A TREATISE, wherein is declared the sufficiency of English Medicines, for cure of all Diseases, cured with Medicines. Whereunto is added a collection of Medicines growing (for the most part) within our English Climate, approved and experimented against the jaundice, Dropsy, Stone, Falling-sickness, Pestilence.  
AT LONDON, Printed by H. L. for Tho. Man 1615.   

TO THE RIGHT Honourable, the Lord Zouch. T. B. wisheth prosperity in this world, and eternal life in the world to come.  
I Have been (right honourable and my very good Lord) since the time your Honour vouchsafed to take knowledge of me, & to show both by benefits and other ways, especial favour towards me, desirous that some testimony might remain of my duty, & thankfulness again to your Lordship: which although it be not able either to carry with it the whole affection of my mind, or in any sort match with your L. bounty, yet may it be, as it were, an assay & taste of the performance of that duty, whereto both I am bound, and my heart gladly yieldeth unto. This assay I present you in this my simple New years gift, being a defence of our native medicines, with disproof of those of foreign nations. The question I once disputed in open place: & being required of certain to show my mind more at large therein, I thought good to communicate it with more than one or two, adding thereto my reasons to be examined by men of wisdom & understanding, that if I err in this point, I might have the more reformers: if my sentence be approved, the benefit thereof might be reaped of many. Now, my request is unto your L. that this my simple gift be accepted with regard of my hearty good meaning, rather than of the thing itself, being too base in respect of your honours person & desert. You know well the price of scholars gifts, who as their treasures are of the mind, & not of gold, or silver, so therein lieth the recompense of all good turns; in which kind I confess in deed my gift might have been greater than it is: yet presuming of your Lordships taking in good part that which proceedeth from an entire affection, and considering whatsoever could be on my part, were too little in comparison of your merits, I am bold to salute your Honour with this poor present at this time, publishing the same under your honours name, that if any commodity redound to the Commonwealth thereby, the thanks might be your L. herein, who pricked me to take such kind of acknowledgement of your goodness towards me, as therewith some benefit might also arise unto others. The Lord of Heaven & Earth bless your Honour with many good New years, with increase of Honour and good days, even to see peace upon his Israel all your life long.  
Your Honours bound in the Lord, T. B.   

To the gentle Reader.  
I Would not have thee ignorant (gentle Reader) of the affection wherewith I set forth this small Treatise. It is not with any carping mind, I asassure thee, against any person or state, or with desire to publish a new toy, thereby to seem to be some body. But considering the benefits which might arise of the truth of this matter, which seemeth to me most true, I was willing easily to yield unto the requests of certain, who thought it good I should make it common with thee: which so much the more willingly I do, in that I hope this my enterprise shall be a means to provoke others to deal with the same Argument more plentifully, and kindle in us a greater diligence to inquire after the medicines of our own Country yield, & more care to put than in practice. The case is neither mine nor thine only, but the Commonwealths, the benefit whereof all are bound who are members thereof, according to their place & calling, most diligently to seek. And this I desire of thee: if thou art of another mind than I am in this matter, thou wouldst keep moderation of thy affections towards my person: & in the searching out of truth join with me: and as I give thee leave to think in this point what listeth thee, so disdain not him who easily giveth his ear to reason, and hath dedicated his days to serve thy commodity; which if he misseth of, his good will yet remaineth with thee, which he also requireth to be yielded on thy part to him again. Farewell.   

A brief Table of the principal matters or heads, contained in the Treatise of English Medicines.  

THE preservation of health consisteth in the true use of meat, drink, and exercise. pag. 2 The virtue of Celendine, herbegrace, vervin and grass. pag. 6  
Opium hath a stupefying and benumbing nature. pag. 18  
Comparison of Metheglin with Malmsy. 29  
The virtue and properties of Milk. 37  
The virtue of Trifolium, or three-leaved grass. pag. 39  
The virtue of all manner of Mast. 39  
The virtue of Pennyroyal. eadem.  
The virtue of Garlic, Onions, & Leeks, being newly gathered. eadem.  
The essence of Primrose and Cowslips, good against the French-pox. pag. 39  
earth-worms close and join wounds. 40  
Sows or loops, good against the jaundice, & the difficulty of making urine. pag. eadem.  
Corns of horslegs, good against the Epilepsia and falling-sickness. 41  
The virtue of frogs decocted. 41 The cure of Cankers. 46 The Gangrene and Sphacelus, cured by the same. pag. 46  
Plantain, whe●, with a hedgehog dried and drunk, cureth the Leprosy. 46  
mistletoe of the o●ke, the ●unnet of an Hare, the Peony root, Enula campana, the scalp of a man, and an Asse-hoofe, is good against the falling-sickness. 47  
Plantain, pennyroyal, and herbgrace, are good against the suffocation of the Mother. 47  
Worms, and the infection thereof, are cured with Coriander seed, Colewort seed, Garlic, wormwood, the juice of Purslan, and Stags-horn. pag. 47  
Peachleaves, hyssop, mints, purslan-seede, is also good against worms. 47  
Butter, warme-water, the decoction of flaxseed, Fenugreeke, or Mallows being taken inwards, are good against poison. 47  
Sothern●ood, seahulver, Nepseed▪ juice of Horchound, the seed of wild Rue, walnuts, turnops, herbgrace, etc. do expel poison. 47  
Read the 37 and 38 pages against poison.  
Barley, sowre-grapes, roses, violets, the oak, quinces, damsons, pellitory of the wall, docks, pears, apples, hartshorn, with the herb and flowers of Mallows, cureth hot diseases. 50  
For moist diseases, Cabbage, beets, camomile▪ fennel, beans, fenugre●ke, etc. pag. 51  
These simples purge either by vomit or stool. By vomit, Radishroots with the seed, the Pepon-root, and nettleseed, folefoot leaf and ro●t, the middle bark of the walnut-tree, and the long blossoms thereof, the seed of broom, and the flowers thereof purge vehemently. To purge by the stool, the flowers and leaves of the Peach-tree, Violets flowers and seeds, the great garden dock, or Munks rhubarb damaske-ro●es, wild saffron, the powder of Fetherfew, etc. read pag. 52. and 53.  
For wounds, plantain, hounds-tongue, wild yarrow, Cardus benedictus, Betony, Scabios, Elme-leaves, Adders-tongue, Moonewort, etc. pag. 57   
FINIS.   

