The book of hawking hunting and fishing, with all the properties and medicines that are necessary to be kept.  
  

The true form of keeping of hawks as hath been used in times past. And first to speak of hawks from an egg till they been able to be taken.  
FOr to speak of hawks. First they been eggs. And after they been disclosed hawks & commonly goshawks been disclosed as soon as the choughes, in some place more timely after the country is of here & timely breeding. And we shall say that hawks done eyere & not breed in the woods. And we shall say that hawks done draw when they bear tymbring to their nests, and not they build, ne make their nests. And in the time of their love they call, and not calk. And we shall say that they tred● And when they been unclosed and begin for to feather any thing of length: anon by kind they will draw somewhat out of the nest, and draw to bows & come again to their nest. And then they been called bowesses. And after saint Margarettes day they flee from tree to tree. And then they been called braunchers. And then it is time for to take them. And seven nights before saint Margaretes day and seven nights after is the best taking of spatehaukes.  

¶ How ye shall demean you in taking of hawks & with what instruments, & how you shall call them.  
WHo will take hawks: he must have nets which been called urines, & those must be made of good small thread, and it had need be died either green or blue for espying of the hawk. And he must take with him needle and thread to ensyle the hawks that been taken. And in this manner they must be ensiled. Take the needle and thread: and put it through the over eye lid and so of that other, & make them fast under the beck that she see not. Then she is ensyled as she ought to be. Some use to ensyle them with the neither eye ●yd above the beck on the head almost, but that is the worst way. For of ●eason the overlyd closeth more justly than the neither, because of the largeness, when she is ensyled: bear her home on thy fist and cast her on a perch, & let her stand there a night and a day. And on that other day toward night take and cut easily the threads and take them away softly for breaking of the eye lids. Then loft and fair begin to feed her, & deal easily with her ti● she will sit upon thy fist. For it is dread for hurting of her wings. And then the same night after the feeding: wa●● her all night, and on the morrow all day, than she will b● privy enough to be reclaimed. And the first meat tha● she shall eat: let it be hot, and give her enough thereof.   

¶ How your hawk may be drawn to reclaim and the manner of her diet.  
ANd if your hawk be hard penned, she may be drawn to be reclaimed. For all the while that she is tender penned: she is not able to be reclaimed. And if she be a goshawk or tercell that shall be reclaimed: ever feed her with washed meat at the drawing, and at the reclaiming. But look it be hot, and in this manner wash it. Take the meat & go to the water, & strike it up & down in the water, & wring the water out, & feed her therewith and she be a brauncher. And if it be an eyes: ye must wash the meat cleaner than ye do to a brauncher, & with a linen cloth wipe it and feed her. And ever more the third day give her casting when she is fleeing, if she be a goshawk or tercel in this manner. Take new blanket cloth and cut five pellettes thereof an inch long, and take flesh and cut five morsels. And with a knives point make an hole in every morsel, and put therein the pellettes of cloth. And take a fair dish with water & put them therein. Then take the hawk and give her a morsel of hot meat the quantity of half her supper. Then take that that lieth in the water and feed her for all night.   

¶ How you shall feed your hawk and know her infirmy●ies and there be many diverse of them.  
IF your hawk be a sparrowhawk, ever feed her with unwashed meat, & look that her casting be plumage. Then look it be clean under the perch. And on the next day ye shall find the casting under the perch, and thereby ye shall know whether the hawk be clean or not. For some piece will be yellow, & some green, & some glaymous, and some clear, & if it be yellow: she engendereth the frounce, which is an evil that will rise in the mouth or in the cheek, & if it be green: she engendereth the rye, the condition of this evil is this. It will arise in the head & make the head to swell & in the eyen glemous & dark, & but it have help it will down into the legs & make the legs to rankle, & if it go fro the legs into the head again: thy hawk is but lost, & if it be glaimous & roping: she engendereth an evil called the cry, that is when an hawk may not muteise.  
¶ Mark well your medicines hear following.   

¶ A medicine for the frounce in the mouth.  
Take a silver spoon & put the small end in the fire till it be hot. Then let hold the hawk, & open her beak & bren the sore, & anoint it with the marry of a goose that hath lain long, & she shallbe whole. And if the frounce be waxed as great as a nut: then is therein a grub, which ye shall cut with a razor in this manner. Let hold the hawk and slit the place where the sore is, & ye shall find therein as it were the maw of a pigeon, take it out all whole, & take a pair of sheres & nit the hole of the sore and make it as fair as ye may with a linen cloth, and wipe clean the blood away, & anoint the sore with balm four days suingly, and afterward with pampilion till it be whole.   

❧ How the frounce cometh.  
❧ The frounce cometh when a man feedeth his hawk with pork or cats flesh four days together.   

❧ How the rye cometh.  
❧ For default of hot meat this sickness the rye cometh.   

❧ How the cry cometh.  
❧ The cry cometh of washed meat which is washed with hot water in the default of hot meat. Also it cometh of threads which been in the flesh that the hawk is fed with. For though ye pick the flesh never so clean yet ye shall find threads therein.   

❧ When your hawk shall bathe her.  
☞ And evermore each third day let your hawk bathe her during the summer, if it be fair wether. And once in a week in winter if it be fair wether & not else. And when ye bathe your hawk: ever give her a morsel of hot meat unwashed, though she be a goshawk.   

❧ How ye may cause your hawk to flee with a courage in the morning.  
❧ If ye will that your hawk flee in the morning tide: feed her the night before with hot meat, & wash the same meat in urine, & wring out the water clean, & that shall make her to have lust & courage to flee in the morning in the best manner.   

❧ How you shall guide you if your hawk be full gorged and ye would soon have a flight.  
❧ If your hawk be full gorged and that ye would soon upon have a flight: take four corns of wheat and put them in a morsel of flesh, & give the same morsels to the hawk, and she will cast anon all that she hath with in her. And anon after that she hath cast: look that ye have a morsel of hot meat to give her. And if your hawk be overgorged: give her the same medicine.   

❧ A medicine for the rye  
❧ Take dasye leaves and stamp them in a mortar and wring out the juice, and with a pen put it in the hawks nates once or twice when the hawk is small gorged. And anon after let her tire, and she shallbe whole as a fish. Or else take percelye roots and serve her with them in the same manner, and when she tireth: hold rue in your hand with the tiring, and that shall make her void. But it is perilous to use it often that the juice fall ne spring in to her eyen.  
❧ Also and you give your hawk fresh butter or marry of hogs that is in the bone of the but of pork, it shall make her to cast water well at the nares, & it will keep the nares open. But it will make her hawtaine and proud.  
❧ A medicine for the cry, and more f●lowe.  
❧ Take & chaufe with your hands the fundament of your hawk with warm water a long time. And after that take the powder of saxyfrage, or else the powder of rue, and a quantity of may butter, and temper it well together till they been even meddled. Then put it in a little box and stop it fast. And as oft as ye feed your hawk an whole meal: anoint her meat a little therewith, and that shall make her to love meat the better for love of the ointment. And it shall save her from the cry and from many other sicknesses that gender oft in a hawk.  
❧ Also take the hot heart of an hog or a pig & feed her two days therewith, and she shallbe whole.  
❧ Also take pork & we●e it in hot milk of a cow, & feed the hawk therewith, & that shall make her muteyse at the best wise. And pork with the marry of the bone of the butt of pork shall make her muteyse, & feed her with both together. Also use her to fresh butter, and it will do the same. Also one meal or two at the most of the hot liver of a pig shall make her muteyse well. Beware give her not to great a gorge thereof, for it is a perilous meat. Also take the white of an egg, & labour the same in a sponge as well as ye would make glayre for red ink till it be like water. Put the same in a vessel and let the meat that shallbe for her supper lie and step therein all the day before, and that night feed her therewith. And that which shall be for her dinner in the morning let it lie all the night, but in any wise look that ye have alway fresh glayre, and if her feeding be pork it is the better, that is proved▪   

¶ The kindly terms that belong to hawks.  
IN the beginning of kindly speech of the terms that belong unto hawks: here may ye find them, ❧ The first is hold fast at all times, & specially when she bateth. It is called bating for she bateth with herself moste often causeless. The second is rebate your hawk to your fist, and that is when your hawk bateth, the least moving that ye can make with your fist she will rebate again on your fist. The third is, feed your hawk, and not give her meat. The four an hawk suyteth or sueth hrr beak and not wipeth her beck. The .v. your hawk souketh and not sleepeth. The vi your hawk proyneth, & not picketh, & she proineth not but when she beginneth at her legs, & fetcheth moisture like oil at her tail, and bawmeth her feet, and shaketh the feathers of her wings through her beak. And it is called the note, when that she fetcheth such oil. And ye shall know that an hawk would not be let of her pruning. For at such time as she proyneth: she is liking and lusty, & when she hath done: she will rouse her mightily. And sometime your hawk countenaunceth as she picketh her, and yet she proyneth not. And than ye must say, she reformeth her feathers, and not picketh her feathers. The vii your hawk colyeth, and not becketh. The viii she rouseth, and not shaketh herself. The ix she straineth, and not claweth ne scratcheth. The ten she mantelleth, and not stretcheth when she putteth her legs from her one after an other, & her wings follow her legs, than she doth mantel her. And when she hath mantled her and bringeth both her wings together over her back, you shall say your hawk warbelleth her wings. And that is one term due therefore. The xi ye shall sai your hawk mutesseth or muteth, & not shyteth. The xii ye shall say cast your hawk upon the perch, and not set up your hawk upon the perch.   

☞ Hear ye shall understand furthermore other manner of terms that belong unto hawks for to commend them for diverse of their properties.  
first ye shall say, this is a fair hawk, an huge hawk, a long hawk, a short chick hawk, and say not this is a great hawk. Also ye shall say, this hawk hath a large beak or a short beak, & not call it bill. An huge head, or a small head fair seasoned, ye shall say your hawk is full gorged, and not cropped, & your hawk putteth over and endueth, and yet she doth both diversly.   

❧ How your hawk putteth over.  
An hawk putteth over when she removeth the meat from her gorge into her bowels, and thus ye shall know it when she putteth over: she traverseth with her body, & specially with her neck as a crave doth or an other bird.   

❧ When ye shall say endueth and emboweled.  
An hawk endueth never as long as her bowels been full at her feeding. But as soon as she is fed and resteth she endueth little and little, and if her gorge be wide and the bowel in any thing styffeth, ye shall say she is emboweled, and have not fully endued, and as long as ye may find any thing in her bowels: it is right perilous to give her any meat.   

❧ Mark well these terms following.  
Say an hawk hath a long wing, a fair long tail with vi bars out, and standeth upon the seventh. This hawk is enter●enned, that is to say when the feathers of the wings been between the body & the thighs This hawk hath an huge leg, or a flat leg, or a round leg, or a fair e●seted leg.   

¶ To know the mail of an hawk.  
Hawks have white mail, canuasmaile, or red mail▪ And some call red mail iron mail, white mail is soon known. Canuasmaile is between white mail and iron mail, and iron mail is very red.   

❧ Plumage and cast your hawk.  
A Goshauke nor Tercell in their sore age have not their nails named, but is called their plumage, & after the cote: it is called their mail, and if your hawk reward to any foul by countenance for to flee thereto: ye shall say cast your hawk thereto, and not flee thereto.   

❧ Nomme or seized.  
And if your hawk nomme a foul, & the foul break away fro her, she hath discomfit many feathers of the foul & is broken away, for in kindly speech ye shall say your hawk hath nommed or seized a foul, & not taken it.   

❧ Wherefore an hawk is called a ryfeler.  
And oftentimes it happeth many a hawk for eagerness when she should nomme a foul he seizeth but the feathers. And as oft as he doth so he rifleth, therefore such hawks been called ryfelers, if they do oft so.   

❧ How ye shall name the members of your hawks in convenable terms.  
NOowe ye shall understand the names of the members of hawks, to begin at their feet, and go upward, as knights been harnessed and a●med so we shall enaime her.   

❧ Talons.  
first the great cleiss behind that stryneth the back of the hand, ye shall call them talons.   

¶ Pounces.  
The cleiss within the foot ye shall call a right her pounces.   

¶ Long sengles.  
But cectainly the cleiss that are upon the middle stretchers ye shall call the long sengles.   

❧ Petye sengles.  
And the uttermost cleiss ye shall call ●he petty sengles.   

❧ The key or closer.  
understand ye also that the long sengles been called the key of the foot, or the closer. For what thing soever it be that your hawk straingeth: is upon the single, & all the foot is thereupon, for the strength thereof fortifyeth all the foot.   

❧ Setes of watery or waxy colour.  
Also understand ye that the skin about your hawks legs & her feet is called the setes of her legs & her feet whether they been watery hewed or waxy colour yellow.   

❧ The beme feathers, full summed, full fermed and reclaimed.  
AN hawk hath twelve feathers upon her tail, and one principal feather of the same in the mids, & in manner all the other are covered under the same feather, and that is called the beme feather of the tail. And there goeth black bars overthwart the tail. And those same bars shall tell you when she is full summed or full fermed. For when she is full barred: she standeth upon seven and then she is perfit ready to be reclaimed.  
❧ Ye shall understand that as long as an hawk standeth under the numbered of seven bars, & she be in her sore age: it must be said that she is not full summed. For so long she is but tender penned, whether she be brauncher or eyes. And if she be a mewed hawk & stand within seven bars: ye shall say she is not full fermed. For she is not able to be reclaimed because she is drawn to soon out of the mewe for she is hard penned no more than a sor● hawk.   

¶ Brayles or braylfethers degouted.  
¶ To know furthermore of hawks. An hawk hath long small white feathers hanging under the tail from her bowel downward. And the same feathers ye shall call the brayles, or the brailfethers. And commonly every goshawk and every tercelles brayles been disprenged with black speckes like armyns. And for all that they been accounted never the better. But and a sparrowhawk be so armyned upon the brayles, or musket: ye shall say, she is degouted to the uttermost brayle, & much it betokeneth hardiness.   

¶ Breast feathers, plumage, barb feathers, pendaunt feathers.  
❧ The feathers aboutt the former parties of an hawk been called breast feathers, & the feathers under the wings are plumage. The feathers under the beak been called the barb feathers. And the feathers that been at the joint at the hawks knee: they stand hanging and sharp at the ends, those been called the pendaunt feathers.   

¶ Flag or flags feathers.  
¶ The feathers at the wings next to the body be called the flag or flags feathers.   

❧ Beme feathers of the wing sercell.  
❧ And the long feathers of the wings of an hawk been called beme feather of the wing. And the feathers that some call the pinion feather of an other foul: of an hawk it is called the sercell. And ye shall understand if an hawk be in mew, the same sercell shallbe the last feather that she will cast, & till that be cast: she is never mewed, yet it hath been seen that hawks have cast the same first as I have heard say, but the other rule is general. And when she hath cast her sercelles in mewe: then and no sooner it is time for to feed her with washed meat, & to begin to ensayme her.   

❧ Ensayme.  
❧ Ensayme of an hawk is the grease. And but if that be take away with feeding of washed meat and otherwise: as it shallbe declared hereafter, she will gender a panel which may be her uttermost confusion, and she fl●e therewith and take blood and cold thereupon.   

¶ Covertes or covert feathers.  
❧ There been also feathers that close upon the sercelles, and those same been called the coverts or the covert feathers and so all the feathers been called that been next over the long beme feathers are the sagge feathers upon the wings.   

❧ Back feathers.  
❧ The feathers upon the back half been called the back feathers.   

