ITINERARIUM TOTIUS SACRAE SCRIPTURAE. OR, The Travels of the holy Patriarches, Prophets, judges, Kings, our Saviour Christ, and his Apostles, as they are related in the Old and New TESTAMENTS. With a description of the Towns and Places to which they traveled, and how many English miles they stood from JERUSALEM. Also a short Treatise of the Weights, moneys, and Measures mentioned in the Scriptures, reduced to our English valuations, quantity, and weight. Collected out of the Works of HENRY BUNTING, and done into English by R.B. LONDON, Printed by ADAM ISLIP, 1636. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE, SIR HENRY MOUNTAGVE Knight, Lord chief justice of the King's Majesty's BENCH. IT is a true saying of the Philosopher (Right Honourable, and my very good Lord) that there is nothing wherein there is life, but it hath either motion or action; and such is the condition of man, that a greater measure of both is imposed upon him, to humble him, than upon many other creatures: The whole course of his life being compared unto a Pilgrimage, in which state a man can presume upon no certain continuance. For as a Traveller that intendeth to finish his journey, stays not in his Inn, but desires more to be upon his way, than in his bed: so it is with man, who cannot possess himself in rest, from the time of his birth until his death, and oftentimes is troubled with needless, and unprofitable Labours, to attain unto his ends; which got, both they and he, perish. Let Alexander that great Emperor, be a precedent of this; who with much Labour, having got a great estate, enjoyed it but a short time: and you may read in this Treatise, with what intolerable pains Antigonus Epiphanes endeavoured to establish his kingdom to him; and yet in the end purchased little but a lamentable death. There is none of the Patriarches, Princes, judges, Kings. Prophets, Apostles, or others mentioned in the Scriptures, that could make evident in the whole course of their life, any better than a laborious and tedious Pilgrimage. With what pains did Abraham wander from Chaldaea, into the land of Canaan? How was Moses tormented in the Wilderness? almost to the loss of his soul; but absolutely never to come into the promised land. And for David, how miserably lived he, when he could not trust his own friends? this is the state of man, and to say truth, he differs in little (beside reason) from other creatures; and that either locked up in silence, or not expressed in some memorable action, makes him so much the more capable of misery: being only able to distinguish of joy and fear. And that these things may be the more apparent, I have endeavoured to collect out of the Works of others, this Treatise, wherein is briefly described the Travels of all the Prophets, Princes, etc. together with the condition of Cities, Countries, Islands and other memorable places, as they are mentioned in the Old and New Testaments. All which, that I might express that duty which hath a long time lain concealed, I have wholly dedicated to your LL. service: humbly entreating your favourable acceptance of my pains; that so being shrouded under your Ho. protection, they may the better withstand the adverse opinions of such as please to censure them. At your Hon. service, R.B. The Preface to the Reader. IT hath always been held a matter worth note (gentle Reader) even to the best Divines, to have the typographical description of the towns and places, as they are mentioned in the Scriptures; and so much the rather, because by comparing the actions of men with the beginnings and end of Cities, they might the better understand the Prophets, and perceive the wonderful providence of God; who by his omnipotency so disposeth of Estates, that such Cities and Nations which have been mighty and ruled upon the earth, with great power, notwithstanding on a sudden, and by unexpected events, have been utterly subverted and overthrown. Now that these things might be more apparent, I have in as good and brief a method as I can, gathered out of sundry Authors, the particular description of the Cities, Towns, and places, as they are mentioned in the Scriptures; where they stood, under whose command, at what time they grew mighty, and how lost and decayed. To this also I have added a particular narration of the Travels of all the holy Patriarches, Prophets, Princes, judges, Kings, Emperors, our blessed Saviour, and his Apostles: to what towns they traveled, what memorable actions they did in those places; with a short Chronologie of the times: that so by comparing this discourse with any text of Scripture, you may perceive the time when those accidents happened. All which things (I am persuaded) will prove no less pleasant than profitable, and will give a great light to the understanding of the Bible. But if you question with me, How it is possible that I should come to the knowledge of those things, considering that Babylon, Ninivey, jerusalem, and most of the Cities of the Holy Land, are long since wasted and decayed? to this I answer; therein consists the greatness of the Travel, because I have been constrained to use the help of many Authors, who amongst other long and learned discourses, have here and there glanced at the actions that were done in the land of judaea: amongst which are Strabo, Jerome, de Locis Hebraicis, Pliny, Livy, Plutarch, and many others, who have described in the actions of the Persians, Chaldaeans, Grecians, and Romans, the state of the jews as it stood in those times, with the Description of the Cities, and towns. And Saint Jerome, who lived in that country, took a great deal of pains to rectify these imperfect discourses which more obscure authors have laboured in, and left to future ages; that so those which would, might by their diligence, and care make them useful to inform their understanding, both concerning the state of the jews, and the obscure meaning of some of the prophecies. Also the situation and destruction of jerusalem, a thing pleasant and profitable to know, and no whit unworthy your consideration. How all or the most part of the Towns, Cities, Countries, Nations, Islands, Seas, Deserts, Mountains, and most memorable places, are situated from it; how many miles English they stand distant, what memorable actions have been done in them, and for the most part where they stood, and how they are at this day. Besides (to make this a perfect work) you shall find after the end the old Testament, and before the beglnning of the new; a discourse concerning the weights, measures, and moneys which are mentioned in the Scriptures, reduced unto our valuation, how they were currant among the jews, how with other people, nations, and countries: by which means that necessity of commutative justice, for which moneys were principally invented, will be apparent; and by this means you shall perceive what equality there is and hath been used amongst Nations, for the ordaining of measures and moneys: by which you may perceive, that this universe being compared together, seemeth but one large and spacious Empire, howsoever under diverse governments. Again, the peregrination of our Saviour, the manner of his wonderful nativity, his long and tedious journeys, the condition of his estate whiles he was upon the earth, and (as near as can be guest) at what time he did most of his miracles; how he behaved himself when he was betrayed, with a description of the manner of his death: and the Travels of Peter, Paul, and many other of his Apostles after his death. All which things I have with much labour compiled together for your profit, and expect nothing in recompense for my pains, but your love. And so I commit you to God Yours, R.B. A BRIEF DECLARATION of Geometrical Measures. A Degree of the Heavens is 15 German or Dutch miles; one minute is one quarter of a Dutch mile: so that four minutes makes a Dutch mile. A Dutch mile is four thousand paces: Diversity of Miles. the Spanish miles be very near so long as the Dutch. A French mile is two thousand paces: a Walloon or Italian mile is a thousand paces; so that four Walloon miles make a Dutch mile. The word mile is derived from the Latin word Mille; for one thousand paces make a Wallon mile, as Gualtherus H. Revius writeth. Of Stades or Furlongs, THis word Stadium in Latin, in English a Furlong, is a measure of ground, whereof there be three sorts, Italicum, Olympicum, Pythicum. That of Italy contained 625 feet, which is 125 paces, half a quarter of an Italian mile. The second sort was of the hill Olympus in Greece, where was a game or prize kept by the Princes and Cities of Greece every fifth year, in the honour of Hercules, who first began it. This measure of ground Stadium Olympicum contained 600 feet, that is, 120 paces. The third kind of stade or furlong contained 1000 feet, which is 200 paces; whereof haply arose the difference of Pliny and Diodorus Siculus in describing Sicily. Fifteen Dutch miles make a Degree, What a Furlong is. and a Degree of the heavens answereth to 480 furlongs upon earth; whereby it is manifest that 32 furlongs is a German or common Dutch mile. One minute equalleth eight Furlongs, which make an Italian or Wallon mile, the fourth part of a Dutch mile. Two minutes of the heavens or sixteen furlongs make a Dutch mile. Four half of a Dutch mile. Three minutes equal 24 stades or Furlongs, which make three quarters of a Dutch mile. Four minutes equal 32 furlongs, that is to say, a Germane or Dutch mile. The holy Evangelists, S. Luke, ca 24. ver. 13. and S. john, ca 11. ver. 8. reckon the way by Furlongs. S. Luke saith the Town Emaus was distant from jerusalem sixty Furlongs: and Saint john saith Bethania was 15 Furlongs distant from jerusalem. Whence it appeareth, that Emaus was distant from jerusalem almost two Dutch miles, seven Wallon miles and a half; and Bethania almost half a Dutch mile, which is a mile, a half, & half a quarter. josephus writeth, That Mount Olivet was distant from jerusalem five Furlongs, that is a little more than half a quarter of a Dutch mile, which is half an Italian mile and half a quarter. The same josephus saith, That the circuit of the city of jerusalem was 33 Furlongs, a Dutch mile and half a quarter. Others say it was four miles in compass, which being understood of Italian or Walloon miles, make little or no difference, seeing it is but the half of a half quarter of a Dutch mile. Strabo writeth, That the city of Babylon was 380 Furlongs in circuit, that is twelve Dutch miles. The circuit of Samaria was twenty furlongs, that is half a Dutch and half a quarter, which is two Italian miles and a half. How the Romans measured their miles. THe Romans measured their miles by paces, which they call Passus, and that kind of measuring is done after this manner; Four barley corns laid long-ways one by the other make the breadth of a finger, four fingers broad make the breadth of an hand, four hands broad make the length of a foot, which measure is now extant; five feet make a Geometrical or great pace; one hundred twenty five such paces are a Furlong; eight Furlongs are one thousand paces or Wallon mile; two thousand paces are a French mile. Ex granis quatuor formabitur unus. Est quater in palmo digitus, quater in pede palmus, Quinque pedes passum faciunt, passus quoque centum Viginti quinque stadium daunt: Sed milliare Octo dabunt stadia; duplicatum sit tibi Leuca. Four thousand paces are a Dutch mile, I mean a common Dutch mile, whereof fifteen are reckoned to a degree of the heavens; for the Switfer miles are commonly a quarter of a Dutch mile longer than common Dutch miles. But through this book by miles we understand common Dutch miles, whereof four thousand paces make a mile. Whosoever will understand S. jerom well, de locis Haebraicis, must mark whether he reckons by miles or by stones: the miles specified by him are Wallon miles, whereof four make a Dutch mile as aforesaid: the stone whereof he writeth (whereby also they did measure and divide the way) are reckoned six to a Dutch mile. To the end that all men that have any little understanding in Geometry and Cosmography may make the Tables, and cast them, and at their pleasure enlarge or diminish them; I have here for their direction set down the longitude and latitude of the most principal towns: the former number show the degrees and minutes of the longitude, the later numbers declare the degrees and minutes of the latitude. Long. Latit. SIdon 67.51 33. ●0 Tyrus 67.00 33.23 Zarepta 67.10 33.28 Kedes 67.14 33.00 Chabul 67.04 33.04 Rechob 67.13 33.14 Abela Betha macha 67.20 32.59 Senim Vallis 97.01 32.58 Carmel 66 35 32.50 Cana maior 67.13 33.24 Cana minor 67.52 32.48 Nazereth 66 56 32.42 Tabor 66.45 32.38 Capernaum 66 53 32.29 Bethsaida 66.51 32.29 Corazim 66.53 32.29 Tyberias 66. 4● 32.27 Magdalum 66.48 32.28 Dora 66.25 32.08 Caesarea S●ratonis 66.19 32.25 Lydda 65.43 32.06 joppen 65.40 32.05 Messada castellum 66.21 31.47 Maetum lacus 66.36 32.25 Sunem 66.33 32.33 Naim 66 35 32.33 Napthalis 6●. 06 32.57 Bethoron superior 66 00 32.14 Bethoron inferior 65.54 32.00 Gazar 66.10 32.20 Bethsan 66 41 32.23 Endor 66.26 32.27 Megiddo 66.02 32.32 Thebetz 66.30 32.25 Aphec 6 .28 32 32 Gilim 66.25 32 22 Alexandrium 66.23 32.11 Thirzo 66.20 32.13 Zilo 65.58 31.58 Beseck 66 34 32.24 Michmas 66.06 32.04 Samaria 66.22 32.19 Nobe 65.45 32.03 Gazeron 65.45 31.59 Emmahus 65.54 31.59 jericho 66.10 32.01 Aialon 65.56 31.56 Anathot 66.01 31.57 Gibea Saulis 66.57 31.55 Kiriath-jearim 65.58 31.55 jerusalem 66.00 31.55 Bahurim 66.03 31.56 Ephraim 66.08 32.00 Gilgal 66.12 32.01 Esthaol 65.36 31.54 Timnah 65.48 32.03 Zarea 65.51 31.55 Gedor 65.44 31.59 Modin 65.45 32.01 Bethania 66.01 31.54 Bethlehem 65.55 31.51 Debir 66.10 31.58 jarmouth 65.37 31.51 Azecha 65.51 31.54 Lachis 65.51 31.49 Eglon 65.50 31.48 Makeda 65.49 31.52 Libna 95.49 31.50 Debir 65.32 31.46 Bethsur 65.47 31.48 Kechila 65.38 31.47 Maresa 65 42 31.54 Maon 65.38 31.41 Carmel 65.40 31.44 Ziph 65.38 31 43 Arah 65.45 31.37 Hebron 65.33 31.45 Gerer 65.37 31.42 Kades barnea 65.22 31.29 Adar 65.12 31.32 Carcaha 65.06 31.30 Hasmona 65.00 31.30 Bethsemes 65.55 31.55 Beersabah 65.31 31.40 Siclag 65.15 31.37 Ecron 65 ●0 31.58 Azotus 65.35 31.00 Astalon 65.24 31.52 Gath 65.23 31.48 Gaza 65.11 31.40 The towns lying on this side of the river jordan. Dan 67 25 33.08 jor ●ons 67 31 33 07 Caesarea Philippi 67 30 33.05 Seleucia 67.17 32.50 Eruptio fluvij ex Samachoniride palude 67.11 32.44 Capernaum 66.53 31.29 Eruptio fluvij è mare Genezareth 66 43 32.21 Ephion 66.42 32.20 Ennon 66.40 32.16 Gamala 66.55 32.25 Salem 66.37 32.18 Chrit torrens 66.16 31.57 Ostia jordanis 66.17 31.54 Engedi 66.22 31.43 Zoar vel Sagor 66.17 31.38 Eruptio Zered 66.19 31.34 Towns standing beyond Jordan. Mirba 66.50 32.20 Astharoth 67.00 32.26 Astaroth 66.57 32.23 Gadara 66.48 32.23 Machanaim 66.44 32.19 jaczar 66.39 32.12 Hesbon 66.28 32.05 jabes 66.55 32.21 Ramah 66.51 32.20 Nobach 66.38 32.16 jachsa 66.28 32 02 Aroer 66.30 32.00 Macherus 66.23 31.56 Minith 66.36 32.66 Midian 66.30 31.55 Didon 66.32 32.06 Punuel 66.39 31.18 Edrei 66.15 32.21 Abela Vinearum 67.00 32.23 Philadelphia 67.10 32.22 Pella 67.03 32.20 Phiala fons 67.43 33.05 Betharan 67.30 32.08 Pisgamons 66 26 32.01 Abarim montes 66.29 31.58 Towns in Egypt. Memphis 61.50 29.50 Heliopolis 62.15 29.59 Tanis 63.30 29.50 Taphnis 62 30 31.00 Only 60.30 30.10 Alaxandria 60.30 31.00 Mercurij civitas magna 61.40 28.55 Mercurij civitas parua 61.00 30.50 Delta magnum 62.00 30 00 Xois 62.30 30.45 Busitis 62.30 30.15 H●sinoe 63.20 29.10 Solis fons 58.15 28.00 Journeys out of Egypt. Raemses 63.00 30.05 Pihachiroth 62.50 29.40 Mara 63.35 29.50 Elim 63.45 29.50 juxta mare 63.55 29.45 Paran promontorium 65.00 29.00 Daphea 64.14 29.46 Alus 64.30 29.46 Raphiddim 64.40 29.53 Sinai mons 65.00 30.00 Hazeroth 65.50 30.14 Zephor mons 65.54 30.50 Mozeroth 64.18 39.04 Hasmona 65.09 31.30 Gidgad mons 65.30 30.20 jothabatha 65.30 26.40 Habrona 65.30 29.40 Hesion Gaber 65.30 29.20 Sin 66.00 29.56 Hor mons 66.00 30.25 Salmona 66.25 30.40 Phunon 66.30 30.54 Oboth 66 50 31.04 jeabarim 67.00 31.18 Zered rorrens & vallis 66.44 31.20 Didon Gad 66.48 31.32 Almon diblathaim 66.48 31.24 Chedemoth solitudo 66.56 32.00 Beer puteus 66.50 23.00 Marthana Solitudo 66.49 23 00 Nathaleel 66.40 00.23 Bamoth valley 66.30 32.00 Towns in Arabia Petraea. Petra 65.40 31.18 Paran 94.30 30.04 Midian 65.30 29.15 Hesion gebar 65 35 29.00 Elana villa harla velelath 95.35 29.15 Ostia Nili. Canopicum 66.50 31.05 Bolbithinum 61.30 31.05 S●benniticum 61.45 31.05 Pathmiticum 91.35 31.10 Mendesium 62.45 31.10 Pelusiacum 63.15 31.15 Thon 63.00 31.30 Sirbonis lacus eruptio 65.45 31.50 Sirbonis lacus 63.30 31.10 Idem 63.45 31.10 Civitas Pelusium 36.25 31.20 Rhinocorura 94.40 31.10 Some other great Towns. Babylon 76.00 35.00 Antiochia 60 30 33.35 Damascus 68.55 33.00 Palmira 72.40 35.10 Vr chaldeorum 78.00 39.40 Ecbathana 88.00 37.45 Rages in Media 93.40 36.04 Sula in Persia 83.00 34.15 Persepolis 91.00 33.20 Heccatompilon in Parthia 96.0 37.50 Zaba in Arabia foelix 97.00 13.00 Meroe 61.30 16.25 Haram in Mesopotania 75 15 36.10 Hyrcania 98.30 40.00 Ciraenae 50.00 31.20 The description of the City of jerusalem, as it was before Titus Vespasian destroyed it. THe most holy and beautiful city of jerusalem, was twice destroyed; first by Nabuchadnezzar, the most puissant King of Babylon, who did utterly beat down and overthrew the City, burning the costly Temple, which King Solomon had built. After that, Zorobabel and the high Priest joshua, when they returned from the captivity of Babylon, re-edified and built again both the City and the Temple, in the year before the birth of Christ, 535. But the second temple which was built after their return, was neither so fair, nor so great as the first; for it was twenty * Cubitus, is a foot, and an half, six hand bredths, four and twenty fingers broad, being in former times the fourth part of the height of a man: Cubitus, a cubando, the arm that men use to lean upon, from the elbow to the hand. Victru: lib. 3. Cal. Lexicon. Cubits lower than the former. After that, King Herod, 17 years before the birth of Christ, caused the said Temple to be broken down again (as josephus saith) and erected another new Temple in place thereof, which nevertheless was not like the first temple that Solomon builded, as touching the greatness; but it was exceeding fairly decked and adorned with gold and silver, so that in regard of the beautifulness thereof, it was a wonder unto all that came to jerusalem. Which Temple (40 years after Christ's death and Ascension) was also utterly destroyed by Titus, the son of Flavius Vespasian the Emperor. I will describe the form of the City jerusalem, as it was before it was defaced by Titus, the son of Vespasian; and therewithal I will show, how the costly Ornaments, which Solomon placed therein, stood: for, seeing that the two brazen Pillars and the great Molten sea, were not therein, when our Lord jesus Christ lived upon earth, being broken down by Nabuchadnezzars soldiers, it is therefore necessary and very requisite to be known how they stood, and to the end that the Reader may be fully satisfied, I will also first declare the city of jerusalem as it was in those days, with the chiefest Places, Walls, Towers, Gates, Houses, Castles, Fountains, Hills, Valleys, and all the principal things therein. How the City jerusalem is situate, and standeth distant from Germany. THe Town of Neurenberch is situate in the middle of Germany, or near thereabouts, and jerusalem is distant from Neurenberch five hundred * Which make 2000 miles English. miles: but if you will travel to Venice, and from thence to jerusalem, it is five hundred and fifty * Which make 2200 miles. miles. The situation of jerusalem. IErusalem was four square, Of the situation of the Mountains whereon jerusalem stood. and situated upon four mountains, viz. Mount Zion, Mount Moriah, Mount Acra, and Moun Bezetha. Mount Zion was the highest of all, and lay within the city of jerusalem towards the South, whereon stood King David's house or the castle of Zion, and the uppermost town. Mount Moriah, whereon the Temple stood, with other excellent buildings and Towers, was on the East side of the city, within the Walls. Mount Acra, whereon the lower town was built, stood Westward in the city, where Annas, Caiphas, Pilot, Herod Agrippa, Bernice, Helena, and other Kings and great Princes dwelled. The holy City of jerusalem may in this manner be briefly described. THe most holy and beautiful City of jerusalem (if any would consider the three principal parts of the World, The description of jerusalem. Europe, Asia, and Africa) stood in the midst of the World, upon most high mountains and rocks, like an earthly Paradise, a lively figure of the everlasting City of God. This City, being the metropolitan or principallest City of the jews, stood in the Tribe of Benjamin; at the first it was called Salem, that is, Peaceable: when Melchisedech, the Priest of God, reigned therein, which he also built after the Deluge (as josephus and Egisippus write.) But at that time, it was not very great; for it stood only upon Mount Zion. Mount Moriah, where Abraham would have offered his son Isaac, stood without the City, and after that they took it into the City, as when time serveth it shall be declared. After the death of Melchisedech, unto whom Abraham paid the Tithes of all his goods, the jebusites dwelled in the City of jerusalem, and had the dominion of it, and all the land thereabouts in their subjection, called the City jebus, after their name; which name was held a long time, as we read in josuah the 10. jud. 10. & 2. Samuel, 1. But at the last joab, King David's General of his Army, won it, & drove the jebusites out of it, and called it jerusalem, that is, a sight or vision of Peace. It hath also other names in the holy Scripture, for in Esay 29. it is called Ariel, that is, God's Lion, and mount Libanus. * Because it was made of the Cedar trees which came ●ut of Mount Libanus. The Prophet Ezechiel 23. calleth it Ahaliba, my fixed Pavilion or Tent, that is, a City wherein God had placed his own habitation. The circuit and bigness of the City jerusalem. THe City of jerusalem was four square, and in circumference three and thirty * Which make four English miles and one furlong. furlongs, as josephus writeth, which three and thirty Furlongs make somewhat more than a Dutch mile. Some writ that it was four miles compass about, yet these were not Dutch miles, but Wallon or Italian miles: for four such Italian miles are a Dutch mile. Of mount Zion the higher City. MOunt Zion stood Northwards in the City jerusalem, and was much higher than all the other Hills that were therein, therefore it was called Zion, that is, a watch Tower▪ because from thence one might see the Holy land, and all the countries thereabout: upon this Hill, the upper City was built, which in the Scripture is called the City of David, because David won it from the jebusites, and beautified it with many goodly houses, & fair and costly buildings: but especially with his house of Cedar wood, which he termed the castle of Zion, which stood Westwards at the corner of the Hill, looking into Bethlehem Southwards. In that house David dwelled, and therein committed adultery with Berseba the wife of Vriah the Hittite; whose house also with the place of diverse privy Councillors and officers, stood upon the said Hill, not fare from the King's Palace, as josephus writeth. Beneath King David's house, upon Mount Zion, within a Rock, there was to be seen the sepulchre or vault wherein King David, Solomon his son, and other succeeding Kings of juda, were entombed and buried. Upon mount Zion also (towards the East) King Herod had a Garden of pleasure, not fare from the Fountain called Silo, Nemiah 3. and there also stood the Tower of Silo, whereof Luke in the 13 chapter maketh mention. josephus (in the wars of the jews, his first book, and sixteenth chapter) saith, That King Herod under whom Christ jesus was borne, had two fair and strong houses or Towers, which he set and made in the upper part of the City jerusalem, upon mount Zion, which were in a manner comparable with the Temple for beautifulness, which he called after the name of his friends; the one Caesarea, for Caesar the Emperor's sake; and the other Agrippa, according to the name of the noble Roman Marcus Agrippa, that married the daughter of Augustus Caesar. This may suffice to declare the situation of the upper City, which stood upon mount Zion, and contained in circuit fifteen furlongs, which is about half a mile. This uppermost City, in the sacred Scripture is called the City of David, it was also cal-Millo, that is, fullness or plenty, for in it there was no want, but abundance of all things. Of the steps which descended down from the city of David unto the lower City. MOunt Zion, whereon the upper city of jerusalem did stand, was such a high hard hill, and so steep, that no man could climb or ascend unto it by any way or means but only one, that is, by steps; for in the middle thereof there was a great pair of stairs made, which descended from David's City unto the lower City, That is, 26 yards in height. into the valley or dale of gates, called Thyroreion, which stairs were 780 foot * high, as johannes Heydonius writeth; and beneath in the valley of Thyroreion, over against the valley of Cedron, at the foot of the stairs stood a gate, which was called the gate of Zion; and they which went up to mount Zion must pass through that gate, and so up those stairs: but it is thought nevertheless, that in some other part of the hill there was some winding or other obliqne way made, by which, horses and chariots by little and little might ascend. Allegorical or Spiritual significations of mount Zion. SIon in Hebrew signifieth a sure hold or goodly aspect; for that from the top thereof a man might have seen all the land lying thereabouts; and was a type of the highest heavens, or habitation of Almighty God, from whence he beholdeth all things upon earth; from which throne and heavenly habitation he descended into this lower jerusalem, and became our Redeemer & Saviour, that so we being purged by his blood, from all our sins and imperfections, he might bring us into that heavenly jerusalem which is eternal glory. Of Mount Moriah on which the Temple stood. MOunt Moriah stood Eastward within jerusalem, which was a most hard stony hill, from whence towards the rising of the Sun, men by stairs might easily descend; but round about on the other three sides it was steep and unapprochable, like a stone wall: yet it was not so high as Mount Zion, howbeit it was exceeding high, extending and reaching 600 foot in height: and on the top thereof was a very fair plain, like unto that of Mount Zion, whereon in times past Abraham builded an Altar, and would have offered his son Isaac for a Sacrifice, Gen. 22. At which time, when Abraham obeyed the commandment of God, intending to have offered his son Isaac upon the Hill, and thereon had made an Altar, than the said Hill lay without the City: but long time after, about the space of 850 years, when King David had conquered jerusalem, and driven thence the jebusites; to enlarge the City, he compassed in Mount Moriah and Mount Acra with a wall, upon which there stood many goodly buildings. And amongst other things worthy observation, upon this Mount stood the Barn or Threshing floor of * Or Arauna. Arafna the jebusite, wherein King David built an Altar, offered burnt Offerings, & besought the Lord that the Angel of God (whose hand was stretched over jerusalem, holding a bloody sword, and had smitten the City with the pestilence) might cease from punishing the same, and the plague ceased. On the same place where the Barn of Arafna the jebusite stood, King Solomon also did build the Temple, 1. Paral. 23. 24. joseph. Antiq. jud. lib. 23. 24. An Allegorical or Spiritual interpretation of Mount Moriah. MOriah is as much to say, as The Lord's Myrrh, and signifieth our Lord jesus Christ, which is the true Myrrh & sweet smelling Sacrifice unto God; a steadfast Rock, an immoveable Foundation, whereon God's Church and the members thereof are built, Esay 28. Matt. 16. Upon this Rock will I build my Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. Moriah is also expounded to be Cultus & timor Domini, the worship and fear of God; and that in the same place the figurative service of God should begin and continue until the coming of Christ. The description of the Temple of jerusalem. THe Temple stood upon Mount Moriah, was fairly built, & artificially contrived, of white Marble stones, which were so well conjoined or closed together, that a man could not see or perceive the junctures or crests of them: and the inner Walls of it were made all of Cedar wood, carved with the similitude of Angels, Cherubins, roots of Palm trees, and with flowers of diverse kinds, gilded all over with pure gold, and set with precious stones; insomuch that all parts of the upper roof within the Temple, did shine with the lustre of it. The pavement thereof also was plated all over with fine Gold; so that all the Temple within, both above, under foot, and on every side and corner thereof, was gilded clean over: but without it was of smooth polished white marble stone, excellently beautiful, and fair to the eye, That is, a hundred cubits, which make fifty yards English; so that the Temple was fifty yards long, fifty broad, and sixty high. much resembling the colour of any Pearl, Vnit or Margaret. It was in length a hundred else, in breadth a hundred else, and in height a hundred and twenty else, as josephus writeth in the old acts and wars of the jews, in his fifteenth book and fourteenth chapter. The roof thereof was made of thin planks of Olive wood, all covered over with plates of gold: it was adorned with sharp and plain spikes of gold, lest birds should defile it with their dung. When any man traveled to jerusalem, and saw the temple fare off when the Sun shined thereon, the white marble stones and the golden roof thereof; did cast such a light and reflexing brightness from them, that it did make the beholder's eyes dark and blind with looking upon it. Within the Temple there was the most sacred Choir, which stood at the West end thereof, the which Choir was form four square, that is, twenty else broad, long, and high. This Choir was called the Holy of Holiest, wherein it was lawful for no man to enter, but the high Priest, and he also but once in a year, which was on the Feast day of the Propitiatory Sacrifice, to appease God's wrath. In the middle part of the Choir there stood two Cherubins, made of Olive wood, covered all over with fine gold, whose Faces and Forms were like unto young Children; the height of them was ten else; each of them had two wings, which were five else broad; they stood one right against the other, so that with the innermost wings they touched together, and the uttermost sides of the wings touched the sides of the Choir: their faces looked wards the East: in the middle under the wings of the Cherubins was placed the Ark of the Covenant; but after the Babylonian captivity the Ark of the Covenant stood no more there; for then the Holy of holiest was empty, and nothing seen in the second Temple but the two Cherubims, as is aforesaid. The wall of this Choir was of pure gold, excellent fair and curiously graved: In this wall of the most holy choir there was a gate made all of gold which had two leaves or little doors that opened & shut, very curiously embossed; through which doors men went into the most holy Choir, where the Lord did answer by Urim and Thummim; there the Cherubims stood, and before that gate there did hang a rich Veil or Curtain which was made of fine silk, woven very artificially, wherein there was wrought the picture of the Cherubims, with Needlework of diverse colours. This was the same Veil which at the passion of Christ did rend in sunder from the top to the bottom; to show that then Aaron's Leviticall Sacrifices were abolished, and now every man may freely approach (thorough the mercy of his dearly beloved Son) unto the presence of God's heavenly Throne. Before the most sacred Choir there was builded towards the East a place within the Temple containing forty els in length, twenty in breadth and thirty in height, closed up on both sides with golden walls, which was called the Holy place or Sanctuary of the Temple, wherein no man might enter but only the Priest, when he offered Incense, and prayed unto God. In the middle of that Holy place there stood an Altar, covered with plates of gold; near unto which the Angel Gabriel appeared unto Zacharias, and brought him the glad tidings, That Elizabeth his wife should bear him son whose name should be john, who should prepare the way of Christ. At the South end of this Altar upon the one side stood the holy Candlesticks, and at the other end on the other side stood a golden Table whereupon the Show bread was set. And in this holy place there stood ten Tables more for the meat Offerings, and ten golden Candlesticks more, which were beautified with Lamps, Lilies, and other fair flowers. The opening doors whereby men went into the Holy place were also very rich and costly, made of gold, with carved Cherubims, Palm trees, and broad flours thereupon. And before those doors also there were hanging veils or curtains, very curiously wrought. On both sides of the Temple there were certain Walks or Galleries, which were three stories high one above an other, and on the right side there stood a pair of turning stairs, by the which men went up to the Chamber of the Temple, and there all the small Vessels and other things belonging to the Temple were kept. The roofs of these Galleries were all plated over with gold, but that part was somewhat lower than the principal part of the Temple. The Windows of the Temple were wide within and narrow without. The gates of the Temple were made of pure gold, five and twenty els high, and sixteen els broad; but especially the gate that stood Eastward in the Temple was exceeding high, which in the second Book of Kings, cap. 25. is called the High gate: and as josephus saith, the said gate was 90 els high, the doors whereof were forty els long and twenty els broad, gilt all over, and richly embossed, beautified with Cherubims and precious stones. The wall before this gate towards the East was pure gold, embossed and curiously engraven in manner of Vines, with great golden leaves as big as the stature of a man, whereon there did hang the picture and form of grapes, which were made of fine Crystal. Within that high gate also there did hang a Veil or Curtain as long and broad as the gate within: This Veil was made of a piece of Babylonian Tapestry, wonderfully wrought, and made of Silk, beautified with diverse colours, of Scarlet, Purple, and Velvet; and as josephus writeth, the Sphere of the heavens was wrought therein, but the twelve Signs were not, and when the wind blew, the Veil did move like a Vane. Of the Porches or open Courts of the Temple. BEfore the high gate of the Temple towards the East there were three Porches or Courts open without roofs, which were made all of polished stone with fair marble pillars, beautified with all kind of colours, in which Porches men praised and served God. The first was called the upper Porch, where none but the priest might enter when he offered and served God; which porch stood next unto the high Quire. The second was called Solomon's Hall or Porch; there the people used to pray, and in that court our Saviour Christ preached, john 10. The third porch King Herod built, adding that thereto for the heathen people which also came unto jerusalem to pray. These three porches went four square round about the Temple, as the Temple itself was, and between these porches there were also spaces left, supported with pillars of marble, and close above the head for men to walk under when it reigned, which were all made of Cedar and Cypress wood, and of marble stone beautified with gold. But towards the East, right over against the high Choir of the Temple, there the Porches were broadest and greatest. Here gentle Reader you must note, that as often as in the Description of the Temple I speak of certain els, you must not understand such els as we use here in our Country, but only of the Geometrical else or elbows, which are called Cubits, being the length of one foot and a half or six hands in breadth, and two such els or Cubits do contain three foot, which make a yard of our measure. The first Temple, which King Solomon built, had but two Porches, as also the second Temple which Zorobabel & joshuah or jesus the son of jozedeck made after the captivity in Babylon; but that was twenty cubits lower, and enclosed about with two porches also. But King Herod Ascalonita the great King of the jews, son of Antipater Idumaeus, 16 years before the birth of Christ pulled down that Temple, and built a new Temple up from the ground, which was like to Solomon's Temple, but that it had three porches: for Herod built the third Porch to the intent that the heathen people might pray therein, as a sanctuary for pilgrims and strangers, as josephus writeth, Antiq. jud lib. 21, ca 14. & de Bello judaeo, lib. 6. ca 6. Item Egesippus, lib. 1. cap. 35, 36. But some do think, which is more likely, that the said Herod did but repair and add buildings to the second Temple. And where josephus, lib. 2. contra Appionem, writeth of four Porches, whereas principally there were but three; it is to be understood that solomon's Portch was made with a wall in the middle thereof, wherein on the North side the jewish women that were unspotted or undefiled used to pray; and on the other side (being South) the jewish women who also according to the Law were unspotted, prayed; as josephus saith, lib. 6. cap. 6. de Bello judaeo. A particular description of the three several Porches or Courts belonging to the Temple. IN the upper Porch which stood right over against the high Choir in the Temple, there was an Altar of brrasse proportioned four square, consisting of twenty cubits in length, & twenty cubits in breadth, extending to ten cubits in height, beautified with golden horns, whereon they used to offer burnt sacrifices of Oxen, Sheep, Turtle Doves, Calves, and other things. Also in times passed there stood the great molten Sea made by King Solomon, and the two brazen Pillars which were made with knobs, Pomegranates, and Lilies, very costly and most artificially done; and ten Kettles upon Trevets; but those kettles and pillars with knobs and pomegranates, and the great molten Sea made by King Solomon, were carried away by Nabuchadnezzar King of Babylon, and broken in pieces; after which captivity they were never seen more in the Temple, for there were no more made. But the Altar of Brass with the great horns, whereon they offered oxen, sheep and Doves, was made again and stood there, as I said before, by which there stood diverse Tables whereon they killed their Offerings. In this Court also there was a goodly Fountain, with the Water whereof they used to wash the blood of the beasts out of the Temple. For there were certain holes and gutters between the marble stones, whereby the water ran under the earth, and through the earth was conveyed in a pipe into the Lake Kidron. In this Court Zacharias the son of Barrachias was killed, between the Temple and the Altar, Mat. 23. And Zacharias the high priest the son of joiadah was stoned to death, 2 Chron. 24. It was compassed about with a great wall made of Marble stone of diverse colours, wherein there were diverse doors to go out out and in, decked with lofty towers and pleasant walks made of Cedar wood, resembling our ancient Cloisters. But principally toward the East it had a great gate of seventy els or cubits high and twenty five broad, all covered over with gold (as josephus writeth) standing always open, without any doors to shut, that every man might look into it when the Priest served God. If any man offered any thing, he brought it to the Priest before the gate, but might not go in himself. jeremy, Chap. 26 and 36, calleth it the New gate. Here also was the Chapel of Gemaria the son of Saphan, in which Chapel Baruch read the book of the Prophet jeremy to the people, jeremy 36. And when the Sun was in Capricorn it shone right in at that gate, and through the high Choir of the Temple to the Holy of Holiest (as josephus writeth. Of the second or middle Court called Solomon's Porch. THis Court was something lower than the other, for from it to the uppermost they went by certain steps, and in the tenth of john is called Solomon's Porch; which (as josephus writeth) was parted in the middle with a Wall, wherein on the North side the jewish women that were clean and undefiled used to pray, and on the South the men, according to the Law * Masculi enim ab austria muliere a septentrione dominum innocarunt. : But no person, or stranger, or heathen, might enter therein; for on the East side thereof, before the steps whereon men ascended into the said porch, there stood a portal curiously made of marble stone, and between it stood pillars of marble, whereon was engraven in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Idumaean Tongues, this sentence, Omnis alienigena accidens ad habitaculum Domini moriatur; That is, If any stranger go into the house of God he shall surely die. And Herod also caused to be hanged over the Eastern gate by which they came into this Court, a golden Sword, with this Inscription, Peregrinus si fuerit ingressus moriatur; That is, If a Stranger be so bold to enter, let him die. So as no Stranger or Heathen might go into Solomon's Porch upon danger of his life. Here Simeon took the child jesus in his arms and said, Lord let now thy servant departed in peace according to thy word, for mine eyes have seen thy salvation, etc. At the same time also the Prophetess Anna the daughter of Phaneul, of the tribe of Ashur, made a notable prophecy of the child jesus to all the people of Israel, Luk. 2. and after jesus was baptised, in this place he taught, wrought miracles, and did many worthy and memorable actions. The Apostles also commonly met together in this court, & here the holy-Ghost descended upon them. Here stood the Treasury which Heliodorus thought to have rob, but was prevented by the Angel of God, 2 Mac. 3. This was the same Treasury wherein the poor widow cast the two mites, whom Christ commended for the same as appears Mark 12. Upon which S. Ambrose saith, Deny not to cast two mites into this Treasury, that is, Faith and Grace, sith by them thou shalt be made capable of a celestial kingdom; neither flatter thyself with thy riches, because thou canst give more than the poor, for God respects not how much, but with what devotion thou givest thy reward, Amb. li. de Viduo, & Epist. li. 9 Ep. 76. And here Christ absolved the Adulteress that was accused to him, being sorry for her offence; saying, I came not to condemn, but to save sinners that repent. Upon which S. Chrysostom saith, Although thou art a publican, yet thou mayst be made an Evangelist; though a persecuter of the Church, yet an Apostle; though a thief, yet of the city of Paradise; though a Magician, yet thou mayst worship God: for there is no sin so dangerous but repentance may obtain pardon. Not far from this Treasury there stood certain galleries curiously adorned with marble pillars, the root whereof was plaited with silver and gold, and was close above the head, that when it reigned, men might walk under them dry, and indeed did much resemble our ancient Monasteries. The doors of these walks were covered over with gold and silver; so also was that high gate whereby men went Eastward into Solomon's porch, and was 50 cubits high, and the doors forty, as josephus writeth. Of the third Court or porch, wherein the heathens used to pray, commonly called the Hall of the Gentiles, or outward Court. THis court was not built by the kings of Israel, but by Herod, when the rest of the Temple was re-edified, some sixteen years before the birth of Christ, and about six and forty before he began to preach, john 4. It was so spacious and sumptuously built that it amazed the beholders, containing an hundred cubits in breadth, and seven hundred and twenty cubits in length, lying Eastward towards the brook Kidron: the pavement was of marble of diverse colours, like the other Courts, the walls with the marble pillars were five and twenty cubits high, and the Walks about it very curiously made were thirty cubits broad. This was called Vestabulum Gentium, where the heathens as well as the jews might enter and pray. Out of this place Christ drove the Buyers and Sellers, overthrew the tables of the Money changers, and the seats of those that sold Doves, Io. 2. Mat. 21. And it stood something lower than Solomon's Porch. All these three Courts were enclosed within high walls and walks, resembling our Cloisters, where round about the Temple, at every corner of which stood very high Towers, whereon when the Sabbath day came, one of the Priests over might went and sounded a Trumpet, to signify that the next day was the Sabbath (for then there were no bells.) The wall of this uttermost Court (as josephus writeth) was in height (reckoning from the bottom to the Valley of Kidron) four hundred cubits, and adorned with goodly Towers, upon the Pinnacles of which were built Summer houses and fair Walks, from whence men might see into the Temple, and clean over the Town. These were called the Pinnacles of the Temple, and were so high, that when one looked down from them into the valley, their eyes dazzled in such manner that they could not see, as josep. writeth, li. Antiq. 15. ca 14. Upon one of these Pinnacles the Devil carried our Saviour Christ saying, If thou be the Son of God cast thyself down, etc. Mat. 4. And james the son of Alphaeus, by the commandment of Annas the high Priest, was from thence thrown into the valley of Cedron, and falling upon a Fuller's instrument died, Ios. Ant. 20, ca 8. etc. The gate towards the East was thirty cubits high, and had doors opening two ways, 15 cubits broad (as Ios. writeth) made of pure brass that shone like gold & silver, artificially made, and cunningly embossed, insomuch as it was called the beautiful gate of the temple: as Pet. & Io. was going into the temple by this gate they healed a man that had been borne lame from his mother's womb, Acts 3. When a man went Eastward the Gates were one higher than another. The first gate or the gate of the Heathens Court was thirty Cubits high. The second that entered into Solomon's Porch was 50 cubits: the third which went into the highest & last court was 70 cubits: and the great high gate of the temple was ninety Cubits high, so that every gate of the Temple was twenty Cubits one higher than another: And in these gates there were benches made for men to sit on. There were many other Gates and doors on both sides, some sixty, some twenty Cubits broad, all almost made of pure gold, and of such weightiness, that (as josephus writeth in his second book to Appius) two hundred men could scarce open and shut them. Egisippus writeth, That Vespasian coming before the Temple to assault it, commanded his Soldiers to burn one of the golden Gates (which then was shut) that so he might overcome the same, and with strong hand carry away a most glorious Victory. For it was wonderfully fortified both by Nature and Art; it had deep Ditches, lofty Towers like unto Castles of defence; and moreover, compassed about with Bulwarks and strong walls, insomuch that it was not possible to be won but with extreme difficulty and great labour. When the Gate was fired, the gold that ran from it was in great abundance: and by this means the Conquest was made easy. This shall suffice to have spoken of the Buildings of the Temple. The Allegorical or Spiritual meaning of the Temple. THe terrestrial Temple built by Solomon was partly a Figure of our Saviour Christ, and partly of his Church. For when the Son of God suffered the Temple of his holy body to be destroyed, and was risen again from the dead, john 2. Then he raised up to us the Christian Church, which is the true spiritual house and Temple wherein God dwelleth, 1 Cor. 6. The mystery of the white Marble. CHrist is the right white Marble stone which is without spot, And there is no deceit found in his mouth, Esay 53. joh. 8. this stone the Builders refused, but God chose it out as most precious, and made it the head of the corner, that we like living stones might be built upon it, Esay 21.8. 1 Pet. 2. The mystery of the Gold. THe Gold and precious stones in the Temple signified the Deity of Christ; for in him dwelled the fullness of the Deity 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, wholly and absolutely; and in him was contained the Fountain and treasure of all wisdom and knowledge, Col. 2. The mystery of the Cedar wood. AS the Cedar, Cypress, and Olive wood was neither subject to putrefaction, nor possible to be devoured with worms; so the humane nature of Christ was subject to no corruption, no putrefaction, Psal. 16. The mystery of the Cherubims. THe Temple also is a figure of the heavenly glory, & of everlasting life to come, where the Angels and Cherubims being engraven and pictured to the image of man, do represent the congregation of the blessed Angels and Saints, who in presence of the Lord sing a continual Te Deum laudamus, Apoc. 4. The two Cherubims placed upon the Mercy seat in the holy Choir, signify the old and new Testament, which contains the Doctrine of Christ: and as their wings touched one another, so the old & new Testament were joined together, the end of the one, the beginning of the other: the one continued to the end of the first world, the other shall continue to the end of the second; both had relation to Christ, to whom the ministry of God was committed. The mystery of the golden Door of the Temple. CHrist is the door of life by which we must enter into eternal happiness, joh. 10.14. the two doors signify a twofold knowledge before we can enter into this gate; that is, of his Person and Office. What the Veil of the Temple signified. THe Son of God our Lord jesus Christ hanging upon the altar of the Cross, is the true Veil that is put between God and us, shadowing with his wounds and precious blood the multitude of our offences, that so we may be made acceptable to his Father, Heb. 10. The mystery of the Ark of the Covenant. THe Ark of God made of Sittim wood, wherein was kept the pot of Manna, Aaron's Rod, and the Tables of the Commandments, Exod. 25. Heb. 9 represent as well our Saviour Christ, as the hearts of the Faithful: for as in Christ's breast was contained the doctrine both of the Law and Gospel, so likewise is it in the Faithful, though not in that measure. He was the true Manna that descended from heaven to give light unto the world, john 6. The Tables of the Law move us to mutual love and new obedience. Aaron's Rod flourishing with blossoms signifies the sweetness of the Gospel, and the glory of our high Priest jesus Christ of whom Aaron was a Type. The mystery of the golden Altar. THe sacrificing altar in the Sanctuary of the Temple, whereon were four golden horns, being made partly of Sittim wood, and partly of Gold, compassed about with a Crown of gold, represent the unity of the Humanity and Deity in our Saviour. For as the wood, naturally incorruptible, was beautified with refulgent gold; so the Humanity of Christ, not capable of any putrefaction, Psalm 16. being adorned with Celestial glory of the Deity, personally united to the Divine Nature, ascended up into the Heavens, and there sitteth at the right hand of his Father, crowned with a crown of majesty in eternal happiness, Psa. 8. The mystery of the golden Candlesticks. THe golden Candlestick with six branches and seven lights, signifies Christ and the Ministers of the church. Christ the foundation is the chief Priest and Light of the world, illuminating us to eternal life, joh. 1. The Doctors and Teachers of the church are the branches by whom Christ inlightneth his church with the sound and uncorruptible doctrine of the Gospel, Apoc. 1. Neither ought they to be separated from Christ, but by the light of their doctrine and sincere conversation be a lantern unto our feet, Psal. 119. that so their works may return to his glory and the good of his church. And as all the branches were united into the body of the Candlestick, so every Minister and faithful child of God ought to be united into the body of Christ, without any schismatical dissension or separation. The flowers and lilies denote the ornaments and graces of the holy Spirit, which Christ hath bountifully bestowed upon his Ministers. The Lights and lamps do admonish all godly Ministers to a diligent care, lest the light of God's divine word should either by men's traditions, or carnal and philosophical opinions, be either diminished, or by little and little abolished: but as often as such things happen, with the sincere doctrine of the Gospel to be purged and preserved. The mystery of the golden Table. THe golden Table whereon the Show bread stood, being compassed about with a precious crown, signifies the ministry of the Gospel. For the bread that is set before us is Christ that Bread of Life which descended out of heaven, john 6. and he by the ministry of the twelve Apostles is mystically offered unto us in the Sacrament of the Lords Supper, that whosoever eateth thereof as they ought might have eternal life. The Frankincense that stood by the bread admonisheth us, that earnest prayers and godly actions are to be used in the time of the administering of the Lord's supper. For as Macarius saith, If the devil was as strong as mountains, yet at the prayers of the Saints he melteth as wax before the fire. And S. Cyril saith, That Christ is the Table upon which the bread of life is set, whereby all the Faithful are nourished unto eternal life. And the Crown about this Table is the goodness and mercy of God, whereby we are crowned & brought to eternal happiness. S. jerom saith, That this Table was a figure of the table and the supper in the kingdom of God, Luk. 2. The Shewbread upon the table is the Son of God, which giveth life unto the world, john 6. The mystery of the golden Vine and the Crystal grapes. THe Vine in the East part of the temple made of shining gold, fitly resembles our Saviour Christ, who compared himself unto a Vine, and the Faithful unto the branches, saying, I am the true Vine, and whosoever is ingraffed into me shall have eternal life, Io. 15. The Crystal grapes do denote the doctrine of the Gospel, and the works of the Faithful, which are faith, love, hope, charity, patience, prayer, and works of grace, all which do inhere unto such as believe. The mystery of Oblations and Sacrifices. ALl the Oblations and Sacrifices of the old Testament were Types and figures of our Saviour, That as they were slain for the performance of the ceremonial law; so Christ for the salvation of man was slain and made a freewill Offering; by whose blood and mediation the sin of man is pardoned, and he made capable of eternal life, Esay 53. john 10. Heb. 9, etc. The mystery of the upper Court. THe upper Court was a figure of the spiritual Priesthood of jesus Christ, who hath made us all Priests and Kings, and hath beautified us with his guiltless death, 1 Pet. 2 The mystery of the Fountain and molten Sea standing upon twelve Oxen in the uppermost Court. THe molten Sea and Fountain was a figure of Baptism and that living water issuing from the wounds of Christ, whereby we are washed from all our sins; the Lavor of regeneration, whereby we are made capable of eternal life; that Well of water, whereof if we drink we shall never thirst. The twelve Oxen represent the twelve Apostles, whose voice have gone through the world (according to that in the Corinthians) and have carried the sea of Grace through all the parts of the earth. Of which Water (saith S. Augustine) if thou drinkest but one drop, it is more effectual to quench the thirst of worldly and insatiable desires, than an Ocean of earthly waters. The mystery of the middle Court. Solomons' Court, wherein Christ taught, and in which the jews used commonly to pray, was a figure of that Church which should be gathered from amongst the jews. For from thence he endeavoured first to assemble and gather together a Christian congregation, according to that which he spoke to the Canaanitish woman, Mat. 15. I am sent only to the lost Sheep of the house of Israel. Of the outward Court of the Gentiles. THis Court signified, That the Gentiles also should partake of the sheepfold and congregation of Christ, and be members of his holy Church; according to that of john 10. I have yet other Sheep which I must also bring hither, that so there might be one sheepfold, one Pastor, etc. Of the rest of the memorable Buildings standing upon mount Moriah. Having thus described the temple, together with the several courts & ornaments, all which did typically represent Christ & his church, I will now proceed to the rest of the buildings standing upon mount Moriah. The first and most memorable was the house of Solomon, which stood just against the Temple upon the South: it shined so with gold and silver, & was so stately and sumptuously built, that when queen Saba came to jerusalem she stood amazed to see it. There belonged to it diverse Courts and Walks, in one of which the Prophet jeremy was prisoner, jer. 37. Over against this he made the judgement hall, in which he placed the Ivory Chair spoken of 1 Kin. 10. He built by that another house for his Queen, she that was daughter of Pharaoh, 1 Kin. 7. But when Nabuchadnezzar conquered jerusalem, all these together with the Temple were burnt and utterly defaced. Of the Pool of Bethesda. Upon the North lay that sheepfold o● sequestered place called Bethesda, joh. 5. which hath five porches or Xenodochius, as some would have it: here Cattles came to drink, and the Priests used to wash their Sacrifices; because no unclean beast might come within the Temple, nor any thing that was foul or spotted be offered upon the Altar. The water was of reddish colour, and ran into that place in great abundance, and therefore it was called the house of effusion or pouring out. This was the place into which the Angel of God sometimes descended and troubled the water, after which whosoever stepped in was presently cured: and here our Saviour Christ healed the man that had been diseased 38 years, joh. 5. This place was made by King Hezekiah, who caused the water of the uppermost pool, which was called Gihen, not far from mount Calvary, to be conveied by pipes & passages through the earth, into the lower city called Acra, and so fell into this place, for which cause it was called the lower pool. The Allegory or mystery hereof is, That every one of Christ's Sheep ought to be washed in the pool of his blood, before they can be made fit sacrifices to enter into his Temple or church, 1 Io. 1. Of the tower or castle called Antonia. THis castle, as josep. hath it, lib. 6. de Bell. cap. 6. stood between two Courts of the Temple at the North-West corner; at first built by the Maccabees, and called by the name of Baris: but after, King Herod taking affection to that place, bestowed great cost upon it, walled it about, built up sumptuous towers, & made it very strong; then gave it the name of Antonia, in favour of Antonius that noble Roman; which Augustus a long time sustained after their decease. Of the Hall called Coenaculum Anguli. THis house stood upon an angle or cantle of the hill, and was therefore called Coenaculum Anguli: it was very large & spacious, and within had a great hall, whereof Nehem. cap. 3. maketh mention: and here, as some think, our Saviour Christ ate the Paschal Lamb with his Disciples; but I rather think it was in the suburbs. Of the Tower Ophel or the dark Tower. near to the valley of Cedron toward the East, not fare from the Temple, and near the castle Antonia, there was builded a lofty and strong tower or palace called Ophel, that is, a place of darkness: it was a very sumptuous thing. Of Hamea, or the Tower of the Centurions. IN the town wall between the sheep gate and the dung gate, stood this castle Hamea or Centurion, taking the name à Centenario numero, i. the number of an hundred, and was upon the East side of the city, near to the sheepfold or pool Bethesda, Neh. 3.12. Here the Centurions commonly kept watch. Of Mount Acra and the buildings upon it. MOunt Acra (as is aforesaid) stood upon the West side of jerusalem; it was a very high mountain, and took that name from the Greek word Acra, a sharp or high hill. It was much higher than mount Moriah in times past, till Simon, judas Machabeus brother, caused it to be cut lower, to make it equal in height with mount Moriah. Between these two hills lay the valley Cedron, which was in profundity 400 cubits. Upon this Mountain another part of the city was builded, being strongly fortified and richly adorned with sumptuous houses, of which David and Solomon were the principal founders; and was called the lower city, or the daughter of Zion. It was so beautiful, that some hold (of which number are Egesippus and Eusebius) that it exceeded the rest of the city. Here stood the house of Helena Queen of the Adiabenors, near about the midst of it, as josep. observeth, Li. Bell. 7. cap. 13. which Queen being converted to the jewish Religion, built her an house in this City, that she might pray in the Temple. Here stood the houses of her sons Monobazius and Grapta: here stood the houses of the high priests Annas and Caiaphas, not far from the valley Tyropae; King Herod also that wicked man, who caused the innocent Children to be put to death, built him an house here, near about the place where the Maccabees in times past had a Castle; (for they built two, one in mount Moriah, another in this Mount.) That in mount Moriah was after called the Castle of Antonia, and stood right against the Temple, as is aforesaid. And this being very sumptuously built, and a Royal seat, was after the death of this Herod a Palace for his Successors Archilaus and Herod Agrippa. Not fare off he caused two fair Theatres to be also built; the one in honour of the Emperor Augustus; and this on the one side joined to a tower called Acropolis (which was built by Antigonus Epiphanes, on a purpose to place a Garrison in, to keep the jews in bondage; which judas Machabeus afterwards made levelly with the ground) and on the other side towards his own Palace. It resembled a semicircle, made all of white Marble fairly polished, the building somewhat low; within full of high banks one rising above another like Scaffolds, so that the whole multitude might easily hear or see whatsoever was said or done. It was curiously beautified with gold, silver, and many goodly pictures; but amongst the rest, the battles which the Emperor Augustus had won against his people were lively portrayed. To this place as well jews as Gentiles resorted to see Interludes and Plays acted. The other was an Amphitheatre, and stood upon the South side of the house: it was built round in a whole circle, compassed about with high walls large and spacious. Here they used to fence and to fight both on horseback and in Wagons. And in the fifth year, in honour of Augustus, the circensian games, according to the Rites of the Gentiles, were very sumptuously performed. On the South side of this Amphitheatre, stood queen Bernice house, Sister to Agrippa junior: it was a very fair and sumptuous Building little inferior to King Herod's. This stood in the market place, and so all along were very sumptuous and stately Pillars. Hear Agrippa himself had also an house, and over against that upon the North stood the judgement hall, where the Sanhedrim or the Council of the seventy Elders used to meet, to hear and determine of men's causes. To this place Christ was brought when they asked him if he was Christ, Luke 22. Here were the Apostles whipped, Acts 5. and close by this stood the house of Pilate the Praetor, fairly glistering with gold, in which house all the Roman Praetors and Precedents for the most part had their residence: and here our Saviour Christ was whipped, crowned with Thorns, and spit upon. Not far off from this Praetor's house stood the Chancery, or rather as we term it the Treasury, a stately and magnificent house, curiously built, and appointed only to lay Records and common Chronologies in. Hear also the Officers of the town gave in their accounts, and Creditors entered their debts. This was utterly destroyed by Vespasian. Thus much for the Buildings on this Mount. Next, the market place was a thing very memorable, and was so large and spacious, that in the time of the Wars many great battles were fought there, as josephus saith. In this market place, close by Pilat's house stood a high seat or Tribunal made of fair stone curiously wrought, and for the eminence of it called in the Chaldaean tongue Gabatha; and because it was built of stone the Grecians called it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: the Latins, Lapidanium; and with us it might be termed an heap of stones * (for so the word signifieth) Here Pilat taking water washed his hands before the people, Or a well wrought stone and said, I am innocent of this man's blood: At which they cried, His blood be upon us and our children. And after by God's appointment, according to their own wish fell upon them; for in the same place and close by the same Seat it happened that Herod wanting money, demanded of the jews so much out of their Treasury (which they called Corban) as would pay for the making of a Watercourse (for he assayed to bring water into the City from a Fountain, some two hundred furlongs off it) but the jews supposing it a needless work, not only denied him, but gave many outrageous and spiteful speeches, tumultuously flocked about him, and with great clamours pressed upon him even as he was in his seat: wherefore perceiving the danger, and to prevent mischief, he sent to his soldiers to apparel themselves like citizens, and under their gowns to bring with them a dagger or poniard, and mingle themselves among the multitude; which they did, observing who they were that made the greatest uproar; and when Herod gave the sign, fell upon them with their poniards, killing a great multitude. The rest seeing this massacre, suspecting treason amongst themselves, fell one upon another; and many for fear of loss, or to avoid future danger, killed themselves. In this very place also, Florus General of the common soldiers, within few years after, upon a small occasion, made another cruel massacre and much more barbarous than the former: for he spared none, the best of them he caused to be whipped to death, or else crucified and put to the sword; and for the Vulgar spared neither woman nor child. So that within the compass of one day there died of this obstinate and wicked Nation above seven hundred and thirty. This outrage was so cruel, that all strangers which inhabited within the town pitied their misery; but especially Queen Bernice, who being partly frighted with their shrieks, partly moved to commiseration through the extremity of their affliction, endangered her life to present herself before Florus, and upon her knees besought him to take some mercy and pity of them, and withdraw his hand of vengeance from the blood of the guiltless. But the fury of the Roman soldiers was so fierce, and the resolution of Florus so unremovable, that neither her tears nor the present calamities could persuade him. But as in such Uproars it commonly happeneth, she with the rest was in danger of her safety, and was constrained the next night, for the preservation of her estate to keep a strong watch, lest the Roman soldiers should have done her some violence. Thus we may see a just revenge of a perjured and stiff necked people, and that in the place where the offence was committed, though at least eight and thirt● years after. In this market place Agrippa had built a Gallery all of marble, from his own house to the judgement hall; it was covered above, and made with diverse and sundry rooms for men to walk in, all burnished with gold, and called by the name of Xiston, as josephus hath it. Here Agrippa after this cruel massacre made an Oration to the people (Queen Bernice standing by him) to this effect; That they should forbear to raise any more commotions against the Romans, and to banish the Seditious out of the city, for that they saw their cruelty; josep. lib. de Bell. 2. Egesip. lib. 2. cap. 8. To this Gallery there joined a bridge which passed over the valley of Cedron to the Temple. And amongst many other fair and sumptuous Buildings that were upon this place, there were the Colleges of the Pharisees, Sadduces, and the Synagogues and Schools for the instruction of Youth, which were dispersed here and there among other stately buildings; and this was called the lower Town. Of the Valley of Cedron. Between this lower City and the Temple there was a deep Valley, extending itself from the gate of Benjamin through the middle of the City, to the gate of Zion. From this Valley they ascended into either mountains, (that is, Mount Acra, and Mount Moriah) by certain steps or stairs. These two hills (as is before said) were joined together with a bridge; and this Valley passing between them, was called by Zephaniah, cap. 1. Machten. In which place above all the rest of the Cities dwelled Merchants, and such as used commerce and trade, as appeareth in the eleventh verse of his prophecy; Howl ye Inhabitants of the low place, for the company of the Merchants is destroyed: all they that exchange for silver are cut off. Upon which place of Scripture the Chaldaean Paraphrase reads it thus Howl ye inhabitants of the valley Cedron. josephus, in tit. Bell. 6. cap. 6. & libr. 6. cap. 7 calleth this valley by two names; one Machten, from the profundity; the other Cedron, from the obscurity: for so the name signifieth; and whosoever looked down into it from the Temple, fogs and mists seemed to lie in the bottom of it, like a cloud of darkness, such was the depth of it. There was another valley which lay between mount Zion and these mountains, called by the name of Tyrexdon. Of the Mountain Bezetha. THis place lay Northward in jerusalem, and between it and the former hills were deep ditches cast; it had two Towns standing upon it, divided with two walls, and was commonly called the Suburbs; the name of the one, which lay nearest to mount Moriah, was called the second city; the other that lay upon the North, was called Neapolis or the new town. In the second dwelled Hulda the Prophetess, and Zacharias the father of S. john Baptist, 2 Kin. 22.2. 