Learned Tico Brahae his Astronomical Coniectur of the new and much Admired ⋆ Which Appeared in the year 1572  
Non Haberi Sed Esse   portrait of Tycho Brahe 
EFFIGIES TYCHONIS BRAHE OTTONIDIS DAN●… DNIDE KNUDSTRUP ET ARCIS VRANIENBURG IN INSULA HELLISPONTI DANICI HVENNA▪ Aetatis suae 40 Ann● DNI. 1580   

 diagram of new star found in Cassiopeia  
Printed at London by BASILIUS and T F for Michael  depiction of 'Spark (s)' and Samuel Nealand 1632   

TO The High and Mighty Emperor, RUDOLPHUS the II. The Preface of the Heirs to TYCHO BRAHE.  
AN Orphan Work (most mighty Emperor) we do now present unto the view of your Sacred Majesty, and do dedicate it to your renowned name, being the Astronomical exercises of our Parent of late approved memory, which by the leysurable studies of the Author are increased to so large a volume, that so they may be more commodious to Posterity, than the bare title of Exercises doth promise. For if ever HORACE'S Law were observed, it is in this Book, which cometh forth after Three times nine years are expired. For when our Parent at the first, had only purposed to treat in this Book of that wonderful new Star, which was seen in the year of seventy two, and diligently to examine the opinions of others concerning the same, and had begun to print it at Vraniburg, (all things going forward according to his own desire) it happened in the mean time, that he began to make a new and exact description of the course of the Sun, and to assign and point out the several places of the fixed Stars, even to half a minute, according to their Latitude and Longitude, and lastly to search out the intricate motions of the Moon, all which at length be performed, and hate here added to this Volume; so that we may truly affirm, that this Book in respect of the worthiness of the matter, deserveth a more famous title, than to be called Astronomical exercises. How difficult it was to perform, in respect that things lay deeply hidden, and therefore required the more labour to find out, having been before in pain attempted by others in former ages, I leave to their consideration, that have any the least knowledge in Astronomy. Now this incomparable labour, which is above the envy of malevolent persons, seeing that our Parent in the last years of his life, together with his other studies, hath devoted to your sacred Majesty, we therefore his surviving heirs, having Printed it after his decease, do now most humbly offer it to your Highness: Which we have done to the end, that we might give an account of his studies to the chief Monarch of the Christian world, and might take away all occasion of detraction from the envious, whom either their own malicious natures have stirred up against him, or their evil dispositions and ignorance have so corrupted and blinded their judgements, that they should think it all lost, which was bestowed on these royal Sciences; which was very little, in respect of that which was necessary, and in regard of the honour and glory which redoundeth from thence. But in this Complaint, the most learned and excellent men of all ages, may bear us company, who were envied while they lived. Since no age hath wanted some who with ARISTIPPUS and EPICURUS, have disdained Mathematical learning as vain and idle, and have hated the Professors thereof with more than barbarous malice. Nevertheless, most mighty Emperor, we being held up and sustained by the authority of your Imperial Majesty, who are placed on the highest Pinnacle of honour, have no reason to regard the envy of others. But have cause not to despise such idle censures, and call to mind the examples of your Majesty's Ancestors; namely, ALPHONSUS King of Arragon and Castell, ALBERTUS of Austria, FREDERICK, CHARLES' the fifth, and the like, who were all favourers of this noble study, and did extend their munificence and bounty to the professors thereof. For (that I may instance one of many) who could be more magnificent than ALPHONSUS, who out of his own praiseworthy and memorable bounty, did bestow upon the Tables of the Celestial motions, above fodre hundred thousand Ducats. Notwithstanding the Aristippusses of our time, do think it might better have been bestowed on sports and idle pleasures. But yet these men do not consider that ALPHONSUS by this means hath gotten to himself everlasting glory, while the fame of other Kings is buried in obscurity. But yet how lame and defective are these costly Tables! And not to be compared with the labours of our Parent. Because they never made any observation from the Heavens, but by comparing the observations of the ancients, and noting the Progress of the Stars, they have pacthed up this bundle of Tables. This defect diverse learned men have endeavoured to supply, and especially the most famous COPERNICUS, who yet was much hindered by wanting fit Instruments, so that he could not attain to his desire, although he hath more perfectly rectified the motions than any of his Predecessors. Wherefore with confident modesty we dare affirm, that our. Parene hath excelled all the Astronomers of former ages, in the accurate restoring of the motions, and that neither any King or Prince except ALPHONSUS, hath bestowed so much upon Astronomy, so that he did not only employ his whole Revenues, arising from his Lands and offices which he held under the King of Denmark, but also of his own proper stock, he laid out above a hundred thousand Thaleri. But when after the death of this praiseworthy King, the charges grew so great, that he was almost tired therewith, being sent for out of his Country by your Majesty's command, he endeavoured to make the Tables of the Celestial motions dedicated to RUDOLPHUS, to exceed the Tables of ALPHONSUS and COPERNICUS, that so your Majesty (having promised to help him in the charges thereof Astronomy might live by your Majesty's liberality, and your Majesty's name might live eternally by Astronomy. When having thus intended to do, God took him away both in the middle of his age and Work, to the great hindrance of Learning, and the loss of us his heirs. Now therefore, that we may benefit Posterity, whereof we ought to have especial regard, we beseech your Majesty by the holy rites of Urania the heavenly Muse, that you would not in these trouble some times of War, neglect the opportunity of gaining eternal praise, by finishing those I ables, which albeit they require some charge, yet it is a work that may well beseem your Imperial Majesty. For as the Poet said, Sint Maejenates, non dierunt, Flacce, Marones'. So we may say, that if we could have such Patrons as ALBERTUS, FREDERICK, and CHARLES' the Great, there will not be wanting such, who will cheerfully undertake this labour, and finish that which remaineth. Whereby we dare promise, that your Majesty by rectifying the study of Astronomy, shall gain perpetual fame and glory, which shall continue as long as the Stars endure. And so to conclude this our Dedication, we commend your most sacred Majesty to the Protection of Almighty God, and ourselves as being the heirs of TYCHO BRAHE to your Majesty's protection. From Prague the day before the Calends of August, in the year of Christ, 1602.  
Your Majesty's most obedient Servants The Heirs of TYCHO BRAHE.   

