¶ This present book showeth the manner of hawking & hunting: and also of divysing of armours /It shewyth also a good matter belonging to horses: with other commendable treatises. And furthermore of the blazing of arms: as here after it may appear. IN so much that gentlemen and honest persons have great delight in hawking /and delyre to have the manner to take hawkys: and also how and in what wise they should guide them ordynatly /and to know the gentle terms in commoning of their hawkys /and to understand their sicknesses & infirmities /and also to know medicines for them according: and many notable terms that been used in hawking /both of their hawks & of the fowls that their hawks shall slay. ¶ Therefore this book following in a dew four me showeth very knowledge of such pleasure to gentlemen and persons disposed to see it. ¶ This is the manner to begin to keep hawks /but not all manner hawks: but only goshawkes' & tercellis of goshawkys and spare hawks /and in what manner they shall be take. ¶ The manner to speak of hawks fro an egg till they been able to be taken. FOR to speak of Hawks /first they been eggs And afterward they been dysclosed hawkys. And comynly goshawkis been disclosed assoon as the choughꝭ and in some place more timely after the country is of heat & timely breeding. ¶ And we shall say that hawkis done: eyer: and not breed in the woods. ¶ And we shall say that hawkis done: draw: when they beer tymbering to their nestis /and not they: build: ne make their nestis: ¶ And in the time of their love they: call: and not: calk: ¶ And we shall say that they: treede:. ¶ And when they been unclosed and begin to feather any thing of length: anon by kind they will draw somewhat out of the nest: & draw to bows and come again to their nest. And thenne they been called: bowesses:. ¶ And after saint Margarytes day they will i'll fro tree to tree. And thenne they been called: braunchers:. And thenne it is time for to take them. ¶ And vij nights before saint Margarites day and vij nights after: is best taking of spare hawkis. ¶ How ye shall demean you in taking of hawkis & with what Instrumentis: and how ye shall call them. WHo so will take hawks he must have nets which been called Vrynes /And those must be made of good small thread. And it had need to be died other green or blue /for espyenge of the hawk. And he must take with him nedyll & thread to ensile the hawks that been taken. And in this manner they must be ensiled. ¶ Take the nedyll & thread & put it through the over eye lid/ & so of that other. and make them fast under the beck that she see not/ & then she is ensiled as she ought to be. ¶ Some use to ensyle them with the neither eye lid above the beck on the heed almost /but that is the worst way. For of reason the over eye lid closeth more justly than the neither by cause of the largeness. ¶ when she is ensiled beer her home on thy fist & cast her on a perch: and let her stand there a night & a day. And on the other day toward night: then take & kit easily the threads & take them away softly for breaking of the eye lyddiss. Then soft & fair begin to feed her: and deal easily with her till she will sit well upon the fist. For it is dread for hurting of her wings. And then the same night after the fedinge wake her all night & the morough all day. then she will be privy enough to be reclaimed. And the first meet that she shall eat let it be hore. and give her enough thereof. ¶ when your hawk may be draw to reclaim: and the manner of her diet. ANd if your hawk be hard penned: she may be drawn to be reclaimed. For all the while that she is tender penned she is not able to be reclaimed. ¶ And if she be a goshawk or tercell that shallbe reclaimed: ever feed her with wash meet at the drawing: & at the reclaiming /But look that it be hot. And in this manner wash it ¶ Take the meet & go to the water & strike it up & down in the water: and wring the water out /and feed her therewith & she be a brauncher. And if it be an eyesse ye must wash the meet cleaner than ye do to the brauncher /And with a linen cloth wipe it and feed her. ¶ And ever more the third day give her casting when she is fleeing if she be a goshawk or tercell in this manner. ¶ Take new blanket cloth and kit .v. pellettes thereof of an inch longs: and take the flesh and kit .v. morcelles /And with a knives point make an hole in every morsel: and put therein the pelletties of cloth /And take a fair dish with water and put them therein. Thenne take the hawk & give her a morsel of hot meet the quantity of half her supper. Thenne take that that lieth in the water and feed her for all night. ¶ How ye shall feed your hawk and to know her Infirmities: and there been many divers of them. IF your hawk be a spare hawk: ever feed her with unwasshe meet /And look that her casting be plumage. Thenne look that it be clean under the perch. And on the next day ye shall find the casting under the perch. And there ye shall know whither the hawk be clean or no. For some piece will be yellow: & some green: and some glaymous: & some clear. And if it be yellow: she engendryth the Frounce /which is an evil that will rise in the mouth or in the cheek. And if it be green: she engendryth the Rye. The condition of this evil is this: It will arise in the heed & make the heed to swell/ & in the eyen all glaymous & dark. And but it have help it will down in to the legs & make the legs to rankle. And if it go fro the legs in to the heed again thy hawk is but lost. And if it be glaymous and roping: she engendryth an evil called the Cray /that is when an hawk may not muteyse. ¶ Mark well your medicines here following ¶ A medicine for the Frounce in the mouth: Take a silver spoon and put the small end in the fire till it be hot. Thenne let hold the hawk: and open her beke and brene the sore /and anoint it with the merry of a goose that hath lain long: and she shall be hole. And if the Frounce be wexid as great as a not Then there is a grub therein. which ye shall kit with a rasure in this manner. Lete hold the hawk and slit the olace where the sore is /and ye shall find there in as it were th● maw of a pegeon. Take it out all hole /and take a pair o● sheeries and kit the hole of the sore: and make it as fair as ye may with a linen cloth. And whype clean the blood away And anoint the sore with bame four days suingly: and afterward with Papylyon till it be hole. ¶ How the Frounce cometh ¶ The Frounce cometh when a man fedyth his hawk with pork or catties flesh four days together. ¶ How the Rye cometh ¶ For default of hot meet this sickness the Rye cometh. ¶ How the Craye cometh ¶ The Craye cometh of wash meet which is wash with hot water in the default of hot meet. Also it cometh of threads which been in the flesh that the hawk is fed with. For though ye pike the flesh never so clean: yet ye shall find threads therein. ¶ When your hawk shall bathe him ¶ And ever more each third day let your hawk bathe him during the Summer if it be fair weather. And once in a week in Winter if it be fair weeder and not ellys. And when ye bathe your hawk: ever give her a morsel of hot meet unwasshe though she be a goshawk. ¶ How ye may 'cause your hawk to i'll with a courage in the morning. ¶ If ye will that your hawk i'll in the morough tide: feed her the night before with hot meet. And wash the same meet in urine: and wring out the water clean. And that shall make her to have lust and courage to i'll in the morning in the best manner. ¶ How ye shall guide you if your hawk be full gorged and ye would soon have a flight. ¶ If your hawk be full gorged: and that ye would soon upon have a flight /Take four corns of wheat and put them in a morsel of flesh: and give the same morcellies to the hawk: and she will cast anon all that she hath within her. And a noon after that she hath cast: look ye have a morsel of hot meet to give her. And if your hawk be overgorged: give her the same medicine. A medicine for the Rye ¶ Take daysees levys: and stamp them in a mortar/ & wring out the juse: and with a pen put it in the hawkys nares once or twies when the hawk is small gorged. And anon after let her tire: & she shall be hole as a fish/ ¶ Or ellys take percely roots & serve her with them in the same manner/. And when she tyryth: hold Rue in your hand with the tiring: and that shall make her void /But it is perilous te use it oft that the juys fall ne spring in to her eyen. ¶ Also & ye give your hawk fresh butter or the merry of hogs that is in the bone of the butt of pork: it shall make her to cast water well at the nares /And it will keep the nares open /But it will make her hawteyne & proud. ¶ A medicine for the Craye: and moo follow ¶ Take and chauf with your hands the fundament of your hawk with warm water a long tyme. And after that take the powder of Saxifrage: or ellys the powder of rue: & a quantity of May butter /and tempre it well togider till they been even meddled /Thenne put it in a little box & stop it fast. And as oft as ye feed your hawk an hole meele: anoint her meet a little therewith/ & that shall make her to love meet the better: for love of the ointment. And it shall save her fro the Craye & from many other sicknesses that gendre oft in an hawk. ¶ Also take the hot heart of an hog or of a pygge: and feed her two days therewith: and she shall be hole. ¶ Also take pork and wet it in hot milk of ● cow and feed the hawk therewith /and that shall make her muteyse at the best wise. ¶ Also pork with the merry of the boon of the butt of pork shall make her muteyse /and feed her with both together. ¶ Also use her to fresh butter and it will do the same. ¶ Also one meele or two at the most of the hot liver of a pig shall make her to muteyse well. Bewaar ye give her not to great a gorge thereof: for it is a perilous meet. ¶ Also take the white of an egg: & labour the same in a spounge as well as ye would make glayre for red ink till it be like water. Put the same in a vessel: & let the meet that shalbe for her soper lie a stepe therein all the day before/ & at night feed her there with. And that which shalbe for her dinner in the morning let it lie all the night. but in any wise that ye have alway fresh gleyre. And of her feeding be pork it is the better. ¶ That is proved. ¶ The kindly terms that belong to hawkys. IN the beginning of kindly speech of the terms that belong to hawkys here ye may find them. The first is Hold fast at all times /and specially when she batyth. It is called bating: for she batyth with herself most often causeless. ¶ The second is Rebate your hawk to your fist. and that is when your hawk batith: the least moving that ye can make with your fist: she will rebate again upon your fist. ¶ The third is Feed your hawk /and not give her meet. ¶ The fourth is An hawk snytyth: or sueth her beck. and not wipyth her beke. ¶ The fifth Your hawk joukyth/ & not slepyth. ¶ The sixth Your hawk proynyth /and not pyckyth. And she proynyth not but when she begynnyth at her legs: and fetchith moisture like oil at her tail: and bamyth her feet /and striketh the feders of her wings through her beck. And it is called the Note: when she fetchith such oil. And ye shall understand that an hawk would not be let of her proyning For at such time as she proynyth she is liking and lusty. And when she hath done she will rouse her myghtly. ¶ A●●●ome time your hawk countenauncyth as she picked her /and yet she proynyth not. And thenne ye must say She refourmyth her feders /and not pyckyth her feders. ¶ The seventh Your hawk colyeth /and not beckyth. ¶ The eight She rowsith /and not shaketh herself. ¶ The ninth She streynyth /and not claweth ne cratchyth. ¶ The tenth She mantellyth: and not stretchyth when she putteth her legs from her: one after another: and her wings follow her legs. Thenne she doth mantle her. And when she hath mantled her and bryngyth both her wings together over her back: You shall say your hawk warbellyth her wings. And that is one term dew therefore. ¶ The eleventh ye shall say Your hawk mutessyth or mutyth /and not shiteth. ¶ The twelfyth ye shall say Cast your hawk to the perch /and not set your hawk upon the perch. ¶ Here ye shall understand furthermore other manner of terms that belong unto hawkis for to commend them for divers of their proprytees first ye shall say This is a fair hawk And huge hawk A long hawk A short thick hawk. And say not This is a great hawk. Also ye shall say This hawk hath a large beck or a short beck /And call it not bill. An huge heed or a small heed fair seasoned. You shall say: your hawk is full gorged: and not cropped. And your hawk putteth over and endueth. and yet she doth both diversly. ¶ How your hawk putteth over ¶ An hawk putteth over when she remevyth the meet from her goorge in to her bowels. And thus ye shall know it: when she puttythover she traversyth with her body /and specially with the neck as a crane doth or another bird. ¶ when ye shall say Enduth and emboweled ¶ An hawk Enduth never as long as her bowels been full at her feeding /But as soon as she is fed: and resteth /she enduth little and little. And if her goorge be wide and the bowel any thing stiffed: ye shall say she is emboweled and have not fully Endued. ¶ And as long as ye may find any thing in her bowels it is right perilous to give her any meet. ¶ Mark well these terms following ¶ Say an hawk hath a long wing: A fair long tail with vi barrys out: and stondyth upon the seventh. This hawk is enterpennyd: That is to say /when the feders of the wings been between the body and the thighs. This hawk hath an huge leg or a flat leg /or a round leg /or a fair enseryd leg. ¶ To know the mayll of an hawk ¶ Hawks have white mayll: Canuasmayll or red mayll. And some call red mayll Yren mayll: white mayll is soon known. Canuasmayll is between white mayll and iron mayll And iron mayll is very red. ¶ Plumage. and: caste: your hawk. ¶ A goshawk nor a tercell in their sore age have not their mails named /But it is called their plumage. and after the cote: it is called their: mail. ¶ And if your hawk reward to any soul by countenance for to i'll thereto /You shall say: caste: the hawk thereto. and not let: i'll: thereto. ¶ Nomme or seesyd. ¶ And if your hawk: nomme: a soul /and the soul break away fro her: She hath: dyscomfit: many feders of the soul /and is broken away. For in kindly speech ye shall say your hawk hath: nommed: or seesid a soul /and not: take: it. ¶ wherefore an hawk is called a: ryfelere: ¶ And often times it happith many an hawk for eagerness when he should nomme a soul he seesith but the feders. And as oft as he doth so he ryflyth. Therefore such hawks been called: ryfeleres: if they do oft so. ¶ How ye shall name the membres of your hawks in covenable terms. NOw ye shall understand the names of the membres of hawks: to begin at their feet and go upward /as knights been harnessed & armed. And so we shall enarme her. ¶ Talons ¶ first the great clees behind /that strenyth the back of the hand: ye shall call them: talons: ¶ Pounces ¶ The clees within the foot ye shall call of right her: pounces: ¶ Long: sengles: ¶ But certainly the: clees: that are upon the myddill stretchers ye shall call thee: long sengles: ¶ Petty sengles ¶ And the uttermest clees ye shall call thee: petty sengles: The key or closer ¶ understand ye also that the: long senclees: been called the key of the foot: or the closer. For what thing soever it be that your hawk streynyth is upon the single. & all the foot is thereupon. For the strength thereof fortifyeth all the foot. ¶ Seris of watery or waxy colour ¶ Know ye that the skin about your hawkys legs and her feet is called the Series of her legs and her feet /whither they been watery hewed or of waxy colour yolowe. ¶ The beam feather: full Summyd: full firmed and reclaimed. AN hawk hath twelve feders upon his tail. And one principal feather of the same is in the mids. And in manner all the other been covered under the same feather. And that is called the beam feather of the tail. And there gooth black barrys overwhart the tail. And those same barrys shall tell you when she is full summed or full firmed. For when she is full barred she stondyth upon vij and thenne she is perfit ready to be reclaimed. ¶ Ye shall understand that aslonge as an hawk stondyth under the number of vij barrys: and she be in her sore age /it must be said That she is not full summed. For so long she is but tender penned whither she be brauncher or eyes. ¶ And if she be a mewed hawk & stand within vij barrys: ye shall say She is not full firmed. For she is not able to be reclaimed: by cause she is draw to soon out of the mewe: for she is not hard penned no more than a sore hawk. ¶ Braylles or Braylfeders Degowtyd ¶ To know furthermore of hawkys. An hawk hath long small white feathers hanging under the tail from her bowel dounwarde. And the same feders ye shall call the Brayllies: or the Braylfeders. And comynly every goshawk & every tercelles braylis been bisprengyd with black speckes like armyns And for all that they been accounted never the better /But and a spare hawk be so ermyned upon the brayles /or a Musket. ye shall say She is degowtyd to the uttermost brayle. And much it betokeneth hardness. ¶ Breast feders: Plumage /Barb feders: Pendaunt feders. ¶ The feders about the formore parties of an hawk been called the Breast feders. & the feders under the wings are Plumage The feders under the beck been called the Barb feders. And the feders that been at the joint at the hawks knee they stand hanging & sharp at the ends. Those been called the Pendaunt feders. ¶ Flag or flaggis feders. ¶ The feders at the wings next the body be called the Flag or the Flaggis feders. ¶ Beme feders of the wing Sercell. ¶ And the long feders of the wyngies of an hawk been called the beam feders of the wing. And the feders that some call the pynyon feather of another soul: of an hawk it is called the Sercell. ¶ And ye shall understand if an hawk be in mewe the same sercell feather shall be the last feather that she will cast. And till that be cast: she is never mewed /Yet it hath be seen that hawks have cast that same first as I have herd say. But that other rule is general. And when she hath cast her Sercellies in mewe. then and no soover it is time for to feed her with wash meet and to begin to ensayme her ¶ Ensamye ¶ Ensayme of an hawk is the greeys. And but if that be take away with feeding of wash meet & otherwise: as it shalbe declared here after: she will gender a panel /which may be her uttermost confusion: and she i'll therewith and take blood and cold thereupon. ¶ Covertis or Covert feders ¶ There been also feders that close upon the sarcellis. And those same been called the Covertis or the Covert feders. And so all the feders been called that been next over the long beam feders and the fag feders upon the wings. ¶ Back feders ¶ The feders upon the back half been called the Back feders ¶ Beke: Clape: Nares: Sere ¶ The Beke of the hawk is the upper part that is crooked. ¶ The neither part of her beke is called is the Clape of the hawk ¶ The holes in the hawkis beke been called the Nares. ¶ The yellow between the beke & the eyen is called the Sere ¶ Crynettis ¶ There be on an hawk long small black feders like hairs about the sere. And those same been called Crinettꝭ of the hawk ¶ sore age ¶ You shall understand that the first year of an hawk: whither she be called Brauncher or Eyesse /that first year is called her sore age. And all the year she is called a sore hawk. For and she eschape that year: with good feeding she is lykly to endure long. ¶ To reclaim an hawk. IF ye will reclaim your hawk ye must departed one meele in three meeles unto the time that she will come to reclaim. And when she will come to reclaim: encreece her meeles every day better & better. And or she come to the reclaim make her that she sore not. For though she be well reclaimed it may hap that she will sore so high in to the air that ye shall neither see nor find her. ¶ And if your hawk shall i'll to the pertryche: look that ye ensayme her or she i'll. whither she be brauncher or eyesse or mewed hawk. ¶ Why an hawk is called an Eyesse ¶ An hake is called an Eyesse of her eyen. For an hawk that is brought up under a buzzard or a putrocke: as many been have watery eyen. For when they been dysclosed and kept in farm till they been full summed: ye shall know them by their watery eyes /And also her look will not be so quick as a Braunchers is. And so by cause the best knowledge is by the eye: they been called Eyesses. ¶ Ye may also know an Eyesse by the paleness of the seres of her legs of the sere over the beke: and also by the taynties that been upon her tail and her wings /which tayntes cord for lack of feeding when they been eyesse. ¶ what a Taint is ¶ A taint is a thing that gooth overwharke the feders of the wings & of the tail like as it were erens with worms. And it begynnyth first to breed at the body in the pen. And that same pen shall frete asondre and fall away through the same taint /And then is the hawk disparaged for all that year. ¶ medicines to ensayne your hawk ¶ Take the rote of Rasue & put it in clean water: and lay your flesh therein to tempre a great while. & give it to your hawk to eat. And if she eat thereof: dread not but it shall abate her grece. But within three days she shall not greatly abate. ¶ Also take pulyall & garlyk & stamp it well together/ & wring out the juice in a dish. And thenne wet the flesh therein. feed your hawk therewith. And but it tempre your hawk: that is to say Ensayme your hawk within four days I merueyll But look every day that ye make new juice. And when ye feed her weet your meet therein. ¶ Also take the juice of percelly mories: other wise called percelly roots: and those same of Ysoppe. And wash your flesh therein /and your hawk shall be ensaymyd kindly: and no great abate to the hawk. ¶ Some use to say their flesh in water almost a day: & give the same to the hawk at supper. And that that lieth all night to give to her in the morning. And thus to feed them in mewe or they been drawn about a month or vi weeks/ & to ensayme them or they come on fist. And assoon as they cast their cercell: then is the time to begin to feed them so. ¶ How your hawk ensaymyth ¶ understand ye for certain: that aslonge as your hawkys feet been blackysth & rough: she is full of grece. And ever as she ensaymyth: her feet will wax yellow and smooth. ¶ How ye shall guide you when your hawk is ready to i'll. Also ye shall say Put up a pertryche. When ye have ensaymyd your hawk and reclaimed her and that she is ready to i'll to the pertryche /You must take a pertryke in your bag & go in to the field: and let your spanyels find a Covey of partridges. And when they been up and begin to scatre: ye must have markers to mark some of them. And then cowple up your hounds. when ye have so done let some fellow of yours privily take the pertryche out of your bag: and teye it by the leg with a creance /and cast it up as high as he can. And as soon as the hawk seethe her she will i'll thereto. And if your hawk seesyth the pertryche above: give her a reward thereupon. And go after that by laysur to the pertryche that been marryed and do as I shall tell you here following. ¶ If ye have a chastised hound that will be rebuked: and is a retryver. Uncouple him and no moo of your hounds: and go to a syngler pertryche of the covy so sparkled. And be as nigh as ye can to the rising thereof. And if your hawk desire: cast her to. And if she take it: thenne is your hawk made for that year. And of the same pertriche that she sleeth: thus ye must reward her as it showeth here next following. ¶ How ye shall reward your hawk. ¶ Take a knife & kit the heed and the neck from the body of the pertryche. And stripe the skin away from the neck. & give the same to the hawk. And cover the body of the soul with a bonnet or an heart: and lay the said heed & the neck thereupon. And if she will forsake the soul that she plumyth on & come to the reward: Thenne privily take away the pertryche & reward your hawk with the brain & the neck. Beware that she eat no bonies: for that is evil to endue. And it will make her unlusty for to i'll. And thus ye must serve her of as many as she sleeth. But let her reward be the less: For else she may be soon full gorged. And thenne she may i'll no more a great while. ¶ How your hawk shall rejoice ¶ And when your hawk hath slain a soul: and is rewarded as I have said /Lete her i'll in no wise till she hath rejoiced her: that is to say Till she hath sewed or snytyd her beke. or else roused her. And when she hath done any of these: or all. Go & retrieve moo and she will nymme plenty. ¶ When your hawk hath nomme a soul how ye shall do that ye rebuke not the hawk. ¶ Learn well do thing: and beware thereof. when your hawk hath nomme a pertryche /stand a good way of: and come not to nigh her /And drive away your hounds for rebuking of her. For many hawkys love no hounds. And also many hounds will benymme them their game from their foot. and that is perilous. And while your hawk plumyth: come softly toward her alway near and near. And if she leave pluming and look upon you: stand still & cherke her: and whystyll her. till she plume again. And thus serve her till ye be right nigh her. Thenne soft and layserly fall upon your knees. And privily while she plumyth: set your hand & be sure of the guess And thenne ye may guide all thing as ye will. And if ye do the contrary she will for fere carry her game: or let it go quick And that is but loss to you and your hawk also. ¶ A medicine for to make an hawk to cast that is accumbered with casting within her body. ¶ Take the juys of Salandyne: and wet a morsel of flesh therein /to the quantity of a not. And give that morsel to the hawk. And that shall make her for to cast her old casting. and the hawk shall be sauf. ¶ A medicine for an hawk that will sore ¶ wash the flesh that your hawk shall be fed with in the juice of Fenell. And that shall take away that pride from her: and make her to leave her sooring whither she be lene or fat ¶ And many times an hawk will sore when she lackyth bathing. ¶ A medicine for an hawk that is louse. ¶ Take quick silver & put it in a bassen of brass: and put there to Saladyne & ashes: and meddle it well together till all the quick silver be deed. And meddle thereto fat of bonies: and anoint the hawk therewith. And hang it about her neck till it fall away /and that shall slay the lies. ¶ Also powdre of Orpement blown upon an hawk with a pen shall slay the lies. ¶ Also take a dagon or piece of rough blanket unshore: and hold it to the fire unto time it be through out warm: and wrap the hawk therein. And thenne hold her softly and stylly for hurting in your hands. and the wermyn will creep in to the cloth. ¶ Also hold her in the son on a fair day /and ye shall see the vermin creep out upon her feders. Thenne take a knife & wet th'one side of the blade thereof with your mouth. And always as they appear say the wet side of the knife to them: & they will cleave thereto. And thenne ye may slay them. ¶ The opinion of Ostregiers ¶ After the opinion of many Ostregiers /and ye feed your hawk contynuelly with Pork: with jays: with Pies /Or in especial beer her moche in reyny weder /she shall be louse. ¶ Ostregeres: Speruyteres: Fawkeners. ¶ Now by cause I speak of Ostregeres /You shall understand that they been called Ostregeres that keep goshawkes' or tercelles. And those that keep spare hawkys and musketties: been called Speruyteres. And keepers of all other hawkys aren called Fawkeners. ¶ The length of the Guess: Lewnes: Tyrettys. And how they been fastened: And Bewettys. ¶ Hawkys have about their legs Guesses made of ledder most comynly /some of silk. which should be no longer but that the knots of them should appear in mids of the left hand between the long finger and the leech finger /by cause the Lewnes should be fastened to them with a pair of Tyrettys. which Tyretties should rest upon the Lewnes and not upon the Guesses: for hanging and fasting upon trees when she fleeth. And those same Lewnes ye shall fasten them about your little fingers slackly: in compassing the same in four or five fold as a bow string unoccupied. And the Tyrettes serve to keep her from wyndinge when she bathyth. ¶ Also the same lethers that been put in her bells to be fastened about her legs: ye shall call Bewetties. ¶ creance. ¶ Also ye shall call the long line that ye do call your hawk to reclaim with: your creance: what so ever it be. ¶ A medicine for an hawk that will cast flesh. ¶ Put the flesh that your hawk shall eat in fair water. And feed her therewith three days. And she shall hold her flesh in the best wise. A medicine for an hawk that hath lost her courage. An hawk that hath lost her courage a man may know if he will take good heed. For such is her manner: When she is cast to a soul: she fleeth awaywarde as though she knew not the fowl. Or ellys she will i'll a little way after: and anon he giveth it up. & for such an hawk this is a good medicine. Take oil of Spain and tempre it with clear wine & with the yolk of an egg: and put therein beyf. And thereof give to your hawk five morcelles. And thenne set her in the son /And at even feed her with an old hot coluer. And if ye feed her thus three times: that hawk was never so lusty nor so joyly before as she will be after: & come to her own courage. ¶ Other make powder of Mecles that stink: and put the powder on the flesh of a peacock: and meddle the blood of the peacock among the powder /and make her to eat the flesh. ¶ A medycyn that an hawk shall not lie in mewe for unlustiness ¶ Take fern roots that groweth on an oak & oak apples & make juice of them: and wet her flesh therein/ & feed the hawk three times or four: & that shall make her to leave that. ¶ A medicine for an hawk that hath the Teyne. ¶ An hawk that hath the teyne a man may soon know if he take heed: for this is her manner. She will pant more for one bating than another for four. & if she should i'll a little while: she should almost lese her breath /whither she be fat or lene & always she maketh heavy cheer. And for that this is the medicine ¶ Take a quantity of the redness of Hasyll with the powder of Rasne & pepper: and somewhat of ginger /And make thereof in fresh grece three pellettꝭ and hold the hawk to the fire. And when she felyth the heat: make her to swallow the three pellettꝭ by strength. And knit fast her beke that she cast it not out And do so thrice: and she shall be sauf. ¶ Also take Rasne and Rhubarb and grind it together: and make juice thereof /and wet the flesh therein: and give it her to eat And she shall be hole. ¶ Also take Alexander & the rote of Prime roses & the rote of Grognauteles: and seethe all in the butter of a kowe. And give her three morcellꝭ every day unto the time that she be hole. And look that she be void when ye give her the medicine. ¶ How a man shall take an hawk fro the Eyrer WHo so takyth an hawk from the eyrer: him behooveth to do wisely: in bringing him easily/ & to keep him well from cold: and from hurting of his bonies. For they been full tendre: and they must have great rest. And they may not have stinking & filthy air: but as clean as can & may be thought. And ever more give him clean meet & hot /and a little & often. And change often their meet: but look it be hot And kit her meet in to small morcellies: for they should not tire on bonies till they might i'll. then after when she begynnyth to pen: and plumyth & spalchyth and pykyth herself. Put her in a close warm place that no fulmerties nor fecheus nor other vermyn come not in to her. And let the place be sure from wind & rain: and thenne she will prove herself. And ever more give her good hot meats. For it is better to a man to feed his hawk while she is tender with hot meats: to make her good with some cost: than to feed her with evil meats to make her unthrifty with little cost. And look when she beginneth to farm: thenne give her bathing. ¶ A medicine for worms in an hawk. which sickness is called the Fylaundres. ¶ Mark well this sickness: and bewaar thereof. This is the medicine therefore. ¶ Ye shall take an herb that is called neep and put it in a small gut of a capon or of an hen. And knit it with a thread: and let her receive it hole. And she shall be hole and sauf. Thus ye shall know when your hawk hath worms in her bowke. ¶ Look when she hath casting: and ye shall find one or two obowte her casting place if she hath any ¶ A medicine for an hawk that castyth worms at the fundament: what worms that they been. ¶ Take the Lymayll of pren and meddle it with flesh of pork. And give it two days to the hawk for to eat. And she shall be hole. ¶ A medicine for an hawk that hath a sickness the which is called the Aggresteyne. ¶ When ye see your hawk hurt her feet with her beke: and pullyth her tail: thenne she hath the aggresteyne. ¶ For this sickness take the dung of a dove & of a sheep /and of an allow & strong vinegar /and do all softly in a basin of brass. And meddle them well together to serve three days after. And give her flesh of a coluer with honey and with powder of pepper. And set her in a dark place: and so do ix days. And when ye see new feders in the tail: wash her with