BROWNE his fifty years' practice.  
Or an exact Discourse concerning Snafflle-riding, for Trotting and Ambling of all manner of Horses whatsoever, from one degree to another, till they be perfect both for the Trot and Amble. A Subject, never as yet published by any heretofore.  
By WILLIAM BROWNE Gent.  
Printed by NICCHOLAS OKES, and 〈…〉   

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE, AND MOST NOBLE, THOMAS Lord WINDESOR, of Bradenham, his Lordship's humble servant William Browne wisheth all increase of VIRTUE and HONOUR.  
My Honoured LORD:  
WITH much industry, and many years experience I have gathered a few collections, which I humbly beseech your Lordship to accept under your protection, they are notes that will teach a young Rider, the certain and infallible way how to ride and manage any Colt, from the first haltering, till he be a perfect ridden horse of the Snaffle: I acknowledge a great unfitness in myself, to set forth a book in Print, being an old Northern man, wanting fit language, and method for these times, and in nothing more unexperienced then in the way of writing: Yet because I know that my own long practice in this business, hath taught me many ways to bring a Colt to this perfection, which hath not yet been divulged abroad, by such as have written in the same kind: I thought it better to send this poor book forth, clothed with my own simple language, before death shut up the evening of my days, then to wrong myself or this art so much, as to conceal any thing that may do other young men good in it. And because I know that reading without practice doth but a very little help such, who are of the meaner apprehensions.  
I have laboured with my best endeavour to furnish my Book with pictures of examples, both of the chief way how to work the horses, and the best instruments to work withal: I am encouraged to present my Book, and service to your Lordship, because I perceive that amongst other your recreations, you are most addicted to have good horses for your pleasure, and excellent galloping horses for your exercise. Moreover, your Lordship hath seen some proof of my practice, and I am so much bound unto your Lordship, for many your noble courtesies and favours towards me, that I would willingly pay a better thankfulness than this to your Honour, if it rested in my ability: I only entreat your Lordship to suffer this to rest under your Patronage; and I will spend the remainder of my poor life, in studying how to be  
Your Lordship's humblest to command in all Service, WILLIAM BROWNE.   

BROWNES FIFTY YEARS Practise.  

CHAPTER I. A true and unfallable way how to Ride and Manage any Colt, from the haltering of him, from one degree to another; till he be a perfect ridden Horse of the Snaffle, of what nature or disposition soever he is of.  
YOU must have first in a readiness a strong rope about four Fathom in length, made with a running noose at the one end: Then cause the Colt to be driven into some large house, where he may have some sufficient room to turn himself at his pleasure, and to make him the more gentle to deal withal: Let him have the company of some old Horse haltered, which you must keep ever betwixt you and him, to shadow you, in such sort as they use to stalk at foul; until such time as with a long pole for the purpose, then open the noose wider and lap one side thereof about the pole, then with ease you may put the same over his head, then presently put a good strong halter, that well be sure to hold him; and let there be tied to it a chase rope of four Fathom long, with a turnell in the one end, tie the harter end to the turnell, then let there be strength enough to hold him, than put him forth of the house gently, and bring him into the stable, and there tie him fast to the manger, then within one hour or two, you may take him forth into some fair place, and be sure you have strength enough to hold him, that he may know that he is mastered: then let one having a long repel in his hand, troth him about you fair and gently, both ways, which being done, let him stand still to take his wind, and go fair and gently to him, and cherish him with fair words during that time, stroking your pole over him in many places of his body, and if he refuse at the first, do not leave him till he will suffer you to touch him therewith. Then lead him into the stable again, and tie him fast as you did before, than you must get a stick of a yard and a half long, and slit him in the one end, some quarter of a yard long, then take as much straw as the slit will hold, and wrap it about fast, and tie it fast with a packthread to keep it in, with the which you must stroke him gently, first upon the neck and breast, and then to his body, and so to his legs, and so by degrees over all the parts of him, till he will suffer you gently to touch him in any part of his body and legs: than you may with the stick in one hand, and a good long wisp in the other, first touch him with the stick, and then after with the wisp in the other hand; and so you may make him let you touch him with the wisp, by often touching him about the head, that he will suffer you to touch him in any place about his head, both about his cares, and his mouth, that when you come to bridle him, he will suffer you gently to put the mouthing-brake into his mouth. Then go and find out some even and firm ground, as near the stable as you can, then get a pile or stoop stake, and drive it fast into the ground, and that it may be one yard and a half above the ground: let the ground where you mean to practise him be even and firm, that he may take fast foote-hold, then tie your chase rope to the haiter, I mean to the turnel, and bring him forth, and make a good large noose in the end of the chase rope: then bring him to the stoup, and put the noose over the stoup, then let some one take the rope in the midst to hold it up from his feet, and another with a good long pole in his hand to put him about the ring, and when you begin to put him about, let it be on the left hand, for that will make Him lead with his right leg, which he must do both in his pace, trot, and gallop, you must put him at the first very gently about, till he know something what to do, than you may troth him, but in any case do not change him on the right hand, till you see that he doth set his right leg before, and when you perceive he doth it in his trot, than you may venture to change him: But where you put him once about on the right hand, put him three times on the left, for if you do not make him lead with his right leg before at the beginning, it will be a great hindrance to you, when you come to gallop him.  
Now when you have practised a little, that he doth know what he doth, then take him into the Stable again, and if he work to your hand towardly, make much of him, and give him some reward that he will eat, either hay or Oats, that he may understand that he doth that you would have him. Then lead him into the stable again, and be exercising him as you did before, till you have made him so gentle that he will suffer you to touch him in any place, with the wisp in your hand: That being done, then begin with his feet in this manner, take any fursingle that is strong; and put the end through the buckle, to make a little noose to put his near fore-legge in, then get up his foot as gentle as you can, and when you have it up, presently slip the noose over his foot, and let it rest betwixt his hoof and his fetlock.  
Then with a good strength pull his foot up, and hold it a pretty while, then let it down again, and make much of him, then take it up again, and ever give him this word, lift, and so exercise him till he will lift when you bid him. Then take a good stiff stick in your hand, and ever when you bid him lift, pull up the sursingle, and strike him beneath the knee with your stick. And with a little exercise when you knock him on the leg, he will take up his leg, and then you may bring him to your hand, that when you offer him your hand, he will presently take up his foot if you bid him lift; and so you must practise him in all his legs, that when you bring him in from riding, you may easily pick the gravel out of his feet, and will be the gentlier to shoe: Now when you have brought all these things to good perfection, than I would have you to take a good stirrup Leather, and make it full of holes, to take up and let out at your pleasure, then take up his near forefoote, and buckle it up so fast, as he cannot let it down, then take a stick and stir him up and down, that he may feel that he doth lack the use of one of his legs.  