THE TRANSLATOR TO THE READER.  

THis Books like to a Comet will appear  
For to be gazed at in the following year,  
Which though * in time perhaps it come behind, 
Tempore posterior.   
Yet here the Reader shall most amply find  
Renowned Tychoes own Prognostication  
Of the new Star in this same new Translation.  
Whereof a Learned and most grave Divine  
Hath made some observations for this Time.  
But we make TYCHO speak even word forword.  
Yet with that leave which * HORACE doth afford, 
Nec verbum verbo curabis reddere, fidus Interpres.   
Who thinks it merits a Translators name  
To change the words, and yet the sense retain,  
For this same Star itself before did shroud  
Within the Latin, hid as in a Cloud,  
But now it is unvayled, and here in sight  
It shineth forth again, as clear and bright  
As when it first appeared in the Sky,  
And was the object of each wandering Eye.  
* Astrology is but the speech of Stars, 
Astrology is a word compounded of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying; The speech of the Stars. Or Time.   
Which do foretell us both of Peace and Wars,  
And by this Star great TYCHO did intend  
To show the World was coming to an end.  
It was no nine days' wonder, but, shall last  
Until old * Cronos with his Sith be past,  
And all things be into a Chaos hurled,  
And that an end do come upon the World:  
The thought whereof, should still a motive be  
To make us think on our Eternity.   Mens super astra valet. 
Interp: V. V. S.   

An Elegy made and written by JAMES the VI King of Scots, in Commendation of TYCHO BRAHE his Works, and worth.  

QVam temerè est ausus Phaethon, vel praestat Apollo  
Qui regit ignivomos Aethere anhelus equos.  
Plus TYCHO; cuncta astra regis: tibi cedit Apollo  
Charus & Vraniae es hospes, alumnus, amor.  
JACOBUS REX.   

WHat Phaeton dared, was by Apollo done  
Who ruled the fiery Horses of the Sun.  
More Tycho doth; he rules the Stars above  
And is Vrania's Favourite, and Love.    