A Treatise, wherein is declared the sufficiency of English Medicines, for cure of all diseases cured with Medicine.  
ALTHOUGH I be not ignorant that truth often purchaseth hatred, not of her own nature, (than which nothing is more amiable and gracious, but by reason of the great corruption of mankind, whereby, as men are plunged in blindness & error, so they dazzle with their eyes at the light of truth, & savour the things only which agreed with their corruption) although I say this hath been always the condition of truth in the world, and such evil grace findeth it with the most of men, especially when it first offereth itself to be acknowledged for that which it is indeed: yet for the love I bear it, being a Philosopher by profession, and for the public benefit, being borne under that condition of men, whereby one is bound to employ his gifts for the benefit of another: I have ventured upon the displeasure and disgrace of men, and have taken some pains to bring to light one daughter of Truth, of Time, seeming to have been forgotten, which if she be received and embraced of thee gentle Reader, as she deserveth, shall requited thee with no less pleasure and profit, than many of her elder sisters. For what can be more pleasant unto thee, than the enjoying of medicines for cure of thine infirmities out of thy native soil, and country, thy Field, thy Orchard, thy Garden? and what more profitable unto thee, then thereby to avoid the infinite charges rising upon the use of strange and foreign medicines, whereby not only thy substance is wasted, but thy health often times greatly impaired? This is then that truth which I commend unto thee. As England aboundeth plentifully with all things necessary for thy maintenance of life, and preservation of health; so needeth it not, partly through nature's instinct, partly by the industry of men, sufficiency of medicine to cure the sicknesses and infirmities, whereunto our nation is subject: which my opinion and judgement, considering the use and custom hath long been to place greatest value in strange medicines, and the practice of the most doth ratify the same, I know must needs seem strange unto thee, but read, consider, and then judge, and at the lest let me interchange my pains with thy attentive weighing of that which thou shalt read, prejudice set aside: and that a way may be made for the plainer handling of this matter, I briefly define a remedy, a medicine, a disease after this sort as followeth. First beginning with a remedy, which I call the work of the Physician, whereby health may be repaired. Physic is an art which taketh charge of the health of man, preserving and maintaining it present by the right use of meat, drink, and exercise, with other such helps of nature: and restoring the same decayed, by diet, medicine, help of hand, or surgery instrument severally used, or by joint force applied. Which three are Physic instruments, whereby the action of curing is performed, which action I call a remedy. And the second of these instruments namely a medicine, I define an adversary force of some natural thing, equally matching the proper or next cause of the disease. Of which medicines, Herbs, Trees, Stones, Minerals and metally, Barthes', Waters, and all Fruits, are matter only, and not the very medicines themselves: for as Physic itself is an art, and the action artificial, and not of nature, so are the instruments of the same action artificial, and not natural. And as nature affourdeth not to us of her own work, either garments, or houses, or any kind of instrument, but only the matter whereof such instruments may be made, leaving with us an industry rightly to frame them, and wisdom to use them: so, no more is Lettuce, Poppy, Rhewbarb, or Scammony a medicine, than an Oak a Table or Ship, or a quarry of stones, an house. Moreover, all medicines standing in a kind of relation to the disease which by means of the patient's age, sex, time of the year, custom, and such like occasions greatly vary, no nature which always keepeth constant in the own kind can therefore either be a medicine, or properly bear the name thereof: which I wish to be noted, lest it be thought the simples, and such other natural things were medicines, because commonly they carry the names of them. And thus much shall be sufficient to have said of the nature of a medicine.  
Now a disease (which remaineth last to be defined) is such state of the body, as thereby it is unabled to perform aptly the actions thereto belonging, or those actions which the soul doth accomplish, by the instrument of the body.  
Thus much briefly concerning the explication of the terms wherein this truth is propounded.  
Now the reasons, whereby both I am moved to be of this judgement, and am so hardy as to propound it to others to be received, whereof the first riseth from the Christian doctrine of God's providence, which as it serveth greatly to establish the chief● points of Philosophy, so being drawn and more particularly applied to the maintenance of man's life, carrieth with it as a sufficient provision for maintenance and preservation of health, a like furniture, and as answerable to the necessity of the patiented, health being decayed; I will not stand to inireate of providence being well known to Christians: and being a truth in Divinity, and Christianity, cannot be false in Philosophy. Although the best of the ancient Philosophers and Poets have always kept it as a sure ground, who as they serve little to establish us, having a surer foundation, yet may they justly condemn the Atheist of this age, who so far hath quenched those remnants of the light of the first creation, that all things seem to him Fortune and Chance.  
There is no nation under heaven so poor and destitute, but it hath of the own country soil sufficient to content nature with, of food and apparel, which as they be two pillars of life, so from them are taken the means of preservation of health, which as to beasts are applied by natural instinct, so are they used of man by reason, the temperer of appetite and affection.  
This provision of sustenance is most agreeable with the goodness of the Creator, who as he is author of being to the Creature, so faileth he not to maintain and preserve the same Creature the whole term of the being thereof: and because the necessity of the Creature is perpetual, his wisdom hath also foreseen, and provided a perpetual supply of such sustenance, as is fit for that nature which standeth in need thereof: and because the need is not once for all, but parted into times, varying, according to the divers disposition and nature of that for which this provision is made, he hath also so bestowed his goodness in this point, that at all times to all things, necessary sustenance should not be to seek; and this extended not to men only, but even to brute beasts, and all things which require nourishment. The end of this provision is the preservation of the Creature, which Nature most carefully studieth (if it might be perpetual and eternal) thereto to bring it, the goodness of the Creator, will nothing wanting, his wisdom will have it wait upon the necessity of the Creature: wherefore as the Earth is called the mother of all things, not because it bringeth them forth only, but yieldeth them perpetual nourishment, so is the country of all people to them named, the parent of all parents. Than by nature's law, all things being abundantly ministered unto us for the preservation of health at home in our own fields, pastures, rivers, etc. how can the wisdom of God, and his goodness stand with the absence of Medicines and remedies necessary for the recovery of health, the need being as urgent of the one as of the other: and so as great an occasion of practice of the same goodness and wisdom in the one as in the other? which being most plain and evident, it followeth necessarily that the medicine should be as read for the sick, as meat and drink for the hungry and thirsty: which except it be applied by the native country, can not be else performed. It is known to such as have skill in nature, what wonderful care she hath of the smallest of creatures, not only giving to every part of them a careful discharge of sundry duties, as of attraction, retention, concoction, expulsion of excrements, distribution, and such like, but also to the whole creature, a knowledge of medicine to help themselves, if haply diseases annoyed them: neither out of India, nor Arabia, but from their very haunt: which being not denied to them, much more is granted to us, in so much as (the work of nature being most excellent in man) she is more vigilant over mankind then over other creatures, as by the shape thereof most plainly appeareth. The Swallow cureth her dim eyes with Celendine: the weasel knoweth well the virtue of Hearbgrace: the Dove the vervain: the Dog dischargeth his maw with a kind of Grass: the Spider is treacle to the Monkey: the Hippopotamus dischargeth the abundance of his blood by opening a vein: and Ib●● is said to have showed the use of the Clyster: and too long it were to reckon up all the medicines which the beasts are known to use by nature's direction only, and those not so far fetched as our drugs, but familiar with them, and taken from the place of their food: it being very probable she hath bestowed this gift even upon all, one having interest in nature's care as well as another. By this than may we gather, if nature fail not the very beasts in this behalf, neither sendeth them to borrow a far of, much more is that performed unto us the Lords of all the creatures, and for whose use all things were created: except we be thought less subject to diseases than they, wherein we be so little privileged, that no creature in that respect is so frail as we, and those most subject to infirmities which are governed and dieted by us. So that we of all creatures have greatest need of Nature's liberal hand in this behalf. For be it for the most part, we are more healthful than sickly, and so have greater use of the means of keeping health, then of restoring, yet hardly can a man say which of them is more necessary to be ready and priest at hand, the danger of diseases being always imminent, although diseases themselves be not always present. Now if to any the reason seem weak from that which should be to infer a being thereof, we are to understand in the works of God, whatsoever should be, is; he being a workman of an absolute power and cunning. But saith one, the East and West Indies Arabia, Barbary, the read Sea, are the Ours, as it were, and the fountains of medicines; and Spain, Protugale, and Venice, the vents of such things, and Navigation the means to obtain them.  
It cannot be denied, but those countries yield many strange things, whereof we take use with great delight, and Navigation serveth greatly for communicating of commodities and interchange of merchandise: but how far, and of what commodities? Verily of such as if our delicacy would give us leave, we might well spare, being things rather of superfluous pleasure then necessary reliefs, and serving rather for a certain pomp, then for maintenance of life: and which without great working of the wits, might be proved to bring more harm to our countrymen, than commodity: both in respect of the diversity in complexion of our bodies from those of strange nations to whom they properly belong, the corruption of their outlandish wares, the selling of one thing for an o●er, & the withholding from us the best of choice: but of this hereafter. Moreover, Navigation being of a later invention than the necessity of medicine, neither practised of many nations at this day, cannot supply this want, or if men began then first to be diseased, when they began to found ways in the Sea to those far countries, doth it not greatly detract from that providence whereby all things are guided, to lay the recovery of man's health upon the adventures of Merchants? & the disease being in the one part of the World, to have the medicine in the other, yea, as far distant as the East is from the West, and the life and death of a man to stand upon a halfpenny weight of Scammony, or a dram or twain of Rhewbarb?  
Nay, which is yet more absurd, that the health of so many Christian nations should hung upon the courtesy of those Heathen and barbarous nations, to whom nothing is more odious than the very name of Christianity? And who of malice do withhold from us such medicines as they know most for our use? Whereupon the Turk denieth unto the Christians at this day the Terra Lemnia, a medicine to be preferred before the chief of those we persuade ourselves to enjoy. The corruption of their drugs, is it not so great, that in this light of all knowledge, scarce is one able to discern the right Bolus Armena, from the Ochre of Apulia, or to discover the adulterating of Ambergris, & Musk, with a number of other corruptions, which have gotten strength by custom of error? Thamarinds, are counterfeited with Prunes, Scammony with the milk of Spurge, Manna with Sugar and the leaves of Seine, Aspalathum with the inward part of the root of an Olue tree, Frankincense with Rosin, Bdellium and Sarcocalla with gums: for Bolus Armena is sold a read earth out of Apulia, for Malabatheum a leaf of a Limon or Orange, for Turpeth some other other root dipped at both ends in Goom. Which be as like in virtue to the simples whereof the bear they vizard & mask, as Chalk to Cheese, according to the proverb. And greatly thou art deceived to think our Navigations store us with ancient Medicines, wherewith Physic in old time hath been furnished. For at this day neither is Balm known unto us, neither Xylobalsamum, nor Cardamomum, nor Amomum, neither Costus, neither Calamus odoratus, Aspalathus, Agallocum, Narcaphthum, with the most of the noble ancient Medicines: so that Navigation hath not at any time supplied this want unto us, and how it should hereafter I know not, except Galen take pains again to sail into Cyprus, into Palestine, and Lemnos, to gather and make choice with his own hands. For what hope is there to be had of the provision made by Merchants? who buy to cell only, and thereof to reap gain; and by reason they be unlearned, if they should be faithful, yet must they fail greatly in this point, and then must we use such medicines as we can come by, and the patiented recover such health as he may.  
For the most part these drugs come out of Spain or Portugal, either fetched of us or brought of them, yet neither of them hath borne name of yield of the best simples, so that if they be of those countries, than they are not such as they should be: If Spain and Portugal fetch them else where, then lieth the assurance upon their credit. Or let me know how they discern the Coriander of Ethiopia, the black Helleborus of Cyrene, the Amomum of Scythia, the Myrrah Trogloditica, the Opium of Apulia, (which are counted the best) from the same growing in other places, which never carried name of commendation for such simples.  
The Coloquintida growing alone upon the plant, is much suspected of good Physicians, the Squilla that hath no fellows, is thought to savour of a venomous nature, likewise the Thymelea: now, when these are gathered to the Merchant's hand, who shall tell him how they grew, or who shall inquire but the Philosopher that knoweth what may come thereby to these simples, neither is the danger less in the manner of laying them up, and keeping them overlong: besides the just time of gathering being either overpassed, or prevented, greatly diminisheth the virtues of the Medicines. As the use of Euphorbium is perilous before it be a year old, and after three years it is naught worth, so Agaricke gathered before it be ripe, or kept past two years, becometh unwholesome. And as the peony root is to be gathered in the wane of the Moon, and the Crayfish to be taken after the rising of the Dog star, the Sun entering into Leo, so are there many other, which if they miss their due time of gathering, fail greatly in their virtues. To these corruptions moreover may be added the washing of the sea, the long journeys they are brought, whereby it should seem nature had denied unto us the use of them, as to whom they were not of her yielded; with such difficulty, and as it were, by constraint, they come to us. Than if the best of ancient simples be partly unknown and wanting, partly adulterated, partly by age and other means spent before they come to our use, what shall we say to our compounds and mixtures, which rise of these simples? Can the temper mend them? or a quid pro quo, as they call them, serve the turn? Not verily, not our turns, to whom the substitute Medicines, as I may call them, were not appointed, being in great part as hard to come by, as the Medicines whose substitutes they are, and as much unknown unto us. As for Agallocum Calamus odoratus, for Amomum Acorus, for Castorium, Bilphium, for Crocamagmo, Agallocus, with a number of the same sort, which these few leaves of paper will not admit. Neither is it to be thought these Lieutenant Medicines serve at all turns in the place of the right Medicines, for so should Ginger serve the turn of Folesoote to purge by vomit, which it can no more than curds of Cow milk can soften and suppling like butter, or the dung of the stock Dove purge like Euphorbium, or the Dock root draw phlegm from the head like Pellitory, which Galene notwithstanding maketh substitutes of these medicines which have such operation. I conclude therefore, seeing Navigation can not afford us either the simples which we seem to need, and those which it doth, both corrupt and counterfeit in the greatest part, we have neither to crave thereof in this point aid, much less to trust thereunto. Now the simples being (but for the most part) bastard ware, how can the compoundes that amount of the same be other then counterfeit? Whereupon as Cardanus saith in his Method of curing, the wise Magistrates of Venice have often times forbidden the making of treacle and Mithridatum, because the simples could not be had, whereby they should be compounded: which if Venice, the greatest Mart in this part of the world of such wares can not avouch, what can we hope for from other places? that a man would marvel to see the great store of them in all shops of Apothecaries under the names of treacle and Mithridatum of Andromachus: and it being required in treacle before it be used, it should have a time, as it were, of mellowing, which of Galene in his book of treacle to Piso is extended to 12. years, and of Paulus Egineta in his 7. book by 7. years, for those that are bitten or stung of venomous beasts, or have drunk poison, or are infected with the pestilence, and in other diseases, from ten years till it be 20. of age; I marvel what assurance we have of the age of this treacle, which is ordinary in use; or if we have none, how we dare use it at adventure, knowing by age the virtue thereof hath no small alteration. I would these inconveniences were the smallest, which I have but briefly, and as it were, for a taste run over, yet were even they sufficient to stay our over hasty use of such strange Merchandise, and to move us to betake us to those we know both in the blade, and in the seed, in the root, & in the fruit, & know the air, the hill, the valley, the meadow or Marish ground where they grow. But this trust upon outlandish Medicines hath much more nearly touched us then so. If a man would say by this overhasty embracing whatsoever strange nations do as it were, purge over unto us, we drink divers times rank poison in steed of wholesome medicine, I trow it would justly move us to be advised, and not to pass over the inquiry of a reason, why such a one should think so, being one whose vocation tendeth to the charge of the health of men's bodies. The right Hermodactils are commended for excellent medicines against all pains in the joints, as the Gout, the Schiatica, and such like, from which they purge gross phlegm. Doronicum Romanum hath great commendation for comforting the heart, expelling poison, against the Cough, for avoiding of humours which overcharge the Chest, which are great virtues doubtless in them both. Now if they in the shops, as they bear the name of these medicines, so carried not with them in steed of these virtues dangerous poison, than should I have less cause to exhort our nation to betake them to their Gardens, and Fields, and to leave the banks of Nilus, and the Fens of India. The common Hermodactils being a kind of poison called Ephemerum, so named, because with such swiftness it chargeth and overchargeth our vital spirits, that it killeth him that hath taken it in one day. The other commonly called Doronicum Romanum, and used for an especial cordial, so that it hath place in the electuary of precious stones, in the electuary of Amber, in the cordial powder, this Doronicum, I say, called of Mathiolus Demoniacum, that is to say, devilish, noting there by the virtues thereof, is no base poison than a very kind of Aconitum, by Mathiolus experience, which he confesseth himself (before having been abused by the common error) first to have learned of jacobus Antonius Cortusus, a man very skilful in the nature of simples, which jacobus taught him the experience by giving it to dogs, which it killeth. Now if by reason no such danger happeneth to us, by the use of them, they seeming not so dangerous: we are to understand they be given in small quantity, and mixed with divers remedies against poison, the good providence of God providing so, that otherwise they should not be ministered, as in the purging electuary of Diacnicu, Hermodactils are bridled with Cinnamon, and the powder of Diatragatanthum frigidum, where indeed it hath somewhat too large scope, being better tempered in Benedicta, with Cloves, Parsely seed, Galanga, and Mace, and in the pills of Hermodactils with Aloe, Mirobalans, Bdellium, the seed of Herbgrace, which have force against poison, the which small quantity of them being bridled, & dulled with other medicines, especially such as resist the force of poisons, is not deadly to us, although great hurt thereof must needs ensue. I have stood the longer upon this point of strange medicines, in answering the supply by Navigation, the rather, because it seems most to make against us in the maintenance of our home medicines, & breedeth, as it were, a loathsomeness of those blessings of God, which we may daily at commandment enjoy. But hitherto hath only been showed the corruptions & counterfeiting of foreign medicines which belongeth to certain only, & not to all▪ (although those certain be the chief, & of greatest price) & that being foreseen, the provision out of strange & far distant nations, may seem well to stand with that providence we speak of: and except they be in respect of their strangeness hurtful or unprofitable unto us. the skill of sailing being a means to present them at our need, nature's care should seem no whit to be blemished. The reasons which I have before alleged, I leave to the indifferent Reader to consider of: & because I am so far urged, I easily stick not to hold, we receive no small hurt from all the kinds of strange medicines, whereof I yield these few reasons which follow.  
Our English bodies, through the nature of the region, our kind of diet & nourishment, our custom of life, are greatly divers from those strange nations, whereby ariseth great variety of humours, and excrements in our bodies from theirs, and so the causes of diseases rising upon breach of diet, the (diet being of an other sort) must needs be unlike. Whereupon, although their humours be in kind, and in a generality agreeable to ours, as blood, choler, phlegm, melancholy, and such like, yet rising upon other matter then the same in us: and otherwise framed by a far other state of body, by reason of a divers kind of life, the Medicines which help them must needs hurt us, not finding the like causes to strive with: and this no doubt is the cause why we are not able to bear such dose or quantity of their Medicines as those nations are to whom they be native. Besides, they work in our bodies after a far more unkind manner than they report them to do in theirs: nay, they destroy us, and help them, which is an argument to me, that every Medicine hath a relation to the diseases of the inhabitant, which if it be profitable to strangers, yet doth it by a constraint and not half so kindly. The Greeks', as it may appear by Dioscorides in his fourth Book & a hundredth & two & fifty Chapter, entreating of Scammony, are able to bear a greater quantity, yea, double, than we of Scammony, which is an ordinary purger with us. Who saith, thirty grains thereof may be given with 20. of black Helleborus, and 60. of Aloe to make a just purgation, & of Scammony alone 60. grains. Now common experience teacheth us the great odds betwixt Scammony raw, as they call it, and the same corrected, which we name Dacrydium, both in vehemency of purging, and tormenting the body: yet hardly dare we pass above 20. grains of the same, and this mixed with Cordials, and stomach Medicines. Moreover, their slender correcting of it, doth argue it to be far less noisome to them then to us, who correct it only, or at the lest, are contented with the correction thereof by a little Salt and Pepper, or a little Ginger: who for the plenty of excellent simples, which we both want and know not, and for their skill in the nature of those we correct with, might as well have qualified it as we, who first wash it in Rose-water, wherein Cytrea Myrobalanus, Spike, and Cinnamon have been boiled: in which also we let it steep four & twenty hours, then dry it, then mix it again with oil of sweet Almonds, and some Goom for Tragacantha, and last of all bake it in a Quince▪ covered round with paste. Who hath not horror of the torments which both the Hellebores bring to the body? yet saith Paulus Egineta in his seventh Book, and fourth Chapter, the black Helleborus purgeth yellow choler from the whole body without pain: which cannot be verified of our bodies, howsoever it be in theirs, and therefore we fear to minister the powder thereof in any sort, but the steeping only of the barks of the roots, from ●0. grains to 6. they being bold to take a whole dram thereof in substance which is more than triple the quantity, for one dose. These strange workings of these foreign drugs in our bodies, and a more gentle and kind working in theirs, doth it not manifestly declare unto us, that they were not created for us? do they not force us oftentimes with peril of our lives to give them over? that the patiented knoweth not divers times whether he should stand rather to the courtesy of his disease, then of his potion? There is a simple which hath not many years been in use, brought out of India, and highly commended, called Mechoaca, it purgeth gently say they, without vexing or grieving the body, without annoying the stomach greatly, and ceaseth purging at your pleasure, with a little supping. These be great virtues doubtless, and I wish we could find them in Mechoaca. For experience the touchstone hath bewrayed it in our bodies, to be of a far other operation: it tormenteth the body, it annoyeth the stomach much, neither doth a supping stay the vehemency of purging, and this have I partly by mine own experience found in Mechoaca, & partly by the experience of my friends, who upon the use thereof have much complained of these accidents. That juice or rather milk of Poppy, which is brought out of Asia named Opium, it is not unknown to all the world, what a marvelous force it hath in benumning the sense of feeling, and utterly extinguishing the natural heat of the body, so that we fear to give thereof into the body above the weight of two grains; and those corrected with Safforn, Castorium, and such like, lest it cast the patiented into such asleep, as he needeth the trump of the Archangel to awake him. Now, the same Opium being taken of the Turks, Moors, and Persians', bringeth to their wearied and ou●r●ravelled bodies, a marvelous recreation, in such sort, as they ordinarily use it therefore as a present remedy, not in the quantity of two grains or twenty, but even an whole ounce or twain at once. And Hollerius in his Scholia upon his Chapter of Frenzy, saith, that Kon●elet a learned physician, and the French Kings professor at Montpellier, reported unto him, that he had seen a Spaniard take thereof into his body half an ounce at one time, without hurt.  
Wherhfore if the difference of our bodies from those of strange nations be so great, that the thing which helpeth them, destroyeth us, that cureth them without annoyance, doth vehemently torment us: I would wish us to be better advised, then to be so ready to embrace them, a● to contemn in comparison of them, the medicines which receive, a● it were a taming, and are broken unto us by our own soil: neither art thou here to look the wisdom of the physician should consider the variety and divers dispositions of the bodies by age; complexion, region, sex, etc. and thereafter to ●emper these medicines, and so to avoid the dangers; for the question is not of the manner of using these things, for than should such consideration have place, but even of the very nature, which no manner of use can altar. Yet are these simples excellent creatures of God, made for the use of men, but not for all men: and although we may receive help from them, by a certain general community that our bodies have with those of Arabia. Barbary, and the rest, yet no doubt as I have showed in a few, so we receive by the use of them so much the less good by them, as we most d●ffer from them, and that which wanteth of the performance of good to us, must needs turn us to much harm, the unhelping part, (as I may call it) always working, & so ever harming. Neither do I see why the medicines of India▪ or Egypt should be laid upon us, more than the Indian or Egyptian diet, which is to eat Lizards, Dragons, and Crocodiles: for if the proper medicine doth always regard his proper adversary, which causeth the disease (as no doubt it should do) then there being a great difference betwixt our humours and theirs, a● much in a manner as is betwixt the flesh of a Crocodile and of a tender Capon, our medicines which are to fit us, must needs be of another kind than theirs, which in our bodies not finding such humours & excrements, as that strange diet doth engender, must need seize upon the very substance of our bodies to have somewhat to work on: which painful working especially of the purgers, causeth the common saying among the people, to the great discredit of our art: There is not a purgation but it hath a smack of poison. Truth it is, no purgation can work without nature's annoyance, being in part a prick of nature to avoid her excrements: but when she is so provoked that she sweateth cold sweats, that she giveth over, that the patiented swouneth not by the excess of purging only, but for the most part through the evil quality of the medicine, it is surely an argument, it wanted his proper subject to work in. If needs we will take unto us the practice of such strange medicines, (I call them medicines according to the common phrase, else properly be they matter only) it were to be desired (which in part is performed) that such medicines as be so perilous, might be planted in our natural country, that through the familiarity of our soil, they might first grow into acquaintance with us, before we entertain them not into our bosoms, but into our hearts, and chamber them with our vital spirits. And as it is said of the tree P●rsea, which in Persia being poison, translated into Egypt, becometh wholesome, bearing fruit to be eaten, and good for the stomach: to those natures receiving such mitigation of our soil, might in time better ●itte us than they do. Which as it can not altar their nature being impossible to be done by change of place, so doubtless might it purge away that evil quality which annoyeth us, and seemeth rather to be an evil complexion, and as it were a cachochimie and disease of the thing, than any necessary property belonging to the nature. This which hath been said of Persia, is also to be seen in other simples, which in other places are poison, and kill with the very shadow, yet brought into England and planted with us, clean change that venomous quality. Ugh called Taxus, of Dioscorides is said to be so dangerous, and of such venomous nature, that in Navarre the very shadow thereof poisoneth him that sleepeth under it: and Egineta saith, being taken inward, it strangleth and swiftly killeth. This Taxus notwithstanding, being so perilous in other places, our English soil hath so reform, that boldly our children do eat of the fruit thereof without danger: the like may be verified of our Hemlock, which although it be to be numbered among the poisoning herbs, yet it is far behind that which groweth in Candie, or Megara▪ or Cilicia, scarce to be accounted poison in comparison of that in those countries. Now if thou shalt think (gentle Reader) as the change of region altereth some qualities, so all, and thereby empayreth the virtue of the medicine: thou mayst easily be deceived. For as they depend not one upon another, so may the one be well without the other, though by one common form, they seem to be linked together to make one nature. Rhewbarb is known to have two qualities, one contrary to an other, of purging the body, and stopping: yet by steeping may the one be separated from the other, the purging virtue being drawn out by steeping, and the stopping still remaining in the substance steeped: so likewise may the noisome quality of the medicine be eschewed, the wholesome and medicinable virtue notwithstanding, being in full force, yea greater retained, in so much as the hurtful quality would hinder the operation of the healthful, which being freed, and unyoked from the other, doth far better accomplish his work. Of all kinds of Honey that of Greece, and namely of Attica and H●ble are most commended, the next price is given to the Honey of Spain and Navarre: yet it is