Then have a saddle in a readiness, and let one be at his head, then come and offer him the saddle gently, and rub it up and down his sides, and let him see it, than set it on his back, and gird the girths slack at the first, lest he take a distaste at them; then take away the knee band, and let him settle himself, and stir him up and down, that he may feel the saddle on his back: This being done, then make the mouthing broke fit, which must be done in this manner. The benefit of this fashion broke, is to this effect, being made all of one piece, the rolls being loose about it doth make your Colt work with a merry mouth, and will not gall his lips as the snafflle will do that is of two pieces.  
Loving son, I would have you be very circumspect in this point, for it is one of the chiefest grounds belonging to a snaffle man, for if you cannot obtain to that knowledge to make your Colt's mouth firm and true in all points, it will be a great hindrance to your practice, for it is a secret, that I have been this 50 years plodding about, and now (I thank God) I have attained to it.   

CHAP. 2.  
LOving son, I will begin to let you know how many ways I have practised this secret of mouthing a Colt. First in my beginning, I was taught to gird a strong sursingle about his flank behind, then put the bridle rain into the sursingle so straight as in your discretion shall fit: then let him strive mightily, and lie down for anger. This way will bring in his head, but sink it down clean betwixt his legs, and make him mouth false. To let you understand what is a true mouth, and what is a false mouth. A true mouth is this, your Colt must let his upper chap fall even with his neither chap, and let his tongue rest under his snaffle, and work with his mouth pleasantly, and yield to your hand willingly, that is a true mouth.  
And the false mouth is, that he doth wry his upper chap clean awry from his neither chap, and get his tongue above the snaffle, this is a false mouth, and what horse soever is thus ●outhed ● will assure you, he will never bear light of your hand, but will tire your arms.  
Now the second way I did use to gird a sursingle before, and put two wisps under ●he sursingle, and so rain him up, and turn him lose into ●●me Court, and so let him strive with himself; that was better than the other: but neither of them good, for that way did make a false mouth also, and set the rain too low.  
But loving so●ne, I have two ways I would have you practise, if you will follow my directions: The first is this, to put your mouthing-brake upon your Colt's head, and at the first tie it easily to the rack, so that he may ease to put down his head, and let him stand so a pretty while, then lose it and put the reynes over his head, and take one of your arms, and lay it over the Colt's neck, and the other hand to be on the near side, then take the one reign in the right hand, and the other in your left hand, and let your right hand not stir a whit, but let the other hand work his mouth, with your left hand with easy and gentle motions, and by a little and a little, you shall so win his mouth, that he will yield to your hand willingly, and ever when he doth yield to your hand, then slack your hand, and so he will perceive your intention presently, and work to your content: You must ever mark as he doth yield to your hands to work his head up still, and in no case let it sink, and ever be looking to his mouth, that he mouth true.  
I would have you practise this way of mouthing your Colt, for many a fine mouthed horse I have made in this manner, but I would have you utterly renounce all manner of ways to set your Colt upon any manner of rest, for I have had to much trial of that, to my great grief.   

CHAP. 3.  
BUT loving Son, I will let you see another fashion of mouthing your Colt that d●th pass them all, that is in this manner following; First, put your mouthing Broke on his head, then mark this Picture:  
Then let him stay there, and as often as you work him up, ease him, and let his head down, and so in short time he will climb so easily to your hand as you would desire, and carry exceeding light of the hand: and that is a principal to make his tongue rest under the Snaffle, for that he can in no case get it up above the Snaffle.  
Then when he is well settled, and doth go gently, then take your knee-band, and put it on his near fore-legge, and let one lead him fast by the head, and let another put him forward, and go round about the ring of three legs, that he may be perfect in going.  
The next day when you back him, I would have you keep him forth a good space, and exercise him well of the left hand, and be sure he le●●e with the right leg before.   

CHAP. 4.  
Loving Son, the cause why I would have you to practise your Colt on the firm hard ground, is, for that I would have you utterly renounce all deep grounds, for I have had too much trial of it to my great grief, and ●●scredit: the discommodity that doth come thereof is this, If you bring your Colt in any deep ground to chase him about you, if he be a high mettled Colt, and being fat at the heart, and full of his body, questionless he will go very fiercely about you, and so in a short time, he will be of a great heat before you have brought him so weary that you may take his back. The inconvenience is this. First, you put him in great danger of breaking his wind. Secondly, the danger of the great heat is, he after two or three of these heats, will presently fall into one disease or other, which will ●ither prove to be mortal, or to get some tent in his body, that will prove to an extreme cold, that will prove either to the Glanders, or else the cough of the Lungs, which either of them in short time will end their lives. Now to come to the chase about the stoop again, when you take him forth the next day, I would have you make all things fit that you shall occupy about him. First, make a good strong plat of the longest hair of his Tail, then take a small piece of Leather or Cord, and tie it fast to the plat, than put it between his hinder legs, and bring it off the out side of his body; and tie it fast to his main, and so let it rest both day and night, this will keep him that he cannot stir his tail: This I would have you do at the beginning, than the next put your knee-band about his leg, than put the mu●roule on, and the chain in his mouth: then put on his bridle, than the saddle, then get help enough, one good strong man to be at his head: when you do take his back, and another to put him forward, when you are on.  