LEARNED Tycho Brahe his Prophetical Conclusion of the New and much admired Star of the North, 1572.  Translated according to his Original Astronomical Prediction. 
THat which I intended to deliver to posterity, concerning the New and admirable Star which appeared in the year 1572. in the beginning of November, and near unto the Constellation of Cassiopeaes, I have now finished, and by God's assistance (from whom we acknowledge all things to be received) brought it to a desired end. And I think that in those things which I have propounded and explained, no material point is omitted, having taken such pains in finding out the truth and clearing it from the pollutions of error, that all those who understand the Mathematics, and will consider of things with a sincere judgement, shall find no occasion either to doubt or contradict.  
But yet to the end that those things which I purposed to divulge concerning this strange and wonderful Star, being written according to the Rules of Astronomy, and compared with other men's opinions, might attain to the greater perfection; I thought it meet in the former part of this Book, to entreat of some things in general, thereby to lay a groundwork, not only to the Explanation of this Star, but also to the whole Science of Astronomy.  
Therefore in the first two Chapters, we have handled all matters appertaining to the exact rectifying and renewing of the course of the Sun, & of the Moon his Sister, according to their own motions in the Heavens. After this, I have described no less than eight hundred of the fixed Stars, and have assigned them their several places, according to their Longitude and Latitude. For by that amiable bright morning and evening Star of Venus, we have set forth by many approved trials, the limits of the fixed Stars, in respect of the Equinoctial points and have added to these all the other chief Stars, which do appear near the Zodiac: and so at last we descended to the rectification of the Stars belonging to the Constellation of Cassiopea, the knowledge whereof, we knew would avail much to our present purpose. And now albeit, the performance hereof in due manner required more study and labour, than the unexperienced can judge, who are ready to allege that I have took more pains in searching out and declaring the nature of this Star according to the fundamental Rules of Astronomy, than indeed was necessary. Yet to the end, that some solid and certain truth might be known concerning this unusual appearance, I thought fit to lay a sound and firm foundation to build upon, which could not be performed without the rectification of the course of the Sun, and the fixed Stars.  
So that I doubt not, but I shall obtain pardon of those which will consider things with an equal and favourable judgement; But if I seem to have heaped diverse matters together, in more ample manner, than the proper attributes of this Star did require, I have done it to that end, that so I might profit the whole Art of Astronomy, and might vindicate it from diverse faults as occasion was offered; for which I hope I shall rather deserve thanks, than the envy of those which are studious of this Sublime Science. And moreover this Star, of which I purposed chiefly to entreat, albeit it were ascitious and chanceable; yet because it shined forth most miraculously, and contrary to the Laws of Nature, even in the highest Firmament, like to the other Natural Stars, and stood there fixed and immovable for the space of a whole year and more, it seemed fit that some diligent pains should be taken, in considering and unfolding the circumstances belonging thereunto.  
Besides, we shall always gratefully acknowledge the labour of Hypparchus; who with great diligence hath noted out unto us, the places of all the Stars which are seen in the Eight Sphere, which he hath left unto us by his Will, by the occasion only of one new Star which was seen in his time, although it is likely that it was not to be compared with that which appeared in our days, neither in magnitude, nor shining brightness, not yet in the duration, and continuance thereof.  
For albeit, it shined without a tail or any scattered beams, (for then it had been a Comet) yet nevertheless it might be likened to some of those appearances, which are beheld in the form of obscure stars without any streaming beard at all, and so do exercise some proper motion, as that did which was seen in the year 1585. But howsoever, it doth not repent us of our labour which we have bestowed, according as our time and leisure would permit us; in as much as we trust that those things which we have delivered will be much available, not only to point out the due place and position of this novel Star, but also of all the other stars in the firmament, and likewise for the exact measuring of the course of the Planets. For if our Ancestors had used that diligence which they ought to have done, in deciphering the motions of the Sun, and in rectifying the true places of the fixed stars according to their Longitude and Latitude, we might then have spared that labour, which we bestowed in the two first Chapters, and might presently have declared those things which concerned the Star itself, whose description we had undertaken. Therefore, I thought it fit to prefix some observations concerning the Sun, the Moon, and the fixed stars; because we shall have occasion to mention them hereafter.  
Now in the other part of this Book, I have faithfully and accurately exhibited out of our own observations, these things which properly appertain to this new Star, and after that I had declared these observations which could be gathered either by ocular animadversion, or by the extrinsecall adjuncts thereunto belonging, I have also set down the form and use of those Instruments, that so the certainty thereof might appear. After this, I demonstrated the very place of the Star, in respect of the Ecliptic, and Equator, and by working of the small divisions, at last reduced them into whole numbers. And so passing to the unfolding of the Paralax, I have clearly proved by diverse invincible reasons that it had none at all, and that it was exalted, not only above the Elementary Region, and the confines of the Moon, but far beyond the Orbs of the Planets, even to the highest Sphere of the fixed stars, and so at last I have measured his true magnitude, and that I might the more truly compare it both to the Earth, and to the Celestial bodies, I have also prescribed the orders, and quantities of the Planets, and fixed stars, according as they are placed in the Heavens, though somewhat different from my Predecessors in the same kind.  
Lastly, in the third Partition, I have compared the opinions of other men concerning this matter, and have examined them by the Touchstone of truth.  
And first, I have showed their consents, who in this did agree with us, that this Star did admit of no Particular; and next their assertions, who did attribute unto it some diversity of aspect, yet not so great as to make it sublunary. In the third place, I have searched out their suppositions, who have determined nothing Mathematically concerning it, but have brought in some absurd conjectures far differing from the truth; namely, that it was not a new Star, but that it received an accidental light from some of the old Stars, while some again endeavoured to thrust it out of the Heavens, and to place it nearer the Moon, have drawn it down to the Aethereal Element. And so in the three last Chapters, I have weighed their opinions who have either come near unto the truth, or wandered from it concerning this new Star, which I have done, that so the truth might appear and shine forth, more clearly, and not by flattery to obtain the favour of any one, by reciting their opinions, who have judged somewhat near the matter, nor yet to inveigh against those who have produced strange conceits very wide from the purpose; but I have only took care, that the truth might not be violated in any thing, but have endeavoured to suppress their boasting endeavours, who either through ignorance, or wilfulness have opposed themselves against it, and have openly rejected and confuted their erroneous opinions. For so the truth shall be more easily brought to light, not only by inducing probable conceits, but also by removing contrary and erroneous supponsions.  