❧ Beak, Clap, Nares, Sete.  
❧ The beak of the hawk is the upper part that is crooked.  
❧ The neither part of the beak is called the clap of the hawk.  
¶ The holes in the hawks beak been called the Nares.  
¶ The yellow between the beak and the eyes is called the sear.   

❧ Crynettes.  
¶ There been on an hawk long small black feathers like heres about the sear, and those same be called crynettes of the hawk.   

❧ Sore age.  
Ye shall understand that the first year of an hawk, whether she be a brauncher or eyesse, that first is called her sore age. And all that year she is called a sore hawk, for and she escape that ye●e with good feeding she is likely to endure long.   

❧ To reclaim an hawk.  
IF ye will reclaim your hawk, ye must depart one meal into three meals unto the time that she will come to reclaim. And when she will come to reclaim, increase her meals every day better and better. And or she come to the reclaim, make her that she sore not, for though she be well reclaimed it may hap that she will sore so high into the air that ye shall neither see nor find her And if your hawk shall flee to the partridge, look that ye ensayme her or she flee, whether she be brauncher or eyesse or mewed hawk.   

☞ When an hawk is called an eyesse.  
An hawk is called an eyesse fro her eyen. For an hawk that is brought up under a buzzard or puttock as many been have watery eyen. For when they been disclosed and kept in farm till they be full summed: ye shall know that by their wratry eyen. And also her look will not be so quick as a braunchers is. And so because the best knowledge is by the eye, they be called eyesses. Ye may also know an eyesse by the paleness of the seres of her legs or the sear over the beak, and also by the taints that been upon her tail and her wings, which tayntes come for lack of feeding when they been eyesses.   

¶ What a taint is.  
A taint is a thing that goeth overthwart the feathers of the wings and of the tail like as it were eaten with worms. And it beginneth first to breed at the body in the pen. And that same pen shall frete a sondre and fall away through the same taint, and than is the hawk disparaged for all that year.   

❧ medicines to ensayme your hawk.  
Take the root of ras●e and put it in clean water and lay your flesh therein to temper a great while, and give it to your hawk to eat, and if she eat thereof: dread not but it shall abate her grease. But within three days she shall not greatly abate.  
Also take Pulyall and garlic and stamp it well together, and wring out the juice in a dish, and than wet the flesh therein, and feed your hawk therewith and but it temper your hawk, that is to say, ensayme your hawk within four days: I marvel. But look every day that ye make new juice, and when ye feed her wet your meat therein. Also take juice of Mercely mores, otherwise called percely roots, and the same of Ysope, and wash your flesh therein, and your hawk shall be ensaymed kindly, and no great abate to the hawk.  
Some use to lay their flesh in water almost a day and give the same to the hawk at supper. And that lieth all night to give to her in the morning, and thus to feed them in mewe or they been drawn about a month or vi weeks, and to ensayme them or they come on fist, & as soon as they cast their sercell: then is the time to fee● them so.   

❧ How your hawk ensaymeth.  
❧ understand ye for certain that as long as your hawks feet been blackish and rough: she is full of grace and ever as she ensaymeth, her feet will wax yellow and smooth.   

❧ How you shall guide you when your hawk is ready to flee, and ye shall say put up the partridge.  
WHen ye have ensaymed your hawk and reclaimed her, and that she is ready to flee to the partridge: ye must take a partridge in your bag & go into the field, and let your spanyelles find a covy of partridges. And when they been up & begin to scatter: ye must have markers to some of them and then couple up your spaniels, for when ye have so done: let some fellow of yours privily, take the partridge out of your bag, and tie it by the leg with a cryaunce, and cast it up as high as ye can. And as soon as the hawk seeth her: she will flee thereto, and if your hawk seize the partridge above, give her a reward thereupon, & go after that by leyser to the partridge that been marked, and do as I shall tell you here following. If ye have a chastised spaniel that will be rebuked & is a retryver: uncouple him & no more of your spaniels, & go to a single partridge of the covy so sparkled, and be as nigh as ye can to the rising thereof, & if your hawk desire: cast her to, & if she take it them is your hawk made for that year, & of the same partriche that she slayeth thus ye must reward her as it showeth here following.   

❧ How ye shall reward your hawk.  
¶ Take a knife and cut the head & the neck from the body of the partridge, and stryppe the skin away from the neck, & give the same to the hawk, and cover the body of the foul with a bonnet or with an heart, and lay the said head & the neck thereupon, ● if she will forsake the foul that she plumeth on & come to the reward: than privily take away the partridge, & reward your hawk with the brain & the neck. Beware that she eat no bones, for that is evil to endue, and it will make her unlusty for to flee, & thus must ye serve her of as many as she sleyth, but let her reward be the less, for else she may be soon full gorged, and then she may flee no more a great while.   

❧ How your hawk shall rejoice.  
☞ And when your hawk hath slain a foul, & is rewarded as I have said: let her flee in no wise till she hath rejoiced her, that is to say, till she hath sewed or suyted her beck, or else row●● her. And when she hath done any of these, or all: go & retrieve more, & she will nomme plenty.   

❧ When your hawk hath nomme a foul, how ye shall ●oo that ye rebuke not the hawk.  
Learn well one thing, and beware thereof, when your hawk hath nomme a partridge, stand a good way of, & come not to nigh her, and drive a way your spaniels for rebuking of her. For many hawks love no spaniels, and also many spaniels will venym them their game from their foot, & that is right perillo●. And while your hawk plumeth: come softly toward her alway near and near. And if she leave pluming and look upon you: stand still and cherke her, and whystell her until she plume again▪ And thus serve her till ye be right nigh her. Than soft and leyserly fall upon your knees, and privily while she plumeth: set your hand and be sure of the guess, and than ye may guide all things as ye wil And if ye do the contrary: she will for fear carry her game, or let it go quick and that is but loss to you and to your hawk also.   

❧ A medicine to make an hawk to cast that is accumbered with casting within her body.  
❧ Take the juice of Salendine, and wet a morsel of flesh therein to the quantity of a nut. And give that morsel to the hawk, and that shall make her for to cast her old casting, and the hawk shallbe safe.   

❧ A medicine for an hawk that will sore.  
☞ Wash the flesh that your hawk shall be fed with, in juice of fennel, & that shall take away the pride fro her, & make her leave her soaring whether she be lean or fat, and many times an hawk will sore when she lacketh bathing.   

❧ A medicine for an hawk that is lousy.  
❧ Take quick silver and put it in a basin of brass, & put thereto salendyne, & ashes, and meddle it well together till the quick silver be dead. And meddle thereto far of bones, and anoint the hawk therewith. And hang it about her neck till it fall away, and it shall slay the lice. Also powder of orpement, blown upon an hawk with a pen, will slay the lice.  
❧ Also take a dagon or a piece of rugh blanket unshore & hold it to the fire unto the time it be throughout warm, and wrap the hawk therein. And then hold her softly and stillly for hurting of your hands▪ and the vermyn will creep into the cloth. Also hold her in the son on a fair day and ye shall see the vermyn creep out upon the feathers. Then take a knife and wet the one side of the blade thereof with your mouth. And always as they appear lay the wet side of the knife to them, and they will cleave thereto▪ and then ye may slay them.   

❧ The opinion of Ostregyeres.  
After the opinion of many ostregyers▪ & ye feed your hawk continually with pork, which jays, with pies, or in especially bear her much in rainy wether, she shallbe lousy.   

❧ Ostregers, Speruiteres, Faukeners.  
Now because I speak of ostregiers, ye shall understand that they been called ostregiers that keep goshawks or tercels & those that keep sparehaukes & muskettes, been called speruiters, & keepers of all other hawks are called faukeners   

❧ The length of the guess, sews, tyrettes, and how they be fastened, and bewettes.  
❧ Hawks have about their legs guesses made of leather most commonly, some of silk which should no longer but that the knots of them should appear in the mids of the left hand between the long finger and the leech finger because the lewnes should be fastened to them with a pair of tyrettes, which tyrettes should rest upon the lewnes and not upon guesses, for hanging and fasting upon trees when she fleyth, & those same lewnes ye shall fasten them upon your little finger slackly, in compassing the same in four or five fold as a bow string unoccupied. And the tyrettes serve to keep her from winding when she bateth. Also the same lethers that been put in her bells to be fastened about her legs, ye shall call bewettes.   

❧ creance.  
☞ Also ye shall call the long line, that ye do call your hawk to reclaim with, your creance, whatsoever it be.   

❧ A medicine for an hawk that will cast flesh.  
Put the flesh that your hawk shall eat in fair water, and feed her therewith three days, and she shall hold her flesh in the best wise.   

❧ A medicine for an hawk that hath lost her courage.  
❧ An hawk that hath lost her courage a man may know if he will take good heed. For such is her manner, when she is cast to a foul she flieth awayward as though she knew not the foul. Or else she will flee a little way after and anon she giveth it up, & for such an hawk this is a good medicine. Take oil of spain and temper it with clear wine and with the yolk of an egg, and put therein beef, and thereof give to your hawk five morsels, and then set her in the son, and at even feed her with an old hot cuiver, and if ye feed her thus three times: that hawk was never so lusty nor so jolly before as she will be after, and come to her own courage. Other make powder of melees that stink, and put the powder on the flesh of a Peacock, and meddle the blood of a Peacock among the powder, and make her to eat the flesh.   

❧ A medicine that an hawk shall not lie in mew for unlustiness.  
Take fern roots that groweth in an oak and oak apples, and make juice of them and wet her flesh therein and feed the hawk three times or four, and that shall make her to leave that.   

❧ A medicine for an hawk that hath the ta'en.  
An hawk that hath the ta'en a man may soon know if he take heed, for this is her manner, she will pant more for one bating then other for four, and if she should flee a little while: she should almost lose her breath, whether she be fat or lean, & always she maketh heavy che●e and for that, this is the medicine. Take a quantity of the redness of hasyll, with the powder of rasene of pepper and somewhat of gynger, and make thereof in fresh grease three pellettes and hold the hawk to the fire, and when she feeleth the heat: make her swallow the three pellettes by strength, and knit fast her beak that she cast it not out, and do so thrice, and she shallbe safe.  
Also take rasne and rhubarb and grind it together & make juice thereof, and wet the flesh therein, and give it her to eat and she shallbe whole.  
Also take Alexander and the root of prymeroses, and the root of grognaviles, and seethe them all in butter of a cow, and give her three morsels every day unto the time that she be whole, & look that she be void when ye give her the medicine.   

❧ How a man shall take a hawk from the air.  
WHo so taketh an hawk from the eyrer, him behoveth for to do wisely, in bringing him easily & to keep him well from cold, & from hurting of his bones, for they been full tender and they must have great rest. And they may not have stinking & filthy air, but as clean as can & may be thought and evermore give him clean meat and hot, and a little and often and change often their meat, but look it be whole, and cut her meat in to small morsels, for they should not tire on bones till they might flee, then after when she beginneth to pen and plumeth & palketh and picketh herself, put her in to a close warm place that no fulmers nor fecheus nor other vermyn come not in to her, and let the place be sure for wind and rain. and then she will prove herself, and ever more give her good hot meats. For it is better to a man to feed his hawk while she is tender with meat to make her good with some cost: then to feed her with evil meats to make her unthrifty with little cost. And look when she beginneth to farm, then give her baiting.   

❧ A medicine for worms in an hawk, which sickness is called the fylaunders.  
Mark well this sickness, and beware thereof. This is the medicine therefore. Ye shall take an herb that is called neppe, and put in a small gut of a capon or of an hen, and knit it with a thread, and let her receive it whole, and she shallbe whole & safe. Thus ye shall know when your hawk hath worms in her belly. Look when she hath casting, than ye shall find one or two about her casting place, if she hath been with any.   

¶ A medicine for an hawk that casteth worms at the fundament and what worms that they be.  
❧ Take the lymayl of iron & meddle it with flesh of pork & give it two days to the hawk to eat, & she shallbe whole.   

❧ A medicine for an hawk that hath a sickness which is called the aggresteyne.  
When ye see your hawk hurt her feet with her beak and pulleth her tail, than she hath the aggrestyne. For this sickness, take the dung of a dove and of a sheep, and of an allow, and strong vinegar and do all softly in a basin of brass, & meddle them well together to serve three days after and give her flesh of a culver with honey, and with powder of pepper, & set her in a dark place & so do nine days. And when ye see new feathers in the tail wash her with verose, and she shallbe whole and safe.   

❧ A medicine for an hawk that hath the cramp in her wings, and how it cometh.  
❧ For this cramp take a white loaf of bread somewhat colder than it cometh out of the oven, and let hold the hawk softly for hurting, & cut the loaf almost through out, and duplay the wing easily and hold it between the two parts of the loaf and let it behold so the space of half a quarter of an hour, and she shallbe whole.  
❧ The cramp cometh to an hawk by taking cold in her youth. Therefore it is good for an hawk to keep her warm young and old, and this medicine is good at all times for her, whether she be young or old.   

❧ Let not an hawk be put in mewe to late, but in this manner as followeth if ye love your hawk.  
If ye love well your hawk keep her well, and put her not late in mewe, for who so for covetousness of fleeing loseth the time of his hawks mewing, & withholdeth her to long therefro, he may after put her to mewe at adventure, for than a part of her mewing time is past.  
❧ Who so putteth his hawk in mewe in the beginning of Lente, if she be kept as she ought to be, she shall be mewed in the beginning of August.   

❧ How ye shall dispose & ordain your mewe.  
¶ Set and dispose your mewe in this manner, so that no weasel nor polecat nor non other vermyn entre thereto, nor no wind nor great cold, nor that it be overhote. Let that one part of the mewe be turned toward the son so that in the most part of the day the son may come in.  
❧ Also ye must see that she be not avexed nor grieved with much noise nor with song of men, & that no manner folks come to her, but only he that feedeth her. It behoveth that your hawk have a feeding stock in her mewe, and a long string tied thereto to fasten her meat with. For else she will carry it about the house and soil it with dust and peradventure she will hide it till it stink, and than feed upon it, and that might be her death. And therefore when it is bound to the said feeding stock, she will neither at feeding nor at the tiring, ne at the lighting, ne a● the rising hurt herself, and when she hath fed take away the remnant if any leave, and in any wise that she have clean meat, & at every meal fresh. For of stolen meats & evil meats she shall engender many sicknesses, & look ye go never to your mew but when ye shall give your hawk meat, or else to bring water to bathe her. And suffer no rain to weet her at any time if ye may, and as for her bathing that shall nothing hinder her mewing.   

❧ The manner how a man shall put an hawk into mewe and that is well noted.  
Of one thing ye must beware well if she have any sickness that ye make her whole or ye put her in mewe, for as I understand a sick hawk shall never mewe well. For though she mewe she shall not endure but while she is great and fat, for at the abating of her estate she may no longer endure. Sometime without any medicine many men devise how they might mewe their hawks, for some put hawks in mewe at high estate, and some when they been right low, and some when they been full, & some when they been empty and lean, and some when they been miserable lean, but thereof is no force if she be hole, nevertheless I shall say mine advise as I have seen & learned.  
Whoso putteth a goshawk or a tercel or a sparrowhawk into mewe so high that she may be no higher: she will hold her long in that point or that she lose or lent any feathers, & who so putteth her in mewe lean it will be long or she remount, and who so putteth her in mewe to hungry and to lean, if she have meat at her will: she will eat to much, because of hunger, and peradventure she may be dead thereby, as oft hath been seen. But who so will that an hawk endure and mewe kindly, my counsel is that she be not high neither to low, neither in great distress of hunger but like as she should flee best, then take heed the first day of to much eating, unto the time that she be staunched. And after that: a man may take her such meat as I shall tell you more plainly hereafter.   