Eucrose: and she shall be hole and sauf. ¶ A medicine for an hawk that hath the Cramp in her wings: and how it cometh. ¶ For this Cramp take a white loof of breed somewhat colder than it cometh out of the ooven: and let hold the hawk softly for hurting. And kit the loof almost through out: and display the wing easily. and hold it between the two parts of the loof. and let it be hold so the space of half a quarter of an hour /and she shall be hole. ¶ The Cramp cometh to an hawk with talking of cold in her youth. Therefore it is good for a hawk to keep her warm young & old. And this medicine is good at all times for her whither she be young or old. ¶ Lete not an hawk be put in mewe to late: but in this manner as folowyth if ye love your hawk. ¶ If ye love well your hawk: keep her well. and put her not late in mewe. For who so for covetysenesse of fleeing loseth the time of his hawks mewing and wythholdyth her tolonge there fro: he may after put her in mewe at adventure /For thenne a part of her mewing time is paste. ¶ who so putteth his hawk in mewe in the beginning of Lente: if she be kept as she owyth to be: she shall be mewed in the beginning of August. ¶ How ye shall dispose & ordain poor mewe ¶ Set & dispose your mewe in this manner: so that no weasel nor polcatte nor noon other vermyn entre thereto /nor no wind /nor no great cold /nor that it be over hot. ¶ Lete that one part of the mewe be turned toward the son: so that in the most part of the day the son may come in. ¶ Also ye must see that she be not vexed nor grieved with moche noise nor with song of men. And that no manner folkys come to her but only he that feedeth her. ¶ It behooveth that your hawk have a feeding stock in her mewe /and a long string teyed thereto to fasten her meet with. For else she will carry it about the house & soylle it with dust And peradventure she will hide it till it stink: and thenne feed upon it. and that might be her death. And therefore when it is bo unden to the said feeding stock: she shall neither at feeding nor at the tiring ne at the lyghting ne at the rising hurt herself. And when she hath fed take away the remnant if any leave. And in any wise that she have clean meet. And at every meele fressh. For of stolen meettiss & evil meats she shall engendre many sicknesses. And look ye go never to your mew but when ye shall give your hawk meet: Or else to bring water to bathe her. And suffer no rain to weet her at no time and ye may. And as for her bathing: that shall no thing hinder her mewing. ¶ The manner how a man shall put an hawk in to mewe And that is to be well noted. ¶ Of one thing ye must beware well if she have any sickness that ye make her hole or ye put her in mewe. For as I understand: a syke hawk shall never mewe well. For though she mewe she shall not endure but while she is great and fat. For at the abating of her estate she may no longer endure. ¶ Sometime without any medicine many men devysen how they might mewe their hawkis: for some put hawkys in mew at high estate/ & some when they been right low/ & some when they been full/ & some when they been empty & lene/ & some when they been miserable lene: but thereof is no force if she be hole. Ne theles I shall say mine advice as I have seen & learned. ¶ Who so putteth a goshawk or a tercell or a spare hawk in to mewe so high that she may be no higher: she will hold her long in the point or that she lose or lent any feders. And who so putteth her in mewe lene: it will be long or she be remounted. And who so putteth her in mewe to hungry & to lean: if she have meet at her will: she will eat tomoche by cause of hunger And peradventure she may be deed thereby: as hath oft been seen. ¶ But who so will that an hawk endure & mewe kindly: My counsel is that she be not to high neither to low /neither in great distress of hunger: but like as she should i'll best. Then take heed the first day of tomoche eating /unto time that she be staunched. And after that a man may take her such meet as I shall tell more plainly here after. ¶ In what manner & how a man shall feed his hawk in mewe. ¶ Look with what meetꝭ she hath be most used to be fed & feed her therewith eight days contynuelly. & though eight days give her birds enough: both morrow and even. And let her plume upon them well. And take casting of the plumage. & that shall talaunt her well/ & 'cause her to have good appetite. And it shall cleanse well her bowels. And when she is well cleansed: ye may give her what meet that ye will: so it be clean & fresh. ¶ But the best meet to make an hawk to mewe most soon without any medicine: is the flesh of a kid or of a young swan & of a chicken. And specially ratons flesh: So they been not assault /none like to it /And of a young goose. For such meet is hot of itself. ¶ And take pieces of great fresh elys: and specially the colpen next the navel. and wet it in hot blood of mutton: It is good to make her to mewe: But specially it shall make her wight after her sore age. ¶ these said fleshes been good to mewe an hawk and to keep her in state. but look she have good plenty every day: so that she rather leave part than lack any. And every third day let her bathe if she list. ¶ And when she wexyth nigh farm: give her hennys & fat pork: and of an hound is passing good. ¶ An hawk is never full farm nor ready to draw out of mewe unto time her sercell be full grown. Yet have I seen some folks take them out of mewe when the sarcel were but half sprung: & that is perilous. for they are not thenne hard penned. ¶ Some folks use when an hawk hath cast her sercell to be begin and wash her meet: and feed her so in mewe with wash meet a month or vi weeks or ever they draw them. ¶ But of all fleshes after she is mewed /a reasonable george of an hot hare is best /and also of a crow hot /But it must be wash in water /and then it is the better. For that will not be nymme them hastily their grece: nor put them in no great feblynesse. For it duryth somewhat with her. ¶ To make anhawke to mewe timely without any hurting of her. ¶ Now I shall tell you very true medicines to mewe an hawk hastily that ye shall believe for troth & ye will asaye them. ¶ There been in wodies or in heggꝭ worms called adders that be red of nature: & he is called (Vepera) And also there be snakes of the samekind: & they been very bitter. Take two or three of the y and smite of their heeds & the ends of their tails: then take a new earth pot that was never used: and kit them in to small pieces: and put those same therein/ & let them seethe strongly a great while at good leisure. And let the pot be cove rid that no air come out of it nor no breath. and let it seethe so long that the same pieces seeth to grece. Thenne caste it out and do away the bones & gather the grece /and put it in a clean vessel. And as oft as ye feed your hawk: anoint her meet therein /and let her eat as much as she will. And that meet shall mewe her at your own will. ¶ another medicine. ¶ Take wheat and put it in the broth that the adders were sodden in. And when ye see the wheat begin to cleave: take it out and feed hennys or chekyns therewith. And feed your hawk with the same polayn. ¶ who so will that an hawk mewe not nor fall noon of her feders: therefore here is a medicine. ¶ Take powder of Canell and the juice of Frank costis and the juice of Paranye. And take morcelles of flesh three or four if ye list and wet them therein. And make the hawk to swallow them and serve her so many times. Also take the skin of a snake or of an adder & kit it in to small pieces: and tempre it with hot blood. and 'cause your hawk oft time to feed thereof & she shall not mewe. ¶ For the Gout in the throat ¶ when ye see your hawk blow often times. & that it cometh of no bating: ye may be sure she hath the gout in the throat & for that t. Take the blood of a peacock & incense mirabolana & clowies of gelofre & canel and ginger. And take of all these evenly and meddle them with peacocks blood: & seethe it till it be thick And thereof make morcelles: & give the hawk thereof every day at mydmorn and at noon. ¶ For the gout in the heed and in the reins. ¶ when ye see your hawk may not end where meet nor remount her estate: she hath the gout in the heed & in the reins. ¶ Take Momyan otherwise called Momyn: among Apothecaries ye may have it: and the skin of an haare and give it to your hawk to eat ix times with the flesh of a cat. And if she may hold that meet she shall be sauf. ¶ A medicine for a sickness called the Fallera. ¶ When ye see that your hawkys clees wax white: thenne she hath the Fallera. For this sickness: take a black snake and kit away the heed & the tail /and take the myddyll & fry it in an erthen pot. And take the 'grees & save it: and anoint the flesh of a peacock therewith /and give it to the hawk for to eat eight days. And ye have no peacock give her flesh of a dove. And after the eight days give her a chicken /and wash it a little: & give it her to eat. And take the tenderest of the breast with the fros shell boon & let her eat it. And if she amend any thing she shall be hole. ¶ A medicine for the Cramp in the thigh in the leg and in the foot of an hawk. ¶ When ye see your hawk lay her one foot upon her other foot: she is take with the Cramp. Thenne draw her blood upon the foot that lieth upon that other foot: and upon the leg also /and she shall be hole. ¶ For the Cough or the Poose ¶ Take powder of bays and put it upon the flesh of a dove & give it oft to your hawk. & without doubt she shalbe hole. ¶ A medicine for the Podagre ¶ when your hawkys feet been swollen she hath the podagre. Thenne take fresh May butter & as much of oil olive and of alyn: & chauf it well together at the fire and make thereof an ointment: and anoint the feet four days. And set her in the son: & give her flesh of a cat. And if that avail not: seethe the kytting of a vine: & wrap it about the swelling: and let her sit upon a cold stone: And anoint her with butter or fresh grece. And she shall be hole. ¶ A medicine for a sickness within the body of an hawk and it shewyth not outward how she shall be helped. and in what manner. ¶ A man may know by the cheer & ungladnesse of an hawk this infyrmytee. But yet it is strange to know things that a man may not see in what sickness and what manner they been grieved /and specially when a man wot not whereof it cometh. ¶ Feed your hawk well upon an hen and then make her to fast two days after: to avoid well her bowels. The third day: take honey sodden and fill her body full. And bind her beke that she cast it not out of her body: and thenne set her out in the son. And when it drawyth toward night feed her with an hot soul. For as I heard my master say: and she be not hole hereof: look never other medicine. ¶ For the passion that goshawkys have fasting. ¶ Take the rote of small Russhies and make juice of them: and wet your flesh therein /and make her to eat it. ¶ For hawkys that been wounded. ¶ Take away the feders about the wound: and take the white of an egg & oil of olive and meddle it together: and anoint the wound /and keep it with white wine unto time ye see deed flesh. And then put in the wound Escompe sal unto time the deed flesh be wasted. After take incense: & cleave asmuch of the one as of that other: & meddle it together. & when ye will anoint the sore: heat your ointment: & anoint it with a pen till the time the skin grow again. And if ye see deed flesh thereon and would have it away /Take Venecreke & then anoint it with this ointment aforesaid and she shall be hole. ¶ A medicine for an hawk that hath the Artetyk. ¶ When ye see your hawk fat about the heart: trust it for truth she hath the Artetyk. Therefore let her blood in the original vain: and after that give her a Frog for to eat. and she shall be hole. ¶ A medicine for an hawk cumbered in the bowels. ¶ when your hawk is encombrid in the bowellis ye shall know it by her eyen. For her eyen will be dark: and she will look ungladly. And her mutessing will defoil her fundament. Then take the hawkys meet and anoint it with the powder of canel And give it her to eat: and she shall be hole. ¶ A medicine for an hawk that hath the Gout ¶ Feed your hawk with an Irchyn once or twice. and it shall help her. ¶ A medicine for an hawk that hath Mites. ¶ Take the juice of wormewode and put it there as they been and they shall die. ¶ That an hawk use her craft all the season to i'll or leave. ¶ when ye go to the field in the latter end of hawking and desire that your hawk shall use her crafre: do to her in this manner. Lete her slay a soul and let her plume upon it asmuch as she will. And when she hath plumyd enough: go to her softly for frayenge: and reward her on the soul. And after that ye may cast her on a perch. And aswell she may use her craft: so as that she slew all the year. ¶ A medicine for an hawk that hath the stoon. ¶ Anoint her fundament with oil: and put the powder of Alym with an hollow straw. ¶ Also take an herb called Christ's ladder: and anoint her mouth within and she shall be hole. ¶ Also take small Flame roots and Polypody & the corns of Spourge & grind it well: and seethe it in butter. And draw it through a cloth: and make thereof three pellettiss of the greatness of a not. And put it in his mouth in the morrow tide: and look that he be void /and then let him fast till evensong. and feed him little & little /and he shall be hole. ¶ A medicine for Vermyn. ¶ Take the juice of the rote of Fenell and do it where the vermin be: and they shall die. ¶ A medicine for the Rheum that hawks have. ¶ when ye see your hawk close her eyen and shakyth her heed: thenne hath she the rheum in the heed. Therefore give her lard of a goat the first day. And the second give her Epatyk with the flesh a chicken: and she shall be hole. ¶ A medicine for hawkys that been dry & desire to drink to keep them moist in kind ¶ Take the juice of Haarhounde & wet thine hawkys meet therein. And feed her therewith once or twice. & she shalbe hole. ¶ For sicknesses that hawkys have in their entreyllies. AN hawk that is seek within thentrails: is of another array than in other sicknesses. For if she hold not her meet but cast it: that is token of the fowl glet: for surfeit of feders that been given to hawkys in their youth. And afterward when they come unto travail: & been annoyed of the river /then they wax slow to i'll & desire for to rest. And when thauke is upon her perch: then she will sleep for to put over: and the entering. And if she hold flesh any while in her gorge: it will look as it were sodden. And when she is waking she assayeth to put over at th'entering. & it is glutted & kelyd with the glette that she hath engendered. & if she should escape she must put over or else she must they: or cast it. And if she cast it she may be holp with the medicine. ¶ A medicine for the Entreylles. ¶ Take yolks of hedges raw: & when they been well beaten together: put thereto spanyssh salt & asmuch honey thereto. And wet therein thy flesh: & feed thy hawk three days therewith. And if she make danger to eat it. let hold thy hawk: & make her to swolowe three or four morcelles in a day: & sickerly she shall be hole: Yet I shall to you another thing: Take honey at the changing of the moan & a sharp nettyll: & thereof make small poudre. And when it is well ground: take the breast boon of an hen & another of a coluer: & hack it small with a knife. And do away the skin: & do thereon the powder. And all hot with the powder feed her/ & so do thrice & she shall be hole. ¶ For sickness of swelling ¶ If a wicked fellow be swollen in such a manner that a man may heel it that the hawk shall not die: thus a man may help her strongly & length her life. But the hawk will be very egre & grievous of the sickness. And therefore ye must take the rote of Confore & sugar ylyke much: and seethe it in fresh grece with the third part of honey: & thenne draw it through a fair cloth. & oft give it to the hawk: and she shall amend. ¶ For blains in hawks mouths called Frounches ¶ Of the Frounches it is dread for hawks: for it is a noyous sickness & drawyth her to death: and wᵗholdyth her strength. For men say that it cometh of cold: for cold doth hawks moche harm: and maketh phlegm fall out of the brayen: & the eyen will swell & impair in her heed. And but she have hastily help it well stop her nostrils. And therefore take Fenell Mary all & Rerses ylike much: and seethe them & draw them through a cloth. And other while wash her heed therewith: and put some in the roof of her mouth and she shall be sauf. ¶ A medicine for an hawk that castyth her flesh. ¶ Weet her flesh in Sarsoyll /or else seethe Rasne in water & put her flesh therein when it boyllyth. ¶ A medicine for the rheum called Agrum. ¶ When thou seest thy hawk upon her mouth and her cheeks blobbed: thenne she hath this sickness called Agrum. Therefore take a nedyll of silver & heat it in the fire: and bren the Narelles through out: Thenne anoint it with oil of olive. ¶ For to make an hawk great & fat. ¶ Take a quantity of pork & honey and butter ylyke much & purged grece: and do away the skin /And seethe them together. & anoint the flesh therein: and feed your hawk therewith /and she shall increase myghtly. ¶ Else take the wings of an Eued: & feed her & keep her fro travail. And do so often though the Eued be never so fat. And if your hawk be not passing fat within xiiij days wonder I think. ¶ For botches that grow in an hawkys ¶ Kit these botches with a knife & let out the matter of them. And after cleanse them clean with a silver spoon: or else fill the hole with a powder of Arnemelit brent. & upon that powder do a little lard that is resside: & so it will away. ¶ Here is a good medicine for an hawk that will not come to reclaim. ¶ Take fresh butter & put thereto sugar & put it in a clean cloth & reclaim her to that & keep it in a box in your bag. ¶ A medicine for hawks that been refrained. ¶ When ye see your hawk sneezing & casting water thorough her nostrils on her nares: then dowteles she is refrained. ¶ For that sickness take the greynes of Chaffelegre and of pepper and grind it well /And tempre it with strong vinegar and put in her nares & in the roof of her mouth /and give her flesh to eat: and she shall be sauff. ¶ A medicine for hawks that have pain in their croupes. ¶ Ye shall take fair Morsum & powder of gelefre /and meddle it together: and give it to your hawk to eat. And if she hold it passed the second day after: she shall be hole. ¶ A medicine for the stone in the fundament ¶ When your hawk may not muteyse: thenne she hath that likeness called the Stoon. And for this sickness: ye shall take the heart of a swine and the grece of a swine: and kit it with the flesh of the heart: and she shall be holp. ¶ A medicine for the dry Frounce ¶ For this sickness: take the rote of Pillypody that growyth upon oaks & seethe it a great while. Thenne take it fro the fire & let it stand & wax lewe warm /Thenne wash your flesh therein: & feed your hawk three times /and she shall be hole. ¶ A medicine for worms called Anguelles ¶ Take pressure made of a lamb that was ended in untyme: & make thereof three morcelles. & put it in a gut of a coluer & feed her therewith & look thawke be void when ye give her this medicyn ¶ Also take juice of dragons & put full the gut of a pegeon. & then kit it & depart it as the hawk may overslowe it. and put it in his body: & knit his beke for casting. ¶ Also give her the balockes of a buck as hot as they be kit out: and make powder of the pyntyll & cast it upon the flesh of a cat: and feed her therewith & she shall be hole. ¶ An hawk Tyryth: Fedyth: Goorgyth: Bekyth: Rousith: Enduyth: Mutith: Perchyth: joykyth: Puttithover: Proynyth Plumyth: she warbullyth and Mantellyth. ¶ She Tyryth upon rumps. she Fedyth on all manner of flesh. She Gorgith when she fyllyth her gorge with meet. She Bekyth when she sewyth: that is to say: when she wypyth her beke. She Rousyth when she shakyth all her feders & her body together. she Enduyth when her meet in her bowels fall to digestion. She Mutyth when she avoydyth her ordure. She Perchith when she stondyth on any manner bow or perch. she joykyth when she sleepeth. she puttythover when she avoideth her meet out of her gorge in to her bowels. She Proynyth when she fetchyth oil with her beke over her tail: & anoytyth her feet & her feders. She Plumyth when she pulleth feders of any soul or of any thing & castyth them from her. She war belyth when she drawyth both her wings over the mids of her back: & there they meet both & softly shakyth them & let them fall again. And she Mantellyth when she stretcheth her one wing a long after her leg. and afterward that other wing. And most comynly she doth that afore or she Warbelyth her. ¶ The names of a Spare hawk as Ostregers and Sparuyters have determined. THere is a question axed whither a man shall call a Spare hawk or a Spear hawk: or an Aspere hawk. ¶ And Ostrigers & also Sparuiters say she may be called all three names /for these reasons? she may be called a Spare hawk /for of all the hawkys that there be she is most spear: that is to say most tender to keep. For the least mysdyeting & miss intending sleeth her. ¶ Also she may be called a Spare hawk of sharpness of her courage: and of her looking quickly /and also of her fleeing. For she is most asper and sharp in all thing that belong unto her of any other hawks. ¶ She may also be called a Spare hawk for two reasons. one is she spareth goshawkes' & tercelles both: such as been in their sore age unto time they may be reclaimed and made ready to i'll. As goshawkes' & tercelles that been not fully mewed: unto time they may be clean ensayned & ready to i'll. For all the while they been unable: the spare hawk ocupyeth the season /and sleeth pertriche well. that is to say from saint Margarytes day unto it be Lammas. and so forth in the year. ¶ And she will sle well young pheasants: young heth cocks in the beginning of the year. And after Myghelmas when pertriche pass their danger: I have seen them made some to slay the pie: some to slay the teele upon the river at the jutty: some to slay the woodcock: and some for the black bird & the thrush ¶ The woodcock is cumbrous to slay but if there be craft. therefore when ye come to a wood or a queche of bushes: cast your spare hawk in to a tree & bete the bushes thenne. and if any woodcok arise she will be sure thereof. You must first make her to a fowl cast up out of the bushes/ & your hawk must sit on loft as ye make her to a pertriche. ¶ Also as I said ye may call her a Spare hawk for another cause /For & there were a ship fraught full of hawks & no thing else: & there were a spare hawk among them: there should no custom be paid by cause of her. And so for the most common name they been called Spare hawks for the reasons aforesaid. ¶ An hawk fleeth to the View: to the Beke: or to the Toll (Nota (¶ Creep: Querre Fer jutty. etc. AN hawk fleeth to the river divers ways /and sleeth the soul diversly. That is to say: she fleeth to the View or to the Beke: or to the Toll. And all is but one: as ye shall know here after. She fleeth also to the Quarre: to the Creep /and no moo ways but those three. And she nymmeth the soul at the far jutty or at the jutty ferre. ¶ Now shall ye know what these terms betoken and moo following. As Huff: jutty ferry mount: Raundon: Creep: ennewed. A Goshawk or a tercell that shall i'll to the View: to the Toll: or to the Beke in this manner she is taught. ¶ Ye must find a soul in the river or in a pit privily. and thenne set your hawk a great space of upon a moll hill or on the ground /and creep softly toward the soul from your hawk straight way. And when ye come almost there as the soul lieth: look backward toward the hawk. And with your hand or with your tabur stick beck your hawk to come to you. And when she is on wing and cometh low by the ground and is almost atte you. Thenne smite your tabre and cry (Huff: Huff: Huff) and make the soul to spring. And with that noise the soul will rise: and the hawk will nymme it. ¶ And now take heed /If your hawk nymme the soul at the ferre side of the river or of the pit from you /then she sleeth the soul at the far jutty. And if she sle it upon that side that ye be on: as it may hap diverse times: thenne ye shall say she hath slain the soul at the jutty ferry. ¶ If your hawk nymme the soul aloft: ye shall say she took it at the Mount or at the Souse. ¶ And if the soul spring not but flee a long after the river & thawke nym it: then ye shall say she slew it at the Raund on ¶ Creep ¶ And your hawk fleeth at or to the Creep when yé have your hawk on your fist & creep softly to the river or to the pit and stelyth softly to the brink thereof: & thenne cry (Huff) & by that mean nyme a soul: Then it is slain at the Creep other at the ferre jutty: or at the jutty ferry: as above is said. ¶ And if it hap as it doth oft times the soul for fear of your hawk will spring and fall again in to the river: or the hawk seethe her /and so lie still and dare not arise: You shall say then Your hawk hath ennewed the soul in to the river. And so ye shall say and there been moo fowls in the river then that your hawk nymmyth if they dare not arise for fere of your hawk. ¶ A thief ¶ understand ye that a goshawk should not i'll to any fowl of the river with bells in no wise. And therefore a goshawk is called a thief. ¶ Querre ¶ And your hawk fleeth to the querre: when there been in a stobyll time Sordes of mallardes in the field. And when she espieth them and cometh covert herself: & i'll privily under hedges or low by the ground: & nymme one of them or they rise: thenne ye shall say that the soul was slain at the querre. ¶ Mark this term Draw ¶ Some folk mysuse this term Draw: and say that their hawk will draw to the river. And that term Draw is properly assigned to that hawk that will sle a roke: or a crow: or a ravin upon a land litting. And thenne it must be said that such an hawk will Draw well to a roke. ¶ Now ye shall understand if a man will make an hawk to the querre: in this manner he must do. ¶ Take a tame malarde and set him in a fair plain: and let him go where he will. Thenne take your hawk upon your fist and go to that plain: and hold up your hand a praty way of from the malarde. And look if the hawk can espyrit by her own courage. And if she have found the soul & desire to i'll thereto: let her sle it /and plymme well upon her and serve her so two or three times. And thenne she is made to the Quarre. ¶ I have known gentlemen that when somever & wheresoever they see any tame ducks. And if their hawks would desire to them. then they would let i'll to them in couraging their hawks to be well fleeing to the quarre another time ¶ A praty craft to take an hawk that is broken out of mewe /and all manner of fowls that sit in trees if a man will. ¶ Look where an hawk perchyth for a night in ooy manner place /and soft & leyserly clime to her with a sconce or a lantern that hath but one light in your hand /and let the light be toward the hawk so that she see not your face and ye may take her by the legs or other wise as ye list. And in like wise all other manner fowls. ¶ Of hawkys bells THe bells that your hawk shall were look in any wise that they be not to heavy over her power to were. Also that noon be mightier than another but like of weight. ¶ Look also that they been sonowre and well sounding & shyll: and not both of one sown /but that one be a semytoyn under another. and that they be hole and not broken /and specially in the sounding place. For and they be broken they will sown full dully. ¶ Of spare hawks bells there is choce and lityll of charge of them: for there been plenty. ¶ But for goshawkes' sometime bells of Melayne were called the best. And they been full good. for they comynly are sounden with silver: and sold thereafter. But there been now used of Duche land bells: of a town called Durdryght /and they been passing good: For they been well sorted: well sounded: sonowre of ringing in shylnes. and passing well lasting. ¶ Here endeth the process of hawking: & now followeth the names of all manner hawkys /and to whom they belong. ¶ these hawks belong to an Emperor. These been the names of all manner of hawks /First an Egle. a Bawtere. a Melowne. the symplest of these three will slay an hind calf: a Fawn a roe: a Kid: an Elk: a Crane: a buzzard: a Stork: a Swan: a fox in the plain ground. And these be not enlured ne reclaimed: by cause that they been so ponderous to the perch portatyf. And these three by their nature belong unto an Emperor. ¶ these hawks belong unto a king. ¶ A Gerfawkon: a Tercell of a Gerfawkon are dew to a king ¶ For a prince ¶ There is a Fawkon gentle: and a Tercell gentle. And these be for a prince. ¶ For a duke ¶ There is a Fawken of the rock: and that is for a duke. ¶ For an earl ¶ There is a Fawken peregryne: and that is for an earl. ¶ For a baron ¶ Also there is a Bastard: and that hawk is for a baron. ¶ hawks for a knight ¶ There is a Sacre & a Sacret: and these been for a knight. ¶ hawks for a Squire ¶ There is a janare & a Lanrell: and these belong to a squire ¶ For a lady ¶ There is a Merlyon: and that hawk is for a lady. ¶ An hawk for a young man ¶ There is an Hoby: and that hawk is for a young man. ¶ And these been hawks of the tour /and been both illured to be called and reclaimed. ¶ And yet there been mo kinds of hawks. ¶ There is a Goshawk/ & that hawk is for a yeoman. ¶ There is a Tercell: & that is for a poor man. ¶ There is a Spare hawk: & she is an hawk for a priest. ¶ There is a Muskyte: & he is for an holy water clerk. And these been of another manner kind. For they i'll to Ouerre & to Far jutty & to jutty Ferry. ¶ Explicit. Like wise as in the book of hawking aforsayde are written and noted the terms of pleasure be longing to gentlemen: having delight therein. In the same manner this book following showeth: to such gentle persons the manner of hunting for all manner of beasts /whither they been beasts or Venery or or Chase or Rascal. And also it showeth altermies convenient aswell to the hounds as to the beasts aforesaid. And in certain there been many divers of them: as is declared in the book following. ¶ Besties of Venery. WHere so ever ye far by frith or by fell: My dear child take heed how Trystam do you tell. How many manner beasts of venery there were: Lysten to your dame and she shall you lore. Four manner bestis of venere there are: The first of them is the heart: the second is the hare. The boor is one of tho: the wolf and not one mo. ¶ Besties of the Chase ¶ And where that ye come in plain or in place: I shall you tell which been beasts of enchase: One of them is the buck: another is the do: The fox and the marteron: and the wild roo. And ye shall my dear child other beasts all: Where so ye them find Rascal ye shall them call. In frith or in fell: or in the forest I you tell. ¶ Note here the age of an heart ¶ And for to speak of the heart if ye will it lore: You shall him a Calf call at the first year. The second year a Broket so shall ye him call: The third year a Spayad lernyth thus all. The fourth year a Stag call him by any way: The fifth year a great Stag your dame bid you say. ¶ The sixth year call him an heart. Doth so my child whiles ye been in quart. ¶ To know the heed of an Heart: and that is divers. ¶ And of the horny that he then beareth about. The first heed shall be judged without. Therein finden we such diversity. Netheles the syxt year evermore at the least. Thou shalt well judge the perch of the same be'st. when he hath auntelere without any let: Ryall and suryall also there I set. And that in the top so when ye may him ken: Thenne ye shall call him forchyd an heart of ten. And when he hath in the top three of the self: Thenne ye shall call him trochyd an heart of twelve. And afterward in the top when there four bene: Then shall ye call him summed an heart of sixteen. And from four forward what so befall: Be he never of so many ye shall him sommyd call. Right of the number even that he is: Callyth him from four sommyd Iwis. Also have ye seel: an heart heeded weal/ ¶ An Herd. a Beve. a Sounder: a Rout ¶ My child callyth herds of heart and of hind: And of buck and of do where ye them find. And a beve of rooes what place they been. And a sounder ye shall of the wild swine: And a rout of wolves where they pass in/ So shall ye them call as many as they been. ¶ A little herd. a Myddyll heard. a great herd. ¶ Twenty is a little herd though it be of hyndies: And three score is a myddyll heard to call 'em by kyndis. And four score is a great herd call ye them so: Be it heart be it hind buck or else do. ¶ How ye shall say a great heart: & not a Fair and other ¶ A great heart when ye him see so shall ye him call: But never a fair heart for no thing that may be fall. A great hind a great buck and a fair do: My sons where ye walk call ye them so. So ye should name such dear: and do as I you lore/ ¶ What is a Bevy of rooes great or small. ¶ And six is a bevy of rooes on a row: And ten is a myddyll bevy full well I it know. A great bevy is twelve when they together be: And so call them sons where that ye them se. The more number than ywys: the greater the bevy is. ¶ What is a Sounder of swine great or small ¶ Twelve make a sounder of the wild swine: ●vi. a medyll sounder what place they been in. A great sourde of swine twenty ye shall call. forget not this lesson for no thing that may befall. Think what I say: my son night and day. ¶ Of the roe hunting: breaking and dressing. ¶ When ye hunt at the roo then ye shall say thore: He crossyeth & tresonyth your hands before: A great roo buck ye call him not so: But a fair roo buck and a fair do. With the bowels and with the blood: Reward ye your hounds my sons so good. ¶ And each foot ye shall kit in four I you ken: Take the bowels & the blood and do all together then. Yevyth it then to your hounds so: And much the gladder then they will go. That to your hounds a reward is named: For it is eaten on the ground & on the skin dealed. ¶ The roo shall be herdelyd by venery I ween. The two further legs the heed laid between. And take one hinder leg up I you pray: And that other further leg right as I you say: Upon that other further leg both ye them pit: And with that other further leg up ye them knit. On this manner thus when ye have wrought: All hole to the kitchen then it shall be brought. Save that your hounds eat: the bowels & the feet. ¶ Now of the age & undaing of the boor ¶ Now to speak of the boor the first year he is: A pygge of the sounder called as have I bliss. The second year an hog and so shall he be: And an hoggestere when he is of years three. And when he is of four year a boor shall he be: From the sounder of the swine then departyth he. A singular is he so▪ for alone he will go. ¶ when ye have slain the boor and will do him right: You shall undo him unflayne when he shall be dight. thirty bredies & two of him ye shall make: By the law of venery I dare undertake. Through your hounds by strength if that he be deed: They shall have the bowels boiled with the breed. Cast upon the ground there the boor was slain: And that is called a reward so hunters it sayne. Upon the earth so have I bliss: for that so eaten is. ¶ Now of the haare ¶ Now for to speak or the haare my sons sickerly: That be'st king shall be called of all venery. For all the fair speaking & blowing that is there: cometh of seeking and finding of the hare. For my leyf children I take it on hand: He is the merueyllou●t be'st that is in any land. For he fymayeth and crotyth and roungeth ever more: And beeryth tallow and 'grees: and above teeth hath be fore And other while he is male: and so ye shall him find: And other while female and kyndlyth by kind. ¶ And when he is female and kyndlyth him within: In three degrees he them beareth or he with them twin. Two rough and two smooth who will them se: And two knots also that kyndelies will be. when he is female: so tell I my tale. ¶ The reward for hounds ¶ when your hounds by strength have done her to deed: The hunter shall reward them with the heed. with the shoulders & the sides and with the bowels all: And all thing within the womb save only the gall. The paunch also: give them noon of tho. which reward when on the earth it is dealed: with all good hunters the (hallow) it is named. then the loins of the haare look ye not forget: But bring them to the kitchen for the lords meet. And of this said be'st to trete: here it shall be let. ¶ which beasts shall be slain and which strypte. ¶ Now to speak of the beasts when they been slain: How many be strypte and how many be slain. All that beer skin and tallow & rounge leave me: Shall be slain sauf the hare for he shall strypte be. And all that beareth 'grees: and piles thereupon: Ever shall be strypte when they been undone. On this manner play▪ thus ye shall say. ¶ which beasts shall be reared with the Lymer. ¶ My dear sons echoon now will I you lore: How many manner beasts as with the lymere. Shall be upreared in frith or in field: Both the heart and the buck and the boor so wild. And all other beasts that hunted shall be: Shall be sought and found with Ratches so free. Say thus I you told: my children so bold. ¶ The dyseryving of a buck ¶ And ye speak of the buck the first year he is: A fawn souking on his dame say as I you wis: The second year a Prycket the third year a Sowrell: A Sour at the fourth year the troth I you tell. The fifth year call him a Buck of the first heed. The sixth year call him a Buck and do as I you rede. ¶ Of the horns of a buck ¶ The horns of a great buck or he so be: Must be summoned as I say herkenyth to me. Two branches first pawmyd he must have: And four advancers the sooth if ye will save. And xxiiij espelers and then ye may him call: where so ye be a great buck I tell you all. Of the Roobucke ¶ And if ye of the roobucke will know the same: The first year he is a kid souking on his dame. The second year he is a girl: and so been such all: The third year an hemule look ye him call. Roobucke of the first heed he is at the fourth year: The fifth year a Roobucke him call I you lore. At saint Andrew's day his horns he will cast: In moor or in most he hydyth them fast. So that no man may them soon find: Else in certain he doth not his kind. ¶ At saint jamys day where so he go: Then shall the roobucke gendre with the roo. And so boldly there as ye soionrne: Then he is called a roobucke gooing in his turn. And if ye may a roobucke slay without any fail: And ye find that heavy grece at his tail. As some roobuckes have when ye it find: Then shall ye rear it as ye do of heart and of hind. Also the roobucke as it is well kyde: At holy Rood day he gooth to ride. And useth the bit: when he may get it. ¶ Now of the heart & of the hind ¶ Sones of the heart and the hind learn yet ye may: There they draw to the herd at holy Road day. To the stepe then they goon: each hot day at noon. which stepe they use my children I you say: Till it be Midsummer at the lest way. The cause of the stepe is to keep him fro the fly: who so cometh to that place may it well spy. another thing they use my child also: The same season of the year to soil to go. ¶ Of the crying of these beasts ¶ An heart belowyth and a buck groynyth I find: And each roobucke certain bellyth by kind. The noise of these beasts thus ye shall call: For pride of their make they use it all. Say child where ye go: your dame taught you so. ¶ Merke well these seasons following. ¶ Time of grece begynnyth at Midsummer day: And till holy Road day lastyth as I you say. ¶ The season of the fox fro the nativity: Till the annunciation of our lady free. ¶ Season of the roobucke at Ester shall begin: And till Myghelmas lastyth night or she blynne. ¶ The season of the roo begynnyth at Myghelmas: And it shall endure and last until Candylmas. ¶ At Myghelmas begynnyth hunting of the haare: And lastyth till Midsummer there will no man it spare. ¶ The season of the wolf is in each country: At the season of the fox and ever more shall be. ¶ The season of the boor is from the nativity: Till the purification of our lady so free. For at the nativity of our lady sweet: He may find where he gooth under his feet. Both in woods and fields corn and other fruit: when he after food maketh any suit. Crabs and oak corns & nots there they grow: Hawys and heaps and other things enough. That till the purification lastyth as ye se: And maketh the boor in season to be. For while that fruit may last: his time is never paste. ¶ Of the hunting of the haare NOw to speak of the haare how all shall be wrought: when she shall with hounds be founden and sought. The first word to the hounds that the hunt shall out pit Is at the kennel door when he openyth it. That all may him here: he shall say (Arere) For his wounds would come to hastily: That is the first word my son of venery. And when he hath coupled his hounds echoon: And is forth with them to the field goon. And when he hath of cast his couples at will: Then shall he speak and say his hounds till. (Horse de couple avaunt se avaunt) twice so: And thenne (So ho so ho) thrice and no moo. And then say (Sa cy avaunt So ho) I thou pray. And if ye see your hounds have good will to run: And draw awaywarde fro you say as I you ken. (H●rt how amy) again them call so: Then Sweff mon amy sweft) to make them soft thoo. And if any find of the haare there he hath go: And he height Richard or Bemounde to him cry so. Dies a Bemounde le vaillant and I shall you avow: Que quida troum la coward on la court cow. That Bemounde the worthy without any fail: That weeneth to find the coward with the short tail. ¶ And if ye see where the haare at pasture hath been: If it be in the time of the corn green. And if your hounds chase well at your will: Then three motes shall ye blow both loud & shill. There one and there another there he pastured hath: Then say (Illoques illoques) in the same path. So say to them in kind: unto time that ye her find. ¶ And then cast a sign all the field about: To see at her pasture where she hath be in or out. Other at her form for gladly to be she is not not lief: There she hath pastured in time of relief. And any hound find or musing of her mace: There as she hath be and is goon out of that place. (Ha' cy touse cy est ill) so shall ye say: (Venez arer so how sa (also loud as ye may. (Sa cy ad est so how) after that: (Sa sa cy avaunt and thereof be not lat. And when ye see unto the plain her at the last: In field or in erable land or in to the wood paste. And your hound will find of her there then: Say (La douce amy la est a) and do as I you ken. That is to say: sweet friend there is he come low: For to dry here. and therewith ye shall say (So how). (Illoques ey douce aye vayllaunt so how so how then twice Thus may ye now dear sons learn of veneryce. And when ye come there as ye trow he will devil: And so seemeth to you well: then say as I you tell. (La douce la est a venuz) for to devil thore: And therewith thrice (So how (say ye no more. And if it seemeth well you to find all in fere: And ween so to do then say Douce how here how here) (How here douce how here how here) he syttyth: So shall ye say my children and for no ching lettyth. All manner beasts that ever chased be: Have one manner of word (So how) I tell the. To fulfil or unfyll each manner of chaas: The hunt ever more in his mouth that word he haas. And if your hounds at a chase run there ye hunt: And the be'st begin to run as hearts been wont. Or for to hanylon as doth the fox with his guile: Or for to cross as the roo doth otherwhile. Other devil so: that your hounds can not out go Then shall ye say (Hoo sa amy sa la) (A couples la arere so how) such is the play: And (So how) as moche is as (Sa how) to say. But for (So how) is short in speech when it is brought: Therefore say we (So how (but Sa how)) ●aye we naught. And if your hounds chase at heart or at the hare: And they run at default thus ye shall there tear. (I cy so how assayne assayne stou hoho) (Sa assayne arere so how) these words and no moo. And if your hounds run well at fox or at do: And so fail at default say thus ferder or ye go. (Ho ho ore swef aluy douce a luy) that they here: (Ho hoy assayne assayne sa arere) So how so how venez a coupler /and do as I you ken: The more worship may ye have among all men. Your crafts let not be hid: and do as I you bid. All my sons in same: and thus may ye know of game: ¶ The boast that the master hunter maketh to his man now here following ye may here. THe master to the man maketh his boast: That he knowyth by kind what the heart cost. At hunting evermore when he gooth. Quod the man to his master that were good lore: For to know what he doth the hounds before. what doth he quoth the master to the man. He doth quod he even as thou mayst see: (〈◊〉) and so doth no be'st but he. when brekyth he quoth the man what is that to say: with his feet he openeth the earth there he gooth away. what is the cause quod the man master I the pray: That the heart before the hounds when they him hunt ay, That then to the river he wyllyth for to go: Quod the master to the man there are causes two. ¶ For two 〈◊〉 the heart desireth to the river. And ●o●e wandering terms following Descend & other. ¶ Oone cause for the river Descend he is aye: And so he is to the water when he takyth the way. why callyst thou him (Descend) master I the pray: For he peyryth of his might the sooth I the say. another is to the water why he gooth other while: The hounds that him sewen to purpose to beguile. ¶ Yet of this heart quod his man master I would ken: In to the water when he lepyth what he maketh then. He proferyth quod the master and so ye shall say: For he wot not himself yet how he will away. whither over the water he will forpas. Or torn again the same way there he first was. Therefore it is (Profce) as these hunters sayne. And (Reprofce) if the same way he torn again. At that other side of the water if he up start: Then shall ye call it thee (Soul) of the heart. And that is for the water of his legs wet: Down in to the steps there fallen of his feet. Again the water his way even if he hent: Then brekyth he water thereto take you tent. And if with the water go algate you it shall: (Defoulaunt) the water an heart so him call. ¶ Now of the Nomblies merke well the terms. ¶ The man to his master speaketh full blithe: Of the nombles of the heart that he would him hyth. How many ends there shall be them wythinne: Quod the master but one thick nor thin. And that is but the (Gargylyon) to speak of all by dene: And all these other (Croaks) & (Roundelles) been. ¶ The Auauncers. the Forchers. ¶ Yet would I wite and thou wouldest me lore The croaks & the roundelles of the nombles of the dear. One croak of the nombles lieth evermore: Under the throat bowl of the be'st before. That called is (Auauncers) who so can them ken: And the hyndermest part of the nombles then. That is to say thee (Forchers) that lain even between: The two thighs of the best that other crokys even. In the mydref that called is the roundel also: For the sides round about coruen it is fro. My dear sons bold: say of game I thus you told. ¶ Yet would I wite master why these hounds all: Bayen & cryen when they him seche shall. For they would have help that is their skill: For to slay the be'st that they run till. ¶ Tell me master quod the man what is the skill: why the haare would so feign run against the hill. Quod the master for her legs be shorter before: Than behind that is the skill thore. ¶ what is the cause quod the man that men say of that best: That the haare syttyth aye when she takyth her rest. And other beasts lie as comynly men sayne: For two causes quod the master I tell the plain. One is for she hurclys upon her houghes aye: And all other beasts can the side to the groude lay. another cause there is and that is no lees: For she beeryth both suet and pure 'grees. ¶ Yet would I master quod the man feign wite more: where lieth the suet of the hare behind or before. Over the loin quod the master of each hare thou take: Bytwyxe the tail & the chin even on the back. ¶ Yet would I master quod the man these at the lere: when thou walkest in the field with thy lymere. There as an heart pastured hath or that thou him se: To know fat or lene whither that he be. I can quod the master well tell the this caas: wait well where he lay: & where he fumeyed haas. Yolowe and englaymyd if that it be: Then he is fat I the tell learn these of me. And if it be both black & hard and clean: Then he is meegre larbre and lene. And of this same thing if thou leave not me: Take heed in the winter and then thou may it see. ¶ Yet master of the hare feign would I wite more: what he doth when he gooth the hounds before. He Forth & Resorth there he gooth away: Pryckyth & Repryckyth the sooth for to say. But what is that quod the man when they so done: That shall I quoth the master tell the full soon. In the fields where he gooth no ways been: There he forth when he steppyth and it may not be seen. And after when he dowblyth and tornyth again: Then he resorth as good hunters sayne. And when he runneth in the way dry or weet: then men may find Fostalx of clees or of feet. That Pryckyth the hare aye when he doth so: And Repryckyth then if he again go. ¶ A Vauntelay. a Say. and a Relaye. ¶ Master yet quoth the man what is this to say That shall I tell the quod he: for a little byzetes: when the hounds are set an heart for to mete. And other him chasen and followen to take: Then all the (Relays) thou may upon them make. Even at his coming if thou let thy hounds go: while the other that be behind ferre arn him fro. That is (Auauntelay) and so thou shalt it call: For they are then far before those other hounds all. And an hindering great all other until: For they may not that day no more sue at will. And hold thy hounds still if that thou so do: Till all the hounds that be behind be come thereunto. Then let thy hounds all together go: That called is an (Alloy) and look thou say so. And that hindering is yet to them that been behind: For the rested will overgoo the weary by kind. A Relay is after when the hounds are post: Far before with the heart that hieth them fast. To let thy hounds far after them goon: And that is then a furthering to them echoons. For and thine hounds have overtake these other by distress: Then shall they all follow him of one swyfnes. ¶ what is a forloing. ¶ Yet master would I feign thus at you lere: what is a forloing for that is good to here. That shall I say the quod he the sooth at least: when thy hounds in the wood seche any be'st. And the be'st is stoll away out of the frith: Or the hounds that thou haste meten therewith. And any other hounds before: than may with them meet: these other hounds are then forloynyd I the heat. For the be'st and the hounds are so far before: And the hounds behind been weary and sore. So that they may not at the be'st come at their will The hounds before forloyne them and that is the skill. They been aye so far before to me if thou wilt trust: And this is the forloyne lore it if thou lust. ¶ which three things causyth the hounds to endure. ¶ Yet would I wite master if it were thy will: when thy hounds run an heart until. And aye the ferder they go the gladder they been: For three causes quod he oft times is sen. One is when the heart runneth fast on a rees: He swetyth that it runneth down through out his clees. The hounds when they find of that it is sweet: Then are they liefer to run and loather to let. another cause when the heart nigh no more may: Then will he white froth cast there he gooth away. when thy hounds find of that then are they glad: In hope they shall him have and run so radde. The third cause is of the heart when he is nigh deed: Then he castyth out of his mouth froth and blood red. The hounds know that he shall be take soon then: And ever the ferder they go the gladder they run. these are the causes three: that causyth them glad to be: ¶ which be'st a slow hound takyth as soon as a swift ¶ what be'st yet master I axe it for noon ill: That most whole all hounds run until. And also soon the slowest shall him over take. As the swyftyst shall do what way so ever he take. That be'st a bausyn height: a broke or a grey: these three names he hath the sooth for to say. And this is cause thereof: for he will by kind: Go through thorns away the thyckest he may find. There as the swiftest hounds may no ferder go: Then the slowest of foot be he never so through. ¶ why the haare Fumays & Croteys ¶ Yet master would I wite why that men say: That the haare fumays and croteys both plain. And all other manner beasts that hunted be: Femyon or Fenon as we well it see. That shall I well tell the quod the master then: For why that he fumays and croteys well I ken. He femayth for he beareth tallow this is no lees: And he croteys men sayen for he beareth no 'grees. And roukys on his houghes when he lettyth it go: And beasts of such kind find we no moo. ¶ How many beasts Femayen master feign I would lore: And how many Fenon that were good to here. All this to tell quod the master I hold it but light: All beasts that beer tallow and stand upright. Femayen when they do say as I the ken: And all other Fenon that rowken down then. ¶ How many manner beasts of Venery relieve ¶ How many manner beasts yet master me tell Of venery releven by frith or by fell. To this quod the master I shall the answare: Of all beasts but two the heart and the hare. From the annunciation of our lady day: The heart then relevyth the sooth for to say. Till saint Peter's day & Paul and the hare right: From the purification of our lady bright. Till the translation relevyth leave ye me: Of saint Thomas tide of Caunterbure. ¶ To undo the wild boor. ¶ Yet my child of the boor for to speak more: when he shall be undone I tell you before. Two & thirty bredes ye shall of him make: Now will you my sons wite where ye shall them take. The first of them is the heed what ever befall: another is the colere and so ye shall it call. The sheldes on the shoulders thereof shall two be: then either side of the swine departed in three. The pestelles & the gambons depart them two: And two felettes he hath forget not tho. then take his legs & his feet & show your sleight: For they shall of his bredes be counted for eight. Depart the chine in four pieces and no mo: And take there your bredes thirty and two. And fair put the grece when it is take away: In the bledder of the boor my child I you pray. For it is a medicine: for many manner pine. ¶ How ye shall break an heart ¶ And for to speak of the heart while we think on: My child first ye shall him serve when he shall be undone: And that is for to say or ever ye him dight: within his horns to say him upright. At thessay kit him that lords may see: Anon fat or lene whither that he be. Then kit of the cods the belly even fro: Or ye begin him to flee: and thenne shall ye go. At chaulies to begin assoon as ye may: And slit him down even to thassay. And fro the assay even down to the bele shall ye slit: To the pyssyll there the cod was away kit. Then slit the lift leg even first before: And then the lift leg behind or ye do more. And these other legs upon the right side: Upon the same manner slit ye that tide. To go to the cheeks look that ye be priest: And so flee him down even to the breast. And so flee him forth right unto thessay: Even to the place where the cod was kit away. then flee the same wise all that other side: But let the tail of the be'st still thereon bide. Then shall ye him undo my child I you rede: Right upon his own skin & say it on breed. Take heed of the kytting of the same dear: And begin first to make the Erbere. Then take out the shoulders: and slyttyth anon: The belly to the side from the corbyn bone. That is corbyns fee: at the death he will be: Then take out the sewett that it be not lafte: For that my child is good for leech craft. Then put thine hand loftly under the breast bone: And there shall ye take out therber anon. Then put out the paunch /and from the paunch taas: Away lightly the Rate such as he haas. Hoole it with a finger. do as I you ken: And with the blood and the grece fill it then. Look thread that ye have and nedyll thereto: For to sue it with all or ye more do. The small guts then ye shall out pit: From them take the maw: for yete not it. Then take out the liver and say it on the skin: And after that the bledder without more din. Then dress the nombles: first that ye reck: Down the anauncers carve that cleaveth to the neck. And down with the bolthrote put them anon: And carve up the flesh there up to the haunch bone. And so forth the fyllittes that ye up arere: That fallyth to the nombles: and shall be there. with the neries also and sewit that there is: Even to the mydryf that upon him is. Then take down the mydryf from the sides hot: And have up the nombles hole by the bowl throat. In thine hand then them hold. and look and see: That all that longyth them to: together that they be. Then take them to thy brother to hold for tryst: whiles thou them dowblest & dress as the list. Then away the lyghtiss /and on the skin them say: To abide the querre my child I you pray. Then shall ye slit the slough there as the heart lieth: And take away the hairs from it and by slayeth. For such hairs hath his heart: aye it upon: As men may see in the be'st when he is undone. And in the mids of the heart a bone shall ye find: Look ye give it to a lord. and child be kind. For it is kind for many maladies: And in the mids of the heart ever more it lies. Then shall ye kit the skirts the teeth even fro: And after the rag boon kyttyth even also. The forchiss: and the sides even between: And look that your knives aye hearted been: Then turn up the forchis. and frote them with blood: For to save the grece. so do men of good. Then shall ye kit the neck the sides even fro: And the heed fro the neck kyttyth also. The tongue the brain the paunch and the neck: when they wash been well with water of the beck. The small guts to the lyghtiss in the deries: Above the heart of the be'st when thou them reries. with all the blood that ye may get and win: All together shall be take. and laid on the skin. To give your hounds. that called is ywys: The quyrre. above the skin for it eaten is. And who dressyth him so by my counsel: Shall have the left shoulder for his travail. And the right shoulder where so ever he be. Yevyth to the foster for that is his fee. And the liver also of the same be'st: To the fosters knave giveth at the least. The nombles trust in the skin. & hardyll them fast: The sides & the torches together that they last. with the hinder legs. be done so it shall: Then bring it home. and the skin with all. The nombles. & the horns. at the lords gate: Then boldly blow the price. there ate. Your play for to mynne: or that ye come inn. ¶ Explicit dame julyans Bernes doctrine in her book of hunting. ¶ Besties of the chase of the sweet fewte & stinking THere been beasts of the chase: of the sweet fewte. And tho been the Buck: the Do: the Beer: the Reynder: the Elk: the Spyccarde: the Orre: & the Martron. ¶ There been beasts of the chase of the stinking fewte /And they been the Roobucke: and the roe: the Fulmarde: the Fyches the Bawd. the Gray: the Fox the Squyrell: the whytrat: the Sot: and the Pulcatte. ¶ The names of divers manner hounds these been the names of hounds. first there is a Grehouna Bastard: a Mengrell: a Mastif: a Lemor: a Spanyel: Raches Kenetties: Teroures: Butchers hounds: Dunghill dogs: Tryndeltaylles: and Pryckeryd curries: and small ladies popees that bear away the flees & divers small fawtes. ¶ The propritees of a good greyhound. ¶ A greyhound should be heeded like a snake: and necked like a drake: footed like a cat /tayllyd like a rat: syded like a teme: and chynyd like a beam. ¶ The first year he must learn to feed. The second year to field him lead. The third year he is fellow like. The fourth year there is noon syke. The fifth year he is good enough. The sixth year he shall hold the plough. The seventh year he will avail: great bitches for to assaylle. The eight year lyckeladyll. The ninth year cartsadyll. ¶ And when he is common to that year: have him to the Tannere. For the best hound that ever bitch had: at ninth year he is full bad. ¶ The proprytees of a good horse. A Good horse should have xu proprytees and conditions. That is to wite. three of a man. three of a woman. three of a fox. three of an hare: and three of an ass. ¶ Of a man: bold: proud: and hardy. ¶ Of a woman: fair breasted: fair of here: & easy to lip upon ¶ Of a fox: a fair tail: short eeres with a good trot. ¶ Of an haare: a great eye: a dry heed: & well running. ¶ Of an ass: a big chin: a flat leg: & a good hoof. ¶ Well traveled women nor well traveled horse were never good ¶ Arise early /serve god devoutly: and the world besily. Do thy work wisely /give thine alms secretly: go by the way sadly. Ansuere the people demurely /go to thy meet appetydely. sit thereat dyscretly /of thy tongue be not to liberally: arise therefrom temperately. Go to thy souper sobrely /and to thy bed merely: be in thine Inn jocundly. Please thy loan duly /and sleep surely. ¶ Merke well these four things ¶ There been four things principally to be dread of every wise man. The first is the curse of our holy father the pope. The second is thindignation of a prince (Quia indignacon regis vel principis mors est) The third is the favour or the will of a judge. The fourth is slander & the mutation of a commonalty. ¶ Who that maketh in Christmas a dog ●o his larder: And in March a sow to his gardener. And in May a fool of a wise man's counsel: He shall never have good larder. fair garden /nor well kept counsel. ¶ Ferre from thy kinsmen cast thee: wrath not thy neighbours next ¶ In a good corn country threste the And sit down Robin and rest the. ¶ who that buildeth his house all of salowes: And pryckyth a blind horse over the falowes. And suffryth his wife to seek many hallows. God send him the bliss of everlasting gallows. ¶ If these be not directed then go they at adventure. ¶ There been four things full hard for to gnaw: which way that they will draw. The first is the ways of a young man: The second the course of a vessel in the see. The third of an adder or of a serpent sprent. The fourth of a soul sitting on any thing. ¶ Two wives in one house, two catties and one mons: Two dogs & one bone /these shall never accord in one. ¶ who that mannyth him with his kin: And closyth his croft with cherytrees: Shall have many hedges brokynne. And also full little good seruyes. ¶ The companies of beasts & fowls AN Herd of hearts an Herd of all manner dear an Herd of swannnies an Herd of cranies an Herd of corlewies an Herd of wrennys an Herd of harlots. a nigh of fesaunties a Bevy of ladies a Bevy of roes a Bevy of quails a Siege of herons a Siege of bytouries a Sorde or a suit of malardis a Muster of pecockies a walk of snytes a congregation of people an Exalting of larks a watch of nyghtyngalies an host of men a Felyshypping of yeomen a Cherme of goldfynches a Cast of breed a Couple or a payr of botellis a flight of doves an Unkindness of ravens a Clatering of choughes a dissimulation of birds a Rout of knights a Pride of Lions a Slewthe of beeries a Cete of grayes a Bery of conies a riches of martrones a Business of ferettes a Brace of greyhounds of two a Lece of greyhounds of three a Cowple of spanellies a Couple of running houndꝭ a Litter of whelpies a Kyndyll of young catties a singular of boors a Drift of tame swine an Harrasse of horse. a Rag of colties or a Rake a Baren of malices a Trip of get a Trip of haaries a Gagle of geys a Broad of hennys a Badeling of dokies a Noonpacyens of wives a Scate of princes a though of barons a Prudence of vycaryes a Superfluity of nonnys a Scole of clerks a Doctrine of doctors a Converting of preachers a Sentence of judges a Dampning of juryours a Diligence of messengers an obeisance of servants a Cete of ussheries a draft of Buttelers a Proud showing of tailors a Temperance of cokies a Stalk of fosters a Boast of sadyours a Laughtre of ostelers a Glozing of taverners a Malapertness of peddlers a thrave of throsshers a Squatte of daubers a Fighting of beggars an Untruth of sompners a Melody of harpers a Powerty of pipers a Subtlety of sergauntes a Tabernacle of bakers a Drift of fishers a Disgysing of tailors a Bleche of souters a Smere of coryours a cluster of grapes a cluster of chorlies a Rage of maidens a Rafull of knaves a Blusshe of boys an Vncredybylyte of cocoldes a Covey of partridges a Spring of telies a Desserte of lapwynges a Fall of wodcockes a congregation of plovers a covert of coats a Duel of turtylles a Tygendis of pies an Host of sparrows a Swarm of bees a Cast of hawkis of the tour two a Lece of the same hawkys three a Flight of goshawkys a Flight of swallows a building of rokies a murmuration of stars a Rout of wolves a Lepe of leberdes a Shrewdenes of apes a Skulk of thevies a Skulk of foxes a Nest of rabetties a Labour of mollies a Mute of hounds a Kenell of rachys a Suit of a lyam a Cowardness of curries a Sourde of wild swine a Stood of maaries a Pace of asses a drove of neat a Flock of sheep a Gagle of women a Pepe of chekyns a Multyplyeng of husbands a Pontifycalyre of prelates a Dignity of canons a Charge of curates a discretion of presties a Skull of freres a bomynable sight of monkis a School of fish an Example of masters an Obseruans of hermits an Eloquens of lawyers an execution of officers a Faith of merchants a provision of steward of house a Kerff of panteres a Credens of seweris an Vnbrewing of carvers a safeguard of porters a Blast of hunters a Thretening of courteyers a Promise of tapsters a Lyenge of pardoners a misbelief of painters a Lash of carters a Scolding of kempters a wondering of Tinkers a waywardness of haywardes a worship of writers a Neverthrinuing of jogolers a Fraunch of millers a Feast of brewer's a Goring of bouchers a Trynket of coruesers a Plocke of shoturners a Drunkship of Cobblers a Sculke of foxes a cluster of nots A rage of the teeth a Rascal of boys a Disworship of scots ¶ Explicit ¶ Here follow the dew terms to speak of breaking or dressing of divers beasts & fowls. etc. And the same is showed of certain fishes A Dere broken a Goose reared a Pig headed & sided a Capon sauced a chicken frushed a Coney unlaced a Crane dysplayed a Curlewe unjointed a Pheasant alet a quail winged a Plover mynsyd