2 Chr. 34. Nehem. 3. joseph. li. 10. c. 5. It was adorned with many fair and sumptuous buildings, among which was that princely house of Herod Ascalonites that great and mighty King of the jews, in whose time our Saviour Christ was born. This house was sumptuously built, supported and adorned with pillars of polished marble, and so spacious, that in one room thereof there might stand a hundred tables. The hall also was very great, and richly gilded with refined gold intermixed with silver: about it were many pleasant and delectable walls, goodly gardens and fountains for pleasure: it was compassed with a wall of polished marble 30 cubits high. And (as Valerius writeth) in that house Herod caused Christ to be mocked, put a long white garment upon him in contempt, and so sent him to Pilate. Here also was a prison, in which Peter was kept when the Angel of the Lord delivered him, Acts 12. Of the town Neapolis, or the New City. THis lay without the walls of the city, and became inhabited by reason of the great concourse of people that flocked thither (for in times passed there were no inhabitants) and stood upon the North side of the hill. Here dwelled the Christians and other laborers & strangers: and by all likelihood it seems that the house of Mary the mother of john surnamed Mark stood here, which because of the continual resort of the Apostles thither, was called the house of the Church. Hither Peter resorted when he was delivered from the hands of Herod, by the Angel: for thus saith the Text, Acts 12.9. That when Peter had past the first and second watch he came to the Iron gate which led into the City, and lo it opened of itself. And from thence he went to the house of Mary the mother of john, surnamed Mark. Here also (in my opinion) Christ celebrated the last Paschall Lamb, because after supper he went into the mount of Olives, for this lying unwall, lay open for them to go and come at their pleasure. But afterward in Herod Agrippa's time, it was begun to be compassed in with a wall, and before it could be fully finished, the Angel of the Lord struck him, and he died miserably. Here also stood the Monuments of john Hircanus the high Priest, and of Alexander, King of the jews, as it appeareth in josephus, libr. de Bello, 6. cap. 6. The tops of the houses in the City of jerusalem were flat, and covered with fair and plain roofs, compassed about with battlements; upon which they used to leap, dance and banquet, and such recreations as they observed upon their festival days were there celebrated. And thus much shall serve to have spoken of the mountains or hills whereon jerusalem stood. Of the Walls that compassed the City. THis City of jerusalem was so strongly fortified by nature on every side, except the North, (for it stood upon high rocks and cliffs) that it seemed to be invincible. And that that side might be the better strengthened, they compassed it in with three walls, and these so strong, that when Vespasian the Emperor and his army invaded the city they had much ado to conquer them. The first of these walls was that which Agrippa built, and it compassed in Neapolis, otherwise called the new town. At the Northwest end of which Wall, was built an exceeding high Tower of very fair Marble stone; so high, that standing on the top thereof, a man might see from thence to the Sea, and into Arabia, and the uttermost bounds of judaea. This Tower was called Psephina. The second wall was that which divided the two Suburbs, wherein there stood 14 towers and gates. This King Hez●kiah built, 2. Chr. 32. in a corner of which, between the West gate and the Valley gate, there stood a high Tower, wherein all the night great fire was made, which cast a light a great way off round about; so that travellers passing towards jerusalem, where guided by it in their way. Of this light we read in Nehem. cap. 3. The third wall compassed in the Temple and all the lower city; in it was sixty Towers, but the chief of them stood in the East Angle, between the dung gate and the gate of the valley, which was called Hananiel, and signifieth, The grace and gift of God. This is much spoken of in the Scripture: upon this wall King Herod the Ascalonite built three fair Towers; one between the Garden gate and the old gate, which he called Hippicum, in honour of his father Hippicus; the other Phaselum, in honour of his brother Phasilus; and the third Mariam, after his wife's name, who notwithstanding he caused innocently to be put to death. These three gates were built of polished Marble. Pliny and Strabo saith, That this was the fairest and most spacious city of the East; and for the munition and fortification almost invincible. The walls of it were all of white polished marble, some 25 or 30 cubits high: the stones were 20 cubits long, 20 broad, and 5 thick, so closely joined that the junctures could scarce be perceived. Many of the Towers also were made of such stones; but those of the Temple exceeded the rest; for they were 25 cubits long, 12 broad, and 8 thick, as josephus witnesseth, lib. Ant. 15. ca 14. & de Bel. jud. li. 6. ca 6. which things being rightly considered, we may easily perceive that these walls were very difficult to be destroyed: Neither were the ditches of less strength that went about the Town; for they were cut out of hard stones, at least forty cubits deep, and two hundred and fifty cubits broad, which were impossible to have been won, if God had not helped and assisted the Romans, filling up those ditches with the bodies of those that died of the plague and famine within the town. Of the gates of jerusalem. IT had twelve gates to go out and in: Upon the East side lay five, the first of which was the Fountain gate, which was so called of the Fountain Siloah. And this stood close by the gate of mount Zion. In which Fountain, the man that was borne blind washed himself at the commandment of our Saviour, and had his sight restored, joh. 9 and at this gate Christ came riding in upon an Ass, when he came from Bethania, on Palm Sunday. 2 The Sheepe-gate, which was so called of the multitude of sheep that were driven in by it, to be offered in the Temple (for it stood hard by the temple.) Right before this gate stood mount Olivet, some half an English mile and a furlong from jerusalem, Eastward. By it stood the Garden called Gethsemane, where Christ was taken, and led into the city through this gate; to be offered up like an innocent sheep, for the sins of the whole World. 3 The Dung-gate: this took the name from a dunghill, because the rain water coming with great power through the City, washed nway the filth, and with great violence, carried it through this gate into the pool Cedron. Not far from this gate was the water gate, and stood a little within it. 4 The Valley-gate, which took the name of the valley jehosaphat, and lay not fare from the other gate. Hereabouts also stood the Dragon gate. 5 The Horse-gate, and stood just in the joining of the East and North part of the City: it took the name from the King's horses, as appeareth, jer. 31. Neh. 3. The gates upon the North. 6 The corner gate which stood Northwest, 2. K. 14. 1. Ch. 26. jer. 31. Zach. 14. 7 The Benjamin-gate, so called because men by this gate went to the borders of Benjamin: in this gate the Prophet jeremy was prisoner, jer. 37. 8 The Ephraim gate, by which they went to the borders of Ephraim. The gates upon the West. 9 The Raine-gate, so called because the rain water cleansing the streets, carried away all the filth, and so passed through this gate toward the West, and there thrust it out of the City, Neh. 12. 10 The Garden-gate, before which the garden stood wherein Christ was buried. 11 The old gate: before this, Mount Caluarie stood, whereon Christ was crucified. 12 The fish gate, so called because of the Sea fish that came in by it: it was also called the Brick gate. Here the Prophet jeremy broke an earthen pitcher, jeremy 19 and out of this gate they went to Bethlehem. But on the South side there were no gates, for there mount Zion stood, which was so high and steep that no man could go up upon it. Of the gates within the City. THe gate of Zion, the water gate; of which too I have already spoken. The middle gate, whereof jeremy speaketh, cap. 19 and it is thought it stood in the middle of the city, in the valley Cedron, not fare from the Tower called Mariam. The Iron gate, which opened of itself, when the Angel led Peter out of prison, Acts 12. this stood in the City walls, passing from one suburb into another: all these gates stood within the city. And thus much shall suffice to have spoken of the portraiture of it. Of the Springs, Valleys, Fountains, and other memorable places as they were situated near to the City, and how to the four parts of the World. IN the next place it resteth to show what things worthy memory were about, and stood near to the City: the first of which was the brook Cedron, which sprung out of a hill not fare from it upon the South, and with great swiftness ran through the East part of the city, and so between jerusalem & the mount of Olives, to the valley gate of jehosaphat: thence passing through the cliffs of mount Olivet, it ran directly East till it came to the dead Sea; which brook in the Summer time was most commonly dry. The water of it was something black, which colour the valley jehosaphat (which was very fertile) gave it; & from thence it was called Nigrescens torrens, a blackish stream. This is mystically spoken of, in 2. Sam. and Psa. 100 where it is said, He (that is, our Saviour Christ) shall drink of the brook in the way: which he fulfilled when he made satisfaction for our sins by his death & passion, as it appeareth in the 69 Psal. Save me o God, etc. Into this brook ran the water of Silo, and that which came out of the temple. Of the mount of Olives and Bethania, which signifies a house of mourning. THese two, the one lay upon the East, the other South-west, about half an English mile and a furlong from jerusalem. Of Bethania you may read in Nehemia. Of the hill Gihen. GIhon stood before jerusalem on the West side, right against the fish gate and the old gate, 2. Chr. 22. Here King Solomon was crowned, 1. Kin. 1. Not fare from this stood the mount Golgatha, where Christ was crucified. From whence may be observed, That as Solomon upon that hill was crowned King, so Christ upon this was crucified; our Saviour and the true Solomon, that made everlasting peace between God and us. From this mount Gihen sprung the Fountain Gihen, and thereabouts also was the Fuller's field, 2. King. 18. 2. Chron. 33. In which place Senacharib and other the Princes and Ambassadors of the King of Assyria, spoke blasphemous words against the Lord, wherefore he slew 185 thousand of them, as appeareth in the 2. King. 19 Of the valley of the son of Hinnon. THis valley lieth behind the city of jerusalem Southward on the left hand as they went from jerusalem to Bethelem. In this valley the jews set up an Idol of copper like a King, which they called Moloch, that is, a King of Idols. This Copper Idol stood with the arms stretching out, and under it there was a great fire, whereby the Image shown fire-redde: and besides that, the more to honour it, they made a great fire between two walls, which burned for his sake: and through this fire the Idolatrous Priests cast living children into Moloches burning arms, which he with his arms red hot burnt to death. And in this manner the jews offered their own children to the Idol Moloch: and when they did it, they made a great noise & cry, and beat upon a drum, that the fathers when their children were offered, should not hear them cry, by reason of the great noise of Drums. This valley was called the valley of Tophet; for Tophet signifies a Drum. This was a most gross and fearful Idolatry, & therefore Christ likened this valley of Hinnon to hell fire; for he called it Gehenna, Mat. 5. That the jews should keep themselves from this monstrous Idolatry, God made a law, That if any man were taken committing this kind of Idolatry, he should forthwith be stoned to death, and not suffered to live, Levit. 18. & 20. The valley of Gehennon is oftentimes named in the holy Scriptures, Iosh. 15. Nehem. 11.2. Paral. 28.33. jer. 7. jerom writeth, that here by this Idol Moloch in the valley of Hinnon, there was a Wood; for the water ran out of the Fountain Siloah along by it, and made the valley moist. Of the field of blood, called Hakeldama. THis field of blood, which was bought for thirty silver pence, for the which judas betrayed our Saviour Christ, lay not fare from the valley of Hinnon, Southward by the city of jerusalem, as jerom writeth. Of the hill Hameskita, or offence and slander. THis hill lay Southeast, not fare from jerusalem, something wide of mount Olivet; so that there was but one Valley between them, and was not altogether so high as it. Also upon this hill King Solomon in his old age suffered his wives or concubines to make Idolatrous Temples, wherein he and his wives worshipped Idols. Of the destruction of this famous City of jerusalem by TITUS VESPASIAN. THus have I briefly set forth the dignity, situation, & curiosity of the buildings of jerusalem; together with the richness of the Temple, and sumptuousness of the houses: now it rests to describe unto you, the manner and means how this famous City was destroyed; surely a thing worthy wonder (according to that in jeremy) Whosoever shall hear of it his ears shall tingle. And that it might be the more famous, and the Christians within it might take notice of the near approaching desolation, there were diverse strange accidents happened, and visions seen. As first, about some four years before, the river jordan was turned out of her course, and was brought into the City Pella: a while after that, for a year together, there hung a Comet like a flaming sword over the City: And in the night there was seen a light in the Temple: And in the day when they were at sacrifice, a Calf brought forth a Lamb. Then about the middle of the night, the Eastern gates of the Temple opened of their own accord. In the skies were seen armies of men fight, and Horses and Chariots running too and again. And at last there was heard a terrible voice in the temple, uttering these words, Migremus hinc; that is, Let us go hence. And that there might be a general Proclamation of this sad and cruel desolation, through the whole city, one Ananias the son of jesus, a man poor and impotent, upon the Feast of the Tabernacles, ran through all the streets of the City, and crying, O, a voice from the East, and a voice from the West, a voice from the four winds, a voice over jerusalem and the Temple, a voice over the Bridegroom and the Bride, and a voice over the whole multitude of this City. And although he was whipped, and imprisoned, and cruelly handled, yet so long as he lived, he would not cease to utter these words, which by some were judged to foretell the horrible desolation which after happened. For Titus Caesar son of Flavius the Emperor, about seventy years after the Nativity of our Lord, and about eight and thirty after his ascension, utterly overthrew it even to the ground, about the first day of the month of April, and within a year after these signs. For he taking advantage of the three factions which at this time swayed in jerusalem: One of Eleazar the Priest the son of Simon; the other of Zilotus the chief Prince which held the Temple; and the third of johannes Giscalenus a cruel fellow, which had the command of the inferior City; besieged it, and made this a fit opportunity to further his enterprises, whiles the seditious and factious people, little regarding their own safety, gave way by their evil and intestine wars, to what he intended, weakening themselves much more by their continued slaughters, than the enemy by his invasion. Insomuch as the whole city, and Temple was filled with dead bodies; common insolences, and public rapines were ordinarily amongst them: some set fire of the City, others dispoiling the Temple, a third sort killing the Priests even as they were at sacrifice, all places full of dead bodies; and to this, to add a greater measure of misery (without any regard at all to their future defence) set fire of the store-house, wherein the corn lay for the sustentation of the City, and consumed that in one day which had been long a gathering: by this means it came to pass, that they were sorely afflicted with the pestilence through the corruption of the air, and with famine, for want of Corne. All these things notwithstanding (such was the cruelty, obstinacy, and perverseness of this people) could not restrain them from violating the most sacred and holy things of the Temple: insomuch as johannes Giscalenus had a full determination to have destroyed it, but that he was prevented by the Romans. About this time was the feast of the Passeover, and it fell upon the fourteenth day of April, being the Sabbath; to the celebration whereof, there resorted to jerusalem, about three hundred thousand jews. These the enemy gave way to enter into the City; but considering their present necessity for want of victuals, upon a sudden drew up their forces, and so straightly beleagered them that all this huge multitude was (as it were) imprisoned within the walls, where partaking of the former misery, they either died by the plague or famine. Whence may be perceived the marvelous providence of God, that even on the same day, and in the very same place, where but eight and thirty years before our Saviour Christ suffered, the authors of such cruelty suffered a most just and severe revenge, Now as the army of the Romans lay upon the North of the City, Titus drew out a band of six hundred horse to ride about, to behold and view the walls of the Town: but as he was in this manner wondering at the sumptuousness of the City, the jews in great multitudes slipped out at a postern gate, and set upon him so fiercely, that they endangered his person, being without armour; and had he not with great difficulty broke through them, and recovered the Tower of the Romans, he had been there slain. But presently upon this seeing the danger, he besieged the City in three parts; himself as the Emperor of the army, built a castle about some two furlongs from the City, just against the Tower Psephina. Thc other part of the army was entrenched right against the Tower Hippicus not fare from the Garden of the resurrection. And the third part had their Castle in the Mount of Olives, some five furlongs or thereabouts from the City. Then did he build Bulwarks, make Engines, and wonderful devices, for the battering of the Walls; and combining himself with some of the jews, upon the seventh day of the second month, which answereth to the month of May, with great difficulty and much labour entered the first Wall which lay upon the North, and won Mount Bezitha and Neapolie. Upon the twelfth of the same month (which was the Sabbath day) he entered the second wall, which divided the suburbs: but this was again the same day recovered by the virtue of the jews, so that the jews were constrained to fight upon the Sabbath day, according to the prophecy of our Saviour Christ, Matt. 24. But after upon the sixteenth of this month of May, the Romans again recovered this wall and kept it in their own custody. Within a while after in the month of june (about this time the famine growing intolerable within the town) Titus in the space of three days, compassed in the whole city of jerusalem with a Wall, and upon that set Towers and Castles, lest any of the jews should fly to save themselves. Thus was the prophecy of our Saviour Christ fulfilled, Thy enemies shall compass thee about and hem thee in on every side. josephus was now in the City, and walking upon the Walls, earnestly entreated the jews to desist, and no longer to oppose the Romans, but this was so hateful a speech to many, that they began to fling darts at him. And although at this time the extremity of the famine was so sore, that many died for want of sustenance, yet all persuasions were in vain; and such was the calamity, that as well those as went out, as those that continued in the City, were in like danger of their lives; for they were either slain by the enemy, or else by the pestilence and famine; common injuries, and unmerciful outrages still attending upon war. Their misery did rather increase, then at all lesson itself; for the jealousy of treason, the hope of riches, and the madness of the seditious, distracted the minds of the Citizens with continual fears, and filled the streets full of murder and daily spectacles of lamentable tragedies: The markets were unfrequented with Corn, the victuals, with violence consumed and taken from the true owners. And if it chanced that some one had more than would serve his turn, though he dwelled in a fair and stately building, yet the remotest room and most unfrequented he made his tabernacle, and that little which was left, with great parsimony he consumed, together with his life, till both were ended. Those that were Fathers and Senates of the people (though before served and attended with reverenced and great state) in this consusion was glad of a small morsel, though with much contention. The wife was not ashamed to take away the meat from her husband, nor the children from their parents, nor the mothers from their infants: And if it happened that in any house the seditious seemed to smell food, with violence they took it, ransacked the rooms round about, whiles the master thereof was made a laughing stock and mournful spectator of those mischiefs. But according to the condition of soldiers, whose natural disposition is to be violent, without any regard either of sex or kindred, committed daily outrages. So that here you might have seen the mother's weeping over their dying infants, whiles their husbands were massacred in the streets by the seditious. The increase of days were the increase of torments, and the daily want of such as were in power being unaccustomed to such evils, caused them to invent new means to satisfy their desire, and practise unusual torments, for no other purpose but to find out sustenance: yea, such was their insatiable thirst of blood, that they spared not him whom but now gave them all he had, and lest he should live to cumber the city, either hang him up by the heels till he died, or else pulled out his entrailes with a sharp iron. Those that went out in the night time when the Romans were asleep, to gather herbs, the seditious would meet and with violence take what they had got from them: and though with tears and lamentations, and prayers upon their knees, they entreated but for one part, a small moiety of that which a little before they had got with danger of their lives, yet they would not give it them, and 'scaped fairly if they went away with life. These insolences were committed by the common soldiers, upon such as were of the meaner sort of people. But for the rest that were either honourable or rich, they became a prey to the Captains and Commanders, some accused as traitors, and that they would have betrayed the City to the Romans; others as fugitives, that they would forsake the City; most under pretence of one crime or other, despoiled of that they had. And they whom john had thus oppressed, were entertained of Simon, and whom Simon had injuried, they were entertained by john; both drunk the blood of the miserable Citizens like water: So that the desire of rule was the cause of their dissension, the concord of their evil and cruel actions. There was an infinite number that perished in this city by famine, insomuch as houses were filled with the bodies of infants and children. The Angle gate was thrust full of dead corpses. The young men that remained, walked up and down the City like Images of death. The old men were destroyed by the pestilence, the contagion of which disease taking away their senses, they became mad. And of such as died among the seditious, their wives or kindred had not room nor time to bury them, but as they were putting them into the grave they also died. Yet for all this, amongst this miserable society, there was no weeping, no complaining, no deploring of their necessities, for the violence of the famine having dried up their radical moisture, the fear of grief was taken from them: and such as had most cause to lament, and were most pricked with the sting of sorrow, before they could utter their grief died, the beholders not shedding a tear: so that through the whole city there was a still silence, and a thick mist of death, and destruction did fully possess the same. But the seditious were much more cruel than these were oppressed with calamity and sorrow; for some opened the graves of the dead, and taking out their bodies thrust them thorough with their swords. Others to try the sharpness of the edge of their weapons would fall upon those that were yet alive, and when they had slain them, go away laughing at their pleasure. So that as josephus saith, there was scarce any mischief under the Sun, but was both practised and tolerated in this City. To conclude, by sedition the Romans conquered the City, and sedition conquered the Romans. All love and modesty, through this extreme and intolerable famine, became utterly extinct, and the dearest friends would kill one another for a crust of bread; the fairest Lady commit open adultery for a little sustenance. Their food was extraordinary, and such as men did loath and hate: Some would feed upon snails and worms, others of old hay chopped small; many eaten corn either unground or made into bread: some plucked the meat from the spit raw, others with their teeth gnaud off the leather off their shields: And that very mouth which cried, Crucify him, crucify him, let his blood be upon us and our children, was constrained to feed upon three sorts of dung, that is to say, Dove's dung, Oxens dung, and Man's dung. Moreover, many were constrained for mere necessity, to feed upon the dead bodies of such, as a little before died, partly by famine, partly by the pestilence. And to conclude, for very madness eat up their gold: for some of them being taken as they were flying for their safety by the Romans, in their excrement was found gold, of which the soldiers hearing, and supposing that all the jews had been full of gold, thorough covetousness of that gain, in one night killed 2000 of them, and ripped up their bellies; And had not Titus Caesar by a severe Edict, forbidden these cruel and unheard of slaughters, there had been many more slain. To make an end of this unheard of famine, I will repeat one memorable example our of josephus, of an outrage which a mother committed even upon her own son. There was a woman of the inhabitants beyond jordan, whose name was Marie, of the stock of Eliazer, and of the Town Bethezor, which signifies the house of Hissop; she was of a noble and rich family, and amongst others, went to jerusalem in hope of safety, where she was likewise oppressed with the misery of this siege; for as soon as she had brought all her riches and substance into the City, which she had before beyond jordan, this famine growing greater and greater upon the inhabitants. The seditious perceiving that this woman was well furnished both with riches and sustenance, on a sudden set upon her house, despoiled her of her substance, took away her sustenance, and utterly deprived her of all means to live. She being pricked with the misery and calamity of the times, saw it little prevailed to strive, wherefore with tears, upon her knees she entreated that she might have but some small part of that they had taken from her, to maintain herself and her son with life; but the seditious gave little ear to her entreaties: wherefore being moved to extreme anger she daily cursed with contumelious words those barbarous villains, that had thus robbed her of all her means: but when she saw that neither anger nor entreaty could procure mercy, and through the Town not one morsel of food was to be found, partly pressed with an extreme necessity, partly with a furious rage, beyond all nature and compassion, laid violent hands upon her own son, and accounted an untimely death more honourable, than that he should live to be a prey to the seditious, or a slave to the Romans. The body of this infant she roasted and eat: the soldiers of the Town being pressed with hunger, smelling the meat, supposing that as in former times, they should have found plenty, with violence broke in upon her, and look what she had provided greedily consumed, and compelled her to fetch the rest; which she did, and when they were well satisfied, she shown them the head and feet of her son: which they perceiving, loathing the inhumanity of the fact, with dejected countenance departed. This famine was so extreme, that one measure of grain was worth a talon, that is, 600 crowns. But the Romans all this while did abound with plenty of all things, and to vex the jews they shown them the great abundance of their store, for the neighbouring provinces sent them supplies. After this famine, there followed an extreme plague, procured partly through the staunch of the bodies that lay unburied, partly by the multitude of the massacres that daily happened, that (as Egisippus writeth) within the compass of eleven weeks, there were carried out by one gate of the City, 111000 dead bodies; yet could they not empty the City, but that they were constrained either to bury them at the public charge, or else cast them over the walls into the ditches of the city: which when Titus saw, and that the putrefaction of the bodies swum upon the brim of the ditch (for it was full with dead carcases) fetching a deep sigh, and lifting up his hands to heaven, he said, God is my witness, this is not my fault, but the punishment of God upon them. The city being thus pestired with sedition, famine, pestilence, and war, was made now a ready prey to the Enemy: and that they might make a final end of their miseries, Titus caused the engines of battery to be brought against the walls; and upon the first day of the fourth month (whicn answers to our june) he took the third wall which lay upon the North. Upon the fourth of june after, though with great labour, he took the Tower of Antonia, and in it placed a Garrison. Upon the seventeenth day of the fourth month, which was a fast to the jews, josephus going up to the top of that Tower, made an Oration to Giscalinus and the rest, to dissuade them from their rebellion, & cease to oppose the Romans, but this little prevailed. Upon the twentieth day of july, the jews burned a part of the Porch of the Temple towards the North, not far from the Tower of Antonia, lest that the Romans having got that Hold, should with the greater facility have conquered the Temple also. Two days after, the Romans destroyed the whole Porch with fire, and the jews helped to pull it down with their hands: this was none of the three Porches but a bulwark of the Temple. Upon the 25 day of july the jews filled the Porch toward the West with pitch and betume, and then made as though they meant to fly and leave the city, which some of the Romans perceiving, without any command of their Captains, put scaling ladders to the Tower, and began to assault it, but when they were most busy, the jews of a sudden put fire to the pitch, and burned them most miserably; insomuch as Titus pitied them to see their extremity, although they were such as did contrary to his command. Upon the last day of this month they took the North gate, which lay towards the rising of the Sun, and close by the brook Cedron; rhis they burnt down with fire. Upon the third of August, Titus commanded to fire the gate of the Temple, that was all covered over with gold & silver, by this gate the Romans made a breach into the Temple, which ere this had been profaned by the jews: whiles this gate was a burning, the jews stood astonished, and not one of them resisted the Romans. Caesar and all his army laboured three days to quench this fire, after which he called a council to determine what he should do with the temple, it was so rich and sumptuous, that he would fain have left it as an ornament for the Roman Empire. But the jews having got a little breathing, made new incursions upon the Romans, by which means they could not determine thereof. The 6 of August, the soldiers of Titus, without command of their Captains, fired the Temple, just upon that day which Nabuchadnezzar before time had destroyed it, as josephus witnesseth, li. de Bell. 6. c. 26.27. Caesar would fain have saved this Temple for the sumptuousness of it, and beckoned to his soldiers to have quenched the fire, but they, partly pressed on with a desire of wealth, partly being pricked on with a fury and madness, gave no ear to his speeches, but committed most cruel massacres, without either regard of age or sex: So that the cries of the slaughtered, the sound of the Roman trumpets, the fierce resistance of the seditious, and the fire furiously burning, represented a most horrible spectacle: The ground below was covered with dead bodies, many in desperation threw themselves into the fire, 6000 were burnt in the same gate, whither they fled for refuge, and the priests most cruelly massacred as they were in the Temple. This was the end of the Temple of jerusalem, the mirror of the world, being consumed and spoiled with fire and sword. After these things, upon the bridge that passeth from the temple over the valley into the lower town, Titus made a speech by an interpreter, to the two seditious Captains, gently entreating them to leave off their rebellion, and he would spare the City and commit no more outrages, and such further requests as they desired should according to reason be granted them; but if they would not embrace mercy and cease their violent resistance, they must expect no manner of compassion, but the very law of Arms. This they contemned and made but a mock of Caesar for all his offers; whereupon in a great rage he gave the signal to his soldiers, and they went through all the City and set it on fire. The next day they won the lower City, and with fire and sword consumed the place where the records lay, the Court and all the Princely buildings, until they came to that stately house of Helena, which stood in the midst of Acra, all the houses near being filled with the bodies of the dead, and the streets horribly defiled with the blood of those that were slain. Within a short while after, johannes Giscalinus was taken alive and committed to prison. The inferior City being thus taken and destroyed, about the 16 day of August, Caesar began to build his engines, and batter the walls of the upper city, which within the space of 18 days after with extreme labour and skill, he laid flat with the ground, (as josephus saith.) And upon the 7 of September, with great facility he conquered the city, the jews of their own accord descending from the Towers: and the Romans set upon the walls their ensigns, with a great acclamation, and wasted all the city with fire and sword, sparing neither men, women, nor children. The 8 day of the month of September, the whole City was destroyed, and not a stone left upon a stone but laid level with the ground, only the three Towers that were built by Herod, which were of shining Marble (viz. Hippicus, Phaselus, and Mariam) that future ages seeing the excellency of those buildings they might judge of the stateliness of the rest. But these also were after destroyed by Adrianus Caesar. There died by the famine and pestilence an innumerable number, by fire and sword ten hundred thousand: 2000 were found that either killed themselves, or one killed another, 7900 were taken captives; of these, all the seditious thiefs that accused one another, were slain by Frontonius Caesar, Titus freed many, 7000 were sent into Egypt, with extreme labour to consume and die, the properest and most able were reserved for triumph, many were distributed through the provinces, some were slain by the sword, and by beasts for public spectacles, and those that were 16 years of age and under, together with many other, Caesar sold under the crown, at thirty for a silver penny; that as Christ was sold for thirty pence, so thirty of them should be sold for a penny, With the riches of this town Caesar triumphed, road into Rome with two golden Chariots, built the Temple of Peace, and there put all the plate which he found in the temple of jerusalem. After all this, for a full determination of those evils, the two seditious captains johannes Giscalenus and Simon the son of Giora, were put to most cruel deaths. Thus may we see the grievous punishment of the obstinate and ambitious, which God permitted to fall upon them for their unthankfulness and cruel tyranny. How the city of jerusalem after this destruction by Titus Vespas. was utterly beaten down and defaced by Aelius Adr. Caesar, which he re-edifying, called it after his own name Aelia. THe city of jerusalem being thus laid levelly with the ground, for the space of sixty years lay desolate, a receptacle for thiefs and murderers, a fit place for Wolves and wild beasts, which resorted thither to feed upon the dead bodies. And now time consuming their flesh, left their bones and skulls to lie upon the earth as in a Charnel house. Thus it continued until one Benchochab (which signifies the Son of the Stars) born in the town of Bethcoron not fare from Emaus, professed himself to be the Messiah or Christ. The jews supposing this to be true, because of that saying of Numb. 24. There shall a Star rise up out of jacob) assembled themselves to the number of many thousands and followed him, with great tyranny and cruelty spoiling the Holy Land, and through all the country of judaea committing many outrages and massacres. Thus they continued for the space of eighteen years, at the end of which time Adrianus Aelianus the Emperor hearing of those insolences, levied an Army and sent them into judea, under the government of julius Severus, who in a pitched field near to Bethcoron and not far from Emaus conquered this Benchochab or Pseudo-Messiah, and with him slew five hundred thousand jews that were deceived by his persuasion. Now when they went to seek for the body of this Deceiver amongst the Dead (as saith Talmudista) he was found lying with an horrible Serpent about his neck; intimating how God rejected him that would seem to imitate his Son; for even as the Serpent deceived our first Parents, so this Benchochab deceived the jews, and for this cause they called him Bencozba, that is, The Son of Lying. The number of the jews which in the time of this war were slain amounted to 500000 men, besides many others that perished by pestilence and famine. This war happened 64 years after the destruction of jerusalem. After this second desolation of the jews, at the command of the Emperor (that there might be a final extirpation of the ancient city of jerusalem, and that the words of our Saviour might be fulfilled, Lo, there shall not be a stone left upon a stone, Mat. 24) the ruins and foundations thereof were digged up, the stones broken in pieces, the ground left desolate, and the mountains are now become barren and overgrown with brambles: And that the name thereof might utterly be forgotten, and as it were rooted out of the earth, he set up a new town not far from the hill Gihen and Golgotha where Christ was crucified; which after he had adorned with many goodly buildings, he called it by his own name, Aelia. In the place of the Temple he set up a Church in the honour of jupiter and Venus. Just in the place where the holy Altar stood, he erected his own image upon a marble pillar, which continued until Saint Hieroms' time. At Bethlehem he erected the Image of Adonis, and to that he consecrated at Church. Upon the gates of the City he cut Hogs in marble, in contempt of the jews. Then did he abjure them, That they should not come within the walls of the City, nor set foot upon the ground near jerusalem. This being done, (as Dion saith) he dedicated it to the honour of jupiter Capitolinus; and only made it free for Christians and such like to be in it. This town at this day we call jerusalem, although it be situated in another place, and called by another name. Future Ages calling the actions of precedent times into question, pulled a great contempt upon this Town, and so much the rather, because Infidelity and other heathenish profaneness was cherished within this city. So that that which a little before was set up in honour of the Emperor Aelianus, is now grown into contempt. Wherefore Helena the mother of Constantine the Great having command of that Empire, to give some satisfaction to the universality, caused those profane Temples and Idols to be abolished, and in their places erected others. Upon mount Golgotha the church called Golgothanus; upon the mount of Olives one in the place of the ascension of Christ: and Constantine her son richly adorned the Sepulchre, and over it built a stately Temple all of polished marble, richly gilded with gold, so that to this day it remains as the chief ornament of the town. In this man's time the jews with great boldness endeavoured to rebuild the Temple just in the place where it stood before: but at the commandment of the Emperor they were repelled, and in recompense of their presumption had their ears cut off and their noses slit, because they had ears and would not hear, neither obey the commandment of our Saviour. But as the Emperor was religious, and endeavoured to support Christianity, so his successor julianus was as full of impiety and profaneness; who that he might frustrate the prophecy of our Saviour, That jerusalem should never be built again, in contempt caused the jews to assemble together, and with all expedition restore it to its former glory, giving the uttermost of his help to their endeavours. But as they were seriously labouring in this work, of a sudden there came a great earthquake, and look what they had built was by that quite overturned; then fire came out of the earth and from heaven, which destroyed both the matter and the Workmen. And that the jews nor any Philosophers might impute it to a natural cause, there was seen in the heavens a bloody cross, and upon their crosses shining like stars, which the jews could by no means wipe off. Yet this little prevailed: a second time they attempted, & as before, a second earthquake happened, with a storm of wind, which came with such extreme violence, that all the stuff which they had heaped together for this purpose was utterly blown away and destroyed. So that of force they were constrained to leave off, & acknowledge, That Christ, whom their Forefathers had crucified, was the true Messiah. Greg. Nazianzen and Hierome report, That nevertheless the jews even to this day, although it cost them much money, come yearly to the place where jerusalem stood, and upon the day of the destruction thereof weep over it. Such was their affection unto this City. But these evils were purged with a sudden invasion (for no crying injuries nor profane insolences against God pass unpunished, but that then or soon after a just revenge falls upon them) for Cosroës' Emperor of the Persians, whose impudency and impiety was so great that he would be worshipped as a god, about the year of our Lord 615, besieged this town, took it, and put to death 90000. Christians, carried the Patriarch thereof, together with many others away captive. But Heraclius the Emperor to punish him for his pride and cruelty set upon Persia, and with fire and sword destroyed the country not far from Nineveh, conquered his chief captain Razetis in a set battle, won the city of Nineveh, and went away with an honourable victory. Seroës' also, the only begotten son of Cosroës, but a little before invading the kingdom, killed his father in prison, restored the Patriarch and the rest of the Captives which his father had taken, to Heraclius: and about the seventh year after he had warred upon Persia, he returned to Aelia with great pomp. Not long after, in the year 637, Haumar the chief Prince of the Saracens, which was the third from Mahomet, with a great Army afflicted Syria and judaea, conquered these Countries, and in his victories used great tyranny and cruelty. Within two years after, he won Aelia, which had maintained a long and sharp siege; neither would Zacharias the Patriarch give it up, till he was compelled thereto by extreme famine, and soon after died with grief. Thus this town continued for the space of 450 years in the hands of the Saracens. Then in the year 1012, Caliphas Sultan of Egypt won it, beat down the walls, destroyed the Temple which the Emperor Constantine had built, and made havoc of all things. Presently upon this, the Turks that came out of Scythia by the Caspian mountains, won the city, & drove thence the Saracens. Thus we may see that the Saracens and Turks, though they were both of one religion, yet for the country of the jews fought one against another, and compelled the Christians to pay them Tribute for the fourth part of the city, wherein the Sepulchre of our Lord stood, being again restored by the Emperor Constantine after the destruction of Caliphas. The Christians being weary of this tribute, and of the oppression of the Infidels, became suitors to Pope Vrban the second of that name, for their delivery; who in the year 1094 assembled a Council at Clearemont in France, and by the instigation of one Peter the hermit, stirred up the hearts of diverse Christian princes and great Lords to make a croysado; so that 10000 brave & well mounted soldiers went into the Holy land, and for a token of their war bore red crosses upon their arms. In the same year there was a great blazing star seen in the West, and after that followed a great plague for the space of two years through the world: this nevertheless hindered them not in their designs, but that they went their intended journey, won the City of Aelia from the Saracens, delivered the Christians from their bondage and tax, and chose Godfrey of Lorraine Earl of Bullion King thereof, whom they anointed in the Temple of the holy Sepulchre; but he refused to be crowned with a Crown of gold, saying, That it ill beseemed him to be called King of jerusalem, (the true King whereof was Christ) or to sit crowned with gold, in the place where he was crowned with thorns that was the Son of the everliving God: and then chose Arnolphus of Rhodes Patriarch. In the month of October the same year, a blazing Star of marvelous bigness appeared towards the South: it seemed to be like a waving sword, foreshowing no doubt the destruction of all those that went about to re-establish this earthly jerusalem. Immediately after the Feast of the Nativity of Christ, all the Christians of the East countries upon Candlemas day came out of Syria, but especially out of Antiochia, to jerusalem, & in the Temple of the holy Sepulchre consecrated their Bishops and Chorasters, and with one consent sung Illuminare jerusalem. They took also all the Cities, Castles, and Villages, and over them set Bishops; created four Principalities, one at jerusalem, another at Antiochia, a third at Edissa, a fourth at Tripoli. Also certain Earldoms and Baronies, as at Brito, Zidon, Caesarea, Galilee, joppa, and Ascalon. All these were appointed to pay tribute to the King of jerusalem. All this was done in the year of our Lord, 1099. No sooner were these news published to the world, but there was an universal croysado through all Christendom, for the conquering and winning of the rest of the holy land, but before they could get thither, they were either slain by the Grecians and other nations, or else died through famine & thirst: so that in them was fulfilled the prophecy of Zacharias, cap. 12.3. where it is said, It shall happen that I will make jerusalem an heavy stone for all people all they that lift it up shall be torn, though all the people of the earth be gathered together against it. And verse 9, And in that day I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against jerusalem. This year 1100 died Godfrey King of jerusalem, of a fever, upon the ●8 day of july, when he had reigned scarce a year, and was buried in the temple of mount Calvarie. After him succeeded his brother Baldovin the first of that name, & second King of jerusalem. This man reigned 18 years in jerusalem, and being overcome by Caliphas Sultan of Egypt, after the loss of thirteen thousand Christians, he had much ado to escape with life. Within a short time after he died without issue. Baldwin the second succeeded his uncle, and was the third king of jerusalem. He began his reign Anno 1118. This man overcame the Turks: and the King of Damascus had issue only one daughter, named Milesent, whom he married to the Earl of Angiers, and gave with her the kingdom of jerusalem, and died without heir male, in the year 1131. Fulco in right of his wife succeeded his father in law, & was the fourth King of jerusalem. This Fulco was brother to the King of England, he reigned 13 years, fought many worthy battles against the Turks, put 3000 of their men to the sword, took many of them prisoners and carried them to jerusalem. After that, as he was hunting the Hare by Acon, riding speedily, he fell from his horse and was sorely bruised, whereof he died, and left two sons called Baldwin and Almerick. Baldwin the third was the fifth King of jerusalem, and succeeded his father. He won the city of Ascalon, he rebuilt the town of Boza, (which had been destroyed) placed there certain Knights Templars, he lost the City of Edissa to the Saracens, where many Christians were cruelly slain. And having reigned 19 years he died without issue. After him succeeded his brother Almerick, as was the sixth king of jerusalem. In the time of this king the Sultan of Egypt gave a great overthrow to the Knight's Templars; which he seeking to revenge, invaded Egypt with a great army, besieged the great city of Alcaire, but to small purpose; wherefore returning back to jerusalem, he shortly after died, when he had reigned 12 years: he left behind him three children, a son called Baldwin, and two daughters, Sibilla and Isabel. Baldwin the fourth succeeded his father, and was the seventh king of jerusalem; who abusing his government was struck with leprosy, with the contagion of which disease he died miserably, in the 25 year of his age, having reigned 13 years. Baldwin the fift of that name, the only begotten son of his sister Sibil, by his consent was chosen his successor, a youth of 9 years old, his father's name was William Mountferrat, earl of March, who dying, his mother married one Guy Earl of Lusignan, to whom Baldwin committed the protection of the kingdom and of his young kinsman till he came to man's estate. But this young man within 7 years after the death of his uncle, died sitting at his table, not without suspicion of poison. Guy his protector, by the persuasion of his wife, and at the instigation of the jerosolimits, took upon him the government: but Raimond Earl of Tripoli was his great adversary, for that Baldwin 4. for his exceeding pride, at the instigation of that Guy had displaced him of all his Offices and titles in the commonwealth. These two striving for the kingdom, it happened that Guy was charged with his kinsman's death, under which pretence Raimond made war against him. During these troubles, Saladine Sultan of Egypt taking advantage of this opportunity, made war upon them both, and with great facility conquered the kingdom and destroyed jerusalem. In this year 1187, there happened so great an Eclipse of the Sun, that at noon day the Stars were plainly to be seen. Soon after this, Raimond and Guy were both taken prisoners, and thirty thousand Christians cruelly put to the sword. After this, the Saracens sacked the Town, threw the Bells out of the Steeples, made stables of the Churches; only the Temple on Mount Golgotha stood untouched: for the Turks and Saracens honour Christ as a great Prophet. And thus the new kingdom of the Christians in jerusalem ended, which was upon the second day of October, in the year 1187, after it had continued in their possession 88 years. During the continuance of this kingdom there were many horrible visions and strange Signs and Wonders seen both in Heaven, on earth, and in the air; foreshowing (no doubt) that God was not well pleased with their actions which sought to restore that kingdom of jerusalem. For, My kingdom (saith Christ) is not of this world. And although after that, there were many Kings that by all possible means endeavoured to recover and restore the same, and for that purpose have levied many great Armies, and undertaken many tedious journeys; yet all their counsels and determinations came to nothing, for that God so often as they undertook any such expedition, either stayed their Armies, oppressed them with war, or else plagued them with famine, in such an extreme measure, that with very hunger they have been constrained to eat their Horses. Frederick Barbarossus may be an example of these calamities; who with a great army making an expedition to jerusalem, as he was travelling through Asia minor, his horse started and fling him into the river, where he died miserably ere he could be saved. Many other Princes, beside in the like enterprise came to the like ends; for they were either destroyed by the Barbarians, with the loss of thousands of their men cruelly slain, or utterly destroyed with unnatural diseases or untimely deaths. Now when the Emperor Frederick the second of that name had besieged and brought to great misery the Sultan of Egypt, and the Knight's Templars had done the like to Damieta; Corderio the Sultan's son beat down the walls of jerusalem, and had it not been for the great lamentations and earnest entreaties of the Christians, he would have destroyed the city; but for their sakes he left standing Solomon's Temple, and the Temple of the holy Sepulchre; for at this time Christians inhabit in them. Within a while after, about the year 1228, Frederick the second of that name, Emperor of Rome, went to the holy land with a great army, and came to Ptolomais, otherwise called Acon, where staying a while, he made a league with the Sultan of Egypt for ten years, regained jerusalem without drawing sword, & was there crowned in the year 1229, keeping at that time in jerusalem a royal Easter. This man fortified the Christians with a garrison, rebuilt Nazareth and joppa, and so returned into Italy. In the year 1246, Cassanus King of the Tartars being persuaded by the Sultan, with a great army invaded judaea, won jerusalem, caused the Christians to be cruelly slain, beat down the holy Sepulchre even to small pieces, and left but little standing. It was after this destroyed by Tamerlaine King of the Tartars, and by Mahomet the second of that name, Emperor of the Turks. But the Monks had leave to build up the holy Sepulchre again, for the which they paid to the Sultan or his Deputy a yearly tribute. In the year of our Lord 1516, Selimus Emperor of the Turks, about the twenty fourth day of August, near to Damascus overcame Campson Gaurus Sultan of Egypt in a cruel War, and put to death many thousands of his men; and the Sultan himself seeking to save his life by flight was miserably slain. This Selimus conquered the Holy Land, Syria, Damascus, and all the Countries thereabouts; and as he went through judaea, leaving his Army at Gaza, with a few of his Soldiers he went to jerusalem, that he might see with his eyes that place which was made so famous by the ancient Writers, and was so often mentioned in the Old and New Testament. But when he came he found nothing but a ruinated and waste place, barren and rude to look upon, inhabited by a few poor Christians, and they also held in great contempt and bondage, paying a great tribute to the Sultan of Egypt, for their liberty and the holy Sepulchre, as P. jovius writeth. But after that Selimus in that place had done his Offerings and Sacrifices to his god Mahomet, seeing the Priests and Christians pressed with extreme poverty, out of his singular mercy and compassion gave them a large and sumptuous gift, when he had stayed but one day and one night in the Town. The next morning before day he went with all expedition to his Army at Gaza, & from thence into Egypt, where he besieged the great and famous city Alcaire, and in the year 1517 took it, conquered all the country, utterly extirpated the Sultan, and went away with an honourable victory and rich booty. From this year even till now, the town of Aelia or jerusalem is under the jurisdiction of the Turks. Thus may we see how often, and with what miserable calamities this city hath been afflicted, even since the first destruction by Vespasian; which makes evident the great judgement of God not only upon the jews, but also upon the earth where they inhabited, for their infidelity and unmerciful cruelty. The description of jerusalem and the situation thereof as it is now in these times. THe former incursions and common desolations leaving this town ruined and spoiled for want of inhabitants, it became a desert and forsaken place; only some few Christians, either out of the zeal of religion, or for vulgar ostentation, to show that there had been a town, dwelled there: and thus it continued until the year 1542. at which time Solyman the great Turk, either in respect of the strength of the place, or in hope of profit, or else to get himself a name, with great cost and labour re-edified it, set up many stately buildings and sumptuous houses, beautified it with two costly Temples, the one the Temple of Solomon, and the other the holy Sepulchre; enlarged the extent thereof, and seated it upon high hills. After all this, compassed it about with a spacious and thick wall, and upon that placed many strong and stately towers, wherein there stands eight gates, viz. the fish gate, the Old gate, S. Stephen's gate (so called because they say S. Stephen went out by that gate when he was stoned) the Angle gate, the Dung gate, the Sheep gate, the Golden and Fountain gates. Thus the ancient city, and that which the Emperor Adrian built, being both destroyed, in another place is set up again. So that between both, this new city standeth, and the first city gins to be again inhabited. Of the Temple of the holy Sepulchre. THis Temple lieth upon the West within this new town, at first fairly built by the Emperor Constantine, but destroyed by Caliphas Sultan of Egypt: then by the Emperors of Constantinople rebuilt, which continueth to this day. It is round in the proportion, adorned with 79 pillars 30 foot long; the wideness by the Diameter (besides the pillars) is 73 feet, leaded above, and upon the top of the roof standeth a Lantern, by which the light cometh in: this Lantern is very curiously glazed. In the middle standeth the holy Sepulchre. To this joineth the Church in mount Golgotha, and serveth in stead of a Quire. It standeth something lower, but all under one roof. The place where the holy Sepulchre standeth is four square, eight foot long and eight broad, hewed out of a rock, and covered with marble; there is a little door in the East part of it, very low, by which men go into it, and within that the Sepulchre itself standeth upon the North side, made of grey marble, three handfuls high, and eight foot long. There are no windows for light to come to it, but over there hangeth continually nine lamps burning, whereby it receiveth light. The vault of this Sepulchre is divided with a wall; the outward is both of the same proportion and length as the inward, but that which is without seemeth to be an entry to the inner cave where Christ was buried: and there (as some say) even to this day is found a piece of the stone which the Angel rolled from the grave before the resurrection; the other part of the stone (howsoever it came there) lies upon mount Zion. But some think that the Armenians carried it thither, because upon it they have built an Altar. In this inner cave there hangs nine lamps to give light unto them that enter in by the East; so that in the inner and outer Vault there standeth eighteen Lamps. The Mount whereon Christ was crucified seemeth to stand upon a rock of stone, whitish and something blushing. It is distant from the holy Sepulchre 130 foot. The place where the Cross stood was an hard rock, eighteen steps in the ascent, and answereth to nine and twenty feet. The hole where the Cross stood is about the roundness of a man's head in latitude; and if a man might believe the Monks thereabouts, they say also that in that place is to be seen the colour of our Saviour's blood even to this day. Upon the left hand of this there stands an Altar made of marble, and over that a sumptuous Chapel paved and covered with polished marble, gilt and adorned with refulgent gold, the walls whereof are very curiously wrought and gilded. In the Church upon mount Golgotha they also show part of a pillar naturally black, spect with red spots, where they say Christ was whipped, and make the Vulgar believe that these specks are the drops of blood that fell from him. The other part of this Column was carried to Constantinople, as it was thought. In this church Godfrey first Christian King of jerusalem, and the rest of his successors lie buried. Of the Temple of Solomon as it is at this day. THis Temple lieth towards the East, and was built by the Christians just in the same place where the former Temple stood at the time when this City was rebuilt and enlarged. The body thereof is very high and spacious, and built of polished marble, adorned with most exquisite and curious workmanship, very artificial and glorious both within and without, insomuch that the polished stones cast a singular beautiful and resplendent lustre. Above it is covered with lead, and was built up at the cost and labour of the Grecians; in the roof whereof the Turks place an half moon, as they usually do in all such churches wherein they come and have authority. The Turks and Saracens have this Temple in great reverence and devotion, they adorn it (according to their custom) with diverse artificial pictures and emblems. They will suffer no Christians to enter into it, nor any jews upon pain of death. And if it happens that at any time they go into it, they first wash themselves with water very clean, then put off their hose and shoes, and so go bare foot. This Temple they call the holy Rock, and in the body thereof there hangeth 700 lamps which burn night and day. In the midst hereof there standeth a certain little rock every where indented with iron, near to which not any of the Saracens or Infidels dare to approach or touch, although there come many very fare to visit it: for they believe that there were many memorable & worthy things done in that rock: they think that Melchisedeck the first Priest of the great God offered bread and wine upon it, Genes. 