❧ In what manner and how a man shall feed his hawk in mewe.  
Look with what meat she hath been most used to be fed: and feed her therewith eight days continually, and those eight days give her birds enough both morrow and even, and let her plume upon them well, and take casting of the plumage, and that shall talaunte her well, and cause her to have good appetite, and it shall cleanse well her bowels, and when she is well cleansed: ye may give her what meat that ye will, so it be clean and fresh.  
But the best meat to make an hawk to mewe most soon without any medicine: is the flesh of a kid or of a young swan, and of a cheken, and specially ratons flesh. So they been not assault, none like to it: and of a young goose. For such meat is hot of itself.  
¶ And take pieces of great fresh eyes, and specially the colpen next the navel and wet it in hot blood of mutton it is good to make her to mew, but specially it shall make her wight after the sore age. These said fleshes been good to mewe an hawk, & to keep her in state, but look she have good plenty every day, so that she rather leave part than lack any. And every third day let her bathe if she list. And when she is waxed nigh farm: give her hens & fat pork, and of an hound is passing good.  
❧ An hawk is never full fermed nor ready to draw out of mews to the time her sercel be fully grown yet have I seen some folks take them out of mew when the sercell were but half sprung, & that is perilous, for they are not then hard penned. Some folks use when an hawk hath cast her sercell: to begin and wash her meat and feed her in mewe with washed meat a month or vi weeks or ever they draw them. But of all flesh after she is mewed: a reasonable gorge of a hot hare is best, and also of a crow hot. But it must be washed in water and then it is the better. For that will not benym them hastily their grace, nor put them in a great feebleness. For it dureth somewhat with her.   

❧ To make an hawk to mewe timely, without any hurting of her.  
Now I shall tell you very true medicines for to mew an hawk hastily that ye shall believe for truth and ye will assay them. There been in woods or in hedges worms called adders that been red of nature, and he is called viper's And also there be snakes of the same kind, & they been very bitter. Take two or three of them & smite of their heads & th'ends of their tails, them take a new earthen pot that was never used, & cut them into small pieces & put those same therein & let them seche strongly a grea●e while at good leisure, & let the pot be covered that no air come out of it nor no breath, & let it seethe so long that the same pieces seethe to grece. Then cast it out & do away the bone & gather the grease, & put it in a clean vessel, and as oft as ye feed your hawk anoint her meat therewith, & let her eat asmuch as she will, & that meat shall mew her at your own will.   

❧ An other medicine.  
Take wheat and put it in the broth that the adders were sudden in, and when ye see the wheat begin to cleave, take it out and feed hens and chekyns therewith, and feed your hawk with the same polaine.   

❧ Who so will that an hawk mew not nor fall none of her feathers: therefore here is a medicine  
Take powder of canel & the juice of frank costs and the juice of paraine, and take morsels of flesh three or four if ye list and wet them therein, and make the hawk to swallow them, and serve her so many times.  
Also take the skin of a snake and of an adder & cut it into small pieces, & temper it with hot blood, & cause your hawk oftentimes to feed thereof, and she shall not mew.   

☞ For the gout in the throat.  
❧ when ye see your hawk blow oftentimes, & that it cometh of no bating, ye may be sure she hath the gout in her throat & for that take the blood of a peacock and incense myrabolana and clowes of gelofte and canell and gynger, & take of all these evenly & meddle them with peacocks blood, & seethe it till it be thick, & thereof make morsels, & give the hawk every day at midmorne & at none.   

¶ For the gout in the head and in the reins.  
When ye see your hawk may not end where meat nor remount her estate, she hath the gout in the head and in the reins, take momian otherwise called momin▪ among polyca●ies ye may have it, and the skin of an hare, and give it to your hawk to eat ix times with the flesh of a cat, and if she may hold the meat she shallbe safe.   

❧ A medicine for sickness called the fallera.  
❧ When ye see your hawks cleiss wax white then she hath the fallera. For this sickness take a black snake cut away the head and the tail and take the middle and try it in an earthen pot, & take the grease and save it, anoint the flesh of a peacock therewith and give it to the hawk for to eat viii days, and if ye have no peacock give her flesh of a dove, and after the eight days give her a chicken and wash it a little, and give it her to eat and take the tenderest of the breast with the frosshel bone and let her eat it, and if she amend any thing she shallbe whole.   

❧ A medicine for the cramp in the thigh, in the leg, and in the foot of an hawk.  
When ye see your hawk lay one foot upon an other foot, she is taken with the cramp. Then draw her blood upon the foot that lieth upon that other foot, & upon the leg also, and he shallbe whole.   

¶ For the cough or the pose.  
Take powder of bays and put it upon the flesh of a dove and give it oft to your hawk, and without doubt she shallbe whole.   

❧ A medicine for the podagre.  
When your hawks feet been swollen: she hath the podagre, then take fresh may butter, and as much of oil olive, and of alum, and chaufe it well together at the fire & make thereof an ointment & anoint the fe●te four days and set her in the son and give her flesh of a cat, and if that avail not: seeth the knitting of a vine & wrap it about the swelling and let her sit upon a cold stone & anoint her with butter or fresh grease, & she shall be whole.   

☞ A medicine for sickness within the body of an hawk & if it show not outward how she shallbe helped and in what manner.  
A man may know by the cheer and ungladnes of an hawk this infirmity. But yet it is strange to know things that a man may not see in his sickness and what manner they been grieved, & specially when a man woteth not whereof it cometh. Feed your hawk well upon an hen and then make her to fast two days after to avoid well her bowels. The third day take honey sudden & fill her body full, & bind her beak that she cast it not out of her body & then set her out of the son, & when it draweth to the night: feed her which a hot foul, for as I heard my master say & she be not whole with that: look never other medicine.   

❧ For the passion that goshawks have fasting.  
Take the root of small bushes & make juice of them and wet your flesh therein, and make her eat it.   

❧ For hawks that be wounded.  
❧ Take away the feathers about the wound, & take the white of an egg and oil of olive, and meddle it together and anoint the wound & keep it with white wine unto the time ye see dead flesh, and then put in the wound escompe unto the time the dead flesh be wasted. After take incense & cleave asmuch of the one as of the other, and meddle it together, and when ye will anoint the sore: heat your ointment, & anoint it with a pen till the time the skin grow again, and if see dead flesh thereon and would have it away: take vinegar and then anoint it with this ointment afore said, and she shallbe whole.   

❧ A medicine for an hawk that hath the arthritic.  
When ye see your hawk fat about the heart: trust it for truth she hath the arthritic. Therefore let her blood in the original vain, and after that give her a frog for to eat, and she shallbe whole.   

❧ A medicine for an hawk cumbered in the bowels.  
When your hawk is encumbered in the bowels: ye shall know it by her eyen, for her eyen willbe dark & she will look ungladly, and her mutysing will defoile her fundament. Then take the hawks meat, & anoint it with the powder of canel & give it her to eat, & she shallbe whole.   

❧ A medicine for an hawk that hath the gout.  
Feed your hawk with an Irchin once or twice and it shall help her.   

❧ A medicine for an hawk that hath mites.  
Take the juice of wormwood & put it there as they been, and they shall die.   

❧ That an hawk use her craft all the season to slay or leave  
When ye go to the field in the lateer end of hawking and desire that your hawk shall use her craft to do her in this manner. Let her slay a foul & let her plume upon it as much as she will, & when she hath plumed enough: go to her softly for fraying, and reward her on the foul and after that ye may cast her on a perch, and aswell she may use her craft so as that she slew all the year.   

❧ A medicine for an hawk that hath the stone.  
Anoint her fundament with oil, & put the powder of alum with a hollow straw. Also take an herb called Christ's ladder, & anoint her mouth within, & she shallbe whole. Also take small flame roots & polypody & the corns of spurge and grind it well, and seethe it in butter, & draw it through a cloth, & make thereof three pellets of the greatness of a nut, & put it in his mouth in the morrow tide, and look that he be void, and then let him fast till evensong, and feed him little & little, & he shallbe whole.   

❧ A medicine for vermyn.  
Take the juice of the root of fennel, and do it where the vermyn be and they shall die.   

❧ A medicine for the rheum that hawks have.  
When ye see your hawk close her eyen and shaketh her head, then hath she the rheum in her head. Therefore give her lard of a goat the first day, and the second give her epatike with the flesh of a chicken, and she shallbe whole.   

❧ A medicine for hawks that been dry, and desire to drink to keep them moist in kind.  
❧ Take the juice of horehound and wet thine hawks meet therein, and feed her therewith once or twice, and she shallbe whole.   

¶ For sickness that hawks have in their entrails  
AN hawk that is sick within the entrails, is of an other array than in other sickness, for if she hold not her meat, but cast it: that is a token of the foul glet for surfeit of feathers that been given to hawks in their youth. And afterward when they come unto travail & been avoided of the river than they wax slow to flee and desire for to rest. And when the hawk is upon her perch, than she will sleep for to put over at the entering. And if she hold flesh any while in her gorge: it will look as it were sodden, & when she is waking she assayeth to put over at the entering, and it is aglu●ted and keled with the glette that she hath engendered and if she should escape she must put over, or else she must die, or cast it. And she cast it: she may be holp with the medicine.   

❧ A medicine for the entrails.  
Take yolks of eggs ●awe, when they been well beaten together, put thereto spanish salt & asmuch honey thereto, and wet therein thy flesh and feed thy hawk three days therewith. And if she make danger to eat it: let hold thy hawk and make her to swallow three or four morsels in a day, and sikerly she shallbe whole, yet I shall tell you an other thing. Take honey at the changing of the moon and a sharp nettle, and thereof make small powder, and when it is well ground: take the breast bone of an hen and an other of a culver & hack it small with a knife & do away the skin & do thereon the powder, and all hot with the powder feed her, & so do thrice and she shallbe whole.   

☞ For sickness of swelling.  
If a wicked fellow be swollen in such manner that a man may hele it that the hawk shall not die, thus a man may help her strongly and length her life but the hawk willbe very eager & grievous of the sickness, & therefore ye must take the root of comfort and sugar like much, & seethe it in fresh grease with the third part of honey, & then draw it through a fair cloth, & oft give it to the hawk, & she shallbe whole   

❧ A medicine for blains in hawks mouths called frounces.  
On the frounce it is dread for hawks, for it is a noyous sickness & draweth her to death, & withholdeth her strength. For men say that it cometh of cold, for cold doth hawks much harm, & maketh phlegm fall out of the brain, & the eyen wi● swell & impair in her head, & but she have hastily help, it will stop her nose thrills, & therefore take fennel, maryal & serses, a like much, & seeth them & draw them through a cloth & otherwhile wash her head therewith and put some in the roof of her mouth, & she shallbe safe.   

A medicine for an hawk that casteth her flesh.  
❧ wit her flesh in a satsyol, or else seeth rasine in water and put her flesh therein when it boileth.   

❧ A medicine for the rheum called agrum.  
❧ When thou seest thy hawk upon her mouth, and her cheeks blobbed, than she hath this sickness called agrum Therefore take a needle of silver & heat it in the fire & bren the narelles throughout, then anoint it with oil olive.   

A medicine for an hawk great and fat.  
❧ Take a quantity of pork & honey & butter a like much & purged grease, and do away the skin, & seth them together, & anoint the flesh therein, & feed your hawk there with and she shall increase mightily. Else take the wings of an Eued, and feed her, & keep her from travail, and do so oft though the eved be never so fat, and if your hawk be not passing fat within xiiii days wondre I think.   

☞ For botches that grow in an hawks jaw.  
¶ Cut these botches with a knife & let out the matter of them and after cleanse them clean with a silver spoon or else fill the hole with a powder of arnemelyt brent & upon the powder do a little lard that is reside, & so it will away   

❧ Here is a good medicine for an hawk that will not come to reclaim.  
Take fresh butter & put thereto sugar & put it in a clean cloth & reclaim her to the & keep it in a box in your bag   

❧ A medicine for hawks that been refrained  
❧ When ye see your hawk sneezing. and casting water through her nostrils on her nares: them doubtless she is refrained. For that sickness take the greynes of chafelegre and of pepper, and grind it well, and temper it with strong vinegar, and put it in her nares & in the roof of her mouth, and give her flesh to eat, & she shall be safe.   

¶ A medicine for hawks that have pain in their crops.  
Ye shall take fair Morfum and powder of gylover & meddle it together and give it to your hawk to eat, & if she hold it past the second day after, she shallbe whole·   

❧ A medicine for the stone in the fundament.  
❧ When your hawk may not muteyse, than she hath that sickness, called the stone. And for this sickness ye shall take the heart of a swine and the grease of a swine, and cut it with the flesh of the heart, & she shallbe whole.   

¶ A medicine for the dry frounce.  
For this sickness take the root of polypody that groweth upon oaks & seeth it a great while, them take it from the fire & let it stand & wax lewe warm, then wash your flesh therein feed your hawk three times & she shallbe hole   

❧ A medicine for worms called anguelles.  
Take pressure made of a lamb that was ened in untime & make thereof three morsels and put in a gut of a culver & feed her therewith, & look the hawk be void when ye give her the medicine. Also take juice of dragons and put full the gut of a pigeon, and then cut it and departed it as the hawk may over swolow it & put it in his body, and knit his beak for casting. Also give her the bollocks of a buck as hot as they be kut out, and make powder of the pintle and cast upon the flesh of a Cat, and feed her therewith, and she shallbe whole.   

¶ Poroper terms used in keeping of hawks.  
An hawk tireth, Feedeth, Gorgeth, Beketh, Rouseth Endueth, Muteth, Percheth, jouketh, Putteth over, Proineth, Plummeth, She warbulleth, and mantelleth, She tireth upon tumpes, she feedeth on all manner of flesh she gorgeth when she filleth her gorge full of meat, she beaketh when she sueth, that is to say, when she wipeth her beak. She rouseth when she shaketh her feathers and her body together. She endueth when her meat▪ in her bowels fall to digestion. S●e muteth when she avoideth her ordure. She percheth when she standeth on any manner bow or perch. She iouketh when she sleepeth. She putteth over when she avoideth her meat out of her gorge into her bowels. She proyneth, when she fetcheth oil with her beak over the tail and anointeth her feet & her feathers she plumeth when she pulleth feathers of any foul or of any thing and casteth them fro her. She warbelleth when she draweth her wings over the mids of her back & there they meet both, & softly shaketh them & let them fall again. And mantelleth when she stretcheth her one wing alone after her leg, & afterward the other wing and most commonly she doth that before she warbelleth her.   

¶ The hams of sparehaukes as Ostregyers and speruiters have determined.  
THere is a question asked whether a man shall call a spear, or a sparrowhawk, or an aspere▪ hawk. And ostrygers, & also speruiters say she may be called all three names, for these reasons she may be called a sparrowhawk for of all hawks that there be she is most spear, that is to say most tender to keep. For the least mysdieting and misentending slea●th her. And she may be called an aspere hawk of sharpness of her courage & of her looking quickly & also of her flying, for she is most asper and sharpin all thing that belong unto her of any other hawks. She may also be called a sparrowhawk for two reasons. one is, she spareth goshawks & tercels both such as been in their sore age unto the time they may be reclaimed & made ready to flee. As goshawks and tercels that be not fully mewed unto the time they may be clean ensaymed & ready to flee. For all the while they been unable, the sparrowhawk occupieth the season & sleith portryche well, that is to say, from saint margaretes day unto it be lammas & so forth in the year, and she will slay well young fesandes, young heath cocks in the beginning of the year, & after Michaelmas when partridges pass their danger▪ I have seen them made some to slay the pie, some to slay the te●e upon the river at the jutte, some to slay the woodcock, & some for the black bird and the thrush. The woodcock is cumbrous to slay but if there be craft, therefore when ye come into a wood or querke of bushes, cast your sparrowhawk into a tree and beat the bushes, then & if any woodcock arise she will be sure thereof, ye must first make her to a foul cast up out of the bushes & your hawk must sit on fit as ye make her to a partridge. Also as I said ye may call her a sparrowhawk for an other cause, for and there were a ship fraught full of hawks and nothing else, and there were a sparrowhawk among them, there should no custom be paid because of her. And so for the most common name they been called sparehaukes for the reason afore said.   