a Pegeon thyghed Brawn leeched a Swan lift a Lamb shouldered a Kid shouldered an hen spoiled a Malarde unbraced an Heron dismembered a Peacock dysfygured a Byttoure untachyd a Partryche alet a Raale breasted a woodcock thyghed an Egg tyryd a Fire timbered ¶ Now of fishes A Salmon chynyd a Pike splattyd an Hadoke sydyd a Cheven fynnyd a Sole loynyd a Gurnarde chynyd a Tench sauced an Eel trousonyd a Breme splayed a Barbyll tuskyd a Trought gobettyd ¶ You shall say thus An Heart herbouryth a Buck lodgyth an Esquire lodgyth a roe beddyth a Yeoman beddyth an haare in her form should ring or lening a Coney sitting a woodcock breaking HEre now following shall be showed all the shires & the bishoprics of the realm of England. And ye shall understand that the shires been written before/ & the bishop riches of the same are written following next after. and thenne afterward are showed the provinces of this land. ¶ Kent) Caunterbury) Rochestre ¶ Southsex) Chychestre ¶ Haampshyre) Surrey) wynchestre. ¶ Wylteshyre) Barkeshyre) Salisbury. ¶ somerset shire) Dorset shire) Bath. ¶ Deven shire) Cornwall) Exastur. ¶ Essex) Myddylsex) London. ¶ Norfolk) Southfolke) Norwyche. ¶ Cambrydgeshyre) Ely. ¶ Laycetre) Huntyngdon) Northampton) Hertforde) Bedford Bokyngham) Oxenford) Lyncoln) Lyncoln. ¶ Gloucetre) worcetre) wygorn. ¶ Herfordshyre) Herdforde. ¶ Cheshire) Shropshyre) part of Lancasshyre) Chestre. ¶ Yorkeshyre) Stafforde shire) Darbyshyre) Notynghamshyre. and other as part of) Lancastreshyre) York. ¶ provinces of England. ¶ Caunterbury: York: Stafforde: Derby: Notyngham: Northumbrelonde: Durham: westmerlonde: Tyndale: Karlyle. A Faithful friend would I feign find To find him there. he might be found But now is the world. wext so unkind the friendship is fall. to the ground (Now a friend I have found That I will nother. ban ne curse But of all friends. in field or town Ever gramercy. mine own purse My purse it is. my privy wife This song I dare. both sing and say It partyth men. of moche strife when every man. for himself shall pay (As I ride in rich array For gold & silver. men will me flouryssh By this matter. I dare well say Ever gramercy. mine own purse As I ride with gold so rede And have to do. with lands law Men for my money. will make me speed And for my goods. they will me gnaw Moore and less. to me will draw Both the better. and the worse By this matter. I say in saw Ever gramercy. mine own purse It fell by me. upon a tyme. ¶ As it hath do by many one mo My horse my neat. my sheep my swine And all my goods. they fell me fro I went to my friends and told them so And home again. they bad me truss I said again. when I was woe Ever gramercy. mine own purse Therefore I rede you. sires all To assay your friends. or ye have need For and ye come down and have a fall Full few of them. for you will greed Therefore. assay them everychane ¶ Both the better and the worse Our lord that shop. both son and moan Send us spending. in our purse AMEN HEre in this book following is determined the lineage of armours: and how gentlemen shall be known from ungentylmen. And how bondage began first in angel and after succeeded in mankind. as it is showed in process both in the children of Adam and also of Noe. And how No divided the world in three parties to his three sons. Also there been showed the ix colours in arms figured by the ix orders of angels. And it is showed by the foresaid colours which been worthy and which been rial, And of rigalytees which be noble and which been excellent. Also been showed here the virtues of chyvalry and many other notable and famous things to the pleasure of noble persons shall be showed as the works following wytnessen who some ever liketh to see them and rede them: which were to long now to rehearse. And after these notable things aforesaid followeth the blazing of all manner arms in latin: frensshe: and englysshe. ¶ Incipit liber armorum. Being in worthiness arms for to beer by the rial blood in ordinance all noble & gentlemen from the highest degree to the lowest in this book shall be showed/ & to desevere gentleness from ungentleness /In so much that all gentleness cometh of god of heaven. At heaven I will begin where were ten orders of angels: and now stand but ix in cote armours of knowledge encrowned full high with precious stones: where Lucifer with millions of angels out of heaven fell unto hell & other places/ & been hold there in bondage. And all were created in heaven of gentle nature. A bond man or a churl will say all we been comen of Adam /So Lucifer with his company may say all we been comen of heaven. ¶ Adam the beginning of mankind was as a stock unsprayed & unflourished. & in the branches is knowledge which is totyn & which is green. ¶ How gentlemen shall be known from churls: & how they first began. And how No divided the word in three parties to his three sons. ¶ Now for to divide gentlemen fro churls in haste it shall be proved. ¶ There was never gentleman nor churl ordained bikinde but he had father & mother. Adam & Eve had nother father nor mother. And in the sons of Adam & Eve were found both gentleman and churl. By the sons of Adam and Eve: Seth Abel and Cayn divided was the rial blood fro the ungentle A brother to slay his brother contrari to the law: where might be more ungentleness. By that died Cayn become a churl and all his offspring after him by the cursing of god and his own father Adam. And Seth was made a gentleman thorough his father and mothers blessing. And of the offspring of Seth No come a gentleman by kind. ¶ Noe had three sons begotten by kind. By the mother twain were named Cham and Sem. And by the father the third was named jafeth. Yet in these three sons gentleness & ungentleness was found. ¶ In Cham ungentleness was found to his own father done to discover his brevities and laughing his father to scorn. ¶ jafeth was the youngest and reprevid his brother. then like a gentleman take mind of Cham: For his ungentleness he was become a churl: and had the cursing of god and his father Noe. And when No awoke he said to Cham his son: Knowest not thou how it become of Cayn Adams son: and of his churlysshe blood. All the world is drowned save we eight /And now of the to begin ungentleness & a cause to destroy us all: upon the it shall be. and so I pray to god that it shall fall /Now to the I give my curse wicked caytyf for ever. & I give to the the North part of the world to draw thine inhabitation /For there shall it be: where sorrow and care cold & mischief as a churl thou shalt have in the third part of the world: Vhiche shall be called Europa. That is to say the country of churls. ¶ jafeth come hither my son thou shalt have my blessing dear in stead of Seth Adams son I make the a gentleman. to the west part of the world: and to the Occident end where as wealth & grace shall be: there thine habitation shall be: to take that other third part of the world which shalbe called Alia That is to say: the country of gentlemen. ¶ And Sem my son also a gentleman I the make to multyplye Abellies blood that so wickedly was slain. Thorient thou shalt take that other third part of the world: which shall be called Africa: That is to say the country of temperance. ¶ Of the offspring of the gentle jafeth come Abraham: Moses: Aaron: & the prophets. and also the king of the right line of Mary /of whom that gentle Jesus' was born very god & man after his manhood king of the land of Jude & of jews gentleman by his mother Mary prince of armure. ¶ How long cote armours were begun afore the incarnation of our lord Ihesu christ. ¶ jafeth made first Barget/ & therein he made a ball in token of all the world. And after two thousand year & eighteen before the incarnation of christ /cote armours was made & figured at the siege of Troy: where in gests troianorun it tellyth. Yt the first beginning of the law of arms was. the which was effygured & begun before any law of the world: but the law of nature. and before the ten commandments of god. ¶ And this law of arms was grounded upon the ix orders of angels in heaven encrowned with ix diverse precious stonies of colours and of virtues divers. Also of them are figured the ix colours in arms. as in number to begin the first stone is called Topasion. Primus lapis ¶ The first stone is called Topasion signifying gold in arms. ¶ This stone Topasion is a semi stone: and gold it is called in arms. The virtue thereof is: that the gentleman the which this stone in his cote armure beareth a sure messenger in his king's battle shall be. The which stone is reserved in the angels crown that was a true messenger & a sure in his kings battle of heaven when they faughte with Lucifer. Secundus lapis ¶ The second stone is called Smaragdus a gravely stone: signifying vert in arms ¶ The second stone is called Smaragdus: a gravely stone. & vert it is called in arms. The virtue thereof is: that the gentleman man the which in his cote armure it beeryth: keen & hardy in his king's battle shallshall. The which stone is rescued in the archangels crown that was keen and hardy in his king's bacayse of heaven when they fought with lucifer. Tercius lapis ¶ And this stone is called bruske colore in arms ¶ The third stone is called an Ametisce a dusketly stone brusk i● is called in arms The virtue thereof is: that he the which be rich in his Cotearmur that stone. fortunable of wictory in his kings battle shall be. which stone is reserved to the virtutis crown that was fortunable and victorious in his king's battle or heaven when they fought with lucifer: ¶ Quartus lapis ¶ And this stone is called plumbi colour in armis: ¶ The four stone is called a Margarete a cloudy stone Plumby it is called in arms. The virtue thereof is what gentleman that in his cotearmure that stone beareth great governance of chivalry in his kings battle he shall have. the which stone is reserved in the potestatis crown that was chivalrous of governance in his king's battle of heaven when they fought with lucifer ¶ Quintus lapis ¶ A joys is called synamer or sanguein in armis. ¶ The: v. stone is called a Joys. a sanguein stone or synamer it is called in arms. The virtue thereof is. the gentymen that in his cote arrmure this stone beareth mightiful of power in his kings battle shall be. the which stone was reserved in dominacionis crown that was mightiful of power in his kings battle of heaven when they fought with Lucifer ¶ Sextus lapis ¶ And this stone is called gowlies in arms ¶ The vi stone is called a Ruby a redly stone. gowlysit is called in armis. The virtue thereof is. the gentleman that in his Coat armure that stone beareth hot and full of courage in his king's battle shall be. the which stone is reserved in the princypatis crown that was hot brenning as fire in his king's battle of heaven when they fought with Lucifer. ¶ Septimus lapis ¶ A blue stone it is & it is called azure in arms ¶ The vii stone is called a Sapphire a blue stone Azure it is called in arms. The virtue thereof is the gentlemen that in their cote armure beer that stone wise & virtuous in their working in their king's battle shall be. the which is reserved to Tronus crown that was wise & virtuous in his king's battle of heaven when they fought with Lucifer. ¶ Octauus lapis ¶ This stone is black and it is called Sabyll. ¶ The eight stone is a Diamond: a black stone /Sable it is called in arms. The virtue thereof is: what gentleman that in his cote armure that stone beeryth: durable and unfaynt in his king's battle shall be. The which stone was rescued in the Cherubins crown that was durable & unfaynt in his kings battle of heaven: when they faughte with Lucifer. ¶ Nonus lapis ¶ A shining stone and is called silver in arms ¶ The ninth stone is called Carbuncle a shining stone. silver it is called in arms. The virtue thereof is: what gentleman that in his cote armure this stone beeryth: full doughty glorious & shining in his king's battle he shall be. The which stone was rescued in the Seraphyns crown: that was full doughty glorious & shining in his kings battle of heaven when they fought with Lucifer. ¶ Of the divers colours for the field of cotearmuries five been worthy and four been rial. THere been ix divers colours for the field of cote armours u worthy & four rial. The .v. worthy been these: Gold Verte Brusk Plumby & Syname. And the four rial been these: Gowlies Azure Sable & Silver. But now after blasours of arms there been but vi colours of the which two been metal & four colours. Gold & silver for metal. Verte: gowles: azure & sable for colours. And these been used & no moo. ¶ Of ix precious stones .v. been noble & four of dignity ¶ There been ix precious stones .v. noble & four of dignity. The u noble stones be these Topasion Smaragmat Amatisce Margaret & Aloys. The four of dignity been these: Ruby Sapphire Diamond and Carbuncle. ¶ Of th'order of angels .v. been hierarchy & four Tronly ¶ There been ix orders of angels .v. jerarchye and four Tronly ¶ The five hierarchies been these: Angels Archangels Virtutes Potestates & Dominacomes. The four Tronly been these: Principatus Trony Cherubin & Seraphyn. ¶ five of the dignities of regalyte been noble & four etc. ¶ There been ix dignities of regalyte; five noble & four excellent. The five noble been these: gentleman Squire knight Baron & Lord. And four excellent been these: Earl Mark Duke and Prince. ¶ Nine virtues of precious stones ¶ Nine virtues of precious stones been there: five general & four special. The five general been these. A sure messenger keen & hardy: fortunate of victory: chivalrous of governance & myghtfull of power. The four special been these: hot of courage: wise & ready: & virtuous in werkinge: durable & unfaynt: full doughty and glorious shining. ¶ The four virtues of chivalry. ¶ Four virtues of chyvalry been there. The first is just in his behests: cleanness of his person: petty to have of the poor to be gracious to his prisoner: to be reverent & faithful to his god. The second is that he be wise in his battle: prudent in his fighting: knowing & having mind in his wits. The third is that he be not slow in his wars: look before that his quarrel be true: thank god ever of his victory: & for to have measure in his sustenance. The fourth is to be strong & steadfast in his governance: to hope to have the victory: & void not fro the field: & not to shame his cotearmure. Also that he be not to bostefull of his manhood. Look that he be curteys lowly & gentle & without ribaldry in his language. ¶ Here shall be showed the ix articles of gentleness five of them are amorous and four sovereign. ¶ There been ix articles of gentleness: and of them .v. been amorous and four sovereign. The five amorous gentleness been these. Lordly of countenance treatable in language wise in his answer Perfyghte in governance: And cheerful to faithfulness. The four sovereign gentleness been these: Few oaths in swearing Boxom to goddies bidding Knowing his own birth in beering. and to dread his sovereign to fiend ¶ There been ix vices contrary to gentlemen. ¶ There been ix vices contrary to gentlemen of the which .v. been indetermynable & four determynable. The five indeterminable been these: one to be full of sloth in his wars: another to be full of boast in his manhood: the third to be full of cowardness to his enemy: the fourth to be full of lechery in his body. and the fifth to be full of drinking & dronkelewe. There been four determynable: one is to revoke his own challenge: another to slay his prisoner with his own hands: the third to void from his sovereigns banner in the field: and the fifth to tell his sovereign false tales. ¶ There been ix inestimable reioyenges in arms. ¶ The ix inestimable reioyenges of arms been these ¶ first is a gentleman to be made a knight in the field at battle: The second is livelihood of him to receive after manhood: The third is chyvalry to do before his sovereign: The fourth is ambassate to be put in his hand for wisdom: The fifth is proves of knighthood done before aliens in honour of renown. These been called in arms the .v. antentyke: now folowyth the four ending stremytallis personal: The first is a poor knight to be married to the blood rial: The second is to have thank of his sonerayne perpetual: The third is to keep his cotearmure unshamed in trial: And the fourth is to keep all poyntis of his knighthood as (gestis troianorun) declareth. ¶ Know ye that these two orders were. first wedlock & then knighthood: and knighthood was made before cotearmure was ordained ¶ There was noon other order but two: wedlock first & knighthood after. A knight was made before any cotearmure. & Olybyon was the first knight that ever was: Asteryall his father come by the right line of that gentleman jafeth & saw the people multiply & had no governourꝭ & the cursed people of Sem warrayed against them: Olybyon was the strengest & the manliest man in his tyme. And the people cried on Olybyon to be their master & their governor. A thousand men were then multiplied of japhethis line. Asteriall made to his son a garland about his heed of ix divers precious stonies in tokening of chyvalry to be a governor of. M. men/ & to this day the kings have his name in latin: that is to say: the governor of. M. Olybion kneeled to Asteryall his father and asked his blessing Asteryall took Olybyons' sword that was japhethes falcon that Tubal made before the flood: and smote flatling ix times upon the right shoulder of Olybyon in tokening of the ix virtues of the foresaid precious stones: and gave him his blessing with a charge to keep the nine virtues of charity now following as ye shall here/ ¶ these been the charges or articles that every knight should observe and keep by the dignity of his order/ & they been nine: five temporal & four ghostly/ ¶ There be five temporal virtues & four ghostly virtues of charity /the five temporal virtues been these /He shall not torn his back to his enemy for to flee /The second is that he shall truly hold his promise to his friend & also to his foo. The third is he shall be free of meet and drink to all his main about him /The fourth is he shall uphold maidens right. The fifth is that he shall hold up widows right /these been the four virtues of charity ghostly /The first is he shall honour his father and his mother /The second is he shall do noon harm to the poor /The third is he shallbe merciful /The fourth is he shall hold with the sacrifice of the great god of heaven. And then Asteryall died make to Olybyon a target of olive tree with three corners: two above his face and one down to the ground ward /in tokening that this Olybion was the cheyf of all the blood of the three sons of No /By the olive tree he understood victory for to win /By the point of his target to the ground the cursed brother Cham /By the corner of his target above fertherest that other brother Sem /That other corner next to himself betokeneth that gentleman japheth the blessed brother of whom god & man come by right line/ ¶ The manner of knyghthodes been two: one with the Sword another with the Bath/ ¶ There been two manner of knyghthodes one with the sword & another with the bath /The bath is the worthiest by cause of four royalties. One is when an unagyd prince is made knight or be crowned king /The second is when a king or an Emperor is crowned /The third is when a Queen or an Emperese is crowned. The iiii. is when a King or an Emperor cometh to speak with an other of divers lands/ ¶ Nine manner of gentlemen there been. ¶ There is a Gentleman of Auncetre and of blood ¶ And there is a Gentleman of blood ¶ There is a Gentleman of Cootearmure: and thoos de iii Oon of the Kyngys' bag. pi_d of lordship. And the third is of the killing of a Saryson ¶ And there is a gentleman untryall ¶ And there is a gentleman Ypocrafet ¶ And there is a gentleman spiritual ¶ There is also a gentleman sperytuall and temporal and all they been more plainly declared in this book: ¶ gentlemen be called four manner of wise one of awncetrees and iii of Cotearmure. ¶ There be four diverse manner of gentlemen Oon his agentylman of awncetrees. which must nediss be a gentleman of blood. There be iii gentlemen of Cotearmure and not of blood one is a gentleman of Cotearmure of the kings bag that is to say his advise by an herawd I goven. another gyntylman of Cotearmure is and not of blood a king giving a lordship to a young man under his seal of patent to him and to his heyes for evermore he may were a Cotarmure of the same lordship: The third his a yeoman christened if he kill a gentleman sarsyn he may were the sarsinies Cotarmure and no sarsyn a sarsynis cotarmure neither crystennys cotarmure by fighting in no wise Yet some men say that a christian man overcoming a christian man fighting in the list shall bear the cotarmure of him that is overcomyn. Or if a sovereign king make of a yeoman a knight the same knight is a gentleman of blood by the royalty of the king and of knyghthood. ¶ A gentleman spiritual. ¶ There is a gentleman a churl son a pressed to be made and that is a spiritual gentleman to god and not of blood /But if a gentylmannies son be made priest he is a gentleman both spiritual & temporal. Criste was a gentleman of his mother be half and bore cotarmure of aunseturies. The four Evangelists beareth witness of Cristis warkies in the cospel with all thapostle. They were jews & of gentlemen come by the right line of that worthy conqueror judas Machabeus. But after by succession of time the kynted fell to poverty after the destruction of judas Machabeus. And then they fell to labours: & were called no gentlemen. And the four doctors of holy church. saint jerom: Ambrose: Augustyn: and Gregory were gentlemen of blood and of cote armuries. ¶ Also the divisions of cote armours been ix /That is to wite. five perfit: and four unperfyte THere been ix divisions of cote armours. five perfit. & four unperfyte. The five perfit been these. Termynall Collateral: Abstrakte: Fyxall: & Bastard. ¶ difference Enbording. ¶ Termynall is called in arms all the brethren of right line hither by father or by mother may beer the right heirs cote armure with a difference called Enbording ¶ difference jewmews' ¶ Collateral is called in arms the sons of the brethren of the right heir bearing the cote armuries of their faders with a difference jemews. ¶ difference molet ¶ Fyxall in arms is called the third degree by the right line fro the right heir by line male. They may beer their faders cote armure with a difference molet. ¶ difference Countertrevys ¶ The bastard of fixall shall beer his faders Coat armure to untertrevys. That is to say what so ever he beareth in his field he shall bear in the colours divers and no more. ¶ How there been four cote armuries inperfyte and been born without difference. ¶ There been four cote armours unperfyte. and been bornwith out difference. The first cote armure is if a lordship aforesaid be given under patent by the king. and if he die without heir his cote armure is done. ¶ The second is the cote armure of the king's yefte if he day without heir his cote armure is done. And if these two cote armours have yssewe forth. the fifth degree of them bearing line by male been gentlemen of blood by law of arms. ¶ The third cotearmure of the sarrasyn if the christian man day without yssewe his cotearmure is done. And if he had yssewe forth unto the fifth degree from him by right line of yssewe male he is a gentleman of blood. ¶ The fourth coteamure of the chief blood if he die without any issue the hole cotearmure is lost /then it fallyth to be a cotearmure of thimperfect bearing with a dyffrerence. ¶ All the bastardies of all cotearmures shall bear a fez /Some call it a baston of one of the four dignities of colours. except the bastard of the fyxiales & the bastard of the brethren of the cheyf blood where theritance is departed to everich brother ylyke much: these bastards shall add more bagy to their arms or take away a bagy of arms. ¶ Note here well who shall give cotearmures ¶ There shall noon of the ix orders of regalyte but all only the sovereign king give cotearmure. For that is to him impropered by law of arms. And yet the king shall not make a knight without a cotearmure before. ¶ Every knight cheyfteyn in the field may make a cotearmure knight. ¶ In how many places a knight may be made. ¶ A knight is made in five divers places. In musturing in land of wars. In sembling under banners. In lysties of the bathe. And at the sepulchre. ¶ A lassed cotearmure is on the mothers part ¶ A lassed cotearmure is called the cote of a gentlewoman having livelihood wedded to a man having no cotearmure. her son may were her cotearmure with a difference of arms during his life by the courtesy of the law of arms. And his son shall noon bear but so be that the gentlewoman be heir or next of blood to the cotearmure. Or else being her birth of the blood rial: & then shall her heir bear her cotearmure. ¶ How gentlemen been made of gromys that be not cotearmure neither blood: and they be called untryall and apocryfate as it showeth following. ¶ There been two divers gentlemen made of grooms: that been not gentlemen of cotearmure nother of blood. One is called in arms a gentlemen untryall: that is to say made up among religious men: as priors abottꝭ or bishops. That other is called in arms a gentleman Apocryfate: that is to say made up & given to him the name & the livery of a gentleman. ¶ In arms been vi differences: that is to say two for excellent and four for noblesse. ¶ There been vi differences in arms: two for thexcellent & four for the nobles. Label & Enborduring for lords. jemwes. Molett /Flower-de-luce & Quyntfoyles for the nobles. ¶ In blazing of arms been ix quadratties: that is to say .v. quadrate fynyall and four rial. IN blazing of arms there been ix quadrattꝭ for to consydre .v. quadrat finiall & four rial. V. quadrate finiall been these: Gereri: Gerundi: Fretly: Geratly: & Endently. ¶ Gereri is called in arms when cotrarmures are ix quarters divers colours. ¶ Gerundi is called in arms when the cote armure is of ix divers colours: & a fusitarget within the cotearmure of what colour that it be of. ¶ Fretly is called in arms when the cotearmure is countersesyd. ¶ Geratly is called in arms when the cotearmure is powdered. But a blasour shall not say he beareth ermen: silver powdered with ermen /But he shall say he beareth ermen: or else in some arms he must say demi ermen: which is to say whytly ermen. ¶ In so much that in the fifth quadrat finiall it is determined of the tokens of arms: or I proceed to it is showed what manner of token a gentleman may were. ¶ A gentleman may not were tokens of arms but of steyning colour: that is to say his cotearmure ynyat or else I gerat with precious stonies. ¶ Geratting have ix bags of cotearmures. first with crosletties. And of them there been four divers. and those been these. ¶ Cros fyxyly. Cros paty: Cros crosletties: & Cros flory ¶ The second bag is flourdelyce. ¶ The third bag is rosletties. ¶ The fourth bag is prymarose. ¶ The fifth bag is quynfolies. ¶ The sixth bag is diaclies. ¶ The seventh bag is chappeletties. ¶ The eight bag is moletties. ¶ And the ninth bag is cressaunties /that is to say half the moan. these been powderegys' of cotearmuries. ¶ The fifth quadrate is called Endently of three divers ways /that is to say Bebally Lentally & Fyesly. ¶ Bebally is called in arms when a cotearmure is called indented of two divers colours in the length of the cotearmure ¶ Lentally is called in arms when the cotarmure is endentid with two divers colours in the beard of the cotarmure. ¶ Fyesly is called in arms three manner ways: Fesy bagy: Fesy target: and Fesy general. ¶ Fesy bagy is when tokens of arms be dissevered from the cheyf of the cotarmure to right spleyer in the field. ¶ Fesy target is when a scogion or an engislet is made in the mydyll of the cotarmure. ¶ Fesy general is called in arms when the cotarmure is indented with two divers colours from the last point of the cotarmure to the spleyer. ¶ The cheyf is called in arms the mids of the cotarmure of the right side. ¶ Q●uadrat is called in arms when the field is set with some token of arms. ¶ A quadrant fynyall is called in arms when the field is discoloured with tokens of arms having no be'st in the field. ¶ A quadrant rial is called when the field occupieth the token of a be'st or any other token set within the cotarmure to the number of .v. ¶ The first quadrant is one token of arms allonly set and what after his birth he beeryth. ¶ The second quadrant rial is bearing in his cotarmur three things called the tokens of arms /that is to say three flower delice: three phylcyals: three roses: three chapplettes: three lebardꝭ three lions. And so the fourth quadrat rial is to beer a be'st raunpande: bebally: letally: and fessely. ¶ Here shall be showed what cotarmures Restriall been/ & where the blazer shall begin to blaze. Three cotarmures been there called restryall in arms. One is when a cotarmure is barry of divers colours to the point. and what colour the point be of the point is the field. There the blazer shall begin. ¶ The second cotarmure restryall is called in arms when a cotarmure is paly of divers colours to the point. And what pale meddle in the point: that colour is the field. The blazer shall blaze from that colour to the next colour pals. ¶ The third cotarmure restryall is called in arms when a cotarmure is sentry of divers colours to the point. And what sentry mydyll in the point that colour is the field. The blazer shall blaze from that colour to the next colour of the left side of the cotarmure and blaze the colour sentry. ¶ Merke what sentre: fixall: mangis: gorgys' and other divers here now following been called in arms. ¶ A sentre in arms is called staker of tents. ¶ Fyxiall in arms been called myllars pikes. ¶ Mangies been called in arms a sleeve. ¶ Gorgys' been called in arms water bowgies. ¶ Elynellis been called in arms four quadrantis tr●●ch●ll●. ¶ Ogys been called in arms gonstonies. ¶ Tortlettis been called in arms wastel. ¶ Dyaclis been called in arms scopprellies. ¶ Myrris been called in arms mirrors or glasses. ¶ Feons been called in arms broad a-row heads. ¶ Trunks been called in arms any beasts heeds or necks kit chaungykly asondre. ¶ Demi is called in arms half a be'st in the field. ¶ Countretrevys is called in arms when half the be'st is of one colour and that other half of an other colour. ¶ any cotarmure that beeryth a cross to the point: the point is the field. As saint George beeryth gollis four anglettꝭ of silver. But against this rule some blasers of arms repungne as it is showed in the book of blazing of arms. ¶ these three terms Of &. with. shall not be tehercyd in armꝭ but once any of them. ¶ There been three divers beerynges of fields. ¶ divers beerynge of fields there been. One is beering h●le field. It is called in arms Claury. ¶ The second is beering two fields. It is called in arms Counterly. ¶ The third is beering two fields in four quarters. It is called in arms Quarterly. ¶ There been three cotarmures grytty ¶ Three cotarmures grytty there been in arms. One is called Checky /that is when the field is chekyrde with divers colours. ¶ The second is called Windy /that is to say: when the field is made like wawes of one colour: or of divers colours. ¶ The third is called Weary: when the field is made like go boletties of divers colours. ¶ In arms been two pynyons. Also it shewyth sawtry: clawry: counterly. & quarterly been with other. ¶ There been in arms called two pynyons. One is when the field is a sawtry Saint Andrew's cross may be clawri: counterly: quarterly. ¶ Clawry is called plain of one colour. ¶ Counterly is when colours quarterly been two colours set in two quarteris. ¶ The second pynyon is called Cheffrounce: that is a couple of sparys. And that may be: clawry: counterly: quarterly: gerery. and byally. ¶ Gereri is when three cheffrounce been together or moo. ¶ Byall is called when a bar is between two cheffrounce. ¶ Here we shall make an end of the most special things of the book of the lineage of cote armuries: and how gentlemen shall be known from ungentylmen. And consequently shall follow a compendyous treatise of fishing with an angle /which is right necessary to be had in this present volume: by cause it showeth afore the manner of hawking & hunting with other divers matters right necessary to be known of noble men and also for it is one of the disports that gentlemen use. And also it is not so labororyous ne so dishonest to fish in this wise as it is with nets & other engines which crafty men done use for their daily increase of goods. ¶ Here begynnyth the treatise of fishing with an Angle. depiction of angling SAlamon in his parablies saith that a good spirit maketh a flowering age /that is a fair age & a long. And sith it is so: I ask this question/. which been the means & the causes that induce a man in to a merry spirit: Truly to my best discretion it seemeth good disports & honest gamys in whom a man joyeth without any repentance after. Thenne folowyth it that good disports & honest games been cause of man's fair age & long life. And therefore now will I choose of four good disports & honest gamys /that is to wite: of hunting: hawking: fishing: & fouling. The best