certainly known by experience, that the English Honey is most agreeable to our English bodies, and greater quantity thereof may be taken, with less annoyance, yea none at all to those which are not of too hot a temper; the other kinds being more sie●e, more apt to engender choler, and to inflame the blood, and more unfit to lose the body. Whereby we may evidently see, that Nature useth not one shoe for every foot, but either ministereth a divers commodity in kind, or else by the country, air, and soil, doth so temper it, that greater use may be thereof to the inhabitant of the same country. By this than which hitherto hath been said, it is manifest we receive great hurt by the use of strange medicines, and not upon reason only, but from plain experience, even with hurt to our own bodies, which as it is the greatest price of knowledge, so therefore aught we the more to set thereby, and more carefully to seek to avoid the danger. Again it is evident, that the planting of strange simples frameth them more to our use. Wherhfore as there be many excellent Gardens in England, especially in London replenished with store of strange and outlandish simples, it were to be wished such endeavours were of others followed, that so we might acquaint us better with these strangers, and by usu capio make them our own. But what soil will brook all things' It is true, yet no doubt of those that it will brook, which I dare say are four or five hundredth, this frugality of nature towards us as it is thought, might bear a greater show, and we more safely use them, especially the purgers, which carry with them greatest annoyance. Now if it be objected, the force of outlandish simples are thereby more feeble, as we find the Organ of Candie surpassing ours in strength, I mean the same kind with that of Candie planted in our Gardens, which may be said also of other strange herbs planted by us: It can not be denied but they are so, neither can the strange simple in all points be equal with his kind keeping his native soil, yet is the difference scarce half a degree under: or if it were a degree full out, what reason were it to fetch that one degree with much peril, and charge, as far as Candie, Spain, or Venice, or from another world: whereas a little increase of the quantity of the thing, would easily supply the want, though I mention not the gain of the freshness of the same, which maketh no small recompense of wanting in the force: neither is the nature or virtue of a medicine to be esteemed by taste or smell, neither by the force it hath against the disease, the nature of a medicine lying in an equal matching of the cause of the disease: which if it overmatch, so far of it is from the praise of an wholesome medicine, that it becometh a cause of a contrary disease. Wherhfore the commendation of a medicine lieth not in force, but in such force. And therefore the counsel of the best Physicians is, if the disease will bear any delay, as the most do, rather to apply a medicine of a weaker force, then at once with a vehement one, to shake the frame of nature. And the weaker medicine being weak, either in respect of the nature of the simple, or the small quantity, they counsel rather to use that kind of curing which is by the feebler medicine in kind, then by reason of the under quantity. For what skilful Physician would cure a small distemper of heat, and as it were in the first degree, with a small quantity of Opium, or Mandrake or Henbane, being cold in the fourth degree, rather than with the just quantity of Endive, or Succory? or diminish a small excess of humours, with an underquantitie, of Coloquintida or Scammony, rather than with the just quantity of a feebler medicine? Wherhfore upon good reason they conclude it to be far safer for the patiented, to cure with contraries of feebler force, either often repeated, or in a greater quantity applied, then with a main force of a medicine of equal strength at once to expel the disease, nature abhorring all vehement and sudden either emptying or filling, heating or cooling, or any other kind of sudden alteration: which being grounded upon good reason, the delaying of the force of strange medicines by our soil, serveth greatly for the commendation both of planting them with us, and of the medicines themselves planted; The simple still keeping within the compass of matter of a medicine, neither being so diminished, but that by increase of the quantity it may match with the disease, which no man with reason can deny. Now, if the greatness of the quantity happily procure loathsomeness to the patiented; by extraction, that inconvenience may easily be avoided: by which me●neses a pound may be borough to an ounce, an ounce to a dram, and a dram to a few grains, to please the patiented with. Such of strange medicines as will not brook our climate, thereby declare the evil disposition they have to cure the infirmity of our bodies. Every Medicine is as it were a mean betwixt nourishmentes and poisons, excepting those medicines which are applied outwardly, which may both be of nourishments and poisons. In this mean betwixt these extremes, there is such a scope and breadth, that some medicines incline to the one, and some to the other. Now, the best are such as rather incline to nourishments than poisons, which as they do fight against the disease, so have they a certain token and pledge of agreement betwixt our bodies and theirs: whereby they acknowledge us for friends, and not common enemies with the disease; the other medicines which have no such token and earnest, being apt, as well to destroy us, as to take away the disease, and so join fellowship with rank poisons.  
Than our native soil being by the ordinance of God the fittest to yield us nourishment, from which our cattle and fruits have a nutritive or nourishing juice, which tender the same again to us, what can we think of those medicines to whom our soil hath not a drop of juice to yield unto, and giveth no entertainment? Verily we are both to learn thereby, that nature doth furnish us otherways, and also greatly to suspect them to be of an extreme kind of medicines, the spices only excepted, and such as are said to be sympathetic to certain parts of our bodies. Which notwithstanding▪ less serve that use, the more str●nge and foreign they be. What should I speak of the unmeasurable charge and cost these strange medicines put us unto? in my opinion, if it were but that, we might be stirred up to this or such like consideration: Hath God so dispensed his blessings, that a medicine to cure the iawndies, or the green sickness, the rheum, or such like, should cost more oftentimes then one quarter of the substance that the patiented is worth? and the provision of an whole year, whereof wife and children, and the whole family, should with things necessary be maintained in health, be wasted upon the curing of a Palsy, or a Cholike, or a swimming of the brain, or any other disease whatsoever? is Physic only made for rich men? and not as well for the poorer sort? doth it only wait upon Prince's palaces, and never stoop to the cottage of the poor? doth it only receive gifts of the king, and never thanks & prayers from him that hath but thanks and p●a●●rss to bestow? or doth the Lord● goodness pass over them of low degree? hath he respect of persons? yea, hath God given the beast a remedy out of his own food and pasture (as it is most certainly known) with a skill to use it, and hath he set a journey as far as from the Sun rising to the going down, as it were a wall of Brass, and the fiery sword of a Cherubin to keep us from the attaining of salves for our sores? justly may we thus complain, especially those of the poorer sort. And if Physic (as it is in deed) be an art common to all kind of men, all sorts of nations, all estates, and conditions of men: I would know why the means also of performing the actions belonging to the same art should not be as common? And if it be ordinary to all nations to fetch their medicines far, let me know why, as we cease not to travel for to store us with outlandish drugs, we carry not thither also our country medicines for change, or they of those nations give not the like adventure for ours? but they are contented with their own store, and so aught we with ours. If it be not ordinary, why should it be more extraordinary to one then to an other. The most of our Apothecary w●re is brought from the most vile and barbarous nations of the world, and almost all from the professed enemies of the Son of God: shall we say the Lord hath more care, or setteth more store by them then by his own people? that he so furnisheth them, and leaveth us destitute? or shall we rather condemn the vanity of our own minds, who unsatiably desire strange things, little regarding, or rather loathing that which is always at commandment. But God (saith one) hath not bestowed all things upon all nations, but hath left some thing to be supplied by the commodities wherewith one nation aboundeth, and an other wanteth, that thereupon mutual dutie● arising, the society of men might be upholden. Which objection, if it carried with it what things they were, and of what kind, that one nation supplieth to an other, and what sort of commodities they be that one nation needeth the help of another in, a more direct answer might be made then otherwise I may hit upon: But I guess it is neither of water nor fire, nor of air, nor of any thing necessary for maintenance of life, otherwise should the native country of each one be rather a stepdame to us then a natural mother: but it is of those things only which with healthful, and lusty bodies we might be without, if custom had not too much prevailed with us. And to go no further then to the use of Wine in England, in many respects it greatly hurteth us, yet our ordinary use thereof hath given us such a longing thereafter, that we think if we should want it, many of our days were thereby abridged. Whereby notwithstanding rheums are mightily increased, the sinews feebled, the natural moisture and heat of the body overhastily wasted, and swift old age brought upon us, with an infinite number of discommodities beside. Which the nations finding where we have it, do so delay it, that rather they seem to drink wined water, than watered wine, except the Aged or such as are feeble stomached, And divers nations which may have of the best, because they would be sure to banish the use of it, count it sacrilege, to taste it: as the Turks at this day, who use in steed thereof a distilled water of Rice steeped in Milk, thereby supplying the use of wine. Neither do we find this discommodity of wine by the abuse of drunkenness or surfeiting only▪ but even keeping within the three cups that Eu●ulus' poureth out to wise men; whereof the first is of health, and nourishment: the second of mirth, and joy of heart: and the third of sleep, so that a draft or twain doth marvelously distemper our bodies: which inconvenience we find not by our ordinary drink, yea, though it be stronger than wine. If I should compare our Mede with the best wine, and the Metheglin of the Welshmen, with Malmsey, I could take great arguments from the nature of Honey to prove it; especially being tempered with certain wholesome herbs, which have virtue to strengthen the parts of the body. And by experience it is known, that Honey mixed with water, turneth in time to a wholesome liquor, in taste much like to wine. Whereupon Pena in his Chapter of Honey, folio ●2. doubteth not to affirm, that the Mede of the P●lonians and Muscovites, and the Metheglin of the Welshmen, are more wholesome and pleasant, than many of the best kinds of wines, he himself being a French man, and therefore in his judgement less partial. Wherhfore to conclude this argument, seeing wine (which is the glory of strange merchandise) is but an hurtful superfluity, the rest must needs he far other then necessaries. But medicines being such as without which our health and l●fe runneth into infinite perils, by causes inward and outward, through breach of diet, unwholesomenesse of meat, wounds, bites of venomous beasts, infections of the air, and such like, it followeth necessarily, that they be not such as God would have one nation gratify another with: which if they were, greater reason were it to charge the neighbour nations therewith, that thereby their minds might with performance of such mutual duties so necessary, be in straighter amity and peace linked, who cea●e not for the enlarging of limits to vex one another, rather than the nations so fair distant, who have neither fellowship of love, nor quarrel of hatred equal with the borderers. Neither would I be so taken, as though I knew not at some times that one nation hath need of an other, even in things necessary, as the supply made by joseph to his father jacob, and other nations out of the store of Egypt: but the controversy is of an ordinary course, which the Lord useth in bestowing his blessings, wherewith he doth fully satisfy the need of all nations with things necessary, saving when he punisheth with famine or want of victuals, which is extraordinary in respect of his accustomed course of preserving his creatures. Now if the strange medicines (for the most part hot) should seem rather in the whole kind, then by reason of abundance, superfluous to them, and so more fit for us, being of a colder temper: we are to consider the use of them is manifold to the inhabitants, and not only to warm them: as the Aethiopians called Troglodytes, although they be parched with vehement heat of the Sun, are said to live with Pepper, not to correct the distemper of their bodies, which would rather increase it then diminish, but to correct their evil waters, and waterish fruits, wherewith they in part do live. Again, we are to understand, that the disease which is most agreeable with age, s●xe, region, custom, complexion, is always most dangerous, as engendered by an exceeding vehemency of the cause, whereto nature hath yielded, and so requireth a like vehement medicine: wherefore if the Arabian, the Indian, the Spaniard, fall into cold diseases▪ or such as follow cold: no marvel though nature hath ministered unto them plenty of strong wines and spices, which the Northern nations need not. Who as they be more apt to fall into such diseases than they, their temper thereto agreeing, the air and region furthering the same, so are they not thereof so dangerously sick as they of the South countries, and therefore require not so forcible a medicine. But I mind not to stand to show the use which foreign nations have of their commodities, let them see to it. Hitherto hath been showed, both that they be hurtful unto us, and that it is not absurd for hot region, to abound with hot simples, the use of them being divers, both in respect of curing their bodies, and other uses without the compass of Physic. These be the reasons which move me to suspect the use of strange drugs, and drive me to think, that Nature hath better provided for us: and as the Indian, Arabian, Spaniard, have their Indish, Arabian, and Spanish medicines, so also the German hath his, the French man his, and the English man his own proper, belonging to each of them. I know gentle reader nothing doth more hinder the accepting of truth divers times. (especially with such as see w●th other men's eyes) than the person of him who first propoundeth the matter, being taken rather to be an opinion of one, than an undoubted truth to be cherished of all, as who have interest therein. Wherhfore that such might be satisfied, I will add to my former reasons taken from the nature of the thing, the authority of more doctors than one, who agreeing with this which I hold, may be a means to draw the gentle reader the more seriously to consider of this matter, and truth may take some strength thereby, and win the more credit▪ Pliny in his four and twenty Book of his history, and first Chapter, hath this sentence, thus much in English: Nature would that such only should be medicines, that is to say, which easily might be come by of the common people: easy to be found out, without charge, taken from the things whereby we live: but in process of time, the craft of men, and slighter of their wits, found out these shops of strange drugs, in which a sale of men's lives is offered, whereupon confections, and infinite mixtures began to be extolled, India and Arabia a man would think he were in them, and for a little gall or small ulcer, a medicine must be fetched from the red Sea: whereas every day the poorest do sup with true medicines. And in his two and twenty Book and four & twenty Chapter, We do not meddle (saith he) with the medicines taken from the merchandise of India or Arabia, or of the new world, they are not fit for medicines and remedies, they grow too far off, they are not for us, not, not for the nations where they grow, else would they not cell them away. If we shall needs use them (saith he) let them be bought for sweet perfumes, and sweet oils, and dainties, or to serve superstition, because when we pray we burn Frankincense and Costus. And thus much out of Pliny, whose judgement as it is ancient of a 1000 years, so is it of him, who most diligently sought out the mysteries of nature, and published them for the use of posterity. Now if haply it be objected, that Pliny might well verify that of Italy which England can not perform, we must understand, that Pliny reasoneth from nature, which serveth for all nations of the world as well as for Italy, and directeth his pen not only against the medicine● strange to Italy, but even against all that are far fetched and dearly bought, as appeareth plainly by his words. To this sentence of Pliny, I wil● add the judgement of two Physicians of late time, lest Pliny being no physician, should be thought an unsufficient testimony. Fuchsiu● in his first Book of compounding of medicines and 76. Chapter, thus agreeth with Pliny. If we were not so carried away with the admiration of strange things, and were not fools (saith he) who had rather use medicines fetched from strange and far countries, contemning our native Medicines) than such as grow in our gardens: we might make Honey serve in steed of Manna. But with the exceeding cost and charge which those medicines put us unto, we are worthily punished for our folly. Lo, here two witnesses, the one a great Philosopher, and the other both a Philosopher and a Physician, comparable with the best of late days.  
The third witness with Pliny and Fuchsius, is Martin Rulandus, to whom the students of Physic own much for his Medicina practica, and other works. This Rulandus in his preface to Medicina practica, hath these words: thus in English: We have simple medicines (easily had, homely, of our own country of Germany, to be bought with little money or none at all): ready (saith he) and entreated of in writing, by which only all kinds of diseases are certainly and undoubtedly cured, oftentimes better and much more easily (believe reason and experience saith he) (and that with no hurt or danger) then with the long compoundes of the Aposthecaries, which are costly, evil gathered without knowledge of the Physician, oftentimes unperfectly mixed, and unskilfully confused, and as unskilfully boiled, oftentimes putrefied, and by age of force wasted, slovenly and with great negligence confected. In which words Rulandus briefly hath comprehended in a manner all the discommodities of strange medicines.  
These testimonies I rather have alleged, gentle reader, that thou mayest know this my opinion is not mine only, and new sprung up from the leisure of a student, who might easily be overtaken with a speculation which never could be shown in use and practise, but hath with it the voice of authority, and suffrages of excellent Philosophers and Physicians, although they have not of purpose and an a set treatise handled this argument, as thou seest: which notwithstanding containeth indeed the matter of a great volume. Hitherto hath been showed the great inconveniences and dangers which rise of the use of strange medicines, by reason, by experience, by authority of Philosophers and Physicians. If my reasons be evil gathered, the experience false, the authority not authentical, what have I lost thereby▪ a few hours meditation, and a few lines writing, or my credit impaired will some say. If my credit could either buy such virtues to strange medicines as they carry the name, or purge the shops of counterfeit stuff, or redeem the harms they have done, I would verily esteem as much of the change, as he which made exchange of brass for gold. Although I ween it be a propriety to man's weakness unavoidable of any, to err, and therefore if obstinacy be not therewith coupled always found pardon. But if my arguments rise from the causes and effects of these foreigners, and causes and effects of our bodies, which are of all arguments the most forcible to establish or overthrow any thing to be decided by reason, and the authorities such, as justly exception cannot be taken against: blame me not (gentle reader) though I be carried into this persuasion myself, and of a love and zeal to benefit thee, have published that which I have conceived of this Argument. If I be deceived in my judgement of strange drugs, (which I wish with all my heart I were) these reasons, the woeful experience, the authority of such men have induced me. All which if they may be answered, that which seemed more th●n doubtful before, shall by this controversy shine most clear, and truth as it were wrought with the fire of reason, receive greater strength ●nd perfection. Thus much touching the unableness of strange merchandise to perform unto us sufficiency, yea, any measure of medicines, as belonging unto us properly, and the discommodities of them. Now if strange medicines serve not our turns, and all medicines be either strange or home borne, it must needs follow, that the home medicines are most natural and kind to us, except a man would say all medicines bring harm unto us, which is not of the nature of a medicine, being an instrument of performing remedies unto us: or if it were so, yet have we this by experience, that strange medicines do more annoyed us then strangers, yea, destroy us, and restore them: wherefore home medicines and of our country yield, of equity must necessarily perform the same to us, which their medicines do to them. Else I would know why we should be inferior unto them, or one nation more privileged that way then an other, the need being common, and the providence of God all one, yea such as rather than remedy should need the chariot of the Sun to fetch it from one end of the world to the other, or be so far to seek as our common drugs are, he hath linked the remedy in many things so straightly to the cause of our hurt, that even the self same which harmed us, carrieth with it amendss. As the Scorpion rubbed upon his stinging, cureth the same. Likewise the Ranie divided & applied hot to the wound, cureth her venomous biting, and so the Pastinaca marina as it bringeth most d●ngerous hurt, it refuseth not (being thereto applied) to minister remedy. Which practice of nature might veri●ie move us to think her meaning is not to sand us either into Arabia or India for aid of our griefs, but thereby to commend her care unto us, and give occasion of praising God's providence, and stirring us up to make diligenter search into our own provision, and to take better trial than we were wont of the same. Wherein the great liberality of God appeareth in such large measure, that rather superfluity then spating may be noted herein; in that both one simple nature carrieth with it the virtue of many medicines; and many simples, remedies against such diseases as we might be thought like never to be subject unto: and such things as in respect of their nature might seemevile unto us, afford us (being skilfully applied) most sovereign medicine: whereof for a taste I give two or three examples: Milk is either to be considered in all the parts together, or them severed. All kind of Milk boiled, especially burned with stones token from the sea shore, helpeth all inward ulcers, chiefly of the jaws, the lungs, the gu●teses, the bladder, and the kidneys, it is good against the itch and weals, and it helpeth bloody flixes. New Milk is good against frettings made with poisons received inward: as of Cantharideses and such like: it is profitably gargled against swellings and frettings in the raws. The whey of Milk is good to pulge the body, especially of such as be melancholic, and disposed to the falling sickness, leprosy and breaking out with scabs. The cheesie part of it, as curds, fresh without salt, softeneth the belly which pressed and broiled stayeth the lax. Cheese laid on, helpeth the inflammation of the eyes. The butter of Milk drunk, softeneth the belly, and serveth against poison for want of oil; rubbed upon their gooms with honey, helpeth the toothing of children, and cureth the itching of their gooms and soars of their mouths, It helpeth such as are bitten of the serpent called Aspis. The soot of butter is very effectual against watering eyes, and swiftly skinneth sores.  
Thus thou least reader what treasure is hid in Milk (even an excrement) being used both whole and in parts. That which I have said of Milk, belongeth also to most of creatures, which both all serve for medicine, and each of them for sundry purposes. Whereby Natures endeavour to furnish us with all help of medicine may evidently appear, yea, most of all when she seemeth to be so jealous over our health, that she provideth against Dr●inus, against the Scorpion; the viper, and Cerastes, and the most of venomous bites of Serpents, wherewith notwithstanding we are not as other nations encumbered, and those not common, medicines only, but even proper unto them. As the venom of Drysmus is abated and utterly extinguished with the Trifolie, and with all kind of mast, be it of the Beech, o● the Oak, or of any kind of tree that beareth Acorns. penerial cureth the Scorpion's sting: against the biting of a viper, Garlic, Onions, and Leeks new gathered, are principal treacles: wherewith also the venom of Cerastes is overmatched. Ergo, if Nature fail us not against the venoms of strange Serpents, from which we be freed by reason of the temper of our region, repugnant to their natures, (All things being done in the actions of nature in exquisite wisdom, & by a precise rule of God's providence) much more are we furnished against the diseases bred in our bowels. What hath been said of venomous beasts, may also be showed in the cure of strange diseases, wherein nature seemeth to be as careful as in the other. The French Pocks is an Indian disease, and not known to this part of the world within this hundredth years, before that voyage of Charles the Emperor, which he took against Naples, where being brought over with the Spaniards which returned with Christophorus Columbus, who first discovered the West Indies, it hath since infected the whole world. Now this strange & Indian disease hath nature provided remedy against, not only out of India, as the Guaicum, & Salsa Parilla, but even out of Europe as effectual: as the Smilax aspera, wherewith Fallopius saith at Pis● he cured divers of the French pocks. And La Riviere in French his Apology, affirmeth the same to be done with the essence of the Primrose and Cowslip.  
The anointings with Mercury are known by daily practices what force they have, against this most grievous disease, which although some do mislike, because undiscreetly used, it is somewhat dangerous: yet Antonius Chalmeteus, a skilful Surgeon, in the fift Book of his Enchiridion and 5. Chapter, affirmeth, that therewith he hath perfectly cured divers without danger, and if it hath otherwise fallen out with some, that it hath rather proceeded of unskilful using, then by the nature of Mercury. Now, gentle reader, thou art to understand the Pocks in India, being the same disease with that we call the French Pocks, is there a gentle disease, not much differing from the Scab, void of such grievous symptoms as it bringeth to these quarters, corrupting not only the fleshy parts of our bodies but even the very bones also. This testifieth Fallopius in his Book of the French Pocks. Yet need not our medicines crave the help of India for the cure thereof, not, not although it rage's far more fiercely (as it doth) against us then against them. Which being evident, let us consider how justly nature may be blamed to fail in the provision of medicines. Scarce would a man look for any great virtue of medicine in the worms of the earth, being a creature so abject: yet join they, and cleave together wounded sinews, they cure tertians, they help the pains of the ears, the toothache, and the powder of them drunk provoketh urine. The little vermin called Sows, which being touched run together round like a pease, who would think they cured the difficulty of making water, the lawns, the Quinsey, for which purposes they be of great force, and for to discharge stuffed lungs, with tough and gross humorous, nothing may be compared. Likewise the corns of horse legs called Lichenes, although they be base and u●le excrements, yet help they such as are taken with the falling sickness. The decoction of Frogs with salt and butter, is a treacle against the bites, stingings, and poisons of all serpents, and the ashes of them burnt, stayeth the flux of blood being thereto applied. These base creatures the rather I propound, that being known, the treasures which Nature hath hid and laid up in them, with such variety of virtues, we might, the better esteeming of her benefits, and the blessings of our own country, both acknowledge them, accept them, and be more thankful unto God for them. The which base creatures the viler they seem to be, the more commend they the goodness of the Creator, who would not the abiectest thing that is, should altogether be without wherewith to serve, and do homage to his Lord and master: which if these things afford us, what may we justly promise' to ourselves, and require of the rest more excellent creatures? Let not the reason seem strange and weak to thee reader, who art a Christian, which is taken from the providence and wisdom of God, to prove the sufficiency of his execution and performance of the same. For if Galene thought it reasonable, (as it is most reasonable.) to gather the wisdom and providence of the Creator by his work in the Creature & maintenance thereof, which he in the end of his books of the use of parts, calleth a point of divinity, far to be preferred above the whole Art of Physic: much more reasonable is it for me, and the reason sounder which is drawn from that divine providence, to the practice thereof. And if Galene had that religion in him, being a Gentle; and groping only in the mist of natural knowledge of God▪ could not satisfy himself with a Psalm or Hymn (as he himself calleth it) of seventeen staves, every staff containing a whole book (for thus he himself calleth his Books of the use of parts) of the wisdom of the most wise God, esteeming that duty more acceptable unto him than sacrifices of an hundredth Oxen, or the most costly perfumes and incense; let it not be harsh in thine ears gentle reader, to hear now and then the goodness of our God, his wisdom and providence, to be both entreated of and advanced of a Christian Physician, and to Christians, to whom the sun of righteousness hath shined and scatterred those mists of natural darkness, and hath given the earnest of immortality. And be assured there is no truth in Philosophy, but may stand with, yea rather may rest, and be upholden of Christianity. But let us proceed. julius Bassus, Nicerates, and Petronius Niger, as saith, Dioscorides, thought their country medicines, and those which their native soil yielded, most worthy to be exactly entreated of by them, belike either thinking them sufficient for the inhabitants, or more agreeable with them. Which homely practice of the nation's where he traveled, Dioscorides confesseth to have been the matter whereof he compounded his golden book of medicines, which at this day remaineth a rich storehouse to all Physicians. Now than I would know why we should more be provided of medicine against one disease then another, of our country yield? is it because such diseases which require strange medicines are more dangerous, or less? if more dangerous than should the remedy for them be more at hand, then for other: if less, why are then the strange medicines esteemed as most forcible? and if we be less subject to such diseases as are cured with them, & so the absence of them may seem tolerable, why then are tertian agues chief cured with Thamarines and rheubarb? whereof the one cometh out of India, & the other for the most part out of Barbary. What so ever nature is yielded to any nation, it serveth either for nourishment or medicines, or being neither nourishment nor medicine, is plain poison. Now a subducction being made of each of these, one from the other, what part shall we think will nourishments leave to medicines? a far greater doubtless than they themselves be: & as they exceed nourishments, so greatly do they & beyond all comparison exced the poisons. Wherhfore if the most of creatures in every nation, be a fit matter of medicine, greatly no doubt are all nations stored with them: which store declareth, that as diseases partly rise of breach of diet, & partly through poisons, so Nature would furnish us with medicines in number answerable to the causes of both: which being not sufficient, argueth that Nature misseth of her purpose, having sufficiently declared her endeavour: but Nature always bringeth her works to perfection, except in case of monsters, which are not ordinary. Wherhfore her will, (she being an instinct of Gods) ever going with the execution thereof, must needs perform that to us which she pretendeth in the variety. But that thou mayst (gentle reader) have better hold and greater assurance of the sufficiency of thy country medicines. I will set down briefly according to the variety and sorts of all diseases cured with medicine, medicines taken from our native soil answerable unto them, and effectual to cure them. And because medicines have relation to diseases, I will first touch the diseases, and thereto join the medicicines. All diseases are either in the complexion, or frame of the body, such as are in the complexion are all cured by medicine; which I named in the beginning of this treatise one of the instruments of Physic. Of diseases in the frame, these only are cured with medicines; Quantity superfluously increased, or diminished: obstructions, overstraightnesse or overlargnesse of passages in the body. These are only the diseases properly to be cured with medicine: other diseases which rise of these, either of their own accord vanishing by the cure of these, or else to be cured by surgery, as evil figure and shape through want of proportional quantity, that being restored, the figure forthwith returneth; or if not, ●ather is to be cured with help of hand. And luxation of joints, and evil coupling of parts, if they rise of distemper only, that being taken away with medicines, returneth oftentimes with it good situation of parts. Likewise, the situation perverted through distemper, the complexion being restored, the other consequently do follow.  