But when I consider with myself, how many vain opinions there have been concerning this Star, both in respect of his situation and distance from the Earth (when yet they were more easy to be found out, in regard of the immobility of the Star, and in that it appeared always above the Horizon, than in Comets which are allotted some motion) I do not so much wonder at it, seeing not only the motions of the Stars are not hitherto declared in such an accurate manner as is fitting; but also, that there do so many questions and controversies arise in Philosophy and Divinity.  
For if that which plainly appeared to the sight, and might easily be measured and demonstrated Geometrically by fit Instruments, was yet subject to so great variety and difference of judgements: how much more those things which are not discernible by the senses, nor subject to humane industry, but are so full of doubts and perplexities, that truth (which is always but one, as the centre in the Circie) is very hardly or never found out. Hence arises so great a confusion of opinions in every Science, and diverse several questions are discussed, not only in natural Philosophy, but also in Divine and Moral matters, that it is hard to find out, and firmly to establish any certainty, which may be equal to Geometrical demonstrations, or which cannot be contradicted. Such are the blind apprehension of man's nature, and in such a darkness of error do we spend our days here on Earth. And therefore moved by these considerations, I have illustrated and discovered whatsoever I thought did belong to the consideration of the unusual Star, both by declaring the true nature thereof, as also by detecting the errors of diverse and sundry Writers: Now there remaineth yet two other questions to be unfolded, whereof the one is Physical, concerning the matter and procreation of this Star; the other Astrological, concerning the effects and signification thereof, whereof I purposed not to entreat seriously, or by way of judicial divination to set down any certainty in this present Work, in as much as they are not subject to the senses nor to any Geometriall demonstration, but are only grounded upon probable conjectures, and not on Mathematical Principles: Yet nevertheless, because many do desire a Physical and prognostical explanation of this Star, and are very desirous to see them set forth, especially, the latter: therefore for the satisfaction of their minds, I will declare my opinion concerning this Star, but yet with this caution; that those things which I shall disclose are not to be compared in respect of their indubitable certainty, with that which I have propounded demonstratively in the former part of my Book; for these Prognostic matters are grounded only upon conjectural probability. Therefore I will not insist long upon them, but speak of them as briefly as I may; and for this purpose I have reserved them to be handled here in the conclusion of my whole Book, that so I might the more sparingly entreat of them.  
Therefore, concerning the matter of this adventitious Star, that I may first give you my opinion, I think it was Celestial, not differing from the matter of the other Stars, but yet in this it did admit of some diversity, that it was not exalted to such a perfection, nor solid composition of the parts, as appear in the everlasting and continuing Stars: and therefore it had no perpetual duration, as these have, but was subject in process of time to dissolution; forasmuch as this Star could not consist of any elementary matter, sith that cannot be carried into the highest part of the air, nor can obtain there any firm place of abiding. Besides, this Star did at the first in his magnitude exceed the whole Globe of the Earth, and was three hundred times bigger than the whole circumference thereof, and therefore what sublunary matter could be sufficient to the conformation of it?  
But some may say, how or whence could it be framed of Celestial matter; I answer that the Heavens did afford it themselves, in like manner as the Earth the Sea, and the Air; if at any time they exhibit some strange sight, do produce it out of their own proper substance. For although the Heaven itself be thin and pervious, giving way to the motion of the Stars without any hindrance, yet it is not altogether incorporeal, for than it should be infinite and without place. Therefore the very matter of Heaven, though it be subtle, and possible to the courses of the Planets, yet being compacted and condensated into one Globe, and being illustrated by the light of the Sun, might give form and fashion to this Star. Which because it had not his beginning from the common order of nature, therefore it could not have a continual duration equal to the rest; as in like manner, new and monstrous generations arising and compounded out of the Elements cannot long endure. And albeit the large vastness of the Celestial world may afford sufficient matter for the conformation of any adventitious Star, yet there is no where more plenty then near unto Vialactea or the Milky way, which I suppose to be a certain heavenly substance not differing from the matter of the other Stars, but diffused, and spread abroad, yet not distinctly conglobated in one body, as the Stars are: and hence I conjecture it came to pass, that this Star appeared in the edge of the milky way, and had the same substance as the Galaxia hath. Besides, there is discerned a certain mark or scar as it were in that part of the Galaxia, wherein this Star was seated, as in a clear night when the milky way is not vailed with clouds we may easily perceive. Which mark or scar I never saw before this Star did arise, neither did I ever read of it. But howsoever, the substance of the milky Zone is able to supply matter for the framing of this Star, which because it had not attained so excellent a consummation, and solid existence, as the genuine and natural Stars have, therefore it was subject to dissolution and dissipation, either by its own nature, or by the multiplicity of the beams of the Sun and other Stars.  
Neither is Aristotle here to be allowed of, who disapproving of the opinions of others, doth himself bring in no less absurdities, while he maketh the Galaxia to be a certain sublunary concretion attracted and formed out of the Stars which are above it; so that it becometh a Meteor, in the highest part of the Air, not unlike to the Comets, which he (grounding one absurdity upon another) supposeth to be generated there. For if it were so, the Milky way would not have continued in the same form, place, and Magnitude, as it hath done from the beginning of the world. And beside, other Stars would attain unto the like Luminous concretion; And moreover, this Galaxia of Aristotle, would then admit of a Paralax, and according to the optic consideration, by the shining of the fixed Stars through it, it would beget a strange refraction, differing from that which is occasioned by the vapours that are seen about the Horizon, which seldom riseth to the twentieth degree of Altitude, when this proceeding from the Via lactea would reach to the greatest height. All which, Aristotle rather guested at, grounding it upon conjecture rather than on the doctrine of the Mathematics & optics; and therefore it is no marvel, if he hath endeavoured, to banish those seldom appearing Cornets out of the heaven, and to equal them to sublunary Meteors, whereby he hath thrust down the Galaxy beneath the Moon, and hath made it participant of a sublunary nature. Hence it is, that Aristotle and other Philosophers, have joined the description and explication of the Galaxia, together with the Comets, because they knew not, the affinity which is between, having only learned by experience, or by the relation of ancient writers, that these beamy Stars have their original and beginning near to the Milky way. Neither can it be a Solaecisine, in that I affirm, that this new Star was framed of Celestial matter, being the same whereof the Galaxia and other Stars do consist, yet not so well compacted; when we may discern the like productions in the Earth, which bringeth forth metals and precious stones. Yet though all metals and gems have one and the same matter, yet all are not concocted and brought to the same subtlety, and maturity by the powerful working of nature; hence it is, that some are sooner corrupted; others very hardly; so that pure gold and silver, in respect of the homogemly and perfection of their parts, are able to resist the violence of the fire, without any loss or detriment at all, when more imperfect metals, as Led and Tin, are soon calcinated into ashes, or else vanish into smoke; In like manner, this Star might be framed of Celestial martyr, although it had not attained to such a perfect existence as the natural Stars; and therefore, it could not with them be able to endure the beams of the Sun and Stars, and the motion of the Heaven, and with all it was subject to a successive alteration, until at last it was quite dissolved. But why this Star although it had the same matter with the Galaxia, which is not obnoxious to corruption, yet was in time extinct, I will declare some reasons hereafter. Wherefore having spoken sufficiently of the first part, namely of the Physical nature of this Star, I will now descend to give you my conjectural opinion, concerning the signification of this Star as it did betoken some thing that was to come.  