to my simple discretion which is fishing: called Angling with a rod: and a line and an hook /And thereof to treat as my simple wit may suffice: both for the said reason of Solomon and also for the reason that phisyk maketh in this wise (¶ Si tibi deficiant medici medici tibi fiant: Hec tria mens leta labour & moderata dieta. ¶ Ye shall understand that this is for to say /If a man lack leech or medicine he shall make three things his leech & medicine: and he shall need never no moo. The first of them is a merry thought. The second is labour not outrageous. The third is diet measurable. first that if a man will ever more be in merry thoughts and have a glad spirit: he must eschew all contraryous company & all places of debate where he might have any occasions of malencoly. And if he will have a labour not outrageous he must thenne ordain him to his her 'tis ease and pleasance without study pensyfnesse or travail a merry occupation which may rejoice his heart: & in which his spirits may have a merry delight. And if he will be dieted measurably he must eschew all places of ryotte which is cause of surfeit and of sickness /And he must draw him to places of sweet air and hungry: And eat nourishable meets and dyffyable also. NOw then will I describe the said disports and gamys to find the best of them as verily as I can /all be it that the right noble and full worthy prince the duke of York late called master of game hath described the mirths of hunting like as I think to describe of it and of all the other. For hunting as to mynentent is to laborious /For the hunter must alway run & follow his hounds: traveylling & sweting full sore. He blowyth till his lips blister And when he weeneth it be an hare full often it is an hag hog Thus he chasyth and wot not what. He cometh home at even rain beaten pricked: and his clotheses torn wet should all miry Some hound lost: some surbat. Such griefs & many other hapyth unto the hunter /which for dyspleysaunce of them that love it I dare not report. Thus truly me seemeth that this is not the best disport and game of the said four. The disport and game of hawking is laborious & noyous also as me seemeth. For often the fawkener loseth his hawks as the hunter his hounds. Thenne is his game & his disport goon. Full often crieth he & whystelyth till that he be right evil a thirst. His hawk taketh a bow and list not ones on him reward. when he would have her for to flee: then will she bathe. with miss feeding she shall have the Fronse: the Rye: the Cray and many other sicknesses that bring them to the Souse. Thus by prouff this is not the best disport & game of the said four. The disport & game of fowling me seemeth most simple For in the winter season the fowler spedyth not but in the most hardest and coldest weather: which is grievous. For when he would go to his gins he may not for cold. Many a gynne & many a snare he maketh. Yet soryly doth he far. At morn tide in the dew he is weet should unto his tail. Many other such I could tell: but dread of magre maketh me for to leave. Thus me seemeth that hunting & hawking & also fowling been so laborious and grievous that noon of them may perform nor by very mean that induce a man to a merry sp●●●te: which is cause of his long life according unto the said pr●●●●be of Solomon. ¶ Dowteles thenne folowyth it that it must needs be the disport of fishing with an angle. For all other manner of fysshing is also laborious & grievous: often making folks full weet & cold /which many times hath be seen cause of grece Infirmities. But the angler may have no cold nor no disease nor anger /but if he be causer himself. For he may not lose at the most but a line or an hook: of which he may have store plenty of his own making /as this simple treatise shall teach him. So thenne his loss is not grievous. and other greyffes may he not have /saving but if any fish break away after that he is take on the hook /or else that he catch naught: which been not grievous. For if he fail of one he may not fail of another /if he doth as this treatise techyth: but if there be naught in the water. And yet atte the least he hath his wholesome walk and merry at his ease. a sweet air of the sweet savour of the meed flowers: that maketh him hungry. He heareth the melodyous armony of fowls. He seethe the young swans: heerons: ducks: coats and many other fowls with their brodes. /which me seemeth better than all the noise of hounds: the blasts of horns and the scrye of foulis that hunters: fawkeners & fowlers can make. And if the angler take fish: surely then is there no man merrier than he is in his spirit. ¶ Also who so will use the game of angling: he must rise early. which thing is prouffytable to man in this wite /That is to wite: most to the heel of his soul. For it shall 'cause him to be holy. and to the heel of his body /For it shall 'cause him to be hole. Also to the increase of his goods. For it shall make him rich. As the old englysshe proverb saith in this wise. ¶ who so will rise early shall be holy healthy & zely. ¶ Thus have I proved in mine intent that the disport & game of angling is the very mean & 'cause that enducith a man in to a merry spirit: Which after the said parable of Solomon & the said doctrine of phisyk maketh a flowering age & a long. And therefore to all you that been virtuous: gentle: and free borne I write & make this simple treatise following: by which ye may have the full craft of angling to dysport you at your lust: to the intent that your age may the more flower and the more longer to endure. IF ye will be crafty in angling: ye must first learn to make your harness /That is to wite your rod: your lines of divers colours. After that ye must know how ye shall angle in what place of the water: how deep: and what time of day. For what manner of fish: in what wedyr How many impediments there been in fishing that is called angling And in special with what bayties to every divers fish in each month of the year. How ye shall make your baits breed where ye shall find them: and how ye shall keep them. And for the most crafty thing how ye shall make your hokes of steel & of osmonde /Some for the dub: and some for the float: & the ground. as ye shall here after all these find expressed openly unto your knowledge. ¶ And how ye shall make your rod craftily here I shall teach you. You shall kit between Myghelmas & Candylmas a fair staff of a fathom and an half long: & arm great of hasyll: wylowe: or asp. And bethe him in an hot oven: & set him even Thenne let him coal & dry a month. Take then & fret him fast with a cockeshotecorde: and bind him to a form or an even square great tree. Take thenne a plumbers wire that is even and strait & sharp at the one end. And heat the sharp end in a charcoal fire till it be white: and bren the staff therewith thorough: ever strait in the pith at both ends till they meet. And after that burn him in the neither end with a bird broche/ & with other brooches each greater than other. & ever the greatest the last: so that ye make your hole ay tapre wax. then let him lie still and keel two days. Vnfrette him thenne and let him dry in an house roof in the smoke till he be through dry ¶ In the same season take a fair yard of green hasyll & beth him even & straight. and let it dry with the staff. And when they been dry make the yard meet unto the hole in the staff: unto half the length of the staff. And to perform that other half of the crop. Take a fair shot of black thorn: crab tree: medeler. or of jenypre kit in the same season: and well bethyd & straight. And fret them together fetely: so that the crop may justly entry all in to the said hole. Thenne shave your staff & make him tapre wax. Thenne vyrell the staff at both ends with long hopis of iron or laton in the clennest wise with a pike in the neither end fastened with a running vice: to take in & out your crop. Thenne set your crop an handful within the over end of your staff in such wise that it be as big there as in any other place above. Thenne arm your crop at thover end down to the fret with a line of uj hairs. And dub the line and fret it fast in the top with a bow to fasten on your line. And thus shall ye make you a rod so privy that ye may walk therewith: and there shall no man wite where about ye go. It will be light & full nymbyll to fish with at your lust. And for the more readiness loo here a figure thereof in example.: depiction of fishing rod AFter that ye have made thus your rod: ye must learn to colour your lines of here in this wise. ¶ first ye must take of a white horse taylle the lengest here and fairest that ye can find. And ever the rounder it be the better it is. Depart it in to uj parts: and every part ye shall colour by himself in divers colours. As yellow: green: brown: tawny: russet. and dusk colours. And for to make a good green colour on your hair ye shall do thus. ¶ Take small ale a quart and put it in a little pan: and put thereto half a pound of alym. And put thereto your here: and let it boylle softly half an hour. Thenne take out your here and let it dry. Thenne take a potell of water and put it in a pan. And put therein two handful of ooldies or of wyxens. And press it with a tile stone: and let it boylle softly half an hour. And when it is yellow on the scum put therein your here with half a pound of coporose betyn in powder and let it boylle half a mile way: and thenne set it down: and let it keel five or six hours. Then take out the here and dry it. And it is thenne the finest green that is for the water. And ever the more ye put thereto of coporose the better it is. or else in stead of it vertgrees. ¶ another wise ye may make more brighter green /as thus Lete wood your here in an woodefatte a light plunket colour And then seethe him in old or wyxin like as I have said: saving ye shall not put thereto neither coporose we vertgrees. ¶ For to make your here yellow dight it with alym as I have said before. And after that with oldies or wyxin without coporose or vertgrees. ¶ another yellow ye shall make thns. Take small ale a potell: and stamp three handful of walnot leaves and put togider: And put in your hair till that it be as deep as ye will have it. ¶ For to make russet here. Take strong lie a pint and half a pound of soot and a little juice of walnot levys & a quart of alym: and put them all together in a pan and boylle them well. And when it is cold put in your hair till it be as dark as ye will have it. ¶ For to make a brown colour. Take a pound of soot and a quart of ale: and seth it with as many walnot levys as ye may. And when they wax black set it from the fire. And put therein your here and let it lie still till it be as brown as ye will have it. ¶ For to make another brown. Take strong ale and sot and tempre them together. and put therein your here two days and two nights and it shall be right a good colour. ¶ For to make a tawny colour. Take lime and water & put them together: and also put your here therein four or five hours. Thenne take it out and put it in a Tanners ose a day: and it shall be also fine a tawny colour as nedyth to our purposes ¶ The sixth part of your hair ye shall keep still white for lines for the dubbed hook to fish for the trought and grailing: and for small lines for to rye for the roche and the darse. When your here is thus colourid: ye must know for which waters and for which seasons they shall serve. ¶ The green colour in all clear water from Apryll till Septembre. ¶ The yellow colour in every clear water from Septembre till Novembre: For is is like the weds and other manner grass which growyth in the waters and rivers when they been broken. ¶ The russet colour serveth all the winter unto the end of Apryll as well in rivers as in poles or lakys ¶ The brown colour serveth for that water that is black dedisshe in rivers or in other waters. ¶ The tawny colour for those waters that been hethy or morysshe. NOw must ye make your lines in this wise. first look that ye have an Instrument like unto this figure portrayed following. Thenne take your here & kit of the small end an hopeful large or more /For it is neither strong nor yet sure. Thenne torn the top to the tail everich ylyke moche. And depart it in to three parties. Thenne knit every part at the one end by himself. And at the other end knit all three together: and put the same end in that other end of your Instrument that hath but one clyft. And set that other end fast with the wegge four fingers in all shorter than your here. Thenne twine every warp one way & ylyke moche: and fasten them in three clystes ylyke straight. Take then out that other end and twine it that way that it will desire enough. Thenne strain it a little: and knit it for undoing: and that is good. And for to know to make your Instrument: loo here it is in figure. And it shall be made of tree saving the bolt underneath: which shall be of iron. When ye have as many of the lynkies as ye suppose will suffice for the length of a line: thenne must ye knit them together with a water knot or else a duchies knot. And when your knot is knit: kit of the void short ends a straw breed for the knot. Thus shall ye make your lines fair & fine: and also right sure for any manner fish. ¶ And by cause that ye should know both the water knot & also the duchies knot: loo them here in figure cast unto the likeness of the draught. YOU shall understand that the most subtle & hardyste craft in making of your harness is for to make your hokis. For who's making ye must have feet files. thin and sharp & small beaten: A semi clam' of pren: a bender: a payr of long & small tongues: an hard knife somdeale thick: an anuelde: & a little hamour. ¶ And for small fish ye shall make your hokes of the smallest quarrel nedlys that ye can find of steel/ & in this wise. ¶ Ye shall put the quarrel in a red charkcole fire till that it be of the same colour that the fire is. Thenne take him out and let him keel: and ye shall find him well allayed for to file. Thenne raise the beard with your knife /and make the point sharp. Thenne alaye him again: for else he will break in the bending. Thenne bend him like to the bend figured hereafter in example. And greeter hooks ye shall mabe in the same wise of greater needles: as broderers nedlis: or tailors: or shoemakers nedlis spear points/ & of shoemakers nalles in especial the best for great fish. and that they bend atte the point when they been assayed /for else they been not good ¶ When the hook is bended beat the hinder end abroad: & file it smooth for freting of thy line. Thenne put it in the fire again: and give it an easy red heat. Thenne suddenly quench it in water: and it will be hard & strong. And for to have knowledge of your Instruments: lo them here in figure portrayed. depiction of contents of angler's tacklebox ¶ Hamour. depiction of hammer Knife. depiction of knife Pynsons'. depiction of pincers Clam depiction of clamps Wegge. depiction of wedge File. depiction of file Wrest. depiction of turning key & Anuelde. depiction of anvil When ye have made thus your hokis: then must ye set them on your lines according in greatness & strength in this wise. ¶ Ye shall take small red silk. & if it be for a great hook thenne double it: not twynyd. And else for small hokys let it be single: & therewith fret thick the line there as the one end of your hook shall sit a straw breed. Then set there your hook: & fret him with the same thread the two parts of the length that shall be fret in all. And when ye come to the third part then torn the end of your line again upon the fret double. & fret it so double that other third part. Thenne put your thread in at the hose twys or thries & let it go at each time round about the yard of your hook. Thenne wet the hose & draw it till that it be fast. And look that your line lie evermore within your hooks: & not without. Thenne kit of the lynies end & the thread as nigh as ye may: saving the fret. NOw ye know with how great hokys ye shall angle to every fish: now I will tell you with how many hairs ye shall to every manner of fish. ¶ For the menow with a line of one here. For the waxing roche: the bleak & the gogyh & the ruff with a line of two hairs. For the darse & the great roche with a line of three hairs. For the perch: the flounder & bremet with four hairs. For the cheven chubbe: the breme: the tench & the ele with uj hairs. For the troughte: grey ling: barbyll & the great chevyn with ix hairs. For the great troughte with twelve hairs: For the salmon with xu hairs. And for the pike with a chalk line made brown with your brown colour aforesaid: armed with a wire▪ as ye shall here hereafter when I speak of the pike. ¶ Your lines must be plumbid with lead. And ye shall wite that the next pumbe unto the hook shall be therefro a large foot & more /And every plumb of a quantity to the greatness of the line. There be three manner of plumbis for a ground line running. And for the float set upon the ground line lyenge ten plumbs joining all together. On the ground line running ix or ten small. The float plumb shall be so heavy that the least pluck of any fish may pull it down in to the water. And make your plumbis round & smooth that they stick not on stonies or on weds. And for the more understanding lo them here in figure. depiction of fishing tackle The ground line running The ground line lyenge. The float line The line for perch or tench. The line for a pike: ¶ plumb: Cork armed with wire then shall ye make your floties in this wise. Take a fair cork that is clean without many holes▪ and bore it through with a small hot iron: And put therein a pen just and straight. Ever the more float the greater pen & the greater hole. Thenne shape it great in the mids and small at both ends. and specially sharp in the neither end /and like unto the figures following. And make them smooth on a grinding stone: or on a tile stone. ¶ And look that the float for one here be no more than a pese. For two hairs: as a been. for twelve hairs: as a walnot. And so every line after the proportion. ¶ All manner lines that been not for the ground must have floats. And the running ground line must have a float. The lyenge ground line without float. depiction of fishing floats NOw I have learned you to make all your harness. Here I will tell you how ye shall angle. ¶ Ye shall angle: understand that there is uj manner of angling. That one is at the ground for the troughte and other fish. another is at the ground at an arch /or at a strange where it ebbyth and flowyth: for bleak: roche. and darse. The third is with a float for all manner of fish. The fourth with a menow for the troughte without plumb or float. The fifth is running in the same wise for roche and darse with one or two hairs & a fly. The sixth is with a dubbed hook for the troughte & grailing ¶ And for the first and principal point in angling: keep the ever fro the water fro the sight of the fish: other far on the land: or ellys behind a bush that the fish se you not. For if they do they will not bite. ¶ Also look that ye shadow not the water as much as ye may. For it is that thing that will soon fray the fish. And if a fish be afraid he will not bite long after. For all manner fish that feed by the ground ye shall angle for them to the bottom. so that your hooks shall run or lie on the ground. And for all other fish that feed above ye shall angle to them in the mids of the water or somdeale beneath or somdeale above. For ever the greater fish the nearer he lieth the bottom of the water. And ever the smaller fish the more he smymmyth above. ¶ The third good point is when the fish bytyth that ye be not to hasty to smite nor to late /For ye must abide till ye suppose that the bait be far in the mouth of the fish /and then abide no longer. And this is for the ground. ¶ And for the float when ye see it pulled softly under the water: or else carried upon the water softly: thenne smite. And look that ye never oversmyte the strength of your line for breaking. ¶ And if it fortune you to smite a great fish with a small harness: thenne ye must lede him in the water and labour him there till he be crowned and overcome. Thenne take him as well as ye can or may. and ever bewaar that ye hold not over the strength of your line. And as much as ye may let him not come out of your lines end straight from you: But keep him ever under the rod /and evermore hold him straight: so that your line may sustain and beer his lepies and his plungies with the help of your crop & of your hand. HEre I will declare unto you in what place of the water ye shall angle. You shall angle in a pole or in a stondinge water in every place where it is any thing deep. There is not great choice of any places where it is any thing deep in a pole. For it is but a prison to fish. and they live for the more part in hunger like prisoners: and therefore it is the less mastery to take them. But in a river ye shall angle in every place where it is deep and clear by the ground: as gravel or clay without mud or weds. And in especial if that there be a manner whirling of water or a covert. As an hollow bank: or great roots of trees: or long weeds fleeting above in the water where the fish may cover and hide themself at certain times when they list Also it is good for to angle in deep stiff streams and also in falls of waters and wears: and in flood gates and mylle pits. And it is good for to angle where as the water resteth by the bank: and where the stream runneth nigh there by: and is deep and clear by the ground and inony other placies where ye may see any fish hove or have any feeding. NOw ye shall wite what time of the day ye shall angle ¶ From the beginning of May until it be Septembre the biting time is early by the morrow from four of the clock unto eight of the clock. And at after noon from four of the clock unto eight of the clock: but not so good as is in the morning. And if it be a cold whistling wind and a dark lowering day. For a dark day is much better to angle in than a clear day. ¶ From the beginning of Septembre unto the end of Apryll spare no time of the day: ¶ Also many pole fishes will bite best in the noon tide. ¶ And if ye see any time of the day the trought or grailing lepe: angle to him with a dub according to the same month And where the water ebbyth and flowyth the fish will bite in some place at the ebb: and in some place at the flood. After that they have resting behind stangnies and archies of brydgies and other such manner places. HEre ye shall wite in what weather ye shall angle. as I said before in a dark lowering day when the wind blowyth softly. And in summer season when it is brenning hot then it is naught. ¶ From Septembre unto Apryll in a fair sonny day is right good to angle. And if the wind in that season have any part of the Orient: the wedyr then is naught. And when it is a great wind. And when it snowith raineth or hayllyth. or is a great tempest /as thondyr or lightening: or a swoly hot weather: thenne it is nought for to angle. NOw shall ye wite that there been twelve manner of ympedymentes which 'cause a man to take no fish. with out other common that may casually hap. ¶ The first is if your harness be not meet nor fetly made. The second is if your bayees be not good nor fine. The third is if that ye angle not in biting tyme. The fourth is if that the fish be frayed with the sight of a man. The fifth if the water be very thick: white or red of any flood late fallen. The sixth if the fish stir not for cold. The seventh if that the wedyr be hot. The eight if it rain. The ninth if it hayll or snow fall. The tenth is if it be a tempest. The eleventh is if it be a great wind. The twelfyfth if the wind be in the east /and that is worst For comynly neither winter nor summer the fish will not bite then. The west and north winds been good but the south is best. ANd now I have told you how to make your harness: and how ye shall fish therewith in all points. Reason will that ye know with what baits ye shall angle to every manner of fish in every month of the year /which is all the effect of the craft. And without which baits known well by you all your other craft here toforn avayllyth you not to purpose. For ye can not bring an hook in to a fyssh mouth without a bait. Which baits for every manner of fish and for every month here folowyth in this wise. FOr by cause that the Salmon is the most stately fish that any man may angle to in fresh water. Therefore I purpose to begin at him. ¶ The salmon is a gentle fish: but he is comborous for to take. For comynly he is but in deep places of great rivers. And for the more part he holdyth the mids of it: that a man may not come at him. And he is in season from March unto Myghelmas. ¶ In which season ye shall angle to him with these baits when ye may get them. first with a red worm in the beginning & ending of the season. And also with a bob that bredyth in a dunghill. And specially with a sovereign bait that bredyth on a water dock. ¶ And he bytith not at the ground: but at the float. Also ye may take him: but it is seldom seen with a dub at such time as when he lepith in like form & manner as ye do take a troughte or a gryaling. And these baits been well proved baits for the salmon. THe Troughte for by cause he is a right deyntous fish and also a right feruente-byter we shall speak next of him. He is in season fro March unto Myghelmas. He is on clean gravely ground & in a stream. You may angle to him all times with a ground line lyenge or running: saving in leaping tyme. and then with a dub. And early with a running ground line. and forth in the day with a float line. ¶ Ye shall angle to him in March with a menew hanged on your hook by the neither nesse without float or plumb: drawing up & down in the stream till ye feel him fast. ¶ In the same time angle to him with a ground line with a red worm for the most sure. ¶ In April take the same baits: & also Inneba other wise named vij eyes. Also the canker that bredyth in a great tree and the red snayll. ¶ In May take the stone fly and the bob under the cow torde and the silk worm: and the bait that bredyth on a fern leyf. ¶ In juyn take a red worm & nip of the heed: and put on thine hook a codworme byforn. ¶ In evil take the great red worm and the codworme together. ¶ In August take a flesh fly & the great red worm and the fat of the bacon: and bind about thy hook. ¶ In Septembre take the red worm and the menew. ¶ In Octobre take the same: for they been special for the trought all times of the year. From April till Septembre the trough lepyth. then angle to him with a dubbed hook according to the monethꝭ which dubbed hokys ye shall find in th'end of this treatise: and the months with them.: THe graylling by another name called umbreia a delycyous fish to man's mouth. And ye may take him like as ye do the trought. And these been his baits. ¶ In March & in Apryll the red worm. ¶ In May the green worm: a little breyled worm: the dock canker. and the hawthorn worm. ¶ In june the bait that bredyth between the tree & the bark of an oak. ¶ In evil a bait that bredyth on a fern leyf: and the great red worm. And nip of the heed: and put on your hook a codworme before. ¶ In August the red worm: and a dock worm. And all the year after a red worm. THe barbyll is a sweet fish /but it is a quasy meet & a perilous for man's body. For comynly he giveth an introduxion to the Febres. And if he be eaten raw: he may be cause of man's death: which hath often be seen. these be his baits. ¶ In March & in Apryll take fair fresh cheese: and lay it on a board & kit it in small square pieces of the length of your hook. Take thenne a candyl & burn it on the end at the point of your hook till it be yellow. And thenne bind it on your hook with fletchers silk: and make it rough like a welbede. This bait is good all the summer season. ¶ In May & june take the hawthorn worm & the great red worm. and nip of the heed. And put on your hook a codworme before. & that is a good bait. In evil take the red worm for cheyf & the hawthorn worm together. Also the water dock leyf worm & the hornet worm together. ¶ In August & for all the year take the tallow of a sheep & soft cheese: of each ylyke moche: and a little honey & grind or stamp them together long. and tempre it till it be tough. And put thereto flower a little & make it on small pelletties. And that is a good bait to angle with at the ground And look that it sink in the water. or ellys it is not good to this purposes. THe carp is a deyntous fish: but there been but few in England. And therefore I write the lass of him. He is an evil fish to take. For he is so strong enarmed in the mouth that there may no week harnaysholde him. And as touching his baits I have but little knowledge of it And me were loathe to write more than I know & have proved But well I wot that the red worm & the menow been good bayties for him at all times as I have herd say of persons credyble & also found written in books of credence. THe chevyn is a stately fish: & his heed is a deyty morsel. There is no fish so strongly enarmed with scalys on the body. And by cause he is a strong biter he hath the more baits /which been these. ¶ In March the red worm at the ground: For comynly thenne he will bite there at all times of the year if he be any thing hungry. ¶ In Apryll the dyche canker that bredith in the tree. A worm that bredith between the rind & the tree of an oak The red worm: and the young frosshies when the feet been kit of. Also the stone fly the bob under the cow torde: the red snaylle. ¶ In May the bait that bredyth on the osyer leyf & the dock canker together upon your hook. Also a bait that bredyth on a fern leyf: the codworme. and a bait that bredyth on an hawthorn. And a bait that bredyth on an oak leyf & a silk worm & a codworme together. ¶ In june take the creket & the dorre & also a read worm: the heed kit of & a codworme before: and put them on the hook. Also a bait in the osyer leyf: young frosshies the three feet kit of by the body: & the fourth by the knee. The bait on the hawthorn & the codworme together & a grub that bredyth in a dunghill: and a great greshop. ¶ In evil the greshop & the humbylbee in the meadow. Also young bees & young hornets. Also a great brinded fly that bredith in paths of meadows & the fly that is among pysmeers hills. ¶ In August take wortwormes & magotes unto Myghelmas. ¶ In Septembre the red worm: & also take the baits when ye may get them: that is to wite /Cherries: young mice not heeryd: & the house comb. THe breeme is a noble fish & a deyntous. And ye shall angle for him from March unto August with a red worm: & thenne with a butter fly & a green fly. & with a bait that bredyth among green red: and a bait that bredyth in the bark of a deed tree. ¶ And for bremettis: take maggotes. ¶ And fro that time forth all the year after take the read worm: and in the river brown breed. Moo baits there been but they been not easy & therefore I let them pass over. A Tenche is a good fish: and heelith all manner of other fish that been hurt if they may come to him. He is the most part of the year in the mud. And he styryth most in june & july: and in other seasons but little. He is an evil biter. his baits been these. For all the year brown breed tostyd with honey in likeness of a buttered loof: and the great red worm. And as for cheyf take the black blood in the heart of a sheep & flower and honey. And tempre them all together somdeale softer than paast: & anoint therewith the red worm: both for this fish & for other. And they will bite much the better thereat at all times. ¶ The perch is a dayntevous fish & passing wholesome and a free biting. These been his baits. In March the red worm. In April the bob under the cow torde. In May the slothorn worm & the codworme. In june the bait that bredith in an old fallen oak & the great canker. In evil the bait that bredyth on the osyer leyf & the bob that breedeth on the dunghill: and the hawthorn worm & the codworme. In August the red worm & maggotes. All the year after the read worm as for the best. ¶ The roche is an easy fish to take: And if he be fat & penned then is he good meet. & these been his baits. In March the most ready bait is the read worm. In Apryll the bob under the cow torde. In May the bait that bredyth on the oak leyf & the bob in the dunghill. In june the bait that bredith on the osyer & the codworme. In evil house flies. & the bait that bredith on an oak. and the notworme & mathewes & maggotes till Myghelmas. And after that the fat of bacon. ¶ The dace is a gentle fish to take. & if it be well refet then is it good meet. In March his bait is a red worm. In Apryll the bob under the cow torde. In May the dock canker & the bait on the slothorn and on the oaken leyf. In june the codworme & the bait on the osyer and the white grub in the dunghill. In evil take house flies & flies that breed in pysmer hills: the codworme & maggotes unto Mighelmas. And if the water be clear ye shall take fish when other take noon And fro that time forth do as ye do for the roche. For comynly their biting & their baits been like. ¶ The bleak is but a feeble fish. yet he is wholesome His baits from March to Myghelmas be the same that I have written before. For the roche & darse saving all the summer season asmuch