Now, having declared in general the diseases which only require medicine; that every disease may have his proper one, I will subdivide them more particularly, joining to every disease that medicine which thereto belongeth▪ The diseases in the complexion are either in all the parts of the temper thereof, or else in one or twain. In the whole complexion are such as are engendered of venomous causes: and those either engendered in the body, or happening thereto outwradly they which are engendered in the body, are Cankers, Leprosies, falling sickness, Suffocation of the matrix through nature corrupted, swoonings through corruption of Worms engendered in the body. And these be the diseases of venomous causes bred in the body. Such as happen thereto by outward occasions, are either by poison taken into the body, or by outward touching procured: taken into the body, as the poison of Toads, Henbane, Nightshade, Hemlock, Ratsbane, Quicksilver, and such minerals, and last of all infected aire● causing pestilence, and Carbuncles. Such as are outwardly procured, are either without wounds or with wounds: without wounds, infection passing from one to another, as the French pocks. With wounds, venomous bites and stingings of beasts, as of Serpents and mad Dogs. And these are all the diseases said to be in the whole temper of the body, which having first showed to be sufficiently cured by home medicines, in like man●er will I prosecute the rest. And herein (gentle reader) thou art not to look I should set down all medicines which our native soil is known to bestow upon us for cure of these diseases, which would grow to an infinite volume, I herein referring thee to the works of those who of purpose have written of the nature of simples, and are authors of practice, but it shall I hope suffice for this purpose to pick out amongst a great many, those of choice for these diseases. And first to begin with Cankers, which being not exulcerated but remaining humours, are cured (if with any medicine) by the juice of Nightshade, all the sorts of Endive and Succory, with agrimony, with Saint john's wort, wild clary, called Oculus Christi, the flesh of Snails boiled, Cray-fish, green Frogs, and to conclude, with all kind of metals and minerals; and among them Lead, how so ever it be used, is most sovereign. If it be exulcerated, then herein have the minerals and metals the chief place. ●o the exulcerate Canker belongeth the Wolf (which is naught else, but a Canker exulcerated.) The Gangrene and Speacelus, are cured by the remedies of the Canker and Wolf, the one being a degree of an Ulcer in which the parts begin to be mortified, the other when they have now lost life altogether. The leprosy is an universal Canker, and for outward medicines requireth no other: among the inward, Plantine, Whey, Hedgehogs dried and drunk, help greatly. And thus much for Cankers and Leprosies, which as they be diseases hard to be cured by any medicine, so receive they as great help by these our home medicines, as by any of strange countries. The falling sickness, if it be in such as are aged, and have been long diseased therewith, is a disease hardly or not at all to be cured. But where it is curable, these medicines be comparable with the best: the root of the Missleto of the Oak, the rennet of an Hare, the peony root, Enula campana, the scalp of a Man, an Ass hose, Hyssop, the milt of an Horse, the stones which are found in the maws of the first brood of Swallows, five leaved grass, the juice of the Couslippe, the juice of Whorehound with Hon●●. All suffocations of the Matrix are cured with Plantine, P●●eriall, Herbgrace, and by an infinite number of home medicines. Worms and that infection, is taken away by Coriander seed, Colewort seed, Garlic, Wormwood, & in a manner with all bitter herbs, with the juice of Purslane, with the filings of Stag's horn, little inferior in virtue to that which is commonly taken for the unicorns horn. Peach leaves, Hyssop, Mints, Purslane seed. Thus much touching medicines against diseases engendered of venomous causes within the body. Now touching such as happen by outward occasions: and first of those that by mouth are taken into the body. Against which generally it helpeth greatly to drink store of butter in steed of oil, with warm water or the decoction of Flax seed, Fenigreeke, or Mallows, and thereupon a vomit: which done, Sothernwood, the root of seahulver, the seed of Nep, the juice of Whorehound, the seed of wild Ru●, Walnuts, Turnops, Herbgrace, ●i●e leaved grass, with an infinite number of native medicines, expel the poison, and restore the patiented. Moore properly to the poison of Cantharideses, belong penerial, too Buprestu all kinds of Pears, and woman's milk: to the Salamander, Chamepitis, Seaholy roots: to the worms of the Pine tree, such as cure the poison of Cantharideses: against the poison of of the Toad, the roots of Reeds and Cyperus: against the Chameleon, radish roots and Wormwood: against Ephem●rum Asaph's milk or cows milk, hot: against Doryc●●●m, Goats milk, Ass' milk, Cockles, and Cray fishes: against the poison of Aconitum, Organ, Hearbgrace, Whorehound, the decoction of Wormwood. Against ●hriander, Wormwood, salt b●oth made with a Goose or Hen, which expel also the poison of Flewort: the poison of Hemlock is cured with Mint, Hearbgrace, Nettle seed, ●ay leaves, which 〈◊〉 cure the po●son of Ugh, and Carpasus. The poison of that kind of Crowe●oote, called Sardonia, is cured with drinking store of Mede, and Milk: 〈◊〉 me with Nettle seed, wild Endive, Mustard s●ede, and Rock●●: Cearuse, with Mede, hot milk: Peach stones, with the decoction of Barley, with the decoction of Mallows: Quicksilver, with store of Milk drunk. Mercu●ie sublimed with Crystal: Lime, Orpiment, ●ars●ane, and such like, wit● the decoction of Flax ●●ede, and Milk with M●de. And to conclude this point, there is no ●ind● of poison, but it findeth cure by ou● country medicines without borrowing. Th●s much for the cure of poisons taken into the body by eating or drinking of them: Pestilences are cu●ed (if with any medicine) with Angelica, Carduus benedictus, Ars●●ke, worn about the body, the root of pimpinel, of tormentil, Hearbgrace, Setwall, Walnuts, the powder of S. john's wort, ●uniper berries, Ve●uen, and the chief of all, the ●oble s●mple water Germa●der, and the Duarfgentian. For pestilent sores and Carbuncles, Scabious, Ofbit, Lousestrife, and the Marigold: to the pestilence may be referred the small pocks and such like, which agreed in medicine also with the pestilence. And thus much for the cure of poisons. Against bites and stings of venomous beasts, and poisoned weapons, there are also both general and particular remedies. The general are these: the ashes of the cutting of the Vine and of the Fig tree, with Lee, Leeks, Onions, Garlic, the Sea water, mustard seed, Endive, Heth, the root of the Sea hulver, bay berries, Hearbgrace, Dill, Souse bread, Fenell, penerial, the rennet of an Hare, the weasel, and these general: particulars, are such as follow. Against the bites of Phalangium, the seed of Sothernwood, aniseed, the seed of Trifolie, the fruit of Tamariske. Against the Scolopendra, wild rue, Thyme, Calamint: against the Scorpion, Basil seed: against the biting of a Viper, Adder, Snake, etc. Sothernwood, Bayes, green Organ, the Bramble, the brains of an Hen, Cole seed. Against the bites of a mad Dog, Crow garlic, the river Crabbe, Balm, an actual cautery, the liver of the mad Dog broiled, the blood of a Dog drunk. And thus much for the bites and stingings of venomous beasts, which also serve against poisoned wounds, else to be cured with the medicine which respecteth properly the poison wherewith the weapon hath been infected. The infection without wound is the French pocke, whereof (sufficient having been said before) I will here say nothing.  
This than shall suffice to have written of the cure of all diseases rising of venomous causes, wherein (if Nature of her own accord as it were, and in this great neglect of our Country & native medicines) hath showed herself so liberal, how large would she be▪ if with set purpose and careful endeavour greater trial of things were had, and proof made by learned and discreet men. Now follow the diseases which are by the excess or defect of one or two parts of the temper, which are hot, cold moist, and dry, simple or compounded: which if they be not procured by evil humours, then require they altering only by contrary qualities. If by them, as phlegm, choler, melancholy: then are these humours first to be avoided and diminished.  
Such as require altering, are cured by natures of contrary quality, not only generally, but even answerable to all degrees of excess. And first to begin with hot diseases of the first degree, they are cured with such contraries as follow: Barley, sour Gr●peses, Roses, Violets, the Oak, Quinces, Damsings, Pellitory of the brickwall, Docks, Pears, Apples, Hartshorne, the flowers and whole herb of Mallows.  
Of the second degree; the water Lillie, Ducks-meat, Knotgrass, Vine leaves, the Bramble, Plantain, Cherries, Led, Ceruse, Barberies, Cowcombe●ss, Melons, Courds, Citralls, whites of Eggs, Meddlers, and Services.  
Of the third; Purslane, Houseleek, Mandrake, Henbane.  
Of the fourth; Hemlock, Poppy. Thus much for hot diseases.  
Medicines for cold diseases, are these hot which follow. Of the first degree; bugloss, Borage, fumitory, Sage, Horsehoofe, maidenhair, Butter, Lilies, Flaxe-seede, marrow and fat, Chamomile, Fenigreek, etc.  
Of the second; Dill dry, Mugwort, Parseley, Saffron, Honey, Balm, Salt, etc.  
The third; Anise, ●olefoote, Calamint, Commine, Fenell, Hyssop, Mints, etc. The fourth; Garlicke-cresses, mustard, Celendine the great.  
For moist diseases these medicines are good; Of the first degree dry: Cabbage, Beets, Chamomile, Fenel, beans, Fenigreek, etc. Of the second; Dill, Mugwort, Shepheards-pouch, Doddard, Lintels, honey, Rosemary. Of the third; wormwood, Germander, Hyssop, juniper, Five leaved grass, Organ, Whorehound, etc. Of the fourth; Garlick-cresses, mustardseed, wild Rue.  
Dry diseases have these medicines, Buglos, mallows, Turnops, Endive, for the first degree. The second; Violets, Water-lillie, Lettuce, Purslane, etc. The third, and fourth degrees, as these are evil supplied by strange simples; so are they recompensed by increase of quantities of moist in the two first degrees. And thus much touching medicines belonging to the cure of diseases in one part of the temper, which being in two parts, and without humour, require either tempering the simple qualities aforesaid, in diverse simples, or natures wherein such two do exceed; which because they be as plentiful as those I have before mentioned, and that hereof none makes doubt, I will not touch. If this double distemper rise of humour, as for the most part of it doth: Than is that humour to be diminished or altogether to be voided out of the body, and then the distemper remaining to be altered. The humours are properly to be voided by purgation, other ways there be diverse: as exercise, fastings, sweeting, urine & such like. But properly the vacuation of phlegm, choler, melancholy, which are the causes of this double distemper, belongeth to purging medicines: which purgations, as the greatest doubt is of nature's provision in them, so they being supplied by our country soil, the greatest part of this controversy may seem to be decided.  
Purgations are either by vomit, or by stool: by vomit our native soil ministereth great choice, as, very gently, the radish roots with the seed; the pepon root and nettle seed: with more vehemency, solefoote, leaf and root, the middle bark of the wall nut tree, and the long blossoms thereof: and yet most vehemently the seeds of broom and the flowers thereof: and these for vomit. By the stool, and first to purge choler: the flowers and leaves of the Peach tree▪ Violets flowers and seeds comparable with rhubarb, the great garden dock called the monks rhubarb, Damask roses, wild Saffron, the powder of Fethe●fewe, all the kinds of spurges, the root of the wild cucumber, the root of bryony, and Coloquintida. Melancholy is purged with Coloquintida, the oak fern, the juice of Mandrake, the flowers of broom, bearefoote, and Antimony. Fleame and water are purged with Coloquintida, the juice of Rhineberries, the gross bark of the Elm, the juice of the root of walwort, of Elder, the garden Flowerdeluce root ivyced. The dry leaves of Laurel, the seawythwind, scurby weed. These are a show of our Enlgish store of purgers: which if they be too strong, then are they to be ministered in smaller quantity mixed with those of feebler working; if too weak, then are they to be sharpened with quicker. If they offend any part, they are to be corrected partly with cordials, and partly with medicines respecting such parts as they annoy. Which wants are not only to be charged upon our country medicines, seeing even the best of foreign purgers are to be touched with the same. As scammony is corrected with quinces, otherwise troubleth it the stomach with a griping and gnawing, it purgeth over vehemently, it hurteth the liver, and is enemy to the heart, and doth exulcerate where it passeth, and procureth dysenteries, that is to say, ulcers in the guts. Turpeth is corrected with ginger and long Pepper, Mastic with oil of sweet Almonds, and Sugar, else overthroweth it the stomach, troubleth, & overdrieth the body. Coloquintida with oil of sweet almonds, goom, tragacant, or mastic, else troubleth it vehemently the whole body, procureth the bloody flux, and miserably tormenteth the guts. So, Agaricke requireth to be steeped in wine with ginger & cloves, yet scarce abstaineth it from overthrowing the stomach. Cassia marreth the stomach, and requireth to be mixed therewith stomach medicines. The excessive dryness, and binding of rhubarb is corrected with some moistening syrup. Aloe requireth Mastic and Goome Trageacanth to mitigate the fretting thereof. Seine marreth the stomach, and either through windiness, or through vehemency of scouring, tormenteth the body, and therefore needeth Ginger, Cinnamon, or Spike, sweet Prunes, fat broth, and Raisins.  
Hermodactiles offend the stomach, & cause wind, and require Ginger, Cumine, or Spike: and to be short; there is no purger of strange drugs which requireth not correction of great faults; which correction is taken from such medicines as respect those parts chiefly which the purgation doth annoyed, whereof such is our store, that in all parts we be sufficiently armed therewith. But of these shall hereafter be spoken.  
Now, if any man think, for want of Cassia, Manna, Seine, rhubarb, these humours cannot be voided, or not so well; let me then know how the Grecians wanted them, and yet found no lack, using only Scammony, Helleboru●, and Colocynthis, Aloes, and Agaricke, for their chief purgations: The other being brought in of late in comparison, by the Arabians; who both in knowledge of Physic, and in the works thereof, were far inferior to the Grecians, to whom I say (I mean the ancient of them in Galens time and before) neither Manna, nor Cassia, nor Seen, nor rhubarb, nor Hermodactiles, were known either at all, or at the uttermost for purgers. And as for Manna, Fuchsius saith, that certain having been about the Mount Libanus, made report that the inhabitants of that mountain, having eaten their fill thereof, neither feel themselves any whit troubled therewith, nor their bodies loosed, but use it for an ordinary sustenance. Whereby again appeareth a great diversity of working of strange medicines according to the variety of countries. But what should we say of the nature of purgers, it is doubtless one of the hardest points at this day in all natural Philosophy, neither mind [at this present to deal therein: but this may I say, as by preparation, one nature may according to the variety thereof, receive diverse, yea contrary virtues; so seemeth it to me that this virtue of purging may be procured to natures of themselves destitute thereof, by preparation.  
diverse and in a manner all the metals, and minerals, being burnt and washed, give over their fretting nature, and quicksilver (which of itself it is not sublimed, or precipitated) becometh a vehement scouring medicine: so likewise Antimony, before it be turned into glass or oil, is not known to purge the body: which being done, is greatly commended against the Dropsy, the French pocks, melancholy, and diverse other diseases, which it cureth by purging. So that it seemeth, art of preparation, as it maketh no nature (that being a work of the universal nature) so may it not only be a preparer, but even a maker of medicines: which medicines are not natures, even as health, and sickness are not of the nature of man's body, but even accidents thereto.  
Which being certain, let us then consider what an infinite variety of medicines would arise of things, the same being used not only entire, but diversly prepared & even corrupted: wherein the industry of Alchmists is verily greatly to be commended, and far more excellent than the common Pharmacopolla rather so to be called then Pharmacopolya, by the skill whereof diverse natures in one thing are so exactly severed, every one having a diverse operation. Now oft-times because the humour to be purged is gross and tough and so hardly yieldeth to the medicine, or hath some other evil quality wherewith it might greatly hurt the parts, whereby it passeth; nature not forgetting this point, hath as abundantly supplied such helps in this behalf, as need requireth: as for the preparing of choler, Plantain, Roses, the verdivice of the grape, endive, suchorie, sorrel, sperage, etc. For melancholy: violets, borage, bugloss, balm, fumitory, doddar, ceterach, or fingerfearne, etc. For phlegm: fenel, parsley, bedonie, neep, penetial, thyme, savoury, germander, etc. Of these I less stand upon, because the preparers of humours are lest in controversy, although from hence may an argument be drawn not lightly to be passed over, to prove the store of purgers, seeing nature hath miniistred sufficiency of preparers, and as it were harbingers to the purgers of country yield. But I will draw to an end: and thus much shall suffice for this present purpose to have said of medicines, belonging to the cure of all diseases in complexion. The other kind of diseases are in the frame of the body: and of those, if quantity be superfluously increased, and that in the whole body, medicines which do vehemently waste, as those of the third degree hot, diminish the same. If in the part only, medicines which we call eaters, and fretters, dispatch the same: as coperous, the ashes of spurge, burntalum, mercury sublimed and precipitate, verdigrece, burnt salt, etc. If measure be diminished, and that without loss of substance, the glueing medicines bring cure: whereof our native soil is so stored, that for wounds, the surgeons need neither to sand into Barbary, nor India: as Plantain, Hound's tongue, the flowers and leaves of willows, yarrow, carduus benedictus, betony, scabious, vervain, elm leaves, adders tongue, moon wort, herb turpence, Self heal, and these if the wounds be in the fleshy parts. If it be breaking of bones, such are joined with fine flower, the brain of a dog, with will, and the white of an egg, the hollyhock root, the moss of the oak, glue, roses, worm wood, etc. If there be loss of substance in the fleshy parts either by wound, or ulcer, Incarnatives fail us not: as barley meal, fenegreeke flower, fighene meal, and to be short all such as be of the first degree hot and dry, without eagerness or felnes. Now the diseases in straightness of passages or obstructions, if they arise of the humours afore said, and in those places whereto the medicine may conveniently come, then are they to be set free by purging. If upon other causes, or in such places whereto the force of the medicine which purgeth cannot come, or hardly entereth, or of such causes as be no humours, but through some other strange matter, or by straightness of the vessels, where though the passage is, then are other remedies to be used whereof we have great plenty, as softners, losers, and such as do enlarge though pores of the body, of which sort are such a● be not above the first degree hot: as Chamomile, Lilies, new butter, Swine's grease, Linseed, Fenigreek, Brionie root, all marrows: Also medicines which make the matter thin, or cut it, and divide it into sundry parts, of which sort are they of the second degree hot to the third degree, as Dill, penerial, savoury, Organ, Thyme, Marioran, Saint john's wort, Wormwood, etc. Now, if the humour prepared be to be voided by place medicine, than salt, salt water, Lie, Ashes, Alum, and Lime, take place; and if more vehemency be needful, Calamint, wild Cresses, treacle, mustard, Garden Cresses, Mustard seed, nettles, dragons, all the spurges are to be numbered among the best: and if these serve not, the root of Crowfoot will make the supply. If the humour cannot be voided conveniently, except it be altered into another matter, of which sort is penned blood out of the veins, then are ripening medicines first to be applied: as butter, wheat-flower, sorrel, Horsehoof, Lilies, Marchmallowes, Onions roasted; which all are singular ripers. If the matter be rough & clammy, these scourers avoid that inconvenience; Endive, Suchorie, Red-roses, Plantain, Houseleek, Agr●monie, Betony, honey, Horchound, Wormwood, Balm, pimpernel, Watergermander, etc. Now, if the matter which stoppeth be the stone, as in the kidneys, or bladder, then are these medicines most convenient for that use: Grummell seed, goats blood, the juice of Mugwort, Seahuluerroot, the stones found in the great snails heads, radish roots, Saxifrage, etc. If any hard matter be in other parts, the softners and wasters, & dissolvers are to be applied.  
Thus much touching the cure of obstructions and strait passages, which according to the variety of place where they light, cause sundry diseases, or rather take to them sundry names. As in the brain, the Apoplexy; in the bladder of Gall, the yellow jawnes; in the Spleen, the black: in the sinews of motion, the palsy or trembling; in the lungs Asthma, and so forth.  
Now, if these passages be too large, they are to be stopped and straightened with cooling and drying medicines, of which sort in a manner are all of sharp and sour taste; as Vine-leaves, the Brier, and the Bramble, Barbaries, Meddlers, and Services, Quinces, & such as are of themselves, or by mixture with liquor clammy, as wheat flower, bean flower, the white of an egg, plaster, washed lime, lethargy, and Ceruse.  
Now moreover, because in all good cure, not only the cause of the diseases is to be oppugned, but the part also to be strengthened, which must needs (partly by the cause of the disease, and partly even by the conflict of the same cause with the medicine) befeebled; that nothing be wanting unto us for the restoring of health, nature hath provided even special munition for every part of the body, that the whole furniture against all diseases might be complete. As for the head, Aniseedes, Folefoot, Betony, Calamint, Eyebright, Lavender, Bays, Marioran, Peony, Sage, Rew, or herbgrace, lettuce, the leaves and flowers of water Lilies, Roses, garden nightshade. For the lungs, calamint, dragons, liquorice, Enula campana, hissop, linseed, whorehound, the lungs of a fox, scabious, water germander, barley, garden pop violets, horsehoofe. For the heart, bugloss, borage, saffron, balm, basil, rosemary, violets, the bone of a stags heart, roses. For the stomach, wormwood, mints, betony, balm, mint, quinces, meddlers, Sorrel, purslane. For the Liver, Dartspine, or chamepities,, germander, agrimony, fennel, endive, suchorie, liver wort, barbaris. For the spleen: Maiden hear, sperage, fingerfearne, dodder, dodder of thyme, hops, the bark of the ash tree. For the kidneys: Sea hulver, Grumel, Parseley, Knecolme, saxifrage, Mallows, Plantain, Pellitory of the wall. For the womb: mugwort, penerial, fetherfewe, savin, walwort, juniper. For the joints: chamomile, saint john's wort, organ, rue, multen, and coweslips, the less centaury, and chamepities.  
Thus have I (gentle reader) briefly run over the diseases cured by medicine, having passed by those which either rise of these, as evil figure by immoderate excess, or defect of quantity, unequally increasing or wanting, or number, evil situation for want of good couplance through distemper, & such like, as also the compound of those, which require (only composition excepted) the same medicines. Whereby evidently mayst thou see, the goodness of God towards thee, in so plentifully furnishing thine own soil with such variety of medicines: which if it yield thee such plenty in this neglect & loathing of our country remedies, what fruit wert thou to look for, if diligence and pains were used? Verily right well might we both avoid the dangers before declared, ease ourselves of immoderate charge, and have better assurance of our medicines then we have: yea very well satisfy our daintiness even with strange simples, or find out such as should not only in virtues match with the spices of India (which is a plain case) as Rosemary matcheth Cinnamon: basil, Cloves: Sage, the Nutmeg: Safforn Ginger: Thyme, Musk: savoury, the leaf called Malabathrum, but even in pleasantness of razed express the same. And as Avens doth most lively represent the taste of cloves unto us, so likely is it if search were made, and this enterprise of examining and trying our native simples taken in hand by men of wisdom, and understanding, we should no more be destitute of spices than India or Arabia, although neither Indish, nor Arabic: and as the small jags of the roots of Avens, fail little from cloves in taste, so might we as likely found that which were little inferior to Cinnamon, ginger, nutmegs, and mace, not only in likeness of working, but even in similitude of nature: but I will refer this to that time, when either men shall be more careful for public benefit then private gain, or sufficient allowance bestowed on such men as should spend their days only in searching out the virtues of natures, which at this time is greatly wanting, even as for all other professions of arts. Our English soil is greatly commended, as it justly deserveth, for temper of the air: & of such as have experience thereof, of strangers, and great masters of simples, for variety of excellent medicines carrieth great praise, who report they find such simples in the valleys and woods of our North parts, as they find in the tops of mountains in the South countries. So that certain gardener in England, especially in London, are able to afford great variety of medicines even of foreign simples to all diseases. And if the Dittany of Candie, the Cipres ●ree, the Nicotian out of India, Coloquintida, the Almon tree, the Pomegranate tree, will brook our soil, and flourish therein, as they do, we need not doubt, but certain and sufficient provision of all medicines, (I mean all kinds, but not all of every kind, which were unnecessary, neither can any country challenge the same) might be made partly of a voluntary yield of the same, partly by planting, and sowing, with just temper of the mould, and situation of the plant, out of our own country, both with less charge and less danger, for all diseases.  
Now, if it be demanded, why then both the practice is, and hath been hitherto otherwise; I will only say thus much for answer, although much more might be said: The whole art of Physic hath been taken partly from the Greeks', and partly from the Arabians. And as the precepts of the Art, so likewise the means and instruments wherewith for the most part the precepts of the same art are executed: which hath bred this error in times past, now by a tradition received, that all duty of the Physician touching restoring health, is to be performed by the same remedies, not in kind only, but even specially with those which the Graecian and Arabian Masters used, who wrote not for us, but for their Greekes and Arabicks, tempering their medicines to their estates, although their rules be as common as reason to all nations.  
Galen saith in his first book of preserving health, he giveth the rules thereof no more to Germane, then to Boars and Bears, but to the Grecians. Which declareth, they respected their own nation both in rule and medicine; whom also the Arabians in the same point followed.  
Now, we receiving the same medicines with the rule, must needs fall into the absurdities aforesaid: Much like to the evil physician, which playeth only upon the instrument whereon his Master taught him, which if he assay upon another, committeth diverse discords among other evil graces in music. But the wise and learned Physician, being furnished with other arts more general than his own, whereto natural philosophy most nighly approacheth, being a knowledge of all natural things not of Arabia, or India, or Greece, but universally, findeth in all Country's medicines for diseases, nature yielding sufficiency of contraries to all sorts of them, whereto the inhabitants are subject, at the lest, in all quarters, which rise not of a blind tradition, but from a certain knowledge of nature. This than I take to be the chief cause of this custom in using strange medicines, which ignorance of nature doth feel, & nourish daily. I blame none, neither tax I any man, & I dare say there is not a learned Physician in this land, who is not able to perform this point with English medicines, if they would take the matter in hand: whereto I rather exhort them, then instruct them, being a thing sufficiently known unto them. For it is not the Nutmeg, or the Mace that strengtheneth the brain, and cureth cold diseases, and moist diseases thereof: but a drying and warming virtue, with a secret agreement which they have with the brain to preserve the same, which being found as sufficient in Sage, in Rosemary, in Betony and such like, the nutmeg and the mace, with such other spice, for that turn may be discharged. The same may be said of all strange natures, which although we want, yet have we such as are as sufficient to serve in strede: for as every nation hath a peculiar condition of the same diseases, so must the medicine also needs be of another sort: and as the medicine varieth, so why the matter of the same medicine should not also vary I know not. The medicine varieth in respect of the complexion of the patiented being other in one country, then in an other: which medicine is as it were seated in nature, which hath many qualities besides the medicinable, which quality if the medicine be good, must agreed with the patient's complexion▪ if not, then hurteth it greatly. If it agreeth with the complexion of a Moor, an Indian, or Spanyard●, then must it needs disagree with ours, which disagreement and want if it be patched up unto us by correctors, yet declareth that patching, that the medicine is rather by force constrained, then naturally yieldeth itself to the remedy, and so of itself unmeet. Wherhfore as well the matter thereof is to be changed, as the medicine itself. And if those correctors need also correction, what then? I will not say that all simples need their correctors, although it be avouched of some, and such as carry great authority for their skill in Physic. Thus have I (gentle reader) for thy benefit I hope, made a way to the greater use of our home medicines, wherein if I have said freely my mind against strange drugs, thou mayst understand that otherwise the way were stopped to our English medicines, and blame me not, if I say as much for ours, as the strangers say for theirs. And if as yet by custom it seem hard to altar the common course, let each practiser look to that, I set no laws to any, only I crave liberty in this point, both pleasant and profitable to English men. Wherein I have examples of excellent Philosophers & learned Physicians, neither broach I any idle conceits of my own. Of this mind is Plinius Secundus, Fuchsius, Rulandus, Symphorianus, Campegnis, Octavianus Horatianus, Physician to Valentinian the Emperor, that all countries have sufficient medicines for all diseases. I know much more might be said of this point. But this I thought sufficient for the present time, breaking as it were the ice I hope to others, who hereafter shall more copiously deal in the same argument, or at the lest, drawing the first lines (of a more large treatise to myself which as leisure, and opportunity shall serve may hereafter be accomplished) this gentle reader I desire thee to accept in such sort, as I offer it unto thee even with a mind to spend my days according to my small talon, for thy benefit. God keep thy soul and body for ever.  
FINIS.   