Then tie your chase rope to the halter, and bring him forth to the place where you mean to take his back, then put him about the ring fair and easily at the first, till he be settled, than you may put him on faster upon his swift trot, and often give him his wind, and go to his head and make much of him. Then take your knee-band, and put it on, then let one take him by the head and lead him; and the other put him once round about the ring, then stay him and cherish him, then come to him, and offer your foot to the stirrup, and if he will suffer you to put your foot into the stirrup, the make much of him, and if he refuse to suffer you, then lead him faster about the ring than you did before, until he be willing to suffer you to put your foot into the stirrup: Which if he do, as there is no doubt but he will, then let it rest in a pretty while; and take it forth again, and make very much of him, then take the knee-band of his leg, and lead him round about the ring, and cherish him, that he may have understanding, that he doth please you, then put on his knee-band again, and lead him about the ring, than put your foot into the stirrup and rise up and lean over the saddle, and put your arm over where your leg should be, and lean over a pretty while, and if he suffer you to do all this cherish him, then light and take off the knee-band, and lead him about the ring again, to give him ease, and then put on the knee-band again, and lead him about the ring, then come to him as you did before, and put your foot into the stirrup, and bid him at his head hold fast, then raise yourself up, as you did before, and lean over him a pretty while, then venture on God's name to put over your leg, and bid him hold very fast at his head: you must sit very gently and stir not, but sit still a pretty while, then light and cherish him: then take off the Knee-band, and lead him about the ring lose: then put on the Knee-band again: then put your foot gently, and get up very leisurely, and sit a pretty while: then let him that hath a rod in his hand put him on gently, and if he go gently but twenty paces, then light for good and all, and make very much of him, and take off the Knee-band, and have a few Oats in a Scuttle, and let him ear of them to give him comfort against the next time: this being done, lead him home to the stable, and let him rest two or three hours: but i● any case give him no manger meat: but in the rack for one week or more, but what you give him out of your hand, for that will keep him in obedience. Then take him out again to the practising place, and your company with you: then begin to put him about as you did before at the first very gently, till he hath got the reak of his wind, than you may put him forth into a swift trot, and then put him into an easy hand gallop, that he may learn to deal his feet: and ever have a care that he lead with his right leg, and also have a care often to give him his wind: this being done, then let one go to his head, and put on his knee band, and lead him about the ring, than you may come to him as before, and offer to take his back gently, and get up leisurely, and sit still a pretty while and settle yourself, then let him with the long rod in his hand put him on, and let him go round about the ring, and if he go gently, then make much of him: then take off the Knee-band, and let him have his legs, and go once or twice about the ring, and if he do it gently, then make very much of him, and lead him into the Stable. In any case give him but a very little at once if he work towardly, for that will encourage him much. I would not have him in any case to know what did belong to a plunge, or any kind of jades trick, but to have a care to have him as clean ridden as possible may be, and if he chance to take any toy, to reclaim him before you leave him at that present, otherwise you spoil all, and he will be worse the next time, where it is easily done at the first. Now when you have set him up, let him rest as long as he did before, then take him out again, and put him about the ring, as you did before: then gallop him softly twice or thrice about the ring, that will make him deal his legs finely: then let one go to his head, and go you to him: then put on his Knee-band, then faite and quietly get on: then as soon as you are settled, take off the knee-band, than put him forward and go gently about the ring, which if he do quietly, make much of him, and go on still two or three times about the ring, then let him stand still, and light off him, and do not forget to cherish him: then let him lead him quietly about the ring loose to give hime ease: then let him stand, and come to him, and get gently on him again, without the knee-band on: and if he stand gently, let the man lead him on as before, and so lead him two or three times about the ring, then if he do that quietly make much of him, and then slack your hand from his head, and go a yard or more from him, but not too far for fear he take any toy, that you may be ready to clap to his head again, for I would not in any case he should have any taste of plunging: then if he do go on gently once or twice about the ring, you may venture to go further off him to the midst of the rope.  
All this while I would have you let him go of himself, without any meddling with his head at all, but drawing his head to and fro with the musroule: then when he will go gently in this manner, you may light from his back, then take him into the Stable as before. I would have you to exercise him thus three or four times on a day by a little at once, and that will bring him to obedience and quietness the soon of any way that ever I tried, then take him forth again and bring him to the ring, and then put him about as before, some three or four times, half trotting half galloping, then come to him and offer to get on, and if he will stand gently, then go on as before: and if he offer to stir, then clap the knee-band on, and then he cannot resist, for that is a sure way at all times to make him gentle to get on; now being mounted, go gently about, let your footman guide him by the head once about till he be settled, than he may go from his head to the midst of the rope, and you may put him forward yourself, and settle him gently, and take both the musroule reins, and the bridle reins in both your hands, but bear him all of the musroule, and the help of the chain in his mouth: and bear him very lightly of the mouth till he be something settled, that he will go forward gently and quietly, and ever be working up his head, and never care for his nose bearing out, but still carry your hand aloft, to get his head so high as you had it when you did mouth him in the Stable, now when you have wrought him in the ring so long as you think fitting, than you may light and make much of him: But by the way be sure ever to give him over in his willingness, and that you leave him not in any disorder; so shall you find him the next time very willing and obedient to you: then lead him into the Stable again, and set him up well. If he be any thing hot, than you may lose the foremost girth, and bring it about his breast, and fill it round with good dry wispes, then when you take him forth the next time, you must have some old sober horse in a readiness, that when you have brought him forth to the ring and settled him well, then let the old horse be brought forth, than you may let the foot man take his back, and lead him from the stoops, and tie a rope of two yards long to the halter, then let the footman of the old horse go before you, and lead your Colt, and let him follow the old horse. This way will boulden your Colt, and make him go willingly without any stopping. I would have you go into some large field of some twenty or thirty acres in compass, and ever as you go be working up his head, and go round about the field gently, and ever as you go put him forward with your stick, and make him go against the other horse: let him of the other horse have a good long rod in his hand, then when you have gone once about the field, than you may untie the rope from the halter, and let him have the rope in his hand, then let your Colt go against the old horse, and go a pretty way off, then let him go before the old horse, and let the other follow, and if he stay at any time, the other man may help to put him on. And as soon as he doth go gently on, then light off him and cherish him, & lead him home to the Stable, and set him up well. Now when you have him to lead the other horse, than twice a day is enough to exercise him. When you have brought him to that perfection as he will go willingly of himself, th●n you may venture to lead the way before the other horse: but be sure you do not take your Colt forth at any time, but let one be with you for the space of a week, till he be well weaned, and will go willingly of himself; and then when you have brought him to that perfection, you may begin to frame his mouth, and I would have you very circumspect to attain to that secret, it being one of the chiefest grounds that belongs to a perfect Snaffle-man.   

CHAP. 5.  
Loving Son, be careful to understand my rules, and I will (by God's help) deliver you truly all my experience that I have attained this 50 years' practice. To come to the matter: first, I would have you walk him fair and easily, and ever be working up his head gently, carrying your bridle reins, and the reynes of your musroule, two in one hand, & two in the other: for a day or two carry him most of the nose, the chain in his mouth, let him feel the sn●sfle with the reynes thereof, let him feel both as you find his mouth frame to your hand: within ten or twelve score stay him, and forget not to raise your hand, it will make him climb to your hand lightly.  
Also I would have you carry in either hand a good smart rod, with the great end in your hand, and the small end along by his sides as you carry your sword, that if he bear out his end of either side, you may be ready to set him up strait, and in any case do not work him too long, but when you do find that he doth work to your content give him over with his willingness, and clean without any disorder.  