I know there were some (otherwise learned men) who did hold, that these new appearances which are sometimes seen in the Heavens, have no effectual operation, or signification, being (it may be) led unto that opinion, because those things which Astrologers foretell concerning the effects of such adventitious Stars, are full of vanity, and do seldom come to pass, or prove true in the end. Yet notwithstanding in my opinion, we should not take away all power of Divination, from such admirable and strange appearances, because Astrologers cannot by evident demonstration presage of their events. But rather, such are to be taxed, who rashly deliver their uncertain conjectures; and the weakness of man's judgement, which is ready to wander from the truth is to be pardoned, but we ought not to imagine that God and Nature doth vainly mock us, with such new formed bodies, which do presage nothing to the world. Yet truly the Prognostication and foreknowledge of and concerning such strange appearances in the heavens, is very hard to find out, and doth oftentimes delude the understanding of man, seeing we do not certainly know the influences of the other Stars. Whence it may come to pass, that Astrology, which entreateth of the effects of the Stars, may deliver that which is true, as well as Astronomy, which only declareth their motions and appearances, since the cause cannot want an effect, whether it is to be known or not. Neither hath humane industry been able to search out the motions of the Stars, although they are most certain. So that it is less marvel, that their effects which are not obvious to the sense should lie so deeply hidden, and oftentimes deceive men's judgements.  
For if there were ever any difficulty in discerning, and foretelling the significations of the Stars, truly this new Star, which appeared in our age for a whole year together, doth require much labour and diligence, in revealing the Portent thereof, and in showing what it might signify.  
Especially, since there were never any apparitions like unto it, from whence any knowledge might be gathered by the likeness of events, for Arts of divination are not grounded on any Principles, but upon experimental observation. But no apparition like this was ever testified by any monument of antiquity, to have been seen and beheld of men, except that which Pliny mentioneth to have been observed by Hypparchus, which in regard it had a proper motion (as we may gather from the words of Pliny) cannot be compared with this new Star, which always stood fixed in one place. Yet it is probable, that as the Star which Hypparchus beheld, did foresignify the declining of the Grecian Monarchy, and the enlarging of the Roman Empire. So far, that the whole world should be in subjection to this one City; so likewise, some strange alteration in the public government of Estates and Commmon-weales, shall ensue in the following years. For, as this was a rare and wonderful Star, shining forth in the heavens unexpectedly, so it is likely and probable, that it will produce strange, great, and wonderful effects, but what they shall be in particular, I think no mortal man is able to guess, being as far distant from our knowledge, as the rising of this Star was before it did appear.  
Yet the form of it, when it showed itself from the beginning, shining forth with a jovial, clear, and bright lustre, doth seem to foreshow a prosperous and peaceable estate of humane affairs; but yet the Martial fiery glistering thereof, doth foresignify that some violence and trouble shall be intermingled with it. And beside, by this jovial figure, it seemeth to portend, a great alteration, if not an utter subversion of Religion; so that those devices which by outward shows and Pharisaical Hypocrisy, have long time bewitched ignorant people, shall now come to their full point and end: and even as this new false Star shined forth at the beginning, with a clear and amiable aspect, but yet at last did change in colour, and lessen in proportion, until at length it vanished quite away: So those false Planets, which by an outward plausible appearance, do seduce and lead men from the light of the truth, shall be quite extinguished. Also, it is worthy of consideration, that albeit this Star was so near to the Semicircle of the Colour, that his beams almost touched it, yet his whole body was seated toward the Vernal Quarter, and in respect of the Poles of the world, in the middle of the first degree of Aries, which may seem to declare, that some great Light is now at hand, which shall enlighten and by degrees expel the former darkness; as the Sun having passed the Vernal point of the Equinoctial, doth make the day longer than the night, which before had the advantage of the day. And as this Star appeared in the highest heavens, to the view of the whole world, so it is credible, that there shall happen a great Catastrophe and universal change throughout all the chief Nations of the Earth, especially those which are situated Northward from the Equinoctial.  
Moreover, forasmuch as this Star was placed in the eight Sphere, above the Orbs of the Planets, it seemeth that the predictions issuing from it, do not only concern one peculiar tract of Land, but all the Nations of the world; and therefore it will be the longer before the effects will be declared by succeeding events. Which, as they shall not begin, until some years after the apparition, so they shall continue for a long time afterward. And if we may take leave to conjecture by Astrological computation of time, concerning the first beginning of that which is portended, we may guess it will be nine years after the great conjunction, whereof this Star was the Prodromus or forerunner. If therefore we frame our Astrological direction by the place of this Conjunction which was in the one and twentieth degree of Aquarius, the events of this Star shall begin to show themselves, nine years after this Conjunction. And when this is finished, in the year of Christ 1583. and in the latter end of the Month of April, the confirmation and end of this Equinoctial progression to the place of the new Star, will fall out in the year 1592. when the third Septinary of years after the first appearing of the Star shall be accomplished. And those Noble Heroes which shall happen to be borne at the first rising of this Star, being ordained to be the Authors and atchievers of those great mutations, shall about that time come to full ripeness of age, that they may be fit and able for the performance of such great enterprises, and for the reducing of these Predictions into act. And in the fourth Septenary of years, when they have attained to their chief strength, they shall make the truth of these conjectures appear most plainly▪ But if we take our direction by comparing the place of this Conjunction from the Zodiac, or the degrees of the Ecliptic, unto the place of this new Star, than it is likely that the force and influence of this Star, will chiefly show itself in the year of our Lord 1632. for all the significations of this Star do depend