❧ An hawk fleeith to the view, to the beck or to the Tol, Nota, Crene, Querre, Fer, jutty.  
AN hawk fleeith to the river diverse ways, & sleaith the foul diversly, that is to say, she fleeith to the view, or to the beck, or the toll, & all is but one as ye shall know hereafter. She fleeith also to the querre, to the Creep, and no more ways but those three. And she nymmeth the foul at the far jutty, or at the jutty far.   

❧ Now shall ye know what these terms betoken and more following. As huff, jutty, Ferry, mount Raundon, Creep, Emewed.  
A Goshauke or a tercel that shall flee to the view to the Toll, or to the Beck, in this manner she is caught Ye must find a foul in the river or in a pit privily & then set your hawk a great space upon a molehill or on th● ground and creep softly toward the foul from your hawk straight way, and when ye come almost there as the foul lieth: look back ward toward the hawk and with your hand or with your tabur stick beek your hawk to come to you, and when she is on wing & cometh low by the ground & is almost at you: then smite your tabre & cry, huff, huff, huff, & make the foul spring, & with the noise the foul will rise, and the hawk will nymme it.  
And now take heed if your hawk nymme the foul at the far side of the river or at the pit from you, that she sleith the foul at the far jutty. And if she slay it upon the side that ye be on, as it may hap diverse times, than ye shall say she hath slain the foul at the jutty ferry.  
If your hawk nymme the foul a loft● ye will say she took it at the mount or at the souse. And if the foul spring not but flee a long after the river and the hawk nymme it: than ye shall say she slew it at the raundon.   

❧ Creep.  
And your hawk flieth at or to the creep when ye have your hawk on your fist and creep softly to the river or to the pit and stealeth softly to the brink thereof, & then cry, huff, and by that mean nymme a foul, than it is slain at the creep either at the far jutty, or at the jutye ferry, as is afore said. And if it hap as it doth oftentimes the foul for fear of your hawk will spring and fall again into the river or the hawk seeth her, and so lie still and dare not arise: ye shall say then your hawk hath annewed the foul into the river. And so ye shall say and there been more fowls in the river than your hawk nymmeth if they dare not arise, for fear of your hawk.   

¶ A thief.  
understand ye that a goshawk should not flee to any foul of the river with bells in no wise, and therefore a goshawk is called a thief.   

☞ Querre.  
And your hawk flieth to the querre, when there been in a stubyll time Sordes of malardes in the field. And when she espieth them and cometh covert herself and flee privily under hedges or low by the ground & nym one of them or they rise, then shall ye say that the fowl was slain at the querre.   

❧ Mark this term draw.  
Some folk misuse this term draw, and say that their hawk will draw to the river, and that term draw, is properly assigned to that hawk that will slay a rook, or a crow, or a raven upon a land sitting, and then it must be said that such an hawk will draw well to a rook.  
Now ye shall understand if a man will make an hawk to the querre in this manner he must do.  
Take a tame mallarde and set him in a fair plain and let him go where he will. Then take your hawk upon your fist & go to that plain, and hold up your hand a pretty way of from the malarde, and look if the hawk can espy it by her own courage, and if she have found the foul and desire to flee thereto: let her slay it, and plum well upon her and serve her so two or three times: and then she is made to the querre.  
I have known gentlemen that when so ever, and where ever they see any tame ducks, & if their hawks would desire to them, then they would let flee to them encouraging their hawks to well fleeing unto the querre a other time.   

¶ A pretty craft to take an hawk that is broken out of mew & all manner of fowls that sit in trees if a man wil  
❧ Look where an hawk perchethe for a night in any manner place, & soft & leyserly climb to her with a sconce or a lantern that hath but one light in your hand, and let the light be toward the hawk, so that she see not your face, & ye may take her by the legs or otherwise as ye list, and in likewise all other manner of fowls.   

❧ Of hawks bells.  
THe bells that your hawk shall were look in any wise that they be not to heavy, over her power to were. Also that none be mightier than an other but like of weight. Look also that they be sonowre and well sounding and shil, and not both of one sound, but that one be a semytune under an other, & that they be whole and not broken, and specially in the sounding place. For & they be broken, they will sound fully.  
¶ Of sparehaukes' bells there is great choice and little charge of them, for there been plenty, but for goshawks sometime bells of Melayne were called the best and they been full good, for they commonly are sounden with silver & sold thereafter. But there been now used of duche land belles of a town called Dordreght, and they be passing good bells. For they been well sorted, well sounded, sonour of ringing in shylnes and passing well lasting.   

❧ Here endeth the process of hawking, and now followeth the names of all manner of hawks and to whom they belong.  

☞ These hawks belong to an Emperor,  
THese been the names of all manner of hawks: first an eagle, a bautere, a meloun, the simplest of those three will slay an hind, a Calf, a Faun, a Roe, a Kid an Elk, a crane, a buzzard, a stork, a swan, a fox, on the plain ground, and these be not in●ured ne reclaimed because that they been so ponderous to the perch portatife. And these three by their nature belong to an Emperor   

❧ These hawks belong unto a king.  
A gerfaucon, a tercel of a gerfaucon are due unto a king   

☞ For a Prince.  
There is a falcon gentle, and a tercell gentle, and these been for a prince.   

¶ For a Duke.  
There is a falcon of the rock, and that is for a duke.   

❧ For an Earl.  
There is a falcon peregrine, and that is for an Earl.   

❧ For a Baron.  
There is a bastard. and that hawk is for a Baron.   

❧ Hawks for a knight.  
There is a sacre, and a sacred, & those before a knight.   

❧ Hawks for a squire.  
There is a lanere and laneret and these belong unto a squire.   

❧ For a lady.  
There is a marlyon, and that hawk is for a lady.   

❧ An hawk for a young man.  
There is a Hobbye, & that hawk is for a young man  
And th●se been hawks of the tower and been both illured to be called and reclaimed.   

❧ And yet there be more kinds of hawks.  
¶ There is a goshawk, and that hawk is for a yeoman.  
❧ There is a ●ercell, and that is for a poor man.  
❧ There is a sparrowhawk, and she is for a priest.  
¶ There is a musket, and she is for an holy water clerk.  
❧ And these been of an other manner of kind. For they flee to querre and to far, jutty and to jutty ferry.    
❧ Thus endeth the book of hawking.   

❧ Imprinted at London in Paul's church yard by Robert toy.   

❧ Here beginneth the book of Hunting where unto is added the measures of blowing.  
  

Likewise as in the book of Hawking a foresaid are written and noted the terms of pleasure belonging to gentlemen, having a delight therein. In the same manner this book following showeth to such gentle persons the manner of Hunting for all manner of beasts whether they be beasts of venery or chase of rascal, & also it showeth all terms convenient, aswell of the hounds as of the beasts aforesaid, and there be many divers of them, as is declared in the book following.  

❧ Beasts of venery are iii kinds.  
WHere so ever ye far by frith or by fell  
Mi dear child take heed how Tristan doth you tell  
How many manner beasts of Ueneri there were  
listen to your dame, and she shall you lere  
Four manner of beasts, of venery there are  
The first of them is the heart, the second is the Hare  
The Boar is of one of tho, the wolf and not one more.   

❧ Beasts of the chase are .v. Kinds  
ANd where ye come in plain or place  
I shall you tell which been beasts of enchase  
One of them is the Buck, an other is the do  
The Fox and the Martyron, and the wild Roe  
And ye shall my dear child other beasts all  
Where so ye them find, rascal ye shall them call  
In frith or in fell, or in the forest I you tell.   

❧ Note here the age of an Hart.  
ANd for to speak of the Hart, if ye will it lere  
Ye shall him a calf call at the first year  
The second year a broket so shall ye him call  
The third year a spayd learned thus all  
The fourth year a stag call to him by any way  
The fift year a great stag your dame bid you say,  
The sixth year call him an heart  
Do so my child while ye be in quart   

✚ To know the head of a Hart and that is divers  
ANd of the horn that he than beareth about  
The first head shallbe judged without  
Therein finden we such diversity  
Nevertheless the sixth year evermore at the least  
Thou shalt well judge the pierce of the same beast  
When he hath auntlere without any let  
Ryall and suryall also there I set  
And that in the top so when we may them ken  
Then ye shall call him forceth an heart of ten  
And when he hath in the top three of the selue  
Than ye shall call him troched an heart of twelve  
And afterward in the top thereof when there four been  
Than shall ye call him summed an heart of sixteen  
And from four forward, what so befall  
Be he never of so many ye shall him summed call  
Right of the number, even that he is  
Calleth him from four summed ywys  
Also have ye sele, and heart heeded weal.   

☞ An Heard, a Bevy a Sounder, a rout  
MY child calleth herds of Hart and of Hind  
And of Buck, and of do, where ye them find  
And a bevy of Roes what place they been  
And a soundre ye shall of the wild swine  
And a rout of wolves where they pass in  
So shall ye them call, as many as they been.   

❧ A little herd, a middle herd, a great herd.  
TWenty is a little herd, though it be of hinds  
And three score is a middle herd to call them by kinds  
And four score is a great herd, call ye them so  
Be it hart, be it hind, buck, or else do.   

❧ How ye shall say a great heart▪ & not a fair, & other.  
A Great heart when ye him see, so shall ye him call  
But never a fair heart, for nothing that may befall  
A great hind, a great buck, and a great do  
My sons where ye walk, call ye them so  
So ye should name such dear, and do as I you lere.   

❧ What is a bevy of Roes great or small.  
ANd six is a bevy of Roes in a row  
And ten is a middle bevy so well I it know  
A great bevy is twelve, when they together be  
And so call them sons, where that ye them see  
The more number than ywys, the greater the bevy is.   

✚ What is a soundre of swine great or small.  
Twelve make a soundre of the wild swine  
fifteen a middle soundre, what place they be in  
A great soundre of swine, twenty ye shall call  
Forget not this lesson, for nothing that may befall  
Think what I say my son, night and day.   

☞ Of the roe hunting, breaking, and dressing.  
WHen ye hunt at the roe, than ye shall say thore  
He crosseth and trasoneth your hounds before  
A great Roe buck, ye call him not so  
But a fair roe buck, and a fair do  
With the bowels and with the blood  
Reward ye your hounds, my son so good.  
¶ And each foot ye shall cut in four I you ken  
Take the bowels and the blood, & do all together then  
give it then to your hounds so  
And must the gladder than they will go  
That to your hounds no reward is named  
For it is eaten on the ground and on the skin dealt  
The Roe shallbe herdeled, by very I ween  
The two further legs the head laid between  
And take the one hinder leg up I you pray  
And that other farther leg right as I you say  
Upon that other further leg, both ye them pit  
And with that other further leg up ye them knit  
On this manner thus when ye have wrought  
All whole into the kitchen it shallbe brought  
Save that your hounds eat the bowels and the feet.   

❧ Now of the age and undoing of the Boar.  
NOw to speak of the Bore the first year he is  
A pig of the sounder called as I have bliss  
The second year a hog, and so shall he be  
And an hog steer when he is of years three  
And when he is of four years abore shall he be  
From the sounder of the swine than departeth he  
A singular is he so for alone he will go  
When ye have slain the Boar and will do him right  
Ye shall undo him unflayne, when he shall be dight  
thirty bredes and two of him ye shall make  
By the law of venery, I dare undertake  
Through your hounds by strength if he be dead  
They shall have the bowels boiled with bread  
Cast upon the ground where the Boar was slain  
And that is called a reward so hunters it say  
Upon the earth so have I bliss, for that so eaten is.   

❧ Now of the Hare.  
NOw to speak of the Hare my sons sickerly  
That beast king shallbe called of all venery  
For all the fair speaking and blowing that there  
cometh of seching and finding of the Hare  
For my loving children I take it on hand  
He is the marvelous beast that is in any land  
For he femayeth croketh and roungeth evermore  
And heareth tallow and grease, & above teeth hath before  
And other while he is male, and so ye shall him find  
And other while female, and kindly by kind  
And when he is female and kindleth him within  
In three degrees he them beareth or he with them twin  
Two rough and two smooth who will them see  
And two knots also that kyndeles will be  
When he is female so tell I my tale.   

❧ The rewards for hounds.  
When your hounds by strength have done her to dead  
The hunter shall reward them with the head  
With the shoulders & the sides and with the bowels all  
And all thing within the womb save only the gall  
The paunch also, give them none of though  
Which reward when on the earth it is dealt  
With all good hunters the hallow it is named  
Then the loins of the Hare look ye not forget  
But bring them to the Kitchen, for thy lords meat  
And of this beast to ●rete, here shall it be let.   

❧ Which beasts shallbe slain, & which stripte.  
NOw to speak of beasts, when they been slain  
How many been stripped, and how many been slain  
All that Bear skin and talow, and roung leave me  
Shall be slain save the Hare, for he shall strypt be  
And all that beareth grece and piles thereupon  
Ever shallbe stripped, when they been undone  
On this manner play, thus ye shall say.   

❧ Which beasts shallbe reared with the limere.  
MY dear sons eachone now will I you lere  
How many manner of beasts as with the limere  
Shallbe up rered in frith or in field  
Both the hart and the Buck, and the Boar so wild  
And all other beasts that hunted shallbe  
Shall be sought and found with ratches so free  
Say thus I you told, my children so bold.   

❧ The discryving of a buck.  
ANd ye speak of a Buck the first year he is  
A faun souking on his dam, say as I you wis  
The second year a pryket, the third year a sorrel  
A soar at the fourth year the truth I you tell  
The fift year call him a Buck of the first heed  
The sixth year call him a buck and do as I you read.   

❧ Of the horns of a Buck.  
THe horns of a great Buck or he so be  
Must be summoned as I say, hearkeneth to me  
Two brances first pawmed he must have  
And four advancers the sooth if ye will save  
And xiiii espelers and then ye may him call  
Where so he be a great buck I tell you all   

¶ Of the Roe buck.  
ANd if ye of the Roe buck will know the same  
The first year he is a kid souking on his dame  
The second year he is a girl, and been such all  
The third year an hemuse look ye him call  
Roe Buck of the first head he is at the fourth year  
The fift year a Roe buck him call I you lere  
At saint andrew's day, his horns he will cast  
In more or in moss he hideth them fast  
So that no man may them soon find  
Eels in certain he doth not his kind  
At Saint james day, where so he go  
Then shall the Roe buck gender with the Roe  
And so boldly there as ye sojourn  
Then he is called a Roe buck going in his turn  
And if ye may a Roebuck slay withouten any fail  
And ye find the bevy grece, at his tail  
As some Roe bucks have, when ye it find  
Than shall ye rear it as ye do of heart and of Hind  
Also the Robucke, as it is well his kind  
At holy rood day he goth to ride  
And useth the bit, when he may get it.   

✚ Now of the heart and the Hind.  
Sons of the Hart and the hind learn yet ye may  
There they draw to the herd, at holy Rood day  
To the stepe than they gone, each hot day at none  
Which stepe they use my children I you say  
Till it be midsummer at the least way  
The cause of the stepe is to keep them fro the fly  
Who so cometh to that place may it well spy  
An other thing use they my child also  
The same season of the year to soil to go.   