Then when you take him forth the next morning, let your man with the old horse be ready, and if he do offer to stir when you do get up, then put one the knee-band, and that will make him stand gently, then when you are mounted take the reynes in your hand, and go gently forward and work him as you did before, and carry him more on the mouth, till you have brought him that he will obey to your hand gently, and carry light on the hand, and sometimes carry him on the snaffle reins, and that will make him carry light both of the mouth and the nose, and when you have brought his head into that place, where you mean to place his reign than you may put to your martingale; and I would have you make your martingale with a buckle, and not with buttons, and broad betwixt the upper side of the breast and the foremost girth, then draw the martingale not too straight at the first, till he be a little settled therewith.  
Then you may draw it so strait, as his head shall stand even as his head stood against a Wall. Then proceed forward, and walk him on as you did before, still observing the rules I did tell you before and ever have a special care that you do not carry a pressing hand of him, for that will dull and harden his mouth, and utterly mar all you go about: but be ever working easily and gently, first with one rain, and then with the other, and you shall see that within a short time he will work so firmly, and pleasantly, that it will encourage you to work of his mouth, and ever have a care that he mouth true. And now that you have set him on the martingale, I would have you to let your musroule raines alone, and not meddle with them, but carry him all of the mouth, and work him well of the snaffle reins, for I have tried many a year, that the false reine maketh a false mouthed horse, and now when you have begun to work him of the mouth altogether, then let your hand work his mouth, and the martingale and musroule work his nose: so you shall find in a short time that they will agree both together, and then you shall see his neck rise and begin to show a comely reign: For it is one of the chiefest secrets belonging to a perfect Snaffle man.  
I would have the ring very large, for that you may bring your horse about, even so that your horse may come about with his head, neck, and body just and even, for in no case his head may not come one way, and his body another way, for that is naught. Now when you are working him in both these rings, you may first place him, then troth him, first of one hand and then of the other, so long as you shall find his mettle hold, and that he will go freely and metledly under you. But be sure you give him over in his willingness, and clean without any way of disorder.  
And loving son, I will tell you one principal rule more (that is at the first) when you begin with him understand his nature, whether he be of a high spirit, and full of mettle, or he be dull, and of a dogged condition, for according to his nature you must work him, for if you work both conditions of one fashion, you will mar more than you will make, the high mettled Colt, must be wrought gently with easy helps, and little correction, for if you deal roughly with him, you will drive him out of all; but for the dull mettled Colt, you must needs be sharp with him, and often quicken him up, or else he will do nothing.  
Now to proceed, I would have you exercise your horse in this large figure of eight, till he will tread it, and troth it willingly, and ever when you mean to stop him upon the hand, let it be in the midst thereof, between the rings, and in your exercise you may put him sometimes into his swift trot; and prank him up and make him go frankly under you, still having a special care he carry light of the hand; and when you put him into his swift trot, if at any time he bear hard of the hand, then stay him and retire him two or three steps, and that will make him presently to yield willingly to your hand, and be sure you fail not, as often as you feel him press hard of your hand, that you stay him and retire him till he yield to your hand, and within a short time you shall find him, that as soon as you offer to stay your hand, he will presently yield and go gently and lightly of your hand, and so I would have you bring him to that perfectness of your hand, that he will carry his head so steadfastly, and his reynes so round, and stately, that he will not disorded it at any time; and I would have you have a care of carrying your hand, that is to carry it a lost above your saddle pommel, and in no case stir it up and down, but carry it still and firm.   

CHAP. 6.  
ALSO Loving son, there is another principal rule, that I do mean to set you down, and I would have you be very careful to get the understanding thereof; and that is this, to know how and when to help your horse, and how and when to correct your horse, and how and when to cherish your horse, which things must be done all either in due time, or else they will prevail nothing, for if you help him not in the very instant when he should have it, it is to no purpose, nor give correction at the unfit time, it prevails nothing at all, and if you cherish when there is no cause, it is to no purpose neither.  
Therefore you must work diligently to get the knowledge thereof, for when you are in practising your horse, and doth perceive that he doth stand in need of help, then let him have it even in due time, and that will prevail; which help may be given him three ways; with your rod, with your heel, and with your mouth: with giving a small jerk, with doubling your tongue in the roof of your mouth, and you may correct him in all these three manner of ways.  
That is with your rod in his flank, with the sharp stroke of your spur, or giving him some fearful word with your mouth: but you can cherish him but two ways, that is, with clapping him on the neck with your hand, and giving him fair words that will please him; and thus in your practice you must observe all these helps, and do them in due time, for in time being done, doth set all right, and out of time will set all wrong.  
Therefore I would have you ever when you are in practising of your horse, and working him in his lessons, to remember in time, and out of time, and there will be do doubt, but all your business will come to good effect, if you do always remember and carry it in your mind, that in time setteth all right and forward, and out of time doth set more wrong in a day, than you shall set right in a week. But now to come to your practice again, I would have you practise your horse still in the figure of eight, till you have him so perfect in both the rings, as is sitting.  
Both upon his soft trot, and his swift trot, always carrying light of your hand, with his head in the right place, and his reign lofty and staitly, than you may begin to set him of a proud trot, and to go stately, which in my opinion is the only show that any snaffle horse can be for upon, both for the show of the Rider, and the horse for to go of a stately trot a long a street, and to take up his forefeet comely, and round; and now and then to beat three or four low curvets, will grace his trot much, so as he be made so perfect, as he will make his changes willingly and perfectly, without working on, for it is an unseemly sight for the Rider to work upon his horse in the streets.  
And now loving son, I will here with God's help, set you down a perfect and unfalliable way how to teach him without heating, or chase him: First I would have you put on his musroule and martingale, and then his bridle, than put a sursingle about him, than put your martingale to the sursingle, as you did when you road him.  
Then you may carry him something harder of your hand, and put him into an even trot, and you shall see him presently begin to go proudly before you, then as soon as you see him settle himself never so little to set his feet to your liking, then stay him presently, and make much of him, give him some reward, and give him over for that time, and feed him well with oats, and let him rest one hour at the least, and then take him out again, and exercise him as you did before, and you shall see presently, if you sharp him up, and shake your rod, that he will fall into a proud trot presently, and ever be sure that as soon as you see him set but five or six strokes true, then presently stay him, and make much of him: Now you shall see presently at his first setting, whether he will have a lofty trot, or a low trot, and if he begin with a lofty trot, as no doubt if he be a mettled horse he will, than you need not use any other helps to him but the reins and rod.  