14. and that here the Patriarch jacob saw the Ladder which reached from heaven to earth, Gen. 28. which indeed happened not in jerusalem, but in Bethel, as the Scriptures witness. Further they believe, that upon this stone David saw the Angel of the Lord standing with a shaken sword when he struck the city with the pestilence, 2 Sam. 24. and that the Priests of the old Testament offered upon this stone their sacrifices to the Lord, which were devoured with fire from heaven. All which things do utterly differ from holy Scripture. The jews also are of opinion, That the prophet jeremy about the time of the captivity of Babylon, in this stone hid the Ark of the Covenant, until such time as the Lord brought the people back again from the captivity. Which is contrary also to the books of the holy Scripture; for, 2 Mach. 2. it is said, it was hid in the mount Nebo, where Moses stood when he saw the whole land of Canaan. Also the Turks say that Christ sat upon this stone when Simeon took him in his arms and blessed him. Here also he sat in the midst of the Doctors when he was but twelve years of age, Luk. 2. which also differeth from the Scripture; for this was not the body of the Temple, but in the middle court or Solomon's porch, which sometimes was taken for the Temple, because it joined to it. And diverse circumstances of the Scripture do seem to make this evident, because here Christ taught, and here the people usually met together, as appeareth, Iosh. 10. and Psal. 72. About the Temple of jerusalem there is a fair Plain much resembling our Church yards, all paved with marble stone. To this there is adjoining a fair Church covered with lead, & was sometimes called Solomon's porch; but after the Christians had won jerusalem they gave it the name of S. Mary's. The Turk keeps burning in this daily 800 lamps, and it is much greater than that of Solomon's Temple. The Sultan of Egypt also about an hundred years before, built a little Church or Moscho close by Solomon's Temple, wherein are continually burning 88 Lamps. There is a vault under the Temple of the blessed Virgin Mary, of such an extraordinary greatness that 600 horse may easily be placed in it. And thus we may see the Temple of Solomon and city of jerusalem not only to be in the power of the Turks, but also profaned with the blasphemous doctrine of Mahomet. And also we may here behold the abomination of desolation standing in the holy place where sometime was the Ark of the Covenant, Dan. 9 Mat. 24. and the prophecy of jeremy is fully finished, ca 19 This place shall be like unto the place of Tophet, where they did sacrifice to the Host of heaven, and unto other strange gods. Of other buildings within the city of Aelia, which is now called jerusalem. MOunt Zion is placed toward the South of jerusalem, where even at this day the Monks undertake to show the ruins of David's Tower, the sepulchers of the Kings of Israel, and many other holy places. But P. Orosius and other Historians write, How in the time of Adrian Caesar there happened a great earthquake in such a terrible manner, that the mountain of Zion with the sepulchre of David fell down and were utterly defaced. Further all true Historians do write, That Adrian the Emperor did so much deface the City, that he left not a stone standing upon a stone, nay not a whole stone, but all were broken into small pieces; and yet notwithstanding pilgrims are so mad and blind, that they go thither with great pains to seek those holy places, where when they come, with the expense of a great deal of time, in recompense of their pains are made a laughing stock to the Kings of jerusalem, and find nothing but feigned and supposed holy places and buildings: since the words of our Saviour manifest, That there shall not be a stone left upon a stone which shall not be broken to pieces. And Borchardus the Monk saith, That the Romans caused the Temple and other princely buildings, together with the mountains, to be thrown down and cast into the valleys, with which being filled, there remaineth not so much as an Emblem of the old City. From whence may evidently appear, That those places which are now shown to Pilgrims by the Monks of jerusalem, are merely suborned and feigned, on purpose to deceive them & get their money. They are very simple therefore that go to jerusalem seek their salvation in such places. And as for the Sepulchre (as is aforesaid) the Tartars beat it all in pieces; so that this monument of our Lord is not to be found upon the earth. Wherefore our Saviour Christ is no more to be sought among the dead, but in the sacred monument of his holy word, for there he hath promised to make evident his divine presence, etc. Of the Sects that are in and about the Temple of the holy Sepulchre. IN and about the church which is built over the holy sepulchre upon mount Calvarie, there are at this day many of diverse nations and countries which inhabit, of diverse opinions and Religions. And although they differ in material points of their faith, yet would they be all Christians: of which number there are some Latins, Greeks', Abyssines, Armenians, Gregorians, Nestorians, Surians, and jacobins. The Latins for the most part are such as we call Franciscan Monks, observants, or Friars. Latins. These have the keeping of the holy Sepulchre, and look to it very diligently; where sometimes they make a certain number of Knights of the noble Order of S. john's Templars, with many ceremonies and great solemnities. These Knights are girt with a sword all gilt, hanging in a red velvet girdle; a chain of gold is put upon them worth about 100 Hungarian ducats, at the end whereof there hangs a jerusalem Cross of gold. This kind of cross also they are permitted to wear upon their arms and clothes; then have they a pair of gilt spurs with velvet tiings. But before they are admitted into this order, they must swear upon the holy Sepulchre to maintain & defend the doctrine of the Pope. The Grecians that are there be also Monks, Grecians. and do inhabit within the Temple of the holy Sepulchre; but they have the keeping of the place where our Saviour Christ was crucified, and differ from the Romanists. For they believe first, That the holy Ghost proceedeth from the Father and not the Son. Secondly, they give the Sacraments in both kinds; thirdly, they hold not the Pope to be head of the Church; fourthly, they deny Purgatory and prayer for the dead; fifthly, they sing Mass in their own language that every man may understand it, but they observe seven Sacraments as the Romanists do. They teach men to pray to and call upon Saints, they yearly observe two strict fasting days, and eat no flesh upon Saturdays. The rest of the Grecians that are through the East parts leave marriage free, as well for the Clergy as Laity, and condemn the Latin Priests because they marry not. They allow no graved images in their Churches, but in some places of their Churches they have fair painted pictures hanging. They approve not the Pope, but have a Patriarch for their high Bishop, which Patriarch is greatly reverenced, and much honoured in Constantinople. Abyssines. The Abissins' be such as are of Prester john's government: their complexion is brown, their habitation is in the Temple upon mount Calvary, on the East side of the Church door: They also approve not the Pope, but allow Priests to marry, and give the sacrament in both kinds; yet there are many sects and opinions among them, forbearing those meats forbidden in the old Testament: they circumcise both male and female, which the jews do not; they observe our Saturday for their Sabbath; they baptise their children with fire, of which I will speak more hereafter, in the description of the town of Saba. Armenians. The Armenians are Christians, and come out of Armenia; their dwelling is in a Chapel upon mount Zion near to Saint james his church; they deny the Pope to be head of the Church: they minister the Sacraments in both kinds; their Priests marry; they forbear the meats forbidden in the old Testament. They have a kind of custom, to whine and cry by the graves of the dead; upon Twelfth day they keep a great feast, and the next day gins their Lent, which they keep strictly, and eat neither eggs nor fish, nor any living thing during that time: They observe Wednesdays and Fridays; they preach, sing and say their Service in their own tongue; they deny prayer for the dead, and Purgatory; they all wear hats with blue hatbands. Gregorians. The Gregorians are Christians that dwell by the great city of Trapezunta upon the Euxinian Sea. Their Priests marry, but if their wives die they must not marry again. They dwell in jerusalem, in the Church upon mount Caluarie, where Christ after his resurrection shown himself like a Gardener unto Marie Magdalen. The Nestorian heretics, Nestorians. who now are found in great numbers in Niniveh, which at this day is called Morsel, and in other places thereabout; do yet hold the heresy of Nestorias there master, and teach, That Christ had two natures, and that he hath two persons, and that Marie was not the mother of God, but that she bore Christ who was man only: about their Hats they were flesh coloured hatbands. Some of their Priests are found to dwell in the Temple of mount Caluarie. The Surians follow the Grecian Christians, Surians. touching the most of their opinions; they respect not much their religion; for in regard of their poverty they are forced to work for day wages under the Turks. Some of them also dwell in jerusalem in a church called S. Marks, which standeth in the place of the house where john Mark dwelled, where the Apostle Peter knocked when the Angel led him out of prison. The Sect of the jacobins are resident in a Chapel which standeth behind the Sepulchre. jacobins. They take that name of jacob the Heretic, who was a Disciple of the Patriarch of Alexandria; they are wavering and unconstant among themselves, and are here and there found in judaea, Egypt, and Barbary, divided into many Sects; for some of them hold with Eutichus and Macharus, who ascribe one nature to Christ, which is the Godhead, and deny the manhood. Some of them circumcise their children, some baptise them with fire, and make a cross upon their faces. Of this fiery baptism you shall read more hereafter in the description of the City of Saba. Hereby you may note, how the temple of the holy Sepulchre in jerusalem is filled with many Sects, who altogether give and pay tribute to the Emperor of the Turks; whereby you may see that Christ will be no more sought in the holy Sepulchre, but rather in the holy Evangelists, where he suffereth himself to be found by all those that seek him with a pure heart. Of the Sects of the jews. IN these our times the jews do inhabit in jerusalem, and are divided into many sects, that is to say, Pharises, Saducees, Essaes', Genisteis, Morboneis, and Meristeis. The Pharises took that name from the interpretation of the law, and is derived from the Hebrew word Parasch, which signifies to expound: so that Pharasei is as much to say as Doctor or expounder of the law: they approve of Moses and the Prophets; they hold the immortality of the soul: but of Christ and the principal parts of his Doctrine, of the law, of sin, and of ceremonies, they have many opinions and expositions. They feign that the law was instituted by God for outward discipline; that sin is only outward transgression & the violating of men's traditions: they hold there is no original sin, but that men may perform the Law, and merit everlasting life; besides many other things, as washings, fastings, offering gifts in the Temple, and such like ceremonies; of which there is no commandment extant in the Scripture. Read Mat. 3.59.12.5. etc. Mar. 2.3.7. etc. joh. 3.7.8. etc. Acts 15.23. etc. The Saducees give themselves an honourable title, being derived from Zedukim or Zeddikim, calling themselves just, from the word Zadok, He was just, and by Amphetresim is not unproperly derived from Dicaioo, or Dicaios, signifying justus: and by Prothesin in Latin, judex a judge. So that Zaddik or Zadducaeus signifies a just judge, which would judge all others, but they themselves were without offence: Thus the worst men got the best names. They only allow the five books of Moses; they dream the Messiah should be an earthly king; they believe the souls of men to be mortal, and to perish with their bodies; they do not believe the resurrection, nor that there are either Angels, Spirits, or Devils. The Essaes' had rather be called Studients, taking their name from Asa, under which title they would seem to reprehend, and amongst other things avoid the profane liberty of the Saducees and approve not the arrogant dissimulation of the Pharises; but that they teach more divine and profitable precepts. These live 〈◊〉 Monastical life, unmarried; their goods are common; for the most part they practise physic: in their assemblies, the ancientest o● them read some part of Moses law, or some of the Prophets; all of them both young and old at certain times of the day, say prayers. They have no new kind of doctrine, but embrace the Priesthood of Moses: They dwell in the deserts and utmost parts of judaea near to the lake Asphaltites, and in the garden of Balm near jericho, where the ancient Prophets Elias and Eliseus had their schools, whose disciples were called the children of the prophets. These three sects began in judas Macchabeus time joseph. l. 3. c. 18. The Genisteis are said to be those that do certainly affirm, that they are of the posterity of Abraham, although they have lost their genealogies, & cannot prove it. These call themselves great and noble, and are of the stock of those that in the captivity of Babylon married the wives of other nations: of which you may read in Nehem. So that they are half Gentiles, half jews, and account themselves to be of the Nobility. The Morboneiss very solemnly observe the Saboth, which many others that are flatterers of the Turks and Saracens do not: there are a great company of these; for almost all the jews do very superstitiously celebrate the Saboth: and therefore they take their name partly from a Multitude, and parley from Usury; for Merebech in Hebrew signifies a multitude, and Tarebah Usury. Meristeis are those jews that divide the Scripture, and say the Prophets spoke not all with one spirit; and what they list they make Scripture, and what they list they leave out: and therefore the Grecians call them Meristein, which signifies to divide. There are also others in these our times that are jews too, but they are called Samaritans, which only approve of the Mosaical law, and reject the rest of the Scriptures and Prophets. These are so called from Keeping: for this word Schamar properly signifies to preserve or keep a speech in heart, and hath therefore a certain congruity and consonance with the Latin word Sermo: so that Schamar in Hebrew, and Sermo in Latin, are much what of one signification. But all the jews, except the Saducees have one faith; they think they may fulfil the commandments, and by their own works be justified and purchase eternal life. They deny the Trinity and Christ, and do believe that their Messiah is yet to come, and shall bring them back again into the land of Promise. Of the Saracens and Turks which inhabit in jerusalem: of their faith and religion. THe Saracens are a people of Arabia the stony; of the posterity of Ishmael the son of Abraham, which he begat of Hagar. From whence they are rightly called Agarins, notwithstanding they had rather be called Saracens. Others call them Saracens, à Saraca, which is a part of Arabia the stony. It seemeth therefore that these people took their name from a principality; for Sarar in Hebrew is the same that Principatum gessit is in Latin, or if you will, Principatum obtinuit, which signifies (to obtain Principality.) And therefore the Saracens, or Saracens, may be said Princes or Captains, whose Principality extends itself far and near: but Agarins' signifies Peregrinators; for Gour or Gar is as much to say as a Pilgrim. These people combined themselves with Mahomet that false Prophet, borne of obscure parentage: his father's name was Abdiminech, of his wife that was of the family of Ishmael, or of the Saracens, borne in Arabia the stony, (and as it is expressed in their Koran) upon the xxj. day of September, according to our account, about the year of Christ 570. he took his name from a tumultuous confusion: for hamah signifies tumultuatus est, he hath been tumultuous; And Hamam, tumultuando disturbavit, He divided by contention. From hence Maimo signifies tumultuor, A contend, and Maiomai, concitor, a rebel. From whence may be gathered, That Mahomet is an ominous & seditious name. Whiles he was in his infancy he lived with his father; after, being of a prompt wit, he served one Abdomoneplis a Merchant, in whose service conversing with Christians and jews, he got a smattering knowledge of the old and new Testament, and many acquaintance; amongst which was one Sergius an Arian Monk, a man very well affected of this Abdomoneplis. Abdomoneplis died, and by the persuasion of this Monk, Mahomet married Cadican his wife, although she was fifty years of age, and by her had great riches: she soon after also died, and left Mahomet all that she had. He on a sudden, being lift up to this height of substance, grew very ambitious (for he was naturally proud, wrathful, a thief, a whoremaster, a most impudent adulterer, and wheresoever he came made havoc of all things. (This man by the help of the Saracens and others, affected the kingdom of Arabia, which within short time after he obtained, entering Mecha the chief city thereof, upon Thursday the fifteenth of july, Anno Dom. 622. and by the help of two jews and this Sergius, wrote that blasphemous Law of the Alcoron, falsely professing himself to be a Prophet, and began cruelly to oppose himself against all neighbouring nations and cities. The Koran taketh the name from Splendour or Brightness; for All in the Arabic, is as much as Karan in the Hebrew, and that signifies to shine or cast forth a brightness. This Koran contains a blasphemous and detestable law, written in the Arabian tongue without any order or colour of knowledge, teaching manifest lies, and execrable blasphemies against God; and for the most part, the pleasures and delights of this world: for he doth deny that there is one eternal essence of the Deity, and the holy Trinity; our Saviour Christ they one while call the Son of God, and another while, the Soul or Spirit of God. They deny his Deity, but say, that he was a holy man, borne without a father, of the chaste and incorruptible Virgin Marie. And although he was before all beginning, yet they believe that he was not begotten, but created before all other essential creatures, by the eternal God. Also they say he was not crucified, but some other in his place; and therefore the salvation of man not to consist in the merits of Christ, but in our own proper works. And that the jews might embrace the Koran, they retain Circumcision, which is commonly done when the children are thirteen years of age; about which time, Ishmael was circumcised. They forbear the meats forbidden in the Law; they have many wives at one time; they tolerate a bill of Divorce, and affirm that after the resurrection men may have many wives, and with them banquet, surfeit, and use pleasant recreations, with diverse such errors and vain trifles, which for brevity's sake I omit. That he might the better persuade men to embrace and believe these his lies, and blasphemous doctrines, he very cunningly seemed to confirm them with many false and feigned miracles: and amongst the rest this was one: Having taught a white Dove to fetch corn in his ear, whiles he was preaching to the people, it chanced she came and sat upon his shoulder, and putting her bill into his ear according to her accustomed manner, he persuaded the people that it was the spirit of God, which delivered him the words of the Law. A Bull also, taught after the same manner, at his voice came before him, and kneeling down did him reverence, with the Koran tied upon his horns; which he affirmed was come from heaven and brought that new Law. Then did he make diverse horns of gold and silver, and filling them full of milk hide them in the earth: after which, in a great assembly he caused the same places to be opened, and told the people that these signified plenty and abundance, to all such as kept and observed that Law: But the violaters thereof should be punished with death. Together with many other such like idle and foolish miracles, (which would be too tedious to recite) that he might make the people believe that it came from God. And being afflicted with the falling sickness, gave it out, that then the Angel Gabriel told him the Law, making this likewife a means to further his designs: but after, viz. upon the eighth of june, Anno Dom. 632. and in the sixty one year of his age, he died miserably of this disease, after he had reigned in Mecha ten years; and Enbubizer or Abubachar his father in law succeeded him in the government, who built in his honour a Church, and in that put his sepulchre, both stately and sumptuous. The Turks also embrace this doctrine, and joined their forces with the Saracens: They extended their Empire under Mahomet the third, into Asia, Europe, and Africa. They derive their name (as I suppose) from Cruelty; for Turca signifieth A cruel destroyer, or an armed enemy, being derived from the Hebrew word Tarach, that is, to effect his purpose. From whence they are not improperly called of the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to vex and make weary; or else from the Hebrew word Tachaera, which signifies a shield; and from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, to put on a shield, and to arm themselves: for the Turks are armed enemies, and destroyers of the whole world: And by Ezechiel are called Gog and Magog, cap. 38. & 39 of Magog which was the son of japhet, Gen. 10. and as some think inhabited the North parts of the world. Pliny places them in Bospherus, Cimmerius, Scythia, etc. which lieth toward the East. But indeed they have often changed their residence, and have come into Persia, Armenia, Syria, Palestina, Arabia, & cruelly destroyed them, until they had conquered Constantinople, and got a great part of Europe; and have infected the minds of all the inhabitants in those parts with their manners, slaughters, and rapines, according to that blasphemous Law of the Koran. They first afflicted those parts about the year of our Lord 760. Constantius Copronius, being then the Emperor of Rome; since which time they have conquered a great part of the World. A Relation of the Travels and Peregrinations of the Saints and holy Patriarches, as they are severally mentioned in the first Book of MOSES. And first of the first man, ADAM. ADAM the first man, took his name from Adamah, which signifies red earth, because he was made of the red slime of the earth. Therefore the Latins derive Homo from Humo; also the Grecians from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, which signifies the earth. But when man was laid open to all calamities, miseries, yea & death, the Hebrews called him Enosh, which signifies, a mortal and miserable man: for this attribute to man agreeth with the word Nosch, which signifies to be sick of a deadly disease. There are some that think that man was made in Syria near to Damascus, because there is found much red earth. Others say near to Hebron a city in the Tribe of juda, and there also lies buried; for in a cave near that place, lies much red earth, which the inhabitants even to this day show unto Pilgrims: but this is nothing to the purpose, since we know that man was first created, and then brought into Paradise, Gen. 1. and 2. Of Paradise. PAradise, which in Greek is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and in Hebrew pards, signifies a pleasant Garden plentifully furnished with fruitful trees, but principally Myrtle trees, which beareth a kind of berry of a very delectable taste: for this Hebrew word seemeth to be a compound, that is, of Parah, which signifies to fructify, and Hadas, a myrtle; of the fruit of which tree, there is made a certain wine called myrtle or mulberry wine: the mystery hereof is, that Christ is that tree of life, that fruitful and pleasant myrtle, whereby we are raised up unto eternal life, Gen. 2. Apoc. 22. Mat. 11. Luther calleth Paradise in his discourse of Germany, a pleasant Garden, Eccl. 2. Munster, an Orchard: and in the Bible it is called Eden, a place plentifully furnished with all things necessary for the procuring of pleasure & delight. The Grecians call it Hedone, which signifies an extraordinary delectable and pleasant place; for in it there was great abundance of all things, as well of trees, fruits, herbs, and sweet smelling flowers, as of beasts and fowls of the heaven. Into this place God put man, to dress it and keep it: But where it stood, and whether it be now upon the earth, there are diverse opinions: the Romanists hold, that it is placed in the East without the Tropics: others would have it under the Aequator, because it is a very temperate region: but experience tells us, that there it is very hot and scorching: others think it stands upon the top of a high mountain, free from all the violent motions and impressions of the air, in which place they hold Aenoch and Eliah are yet living: there are others that assign the whole East part to be Paradise, and that there were some peculiar places most fruitful, of which they think was Syria, Damascus, Arabia Foelix, Egypt and judaea, in which part man was put. They also say, that the tree of Knowledge stood upon Mount Caluary, near about that place where Christ was crucified, so that he made satisfaction for sin in the same place where sin was first committed. And this I hold to be the better opinion; and that it remained till the deluge, kept in the custody of Angels, at God's appointment, and by the flood, together with other creatures, was abolished. And for that saying of our Saviour to the thief upon the cross, This day shalt thou be with me in Paradise, is not to be understood of the earthly Paradise, but of the heavenly, the place of the blessed angels and saints, where God with his divine majesty filleth them with the light of righteousness, and quickeneth them with eternal life. This place Paul calls the third heaven, and that heavenly Paradise of which the earthly Paradise is a type, 2. Cor. 12. Of the four Rivers that watered Paradise. THe four Floods of Paradise, were, Pison, Gihen, Hidekel, and Euphrates, Gen. 2. There was but one Fountain of all these floods, and this was in Paradise itself, which in those times was divided into four streams. But as by the Flood all the face of the earth was changed, so likewise were these rivers, and their Fountains and Channels altered from the places where at first they were; notwithstanding, in memory of them, there remains some relics, though perhaps not in the same place, nor springing out of one and the same Fountain, as they did before. And as the Mediterranean sea, the gulf of Arabia, and many other Mere and Lakes, before the Flood, were not, but (by the general consent of all learned men) happened by that huge inundation; the same may be said of these Rivers. The head, or beginning of the River Pischon or Pison, is 4800 miles Eastward from jerusalem, and is like unto an arm of the Sea, some 12 or 16 miles over, and for that cause it taketh the name from Posch, that is, increasing, or, of an extraordinary greatness: from hence the Grecians call it Phuson, because it divides itself into diverse Rivulets or Streams. It compasseth in Havilah, it divideth that part of the world which we call India, into the outward and inward: and there is called Ganges, taking that name from an Aethiopian King called Gange, as Swydas saith. Some say it is unknown where it first riseth: others say it riseth in Scythia, and watereth all the neighbour countries as it passeth along, as Nilus doth, and so being dispersed into 30 channels, divideth India with one of them: the narrowest place of Ganges is 8 miles over, and the shallowest 100 foot deep, it bringeth forth Dolphins, Crocodiles, and diverse other creatures. Solinus and Strabo saith, That the River Tigris riseth in Armenia, a very fair and clear Fountain; it is distant from jerusalem six hundred miles towards the North: it runneth with such an exceeding swiftness, that fishes cannot swim against it, and passeth through the lake of Arthusia, without once mingling itself with the water: and for this cause it is called Tigris, which signifies, a dart, and a beast of extraordinary swiftness and cruelty. This River running from towards the North and the rising of the Sun, it compasseth in Mesopotamia, and passeth by the borders of Media and Assiria, and after that of Chaldaea and Arabia, it there receiveth in the River Hydaspis', and so joining with Euphrates, falls into the lake of Persia. The Hebrews called this River Chidikill from Chadad, which signifies acute, and Kalal, light, for it is a swift running stream: from hence the Grecians call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; the Latins, Celer; the Germans, Ein Zelter, which signifies with us, a horse swiftly running; for it passeth away swifter than an arrow out of a bow. Going towards the East, some 36 miles from the ancient Babylon, it runneth through a town called Bagedeth, bordering upon Turkey and Persia, and from thence towards the latitude, to a town called Argentaratus, where it changeth the name to Tigris; in that place it runneth so extreme swift, that it will make a man's head dizzy to look upon it. Strabo saith, the River Euphrates riseth out of a mountain in Armenia, called Nipha, some 300 miles from the City of jerusalem towards the North, watering Mesopotamia and Chaldaea, and passing through the midst of that flourishing City Babylon, divides it into two parts; and after passing through, and fructifying Arabia, it joineth with the Flood Tigris, and falls into the Persian gulf. Semiramis Queen of the Assyrians and of Babylon, built a bridge over the narrowest place of this River, being some three quarters of a mile over. The Hebrews call this River, Parah, because it fructifieth; and from thence the Grecians call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, to bear fruit; the Germans, Fruchter, which in English is, fruitful or pleasant: And therefore Saint Ambrose saith, it is derived from Euphranein, that is, from rejoicing; For that overflowing the Fields, it causeth them the next year to flourish with all kind of fruit and pleasant flowers. The water of this river is very foul and dirty, so that it is unfit to drink: according to that of jeremy, cap. 2. What availeth it thee to go into Assyria, that thou mightest drink of the water of Euphrates? If a man takes this water in a vessel, & let it stand but two hours, the dirt and sand will lie at the bottom thereof two inches thick. Therefore the inhabitants near about it, are wont to take a great pot that holdeth a good quantity, whereinto putting water, they let it stand till all the filth be sunk to the bottom, and so they clear water to drink. Nilus taketh the beginning from a certain mountain in Mauritania the lower, not far from the Ocean, and issues from a Lake which they call Nidiles, and partly from other Lakes, and is increased with the snow waters falling from the mountains of the Moon in Africa, 3200 miles from jerusalem towards the South. Some think it took the name from Nileus a certain King thereabouts. Others, from the soil which it yearly brought down in the stream, whereby all Egypt is made fruitful; from whence some think it was called Seruious Nilus, for that it bringeth down new mud with it. The Hebrews call it Gihen, because it breaketh out of the earth with great violence. This River comes through the deserts of Aethiopia, and so with great violence comes into Egypt, where it is divided into seven streams, and in times past had seven gates, the names of which were, Canopicus, or Heraclioticus, Bolbitinus, Sebiniticus, Pharmiticus, Mendesius, Taniticus, and Palusinus. The two outward gates of which, viz. Canopicus, and Palusiacus, were 160 miles a sunder. Appianus saith, There are two other gates called Tineptimicus, and Diolcus: This ninth gate is divided at a city and place called Delta, taking the name from the likeness that it hath to the Greek letter so called. So that Nilus is divided into nine gates, by which nine gates it falls into the Mediterranean Sea. There are many that think, that Paradise was only in Egypt, and that then it had only but four streams, and that at the Flood it was confused into nine, and they would seem to prove their opinion out of the 31 chapter of Ezekiel, where he calleth Egypt a garden of pleasure. But this differeth from the description of Moses, for it is not situate in the East, but rather the South from jerusalem, and fare distant from the two Eastern Rivers, Euphrates and Hiddikel, by which the holy Scriptures do principally denote Paradise. Wherefore it may be concluded, that Egypt was only a part of Paradise, not Paradise itself: And that this River was one of the Rivers, not all, the streams of which River at some times of the year, viz. in the Summer Solstice, when the Sun is near the Dogge-starre, gins to swell and overflow the banks, by reason of the melting of the snow which lies upon the mountains of the Moon, and so drown all the places near unto it, through the land of Egypt, leaving behind it certain slime and mud, by which it comes to pass, that the Country is very fruitful, and serves them in steed of rain, at which time of the year (for this happens once every year) the people and inhabitants of the Country retire themselves to their Towns, Cities, and Castles, situated upon Rocks, Mountains, and high grounds, from whence it happeneth, that they sustain very little discommodity or loss, by any such inundation. They also keep little boats, whereby they pass from one place to another, because all their passages and foot paths are then drowned with waters. There are many pretty observations which the people of Egypt were wont to take notice of in the rising of this water, for they had certain staffs whereby they measured the depth of it, if it rose but to twelve cubits (which is six yards in height, they then stood in fear of great famine, so also if it was but thirteen, for then the water was not deep enough to make the ground fertile: but if it rose to fourteen or fifteen, than they were in great hope, and did not doubt of a fruitful year: and if to sixteen, they then greatly rejoiced at their prosperity, and kept banquets and feasts, and were assured that the succeeding year would be very plentiful: but if it rose above, they laid a side all signs of joy, and lived very sparingly, and with great sorrow; this great inundation of waters foreshowing scarcity, and want, and famine, and pestilence, and death. And thus Nilus' yearly, every year is to them in stead of rain, for Egypt is without rain. In Autumn, at such time as the Sun going out of the last face of Libra, entereth into Scorpio, the waters of Nilus by little and little retire themselves into their banks, and the earth becomes quite uncovered of water: about which time, the Country being exceeding hot, the earth is presently made dry in all those places, so that in the month of October, they may both till and sow their Land. In this river the Crocodile and the Ichneumo breed, of the nature of which two, you may sufficiently read in Gesner. There also breeds the Pelican, of which Saint jerom saith, there are two kinds, one that life's upon the water, an other that life's upon the land: these birds as some affirm; kill their young ones upon their beak, and then leave them lying in their nest for three days; at the end of which time, the female grievously wounds herself upon the breast, and pouring her blood upon her young ones, revives them again. This bird may very well be a type and figure of our blessed Saviour, who shedding his precious blood upon the cross for our sins, after the third day rose again, and that he might restore us to life that be dead in sin, poureth out his blood upon us, whereby we are made capable of eternal life. Of the place where Adam and Eva dwelled after the breaking of the commandment, Gen. 3. ADam and Eva, being driven out of Paradise, dwelled at Damascus, 160 miles from jerusalem, as Munster and others writ: the Townsmen of Damascus, at this day show the place where Cain slew his brother Abel, and it is well to be believed that this City receives her name thereby, for Damascus signifies bloodshedding or a place which hath drunk up blood. Of the place where Cain dwelled. CAin after he had slain his brother Abel, dwelled in the land of Nod, a land of fear and disquiet, in the Town of Hanoch, and as some think, it was the same place where Babylon (after noah's Flood) was built, being four hundred and eighty miles from jerusalem Eastward. Of the place where Noah dwelled. NOah signifying quiet and rest, dwelled in Armenia, six hundred miles from jerusalem Northward, hard by Mount Ararat, upon which Mount, the Ark, (after the Flood) stayed itself, Gen. 8. Ptolomeus nameth These high Hills in Armenia Gordes, which are always covered with snow, and no man may get upon them. Sem. SEm who in the holy Scriptures is called Melchisedeck, that is, a King of righteousness, dwelled in the City of jerusalem, which as then was called Salem, that is, a City of peace. Nimroth. NImroth was the first Prince and regent upon earth, and built Babylon, which is six hundred and eighty miles from jerusalem Eastward. Strabo writeth, That in Babylon there was an old four square Tower built of brick, four hundred and sixteen else high * That is, 200 yards high. , and each side thereof four hundred and sixteen else broad: This without doubt was a piece of the Tower of Babylon, the top whereof should have reached up to Heaven, Gen. 22. Babel or Babylon signifieth a confusion, because in that place God confounded the workman's tongues, when they built the Tower of Babylon. The Travels of Abraham. 1 ABraham went out of his own Country of Vhr in Chaldaea, to the City of Haran in Mesopotamia, which is 376 miles. 2 Erom Haran, by God's commandment he went to Sichem, which is four hundred miles. 3 From Sichem he went to the Plain and wood of Mamre to the Hill between Bethel and Hay, which is 28 miles. 4 From thence he went into Egypt, travelling Southward 240 miles. 5 Out of Egypt he went again into Canaan, to the hill that lieth between Bethel and Hay, which is 240 miles, Gen. 13. 6 From thence he went to the Plain of Mamre near Hebron, 32 miles. 7 From the plain of Mamre, he went to Dan, which is 124 miles and there overthrew the four Kings which had taken Lot prisoner, Gen. 14. 8 Then he pursued the enemy for the space of 80 miles to Hobam in Phoenicia, which lieth in the left side of Damascus, Gen. 14. 9 From Phoenicia, he went to Sodom, wnere Melchisedech met him, which are 160 miles, Gen. 14. 10 From Sodom, he went back again to the plain of Mamre, which are 40 miles. 11 From the Plain of Mamre, he went to Gerer, which is six miles, where his son Isaac was borne, Gen. 20.21. 12 From Gerar, he went to Beersaba, which is 12 miles, where he took an oath of King Abimilech. 13 From Beersaba, he went to mount Moriah, which is 40 miles, where he would have offered his son Isaac, Gen. 22. 14 From mount Moriah, he returned again to Beersaba, which is 40 miles. 15 From Beersaba, he and his wife went to the plain of Mamre by Hebron, which is 16 miles, and there they died and were buried, Gen. 23. and 25. So that all the Travels of the Patriarch Abraham, were 1794 miles. Now followeth the description of the Towns and places. THe Town of Vhr in Chaldaea, where Abraham was borne at this day is called Orchae, (as Petrus Appianus writeth) and is distant from jerusalem 624 miles Eastward. It seemeth, it either took that name from light or fire, or else from divine worship, for there they used to offer many offerings, but at that time they committed idolatry, for which cause Abraham went from thence, perceiving that the Chaldeans took the fire for their god, because fire came down from Heaven and consumed their offerings. Learned men therefore are of opinion, that the Chaldaeans in the town of Vhr, worshipped the fire for their god. Haran or Charan, that is, Wrath. HAran is the chief city in Mesopotamia, where Abraham for a time dwelled with his father Thara. There the rich Roman Crassus with his army was overthrown by the Parthians, and is distant from jerusalem 440 miles Northeastward, taking its name from the water Charan which runneth through it. But at this day the city is called Ophra, lying eleven day's journey from Mossel or Nineveh, as D. Leonard Ronwolfe writeth, who in Anno 1575., upon the thirtieth of january was in that town. Ophra or Haran is a fair city well inhabited, and indifferent great, compassed about with walls and towers, richly furnished with merchandise, but especially with fair coverlets of diverse colours, that are made therein. There is likewise great trade and traffic for diverse kinds of wares brought thither by Caravans, which are great numbers of camels, horses, & other beasts, that carry great burdens, with many men to conduct them, which traffic and travel from one city to another. This city in times past belonged to the Parthians, even then when Crassus the rich Roman, fifty three years before the birth of Christ, rob the temple of jerusalem, and of those holy relics bore away to the value of six tuns of gold. For which God punished him openly; for upon the sixth of june after, he was by the Parthians overthrown hard by Haran in Mesopotamia, and there taken and slain. The Parthians pouring melted gold into his mouth, said, Drink now thy fill (thou greedy Wretch) of that which thou so long hast thirsted after, for with this thou mayst fill thy greedy throat. In this overthrow were slain thirty thousand Romans, and by that means the city of Haran returned again under the Parthians. After that, the Persians took it; but now it is under the Turk. In this city of Haran at this day there is to be seen a Well of very clear water, at which Rebecca gave drink to Eleazar Abraham's servant, and to his Camels, Genes. 24.19. This Well by the townsmen is called abraham's well: there also Rachel, Laban's daughter, first spoke with the holy Patriarch jacob, who turning the stone off from the Well, gave her sheep of the water to drink. This water hath a very pleasant taste, and is a notable Type of holy Baptism; for like as the holy Fathers took their wives by this well, so Christ receiveth his holy congregation by the Well of Baptism, in his Word and holy Sacrament. This is the right Well of Israel, which floweth into everlasting life. The city of Haran (now called Ophra) lieth from Nineveh 232 miles Westward. Sichem, a Shoulder. SIchem is a town in Samaria on the borders of Ephraim, lying on mount Garizim, 36 miles from jerusalem Northward. It takes the name (as Phil. Melancthon writeth) from the place whereon it standeth, like a shoulder; for Sichem signifies a shoulder. Of this town I will speak more at large in the new Testament, for that by it Christ spoke with the Samaritan woman, joh. 4. In this town Dina jacobs' daughter was ravished, Gen. 34. and there the bones of the Patriarch joseph were buried, Ios. 24. Abimelech for spite & upon no occasion utterly destroyed the town, and having razed it to the ground, sowed it with salt, judg. 9 But jeroboam King of jerusalem built it up again and dwelled therein, 1 Kin. 12. It was a free town, whither a might resort that had killed any man by chance, and save himself, Ios. 20. Mount Garizim, whereon the town of Sichem stood, was a piece of mount Ephraim. Tanis, in Hebrew Zoan; an Inn or house of Harbour. TAnis or Zoan was the chief city in Egypt, where Pharaoh in Abraham's time kept his court, as we read in the thirteenth Chapter and fourth book of Moses, and Psal. 58. and lieth 232, miles from jerusalem Southeastward: four miles from Tanis stood the kingly town of Memphis, which was likewise built before Abraham's time; but at that time it was not so famous as Tanis, for there is not one word spoken of Memphis in the books of Moses. But when time serves I will speak more of these two places. Of the Mount between Bethel and Hay. THis hill is 4 miles from jerusalem upon the North, lying between the 2 towns of Bethel & Hay, and is called mount Ephraim; where Abraham at his return out of Egypt the second time set up his Tabernacle, of purpose to be conversant with Melchisedeck who dwelled in jerusalem; and with him gave thanks to God for the singular favours that he had showed toward him, in delivering his wife Sara from the hands of Abimelech King of Egypt, who would have ravished her, & as he feared, endangered his life. In this place Let separated himself from Abraham, and went to dwell in Sodom. Of the Plain or Oak of Mamre. THe Plain of Mamre stood a mile from Hebron towards the East, and distant from jerusalem 22 miles South-eastward. In this yally there was a fair and pleasant wood, where a certain young man called Mamre dwelled. This man was brother to Escal and Aner, mentioned by Moses, Genes. 14. who according to the custom of gentlemen with us in these times, built up his house near to a pleasant Wood or bottom, which as some think was called after his name Mamre. Others, (of which opinion is jerom) of Aelon, which signifies a valley or tree (an Oak tree, saith he.) But joseph & Aegesippus call it a Terebinth tree, which both summer and winter beareth green leaves like a Palm tree, the sap or juice whereof is very good for medicine. Abraham dwelling near to this tree, being entertained by the three Brothers as a stranger, grew into such favour and familiarity with them, that he converted them from Paganism, and taught them to know the true and everliving God. To gratify which great favour, they aided him in his War against the four Kings that had taken Lot prisoner, and gave him free liberty to inhabit in, and use the Plain thereabouts for his : before whose door (as some Authors affirm) this Terebinth or oak tree stood, and so continued from the beginning of the world, till the time of Constantine the Great, it being lawful for none to cut a bough of it, or touch it with a hatchet, because it was in those days accounted a holy tree, and visited by diverse strangers: and then Helena caused a fair church to be built in that place; and so much the rather, for that Abraham sitting under that tree, the three Angels appeared unto him in the similitude or likeness of men, Gen. 8.1, 2. And some are of opinion, That because of this, the jews offered Incense to their gods, and committed idolatry upon high mountains and under green trees, Ezek. 16. There was also a double Cave made of white marble, which as josephus saith, was very fair and beautiful to the eye, and curiously wrought and polished; wherein Abraham, Isaac, and jacob, with their Wives Sarah, Rebecca, and Leah were buried: and as some think was that cave which he purchased of the Hittites, Gen. 23.34. But that Adam and Evah lie buried in the same place, seeing there is no warrant for it in the holy Scriptures, I let it pass; because whatsoever hath not authority of Scripture to prove it, may as easily be contemned as allowed. But Abraham's sepulchre in jeroms' time was to be seen, being old and decayed. Of Hebron. THis City was not only a King's Seat, but a Priests also, being built not long after the Flood, and some seven years before that City of the Egyptians called Zoan or Tanis, Numb. 13. and was placed upon a goodly high mountain very pleasant and delectable. It taketh the name from Chabar, which signifieth to accompany; and from thence, Chebron, or Hebron, A pleasant and delectable society. It was a metropolitan city in the tribe of juda, and after called Kiriatharba, as it appeareth in joshuah, 14. taking that name from Arba the chief Governor of that City. This man was one of the Anakims, and a very mighty Prince. Others there are that say, the city being divided into four parts was thereof called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: for Arba signifies a quaternion, from the Rote Raba four square. It was first built by Heth, the son of that cursed Canaan, whose posterity (the Hittites) inhabited in it; and such was their hospitality, that they entertained Abraham, being a stranger and traveller. These people dwelled * Here also dwelled Sisai, Abiman, and Thalmas the sons of Anak. there until joshuahs' time; and then one Hoham was King thereof, who with other Kings opposing the Children of Israel, was by them slain, and had their country wasted and destroyed. This town was after made a town of refuge, and belonged to the inheritance of Caleb, and was together with Mamre in the tribe of juda, Ios. 20. Hear David was first anointed King, and reigned therein for the space of 7 years, 2 Sam. 5. But this town by the injury of time and oppression of the enemy is now become desolate, only some few old relics are to be seen, to show there had been a town there. Nevertheless there is a town not far from it which retaineth the name, placed in a very fruitful valley called Mamre to this day. Hear while it was under the jurisdiction of the Christians, stood a Cathedral church, and a Bishops See; but the Turks have turned it into a Mosko, or one of their churches. Into this place they will not suffer any Christian to enter. The inhabitants take upon them to show unto strangers many things, as the vault or cave wherein Abraham was buried, the place where Cain killed Abel, the Well where Adam and Eva wept seven years for the death of their son; with many such like fables which are to no purpose, seeing they are not warrantable by Scripture. Some bows shoot Eastward from this place is the field of Damascus, where the red earth lieth whereof they feign man to be made. It is naturally tough, & may be wrought like wax or pitch. There is also that is white of the same kind, and this is conveyed to many places by the Saracens, and sold at dear rates. They use it either for the teering of Sepulchers, or to mingle with salves and unguents. Of Gerar. GErar is the uttermost town in the land of Canaan, and lieth between the deserts of Sur and Cades, Gen. 20. Here King Abimelech kept his court at such time as Abraham came thither; & here Isaac was born, Gen. 21. It takes the name from Gour, which signifies a Pilgrim or Traveller, and did well agree with the condition of the ancient patriarches that sometime lived there, because for the most part they were like Pilgrims and wayfaring men, Gen. 47. It lay six miles from Hebron Southwest, and from jerusalem 30, upon the territories of the tribe of juda. Of Beerazaba. BEerazaba is a town situated upon the utmost bounds of the Holy land, forty miles from jerusalem Southwestward, and is derived from Berr and Shebuah, and signifieth the Well of covenant: for Abraham having digged a Well near to this place, Abimelech King of Gerar entered into league with him, and his posterity Isaac also renewed this league in this place, as appears, Gen. 21. It is now called Gallim or Giblin by the jews. In S. Hieromes' time it was a great town. Of Moriah. Upon this Mount Abraham would have offered his son Isaac, and stood not far from Salem or mount Zion, where Melchisedech dwelled. They were so near, that Melchisedech upon the tower of Zion might easily see the Angel that spoke with Abraham, when he renewed the covenant with him concerning his seed and posterity: and is derived from Mor or Marar, which signifies bitter Myrrh, because, as Gregorius saith, the Church is ever subject to affliction, For all they that will serve God and live religiously must suffer persecution, Mat. 16. 2 Tim. 3. and jar, which signifies to fear. How Abraham may be typically apprehended. ABraham signifies The father of a multitude, from Ab, pater, a Father; Ram, excelsus, Mighty; and Hamon, multitudinis, Of a multitude. Not in regard of the jews only, but all those that in succeeding times shall be ingraffed into the Church, and partake of everlasting life through the mediation of Christ jesus the promised seed, Gal. 3. Ephes. 1. Acts 3. and is a Type and figure of God the Father; for as that Abraham was the father of many, yet had but only one son; so although God be the father of all nations, yet had but one only son, jesus Christ, begotten of his own essence from before the beginning of the world. And as Abraham so loved God, that for his sake he would not have spared his only son; so God so loved Abraham and the World, that he gave his only begotten son to die for the salvation of their souls. The Travels of Lot. Let traveled with Abraham from Vr in Chaldaea, to Haran in Mesopotamia, which is 336 miles, Gen. 12. 2 From Haran they traveled to Sichem in the land of Canaan, being 400 miles. 3 From Sichem they traveled through Morae, to the hill lying between Bethel and Hay, which is 24 miles. 4 From the hill between Bethel and Hay, they went into Egypt, which is 240 miles, Gen. 13. 5 From Egypt they went into the land of Canaan, to the hill lying between Bethel and Hay, where Abraham had dwelled before, which is 240 miles, Gen. 13. 6 From the hill between Bethel and Hay Let separated himself from Abraham, and went to the town of Sodom Eastward, which is 28 miles, Gen. 13. 7 In the town of Sodom Lot was taken prisoner, he and all his household, and led away to the town of Dan, which is 32 miles Gen. 14. 8 And when Abraham had delivered him out of the hands of his enemies, & pursued them, he returned with him from Dan to Hobam in Phoenicia, lying on the left side of Damascus, being 80 miles. 9 From Phoenicia Abraham came again with Lot to Sodom, which is 160 miles. 