❧ Of the crying of these beasts.  
AN Hart beloweth, and a Buck groyneth I find  
And each Ro Buck, certainly belleth by kind  
The noise of the beasts thus ye shall call  
For pride of their make they use it all  
Say child where ye go, your dame taught you so.   

☞ Mark well these season following.  
Time of grece beginneth at midsummer day  
And till holy Rood day, lasteth as I you say  
❧ The season of the Fox, fro Nativity  
Till the Annunciation of our Lady free.  
❧ Season of the Ro buck at Easter shall begin  
And till Michaelmas lasteth nigh or she blyn.  
✚ The season of the Ro beginneth at Michaelmas  
And it shall endure till it be Candelmas.  
❧ At Michaelmas beginneth the hunting of the Hare  
And lasteth till midsummer there will no man it spare.  
☞ The season of the wolf, is made in each country  
At the season of the Fox, and evermore shallbe.  
❧ The season of the boar is from the nativity  
Till the puryfycation of our Lady so free  
For at the Nativity of our Lady sweet  
He may find where he goth under his feet  
Both in woods and fields, corn and other fruit  
When he after food maketh any suit  
Crabs and oak corns and nuts, there they grow  
Haws, and heaps and other things mow  
That till the purification lasteth as ye may see  
And maketh the boar in season to be  
For while that fruit may last, his time is never past.  
NOw to speak of the Hare, how all shallbe wrought  
When she shall with hounds be founden & sought  
The first word to the hounds that the hunter shall out pit  
Is at the kennel door, when he openeth it  
That all may him here he shall say (arere)  
For his hounds will come to hastily  
This is the first word my son of venery  
And when he hath coupled his hounds eachone  
And is forth with them to field gone  
And when he hath of ●ast his couples at will  
Then shall he speak and say his hounds till  
¶ Horse de couple avaunt se avaunt (twice foe)  
And then (so ho so ho) thrice and no more  
And then say, sacy avaunt so ho, I the pray  
And if ye see your hounds have good will to ren  
And draw awaywarde fro you, say as I you ken.  
¶ Here how a my, again them call so  
Then, swef mon amy swef, to make them soft tho  
And if any find of the hare there hath go  
And he height Richard or Bemound to him cry so  
❧ Oyes a Bemounde le vyllant, and I shall you avow  
Que quida, troula ●owarde oula court cow,  
That Bel●ounde the worthy without any fail  
That weeneth to find the toward with the short tail  
☞ And if ye see where the hare at pasture hath been  
If it be in the time of the corn green  
And if your hounds chase well at your will  
Then three notes ye shall blow both loud and shil  
There one and there another there he pastured hath  
Then say (Illoquens) in the same path  
So say to them in kind, unto time ye her find  
✚ And than cast a sign all the field about  
To see her pasture where she hath be in or out  
Other at her form for gladly to be she is not lief▪  
There she hath pastured in time of relief  
And any hound find or musing of her mace  
There as she hath been and is gone out of that place  
¶ Ha cy touz cy est ill, so shall ye say  
Uenz arere so how sa, as loud as ye may  
Sa cy ad est so how, after that  
❧ Sa sa cy avaunt, and thereof be not lat  
And when ye see unto the plain her at the last  
In field or in arable land or in the wood past  
And your hound will find of her there then  
Say la douce amy last est a, and do as I you ken  
That is to say, sweet friend there is he come low  
For to dry here, and therewith ye shall say, so how  
Iloquens ey douce ey vaylaunt so how so how, them twice  
Thus may ye now dear sons learn of veneryce  
And when ye come there as ye trow he will dwell  
And so seemeth to you well then say as I you tell  
✚ La douce la est a venuz, for to dwell thor●  
And therewith thrice, so how, say ye no more  
And if it seemeth well you to find all in fear  
And ween so to do then say, douce how here how here  
❧ How here douce, how here, how here he sitteth  
So shall ye say my children and for nothing letteth  
All manner of beasts that ever chased be  
Have one manner of word, so how, I tell thee  
To fulfil or unfyll all manner of chase  
The hunter evermore in his mouth that word he hase  
And if your hounds at a chase run there ye hunt  
And the beasts begin to run, as hearts been wont  
Or for to hanylon as doth the fox with his guile  
Or for to cross as the do otherwhile  
Either to dwell so that your hounds cannot out go  
Then shall ye say (ho sa amy sa sa)  
✚ A couples faarere, so how, such is the play  
And so how is as much as sa how to say  
about for so how it is short in speech when it is brought  
●herfore say we so how, but sa how say we nought  
●nd if your hounds chase at hart or at hare  
●nd they run at default thus ye shall there far  
I ❧ Ico so how assayne assayne stou ho ho  
F ❧ Sa assayne arere so how, these words and no more  
●nd if your hounds run well at the fox or at the do  
❧ 〈◊〉 so fail at default say thus ferther or ye go  
✚ Honorio ho or swefe aluy douce aluy, that they here  
❧ Ho hoy assayne astayne sa arere  
✚ So how so how venes a coupler, and do as I ken  
The more worship may ye have among all men  
Your crafts let not be hid, and do as I you bid  
All my sons in same, and thus may ye know of game   

❧ The boast that the master hunters maketh to his man, now here following ye may hear  
THe master to the man maketh his boast  
That he knoweth bykinde what the heart cost  
At hunting evermore when he goeth  
Quoth the man to his master that were good lore  
For to know what he doth the hounds before  
What doth he quoth the master to the man?  
He doth quoth he even as thou mayst see  
Break and so doth no beast but he  
When breke●h he qoud the man, what is that to say?  
With his feet he openeth the earth there he goth away  
What is the cause quoth the man, master I thee pray  
That the hart afore the hounds when they him hunt ay?  
That then to the river he willeth for to go?  
Quod the master to the man there are causes two  
For two causes the heart desireth to the river, & note  
well these terms following. Dis●ēde & other.  
✚ One cause for the river descend he is aye  
And so he is to the water when he taketh the way  
Why callest thou him descend master I the pray?  
For he payeth of his might the sooth for to say  
An other is to the water why he goth otherwhile  
The hounds that him suen to purpose to beguile  
✚ Yet of this heart quoth his man master I will ken  
Into the water when he leapeth what he maketh then?  
He proffereth quod the master and so ye shall say  
For he wot not himself yet how he will away  
Whether over the water he will forth pass  
Or turn again the same way there he first was  
Therefore it is proffer as these hunter's sayne  
And reprofer if the same way he turn again  
At the other side of the water if he upstart  
Then shall ye call it the soil of the heart  
And that is for the water of his legs wet  
Down into the steps there fallen of his feet  
Again the water his way even if he hent  
Than breaketh he water thereto take you tent  
And if with thee go algate you it shall  
Defoulant the water and heart so him call  
☞ Now of the numbles mark well the terms  
✚ The man to his master speaketh blithe  
Of the numbles of the heart that he would them kythe  
How many ends there shallbe them within?  
Quod the master but one, thick nor thin  
And that is but the gargylyon to speak of all by deene  
And all these other crooks and roundelles been.   

¶ The advancers, the forcers  
¶ Yet would I wit and thou wouldest me le●e  
The crooks and the roundels of the numbles of the dear  
One crook of the numbles lieth ever more  
Under the throat ●oll of the beast before  
That called is (advancers) who so can them ken  
And the 〈…〉 part of the numbles then  
That i● to 〈◊〉 ●the 〈◊〉) that lain even between  
The two thighs of the beast that other crooks even  
In 〈◊〉 midret that called is the roundel also  
For ●he sides round abou● 〈◊〉 it is fro  
〈…〉 sons bold say of 〈◊〉 thus I you told  
❧ Yet would I wit master why these hounds all  
Bayen and cryen when they him seethe shall?  
For they should have help that is their skill  
For to slay the beast that they run till  
☞ Tell me master quoth the man what is the skill  
Why the Hare would so ●ayne run against the hill▪  
Quoth the master for her legs be shorter before  
Than behind that is the skill thore.  
What is the cause quoth the man that men say of the beast  
That the Hare sitteth aye when she taketh her rest  
And other beasts lie as commonly men sayne  
For two causes quoth the master I tell the plain  
One is for the hurcles upon the houghes aye  
And all other beasts can the side to the ground say  
An other cause there is and that is no less  
For she beareth both suet and pure grease.  
¶ Yet would I master quod the man feign wit more  
Where lieth the suet of the hare behind or before?  
Over the loin quoth the master of each hare thou take  
Between the tail and the chine even on the back  
☞ Yet would I master quoth the man these at the lere  
When thou walkest in the field with thy lymere  
Thereas an hare pastured hath or thou him see  
To know fat or lean whether he be?  
I can quod the master well tell the this case  
Wait well where he lay, and where he fum●●d has  
Yellow and englamed if that it be  
Then he is fat I tell thee learn this of 〈◊〉  
And if it he both black and hard and clean  
Then he is megre larbre and lean  
And of this same thing if thou leave not me  
Take heed in the winter and th●● thou may it see  
✚ yet master of the har● fay●● would I wit more  
What he doth when he goth the hounds before?  
He forth and resorth there he goth away  
Pricketh and repriketh the sooth for to say  
But what is that quoth the man when they so done?  
That shall I quoth the master tell the full soon  
In the fields where he goeth no ways been  
There he forth when he steppeth and it may not be seen  
And after when he doubleth and turneth not again  
Then he resorteth as good hunter's sayne  
And when he runneth in the way dry or weet  
Then may find foostalx of clees or of feet  
Then pricketh the Hare aye when he doth so  
And repricketh than he again go.   

A vauntelay, allay, and relay.  
Master yet quoth the man, what is that to say?  
That shall I tell thee quod he, for a little bysethe  
When the hounds are set an hart for to meet  
And other him chasen and followen to take  
Than all the relays, thou upon them make  
Even at his coming if thou let thy hounds go  
While the other that be behind far are him fro  
That is, avauntelay, and so thou shalt it call  
For they are than far before those other hounds all  
And an hyndring great all other until  
For they may not that day no more sew at will  
And hold thy hounds still if that thou so do  
Till all the hounds that be behind become thereto  
Than let thy hounds altogether go  
That called is an, allay, and look thou say so  
And that hindering is yet to them that been behind  
For the rested will ever over go the weary by kind  
A relay is after when the hounds are passed  
Far before with the heart that hieth them fast  
To let thy hounds far after them gone  
And that is than a furthering to them eachone  
For and thy hounds have overtake these other by distrꝭ  
Than shall they all follow him of one swyftenes.   

What is a forloyne.  
Master yet would I fain this at you lere  
What is a forloyne for that is good to here?  
That shall I say thee quoth he the sooth at the least  
When thy hounds in the wood seek any beast  
And the beast is stole away out of the frith  
Or the hounds that thou hast meeten therewith  
And any other hounds before than may with than meet  
These other hounds are then forloyned I thee ●ete  
For the beast and the hounds are so far before  
And the hounds behind been weary and sore  
So that they may not at the beast come at their will  
The hounds before forloyne them and that is the skill  
They been ay so far before to me if thou wilt trust  
And this is the forloyne lere it if thou lust.   

❧ Which three things causeth the hounds to endure  
✚ Yet would I wit master if it were thy will  
When thy hounds run an hart until  
And aye the further that they go the gladder they been?  
For three causes quoth he as oftentimes is seen  
One is when the heart runneth fast on a res●  
He sweteth that it runneth do 〈◊〉 throughout his cle●●  
The hounds when they find of that his sweet  
Then they are leue● to run and l●ther to let  
An other cause when the heart nigh no more may  
Then will he white f●oth cast there he goeth away  
When the hounds find of that than are they glad  
In hope they shall him have and run so rad  
The third cause is of the heart when he is nigh dead  
Then he casteth out of his mouth froth and blood red  
The hounds know that he shallbe taken soon then  
And ever the further they go the glader they run  
These are the causes three, that causeth them glad to be   

Which beast a slow hound taketh as soon as a swift  
❧ What beast yet master I ask it for none ill  
That most who●e all hounds run until  
And also soon the slowest shall him overtake  
As the swiftest shall do what way so ever he take  
That beast a Bauson height, a brock or a grey  
These three names he hath the sooth for to say  
And this is cause thereof, for he will by kind  
Go through thorns always the thickest he may find  
There as the swift hound may no ferther go  
Then the slowest of foot be he never so thro.   

❧ Why the hare fumayse and croteyes.  
YEt master would I wit why that men sayne  
That the hare fumayse and croteyse both plain  
And all other manner of beasts that hunted be  
Femyon or fenon as we well it see?  
That shall I well tell that quoth the master then  
For why that he fumayes and croteyse well I ken  
He fumayth for he beareth tallow that is no lece  
And he croteys' men sayne for he beareth no grece  
And soukes on his hoghes when he letteth it go  
And beasts of such kind find we no more  
❧ How many beasts femaen master fain would I lere  
And how many fenon that were good to here?  
All this to tell quoth the master I hold it but light  
All beasts that bear tallow and stand upright  
Femayen when they do say as I thee ken  
And all other fenon that rouken down then  
❧ How many manner of beasts of venery relieve  
❧ How many manner of beasts master me tell  
Of venery releven by frith or by fell?  
To this quoth the master I shall the answer  
Of all beasts but two the heart and the hare  
From the annunciation of our lady  
The heart than relieveth the sooth for to say  
Till saint Peter's day and paul and the hare right  
From the purification of our lady bright  
Till translation relieveth leave ye me  
Of saint Benet the xi of july.   

☞ To undo the wild boar.  
❧ Yet my child of the wild bore to speak more  
When he shallbe undone I tell you before  
Two and ●hyrty bredes ye shall of him make  
Now will ye wit my sons where ye shall them take  
The first of them is the head what ever befall  
Another is the collar, and so ye shall it call  
The shields on the shoulders thereof shall two be  
Then every side of the swine depart in three  
The pestles and the gamons depart them in two  
And two fille●tes he hath forget not though  
Then take the legs and his feet & show your sleight  
For they shall of his bredes be counted for eight  
Depart the chine in four pieces and no more  
And take there your bredes thirty and two  
And fair put the gre●e when it is take away  
In the bladder of the bore my child I you pray  
For it is medicine, for many manner pine.   