But if he be of a slow mettle, and set his feet thick and short, and low withal, than you must use these helps as you see here proportioned, and then you must put them on, and buckle them on every foot under his foot lock, and you must buckle them straight as you can, that they do not go round about his legs, than you may bring him to the practising place again, and you shall see him take up his feet finely to your liking: and thus you may practise him still until he be so well acquainted with them, that he will take up his feet so lofty and comely as shall be to your liking: and when you have him so perfect going on the one hand, than you may change him on the other hand, and that will set his body even that way he came. Now, when you have him perfect on either hand, and doth set his trot comely and stately, and that you have his mouth at command, than you may venture to set a Saddle on him, and the next time you take him forth, let one that hath some understanding take the reynes of you, and the rod in his hand, and let him see how you did carry the reynes in your hand, and if he can make him set as you did, than you may take his back, and take the bridle reins in your hand, but let him scarcely feel your hand; but let the other man carry him upon his long reynes, as you did before: then if he do perform his trot as he did before, than you may carry him all of the reynes: and if he do perform his trot of your reynes, yet let the other man follow you still, that if he break with your hand at any time, he may help you; and so you may exercise him till he be so perfect as you shall think fitting, and you may cut his trot shorter and shorter, till you have brought him that he will stand upon his trot, and troth both forward and backward. You may not let the footman go from you, but still carry your long reins after you, till you have him so perfect as you desire.  
Then before you leave your footman, I would have you let him stand still, and bid the foot man shake his rod and set him forward, then lay your rod on his left shoulder, and close your legs close to his shoulders, and carry your hand something hard of his mouth, and say to him, Up, up, and let the footman helps you with his reins, and it is very like he will raise himself and advance clear up before, which if he do, then make much of him, and go forward still upon a foot pace: but if he will not raise himself with the helps you give him, then deal not roughly with him, but go on forward a little, then stay him again, and offer to him as you did before, and if he refuse the second time, then offer it to him the third time, which if he refuse, then trouble him no more that way, but walk him once about the Court and set him up, and get a good stout rod of a yard in length, or there about, and get a piece of a nail and knock into the one ●nd thereof, then go to a Grindle stone, and grind it just of that fashion that the prickle of a goad is, then take your horse forth again, then let him go once about the Court, without any man on his back, and troth him proudly, then get on his back, and let the footman come behind with the long reins, and go once about again, then let the footman set him up to you, and give him the same helps as before, and if he refuse to advance and rise before, then let the footman come up to him and stand by his shoulder, and prick him in the midst of his brisket, and say, Up, up, and prick him hard and you shall see that he will raise himself presently without fail, which being done make much of him, and go on upon a foot pace still about the Court, then when you come to the place where you did offer him his lesson, let the footman come and prick him as before, and he will advance presently, and ever when he doth prick him on the breast you must help him with the rod, and close your feet fast to the hindmost part of his shoulder, and bid him, Up, up, and so practise him till he be perfect, and ever as you walk him round about, let the footman come and give him the prickle and he will rise presently; and so so exercise him till he will rise of himself willingly, which when he will do, with the help of your rod and foot, then be assured that you have won him, and that with good and discreet riding, he will proceed and go forward to your liking, and ever have a care that you do not dull him, but still give him over in his willingness, and a little at once and often. Now, the next morning take his back at the first, and put him to his trot, and when he hath gone once about the Court, then make him advance with giving him the helps I told you of before, and then when you have brought him to that perfectness that he will advance easily, at every time you offer it him, give him the help of your rod and heel, and when he is so perfect as you think fitting, than you may teach him to make his changes, that is, when he is in his proud trot, you may make him to beat three or four advances, which will be very graceful in his going, and you may teach any horse that shall be proud trotting for a Coach for the streets in this manner: for I assure you, do but work directly after these rules, and you shall hit all, and miss none.  
And thus, loving Son, did I practice at the beginning, till I came to that skill, that now I will undertake, with God's help, to make any horse to set a proud trot, only with the hand, heel, and mouth, without any engine.  
And now, loving Son, that I have brought you thus far upon your walk and troth, I will begin, with God's help, to teach you to make your horse to gallop truly and right, from one degree to another. First, I would have you the next morning, to bring him to the double ring again, and let it be rather larger than before, and then put him about it a foot pace, to settle him a little, then put him forth into a swift trot, ever having a special care that he carry his reign as he did before, then having trotted him twice or thrice about the ring, stay him, and retire him a little, then put him to his swift trot again, and put him up to his gallop as softly as you can possibly make him strike his gallop, and let him go but once about one ring, ere you put him to his trot again, and so let him troth about the other ring, and so I would have you exercise him trotting about the one ring, and galloping about the other ring, till you have brought him, that as soon as he hath trotted about the one ring, at the entering into the other, he will fall into an easy gallop of himself: and so I would have you exercise him in trotting the one ring, and galloping the other, till he be so perfect, that as soon as you but bend your body forward, and give him the flat of your heel, he will presently fall into an easy gallop: and ever when you feel him press forward of your hand, and would go faster than you would have him, then stay him a little and let him troth again, and that will bring him to gallop at a certain.  
I would have you ever carry a faster hand of him in his trot, then in his gallop: for that will make him carry light of your hand, which is one of the chiefest things belonging to his gallop. For that horse that doth tie chase and pressing upon the hand, doth weary the arms and tyre himself. But loving son, give me that horse, that will ride of an easy gallop from the hand, and so to the middle of his spend▪ and so to the very height of his speed: always carrying light of your hand, and ever yield willingly to your hand whensoever you see occasion to take him up to give him a sobe, for that horse I hold to be perfectly and truly mouthed, and rightly managed from the beginning.  
All this is easily to be done if he be rightly mouthed at the beginning: but if you do thrust him forth at the first, to gallop him furiously to the very height of his speed, and so continue him but one week you will utterly spoil him for ever for being at command: Therefore good loving Son mark this course well, and carry it in your memory, and believe me it will do you much good in your practice. And so I will come to the point where I left, that is, as often as he doth press hard of your hand in his gallop from the hand, that so often you stay him gently, and put him to his trot again, and that in short time, that he will seldom or never press hard of your hand, but will ever carry an easy mouth and light upon your hand, and when he is brought to his perfection, than I would have you to practise him to gallop from the hand as easily & softly as you can possible make him strike his gallop, going round both the rings, always carrying a gentle hand of him, for that will make him settle his fore feet, and make him slip them forward both comely and easily, and bring his hinder legs close and round after him, for as the Colt that must be made for the bit and great saddle, must be made to gallop high and lofty, so must the hunting horse be brought to a slow and easy swimming gallop, as art can afford, for commonly that horse that is short knit, and High filleted, doth prove the best hunter, for the strength of the back doth carry it away at length: and so the horse that is long and loosely knit, will commonly gallop with his fore feet slubbering and stamping, and bring his hinder legs high and unseemly after him, and will never prove good galloper.  