10 Lastly, when the Lord had determined to rain fire and brimstone on Sodom, Lot according to his commandment went thence to Zoar a little town near adjoining, where being drunk with Wine he committed incest with both his daughters; but after coming to the knowledge of his offence, he was so sore afflicted in his conscience, that with extreme grief he died. Luther saith that Abraham took him to Hebron with him to comfort him, and that there he died. Hebron is 36 miles from Sodom. So all the travels of the Patriarch Lot were 1652 miles. The Description of the Towns and places where he traveled. And first of Sodom. THe cities that were destroyed with fire and brimstone from heaven were four in number, that is, Sodom, Gomorah, Adama, and Zeboim, lying 24 miles from jerusalem South-eastward, where now the dead sea runs. The fift was the city Bela, called also Zoar, which was spared for Lot's sake, & distant from Sodom two miles. This, Let accounted but a little City; but there are that say it was a very spacious and princely place, near to which his wife for her disobedience was turned into a pillar of salt, and not far off he committed incest with his two daughters. And although Luther be of opinion, that that also within a while after was burnt, yet this cannot be certainly proved, especially because it remaineth even to this day, situated both in the ancient place, and called by the ancient name; unless some new City hath been lately built in the same place, and is now called after that name, which I cannot think to be true. Sodamah signifieth a Mystery; Gomorah, a Faggot of Thorns; Adamah, Red earth; Zeboim, Fertile and Pleasant; Zoar, The burning of Baela; for in ancient times it was called Baela. It is the received opinion, that the country wherein these five rich and opulent cities stood was called Pentapolis. Of the Lake or dead Sea, called Asphaltides. IN the very same place where these Cities were burnt and destroyed, there is at this day to be seen a Lake about 36 miles long, and in some places six, in others eight and 12 miles over. It boileth with pitch and brimstone, and in some places passeth by the name of the salt sea, and in others, the dead sea, because of the noisome and venomous air that riseth out of it, insomuch as the very birds that fly over it fall down dead, and if a beast do but drink of it mixed with water, it makes him incurably sick. It is of a wonderful nature, for whatsoever heavy thing you fling into it will not sink, but swim upon the top, be it either iron, lead, copper, or any other weighty matter. Of which Vespasian the emperor having notice, to make experience of what he had heard, made a journey of purpose to see it, and with him took certain condemned men who for their offences had deserved death; these he manacled, and where he thought it to be deepest caused them to be thrown in; but they rose up again with such violence as if some storm or tempest had sent them up. The water thereof changeth three times a day, and shineth against the sun with diverse colours, casting out fire and great cakes of pitch much resembling Bulls without heads, and of that quantity. This pitch is good for diverse things, as to calk ships, to lay upon cables, and to use in medicines; wherefore such as come to this sea and know the nature of it, have certain Skifs and instruments wherewith they draw these cakes of pitch to their ships, to which it cleaveth so fast, it being naturally tough, that being brought to land they cannot get it off again but by the help of urine. Upon the banks thereof grow trees that bear fruit of diverse kinds, as apples and such like; which are fair and pleasant to the eye, but if you either touch or open them you shall find nothing but dust. Brittenbacchus saith, In this place the Serpent Tyrus (whereof they use to make treacle) is found. It is a little serpent about half a cubit long, and a finger thick, being of diverse colours, and is so venomous, that where it biteth there is no remedy, unless by cutting off the member. The head of it is rough and hairy, and there seemeth to lie upon the tongue of it, if it be angry, a fiery flame. The same Author saith, That a little from Zoar, between this Lake and the mountains of Engedi, the pillar whereinto Lot's wife was turned, is yet to be seen shining like salt. The furthest part of this sea Northward lies 14 miles from jerusalem: toward the East the river jordan runneth into it. The travel of the two Angels that led Lot out of Sodom. THese two Angels having spoken with Abraham in the valley of Mamre near Hebron, forthwith went to Sodom some 40 miles distant from that place, where Lot having entertained them into his house, by their help was delivered, together with his wife and two daughters, from that miserable desolation of the Sodomites. Of Lots two Daughters. Let escaping this desolation, and seeing a precedent of God's judgement fallen upon his wife for her disobedience, fearing that he should not continue safe in Zoar, left that & turned aside into the wilderness, and continued there among the mountains, although the Lord had promised him safety in this town: wherefore continuing in a Cave in the Wilderness, the eldest of his daughters losing her husband in this destruction, supposing that all men had been destroyed from off the earth, counselled her sister to commit incest with her father. Lot being now oppressed with care, by reason of the former calamities, gave himself at the enticement of his daughters, to drink Wine, insomuch as with the excess he became drunk: at which time not being himself he begat by his two daughters two sons: the eldest had a son whom she called Moab, which signifies The begotten of his Father; whereby the impudency of this woman is laid open to the World, in that she was not ashamed of her sin. Of him came the Moabites, and dwelled upon the North side of the lake Asphaltides, some 32 miles from jerusalem. The youngest daughter had a son, which she called Ben-ammy, that is, The son of my people; for although she bore him with great shame, yet she dwelled among the people of God. Of him came the Ammonites that dwelled beyond mount Gilead, threescore miles from jerusalem Northeastward. Of the four Kings that took LOT prisoner. THe first of them was called Amraphel King of Shinear or Babylon, the son of Ninus and Semiramis, as some think, and is called sometime by the name of Berosus, sometime Ninus. He kept his court at Babylon in Chaldea, which is 680 miles from jerusalem Eastward. This Ninus is called Amraphel, because of the notable victories that he won, and the number of countries and provinces he conquered. The second was Arioch or Arius his son. He was thus called because of his courage and cruelty in war; for Arioch signifies A mighty roaring Lion; Arius, Mars. This man during the life of his father was created king of Lassir, that is, Assiria, for so it is called in the Chaldaean tongue; the chief city whereof is Nineveh, and lies from jerusalem Northeastward six hundred eighty four miles. The third was Keder-laomer King of the Elamites in Persia, 1200 miles from jerusalem toward the East. This Prince had a great command in that country. Keder signifies an Ornament or Crown; Laomer, Well deserving. The fourth was Thideall King of the Nations. He kept his court in Damascus, the Metropolis of Assyria, some 160 miles from jerusalem Northward. Thideal signifieth An exalted Lord; of Alah, that is, To be lifted up. These four kings were confederates, and bend their expedition principally against Astaroth and Kiriathaim, which they took, and spoilt all the Country round about with fire and sword: and their Armies being retired from the spoil, met in the valley of Siddim (where now the dead Sea runneth) and there pitched their tents. In this place after a cruel and sharp war, they conquered the five Kings of that beautiful and pleasant soil of Pentapolis, (for so it was called because of those five cities that were in it) where among others they took Lot captive with all his substance. Of Astoroth. AStoroth seems to be the city of Venus, because the citizens thereof worshipped her: for Astoroth is a goddess of the Sidonians, and is compounded of Ash, which signifies a company of stars, and Tor, placed in order. The Syrians call Venus Ashtoroth. This town lay in the land of Gilead, and belonged to the half tribe of Manasse beyond jordan, 56 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. In this city the four Kings of the East conquered the giants of Karnaim, that were mighty princes and commanders there, when they made war against that and Kiriathaim. Not far from hence also in the land of Ham there dwelled certain Giants called Zusim, of Zus and Hamah, which signifies to stir up commotion. These were very great strong and stately people, and had the command of all the Countries thereabouts, which they held in great fear, and were conquered by the four Kings. Of Kiriathaim. KIriathaim was a City in the tribe of Reubin beyond Iorden, Ios. 13. 22 miles from jerusalem toward the East, and so called because it was divided into many parts and divisions. The heathens corruptly call it Carthage. The Hebrews derive it from Kiriath, which signifies a city, and Emah, Terror. Here dwelled the Emims, a grave and fearful people; for so their name signifies. Of Hazezon Thamar. THis City took the name from a Palm tree, or a Palm bank. Of this kind of wood the Israelites made their arrows, and therefore derive it from Charar, which signifieth to shoot; and Thamar, a Palm Tree. This City standeth upon the bank of the dead sea, twenty miles from jerusalem North-East, upon a very fruitful soil, where was found plenty of Palm trees and precious balsam: and by some called Engedi, or the Lambs Well; being derived from Ein and Gedi, which signifieth Fontem haeduli lactantis, that is, The Well of a sucking lamb or goat. Not far from hence stood the Cave where David cut off the outward lap of King saul's garment, 1 Sam. 24. Of the plentiful valley Siddim. THis valley stood there where now the dead sea runneth, and took that name from the fertility of the soil, and seems to have some affinity with the Hebrew word saddle, which signifies a field, partly arable, partly pasture and meadow, furnished with trees, herbs, and orchards. In this place stood diverse Wells of Bitume, from whence the inhabitants fetched cement to build their houses with; but after for their wickedness (which was so great, as it appeareth in Gen. 18. that the cry thereof ascended into heaven) the Lord did grievously punish them, first with war, by which the inhabitants were destroyed: and after that, with fire and brimstone from heaven; so that (as is aforesaid) this goodly valley is nothing but a stinking lake. The Travels of the Egyptian maid Hagar. AFter Sara had preferred Hagar to that high grace as to make her equal with herself, she growing proud thereof, contemned her Mistress, and in recompense of that favour carried herself very presumptuously towards her; which Sarah seeking to restrain, offered to her son hard measure; which Abraham (upon her complaint) winked at: Whereupon Hagar, partly oppressed with grief, partly with envy, privily stole away from her mistress, and went from the valley of Mamre near Hebron, to the Well of life sixteen miles Southward, Genesis 16. and it is to be thought that her journey tended towards Egypt, which was her native country. For this Well lay directly in the way as they went down into Egypt. This flight of Hagar without doubt did greatly trouble Abraham's house, and put him and his wife into a great sorrow and fear, lest she should destroy herself and the infant, or fall into some other danger. Wherefore that God might make evident the exceeding care he had of them, he sent an angel unto Hagar, and willed her to return unto her master: which Angel some think was the son of God, for he was called by the name of jehovah, Gen. 16. which name was not communicated to any created Angel. Whereupon Hagar, according to his commadement, went back again to her mistress Sarah into the valley of Mamre, 16 miles, Gen. 16. From Hebron Hagar went with her mistress to that kingly city Gerar, 6 miles, Gen. 20. At Gerar she and her son Ishmael were put out of her master's house, and going in the way that leadeth into Egypt, they lost themselves in the wilderness of Beersaba, after they had traveled 12 miles from Gerar: where oppressed with want both of water and other necessaries, she feinted and her son also; wherefore she laid him under a tree, and about a bows shoot off sat down and wept, expecting nothing but death. As she was in this misery, God heard the voice of the child, and sent an Angel unto her saying, Fear not, for I will make of thy child a great Nation. And God opened her eyes, and lo, close by her there was a Well, so she went and filled her bottle, and gave her boy drink. At this time Ishmael was 15 years of age; So God blessed the child, and he became an Archer, and lived in the wilderness. From thence she and her son went into the wilderness of Pharan, 80 miles, where Ishmael married an Egyptian, Gen. 21. So all the travels of Hagar the Egyptian maid were 132 miles. Of the Fountain of Hagar, which is also called the Well of Life. THis Welford lieth between Bared and Kades-Bernea, 10 miles from jerusalem towards the South. Some call it the Well of the Living and Seeing, because God did there look mercifully upon Hagar when she fled from her mistress. Here Isaac dwelled and had his two sons Esau and jacob, Genesis 26. Afterwards it was called the Well of the living God, and seemeth mystically to represent Baptism, the lavor of grace and regeneration by the operation and special working of the Spirit: for the Church (like Hagar with her son Ishmael) travelling through the wilderness of this world, is pressed with a multitude of sins; and seeing her own misery, finds no remedy but by faith in Christ jesus, to be delivered from so heavy a burden: wherefore they joining together in prayer, crave the merciful audience and gracious assistance of God, That it would please him of his goodness to refresh them with the water of life, the doctrine of grace, that so they may be made capable of eternal glory. For Hagar signifies a Pilgrim, and Ishmael, a godly and good man whom the Lord heareth: Who travelling together with his mother the Church in this world, fighteth against the enemies thereof, and shooteth the arrows of faith against all infernal and cruel beasts. For Schamah signifies, He hath heard; and El, The almighty God, who mercifully heareth the fervent prayers and petitions of the Just; according to that of S. james, cap. 5.15. Ishmael was born An. mundi 2035. Abraham being then 86 years of age. He was circumcised at 13, he went from his father at 15; he was at Abraham's funeral being 89 years of age: he died when he was 137 years of age, fifty years after the death of Abraham, and left behind him twelve sons as jacob did, which were the Princes of their families, as was his. Of which the Apostle Paul hath an excellent Allegory; Abraham had two sons, one by the bondwoman, another by the freewoman: he that was of the bond woman was according to the flesh, but he that was of the free woman was by promise. By which things another thing is meant; for the one, which is Agar of mount Sinai, gendereth unto bondage: for Agar or Sinai is a mountain in Arabia, and answereth to jerusalem that now is; and she is in bondage with her Children: but jerusalem which is above is free, for it is written, Rejoice thou Barren, etc. Wherefore we are no more of the bond woman (which is the Law) but of the Free, not by our own works or righteousness, but by fairh in Christ, who maketh us heirs of that heavenly jerusalem. Where Ishmael dwelled. PAran a city of Arabia the Stony, stood 104 miles from jerusalem Southward, and taketh the name from fertility; for Purah with the Hebrews signifies a fruitful root. From this Metropolitan town, the desert of Arabia the stony near Cades taketh name: of which mention is made, Num. 13 & 14. Deut. 1. Gen. 14.21. Abac. 3. and is called the desert of Pharan. Here Ishmael that excellent Archer and hunter dwelled, after with great power and strength he had conquered all the neighbouring princes and people thereabout. His posterity also inhabited these parts, and after his name were called Ismaelites, some eighty miles from jerusalem toward the South. These people were excellent soldiers, and of noble courage; their principal delight was shooting, and therein they exceeded others; living for the most part by hunting and pillage, and so they continue to this day. The Saracens who likewise had their abiding in those parts were derived from that family, though they had rather take their name from Sara, and from thence Saracens: These are of the opinion of the Turks. The Travels of Eleazar the servant of Abraham. AFter Eleazar had sworn to his master to take a wife for his son Isaac of the generation of his fathers, he went from the valley of Mamre near Hebron, to Haran a City of Mesopotamia, 468 miles off, and there made a Contract with Rebecc● the daughter of Bethuel, and sister of Laban, whom he took along with him and returned to his master. So that his journey to and again was 944 miles. These things happened in the year of the world 2089, and before Christ 1879, Isaac then being forty years of age. This Eleazar was Steward of Abraham's house, and borne at Damascus the chief City of Syria. He was so called, because God was his help: Eleazar being a compound word of El and Ezaer, which signifies Almighty God the helper. From whence we may perceive that God is the keeper of the poor, and a ready helper in time of tribulation; according to that in the Psalms, All they that know thee trust in thee; because thou, O Lord, hearest their prayers, and bringest them out of trouble. Rebeccha, as it should seem, took her name from the expectation of Eternal life▪ for Rebechan in Hebrew doth denote such a woman, which expecteth a free delivery from all calamity, and an inheritance of eternal life. Therefore Rebeccha is a notable type of the Church of God, which is the Spouse of Christ, shadowed in Isaac; as shall hereafter be more plainly manifested. The Travels of the Patriarch Isaac. ISaac being young, went with his father Abraham from Berzeba to mount Moriah, where his father would have offered him unto God, as the Lord commanded him, which is forty miles, Gens. 22. 2 From thence with his father he returned again to Berzeba, which is forty miles. 3 From Berzeba he traveled with his father to Hebron, by the plain of Mamre, which is 16 miles. 4 From the plain of Mamre Isaac traveled Southward, to the fountain of life, which is 16 miles, & there he dwelled, Gen. 24. 5 From thence he returned back again to his father's burial, who was laid in that double cave in Mamre, which is 16 miles. 6 From thence he returned back again to the Well of life, where he dwelled; 16 miles. 7 From the Fountain of life, he went to Gerar, which is 8 miles; where Abimelech seeing the beauty of his wife Rebeccha, would have ravished her, and for fear she told him that she was his sister, Gen. 26. 8 From Gerar Isaac went Westward to the valley of Gerar which is 8 miles, and there he caused the Well to be digged up again, which the inhabitants had stopped up, Gen. 26. 9 From thence he went to Beersaba, which is four miles; where the same night the Lord appeared unto him, and said, I am the God of thy father Abraham, fear not, for I am with thee and will bless and multiply thy seed for my servant Abraham's sake, Gen. 26. 10 From Beersaba he returned again to Hebron by the plain of Mamre, which is 16 miles: here Abraham, Sarah, and Rebeccha, died, and were buried, Gen. 35. So all the travels of the Patriarch Isaac, were one hundred forty eight miles. The typical signification of Isaac. THe name of Isaac is derived from laughter: for Zakah in Hebrew is as much as quod risit is in Latin, which signifieth that he laughed; and from hence Zechock signifies a Laughter, and Isaac, mirth, or one that rejoiceth with mirth. This name was given to him by God before his nativity, Gen. 17.18. There were seven that were named by God before their nativity, viz. Ishmael Gen. 16. Isaac, Gen. 17. Cores or Cyrus King of the Persians, Esa 44. Samson, judg. 13. josia King of juda, 1. Kings 13. john Baptist, and jesus Christ the son of God, Luke 1. of whom Isaae was a notable type. For Christ is our true rejoicing, the laughter, mirth, and delight of the whole Church of God. Abraham upon the day of the nativity of Isaac made a great feast, to which, no doubt, he called many godly men, and perhaps some of the Patriarches: for there was then living Sarag, Arphaxad, Salah, Heber, Thamar, and Sem, the son of Noah, who also had a certain knowledge of God's promise to Abraham, and that of the seed of Isaac should come the Saviour of the world. And as Abraham when he would have offered his son unto the Lord, carried the fire and the sword; but Isaac the wood upon which he should be slain and burned (O miserable sight, especially to a father, to see his only son and heir, which was miraculously begotten, even then when he was without hope of issue, burnt to ashes before his face? this was on mount Moria● a little from Salem or jerusalem) even so our Saviour Christ, fo● the sins that man commits and carries about him, bore upon his shoulders the wooden cross whereupon he was offered an● acceptable sacrifice to his father, that so by his mediation and satisfaction we might receive pardon for them: And this was likewise done upon mount Caluarie, a little from jerusalem. And as the Lord provided another sacrifice for Abraham, that so he might save his son, which was, a Ram tied and entangled in thorns: so God provided a sacrifice for the salvation of the world even jesus Christ our mediator, who is that immaculate and precious Lamb of God; whose head being crowned with thorns, and hanging upon the cross, by his precious death opened unto us the door of eternal life, and made us capable of everlasting happiness, john 19 1 Peter 1. Such was the love of Abraham, a father unto God; such the love of God, a father unto man: that they spared not their only sons, the one typically to represent the other. The other, that is, the only begotten son of God, to dye effectually for Abraham, Isaac, and all mankind, joh. 3. Gen. 22. The Travels of the Patriarch jacob. FRom Beersaba jacob went to Bethel, which is 48 miles and there he saw a Ladder that reached down from heaven, whereby the Angels ascended and descended Genes. 28. 2 From Bethel he went to Haran in Mesopotamia, which is 432 miles; where he married Leah and Raehel, Gen. 28. 3 From Haran in Mesopotamia he went to mount Gilead, which is 380 miles: and when Laban pursued him (at the commandment of the Lord) he made a league with him, Gen. 31. 4 From mount Gilead he went to Mahanaim, which is 16 miles, and there he met with the Angels of God, Gen. 31. 5 From Mahanaim he passed the water and went to Penuel, which is four miles, and there wrestled with the Angel of God, Gen. 32. 6 From Penuel he went to Succoth, where he pitched his Tents, 2 miles, Gen. 33. 7 From Succoth he passed the river of jordan, and went to Sichem, not far from Salem (about eight miles) where his daughter Dinah was ravished, Gen. 33. 8 From thence he went to Bethel, which is eight and twenty miles, Gen. 31. 9 From Bethel he went to Bethlehem Euphrata, which is twelve miles; in which way Rachel died, and was buried not fare from Bethlehem; then jacob went forward, and set up his Tents near to the Tower of Eder, a mile from Bethlehem towards the South, Gen. 35. 10 From Bethlehem Euphrata and the Tower of Eder, he returned again to the valley of Mamre near Hebron, to his father Isaac, which is 20 miles, Gen. 35. 11 From Hebron he went to Beersaba, which is 16 miles, Gen. 38. 12 From Beersaba, he went to the Town of Only a little off Egypt in the land of Gossen, which is 168 miles, where joseph his son gave him honourable entertainment, Gen. 46. 13 From he went to the city * This was the chief City of Egypt. Zoan, which is also called Tanis, 28 miles, where he was presented to K. Pharaoh, Gen. 47. 14 From Tanis he returned to , which is 28 miles, and there he dwelled and died in the land of Gossen, Gen. 49. The Description of the Towns and places to which jacob traveled. Of Bethel. BEthel was a Town in the Tribe of Benjamin, eight miles from jerusalem toward the North, and signifies The house of God. In times past it was called Luz: but jacob seeing in that place the vision of the Ladder, with the Angels ascending and descending upon it, and because there the Lord renewed the covenant with him concerning his seed, and the coming of Christ; he therefore called it Bethel. Afterward, jeroboam having unlawfully usurped the kingdom of Rehoboham, caused a calf to be set up there: for which cause it was then called Bethaven, which signifieth the house of sin and abominable offence. Vatablus is of opinion, that there are two Bethels, one in the tribe of Benjamin, the other in the tribe of Ephraim, both not far from Hay: but if this should be granted, than these two towns should stand within two miles one of the other, which seemeth very absurd; therefore I dare boldly affirm, that there was but one Bethel, which stood upon the borders of Benjamin and Ephraim, both tribes bordering upon the South side of the town of Luz, Iosh. 16. & 18. This town of Bethel was at first in the Suburbs of Lue, until the division of the tribes; for then both these Tribes of Ephraim and Benjamin, ending in that place, so much increased this town, that they became both one city, and so were called Bethel, je. 28. & 35. Iosh. 7. & 18. From hence there is a twofold mystery to be apprehended: the first, of jacob, whose sleeping in this place upon a stone, caused this City or Town to be built, and to retain the name of Bethel, that is, The house of God. So whosoever seeks to have eternal life, must rest upon that corner stone Christ jesus, the son of the everliving God, and by faith be incorporated into the Church, which is the house of God, of which Christ (the Anointed of the Lord) is both King and Priest for ever. Secondly, as jacob resting upon this corner stone, saw the Angels ascending and descending from heaven unto earth; so by this incorporation into the body of the Church (of which Christ is the head) by Faith and Baptism, our souls are made capable to ascend into that heavenly Tabernacle, which he hath prepared for all those that believe: according to that in john 14. I am the way, the truth, and the life, no man cometh unto the father but by me only. And whosoever is assured of this ladder (that reacheth from heaven unto earth) may well say with jacob, surely the Lord jesus Christ is in this place; here is nothing but the house of God, and here is the gate of heaven; as Christ himself testifieth in the tenth of john, I am the door, and whosoever entereth not by me, etc. So that Christ is the head of his Church, the ladder that ascendeth into heaven, and the door whereby we may enter into eternal life. Of Gilead. THis land of Gilead was a country that lay between jordan and the mountain of Gilead, or rather between the sea of Galilee and the mount Gilead, sixty miles from jerusalem towards the Southeast: for the mountains of Gilead, beginning at mount Gilead, extended thence unto Arabia the stony, and separated the country of Israel beyond jordan, from the country of the Amonites. But that part which lieth between the Sea of Galilee and Ammon, is properly called Gilead; for when jacob and Laban made a covenant either with other, in the mount Gilead, they gathered a heap of stones, and making a banquet eat together upon it, Gen. 13. and from thence, that mountain and all the country thereabouts took the name, For Laban in the Syrian tongue is called JEGAR SAHADUTA, the heap of covenant. But jacob in the Hebrew language called that mountain together with all the Country thereabouts, Galeed or Galaad; the heap of testimony: for Gal signifieth a heap or grave, and Galal, He rolled, or he thrust into a round heap. From whence the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, to roll, and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, a circle, is derived: Also Edah signifies testomonie with the Hebrews, being derived from Id which signifies testaetus est, that is, he beareth witness; and from hence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 amongst the Grecians is derived, which signifieth, a witness. This land of Gilead was very fertile and pleasant, being adorned with many Castles and strong Cities: And in this country the Prophet Eliah was taken up into heaven in a fiery Chariot, 1 Reg. 17.2 Reg. 2. The Grecians call this, Decapolin, from ten cities that are strongly built in that country, Marc. 7. Of Machanaim. MAchanaim was a City of the Levites in the Tribe of Gad, near to the flood of jordan and jaboch, forty four miles from jerusalem toward the Southeast, and situate in the land of Gilead beyond jordan; being so called of the Patriarch jacob, because there he saw the Tents and Army of Angels, which he understood to be his assistants against his brother Esau, whom he feared, Genesis 31. For Chana signifieth Castrametatus est, that is, the Tents are measured out▪ from whence Machanaim is the proper name of a place, being derived from two Tents of Angels which appeared to jacob, That they might defend him in his journey; For the Angels of God compasseth them about that fear him, Psal. 33. and therefore jacob with great joy broke out and said, The tents of God are here, and called it Machanaim. This was assigned to the Levits, Iosh. 21. and here David was received when he fled from his son Absalon, 2 Sam. 17. Here jacob wrestles with the Angel, Gen. 32. Of Pnuel or Penuel. THis Town was upon the East side of jordan, close by the mouth of the river jaboch, in the tribe of Gad▪ forty miles from jerusalem towards the Southeast; and is derived from Panah and El, which signifies, He beheld the Almighty God face to face, and for that cause he called it Penuel or Pnuel, which is, the face of God, Gen. 32. The Tower of this Town was destroyed in gedeon's time, judg. 8. Of Succoth. THis is a town beyond jordan, not fare from Penuel, in the tribe of Gad, 40 miles from jerusalem towards the Southeast. Here jacob set up his tabernacles and continued for a while; from whence it borrows the name. For Sachach, signifies A covering, and from thence it is called Succha, and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Greeks, which signifies, A shield, covering, defence, or tabernacle: Of this town there is mention in Iosh. 13.2 Chr. 4. Gedeon caused the Citizens of this town of Succoth to be torn to pieces with thorns, judg. 8. Of Salem. SAlem is a town of the Sichamites, lying towards the East side of the river jordan, and in the midst of the tribe of Manasses, forty miles from jerusalem towards the North, not fare from Sichem, where Dinah, jocobs' daughter was ravished, Gen. 33. & 34. in Aenon near to this place john Baptist baptised, and signifies, A City of Peace and integrity. Of Bethlem Euphrata. THis town was distant from jerusalem towards the South, six miles; it was situated in a pleasant and fruitful country, and from thence took the name: for Bethlachem, is called The house of bread; Euphrata signifies, fruitful, being derived from Parah, that is, to fructify; and Baith signifieth a house, from the affinity that it hath to Banah, that is, to build: so that Baithlaechem doth denote unto us The house of bread, and other fruits and meats that are fit to be eaten. Here was Christ the son of God borne, that bread of life, of which whosoever eateth shall live eternally, Io. 6. And here David was the second time anointed King, 1 Sam. 16. Of this town you may read more in the second of Luke. Of Rachel's grave. ABout a mile from Bethlem towards the North, Rachel the wife of jacob was buried, over whom he set a stately sepulchre made of twelve marble stones, or Pyramids: these stones are seen to this day upon the right hand of the way, as you go from Bethlem to jerusalem: and from thence all the land thereabouts is called the land of Rachel. For when Herod killed the innocent children, all the inhabitants thereabouts wept, and would not be comforted, Matth. 2. jerem. 31 Of the Town of Aeder. THis was a watch Tower of the Bethlamites, about a mile from Bethlem towards the South, and was so called from the flocks of Sheep that resorted thither: for Migdal signifies a Tower, and Aeder a flock or heard: for thereabouts were very fertile pastures. Here the Angels told the shepherds of the nativity of Christ, lying at Bethlem in a manger: and in the place of that tower there was a Church built, which in jeroms' time was called Angelus ad pastors, because the Angels there appeared to the shepherds. Here jacob dwelled for a time, and in this place Reuben lay with Billah his wife, Gen. 36. Of Gosen and Ony. GOsen was a very delectable and fruitful country in the land of Egypt, the Metropolitan whereof was , two hundred miles from jerusalem towards the South-west: in this City jacob dwelled. The typical signification of the Patriarch jacob. IAcob signifies, a supplanter, and was a type of Christ, who is that supplanter of Satan, and by his death hath broken his head in pieces. Again, he is the type of a Christian man: For as he wrestling with the Angel, obtained a blessing; so every good man continually striving with perseverance in prayer, shall at length obtain an everlasting blessing: for, for this cause was jacob called Israel, that is, the Prince of God, in that he prevailed with God: so all those that believe in Christ, are called Princes of the kingdom of heaven: because by his mediation they have prevailed with God, and are made partakers of eternal life. jacob had two wives, Leah and Rachel; Leah signifies, wearied, and was a type of the old Mosaical Church: for that was oppressed and wearied with the laws of Moses, and brought forth Priests, Levites, Kings, and warlike Princes, by which the people of the jews became oppressed and wearied by extreme labours, and at length were miserably extinguished: for as it is in the 15 of the Acts of the Apostles, The law of Moses was an intolerable and troublesome burden. But Rachel signifies a Sheep, and is a type and sign of the Church of God in the New Testament, as Christ himself speaketh in the tenth of john, My sheep hear my voice and follow me, and I will give them eternal life. Sheep are naturally patiented and peaceable; so all such as are of Christ's Church, seek after patience and peace. Leah was nothing so fair, but much more fruitful: Rachel was nothing so fruitful, but a great deal fairer. Leah was the mother of Benjamin which signifieth sorrow: Rachel of joseph, who was a type of Christ. Of the Travels of Esau. ESau traveled from mount Sire in Mesopotamia, to the town of Pnuell or Penuell, eighty miles to meet his brother jacob: where the singular civility and humility of jacob towards him, is worthy observation. For he first sent to meet him, than he did him obedience to the ground seven several times, and so saluted him, saying, Lo, these are the children which God of his grace have giving his servant. From whence it may be gathered, That it becometh every man (if it be possible) to win his enemy to peace and concord rather by humanity and humility, than by force: for Esau seeing this kind of reverence, though before he had a full determination to do him violence, yet now he comes to meet him, embraces him, takes him about the neck, begins to weep, and kisses him, yea such was their love, that they both wept with joy, Gen. 35. After, Esau returning, went home to Sire back again, eighty miles: these things happened in the year of the World 2206; when both brethren were about 89 years of age, and in the year before Christ 1762. Of mount Sire. MOunt Sire where Esau and his posterity dwelled, is forty miles from jerusalem towards the South, and was so called of Sire, the King or Lord thereof, of whom came the Horrites; who being driven thence by the fourteen sons of Esau, into Arabia the stony, where they continued, Gen. 36. It was called Edom of Esau, and then, Idumaea, Gen. 25. and the inhabitants thereof Edomites, or Idumaeans. The typical meaning of Esau. ESau signifies a Factor, and was so called from redness: The enemies of the church colouring themselves red with the blood of the godly: For as Rebecca had in her womb two sons, that is, Esau and jacob; one elected, the other reprobated: so in the Church there are found two sorts of people, good and evil; some are wicked and impious, contemners of God's word, and persecuters of the Church; as after, the posterity of Esau was. But there are others that are the faithful children of God, that hope through the mediation of our blessed Saviour, to be made heirs of everlasting happiness, and be crowned with him in his kingdom with the crown of Glory. So that here the saying of our Saviour may be verified; the first shall be last, and the last shall be first. for Esau was the eldest, yet lost his birthwrite; and jacob was the youngest, yet got the blessing. Of the Travels of the Patriarch juda. IVda traveled from Sichem, where jacob dwelled, and went to the town of Odulla, some forty and four miles, where he was married to the daughter of one Chananei whose name was Schuah which signinifies, A happy Saviour, by her he had two children in that place, viz. Gerard and Onan. From thence he went to Timnah to shear his sheep, six miles: and as he turned aside out of the way, he committed incest with his daughter in law, Thamer, when she was about 26 years of age. Afterward he went twice with his brethren into Egypt, to buy corn at Zoan, where joseph at that time was; for the famine was very great round about. So that reckoning his journey twice two and again, it amounted to eight hundred twenty and two miles; for Zoan was 208 miles from Hebron where jacob and his sons dwelled. Lastly, he returned again with his father and his brother into Egypt, two hundred and eight miles. These things happened in the year of the world 1239. and before Christ 1729. The description of the Towns and places to which the Patriarch juda traveled. Of Odullam. THis was a town in the tribe of juda, eight miles from jerusalem towards the South-west, and signifies The testimony of the poor: being derived of Ed, which signifies a testimony, and Dallimo, such as are called poor. Here David hide himself from the fury of Saul in a cave, 1 Sam. 22. jerom knew this town, and saith that it was a village. This was a type of the faithful, who being still subject to the calamities and miseries of this world, and persecuted for righteousness sake, are glad with David to seek holes and caves to defend them from their wicked persecuters. Of Thimnah. THimnah is a City in the borders of the Tribe of judah, and Dan, situated in mount Ephraim, six miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest, and signifieth a perfect and fully finished City; being derived from Thamam, that is, fully and absolutely finished; for it was adorned with many very fair and spacious buildings, set up by josuah: for in his time it was a fair and large City, and at such time as the children of Israel invaded Canaan, he had much ado to win it: Therefore the children of Israel for his great valour, and to manifest their thankfulness towards him, they gave it to him and to his posterity for ever; and here he lieth bured, josuah 24. Here Samson married his wife, and by the way killed the Lion, mentioned in the 14 of judges. This is ● type of the Church, wherein Christ jesus the true josuah is the head, illuminating the same by the bright shining beams of his Gospel, the lustre whereof hath gone throughout the whole World. Of the Travels of the Patriarch joseph. WHen joseph was sent from Hebron by his father jacob, he went to Sichem to seek his brothers, 60 miles, Gen. 37. 2 From thence he went to Dothan, four miles, where by his brothers he was thrown into a Pit, and after sold to the Ishmalites, Gen. 37. 3 From Dothan he was carried to Tanis in Egypt, and there sold to Potipher, Pharaohs chief steward, 272 miles. 4 From Tanis he went to meet his father in the land of Gosen, which is 28 miles, Gen. 46. 5 From thence he turned back again to Tanis, and presented his father and brethren unto Pharaoh, Gen. 47. which is 28 miles. 6 From thence he went back to to see his father, who now was sick unto the death, there receiving his blessing, he closed his eyes, which was 28 miles. 7 From thence he returned back again to Tanis, which is 28 miles. 8 From Tanis he went back to , with a great company of horses and chariots, preparing an honourable funeral for his father, Gen. 15. being 28 miles. 9 From he went to Atad which lies upon the further side of jordan toward the East; which is 240 miles, where he made a great lamentation for the death of his father 7 days, Gen. 50. The reason why joseph went thus far about, was, because he went with such a company towards Hebron, that the Idumaeans, through whose country he should have gone, would not suffer him to pass that way, standing in fear of his power. 10 From Atad he went to Hebron the Metropolis of the tribe of judah, near to which stood the double cave in the veil of Mamre, where jacob was buried, which was 40 miles, Gen. 50. 11 From thence to Heliopolis, a city of the Egyptians, where joseph set up a stately Academy for all Egypt, which was accounted 200 miles. 12 From thence he went to Tanis or Zoan, which was the chief defence and Metropolitan city of all Egypt, being accounted 6 miles. So all the Travels of the Patriarch joseph was 1962 miles. A description of the places and cities through which joseph traveled. Of Dothan. DOthan was a City in the tribe of Manasseth, forty and four miles from jerusalem towards the North, & distant six miles from Tiberias towards the West, and signifies A commandment, being derived from Dothor Dathath, that is, he commandeth or ordaineth. Here joseph was thrust into an empty ditch, and sold to the Ismaelites, Gen. 37. Here Elias the Prophet being besieged by the Syrians, showed to his servant the host of Angels that defended him with the Chariots of fire, etc. 2 Kings 16. Here Holiphernes was slain, who had pitched his tents against Bethulia: for Dothan is a City which at this day remaineth at the foot of the Mount of Bethuell, being situated in a fertile and pleasant place, compassed about with fair vines, olives, and pleasant meadows, where the inhabitants do show that ancient ditch wherein joseph was cast, when his brothers sold him to the Ishmaelites, according to that of Solomon, One generation passeth, and another cometh, but the earth endureth for ever. Of Heliopolis, or the City of the Sun. THis City is called by the Prophet Esay Ca 19 Irheri, which signifies The City of the Sun, and is derived of Ir and Cheres which signifies The brightness of the Sun, and is distant from jerusalem 224 miles towards the South-west, six miles and a half from Zoan or Tanis. This was a goodly City, and in times past the Kings of Egypt have in that place kept their Courts and places of residence. Here was a flourishing Academy, wherein was taught Astronomy, cosmography, and many other liberal arts and sciences, with great care and diligence, but principally divinity (as Munster saith) being adorned with many benefits and privileges: for it was thought that the Patriarch joseph was the first founder of it, and taught there, Gen. 47. Here dwelled Dionysius the Areopagit, a student of Athens, who at such time as our Saviour Christ was crucified, at noon day (the Moon then being in the full) seeing the Sun totally darkened, said to this master Apollophan, Either the God of nature suffereth, or the fabric of the world is dissolved. The said Dionysius was afterward converted by the Apostle Paul, in the city of Athens. Of Goraen Atad. THis town or corn floor was beyond jordan, not far from Bethabara, 16 miles from jerusalem towards the Southeast, (Here joseph and the rest of the Egyptians, bewailed the death of jacob) and took the name from thorns and briers that compassed it every where about. The interpretation or allegory of the Patriarch joseph, and of his life. IOseph was a type of Christ diverse ways: for as josephs' coat being of diverse colours, was dipped in the blood of Goats, so Christ being very God, taking upon him the humane nature, and sprinkled with the blood of his stripes and wounds (being the lamb of God slain for the sins of the world) was also made changeable and of diverse colours. Again, as joseph was sent by jacob to seek his brethren: so Christ was sent by God his father to seek the lost sheep of Israel, which according to the flesh, were his brethren, Mat. 15. And as the brethren of joseph were so great enemies to him, that it was not possible for them to dissemble their hatred towards him, but that both in words and deeds, they must needs express their bitterness, (envy being the common companion of virtue) so the jews, the brethrens of Christ, to whom the knees of all things both in heaven, in hell, and in earth bow, persecuting him with taunts, mocks, and stripes, yea, unto death, because he professed himself to be a good man, and the son of the everliving God. And as the Ismalites and Midianites, to whom joseph was sold by judah, was of the stock of joseph, the one being derived from Ishmael the son of Abraham by his maid Hagar, the other of Midian the son of his second wife Keturah: So Christ was sold by judas his disciple, to the jews his kindred according to the flesh, if you respect the nation. The difference was in the price; joseph the type being sold but for twenty pieces of silver, Christ the substance sold at thirty. The end of the book of Genesis. Of the Travels of the Prophet Moses, and the children of Israel out of Egypt. IN the year of the world, 2412, and before Christ, 1554, Moses (being then about forty years old) fled out of Egypt into the land of Midian, 180 miles, where he married Ziporah, the daughter of Rivel, Exod. 3. 2 From thence he went to Mount Sinai or Horeb, 64 miles, Exod. 3.7. 3 From mount Horeb, he returned to Midian to his brother, 65 miles, Ex. 4. 4 From Midian he went to Thanis in Egypt, 180 miles Ex. 12.13. 5 From thence he went with the children of Israel to Raemses, 48 miles, Ex. 12. 6 From Raemses, he went to Succoth, 8 miles, Ex. 13. Num. 3● 7 From Succoth he went to the wilderness of Etham, eigh● miles. 8 From Etham he came to Hahiroth, which lieth right against Baalzephon, 16 miles, Num. 3. 9 From Hahiroth, they passed through the middle of the red sea, and traveled three days through the wilderness of Etham resting themselves at Morah, which is 40 miles: There Mose● threw a piece of wood into the water being bitter, and presently it became sweet as soon as the wood was thrown in. Exod. 15. Num. 33. 10 From Marah he went to Elim, where there stood 12 wells of water, and 70 palm trees, which is 8 miles, Ex. 16. Nu. 33. 11 From Elim they went toward the South, 6 miles, and rested themselves by the red sea, Num. 33. 12 From the red sea they went to the wilderness of Zin, where it reigned Manna from heaven, which is 16 miles, Num. 32. 13 From the wilderness of Zin they went to Daphca, which is 12 miles, Num. 33. 14 From Daphca they went to Alus, which is twelve miles, Num. 33- 15 From Alus they went to Raphidim, being 8 miles: there Moses struck the rock, and presently water issued forth, Ex. 27. 16 From Raphidim they went to mount Sina, which is eight miles: there God gave the Commandments, Ex. 19 & 20. 17 From Sina they went to the Graves of Concupiscence, because there the children of Israel murmured against God for flesh, & lo it reigned Quails into the camp: which is 8 miles, Nu. 11 18 From the Graves of Concupiscence they went to Hazeroth, which is 8 miles, there Miriam (Moses sister) was struck with leprosy, Num. 12. 19 From thence they went to Rithma, which is eight miles, Num. 33. 20 From Rithma they went to Rimon-Parets, which is six miles, Num. 33. 21 From Rimon-Parets they went to Libanon, which is six miles. 22 From Libanon they went to Rissa, which is 6 miles, Nu. 33 23 From Rissa they went to Kehelatha, 6 miles, Num. 33. 24 From Kehelatha they went to the hill of Sephar, which is 4 miles. 25 From the hill of Sephar they went to Harada, four miles and a half, Num. 33. 26 From Harada they went to Maceheloth, 4 miles, Nu. 33. 27 From Maceheloth they went to Thahath, 4 miles, Nu. 33. 28 From Thahath they went to Thara, 4 miles, Nu. 33. 29 From Thara they went to Mithka, 4 miles, Num. 33. 30 From Mithka they went to Casmona, 8 miles, Nu. 33. 31 From Casmona they went to Moseroth, 32 miles, Nu. 33 32 From Moseroth they went to Bneiaëcon, 24 miles. 33 From Bneiaëcon they went to mount Gidgad, twenty miles. 34 From mount Gidgad they went to jotbatha, 24 miles, Num. 33. 35 From jotbotha they went to Ebrona, 20 miles, Nu. 33. 36 From Ebrona they went to Eziongaber, 28 miles. 37 From Eziongaber they went to the Wilderness of Zin-Kades, 48 miles. 38 From Zin-Kades they went to mount Hor, as God commanded, 48 miles, where Aaron died. 39 From mount Hor they went to Salmona, 28 miles. 40 From Salmona they went to the town of Phunon, twenty miles. 41 From Phunon they went to Oboth, 24 miles. 42 From Oboth they went to Igim upon the hill Abarim, 16 miles. 43 From Igim they went to Dibon Gad, 16 miles, there is the water Sarum, Num. 31.33. 44 From Dibon Gad they went to Almon Diblathaim, 16 miles, Num. 33. 45 From Almon Diblathaim they went to the hill Abarim, 16 miles. 46 From the hill Abarim they went downward over the River Arnon, to the field of the Moabites, to the town of jachra, 16 miles, where Moses overcame Sehon King of the Ammorites, with all his camp. Num. 21. Deut. 2. 47 From jacra they went to Hesbon, 4 miles, which Town Moses won from the King of the Ammorites, Num. 21. Deut. 2. 48 From Hesbon they went to the town of jaëzer, which Moses won, 8 miles, Num. 21. Deut. 2. 49 From jaëzer they went to Edrei, 12 miles: there Moses overthrew King Og with all his army at Basan, Num. 21. Deut. 3. 50 From Edrei they went to mount Libanus, 56 miles, which Moses won. Num. 21. Deut. 3. 51 From mount Libanus they returned back again to the field of the Moabites, 40 miles, by which field lieth the high hill Pisga, where Moses died, Deut. 34. So all the travels of the Patriarch Moses were 1424 miles. The description of the towns and places by which Moses traveled with the children of Israel. Of Midian. MIdian was a metropolitan city of the Midianites, near to the Red sea, some 160 miles from jerusalem toward the South, and signifies a measure, being derived of Madad, which signifies, He hath measured. Here jethro (Moses father in law) dwelled. In this town the Kings of Idumaea kept their court, 1 Reg. 11. There was also another city of the same name, that stood near to Arnon, some 24 miles from jerusalem toward the East; so that the Midianites had their seat partly near the red sea in Arabia Paetrea, and partly upon the confines of the Moabites, taking their beginning from Midian the son of Abraham which he had by his wife Kethura, Gen. 25. Of Horeb. HOreb is a mount of the Midianites, and is sometimes called by the name of Sina. It lieth 420 miles from jerusalem toward the South. In this place God appeared to Moses in a flame of fire, Ex. 3. And as Bernard Britenbach saith, In this place there is a chapel built, called the Church of S. Mary in the bush. In this Chapel there is a place shown where God spoke with Moses, Ex. 3. but how true that I leave, because there are many Churches built by Monks, for no other purpose but to deceive travellers and pilgrims of their money. Of Raemsis'. THis is one of the strong cities which the Israelites built for Pharaoh, and is a metropolitan city in the land of Gossen, 174 miles from jerusalem toward the South-west, & signifies joy and delight, being derived of Raam and Sus, that is, To leap for joy. Of Pihachiroth. THis was a certain Plain lying between two hills near to the Red sea, and was called Pinaehiroth, which signifies, a mouth cut or carved out; where the Children of Israel pitched their tents. Here Pharaoh invaded them when they went out of Egypt, taking opportunity of the place: for they having on either side of them an high mountain, before them the red sea, and behind them a cruel and mighty tyrant, to the judgement of man had no means to escape. But the Lord to express the mightiness of his power, and that the Children of Israel might know who it was that delivered them, made them a passage, & led them under the conduct of Moses through the red sea; in that very place drowning their enemies, which had thought to make a prey of them. A little from this place the temple of the idol Baalzephon is to be seen Of the Red sea. THe Red sea is 160 miles from jerusalem Southward, betwixt Arabia and Egypt, and as some are of opinion, it taketh the name of the red scales that grow therein, wherefore in Scripture it is also called the Scaly sea. Some say it taketh the name from red sand that lies on the shore, cast up by the sea. Others say, tha● the redness thereof happeneth because of the shadow cast into the water by the mountains thereabout. The vulgar are of opinion, that it is naturally red by reason of the water; but it is not so, because it is like the water of the Ocean, clear and salt. Strabo, li. 16 observeth, that this sea was so called from Erithraea, and thence Mare Arithraeum; because the word Erithraeum in Greek signifieth red or purple: the Latins call it Mare rubrum, and we, the red sea▪ This Erithrae was son to Perseus and Andromada, who sometimes dwelled in the Island of that sea. It is also called the Arabian gulf running from the South to the West; and by the Hebrews, jam-suph, a scaly sea: all which names are at this day used: at the utmost bounds hereof are seen the admirable works of Pharaoh Meco, who would have brought this Sea to the river Nilus, that so he might have sailed thence into the Mediterranean Sea: But this work he could not finish, being opposed by the wise men of Egypt. Here also grows certain trees that are as red as Brasill wood. Of the mystery of the red Sea. AS Moses led the children of Israel through the red Sea, and delivered them from the bondage and captivity of the Kings of Egypt; So jesus Christ the Son of God, by his precious blood, hath delivered us from the house of bondage, and the tyranny of Satan: and as Pharaoh and all his host was there drowned; so the sin of Adam, Death, and the Devil, in that sea of Christ's blood is utterly drowned, and we delivered from the pit of hell. Of Baalzephon. THis was an Idol erected by the Egyptians near to the shore of the Red Sea, and is called Baalzephon, that is, the Lord of defence and watchfulness, because as they thought, he resisted fugitive servants, as Fagius and other Hebrews observe: being derived from Baal, which signifies, a Lord, and Zapha, that is, That hath seen, or, to behold and see. The temple of this Idol stood close by the shore of the Red sea, upon a high hill, very curiously wrought, so that the children of Israel going through the same, could not choose but see it, yet nevertheless they went securely, when Pharaoh and all his host were drowned, notwithstanding, that their God of defence was so near them. Of Marah. THis is a place in the Desert, which took the name of bitterness, distant from jerusalem 160 miles towards the South-west. Here Moses made the water sweet by throwing in wood: The mystery whereof is, when Adam and Euah had eaten of the forbidden fruit, they brought bitterness through all the World, yea, the bitterness of sin and death: but God shown unto Moses another tree, that is, our Lord jesus Christ, who being thrown into the waters of bitterness, afflictions calamities, miseries, yea, and the death of the Cross, for our sakes and sins underwent the curse of the Law; that so taking away the bitterness, we might be made capable of that sweet and delectable place of eternal life. Of Elim. THis was the sixth resting place of the Israelites in the desert, 120 miles from jerusalem toward the South-west; and is derived from Aial, which signifies a Hart, a strong and swift Creature, of which it seems there were great multitudes which resorted to this place to drink: and from thence it is called Elim. Here stood 12 fountains and 70 Palm trees. Of Sin. THis was a thorny place in the desert, 156 miles from jerusalem toward the South-west. Here it reigned down Quails and Manna from heaven; being a type of our Saviour jesus Christ that heavenly Manna which raiseth us up unto eternal life, joh. 6. and is derived of Manah, which signifies to distribute; and therefore Man or Mannah signifies a distributive gift, or meat fallen from heaven distributively. Sin signifieth a thorny place, from Zemeh, which signifies a bush: for Christ flourisheth in the midst of his enemies as a Lily amongst thorns, Can. 2. Psal. 10. Of Raphadim. RAphadim was a place where the children of Israel pitched their tents in the desert, not far from mount Sinai, 132 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west; and signifieth a Grass bench strewed with sweet herbs and flowers: being derived from Raphad, which is as much to say in our Language, as To make a bed or place for one to lie down on. Here Moses struck the rock, out of which water issued, Exod. 17. which was a type of that spiritual Rock Christ jesus, 1 Cor. 10. who being strooke with the staff of the curse of the Law, out of his precious wounds and side sent forth that Water of life which runneth into eternal happiness. In this place the children of Israel fought against the Amalekites, and overcame them, Ex. 17. and here jethro came unto Moses, where according to his counsel there were seventy Elders chosen over the people, Ex. 18. This was a fruitful and pleasant place. Of Mount Sinai. SInai is 120 miles from jerusalem towards the South, and because in that place there are many bushes and thorns, it is called Sinai: for Senaëh signifies a Bush. Here the Law (which we call the ten Commandments) was given; & not unfitly, because like thorns they prick and vex the hearts and consciences of wicked men. It is also called Horeb, or Chareb, which signifies a place made dry. Bernard Breitenbacchus and many others in the month of September 1483, went purposely to see this mountain, and with great labour ascended to the top thereof; for (as he saith) it is a great mountain, and of an extraordinary height; in the lower part round, in the upper part divided into two tops or mountains, one standing toward the West, the other toward the East. That toward the West is called Horeb, that to the East, Sinai. And from these two it is sometimes called Horeb, sometimes Sinai, being both one hill of the base. Between these there lies a fair and spacious Plain, in the middle whereof (and as it may be thought in the midst of the mountain) there stands a monastery, near to which there is adjoining a very pleasant Garden and Orchard, plentifully furnished with Date trees, Fig trees, and many others very profitable and pleasant; where in ancient times were many Monks that continued there. But it happened that a certain number of Pagans, in hope to find some booty, came from a haven of the red sea, called Thor, and upon a sudden broke in upon them, and put forty of them to the sword; from whence it was ever after called the Abbey of the forty Martyrs. Now it remains desolate, few or none inhabiting there, only two Monks of S. Katherine's Order, and these are also grievously troubled with the incursions of the Arabians. The orchard also is destroyed with locusts and the ground become barren. In this orchard there stands a little chapel, in which there is a cave where S. Onuphrius the Anchorist lived. At the foot of Mount Sina upon the North, standeth the monastery of Saint Katherine, of which the Emperor justinian was the first founder: it is compassed about with a wall; close by it standeth a goodly Orchard furnished with diverse trees, of fruit pleasant and delightful; in that there standeth a goodly fountain which watereth all about it. In this place there are a great number of poor Monks, which get their living by their hands, in the desert thereabouts. They say that here stood the golden calf spoken of in the 32 of Exodus. And they show a round stone lying there, where they say Moses broke the two Tables that were given him by God. To pilgrims also they show the tomb of Saint Katherine, standing upon the right side of the Choir, with certain other relics of hers. Upon the left side of the choir, there stands a little door by which you enter into a place called the Chapel of Saint Marie of the Bush, where they show the place of the Bush in which God appeared unto Moses: And to give grace unto their superstitions, there may none enter into that place, but he must put off his hose and shoes. There is another place, where they say God commanded Moses to bring up Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu with him, and the seventy Elders; with many other superstitious chapels, which would be too tedious & frivolous to recite. Not far from this there standeth also a Mosko of the Saracens, full as fair and spacious as that of Saint Katherine's, to which there is adjoined a certain Turret: hither the Arabians and Saracens do also often come to visit Saint Katherine. At the ascent of the Mount Horeb, near to the Monastery of saint Katherine, there standeth a fountain of very clear water, in the likeness of a bow, made of stone, reaching from the one side of it to the other; and standeth like unto an arch or gate. A little above that, at the foot of Mount Horeb, is to be seen the cave where Eliah rested when the Lord spoke unto him, 1 Reg. 19 Something above that, the cliff of the rock where Moses stood by God's appointment, when he passed by, and he saw his back parts, Ex. 33. A little beyond that, is the top of Mount Horeb, where is built a little chapel that hath an iron door, the keys of which are in the Monks custody of the Abbey of saint Katherine. In this place they say Moses received the two tables of stone, wherein the ten Commandments were written by the finger of God. Ex. 34. There is none that enters into this Chapel but with great reverence, bare foot and bare legged, and casting themselves upon the earth, kiss it. About fifteen paces from this, they show the Cave wherein Moses fasted forty days and forty nights, Exod. 24.34. A little above that, there is a Mask, to which there daily resorts Arabians and Saracens in honour of Moses, whom they reverence as a Prophet. Between these there lieth a Well of cold wholesome water, which is called Moses Well. Here seemeth in times past to have been some Monastery; for there are diverse ruins of walks and buildings to be seen. This mountain is round, and difficult to ascend: it is 7000 steps to the top, & from thence the red sea & the arm thereof (where Pharaoh was drowned when he followed the children of Israel) may easily be discerned. Mount Sina is much higher than this, and lieth two day's journey from the Red sea: Upon the top whereof are many rocks and great stones. From thence you may see sundry places, as, a mountain lying in Thebaidaes', the great haven of the red Sea, the Desert of Elim and Sur, with many others. The deserts round about take the name from the height thereof; and are called, The deserts of Sina. Of the Graves of Concupiscence. THese Graves are 112 miles towards the South from jerusalem, where the children of Israel lusting after meat, were fed by the Lord with Quails; and for their disobedience died miserably. It was also called Tabarah, which signifies an inflammation; being derived from Baar, to burn, because here the wrath of the Lord was kindled against them, and he strooke the uttermost parts of their Tents with fire from heaven, and consumed them, Numb. 11. Of Hazeroth. THis is a place in the desert, some 32 miles from jerusalem towards the South, the name thereof being derived from Chazer, which signifieth, a Cave, about the mouth whereof there groweth long Grass: And therefore from hence Chazer is also taken for Grass. Here Miriam the sister of Moses and Aaron was strooke with leprosy. Of Rithmah. RIthmah takes name from juniper; for Rothaem in Hebrew signifies juniper. It is distant from jerusalem 112 miles toward the Southeast. Hear the children of Israel pitched their Tents, Num. 33. and here it is very likely the Angel of the Lord appeared to the prophet Eliah, and brought him meat and drink. Of Rimmon Parez. IN this place the children of Israel the 16 remove made their abiding, being 108 miles from jerusalem towards the Southeast. Here it is thought the children of Israel found great store of Pomegranates, whereof division was made amongst them. For Rimmon is as much as a grained apple or a Pomegranate; & Parez, He hath divided. Of Libnah. LIbnah is the 17 place where the children of Israel stayed, and was so called of the abundance of Frankincense that was found there; for Libnah signifies white Frankincense. This is 104 miles from jerusalem toward the South-west. Of Rissa. Here the children of Israel pitched their Tents, being about 100 miles from jerusalem toward the Southeast; it took the name from the fruitfulness and abundance of flowers & herbs that grow there; and is derived from Rasa, which signifies to make moist, for there were usually exceeding pleasant and sweet dews Of Chehelah. CHehelah was the nineteenth place where the children of Israel made their abiding in the desert, being 92 miles from jerusalem toward the South-west, Num. 33. and signifies a Congregation or Church, being derived from Rahal, that is, He hath assembled. This was a type of the Church, where all the Elect and faithful people of God travail through the wilderness of this wicked world. Of Saphar. SAphar is a mountain in the desert of Arabia Petraea, 88 miles from jerusalem toward the South-west. This was the twentieth Remove; the name of the place being so called partly of their tents, partly of the roundness of the mountains. Of Harada. HArada was full of wild beasts, which struck the people into a mighty fear; so called as being derived from Charada, which signifies terror or trembling. Here the children of Israel stayed the 21 time, it being 80 miles from jerusalem toward the South-west. Of Thahath. THis is a certain valley 68 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west, and is derived from Tachath, which signifieth a ceriain Plaine or low place. Of Maceheloth. THis was the 22 abiding of the Israelites, being 72 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west. Here a congregation of the tribes of Israel was called; for Maccheloth signifieth a congregation or meeting together. Sometimes it is taken for the Church, being derived from Rahal, i. He assembleth together. Of Tharah. THis was a memorable place in the Wilderness, where the Israelites had a breathing time: for now growing near to the borders of the land of Canaan, after so many journeys they began to rest themselves, because of the wars they were shortly to undertake. And it is derived of Roah and Tarah, which signifieth a breathing time. Here was the 24 mansion of the Israelites. Of Mithca. HEre was the 25 mansion of the Israelites, being but 56 miles from jerusalem toward the South-west, in the utmost borders of the land of Canaan, and no doubt took the name from the delightful and pleasant taste of Grapes: For Mitka signifies the same that Mithetk, that is to say, sweetness and pleasantness. Of Cades Barnea. CAdes Barnea a city of the Idumaeans (being derived of Kadas and Barah, that is, A holy place) is forty miles from jerusalem towards the South: from this place Moses sent spies into the land of Canaan, who brought of the fruit of the Land, but all of them discouraged the people, only Caleb: wherefore they murmured, and the Lord was angry, and would not suffer them to enter into the land of Promise: So turning their journey, they went to Exeongaber, 148 miles, so that they traveled in the desert 40 years, before they could enter into the land of Promise. Of this you may read, Gen. 14.16.20. Num. 13.27.33.34. Deut. 1. Psal. 29. Ezech. 