as ye may angle for him with an house fly: & in winter season with bacon & other bait made as ye hereafter may know. ¶ The ruf is right an wholesome fish: And ye shall angle to him with the same baits in all seasons of the year & in the same wise as I have told you of the perch: for they been like in fish & fedinge /saving the ruf is less. And therefore he must have the smaller bait. ¶ The flounder is an wholesome fish & a free. and a subtle biter in his manner: For comynly when he soukyth his meet he fedyth at ground. & therefore ye must angle to him with a ground line lyenge. And he hath but one manner of bait. & that is a read worm. which is most cheyf for all manner of fish. ¶ The gogen is a good fish of the mochenes: & he biteth well at the ground. And his baits for all the year been these. the read worm: codworme: & maggotes. And ye must angle to him with a float. & let your bait be near the bottom or elliss on the gronnde. ¶ The menow when he shynith in the water then is he byttyr And though his body be little yet he is a ravenous biter & an eager. And ye shall angle to him with the same baits that ye do for the gogyn: saving they must be small. ¶ The eel is a quasy fish a ravener & a devourer of the broad of fish. And for the pike also is a devourer of fish I put them both behind all other to angle. For this eel ye shall find an hole in the ground of the water. & it is blue blackysshe there put in your hook till that it be a foot within the hole. and your bait shall be a great angyll twytch or a menow. ¶ The pike is a good fish: but for he devouryth so many as well of his own kind as of other: I love him the less. & for to take him ye shall do thus. Take a coddling hook: & take a roche or a fresh heering & a wire with an hole in the end: & put it in at the mouth & out at the tail down by the ridge of the fresh hearing. And thenne put the line of your hook in after. & draw the hook in to the cheek of the fresh hearing. Then put a plumb of lead upon your line a yard long from your hook & a float in midway between: & cast it in a pit where the pike useth. And this is the best & most surest craft of taking the pike. ¶ another manner taking of him there is. Take a frosshe & put it on your hook at the neck between the skin & the body on the back half: & put on a float a yard there fro: & cast it where the pike hauntyth and ye shall have him. ¶ another manner. Take the same bait & put it in Asa fetida & cast it in the water with ●corde & a cork: & ye shall not fail of him. And if ye life to have a good sport: thenne tie the cord to a goose foot: & ye shall see god haling whither the goose or the pike shall have the better. NOw ye wot with what baits & how ye shall angle to every manner fish. Now I will tell you how ye shall keep and feed your quick baits. You shall feed and keep them all in general: but every manner by himself with such things in and on which they breed. And as long as they been quick & new they been fine. But when they benlin a slough or elles deed then been they naught. Out of these been excepted three brodes: That is to wire of hornetties: humbylbees. & waspies. whom ye shall bake in breed & after dyppe their heeds in blood & let them dry. Also except maggotes: which when they been bred great with their naturell feeding: ye shall fede them furthermore with sheeps tallow & with a cake made of flower & honey. then will they be more great. And when ye have cleansed them with sonde in a bag of blanket kept hot under your gown or other warm thing two hours or three. then been they best & ready to angle with. And of the frosshe kit the leg by the knee. of the grasshop the legs & wings by the body. ¶ these been baits made to last all the year. first been flower & lene flesh of the hepis of a coney or of a cat: virgin wax & sheeps tallow: and bray them in a mortar: And then tempre it at the fire with a little puryfyed honey: & so make it up in little balls & bait therewith your hooks after their quantity. & this is a good bait for all manner fresh fish. ¶ another take the sewer of a sheep & cheese in like quantity: & bray them togider long in a mortere: And take then flower & tempre it therewith. and after that alaye it with honey & make balls thereof. and that is for the barbyll in especial. ¶ another for darse. & roche & bleak. take wheat & sethe it well & then put it in blood all a day & a night. and it is a good bait. ¶ For baits for great fish keep specially this rule. When ye have take a great fish: undo the maw. & what ye find therein make that your bait: for it is best. ¶ these hen the twelve flies with which ye shall angle to the trought & grayllying /and dub like as ye shall now here me tell. ¶ March. THe donne fly the body of the done will & the wyngiss of the pertryche. another done fly. the body of black will: the wings of the blackyst drake: and the jay under the wing & under the tail. ¶ Apryll. ¶ The stone fly. the body of black wool: & yellow under the wing. and under the tail & the wings of the drake. In the beginning of May a good fly. the body of roddyd wool and lappid about with black silk: the wings of the drake & of the red capon's hakyll. ¶ May. ¶ The yellow fly. the body of yellow wool: the wings of the red cock hakyll & of the drake lyttyd yellow. The black louper. the body of black wool & lapped about with the herle of the peacock tail: & the wings of the red capon with a blue heed. ¶ june. ¶ The donne cut: the body of black wool & a yellow list after either side: the wings of the bosarde bound on with barked hemp. The maure fly. the body of doske wool the wings of the blackest mail of the wild drake. The tandy fly at saint Wyllyams' day. the body of candy wool & the wings contrary either against other of the whitest mail of the wild drake. ¶ evil. ¶ The wasp fly. the body of black wool & lappid about with yellow thread: the wings of the bosarde. The shell fly at saint Thomas day. the body of green wool & lapped about with the herle of the peacocks tail: wings of the bosarde. ¶ August. ¶ The drake fly. the body of black wool & lapped about with black silk: wings of the mail of the black drake with a black heed. ¶ these figures are put here in ensample of your hokes. depiction of fishing hooks ¶ Here folowyth the order made to all those which shall have the understanding of this foresaid treatise & use it for their pleasures. YOU that can angle & take fish to your pleasures as this foresaid treatise techyth & shewyth you: I charge & require you in the name of all noble men that ye fish not in no poor man's several water: as his pond: stew: or other necessary things to keep fish in without his licence & good will. ¶ Nor that ye use not to break no man's gynnies lyenge in their wears & in other places due unto them. Ne to take the fish away that is taken in them. For after a fish is taken in a man's gynne if the gynne be laid in the common waters: or else in such waters as he hireth /it is his own proper goods. And if ye take it away ye rob him: which is a right shameful deed to any noble man to do that that thevies & brybours done: which are punished for their evil deeds by the neck & otherwise when they may be aspyed & taken. And also if ye do in like manner as this treatise showeth you: ye shall have no need to take of other men's: whiles ye shall have enough of your own taking if ye list to labour therefore. which shall be to you a very pleasure to see the fair bright shining scaled fishes deceived by your crafty means and drawn upon land. ¶ Also that ye break no man's heggies in going about your disports: ne open no man's gates but that ye shit them again. ¶ Also ye shall not use this for said crafty disport for no covetysenes to th'increasing & sparing of your money only /but principally for your solace & to 'cause the health of your body. and specially of your soul. For when ye purpoos to go on your disports in fysshing ye will not desire greatly many persons with you. which might let you of your game. And thenne ye may serve god devoutly in saying affectuously your custumable prayer. And thus doing ye shall eschew & void many vices as idleness which is principal cause to induce man to many other vices. as it is right well known. ¶ Also ye shall not be to ravenous in taking of your said game as to much at one time: which ye may lightly do if ye do in every point as this present treatise showeth you in every point. which should lightly be occasion to destroy your own disports & other man's also. As when ye have a sufficient mese ye should covet no more as at that tyme. ¶ Also ye shall besye yourself to nouryssh the game in all that ye may: & to destroy all such things as been devourers of it. ¶ And all those that done after this rule shall have the blessing of god & saint Petyr /which he them grant that with his precious blood us bought. ¶ And for by cause that this present treatise should not come to the hands of each idle person which would desire it if it were imprinted alone by itself & put in a little plaunflet therefore I have compiled it in a greater volume of diverse books concerning to gentle & noble men. to the intent that the for said idle persons which should have but little measure in the said disport of fysshing should not by this mean utterly destroy it. ¶ Here begynnyth the blazing of arms I Have showed to you in this book afore how gentlemen began. & how the law of arms was first ordained. and how many colours there been in cote armours. & the difference of cotamours with many other things that here need not to be rehearsed. Now I intend to proceed of signs in arms & of the blazing of arms. But for to rehearse all the signs that been borne in arms: as Pecok Pie Back Dragon Lion & Dolfin/ & flowers & leaves it were to long a tarrying: nor I can not do it: there been so many. But here shall shortly be showed to blaze all arms if ye intend diligently to your rules. And by cause the cross is most worthy sign among all signs in arms /at the cross I will begin. in which the noble & mighty prince king Arthur had great trust /so that he left his arms that he bore of three dragons. & over that another shield of three crowns & took to his arms a cross of silver in a field of verte /and on the right side an image of our blessed lady with her son in her arm. & with that sign of the cross he died many marvels after. as it is wreten in the books of chronicles of his deed is Also I have red this sign of the cross to be send from god to the blessed man Marcuri /as Vincencius saith (in spclo historiali) of the marvelous death of julian thappostita emperor li xvº. he saith: th'angel brought unto the foresaid Marcury all armour necessary with a shield of azure & a cross flury with four roses of gold. as here in this shield. blazon or coat of arms And I fond never that ever any arms were send from heaven: but in them was the sign of the cross. ¶ Eexcept in th'arms of the king of France /the which arms certainly were sent by an angel from heaven /that is to say: three flowers in manner of swords in a field of azure. as it shewyth here. blazon or coat of arms the which certain arms were given to the foresaid king of France in sign of everlasting trouble and that he & his successors always with battle & swords should be punished/ ¶ I ask here mo questions of the crossys sign NOW I torn again to the sign of the cross and ask a question: how many crosses been borne in arms. to the which question under a certain number I dare not anwere. for crosses innumerable are borne now daily. but decendynge to every cross the which afore time I have seen as far as I can I intend to describe. among whom first the plain cross shallbe described /of the which cross mo dowtes been made than of many other crosses. for asmuch as wise men in blazing of arms hold for a very rule: that ye must begin to blaze at the lowest point of the shield. if the point be of one colour & so the colour that is in the point of the shield is the field of the arms. ¶ But in that rule to remove away all doubts. ye must mark diligently: that. the rule is true with a little addition. that is to wite that in arms to be blazed it is alway to begin at the point of the shield: if the point be of one colour /that is true: if the colour of the point be more copious or greater in those arms. & thenne without doubt ye shall begin there. or else not. And where the colours be equal parted other one length or over whart then evermore ye shall begin to blaze those arms in the right side. & in that case ye shall have no respect to the point ¶ And if it be asked how beereth saint George. it is to be known that ye must say (Latin) ¶ Portat unum scutunde argento cum quadaz cruce plana de rubio (Gallice (¶ Il port dargent une croys plain de geulles (Anglice (¶ He beareth a field of silver with a plain cross of gowles. as here it it appeareth in these arms blazon or coat of arms ¶ And the same manner of wise are all crosses having a plain cross to be blazed Therefore they err that say saint George beerith the field of gowles with iiij. quarteres of silver of whom the reeson I low not. for by those reesons a plain cross should never be found in in arms ner welny no difference in arms/ ¶ Of a cross of an equal length on every part. A plain cross is found in arms differing from the first cross. and it is of an equal length on every part /as it appeareth here. blazon or coat of arms & these arms been harder than the other to blaze as it is open. For thends of this cross to wchyth not the hemmies or the utter part of the shield in no part: in the which ye shall say that he that beeryth these arms (Latin in) ¶ Ille portat de asuro cum una cruce plana aurea equal longitudins ex omi part (Gallice (¶ Il port dassur une croys plain dung longeur ꝑ tout (Anglice) ¶ He beareth azure with a plain golden cross of equal length on every part. & this is the difference in blazing. that all th'ends of this cross are of equal length /the which may not be in the plain cross afore. for the foot is the lengest part & it be well made. And this difference shall apere better in a cotarmour than it doth in a shield. And so there is an evident difference betwyx the two crosses aforesaid/ ¶ Of a plain cross strait THere is another cross equal streyter in the mids than in thendes with open corners as here: blazon or coat of arms not towching the utterest part of the shield in any part thereof. & it is called a cross patent. And ye shall say that he that beareth this cross beareth in this manner (Latin sic (¶ Ille portat unam crucem argentatan patente in campo nigro (Gallice (¶ Il port de sable une croys patee dargent (Angelice sic) ¶ He beareth sable a cross paty of silver/ ¶ Of a cross patent fixibyll. THis cross patent is made divers in the foot of the same as it aperyth here. blazon or coat of arms & thenne it is called a cross patent fyxible. for in th'end such a cross may be pitched in the which cross three of the higher parts are open in the corners & brother than in the mids. and his foot is disposed to pitch in th'earth (Latin (¶ Ille portat de rubio cum una cruce figitivade albo (Gallice (¶ Il port de geulles une croys patee fichee dargent (Anglice) ¶ He beareth geulles and a cross paty fixible of silver. And know ye that there be many crosses the which may be made fyxible as it shall be showed here following in diversly/ ¶ Of a plain cross corded. Among other crosses is one found the which is called a corded cross /as here it is showed in this cross the which is called a corded cross: blazon or coat of arms for it is madeof cords. which certain cross I saw but late in th'arms of a noble man: the which in very deed was sometime a crafty man a roper as he himself said. And ye shall say of him that beeryth these arms: Latin: ¶ Ille portat gowlles cum una cruce plana cordata de argento: Galice sic: ¶ Il port de geulles & une croys plain cordee dargent: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth geulles and a cross plain corded of silver. ¶ Of a cross plain perforated THere is another cross plain which merueylouly fro the plain cross of saint George dyfferyth as here apryth. blazon or coat of arms & here it is to be marked: the thopinion of some men's saying is. that these arms be chequered arms. And this opinion is utterly to be reproved /for arms may not be chequered but at the least in the number of four & in a greater number they may well be made. as afterward shallbe showed. Therefore it is to be said: Latin sic. ¶ Ille portat unam crucez argenteam perforatan in campo nigro: Gallice sic: Il port desable une croys dargent partiee: Anglice: ¶ He beeryth sable and across perforated of silver. ¶ Of a besantyd cross. OVer these crosses we have another cross which I saw late in th'arms of a certain januens: as here it showeth blazon or coat of arms And this is called a besant cross /for it is made all of besantes. And such a cross may be made assoon with little cakes as with besantes. For besantes and little cakes dyffere not but in colour. For besantes been ever of golden colour. ne the colour of the besant shall be expressed in blazing of arms. for it nedyth not to say: a besant of gold. for there been no besantes but of gold Therefore it is to be said: Latin sic: ¶ Ille portat unam crucem talentatan in campo rubio: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port de geulles une croys besauntee: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth gowles & a cross besanted. ¶ Of a cross flurry NOw folowyth another cross flurry. which is so called as it aperyth here. blazon or coat of arms And therefore it is called a florysshing cross. for it hath flowers in every end upward /that is to say save the foot. This cross flurry sometime is borne in arms fyxabyll. And th'end is called in arms a cross flurry fyxabyll For in three of his ends he is flourishing & in the foot pitchablyl or fyxabyll. Therefore it is to be said of him that beeryth it: Latin: ¶ Portat unam crucem auream floridan in campo asored: Gallice: ¶ Il port de asur une croys flouretee dor: Anglice: ¶ He beareth azure and a cross flurry of gold. ¶ Now here shall be showed of a cross flurry patent in arms. NOw folowyth another cross which is called a cross flurry patent. as here it apperith/ blazon or coat of arms And it is called a cross flurry patent /for he hath his ends openand in the mids of every end appeareth another third in the manner of a flower as it is openly showed in this cross. Therefore it shall be said that the bearer of these arms: beareth in this wise as folowyth: Latin: ¶ Portat unam crucem floridam patentem de auro in campo asureo: Gallice sic: Il port de asur une croys flouretee dor: Anglice: ¶ He beeryth azure with a cross patent flurry of gold. ¶ Ye shall understand here of a plain watery cross. moreover ye shall understand that there is another plain cross: which certainly is called a watery cross. & it is called a watery cross /for it is made by the manner of water troubled with wind. as here it shallbe showed in these arms. blazon or coat of arms Therefore he that beeryth these arms beareth in this wise as it shall be showed: Latin: ¶ Portat unam crucem planan undosam de argento in campo rubio: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port de geulles une crois plain undee dargent: Anglice sic ¶ He beeryth gowles & a plain watery cross of silver. ¶ Also there is a cross that is called invecked IN arms also are found mo crosses which are made of colours invecked or indented as here in this cross appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And it is called a cross invecked forcause that it hath two colours /one put in to another. And of him that beeryth these arms ye shall say thus: Latin: ¶ Portat unam crucem planam invertam de coloribus albis & nigris in campo rubeo: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port de geulles une croys plain verre dargent & sable: Anglice: ¶ He beereth gowles & a cross of silver and sabled invecked. ¶ Of another manner cross that is called a cross croslet. YEt followeth another cross which is called a cross crossit or croslet. and it is called cross it for in every end it is crossid as here appeareth. blazon or coat of arms But this cross is not soofte born in arms by himself as other crosses /nevertheless many times it is born in dyminutives that is to say in little crosses crossed /And then th'arms are powdered with little crosses cruciated. And ye shall say thus of him that beeryth these arms: Latin: ¶ Ille portat unam crucem cruciatam de argento in campo afored: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port de asur une croys dargent: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth azure & a cross crosset of silver. ¶ And when such crosses are born and put in arms as I said afore in dimynutyves & without any certain number /then they are called in frensshe crossettes ¶ moreover there is a cross masculated as here folowyth. Wit ye well yet that there is another cross which is called a cross masculated as here it appeareth. blazon or coat of arms & this cross is called a cross masculated /for he is made of mascules of which certain mascules ye shall see afterwardein the chapter of fusyllies masculyd & losynges: where this matter shall be more plainly treated. And he that beeryth these arms beerith as it is showed here after: Latin sic: ¶ Portat unam crucem masculataz de argento in campo asereo: Gallice: ¶ Il port dasur une croys masculee dargent: Anglice: ¶ He beeryth azure & a cross masculated of silver. ¶ Also there is a cross masculated and perforated as here. BE it know: that this cross masculated sometime is perforated in the mascules /as it is open in the piercing here following. blazon or coat of arms And thus ye must blaze him. Latin sic: ¶ Ille portat unam crucem masculataz perforatam de rubio in scuto argented: Galice sic ¶ Il port dargent une croys de geulles masculee persee: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth silver with a cross of gowles masculated pierced. ¶ There is a myllars cross as here it shall be showed HEre followeth another cross which is called the cross of a miller/ blazon or coat of arms for it is made to the symylitudeof a certain instrument of iron in mills which beareth the mylstoon /by the which instrument the stone in his course is born equally that he decline not over moche on the right part ne on the left part: but ministering to every part that that is his equally & without fraud. & this is given to judges to bear in their arms: and to those that have jurisdiction under them /That is to say: as the foresaid Instrument is direct to the mylle stone equally & with one guile /So those judges are bound to give equally to every man his right. And it is to be said that the possessor of these arms beereth in this wise: Latin: ¶ Portat unam crucem molendinarem argenteam in campo rubeo: Gallice: ¶ Il port une croys moleyne de argent: Anglice: ¶ He beeryth gowles and a myllars cross of silver. ¶ Now it shall be showed of a cross that is turned again. Certain we have a cross which is called a cross turned again. and this cross is called returned: for the cause that thends of this cross on every side are returned again by the manner of a rammys horn. blazon or coat of arms & he that beareth these arms beareth in this wise first Latin: ¶ Portat unam crucem auream inversam in scuto allured: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port de asur une croys reversee dor: Anglice: ¶ He beeryth azure with a cross reversed of gold. ¶ Of a cross forked understand ye that there been other men which bear in their arms a certain forked cross as this is. blazon or coat of arms And it is called forked: for asmuch as that all thends of it are cloven and forked. Therefore it shall be said of those men that beeryth these arms in this wise: Latin: ¶ Portat unam crucem furcataz de auro in campo alereo: Gallice: ¶ El port de asur une croys dor: Anglice: ¶ He beeryth azure with a cross forked of gold. ¶ Of a cross engraylled or engraded ALso there been certain noble men which beer a cross engradid or engraylid. as it appeareth here following. blazon or coat of arms And it is called a cross engrailed: for it is not playnin any part of him but engrailed also well over his length as over his breed. Nevertheless this engrayling is no propre language after the sight of this cross: but rather an endenting as truth is But it is the common manner of speaking in these arms. Therefore ye must say as I said afore/ & ye shall say of him that beeryth these arms in this wise: Latin: ¶ Portat unam crucem ingradatam de albo in campo rubio: Gallice: ¶ Il port de geulles une croys ingradee dargent: Anglice: ¶ He beareth gowles and a cross ingralyled of silver. ¶ Of a cross cutoff. I find yet another cross which is born many times in th'arms of noble men. the which is called a cross truncated. & it is called truncated for it is madeof two trees the bows cut away: as here. blazon or coat of arms Therefore it is to be said that the possessor of these arms beeryth: Latin: ¶ Portat unam crucem truncatan de argento in campo rubio: Gallice: ¶ Il port de geulles une croys recopee dargent: Anglice ¶ He beeryth gowles with a cross truncated of silver. ¶ Of a knotty cross. Know ye yet after these crosses there is another cross which is called a knotty cross: the which in certain is called so for it hath in every end certain knots as here. blazon or coat of arms And it is to be said of him that beeryth these arms: Latin: ¶ Portat unam crucem auream no dulatan in scuto asoreo: Gallice: ¶ Il port dasur une croys boutonnee dor: Anglice: ¶ He beeryth azure with a cross knotty of gold. ¶ And this cross is found otherwhile pitch or figitive in arms /and then his foot is figitive as I said afore. ¶ Of a cross flurry knotted. OVer these crosses we have a certain cross flurry of the which it is spoken afore. the which cross flurry is found knotty as here. blazon or coat of arms And that is as I said aforewhan knots are found in th'ends & thangles of the said cross. & the bearer of the said arms (Latin) ¶ Portat unam crucem nodulatan floridan auream in campo de asuro (Gallice sic) ¶ Il port dasur une croys flouretee boutonne dor) Anglice) ¶ He beeryth azure & a cross flurry knotty of gold. ¶ Of a cross double pertited/ A Cross double is found in in th'arms of divers noble men? the which certain cross is called a double pertited cross. For if it be divided or parted after the long way or the broad way: yet there abideth one double cross /as we may see here. blazon or coat of arms Yet I have seen many noble men doubting of this cross more than of any cross aforesaid: the which nevertheless after long disputations in thoppinyon aforesaid rested & concluded. Therefore he that beerith these arms (Latin sic) ¶ Portat unam crucem duplicatan argenteam in campo nigro (Gallice sic) ¶ Il port sable une croys double party dargent (Anglice sic ¶ He beeryth sable & a cross double partited of silver. ¶ Of a cross double partited florysshed THis cross double partited is varied sometime: & thenne it is called a cross double partited florysshed as here. blazon or coat of arms nevertheless it is called a cross flurry inproperly as somemen say: for it faylyth the mids of the flower as anon it shall follow in the next arms. the which certain mids by no manner of wise in the cross double partited may be. as anon it shall be showed. But he that beereth these arms (Latin ¶ Portat unam crucem duplam pertitan auream in campo rubio/ Gallice/ ¶ Il port de geulles une croys double partiee floretee dor. Anglice. ¶ He beeryth gowles & a cross double partyted flurry of gold/ ¶ Of a cross tripartited flourished. But as is showed afore this cross is called a cross double partited florisshed for there faileth the mids of the cross by the which the cross florysshed is made perfit. as here it is open. blazon or coat of arms the which certain mids put thereto: it shall not be cailed a cross double pertited florisshed: But rather it shallbe called a cross three fold pertited flurry. & thenne it is well blazed. for & it be divided after the longnes or after the brodenes. always one part shall abide tripertited in the mids of the cross: as it is open in th'arms afore wreten. And therefore he that beeryth these arms (Latin) ¶ Portat unam crucez triꝑtito de argento in campo de asuro (Gallice) ¶ Il port daseur une croys troyffoys ꝑtiee flouretee dargent (Anglice sic) ¶ He beeryth of azure with a cross tripertited floree of silver/ ¶ Of a Myllars cross shadowed or umbrated. A Doubt there is yet of a certain shadow of a Myllars cross as it showeth here following. blazon or coat of arms And know ye that it is called a shadow of a cross /for evermore this shadowiss made of black colour. of what somever colour the field be of. the shadow is made of black. & the body of the same shadow is of the same colour with the field. And he that beeryth these arms (Latin (¶ Portat unam crucem umbratan in campo aureo) Gallice) ¶ p Il ort dor une croys monnyer umbre (Anglice) ¶ He beeryth of gold with a Myllars cross umbrated or shadowed. ¶ Of a cross floree patent umbrated/ another sample is seen of thumbration of a certain cross, & this cross is called a cross floree umbrated: as appeareth here. blazon or coat of arms but truly speaking & properly it is no cross: but a shadow of such a cross & the reason is. for the body of the said shadow is of the same colour with the field. And so the colour that is in the field showeth by all the body of the said shadow ¶ And those that beer these arms (Latin (Portant unaz crucem floridam patentem umbratam in campo rubeo (Galice sic) ¶ Il port de geules une croys patee floretee umbree (Anglice sic) ¶ He beeryth of gowles & a cross patent flore umbrated/ ¶ Of a cross flory patent umbrated & perforated/ Nevertheless after some men this shadowed cross otherwhile is pierced marvelously as it folowyth here: blazon or coat of arms and thenne it is called a cross flory patent umbrated & perforated: for it accordeth with the cross preceding except the piercing in the mids of the said shadow. ¶ And thenne it shall be said that he the which beeryth this cross (Latin) Portat unam crucem floridam patentem umbratam perforataz cum rubio in campo aureo (Et gallice sic) ¶ Il port dor une croys patee floretee umbree & part de geules (Anglice) ¶ He beeryth of gold a cross patent flurry shadowed & pierced with gowles. Blasours' must beware of these arms umbrated /of the which many rules been showed afore. But for the blazing of these certain arms some ignorant men of this craft take the rule going afore: that it to wite of the colours transmuted as ye saw afore. But there been certain nobles and gentlemen in England the which beer shadows divers in their arms: as Lion Antlop & other. and they that beer these arms /and it be a lion: ye shall say in latin (Portat unum leonem umbratum in campo aureo) Gallice ¶ Il port dor et unglyon umbree (Anglice) ¶ He beeryth of gold & a lion umbrated. ¶ And men say that such persons as bear these umbrated arms had their progenitors beering the same not umbrated but hole But the possessions & the patrymonyes descended to other men. then the nephews or kinsmen living in good hope & trusting to have the possessions of their progenitors: bear their arms umbrated. all other difference aforesaid leaving. for when they have that patrimony: that they they trusted on. soon they may beer that lion or other be'st of the same colour the which their progenitors bore. and it is better to beer those arms umbraryd: than holy to leave their progenitors arms. ¶ Yet here folowyth another cross hemmed or bordered as appeareth A great doubt yet remaineth against blasours of arms in difference betwyx this cross fimbratid or bordered. as here now aperyth blazon or coat of arms & the foresaid cross umbrated. in so much that they are much like. and it appeareth in the first sight that they been but one but & a man behold well there is a great difference. for the bordre of this cross is varied aswell fro the colour of the cross as fro the colour of the field. & else there is no doubt. Therefore it shall be said of him that beeryth these arms in this wise: Latin sic: ¶ Portat unam crucem nigraz perforatam floridan patentem fim briatam sive borduratan cum argento in campo rubio: Gallice sic ¶ Il port de gulls une croys flouretee patee periee de sabull board dargent: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth gowles with a cross flurry patent pierced of sable bordered with sylever. ¶ Now folowyth an ermyn cross as it shall be showed. FOr certain there is an ermyn cross. and it is a merueyllus cross /of the which there was a disputation at London by a certain Heroude of Britain. And it was determed that these arms may be in noon other colour but as here it appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And this cross is called an ermyn cross. And it shall be said of him that beareth these arms in this wise as it shall follow: Latin: ¶ Portat unam crucem ereminalem: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port une croys arminee: Anglice sic ¶ He beeryth a cross ermyn. And here ye must note that the colour in these arms shall not be expressed /for this cross neither these arms may not be made but of these colours. that