And now to come to the matter again, I would have you exercise your horse still as you did before, in the large rings, till you have brought him so perfect, that he will fall into his gallop at the first setting forth, and go so comely and easily as shall be to your liking, than you may take him into some plain ground, of some ten or twelve acres, and there begin at a side to gallop him round about, as large as you can; and when you have settled him into his truestroake, than you may thrust him up into the middle of his speed, and so continue him a pretty while, and that will make him gather himself up roundly, and gather spirit into him, then check him up again, and bring him into his easy and soft gallop, and so make an end at this time. Provided always, that you leave him with an easy mouth and light reine, now when you take him forth the next morning, then bring him into the same ground you had him before, then put him into his swift trot a little, to settle his mouth to your hand, than put him into his easy gallop, and fetch a large compass, and make as large a double ring as you can, see that you bring him about of either hand, for the larger he doth gallop, the better may you set his legs and give him his true stroke; and if at any time he do fall out of his stroke, then presently put him into his trot, but half a dozen trots, and then put him into his gallop again, and he will presently fall into his true stroke again; and ever have a special care that you keep him large enough, for when he doth grow perfect in his gallop, he will desire to come in too fast; and if you gallop him any long time, be sure to give him wind in due time, and give him an easy hancke: when you think he hath done well, then light of him, and make much of him, and walk him up and down a little, then take his back again, and put him to his gallop. And when he is settled in his right stroke, then look down, and see whether his right leg lead or no, and if he lead on the left leg, and not on the right; then the next morning take with you one of the slips you had to make him troth, and when you begin to gallop him, begin on the right hand, and first put the slip one his left set-locke, and take it in your left hand; and if in his gallop he lead with his left leg, than you may mark when he doth set his left leg before, than you may even in that very time when he doth set his leg forth, give him a little twitch with your hand, and help him with your rod of the right shoulder, and presently he will set the right leg before, and so you may continue that help till he will lead with his right leg before, both of the right hand; and of the left, and so when you have brought him to his perfect stroke of his gallop, from the hand to the middle of his speed, and that he will perform it readily, and willingly, than you may put him to gallop roundly of either hand, in and out as you please, as shall come into your mind when you are galloping. And when you have brought him to his voluntary gallop, and that he willingly give you leave to hancke and lose at your pleasure, than you may bein good hope that you have won his mouth for ever, and then you may take him the next morning into some unplowed fallow field, that is redge and furrow, and there begin to gallop him, and do not go even over them at the beginning, for that will break his stroke mightily, but sloop him over sideway, till he have gotten his true stroke, and that he will strike his furrow even and just, and that he will set his forefoote ●ust in the furrow, for that you must bring him 〈◊〉 if ever you bring him to go over a field with a 〈…〉. for if he set over the furrow 〈…〉 his back, and be a great deal 〈…〉 to him then to set his forefoote even 〈…〉 ●ow.  
And when you have galloped him over so slooping, a quarter of a mile, than you may turn him back again, and sloop him as much of the other hand, and when he will strike his furrow even of either hand, than you may put him over the lands, even forward; and when you have made him perfect in all these ways, than I think you have finished his gallop for the field all manner of ways.  
But loving Son, there is another round galloping lesson that I have practised much with three horses all at once, which I will by Gods leave teach you the manner thereof; and about some thirty years agone, I and two of my eldest sons, of three fine young horses, did gallop it on Malton Hill, and it was highly commended, for it was never done in that place before.  
Now good loving son, I pray you if you please to practise it, that you will give it the name of Brownes Round, for that I think I was the first that ever did practise it of the Snaffle.   

CHAP. 7.  
NOW loving Son, that I have here set down all the skill and knowledge that I have gotten in fifty years' practice, from the first haltering a Colt, from on degree to another, till he be brought to gallop this round heretofore set down. Now I will by Gods help set you down another, as true and unfallible away to pace and amble any horse sufficiently, and well, of what nature and disposition soever he be of, and if you will diligently and carefully observe these rules heretofore set down by me, you shall by God's help, hit all and miss none.  
First, loving son I will begin to let you understand of all the ways that I have practised from the first beginning till this day.  
First, I did practise to lead him down the hill, and check him under the chin, that will make him set to an amble presently, but it will make him totter with his end, and stamp with his forefeet, and will make him set hard.  
And I have used another way with long shoes with pikes before of three inches long, that way will make him catch up his hinder legs unseemly as though he had the wild Mares hench.  
I have used another way that is to wisp them of their hinder feet, above the fetlock, that way will make him straddle and go wide behind. I have used another way, that is to work him in some deep ploughed ground, that way will give him sore heats, and toil him and take of his mettle mightily.  
But, loving Son, I have set down two ways that I have practised this thirty years, and I will never use other whilst I live, neither to myself, nor to any that I shall teach, and these be the two ways.  
First, I would have you take his back and try him how he is inclined, and go to some rising ground and there thrust him up to the height betwixt his trot and his gallop, and you shall presently see him fall into a shuffle, betwixt an amble and a gallop, and if he will do so, than I would have you use no other way with him but the hand and the heel, if you have any understanding to know how to help him with the hand and heel, you may give him his pace so without any other help. But if in trying him so, he will not make any offer or show of a pace, then give him over and toil him no more, but go to him in this manner:   

CHAP. 8.  
THen, loving Son, you may be in good hope that you may prove a sufficient ambler: when you have brought you● horse to that perfection, than I would have you shift your traves from beneath the knee, and beneath the hough, and put them above the knee and above the hough, then go to some uprise (as we term it in Yorkshire) or some climbing ground that doth rise reasonable high, there put him up very softly, and use your hand to guide his legs as you did before of the even ground, and when he is a little acquainted with the ground, you may put him faster to it, and ever have a care to keep him long and true in his place, for they be two principal rules; and ever when he doth well, then fail not to make much of him, and give him some reward, and you shall see that within two or three days he will work so finely and comely up the hill, that it will do you good to ride him: but always have a care to leave him when he hath done well, and in his willingness: and so when you have practised him in that manner with the Traves, and that you find him to go perfectly and well, then take off one of them, and let him go with the other on, and when you have him perfect, you may take off the other: and when you have taken off the other, I would have you make in a readiness one pair of hough-bands, made as this figure doth show you, and buckle them hard above the hough behind, then take his back and put him up the road fair and softly, and if your hand and heel will serve you to keep him in his true stroke, than you may proceed with him and work him on: but if your hand will not serve to keep him where he was, than I would have you presently to clap on the single Trave again, and so practise him till he be so perfect as he will go willingly and true.  