47. Of Chasmona. IN this place the children of Israel set up their tents, a little before they sent spies into the land of Canaan: it is not far from Cades Barnea towards the South. For the twelve Spies were not sent from the City of Cades Barnea, but from their Tents; and of this still distribution, or sending, (for one out of every Tribe was chosen) it took the name. For Casmona signifies, a still distribution, being derived of Chasca and Manah, he stilly distributed. Of Moseroth. MOseroth was the 27 mansion of the children of Israel in the wilderness, and distant from jerusalem 72 miles towards the South, where the Lord caused them to return back for their murmuring, towards the South, that so they might live just forty years in the wilderness, Num. 14.33. This place seemeth to take the name thereof from Traditions, for there Moses repeated to the Israelites the Law of the Lord: and for this cause their tents were called Moseroth, which signifies Traditions, and is derived of Masar, that is, to Preach. Of Benei jaacon. THis was the 28 mansion of the Israelites, so called because there their tents were fairly set up, with pleasant walks and places about them: for Benei jaaecon signifieth a Building or fair walk; being derived of Bana and Akah, that is, He hath set up an house: and was 96 miles from jerusalem Southward, Num. 33. Of Hor Gidgad. AT this mountain the children of Israel stayed a while, because it was a fertile and pleasant place, as Moses himself witnesseth. It is 112 miles from jerusalem toward the South; being derived of Harar, a Mountain, and Glebam, a Plough, Plin. l. 20 cp. 20. Of jotbatha. THis was the 30 mansion of the Israelites in the wilderness, being 132 miles from jerusalem toward the South, & took the name from the pleasantness and fertility of the wilderness; being derived of jatab & Batha, A certain good and pleasant waist or wilderness. Of Arbona. THis place being very discommodious and no whit profitable, the children of Israel were constrained to remove their tents with great weeping and lamentation: for Arbona being derived from Abar and Naha, signifies partly to remove, and partly to weep. Of Aezion Gaber. THis was a town of the Idumaeans, near the red sea, 148 miles from Kades Barnea, and 174 miles from jerusalem towards the South. Here the Israelites set up their tents, and here Solomon made his Navy which he sent to Ophir to fetch gold, 1 Kings, 9 This city no doubt took the name of the strength and multitude of trees, whereof these ships were built; for they were very fair ships, and of excellent workmanship. Aezion Gaber signifieth A strong tree; being derived of Ez and Gaber, that is, A Tree of strength. Of Zin-Kades. THis was a great Wilderness lying between Ezion-Gaber and Kades-Barnea, being 184 miles in length, abounding with thorns and high mountains. Upon the North side thereof lay mount Seir, and Kades-Barnea, and towards the South the red sea. It was called Paran and Zin, of the abundance of thorns that grew there; for Zin, of Zanan, signifies a sharp thorn; Zinnim, full of thorns; and Kadesh, Sanctity or holiness. Here Moses and Aaron having strooke the rock twice, at length it brought forth water: but for their murmuring & incredulity God would not suffer them to go into the land of Canaan. This lay 120 miles from jerusalem toward the South. Of the mountain Hor. HOr is a mountain of the Idumaeans, 88 miles from jerusalem toward the Southeast, and is derived of Harar, which signifieth a great mountain: here Aaron died. The King of the Canaanites which dwelled toward the South, in a town called Arad, upon the borders of judaea and Arabia Petraea, hearing that Aaron was dead, invaded the jews with a great army, discomfited them, and took some of them captives. But after, the Israelites to revenge this injury, took and destroyed diverse cities which belonged to the Canaanites, and put the citizens to the sword. This country is called Chormah, which signifieth a curse or desolation. Of Zalmona. THis was a place in the desert of Zin-Kades, where the Israelites pitched their tents, being 80 miles from jerusalem to the Southeast; and took the name from shades or little sheds under which the Israelites dwelled: for Zalmona seems a compound of Zel and Mun, which signifies a shady place, and seems to have affinity with Manah, to distribute here and there. Of Phunon. THis was a city of the Idumaeans, situated in the wilderness of Arabia Petraea, 64 miles from jerusalem towards the Southeast; and takes the name from a fair and flourishing city. For Panan in Hebrew signifieth an high pinnacle, from whence one might see all parts of the world. Here Moses set up the brazen Serpent. Of Oboth. THis was the 37 mansion of the Israelites in the wilderness, & was 56 miles from jerusalem towards the Southeast, and signifies a serpent called Python. Here the Arabians received an answer from the Devil by way of conjuration. Of Igim. THis was the 38 Mansion of the Israelites; so called because of the multitude which were assembled near to a mountain called Abarim, 52 miles from jerusalem toward the Southeast; for Igim signifieth a Congregation. Of Dibon Gad. THis was the 39 station of the Israelites in the desert, being 52 miles from jerusalem toward the Southeast, near to the flood Zared, bordering upon the Idumaeans and Moabites, running from thence into the red sea, and as it seems taketh name from descending into a strong place. Of Almon Diblathaim. THis place stands beyond the red sea, some 40 miles from jerusalem toward the East; and taketh name from a Frail of dried figs; from Alum signifieth, he hath hidden; and Debeleth, A Frail of dried figs. Here was the 40 mansion of the Israelites, and lay close by the river Arnon, Num. 21. & 23. Of the mountain's Abarim. THese mountains lay 32 miles from jerusalem towards the East, and taketh the name from Passing along; for Abar is as much to say as He went along. Between these mountains and the lake Asphaltites, near to the Eastern river of the Dead sea, the Moabites inhabited. Of jahza. THis was a city of the Levits the sons of Merar, in the Tribe of Benjamin, 24 miles from jerusalem Eastward, Ios. 21. here Moses overcame the King of the Ammonites, and put them to death, Num. 21. Of Chezbon. THis was the Metropolis of Sehon King of the Ammorites, who held the country beyond jordan; and because he would not suffer the children of Israel to pass through his Dominions, therefore Moses made war upon him, put him to death, and gave all his country to the tribes of Reuben and Gad. This was a fair town, and after fell to the Levits, Num. 21.33. Deut. 1.2. etc. and took its name from Cheschebon, which signifies An artificial understanding: for Chaschaf is as much as excogitavit, that is, he hath found out; and Cheschaef is, An artificial and ingenious Worke. Of jaezir. IAezir was a city of the Priests in the Tribe of Gad, 36 miles from jerusalem toward the East, and in jeroms' time was a smal● village, and signifies, The Lord is my help; being derived of jah, that is, The Lord God; and Ezaer, The helper. Of Edrie. THis is a city in the country of Gilead, beyond jordan and the Galilean sea, 32 miles from jerusalem South-Eastward near the lake of Gaderin; where Og the King of Basan was overcome by Moses; and after fell to the Tribe of Manasses, Num. 21. Ios. 13. Deut. 13. S. jerom saith, That in his time this town wa● called Adar. Og signifieth a Cook, or one that baketh bread upon coals. Aedriae signifies an heap of bright clouds; being deriue● of Adar and High, that is, a clear heap. Of Astoroth. THis was a metropolitan City of Basan, four miles distant from Edri, and 56 from jerusalem toward the Southeast. I● stood beyond jordan, and belonged to the half tribe of Manasses of which you may read before in the travels of Lot. Of Pisgah. THis was a high mountain in the plain of the Moabites, against jericho, 240 miles from jerusalem Eastward. It took the name from the cities Pisgah and Nebo, and therefore is called sometimes Pisgah, sometimes Nebo. Here Moses died. Nebo signifies a city of the Prophets: Pisgah, The top of a hill. The Travels of the Prophet Balaam. THere are many which think that this Prophet Balaam was of the posterity of Nahor the brother of Abraham, and an inhabitant of the city of Charan in Mesopotamia, Gen. 11. josephus saith he dwelled near to Euphrates: and S. jerom, in a City called Phatura, of which there is mention, Num. 22. and signifies an obscure Prophet, or oracle which interpreteth. For Pathar with the Hebrews, is the same that He hath interpreted, is with us. Wherefore this Prophet traveled from Pithora or Phatura in Mesopotamia, to Abel or the plain of Vines, where his Ass spoke, Num. 22. which is 400 miles. From thence he went to the land of the Moabites, 40 miles; where in the mount of Peor he blessed the children of Israel. So all the travels of this Prophet were 440 miles. Of the Plain of the Vines. THere is often mention of this place in the Scripture; & for the fertility of the country, and plenty of sweet Wines, there was a beautiful city built, called Abel, of the Vines; some 56 miles from jerusalem South-Eastward; and was placed just in the way as they went from Mesopotamia into the country of the Moabites. Whereby it appeareth, that near to this place the Ass spoke to Balaam, Numb. 22. In S. jeroms' time there was found a little Village so called, where there was great plenty of Vines. Here jeptha overcame the Ammorites, and made a great slaughter, jud. 11. The Travels of that noble Captain JOSHVAH. JOSHVAH and Caleb traveled with Moses from Raemsis' out of Egypt through the Red sea, and came to Kades-Barnea, 26 miles. From Cades-Barnea they were sent forth with other Spie● to the land of Canaan, Num. 13. and went out of the wilderness of Zin and Paran, and came to the town of Rechob in Galile● 140 miles. From thence they went to the town of Hamath in Syria which was after called Antiochia, 188 miles. From Hamath or Antiochia they returned again to Hebron 304 miles, where upon the side of the river Escol they cut off● bunch of grapes, with the stalk, which was as much as both the● could bear upon their shoulders, Num. 13. From Hebron they returned again to Kades-Barnea, twent● miles. There all the people murmured against Moses, Num. 1● Hereby it is to be seen, that the Spies in forty days trauelle● 648 miles in the land of Canaan, that is, every day 16 miles and little more. After that, joshuah and Caleb traveled with Moses and the children of Israel to Ezeon-Gabir, and from thence to the town o● jahza, 464 miles. From jahza they passed through two kingdoms to mount Lib●nus, 80 miles. From mount Libanus they returned again into the Land o● Sittim, that lay by the hill Pisgah in the field of the Moabite● 80 miles. From the land of Sittim they passed through the river of Iord●● and came to Gilgal, 6 miles, where joshuah pitched his Camp, Num. 21. Ios. 4.5. From Gilgal he went to jericho, 2 miles: there he assailed the town with the sound of basons, and won it, Ios. 6. From jericho he went to Ai, being 4 miles, and took and burnt the whole town, Ios. 7.8. From Ai he returned to Gilgal, 4 miles, and there upon the hill of Ebal he built an altar unto the Lord, and there were the blessings and cursings pronounced, Ios. 8. Deut. 27. From Gilgal he went to Gibeon, twelve miles. There the Sun stood still during the battle against the three Kings, joshuah 10. From Gibeon he went to Ajalon, 2 miles, here the Moon stood still, Ios. 10. From Ajalon he went to Aseka, 4 miles: there it hailed upon the enemies that fled before Israel, Ios. 10. From Aseka joshuah returned again into the Camp at Gilgal, 20 miles, Ios. 10. From Gilgal he went to Makeda, where he hanged the five Kings, Ios. 10. From Makeda he went to Libna, 2 miles, and took the town, Ios. 10. From Libna he went to Lachis, 8 miles. From Lachis he went to Eglon, 8 miles. From Eglon he went to Hebron, which is sixteen miles, joshuah 10. From Hebron he went to Debir, a mile, Ios. 10. After that, joshuah with one continued War won all that part of judaea which lay towards the South, bordering Eastward upon the Dead Sea, Southward upon Cades-Barnea, Westward upon Asdod and Gaza, and Northward upon Gibeon and Gilgal: This circuit of land containeth about one hundred fifty and six miles. From Gilgal joshuah went out with his army about 22 miles, to the river of Merom, where he slew the rest of the Kings of the Canaanites in a memorable battle, Ios. 11. From the river of Merom joshuah chased his enemies and followed them to Sidon, which was 612 miles, Ios. 11. From Sidon he went again to Hazor, 32 miles, which town he burned, Ios. 11. After that, joshuah at one time won all the towns in the Holy land which lay Northward in the lands of Samaria and Galilea, from Gibeon to mount Libanus, and from the river of jordan to the great sea, called Mare Mediterranean; which countries in circuit contain 280 miles. After that, joshuah returned again to his camp at Gilgal, which lay 72 miles from the town of Hazor, where he made a division of the land amongst the children of Israel, Ios. 14, 15. From Gilgal he went to Shilo, 12 miles, where he made an end of dividing the land, Ios. 18. From Shilo he went to Timnah Sera, eight miles, and there he dwelled; for the children of Israel gave him that town for his own inheritance, Ios. 19 From Timnah Sera, joshuah not long before he died came to Sichem, forty miles. There he assembled all the tribes of Israel, Ios. 24. From Sichem he returned again to Timnah Sera, 40 miles, where he died and was buried, Ios. 24. So all the travels of Prince joshuah were 2392 miles. The description of the several towns and places to which joshuah traveled. ¶ Of Rechob. THis was a city of the Levits in the tribe of Ashur, 100 miles from jerusalem toward the North, Num. 13. and signifieth a broad street, being derived from Radhab, that is, To extend out in length. Of Haemah or Chaemah. THis was a city of the Levits in the Tribe of Nepthaly, and was 100 miles from jerusalem, upon the utmost bounds of the holy land, at the foot of Antilibanus, Num. 11.34. Ios. 19 derived from Chamah, that is, furious, or burning with anger. Of Gilgal. THis was a town between jordan & the city jericho, 12 miles from jerusalem Southeastward; where the children of Israel having past the river of jordan, first made war upon all the Nations of the land of Canaan. Here they solemnised the first paschal Lamb. After they came into this land, Manna ceased, because they then ate the fruits of the country. Here joshuah taking 12 stones out of jordan, pitched them up for a memorial. Here the tabernacle of God stayed for a time, which was the reason that afterward the Israelites committed idolatry in this place, Ios. 4.5. Hos. 2.4.9. Amos 5. near to this place, Ehud the third judge of the Children of Israel received gifts of them to carry to Eglon King of the Moabites dwelling at jericho, where he killed him with a knife. Here Saul was the second time confirmed King of Israel, 2 Sam. 10. and as it seems taketh name of Roundness, joshuah at this time building his tent in a circular fashion: for Galal signifies a round wheel or Tent, compassed about with Ditches and bulwarks. Of jericho. THis is a city in the tribe of Benjamin, two miles from jordan & six from jerusalem Southeastward. joshuah overcame this with the sound of horns or trumpets, Ios. 26. Heb. 11. Hear Christ restored the blind man to sight, Mat. 6. converted Zachaeus Luke 19 and was called the city of Palms, by reason of the great plenty of Palms that grew there. You may read more of this hereafter. Of Hai or Ai. HAi is a Town in the tribe of Benjamin near to Bethel, toward the East, where Abraham dwelled, Gen. 12. joshuah won this town, Ios. 7.8. it was so called of a Prophet that dwelled there, and signifieth, To be placed upon a heap: for Ai signifies A heap, lying partly equally, partly unequally. The ruins of this town were scarce to be found in S. jeroms' time. Of Gibeon. THis was a Metropolitan city in the Tribe of Benjamin, the inhabitants whereof became petitioners to joshuah for peace Ios. 9.10.18. 2 Sam. 21. Afterward it was given to the Priests. It is derived of Gibeah or Gibeon, which signifies a curled hill. It was situated on a mountain four miles from jerusalem toward the North. Here stood the tabernacle of the Covenant, & the brazen Altar. Here Saul was first made King of Israel. Here he put the sons of Abimilech the priest to death, 1 Sam. 12. Here joshuah overcame the five Kings of the Ammorites. Here the Sun stood still. Of this you may read more hereafter. Of Ajalon. THis was a city of the Priests in the tribe of Dan, four miles from jerusalem toward the Southeast, and taketh the name from a Hind; for Aialah signifieth an Hind, a beast very strong and swift. Here the Moon stood still. Here jonathan tasted honey, contrary to his father's command, for which he was judged to die, 1 Sam. 14. Of Azeka. AZeka was a city of the Ammorits in the tribe of juda, eight miles from jerusalem toward the West, near to Odullam, where David killed Goliath; and as it seems taketh the name from Munition, or a place compassed about with an hedge; being derived from Itsek, he hedged about. This was a fair city in Saint jeroms' time. Of the valley of Anchor. THis valley is distant from jerusalem 12 miles, and not fare from jericho and Gilgall towards the North, taking name (as it seemeth) of Achon that Thief mentioned in joshuah, who was stoned there; from whence it is called Anchor, which signifinifieth Trouble, because of the terrible words that joshuah spoke unto him there. You may read of this, Hos. 2. Esay 25. Ios. 11.15. Of Makedah. BEtween Elewtheropolin and Bethlehem this town stood, being in the tribe of judah, some 8 miles from jerusalem, towards the West, and taketh the name of a flower that hangs down the head, being derived of Kadad, which signifieth to hang down. Here joshuah hanged the five kings of the Ammorites, which he had formerly conquered, Ios. 10. Of Libna. LIbna is a city belonging to the Levites in the tribe of judah, and is situated between Eglon and Makeda, ten miles from jerusalem toward the Northwest, where the 14 King that joshuah conquered kept his court; and taketh the name from the abundance of frankincense that is found there: for Libonah signifieth white frankincense. Zenacharib besieged this city. Some say it taketh the name from the Hebrew Laba, which signifieth White Bricks; because there is found much matter whereof such kind of bricks are made. Of Lachis. LAchis is a city in the tribe of judah, and lieth between Eleutheropolin and Hebron, 20 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west, and 2 miles from Rechila toward the North, Ios. 15. 2 Chr. 11. and taketh the name from Walking; being derived from jalach, which signifieth, He hath walked. joshuah took the King of this City and put him to death: and Zenacharib King of the Assyrians besieged it, but to little purpose. Of Eglon. EGlon was a city in the tribe of juda, 12 miles from jerusalem Southward. joshuah took the king of this city & hanged him. It taketh the name from Aecael, signifying a Calf. Of Debir. DEbir was a city of the Levites, 22 miles from jerusalem towards the South, and almost half a mile from Hebron towards the Northwest. Athniel the brother of Caleb won this town, wherefore he gave him his daughter Archsa to wife. Formerly it was called Kiriath-Sepher, i. A city of Scribes and Students; for it was consecrated to learning. From hence it was called Debir, which signifies an oracle, or an holy altar; because the Lord there by his priests that were assigned for that purpose, did foretell and prophesy of things to come: being derived from Debar, that is, He hath spoken. Of Asdod or Azotes. THis was a city of the Philistines, situated upon the shore of the Mediterranean sea, in the tribe of Dan, and 22 miles from jerusalem towards the West. This town was conquered by joshuah, jos 11. 1 Reg. 5. it was also taken by Psamniticus King of Egypt, in Manasses time, as Herodotus saith, it is now a little town, and is called Azotus. In times past it was a fair city, and took name from the fire of love; being derived of Esh, which signifies a fire: and Dod, beloved. Of Gaza. GAza was a fair city of the Philistines, upon the shore of the red sea, some 24 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west, and signifieth a strong town, being derived from Gazez, To confirm. Samson being enclosed within this town, took away the gates and bars thereof, and laid them at the foot of mount Hebron, judg. 16. Of the river Merom. THis was a lake not far from Dotham, some 4 miles from Tiberias Westward, and 44 miles from jerusalem towards the North; and is so called from the deepness of it, being derived of Rom, which signifies it was high, & Marab, bitter; whence Merom, a high bitter water. Here joshuah overthrew the Kings of the Canaanites, Ios. 11. Of Sidon. SIdon takes the name of Zod, which signifies, He hath hunted, and was a famous mart town in Phoenicea, being a place situated at the foot of that high hill Antelibanus, near to the shore of the Mediterranean, 16 miles from jerusalem Northward. Of Libanus. THis is a mountain of an extraordinary height, some 104 miles from jerusalem Northward, looking into Syria and Phoenicia. From thence the river jordan taketh the beginning, being so called of two springs or wells, that is, jor, and Dan, rising from the bottom of this hill. It seems to take the name from the abundance of flowers and variety of sweet smells or dews that are there; and also of frankincense or gum Olibanum found upon it: it is a very fruitful place, full of springs and wholesome herbs, so that no serpent will abide in it: it is divided into two parts, the one lieth near Sidon Westward, called Antelibanus; the other toward Damascus upon the East, and is only called Libanus. It is so high that it serves for a sea mark, and so much the more remarkable, for that (as some say) snow lieth continually upon the top of it, so that a far off it seemeth white. Of the river jordan. IOrdan is a pleasant sweet river watering the holy land (whereof you may read before.) It is named Iorden at Caesarea Philippi, a little from the foot of Antelibanus, 104 miles from jerusalem Northward: it passeth through the lake Samachoniten, and dividing it into two equal parts; from thence running thorough a great part of Galilee, it falls into the sea Tyberias, & there as it were divideth it into two parts, it watereth that part of judaea called Samaria; and about Easter, which is the beginning of that harvest, it floweth over the banks, and fructifies many country's lying near it: at length it falleth into the lake Asphaltites and there endeth, about 14 miles from jerusalem Eastward. So that from the first beginning of this River, to the end of it, is 92 miles. It is called Palah by the Hebrews, which signifieth swift and hidden; because it riseth from a certain well or pit called Phiala, which is always full of water, but from whence it springeth is unknown. joshuah about Easter passed upon dry ground through this river, even then when it was fullest of water, Ios. 3. So did Eliah & Elisha, 2 Reg. Here Naaman the leper washed himself, 2 Reg. 5 Here Christ was baptised by S. john Baptist, Mat. 3. Luke 3. Of Hazor. THis was a town in the upper Galilee, belonging to the tribe of Nepthali: it was the chief Hold and city of the king of the Canaanites, being distant from jerusalem 80 miles towards the North. This joshuah destroyed with fire and sword. Deborah also the Prophetess besieged it, took it, and put jabin the King thereof to death. In times past it was a very strong city, as the ruins thereof testify. Of Siloh. SIloh the city and house of God, was situate on a high mountain in the tribe of Ephraim, 4 miles and somewhat better from jerusalem towards the North. Here the Ark of the Covenant continued from the time that the Israelites first entered into the land of Canaan, till Eli the Priest fetched it thence; in whose time it was taken by the Philistines, and he for very grief therefore fell down and broke his neck against a stone, 1 Sam. 4. The inhabitants hereabouts show the ruins of a certain sepulchre standing upon the top of this mount, where they say Samuel was buried: but that cannot be true, for he was buried at Ramath, which now is called Arimathea. Therefore it seems to be either the ruins of Elies' sepulchre, who died miserably in that place; or else of the House of the Lord, which many years passed stood there. Schiloh signifies Happy and peaceable, being derived from Schalah, that is, to live at ease and in peace. Of Timnah. Of this you may read in the Travels of JUDAH. The type and mystery of JOSHVAH. IOshuah and jesus is all one in signification, that is, Savour, or a Defender; and did typically represent our Saviour Christ; that as this joshuah brought the children of Israel through jordan into the land of Canaan, so jesus Christ the true joshuah and Saviour of the world; through that jordan of Baptism bringeth us into that place of Promise, Eternal life. Where the one and thirty Kings dwelled, overcome and slain by JOSHVAH, Ios. 10. AS the Prophet Moses won all the land upon the one side of jordan, so joshuah won all the Country on the other, from the town of Baalgadan, beginning at mount Libanus, not fare from Mount Hebron, till you come to the town of Caesarea Philippi, and to the hill Seir, where sometime Esau dwelled: all which is 160 miles long, and 28 or 32 miles broad. The first King that joshuah overcame, dwelled in jericho. The second King held his court in Ai. The third King dwelled in jerusalem, and was called Adoni-Zebec, that is, a Lord of Righteousness. This King joshuah hanged at Makeda, Ios. 10. The fourth King, called Hoham, dwelled at Hebron, and was likewise hanged at Makeda, Ios. 10. The fift King, called Percam, dwelled at jarmouth in the tribe of juda, 20 miles from jerusalem Westward. The 6 King, called japhia, dwelled at Lachis, 2 miles from jarmouth Southward. He was also hanged at Makeda, Ios. 10. The seventh King dwelled at Eglon, called Debir, and was also hanged at Makeda. The 8 King was called Horam, and held his princely seat in the tribe of Dan, in the town of Gezer, 16 miles from jerusalem westward: whom joshuah slew with all his men, Ios. 10. The ninth King dwelled at Debir. The tenth King held his court at Gerar in the tribe of judah, 14 miles from jerusalem Westward. The 11 King dwelled at Harma in the Tribe of judah, which is upon the borders of Arabia deserta not far from Ziclag, 40 miles from jerusalem Southwestward: this town in times past was called Zephal, that is, a watchtower, because it stood upon a hill. But when the children of juda had overthrown the whole army of the Canaanites, they called it Haram, a Curse, jud. 1. The 12 King dwelled at Arat, 22 miles from jerusalem Southward, which was a town of the Ammorites, and took the name from the Asses that were in great troops within the woods thereabout. It lay in the tribe of juda. The 13 King dwelled at Libnah in the tribe of juda. The 14 King dwelled at Odullam. The 15 King dwelled at Makeda. In this town joshuah hanged five Kings, Ios. 10. The 16 King dwelled at Bethel. The 17 King dwelled at Tapnah, not far from jordan & jericho, 12 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. The 18 King dwelled at Hepher, 6 miles from jerusalem Northward; part of this town was allotted to the tribe of Zabulon. jonas the Prophet was borne in this town, 2 Reg. 14. and is 4 miles distant from the town of Nazareth Southward. The 19 King dwelled at Apheck, 44 miles from jerusalem Northward, and 2 miles from jesreel. There also the Ark of the Lord was taken, and there also the sons of Eli the high priest were slain, 1 Sam. 4. This town was in the half tribe of Manasses. The 20 King dwelled at Lazaron, 18 miles and a half from jerusalem Northwestward, not far from joppen and Lidda. The 21 king dwelled at Nadan, 14 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. The 22 King dwelled at Hazor. The 23 King dwelled at Simron, which town was allotted to the tribe of Zabulon, joshuah 14. It lieth sixty eight miles from jerusalem Northward, not fare from the town of Nazareth in Galilee. The 24 king dwelled at Achsap, 88 miles from jerusalem Northward; which town was allotted to the tribe of Aser. The 25 King dwelled at Tanaach, 44 miles from jerusalem: this town belonged to the Levits, and stood in the tribe of Manasses, 6 miles from jesreel Southward, Ios. 21. The 26 King dwelled at Megiddo, 44 miles from jerusalem Northward, scarce 4 miles from Taanach. By this town of Megiddo josias King of juda was overthrown by Pharaoh Necho King of Egypt, 2 Reg. 23. In the travels of josiah King of juda I will speak of this town more at large. The 27 King dwelled at Kades, Ios. 19.21. The 28 King dwelled at jaknedam, 27 miles from jerusalem Northward, being upon the Mediterranean sea. This town was allotted to the Tribe of Zabulon, and given to the Levits, Ios. 21. The 29 King dwelled at Naphet Dor, which town lay upon the sea coast between the hill Carmel and the town of Caesarea Stratonis, 48 miles from jerusalem Northward. The 30 King dwelled at Gilgal, between jericho and the River jordan, and was the first King that josuah overcame and slew all his host. The 31 King dwelled at Thirtza, in the Tribe of Manasses, 24 miles from jerusalem. In this town jeroboam, and after him all the Kings of Israel kept their courts, before Samaria was built. THE BOOK OF JUDGES. The Travels of Caleb and Athniel. CAleb and Athniel with all the Children of juda, went from juda to Beseck, 44 miles, where they took King Adoni-Beseck prisoner, and cut off his fingers and toes, judg. 1. From Beseck they went to jerusalem, 44 miles, which they took by force and burned it, judg. 1. From jerusalem they went to Hebron, 22 miles, which they took, and slew the Giants that inhabited therein, judg. 1. Not far from Hebron lay the town of Debir, which Athniel won, and therefore Caleb gave him his daughter Achsa for his wife judg. 1. From Debir they went to Zephat, 16 miles, which town they won, judg. 1. From Zephat they went to Gaza, 4 miles. From Gaza they went to Ascalon, 6 miles, judg. 1. From Ascalon the went to Hebron, 14 miles. From Hebron they went back again to Debir, where Athniel dwelled, 12 miles. So all the travels of Caleb and Athniel were 132 miles. The Description of the Towns and places to which they traveled. Of Beseck. BEseck was a metropolitan city of the Canaanites, near to the water Merom, where Adoni-Beseck kept his Court, 44 miles from jerusalem toward the North, and took the name of Desaeck, or Beseck, which signifies lightning. Of this King you may read, judg. 1. Of Zephah. THis was a town upon the borders of the tribes of judah and Simeon, not far from Siclag, Ios. 15. It takes the name from Zaphah, which signifies a watchtower: and was also called by the sons of juda, (who destroyed all the country) Chorma, which signifies a Curse, or a desolate place. To the citizens hereof David sent gifts, 1 Sam. 36. Of Gaza. OF this town you may read more hereafter in the Travels of the Ark of the Covenant. The typical signification of CALEB. CALEB signifieth An hearty man, or, A man after Gods own heart, loving his Neighbour with all his heart. For Col is as much as Omnis, which signifies All; and Cala, He forgiveth all; and Leb or Lebbah signifieth an Heart, the seat and fountain of all life. So that Caleb seems to take his name from a singular hearty affection, whereby he forgiveth his neighbour. For as this man being of a noble resolution and courage, in the 29 year of his age won Hebron a strong City, and put to death the three sons of Anak, terrible Giants: so Christ the Son of God, that so loved the world that he gave himself for it, with a more than humane resolution conquered hell, and those three mighty Giants incident unto it, the sons of Satan, Sin, the World, and Death. Of Athniel. IN the year of the World 1503, and before Christ, 2565, joshuah died: after whose death, Caleb and Athniel judged Israel; about which time the Israelites committed idolatry, and worshipped Baal and Asteroth: wherefore the Lord suffered them to fall into the hands of Chushan Rishathaim King of Mesopotamia. But because of their oppression they cried unto the Lord, and he stirred up Othniel the younger brother of Caleb, who in the year of the world 2512 conquered Chushan, delivered the people, and governed Israel 40 years, judg. 3. Athniel or Othniel signifies the god of time, being derived of Aeth, that is, an Age: and is a Type of Christ, who is the God of time; and in his due time conquered the world, and Satan the prince thereof, thereby delivering the poor afflicted members of his Church out of his miserable servitude and bondage: for which cause God hath made him judge over it, and given him fell power and authority to rule and govern it. The Travels of Ehud the third judge of Israel. EHud was the son of Gira of the Tribe of juda, and dwelled in the City of jericho or of the Palms. He was a valiant and resolute man, lame of his right hand, judg. 3. and to the judgement of man not fit to be a Captain, being so infirm. Yet it happened that this man growing in favour with Eglon King of the Moabites, who at this time kept his Court in jericho (which town he had but eighteen years before conquered) took opportunity by the Children of Israel's coming to Gilgal (for they came thither to offer to the Idol, and to bring gifts of the king) to present these presents unto him; and because of his former familiarity, was admitted to speak in private with him in his summer parlour; where as he was talking with him, he thrust him into the belly with a short knife: and locking the door he fled back to Seirah, and told the children of Israel what he had done. From thence they presently went to Ephraim, there blew the trumpet, and set upon the Moabits and put them to the sword, judg. 3. The Travels of Ehud. EHud went from jericho to Gilgal, 2 miles. From Gilgal he went to jericho, 2 miles. From jericho he went to mount Ephraim, 6 miles. From Mount Ephraim he went to Iorden, 4 miles, where he overthrew 10000 Moabites. So all the travels of Ehud were 14 miles. Of Mount Ephraim. THis mountain is about 8 miles from jerusalem towards the South, and extends itself in longitude to the city near the Mediterranean sea, called joppa, which is distant from jerusalem 20 miles toward the Northwest. The Travels of the sons of Hobab the Kenite. THe sons of Hobab the Kenite (Moses brother in law) were from jericho to Arad a City in the tribe of juda, situated in the desert toward the South, Num. 10. judg. 1. 44 miles. Of Arad. ARad is a city in the Tribe of juda, 22 miles from jerusalem towards the South, taking the name of a multitude of asses that were found thereabouts in the desert, and is derived from Arod, which signifies a wild Ass, a rude creature. The Travels of jael, the wife of Heber the Kenite, who killed Sisera the Captain. FRom Arad she and her husband went to the plain of Zaaenaim, and dwelled there, near to a Town called Kades, a Town of refuge of the Levites, in the Tribe of Nephthali, 166 miles, there she killed Sisera. This town lieth 92 miles from jerusalem towards the North. Of Deborah and Barak. DEborah was the wife of Lapidoth, and dwelled under a palm tree between Bethel and Ramath, in mount Ephraim, eight miles from jerusalem towards the North: the inhabitants thereabouts show this tree even to this day. Barak the son of Abineam a noble Captain, lived in her time at Kades, a city of refuge belonging to the Levites. She succeeded Ehud, in An. man. 2632, and before Christ, 1336, years. The Travels of Deborah and Barak. BArak went first from Kades Naphtaly to the Palm tree, where Deborah dwelled, which are 84 miles, From thence he went with Deborah back again to Kades, which are 84 miles. From Kades with 10000 men, they went to the hill Thabor, 36 miles. Here (as josephus writeth, lib. antiq. 4.) there fell such a shower of rain and hail upon the enemies of the Israelites, that through the extreme violence thereof, they were dispersed: and Sisera their captain constrained to leave his chariot, and to save himself by flight, never staying till he came to the Tabernacle of jael, the wife of Hebar the Kenite, situated in the valley of Zaaenaim, 36 miles from the foot of the mountain Thabor: where being asleep, by reason of his great journey, jael strooke a nail into the temple of his head, so he died. From thench Barak pursued the enemies with great slaughter, to Haraseth of the Gentiles, a City in the upper Galilee, near to the lake of Samachoniten, 28 miles. This city is 80 miles from jerusalem towards the North, joseph. Ant. lib. 5. From Haraseth, he went to the plain of Zaaenaim, where he found Sisera slain in the tabernacle of jael, as Deborah the prophetess had told him. From thence Barak with all his army went to Hazor, where jabin king of the Canaanites kept his court, and of a sudden conquered the city, and put to death all the inhabitants, joseph. Antiq. lib. 5. Of Thabor. THabor is a round & high hill, situated upon the borders of the tribes of Issacher and Zabulon, 56 miles from jerusalem towards the North, and extendeth itself to the river Kison towards the South, and taketh the name of light or a pure air, being derived of Bornwell, To go and come; Tebuah, To bring forth fruit, and To give light. For this mountain Thabor, by reason of the purity of the air, is wonderful fertile and fruitful: There was also a town at the foot of it called by the same name. Here the kings of the Midianites, Zeba and Zalmuna were slain by Gideon. Of Hazor. THis is a great city in the tribe of Nepthali, 80 miles from jerusalem towards the North, which joshuah destroyed with fire and sword; so did Barak also: The ruins of this city is to be seen to this day. The Mystery of Deborah. THe word Deborah signifies, a Bee, and is a memorable type of the Church. For as a Bee in all her actions soundeth pleasantly; so the members of God's Church in all their actions sing and sound forth the praises of God, or by continual prayers implore his aid and assistants; with the Bee sucking from the flowers of the holy Scriptures, the sweet and acceptable doctrine of faith, by which the hope of everlasting life is strengthened in us, with the sting of God's word repulsing all vain delusions and idle imaginations, (the temptations of the Devil) and those waspish affections of cruel and wicked men; according to that of Ecclesiasticus, The Bee is but small, yet bringeth forth most pleasant fruit, and presenteth unto man many memorable instructions. And as Plato saith, The King of Bees, although without a sting, yet ruleth and governeth his Commonwealth with great severity and justice. So Christ the head of the Church, though he be a delectable Saviour of souls, and without any sting of bitterness, yet doth he rule and govern it with singular justice and sincerity. Of Barak. AFter Deborah was appointed judge of Israel, she ordained Barak for her chief Commander or Captain. He taketh his name from Thunder and Lightning; typically representing the glory of Christ jesus, as chief Captain of the Church, who with the thunder of the Law, and the bright shining glory of the Gospel, destroyed the enemies thereof; and by the hosts of Angels and Saints at the end of the World, will cast them down with thunder and lightning into that bottomless pit, there to remain for ever. Of the travels GIDEON. DEborah being dead, Zaeba and Zalmuna (Kings of the Medianites) cruelly invaded the Land of judaea; but the Lord taking compassion upon his People, sent them a helper, one GIDEON the son of joas, of the family of Abiezer, who was borne at Ophra or Ephron, a City in the Tribe of Manasses, not far from Mahanaim on the East side of jordan, some four and forty miles from jerusalem towards the North-East; and signifieth, a Rooter out; from GADA, That is, He hath rooted out. This man at the appointment of the Lord, took upon him the charge of the people, and at Ophra, which signifies, Dust, he destroyed the Idol Baal, pitching up in that place an Altar to the Lord: wherefore he was after called jeru-baal, taking that name from Revenge, because he had destroyed the Idol. He began to rule in Israel in the year of the World, 2672, and before Christ 1296. From Ophra Gideon went to Harad, which standeth in the half Tribe of Manasseth, where he blew the Trumpet. From this place he sent back 22000 of his army, because the Lord had so appointed. But the Midianites hearing of this preparation, provided a great host, and pitched in the valley of the hill Moreh: so Gideon taking only 300 with him, went over jordan, and came to the town of jesrael, (for josephus saith) 16 miles from Harod, where he gave the Midianites a wonderful overthrow, judg. 7. he also took there two princes, Oreb and Zeb, and returned to the river jordan, where he put them to death. From thence he went to Succoth with his army in expectation to have refreshed themselves, but the inhabitants shut him out of the town, and gave him many despiteful words. This town lay close by jordan, and here jacob sometime pitched his Tent. From thence he went to Penuel, which is two miles; there also they used him unkindly and gave him bad language. From thence he went to Nobach with his army, which is two miles. From thence he went to jagbetha, which is 4 miles, where he conquered Zaeba and Zalmuna, Kings of the Midianites, who thinking themselves secure, made no preparation for war, till they were besieged. This was a memorable battle, and here the two Kings were put to death. From thence he followed the enemy with a great slaughter to Carkor which is four miles. From thence he went back to Succoth, which is 8 miles: here he put the inhabitants of this Town to the sword, and all the Elders and Princes he tore to pieces with thorns, because they had formerly denied him entrance into the city. From thence he went to the Castle of Penuel, which is two miles, and utterly destroyed it, even to the ground, and put all the inhabitants to death because of their mocks. From thence he went to Ophra, four miles, where gathering together all the gold which he had taken from the Midianites, he made a rich Ephod, judg. 8. From Ophra he went to Sichem, where his son Abimalech was borne, which is 10 miles. From thence he returned back to Ophra, which is ten miles, and there he died, after he had judged Israel 10 years. So all the travels of Gedion were 82 miles. The Description of the Towns and places to which GEDION traveled. Of jesreel. IEsreel was a fair City situated upon a hill, near to the flood Kison, bordering upon the Tribe of Isacher, 48 miles from jerusalem towards the North; and signifieth the seed of God, being derived from El and Dara, the seed of the Almighty God. There was another of this name in the tribe of juda, Ios. 15. In times past this was only the seat and chief abiding place of the Kings of Israel. For Ahab and jesabel kept their Court there, and joram their son, whom jehu overcame: and here jesabel was eaten up of dogs. At this day this fair city hath in it but thirty houses; and is called by the inhabitants of the holy land Sanatham, being situated at the foot of the mountain Gilboah Westward: in it there is a Watch tower, upon the top whereof you may see through all Galilee to Carmel, and the mountains of Phoenicia, also to mount Thabor, and the mountains beyond jordan called Gilead. Of this Town you may read, Ios. 17.19. 2 Sam. 2. Of Nobach. THis was a city beyond jordan, and stood in the half Tribe of Manasses, 38 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. In times past it was called Kenah, but after, Nobach Prince of the half Tribe of Manasseh had conquered it, he called it Nobach, Num. 23. and signifieth, a Prophet, being derived of Nabah, or Nabach, he hath prophesied, or cried out. Of jogbeha. THis town was built by the children of Gad, and lies beyond jordan, 34 miles from jerusalem Northeastward, and taketh the name from the height of the place where it standeth; being derived from Gabah, which signifieth, it excelleth in height. Of this you may read, judg. 8. Numb. 32. Of Karkor. KArkor is a city in the half Tribe of Manasseh, and is situated beyond jordan, some forty miles distant from jerusalem Northeastward; and taketh the name from Kir, which signifies he hath destroyed, or subverted the walls, for here the two Kings Zeba and Zalmuna were taken. Saint jerom saith in his book de locis Hebraicis, That in his time it was a fair Town. The typical signification of GEDION. THis Gedion (whose name signifieth to root out) destroyed and subverted the enemies of the jews: so Christ hath destroyed the kingdom of Satan, and daily rooteth out all his impious and wicked members, which are enemies to his Church. The Travels of Abimalech the sixth judge of Israel. GEDION being dead, Abimalech his son went from Ophra to Sichem, which is ten miles, and there was chosen by the citizens to succeed his father in the government. From thence he went back to Ophra, which is ten miles, and there put to death his 70 brethren, all sons of Gedion, but by diverse concubines; for God permitted Bigamy, but did not command it. From Ophra he went ten miles into the land of Sichem, and there was chosen King, about the year of the World 2712. From Sichem (which was the seat of the kingdom) he went to Ophra being ten miles; there he judged Israel three years. After that, he went the third time back to the Sichemites, which is 10 miles; but they breaking promise with him, for very madness he caused the city to be destroyed, and salt to be sown in the place, that so ever after it might become barren, accursed, and unhabitable. From Sichem he went with his host to Thebets or Tebez, which is two miles, where he was mortally wounded by a woman that flung a stone upon him at the siege of that town, whereof he died, judg. 9 So all the Travels of Abimelech were 52 miles, Of Thebez. THis was distant from Sichem two miles Northward, and from jerusalem 38, it took the name from Bitzah, which signifieth, a deep pond. Abimelech took his name from an hereditary kingdom, or rather because he obtained the kingdom over Israel, after his father; and is as much to say, as, My father is a King; because good Princes differ little from good fathers: for Maelaech with the Hebrews signifieth a King; Malechah, a Queen, and Malchech, a kingdom. So that this name Abimelech properly signifieth, a King, or one that is a father of his people. Of the flight of jotham which was the brother of Abimelech. IOtham signifieth, a perfect and swift man, being derived from jatham, that is, perfect and swift. This man at such time as Abimilech put to death the rest of his brethren, to save his life fled to Mount Carizin, where he propounded the riddle mentioned, judg. 9 And after, from thence he went to Beerah, where he hide himself from the fury of Abimelech. All this was, 44 miles. Of Mount Gerizim. GErizim or Garizim was a mountain in the kingdom of the Samaritans, and extended itself in the longitude as fare as jericho near to mount Hebal. In these two mountains the blessings and the cursings were recited, of which more shall be said hereafter; and it taketh the name from the felling down of trees, being derived from Garaz, which signifieth, to cut or to fell down: here Christ spoke with the Samaritan, john 4. Of Beerah. BEerah was a Town in the Tribe of judah, ten miles from jerusalem Westward. near to this City judas Machabeus fought a memorable battle against Bacchides and others, whom he conquered. It taketh the name from a clear Well, being derived of Beer, that is, he hath made clear. Of Thola the seventh judge of Israel. In the 3 year of this man's rule, Hercules king of the Argives, (famous for his twelve labours) began to reign Macrob. lib. 1. THola takes his name from a red worm, or purple colour, which colour is proper to Princes. He succeeded Abimelech in the government of the jews, and began to rule An. must 2715. and 1253 years before Christ. His father's name was Puah of the Tribe of Issacher. He dwelled in Samir a city of Mount Ephraim, not far from jericho, twelve miles from jerusalem towards the North, and there he was buried, as you may see, Iosh. 15. Of jair the eighth judge of Israel. In the 10 year of this judge, An. must 2747 and before Christ 1221, Hercules died and Priamus king of Troy began his reign, which he lost forty years after. Jair succeeded Thola, & began his government in the year of the world, 2738, and 1230 years before Christ. He took his name from the singular worth and noble disposition that was in him. This jair was one of the tribe of Manasseh, he was lame of both his feet, and was a man of great estimation among the jews, for there were thirty Castles and Towns that were called after his name, judg. 10. Num. 32. Deut. 3. Ios. 13. 1 Chr. 1. He dwelled at Kamon a town in the Tribe of Gilead, some 48 miles from jerusalem towards the North-East. The travels of jeptha. IEptha was borne at Mizpah in the Land of Giliad, and being driven into exile by his brothers, he fled into the Land of Tob, 48 miles from jerusalem, judg. 11. From thence he returned to Mizpah, 48 miles, and there was chosen Prince, and began his government Anno mundi, 2760, and before Christ, 1208 years, judg. 11. From Mizpah he went with is army against the Ammonites to the City of Aroer, where he put them to flight, which is 26 miles, judg. 11. From Aroer he pursued the enemies to Minneth, which is 8 miles, judg. 11. From Minneth he went to the plain of the Vines, which is 24 miles, judg. 11. From Abel or the Plain of the Vines he went to Mizpah, where he offered his daughter for a sacrifice to the Lord, judg. 11. At that time he and the Ephramites got a memorable battle, in which were slain 22000, judg. 12. So all the Travels of jeptha were 322 miles. Of the Cities and places mentioned in his Travels. Of Thob or Tob. THob or Tob to which jeptha fled, is in the half tribe of Manasses beyond jordan, not far from the mountain of Antilibanus, 104 miles from jerusalem Northeastward: this was a very fair and plentiful country, and therefore called Thob, being derived from Thobah which signifieth, Good and Rare. Of Mizpah. MIzpha was a City in land of Gilead in the half Tribe of Manasses, 18 miles from jerusalem Northeastward, and signifieth a Watchtower, of Zaphah, to look out. In this town Gideon dwelled, and after him, Samuel. It was afterward destroyed by judas Macchabeus: you may read more of it, 1 Sam. 7.10. jer. 40.41. Iosh. 8. 1 Reg. 15. 2 Chr, 6. Nehem. 3. Of Aroer. THis was a city of the Moabites, beyond jordan, near the river Arnon, and fell to the tribe of Gad, Iosh. 12.13. Deut. 2. and takes the name from Turpentine, being derived from Arar, that is, He hath destroyed and rooted out; and was so called, because jeptha won a memorable battle near to this place, jud. 11. This is often mentioned in the Scriptures. There was another town of this name close by Damascus. Of Minueth. IN S. jeroms' time (40 years after Christ) this town was called Menneth of Mercury, which the Syrians call Meni, from Manah to distribute; being a town of Merchants which disperse their commodities here and there; and stood beyond jordan in the Tribe of Reuben, 32 miles from jerusalem toward the East. Of the Plain of Vines. Of this you may read more in the Travels of Balaam. Of the death of jeptha. THis jeptha was a famous Captain, and from thence took his name; for jepthach signifieth, To make him an open way with the sword, being derived of Patach, To open; and after he had judged Israel six years, died: the manner of whose death is diversely reported; some say, that because he performed not his vow effectually, therefore God strooke him with a grievous ulcer, so that as he was passing from city to city, in every place he left a member. Others say, that he died in the city of the Gileadites, and that in memory of his singular actions and noble exploits, which by God's especial aid he achieved, his body was cut into pieces, and into every city of Gilead a member sent, and there buried; which, as I take it, is the better opinion. Of Ebzan. EBzan was the tenth judge of Israel, and succeeded jepthah; he began his government in Anno mundi 2666, and before Christ 1402. He was a Bethlamite of the Tribe of judah; and as the Hebrews think, Boez, the grandfather of King David. he had thirty sons and thirty daughters, and lived to see them all married, and took them home unto him into his own family, (which doubtless was a great blessing of God) and from thence took his name; for Ibsan, or Abezan, signifieth, the father of a flock, or multitude. He lived, dwelled, and was buried in Bethlem juda, judg. 12. Of Elom. IN the year of the world 2773, and before Christ 1195. In the 5 year of this man's rule the Trojan war began, Ann. mundi 2777, before Christ 1190. Elon the eleventh judge of Israel began to rule, and dwelled in Aialon in the Tribe of Zabulon, who after he had governed ten years died, and was buried in the same town. There was another city of the same name in the Tribe of Dan, some four miles from jerusalem towards the West; where at the prayer of joshua the Sun stood still. Of Abdon. ABdon the twelfth judge of Israel succeeded Elon; In the 5 year of this man's rule Troy was taken. and began to rule Anno mundi 2782, and before Christ 1185. He dwelled in the Tribe of Ephraim in a mountain of the Amalakites, 16 miles from jerusalem Northwards. He ruled full eight years and then died, and was buried in Pirithon. Abdon signifieth, a servant: for he was a good Prince, but that in obeying others he lost himself. This Abdon was a great man, had forty sons, thirty of which he saw married; and for his greater honour, had his Chariot drawn with 70 Asses: for they used them as we do Horses. The travels of Samson. SAmpson was borne in the city of Zarea, & brought up in the Tents of Dan and Estahol, jud. 13. From thence he went to Timnah, which is twelve miles; there he fell in love with judah the daughter of a Philistine, judg. 14. From Timnah he went back to his father to Zarea, and revealed his affection; which is 12 miles. He and his father went back again to Timnah to see the maid, and by the way as he went he killed a Lion; which is twelve miles, judg. 14. From thence he returned back again, which is 12 miles, jud. 14. Within a while after, Sampson and his friends went again to Timnah, and by the way he found Honey in the Lion that he had slain, and gave it to his friends to eat; and when he came to the Philistines house he propounded the Riddle, whereof you may read, judg. 14. These things happened in Anno mundi 2791, and before Christ 1176, at which time he succeeded Abdon in the rule of the jews. From thence he went to Ascalon a city of the Philistines, and killed thirty of their men, and took away their garments; which is 24 miles. From thence he returned back again to Timnah, and delivered the Philistines which had unfolded the Riddle, those change of garments, judg. 14. From thence (being angry that his wife had disclosed the riddle) he returned to Zarea to his friends; which is 12 miles, jud. 14. Within a while after, when his anger was over, he returned back to his wife to Timnah, which is 12 miles, it being then wheat harvest, and carried with him a Goat, that so he might be merry, and be reconciled to her: but her father shut him out of doors (because he had married his wife to another man,) wherefore he took a company of Foxes, and tying them tail to tail, put firebrands to their tails, and turned them into the wheat of the Philistines, and they set fire of all the Wheat and Vines, and Olives thereabout, judg. 15. From thence he went to a cave in the rock Eta, and there dwelled, which is 12 miles, judg. 15. At the rock Eta Samson was bound with two new cords, by the Israelites, and from thence led to Ramah Lehi, which is six miles, where he killed 1000 Philistines with the jaw bone of an Ass, that he found in the way. From thence he went to Gaza a city of the Philistines, which is 42 miles: here he carried away the gates of the city. From Gaza he carried these gates with the posts to the top of a hill near Hebron, which is 20 miles, judg. 16. From Hebron he went to the river Sorecke, where he dwelled with Dalilah the Harlot, and by her was deceived and taken of the Philistines, which are 12 miles. Being taken of the Philistines he put out both his eyes, and bound him in chains, and led him from thence to Gaza, which is 32 miles: there they brought him into the house of their god Dagon, to make them sport; but he pulled down the house, & a multitude of them were slain, where he also died, and was buried in the Sepulchre of Manoah his father, between Zerea and Esthaol, 28 miles from Gaza, and almost 20 from jerusalem towards the West. This was in the year of the World 1811, and before Christ, 1157. So all the Travels of Samson were 240 miles. The description of the several Towns and places to which SAMSON traveled. Of Zarea. THis is a city in the tribes of juda and Dan, near the river Soreck, and taketh the name from a Coal or Leprosy; being derived of Sarag, that is, He was Leprous: it stood 18 miles from jerusalem Westward. Of Esthaol. THis was a Town in the Tribe of Dan, two miles from Zarea, and stood near the River Sorecke, some 20 miles from jerusalem towards the West; and taketh the name from a Woman, and Fortitude; for Isca signifieth a woman, and El, or Ol, strong, or powerful. Here Samson was brought up. In S. jeroms' time this was called Asto, not fare from whence Samson lieth buried. Of Timnah. You may read of this in the travels of judah. Of Ascalon. THis was a city of the Philistines, situated upon the shore of the Mediterranean sea, some 30 miles from jerusalem Westward, and to this day retaineth the figure of half a circle: it taketh the name from an ignominious fire, being derived of Esh and Kalon, an ignominious light. Of Gaza. Of this Town you may read in the travels of joshuah. Of the River Sorek. THis was a very pleasant river, upon the bank whereof grew great plenty of Vines and Palms, from whence it seemeth to have taken the name; for Sorek in Hebrew signifieth, a Myrtle branch, which bringeth forth a pleasant berry whereof excellent Wine is made. It takes the beginning at a fountain in the tribe of juda, some 12 miles from jerusalem towards the West, where there is a very fertile valley, in which Dalilah that betrayed Samson dwelled: and from thence it runneth through the land of the Philistines, and falleth into the Mediterranean sea. Of the rock Eta. IN this rock there was a cave wherein Samson dwelled, as in a strong tower: it stood in the Tribe of juda, near to the river Sorecke, 12 miles from jerusalem toward the West, and seemeth to take the name from Fowls; for before that Samson inhabited there, a multitude of fowls bred upon it, and therefore it was called Eta; for Aith signifies, a Fowl. This rock growing to decay, was repaired again by jerobaham that idolatrous King of Israel. Of Samson. SAmpson, or Schimpson, according to the Hebrew text, taketh his name from the Sun: for Schaemaes in Hebrew signifieth the Sun, and seemeth to have some affinity with Hercules, which signifieth, The glory of the air, for what can be said to be the glory of the air, but the Light of the Sun, without which it would become exceeding dark? wherefore as some think, this Samson was the true Hercules; and those noble exploits that he did, the Grecians attributed to their Hercules. The typical signification of SAMSON. HE typically representeth Christ diverse ways; first, in his person, he was a mighty man; secondly, in his profession, he was a Nazarite; thirdly, in his calling, he was a Prince and judge; fourthly, in his manner of living, for he went from place to place, to revenge himself upon the enemies of God's people the children of Israel; and in his death: even so our Saviour Christ is that strong man, who being mightier than the Devil, hath dispossessed him of his tyrannical jurisdiction over the souls of mankind; hath taken away those gates of death, by his mercy opening unto us the door of life, that so being set at liberty from that hellish imprisonment, we may be made partakers of everlasting happiness: he was also a Nazarite even from his mother's womb, borne and bred there, tying himself to a vow of bondage, that we might be made free: he is a Prince for ever, and a Priest after the order of Melchisadeck: during the continuance of his life in this veil of misery, his chiefest actions were to go from place to place, to teach, to do good, and to rescue and relieve the poor distressed members of the Church, who lay miserably afflicted under the hands of Satan; healing some, relieving others, and bringing a third sort into the state of grace: so that as Samson delivered the Israelites from the bondage of the Philistines; Christ our Prince and judge delivereth his from the slavery of Satan: by his death saving more souls, than in his life. And thereby pulling down the strong buildings (the temptations of Satan) hath laid them level with the ground, that they shall never be restored again. And lastly, after this life ended, he shall be our Prince and judge, and bring us to that place of promise prepared for us in his everlasting kingdom. The travels of the Spies of the Danites. SHortly after the death of Samson, the Spies of the Danites went from Zarea and Eastaol to mount Ephraim, to the house of Michah, which is 24 miles, judg. 18. From thence they went to Lais, which is a hundred and four miles, judg. 18. From thence they returned to Zarea and Esthaol, which is 126 miles, judg. 18. So all their travels were 244 miles. Of Lais. LAis was a city situated at the foot of mount Libanus, some 104 miles from jerusalem towards the North; and was sometimes called Belenus: this, because it stood so fare from aid, was quickly conquered by the Danites, and by them utterly destroyed: it signifieth, a roaring or devouring Lion. But after being rebuilt by the Danites, they called it Dan, and the Canaanites l●sem Dan: being derived of Laeschaem, which signifieth, a Lion. The travels of the Danites. THe army of the Danites went from Zarea and Esthaol to Kiriathiearim, and there pitched their tents, which is 16 miles, judg. 15. From thence they went to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micha, and took his carved Image and his Levite from him, which was eight miles, judges 15. From thence they went to Lais, 104 miles. So all the Travels were 128 miles. Of Kiriath-jearim. KIriath-jearim was a city of the Levits in the tribe of juda, upon the borders of the tribe of Benjamin, about a mile from jerusalem Westward. It sometime belonged to the Gibeonites, Ios. 9 and signifies a city of the desert or woods; being derived from Kiriah, which signifies a city, and jaar, a wood or Forest. Here stood the ark of the Covenant, after it had been in the land of the Philistines seven months, and stood in the house of Abinadab, whose son Eliazer (because he was of the family of the Levites) by consent of the children of Israel was consecrated priest thereof to attend and keep it: here it remained 48 years, till David fetched it thence with great joy, 1 Sam. 7. & 2 Sam. 6. 