A COLLECTION OF Medicines, growing for the most part within our English Climate; approved and experimented against the 

jaundice,  
Dropsy,  
Stone,  
Falling Sickness,  
and Pestilence.   Set down alphabetically, for the ease of all, that shall have occasion to use them.  Arnold. de villa nova. 
Qui potest mederi simplicibus, frustrae quaerit composita.  
At LONDON printed, 1615.   


A Collection of English Medicines, etc.  
ABsinthium, Wormwood the infusion decoction, or juice thereof, 
Wormwood. draughts.  being taken the quantity of three cyaths or draughts every day, cureth the jaundice: Dioscorides, it thrusteth out the choleric humours of the belly, and avoideth them by urine; whereby it cureth the jaundice: Galen, Paulus Aegyneta. The cream of wormwood given by itself, is profitable to them that have the jaundice. Anton. Donatus ab alto mari. Wormwood given in meat and drink is profitable, to them that have the jaundice. Adam, Lonicerus. Wormwood boiled with Smallage or maiden hair, is with great profit given against the jaundice. Ant. Mizaldus. If he that hath the jaundice, do drink two ounces of the juice of wormwood, for the space of ten days together with sugar, he shall be cured of the jaundice. Gualtherus Riffius. Wormwood boiled in wine and drunk, cureth the jaundice: Nicholas Spindlerus. The seed of wormwood if it be boiled with the root of the Flowerdeluce and drunk, doth very much avail against the jaundice: Anton, Mizaldus.  
I have given (saith the Author) that potion of wormwood which john Wierus hath prescribed for the Scurvy, 
A potion against the jaundice and Scurvy  & have very happily cured many of the jaundice, and this is the form of the potion. Take Comarum of wormwood, our dry common wormwood, juniper berries bruised, goat's milk, or for want thereof cows milk or whey of milk, the quantity of four pyntes, boil it to the consumption of the third part, and let it be strained with expression, then mix therewith a drachm of saffron in powder, than again let it boil another walm and strain it, this decoction must be given somewhat warm, thrice a day, viz. in the morning fasting, and at three of clock in the afternoon, and at entrance into bed: by our own experience we know that wormwood wine doth cure the jaundice. Actuarius saith that the syrup of wormwood doth cure the jaundice, as witnesseth Vitalis de furu●, and Adolphus Occo. Abrotanum, 
Sothernwood. bearfoort.  Sothernwood: the wine of Sothernwood being drunk, is very good for the jaundice, D●o●corid. Acanthum or bearfoort: the boots whereof which the Romans do call tric●rdumcan three or four roots green or dry boiled in water to the consumption of the one half, and expressed, and strained from the roots; give thereof to drink against the jaundice: Galenus. Acetosa: 
Sorrel.  eaten by itself and the decoction of the root boiled to the thirds, doth suddenly help those that have the jaundice: Actius. It is approved in the jaundice to give the roots of Sorrel: Auicenna, 〈◊〉 Valescus. The roots of Sorrel drunk with w●ne helpeth those that have the jaundice: Antonius Mizaldus. A certain man that had the jaundice, used to eat the condite of sorrel, which he did eat in the morning fasting, and drank thereupon a little endive water, and so become hole as witnesseth Amatus Lusitanus. Acetum, Vinegar: If he that hath the jaundice, and sitteth in the sun, 
Vinegar.  and doth draw up into his nostrils most sharp venegar, and do contain the same a little while, pressing his nostrils; it doth carry away the relics of the jaundice, which do remain about the eyes and the face. Aetius. Paulus Fuchsius and many others. For the yellowness of the eyes it is good to smell to vinegar actually hot, because those subtle parts do ascend up to the head, afterwards by reverberation they do descend to the eyes, and there they ratify the pores of the eyes, and after they exhale. Marcus Catinarius saith, it is our experiment.  
Acorus, or Galengal: 
Galengal.  the decoction thereof and red Cicers given to drink, is a present remedy for the jaundice. Petrus Hispanus, Leonellus Faventinus. Make a bath of the water of the decoction of Acorus, and it doth the same. A draft of the decoction of Acorus in water, cureth the jaundice Quintus Appollinarius.  
Adiantum, Maiden or Venus' hair: every kind of them, is profitable for the overflowing of the gall. Dioscorides.  
Maiden hair boiled in wine or aqua mulsa, and drunk for some few days together helpeth the obstructions of the liver, and therefore consequently is good against the jaundice: so saith Adamus Lonicerus And, generally, Omne adiantum, quia jecoris obstructiones aperit, Ictericis confert. Every maiden hair because it doth open the obstructions of the liver, is very good against the jandise: Fernelius.  

Agarieke.  Agaricus: agaric, is given the quantity of two drachms, to those that have the jandise: to those that feel a fever, it must be given with aqua mulsae, but otherwise in vino mulso. Dioscorides. agaric hath a digestive faculty, and doth cut and incide gross humours, and doth purge from the tournings of the bowels, and therefore it doth cure those that are troubled with the yellow jandise, through the obstruction of the liver. Galen. agaric doth mightily open obstructions in the jaundice. Nicholas Piso. Agaricke with rhubarb is an excellent medicine in the jandise. Gualtherus Bruel: the often use thereof is good against the jaundice, whether it be in potions, or in pills.  

Agrimoni.  Agrimonia (called commonly Eupatorium) the decoction of common Eupatorium or the juice is with great profit given to them that have the jandise. Mathiol. The distilled water drunk, cureth the jaundice. Adam. Lonicerus.  
Aiuga: (or Chamaepitios) the leaves being drunk for seven days together in wine, 
Camaepit.  cureth the jaundice. Dioscor. Chamaepitios is a good remedy for them that be troubled with the jaundice. Galen. The decoction thereof cureth the jaundice. Mesue. Fernelius affirmeth that it is a good remedy for the jaundice; and Petrus Bayras saith that it cureth the jaundice: Being given to drink with melicrato it cureth those that have the jaundice. jacobus Sylum.  

al●●ekengi  Alcechengi: the berries thereof being drunk with some convenient liquor, doth purge the jaundice by urine: Anthon. Fumanellus.  
Allium or garlic: 
Garlic  Praxagoras doth mix garlic with wine and Coriander against the jaundice. Anton. Mizald.  
Aloes being given the weight of a drachm to drink, doth purge the yellow jaundice, Dioscorides. 
Aloes  Adam Lonicerus, if the cause of the jandise do proceed from obstruction of phlegm or gross choler, as for the most part it doth, take one drachm of Aloes in the form of pills, an hour before supper and it is an effectual remedy if it be continued every other day: & if it be too weak to purge let it be strengthened with three or fowergraines of Diagridi●●●: Io. Arculanus. Aloes taken with goat's milk cureth the jaundice: Quin. Apollinares. To evacuate choler in the jaundice, Aloes in the form of pills is very much commended. Leonellus Faventinus.  
Ambubeia, Common succory: 
Common Suchorie.  The whole plant boiled and drunk, helpeth those that are troubled with the yellow jaundice. Mathiolus. see Intybus.  
Ammoniacum: gum ammoniac being given to the quantity of two scruples with mulso & the roots of Cappars or with Aromatical wine, it is good against the jandise, and helpeth them that be falling into the Dropsy, avoiding wonderfully by the belly, the obstructions of the bowels: jacob. Hollerius. Ammoniacum is commended against the jaundice, for it is very forcible to deliver from obstruction, for it cureth the jaundice, and those that are ready to fall into the dropsy through the same. Nich. Piso.  
Amygdalae, Almonds: the kernels of wild Almonds bruised with vinegar, and strained, 
Almonds.  and the liquor expressed, and given in the morning to the sick patient, upon a fasting stomach, or in the evening at the entrance into bed, is good against the jaundice. Hieronimus Bruswicensis.  
Anagallis, pimpernel: some use the juice thereof to purge the head by the nostrils, 
Pimpernel.  if any of the jaundice do rest about the face & eyes: Aetius, Fuchsius, Anton. Donatus.  

bugloss.  Anchusa, read bugloss, (so called in shops) the first decoction thereof is given to them that have the jaundice: and if there be withal a fever, it is given with aqua mulsa. Dioscorides: Adamus Lonicerus.  
Anchusa called Onoclea, hath the property to cleanse and purge bilous, 
Onoclea.  and choleric humours, wherefore it is given to them that have the jaundice: Galenus.  
Two spoonfuls of the d●●e roots, taken in three draughts of water to drink, is good for the same purpose: idem Galenus. The root of read bugloss boiled in water to the thirds, is drunk for the jaundice: or contunde and bruise one drachm in odoriferous wine and drunk, is good for the same. Aetius. A full spoonful of Anchusa bruised and given with mulsa for the jandise. Nich. Myrepsus.  
Anchusa, called by Dioscorides, Onoclea, & by some is the root of read bugloss: let it be boiled with mulsa if there be a fever, or in water or thin wine, adding thereto sugar or honey, and give the decoction thereof to them that have the jaundice, or two drachms thereof reduced into pounder, and give it in four ounces of mulsa, or thin white wine: jacobus Hollerius.  
Anseris stereus Goose dung: It is a country medicine to cure the jaundice, 
Goose dung  given the weight of two drachms in wine for some days: this is proved. I saith the Author am wont to cure with this following medicine the jaundice (which medicine is used in Frisia by the common people in the Scurvy) but especially if it be the black jaundice: I take goose dung, and ox dung, such as have fed only upon grass, of either a like quantity, that it to say the quantity of three acorns, or two chestnuts, and I macerate them for a few hours in four pints of Rhenish wine for the richer sort, and in stolen beer for the poorer, afterwards I strain it through a linen cloth gently and so let it settle; then I take two ounces of Radish roots sliced and bruised, then infuse it in some fit liquor, wine or beer, and let it macerate for a night, then in the morning strain it, and mix it with the first liquor of the goose and ox dung, and so being mixed together use them: and that it may be the better for the taste, bruise lightly nutmeg & cloves and let it hung therein tied in a piece of linen: of this liquor as often as the sick will, let him drink thereof, so that in the whole time of his cure, let him drink no other drink: This medicine although it be somewhat rustical and common, yet is of great use in this business, as we find by experience, so that nevertheless those things aperitive be not neglected, which by the art of Physic aught to be given. And if we consider the ingredients of this medicine, it expelleth the jaundice by urine, for this potion doth consist of diuretics and of subtle parts: for we see how much the Radish availeth, that being taken by any manner of means cureth the jaundice. The goose dung is of that hot faculty that it burneth the grass where it lieth: herehence we may gather how, and of of what subtle and thin parts is is, and how mightily it moveth urine, being transfused, with some convenient liquor. The dung of a bull hath also the same virtue, chiefly if it be gathered in the fields. Some that are superstitious will have that dung gathered that hath red hairs; but that is not needful, so that it be gathered in the field where they feed on grass: Some gather it in the winter whiles they feed on hay, but every man may do as they please: And this saith the Author is my experiment.  
Aparin●: goose grass the distilled water thereof, taken twice or thrice a day, 
Goose grass  the quantity of three spoonfuls, is an excellent remedy against the jaundice. Adam. Lonicerus: Nich. Spindlerus.  