on the trigonal revolution and tansmutation of the Planets. And therefore if this rbee the seventh revolution of the Planets, the first whereof was in the days of Enoch, the second in Noah's time, and at the Universal Deluge, the third in the days of Moses, when the people were freed from the Egyptian servitude, the fourth in the days of the Kings of Israel, the fift in the time of Christ's Incarnation, when the Roman Empire was at the highest, and the sixt in the days of Charles the Great, when the Empire was translated to the Germans, this last and seventh, is as it were the Sabbath to all the rest, and doth foreshow something of greater consequence than all the former, wherein it is worthy of observation, that all the trigonal revolutions, as the first, third, and fift, were very profitable and advantageous to the world; and so it is not unlikely that this seventh revolution being an unequal number, doth point out and foresignify the happy estate of things which is to come. Neither doth this conjecture differ from the Prophecies of wise men which were illuminated with divine knowledge, who have foretold, that before the universal consummation & end of all things, there shall be a peaceable and quiet age, wherein the diverse forms of Religions and politic government, shall be changed and be made agreeable and conformable to the will of God. Which assertion we may collect out of the Prophets, who did foretell, that at last there should be a golden age; In which they shall break their swords into Ploughshares, and their spears into pruning-hookes, Nation shall not life up a sword against Nation, neither shall they learn War any more: But they shall sit every man under his Vine, and under his Figtree, and none shall make them afraid: As the Prophet Micah hath it. Chap. 4. And Isaiah, Chap. 11. doth foretell of it, in this manner: The Wolf also shall dwell with the Lamb, and the Leopard shall lie down with the Kid, and the Calf and the young Lion, and the Fatling together, and a little Child shall lead them, and the Cow and the Bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the Lion shall eat straw like an Ox. And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the Asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the Cockatrice Den, they shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the Earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the Sea.  
Also, in the sixty Chapter of Isaiah, speaking of the mystical Jerusalem, and perfect state of Christianity, he saith, For brass I will bring gold, and for iron I will bring silver, and for wood brass, and for stones iron▪ I will also make thy Officers peace, and thine exactor▪ Righteousness: Violence shall no more be heard in thy land, wasting nor destruction within thy borders, but thou shalt call thy walls Salvation, and thy gates praise; & at length he concluded thus; for, I the Lord will hasten it in his time. Besides, many other places are found both in the Prophets, and the Revelation, which do promise this unexpected happiness. Therefore that this Prophecy may be fulfilled, which was delivered by divine inspiration, it must needs come to pass, even before the end and consummation of the world. But seeing the event of these things shall come to pass in the new revolution of the Planets, before which this Star appeared, some do suppose, that the light of Religion doth now shine out clearly having over come the darkness of Error; but if it were so, whence are then those Controversies, and varieties of opinions which are defended by Learned men; insomuch that the war of Pens, is more dangerous than that of Swords. Truly, it is rather to be feared, lest we take this dawning and break of day, to be the clear noone-light. Therefore, I suppose that this Star doth signify, that there shall be a new change both in Religion, and the estate of humane affairs. Ventum ad supremum est patientur summam ruinam, qui Deus in Coelis regit & reget omnia terris. That is to say, We are come now to the highest perfection, the power of Antichrist and the Pope shall decay and be brought to ruin, and GOD who ruleth in Heaven shall rule all things on Earth.  
But if any do object, that the end of the world is at hand, and that therefore there will not be sufficient time to bring about a new Change. I answer, that Saint Paul doth assure us, that the jews shall be engrafted into the Church, before the final consummation of the world, which (by humane conjecture) must needs require some time before, they being scattered over the whole face of the Earth, shall be gathered into one Nation. Yet I think it not unnecessary to admonish and stir up the minds of men to think upon the end of the world, that so they may remember the Eternity which shall follow after it. But yet it is impossible to limit and set forth a certain time for the consummation of the world, which only dependeth upon the goodwill and pleasure of God, and is not revealed to the Angels, and therefore cannot be known by any human prescience▪ But if some do suppose, that the tract of Hand to which this Star was vertical, is ominous above the rest, as if from thence the occasion and author of so great mutations are to be expected, we must then choose out those parts of the Earth, which had the new Star in their Meridian at the time of the new Moon next following, which fell out, accounting the time by our Meridian, upon the fifteenth of November, seven hours, thirteen minutes ⅔. in the afternoon; to which if we apply, the latitude or distance from the Equinoctial agreeable to the declination of the Star which was in 61. ¾. so that the place on the Earth answerable thereunto, must needs be Russia or Moschovia, especially that part thereof which is joined unto Finland; for in that tract of Earth this new Star in the new Moon following, was in their Zenith, and just over their heads, where it stood equally distant from the Horizon, and with a right angled aspect beheld this Country. Therefore, if this position of the Star do point out the place of the Earth, from whence these events shall arise, Moschovia seems especially to be designed, before any other Regions, which are situated towards the North, to whom this new Star was every day Vertical. Whither therefore, the first occasions of so great disturbances and mutations shall arise from hence which afterward shall be sowed and dispersed into other parts of the world, I leave it to be decided by others. Truly▪ that Gogus, whereof mention is made in the eight and thirtieth Chapter of Ezekiel, and to whom Esay Chapter 17. 56. and Micha Chap. 5. do allude, and with whom Magog is named in the Revelation, Chap. 20. may be rightly understood of the Msochovite, as Castellio hath interpreted it in the 38. and 39 of Ezekiel; That Gog should be the leader of the Moscovites and Iberians, because the old translation reads it, that he should be the Prince of Mosoch; and Thubal. For seeing the Hebrews read it Mesech, and the greeks and Latin interpreters do read it Mosoch, it is probable that the Moschovites are signified hereby; or else by this name, the whole Northern tract of Earth is included. Therefore it is very likely, that Moschovia is principally denoted by this Star, and Gogus the leader of the Moschovites, of whom it is foretold in the Prophets and the Revelation, who having made great slaughters in Europe, he at last with his whole army shall be overthrown, and so the Earth shall be disburdened of her wicked inhabitants. For it is probable, that there must be a great cleansing and extirpation of all Earthly impurities, before that peaceable and happy age (whereof the Prophets have spoken) shall come, but to show the particular manner thereof is above humane knowledge; we purpose only to make some conjectures in general, for the event will show itself.  
Moreover, because a certain ancient Prophecy of Sibylla Tiburtina, which was found in the year 1520. in Switzerland, engraven in a Marble stone in old latin Characters, which was discovered by the force of the water washing away the earth, may be fitly applied to this Star, I will here insert it and join it to our conjectures, for it is worthy of observation, being recited by Cornelius Gemma in his Treatise of Supernatural Apparitions, in these words.  