1 Chr. 14. Here Saul was anointed King by Samuel: here the company of the Prophets (that is, the scholars of the Wise) came down from the more eminent places where the ark of God was, with holy songs and instruments of music, and the Spirit of the Lord came upon Saul, and he sung and praised God with them. They called this the Hill of God, because the Ark of the Covenant stood in it, 1 Sam, 10. Here jonathan the son of Saul thrust out a garrison of the Philistimes, which held this town in subjection, 1 Sam. 14. near to this place was the valley Rephaim or of the Giants; where David won a memorable battle against the Philistines, and pursued them with great slaughter even to the plain of Perizim, 2 Sam. 15. The Travels of the Levite, whose Concubine the Inhabitants of Gibeon most wickedly abused. THis Levite dwelled in Ramath in mount Ephraim, from whence he went to Bethlehem juda, which is 16 miles, to fetch back his concubine, or rather his wife; which was the daughter of a certain citizen in Bethlehem; but a bond servant not free; such they called concubines, because they had neither the honour to be mistress of the house, neither could their posterity inherit in lands or goods of their father, although before God they were lawful wives, judg. 19 From Bethlehem they returned back again on foot to jerusalem, which then was called jebus, because the jebusits inhabited there. Which is 6 miles, judg. 19 From thence they went to Gibeah, not far distant from the city Gibeon, where after Saul kept his Royal seat, 1 Sam. 22. Here the Gibeonites abused the Levits' concubine. Which was almost 4 miles. From thence he went home to his own city Ramath in Mount Ephraim, and there cut the dead body of his wife in 12 parts, and sent them throughout all the tribes of Israel. Which is 8 miles. So all his travels were 34 miles. Of Ramath. THis was a city in Mount Ephraim, some 8 miles from jerusalem toward the North, and signifieth a high and lofty City; being derived of Rom, that is, It was high. This town Baësa King of Israel would have fortified and repaired, after it had been decayed; but he was hindered by Benhadad King of the Syrians, that he could not finish what he had begun. There were many towns and Cities of this name; as Ramoth where Ahab dwelled, 1 Reg. 22. Ramathaim Sophim, or Arimathia, where the prophet Samuel dwelled, 1 Sam. 1. and there where the Ark of God stood, not far from Gibeah, was called Ramah also, judg. 19 There was another Ramath in the tribe of Nepthali, Ios. 19 all of them being so called because they stood upon very high mountains. The Travels of the Children of Israel when they fought against the Benjamites. FRom Mizpah in the land of Gilead, where they appointed to meet (for in the enemy's land they could not assemble themselves) the whole army of the Israelites went to the Ark of God in Shilo, which was about 48 miles. From thence they went with their army to Gibeah, where they lost 22000 of their men, which is 2 miles. From thence they returned to Shilo, and entreated God for aid which was two miles, judg. 20. From thence they went the second time to Gibeah, and entered battle again with the enemy; but because they trusted in their own strength, therefore in this second expedition there were slain 18000 of their men. Which was two miles, judg. 20. From thence the whole Army of the Israelites returned back again, and before the Lord in Shilo lamented the overthrow they had twice sustained, and with earnest prayers implored his aid, that they might obtain the victory. Which was 2 miles, jud. 20. From thence they returned the third time to Gibeah, & there with great expedition renewed the war; & because they trusted in God, and not to their own strength, they put to the sword 25000 of the Benjamits, and won a notable victory, judg. 20. which was 2 miles. Having taken and burnt the city of Gibeah with fire, they returned back unto the town of Shilo, which is two miles: & there before the Lord they began to lament the calamity of the tribe of Benjamin, saying, Wherefore hath this thing happened, that one of the Tribes should be rooted out before thee, judg. 21. From thence they went to jabes in Gilead, and besieged and took it, and destroyed it to the ground, which is 52 miles. From thence they returned back again to Shilo, & with them brought 400 maids, which they gave to the Benjamites to be their wives, judg. 21. Which was 52 miles. So all the travels of the children of Israel were 164 miles. Of jabes. THis was a city in the land of Gilead, 52 miles from jerusalem toward the North-east; the inhabitants whereof buried the bones of Saul and jonathan his son, 1 Sam. 31. it is derived of jabesh, which signifieth a dry city. Here endeth the book of JUDGES. The travels of ELIMELECH, and his wife NAOMI. ELIMELECK and his wife went from Bethlehem juda, into the Land of the Moabites, where he died, which is 40 miles. From thence she returned with her daughter in law Ruth, to Bethlehem juda, where Boez married Ruth, which was forty miles. So their Travels were 80 miles. The first Book of SAMVEL. The Travels of HANNA, the mother of the Prophet SAMVEL. HEr husband Elkana and she went from Ramathaim Sophim in mount Ephraim, to Shilo, the house of the Lord, which was 12 miles; where by earnest prayers she obtained of the Lord a son, 1 Sam. 1. From thence she returned back again to Ramathaim Sophim, and there Samuel was borne, 1 Sam. 1. which was 12 miles. From thence she went to Shilo, to present her son before the Lord, and he remained therewith Eli to serve God all his life, 1 Sam. 1. which is 12. miles. From Shilo she returned back again to her house, and bare Elkana a son and two daughters more, which is 12 miles. So all her travels were 48 miles. Of Ramathaim Sophim. THis City stood in mount Ephraim not far from Lidda and joppa, some 16 miles distant from jerusalem Northeastward; and was sometimes called Ramah. Here joseph (whose addition was Arimathia) dwelled, that demanded the body of our Saviour to bury in his own sepulchre. It seemeth to be called Ramathaim Sophim (which signifies, the high places of the prophets) because there was an Academy or public school of Prophets which served for the whole land, in this city. At this day it is called by the name of Ramath, having some affinity to the ancient name Ramah. How the Ark of God was borne from place to place, after it was won from the children of Israel by the Philistines, 1 Sam. 4.5.6. THe two sons of Eli the Priest, Hophney and Phineas, carried the Ark of the Lord to Ebenezer, which signifies, the stone of my help; which was 42 miles, and is not far from Aphec, some 48 miles from jerusalem Northward. Here the Ark of God was taken, and Hophney and Phineas died: old Eli also broke his neck at this time, about the 98 year of his age, and the fortieth of his rule; for he ruled from the time of Samson until then, 1 Sam. 4. This happened Anno mundi 2850, and before Christ 1117. The prophet Samuel succeeded him in the government of the church, and ruled 40 years. From Aphecke the Philistines carried it to Asdod or Azotus, and set it in the temple of their god Dagon, but the Idol fell down in the night, & was broken to pieces before the Ark of the Lord, 1 Sam. 4. which was 160 miles. From thence to the city Gath, which was 4 miles. From Gath to the sea town Gaza, 12 miles. From Gaza to Ekron, 32 miles. From Ekron, they placing it upon a new cart drawn with two new milch Kine, it was brought back again to Bethsemes, which was 12 miles. From thence it was carried to Kiriath jearim, and placed in the house of Abinadab, where it was kept until David's time, who fetched it thence to jerusalem with great joy, about the year of the world 2900, and before Christ 1068, which was two miles. So all the while the Ark was from Shilo, it was carried hither and thither some 276 miles. ¶ Of the Towns and places to which the Ark of the Lord was carried Of Aphek. THis was a city of Samaria, allotted to the half tribe of Manasses, some half a mile from Israel toward the South, and 44 miles from jerusalem Northward. It signifieth an impetuous or violent act; being derived of Aphak, which is as much as, He worketh violently, or offereth violence. In this city Benhadad king of the Syrians going from one place to another to hide himself, was at length constrained to fly to Ahab King of Israel, to save his life and crave his aid, 1 Reg. 20. Of Asdod, Ascalon, and Gaza, you may read before. Of Gath. THis was a haven town situated upon the banks of the Mediterranean sea, distant from jerusalem 34 miles toward the West. It seemeth to take the name of the abundance of Vines that grow thereabouts; for Gath signifieth a press, or such an instrument wherewith grapes are pressed. This was Goliahs' country. Here Achis, to whom David fled, governed, 1 Sam. 21.27. and it is very like that all the Kings of this city were called Achis, as sometime the Emperors of Rome were called Caesar's. There were other Kings of the Philistines that were also called by this name. Of Ekron. THis also was a city of the Philistines not far from the Mediterranean sea, and near to Asdod, some 16 miles from jerusalem Westward. At this day it is but a small town, and called by the name of Accaron, having some affinity with the ancient name Ekron. The inhabitants of this town worshipped Baalzebub for their god. It taketh the name from Extirpation, or such a town as Penitus distruit, Hath rooted out even the foundation; being derived of Akar, which signifieth, To extirpate. Of Bethsemes. THis was a city of the Levits in the tribe of juda, Ios. 15.21. 4 miles from jerusalem Westward; and signifies, the house of the Sun. Of this you may read more, before. The Travels of the Prophet Samuel. samuel's mother brought him from Arimathia to Shilo, being 12 miles, where he was to serve the Lord God all his life. From Shilo Samuel went to Mizpa in the land of Gilead; 48 miles. Here Samuel called a congregation, and made a solemn sacrifice unto the Lord, of a sucking lamb; and the Lord at the same time thundered from heaven, and dispersed the army of the Philistines, so that they fled, 1 Sam. 7. From Mizpa he went to Arimathia, 56 miles: There he dwelled, and built an altar unto the Lord, 1 Sam. 7. From thence he went yearly to Bethel, 16 miles, 1 Sam. 7. From Bethel he went to Gilgal, 2 miles, 1 Sam. 7. From Gilgal he went to Mizpa in the land of Gilead, 36 miles 1 Sam. 7. From Mizpa he went again to Arimathia, 56 miles. Thither came unto him the Elders of the children of Israel, desiring him to choose them a King, 1 Sam. 8. Therefore he went out of the town of Arimathia, about 16 miles, to Ramath, which lieth in the land of Ziph not far from Bethlehem Euphrata, and there Samuel anointed Saul the son of Kish to be their King, 1 Sam. 10. From Ramath he went to Gilgal, 16 miles. There he offered, and shown Saul what he should do, 1 Sam. 10. From Gilgal he went to Mizpah in the land of Gilead, 36 miles: there Saul by casting of lots was chosen King, 1 Sam. 10. From Mizpa he returned to Arimathia, 56 miles, 1 Sam. 10. From Arimathia he went to Beseck, about 44 miles, where Adoni-Beseck was taken, whose fingers and toes the children of Israel cut off. There Samuel and Saul caused an army of men to issue out against the children of Ammon, 1 Sam. 11. From Besecke, Samuel and Saul passed over jordan to jabes in Gilead, 16 miles, and there overthrew Nahas King of the Ammonites, and all his host; which done, Samuel said unto the soldiers, Let us now go unto Gilgal, and there renew the Kingdom. From jabes in Gilead he went to Gilgal, 36 miles. There Saul was placed in his Throne royal, 1 Sam. 11. From Gilgal Samuel went to Arimathia, which is 20 miles. From Arimathia he went again to Gilgal, 20 miles, and there he sharply rebuked King Saul, because he had offered a Sacrifice contrary to his command, 1 Sam. 13. From Gilgal he went to Gibeon, 12 miles, 1 Sam. 13. From Gibeon he went to Arimathia, 12 miles. From Arimathia he went to Gilgal, 20 miles; there rebuked king Saul, because he did not wholly destroy the Amalekites; and Samuel himself hewed the body of Agag King of the Amalekites in pieces, 1 Sam. 16. From Gilgal he went to Arimathia, 20 miles. From Arimathia he went to Bethlehem, 16 miles, and there he anointed David King, 1 Sam. 16. Then he returned again to Arimathia, 16 miles, where he died and was buried, 1 Sam. 28. So all the travels of the Prophet Samuel were 364 miles. Of Arimathia, Mizpa, Ramath, and the rest of the towns mentioned in his Travels, you may read before. The Typical signification of Samuel. SAmuel is derived of Shemuel, that is, desired of God. And was a Type of God the Father: for as Samuel anointed David, so God anointed his beloved Son with the oil of Gladness and of the Spirit, Psal. 45. Esay 61. The Travels of King SAUL. SAUL went from the town of Gibeon to mount Ephraim, four miles, to seek his father's Asses, in An. Mundi 2870, and before Christ 1908. From mount Ephraim he passed through the land of Salisa, to the borders of the town of Salem, 12 miles. From Salem he went to the land of Gemini in the tribe of Benjamin, 16 miles. From the land of jemini he went to Rama, 4 miles; there by Samuel he was anointed King, 1 Sam. 10. This town lay not fare from Bethlehem, and close by it lay Rachel's grave. There certain men met with Saul in the borders of Benjamin at Zelach, and shown him that his father's Asses were found, which was about a mile from jerusalem. From thence Saul went about two miles to Zilzah; there three men met him (that traveled to Bethel) and gave him two loaves of bread, 1 Sam. 10. Then he came to the mount of God, which is the town of Kiriath-jearim; there a company of Prophets met him and prophesied; then the spirit of God came upon Saul, and he began to prophesy: which was about six miles from Bethlehem. From Kiriath-jearim he went again to Gibeon, which is four miles, 1 Sam. 10. Then he went again from Gibeon to Gilgal, and there he offered, and Samuel shown him what he should do: which is 12 miles, 1 Sam. 10. From Gilgal he went to Mizpa in the land of Gilead, 36 miles where he was chosen King. From Mizpa he went again to Gibeon, 48 miles. From Gibeon he went to Beseck, 40 miles; there he gathered certain soldiers and led them against Nahas King of the Ammonites, 1 Sam. 11. From Beseck he went with his army to jabes, 16 miles; there he overthrew Nahas with all his host. From jabes in Giliad he went to Gilgal, 36 miles. There he was placed in his princely seat, 1 Sam. 11. From Gilgal he went to Michmas, 4 miles: there he sent 3000 men out of Israel, to his son jonathan to Gibeon. From Michmas he went to Gilgal with his army, 4 miles. There he offered, for which Samuel rebuked him, 1 Sam. 13. From Gilgal he went to Mount Benjamin, about 12 miles, not far from Gibeon. From Gibeon he went to Michmas, 8 miles. There jonathan overcame the army of the Philistines, 1 Sam. 14. From Michmas Saul followed the enemy to Ajalon, 12 miles. There he would have slain his son jonathan because he had eaten a little honey, 1 Sam. 14. From Ajalon he went to Gibeon, 4 miles, where he kept court From Gibeon he went to the land of the Moabites, 28 miles; which he overcame, 1 Sam. 14. From the land of the Moabites he went into the country of Ammonites, 40 miles; which country he overcame, and took in all their towns. From the land of the Ammonits' he went to Gibeon, 60 miles, 1 Sam. 15. From Gibeon he went into the land of Edom, or Idumaea (as it is commonly called) 40 miles, and overcame all the country. From Idumaea he returned again to Gibeon, 40 miles. From Gibeon he went with an army about 600 miles, to Zoba in Armenia, which he overcame, 1 Sam. 14. From the kingdom of Zoba he returned to Gibeon, 600 miles. After that, he went out against the Philistines, 12 miles, and as the history showeth, Saul had wars with the Philistines during his life, 1 Sam. 14. From the Philistines he returned again to Gibeon unto his palace, 12 miles. From Gibeon he went into the wilderness of Sur, 160 miles; there he overcame the Amalekites, 1 Sam. 15. Also he overcame the whole country, from the town of Peluso to the red sea, which is 92 miles. From thence he went again into jury, to the town of Carmel, 140 miles, 1 Sam. 15. And from thence he went unto Gilgal, 32 miles. There the Prophet Samuel rebuked him, because he did not wholly destroy and consume the Amalekites: and there Samuel hewed the body of Agag King of the Amalekites into small pieces, 1 Sam. 15. From Gilgal he went to Gibeon, 12 miles. In the 11 year of Saul, An. M. 2881, and before Christ 1807, David being then about 20 years of age, was anointed King by Samuel. Within a while after, Saul was vexed with an evil spirit: then David played unto him upon the harp, by which he was eased. Soon after he went forth with his Army towards Socho and Asecha, which was some 8 miles distant from Gibeah. There David killed that famous champion Goliath, 1 Sam. 15. From thence the Israelites followed the chase of the Philistines to the valley and river Soreck, 4 miles; and thence unto the gates of their cities, that is, to Ekron, which is eight miles; to Ascalon, 20 miles; * From the place where David killed Goliath. and to Gath, which was 24 miles, all the way putting the Philistines to the sword. So that there died in this fight 30000 of them, 1 Sam. 17. Then they returned back again, and spoiled and burnt the Philistines tents, where they found great riches. 24 miles. From Socho and Aseka he returned again to Gibeon, 8 miles: there the women came out of all places in the town dancing, and with loud voices singing, Saul hath slain a thousand, but David ten thousand, 1 Sam. 18. From Gibeon he went to Arimathia, 2 miles, minding to kill David; and came to Naioth in Ramoth, where Samuel and David were: but the spirit of God came upon Saul, and he prophesied, falling down upon the ground before Samuel and David, all that day and the nightensuing, 1 Sam. 19 From thence he returned again to Gibeon, 12 miles: there he thought to have killed his son jonathan with a spear, because he excused David. There also he caused 85 priests to be put to death because the high priest Abimilech at Nob had given David of the Show bread to eat, and had delivered him Goliahs' sword, 1 Sam. 21.22. From Gibeon he went to the levitical town Nob, 12 miles, where he spared neither man nor woman, young nor old, no not the innocent children, but put them all to the sword, and wholly destroyed the town, 1 Sam. 12. From the town of Nob he returned to Gibeon, 12 miles. From Gibeon he went to the wilderness of Moan Southward, 20 miles. From the wilderness of Moan he returned again to Gibeon, 1 Sam. 23. which was 24 miles. From Gibeon he went to Engedi, where David in a cave cut off a piece of his garment, which was 24 miles, 1 Sam. 24. From thence he teturned again to Gibeon, 24 miles. From Gibeon he went to Ziph, 22 miles, and as he lay asleep upon the hill Hachila, David came secretly into the Camp, and took his cup and his spear from his head, and would not kill him, 1 Sam. 26. From the hill Hachila he returned unto Gibea, 22 miles. From thence he went to fight with the Philistines at mount Gilboa, 40 miles. From mount Gilboa, having changed his apparel, he went to Endor, which was 4 miles: There he asked counsel of a witch, and the Devil appeared unto him in the likeness of Samuel, 1 Sam. 28 From thence he returned again to mount Gilboa to the camp 4 miles, and the next day he fought against the Enemy, in which battle his three sons were slain, and he himself put to flight, 1 Sam. 31. 1 Chr. 11. From mount Gilboa he fled 8 miles to Bethsan, where he killed himself, 1 Sam. 31. 1 Chr. 11. From thence the body of Saul was brought to jabes in Gilead, where it was buried, 2 Sam. 31. 1 Chr. 11. So all the travels of Saul were 2428 miles. The description of the towns and places to which he traveled. OF Gibea, Salem, Ramath, and jabes, you may read before, being memorable places to which Abraham, joshuah, and the children of Israel traveled. Of Bethsaliza. THe land of Salisa, with the city Bethsaliza, was situated in mount Ephraim 8 miles from jerusalem toward the Northwest. This was also called Baalsalisa, 2. King. 4. and signifieth the Trinity, being derived of Schillesch, to make threefold. Of Michmas. THis was a city in mount Ephraim, in the borders of the tribes of Benjamin and Manasses, not far from jericho, some ten miles from jerusalem towards the North. Near to this City, jonathan and his armour bearer put the army of the Philistines to flight, 1. Sam. 14. you may read of this town in Esd. 2. Isa. 10. This was a strong city of the Moabites, and seemeth to take the name of Kemosch, or Chamos, which was a god which they worshipped in their banquets & meetings for mirth: as Bacchus sometime was amongst the Romans. To this Idol Solomon built a temple, 1. Reg. 11. jer. 48. Of Zoba. THe Kingdom of Zoba, which josephus calleth Sophenam, was in Armenia, near to the mountains Antitaurus and Masius, 600 miles from jerusalem towards the North, extending itself on both sides of the River Euphrates. It was a very large fruitful and pleasant country, wherein inhabited many Kings. This place Saul conquered, & David retained it, 1 Sam. 14. 2 Sam. 8. And signifies An aspiring Kingdom; being derived of Zabah, He hath aspired. Of Carmel. CArmel was a City in the tribe of judah, situated in a fertile mountain some eight miles from Hebron toward the East, but twelve miles from jerusalem towards the South-west, in the wilderness of Moan, where that foolish and covetous fellow Nabal dwelled. There is likewise another Town called by the same name in the tribe of Issacher, not fare from Ptolomais, which is upon the shore of the Mediterranean sea, 64 miles from jerusalem toward the North, standing upon a promontory which extendeth itself into the Ocean; of which you may read, Ios. 19 jer. 46. In this city the Prophets Elias and Elizeus dwelled, who put the Priests of Baal to death in that place, 1 Reg. 18. 2 Reg. 4. Carmel signifieth Spike, or a fertile field bringing forth Vines, herbs, and diverse kinds of flowers and fruits; and is oft times used for a pleasant place, Esay 29.32.37. jer. 24. There are a sect of Monks that of this mountain are called Carmelits, who built for themselves an Abbey there close by the Church of S. Mary's, about the year of the world 5170, and in the year of our Lord 1170. Of Azekah. AZekah and Socho were two towns in the Tribe of judah, eight miles from jerusalem towards the South-west. Of these you may read before. Of Nobe or Nob. THis was a City of the Priests in the Tribe of Benjamin, where Abimelech Highpriest of the Israelites dwelled. Who at such time as David fled from Saul, he gave him of the Shewbread, and the Sword that he took from Goliath. For the which cause Saul commanded fourscore and five Priests to be slain, and the City with all the Inhabitants thereof to be put to the sword, 1 Sam. cap. 22. At this day (as Bernard Brittenbacchus saith) it is called Bethenopolis, and is in the way between jerusalem (from whence it is distant some sixteen miles towards the North-east) & Dyospolim. It taketh the name from Naba, which signifieth, He hath prophesied. Of this you may read, 1 Sam. 20.21, 22. and Esay 10. Of Maon. THis was a town in the wilderness of judaea, some 24 miles from jerusalem Southward, near Ziph and Carmel, where Saul had besieged David and all his men, and would have either put them to the sword, or taken them captives. But the Philistines on a sudden invaded the land, so that Saul was constrained to leave the siege to oppose their incursions. It taketh the name from a fruitful habitation and a firm and safe mansion, 2 Sam. 23 Ios. 15. Of Engedi. THis was a castle or town situated in a mountain near to the shore of the Dead sea, a little beyond Sodom, six miles from jerusalem toward the North-east, and in the tribe of judah, Ios. 15. In times past it was a fruitful place both of vines & other fruits: there also grew a kind of balsam. But Cleopatra in the time of Mark Anthony brought the roots of it into Egypt, and there made a pleasant garden, where now Christians inhabit. There are yet some small stalks here and there of this Balsam to be found upon this hill Engedi, but the Saracens do not regard it, neither dwell any Christians near to dress it, so that it groweth to decay. Engedi signifieth the fountain or well of a Goat or Lamb. These mountains are very high, and of a wonderful nature; in some places great ragged rocks appearing, in others plain and fruitful valleys: insomuch as they are fearful and horrible to strangers that behold them. Of Ziph. THis was a Town in the Desert of Ziph, placed in a certain mountain not fare from Hebron, in the Tribe of judah, some 22 miles from jerusalem towards the North-east, Iosh. 15. Unto this desert (near to this city) David oft times resorted, and at last was betrayed by the inhabitants of this town. It seemeth that the Town and Wilderness took that name of the abundance of pitch that was found in it; for Zaephaeth in Hebrew signifieth Pitch. Of Gilboa. THis was a mountain in the tribe of Manasse, near to Sichem and Apheck, 40 miles from jerusalem towards the North; it extendeth 8 miles to the city Bethsan, and two miles towards the North to mount Hermon. It seems to take the name from the bubbling forth or springing up of water: for the river Kison gins at the foot of this mountain, and divides itself into diverse parts until it cometh to the hill Hermon, and then it runs into two principal streams, the one passeth toward the East into the sea of Galilee; the other to the West towards Carmel, and so into the Mediterranean sea. There be some that are of opinion, that neither rain nor dew falls upon this hill, because when Saul was slain David cursed these mountains, saying, Let neither rain nor dew fall upon you, o ye mountains of Gilboa, because the strong men of Israel were slain there, 2 Sam. 1. But this was but a figurative speech, whereby David would express the greatness of his sorrow: for Borchardus the Monk speaking of this mountain, saith, That as he was ascending upon it, there was such a violent shower fell, that he was wet through his clothes, and the waters in great abundance ran into the valleys. And in the year of our Lord 1283, sleeping upon this hill on the Eve of All Saints, there was a great dew fell upon his clothes: only some parts of it were very stony and barren, as are many other mountains in that country. Of Endor. THis was a town in the tribe of Manasses, near the river Kison, Ios. 17. where Saul asked counsel of a witch, 1 Sam. 28. It seems to take the name from a fountain of durance; for Dor signifies he hath made sure. It is distant from jerusalem 44 miles toward the North. In S. jeroms' time this was but a small village. Of Bethsan. THis was a city in the Tribe of Manasses, between Bethulia and the sea of Galilee, some 44 miles from jerusalem toward the North, Iosh. 17. It taketh the name from a Churchyard, or a place of rest: for Beth signifieth, a house; and jaschan, he hath slept. Here Saul killed himself, and the Philistines cut off his head and set it upon the wall of this city. Afterward, about S. jeroms' time, Ptolemy called this Scythopolis. You may read in the second book of the Macchabees, how it was the town of the Scythians; for the Scythians which dwelled some 800 miles from jerusalem towards the North, came with a great army into the Holy land, and by force won this city, and dwelled there: of whom it was called the Scythian town. joseph. in lib. 2. de Bell. jud. cap. 18. remembreth a strange accident that happened near this town; for the jews besieging it, there were of their own nation that dwelled within the city, who (that they might make a private gain) took wages of the Scythians, to oppose their brethren and countrymen: by which means the Scythians got the better. But after a while, the Scythians considering that the number of the jews were great, and fearing some sudden insurrection or innovation, gave them warning to departed and leave the town: they, though with great grief, as being pressed with a twofold necessity, (their own wants and the hatred of their kindred) did so, relying merely upon the courtesy of strangers. But about some two days after, in the night time the inhabitants of Scythopolis breaking out of the city unawares, fell upon them, and in recompense of their kindness put to the sword some thirteen thousand: many slain unawares, some as they were eating, and most in their sleep. After they had committed this massacre, they compassed about the wood where they were, took away all their substance, and suffered not a man to departed alive. Wherefore one Simon the soon of a certain ancient and noble Citizen, called Saul, perceiving their present misery, and that there was no hope to escape imminent death and utter ruin, in a cruel and desperate manner, breaks out into these words: O miserable wretch that I am, that against my own conscience have lift up these impious hands against my country, committing daily massacres to pleasure them, who at this day lay violent hands upon all we have; die therefore, thou that art thus profane, and with thine own hands make an end of thy wretched life, since thou dost not deserve to die honourably in the face of the enemy, but wretchedly in a corner, and for thine own offence. So soon as he had ended these words, he turned him about with a fierce countenance, and falling upon his father, mother, wife, and children, put them all to the sword; after, burned his goods; and to make an end of the tragedy, ran himself upon his own weapon. These things happened but a little before Vespasian came into the land of judaea. At this day this City Sythopolis is called after the ancient name Bethsan. The typical representation of SAUL. Soul if it be properly taken, doth sometime signify, a Grave or Sepulchre, and sometimes Hell; being derived from Schevol, which may be taken for both. As therefore Saul persecuted innocent David, with an inveterate malice, even unto the death; so the sons of Satan (evil and wicked men) persecute Christ and his members, with an immoveable malice, sparing neither Prophets nor Apostles, neither such as are religious, no nor Christ himself; but with cruel torments put them to linger deaths, till they be utterly exryrpate (as they think:) and then wanting objects to satisfy their savage minds, they follow their own devilish counsels, till with Saul they come to desperate ends. Schaul, or Saul, if it be taken in the better part, signifieth, He hath desired, or called. The Philistines travels from their Camp to Michmas. THe Philistines encamped themselves at Michmas, upon Mount Ephraim, some ten miles from jerusalem Northward: and out of the Philistines camp there issued three armies to spoil the country. The one marched towards Ophra, and went from Michmas to Salem, 28 miles. From thence they went to Ophra, 4 miles. The second went from Michmas to Bethoron, 8 miles. The third went from Michmas to the valley of Zeboim, eight miles. So all the Travels of the Philistines were 58 miles. Of Zoboim. THis valley is not fare from jerusalem in the Tribe of Benjamin, Nehem. 11. The travels of jonathan, saul's son. IOnathan went from Gibeah to Kiriath-jearim, which was two miles, where he drove the Philistines out of their camp, 1 Sam. 13. From thence he went back again, two miles. From thence he went to Michmas, which is 8 miles, and there by the help of his Armor-bearer he gave the Philistines a great overthrow, 1 Sam. 14. From thence he followed the enemy to Aialon, which is 12 miles; there his father would have put him to death because he had tasted a little honey, 1 Sam. 14. From Aialon Saul and his son jonathan returned to Gibeah his own city, which was two miles. From Gibeah he went with his father to Socho and Asecha, which was 8 miles: where after David had slain Goliath (for that singular virtue and heroical spirit which jonathan saw in him) he loved him as he did his own soul, and preferred him before his own life and honour, 1 Sam. 18. From thence he went with his father to Gibeah, some 8 miles, where women with great mirth & joy met him, saying, Saul hath slain his thousand, and David his ten thousand: for which cause Saul out of mere envy (for then he did not know that he had been anointed by Samuel) would have slain him and his son jonathan also for excusing him, 1 Sam. 18.19. From Gibeah jonathan went into the desert of Ziph, some 22 miles, to comfort David: there they swore a solemn oath of mutual friendship, to continue as long as they lived, 1 Sam. 23. From thence jonathan returned, which was 22 miles, 1 Sam. 23. At last he went to the wars with his father to mount Gilboah, 40 miles: there he, his father, his brothers Abinadab & Melchisuah were slain. So all the travels of jonathan were 126 miles. The travels of Abiather, Abimeleches son. WHen Doeg the Idumaean, at the command of Saul, had slain the Priests of the Lord, this Abiather the son of Abimelech the high Priest, fled to the Wood Hareth, not fare from Kegilah, some 20 miles, and came and told David of all that had happened, 1. Sam. 22.23. Of Kegilah. THis was a City in the Tribe of juda 4 miles from Hebron towards the East, & 20 from jerusalem toward the South-west. From which town David driven away the Philistines that had besieged it, 1 Sam. 23. You may read of it, Iosh. 23. Nehem. 3. In S. jeroms' time it was but a small town, where the inhabitants show to strangers the Sepulchre of Abacuch the Prophet. Not fare off toward the West lieth Hareth, that wood when David was when Abiather came to him. Kegila in Hebrew signifieth, a Tent. The travels of King David. DAuid was anointed King by Samuel, when he was 20 years old, Anno mundi 2881, and before Christ 1807. Within a while after, he was sent by his father Isay or jesse, to Gibea, of Saul, which was eight miles; there he played to Saul upon the Harp, 1 Sam. 16. When Saul went out with his Army against the Philistines, David returned back to Bethlehem his own country, which was about eight miles. There he fed his father's sheep, 1 Sam. 17. From thence he went to Socho and Asecha, and killed Goliath, which was four miles. From thence he carried the head of Goliath to jerusalem, which was 8 miles. From thence he went with king Saul to Gibeah, which was 4 miles. From Gibeah he went 12 miles into the land of the Philistines: and to perform the promise which he had made, put to the sword 200 of them. From thence he returned and brought their forskins unto Saul, in recompense of which noble exploit he was married to saul's daughter, which was 12 miles. A while after he made an incursion upon the land of the Philistines, and in a sharp and cruel war got a famous victory, and returned with glory to Gibeah, which was at the least 24 miles. But when David perceived that Saul went about to take away his life, and that (he was so narrowly pursued) he had no way to escape, but to be let down by a cord through a window: he made haste and went from Gibeah to Arimathea, where he complained unto Samuel of the injuries of Saul, and laid before him in what a miserable condition he was, and to what straits brought. Wherefore Samuel to comfort him brought him to Naioth; which seemeth to be so called, of the fair situation and pleasantness of the place: for Mabah signifies, a laudable and comely place: this was a College of such as were professors of that sacred study of divinity. Now Saul hearing that David was in this place, came with some of his servants on purpose to make him captive. But at the sight of Samuel he began to sing Psalms and Hymns after the manner of the Prophets. From thence David returned back unto Gibeah, some 12 miles, where at the stone of Ezel (not fare from Gibeah toward the South) jonathan went to David, & counselled him to departed with all speed, for that his father meant evil towards him. So they took leave either of other with tears, 1 Sam. 20. Ezel signifies an Angle, as was a stone full of angles or corners. From thence he went to Nob, which was 12 miles. From thence he went to Gath a city of the Philistines, where he feigned himself mad, because of Achis whom he feared, 1 Sam. 21. which was 24 miles. From thence he went to the cave of Odullam, which was 24 miles, and thither resorted unto him many of his kindred, and such as were indebted and in danger, to the number of 40 persons. In this place he wrote the 57 and 142 Psalms, as may appear by their titles. From thence he went to Mizpah, in the land of the Moabites, where at this time the King kept his court; and there he carefully commanded his friends and followers to his safe protection, till such time as the fury of Saul was assuaged, 1 Sam. 22. From thence by the council of the Prophet Gad he returned by the wilderness of Hareth, to Kegila, and rescued it, 40 miles. Here Abiather the Priest came to him, 1 Sam. 23. From thence fearing the coming of Saul, he went into the wilderness of Ziph, whither jonathan came to him, 1 Sam. 22. which was 4 miles. From thence he went to the town of Moan, which was four miles. From thence he went to the hold of Engedi, which were 36 miles. From thence he went six miles to Carmel in judaea, where he determined to have destroyed Nabal for his churlishness, 1 Sam. 25. From thence he went to Hackilah, 2 miles. From Hackilah he went to Gath, where Achis king of the Philistines kept his court, which was 16 miles. This Achis was very courteous and bountiful minded, he entertained David, and gave him freely the city of Ziclag to inhabit in, 1 Sam. 27. Wherefore David went thence to the town of Ziclag, which was 12 miles, 1 Sam. 27. and there inhabited one year and seven months. From thence David went often towards the South, and made incursions upon the Amalekites, wasting and destroying their land which lay in the Desert of Sur, about 80 miles distant from Ziclag, and a hundred and twenty miles from jerusalem towards the South-west From the Desert of Sur he returned back again unto Ziclag which was 80 miles, and sent part of the prey which he had gotten, to the King of the Philistines; of which you may read more 1 Sam. 27. From Ziclag David went with the army of the Philistines to fight against Saul, 88 miles, even to Sunem: for the Philistines pitched between jezreel and Sunem, 1 Sam. 28.29. But because the Princes of the Philistines durst not trust him, therefore by the consent of Achis their King he returned back to Ziclag, 88 miles, 1 Sam. 29. Whiles David was gone with the Philistines to fight against Israel, the Amalekites invaded Ziclag, took it and burned it with fire, and carried away Ahinoam and Abigal (David's wives) captives. Wherefore when David came to Ziclag and perceived what had happened, with all speed pursued the enemy; and in the way as he went he found an Egyptian, who a little before, the Amalekits had left there, because he was unable to follow them. This Egyptian guided David to the tents of the Amalekits, who suspecting no such evil, were making merry with the booty that they had taken. But David with the rest of his company so manfully behaved themselves, that they gave the Amalekites a sudden overthrow: and as it often happeneth to such as are negligent and careless, he took away from them their former booty, and put most of them to the sword. This battle was fought some 8 or 12 miles from Ziclag, as by the circumstance of the history may appear. From this slaughter he returned back to Ziclag, which is 12 miles, and repaired it; to every neighbouring city sending a part of the prey. Here he had certain intelligence of the success of the Israelites in their wars against the Philistines, and of the death of Saul and jonathan, which he bitterly lamented, 1 Sam. 30. 2 Sam. 1. These things happened in the 10 year after Samuel had anointed David King. From Ziclag he went to Hebron a metropolitan City of the tribe of juda, being a town of refuge belonging to the Levites, which was 16 miles. At this time David was about the age of thirty years, and was anointed King by the Tribe of judah, in the year of the World 2891, and before Christ 1077. Here he kept his Court seven years and six months. From hence also he sent messengers to jabes in Gilead, 44 miles, to signify his gracious acceptance of that favour which they shown unto Saul, in burying of his body there, 2 Sam. 1. 1 Chr. 12. From Hebron David went to jerusalem, 22 miles, which then was called jebus, being possessed of the jebusites; but he won it with strong hand, and thrust them out of it; and in mount Zion set up the city Millo, which was after called the city of David, and signifies, A place of plenty. He began his reign in jerusalem in the 38 year of his age, and 7 of his reign. In this place also he set up his house made of Cedar wood, of which Hyram King of Tyrus sent him great plenty from Mount Libanus, distant from thence, 104 miles, 2 Sam. 5. 1 Chr. 12. From thence he went to the valley of Rephaim, some 3 miles from jerusalem in the way that leadeth to the city of Bethlem, where he fought a memorable fight against the Philistines, and overcame them; for which cause it was also called Baal-Perizim, because by the help and assistance of God he had conquered the army of the Philistines, 1 Sam. 5. After he had dispersed the enemies, he returned to jerusalem which is 4 miles. The Philistines came the same year into the valley of Rephaim again, and pitched their tents within three miles and a half of jerusalem: and the Lord gave David a sign, that when he heard a noise in the mulberry trees, he should set upon the enemy; so David went forth, and close by the town of Gaeba and Kiriath-jearim, about two miles from jerusalem Westward, he set upon the enemy and gave them the second overthrow, 2 Sam. 5. 1 Chr. 15. From thence David followed the enemy to Gaza, which was 18 miles, 2 Sam. 5. In the 10 year of his reign from his first beginning in Hebron. David assembled all the Princes, Priests, and chief men of Israel, to the number of 30000, which inhabited from Sechor till you come to Chaemah, a city of Nepthalie, at the foot of mount Libanus, even 163 miles off. These men assembled themselves in the city of jerusalem, and from thence they with David went to Kiriath-jearim, which was about a mile, to fetch the Ark of the Covenant from thence into the city of David. 1 Sam. 6. 1 Chr. 14. From Kiriath-jearim David and all his train returned back again to jerusalem, which was about a mile; and they placed the Ark of the Lord in a new cart, and caused it to be drawn with Oxen, which turned out of the way to the threshing flower of Nachon, where Vza rashly and inconsiderately touching the Ark of God, contrary to the Divine Law, was presently slain by the Lord in the way, and that place was called Paeri-Vza, that is, The breach of Vza. For he was not of the Tribe of Aaron, to whom it was only lawful to touch the Ark, & therefore the Lord strooke him that he died miserably: wherefore David being terrified by this example of God's severity, would not that day bring the ark of the Lord into jerusalem, but carried it to the house of a certain Nobleman called Obed-Aedom a Gittite, who dwelled not far from jerusalem; but when it was told David, that the Lord blessed the house of Obed-Aedom and all his family, because the ark was there; David went from jerusalem with a great multitude of people, to the house of Obed-Aedom, who (as is said before) dwelled not fare from jerusalem, (yet there are some that say he was an excellent musician in jerusalem, and dwelled in Mount Acra, that is in the lower city) and from thence David fetched the Ark of the Lord into the upper city, which stood upon mount Zion; but I hold the other opinion to be the more probable. When the Ark was carried by the Priests, David gird himself with a linen Ephod, (which kind of garment the Priests of the inferior order used to wear) and danced before it, singing Psalms and hymns to the praise and glory of God, and with great state brought it to the city of jerusalem with the sound of Trumpets and instruments of music, and placed it in the middle of the Tabernacle, which they had curiously erected in Mount Zion in the upper city, which was also called the city of David. This happened in the tenth year of his reign; at which time, Michal, saul's daughter despised him in her heart, and laughed at him: but God gave her a due recompense, as you may read, 2 Sam. 6. and him a just reward; for he promised by the Prophet Nathan, That of his posterity and blood, the King of Kings, and Saviour of the world should be borne. In the year following, David invaded the land of the Philistines; and the city of Gath, which with strong hand he won: this was 34 miles from jerusalem. From thence he returned back to jerusalem, 34 miles. In the twelfth year of his reign he afflicted the Moabits with cruel war, and destroyed two of their armies with the sword, and the rest of the multitude made tributary; which was 24 miles, 2 Sam. 8. 1 Chr. 19 He returned thence to jerusalem with great triumph and joy, 24 miles. In the 13 year of his reign, Anno mundi, 2903, and before Christ, 1065, he made an expedition unto Zoba, which josephus calleth Sophenam, and is in Armenia, near to Masia or Mount Taurus, 600 miles from jerusalem towards the North, of which you may read before. David in this place won a memorable battle against Hadad-Ezer the King thereof, near to the river Euphrates; he took 700 horse and 20000 foot, burnt their chariots, took 100 castles, conquered all the Towns and Country round about, and went away with a great booty, as well of Gold as silver, brass, and other things; which brass for the excellency thereof was like unto gold, and (as josephus saith) afterwards Solomon made the molten sea of it. When Gadarezer King of the Syrians (he that built that famous city of Damascus) heard of the overthrow of Hadad-Ezer, he sent a great army to his aid; which King David near to the river Euphrates smote with the sword, so that 20000 of them were slain, and he carried away a glorious victory, extending his government from jerusalem 600 miles towards the North, that is, into Armenia, and beyond the river Euphrates, and made these two nations tributary unto him, 2 Sam. 8. 1 Chr. 19 After David had won these 2 memorable victories near Euphrates, he went thence with all his army towards the South, and invaded the land of Syria; in which journey joram the son of Tohi King of Antiochia (which city at this time was called Hemath) met David with gifts and presents in the name of his Father, returning him many thankes because he had destroyed the common enemy Hadad-Ezer, and by strong hand subdued and quelled the fury of that mighty tyrant, who was also a trouble and vexation to the Kingdom of Antiochia. David entertained this message kindly, & thankfully received his gifts, (which was of gold, silver and fine brass) and so gave joram an acceptable dispatch, and from thence with his army went to Damascus, the Metropolitan city of Syria, where in the valley of salt he got a great victory, in which 18000 Syrians were slain, and soon after the City of Damascus taken; in which David placed a garrison, and compelled them to pay tribute, 2 Sam. 8. This was distant from the kingdom of Soba 520 miles. From Damascus he went with his army into the land of the Ammonites, 100 miles in the way that leadeth out of Syria to jerusalem, all which he conquered, and all the cities and towns thereabouts, and compelled them to pay tribute, 2 Sam. 8. From thence he returned to jerusalem, which was 60 miles, and all the booty that he had gotten in his journey he dedicated unto the Lord, 2 Sam. 8. A while after, he with his army made an incursion into the land of Idumaea, and compelled the inhabitants to pay tribute. Moreover, he destroyed the city of Midian the Metropolitan of that country, of which you may read before: it was distant from jerusalem 160 miles towards the South. So that the extent of David's kingdom from the North to the South, was 800 miles, even from the kingdom of Soba to the Red sea: and from the East to the West 120 miles; from Tyrus and Sydon reaching to Damascus. Thus by the singular blessing of God he obtained a spacious and powerful Empire, 1 Sam. 8. 1 Reg. 11. 1 Chr. 19 He made his expedition into Idumaea about the 14 year of his reign. From Midian in Idumaea, he returned with great glory and praise to jerusalem, which was 160 miles. In the 14 year of his reign, and in the year of the world 2904, and before Christ 1064, Nahas King of the Ammonites died, and Haron his son succeeded him: this man contemptuously abused the messengers of David, 2 Sam. 10. and to justify that injury he gathered an army out of Soba, Syria, and Mesopotamia, even a mighty Host, to oppose David; who in the 15 year of his government met him with his Army at Helam, some twenty miles from jerusalem where he obtained a notable victory, and destroyed 700 chariots, and 40000 horse, 1 Chr. 20. David after this, with great applause of the people was entertained into jerusalem, which was 20 miles distant, where being puffed up with prosperity, he forgot his former piety and sanctity, and by degrees fell into unlawful actions and desires: whence it happened that soon after he committed adultery with Bathseba: & after that, to hide his fault, caused her husband to be slain. This was kept secret, till the Lord by Nathan sharply reprehends him, lays before him what he was and what his present estate is, from whence that came, and then concludes, that he is most unthankful, careless, and negligent towards God and man, in committing those insolences; neither left he there, but told him that God would severely punish him for his offence, which after happened as you may read, 1 Sa. 11.12.14.17. David being nipped in his conscience with this sharp reprehension, fell into great lamentation, the extremity of whose passions may very well appear in the penitential Psalms which at this time and soon after he wrote, and left to future ages. After this, about the end of Summer he gathered an army, and went into the land of the Ammonites, some 64 miles, where he took the Metropolitan city, (which at that time was called Rabath, because of the multitude of citizens that were in it; but after being restored by Ptolomeus Philadelphus' King of Egypt, he called it after his own, Philadelphia) & there took the crown from the head of the king of the Ammonites, which weighed a Talon of * How much this was you may read after in the quantity of weights. gold, being (as josephus saith) richly adorned with fair Sardonicke stones, of which you may read in 2 Sam. 12. From thence he returned back to jerusalem, which is 64 miles, where he married Bathseba, and by her had four sons, Simeon, Sobab, Nathan, and Solomon, 1 Chr. 3. Soon after this, Ammon deflowered his sister Thamar: not long after that, his son Absalon killed his brother Ammon, being then about 18 years of age; which David took so heinously, that he would not suffer him to come into his sight for three years, 1 Sam. 13. Then joab by the subtlety of the woman of Tekoa, reconciled him to the king his father: yet nevertheless, he came not to his court of two years after. This Absalon was a goodly man, affable, for which cause enen at that time the people began to affect him. Afterward in the year of the world 2950, and before Christ 1408, Absalon being then about 25 years of age, moved sedition against his father. A matter remarkable, that although he had slain his own brother, being disgraced and absent from the Court almost five years, yet within short time after, he so strongly united the affection of the people to him, that he constrained David (standing in fear of his greatness, all his former acts and worthy victories notwithstanding) to forsake his own city, and for safety to fly to the mount of Olives, being three quarters of a mile from the city. There he stayed a while to see the condition of the tumult, but necessity constrained him to take his way to Bahuzim. And as he was going, Zimri the son of Gesa of the house of Saul, cursed him, every man's enemy then making himself apparent when he is in adversity, and his best friends commonly forsake him. From thence he went to jordan, 14 miles, where the Priests jonathan and Ahinaaz brought him certain intelligence of that wicked and perverse council of Achitophel, a man in those times famous for his wisdom, but perfidious in his actions, as commonly such are that hope after honours, or seek to benefit themselves by innovation and change. After he had intelligence hereof, he went over jordan with those few men that he had, & with all possible speed went to Bethabara, some 16 miles from jerusalem toward the North-East. At this place joshuah led the children of Israel through jordan on dry ground, Ios. 3.4. and here john the Baptist taught, and baptised Christ. Mat. 1. & Luke 3. From thence he went to Makanaim, which is twenty eight miles, where he sent forth his army by bands against Absalon, who at this time had assembled a great host near the Wood Ephraim, not far from that place where joshuah won a memorable battle against the Canaanites: and that the place might be made more famous, David's men, though few in number, gave Absalon and his host as great. Thus Absalon being left in danger, to save himself fled: but in his flight the hair of his head being long, and blown with the wind, took hold of the branch of a tree, by which he hanged between heaven and earth, as unworthy of either: and joab, who but a little before was his friend, in that very place with three darts put him to death, a just end for so a man. 1 Sam. 18. David notwithstanding took the death of Absalon marvelous heavily, till by joab he was recalled from that grief; and then in the company of Barzillai, and of his son Chimea, of Mephiboseth the son of jonathan, and Zeba his servant, Shimei also that before cursed him, (who to leave a memorable token of a base Sycophant) after this victory came first down to crave pardon for his offence, with many others, went along with him from Makanaim to Bethabara, which was 28 miles. To this place there came a great multitude of people to meet David, 2 Sam. 19 This Barzillai was one of the eighteen that held the principality of the city of the Giliadites, and had a son called Chimea, whom David took with him to jerusalem, that he might make evident his thankfulness towards him for that courtesy which he had received of his father. From Bethabara David passed jordan, and went back to Gilgal, which was 4 miles, 2 Sam. 19 From thence he went to jerusalem, which was 12 miles, in the same year that he was exiled by his son, which was about the 13 year of his reign. The next year Saba the son of Bicri, taking example of Absalon, and observing the mutability of the people's affections, moved a sedition against David, but joab his captain overcame him, 2 Sam. 20. After this, there followed three years of famine. About the end of the third year of famine, and in the 34 year of his reign, David went to jabes Gilead, which was 52 miles, to fetch the bones of Saul and jonathan, to bury them in the sepulchre of his fathers, 2 Sam. 21. From jabes in Gilead, David brought the bones and relics of King Saul and jonathan his son, to Gibeah of Saul, which was 52 miles, and there he honourably buried them in the Sepulchre of his father Kish. 2 Sam. 21. From thence David returned to jerusalem, which was 4 miles. In the 35 year of his reign he went forth to fight against the Philistines, near to the Leviticall town of Nob, or Nobe, which is 12 miles from jerusalem, upon the borders of the countries of the Philistines, in the tribe of Dan. From thence he returned back again to jerusalem, which is 12 miles. So all the Travels of David were 3904 miles. The Description of the places to which David traveled. OF the cities of Socho, Asekah, Gibeon, Gibeah of Saul, Nob, Ziph, Moan, Engaedi, Arimathea, Gath, the Cave of Odullam, Kegila, Paran, Apheck, and Makanaim, you may read before in the travels of Saul, and the judges of Israel. Of Ziclag. ZIclag was a town in the kingdom of juda, near to the river Besor, 40 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west; not far from Gaza, a city of the Philistines. In Saint jeroms' time it was but a small town, 1 Sam. 27. Of Sur. SVr is a desert in the wilderness of Arabia Petraea, extending itself from the utmost borders of judaea, to the Red Sea, even unto Egypt: and signifieth, a Bulwark, or place of defence; and is derived of Schor, which signifies, To see, or contemplate: because from Bulwarks men may see into neighbouring countries. This was a place of defence of the Egyptians, Gen. 16.20.25. Ex. 15. 1 Sam. 15.17. Of Sunem. THis was a city in the tribe of Issacher, 48 miles from jerusalem towards the North, not fare from Naim, where Christ raised the widow's son to life, Luke 7. So did Elizaeus the Prophet also, 2 Kings 4. And seemeth to take the name of a Purple or Scarlet colour; being derived of Schanah, which signifies, He hath changed and interated a colour. Of Gazer. GAzer is a town lying upon the borders of the Philistines, not fare from Ekron, 16 miles from jerusalem Eastward. Of this you may read before. Of Sichor. THe river of Sichor was in the desert of Sur not far from Rhinocura (of which it took the name) and runneth thence into the Mediterraneam Sea: from whence also it is called the river of Egypt, 1 Chron. 