is to say alone of black and white the which are the proper colours of these arms. ¶ sufficiently is spoken of Crosses afore. now folowyth an other treatise of divers arms quartered as here shallbe showed OF arms quartered some arms quartered plain Some quartered engraded. Some quartered irrasid. Some quartered invecked. Some quartered indented of the which it shall be spoken everich one after other. and first of the arms plain. ¶ It shall be showed first of arms quartered plain. Three manner of wise arms may be quartered. The first manner is open: when two divers arms are borne quarterly /as it is open & plain in the arms of the king of France & of England. blazon or coat of arms And ye shall say of him that beeryth these arms thus as folowyth: Latin: ¶ Ille portat arma regis francie et anglie quarteriata: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port lez arms de Frannce et de Angleterre quarteles: Anglice sic ¶ He beereth the arms of France and England quarterly. ¶ And it shall not be tedious to no man that France is put before England in blazing /but the cause is this: for the arms of France in arms been put afore. And we have a general rule /that when somever in arms be two colours or moo in the point of the shield then ye shall not begin at the point to blaze: but in the right part or side of those arms. that same colour there found in the right side of the shield is not the field of the arms /for it may fortune it is not the greatest colour in tharms aforsayde: but less or with other equal And nevertheless ye shall begin toblase there. ¶ Of arms quarterly borne now it shall be showed blazon or coat of arms THe second manner of wise of bearing quartered arms is when four divers arms quarterly be born /as here is showed. And he that beareth these arms beareth four divers arms quarterly: Latin sic: ¶ Ille port at quatuor arma diusa quarteriata: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port quatre arms diverse quartelees: Anglice: He beereth four arms divers quarterly. And thenne if it be asked how these arms should be blazed. The blazer must begin in the highest corner over the right side proceeding to every arms. th'arms in the right side blazed: ye must go to the other side: & then to the third side/ & after to the last. And ye must know that these arms rehearsed afore been plain arms quartered. blazon or coat of arms THere is another manner of beeryngof arms quartered /when ij. arms quarterid been born quarterly. & it is borne most in tharms of queens /And so bore that noble queen of England: queen Anna wife to the rial prince king Richard the second /which bore th'arms of england & of France & of th'emperor of Almaigne quarterly: & in xvi parts /that is to say in the right side of the shield in the first quarter she bore tharms of France /three flourdeluces of gold in a field of azure. And in the second quarter three lyberdies of gold in a field of gowles. And in the third quarter an eagle with two necks. And in the fourth a lion ramping in a field of gowles. And so changeably she bore these arms in xvi quarteres which selden is seen in any arms. ¶ Of arms quartered & engrailed now it shall be showed. NOw I show you that some time we have arms quartered & engrailed. that is to wite when every arms in his quarter is engrailed: as here appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And it shall he said of him that beareth these arms thus: Latin: ¶ Ille portat de auro et rubio arma quarteri ata & nigra data: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port dor et geulles quarterlee engraylee: Anglice sic: He be rith of gold & gowles quarterly engrailed. And they are called arms engraded for they are made of two colours: the which gradedly are brought together one colour in to another colour. ¶ Of arms quartered and irrazed now I will speak. Certain arms there been quartered & irrazed: as appeareth. blazon or coat of arms the which certain arms are dealt quartered arms irrazed. For the colours been rasid out as one colour in rasing were take away from another. And it shall besayd of him the beareth these arms: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma quarteriata irrasa de albo et nigro: Gallice ¶ Il port dargent et sable quartlee irrase: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth silver and sable quaterly irrazed. ¶ Of arms quartered invecked now here it shall be showed. THere been yet found arms quarterly invecked: or as some say they been army quartered of colours invecked: as here aperyth/ blazon or coat of arms which forsooth are called arms quartered invecked or of colours invecked. For in them are two colours quarterly put: the one in to the other. And so one colour is invecked into another Therefore it is said of him that beareth these arms in this wise: Latin: ¶ Ille portat quateriatim de asurio et auro invectꝭ: Gallice: ¶ Il port quarterlee verre dasur et dor: Anglice: ¶ He beareth quarterly invecked of azure & gold. ¶ Now of arms quarterid indented it shall here be showed QVarteryd arms be found divers which are called indented: as here appeareth/ blazon or coat of arms and they are called indented for two colours one in to another by the mane of teeeth are indented: as it is open in the shield. And thus ye shall blaze them: Latin: ¶ Portat arma quarteriata indentata de rubio et auro: Gallice: ¶ Il port quartelee endentlee de geulles et dor: Anglice: ¶ He beareth quarterly indented of gowles & gold ¶ Of arms parted after the long way here 〈…〉 I intend now to determine of arms parted after the long way: which certain parting after the long way or on length is made many manner of wise. The first partition forsooth is of two colours in arms after the long way in the plain manner. ¶ There is also a parting of arms of two colours engraded. ¶ And also there is a parting of two colours irrazed. ¶ And also forsooth there is a parting of two colours invecked. ¶ And there is another parting of two colours indented. ¶ There is also a parting of two colours clouded or nebulated. ¶ And more over there is a parting of two colours watery. first I showed to you that there been certain arms parted after the long way of two colours in the plain way as here appeareth in these arms. blazon or coat of arms And they are called parted arms; for they been made of two colours equally parted. And he that beareth these arms beareth thus: Latin: ¶ Ille portat arma pertita plana scdm longum de asorio et albo: Gallice: ¶ Il port dasur et dargent plain partiee: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth azure & silver plain parted. ¶ Of arms parted the long way engrailed I will show here. ALso there is a partition of arms engrailed the long way as is said afore by engrayling of two colours together /as here apperith. blazon or coat of arms And these arms are called arms engrailed partid after the long way of siluer& sable. And it shall be said of him that beeryth these arms: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma pertita secundum longum ingradata de argento et nigro/ Gallice sic: ¶ Il port dargent ingraylee et sablee partice du long: Anglice sic: ¶ He beerith silver & sable engrailed parted after the long way. ¶ Hear now it shall be showed of arms parted & irrazed. THe third manner of wise are found arms parted of two colours & irrazed: as here. blazon or coat of arms of the whycheit is to be said as afore of quarterid arms irrazed. & he that beareth these arms: beareth in this wise as followeth: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma ꝑtita scdm longum irrasa de argento et rubio: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port partiee du long dargent et de geulles ralee: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth arms parted on length of silver & gowles irrazed. ¶ Of arms parted the long way & invecked now I will speak THe fourth manner arms parted are born after the long way of two colours invecked: as here appeareth. blazon or coat of arms & these arms been called invecked /for the colours be put one in to another round wise. And these arms dyffere much fro tharms next being afore irrazed. wherefore it shall be said of him which beareth these arms thus as it shall follow: Latin: ¶ Ipse portat arma ꝑtita scdm longuz de coloribus albo et rubio invectis: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port ꝑtiee verree du long dargent et de geulles: Anglice: ¶ He beareth parted invecked on length of silver & gowles. ¶ Of arms parted on the long way & indented here showeth. Certainly another manner of parted arms there is which is called the fifth manner parted after the long way of two colours. & these arms are called parted indented: for this cause /the two divers colours are put together: that is to say: white and black put together after the manner of man's teeth /as it is said afore in the quartered arms indented. blazon or coat of arms & therefore ye shall say of him which beeryth these arms in this wise: Latin: ¶ Portat arma pertita scdm longum de argento et nigro indentata: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port pertiee endentiee du long dargent et sable: Anglice: ¶ He beareth arms parted indented on length of silver & sable. ¶ Of arms partid after the long way cloudy or nebulated IN the syxt manner of wise there been arms born partid after the long way nebulated /as here it shall be showed in this scochon. blazon or coat of arms And these arms been called innebulatid: for two colours are put together by the manner of clouds. Therefore the possessor of these arms beeryth in this wise as it shall be said: Latin: ¶ Portat arma ꝑtita scdm longum de argento et asorio innebulara: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port pertiee du long dargent et dasur innuee: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth arms parted on length of silver and azure innebulated. ¶ Of arms parted watery of silver & gowles this scochon is MOre over after these arms aforesaid yet there been born arms partid after the long way. & they been watery as here in this scochon it aperyth. blazon or coat of arms And these arms are called watery /for two colours are incaryed one into another by the manner of water troubled with wind. And ye shall say of him that beeryth these arms in this wise as folowyth: Latin: ¶ Portat arma ꝑtita undosa scdm longum de argento et rubio: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port party du long dargent de de geulles undee: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth arms parted the long way of silver and gowles watery. ¶ Now hear I begin to speak of arms parted overwhart HEre now followeth to see of arms parted overthwart. the which certain partition overthwart is made as many wise as is the partition on length. that is to say on the plain way overthwart. ingraylid irrasid. invecked. indented. innebulatid. & watery; wherefore of these certain shall beshewed by signs. And first I begin at plain arms overthwart: as here it shall be showed. blazon or coat of arms And it shall be said of him that beeryth these arms in this wise: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma partita extransuerso plana de auro et asorio: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port party transuersie dor et dasur: Anglice ¶ He beeryth gold & azure parted overthwart. ¶ Know ye that here is no doubt of that first rule: that is to say /that a man shall begin at the point of the shield to blaze. for here is as much colour of gold as of azure. ¶ Of arms irrasid overwhart now here it shall be showed. NOw of another manner of partition of colours in arms overthwart I will speak. & it is called irrazed: as here it shall appear in this scochyon. blazon or coat of arms of which it is to be said that the gentleman which beeryth these arms beerythin this manner as folowyth: Latin: ¶ Portat arma partita extransuerso irraso de auro et rubio: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port partiee transuersee irrasee dor et de geulles: Anglice: ¶ He beareth arms partid overwhart irrasid of gold & gowles' ¶ Now of arms parted overwhat ye shall have ensample. Arms there be also indented overwhart & parted. And they been called indentid for their colours as is said afore are put one in to another by the manner of man's teeth. blazon or coat of arms And it shall be said of him that birth thyise arms in this wise: Latin: ¶ Portat arma ꝑtita extransuerso indentata de auro et asorio /as afore is rehearsed: Gallice sic ¶ Il port ꝑtiee de travers dor et dasur endentee: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth arms parted overwhart indented of gold and azure. ¶ And to rehearse more of parted arms overthwart it nedyth not /for it is rehearsed sufficiently in the rules next afore in arms parted on length. Therefore it shall not be rehearsed here again (qr inutil'est repeticon unius ad eiusdem) And that is to say /It is an unprofitable rehercing of one thing to rehearse the same again in the next sentence /Therefore to speak more of arms parted & figure them: other of engrailed or irrazed: invecked indented nebulated and undated: it nedyth not /for they been taught sufficiently in the long way. And I believe it shall be hard to find many moo arms parted after the long way or overwhart than are rehearsed afore /Nevertheless if any be found or seen: in them that same rules shall be observed as is rehearsed afore. And is enough for all arms on that manner to be blazed that any gentleman beeryth parted. ¶ Of arms which are called Cheyf or an heed I will show soothly certain men would that these arms after rehearsed should be called arms parted. which certainly for that that there is no very partition of the colours or any likeness of division of colours. Certainly in arms partydit is required alway that the parts of the colours be equal. and that is not true in this figure /for the more part by moche is silver. blazon or coat of arms Therefore ye shall say of him that beareth these arms thus Latin: ¶ Portat de argento et capud scuti de asoreo cum duabus maculis perforatis de auro: Gallice sic: ¶ Ill port dargent une cheyffe dasur et deux molettes parties dor: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth silver a chief or a chefrayne of azure & two molettes perforated of gold. ¶ And ye shall know that in these arms the rule afore wreten must be consydred /that is to say: that at the Coon it is to begin to blaze if that colour of the Coon be greater or more copious colour in arms as it is said afore. And more over it is to be marked that no arms own to be called parted arms but if they be made of two colours one parted & no more. for arms paled are not called: nor own not to be called parted arms although they been made of two colours. for those colours not all only ones but divers times are parted: as here appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And these arms been called parted arms /for they been made by the manner of palys. And it shall be said of him that beeryth these arms: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma palara de auro et asoreo: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port pale dor et dasur: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth pale of gold & azure. ¶ Of arms paled undated now here it shall be showed. PAlyd arms oftyme are found undated /that is to say watery: as here appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And these been called paled arms undated to the difference of barrydarmes undated. the which arms barred may also be undated as here after shall be showed. And it shallbe said of him that beeryth these arms thus Latin. ¶ Portat arma palata undata ul undosa de rubio et argento: Gallice: ¶ Il port palee undee de geulles et dargent: Anglice: ¶ He beareth paly undated of gowles & silver. ¶ Of arms paled crooked & sharp now I will speak. Look & behold how many manner of wise these paled arms been borne diversly /as it is showed in this book. blazon or coat of arms And these arms now showed here been called paled crooked and sharp. For in these arms two colours paly are put together one in to another crooked & sharp. Therefore it shall be said of him the which beeryth these arms in this wise: Latin: ¶ Portat arma palata tortuosa acuta de nigro et argento: Gallice sic: ¶ Ill port pale dansete de sable et dargent: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth pale crooked & sharp of sable & silver. ¶ Of arms barred plain now here it shall be showed HEre in this chapter afore is determined of palid arms & in this chapter now following it shallbe determined of barred arms. for the which it shalbe know that arms may be many manner of wise barred. And the first manner of wise is plain barred. as here appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And ye shall know that there been certain arms barred plain. & then ye shall not need to say in the blazing of these arms: he beerythplayne arms barred. But in all other dispering arms barred: ye must needs declare the blazing of them how those barred arms dyffere fro plain. For some been barred with a lion romping or a greehounde or other beasts /And some been barred & some powdered with cross croslettꝭ molettꝭ scresentes small birds or other difference /But as for these plain arms afore ye shall say: Latin: ¶ Portat arma barrata de argento & nigro: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port bar de argent et sable: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth barry of silver & sable. ¶ Of barred arms undated now I will show as appeareth. Know ye for certain that arms barred otherwhile be barred & undated: that is to say watery /as here it appeareth. blazon or coat of arms & they been called barred undated: for theyben made of two colours meeting together in manner of a flowing water as it is open afore. And ye shall say of him that beereth these arms in this wise: Latin: ¶ Portat arma barrata undata de nigro et albo: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port bar undee de sable et dargent: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth barry undated of sable & silver. ¶ Of arms barred & invecked ye shall have example BArrid arms invecked are born of divers gentle men as here is showed. blazon or coat of arms & they are called invecked: for in every bar two colours are put invecked in manner of a round way as is said afore. And he that beareth these arms berech in this wise: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma barrata de coloribus rubeo et invectis: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port barree verree de geulles et de argent: Anglice sic: ¶ He beerith barry invecked of gowles & silver. And I begin with gowles /for the colour is the first in the right corner. ¶ Of arms barred crooked & sharp as here after is showed. gentle men there been certainly which beer arms barred crooked & sharp as here it appeareth in these arms. blazon or coat of arms and they been called arms barred for dyfferenceof arms the same manner of wise pasyd and they been called crooked & sharp. for as it is said afore two colours are put together crokidly & sharp. Therefore it shall be said that the lord that beareth these arms beareth in this wise: Latin: ¶ Ille portat arma barata tortuosa et acuta de nigro et auro: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port bare dantelee acute de sable et dor: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth barred crooked & sharp of sable and gold. ¶ Now it shall be showed of arms that are bendly barred. THere been forsooth certain arms bendly barrid. & they been called bendly barred. and for this cause they been called bendly barred. for two colours are together in every bar bendly as it is open here in these arms. blazon or coat of arms And therforeit shall be said of him that beereth these arms in this wise as folowyth: Latin sic: ¶ Ipse portat arma bendaria de rubio et auro: Gallice: ¶ Il port bar bend de geulles et dor: Anglice sic: ¶ He beereth barry bendy of gowles and gold. ¶ But nevertheless ye must diligently attend in the blazing of such arms: as paled barred & bended. for & they been not subtilely conceived a man suddenly answeyrnge may lightly in those arms be deceived. For certainly those arms been called paled arms in the which are found so many palys of one colour as are of another. And if the palys of both the colours been not equal those arms been not paled. ¶ In divers arms of gentlemen been found two palaces of one colour & three of another /as here in these arms following it shall be showed. blazon or coat of arms That is to say: there been threpales of gowles & two of gold /for of the colour of redde appeareth three parts in the shield/ & but two alone of the colour of gold. Therefore the gentleman that beeryth these arms beeryth in this wise. And thus ye shall say of him: Latin: ¶ Portat duos palos aureos in campo rubeo: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port de geulles et deux palles dor: Anglice sic: He beeryth gowles & two pales of gold. ¶ Here ye shall diligently mark arms barred & lees barred YOU must also diligently attend to the number of both two colours in arms paled barred or lees barred: of the which barrys ye must beware when they be found in arms: as here it is showed in these arms/ blazon or coat of arms Forsuche lines been called little barrys to the difference of little barrys. And it shall be said that the gentleman which beareth these arms: beeryth in this wise: Latin: ¶ Portat unam barram et du as barulas de albo in campo rubio: Gallice: ¶ Il port de geulles une bar et deux barrelettes de argent: Anglice sic: ¶ He beereth gowles one bar and two little bars of silver. ¶ Now I will speak of arms barred & little bars flourished Behold how the foresaid little bars areother while made florisshingly: and then they been called florysshid /as here in this scochon. blazon or coat of arms And they been called flourished /for they be in manner of a flower-de-luce. And ye shall say of him that is possessor of these arms in this wise as folowyth: Latin sic: ¶ Portat unam barran et duas barulas floridas albas in scuto sive campo blodio: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port dasur une barriee et deux barrelettes florit de argent: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth azure one bar and two little barrys flourished of silver. ¶ Now I intend to speak of bends in arms: as here. Otherwhile there is born in arms a bend as is found ●n divers arms of certain noble gentlemen: as here now it shall be showed. blazon or coat of arms And ye must know that it is called a bend the which begynnyth at the right corner or the horn of the shield: and decendith to the left side of the same shield /to the difference of fyssures or of little stavies /of the which it shall be spoken after. And of him that beeryth these arms ye shall say thus as folowyth: Latin sic: ¶ Portat unam bendam de rubio in campo aureo: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port dor une bend de geulles: Anglice: ¶ He beareth gold & a bend of gowles. ¶ Of little bends in arms now here is an ensample. Know ye how afore it is said that certain little barrys are borne in arms many times. On the same manner of wise are born little bends: as here it shall be showed. blazon or coat of arms And they be called bendyllies to the difference of great bends: as it is open. And of him that beareth thysethus it shall be said first as here folowyth: Latin: ¶ Portat unam bendam et duas bendulas de auro in campo blodeo: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port de asur une band et deux bandelettes dor: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth azure a bend and two bendyls of gold. ¶ And these bendyls are otherwhile flourished: as is showed in the figure afore in barrys. ¶ And in divers arms they been found that they been chained. And some been powdered with moletties. and some with other difference the which needeth not to be figured here. ¶ Of arms paled and bended now here it shall be showed. THe best manner of wise certainly of bearing of divers arms in one shield is in these bendis bearing /for a man that hath a patrimony left by his father: & other certain lands by his mother coming to him /to the which lands of his mothers are apropred arms of old tyme. For it may hap that these arms come to her by the way & descent of her progenitors. then may the heir & he list bear the hole arms of his father in the hole shield. And in such a bend he may bear his mothers arms: as here in the scochon afore aperyth. blazon or coat of arms And it shall be said of him that beareth these arms: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma palata de argento et rubio cum una benda de nigro: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port palee dargent et de geulles et une bend de sable: ¶ He beerith palee of silver & gowles with a bend of sable. ¶ And other while in such a bend there is found three molettes or macules of gold. ¶ Of arms bend fusiled here now I will example. Moreover there been found in arms other certain bendis to some man strange from these. And here I will show to you a bend the which is called a bend fusiled: as here appeareth in this scochon. blazon or coat of arms And it is called fusyllydfor it is made all of fusyllis /of the which certain fusylles more shall be spoken afterward. But he the which hath these arms beareth: Latin sic: ¶ Portat unam bendam fusillatam de auro in campo asorio: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port dasur une bandy fusillee dor: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth azure a bend fusiled of gold. ¶ And this bend many times is borne with strangers: and specially in Burgoyne. ¶ Hear now it shall be spoken of divers borduries in arms. Bordures' many and divers are found in arms /and are borne of many noble men. Of the which some been plain some engrailed: some talented: some plain powdered some checkered: some gobonated: some invecked of the which it shall be spoken every one after other. And first of plain borduries I will speak as it appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And the bordureis called plain: when it is made plain of one colour alone /as here in this scochon. And it shall be said of him that is possessor of these arms: Latin sic: ¶ Portat tres rosas rubias in campo argenteo cum una bordura de rubio: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port dargent trois roses de geulles et une bordure de geulles: Anglice sic: ¶ He beereth silver three roses of gowles and a bordure of gowles. ¶ Of arms bordered & engrailed now here folowyth example. Arms with a bordure engrailed other while are borne of certain noble men: as now here is showed in this scochon. blazon or coat of arms and such a bordure is called a bordure engraylid for the colour of him is put gree by gree to thefelde of tharms: as it is open here. And the possessor of these arms beareth thus as followeth: Latin: ¶ Portat arma de auro fymbriata sive bordurata de nigro ingradata cum tribus maculis perforatis de nigro: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port dor trois mullettes fortee de sable une bordure ingrayle de sable: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth gold three molettis perforated of sable and a bordure engrailed of sable. ¶ Now of arms bordered & talented I will show example. THere is borne in arms a certain bordure talentid: as here/ blazon or coat of arms And it is not necessary here to express the colour of the talentis or besantis: for they been ever of gold. And it shall be said of him that beareth these arms in this wise: Latin: ¶ Portat unum signum capitale de rubio in campo albo borduratum cum rubio talentatim: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port dargent une cheueron de geulles borduree de geulles talantee: Et anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth silver a Cheveron of gowles bordered with gowles talented. ¶ Of ●●m●●● bordered having 〈◊〉 cheverons of silver. etc. understand ye that certain times a bordure is borne in arms powdrid divers ways: other while with molettis: with rosis or with little crossis: or with besantis or other wise. And it is called a bordure powdrid when any thing is in that bordure: of whatsom ever sign it be /as it is said afore. And these signs as roses molettis and other are not counted for certain number /For the number of that powdering excedyth the number of ix And thenne that bordure is called powdered: as here. blazon or coat of arms And ye shall say that the possessor of these arms beareth in this wise as folowyth: Latin: ¶ Portat unum scutum de rubio cum duobus signis capitalibus de albo et una bordura puluerisata cum talentis: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port de geulles deux cheverons dargent et une bordure de geulles pouldree talentee: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth gowles two cheverons of silver and a bordure powdered with besanties. ¶ Yet there is another manner bordure that is called checkered. WE have yet another bordure in arms which is called a bordure checkerid. And it is called a checkerid bordure: for it is made of two colours by the manner of a chequer as here it appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And it shall be said ofhym the which beareth these arms in this wise as folowyth: Latin sic: ¶ Portat unam crucem rubiam planam in campo argenteo cum una bordura scaccata de nigro et argento: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port dargent une crois plain de geulles bordure check de sable et de argent: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth silver one croys plain of gowles a bordure checkered with sable and silver. ¶ Of borduries gobonated now here is an example. Know ye more over that yet beside these arms the which I have spoke afore with borduries: there is another bordure that is called a bordure gobonated: as here it shall be showed in this scochon next following. blazon or coat of arms And it is called gobonatid for it is made of two colours quadratly joynid That is to say /of black and white. And of hymthat beareth these arms ye shall say as folowyth: Latin sic: ¶ Portat de argento et duas bendas de nigro cum una bordura de nigro et albo gobonata: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port dor deux band et une bordure de sable et dargent: Anglice sic ¶ He beareth silver two bends of sable with a bordure gobonated of sable and silver. ¶ And this same bordure bore that noble prince: the duke of Gloucetre brother to that noble werryour and puissant king /king Henry the fifth. The which rial duke bore in his arms: the hole arms of France and of England quarterly with a bordure gobonated of silver and sable: as it showeth in divers places. ¶ And to blace these arms it nedyth not to be rehearsed /for it is sufficiently taught afore in divers places. ¶ Item of borduries had in arms of colouries invecked blazon or coat of arms blazon or coat of arms ¶ And this opinion afore rehearsed in the blazing pleased many a man: the which in no manner of wise may be true. For if these arms as it is said afore were contrary conyd: thenne the lowest corner of the coone of the armis That is to say the lowyst point of the shield may never be of one colour: as certainly it is of azure. OVer these things afore rehearsed in these arms it is certain that in all arms contrary conyd all the coonies of what somever colour the arms been made they meet together coonally in the mids of the shield /As in the next figure of the shield openly it shall be showed. ¶ wherefore as it appeareth to my reason: truelier they shall be blazed on this wise Except the greater authority /that the foresaid Earl of Narche beareth thus: Latin: ¶ Portavit arma barrata et capud scuti palatum et angularum de asorio et auro cum quodam scuto simplici de argento: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port barree et une chief palee cunnecte dasur et dor & une escu simple dargent: Et gallice sic: ¶ He beeryth barry and a chief pale angulated of azure and gold with a simple shield ofe silver. ¶ Of arms contrary coonyd here I will inform you. THere been yet forsooth divers noble men the which beat armis contrary conyd: as here in this scochon appeareth blazon or coat of arms & these arms be called contrary conyd for this cause /for all the colours of these arms meet together at one cone. that is to say at the myddyst point of the shield only. For every body trianguled is more of length than of breed /and namely conyd (ut pꝪ) Therefore thopinion of those men the which said that tharms afore rehercid /that is to wite of thearl's arms of March were paled barred and contrary conyd: is to be reproved. For so much that the conies of the foresaid arms accord not: the which of necessity should accord if the foresaid opinion were true. And of him that beareth these arms ye shall say: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma contraconata de blodio et albo: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port girone dasur et dargent: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth contrary conyd of azure & silver. ¶ Of pilyd arms now here it shall be showed. FOr asmuch