Smallaga.  Apium: Smallage. ●he roots of Smallage boiled in some Apozem, and being strained and drunk, helpeth the jaundice: Fernelius.  
Garden Smallage, or the seed of common parsley, is given in white wine for the jaundice: Anton. Mizaldus.  
Aqua salsa, salt water: Asclepiades ministered salt-water for two days together against the jaundice: 
Salt-water.  Celsus.  
Aquilegia: Columbine: the roots thereof given being bruled, the weight of a drachm, with Saffron the weight of half a drachm, drunk in wine, & the body covered forthwith and caused to sweated, it doth very much avail against the jandise: Adam Lonicerus.  
The seeds of Columbine, as those that do writ of the virtue of herbs, given in the wine of Candy the quantity of 2. drachmas adding thereto a little saffron, cureth the jaundice; but the sick must forthwith sweated in his bed. Mathiolus. Take the seed of Columbine the quantity of a drachm, of Saffron a Scruple, and with an ounce of vinegar and two ounces of Celendine water, mix it and give it in the morning fasting, and in the evening at the entrance into bed, and drinking nothing thereupon, it purgeth the jaundice by urine, but with the draft taken in the morning we may mix sugar. Hier. Brunswick.  
Artemisia, Motherwort: 
Motherwort.  some give the distilled water to drink, against the jaundice: Gualtherus Ruff. Artemesia with the leaves of heart's tongue and a little wormwood boiled in wine and drunk, is good against the jaundice: Quint. Apollin.  
Asarum Asarabacca: 
Asarabacca.  cureth the jaundice by opening the obstruction of the liver and spleen: Fernelius. Asarabacca put in sit up, cureth the jaundice through oppilation, and properly the infusion thereof, Pet. Bayrus, put into must or new wine so that it may boil therewith, cureth the jaundice: others put Asarabacca in Must for three months, than they strain it, and give the same wine, and it is wonderful against the jaundice, Idem. Wine of Asaron, cureth the jaundice: Dioscorides. Beer of Asarabacca is exceeding good for the overflowing of the gall: joan. Placotamus.  
Asparagus: 
Sperage  Sperage the root thereof boiled with figs or Scissors and so taken doth cure the jaundice: Dioscorides. The wild root thereof is good against the jaundice, the seed thereof also given in drink is good for the same: Carolus Clusius: the root of Asparagus boiled in wine by opening the obstructions of the liver, cureth the jaundice. Adam. Lonicerus. As well the root as the seed helpeth the jaundice. Fernelius.  
The roots of Asparagus boiled with thin white wine, is given the quantity of four ounces for a time, against the jaundice. Marcus Gatinaria.  
Asphodelus, Daffodil, the root drunk with wine helpeth the jaundice. 
Daffodil.  Mathiolus.  

copora's.  Atramentum sutorium, or Calcanthum called in shops Vitriol, I find very effectual to purge the head in the jaundice. Vitriol also dissolved in woman's milk. Aetius.  
Atriplex, Orache, or Orage, the seed drunk with aqua mulsa, 
Orach.  cureth the jaundice. Dioscorides.  
The seed of Orache, helpeth the jaundice, that cometh by obstruction of the liver. Galen.  
When there is a fever with the jaundice, Atriplex is very good, because it openeth: Mesue.  
The seed of Orache given the weight of a drachm with fero lactis, is also good. Nonus.  

Mouse ear  Auricula muris, mouse ear: the kinds of these are pilosella mayor, and minor: every kind of them taken morning and evening fasting boiled in wine, helpeth those that are troubled with the jaundice. Adam. Lonicerus.  
The decoction of Pilocella cureth the jaundice. Nich. Piso.  
The water of the decoction of Pilosella being drunk, or the wine thereof doth presently help them which have the jaundice. Petrus Hispan.  
divers do commend Pilosella against the jaundice, because it doth strengthen the liver. Mathiolus.   

B  
Barberries: the middle rind of the barberry three the quantity of an acorn being bound in a cloth and boiled in water, 
Barberry.  let the sick drink thereof in the morning and evening, or mix that liquor with wine, it cureth the jaundice. Hier. Brunswick. Nich. Spindlerus.  
Beta, the beet: whose juice being taken up into the nostrils purgeth the yellow colour that resteth about the face and eyes. 
Beets.  Aetius.  
Betonica, 
Betony.  betony relieveth them that be affected with the jaundice. Dioscorides.  
The powder of betony given with wine the weight of a drachm, helpeth very much those that be troubled with the jaundice. Adamus Lonicerus.  
Betula, or birch, 
Birch.  the sweet juice of the birch three gathered in the spring, and being drunk, is reported to be very available against the yellow jaundice. Adam. Lonicerus.  
Bos, the ox: 
Ox.  the stone which is engendered in the gall of the ox some times the bigness of an egg and of a saffron colour, and very easy to be broken, is given in powder to be drunk in wine for the jaundice. Mathiolus.  
Brassica, Coleworts: the juice thereof is given with great profit against the jaundice: to those that are fevorous it is given by itself, but to those that want a fever it is given the quantity of a spoonful with wine. Aetius.  
The juice of the Colwort with wine, cureth the jaundice. Mesue. it is also given against the jaundice in read wine for forty days together: Ant. Fumanellus. And Mizaldus saith with white wine; which I think better: Bupthalmus, or ox eye called by Apothecaries cotula soetida, restoreth the natural colour to them that have the jaundice: Dioscorides. The decoction of the flowers drunk for some days together cureth them that have the jaundice. Adam Loni.   

C  

pennyroyal.  Calamintha: wild pennyryole the decoction thereof being drunk cureth the yellow jaundice: Dioscorides.  
Calaminte through his inciting and abstersive faculty, is good against the jaundice. Galenus.  
Calamint cureth those that have the jaundice, cleansing and purging the oppilations of the liver.  
Canis. or the dung of a white dog the quantity of two ounces, 
Dog's dung.  with the fourth part of honey given to drink for three days together, cureth the jaundice: Galenus. Dog's dung, only fed with bones, dry and beaten to powder and given to drink, cureth the jaundice: Valescus. A white dogs turd, feeding upon bones, dried and powdered, taken in drink, is good against the jaundice. Auicenna. Marcus Gatinaria. Nich. Piso.  
Centauri●m, the lesser centaury, 
Centaury.  boiled in water to the thirds, and then drink a good draft thereof, and it shall cure the jaundice. Apuleus Platonicus.  
Cepae, the Onion: Take a great white onion, make him hollow, 
Onions.  and fill the hollowness with as much treacle as an acorn or chestnut, and two or three drachms of Saffron, wrap it in a sheet of Brown paper moistened, and let it roast under the ●inderss, and being roasted stamp it and strain it and take of the juice thereof, and let the sick take some thereof fasting in the morning, as hot as may be, and cover his body warm that he may sweat, and this medicine shall cure the jaundice. joan. jacobus Weckerus.  
Cerasia: The leaves of the cherry tree, 
Cherry tree  a handful of them boiled in a sufficient quantity of milk, or rather whey, and let the sick drink a good draft of the straining, twice every day, in the morning, and at entrance into bed. Hierons. Brunswick. for it cureth the the jaundice by expelling it by the belly, Nich. Spindlerus.  
Chamedrios, or Southernwood, 
Southernwood.  the decoction thereof cureth the jaundice. Mesue. The seed thereof drunk is good for the same. Mathiolus.  
Camomel being drunk purgeth the cause of the jaundice. Dioscorides. Camomel, 
Camomel.  boiled in water and drunk, driveth away the jaundice. Galenus. cureth those that have the jaundice. Pet. Bayrus.  
The decoction of Camomel with the tops of wormwood, liquirish, Fenel, parsley, 
A medicine for the jaundice.  Asparagus with the four cold seeds, the wine of granots with jui●beses and Sebesten and endive water sweetened with sugar, half a measure taken in the Morning, the stomach fasting, cureth the jaundice. joan. De Vigo.   

D  

Ciccory.  Deusl●onis, white Succory every kind thereof, the juice thereof being taken, if the sick drink thereof the quantity of four cyaths or draughts, cureth the jaundice. Galenus. The juice of chicory & endive, is profitably given to those that have the jaundice, and to those which have a fever therewith, by itself, and to those that have no fever, with wine. Aetius.   

E  
Eruca, or Rocate: wild rocate cureth the yellow jaundice. 
Rocat.  Adam Lonicerus.  
Euphrasia, Eybright: the decoction thereof with wine is good against the jaundice. 
Eyebright.  Hieronimus Tragus witnesseth that he used it himself. The herb boiled in wine and drunk morning and evening, without doubt cureth the jaundice. Nichol. Spindlerus.   

F  
Filipendula, called in shops Saxifraga rubea, drunk with wine cureth the yellow jaundice. 
Filipendula  Adamus Lonicerus.  
The weight of a drachm of the root drunk with aqua mulsa cureth the jaundice. Nicholaus Spindlerus.  
Ferrum, Iron: 
Iron▪  The jaundice is very happily cured with wine wherein god's of steel or iron being made read hot is quenched, and the wine given for to drink. Gesnerus.  
Foeniculum, Fenell: 
Fenel.  The seed of fenel & the root drunk, driveth a way the jaundice: Dioscorides.  
The root thereof drunk in some decoction is good for the same, Galenus. Paulus.  
Fraxmus, the Ash, 
ash.  the distilled water of the Ash rind being drunk, is a most effectual remedy against the jaundice. Ad. Lonicerus.  
Fumaria, Fumaterrae: 
Fumaterrae.  the decoction thereof and of sand opneth the obstruction of the liver and cureth the jaundice, purging it by urine. Adam. Lonicerus. The roots of the same herb boiled in wine is given for the same purpose. Guall. Bruel. Of the juice of Fumaterrae and sugar, is made a syrup, which cureth both kinds of jaundice. Adolphus Occo.   

G.  
Gallina, the Hen, 
A Hen.  the inward skin of the stomach of hens being well washed with wine, dried and powdered, and a drachm of the same powder being cast upon a toast of bread dipped in wine and so given to him that is sick, fasting, and in the evening when he entereth into bed, cureth the jaundice. Hieronimus. Brunswic.  
Gramen, grass or vulgarly called Couch: the water of the decoction of the root is given with great profit to them that have the jaundice. 
Coocligrasse  Rondoletius. We use the gramen roots with good success in opening decoctions against the jaundice.   

H  
Hyssopus, Hissop, the leaves drunk with wine, doth cure the jaundice: 
Hyssop.  Petrus Bayrus.  
Hypericon: Saint john's wort boiled in water to the third part, 
Saint john's wort.  or powdered & seared, and a drachm thereof given with some sweet wine, cureth the jaundice. Actius. Ant. Donatus.  
The decoction of hypericon, is given against the jaundice. Donatus. Nonus. Saint john's wort, and maiden hair boiled in water is given to drink against the jaundice. Galenus.   

I  
Iris, the waterflower deluce, the roots whereof being boiled and drunk is given with great profit to them that have the jaundice. 
Flowerdeluce.  Mathiolus.  
juncus Odoratus, the sweet rushgrasse, a bath made thereof is used against the jaundice. Galenus.   

L  
Lactuca, lettuce: two drachms of the juice of lettuce is drunk every day against the jaundice. 
Lettuce.  Symphor. Campegius. Mesue. Against that disease the dissolved water of the same being drunk, is very good. The same Authors.  
The decoction of lettuce, of wild lettuce, is available against the jaundice, if it be given with earth worms prepared and dried. Valescus.  
Lavendula, Lavender, the flowers boiled in wine and drunk hot for some days fasting, 
Lavender.  driveth away the jaundice. Adam. Lonicerus. Nichol. Spindlerus.  
The decoction of Lavender, with the flowers prepared, is profitably given against the jaundice, that cometh through the stopping of the liver; especially if horehound, Cinnamon, and the roots of fennel, and Asparagus be added. Mathiolus.   

M  
Martubium, Whorehound: 
Whorehound.  the juice thereof taken up into the nostrils, purgeth the jaundice. Dioscorides. and Galenus. The juice of whorehound drawn into the nostrils, purgeth the jaundice: or the same juice dried and mixed with honey and put into the nostrils, doth cure the same. Pet. Bayrus. The decoction of whorehound cureth all kinds of jaundice, if the decoction be made with white pure wine, and give four ounces of the straining with sugar in the morning. Marcus Gatmaria.  
Millipedae▪ the loop, 
Loops.  or the worm with many feet drunk in wine, cureth the jaundice. Dioscorides, Paulus. Under vessels of water there are found loops which being bruised and drunk with mulsa, cureth the jaundice. Galenus. Those millepedae drunk in wine, cureth those that are sick of the jaundice. Adam. Lonicerus. I (saith the Auth or) have bruised those loops lightly, & bound them in a thin piece of linen, adding thereto wine, or the decoction of whorehound, and being pressed, I give thereof to the sick in the morning, as he lieth in his bed, and this I do for some days together; and for the taste sake, I add a little cinnamon and sugar, and this saith the Author is our experiment.   

N  
Nasturtium, Watercresses: The juice of watercresses drawn up into the nostrils, 
Watercresses.  taketh away the colour of the jaundice. Mesue. The seed of garden cresses, and radish, of either of them a drachm given in wine, is used for a secret against the jaundice.   

OH  
Ouillum stercus, sheep's dung taken with an ounce or an ounce and a half of parsley, 
Sheep's dung.  in broach, cureth the jaundice. Adamus Lonicerus.   

P  
Pastinaca Erratica, or wild pers●●p▪ boiled in wine to the thirds, cureth the jaundice. Paulus.  
Pentaphillon, five leaved grass, three draughts of the juice thereof for some days together doth very quickly cure the jaundice. Dioscorides. The juice of the root of five leaved grass, is effectual against the jaundice. Mesue. The juice of the leaves of five leaved grass, drunk with wine, cureth the jaundice. Petrus Bayrus.  
Pimpinella, Pimpernel condite, 
Pimpernel.  doth help those that have the yellow jaundice. Anton. Fumanel.  
Porrum, Leeks, cureth the jaundice. 
Leeks.  Vitalis de Furno.  
Pulegium, pennyroyal, 
Pennyriol.  the decoction thereof doth cure the jaundice. Mathiolus. Wine of pennyriol is good for them that have the jaundice. Dioscorides.   

Q  
Quer●us, the Oak: 
Oak.  A medicine of the burning coals of the oak, cureth the jaundice.   

R  
Raphanus, the Radish: 
Radish.  one part of the juice of the radish root, with two parts of sweet wine mixed together, or one Ciath of wine, with one Ciath of the juice mixed together, is good for the jaundice. Aetius. Fuchsius. The decoction of radish leaves, is profitable against the obstruction of the liver, and therefore the jaundice. Ant. Mizaldus. The distilled water of the leaves of radish, being drunk is good against the jaundice. Marc. Gatinarius. We saith the Author in divers that are sick of the jaundice do mix the juice of radish with white wine or aqua mulsa, or it hath been tried by itself with great profit giving it for some days together.  
Rosa, the rose: the juice of red roses and chiefly of white roses, 
Roses.  mixed with whey or made into a kind of syrup with sugar, is good against the jaundice. Fernel, water wherein fresh roses be macerated, or a draft of the juice thereof doth cure the jaundice. Antonius Mizaldus. joan. Huerinus.  

Rosemary.  Rosmarinus, rosemary: The seed of rosemary given with wine and pepper, cureth the jaundice. Dioscorides.  
The decoction of rosemary being drunk cureth the jaundise● Galenus.  
Rosemary boiled in water to the thirds, or a drachm thereof given with sweet wine to drink cureth them that have the jaundice. Aetius. Anton. Donatus.  
The Seed of Rosemary given with wine and pepper, and so drunk, bringeth great help to them that have the jaundice. Anton. M●zaldus'.   

S  
Sabina, Savin▪ drunk with honey and wine cureth the jaundice. 
Savin.  Galenus. Adam. Lonicerus.  
Sambucus, the eldern, the oil thereof is good for him that hath the jaundice. 
Elder.  Adolphus Occo.  
Saluia, Sage, the decoction thereof cureth those that have the jaundice. 
Sage.  Q. Apollinarius.  
S●rpillum: Savoury, or wild Thime being boiled in water, 
Savoury  or in sweet wine, and the decoction thereof given to drink, or a drachm of the powder given in wine to them that have the jaundice cureth them. Aetius.   

T  
Tamarinds, 
Tamarinds  the decoction of tamarinds is given to them that have the jaundice. Mathiolus. It cureth them that have the jaundice. Adam. Lonicerus.  
Tormentilla: the juice of the green root, 
Tormentil.  and the juice of the leaves drunk with wine cureth the jaundice in a short time. Adam. Lonicerus.   

V  
Valeriana, Valerian: 
Valerian.  the wine of the decoction of valerian, drunk in the morning, removeth the obstruction of the liver and spleen, and thereby driveth away the jaundice. Weckerus.  
Vermes, 
earth-worms.  earth-worms dried given for three days in new wine, purgeth the jaundice by urine. Fuchsius. earth-worms dried and taken with white wine, cureth the jaundice. Nich. Piso. earth-worms dried remove the yellow jaundice. Auicenna.  
Worms dried in an oven and powdered, and taken with white wine and Sugar, cureth the jaundice. Thomas Erastus.  
Vrina, urine: If a man that hath the jaundice doth drink his own urine for some days together, 
Vrin.  being fasting, it helpeth very much the jaundice. Hermes. Anton. Mizaldus. It is approved to be very available in the jaundice to give every morning, fasting, this potion following: Take the urine of a boy that is found, and not polluted, five ounces, white sugar, half an ounce, mix it and give it to drink, which must be continued for ten days together in the jaundice. Benedict. Victor Faventinus. Take the urine of the patiented, with a radish root bruised and strained, and give thereof to drink Evening & morning, Hieron. Reusnerus.   
FINIS.   

A Catalogue of simple English Medicines, easy to be prepared, against the Dropsy.  

ABsinthium, Wormwood: 
Wormwood.  an excellent medicine against the Dropsy, which we call aquaintercus, and is to be prepared after this manner: take the leaves of wormwood new, let it be sea wormwood, or common, the quantity of a pound, sugar three pounds: be●t it in a stone mortar, and the sugar being well powdered, mix them, and work all well together in the mortar, until it be all one body, then reserve it to your use, half an ounce thereof being taken three hours before supper. Mathiolus. Wormwood cureth the dropsy. Mesue.  
Sea wormwood is a singular remedy in the weakness of the liver, so that by the only use thereof it doth sometimes cure the Dropsy. jacobus Silvius. If one ounce of the juice of wormwood with sugar be drunk for ten days together it doth deliver a man from the dropsy. Gualt. Riffius.  
Allium, Garlic the use thereof is profitable against the dropsy, when it proceedeth of a cold cause, because it doth draw dry, and consumeth the moisture between the skin, Vitalis de Furno.  
The use of garlic, if it be familiar to men of poor estate that have the dropsy, it cureth them. Wierus. Garlic with the lesser centaury boiled in wine and given to drink, is good against the dropsy. Quint. Apollinarius.  

Alumbe.  Alumen, Alum liquid given the quantity of a bean, being dissolved in water and strained, give thereof to drink against the dropsy. Aetius.  
Anagallis, Pimpernel, boiled in wine helpeth them that have the dropsy. Adam. Lonicerus.  
The juice of yellow pimpernil taken by itself or in wine, 
Pimpernil.  is given for the dropsy. Anton. Donatus ab Alto mari.  
Apium. Smallage: The roots of smallage boiled in wine with the roots of parsley, 
Smallage.  and the liquor strained, it is given to drink to them that be hydropical, because it procureth urine.  

Columbine.  Aquilega, Columbine, the root boiled in wine and drunk, doth profit them that have the Dropsy.  

Motherwort.  Artemesia, Motherwort. A certain man gave the distilled water to drink, to them which have the dropsy, and the quantity is two ounces for a time for forty days together.  

Asarabacca.  Asarum: Asarabacca, is good against the dropsy. Dioscorides. So is the wine of Asarum. Idem. Asarum put in M●st or new wine, or boiled with the same, cureth the dropsy. Pet. Bayrus. Asarum purgeth the dropsy Ascites by urine. Anton Fumanellus. The decoction of Asarum drunk, doth only profit, especially if there be a little Cinnamon joined therewith. Leonh. jacchinus.  
Asclepias, Vincitoxicum of some, 
Swallow-wort.  but called truly swallow wort: the decoction of this plant by itself cureth the dropsy: or else take half a pound of the roots thereof, and let it be marerated in white wine for a night, then boil them to the thirds, and give of the straining thereof in the morning fasting, and there will follow sweats by the soles of the feet, whereby the dropsy will avoid, as experience declareth. Mathiolus, Adam. Lonicerus, Alexander Petronius.  
Asphodel, Daffodil, 
Daffodil.  the root thereof drunk in wine helpeth the dropsy. Mathiolus.   

B  
Betonica, Betony, 
Betony.  the leaves and flowers thereof boiled in aqua mulsa, and given hot to drink for some days together, doth help those that have the dropsy, wonderfully. Adam. Lonicerus.  
Brassica marina, or Soldamella, 
Soldanel.  the decoction thereof with rhubarb being drunk, it avoideth the water of those that have the dropsy, so doth the powder thereof with rhubarb and cubebs often given. Mathiolus.  
Bryonia Syluestris, Wild Bryony: 
Bryony.  the roots thereof are very profitable in the dropsy given mixed with sea water and wine: and when they drink it, let them drink two measures at a time. Dioscorides.  
The root of Bryony is some times cut in small pieces, and infused in wine▪ whereof the patiented doth receive a draft in the morning, to which is some times added a little cinnamon and maces, that it may do the less harm. 〈◊〉 Wierus.   