And if he doth set over further of that side that the Trave is on, than he doth of the other, then shift the Trave on the other side, and that will help him of that fault: And when you have brought him that he will go perfectly and well, then take it off again; but before you take the trave off, you must put him up to the height of his pace, and make him strike it out, a●● ever as you see him to grow upon your hand, and come on faster, when you come to the end of your road, light off his back and lead him down and make much of him, and when you have him so perfect that he will strike out to the height of his pace, then venture to take it off, and say him lose with his hough-bands on.  
In any case remember to give him but short roads, if he work to your hand well when you begin to try him lose, put him to it very softly, and so proceed faster as he doth grow in perfectness. And when you have him that your hand and his legs do agree altogether, then there is no doubt of your proceeding; and than you may ease his hough-bands a little till he will go without them▪ and when you assay him without them, put him up the road very softly, as you did with his engines on. Now loving Son, to let you understand the benefit of the hough-bands, is this; They do make him bring in his hinder legs close and low after him, and will make him go comely in his pace, and also set forward his hinder legs: and now when you have him working up the road lose, and that he will set true and right, than put him on faster as you see him grow in perfectness: but you must not thrust him up the road every time to the height of his pace, but place him softly three or four times, and the fifth time thrust him up to the very height; for if you should put him up every time to the height of his pace it would dull him and make him weary.  
And you must not in any case, shift his road, until he be so perfect, that when you offer to put him up to the height of his pace, he will fly up with it so lightly and comely as you desire.  
And loving Son, I would have you to be very careful and circumspect in this point, for it is one of the chiefest principals which belongeth to the pace: for there is small art in bringing any horse to the midst of his pace, but there is great art and skill to bring a horse to his full pace, and that he will go with it in any company: For, loving Son, I myself was but half a pacer for the space of twenyeares, and had as many horses as I could turn me to, with the help of two of my Sons, and was well paid for them: and I have met them within a month after, and have seen them go of such a hiffe haffe, as hath been neither amble nor trot, which hath grieved me much ● and I could never mend it until I got the skill to work them up the hill: for, loving son, I will assure you, it is not to be done any way so well as that way: nor to bring him to his changes, that is, from the height of his pace to his gallop, and from his gallop to his pace again, and to shift from the one to the other truly at your pleasure; for I would not give a pin for that pace that will not keep company with any horse that he shall meet with, and to make his change at your pleasure, that is, to go in his amble, in his gallop, and in his trot at your pleasure: when you will have him shift from one to another, then is he fit for any company: for the horse that is perfect in all these three paces, the rider may say, Now I will ride of an ambling horse one mile, and of a trotting horse another mile, and of a galloping horse the third mile.  
And now loving son, when your horse will make his change from one to another in his first road, than you may take him into another road that is something lower rising then the first, and when you have him perfect in that, than you may take him from that to another road, that is something lower than the second, and when he is perfect in that, than you may bring him to the even ground, and so perfect him in that, and then you have brought him to go on all grounds: but you may not in any case shift him from the first road, to the even ground at the first, for than you mar all, but you must bring him down by degrees to the even ground, and that you have him perfect on the even ground, you may take him to the highway, and ride him the first day one mile, and home again, and the next two miles; and so as you see him grow in perfectness, so you may take him further and further, till you have him so perfect that he will go a day's journey.  
And when you do begin to travel him out a day's journey, you must light down often, and ease him so that he will tall to his pace again very willingly, but if you keep him always at his pace, you will so tire him in it, that he will have no desire to keep it, and you must as you are travelling, ever when you come to some fair gravel ground for the purpose, something rising, and of a good length, you may put him up to the height of his pace, and so make him change truly to his gallop, and so keep him in his gallop some twelve score, or there about, and then you must help him with your hands, and bring him back to his amble again, and so you may exercise him as you travel on the high way, to make him perfect of those two things, and for his trot you need not trouble yourself, for he will go to that of himself, but you must not in any case put him out of his trot, into his gallop, but you must bring him out of his trot, into his pace again, than you may put him into his gallop, and so change him from his pace to his gallop at your pleasure; and when you have brought him that he will perform all these changes at your pleasure, than I think you have made him fit for the hie way, and now that you have brought your horse from one degree to another till he be perfect on the hie way. I will make hold to call you back again to your first lesson where you began: And good loving son mark this point well, that is, to have a special care of your horse at the first putting on of your single trave that it be of a due length, neither too long nor too short, let it not be above a yard at the most, and be very careful in leading of him with his head up, and as softly as possibly you may make him go: For all the skill that belong to the trave, is to give him a long stroke, and to understand how to give him his helps in due time: I would have you practise this way till you be very perfect herein, and observe the rules heretofore set down carefully, and when you are perfect in this way, and that you find you grow perfect to lead his legs right, and true, than I would have you begin to practise to work him up the hill, with the traves above the knee, and above the hough; and practising so in short time your hand and heel will serve you to work any horse with the trave on in that place, and when you find your hand serve you so well, than you may venture to practise him lose up the hill with the hough bands of his hinder legs, and so to come to work him lose without any engine, for now I thank God my hand doth serve me so well, that I do not trave one amongst seven.  
But loving son, there is two lessons more, that I will teach you, which be the cunningest lessons belong to an ambler; and the first is to be done in this manner hereafter mentioned.   

CHAP. 9  
FIrst loving son, I would have you bring your horse into some large ring, of four or five score paces about, and put him into as fine and comely an amble, as you possible can make him go in, then let him go two or three times about the ring, than put him up to his fine hand Gallop, out of his pace, and let him go other three times about, then take him up from his Gallop, and put him to his proud and stately trot, that you made him before going loose before you, as your Picture doth show you, & that (as I term it) is the going of three changes, and all in one round compass; and I think, if you have brought him to ride all those three changes in that round compass, as often as you please to put him to it, you have done as much to him of the snaffle as art can afford.   

CHAP. 10.  
Loving son, the other lesson is this, having brought your horse to this perfectness, and that he is truly paced rightly coloured, and finely made, and stately, and that he be for an Honourable man's Saddle, and that you must set him on a Pad, and a Bit, you must begin with him in this manner: First, when you have him at the length of his pace, that must be that he set his hinder foot over his forefoote three quarters of a yard at the least, than you must begin to set him proud of your hand; and ever set him forward with your rod, heel, and mouth, and you shall see him presently begin to cut his pace, and to go proudly: you must make your road but short that you do ride him in, that you may give him rest at every roads end; and you must have a special care, that as you cut his pace short, that you make him set true, or else you mar all: For you must bring him from three quarters of a yard over, so far short till he come to set but one foot just over another, and must set his pace as true as he did, when he set over the furthest, and when you have cut his pace so short, you must let him rest there, for it is not possible to cut it any shorter, and make him set true withal.  