The Sibyl's Prophecy.  
A Star shall arise in Europe over the Iberians, at the great house of the North, whose beams shall unexpectly enlighten the whole World. And this shall be in a most desired time, when all Nations shall lay by their weapons and embrace Peace; but they shall contend during the Interregnum, and strive to obtain the reynes of Government; yet the ancient House shall prevail, and shall be prosperous in War, until contrary fates shall encounter one with another. For in the same time after this Star is gone, another great Light shall shine forth with Martial sparkling beams, and shall enlarge his Empire even to the bounds of the Antipodes. After this there shall be bloody Comets, and flashings of fire seen in the Heavens, so that there shall be no safety any where. The firmament of Heaven shall be dissolved, the Planets shall forget their courses, and the Spheres shall justle one another, the fixed Stars shall outgo the Planets. The Heavens shall be levelled with the Seas, and after these things come to pass, there shall be continual Night, destruction, ruin, condemnation and eternal darkness.  
G. S. G.   
There were diverse expositions of this Prophecy, at that time when it was first found out, some interpreting it of CHARLES the Fift, others drew the meaning of it to PHILIP King of Spain, and some thought that the King of France was meant thereby; but I think, that it doth rather point out those Iberi, which inhabit Northward toward Moschovia. So that this Oracle of Sibilla Tiburtina, did not denote the Spaniards, but those Iberians, which are near unto the Moschovites; especially, when she useth these words; Supra Iberos ad magnam Septentrionis domum: Over the Iberi at the great house of the North. And truly Moschovia, Scythia, and Tartary, do make a great part of Europe, so that it may well be called the great house of the North. And therefore, seeing we have formerly showed, that this unusual Star did cast his perpendicular beams and influence on the Country of Moschovia, it is not to be doubted but that this Star, together with that tract of Land, doth agree with the Sybilline Oracle. But concerning the other matters which are mentioned, I will not touch upon them in particular, but leave them to other men's judgements. Moreover, some of the other Sibyls, have prophesied concerning Gog and Magog, who should come in the latter times, and have expressly foretold of the rising of this Star, and among the rest Sibylla Babilonica, thus saith:  