13. It is 72 miles from jerusalem Southwestward. Of the Hebrews it is called Schichor, or Siohor, because of the blackness of the water. Of Bahurim. BAhurim was a town in the tribe of Benjamin, a mile and something more from jerusalem towards the North-east. To this place Phaltiel followed his wife Michael, 2 Sam. 3. Here also Shimei cursed David, 2 Sam. 16. At this time it is a fair castle strongly fortified, standing in a high place. near unto it in the valley just in the King's way, there is a stone called Bohen, taking that name of Bohen the son of Reuben, and is of an extraordinary greatness, shining like unto marble of this you may read in the 15 of joshuah, Bahurim or Bachurim, signifies, A city of electors, being derived of Bachar, To elect or choose. Of David's name. DAuid is as much to say as, my dear, my beloved, my chosen one: being derived of Dod, which signifies, a friend, or beloved. For which cause, he was said to be a man after Gods own heart. How David was a type of Christ. DAuid represented Christ diverse ways, First, in his name, (he was beloved) so God testifies of Christ, This is my beloved son in whom I am well pleased. Secondly, in the place of his birth, he was borne at Bethlem, so was Christ. Thirdly, in his employment, he was a shepherd; so was Christ: I am the true Shepherd; for a good Shepherd giveth his life for his Sheep, etc. Fourthly, in his music; David was cunning upon the harp, and by that comforted the afflicted spirit of Saul: so Christ by the music and harmony of his doctrine (the glad tidings of salvation) comforteth the afflicted members of his Church. Fiftly, David got his glory and preferment by the death of Goliath: so Christ was glorified by conquering Death and the Devil. Sixtly, David was persecuted by Saul, and pursued from one place to another, so that he had not where to hide his head with safety; so Christ was persecuted by his own countrymen the jews, shut out from the society of man; and as he said, Mat. 8. The Foxes have holes, and the Birds have nests; but the Son of man hath not where to hide his head. Seventhly, in the dangers that David sustained, by God's providence he was mercifully delivered: so Christ was enclosed and in danger of the jews at Nazareth, Luke 4. in jerusalem; in the Temple also. joh. 8. but he escaped them all, because than his time was not come, Io. 7.8. Eightly, as Absalon rebelled against David, being his father; so the jews rebelled against Christ, although he was their Creator: according to that of Esay 61. I have fed and brought up children, but they have forsaken me. Ninthly, as David fled to Mount Olivet for refuge, being brought to a straight; so Christ upon Mount Olivet (his heart being pressed with an intolerable agony) fled to his Father by prayer, for comfort in that extremity. Tenthly, as all the friends and familiars of David forsook him at such time as Absalon rebelled against him, and followed him with persecutions, mocks and taunts; so Christ at such time as judas betrayed him into the hands of the jews, was forsaken of all his followers, and many of those which a little before he had done good unto, mocked and derided him as he was upon the Cross. Lastly, as David was restored, notwithstanding the former miseries and troubles, to his ancient glory and eminency; so Christ after he had suffered the due punishment for sin, death, and (before that) extteame misery; yet at length conquered both, and by his divine power restored himself to his former estate, eternal glory. The Travels of ABNER, one of saul's Captains. He went with King Saul from Gibeah to the Wilderness of Ziph, which was 22 miles. Here he was rebuked by David for his negligence. From thence he returned to Gibeah, 22 miles, 1 Sam. 31. From thence he traveled to the hill Gilboa, where Saul killed himself, 40 miles. From thence he went to Machanaim, where he made Ishbosheth (saul's son) King, who kept his court there seven years; 16 miles. 2 Sam. 2. From thence he went to Gibeon, where he slew Asahel, joabs' brother, in battle. Which was 44 miles, 2 Sam. 2. From thence he went over jordan to Bythron, 28 miles. From thence he went back to Machanaim, 16 miles, 2 Sam. 2 Lastly, he went thence to Hebron to David, and made a Covenant with him; where he was treacherously slain by joab: & was 68 miles. So all the travels of Abner were 256 miles. Of Bithron. BIthron or Betharan was a town beyond jordan in the tribe of Gad, some 28 miles from jerusalem Northeastward, lying between Dibon and jordan. It taketh the name from a House of singing; being derived of Baith, which signifieth a House; and Ronvere, He sung joyfully. The Travels of JOAB. JOAB David's Captain was the son of Zerviah, David's sister: for he had two, Zerviah and Abogale; Zerviah had joab, Abishas, and Asael. Abigal had only Amasa, all which were great men in King David's time. Now when joab heard that Abner had brought down his army to Gibeon, he went from Hebron thither, which was 24 miles: and there his brother Asahel was slain, 2 Sam. 2. From thence he went to Bethlehem, 16 miles, where he buried his brother, 2 Sam. 2. From thence he returned to Hebron, 20 miles. Here under the gates of the city he traitorously killed Abner, 2 Sam. 3. From thence he went with David to jerusalem, where he won Zion, and drove thence the blind and the lame, being 82 miles. From thence he went with his Army against the Ammonites and Syrians, whom he conquered in a cruel fight, 60 miles, 1 Sam. cap. 10. From thence he returned back to jerusalem, 60 miles. From thence he went with David into Idumea, 160 miles from jerusalem Southward; there he won the town of Midian, & conquered the Idumaeans or Edomites, 2 Sam. 8. From thence he returned to jerusalem with his Army, being 160 miles. From thence he went and besieged Rabath the metropolitan city of the Ammonites, being 64 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. Here Vriah was slain, 2 Sam. 11. From thence he returned to jerusalem with K. David, 64 miles From thence he went into the kingdom of Gesur, which lieth beyond jordan upon Mount Libanus, by the town of Caesarea Philippi, some 80 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. This country was called Trachonites. From this land joab brought Absalon again to jerusalem, 2 Sam. 14. From thence he returned back again with Absalon to jerusalem, 88 miles. From thence he went with David (when he fled from his son Absalon) to Machanaim, being 44 miles. Not far from hence he slew Absalon, 2 Sam. 18. From thence he came again with King David to jerusalem, 44 miles, 2 Sam. 10. From thence he went to Gibeah, where he killed Amasa, which was 4 miles. From thence he went to the town of Abel-Bethmaacha in the tribe of Nepthali, being about 88 miles. This town he straightly besieged. From thence he went again to jerusalem, 88 miles. Afterward he went, as David commanded him, to number the people at Aroer a town beyond jordan, which was 24 miles, 2 Sam. 24. From thence he went to jaezer, which is 16 miles. From thence going through the land of Gilead, and passing by the territories of the lower country of Hadsi, he came to the town of Dan, near to the place where the fountains of jordan are which is accounted 116 miles. From thence he went to that famous mart town Sidon, which was 24 miles. From that great town Sidon he went to the walls of Tyre, to which place great multitudes of ships resorted; which was sixteen miles. From thence he went toward the South till he came to the city Beersaba, which was the utmost bounds of the Holy land Southwestward, and was reckoned 132 miles. From thence he returned back to jerusalem where he delivered to David the number of those that were chosen soldiers, 2. Sam. 24. but the Lord strooke the country and city of jerusalem with a great plague, because he did contrary to his command, 2 Sam. 24. So all the travels of joab were 1348 miles. The description of the places to which he traveled. MAny of those cities mentioned in the travels of joab, are already described and set forth; therefore I account it needless in this place again to repeat them, but only such towns as yet have not been mentioned. Of Gesur. GEsur was a country near to Caesarea Philippi, in the land of Basan beyond jordan, near Libanus, in the tetrarchy Trachonitides, 88 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. With the King of this country Absalon remained in banishment for 3 years space, after he had slain his brother Ammon; and with us may be termed the valley of Oxen, 2 Sam. 13. Of Hadsi. THe lower country of Hadsi stood near to the city Corazin in the half tribe of Manasses, 52 miles from jerusalem toward the North-east, and signifies a new land; being derived of Chadasch, that is, New. Of the fountain Rogel. THis was near jerusalem Eastward; to which place jonathan and Ahimaas (David's intelligencers) brought him news of Absalon's counsels and intentions, 2 Sam. 17. It seemeth that travellers usually washed their feet in it, from whence it was called the Well of feet; being derived from Raegael, signifying a Foot. Near to this place was the stone Zochaeleth, where Adoniah (at such time as he affected the kingdom, contrary to his father's liking) called an assembly and made a great feast, 1 Reg. 1. The Travels of Baena and Rechab. THese two went out of the tribe of Benjamin over jordan to Machanaim, 40 miles. There they murdered their master king Ishbosheth in his chamber as he lay upon his bed, and after cut off his head. The head they brought to King David to Hebron, 68 miles. But David was not pleased with their treachery, wherefore he caused them both to be put to death. So their travels were 108 miles. The Travels of Absalon. ABsalon was borne in Hebron, and went with his father to jerusalem, 22 miles, 2 Sam. 13. From thence he went to Baalhazor, 8 miles, where he caused his brother Ammon to be slain. From thence for fear of his father he fled into the land of Gesur, 88 miles, 2 Sam. 14. From thence he came back with joab to jerusalem, which was 88 miles, 2 Sam. 14. From thence he went to Hebron, 22 miles, and made himself King, and rebelled against his father. From thence he went back again to jerusalem, which is 22 miles. There he lay with his father's Concubines, 2 Sam. 16. From thence he pursued his father to Machanaim, 40 miles, & there was hanged by the hair in an oak tree, where joab put him to death, 2 Sam. 18. So all the travels of Absalon were 290 miles. Of Baalhazor. IN this city Absalon made a great feast for his sheepe-sherers, and invited all his brothers to it, where he caused Ammon to be slain, because he had abused his sister Thamar. It lieth in the way some 8 miles from jerusalem toward the North-East, as you go to jericho, near to mount Ephraim, 2 Sam. 13. and is derived of Baal, which signifies a Lord or husband; and Chazir, a Den or cave. Of the name ABSALON. ABSALON signifieth a Father of peace, although he was the author of all discord and sedition against his father. The Travels of the wise woman of Thecoa. THis woman went from Thecoa to jerusalem, 8 miles; and spoke with King David; and with her sweet words she persuaded him that he would recall his son out of exile, who then remained in Gesur, 2 Sam. 14. Of Thecoa. THecoa was a city in the tribe of juda, some 8 miles from jerusalem toward the Southeast: near this city josaphat by prayer and the sound of Trumpets, without drawing sword, got a memorable victory; and for that cause it signifieth the sound of a Trumpet. In this place the prophet Amos dwelled, and there lieth buried; whose sepulchre was to be seen 400 years after Christ, as S. jerom observeth. It was from Bethlem juda 6 miles. near to Techoa was the lake Aspher, where jonathan and Simon (judas Machabeus brothers) pitched their tents, 1 Mach. 9 Of this city you may read, jer. 6. Am. 1. 2 Chr. 11. Of ACHITOPHEL. THis perfidious and wicked man was borne in the town of Gilo, not far from Hebron and Debir in the tribe of judah, Ios. 15. 2 Sam. 15. 20 miles from jerusalem Southeastward; who when his counsel would not take place, he went home to his own house, and there desperately hanged himself. The Travels of wicked Shimei, SHimei went from Bahurim (where he cursed King David) to Bathabara upon the river jordan, which was 18 miles; where he got pardon of David, 2 Sam. 19 From thence he went back with King David to Gilgall, four miles, 2 Sam. 19 From thence he went with King David to jerusalem, 12 miles, 2 Sam. 19 From thence he went to Bahurim, 3 miles. From Bahurim King Solomon sent for him again to jerusalem, 3 miles. There he was constrained to build him an house, and not to departed thence upon pain of death, 1 Reg. 2. But Shimei transgressing this commandment of the king, went to Gath a city of the Philistines, 12 miles. From thence he returned back again to jerusalem, 12 miles, where he was slain by the command of King Solomon, in the third year of his reign, 1 Reg. 2. So all the travels of Shimei were 104 miles. The Books of Kings and Chronicles. Of ABISHAG the Virgin that lay with David. THis Maid was accounted the fairest in all Israel, for which cause she was brought to jerusalem for King David, that she might lie with him in his old age to procure heat: she was born at Sunem, a town some 44 miles from jerusalem, 1 Reg. 1. Of Sunem you may read before in the travels of David & Saul. The Travels of King Solomon. SOlomon the son of David King of Israel entered upon the full government of the kingdom of Israel, An. mundi 2931. and before Christ 1037. when he was about 20 years old. After, he went from jerusalem to Gilgal, 4 miles, and there offered upon the altar which Moses had made, 1000 offerings, 1 Reg. 3. 2 Chr. 1. From thence he went back to jerusalem, which was 4 miles, and built a Temple to the Lord in mount Moriah, 1 Reg. 6. This was begun about the fourth year of his reign, and 480 years after the children of Israel came out of Egypt, in the month Ziph, which answereth to our May. So that the Temple began to be built in Anno mundi 2934. and before Christ 1034. To the building whereof Hiram King of Tyre sent Cedar trees from Mount Libanus, 120 miles, to jerusalem, 1 Reg. 5. 2 Chr. 2. This Temple Solomon within plaited over with pure gold, and set with precious stones, and finished it in the month of November, about the eleventh year of his reign, 1 Reg. 6. The dedication whereof was about the twelfth year of his reign, and in the 32 year of his age, Anno Mundi, 2942, and before Christ, 1026. The Temple being finished, he began to build his own house, which was 13 years a building, and was finished about the 44 year of his age, and in the 24 of his reign, 1 Reg. 7.8. After 20 years, in which time he had finished the house of the Lord, and his own house in Mount Zion; that he might manifest his thankfulness to the King of Tyre, he went to Cabul a city in the tribe of Ashur, some 80 miles Northward, where he gave to the aforesaid Hiram 20 towns or cities, with all the country round about: wherefore King Hiram called this Cabul, that is, Displeasant and dirty, 2 Reg. 9 You may read of Cabul, Ios. 19 From thence he returned to jerusalem, 88 miles. From thence he went to Hazor, and restored the city, which was 44 miles. From thence he returned to jerusalem, 44 miles. From thence he went to Megiddo, which is not fare from jesreel in the tribe of Manasses, 44 miles from jerusalem toward the North. This city Solomon fortified, 1 Reg. 9 and josiah King of juda a long time after was there wounded to death, 2 Reg. 9 From Megiddo he returned to jerusalem, 44 miles. After that Pharaoh King of Egypt had conquered Gazer, and destroyed it with fire, he gave it to his Daughter the Wife of Solomon, who rebuilt it. This town was situated in the tribe of Ephraim, 28 miles from jerusalem Northward, 1 Reg. 9 From Gazer Solomon returned back again to jerusalem, being 28 miles. From thence he went to the higher Bethoron, which he fortified; and stood twenty eight miles from jerusalem Northward; 2 Chr. 8. From thence he went to the lower Bethoron, 16 miles from the upper toward the South, 1 Reg. 9 2 Chr. 8. From the lower Bethoron he went to jerusalem, which was 8 miles. After, Solomon built the city Belath, which was 12 miles from jerusalem Northwestward, 1 Reg. 9 2 Chr. 8. From thence he returned back to jerusalem, 12 miles, and it is very like that Solomon often visited those towns that he had built and restored. From jerusalem he went to Hemath (afterward called Antiochia) which was 320 miles, and compassed it about with a wall, fortified it, and afterward constrained all the kingdoms thereabout to be obedient to his government, 2 Chr. 8. From thence he went with great state into the kingdom of Zoba, which is 600 miles, and fortified all the great cities & castles of that country, that with the greater facility they might oppose the invasions of neighbouring countries. From thence he returned to that famous city Thamar, which was also called the city of the Palms, 400 miles: this he rebuilt and fortified, 1 Reg. 9 2 Chr. 8. From thence he went to jerusalem, which is 388 miles. From thence he went to Ezeongaber near the Red sea in the country of Idumaea, where he built a company of stately ships, and sent them to India to fetch gold, which was 176 miles from jerusalem Southward, 1 Reg. 9 From thence he returned to jerusalem, which is 176 miles. But of his great prosperity and abundance of riches he grew proud, (for he excelled all the Kings near him) and gave himself to unlawful pleasures; he took unto him 300 Concubines, and 70 wives, by whose persuasion he began to worship the gods of the Gentiles, which idolatry was evil in the sight of the Lord. And after he had reigned forty years (which was about the sixtieth of his age) he died, and was buried by his father David in Mount Zion the city of David, An. mundi 2770, and before Christ 998. So all the travels of Solomon were 2544 miles. The description of the places to which he traveled. Of Gazer you may read before in the travels of David. Of Bethoron. THe upper and the lower Bethoron were two Cities in the tribe of Ephraim, built by Saaerah the daughter of Ephraim, 1 Chron. 7. The inferior Bethoron was not fare from the Castle of Emmaus, 8 miles from jerusalem toward the Northwest. The superior was 20 miles distant toward the North. These towns Solomon repaired. near to the lower Bethoron the Lord put the enemies of joshuah to flight with thunder and hail, Ios. 10. Here also judas Machabeus overcame the army of Antiochus 1 Mac. 3. Here also he put Nicanor to death, 1 Mac. 7. and signifieth A white house; being derived of Beth, which signifies an house; and Chor, he hath made white. Of Baaelath. THis is a city twelve miles from jerusalem Northwestward, in the tribe of Dan. This city Solomon repaired at such time as he fell in love with many women: from whence it seemeth to take his name: for Baaeleth signifieth, his beloved Lady. Of Thamar. THamar, Tadmor, or Palmira, stood partly in the desert of Syria, and partly in a fruitful soil; being compassed about on the one side with a Wood, on the other with fair and pleasant fields. It was the Metropolitan city of all Syria, not fare from Euphrates, some 388 miles from jerusalem Northeastward; and as Pliny saith, lib. 5. cap. 25. Although it lay betwixt two mighty Empires, Rome and Parthia, yet it was subject to neither; fairly situated, a free city, adorned with fair and sumptuous buildings, and contented with their own government. The wildernesses called after this town's name, Palmarnae, or the deserts of the Palms, extend themselves to Petra the metropolitan city of Arabia Petraea, and to the borders of Arabia foelix, one day's journey from Euphrates, two from the upper part of Syria, and six from Babylon, as josephus observeth, Antiq. lib. 8. cap. 5. This city Solomon made tributary to him, and fortified it with strong walls, 1 Reg. 9 Of Ezeongaber you may read before. The Typical signification of Solomon. SOLOMON is as much as Frederick in high-Dutch, which signifieth a Peacemaker; being derived of the Hebrew word Schelomoh, or Schalom, to bring glad tidings of peace. Typically representing Christ the Prince of peace, who hath reconciled us with his heavenly Father, and merited an eternal place of peace and happiness for all such as trust in him, Esay 9 And as Solomon built up the Temple of the Lord with great majesty and glory; so Christ hath built up that heavenly Temple the Church of God, and adorned it with the gifts and graces of his holy Spirit, in this world, that so it might be capable of eternal glory in the world to come, 2 Cor. 6. The Travels of Solomon's Ships. THis Navy of solomon's went unto Ophir, that is India, which was accounted from the Mart town 4800 miles. From India they returned back again, 4800 miles: so all their travels were 9600 miles. This journey was finished in 3 years to and again; so that every year they went 3200 miles, and brought home plenty of gold silver, precious stones, Ebony, etc. Of India. MOses called this country Havilah, Gen. 2. and Ios. li. Antiq. 8. c. 7. Ophir: which name (saith he) it took of two brothers so called, which inhabited and governed that country all along the river Ganges. But more modern writers derive it from Indus a river passing through it. It is a spacious and fruitful country, pleasant to inhabit; and as Pomponius saith, hath in it 5000 cities, being divided into two parts, the outward and inward. The Travels of the Queen of Saba. FRom Saba in Ethiopia she came to jerusalem, 964 miles. From jerusalem she returned back again, which was 964 miles. So all her travels were 1928 miles. Of Aethiopia. THis Country by the Hebrews is called Chus, of Chus the son of Cham, who was the son of Noah: and after, Aethiopia, (ab astu torrida) because of the great heat wherewith oftentimes the habitable land and people, as also the wilderness were sorely scorched and burned: for it is situated in the third part of the world called Africa, lying under the torrid Zone, and the Aequator, which two by common experience are found to be extreme hot. Of Saba. SAba is a metropolitan city in Ethiopia, lying beyond Egypt, 846 miles from jerusalem towards the South: and took the name from a certain precious stone called Achates, wherein might plainly be discerned in certain distinct colours, the rising of fountains, the channels of rivers, high mountains, and sometimes of chariots and horses drawing them. It is reported, That Pyrrhus King of the Epirots had one of them, wherein was lively represented the nine Muses, and Apollo playing on the Viol, portrayed by natural stains and colours, so artificially, as if they had been done by some curious workman. Of this stone you may read more in Pliny, li. 37. ca 1.10. It was first found in Achates a river of Sicilia, whence it took the name. Afterward in India and Phrygia, and of the Hebrews was called Schaeba or Saba. In this city that Queen dwelled who came to hear Solomon's wisdom, and gave him for a present 120 talents of pure gold, which at 3 pounds an ounce comes to 270000 pounds sterling. Afterwards Cambyses King of Persia overcame it and all the country round about it, and after his sister's name called it Meroës. It is a stately city to this day, situated in a plain country, and compassed about with the river Nilus like an Island, being now called Elsaba, having some affinity to the ancient name Saba. The Inhabitants of this town go naked, all but their privy parts, which they cover either with Silk, Cotton, or some more costly matter; and are of a black colour, which as some think, happeneth by reason of the extreme heat. The land also is marvellously scorched, and turned in many places to sand and dust. So that the country is thereby wonderful barren. About Meroes' or Saba, which is made fruitful by the inundation of Nilus, there is found plenty of salt, brass, iron, and some precious stones. Their sheep, goats, oxen, and other cattles are of less stature than in other Countries. Their dogs are very fierce and cruel. In times passed there were mighty princes that had the government and command of it, and the Country round about it. But after (as Pliny saith, lib. 6. cap. 29.) it was in the jurisdiction and government of Queens, who for their noble resolutions & courage were called Candaces. One of which name in Tiberius the Emperor's time was famous, both for the extent of her dominions (in which she exceeded all the rest of her predecessors) as also in regard of her manly presence and noble spirit. The Eunuch which Philip baptised, Acts 8. was Treasurer or Chamberlain to this Queen: and it is to be thought, By him the doctrine of the Gospel of Christ was first made known in Saba, and in the country of Aethiopia; which afterwards was more largely propagated and dispersed by the Evangelist S. Matthew, who taught there. This city lieth to the longitude of 61 degrees and 30 scruples, & in the elevation of the Pole Arctic to the latitude 16 degrees and 25 scruples. So that it seems the inhabitants have two winters & two summers, or rather a continual summer, because their winter is much hotter than our summer. But when the Sun attaineth to the 15 degree of Taurus and Leo, and in the Dog days, it than lies perpendicular over that country, and neither their bodies nor houses give any shadows. In the 61 of Esay it is said, They shall come from Saba, and bring gold & frankincense to praise the Lord. From whence some some have concluded, That those wise men which came unto the child jesus, and brought Gold, Frankincense, and Myrrh, were Aethiopians, and came thence. But this agreeth not well with the words of Matthew, ca 2. where it is written, That the wise men came out of the East, that is, from the rising of the Sun, to jerusalem. For Saba, according to our Saviors' words, Mat. 12. lieth towards the South; for he saith, The Queen of the South (that is, of Saba) shall come forth in the day of judgement against this generation, and condemn it, for she came from the end of the world to hear the wisdom of Solomon, etc. But if Saba lie upon the South, as here it plainly appeareth, than it must needs follow they came not thence, but rather from Persia, which from jerusalem lies Eastward. For at Susa the metropolis of that country, there was an Academy for the whole kingdom; in which were chief studied Divinity, the Mathematics, and History. So that it is likely, by their Art they might attain to the knowledge of this divine Mystery, and from thence come to jerusalem, which was 520 miles Eastward. Therefore this place of the Prophet Esay is rather to be referred to the propagation of the church through the whole world, where some of every nation shall bring presents unto the Lord. There is also another Saba in Arabia Foelix, so called from Zaeba the son of Chus, the son of Cham, the son of Noah; and it is distant from jerusalem 1248 miles toward the Southeast. In Hebrew it signifies the city of Drunkenness, or of Mirth; but with the Syrians, Antiquity. Some would have it in the Arabian tongue to signify a Mystery. But S. jerom interprets it, To sound their conversion. It is the metropolitan City of Arabia Foelix, and by Strabo, lib. 6. called Meriaba, being situated in a high and pleasant mountain full of fruitful trees. There inhabiteth in it the King of that country (a mighty Prince) his Governors, and most of such as have authority under him. The land is called the Kingdom of the Sabaeans, but generally, Arabia Foelix, because of the fertility of the place; for it yields twice every year great plenty of Frankincense, Myrrh, Cinnamon, Balsam, and other odoriferous herbs. The tree out of which this Myrrh cometh is five cubit's high, hairy, and full of prickles, and when you cut the bark there cometh forth a bitter gum, wherewith if you anoint a dead body, it will continue long without rotting. The frankincense also that is found there, droppeth from Cedar trees like a gluey substance, and so congealeth into a Gum. This happeneth twice every year, and according unto the season it changeth colour: in the Spring it is red, in the Summer white. This is the best Frankincense in all Arabia Foelix. Through the whole country there is a very delectable smell, by reason of the Myrrh, Frankincense and Cinnamon that is found in it; insomuch that if the wind blows amongst the trees it carrieth the smell unto the red sea, and they that sail can easily discern the sweetness of the air. There is gold also found there, very fine and pure, insomuch as for the goodness of it, it is called Arabian gold. The Phoenix is found there, of which there is but one in the world. Pliny, lib. 9 cap. 35. describes her to be as big as an Eagle, with a list of feathers like gold about her neck, the rest are of a purple colour; therefore from Phoenicea and the purple colour of her wings she is called Phoenix. She hath a tuft of feathers upon her head like unto a crown. She liveth 660 years, at the end of which time she buildeth her a nest of Cassia, Cinnamon, Calamus, and other precious Gums and herbs, which the Sun by the extremity of the heat and the waving of her wings fires; and she taking delight in the sweetness of the savour, hovers so long over it, that she burns herself in her own nest. Within a while after, out of the marrow of her bones, and the ashes of her body, there groweth a worm, which by little and little increaseth to some bigness, and after to a purple bird. Then her wings extend themselves to a full greatness, till such time as she cometh to be a perfect Phoenix. This Bird doth lively represent our Saviour Christ, who only and alone is the true Messiah, and through whom we must expect everlasting life, who in the fullness of time offered himself a Sacrifice upon the Cross, sustaining the punishment for sin at the time of his Passion, putting on a purple robe, being all be sprinkled with his own blood, joh. 19 And as the Phoenix is burnt in her own nest, so likewise was he consumed in the fire of God's wrath, according to that in the 22 Psal. My heart is become like melting wax in the midst of my body. And as the Phoenix of itself begetteth another of the same kind; so Christ by the power of his Deity raised up his body from the dust of the earth, and ascended up into heaven a glorious body, to sit at the right hand of his father in that everlasting Kingdom of glory. Thus (gentle Reader) I thought fit to describe unto you these two towns, that when you shall read of them in the holy Scripture (the one being in Aethiopia towards the South, the other in Arabia Foelix, and called Seba) you might discern the one from the other: of both which there is mention in the 72 Psalm, The Kings of the Sea and of the Isles shall bring presents; the Kings of Saba, and Seba, shall give gifts. The Travels of King Pharaoh out of Egypt, when he overcame the Town of Gazer, 1 Reg. 9 IN the 16 year of King David, Anno mundi, 2906, and before Christ, 1602, Chabreus King of Egypt, began to reign, and reigned 56 years, Diod. lib. 2. cap. 2. Herodotus calleth this man Chephrines, in his second book; and Eusebius, Nepher Cherres. He went from Memphis the chief City of Egypt, with a great army, 268 miles, even unto the tribe of Ephraim, and there took Gazer, a City of the Levites, and burned it with fire, 1 Reg. 8. Ios. 21. After he came to jerusalem, which was 28 miles. And this city which he had thus destroyed he gave to his daughter, the wife of Solomon, 1 Reg. 9 From thence he returned to Memphis in Egypt, 244 miles. So all the Travels of King Pharaoh were 244 miles. Of Memphis. MEmphis is a great city in Egypt, where commonly the kings of that country keep their Courts; and lieth from jerusalem 244 miles Southwestward. This city was built a little before the flood, but repaired and enlarged by a king called Ogdoo, who in love of his daughter (after her name) called it Memphis. You may read of it in the ninth of Hosea, called there by the name of Moph; for thus he saith, The people of Israel are gone out of the land of Ephraim, because of their Idolatry, into Egypt: but Egypt shall gather them up, & Moph (that is, Memphis) shall bury them. Moph, or Mapheth in this place signifieth, A prodigious wonder: but the rest of the Prophets call it Noph, for the fertility & pleasantness of the country, as you may read, Esa. 19 The Princes of the Zoan are become foolish, and the Princes of Noph (or of Memphis) are deceived. See also jerem. 2.44.46. Ezech. 30. in which places you may find it called after this name. Zoan is the city Tanis, where Moses wrought all his miracles: But Noph, or Moph, is this Memphis; a beautiful town, large and spacious, situated in the strongest and profitablest place in Egypt; divided into two parts by the river Nilus, so that any kind of commodities or merchandise might with ease be brouht thither by water: for which cause the kings of that country (for the most part) kept their abiding there. Strabo saith lib. 17. That upon the East part of this city there standeth a Tower or Castle called Babylon, built by certain Babylonians, who leaving their own country, by the permissions of the kings of Egypt dwelled there: in after times there was placed a garrison in it, one of the three which were for the defence of Egypt, and by Ptolemy was called Babylon, through both which, viz. Memphis and Babylon, Nilus passed; the one standing upon the East side, the other upon the West. Zoan or Tanis stood about some four miles from this town, and was a fair & spacious city also, situated towards the South upon the East side of Nilus, to which the kings of that country often resorted, and Heliopolis, another fair city, stood some six miles off that towards the North-east. All these four towns were so wonderfully inhabited (by reason of their pleasant & profitable situation) that in process of time they become all one city; and in this age is called Alcaire, containing in circuit 60 miles: so that it seemeth to spectators to be like a country replenished with nothing but fair houses, goodly churches, & strong towers; exceeding all the rest of the cities of Egypt, aswell for the beautifulness of the place, as the extent and largeness of it. It is reported, that in the year of our Lord 1476, there was such an extreme pestilence in it, that there died 20000 a day, from whence may be gathered, how infinitely it is peopled. near to this town stood the Pyramids, which are held to he one of the wonders of the World (as Strabo saith, lib. 17.) the height of one of them was 625 foot, and square on each side 883 foot; it was twenty years a building, a hundred thousand workmen employed about it: whence it may be easily gathered, how hard and difficult it was in those times to get stone (it being for the most part brought from Arabia) and at what an excessive charge they were that set up them. Of Gazar. This City is described in the Travels of Solomon. The Travels of Hadad King of Idumaea. WHen David conquered Idumaea, Hadad the King of that country with some few of his courtiers, being then but young, fled from Midian to Paran the Metropolitan City of Arabia Petraea, which was 84 miles, 1 Reg. 11. But because he thought himself scarce safe in that place, he fled thence to Cheopes, that impious and tyrannical King of Egypt that built the greatest of the three Pyramids at Memphis. He (hating King David) gave him kind entertainment, assigned him a part of the Kingdom of Egypt to dwell in, and after married him with his sister Tachpenes, by whom he had a son called Genubath, who was brought up in Pharaohs, or King Chopes court, where he continued all the life of David, being 27 years; which was 120 miles. David being dead, he returned into his own kingdom of Idumaea, which was 200 miles. From thence he went to Damascus, which was 240 miles, where he was created King of the Syrians by Reason and other fugitives, which had conspired against Solomon, by which means he grievously troubled that Kingdom, and became an utter enemy to the Israelites all the life of Solomon. And of him is the original and stock of the Kings of Syria. So all the travels of Hadad were 644 miles. Of Midian and Paran you may read before: in the one dwelled jethro, Moses father in law; in the other Ishmael, that being the chief city of his dominions, as you may read, Gen. 21. Ex. 2. Of Reason, Solomon's adversary. AFter David had conquered Hadad Ezer king of Zoba, Reason his chief captain gathered up his dispersed soldiers of his army, and fled from him to Damascus, which was 120 miles, and besieged it: the Citizens whereof (when neither David nor Solomon could suppress his rebellion) entertained him for their King, which principality he held. The Travels of the Kings of Israel; and first of JEROBOAM. THis man was the son of Nebat, and borne at a town called Zared, not far from Bethlehem Ephrata; some eight miles from jerusalem: from whence he came to Solomon, who made him captain, that he might collect the tribute of Manasses and Ephraim, 1 Reg. 11. which was eight miles. From jerusalem as he went to Shilo (which was four miles) he met the Prophet Ahijah the Shilonite, who told him that he should be King of Israel, 1 Reg. 11. From thence he went to Memphis in Egypt, which was 224 miles, (because Solomon sought his life) where he remained with Sesak king of Egypt, all the life of Solomon. Eusebius calleth this King Osochores, who that same year succeeded Macrenius (Solomon's father in law) in that government. From thence he returned to the town of Sichem in Israel, which was 280 miles, where the Israelites made him chief captain, against Rehoboam, Solomon's son. Wherefore jeroboam the son of Nebat, began to reign over Israel, An. mundi, 2971, and before Christ, 997, and reigned 22 years, 1 Reg. 12. His first seat was at Sichem, which he repaired and enlarged. From Sichem (in the first year of his reign) he went to Penuell, and there set up many fair buildings, which was twelve miles, 1 Reg. 12. From Penuel he went 24 miles to the town of Bethel, where he caused a golden Calf to be set up, for the people to worship. From thence he went to Thirza, which is 16 miles. This city he built, and there kept his court, 1 Reg. 14. From thence he went to the mount Zemaraim, which is mount Ephraim, 18 miles; where he had a great battle with Abia king of juda, and lost 500000 of his soldiers, all chosen men of Israel, 2 Chr. 13. verse 17. Having lost this battle, with all possible speed that he could, went thence to Thirza, which is 18 miles: there the Lord struck him with a grievous disease that he died miserably, 1 Reg. 14. 2 Chr. 13. So all the Travels of jeroboam first King of Israel were 623 miles. The Description of the towns and places to which JEROBOAM traveled. Of Zemeraim. THis was a certain Plain in mount Ephraim, eight miles from jerusalem towards the North, near to the town of Bethel in the Tribe of Manasses: for mount Ephraim is divided into diverse parts and Tribes. It seemeth to take the name of certain trees that abound near that place, whereon cotton wool groweth: for Zaemaer signifieth, Wool, which by little and little, upon such trees doth increase and grow to perfection. Of Thirza. THis was a fair and beautiful city, situated in a high and pleasant mountain, in the Tribe of Manasses, some twenty four miles from jerusalem towards the North. In this place, the kings of Israel used to keep their courts, until Samaria was built. It was so called because of the excellency and delectableness of the place: for Thirza doth denote, An acceptable and thankful city; being derived of Razah, he receiveth thankfully. Of the years of the iniquity of Israel. THe years of the iniquity of Israel (mentioned in Ezek. 4.) is to be accounted from that day wherein jeroboam first erected the golden Calves: wherefore the greatest part of the first year of the iniquity, agreeth with the second year of jeroboams reign. From whence may be gathered, that from that time, till the destruction of jerusalem by Nabuchadnezzar, were 390 years full ended. Of jeroboam wife Queen of Israel. She went from Thirzo to Zilo, which was about 24 miles; there she asked counsel of Ahijam the Prophet, concerning her son Abia, for he was sick: but he told her heavy tidings, 1 Reg. 14.7. Wherefore being pensive and troubled in her mind, she returned back again to her husband to Thirzo, which was 24 miles, 1 Reg. 14. So these two journeys were 48 miles. The journey of the man of God which came out of juda. THis man of God (as josephus writeth, lib. Ant. 8.) came from jerusalem to Bethel, which was eight miles; and was called by the name of jadon, which signifieth, the judge of the Lord. When he came thither, he reproved jeroboam with an extraordinary spirit: of whom you may read more, 1 Reg. 13. But being deceived, as he was returning a Lion met him in the way, where he was slain, and after buried in a sepulchre in Bethel. The Travels of NADAB, the second King of Israel. NAdab, or Bonifacias succeeded his father jeroboam in the Kingdom of Israel, and was anointed while he was yet living; a liberal and freehearted Prince. He began to reign in the second year of Asa King of juda, Anno mundi 2992, and before Christ 977. He reigned during the life of his father a year and somewhat more: but when he had reigned two years, he went from Thirza with a great army, to the city of Gibithon, which was 36 miles: this town he besieged very straight, but at length was slain by one of his captains called Baesa; so he lost both his life and kingdom in that place, 1 Reg. 15. Of Gibithon. THis was a city of the Levites in the Tribe of Dan, not fare from Ekron in the land of the Philistines, 16 miles from jerusalem towards the West, and signifieth, a Royal or lofty gift. The Travels of Baesa King of Israel. BAesa is as much to say, as, An industrous and promt man in doing any thing. This may having slain his Master Nadab near unto Gibithon, usurped upon the Kingdom of Israel about the end of the third yearo of Asa King of juda, and began his reign Anno mundi 2992, before Christ, 974, and reigned over Israel almost 24 years, two of which he reigned with his son, 1 Reg. 15. He went from Gibithon to Thirza, 36 miles, where he utterly rooted out the whole stock and family of jeroboam. After, falling into Idolatry he was sharply reprehended for it by jehu the Prophet the son of Hanani; of whom you may read more, 1 Reg. 15. From Thirza he went to Ramah, which is 16 miles, this town he built and fortified it very strongly, 2 Chr. 29. But when he heard that Benhadad King of Syria had invaded Israel, he left his building at Ramah, and with all possible speed that he could went to Thirza, where he died and was buried, 1 Reg. 15. 2 Chr. 16. So all the Travels of Baesa were 68 miles. Of Ramah. Of this City you may read before. Of Ella or Elah King of Israel. ELah signifies, a cruel man. This was the son of Baasha King of Israel, who was crowned King (his father yet living) about the beginning of the 26 year of Asa king of juda; at such time as Benhadad king of Syria invaded and wasted Galilee. He reigned two years, one of them during the life of his father; the other alone in Thirza, at the end of which he was slain by Simri his servant, 1 Reg. 15. 16. Of Zimri King of Israel. SImri signifieth a singer, and was a captain over king Elahs' chariots; he reigned 7 days in Thirza, in which time he put to death and utterly rooted out all the posterity of Baasha: and then Omri besieged the City so straight that he had no hope to escape; wherefore he set the city and palace on fire, in which he also perished, 1 Reg. 15. 16. The Travels of Omri King of Israel. OMri signifieth, a soldier, or one that deserveth his pay. He was made King by the Israelites in his tent, while he was at wars near to Gibithon: from whence he went to Thirza, which was 36 miles, and besieged the same upon the very day that Simri had put the posterity of Baasha to the sword, and took it. He began to reign in Thirza Anno mundi 3017, and before Christ, 951, and reigned over Israel 12 years, the first six of which was in Thirza, the latter six in Samaria, 1 Reg. 16. From Thirza he went to mount Semer, six miles, there Omri built Samaria, and made it the seat of his kingdom. He went thither about the seventh year of his reign, 1 Reg. 16. So these two journeys were 42 miles. Of Samaria. SAmaria the chief seat and Metropolis of Israel, was built by Omri in mount Semer, 32 miles from jerusalem towards the North, and took that name of Semer who was Lord of that mountain, of whom K. Omri bought it for two talents of silver, which amounteth to 1200 crowns. In this city 14 Kings of Israel kept their Courts, viz. Omri who was the first founder of it, Ahab, Ahasia, jehoram, jehu, joachas, joas, jeroboam, Zacharias, Sallum, Menahem, Pekahia, Pekah, and Hosea, who was the last of the Kings of Israel that reigned in this city, and lost it, together with his liberty. Of all these Kings there were but five that died naturally, for the Lord being moved to wrath by reason of their impiety and idolatry, either gave them up into the hands of foreign enemies, or by civil war amongst themselves they cruelly murdered one another, until such time as the Assyrians destroyed the land, and led the people captive. Thus the Lord punished with a sharp and severe punishment, this obstinate nation, because they contemned the admonitions and doctrines of the Prophets, amongst which Elias and Elizeus were the chief. So that although Samaria was a fair and beautiful city, and the country for that cause was called the province of Samaria; yet notwithstanding, that great God the judge of all things, for the iniquity of the people caused this fair City to be left desolate, the inhabitants of the land to be dispersed, and the earth for want of due usage to lie as a wilderness, 2 Reg. 17. This city in the old Testament (according to the Hebrew phrase) is called Shaemaer of Schomron, which signifies, To keep, or a Tower of strength. You may read of this, 1 Reg. 2. 2 Reg. 1. 7. The Greeks' and Latins call it Samaria, which signifieth, The castle of jehovah, or of God. You may read more of this in the second Volume. Of Hiel that built jericho again. AFter the death of Omri King of Israel, when Ahab his son began to reign, Hiel a very rich man in the town of Bethel (that he might leave behind him an eternal memory of his name) went to jericho which had been formerly destroyed by joshuah the son of Nun, & had lain waist for the space of 536 years, where contrary to the commandment of the Lord, and curse of joshuah, he caused the said city to be rebuilt, (such was the impious security and incredulity of this man) but the Lord was angry with him, and he strooke all his children that they died. The eldest son called Abiram, at the laying of the foundation, and his youngest son called Segub, at the hanging on of the gates, Ios. 6. 1 Reg. 16. The Travels of King Ahab. AHab went from Samaria to the hill Carmel, where Elias put to death the Priests of Baal, which was about 32 miles, 1 Reg. 18. From thence he went to jezreel, which is sixteen miles, there he told his wife how Elias had put the priests of Baal to the sword, 1 Reg. 18. From jezreel he went again to Samaria, 18 miles, where being pressed with a hard siege by Benhadad King of Syria, he broke out of the city for his better safety, and by God's great providence and assistance he assailed the Syrians, put a great multitude of them to the sword, the rest fled, and he went away with a noble victory, as the Prophet of the Lord had formerly told him, 1 Reg. 20. From Samaria he went with his army to Napheck, which was 14 miles, where he renewed a second battle, and therein had good success, so that he took Benhadad alive, and put to the sword, 100000 Syrians. In this place the Prophet of the Lord reproved him for his ingratitude and obstinacy; wherefore Ahab being angry, he went from Apheck to Samaria, which was eight miles, 1 Reg. 20. From Samaria he went io jesreel, 16 miles, where that perfidious Queen jesabel caused Naboth to be put to death, and took possession of his Vineyard, 1 Reg. 21. From jezreel he went to Ramoth Giliad, 24 miles; and there in a fight that he had against the Syrians was so sore-wounded with an arrow, that he was constrained to leave the battle, 1 Reg. 22. And as he went back again to Samaria, which was 24 miles, he died of his wound. Of this man you may read more, 1 Reg. 21. 22. So all the Travels of Ahab were 152 miles. The Description of Carmel, Apheck and Ramoth, you may read before. Of jesreel. IEzreel is a city in the Tribe of Issachar, situated upon a rising ground, some 48 miles from jerusalem towards the North, where Ahab sometimes kept his court. Here Noboth the Israelite dwelled; an honest and religious man, one of good esteem and authority, that feared God, and would not suffer the inheritance of one Tribe, to be transferred to another; because God had commanded the contrary, Nu. vlt. For which cause he would not sell his vineyard to Ahab, wherefore jezabel (that wicked woman) to satisfy the King's desire, caused him to be stoned. jezreel signifies, The seed of God, being derived of Sera, Seed, and El, the Almighty God. Though in former times this hath been a fair town, yet at this day, there is not past 30 houses in it, and is called Charity; standing at the foot of Mount Gilboah: they show at this day the field of Naboth the jesrelite, lying towards the West, as you go into the city, a little before you come at it: This town standeth upon a fair prospect; for you may see from thence, through all Galilee, to Carmel, the mountains of Phoenicia and Mount Thabor; also from Mount Gilead, by jordan and Mount Salem [where john baptised] near by Mount Hermon, upon the North side of Mount Gilboah, there lies a fair and plain way to the city jezreel; by which jehu came, when he made wars upon jehoram King of Israel: of which you may read more, 2 Reg. 9 It stood not far from the river Kison, as you may read, Ios. 17.19. 1 Sam. 2. 1 Reg. 4. 18. Of Ahaziah the son of Ahab. AHaziah was crowned king of Israel during the life of his father: a cruel and wicked man, he began his reign in the 17 year of josaphat king of judah, Anno mundi 3049, and before Christ 919, about such time as Ahab went down to Ramoth Gilead to recover it from the Syrians: within a while after the death of his father, he fell through the lattice window, in his upper chamber which was in Samaria: of which hurt he died. Of this you may read more, 1 King. 1. The Travels of jehoram King of Israel. IEhoram succeeded his brother Ahazia in the kingdom of Israel; who began his reign in the 18 year of josaphat King of judah, and as josephus saith, li. Ant. 9 about the fifth year of his reign, went from Samaria to jerusalem, which was 32 miles. There he told josaphat how the king of Moab had rebelled against him, therefore desired him to go along with him to the war, 2 Reg. 3. Then jehoram and josaphat, and the King of Edom, went from jerusalem, and compassed about through the wilderness of Idumaea, by the space of seven days: so that they and their army for want of water, had almost perished: but at the prayers of the Prophet Elisha, they were miraculously preserved. At length they came to Petra the Metropolitan City of the Moabites, and is distant from jerusalem 172 miles, which they took, and consumed it with fire and sword, 2 Reg. 3. From the city of Petra, jehoram King of Israel, returned back to Samaria, which was 104 miles: where within a while afrer, he was so sorely besieged by Benhadad, king of Syria, that the famine grew very great within the town, insomuch as a certain woman eat her own child, 2 Reg. 6. From Samaria, he went to Ramoth in Gilead, with his army, which is 24 miles, where he was overcome by Asahel King of the Syrians, and wounded even to the death, 2 Reg. 8. From the fight of Ramoth Gilead, he was carried in his chariot back to jezreel, which was 24 miles, where he lay to be cured of his hurts. But jehu one of his chief Captains, rebelled against him, and as he was in his Chariot, shot an arrow, and wounded him the second time, whereof he died in the field of Naboth the jezrelite, 2 Reg. 9 So all the Travels of jehoram were 356 miles. The Travels of jehu King of Israel. JEHV signifies, A constant man in himself, and was the son of josaphat, the son of Nimschi, he was anointed King of Israel in the castle at Ramoth in Gilead, by Elisha, Anno mundi, 3063, and before Christ, 905: he reigned 28 years, 2 Reg. 9 From Ramoth in Gilead, in his Chariot he went to jezreel, which was 24 miles; where in the field of Naboth the jezrelite he killed jehoram with an arrow. And when he came to the gates of the city, he caused jezabel to be thrown from a tower, whom he trampled under his horse feet: And after in that same place she was eaten up with dogs. Then he sent messengers to Samaria, commanding the Samaritans, that they should put to death the 70 sons of Ahab, which they immediately did, and sent their heads unto him in baskets, 2 Reg. 10. From jezreel he went to Samaria, which is 16 miles. In that journey he caused to be slain by his ministers, the 42 brothers of Ahaziah king of juda, near to the well which was beside the house where sheep was shorn. And when he came to Samaria, he caused all the posterity of Ahab to be utterly destroyed and rooted out. And to conclude the tragedy, by a cunning policy, put to death all the priests of Baal, 2 Reg. 10. So all the travels of jehu, were 40 miles. Of jehoahas King of Israel. IEhoahas was the son of jehu, and succeeded his father in the Kingdom of Israel: he began his reign in the 33 year of joas King of judah, in the year of the World, 3091, and before Christ, 876: he reigned over Israel 17 years. God stirred up against this wicked King, Asahel King of the Syrians, who with 10000 foot and five hundred horse, besieged Samaria very strongly; put to the sword many of his subjects, and got many cities and towns from him, as the Prophet Elisha had before told him, 2 Reg. 8. 13. The Travels of joas King of Israel. IOas succeeded his father jehoahas, and while he was yet living was anointed King of Israel, in the 37 year of joas King of judah, and reigned two years with his father, after his death 15: so all the reign of joas, was 17 years. This man was a great soldier, and went from Samaria with an army against the City of Apheck, which was 14 miles: there he smote the Syrians, and in three several battles carried away the victory: recovering the Cities which his father jehoahas had lost, according to the prophecy of Elisha, 2 Reg. 17. From Apheck he returned to Samaria, which was fourteen miles. From thence he went with his army to Bethsemes, in the land of juda, where in a sharp and cruel war, he conquered Amasia, and took him alive, 2 Reg. 14. which was 32 miles. From Bethsemes, he went to jerusalem, and carried the King thereof with him captive, which was 4 miles. He won the city, and broke down the Walls of it, from the gate of Ephraim till you come to the Angle gate, four hundred cubits in length, 2 Reg. 14. From the City of jerusalem, joas the conqueror returned to Samaria, with the spoil of the temple, and of the King's house, with many captives, and a great prey, which was 32 miles: where at the end of the seventeenth year of his reign, he died, and was buried. In this man's time, Elisha the Prophet died, 2 Reg. 13. 14. So all the travels of joas were 96 miles. Of Bethsemes. Of this City you may read before. The Travels of jeroboam the second of that name King of Israel. THis jeroboam succeeded his father joas in the Kingdom of Israel, and began his reign Anno mundi, 3123, and before Christ, 845, which according to the text of the Bible, happened about the 15 year of Amasia King of juda, and he reigned 41 years, 2 Reg. 14. He kept his court at Samaria, where the Prophet jonas told him, that he should recover not only the towns and cities of the land of Israel that had been lost, but also the cities of Hemeth and Damascus: Wherefore he gathered a great army out of the city of Samaria, and went thence unto Hemeth or Antiochia in Syria, which was 248 miles. This City he conquered, and all the country thereabout; so that he recovered all the ancient Towns and Cities that belonged to David and Saul, even from Hemeth in Syria, to Soba in Armenia, with all the Cities, Towns, Castles, and Countries, near adjoining to them, 2 Reg. 14. From Hemeth or Antiochia, he went to Damascus, which is 140 miles. This city he also took, and all the country of Syria round about, he made tributary to him, 2 Reg. 14. From Damascus he went to the Red sea, even 320 miles: and also recovered all the South part, which in times past belonged unto the kingdom of Israel, 2 Reg. 14. After this, he returned to Samaria his own country, which was 192 miles: where, in the 41 year of his reign, he died, and was there buried. After his death, the kingdom of Israel was oppressed with tyranny, until it was destroyed by foreign nations: and for the space of 12 years there was no King that succeeded him. In the reign of this king (a little before his death) there happened an horrible earthquake; of which you may read Amos 1. which without doubt did foreshow some eminent changes that should happen in that kingdom, as did afterward, Zac. 41. So all the travels of jeroboam, (the second of that name) were 900 miles. Of Zachariah King of Israel. Twelve years after the death of jeroboam, Zachariah his son began his reign in Israel, in the 38 year of Azaria king of juda, which was Anno mundi, 3975, and before Christ, 793: he reigned six months, and then was miserably slain by Sallum his friend, 2 Reg. 15. joseph. lib. Antiq. 9 Of Sallum King of Israel. SAllum began to reign after he had slain Zachariah, in the 39 year of Azariah King of juda: and when he had reigned scarce a month, he was slain by Menahem, losing his life and kingdom together, 2 Reg. 15. The Travels of Menahem. MEnahem was borne in Thirza, in the Tribe of juda; who began to reign in the same year that he slew Sallum: he reigned ten years, 2 Reg. 10. From Thirza he went to Samaria with his army, which was six miles: where (having slain Sallum his Lord and King) he usurped upon the kingdom, 2 Reg. 15. From thence he went to Thipsa; which is six miles. This town he cruelly destroyed with fire and sword, and all the towns thereabout, because they refused to open their gates unto him. From Thipsa this cruel tyrant went back again to Samaria, 6 miles, where he grievously afflicted the children of Israel ten years. Wherefore the Lord being offended with him for his exceeding cruelty, stirred up Phul Belochus King of Assyria, who came from Babylon to Samaria, being 624 miles, and put King Menahem to such an exceeding great straight, that he was constrained to buy and procure his peace with * What this was in our money you may read after in the quantity of moneys. 1000 talents: which money being received, he suffered him to enjoy his kingdom, and returned back unto Babylon with all his army, 2 Reg. 15. So all the travels of King Menahem were 18 miles. Of Thypsa. THis was a town near to that kingly city Thirza, situated in the tribe of Manasses, 24 miles from jerusalem Northward. But because the inhabitants thereof denied to open their gates to this cruel tyrant Menahem, therefore he utterly destroyed it even to the ground. Thipsa signifieth, The Paschal Lamb, or a Passeover; being derived of Pasach, He passed by. Of PEKAHIA King of Israel. PEkahia reigned two years after his father's death; at the end of which term he was slain by Pekah the son of Remalia, who succeeded him in the government. joseph. lib. Antiq. 9 saith, That this murder was done at a banquet. The Travels of PEKAH King of Israel. PEkah the son of Remalia began to reig●● in Samaria, Anno mundi 3189, and before Christ 779. in the 52 year of Azariah King of judah, and reigned over Israel 20 years, 2 Reg. 15. 16. From the city of Samaria he went with Resin King of Syria to jerusalem, which was 32 miles, and besieged it, but could not take it: nevertheless he overcame Ahaz King of juda in a great battle, and put to the sword in one day above 12000 soldiers that bare armour. In this war were taken 200000 women, children and maids, all which he carried Captives to Samaria, 2 Reg. 16. 