❧ How ye shall break an heart  
ANd for to speak of the heart while we think on  
My child first ye shall him serve when he shallbe undone  
And that is for to say or ever ye him dight  
Within his horns to lay him upright  
At the assay kit him that lords may see  
Anon fat or lean whether that he be  
Then cut of the cods the belly even fro  
Or ye begin him to flay, and then shall ye go  
At the chaules to begin as soon as ye may  
And slit him down to thassay  
And fro thassay even down to the belly shall ye slit  
To the pyssill there the cod was away kit  
Then slit the left legs even first before  
And then the lift legs behind or ye do more  
And these other legs upon the ●ight side  
Upon the same manner slit ye that tide  
To go to the cheeks look that ye be priest  
And so flay him down even to the breast  
And so flay him forth right unto thassay  
Even to the place where the cod was cut away  
Then flay the same wise all that other side  
But let the tail of the beast still thereon a bide  
Then shall ye him undo my child I you read  
Right upon his own skin and lay it on breed  
Take heed of the cutting of the same dear  
And begin first to make the erbere  
Then take out the shoulders and slitteth anon  
The belly to the side from the corbyn bone  
That is corbins' fee, at the death he will be  
Then take out the suet, that it be not lafte  
For that my child is good for leche craft  
Then put thine hand softly under the brestbone  
And there shall ye take out the exber anon  
Then put out the paunch & from the paunch thase  
Away lightly the rate such as he hase  
Hold it with a finger do as I you ken  
And with the blood and the grease fill it then  
Look thread that ye have and needle thereto  
For to sew it withal or ye more do  
The small guts than ye shall out pit  
From them take the maw, forget not it  
Then take out the liver and lay it on the skin  
And after that the bladder without more din  
Then dress the numbles first that ye reck  
Down the advancers, carve that cleaveth to the neck  
And down with the bolthrote put them anon  
And ke●ue up the flesh there up to the back bone  
And so forth to the fillettes that ye up arere  
That falleth to the numbles, and shallbe there  
With the neres also and suet that there is  
Even to the midryfe than upon him is  
Than take down the midryfe from the sides hot  
And heave up the numbles whole by the bowl throat  
In thine hand than them hold, and look and see  
That all that longeth them to, together that it be  
Than take them to thy brother, to hold for tryst  
Whiles that thou them doublest and dress at thee list  
Than away the lights and on the skin them lay  
To abide the querre my child I you pray  
Than shall ye slit the slough there as the heart lieth  
And take a way the hears from it and flieth  
For such hears hath his heart aye it upon  
As men see in the beast when he is undone  
And the mids of the heart a bone shall ye find  
Look ye give it to a lord, and child be kind  
For it is kind for many maladies  
And in the mids of the heart evermore it lies  
Than shall ye cut the shirts the teeth even fro  
And after the ridge bone kytteth even also  
The torches and the sides even between  
And look that your knives aye whetted been  
Than turn up the forthes and frote them with blood  
For to save grece, so do men of good  
Than shall ye cut the neck the sides even fro  
And the head from the neck cutteth also  
The tongue the brain, the paunch, and the neck  
When they washed been well with the water of the beck  
The small guts to the lights in the deres  
Above the heart of the beast, when thou them reres  
With all the blood that ye may get and win  
All together shallbe take and laid on the skin  
To give your hounds, that called is ywys  
The querre, above the skin for it eaten is  
And who dresseth so by my counsel  
Shall have the left shoulder for his travail  
And the right shoulder where so ever he be  
give it to the Foster for that is his fee  
And the liver also of the same beast  
To the fosters knave give it at the least  
The numbles truss in the skin, and hardell them fast  
The sides and the forchesse together that they last  
With the hindre legs, be done so it shall  
Then bring it home and the skin withal  
The numbles and the horns at the lords gate  
Then boldly blow the price thereat  
Your play for to nymme, or that ye come in.  
✚ Explicit dame julyan Bernes doctrine in her book of hunting.   

❧ Beasts of the chase of the sweet fewte and stinking.  
THere been beasts of the chase the sweet fewte And tho been the buck, the do, the bear, the raynder, the elk, the spickarde, the ottre, and the martron  
❧ There been beasts of the chase of the stinking fewte And they been the roe buck and the roe, the fulmard, the ●yches, the bawd, the grey, the fox, the squyrel, the white rat, the sot, and the polecat.   

❧ The names of divers manner of hounds  
THese been the names of hounds. first there is a grehound, a bastard, a mongrel, a mastif, a lemor, a spaniel raches' kenets, terrors, bouchers hounds dunghill dogs, trindel tails and pryckeered curs and small ladi popies that bear away the fleas and divers small faults   

¶ The properties of a good greyhound.  
A grehound should be headed like a snake, & necked like a drake, footed like a cat, tailed like a rat, syded like a breme, & chi●ed like a beme. The first year he must learn to feed, the second year to field him lead, the third he is fellow like, the four year he is none like, the .v. year he is good enough, the vi, year he shall hold the plough, the seven. year he will avail great bitches for to assail, the viii. year lyckladell, the ix year cartsadel, and when he is comen to that year, have him to the tannere. For the best hound that ever bitch had, at the ix year he is full bad.   

❧ The properties of a good horse.  
A Good horse should have xu properties and conditions. That is to weet, three of a man, three of a woman three of a fox, three of an hare, & iii of Turrian ass.  
¶ Of a man bold, proud, & hardy. Of a woman fair breasted fair of hear, and easy to leap upon. Of a fox, a fair tail, short ears, with a good trot, Of an hare, a great eye, a dry head, and well running. Of an ass, a big chin, a flat leg, and a good hoof. Well travailed women nor well travailed horse were never good. Arise early▪ serve god devoutly, and the world beselye, do thy work wisely, give thine alms secretly; go by the way sadly, answer the people demurely, go to thy meat appetytely sit thereat discreetly, of thy tongue be not to liberal, arise therefro temperately, go to thy supper soberly, & to thy bed merely, be in thine inn iocundlye, please thy love duly, and sleep surely   

❧ Mark well these four things.  
THere been four principal things principalli to be dread of every wise man. The first is the curse of our heavenly father god. The second is the indignation of a price (quia indignacio Regis vel Pricipis mors est The third is the favour or will of a judge. The fourth is slander, and the mutation of a commonalty.  
❧ Who that maketh in Christmas a dog to his larder. And in March a sow to his gardener, And in May a fool of a wise man's counsel, he shall never have good larder, fair garden, nor yet well kept counsel.  
❧ Far from thy kinsmen ●ast thee, wrath not thy neighbours next thee. In a good corn country threste the and sit down Robin and rest thee.  
☞ Who that buildeth his house all of salowes  
And pricketh a blind horse over the falowes  
And suffereth his wife to seek many hallows  
God send him the bless of everlasting gallows   

❧ If these be not directed, then go they at adventure  
❧ There been four things full hard to know which way that they will draw. The first is the ways of a young man. The second is the course of a vessel in the sea. The third of an adder or of a serpent sprent. The fourth of a foul sitting on any thing.  
✚ Two wives in one house. two rats and one mouse  
¶ Two dogs and one bone, shall never accord in one 
☞ Who that month him with his kin  
And closeth his croft with cherry trees  
Shall have many hedges broken  
And also little good service.    

¶ The Companies of beasts and fowls.  

AN herd of hearts  
an herd of all manner dear  
an herd of swans  
an herd of cra●es  
an herd of curlewes  
an herd of wrens  
an herd of harlots  
a nigh of pheasants  
a bevy of Ladies  
a cite o● gray's  
a ●ery of ●o●yes  
a richesse of martrons  
a business of fe●ettes  
a brace of gr●houndes ●r ii  
a les● of ●rehoundes or iii  
a couple of spaniels  
a couple of renning hounds▪  
a litter of wolpes  
a kyndell of young cats  
a bevy of r●●s  
a bevy of quails  
a siege of Herons  
a siege of byttoures  
a sord or a suit of mallards  
a muster of peacocks  
a walk of suits  
a congregation of people  
an exalting of larks  
a watch of nightingalings  
an host of men  
a feloshypping of yeomen  
a cherme of goldfinches  
a cast of bread  
a couple or a pair of botels  
a flight of doves  
an unkindness of ravens  
a clattering of choughes  
a dissimulation of birds  
a rout of knights  
a pride of lions  
a sleuth of bears  
a draft of butler's  
a prouse showing o● tailors  
a temperance of ●o●kes  
a stalk of fosters  
a boast of soldiers  
a laughter of ostlers  
a glozing of taverners  
a malapertness of pedlar's  
a thrave of thresshers  
a squat of daubers  
a fighting of beggars  
a singular of bores  
a drift of tame swine  
an harrass of horse  
a rag of colts or a rake  
a barren of mules  
a trip of goats  
a trip of hares  
a gaggyll of geese  
a brood of hens  
a badeling of ducks  
a nonpaciens of wives  
a state of princes  
a though of barons  
a prudence of vycaryes  
a superfluity of nuns  
a school of clerks  
a doctrine of doctors  
a converting of prechours  
a sentence of judges  
a dampning of juryours  
an obeisance of servants  
a seat of ushers  
a tygendes of pies  
an host of sparrows  
a swarm of bees  
a cast of Hawks of the tour, two  
a lose of the same hawks iii  
a flight of goskaukes  
a flight of swallows  
a building of rooks  
a murmuration of stars  
a rout of wolves  
an untruth of sompners  
a melody of harpers  
a poverty of pipers  
a subtlety of sergeants  
a tabernacle of bakers  
a drift of fishers  
a disguising of ●aylers  
a bleche of souters  
a smear of coryours  
a cluster of grapes  
a cluster of churls  
a rag of maidens  
a rafull of knaves  
a blush of boys  
an uncredibilite of kocoldes  
a covy of pat riches  
a spring of tells  
a dessarte of lapwynges  
a fall of wodcockes  
a congregation of plovers  
a covert of coats  
a dole of tur●ylles  
a skull of freres  
a bominable sight of monks  
a sclul of fish  
an example of masters  
an observance of eremites  
an eloquence of layers  
an execution of officers  
a faith of merchants  
a provision of steward of house  
a ker●e of panters  
a credence of fewers  
a leap of ●ydarde●  
a shrewednes of 〈◊〉  
a sculke of thieves  
a sculke of foxes  
a nest of rabbettes  
a labour of moles  
a mu●e of hounds  
a kennel of caches  
a suit of a lyam  
a cowardness of curs  
a sourde of wild swine  
a stod of mares  
a pace of asses  
a drove of neat  
a flock of sheep  
a gagle of women  
a peep of chekyns  
a multeplyeng of husbands  
a po●●y fycalytye of prelate's  
a dignity of canons  
a charge of curates  
a discretion of priests  
a disworship of scortes   
Explicit.   

❧ Here follow the dewtermes to speak of breaking or dressing of divers beasts & fowls. etc. And the same is showed of certain fishes.  

A Dear broken  
A goose reared  
an embr●w●ng of ●a●uers  
a 〈◊〉 do s●porters  
a blast of hunters▪  
a threatening of courtiers  
a promise o●●●●sters  
a lying of pardo●ers  
a misbelieve of painters  
a lash of carters  
a skolding of kewsters  
a wondering of tinkers  
a waywardness of ha●wards  
a worship of writers  
a neverchryving of jugglers  
a fraunche of millers  
a feast of brewer's  
a goring of butcher's  
a trynket of coruysers  
a pluck of shooturners  
a drunkship of cobblers  
a cluster of nuts  
a rage of the teeth  
a rascal of boys  
an egg tired  
a fire tymbred▪   

☞ Now of the fishes.  
A salmon chyned  
a pike splashed  
a haddock syded  
a chevyn fynned  
a sole joined  
a gutnarde chyned  
a tench sauced  
an eel tro●choned  
a breme splayed  
a barbel ●us●ed  
a trout gobe●ted  
a pig headed and syded  
a capon sauced  
a chicken frusshed  
a coney unlaced  
a cra●e dy●playde  
a curlewe unjointed  
a fefant alet  
a quail winged  
a plover wynced  
a pigeon thyghed  
a brawn leched  
a swan life  
a lamb shouldered  
a kid shouldered  
an hen spoiled  
a malarde unbraced  
an heron dismembered  
a peacock disfygured  
a bitter untached  
a partridge ale●  
a rail breasted  
a woodcock thyghed.   

☞ Ye shall say thus.  
An heart harboureth  
a buck lodgeth  
a squire lodgeth  
a roe beddeth  
a ty●man beddeth  
an hare in his form  
shouldering or leaning  
a coney sitting  
a woodcock breaking    

❧ Hear now folowying shall be showed all shires and the byshopryches of the realm of England/ and ye shall understand that the shires been written before/ and the byshopriches of the same are written following near after/ and than afterward are showed the provinces of this land●.  
KEnt, Canterbury, Rochester, Sussex, Chichester, hamshire, Suxrey, Winchester, Wyltshyre, Barkshyre, Salisbury, somersetshire, Dorse●shyre, bath, devonshire, Cornewayle, Excester, Essex, Myddlesex, London, Norfolk, Suffolk, Norwiche, Cambrydgeshyre, Ely.  
❧ Leyceter, Worceter, Wigorne, Hertforthshire, Herforde, Cheshire, shropshire part of Lancasshyre, Chester, yorkshire, staffordshire, derbyshire, Notyngamshyre, & other as part of Lancastershyre, York,   

❧ provinces of England.  
☞ Canterbury, York, Stafford, Derby, Nottingham, Northumberland, Durham, Westmoreland, Tyndale. carlisle.   

¶ To have a faithful friend.  
A Faithful friend would I fain find  
To find him there he might be found  
But now is the world wext so unkind  
That friendship is fall to the ground  
Now a friend have I found  
That I will neither ban ne curse  
But of all friends in field or town  
Ever gramercy mine own purse.  
❧ My purse it is my privy wife  
This song I dare both sing and say  
It parteth men of much strife  
When every man for himself shall pay  
As I ride in rich array  
For gold and silver men will me flourish  
By this matter I dare well say  
Ever gramercy mine own purse  
As I rid with gold s●red  
And have to do with lands law  
Men for my money will make me speed  
And for my goods they will me know  
More and less to me will draw  
Both the better and the worse  
By this matter I say in saw  
Ever gramercy mine own purse.  
❧ It befell me upon a time  
As it hath done by many a one more  
My horse, my neat, my sheep, my swine,  
And all my goods were gone me fro  
I went to my friends and told them so  
And home again they bade me truss  
I said again when I was woe  
Ever gramercy mine own purse.  
☞ Therefore I read you sirs all  
To assay your friends or ye have need  
For and ye come down and have a fall  
Full few of them for you will greed  
Therefore assay them every ●hone  
Both the better and the worse  
Our lord that shope both son and moon  
Send us spending in our purse. Amen.  
❧ Thus endeth the book of hunting.   

❧ The measures of blowing of a horn. first to give knowledge to go to the field.  
Blow with one wind, one short one long and a longer.  

2 ☞ To blow to the coupling of the hounds at the kepell door.  
¶ Blow with one wind, one long and iii short.  
The second wind one long, one short and a shorter.   

3 ☞ To blow to the field.  
❧ Blow with two winds, with the first one short, one long, and two short.  
With the second wind one short, one long, and a longer.   

4 ☞ To blow in the field▪  
❧ With two winds, the first two short one long and two short.  
The second, one short, one long and a longer.   

5 ☞ To uncouple thy hounds in the field▪  
❧ Three long notes, one with three winds.   

6 ☞ To blow to s●ke.  
❧ To winds, the first a long and a short. the second a long.   

7 ☞ When the hounds a game unknown hunteth then the hunt bloweth this.  
❧ Blow the velyne, one long, and vi short.   

8 ☞ If it be the same ye hunt for●  
❧ Blow the whole rechate with three winds, the first wind one long and vi short.  
The second wind two short and one long.  
The third wind one long and vi short.   

9 ☞ Strake to draw from covert to covert.  
Three winds ii short, one long and ii short  
The second one long and a short.  
The third one long.   

10 ☞ To blow the earthing of the fox when he is coverable.  
❧ Four notes with four winds.  
The relief one long vi short.   

11 ☞ To blow if the fox be not coverable.  
❧ Two winds, one long, and three short  
The second wind long.   

12 To blow the death of the fox in the field or covert.  
¶ Three notes with three winds.  
The rechate upon the same with three winds  
❧ The first wind, one long, and vi short  
The second one short and one long.  
The third one long and .v. short.   

13 The death of the fox at the lords gate.  
❧ though notes. And then the relief three times.   

14 The death of the buck▪ either with bow/ hounds, or greyhounds.  
❧ One long note.   

15 ☞ The knowledge upon the same.  
❧ Two short, and one long.   

16 The death of the buck with hounds.  
¶ Two long notes, and the rechate.   

17 ☞ the price of an hartryall.  
❧ Nine notes with three testes.   