Then a great Sign, shall from above be given,  
And a bright Star shall then arise in Heaven:  
Which shall like to a glistering Crown appear,  
And many days it shall stand fixed there.   
What can be more evident, concerning this clear Star which was beheld in our time, for that was more bright and shining than any of the rest, and was round in form like unto a Crown, having no beams right shooting from it as Comets have, besides it continued for a whole year and kept his Station in the Firmament with the other Stars. And therefore, this Sybilline prediction, doth fitly describe the form, light, situation, duration, and consumption of this Star, as if it had been then seen. Besides, she speaketh, of that great Comet, which immediately followed after this Star, in these word▪  

Within the West, a Blazing-Starre▪  
Shall rise, which named Comets are▪   
And in another place, thus▪  

After this Star within the fourth year▪  
A flaming Comet shall appear,  
Which on the deepest Seas below,  
His glaring beams abroad shall throw,   
Behold, how justly we doth limit out the time between the apparition of this new Star, and the Comet following; for there were almost four years between the vanishing of this new Star and the rising of the Comet which followed. And by the Sea shore, meaneth the Western Ocean, for in this part of the world, presently after the setting of the Sun, this Comet was seen; those who would know more concerning these predictions, let them read the books of the Sibyls, in which it doth appear, that there shall bea Catastrophe and change of things before the universal consummation of the world. Yet in what order things shall come to pass, it is hard to guess, either by the signification of this Star, or by the Sybilline Oracles, or by Divine Prophecies. But yet is likely, that those happy times shall not preceded, but follow after a more troublesome time; even as this Star at the first, did shine with a bright and clear lustre and with a jovial light, but afterward did assume a Martial sparkling colour, as may be gathered out of the words of the same Sibylla.  
And God who dwelleth in the Heavens shall then  
Save the remainder of the Sons of men,  
Then Peace and knowledge of the truth shall flourish  
The Earth her plenteous fruits shall likewise cherish  
It shall not be divided as before  
Nor to the plough be subject any more.  
Which also, the holy Prophets do seem to intimate, who foretell that the happy & peaceable estate of the Church, shall be after the destruction of this Gogus. But I think it not fit, to proceed any further in unfolding these mysteries, having promised to handle them sparingly; as also in regard, that these Prophecies, are not to be declared by humane conjecture, neither can be Geometricially demonstrated, as those matters which belong to the knowledge of Astronomy. And so leaving these my conjectures, to the consideration of the Reader: I will here leave of to entreat any further concerning this Star.  
FINIS.   

LONDON. Printed by B. A. and T. F. for Michael Spark, at the blue Bible in Greene-Arbor. 1632.   

Deus & Rex.  

This King of Swed, Gustavus is by Name,  
And both words do include an Anagram.  
For SWED is DEUS, gustavus, it doth make  
Augustus, showing that he doth partake  
Of God's great power, and of Augustus' Fame  
Which both this Star, and Titles do proclaim,  
Besides God-acre-field, which he did win  
Where God did give the Victory to the King.   
Deus & Rex.