as it is spoken afore of arms: in the which the colours meet together in the myddist point only Now folowyth of certain arms in which three piles meet together in one cone /as here in this figure. blazon or coat of arms & it shallbe said of him which beareth these arms Latin sic: ¶ Portat tres pilas nigras in campo aureo: Gallice: ¶ Il port dor tres pilliers de sable Anglice: ¶ He beareth gold three pilies of sable. Of balls in arms here now it shall be showed. Nevertheless ye must consydre a dyfferencein these blasynges of these arms afore: and these that come after when ye blaze them in latin tongue. For other while this term (pila) in latin is take for to be a piece of timber to be put under the pylar of a bridge or to such a like work as in th'example afore. blazon or coat of arms & other while this term (pila) is take for a certain round instrument to play with. which instrument serveth otherwhile to the hand and then it is called in latin (Pila manualis) as here. And other while it is an Instrument for the foot /and then it is called in latin (pila pedalis) a foot ball. Therefore it shall be said of him that beeryth these arms: Latin sic: ¶ Portat tres pilas argenteas in campo rubio: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port geulles trois pellettes dargent: Et anglice sic: ¶ He beareth gowles three balls of silver. ¶ Certainly ye must mark that in this figure of balls a man may soon err. Wherefore shortly it is to be known that such balls may have all colours but the colour of gold. For & they been of golden colours: they should be called talentis or besantis the which been ever of golden colour. ¶ Of tortellis or little cakys. THere been also tortellis that been little cakysthe which been greater than balls & the arms be truly made: as here it is open. blazon or coat of arms And he that beareth these arms beareth in this wise: Latin: ¶ Portat tres tortellas rubeas in campo aureo: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port dor et trois torteaulx de geulles: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth gold & three cakes of gowles. ¶ More over mark /that as well balls in arms as cakys & besantis always are hole round fyguries and not perforated. ¶ Of fontayns or wells here I will speak. NEuerthes there been certain noble men which bear such round fyguries /the which fyguries are called fountains or wells: as here appeareth. blazon or coat of arms The whichefontaynes evermore been of white colour for the thing the which they represent. For they represent evermore the colour of the water of a well the which is white. And of him that beareth these arms ye must say: Latin sic: ¶ Portat tres fontes in campo aureo: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port dor et trois fonteynnes: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth of gold and three wells. ¶ Of tynges which be other round instrument /I will speak AFter these round figures afore rehercedthere been certain figures the which been perforated: as be rings /as here appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And it shall be said of him that beareth these arms: Latin sic: ¶ Portat tres anulos aureos in campo nigro: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port de sable et trois annelettes dor: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth sable and three rings of gold. ¶ Of Tractys in arms/ AFore it is said of bordures in arms. now folowyth to see of tracties or linies /and first of a simple tract. and they been called tractis for asmuch as the field remaining of the arms as well within as wythoutand another line is drawn of another colour as here to the manner of a shield. blazon or coat of arms And it it shall be said of him that beareth these arms: Latin sic: ¶ Portat unum tractum simplicem planum aureum in campo asorio: Gallice sic ¶ Il port dasur une trace plain dor: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth azure a plain tract of gold.. ¶ Of a 〈…〉 ylyd on both the ●yd●●●●● here is an ensample A Tract or a line other while is ingraylydon both the parties: as here in this figure appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And thenne it shall be said of him that beeryth these arms in this wise: Latin sic: ¶ Portat unum tractum ex utraque part ingradatum de auro in campo rubio: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port de geulles une trasse ingraillee de chacun cost dor: Anglice sic: He belies gowles with a tract engrailed on both the sides of gold. ¶ Or a tract doubled & flourished it shall be showed. THis tract is other while doubled: as in tharms of the king of Scotlonde /as here in this scochon appeareth. & the foresaid king of Scotlonde beeryth in this wise first thus: Latin: ¶ Portat duplicem tractatum cum floribus gladioli contrapositis et uno leone rapacide rubeo in campo aureo: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port dor une double transse floretee contraree et une lion ramppant de geulles: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth gold a double trace flourished contrary and a lion ramping of gowles. ¶ Of tracties triplated and quatriplated otherwhile. ALso of these arms afore rehearsed I find more diversity /for there been certain noble men which bear these tracties triplated: as here in this figure. blazon or coat of arms And some bear it quatriplated: as is found in divers arms. And ye shall say of him that beareth these arms triplated thus: Latin: ¶ Portat tractum triplicatum de albo in campo aureo: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port dor une trasse triplee dargent: Anglice ¶ He beareth gold a trace triplated of silver. ¶ O a tract simple of two colours & invecked an ensample. THere been other noble men which bear a simple tract of two colours invecked: as here it shalbeshewed in this scochon. & the possessor of these arms beareth in this wise as folowyth: Latin: ¶ Portat unum tractum simplicem de coloribus asorio argenteo invectis in scuto aureo: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port dor une crass simple varree dasur et dargent: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth gold & a tract simple invecked of azure and silver. ¶ After tracties now it shall be spoken of fyssures or stavies AFore these fyssures it is spoken of bendis and their difference. Now it shall be spoken of fyssuries. the which certain fyssuries or stavies begin in the left horn of the shield: and are draw to the right part of the shield beneath to the difference of bends the which begin in the right horn of the shield and are draw to the left side of the shield beneath. And this way must the fyssure be draw. as here apperith in this figure. blazon or coat of arms ¶ And ye shall understand that these fissures dyffere asmany ways as the foresaid bends dyffere /But it nedyth not to be rehearsed: for it is plain showed afore. ¶ There be fyssuries or stavies plain ingradid invecked & fusillated: as I said afore in the place of bends /And these staves bastards are wont to beer: or namely they should beer them. And thenne this fyssure is called a staff /and in frensshe it is called a baston /But comynly it is called a fyssure for asmuch as he cleaveth his faders arms in two parts /for that bastard, is cloven & divided from the patrimony of his father. And such a bastard is forboden to bear the hole armis of his father for the reverence of his blood. but his faders arms he may beer with such a staff as is said afore: in sign & final declaration of his bastardy and to the difference of proper & natural heir of his father. ¶ And when ye have any such a plain fyssure or a staff in arms or engrailed invecked or fusillated: of that same staff ye shall say as afore is rehearsed in the chapiter of bends more plainly. And the bastard which beeryth these arms possessyth on this manner as now here followeth: Latin: ¶ Portat unam fissuram sive baculum aureum in campo asoreo: Gallice sic: Il port dasur et une fees dor: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth azure and a fissure or a staff of gold. ¶ Now hear I begin to speak of arms heeded as it aperyth. THere been certain noble men which beer arms heeded as here it appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And ye must know that these arms been called heeded: when the higher part of the shield /that is to say the heed is made of one colour or of moo than one. & that part extendyth not to the mids of the shield: as above it showeth by the shield. ¶ And know ye that in the heeded arms is a good manner of beering of divers arms: as by fortune some noble man hath many londis and gretelordshypns by his mother: for the which londis he intendyth to beer tharms of his mother. and so he may do /for it is rightwise. But he that dyscendyth of a noble father /or of a gentleman. by the which he had any simple patrimony /Thenne such a noble man and he will: may beer the hole arms of his mother in the lower part of his shield /and in such an heed as I said afore he may and he will beer the hole arms of his father. And it shall be said of him that beareth these arms in this wise: Latin sic: ¶ Portat unum signum capitale de nigro in campo aureo cum uno capite rubio et tribus talentis in eodem: Gallice: ¶ Il port dor une cheueron de sable et une cheyffe de geulles et trois besantꝭ en la mesmes: Anglice: ¶ He beareth gold a cheueron of sable with a cheyf of gowles and three besanties therein. ¶ And there been certain noble persons the which bear in the shield afore rehearsed of gold as is said afore a cheueron of sable or of some other colour and three red roses or white or some other signs: as crossis: cressantis: byrdys': or flouries /and a chief. some of sable /some of other colour with the sign of moletties or other tokening: the which nedyth not to be rehearsed. ¶ And thenne shall every one of them be blazed in his number like as the field and the signs require: as by fortune some men bear thus to say. ¶ He beeryth sable a cheueron of gold three red roses of gowles a chief of azure with three moletties perforated of vert. And thus of all other differences. ¶ Of Arms paled with one quarter of another colour. Certainly there been some noble men thewhyche bear in their arms one quarter of another colour differing from the colour or the colours of the shield: as here. blazon or coat of arms In the which arms it is to be said that the noble man the which beareth them: beeryth in this wise: Latin: ¶ Portat arma palata de asorso et auro cum una quarteria eremetica: Gallice: ¶ Il port pale dasur & dor une quarter dermynne: Anglice: ¶ He beareth paly asur & gold with one quarter of ermyn. ¶ And it is to be noted that ye must have a respect to the colour of the pale which should ascend to the right horn of the shield if the quarter were not there. And in the colour ye must evermore begin to blaze those arms like as the quarter were not there: as afore is rehearsed. ¶ Now o● arms checkered here ye shall have an example. MOre over other while we see arms checkered: as here now it aperyth in this figure following. blazon or coat of arms And they been called arms checkered when they are made of two colours to the manner of a chequer. & these armysreceyve many differences: as in heedis or quarters in barrys & bendis: and other while in cheverons /of whom it shall be spoken anon following. And of him which possessyth these arms ye shall say: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma scakkata de asorio et auro: Gallice: ¶ Il port etches dasur et dor: Anglice: ¶ He beareth chequer of azure and gold. ¶ Of cheverons the which in englysshe are called couples of sparries. WE have soothly in arms certain signs which are called cheverons in frensshe. And they been called in latin (signa capitalia: ul tigna) & in englysshe a couple of sparrys /as here is showed in these signs: which signesby likeness first were born of Carpentaries & makers of houses. blazon or coat of arms For an house is never made perfit till those sparrys been put upon it: by the manner of an heed. & two such sparres or cheverons joined together make a capital sign /that is to say: a couple of sparries. And other while two such been born in arms. & other while three: other while four as it is known. And of him that beareth these arms afore: ye shall say thus as folowyth: Latin: ¶ Portat de rubio et duo signa capitalia de auro cousin tribus talentis: Gallice: ¶ Il port de geulles et deux cheveryons dor et trois talentis: Anglice: ¶ He beareth gowles & two cheverons of gold with three besanties. Of a cheueron or a sign capital engrailed here is showed. ALso a cheueron is other while engrailed as here/ blazon or coat of arms And thenne it is to be said of him which beareth these arms: Latin sic: ¶ Portat unum signum capitale ingradatum de albo in campo asoreo: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port de asur une cheueron dargent ingraylee: Anglice: ¶ He beareth asur & a cheueron of silver engrailed. ¶ Of divers & marvelous cheverons yet I will speak. Moore over yet in these signies of cheverons other while is found a doubt in the blazing of them /when they been made of divers colours transmutid: as here in this scochon appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And of him which beareth these arms ye shall say: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma quarteriata de nigro et argento cu uno signo capitali de dictis coloribus transmutatis: Gallice sic: Il port quarterle de fable et dargent et une cheueron chaungee lung de lautre: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth quarterly sable & silver with a cheueron of the said colours transmuted. ¶ Of cheverons differing on the long way. ALso these signs or cheverons be deferred after the long way in arms: as here in this figure apperith. blazon or coat of arms And thenne of him which beareth these arms ye shall say: Latin: ¶ Portat arma ꝑtita scdm longum de coloribus aureo et rubeo cum uno signo capitali de dictis coloribus transmutatꝭ: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port party du long dor et geulles une cheueron chaungee lung de laultre: Anglice: ¶ He beareth party after the long way of two colours gold and gowles with a cheueron of the said colours transmuted. ¶ Of dowtis among Herroddis in blazing these arms suenge ENonge other doubts: about the blazing of tharms here following now next I have herd Herrodies pretending themselves very cunning in blazing of arms marvelously to dream in the blazing of these said arms. and some hold one opinion and some another. blazon or coat of arms Nevertheless it is no great need to doubt in the blazing oftheym as to cunning men. Therefore of him that beareth these arms ye shall say: Latin: ¶ Portat duas ꝑtes capitis scuti de rubio et tercian part de albo ad modum signi capital et tres rosas de coloribus transmutatis: Gallice: Il port lez deux parties du chief de geulles et le troiseme de argent ꝑtiez en manner dun cheueron et troys roses lung de latre: Anglice: ¶ He beeryth two parts of the heed of the shield goules & the third part silver by the manner of a cheueron and three roses or the same colours transmuted. ¶ Of arms tu●yllyd: in englysshe /spyndyls now I will speak Certain gentlemen there been & nobles which bear in their arms fusellies /Of the number of whom the duke of Gloucetre that noble prince uncle to king Henry the sixth was. For he had in his arms three fusyllies of gowles by the manner of a bar in a field of silver. The which certain arms this noble duke bore by the reason of certain londis belonging to the mount. blazon or coat of arms But ye shall say of him that beareth these arms in this scochon: Latin sic: ¶ Portat de rubio et tres fusules de argento: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port de geulles et trois fusules dargent: Anglice: ¶ He beareth gowles & three fusules of silver. And otherwhile these three fusules or four been born by the manner of a pale. ¶ It is to be noted that when three fusules or four are born or mo to the number of ix which number if they exceed: say ever more that those arms been powdered with fusules or other things & noon otherwise. And so generally ye must know that if any thing be born in arms over the number of ix then those armis what somever they been they are powdered. Of one fusyll born in arms here I will example. OTher while one fusyll is born all one inarmies: as here in this figure it aperyth/ blazon or coat of arms in which matter I have herd certain Herrodys' doubt in their opinions. Nevertheless it is certain that ye shall say of him the which beareth these arms without doubt: Latin sic: ¶ Portat de rubio cum uno fusulo de auro: Gallice: ¶ Il port de geulles une fusil dor: Anglice: ¶ He beareth gowles & a fusyll of gold. ¶ Of a fusyll of divers colours now here I will speak. ALso these fusils sometime are born of divers colours: as here in this figure it is showed. blazon or coat of arms But it is a more doubt how these arms should be blazed than the arms afore. But ye shall say of him which berech these arms: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma ꝑtita extransuer so de albo et nigro cum uno fusulo ex eisdem coloribus transmutatis: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port party de trauers dargent & sable et une fusyll de mesmes colours lung de latre: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth arms parted overwhart of silver & sable with a fusyll of the same colours transmuted. ¶ Of fusils by the manner of a bend here I will somewhat say Moore over such fusils are born in arms by the manner of a bend: as here now aperyth. blazon or coat of arms And thenne ye shall say of him which possessyth these arms: Latin sic: ¶ Portat unam bendam fusillatam de auro in campo rubio: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port de geulles une bend fusil dor: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth gowles & a bend fusiled of gold. ¶ Of a bar fusiled in arms here is an example. ALso there been borne in arms these fusyllies in a bar fusiled: as here it aperyth. blazon or coat of arms And then it is to be said of him which hath these arms: Latin sic: Portat ar de rubio en una barra fusillata de argento: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port de geulles une bar fusulee dargent: Et anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth gowles and a bar fusiled of silver. And some men say that the foresaid arms began of Vuevers: for as much as Vuevers usen such fusyllies made of sponnen wulle. ¶ Know ye the difference betwyx fusyllis: masculis: & losyngꝭ NOw here ye shall know the difference betwyx fusyllis mascules & losyngiss. Wherefore it is to be known that fusils are ever more long. Also fusils are streytter overwharte in the belly than are mascules. And mascules are larger overwhart in the belly: and shorter in length than been fusyllis: as here in this scochon it appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And it shall be said of him that possesseth these arms in this wise: Latin: ¶ Portat de rubio et sex masculas de auro: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port de geulles et uj mascules dor: Et anglice sic: ¶ He beareth gowles & uj mascules of gold. ¶ And these mascules other while are perforated as I said afore in the chapter of the cross masculated. ¶ Of another manner of mascules yet here I will speak. ALso other while are borne arms masculated: as here in this figure following is showed. blazon or coat of arms And ye shall understand that those arms be called masculatid in which the foresaid mascules begin most plentevouslyin the right angle of the shield /and are ended toward the left part. which certain arms in very deed are paled/ & are divided in to three pales if they been subtilely conceived. And of him that beareth these arms it shalbe said: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma masculata de argento et asorio: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port dargent et dasur masculee: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth of silver and azure masculated. ¶ Of losynges how & what manner of wise they been made. ALso losyngꝭ no manner of wise been made but in arms bended. Nor they may not be made by themselves. & they been made always as these been made bendid. And ye shall have the mood very difference betwyx the foresaid maculated arms & bended in the pictures of the foresaid arms. And ye must take this for a general information & instruction: that certainly losyngꝭ evermore stand upright: that is to say /that the highest point or the height ever ascendeth to heaven or to a man's heed. so the the highest point extendyth utterly to the heed of the shield. & of the overwharte corners one extendyth utterly to the right side. and the other corner extendyth to the left side of the shield. And the lowest part extendyth to the lowest part of the shield dyametraliter: as it is open in the shield next afore. blazon or coat of arms And so without doubt we have the difference of the foresaid signies: that is to wite /of mascules & losyngiss. Nota ¶ Also the foresaid fusils never been found perforated nor losynges aforesaid ben never perforated. ¶ Now of a sight in arms that is called a Saltori: a manner of a cross THere is another manner of sign in arms by diverse noble men borne: which is called a Saltori. And it is made by the manner of a cross of saint Andrew: as here now it appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And this cross is likened after certain men to an instrument made in divers parks: which is of a great magnitude or largnes to the comparison of this sign. And it is well know of noble gentlemen & hunters: that such saltatoryes are ordained in many parks & places to take wild bestis: which once there entering: by the instrument may never go again. wherefore in old time these signies were give to rich men/ & other wise called (Auari) nygonns or keepers. which suffer not their treasures in what manner of wise they been goat to pass fro them. And of him which possessyth these arms ye shall say: Latin sic ¶ Portat de asorio et unum saltatorium de auro: Gallice: ¶ Il port dasur vng saultiere dor: Et anglice sic: ¶ He beareth azure & a saltory or a sawtry of gold. ¶ Of arms sawtrie engraded here I will example. HOw here ye must know that these arms sawtre been other while engraded: as here in this figure now appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And thenne they been called sawtre engradid: as it is said afore in many places. As of the cross engraded of barrys and bendis. And of him that beareth these arms ye shall say: Latin: ¶ Portat unum saltatorium ingradatum de auro in campo asorio: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port de azure une saultier dor engraylee: Et anglice sic: ¶ He beareth azure and a cross sawtre of gold engraded. ¶ Of many crosses sawtre born in arms engraded an example Otherwhile there been borne many crossys sawtre in arms engraded in one shield /other while two: other while three: as here. blazon or coat of arms And of him that beareth these armysthus it shall be said: Latin: ¶ Portat unam barram planam & tria saltatoria ingradata de auro in campo rubeo: Et gallice sic: Il port de geulles une bar plain et trois saultiers engreiles dor: Et anglice sic: ¶ He beareth gowles one bar plain and three sawtre crossys engraded of gold. ¶ Of crowns in arms born by the manner of a pale. IT is diligently to be marked: that when we say such a lord beareth three such signies /How these three signs are born in arms we say not alway. For other while these iij. signs are put in a shield in manner of a pale/ & then they been called signs paled: as here in this figure it appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And of him that hath these arms ye shall say: Latin: ¶ Portat tres coronas de anro palatas in campo asorio: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port dasur et troys corones dor palees: Anglice sic: ¶ He beareth azure and three crowns of gold paled. ¶ Of crowns in arms born barrid here I will inform you HOw these three signs other while been borne barred here now appeareth in this figure. blazon or coat of arms And then of him that beareth these arms ye shall say: Latin: ¶ Portat tres coronas aureas in campo asorio: Gallice sic: ¶ Il port dasur et trois corones barrez dor: Anglice: ¶ He beareth azure & three crowns of gold. ¶ Of three crowns born in the corners of the shield. Certainly these three crowns been born in the most common way in the corners of the shield: as here in this scochon it aperyth. blazon or coat of arms And thenne ye must thus say: that these three signs been borne in the corners of theshelde. For that is the most common & the most famoust manner of bearing of these three signs or any manner signs. Therefore ye shall say that such a lord beareth this wise as here folowyth: Latin: ¶ Portat de asoreo et tres coronas aure as. non expremendo loca: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port dasur et troys corones dor: Et anglice sic: ¶ He beereth azure and three crowns of gold. ¶ Of fishes born in arms in divers wise here is a doctrine A New doubt yet is found in arms /foras moche as there was a certain man that height (Petrus de rupibus) in time passed: the bishop of wynchestre: which bore in his arms three roches after his own name. In which arms it is doubted: whither it is ynouh to say in the blazing of them /that he bore three fishes alone: as here in this scochon. blazon or coat of arms & certainly I think nay /for the rule gooing afore. But it is thus to be said of the said Petre: Latin ¶ Portavit tres huiusmodi pisces argenteos natantes in campo nigro Gallice sic ¶ Il port de sable et trois roches noyant dargent. Anglice sic. ¶ He beareth sable & three roches swiming of silver. ¶ And thenne to the arms of Galfride Lucy: as here now it appeareth in this figure. blazon or coat of arms And ye must say that he bore thus: Latin ¶ Portavit tres lucios aureos in campo rubeo: Et gallice sic: ¶ Il port de geulles et trois lucez dor: Anglice sic: ¶ He beeryth gowles & three luces of gold. The which certain blazing without declaration here is enough For the foresaid fishes are in their proper places as I said in the rule afore. ¶ But what shall be said of this man then: the which beareth two barbellis turning their backꝭ to guider: as here appeareth. blazon or coat of arms You must say Latin sic▪ ¶ Portat duos barbillos aureos adinuicem terga vertentes in scuto asoreo puluerisato cum crucibus cruciatis figitivis de auro: Et gallice sic ¶ Il port dasur poudre dez croys crocelez fichez et duex barbeaulx dos an dos dor: Et anglice sic ¶ He beareth azure powdered with crosses croslettis pitch and two barbelles of gold back to back. ¶ Of arms the which are called frectis here now I will speak A Certain noble baron: that is to say /the lord Awdeleye of the realm of England bore in his arms a Frecte /which certain frecte in many arms of divers gentlemen is found other while red other while gold /and other while black other while simple & other while double other while triple. & other while it is multiplied over all the shield: as here it appeareth. blazon or coat of arms And ye must understand one great difference betwyx arms bended and these arms which been made with the foresaid frecties. wherefore it is to be marked: that in the bended arms the colours being contained equally are divided. But in these frectes the field always abideth hole: as here. & this foresaid lord Andeley beareth: Latin sic: ¶ Portat arma frectata de auro in campo rubeo: Gallice: ¶ Il port de geulles une frecte dor: Anglice ¶ He beareth gowles & a frecte of gold. ¶ Of arms having beasts salienting or tamping. Beasts in arms of divers nobles are born ramping: as here in this figure following appeareth/ blazon or coat of arms of which in the book afore I have no mention. And of him that is possessor of these arms ye shall say: Latin sic: Portat de rubio et unum leonun de argento: Gallice: ¶ Il port de geulles ungleon saliantz de argent: Anglice: ¶ He beareth goules & a lion ramping of silver. And he is called a lion ramping for this cause /for asmuch as the right foot ascendith to the right horn of the shield /and the left foot descendyth in to the foot of the shield as appeareth in the figure. And this same manner is observed in all bestis having four feet /that is to say: in lions: leoperdies beers: doggys' with other like to them. ¶ Of arms barred & of labellies born in arms. blazon or coat of arms blazon or coat of arms blazon or coat of arms blazon or coat of arms blazon or coat of arms blazon or coat of arms ¶ And the third children of those men shall bear their difference not in their faders arms /but in borduries and divisions diverse. ¶ And like as the children of the second brother bearing three labellies are divided & dyfferyd by their signs & bordur /So the children of the third brother bearing four labellis: bear the same arms that their father died & also many labellis. And they are differid by their signs & bordures: as afore is rehercid & divers other /As other while a lion ramping one part red another black. NOw certainly of all the signs which are founden in arms: as of flouries leaves and other marvelous tokens /I can not declare here there been so many. But ye shall know generally that for all tharms which lightly any man hath seen in his days: ye have rules sufficient as I believe to discern & blaze any of them /and it be so that ye be not in your mind to hasty or to swift in the dyscerning Nor ye may not overrenne swiftly the foresaid rules /but diligently have them in your mind. and be not to full of conceits. For he that will hunt two haries in one hour: or one while one /another while another lightly he loseth both. Therefore take heed to the rules. if so be that they been not a general doctrine: yet shall they profit for this science greatly. ¶ Mark ye well these questions here now following. But now is a question I will proceed /and that is this. whither the arms of the granting of a prince or of other lords are better or of such dignity: as arms of a man's propre authority taken. when that it is leyffull to every noble man to take to him arms at his pleysure: For the which question it is to be known that four manner wise we have arms. ¶ The first manner of wise we have our own arms which we bear of our father or of our mother or of our predecessors. the which manner of bearing is common and famous in which I will not stand long. for that manner is best proved. ¶ The second manner we have arms by our merytis as very plainly it appeareth by thaddition of the arms of France to tharms of England getin by that most noble man: prince Edward the first gotten son of king Edward the third that time king of England after the taking of king Iohn of France in the battle of Peyters. The which certain addition was leyffull and ryghtwysly done. And on the same manner of wise might a poor Archer have taken a prince or some noble lord. and so the arms of that prisoner by himself so take ryghtwysly he may put to him & to his heirs. ¶ On the third manner of wise we have arms which we beer by the granting of a prince or of some other lords ¶ And ye must know that those arms which we have of the granting of a prince or of a lord receive no question why that he beeryth those same. For why the prince will not that such a question be asked: why he gave to any man such an arms /as it is plain in the law of nature & Civil. For that same that plesyth their prince hath the strength of law: but if any man bore those arms afore. For that thing which is mine with a rightwise title without deserving may not be take fro me /nor the prince may not do it ryghtwysly. ¶ The fourth manner wise we have those arms the which we take on our one proper authority: as in these days openly we see /how many poor men by their grace favour labour or deserving are made nobles Some by their prudence: some by their manhood: some by their strength: some by their cunning some by other virtues. And of these men many by their own authority have take arms to be borne to them & to their heirs /of whom it nedyth not here to rehearse the names. Nevertheless arms that been so taken they may leyffully and freely beer But yet they been not of so great dignity & authority as those arms the which are granted day by day by the authority of a prince or of a lord. Yet arms by a man's proper authority take: if another man have not borne them afore: be of strength enough ¶ And it is thopinyon of many men that an Herrode of arms may give arms: But I say if any such arms be borne by any Herrode given /that those arms been of no more authority than those arms which been take by a man's own authority. ¶ Here in this book afore been showed the treatises pertaining to hawking & hunting with other divers playsaunt materes belonging unto noblesse: and also a right noble treatise of Cotarmours /as in this present book it may appear. And here we end this last treatise which specyfyeth of blazing of arms imprinted at westminster by winkin the word the year of thincarnation of our lord. M. CCCC.lxxxxvi. heraldic woodcut Dieu et mon droit printer's device of Wynkyn de Worde