Now when you have brought him to his shortness of his pace, I would have you you perfect him in that stately going till he will willingly, when you have him at the length of his pace, if you but take up your reynes, and thrust him forward with your heel, and mouth, that he will go as proudly and as stately as you will desire to have him; and now when you have brought him to this perfectness, and that he must be set upon a Bit to bear a foot cloth in the streets, it is fit you do bit him, for that you know how to keep him in his true stroke with your hand, and you must bit him in this manner; If he be a short fore-handed horse, the cheek of his Bit must be the longer, and if he be long fore-handed, it must be the shorter, and when you do put the Bit into his mouth, first you must take as small a hunting snaffle as you can get, and put into his mouth first, and then you may put one the Bit, and let the curb be at the full length at the first, and bear him at the first all of the snaffle, that you may help him when need is: and so you may by a little at once let him feel the curb, and so you may exercise him till he be perfect, and when he doth ●●now the curb, you may take it up shorter, as you see cause.  
And so loving son, when you have brought him that he will go of his proud and stately amble, and shift to his proud and stately trot, and shift from one to another at your pleasure, than I think you have performed as much as is possible to be done.  
Now loving son, I will teach you to make your horse beat a curvet in the stable: you must begin in this manner: You must first turn him backward in his Stall, and set him upon two false reynes, the●●●● a pair of Pasterns on his forefeet, then take your prickle you had before, and prick him on the breast, and he will presently rise up before, as you taught him in his proud trot, than you must put on a pair of traves, as you see here, above the knee, and above the hough, then turn him forward again, then let one be at his shoulder, and give him the prick, and stand you behind him with another long prick, and prick him on the side of his buttock, and he will present rise behind, and so you may take both the prick in your hands, and first thrust it to his shoulders, and then to his buttocks, and he will presently rise before, and behind, and beat it even.  
The traves will make him keep his hinder legs close, and not yerk out this lesson is good to exercise him in the stable when you bring him in from riding, and after his water.  
There is another lesson I will teach you, that is as needful, that is to make your horse kneel down when you would have him. You must begin in this manner, you must turn him back in the stall, and strew litter enough under him, than put a long slip to his foot-locke on his farre-foote, than put an other on his near foot, then take the slip on the far side, and bring it over his wythers, then with your right hand draw his leg up a good way from the ground, then hold it fast, then draw the other leg up withal your strength, and bid him couch, and he will presently kneel down on both his knees, then when he is down, make him kneel a good pretty while, then let him rise again, and make much of him, than you may exercise him so still, till he be so perfect that he will kneel down when you strike him one the knees with your rod, and bid him couch: this lesson is good for a high way horse, when the Rider is weary, to light.  
Now there is another lesson to teach your horse, that is this, to make him follow you any manner of way you go; you must teach it him in this manner. First, you must keep him very sharp for one day, and a night, and give him nothing but straw in his rack, then come to him the next morning, and tie a long slip to his collar, then take a good quantity of oats in your provand-dish, and go to him and let him feel them, and then go a good pretty way from him, and shake the oats in the dish, and bid him, Come, come, and if he will not come, then go near him, and draw a little from him, and he will come presently; and so you must practise him, till when you lose him from the manger, and shake your oats, he will come to you.  
Then you may go out off the door, and let him follow you lose in some Court, where he cannot get out, and so you may make him follow you any way wheresoever you go, and then you may put a piece of bread in your boot, or shoe, and the taste of it will make him love you exceedingly, and blowing into his nostrils will help much.   

CHAP. 11.  
AND now, loving Son, for Farriership I have no skill, neither will I set down any thing, but what I have tried by my own experience, and sore pains taken this fifty years.  
But I will set down three serets, that is very fitting for either Rider or Groom to know, and these be they.  
To make a Star in any dark coloured horses forehead, or sneepe in his nose, or in any part of his face and body.  
The second is, to make rolls to get a cold from any horse that is new taken.  
The the third is, to kill any scratches, or sore heels whatsoever.  
For the first, you must make a bodkin in this manner heretofore set down, and two pricks in the same manner, and where you would have the star, there you must thrust in your bodkin, and bring it forth again some quarter of an inch above where you put it in, than you must take your bodkin forth, and put in one of your pricks; than you must make another hole cross over the other prick, then take four yards of fine two-peny-bredth Inkle, and wrap it about in this manner, as you see this sample, and when you have wrapped the one half, then cross it as you see this figure, some twice or thrice about all the four ends, and then go on still and wrap as you did before, and tie it fast at one end, and let it be on four and twenty hours, and then unwrap the Inkle and take out the pricks, and close the skin with the ball of your hand, and anoint it with hot butter once when you take them out, and again within two or three days after: and so do no more to it, for the skin will come on it, and it will be a very fair white.  
You must make your medicine for the cold in this manner:  
For the kill of the Scratches, you must take four pennyworth of white Copperis, one handful of bay-salt, and boil them in small bear wort, till it be something thick, then put it in a pot, and clip the hair bare, that the water may go in, and when you dress him, rub it in well that it may go to the bottom, and dress him morning and evenining, and keep his legs dry, and it will presently kill the disease.  
I have one secret more, which shows how you may have a Horse-coult, or a Mare-coult at your pleasure.  
When you would have a Horse-colt of your Mare, observe this rule: There are twelve signs, six Male, and six Female; and if you would have a horse Colt, you must put your Mare to the Horse in one of the male Signs and it will be a horse Coult. So likewise for a Mare Colt, you must observe it by the osix Signs which are contrary.   

CHAP. 12.  
SO now (loving Son) I have troubled you with a great deal of reading, for a small deal of matter, but I must desire you to bear with an old memory, for the old saying is, as age comes on, so memory decays. I will now only set you down a brief of all the principal rules, in order, as I have observed them in this book.  
The first is, To make a true and perfect mouth.  
The second is, to make a proud, stately, and comely reign.  
The third is, to make a proud and stately trot, which must be done with round balls of wood, six or seven inches in compass, and made fast under his fetlock, as is showed in his place.  
The fourth is, to make a full sufficient highway pace.  
The fifth is, to make a proud stately short pace for a street.  
The sixth is, to make a fine comely and easy gallop, either for hunting, or for the highway, and that he will make all his three changes in a large ring, that is upon his pace, trot, and gallop, and that he will perform all these changes in those rings heretofore set down, and that he will do them all without any disorder.  
Then loving Son, if you will practise to get all these grounds here by me set down, you shall be accounted as sufficient a Snaffle-man as most is in England.   
Vale.