C  

centaury.  Centaurium, centaury, the less: the decoction thereof is used against the dropsy, some give half a drachm thereof in powder, adding thereto anise seeds, and caraway seeds, of either of them half a drachm with wine. Arnoldus de Villa nova. The root o● the greater centaury, is given for the dropsy macerated in wine, as also drunk in powder. Mathiolus.  

Onions.  Cep●●., the Onion: the juice of the onion, with the juice of senel, is given with great profit, in the beginning of the dropsy. Anton. M●zaldus'.  
The juice of onions distilled with tr●acle adding thereunto a little saffron, it cureth the dropsy if there be given every morning daily, the quantity of two drachmas for a time. Nich. Richi●.  
Cuscuta, Dodder, a handful thereof boiled in wine, 
Dodder.  is good against the dropsic. Adamus Lonicerus.   

D  

carrot.  Daveus, the Carrot: the seed is good against the dropsy because it purgeth the warrish humour by urine if one ounce thereof be boiled in half a pint of Rhenish wine, to the consumption of the third part for three doses, and this is an experiment.   

E  
Ebulus, walwort, it driveth forth by the belly, water, of those that have the dropsy, 
walwort.  and sometimes it worketh by vomit: the juice thereof is drawn forth either from the root or from the middle rind being bruised, pouring thereon aqua hordei, or the decoction of reasons, with a little cinnamon, or nutmeg, with sugar, the dose is one ounce. Fernelius.  
Eringium, Eringus, 
Eringus.  the decoction of the roots helpeth the dropsy. Mathiolus.  
Eupatorium: the decoction, 
Liverwor●.  or juice of the common liverwort is profitably given for the dropsy. Mathiolus.   

F  
Fa●ae, beans: of the burnt stalks of beans, there is made Alixivium, or lie, 
beans.  either with white wine or Rhenish wine, the use whereof is against the dropsy, and there is given inward the quantity of three ounces for a time. joannes Hu●rinus.  
Ferrum, Iron: 
Iron.  The water of iron is given for the dropsy, especially if there be hardness of the liver and spleen, or daily obstructions or when the dropsy followeth the laundise, and it must be prepared after this manner: extinguish iron in water, so long as it shall leave behind it a certain taste of the iron and a sharpness thereof; as for example, take common water twelve pints, then quench iron glowing hot in it, and let it be quenched so long till there remain but four pints of this water, mix with wine or other fit water to drink. Alexander Petronius.  
Filix, fern, the decoction of the root, or the juice thereof is an excellent remedy against the dropsy. 
Ferne.  julius Caesar Arantius. But beware of the use thereof in women, because as Dioscorides witnesseth it induceth bariennesse and sterility.   

G  

Broome.  Genista, Broome, doth very much evacuate water, in them that have the dropsy, which is done by Alixivium made in this manner: take one part of Broome ashes, wine three parts, and add thereunto Nutmeg and Cinnamon, both for taste and also for the stomach, give three ounces for a time. joan. Huerinus   

H  
Helenium, enula campane, the roots being bruised and the juice expressed, 
elecampane  and mixed with honey and so taken for eleven days the Moon decreasing: the quantity to be taken, is the quantity of a Chestnut, morning. Wal●herus Riffius.  
Hypericon, Saint john's wort, one drachm of the seeds in wine, is profitably given for the dropsy. Anton. Donatus ab Alto mari. Saint john's wort with garlic boiled in wine, and the wine drunk, it purgeth water by urine exceedingly; this is an experiment.   

I  
juniperus, juniper: 
juniper●  Three handfuls of juniper berries, boiled in pure wine to the half, let it be strained, and give thereof six ounces hot, and it provoketh sweated, and this must be continued for some days together. Martinus Rulandus.  
Alixiutum framed of the ashes of juniper, and wine, and so drawn through an hippocras bag, and and so often infused, and so drawn. joan. Wierus. A lie made of juniper ashes, and white wine, the quantity of four or five ounces, doth exceedingly purge by urine, so that many hydropical bodies, have been cured by this only remedy. Mathiolus.   

L  
Laurus, the Bay: we use bay berries with honey, in the form of a Cataplasm, to the swollen testicles. 
Bay.   
Lumbrici terrestres, earth-worms: 
Earthworms.  it is given with profit, boiled in broth, or some other convenient liquor, against the dropsy, Anasarca. Gasparus Hoffmannus.   

M  
Maiorana, Marjoram, 
Marjoram.  boiled in wine and drunk in the beginning of the dropsy, cureth it. Nichol. Spindlerus.  
Marrubium, Horehound, the decoction thereof with wine, is marvelous against the Dropsy. Mathiolus.   

P  
Paracentesis: is the last remedy in the dropsy, and is not to be used without urgent necessity; but the belly being once well, and orderly opened, it worketh great effect, 
Opening of the belly.  for the water is thereby evacuated, which cannot otherwise be carried from that region, neither is that Apertion so dangerous, if it be rightly done. For we often see, some that are wounded in the belly to recover, so that the small guts be not wounded; beside, it is profitable to them to whom an eruption happeneth by chance through the navel, for thereby the water is avoided, and they are cured. But nevertheless, this kind of cure is not to be assayed in those whose faculty of the liver is dead, and that cannot engender good blood: or in those that have a Schirthus of the liver or spleen confirmed, or in those that have this disease bred from an ulcer of the lungs: for experience doth teach us, that all those do die with this remedy, neither must this remedy be tried, in very old or weak men. But indeed all the time of the cure, we must study to strengthen the liver and bowels, as much as may be. joh. Wierus.  
This cure which we call paracentesis, is not fit for any kinds of the dropsies, but that which we call Ascites. Paulus. Hypocrates doth commend paracentesis in the dropsy. Galenus.  
And all other Physicians▪ when they have tried other remedies without profit, so that the sick be young and strong and other things thereto agreeing. Nevertheless, the water must not be avoided all together, but by little and little for some days together, by degrees, according to the Aphorism of Hippoc. In which he counseleth to avoid all speedy evacuation. And how the incision must be made, Paulus, and Aetius, and many others do teach us.   

Q  
Quercus, the Oak: the tender leaves or rather buds of the Oak are infused by some in wine, 
Oak.  & of this wine we must give for some days together to those that have the Dropsy. This is an experiment. A bath made of the leaves of the Oak in the fall of the leaf, or in Autumn, doth cure the dropsy.  
A water distilled of the buds or tender leaves of the Oak and drunk, doth help the dropsy. joh. Huernius.   

R  
Raphanus, the Radish: 
Radish.  The use of the Radish is commended in the dropsy, because it hath power to purge by urine.  
Ricinus, or Palma Christi, 
Palma Christi.  purgeth the water in the dropsy by vomit and stool. There is given five grains, or at the most eight, in the decoction of Fenell and Raisins, adding a little Sugar and Cinnamon. Also the grains whole in Sugar melted, and wrapped in honey, and so swallowed, gently purgeth water with little or no offence of the stomach. Fernelius.  
Rosae pallidae, whiteroses, or damask, 
Whiteroses.  the juice thereof doth evacuate yellow water in the dropsy. Fernelius. But because they provoke the menstrues, we must take heed how we give it to women with child. Io. Hernius.  

Rue.  Ruta, Rue: the decoction thereof taken for many days together, is reported to cure the dropsy Timpanites. Anton. Fumanellus.   

S  
Sambucus, the Elder: the juice of the root of the elder, 
Elder.  being drunk in wine the weight of two ounces, driveth out water. Paulus. The root of the elder boiled in wine, and given in meat, helpeth those that have the dropsy.  
The common sort are wont to prepare this following decoction against the dropsy: They take two handfuls of the inward rind of the elder tree with a pint and a half of Rhenish wine, and they suffer it to boil to a pint, than they aromatise the straining with a drachm of cinnamon, and give it to drink.   

T  
Tormentilla: a water distilled of the herb and roots of Tormentil, 
tormentil.  it cureth the dropsy, if it be continued and drunk for nine days together. Gesnerus. For it doth mightily procure urine.   

V  
Valeriana, Valerian. 
Valerian.  A certain man boileth the roots in wine against the dropsy, and doth give the decoction to drink: this is an experiment.  
Vitriolum, Vitriol: Some there are that do give certain drops of the oil of Vitriol, 
Vitrol.  to those that have the dropsy, and is given in a draft or cyath of wine, and is a great secret. joan. Wierus.  
Vrtica, the Nettle, the seed thereof cleansed and mixed with honey is given against the dropsy, 
A Nettle.  Asci●s.   
FINIS.   

A Catalogue of English Medicines, against the stone of the kidneys, and bladder; written alphabetically for the case of those that shall have occ●sion to use them.  


Sothernwood.  A Brotanum, Sothernwood: the seed thereof doth break the stone, if i● be given with pepper ●nd white wine. The decoction of Sothernwood made with Smallage, and sugar, and so drunk, breaketh and expelleth the sto●e of the kidneys, and bladder. Q. Apollinaris▪ in libello German.  
Adiantes, Maidenhair: the decoction thereof doth break the stones. 
Maidenhair  Dioscorides, and Mesue. All maidenhair doth very much purge the reins, so that it is supposed to diminish the stone. Fernelius. It doth diminish the stone both of the kidnie, and of the bladder, if it be drunk▪ Paulus. The decoction breaketh the stone, and bring once broken, with often use it doth wonderfully expel it. Anton. Fumanellus.   

B  
Betony breaketh the Stone in the reins. 
Betony.  Mathiolus. Betony with Mulsa and Pepper given to drink, sendeth forth the stone of the kidneys and bladder. P. Hispanus. One handful of Betony, with three measures of water boiled to the thirds, or Betony water distilled, breaketh the gravel and stone. Georgius Pictorius.   

C  
Carduus benedictus, the leaves thereof being boiled in wine, and drunk hot, breaketh the stone. 
Carduus.  Adam. Lonicerus. Baths and incessions to sweated in▪ framed of Carduus benedictus, are profitable against the Stone. Idem. Carduus benedictus breaketh the stone. Fuchsius. The roots of your vulgar Carduus benedictus being new taken out of the ground, or dry, being boiled in pure White-wine, are given to them that have the stone: but we must give a good draft at a time. Aetius.  
Cepa▪ the Onion; 
Onion.  The distilled water of the white onion breaketh the Stone. Marianus Sanctus. When the stone causeth great pain and intolerable, take two or three Onions, and let them be cut very small, and make them very hot upon a tilestone, then sprinkle them with white wine, and let it be applied pla●●er-wise upon the reins, or upon the perinaeon. Ges●erus.  
Citri●m, the Orange; 
Orange.  being cut into small pieces or parts, let it be boiled in a hen's belly, the bowels taken out, let the patiented drink of the broth thereof for twelve days in the morning, after the use of turpentine in the stone of the reins. Nich. Piso. The oil of the grains of the citrou, drunk or anointed, driveth out the stone of the kidneys, and bladder: Adolphus Occo.   

D  

carrot.  Daucus, the yellow Carrot, first the seed and after the root, doth vehemently expel urine, and exclude the stone. Fernelius. The carrot root, and the seed●, howsoever taken, cureth the stone of the kidneys, the same virtue hath the distilled water. Adam. Lonicerus.   

E  

Walwort.  Ebulus, walwort: the leaves thereof stamped driveth out the stone. Plinius. The same herb boiled in water for a bath▪ after the boiling of the herb, put the herbs into a bag, and so apply them hot to the bottom of the belly, for the stone of the bladder; and upon the reine●, for the stone of the kidneys Hieronimus Braunsweig in libello germanico.   

F  

Fenel.  Foeniculi semina, Fenel seeds▪ decocted and boiled in wine▪ cureth the stone▪ Adam. Lonicerus. The root and seed of fenel, doth break the stone. Galenus. Wild fenel called hyppomarathrum, breaketh the stone of the bladder.  
Fraga, Strawberries, being very ripe, put them into a glass of hot water for 40. hours space, 
Strawberries.  then strain them, and again put in fresh strawberries into the same hot water, and so leave it very well covered and stopped, that no breath go forth the first strawberries, after a strong expression through a linen cloth, keep the liquor by itself: when any man will use it, he must take three or four spoonfuls, in a month, taking a spoonful in the morning, adding thereto a little powder of sugar-candy: this is a most grateful and acceptable medicine, and an effectual remedy against the stone, which some that have been tormented therewith, above more than twenty years, hath commended above all other remedies, but the patient must be careful of his diet, that he avoid such meat as may engender gross and viscous humours. The Author hereof is Gesuerus.  
The distilled water of ripe strawberries drunk, is very good against the stone. Petrus Pena.   

G  
Genista, Broome: the seed of broom doth chiefly diminish the stones of the kidneys & bladder. 
Broom seeds  Pernelius.  
The seed of broom doth mundify and cleanse the reins, and doth not suffer any thing that may be converted to the stone, to rest there: it breaketh the stone of the reins, and bladder, the Dose is two or three drachmas with mel rosarum with roses and Mastic, because it hurteth the stomach▪ Pet. Bayrus.  

Grasse-rootes.  Graminis radices, being boiled in drink, doth diminish the stony excrements of the bladder. Dioscor.  
Take the roots of Gramen three ounces, make a decoction with Aqua Mulsa, despumated to on● pint, and let it be aromatized with Cinnamon, or the like. Io. Huernius.   

H  
Hircinus sanguis, goats blood of a young Goat strangled, 
Goates-bloud.  about the time that grapes grow ripe, excludeth the Stone. We must receive the middlemost blood, and cast away the first and the last: we must receive it in an earthen vessel glazed and set in the sun, being stopped with a piece of linen, that by the heat of the sun the virtue may not vanish away. Let it be dried and faithfully reserved for your use. And when you will use it, take half a drachm of the powder, with some White-wine or Malmsey. Hollerius ex Aetio. You shall observe that the blood will be more effectual if the Goat be nourished before with Diuretics Ant. Valetius.  

Hyssop.  Hyssopus, Hyssop; to stir up the stone of the kidneys is a very easy and familiar remedy; which may appear by the syrup of Hyssop, with a double or 3 ᵈ part of parietary water: with which remedy, given in the winter fasting for ten or twelve days tog●●ther, it sendeth forth stones and sand from the bandies of many men. Anto. Mizaldus.   

I  
Imperatoria, Pellitory, The root, 
Pellitory of Spain.  seed & leaves boiled in wine, avoideth the stone of the kidneys & bladder. Adam Lonicerus.  
juniper berries scoureth and cleanseth the kidneys from S●nd and sl●me. Fernelius. 
juniper.   
The Duke of Witenberg▪ taught Doctor Luther a present remedy against the stone, viz. That he should take an earthen pot glazed, and fill it half full with fresh juniper berries, which shall be afterwards filled up with wine and water, wherein shall be boiled the juniper berries to the consumption of the third part, & of this potion let him take a draft or two, then shall he feel ease, and after feel the stone to avoid. Io. Manlius.   

L  
Ligusticum, Lovage, 
Lovage.  in baths and incessions helpeth the Stone. Adam. Lonicerus. The wine boiled in wine, driveth out the stone. Idem.  
Limonum succus, 
Lemons.  the juice of Lemons is very much commended against the stone. Hollerius. The distilled water of Lemons, or two ounces of the juice, with three ounces of the decoction of Radish, driveth out the stone. Anto. Fumanellus. Take an ounce of the unripe juice thereof, with three ounces of Malmsy, mix them, and give all to the patiented. B. Victor Faventinus.   

M  
Marrubium. Whorehound; 
Whorehound.  One gave the juice thereof with good success in the suppression of the urine: or th● powder may be given in white-wine.  
Mel, honey, is good for those that have the stone, and it is taken to hinder the increase. 
Hony.  Simeon Sethi. And to stop the increase of the stone, take 2. pints of fresh honey, and one pound of Venice turpentine, let it be distilled, and take the water thereof, and drink thereof an ounce for a time: this is an experiment.   

N  
Nuces, Nuts: filbert nuts, with their inward rinds, 
filberts.  or membranes, eaten daily at the beginning of dinner and supper, do remove the matter of the stone from the kidneys: but it is doubtful by what property they work, whether it be found in its direness, or in the inward skin▪ but some do affirm it to be in the oily part. Amatus Lusitanus. Avicen doth number those filberts amongst the medicines, that do take away the matter of the stone: and some do commend the shells of filberts against the stone. Hollerius. A medicine to be prepared, approved against the stone in children; Take seven filberts new and green, beaten them with their outward rinds, and take a handful of leeks unwashed, & draw the juice from them both, & strain them, and mix them both together, and give 〈◊〉 the child seven days together▪ and when the chil● goeth to sleep, anoint his yard, and testicles, 〈◊〉 the whole perinaeum with oil of Been hot, or wit● old oil. Petrus Bayrus.   

OH  
Ouorum Cortices, Eggeshels, from whence chickens have been hatched, being beaten to powder, 
eggshells.  take two drachms with the juice of parietary, and it driveth forth the stone. Anton. Fumanellus.   

P  
Paeonia, the Pionyes, 
Peony.  are good against the stone of the kidneys: and if there be stopping of urine, through the greatness of the stones the herb drunk with mu●sa, is an excellent remedy. The root thereof is given the quantity of two or three scruples▪ Alxander Trallianus The grains thereof drunk, break the stone in children. Dioscorides.  
Pimpinella, Pimpernil cond●●e, 
Pimpernil.  helpeth them that have the stone: the root there of is good against the stone of the kidneys. Mathiolus.   

R  
Raphanus, the Radish, 
Radish.  helpeth those that have the Nephretic● passion through the stone, especially if a man boil the outward part thereof with white wine and water, or bru●ed and strained, and so drunk in the morning fasting, and so continued for certain days together. Anton. Mizaldus.  
There is also Acetum Raphanatum to be framed against the Stone, to consume them of the kidneys, and deturbe them in general, and is made after this manner following. Take Radish roots dried and brought into powder, then pour it into a u●ssel that hath wine in it, & mix▪ them, and so let it rest for some days; and so have you the Acetum raphanatum prepared, which is very profitable against the Stone. Idem. For the Nephretick proceeding from the stone, and for the colic coming through winds, Take the rides of very sharp Radish an ounce, 2 drachmas of the stones of Medlars or open arses, stamp them well, and macerate them for eight hours in four ounces of white-wine, then strain it, and give it a little warm at the entrance into bed, & in the morning when he riseth, and ●o repeat the drink again if need be. The doss may be diminished or increased for the state of the body and age. Alexander Petronius.   

S  
Saluia, Sage, I have proved that he which doth use to eat Sage in the morning, 
Sage.  eating two or three tops bruised with white-wine in the form of an electuary, hath been preserved from the stone. Valescus de Tharanta.  

Saxifrage.  Saxifraga, Saxifrage, doth diminish the stones of the kidneys and bladder. The herb and root being boiled in white-wine, breaketh and driveth out 〈◊〉 stone of the kidneys and bladder. Nevertheless, 〈◊〉 is more effectual, if we give a drachm of the dried powder in a draft of white-wine. Mathiolus.  
Serpillum, savoury. The seed of either of the Saveries drunk in wine, the quantity of half an ounce, 
Savoury.  expelleth the Stone. Petrus Bayrus.   

V  
Verbenaca, verum, 
Verum.  The root thereof bruised and given in Mulsa lukewarm, doth exceedingly help those that have the Stone▪ Anto. Fumanellus.  
The juice of the root and herb Verum or the decoction, helpeth those that have the Stone. Qu. apol. The distilled water thereof being drunk, hath the same virtue. Idem.  
Vrtica, the Nettle is of that abstersive faculty, that it doth very much cleanse the reins, 
The nettle.  and is exceeding good against the Stone. Fernelius.  
The seed of Nettles drunk with wine, avoideth the stone of the kidneys. Christoph. Wirsung. For a precaution of the Stone new nettles are very good. Idem.  
Honoratus Castellanus doth chiefly approve the decoction of the nettle being new, for a preservative against the stone, especially from the beginning of the Spring until May. The decoction of the nettle and the juice breaketh the Stone. Plinius.  
The distilled water bring drunk is commended against the Stone. Michael Schrick. The root of the dead nettle boiled in wine, and drunk, is commended against the Stone. Q. Apollinarius.   
FINIS.   