18 The rechate with three winds.  
¶ The first one long, and vi short  
The second one short, and one long.  
The third one long, and vi short.   

19 ☞ To blow the call of the keepers of any park or forest.  
❧ One short, one long▪ and one longer.   

20 ☞ If the keeper answer you● blow.  
¶ Two short with one wind, and draw toward hynt, and after that blow one short.   

21 ☞ When the game breaketh covered.  
❧ Four with three winds, & the rechate upon the same   

●● ☞ The stint when the hounds can hunt no further.  
❧ Three winds, the first one long and vi short.  
The second, one long, and one short  
The third, one long.   

23 ☞ Where the fox is ●rthed blow after this manner for the taryers.  
¶ One long, two short.  
The second wind, one short, and one long.  
❧ Note this is the chiefest and principallest point to be learned.  
❧ Every long containeth in blowing vii quavers, one mynyme, and one quaver.  
☞ One mynyme containeth four quavers.  
❧ One short containeth three quavers.  
❧ The end of the whole measures of blowing.     

❧ Imprinted at London in Fleetstreet at the sign of of the Rose Garland by William Copland for Robert toy.   

❧ Here beginneth a treatise of fishing with an Angle.  
  

SAlomon in his parables saith that a good spirit maketh a flowering age, that is a fair age & a long. And sith it is so I ask this question, which be the means & the causes that induce a man into a merry spirit? Truly to my best discretion it seemeth good disports & honest games in whom a man joyeth without any repentance after. Then followeth it that good disports and honest games: because of man's fair age and long life. And therefore now will I choose of four good disports and honest games, that is to weet of Hawking, Hunting, & fishing, & for Fouling. The best to my discretion which is fishing called angling with a rod, and a line, and an hook, and thereof to treat as my simple wit may suffice, both for the said reason of Solomon & also for the reason that reason maketh in this wise.  Si tibi deficiant medici, medici tibi fiant. Hec tria, mens leta, labour, et moderata dicta. 
¶ Ye shall understand that this is for to say, if a manlacke leech or medicine, he shall make three things his medicine & he shall never need mo●. The first of them is a merry thought. The second is a labour not outrageous. The third is diet measurable. The first if a man will ever more be in merry thought & have a glad spirit, he must eschew all contrarious company and all places of debate where he might have any occasions of melancholy, & if he will have a labour not outrageous: he must then ordain him to his hearts ease, and pleasance without study, pensifnes of travail, a merry occupation which may rejoice his heart, and in which his spirits may have a merry delight. And if he will be dieted measurably he must eschew all places of riot, which is cause of surfeit and of sickness, and he must draw him to places of sweet air and hungry, and eat nourishable meats and diffiable also.  
AS ●owe than will I describe the said disports and games to find the best of them as verily as I can, all be it that the right noble and full worthy prince Duke of york late called master of the game, hath discrived the mirths of hunting like as I think to describe of it & of all other. For hunting as to mine intent is to laborious. For the hunter must always run and follow his hounds traveling and sweating full sore. He bloweth till his lips biyster. And when he weeneth it be a Hare: full oft it is an hedgehog. Thus he chaseth and woteth not what. He cometh home at even rain beaten, picked, & his clothes torn, weteshod and all miry Some hounds lost, some furbate. Such griefs & many other happeth unto the hunter, which for displeasance of them that love it, I dare not report, Thus truly me seemeth that this is not the best disport & game of the said four. The disport & game of Hawking is laborious and noyus also (as me seemeth. For as often the falconer loseth his hawks as the hunter his hounds, than is his game & disport gone, full often crieth & whisteleth till he be right evil a thrust. His hawk taketh abow & list not once on him to regard. When he would have her to flee: than will she bathe. With misfeding she shall have the frounce the rye, the cry, & many other sicknesses that bringeth them to souse. Thus by proof this is not the best disport and game of the said four. The disport and game of fouling me seemeth most simplest. For in the winter season the fouler speedeth not but in the hardest and coldest wether which is grievous▪ for when he would go to his gins he may not for cold, Mani a gin & many a snare he maketh yet sorili doth he far. at morn tied in the dew he is wet shod unto his tail. Many other such I could tell: but dread of maugee maketh me to leave. Thus me seemeth that hunting, and hawking, and also fouling been so laborious & grievous, that none of them may perform nor be very mean to induce a man to a merry spirit which is cause of this long life according unto the said parable of Solomon. Doubtless then followeth it that it must needs be the disport of fishing with an angle. For all other manner of fishing is also labourous & grievous, often making of folks full weet and cold, which many times hath be seen cause of great infirmities, but the angler may have no cold nor no disease nor anger, but if he be causer himself, for he may not lose at the most but a line or an hook: of which he may have store plenty of his own making, as this simple treatise shall teach him. So then his loss is not grievous, & other griefs may he not have saving but if any fish break a way after that he is taken on the hook, or else that he catch nought which is not grievous, for if he fail of one he may not fail of an other, if he doth as this treatise teacheth, but if there be nought in the water, & yet at the least he hath his wholesome walk and merry at his ease, sweet air of the sweet savour of the meadow flowers that maketh him hungry. He heareth the melodious armony of fowls. He seeth the young swans, herons, ducks, coats, & many other fowls with their broods, which me seemeth better than all the noise of hounds, the blasts of horns, & the scry of fowls, that hunters, faukeners, & fowlers can make. And if the angler take fish: surely then is there no man merrier than he is in his spirit. And who so will use this game of angling: he must rise early, which is profitable to man in this wise. That is to weet, most to the health of his soul. For it shall cause him to be holy, & to the health of his body, for it shall cause him to be whole. Also to the increase of his goods, for it shall make him rich, as the old English proverb saith in this wise. Whoso will rise early, shallbe holy, healthy, & happy. Thus have I proved in mine intent that the disport and game of angling: is the very mean and cause that induceth a man into a merry spirit, which after the said parable of Solomon & the said doctrine and the Physic maketh a flowering age & a long, and therefore to all you that been virtuous, gentle, & free borne, I writ & make this simple treatise following, by the which ye may have the full craft of angling to disport you at your lust, to th'intent that your age may the more flower, and the more longer endure.  
IF ye will be crafty in angling, ye must first learn to make your harness, that is to weet your rod, your lines of divers colours, after that ye must know how ye shall angle, in what place of the water, how deep and what time of the day, for what manner fish, in what wether, how many impediments ther● been of fishing that is called angling, and in specially with what baits to every divers fish, in every month of the year. How ye shall make your baits breed, where ye shall find them, and how ye shall find them, and how ye shall keep them and for the most crafty thing, how you shall make your hooks of steel and of osmonde. Some for the dub and some for the float and the ground.  
¶ And how you shall make your rod craftily, here I shall teach you, ye shall cut between Michaelmas & Candellmas a fair staff of a fathom and a half long & arm great of hasyll, willow, or ●spe, and breath him in a hot oven, and set him even. Then let him cool and dry a month▪ take then and frete him fast with a cokshote cord, and bind it to a form of an even square great tree. Then take a plumber wire that is even and straight, and sharp at the one end, and heat the sharp end in a charcoal fire till it be hot, and bren the staff therewith through, ever straight in the pith at both ends till they meet, and after that bren him in the neither end with a bird brooch, and with other broochs each greater than other, and ever the greatest the last, so that ye make your hole aye taper wise. Then let him lie still and keel two days, unfrete him then and let him dry in a house roof, in the smoke till he be through dry in the same season take a fair yard of green hazel, and bethe it even and straight and let it dry with the staff and when they been dry make the yard meet unto the hole in the staff unto half the length of the staff, and to perform the other half of the crop, take a fair shoot of black thorn, crab tree, meddler or else of jenepre cut in the same season, & well bethed, and straight, & set them together fetely, so that the crop may justly entre all into the said hole. Then shave your staff and make him taper way, than vyrell the staff at both ends with long hoops of iron, or laton in the clennest wise, a pike in the neither end fastened with a renning vice, to take in & out your crop. Than set your crop an handful within the over end of your staff, in such wise, that it be as big there, as in any other place above, then arm your crop at the over end down to the fret with a line of six hears, & double the line & frete it fast in the top with a bow to fasten on your line. And thus shall ye make you a rod so privy that ye may walk therewith, and there will never any man weet what thing ye go about. It will be very light & nimble to fish with at your pleasure, & for the more readiness, lo here a figure thereof in example.  
AFter ye have thus made your rod: ye must learn for to colour your lines of hear in this wise. first ye must take of a white horse tail the longest hear & fairest that ye can find, & ever the rounder that it be: the better it is. Depart it in six parts, and every part ye shall colour by himself in diverse colours, as yellow, green, brown, tawny, russet, & dusk colour. And for to make good green colours on your hear, ye shall do take small ale a quart, and put it into a little pan, and put thereto half a pound of Alum, and put thereto your hear & let it boil softly half an hour. Than take out your hear and let it dry, than take a pottle of fair water and put it in a pan and put therein two hands full of Wyxene, and press it with a tile stone, and let it boil softly the space of an hour. And when it is yellow on the scum: put therein your hear, with half a pound of coperose beaten in powder, and let it boil half a mile way. And than set it down and let it keel five or six hours. Than take out the hear and dry it, and it is than the finest green that is possible to be had for the water. And ever the more that ye put thereto of coperose the better it will be, or else in the stead of it vertgrese.  
✚ And another way may ye make a brighter green, as thus. Let wood your hear in a wooden fat of light plunket colour, and than set him in old or wyxen like as I have showed you before, saving ye shall not put therein neither coperose or vertgrees.  
❧ For to make your hear seem yellow, dight it with Alum as I have said before, and after that with oldes or wixen, without coperose or vertgrece.  
✚ another yellow ye shall make thus, Take small ale a pottle, and stamp three handful of walnut leaves & put it together, and put in your hear till that it be as deep as ye will have it.  

¶ For to make russet hear.  
❧ Take a pint of strong lie & a half pound of soot, and a little juice of walnut leaves and a quart of Alum, & put them all together in a pan, and boil them well, and when it is cold: put in your hear till it be as dark as ye will have it.   

¶ For to make a brown colour,  
❧ Take a pound of soot & a quart of ale, and seeth with as many walnut leaves as ye may, and when they be black set it from the fire, and put their in hear & let it lie still till it be as brown as ye will have it.   

¶ For to make an other brown.  
¶ Take strong ale, and soot and temper them together and put there to your hear two days and two nights, and it shallbe a right good colour▪   

¶ For to make a tawny colour.  
❧ Take lime and water & put them together, and also put your hear therein four or five hours. Than take it out, and put it into a tanner's ose one day, and it shallbe as fine a tawny colour as any needeth to our purpose.  
❧ The sixth part of your hear, ye shall keep still white for lines, for the double hook to fish for the trout & grazing, and for small lines for to lie for the roche & the Dase.  
When your hear is thus coloured: ye must know for which waters, and for which seasons they shall serve. The green colour in all clear waters from April unto September. The yellow colour in every clear water, from Septembre to november, for it is like to the weeds and other manner of grass which groweth in the waters and rivers when they be broken.  
❧ The russet colour serveth all the winter unto the end of Apryll, as well in rivets as in pools, or lakes.  
The brown colour, serveth for that water that is black dedish in rivers or other waters. The tawni colour, for these waters that been hethy or morysh.  
NOw must ye make your lines in this wise. First look ye have an instrument like unto this figure portrayed following. Than take your hear and cut of the end an handful large or more. For it is neither strong nor sure. Than turn the top to the tail, every one like much, and depart it into three parts. Than knit every part at one end by himself, and at the other end knit all three together. And than put the same end in that other end of your instrument that hath but one clift. And than set that other end fast with the wedge four fingers in all shorter than your hear. Than twine every warp one way, and like much, and fasten them in three clefts alike straight. Take that out at that other end, & than twine it that way that it will desire enough Than strain it a little and knit it for undoing, & that is good. And for to know how to make your instrument: lo here is a figure. And it shallbe made of tree, saving the bolt underneath, which shallbe of iron.  
SO when ye have as many of ●●y●●es as ye suppose will suffice for the length of a line: than must ye knit them together with a water knot, or else a duchꝭ knot, and when your knot is knit: cut of the void short ends a straw bred fro the knot. Thus shall your lives be fair and fine, and also right sure for any manner of fish.  
YE shall understand, that the most subtle and hardest craft in making your harness, is for to make your hooks. For whose making ye must have feet toll thine and sharp and small beaten, a semi clam of Iron, a bender, a pair of long and small tongues, and an hard knife somedele thick and an anuy●de, and a little hammer.  
¶ Hammer, Knife/ pinson's, Clame/ Wedge/ File, 〈◊〉/ ●●nnelde.  
When ye have made your hooks: them must ye set them on your lines according in greatness & strength in this wise, ye shall take small red silk, and if it be for a great hook then double it not twined. And else for small hooks let it be single, and therewith frete thick the line there as the one end of your hook shall sit a straw breed. Then set there your hook and frete him with the same thread the two parts of the length that shallbe fret in all. And when ye come to the third part: them turn the end of your line again upon the frete double, and frete it so double at the other third part, than put your thread in at the hole twies or thrice, and let it go each time round about the yard of your hook, then wet the hole and draw it till it be fast, and look that your line lie evermore within your hooks, and not without, then cut of the lines end and the thread as nigh as ye may saving the frete.  
❧ So ye know with how great hooks ye shall angle to every fish, now I will tell you with how many hears ye shall Angle to every fish. first for the Menow with a line of one hear. For the waring roach, the bleak, the Gogyn & the Ruffel with a line of two hears, for the Darse and the great roach with a line of three hears, For the Perch with Flounder and bremet with four hears For the Chevyn chubbe, the Breme. the Tench, and the Eel with six hears. For the trout, graysing barbyl, & the great chevyn: with nine hears. For the great with twelve hears. For the Salmon with xu hears, and for the pike with a chalk line made brown with your brown colour aforesaid armed with a line as ye shall hear hereafter when I speak of the pike. ●our lines must be plummed with lead. And ye shall weet that the next plumb to the hook, shallbe therefro a large foot & more, and every plumb a quantity unto the greatness of the line. There be three manner of plumbs for a ground line running. And for the float set upon the ground line lying ten plumbs joining all together on the ground line renning nine or ten small. The float plumb shallbe heavy that the first pluck of any fish may pull it down into the water, and make your plumbs round and smooth, that they stick not on stones or on weeds, and for the more understanding, lo they be here in figures.  
❧ The ground line, renning and lying.  
☞ The Float line, and the line for perch or Tench  
❧ The line for a pike, plumb, cork and armed with wire  
THen shall ye make your floats in this wise. Take a fair cork that is clean without any holes and bore it through with a small hot iron, and put therein a pen just and straight, ever more note the greater pen, and the greater hole. Than shape it great in the mids, and small at both ends, & specially sharp in the neither end, and like unto the figures following and make them smooth on a grinding stone or on a tile stone, and look that float for one hear be no more than a peses, for two hearꝭ as a bean, for xii hears as a walnut, & so every line must have according to his portion. ¶ All manner lines that be not for the ground: must have floats, and the renninge ground line must have a float, the lying ground line must have a float.  
NOw I have learned you to make all your har●eys Here I will tell you how ye shall angle.  
❧ Ye shall understand that there is two manner of angling. That one is at the ground for the trout and other fish. An other is at the ground at an arch or a strange, where it ebbeth and floweth: for bl●ke, roche, and Darse. the third is with a float for all manner of fish. The fourth with a menow for the Troute, without plumb or float. The fifth is renning in the same for the roche & darse, with one or two hears and a fly. The sixth is a dubbed hook, for the Troute or grailing. And for the first and principal point in angling: keep the ever from the water for the sight of the fish, either far upon the land, or else behind a bush that the fish see you not. For if they do: they will not bite. And look that ye shadow not the water as much as ye may. For it is that thing that will soon fray the fish. And if a fish be afraid: he wil● not bite long after. For all manner of fish that feed by the ground ye shall angle for them to the bottom, so that your hook shall run, or lie on the ground. And for all other fish that feedeth above: ye shall angle for them in the mids of the water, or somedeal beneath, or somedeal above, for ever the greater fish: the nearer he lieth to the bottom of the water. And ever the smalller fish the more he swimmeth above, The third good point is when the fish biteth that ye be not to hasty to smite, nor to late.  
For ye must abide till ye suppose that the bait be far in the mouth of the fish, & then abide no longer, & this is for the ground. And for the float, when ye see it pulled softly under the water, or else carried softly upon the water, then smite. And look that ye never oversmite the strength of your line for breaking. And if it fortune you to smite a great fish with a small harness, than ye must lead him in the water, & labour him there till he be drowned & overcome▪ Then take him as well as ye can or may and ever beware that ye hold not over the strength of your line. And as much as ye may let him not come out of your lines end straight from you, but keep him ever under the rod, & evermore hold him straight so that your line may sustain, and bear his leaps, and his plunges with the help of your crop and of your hand.  
Here I will declare unto you, in what place of the water ye shall angle, ye shall angle in a pool or in a standing water in every place where it is any thing deep.  
☞ There is no great choice of any place where it is any thing deep in a pool. For it is but a prison unto all fishes & therefore it is the less mastery to take them. But in a river, ye shall angle in every place where it is deep and clear by the ground, as gravel or clay without mud or weeds, and in especial if that there be a manner whirling of water or a covert. As an hollow bank or great roots of trees, or long weeds fleeting above the waters where as the fish may cover and hide themself at certain times when they list. Also it is good for to angle in deep stiff streams, and also in valles of water and wears, & in flood gates or mill pits.  
And at the bank, and where the stream runneth nigh thereby, and is deep and clear by the ground and in any other places where ye may see any fish have any feeding.  
AS now shall ye wit, what time of the day ye shall angle. From the beginning of may until it be September: the biting time is early in the ●or●we from four of the clock unto eight of the clock, at after none from four to eight also, but not to good 〈◊〉 the morning, and if it be a cold wind and a lowering day, it is much better than a clear day. Also many po●●e fishes will bite best in the morn tide.  
❧ And if ye see in any time of the day the Troute or graling leap, angle to him with a dub according to the same month. And where the water ebbeth and floweth: the fish will bite in some place at the ebb, and in some place at the flood after they have resting behind stanges, & arches of bridges, and other such manner places.  
Here shall ye wit in what manner of wether ye shall angle in, as I said before in a dark louring day when the wind bloweth softly. And in summer season when it is brenning hot, than it is nought. From September unto Apryll in a fair sunny day it is right good to Angle: and if the wind 〈…〉 have any part of the Dryer● wa●he●: 〈◊〉 it is nought, & when it is great wind & when it showeth, raynech, or haileth, or is a great tempest, as thunder or lightning or a swoly hot wether: than it is nought for to angle.  
YE shall now wit that there be twelve manner of impediments which cause a man to take no fish, without other coming that may casually hap. The first is if your harness be not meet, nor fetely made. The second is, if your baits be not good nor fine. The third is if that ye angle not in biting time. The four is if the fish be frayed with the sight of a man. The .v. if that the water be very thick, white or red of any flood late fallen. The vi if the fish steer not for cold. The vii if that the wether be hot. The viii if it rain. The ix if it hail or snow. The ten if it be tempest. The xi. if it be great wind. The xii if the wind be in the east and that is worst. For commonly neither winter nor summer the fish will not bite than. The west and the north wind been good, but the south is best.  
ANd now I have told you how to make your harness, and how ye shall fish therewith in all points: reason will that ye know with what baits ye shall angle to every manner of fish in every month of the year, which is all the effect of the craft. And without which ●aytes: know well by you, all your other craft here to borne availeth you not to purpose. For ye cannot bring a hook into a fish mouth without a bait, which baits for every manner of fish, and for every month here followeth in this wise.  
AS now because that the Salmon is most stately fish that any man may angle to in fresh water: Therefore I purpose to begin at him.  
✚ The Salmon is a gentle fish, but he is cumbrous for to take. For commonly he is but in deep places of great rivers, and for the most part beholdeth him in the mids of it, that a man may not come at him. And he is in season from March unto Michaelmas. In which season ye shall angle to him with these baits when ye may get them. First with a red worm in the beginning & ending of the season, and also with a grub that breedeth in a dunghill, and especially with a sovereign bait that breedeth in a water dock. And he bideth not at the ground but at the float, also ye may take him, but it is seldom seen with a grub at such times as when he leapeth, in like form and manner as ye do take a trout or a graling, and these been well proved baits for the Salmon.  
THe Troute for because he is a right dainteous fish and also fervent biter, we shall speak next of him. He is in season fro March unto Myhelmas. He is on clean gravel ground, and in a stream, ye may angle to him at all times with a ground line, lying or renning, saving only in leaping time, and than with a dub. And early with a renning ground line, and forth on the day with a float line.  
❧ Ye shall angle to him in March with a menow hanged on your hook by the nethernes without float or plumb drawing up and down in the stream till ye feel him fast  
❧ In the same time angle to him with ground lines, & with a red worm for the most sure. In April take the same baits, and also juneba. otherwise named vii eyes. & also the canker that breedeth in a great tree & the red snail.  
❧ In may take the stone fly, & the ●obbe under the cow tord & the silk worm & the bait that breedeth on a fern lief  
✚ In june take a red worm & nip of the head and a codworme before upon the hook. In july take the great red worm & the codworme together. In august take a flesh fly, and the great red worm, and the fat of the bacon, and bind them together about the hook. In Septembre take the red worm and the menow, In October take the same, for they been special for the trout at all times of the year. From Apryll till September the trout leapeth, than angle to him which a dubbed hook according to the month which dubbed hooks ye shall find at the end of this treatise, and the months with them.  
THe Grailing by an other name called Umbre is a right delicious fish to man's mouth, and ye may take him like as ye do the Troute, and these been his baits, In March and in April the red worm In May the green worm, a little braysed worm, the dock Canker and the hawthorn worm. In june the bait that breedeth between the tree and the bark of an Oak. In evil a bait that breedeth on a fern lief and the great red worm, and nyp of the head and put it on your hook and a Codworme before in August the red worm and a Dock worm, and all the year after a red worm.  
THe Barbell is a sweet fish but it is aquaysy meat and perilous for a man's body. For commonly he giveth an introduction to the febres. And if that he be eaten raw, he may because of man's death, which hath often times been seen. These be his baits. In March and in april take a fair fresh cheese, & lay it on a board, and cut it in small square pieces of the length of your hook. Than take a candle and burn it at the end at the point of the hook unto the time that it be yellow, & than bind it on your hook with fletchers silk, and make it rough like a welbede, this bait is good all the summer season. In May & june take the hawthorn worm, & the great red worm, & nip of the head and put upon your hook a codworme before, and that is a good bait. In july take the red worm for chief, & the hawthorn together, also the water dock leaf worm together in august, and for all the year, take the talaw of a sheep. & soft cheese of each like much, & a little honey, & grind or stamp them together long & temper it till it be tough and put thereto a little flower, & make it in small pelletes & that is a good bait to angle with at the ground, & look that it sink in the water, or else it is not good to this purpose.  
THe carp is a dainteous fish, but there be but few in England, and therefore I writ least of him he is an evil fish to take. For he his so strong en armed in the mouth that there may no week harneyes hold him And as touching his baits I have but little knowledge of it, and I were loath to write more than I know, and ●aue proved. But well I know that the red worm and the menow been good baits for him, at all times, as I have heard say of persons credible, and also found written in books of credence.  
THe chevin is a stately fish, & his head is a deynti morsel. There is no fish so strongly enarmed with scales on the body, and because he is a strong biter: he hath the more baits which been these. In March the red worm at the ground, for commonly than he will bite there at all time of the year, if he be any thing hungry. In April the ditch Canker that breedeth in the tree, a worm that breedeth between the rind and the tree of an oak. The red worm, and the young frosh is when the feet be cut of. Also the stoneslie, the bob under the cowetorde, the red snail, In may, the bait that breedeth in the osyer lief, & the dock canker together upon your hook, and a bait that breedeth on a fern lief, the red worm, and a bait that breedeth on a hawthorn, and a bait that breedeth on an oaken leaf, and a silk worm, and a codworme together. In june take the creker and the dorre, and also a red worm, the head cut of and a codworme before, and put them on the hook. Also a bait in the osyer lief, young frosshes, the three feet cut of by the body, and the fourth by the knee. The bait on the hawthorn, and the codworme together & also a grub that breedeth on a dungehil, a great greshop and the humble Bee in the meadow. Also young bees, and young hornets, also a great brendeth fly that breedeth in paths meadows, and the fly that is among pismer hills. In August take wort worms, and maggots to michaelmas, In September the red worm, and also take the baits when ye may get them, that is to wite, cherries, and young mice, not here, and the house comb.  
THe Breme is a noble fish, and a dainteous, & ye shall angle for him from March unto august with a red worm, and then with a butter fly. & a green fly, & with a bait that breedeth among green reed and a bait that breedeth in the bark of a dead tree, and for bremettes take maggots. And from that time forth all the year after take the red worm, & in the river brown breed. More baits there be, not easy, and therefore I let them pass●.  
THe Tench is a good fish, and healeth all manner of other fish the been hurt if they may come to him He is most part of the year in the mud, & stirreth most in june and july, and in other season but little. He is an evil byter, and his baits been these for all the year, brown bread toasted with honey in likeness of a but tread loaf, & the great red worm. And take the black blood in the heart of a sheep, & flower & honey, & temper them altogether, somedeal softer than past, & anoint the red worm therewith, both for his fish and for other. And they will bite much the better thereat, at all times.  
❧ The perch is a dainteous fish, & passing wholesome, and after biting. These been his baits. In march the red worm. In Apryll the bob under the cowetord. In may the slothorne worm, & the codworme. In june the bait that breedeth in an old fallen oak, & the great canker In july the bait the breedeth on the oyser leaf, & the bob that breedeth on a dunghill, & the hawthorn worm & the codworme. In August the red worm and maggots, and all the year after take the red worm for the best.  
✚ The roche is an easy fish to take, & if he be fat & penned them is he good meat, & these been his baits. In march the red worm. In Apryl the bob under the cowtord. In may the bait that breedeth on the oaken leaf, & the bob on the dunghyl. In june the bait that breedeth on osyer, & the codworm. In july house spies & the bait that breedeth on an oak, & the nutworme, & mathewes, & maggots unto Michaelmas, & then after that the fat of bacon.  
¶ The Dace is a gentle fish to take & if it be well refert then it is good meat. In March his bait is a red worm. And in April the bob under the cowtorde. In may the dock canker, & the bait on the flothorne, & on the oaken leaf. In june the codworme & the bait on the osyer, and the white grub in the dunghill. In july take house spies & flies the breed in pismer hills, the codworme & maggots unto Michaelmas, & if the water be clear, ye shall take fish when other take none, & from the time forth do as ye do for the roche, for commonly it is seen that their biting & baits be like  
The bleak is but a feeble fish, yet he is wholesome, his baitꝭ from march to Mighelmas be the same that I have write before for the roche & the darse, saving all the summer season that ye may angle for him with a house fly, & in winter season with bacon & other bait made as ye hereafter may know.  
✚ The ruff is right and wholesome fish, & ye shall angle to him with the same baits in all seasons of the year & in the same wise as I have told you of the perch, for they be like in fish and feeding, saving the ruf is less and therefore ye must have the smaller bait.  
❧ The Flounder is a wholesome fish & a fire, & a subtle byter in his manner. For commonly when he souketh his meat he feedeth at the ground, & therefore ye must angle to him with a ground line lying, & he hath but one manner of bait, & that is a red worm, & that is most chief for all manner of fish. ¶ The Gogyn is a good fish of the mochenes, & he biteth well at the ground, & his baits for all the year been these, the red worm, codworme & maggots & ye must angle to him with a float, and let your bait be near the bottom, or else upon the ground.  
❧ The menow when he shineth in the water, then he is bitter, and though is body be but little yet he is a ravenous byter, & eager, and ye shall angle for him with the same baits that ye do for the gogin saving they must be small.  
¶ The Eel is a quaysi fish, a ravener & devourer of the brood of fish, & the pike also is a devourer of fish. I put them both behind all other for to angle, for this eel ye shall found an whole in the ground of water, & it is blue & blackish, there put in your hook till that it be a foot within the hole & your bait shallbe a great āgle●wich or a menow. The pike is a good fish but for he devoureth so many as well of his own kind as of other, I love him the less & for to take him ye shall do thus. Take a roach or a fresh herring, & a wire with a hook in the end & put it in at the mouth, & out at the tail down by the ridge of the fresh h●●ring & than put the line of your hook in after, and dra● the hook into the cheek of the fresh herring, than put a 〈◊〉 be of lead upon your line a yard long from your 〈◊〉, & a float in midway between, & cast it in a pit wher● the pikes use, & this is the best and most surest craft t● take the pike. And three manner of taking him there is take a frosshe & put it on your hook at the neck between skin & the body, on the back half, & put on a float a yard the to, & cast it where the pike haunteth & ye shall have him  
✚ a other manner, take the same bait & put it in assafe ●ida, & cast it into the water with a cord and a cork an● ye shall not fail of him. And if ye list to have a good sport, than tie the cord to a goose foot, & ye shall see good haling whether the goose or the pike shall have the better  
NOw ye wot with what baits and how ye shall angle unto every manner of fish, Now I will tel● you how ye shall keep and feed your quick baits, y● shall feed and keep them all in general, but every ma●ner by himself with such things in and on which they breed. And as long as they be quick & new they be fine. But when they be in a sl●ugh or else dead tha● been they nought. Out of these been excepted three broo●des, that is to wite of hornetes, humblebees, and was●pes, whom ye shall bake in bread, and after dip thei● heads in blood and let them dry. Also except mago●●tes, which when they be bred great with their natural feeding, ye shall feed them furthermore with sheep's tallow And take good heed that in going about your disports y● open no man's gates but that ye shit them again. Also ye shal● not use this foresaid crafty disport for no covetousnꝭ, t● the increasing & sparing of your money only, but princ●●pally for your solace, & to cause the health of your body, 〈◊〉 specyallly of your soul. For when ye purpose to go on your disports in fishing, ye will not desire greatly many persons with you which might let you of your game. And than ye may serve god devoutly in saying effectually your customable prayers. And thus doing: ye shall eschew and also avoid many vices, as idleness which is principal cause to induce man to many other vices as it is right well known, Also ye shall not be to ravenous in taking of your said game, as to much at one time which ye may lightly do if ye do in every point as this present treatise showeth you, which should lightly be the occasion to destroy your own disports and other men's also. And when ye have a sufficient mess ye should covet no more at that time. Also ye shall busy yourself to nourish the game in all that ye may and also to destroy all such things as been devourers of it.  
Finis. ¶ And all those that doth after this rule shall have the blessing of God and saint Peter, which he them grant that with his precious blood us bought. Amen.   
¶ Hear endeth the book of Hawking, Hunting, and fishing, with other divers matters.   

❧ Imprinted at London in Fleetstreet at the sign of the Rose Garland by William Copland.