A Catalogue of English Medicines, against the Epilepsy, or Falling sickness.  

AIuga, Chamaepiteos: the decoction of the whole plant, 
Chamaepiteos.  if it be given for many days together with rhodomel or oxymel, is good against the falling sickness. Mathiolus.  

Pimpernel,  Anagallis, Pimpernel: the flowers of read pimpernel, hath a proppertie against the falling sickness. So hath the juice thereof with honey. Hollerius by the authority of Apuleus, hangeth the read flowers of pimpernel, to defend from the falling sickness. joan Wierus.  

Angellica.  Angellica two or three spoonfuls of the water of Angellica, is given in the ●itte of the falling sickness, we must macerate in the best wine Angellica, for two or three days together, and mix it with lavender, water a like portion. Euonimus.  
Aper, the Boar: the bladder with the urine of the boar, 
Boar.  being baked in an oven, or any ways dried, and brought to powder, and the quantity of a bean thereof given in an ounce of Oxymel in the morning, is approved against the falling sickness; as witnesseth Alexander, who saw a man in three days perfectly cured. Mesue.  
Asinus, the Ass: The hoof of an Ass, 
Ass.  being made into powder, and two spoonfuls drunk for many days together, cureth the falling sickness. Dioscorides. The Ass hoof burnt, cureth the falling sickness; and also the weight of two drachms of the powder burnt, is very available against the falling sickness. Arnoldus de Villa nova.   

B  
Betonica, Betony: 
Betony.  A drachm of Betony in water, cureth the falling sickness. Dioscorides. Lonicerus. Betony is good for them that have the falling sickness; as witnesseth Galenus.  
The seed, of Betony drunk with aqua mellis, or with vinegar of Squils', doth avail much. Hugo Semensis.  
Bryonia, White vine: the root thereof taken, 
White vine.  the quantity of a drachm daily for a whole year, is given against the falling sickness. Dioscorides.   

C  
Canis, the Dog. Feed a white dog tied up for 14. days together with bones only, and the fifteenth day take a spoonful of the dung burnt, and give it fifteen days together, against the falling-sickness. Alexander Trallianus.  
Chamaedris, Germander, is very good against the falling sickness. 
Germander  Mathiolus. Take Germander in May, as much as you please, let it be dried in the shadow and reduced into powder: then when you will use it, take one or two yolks of eggs, and a spoonful of the said powder, with which being well mixed and cocted, let it be given to the sick to eat for eight days together, morning and evening, but in the mean time, let him abstain from venery, salads, beans and peason, and other meat, that breeds ill juice and vicious: and this is a most noble secret and a good one. Alexis Pedemontanus.  

chicory.  Cichorium, chicory. Some give the syrup of chicory day and night to infants to lick thereof. chicory of its own property, is supposed to be an enemy against the falling sickness. Nicholaus Piso.  

Heart's horn  Cornu Ceruinum▪ Harts horn, powdered & drunk with wine, cureth those that have the falling sickness. Pet. Hyspan. Heart's horn taken with wine is very effectual. Silvius.  
The fume of heart's horn burnt, doth recreate those that are in the falling sickness. Adamus Lonicerus.  
Cranium hominis, a man's skull: we find that by a natural property the skull of a man, 
Man's cull.  is good against the falling sickness. Gerardus hath this secret, and he himself doth give it against the falling-sickness, and they are delivered, and so they take a man's skull for a man, and of a woman for a woman, the skull must be burnt until it be very white, and then powdered, and being drunk daily, it cureth the falling sickness. Gerardus a solo et Gal. Simpl. de ossibus lib. 11.  
A medicine used against the falling sickness by Christian the third King of Denmark: Take the skull of a man, especially of a thief hanged, that died of no disease; broil this upon a gridiron, and then reduce it into powder, then take three grains of peony, with one drachm of the said powder and a spoonful of lavender water, and give it to the patiented early in the morning, also three days after do the same, and take the powder fasting, and for three days let him keep himself at home, with a small quantity of meat and drink, and such as is pure and easy of digestion, as new laid eggs: and it will not be amiss, that the sick every day in the morning, take down a spoonful of lavender-water. Henri●. Rausovius. Against the falling-sickness the powder of a man's skull is approved, and especially the oil distilled of a skull, doth very much help. Vide Ossa humana.   

E  
Enula campana: 
Elecampane  of its whole property Enula campane is good against the falling sickness. Hollerius.  
Equus, the horse: the horse hoof being burnt is good to cure the falling sickness. Bayrus.  
Eringium, the roots of Eringus being drunk with Hydromel, cureth the falling sickness. 
Eringus.  Dioscorides.   

F  

Filipendula.  Filipendula▪ is very good to be used against the falling sickness. Bayrus. The powder of the root mixed with the meat, is good against the falling sickness. Mathiolus.  
Filipendula, is a remedy against the falling sickness: the powder thereof used in meat, is good for that purpose. Hortus Sanitatis.   

G  
Gagates, jet, drunk and smelled unto, is good against the falling sickness. 
jet.  Rosa anglica, the ●eate stone burned, and the fume taken, doth raise them up that are in the falling sickness. Cardanus.  
The oil of jet is most healthful for those that are troubled with the falling sickness. Euonimus.   

H  
Hyssopus, Hyssop: the syrup of Hyssop, is very available in the falling sickness, 
Hyssop.  and so is the decoction of the said herb▪ john. Agricola.  
The decoction of the said herb with Oxymel Squilliticum, doth also profit against the falling sickness. I Heurnius. Galen in his experiments witnesseth, that he cured those that had the falling sickness with the decoction of Hyssop, Asaruin and both the Aristolochia●. Bayrus affirmeth that Alexander cured many with the only decoction of Hyssop, but sometimes he gave it with Oxymel of Squils'. Hieronimus Cappivauius.  
Hypericon. I he decoction of Hypericon when it flowreth, is chiefly preferred by some against the falling sickness, if it be drunk. Mathiolus.  
Hypericon, is said to cure the Apoplexy, and the falling sickness▪ jodac. Harchius. 
Saint john's wort.   
The distilled water of Hypericon, is given to them that have the falling sickness. Adam. Lonicerus.  
Manardus doth very much commend the distilled water of the roots of Hypericon while it flowreth. joan. Manardus.   

L  
Lilium Conuallium: 
Lilly.  An aqua vitae distilled of the flowers of Lilium Conuallium, by Balneum Mariae, after this manner, is exceedingly commended against the falling sickness. And is after this manner.  
Rec. Vini Cretici lib. xuj.  
Flores Lilium Conuallium. lib. iiij. Mix them in a glass body, and let them so remain in the Sun for nine days together; and then distill it: afterwards, take all the said distilled water, flowers of green lavender lib. i. mix them and let it stand again for nine days in the sun as before, then distill it according to art by Balneum Mariae, and thereof is wont to be given three or four drops to the sick, even in the very fit. Apollonius Menabenius.   

M  
Marrubium, Whorehound: 
Whorehound.  Let him drink three spoonfuls of the juice of Whorehound, and so much of honey for one time, and it shall cure him. Petr. Hisp.   

M  

Balm.  Melissa, Balm, let it be put in wine to distill, and thereof give a spoonful with a little of the best treacle fasting, and it will perfectly cure the falling-sickness. Euonimus.  

Melissa.  Melissa, bruised and macerated in wine for a night, let them drink of that water distilled every day, or let it be contained in the mouth, they say it cureth the Apoplexy, and also the falling sickness. Remaclus.   

OH  
Ossa humana, the bones of a man: some have given the bones of a man burnt, 
Bones of a man.  and have cured the falling sickness and joynt-ache, so that the sick was ignorant, that they were the bones of a man, lest the sick should abhor it, by this remedy many have been cured. Galenus.  
The bones of a man being burnt, hath a natural property against the Epilepsy. Weckerus.  
Oxalis, sorrel, is given from the first of the new Moon, 
Sorrel.  for thirty. days together being green, and is good against the falling sickness. Symphorinus Campeius.   

P  

Peony.  Peonia, Peony: The root and seeds of Pyonie according to every administration, is a very great medicine against the falling sickness; for if we give every day thereof, from two drachm● to four, with aqua mellis and Hyssopi, or with Oxymel, it is exceeding good against the falling sickness. Peonia hung about the neck of children cureth the falling-sickness; But that is found most true of the male Peony. The male Peony that is sweet, doth wonderfully refresh and comfort the brain, and cureth the falling sickness. Fernelius.  
Palma Christi, or Recinus: one drachm of the powder of the seed being drunk with wine, 
Palma Christi.  cureth the falling sickness. The same thing doth the decoction of the root in wine long mixed, which must be given to drink as well at dinner as at supper. Mathiolus.  
Passer, the Sparrow: the brain and flesh of sparrows, according to Gerardus Cremonensis, is very good against the falling sickness. Valescus. A●tuarius doth affirm that the brains of sparrows of the fields, have a great property against the falling-sickness. Actuarius.   

Q  
Quinquefolium, Five leaved grass: 
Five leave grass.  the leaves thereof being, drunk thirty days do much profit. Dioscorides. Five leaved grass drunk with wine, for the space of thirty days, cureth the falling sickness. Auicenna, Arculanus. Five leaved grass drunk for thirty three days doth perfectly cure. P. Hispanus.  
The leaves of five leaved grass a drachm thereof being daily drunk cureth the Epilepsia. Altomarus. The leaves of five leaved grass being drunk with wine, is available against the falling-sickness. Hortus Sanitatis.   

R  
Rosmarinus, Rosemary: the seed thereof doth help the falling sickness. 
Rosemary.  Dioscorides. Rosmary with a little Fenell, is also commended by Serap●on. joan. Bapt. Theodosius.  
Rostrum Porcinum, Wild Endive: the distilled water thereof, 
Wild Endive.  especially if it be macerated in wine for some days, it doth profit very much in the falling sickness, both in children and others. Gesnerus. Vide Hieracium.  
Ruta Silvestris, Wild Rue, is good for them that have the falling sickness. 
Wild Rue.  Dioscorides.  
Wild Rue being beaten or stamped and cast into the nostrils doth help in the sit: the same doth the powder thereof, and if we cannot get the herb fresh, for want thereof we may use the common garden rue, and the juice thereof. Valescus. If the powder of dried Rue be snuffed into the nostrils at the hour of the sit, he that is sick will presently arise out of the sit. Bertrusius.   

S  

Sage.  Saluia, Sage, is good against the falling sickness. Mathiolus. Sage is convenient for those that have the falling sickness. joan. Bapt. Theodosius. Wine of the decoction of Sage is also good against the falling sickness. Platcarius. By what manner soever wine of Sage is prepared, whether it be by decoction of the plant or by hanging thereof in a bag it is of marvelous use and power against the falling-sickness, which groweth by fault of the stomach, or the mother, by the sympathy and consent of the parts. Mizaldus.  
Sinapi, mustard-seed being beaten and applied to the nostrils, helpeth the falling sickness: 
mustard-seed.  mustard-seed being snuffed into the nostrils causeth to sneeses, and doth raise him up that hath the falling-sickness. Bayrus.  
A certain Physician doth use to put into the mouth of him that hath the falling sickness mustard, whereby he is presently raised up & much phlegm is forthwith avoided out of his mouth. Nostrum.    

A Collection of Medicines against Venom, and the Pestilence, easy to be had, and growing within our English Climate.  
ABrotanum, Sothernwood, 
Sothernwood.  a drachm of the seeds thereof with some of the leaves, being macerated in white-wine, adding thereunto a walnut, & bowl Armoniac, and then strained and drunk, it hath a marvelous force against poison, and the pestilence. Ant. Mizaldus.  
Absinthium: 
Wormwood.  The powder of the leaves of wormwood eaten in the morning, openeth the liver that is obstructed, hindereth putrefaction increasing in the stomach, and is a most effectual preservative in the pestilence. joan. Vochs de Colonia. Green wormwood with salt eaten in the time of the pestilence, or the water thereof, is drunk for a preservative.  
Acetosa, sorrel, is commended by Marsil. Ficinus in his sixt Chap. of Epidinial diseases, 
Sorrel.  saying that sorrel hath a marvelous force against the pestilence: if it be macerated in vinigar, & taken in the morning it is an approved remedy: neither shall it be amiss to report, what Ant. Guainerius hath written hereof, as touching the pestilence: Sorrel saith he, hath an excellent virtue against the pestilence, as I have understood by a certain faithful friend, which was sick of the same, which never changed place, but received help only by that plant, whereof he received every day a bolus before dinner & supper, & gave to every one of his household in like manner, and if there wanted green sorrel, he took the dried powder thereof in white-wine, and with all he sometimes used the pills of Rufus against the pestilence, whereby he preserved himself and his whole household from infection. 
pil. communes.  Ant. Mizald. in horto medico.  

Pimpernel.  Anagallis, Pimpernel, both kinds of them are marvelous against the pestilence being boiled in wine, or so used that the patient may drink half a draft, and then be well covered in his bed that he may sweat, and so shall all the venom be thereby expelled, Hieron. Trag. lib. 1. Historiae, plantarum.  
Angelica, the root thereof is a singular remedy against poison, and against the pestilence: a piece of the root held in the mouth or chewed, it driveth away the pestilent air.  
Angelica is an enemy against poison, and cureth pestilent diseases if it be used in time, a dram of the powder thereof is given in a draft of white wine; but if the patiented have a vehement fever, with the distilled water of Carduus benedictus, or of tormentil, with a small quantity of vinegar, and sometimes alone, or with treacle of Andromachus.  
Aron, Cuckopinte, the root thereof taken in meat, is very wholesome in time of pestilence. 
Cuckopinte  Author est Plinius lib. 24. Cap. 16. The root is best that hath spotted leaves, whether it be dry or fresh bruised, and there must be a drachm weight thereof at the lest taken, and it is a present remedy against venom and the pestilence. Some join thereunto as much treacle of Venice. A spoonful or more of the juice expressed, of the herb being drunk, hath the same faculty, and if to the same a little vinegar be admixte, it causeth less biting of the tongue. Tragus. lib. 2. Histor. Plant. et Tarq. Schneleberg. Tract. de 20. Herbis pestilentiae veneno adversantibus.  
Arthemesia, Mugwort, 
Mugwort.  is very much commended against the pestilence by diverse well learned. They take a bundle of Mugwort, and burn it unto ashes, and with four pints of running water they make a lixivium, which must be put into anolde pot close stopped, and set it over the fire that it may boil to the consumption of the liquor, that which resteth in the bottom like salt make trochisks of, of the weight of a scruple, or half a drachm: dissolve one or two of those trochisks, according to the strength of the sick in three ounces of the best Malmsie, & let him drink it, and after he hath drunk let him walk half an hours space, then let him go to bed and sweat there two or three hours, then shall he vomit and go to stool as though he had taken Antimony; in this manner for the most part, all that have taken it in due time, before the venom hath gotten to the heart, have been delivered: this experiment is of Ambrose Pareus, which he practised in Paris.  
Betonica, Betony: the leaves powdered and mixed with sugar in the form of a dredge, 
Betony.  and used the weight of half a drachm or a drachm, or the fresh leaves eaten in the morning, is a great preservative. Gasperus Reglerus. If the leaves be carried about the body they profit much. Manarclus. Betony doth marvelously avail against the putrefaction of the air, and resisteth venom. Savonar●lae.  
He that will preserve himself from the contagion of the pestilent air, ●et him take in the morning fasting, the powder of Betony with wine, or the distilled water of Betony: it is tried and approved by many testimonies, and especially by joannes Pistorius observed in his experiments. Tarq. Schnellebergius. betony is good against the pestilence, and every venom. If a man in time of pestilence, do take the powder of the leaves of Betony often with wine, he shall purge the poison of the pestilence by urine. Henr. Dobbin.  
Bistorta, Snake-weede, the root being reduced into powder, 
Snake-weed  and a drachm thereof taken i● drink, doth resist the pestilent venom, and expelleth the same through sweats. The same virtue hath the distilled water: and the decoction of the root in wine, is good for the same. Tragus lib. 1. Histor. Plant. Brunswicencis giveth an ounce of the water in the Morning. Bruns.  
Butirum▪ Butter, in the time of the pestilence, it is a good preservative for the household to eat in the morning a tossed and butter. Gasparus Reglerus. 
Butter.  Some there are that take butter for a preservative in the beginning of their meat. Anton. S●eberge●us.  
Calendula, Marigold, 
Marigold.  doth comfort and strengthen the heart, and withstandeth poison, and is good to be taken any way against the pestilence. Fuchsius. Alexand. Benedict. telleth that he hath proved by his own experience, that if from the beginning of a pestilent ●ever, the patiented drink two ounces of the juice or three at the most, and then afterwards be well covered with clotheses to sweated, he shall be delivered from the same, Symphor. Campegius. The distilled water of Marigolds, doth resist the pestilence, and venom: jodothus Harchius.  
Carduus benedictus, the blessed Thistle: 
The blessed Thistle.  the powder of the leaves ministered the quantity of half a drachm, is very good against the pestilence, especially if it be received within twenty four hours after the sickness is taken, so that the patiented sweat upon the same: the like virtue hath the wine wherein the herb hath been sodden. The Italians make great account of this herb, especially against the pestilence. Mathiolus. The powder of the leaves as much as will go into a walnut shell, being drunk with wine, is a great preservative against the pestilence. The same virtue hath the leaves boiled in wine and drunk. Tragus lib. 2. Histor. Plant. et Adam. Lonicerus.  

Onion.  Cepa, the Onion: some give the juice of white onions with vinegar. Ma●sil. in epid. Cap. 9 an onion with milk or butter being eaten, is very good in this disease of the pestilence. Ant. Guainer. de pest diff. 2. Cap. 3. There are some labouring men that before they go forth in the morning, are used to eat a raw onion with salt & bread instead of treacle, against the infectious air, persuading themselves that then they were safe for that day, that used this remedy: neither did their hope fa●le them, for it appeared by experience, that as there was nothing more common, so there was nothing more effectual against the distemperature of the air, for this is as good as a treacle. Trag. lib. 2. Histo. plantarum. Avicen showeth that he which eateth a raw onion betimes in the morning fasting with milk, shall be all that day preserved from Epidemial diseases.  
Celidonsum, Celendine: the water of the greater Celendine, 
Celendine.  driveth away venom from the heart by sweat, therefore it is good in the pestilence. Ant. Famanellus.  
Cichoria, chicory, Mars. Fie. in epid. Cap. 6. the wa-of chicory is drunk against the pestilence. 
Cicoree.  F. Lym. in historia aquarum. The weight of an ounce, or half an ounce at a time. Brunswe.  

doves dung  Col●mbarum stercus, doves dung: it is holden that a sum made thereof is good to deliver him that is infected, & to provoke vomit. Ant. Snelbergerus.  

Comfry.  Consolida maior, the greater Comfry: they say there are five herbs, very conveniet in this case to be used both innards & outwards, which do resist venom, and are is it were temperate, that is to say, Consolida maior, Scabiosa, Agrimonia, Britanica. Aristolochia, Mars. Ficinus in epidem. cap. 15. useth these words, Some say that Consolida being bruised between two stones, cureth the Anthrax and Carbuncle by divine miracle. joan. de Vigo. These three plants are commended by all learned Physicians, to be applied upon the Anthrax or Carbuncle, Morsus Diaboli, Scabiosa, and Consolida maier, if they may be had fresh: bruise the Scabios and Consolida with a little salt, and fresh pork-larde, and let it be applied hot, and remain for a day natural, in the form of an Emplaster. Learned Chirurgeons do teach, that these plants do marvelously resist the Carbuncle, also if Comfry bruised between two stones be applied. joan. Crato.  
Cornu ceruinum, Heart's horn: 
Heart's horn.  Some use the shavings of Heart's horn, or the bone found in the heart of the Hart, for they hold opinion, that it strengtheneth the heart and preserveth from poison. Anton. Fumanellus. That same bone found in the heart is exceeding precious against every venom, & is mixed with every Antidote that is prepared against venom. Mathiolus. The first head or horn of the Hart, is thought marvelously to resist venom, no less than doth the unicorns horn: the bone of of the heart is very available against venom and the pestilence, for so witnesseth Andernacus.  
The powder of the Heart's horn being often taken, doth preserve from the pestilence: the often drinking in a cup wherein is heart's horn, is a greater help in the pestilence than any other medicine. joan. Crato.  
FINIS.   

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