2 Chr. 28. From jerusalem he returned to Samaria with a great booty, which was 32 miles, and at the command of Obed the Prophet set at liberty all his captives. After, about the end of the 20 year of his reign, he was slain by Hosea his chief captain, who succeeded him in the government, 2 Reg. 15. So all the travels of Pekah were 64 miles. Of HOSEA the last King of Israel. HOsea began to reign in the fourth year of Ahas king of juda, Anno mundi 3209, and before Christ 759. He kept Court at Samaria, and was a cruel and wicked King. Wherefore God stirred up Salmanasser Emperor of the Assyrians, who about the end of the 7 year of his reign came to Samaria and besieged it for the space of 3 years: at the end of the third year with great labour he won it and all the country round about; so that he took King Hosea prisoner, and led him together with a great multitude of the jews (amongst which were Gabriel and Raphel the friends of Toby the elder) thence to Niniveh captives, being 652 miles. From Niniveh he sent them to a place called Rages in Medea, being 752 miles, and in that country peopled many towns & cities with them; so that there were many of the Israelites led into captivity above 1396 miles, for so many miles is Rages and the Cities of the Medes from jerusalem Northeastward. This captivity of the ten Tribes happened An. mundi 3227, and before Christ 741. OF the cities of Rages and Niniveh you may read in the travels of Toby and the Angel Gabriel. The Travels of the People which SALMANASSER Emperor of the Assyrians sent to dwell in the Land of Israel. SALMANASSER after he had carried the Children of Israel away captive into Assyria, sent (as it is said) part of them into Media, and part of them into Persia, and so dispersed them here and there about the Country. But because the Land of Israel by reason of this captivity became desolate and without inhabitants, therefore he caused those people which dwelled about the river Cutha in Persia, to go thence and dwell in Samaria, and in all the country round about, to till the land and dress the Vines, lest some other people that were strangers to his government should usurp upon that kingdom, it being thus without inhabitants, Ios. li. Ant. 9 You may read of this also, 2 Reg. 7. In whose place, and near to the said river of Cutha, a multitude of jews with great shame and grief were constrained to dwell. He also gathered a great multitude of other people out of Babylon, Hamath, or Antiochia, some out of his own dominions of Assyria, also out of Medea, and the people of Ava and Sepharuaijm; which people are mentioned, Esay 37. and sent them to inhabit in Samaria and all the cities and countries round about, because it was a fertile and pleasant country, and to defend it against the incursions of strangers. From whence may be gathered, that in this behalf the policy of this Emperor was much greater that of the Romans, for the retaining of this kingdom; but especially than that of Titus Vespasian; for he having conquered the land, wasted it and destroyed it with fire and sword, put thence the inhabitants, and dispersed them here and there, left the country bare and naked, only a few Garrisons were placed in the strongest cities, to keep it to their use. Which not being able enough to oppose the incursions of the Saracens, that in great Troops broke out of the Deserts of Arabia Petraea, they soon lost all that they had gotten; and the Turks joining with them, they have now gained into their possession that pleasant and fruitful Land of judaea, and inhabit therein even to this day, to the great detriment and scandal of the Christians. But to return to the people sent to inhabit this kingdom, who as they were of diverse Nations, so were they of diverse religions, and every Family had his particular god. Wherefore the Lord sent a multitude of Lions among them, which daily vexed them: from whence it happened that Salmanasser was constrained to send back unto them a Levite (one of the Priests that had been carried away captive) to show them the true worship of God. He came to Bethel, and there taught them the doctrine of the Lord, and the customs and ceremonies of the Mosaical Law: whereby it happened that they began to worship God and their idols, in neither observing their ancient custom. For which cause they became so abominable unto the jews, that they refused their company and familiarity, (as that Samaritan woman confessed to Christ at jacobs' Well, joh. 4.) so that when the jews could call a man by any ignominious or odious name, they would term him a Samaritan, joh. 8. Do we not say rightly that thou art a samaritan, and hast a Devil. But of all the people which Salmanasser sent into the Holy land, those that came out of the East part of Persia from Cutha (called Cutheis) dwelled in Samaria, and got the chief command and government over the rest. The Travels of the Kings of Syria that made war upon the Kings of Israel. And first of the Travels or incursions of BENHADAD. BEnhadad King of Syria went from Damascus the chief city of his kingdom, and came to Samaria and straight besieged it in the time of Ahab King of Israel, 1 Reg. 20. being 132 miles. From thence (being overcome and put to flight by Ahab) he returned back again to Damascus, which was 132 miles. The second time he came from thence, and invaded the land of Israel even unto the city of Apheck, 124 miles, which he besieged. But Ahab King of Israel overcame him in a great battle, and put 100000 Syrians to the sword; and when the rest of the multitude would have fled into the city, the ruins of a wall fell upon them, so that there died 27000. This put King Benhadad into such a fear, that he was constrained to fly from one chamber to another to hide himself; but at lost was taken, and (not without the great wrath and indignation of God) by that wicked king Ahab pardoned and set at liberty, 2 Reg. 20. Wherefore he went thence back unto Damascus, which was 124 miles. Within three years after he brought a great army against Ramoth in Gilead, which is 104 miles from Damascus' South-eastward. Here he won of Ahab a great battle, in which Ahab was slain with an arrow, 1 Reg. 22. From thence he returned back to Damascus, which was about 104 miles. After that, he came again from Damascus into the land of Israel with a great army, 120 miles; where he counselled with his Captains and men of war, saying, Here and there will we incamp ourselves. But the Prophet Elisha discovered their purposes, 2 Reg. 6. Out of the land of Israel he returned to Damascus, which was 120 miles. From thence he returned again with his army to Samaria, being 132 miles; which the second time he besieged so straightly, that an asses head was worth 80 pieces of silver. But yet the Lord at the fervent prayers of Elizeus the Prophet, struck such a fear and anguish among the enemies, that Benhadad and his army were constrained to fly, 2 Reg. 6. Being sore troubled because he was thus put to flight, he went to Damascus, which was 132 miles, and there within a while after died of grief, 2 Reg. 9 So all the travels of King Benhadad were 1224 miles. The Travels of the Captains which Benhadad King of Syria sent to waste and destroy the land of Baesa King of Israel. THis army went from Damascus, and came to the town of Hion, 72 miles. From thence they went to Dan, which is 4 miles. From Dan they went to the city of Abel-Bethmaacha, twelve miles. From thence they went to the land of Chineroth, which was accounted 8 miles: there they took certain cities of fruit, and spoiled and destroyed them. From Chineroth in the tribe of Nepthali (when they had cruelly wasted & destroyed that country) they returned with a great booty to Damascus, being 88 miles, 1 Reg. 15. So all their Travels were 184 miles. ¶ The Description of the Places to which they traveled. Hion and Dan. HIon and Dan are two towns near to mount Libanus and the fountains of jordan, some 104 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. Hion signifies A town of the fountain, because it standeth near to the Town or Fountains from whence jordan issueth. Of Abel-Bethmaacha you may read before. Of Chineroth. THis Chineroth or Cineroth was the metropolitan City of the tribe of Nepthali, 72 miles from jerusalem Northward It was situated in a very fruitful and pleasant place, and for that cause was so called; for Kinroth being derived of Kinnor, signifieth Music or Mirth. The Travels of NAAMAN the Syrian. NAaman came from Damascus to Samaria, which was 132 miles, to be cured of his Leprosy by Elizeus; who commanded him to go to the river jordan, and wash himself therein 7 times, and he should be cleansed. Wherefore from Samaria he went to jordan, 26 miles, & there according to the commandment of the Prophet, he washed himself 7 times, and was cleansed, 2 Reg. 5. From the river jordan he returned back again to Elizeus the Prophet, to give him thanks for that benefit, which was about 16 miles. From Samaria he returned back to Damascus, 132 miles. So all the travels of Naaman the Syrian were 296 miles. The Travels of HASAEL King of Syria. He went from Damascus (where Elizeus told him that he should succeed his Lord and Master Benhadad in the kingdom, to Ramoth Gilead with his Army, which was 104 miles. There he overcame jehoram king of Israel in a great battle, 2 Reg. cap. 8. From thence he returned to Damascus, 104 miles. After he went from Damascus to the city Aroer, which was 132 miles. From thence he went through the land of Giliad into the kingdom of Basan, until he came to mount Libanus, which is accounted 80 miles, and conquered all that part. 2 Reg. 10. After he returned into his own kingdom to Damascus, which is 320 miles. Within a while after, he went again from Damascus with his army to Gath, which is reckoned 188 miles. This city he won. From Gath he went to jerusalem, 32 miles, which he besieged so straight, that joas King of judah was constrained to give him great abundance of gold to raise his siege and be gone, 2 Reg. 12. From jerusalem he went back to Damascus, which was about 160 miles. The last journey that he went against the Israelites, was when he besieged Samaria, at which time he won many cities & towns round about in the country, and made them tributaries to him, 2 Reg. 13. which was 132 miles. Having finished this expedition he returned back to Damascus, 132 miles, and there died and was buried. So all the travels of Hasael King of Syria were 1384 miles. The cities of Aroer and Gath are described before; therefore I shall not need to speak of them again in this place. The Travels of BENHADAD second of that name, King of Syria. THis Benhadad was the son of Hasael, and succeeded him in the government. He went from the city Damascus with a great army to Apheck, which is 104 miles. This King was three times one after another overthrown by joab King of Israel, & lost all those cities which Hasael his father had formerly conquered, 2 Reg. 13. From Apheck he returned to Damascus, 104 miles, and there died. So both journeys were 208 miles. The Travels of RESIN King of Syria. RESIN King of Syria went from Damascus, and joining his Army with that of Pekah King of Israel, they went to jerusalem and straight besieged Ahab King of judah, 2 Reg. 16. which was 160 miles. At this time (which was in the year of the world 3206, and before Christ 762, the Prophet Esay ca 7. foretold of the birth of our Saviour Christ, saying, Behold, a Virgin being great shall bring forth a child, and shall call his name EMANVEL. From thence he brought his army through Idumaea to Elath a city of the Red sea, some 160 miles from jerusalem towards the South, and 16 miles from Ezeongaber Northward. This city Resin won, and thrust the jews out of it. From Elath he went to Damascus, 280 miles, where he was slain by Tiglath Phulasser that mighty King of the Assyrians, who carried a great multitude of the inhabitants of Damascus into the country of Siren, where they endured a miserable exile, 2 Reg. 16. So all the travels of King Resin were 600 miles. The Travels of the Kings of judah which reigned in the City of jerusalem: and first of the Travels of REHOBOHAM. REhoboam the son of Solomon succeeded his father in the Kingdom, and began his reign Anno mundi 2971, and before Christ 977. who by reason of his extreme cruelty and threats (following the counsel of his young Courtiers, rather than of his grave Senators) the same year lost 10 of the Tribes, that fell from him and rebelled against him; so that he reigned over judah and Benjamin 17 years, 1 Reg. 11. 14. A little after the death of Solomon he went to Sichem, 32 miles, where he was anointed and crowned King. But the people perceiving that he carried himself very proudly and arrogantly, desired him that he would ease him of the burden formerly imposed upon them by his father: (for Solomon had set a certain Tax on every man, because he was at extraordinary charges as long as the temple was building) but he little regarding their request told them that his little finger should be heavier than the whole burden of his father: wherefore they disliking his speech, fell all from him, except Benjamin and judah. Wherefore the King shunning the fury of the people, with all possible speed went from Sichem to jerusalem back again, being 32 miles. Then he fortified all the chief cities of juda and Benjamin, 2 Chr. 11. So all the travels of Rehoboam were 64 miles. But he principally fortified 14 cities in the tribe of juda, that with the more safety he might oppose his enemy jeroboam King of Israel, viz. Bethlehem, Etam, Thecoa, Bethzura, Adullam, Gath Maresa, Ziph, Adoraijm, Lachis, Aseca, Zarea, Ajalon, & Hebron: most of which towns, and the memorable actions done in them, are described in the former part of this Treatise. I will therefore speak only of such towns as have not as yet been mentioned. Of Maresa. THis was a city in the tribe of juda, 16 miles from jerusalem Westward, which Rehoboam repaired and fortified, 2 Chr. 11. where King Asa overcame the Ethiopians in a cruel battle, 2 Chr. 14. Here Michaias' and Eleazar the Prophets were born, 2 Chr. 20. Mich. 1.2. Ios. 15 Georgias also fled into this city when he was overcome by judas Machabeus, 2 Mac. 12. It was situated on the borders of the tribes of juda and Dan, as S. jerom saith, in whose time the ruins thereof were to be seen. Maresca signifies an Inheritance, being derived of Moraschah, that is, a Possession. Of Bethzura. THis is a strong castle (often mentioned in the history of the Maccabees) situated on a mountain some 5 furlongs from jerusalem Southward, and fell by lot unto the tribe of juda. This tower was as it were a bulwark for the city of jerusalem, & stood in the way as you go thence to Bethlem and so to Gaza. Of Zareah. THis was a city in the tribe of juda, eight miles from jerusalem toward the West, which Rehoboam did also repair and fortify, 2 Chr. 11. There was another city of this name, situated upon the border of the tribes of juda and Dan, 18 miles from jerusalem Westward; of which you may read in the travels of Samson. Of Adoraijm. ADoraijm or Adarah was a city in the tribe of juda, 44 miles from jerusalem Southwestward; which Rehoboam the son of Solomon also fortified, 2 Chr. 11. It is situated upon the borders of judah and Arabia Petraea, between Cades and Casmona. It signifies a glorious City, being derived of Adar, he was glorious. The Travels of King Abia. ABijah or Abia signifies, The Father of the sea. He began to reign in the 18 year of jeroboam his Adversary, An. mundi 2988, before Christ 980, and reigned over Israel 3 years, 1 Reg. 15. 2 Chr. 17. He went from jerusalem to the mount Zemeraim, 8 miles. After that he went to Bethel, and conquered all the country from thence to Ephron, which was 36 miles. From Ephron he returned to jerusalem, 44 miles: there he took unto him 14 wives, and begat 20 sons and 16 daughters, 2 Chron. 13. The Travels of ASA King of judah. ASa signifies a Physician. He began to reign about the end of the 21 year of jeroboam King of Israel, An. mundi 2990. before Christ 978. He governed judah with great commendations 41 years. He went from jerusalem to Maresa, 16 miles, where in the valley of Zephatha he overcame the Ethiopians in a memorable battle, 2 Chr. 14. From thence he pursued the Ethiopians to Gerar, being 22 miles and recovered many cities which the Ethiopians dwelled in. 2 Chr. ca 14. From Gerar he went to jerusalem, which was 32 miles, and offered to the Lord of the spoils that he had taken, 700 Oxen, and 7000 sheep, 2 Chr. 15. These travels of King Asa make 70 miles. The journey and expedition of Saerah King of Aethiopia, whom Asa King of judah overcame in the valley of Zephatha. SAerah or Saerach signifieth A noble and puissant Lord. This was a mighty and warlike Prince, who governed Lybia and Aethiopia; the King of which country at this day we call Presbyter john, or rather Petro johannes; who holdeth his Court in a fair and goodly city called Hamarich, the Metropolitan of all Aethiopia, and extendeth his government beyond Meroes' in Africa. Many (though ignorantly) suppose he is a Priest, because he is called Presbyter, though indeed he is not so, but rather a puissant and mighty Emperor. But to return to Saerah or Saerach, who in hope to extend his Empire into these parts, went with a great army out of Ethiopia, to the valley of Zephatha in juda, to fight with Asa King of judah, 1200 miles; but lost the day, and returned with great shame, 2 Chr. 15. It seemeth that this King was the mightiest of all his predecessors, and a Prince of no vulgar estimation, because of the multitude and great abundance of soldiers which he brought in his army; for it is reported that there were 1000000 that bore armour and 300 chariots; but this great army was dispersed, and most of them died miserably: as did that great army of Xerxes, which consisted of 1700000. From whence it may be concluded, That it is not the strength of man which delivereth him, but the Lord. The Travels of JEHOSAPHAT King of judah. IEhosaphat signifies, The judge of the Lord. He began his reign in the fourth year of Ahab, 1 Reg. 22. The greatest part therefore of the first year of this King happened in the year of the world 3033, and before Christ 935. He reigned over Israel 25 years, that is, from the 35 of his age, till the 60. In the 7 year of his reign he went from jerusalem to Samaria, which was 32 miles, to visit his kinsman Ahab King of Israel: for joram his son some ten years before had married Athaliah King Ahab's Sister, 2 Reg. 8. From Samaria he went with Ahab to the war at Ramoth in Gilead, which was 24 miles, where Ahab was slain, 2 Reg. 22. 2 Chr. 18. From Ramoth he went safe from the wars to jerusalem, which was 48 miles. From jerusalem he went to the city of Beersaba, the utmost bounds of his kingdom towards the South, to instruct his people in the Law of the Lord; which was 42 miles from jerusalem Southward. From Beersaba, passing through all his kingdom he came to Mount Ephraim, which was 48 miles, and the utmost bounds of his kingdom Northward, being some 8 miles from jerusalem, 2 Chr. 19 From Mount Ephraim he went to jerusalem, which was eight miles. Thus jehosaphat went through all his dominions, to instruct his subjects in piety and the true worship of God: In every City ordaining judges and Governors, Magistrates, Procurators, and Assessors, committing to their discretion the deciding of all controversies; saying to them, Take heed what you do, for the office which you have taken upon you is not humane, but Divine: and as you judge, so shall you be judged; for the Lord is with you in judgement. Wherefore do all things with diligence, and in the fear of the Lord; for with the Lord there is no iniquity, nor respect of persons, neither taketh he any bribes. And he himself remained chief judge in jerusalem, to whom any might appeal from the inferior judges, that so there might be a just end of controversies, 2 Chr. 16. Afterward jehosaphat went forth with his army to Tecoa, six miles from jerusalem, where by fervent prayers, the sounding of trumpets and other musical instruments, he obtained a memorable battle against the Moabites, Ammonites, and Idumaeans; for the Lord turned the weapons of them one against another, and they wounded one another to the death. This fight happened in a fair valley between Tecoa and Engedi. So jehosaphat pursued the enemy for three days with great slaughter, and returned with a mighty spoil. This was called the valley of Blessing, because of this great victory at Tecoa, and began 8 miles from jerusalem Southeastward, and extended itself to the tower of Engedi near to the bank of the red sea, 20 miles. From Engedi (out of the valley of Blessing) jehosaphat and his army returned to jerusalem, 20 miles, and went into the Temple with shawms, harps, timbrels, and great joy, thankfully acknowledging Gods merciful favour toward him in giving him so great a victory, 2 Chr. 20. But as there is nothing in this life that can be said permanent, so likewise the felicity of jehosaphat changed on a sudden, the froward and adverse frown of adversity seizing upon his prosperity: for joining with that wicked and impious King of Israel Ahaziah, upon condition to build a certain navy of ships at Ezeongaber, to fetch gold from Tharshish and other places in India, he displeased the Lord; for which cause there arose a great tempest, which broke down the works and destroyed the Navy. From jerusalem he went with jehoram King of Israel to war against the Moabites, and with them went the King of Idumaea: so passing through the deserts of Edom, they came to Mount Seir, and so went to Petra the chief city of the King of the Moabits, distant from jerusalem 72 miles, 2 Reg. 3. From Petra jehosaphat returned to jerusalem, 72 miles, where he died and was buried, 2 Reg. 22. 2 Chr. 21. So all the travels of jehosaphat King of juda were 372 miles. The Typical signification of JEHOSAPHAT. AS jehosaphat by prayer, and the sound of trumpets and other instruments of music overcame & dispersed his enemies without drawing his sword; so Christ also by the sound of his Word and doctrine, without drawing weapon, overcame the enemies of the Church. The Travels of JORAM King of judah. IOram signifies, The Exalted of the Lord. He was crowned king (his father yet living) at such time as he made his expedition against Mesa King of the Moabites, which happened about the fift year of jehoram King of Israel, An. mundi 3055, before Christ 913. He reigned with his father jehosaphat 2 years, and after his decease six. So joram reigned 8 years over judah, and when he was forty years old died miserably, 2 Reg. 8. 9 About the beginning of the second year of this King's reign, (which was the sixth of jehoram King of Israel) Elias the Prophet was taken up into heaven. About the beginning of his reign he went from jerusalem to Mount Seir, which was 28 miles Southward; where he used such extreme cruelty toward the Edomites, which at this time were his subjects, that of a sudden they fell from him, and chose them a King of their own, 2 Reg. 8. From the Mountain of Seir he returned to jerusalem which is 28 miles, and there cruelly put to death his own brothers. But God stirred up against him the Philistines and Arabians, who broke into juda, and destroyed it with fire and sword. They also went to jerusalem, and took thence all his substance and riches, put his children to the sword, all but joachas, which also called Ahaziah or Ochorias; & carried away his wives captive into Arabia Foelix, which is near unto Ethiopia, 1200 miles. Then the Lord strooke him with an extreme pain in his bowels, of which after two years he died, and was buried without any funeral pomp or honourable respect, near to the King's tower. A man unworthy to be buried in the sepulchre of the rest of the Kings, because he so much degenerated from David his predecessor, 2 Reg. 8. 2 Chr. 28. So all the travels of joram were 56 miles. The Travels of AHAZIAH King of judah. AHaziah (which also was called jehoachas) succeeded his Father joram in the government of judah, & began his reign in the 12 year of jehoram King of Israel, Ann. mundi 3062. and before Christ 906, and reigned one year, 1 Reg. 8. He went from jerusalem to Ramoth in Gilead, which is accounted 48 miles: There he went to battle with jehoram King of Israel against the Syrians, 2 Reg. 8. 2 Chr. 22. From Ramoth in Gilead he returned to jerusalem, forty eight miles. Within a while after he went back again to visit his kinsman jehoram King of Israel, to jesreel, for he was wounded in the battle against Hasael, and lay there to be cured: which was forty and eight miles. With jehoram he went to meet jehu the Captain of the Host, who shot an Arrow and wounded jehoram, that he died in the field of Naboth the jesreelite. Wherefore Ahaziah to save his life fled with all possible speed, taking his way to the King's garden that stood close by the vineyard of Naboth the jesreelite, not fare from the City and Tower of jezreel. But jehu followed him so close, that he wounded him as he ascended up unto a place called GUR, which signifieth, A Lion's Whelp; near unto the Town which is called jiblea. Wherefore Ahaziah feeling himself hurt, he went to Megiddo, four miles from jesreel, and near to Apheck upon the West. There, as josephus saith, Lib. Antiq. 9) he caused his wounds to be searched and bound up. This city of Megiddo is 48 miles from jerusalem Northward. From Megiddo he went to Samaria, which was 14 miles: there he lay hid for a while, flying from one place to another, to save himself, 2 Chron. 22. But being found out he was carried back to the city of Megiddo, which was 14 miles; and at the commandment of jehu, was there slain, 1 Reg. 8. From Megiddo his carcase was carried to jerusalem, which was 48 miles, and there buried, 2 Reg. 8. 2 Chron. 22. So all the Travels of Ahaziah King of judah, were 224 miles. Of that Idolatrous and wicked Queen Athalia. AThalia was sister to Ahab and daughter to Omri, married to joram son of that good King jehosaphat, when he was but 17 years of age: and after the death of Azahiah (who was slain about the 23 years of age) she usurped upon the kingdom of Israel (anno mundi, 3063, before Christ, 905,) and reigned with great tyranny almost 7 years: So soon as she had obtained the government, she cruelly and miserably put to death all the children of Ahaziah, and all those that were next heir to the Kingdom; only joas, who was saved by the policy of jehoshabeath sister to Ahasiah, that stole him from among the rest of the King's sons, and put him to nurse in her bedchamber: and he was with them in the house of God six years, all which time Athalia reigned over the land. And in the seventh year, jehoiada waxed bold and proclaimed joas King, as being next heir to the crown, and anointed him in the temple; who after Athalia was slain succeeded in the government, 2 Reg. 11. 4. 2 Chron. 22. Of joas King of judah. IOas began th' reign over judah when he was almost 7 years of age, and about the middle of the seventh year of jehu King of Israel, anno mundi, 3069, and before Christ, 899, and reigned over judah 40 years. He did that which was acceptable in the sight of the Lord all the days of jehoiada the Priest, who crowned him king: but after his death he fell into evil courses, and caused that good Priest Zachariah (the son of jehoiada, who was the author of all his preferment) to be stoned to death in the upper court of the Temple; which act argued that he was very unthankful and tyrannical. But the Lord (displeased with his cruelty) within a year after the death of Zachariah, stirred up the Syrians, who invaded judaea, and spoiled the city of jerusalem: in which war all those that stirred up the king to Idolatry were cruelly slain. To conclude, within a while after some of his courtiers conspired against him, and as he lay sick of a grievous disease in his bed put him to death; and buried him in Millo, the City of David. Thus God justly punished this tyrant for his unthankfulness, apostasy, and cruelty, when he had lived 47 years, 2 Reg. 12. The Travels of Amasiah King of juda. AMasias, or Amasiah signifies, the strength of jehovah. This man was 25 years of age when he was enthronised by his father, about the second year of joas King of Israel, Anno mundi, 3108, and before Christ 806. He ruled the kingdom while his father was sick one year, and after his decease 28: so all the years of his reign were 29. He went with an army from jerusalem to Saelag, that is to the tower or rock of Mount Seir, 40 miles towards the South: here in the valley of Salt he put to death a multitude of the Idumaeans. And although this town was very strongly situated; yet he won it, and called it joctiel, that is, The ear of the Lord; because God in that place heard his prayers: being derived of jakah and El, which is, God hath heard. near to this Town Amasiah commanded ten thousand Idumaeans which he had taken in war, to be cast down headlong from the top of an high rock into a deep valley, in which fall their bones were shattered all to pieces, and they died miserably, 2 Reg. 14. From Selag joctiel he returned to jerusalem, which was 40 miles; where he began to worship the gods of the Idumaeans that he brought along with him, 2 Chron. 25. From jerusalem he went to Bethsemes, and there was overcome by joas King of Israel, which was 4 miles, 2 Chron. 25. From Bethsemes joas led Amasiah back again to jerusalem captive, which was 4 miles, 2 Reg. 14. From jerusalem he fled to the city of Lachis, which was 20 miles, and there was slain by his own servants, 2 Chron. 25. From Lachis his carcase was carried back again to jerusalem 20 miles: where it was buried in the city of David, 2 Reg. 14. 2 Chron. 25. So all his travels were 128 miles. The Travels of Azariah, or Vzziah King of judah. THis man succeeded his father Amasia (in the year of the world 3138, and before Christ, 830) when he was but 16 years of age, and reigned 52 years: his mother's name was jecoliah of jerusalem. He did those things that were upright in the sight of the Lord, therefore the Lord blessed him. And after the death of his father, built Elah, and restored it to judah. He therefore went from jerusalem to Elah, 160 miles towards the South, and rebuilt that town (it being a famous Mart town, situated upon the red sea) and fortified it, because Resin King of the Syrians in times past for want of due fortification won it, and destroyed it, 2 Chron 26. From Elah he returned to jerusalem, 160 miles. After he went from jerusalem to Gath a city of the Philistines, which was accounted 34 miles: this town he won, beat down the walls, and destroyed the Bulwarks thereof. From thence he went to jabnia, which is 24 miles, and broke down the walls thereof, 2 Chron. 26. From thence he went to Azotus or Asdod, which was 8 miles, 2 Chron. 26. From Asdod he went again to jerusalem, being 22 miles. Within a while after, he gathered an army, and went from jerusalem to Gur-Baal, that is, Gerar; where he overcame the Arabians in a great battle, which was 32 miles, 2 Chron. 26. From Gerar he returned to jerusalem, being 32 miles. He went from jerusalem the third time into the land of the Amonites, 60 miles; which people he conquered, and made tributary to him: so that he was made famous through all the countries thereabout, even to the utmost part of Egypt, because of his often victories and triumphs, 2 Chron. 26. Out of the land of the Ammonites he returned to jerusalem, which was 60 miles. But now being lift up with the prosperity of fortune, and not content with his regal dignity, he endeavoured to have chief authority over the Priests also: for which cause he went into that part of the temple where the Altar of sweet incense stood (where it was lawful for none to go but the Priests) and there took upon him to offer sweet incense; but as he was offering the Lord struck him with Leprosy, so that he was constrained to dwell in a house by himself, separated from the congregation: And his son jotham governed in his stead all the days of his life. But within a while after he died of this disease, and was buried in the King's garden at jerusalem, and not in the sepulchre of the Kings, 2 Reg. 15. 2 Chron. 26. So all the travels of Azariah King of juda, were 592 miles. Of the places to which he traveled. Of Elah. THis was a city situated upon the Red Sea, 160 miles from jerusalem towards the South; between Eziongaber and Midian. This city, Resin King of the Syrians conquered; but Azariah King of judah driven thence the Syrians, and made it so strong, that it seemed impossible to be conquered. It took the name of abundance of Oaks, which (as it seemeth) grew about that place: for Elah or Ilix, signifies, a kind of Oak tree, (of which there is great plenty in the Holy land) so called because of their strength and hardness. Of jabnia. THis was a city near to joppa and Lidda, 16 miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest. This city taketh the name of wisdom and prudence, being derived of Been, to understand. Of Gur-Baal. THis town is also called Gerar, where Abraham and Isaac sometimes traveled; it is distant from jerusalem 32 miles towards the South-west, and six miles from Hebron. Here the jews and neighbouring Arabians afterward worshipped the Idol Baal: and therefore this city which in the times of the Patriarches, was called Gerar, a Peregrination; was after called Gur-Baal, that is, the Peregrination of the idol Baal, being derived of Gour, which signifies, He hath traveled. The Travels of jotham King of judah. IOtham signifies, Whole and Perfect. He succeeded his father Azariah when he was about 25 years of age, anno mundi 3190, and before Christ, 778. He reigned over judah 17 years, until the 41 year of his age. His mother's name was Icruscha, so called from an inheritance or possession. He began his reign in the second year of Pekah King of Israel, and continued it until the 17 year of his government, 2 Reg. 15. 17. When this noble Prince had rebuilded and richly adorned the porch of the house of the Lord, he went from jerusalem and invaded the country of the Ammonites (which was 60 miles,) conquered their King, and made the whole land pay him tribute, even a hundred talents of silver of the common weight, and 10000 measure of Wheat, and 10000 of Barley yearly. This tribute continued three years. From the land of the Ammonites he went back to jerusalem, which was 60 miles; where after he had adorned the City and Temple with many Princely buildings, he died, about the 41 year of his age, 2 Reg. 15. So all his travels were 120 miles. Of Ahaz King of judah. AHAZ signifies Apprehending, or a possessor. He began to reign after the death of his father jotham, about the end of the 17 year of Pekah King of Israel, Anno mundi, 3206, before Christ, 762. He reigned wickedly 16 years, 2 Reg. 16. 2 Chr. 28. For he was a notorious hypocrite, who out of a perverse zeal worshipped many Idols, and burned his son in the valley of Gehinnon, as an offering unto Moloch. Wherefore he was unhappy in his government; for God stirred up mighty enemies against him, even Resin king of Syria, and Pekah king of Israel, who wasted and destroyed his Kingdom, and (straightly besieging jerusalem) conquered Ahaz in a great battle, and put to the sword 120000 of his men. After that, Resin returned to Elath, and took it: so that he lost more than his father had gotten. Where being struck into a great fear by reason of these adversities, he sent to crave the aid of Tiglasse Phulasser king of the Assyrians, who at his request sent a great Army from Niniveh to Damascus, 520 miles, and there overcame Resin, and put him to death, and took captive 242000 of the people of Damascus, and sent them into Cyren a country of Africa, 2 Reg. 16. The Travels of Ahaz. King Ahaz went from jerusalem to Damascus, which was 160 miles, to meet Tiglath Phulasser King of the Assyrians, to rejoice with him for his happy victory, and give him thanks for his aid and assistance: where when he saw the Altar at Damascus to be very glorious, he sent for Vrija the chief Priest, who took a pattern thereof, and carried it with him to jerusalem, where he made an Altar like unto it, 2 Reg. 16. From Damascus he returned back again 160 miles. (So his travels were 320 miles.) But yet Ahaz continued in his perverse impiety and idolatry, without any regard or fear of God, therefore he stirred up other enemies against him, viz. the Idumaeans, who took a great multitude of them captive; and the Philistines, who with their Army broke into the South part of the tribe of juda, and took these cities following; viz. Bethsemes, Aialon, Timnath, Socho, Gederoth, and Gimso, with their villages. These Cities for the most part are mentioned in the precedent treatise, except Gederoth and Gimso. Gederoth, commonly called Gederothaim, is distant from jerusalem eight little miles towards the South-west, and stands near to the castle of Emaus, being compassed about with a hedge, from whence it seemeth to take the name; for Gadar is as much to say as, He hath hedged about. Gimso was also in the Tribe of juda, but in what place it is not certainly known. Thus king Ahaz all the days of his life did evil in the sight of the Lord, for which God punished him and all the land, and in the 16 year of his reign he died, and was buried with his fathers in the City David. The Travels of Ezekias' King of juda. Ezekias (which signifies, The Champion of jehovah) was borne when his father was but thirteen years of age, which made many questions whether he should succeed him as his lawful heir in his Kingdom, because they doubted whether he was lawfully begotten. For if you do observe the order and course of the years and chronology in the Scripture, you shall find that from the beginning of the thirteenth year of the age of Ahaz, to the first year of the reign of this King Ezekias, make just twenty five years. Ezekias therefore began to reign after the death of his father Ahaz, about the end of the third year of Hosea King of Israel, 2 Reg. 19 Anno mun. 3222, before Christ, 746, being then about 25 years of age, a little before Easter, as it appeareth, 2 Chron. 29. He governed that Kingdom with great commendations 29 years. The first journey that he took was from jerusalem to Gaza, which was 44 miles, there he overcame the Army of the Philistines, and recovered all those cities which his father Ahaz had lost, according to that in the Prophet Esay, cap. 15. 2 Reg. 18. From Gaza he returned to jerusalem, which was 44 miles; there he broke down the places for idolatry, and the brazen Serpent made by Moses in the wilderness, and called it Nehustan, a brazen thing that hath nothing in itself of a divine nature, and could neither profit nor hurt, therefore ought not to be worshipped. This brazen serpent was kept in memory of that sign that God shown unto the children of Israel in the desert, when they were bitten and stung to death by fiery serpents, for looking upon this brazen serpent they were healed. But now because of the abuse thereof by the jews, which turned it into idolatry, it was broken to pieces. Num. 21. 2 Reg. 18. So all the travels of Ezechias were 88 miles. In the 14 year of the reign of Ezekias, and in the 38 of his age, Senacharib (that mighty Emperor of the Assyrians) having taken many towns and cities in the Holy land, would have also besieged jerusalem, and for that purpose sent from Lachis (which was 20 miles distant from jerusalem) Thartan, Rabsarim, and Rabsacha, three mighty Princes, Ambassadors, with a great train to attend them. These men went about the city, to see in what part it was most subject to battery, and might easiest begot: so when they came to the conduit of the upper pool, which is by the path of the Fuller's field, between the Fish gate and the old gate, in that place where they might easiliest be heard, they called to the King: but Eliakim the son of Hilkiah (which was Hezekias' Steward) Shebnah the Chancellor, and joab the son of Asaph, the Recorder, went upon the wall: then Rabsacha uttered blasphemous words against the Lord: but Ezekias when he had heard what the enemy had said, called all the Elders of jerusalem together, and sent for Isaiah the son of Amos the Prophet, and they went into the temple of the Lord and prayed. Wherefore the Lord heard their prayers, and sent his Angel into the Camp of the Assyrians, and lo, in one night there were slain 185000 men as they lay in their tents before Gibeah (which at this time they besieged) being distant from jerusalem some ten miles towards the South-west. This great deliverance happened in the year of the world 3235, and before Christ, 733. About the end of the 38 year of the age of Ezekiah, he fell into a dangerous disease, which so fare forth as could be gathered by all likelihoods was the plague; (for God doth oftentimes try the patience of his Saints with sundry afflictions) but yet at his fervent prayers he was restored to health, and his days were lengthened 15 years: at which time the Sun went back ten degrees, according to the variation of the shadow in the Dial of jerusalem, 2 Reg. 20. Isa. 38. 2 Chron. 32. But at the end of the 15 years, which was about the 54 year of his age, he died, and was buried with his fathers. The Travels of Manasses. MAnasses or Manasseth signifieth, forgetting, or he hath forgotten. This man was 12 years old when he succeeded his father Ezekiah in the Kingdom of judah: he began to reign anno mundi 3251, and before Christ, 717. This King was a great Idolater, and one that put the Prophets of the Lord to death, so that it was wonderful to see what tyranny & mischief he wrought in Israel: wherefore the Lord stirred up the Assyrians against him, who overcame him in a great battle, and took him captive, carrying him bound in chains from jerusalem to Babylon, even 680 miles. But after being humbled by his afflictions, he came to a knowledge of himself, and repent for his former evil, humbling himself with prayer and fasting under the hand of God: wherefore the Lord took compassion of him, and stirred up the mind of the King of Babylon to mercy, so that he loosed his bands, and sent him back again to jerusalem, 680 miles. From that time forward he left idolatry and worshipped the true God, adorned the Temple of the Lord with many fair and beautiful buildings, and in the 55 year of his age he died and was buried in the King's garden, 1 Reg. 21. 2 Chron. 33. So all the travels of Manasses were 1360 miles. Of Amon King of juda. AMon signifieth, True and faithful: he succeeded his father Manasses when he was but 22 years of age, anno mundi 3307, before Christ, 661. He reigned two years, and then because of his exceeding idolatry the Lord cast him off when he was about 24 years of age, near which time some of his servants conspired against him and put him to death. The Travels of King josiah. IOsiah signifies, A sacrifice of the Lord: he succeeded his father Manasses in the government, when he was but 8 years of age, Anno mundi, 3309, before Christ, 659. He governed Israel with great commendations 32 years, 2 Reg. 22. his mother's name was jedidah, and dwelled in a town called Bozkath, but how fare this Town stood from jerusalem it is not set down by any Author. This good King went from jerusalem to Bethel, which was 8 miles; there he burned upon the Altar which jeroboam built, the bones of the Priests of Baal, as the man of God that came from juda had told jeroboam 350 years before, 1 Reg. 13. 2 Chr. 23. From Bethel he returned back again to jerusalem, which was 8 miles; there he celebrated the Passeover with a solemn feast and great attendance, 2 Reg. 23. 2 Chr. 35. In the last year of his reign he went with his army from jerusalem to Megiddo, which was 44 miles, against Pharaoh Necho K. of Egypt; in which battle he was slain with an arrow, about the 39 year of his age, 2 Chron. 35. From Megiddo his body was carried in a chariot back again to jerusalem, which was 44 miles, and there with great lamentations honourably buried, 2 Reg. 23. 2 Chr. 35. So all his travels were 104 miles. The Travels of jehoahas King of judah. IEhoahas signifies, The knowledge of God: he succeeded his father josiah in the 23 year of his age, Anno mundi, 3340, which was 628 years before Christ; and reigned only three months, 2 Reg. 24. 2 Chron. 36. jeremy (cap. 22.) calleth this man Schallum, that is, A recompense. He went from jerusalem to Riblah, a city in the tribe of Nepthaly, which is accounted 80 miles; where he was taken prisoner by Pharaoh Necho, 2 Reg. 23. From Riblah Pharaoh Necho led him captive bound in chains back again to jerusalem, which was 80 miles; and there appointed jehoiakim, his elder brother, to reign in his place, 2 Reg. 23. 2 Chron. 36. From jerusalem he carried jehoahas to Memphis, the Metropolitan city of Egypt, which was 244 miles, 2 Reg. 23. So all the Travels of jehoahas were 404 miles. Of jehoiakim King of juda. IEhoiakim was the eldest son of josiah, that good King, and succeeded his brother jehoahas in the Kingdom Anno mundi, 3341, before Christ, 627: he governed judah 11 years. Pharaoh Necho made him King when he was 25 years of age, to whom he was constrained to pay 100 talents of * What this is in our money, you may read after in the quantity of moneys. silver, and a talon of gold. This money being paid, he obtained the Kingdom, and continued in great impiety and idolatry; for which cause he was sharply reprehended by jeremiah the Prophet: but he being offended at his words, sought to put him to death; wherefore the Lord stirred up Nabuchadnezzar the second of that name, Emperor of the Assyrians and Babylonians, who in the 11 year of this King's reign came to jerusalem, and took him captive, tied him in two chains, and would have carried him to Babylon; but his mind changed, wherefore he caused him to be put to death and cast out into the fields of jerusalem for a prey to wild beasts, jer. 22. 2 Reg. 23. Of jehoiachin King of judah. IEhoiachin signifies, the preparation of jehovah. This man succeeded his brother jehoiakim, and began his reign about the end of the 3351 year of the world, and reigned only 3 months and 10 days, which was about the 8 year of Nabuchodonesor the great; at which time he was led captive from jerusalem to Babylon, together with Mordochae and many other Nobles, which was 680 miles. This captivity happened 617 years before Christ, 2 Reg. 24. 2 Chron. 36. Ester 2. jer. 52. The Travels of Zedekiah the last King of judah. AFter jehoiachin succeeded Zedekiah, which signifies, The just man of God. This was the son of that good King josiah, (yet an impious tyrant:) who, by the permission of Nabuchadonezar the great, was suffered to be King of judah after his brother, when he was 21 years of age. He began to reign about the beginning of the 3352 year of the World, and before Christ 616: he governed tyrannically 11 years, 2 Reg. 24. In the 11 year of this king, jerusalem was taken by Nabuchadonezar the great Emperor of the Babylonians: wherefore Zedekiah, to escape the brunt of war, fled from jerusalem with all possible speed to jericho, which was 12 miles, jer. 39.52. From the plain near the city of jericho, where he was overcome by the Princes of the Chaldeans, he was led to Riblah to Nebuchadonezar, which was 68 miles. From Riblah (after the Emperor Nabuchadonezar, had caused all his children to be put to death before his face, and had put out both his eyes) he led him captive to Babylon, which was 600 miles, where he died miserable, 2 Reg. 25. So all the Travels of Zedekiah King of judah were 680 miles. Of the destruction of jerusalem by Nabuchadonezar. In the ninth year of this Zedekiah (which was the last King of judah) Nabuchadonezar began to besiege jerusalem, it being then Winter, anno mundi 3860, upon the tenth day of the tenth month Tebeth, which answereth to the 27 day of December, which day the jews till now, observed as a fasting day. The siege continued even till the 11 year of this king, jerem. 39.52. 2 Reg. 25. And upon the 9 day of the 4 month Thamus, (which agreeth with the tenth day of july) the City was taken, and Zedekiah was put to flight. Upon the 7 of the 5 month Ab, Nabusaraden chief captain of the army, was sent back by Nabuchadonezar into judaea, where he destroyed and burned the houses and buildings of the city of jerusalem, jerem. 52. upon the tenth day of the fifth Month, Ab, which answereth to the ninth day of Argust, being the Sabbath day, the temple of jerusalem was set on fire, jer. 52. de bello judaei, lib. 6. cap. 26. 27. This first captivity and destruction of the city of jerusalem by Nabuchadonezar that great Emperor, happened anno mundi, 3362, and before Christ, 606. Three hundred and ninety years being then fully complete and ended, from the first year of jaroboam King of Israel, who set up the golden calves, and caused them to be worshipped. For after the end of these years, according to the prophecy of Ezekiel, cap. 4. the sins of jeroboam should be grievously punished upon the people of judah. In like manner, from the end of the 13 year of josiah, wherein jeremy first began to prophesy, until this year, in which the children of Israel were carried away captive into Babylon, are numbered 40 years: which by Ezek. cap. 4. are called the years of the iniquity of juda, because so long the jews did contemn and despise the admonition of the Prophet jeremy. Of Babylon. HOw far this city stood from jerusalem, you may read before which by the Chaldaeans is called Shinear, or Sinear, and signifies, To strike upon the teeth, being derived of Schen, A tooth, and Naer, To strike. It may also be taken for that, when a man endeavoured with all speed to execute a thing, which seems to resemble the condition of Nimrod; for that in this place he endeavoured to overcome and conquer all his neighbours: from whence this land was called Casdius, that is, The country of the destroyer. So changing M into L, it is called Chaldeus or Chaldaea. The chief and Metropolitan city of which country, was this Babylon, built some thirty years after the flood by Nimrod, or the Babylonian Saturn, the first great commander of the world, according to Berosus lib. 4. who writeth after this manner: Nimrod which was accounted the son of jupiter Belus, being angry with the holy Priests of that great God jehovah, came with his colony and people into the field of Sinear, where he built a city, and laid the foundation of a great tower, 131 years after the flood; and raised this tower to such a height, and withal of such a hugeness, that it seemed as if it had been some great mountain; because he would have the Babylonian people accounted the chiefest and greatest in the world; also their governor the King of Kings. A little after he saith, he built this tower, but before he could finish it, died, in the 56 year aftet he began it: wherefore the city and tower of Babylon, according to the opinion of Berosus, was begun in Anno mundi, 1788, which was 131 years after the flood, and before Christ, 2180. There were two causes wherefore the children of men built up this Tower; first, that they might get them a name: secondly, that they might be safe in case there came another flood to drown the world. It was made of brick and bittume, lest the water should loosen it. But the Lord turned their enterprises into evil, and divided their Language, so that they could not understand one another [whereby they were constrained to leave off their building:] from whence it happened that their minds, manners, understandings, studies, and principal actions were utterly changed, and is the foundation of all discord and sedition, where the fear of God, and the true knowledge of Christ doth not prevent it. From this division of tongues, it is called the city of Babylon, this is, the city of division, being derived of the word Balal, he hath confounded or mingled together. Of this city you may read in Ios. lib. 1. cap. 9 where he bringeth in a saying of the Sibels, which was, That when all nations were of one language, they built an exceeding high tower, as though they would have ascended by it into heaven; but the Lord, with great tempest and dividing their tongues, subverted their enterprise, from whence it was called Babylon. This city was the fairest in those times of all others, situated in a spacious plain, upon every side whereof, there stood pleasant orchards and gardens: it was built four square, compassed about with walls of an incredible strength and greatness, being 50 cubits thick, and 200 high, beautified within with goodly buildings, fair temples richly gilded with gold, and wonderful to look upon. It was in compass 380 furlongs, as Strabo saith, which make 48 miles. Through it ran the river Euphrates, by which all things necessary were conveyed to the City: without it was compassed with fair ditches filled with water like rivers, and in the wall there stood a hundred gates. Herodotus saith, That it was 480 furlongs about, which make 60 miles English, but that is not so credible. The first founder of this city was Nimrod, who in those times was the chief commander of the world. It is thought that he was the son of Cham, the son of Noah; whose name signifies, a cruel governor, or an unmerciful tyrant. And that his actions might be according to the signification of his name, he is branded with most perspicuous note of cruelty, omitting no violent action whereby he might enlarge his dominions; encroaching upon other men's goverments, through a thirsty and ambitious desire of renown, without either respect of equity or humanity. And to add evil to evil, committed many outrages upon such as were accounted good men, and the Priests of the great God jehovah, from whence there grew in him a more than humane resolution, accounting himself in this world a god, and through this opinion grew into contempt of all good things; compelling such as were his subjects and vassals to do him worship and reverence, as to a divine power; which, being ingraffed into the hearts of such as followed in succeeding ages, they countenanced it with authority: from whence it came to pass, that he was enrolled into the number of their principal gods, giving him the name of Saturn, whom the Hebrews calleth Sudormin, which elegantly employeth Saturn. Berosus saith, that the Babylonian jupiter succeeded this Nimrod, whose authority I am willing to follow to avoid prolixity. This man so much enlarged the City, that many in succeeding ages have attributed the foundation thereof unto him. He ruled over it sixty and one years. After him succeeded Ninus, or as some will have it Nimrod the second, who began his reign Anno mundi, 1909, before Christ, 2061: he did many worthy acts during his life, and added to the Empire of Babylon many Provinces; and after he had reigned 50 years, died, and was buried in Babylon. After him succeeded Semiramis his wife, who took upon her the government of the Assyrian Empire, her son Ninus being then within age; and she began her government Anno mundi, 1959, before Christ, 2009. She was one of the manliest and resolute women that we read of, and performed as many worthy and memorable actions. This Queen built her sepulchre over the most eminent gate of Babylon, in a public and perspicuous place, upon which she caused to be written in golden letters, If there be any King of Babylon that shall come after me, and stand in need of money, let him open this sepulchre, and whatsoever he wanteth he shall find: but before, it will not be good for him to touch it. This notwithstanding, it continued till the reign of Darius, who opened this monument in hope to find what the superscription imported; but no money was there to be had, only within might plainly be seen engraven other letters, to this effect: Unless thou hadst been unsatiably covetous, thou wouldst never have opened the graves of the dead in hope of gain. This woman beautified Babylon with many goodly buildings, built up the walls thereof, set a bridge over Euphrates, made a beautiful Orchard and a Garden in it, beautified it with many goodly Towers and fortifications, added unto it many provinces and governments: and after all, because of her own lascivious appetite (as Sallust saith) was murdered by her son Ninus, who succeeded her in the government. There were many other memorable things within this City, that were built before and after her time (as Herodotus saith) as that great and mighty tower before remembered, in which stood the temple of Baelus, and his sepulchre. Not far from that stood a chapel, wherein was the statue of jupiter all of pure gold, worth * What this was in our money you may see after. 800 talents of gold. Without that chapel there stood an altar of pure gold, upon which they yearly offered 100000 talents of frankincense. There was another also somewhat less, upon which they used to offer their sacrifices; for it was not lawful for them to offer any thing that had life upon the greater altar: there stood also in that place another statue twelve cubits high, all of pure gold. This City was after taken by Cyrus the first Emperor of the Persians, Anno mundi 3432. before Christ 536. in the seventieth year after the Captivity of Israel and judah, according to the prophecy of jeremy; at which time the City was so great, that they which dwelled in the middle of it did not know that the Enemy had entered within the walls at the further end: which might happen, because upon that day when it was taken the Babylonians celebrated a Feast unto Venus, in which using extraordinary diligence, they were less mindful of such things as happened unto them. Thus this City, that with great tyranny had triumphed over the Nations of the earth for the space of 1600 years (being so plentifully furnished with all things necessary for the maintenance of life, that the inhabitants thereof contemned all other people) was by God's permission, for their pride and presumption, wasted and consumed by Cyrus, as you have heard: and shortly after utterly destroyed by Xerxes, the fourth Emperor of the Persians, and so continueth to this day, as Strabo saith. Where then, o world, is thy prosperity? or Riches, thy glory? since in the one thou art consumed, in the other left desolate. Of the ruins of old Babylon that are extant at this day. BAbylon (which as you have heard reigned over the Nations of the earth like a Queen) at this day hath nothing to present you withal but an heap of stones; out of the ruins whereof there was built a little town close by where it stood, called Elugo, or Felugo, situated upon the bank of the river Euphrates. Not far from which it seems there is a profitable harbour for ships, where Merchants oftentimes go a shore, and travel thence through many Woods and desert places, unto Seleucia, which at this day is called by the Turks Bagdeth, distant thence some 36 miles, and is the utmost town of the Turkish and Persian Empires towards the East, being divided in the midst by the river Tigris. Some Merchants have reported, That the place where Babylon stood is become stony, unfruitful, and unpleasant, because of the ruins of the destroyed buildings which lie in the earth. Also, That there is found a tower built of a black stone, which to outward appearance seems to have been a very goodly house high and eminent; so that upon the top thereof a man might have seen through the whole city. This tower the Inhabitants of Felugo call the tower of Daniel, in which was the chamber where he used to pray unto the Lord three times a day, the windows whereof looked toward jerusalem, Dan. 6. There is also to be seen diverse arches of the bridge which Semiramis built, standing upon the river Euphrates, and the foundation of the great tower whose top should have reached to heaven; being in compass two miles, but not very high. Within the ruins whereof are found certain serpents very noisome and venomous, about the bigness of a Lizard, having three heads, and spect with diverse colours, which the inhabitants call Eglones. There are such a multitude of them, that no man dares approach within half a mile of it at any time but in the Winter season, nor then neither but for the space of a month; in which time these serpents for the extremity of the cold are constrained to keep their holes. Thus as this Tower was hateful unto God in the beginning, so likewise hath he made it hurtful unto man even to this day. The Travels of the Babylonian and Assyrian Kings and Emperors that fought against Israel and judah. And first of Phul Belochus King of Assyria. PHul Belochus (that is, He returned wasting) began to reign among the Babylonians An. mundi 3149. before Christ 819, and governed 48 years. This King or Emperor came from Babylon to Samaria, which was 660 miles. There he so straight besieged Menahem King of Israel, that he was constrained to give him * What this was in our money you may see after. 1000 talents of silver to raise his siege and departed, 2 Reg. 15. From Samaria he returned back again to Babylon, 660 miles. So all the travels of Phul Belochus were 1320 miles. The Travels of TIGLAT PHULASSER King of the Assyrians. TIglat Phulasser signifies, The Assyrian Conqueror. He was also called Tiglath Philasser, 2 Reg. 15. which name is attributed to him either because he carried away the children of Israel captive, or else because of the conquest that he had of all Galilee, and over the tribe of Nepthali, which he carried into Assyria. He succeeded his father Phul Belochus in the government of the Assyrians, An. Mun. 3197. before Christ 771. and reigned 25 years. When Resin King of the Assyrians (joining his army with Pekah son of Remalia King of Israel) had straight besiege jerusalem, Ahas was constrained to crave aid of this Tiglath Phulasser, & sent him great presents, which he accepted kindly, & brought his arm from Niniveh to Damascus, 520 miles, where he put Resin and the whole city to the sword, 2 Reg. 16. From Damascus he came with his army into the land of Israel, which was 120 miles, where he overcame Pekah in a great battle, conquered all the land of Gilead and the tribe of Nepthaly, and put a great multitude of the Israelites into perpetual exile, 2 Reg. 15. From thence he went back to Niniveh, 640 miles. A little after this, King Tiglath Philasser went from Ninive to jerusalem, 680 miles, where he so streitly besieged that wicked King Ahas, that he was constrained to give him great abundance of gold and silver to raise his siege and be gone, 2 Chr. 28. From jerusalem he returned back to Ninive, being 680 miles. So all his travels were 6640 miles. OF the city Niniveh you may read after, in the travels of jonas the Prophet. Of Kyr, which is commonly called Cyrene. KYr or Cyrene is situated in Africa, 816 miles from jerusalem Westward. In which country Simon that bore the cross of Christ was borne, Mat. 27. Luke 23. It signifies in Hebrew, A strong wall: and in Latin, a Heart. The Travels of King SALMANASSER. SAlmanasser signifieth, The Assyrian Peacemaker. This man Ptolomaeus (that excellent Mathematician) calleth Nabonassarus, that is, the Prophet of the Assyrians. He began to reign upon the 26 of February, An. mundi 3221, before Christ 747, and reigned ten years or thereabout. This man went with his army from Ninive to Samaria, being 652 miles, where he compelled Hosea the last King of Israel to pay him tribute, 2 Reg. 16. From thence he returned back again with his army to Niniveh, 652 miles. After, when Hosea K. of Israel (conspiring with So K. of Egypt) denied to pay him tribute, he returned back again the second time to Samaria, which was 652 miles, and after 3 years siege he took and destroyed it with fire and sword, and conquered all the country round about. From Samaria he returned back again to Niniveh, 652 miles. So all the travels of Salmanasser King of the Assyrians were 2608 miles. The Travels of SENACHARIB King of the Assyrians. SEnacharib, as Melancthon expounds it, signifieth a two edged Sword. He succeeded his father Salmanasser, Ann. M. 3231. before Christ 737. He reigned 7 years. This man, imitating his father, endeavoured to carry away the rest of God's people into captivity: for which purpose he brought an army from Niniveh to Lachis, which was 700 miles, which town he besieged, & sent his Princes to jeresalem, being 20 miles, where he blasphemed the Lord: of which you may read more in the history of King Hezekiah. From Lachis he went to Libnah, 8 miles. This was a strong Hold, but he besieged it so narrowly, that within a while after he had begun the siege, he took it. While he was before this town there came news, That Taracha a King of the Ethiopians had invaded his country. Wherefore he sent the second time messengers to jerusalem. But the Lord was offended with their blasphemy, wherefore he sent his Angel, who in one night destroyed 185000 of his army. This sudden and unexpected evil falling upon him, in a great fear he returned to Niniveh, 692 miles, where he was slain by his sons in the Temple. The same of these things was so divulged abroad, that Herodotus, lib. 2. makes mention of them. So these three journeys make 1400 miles. Of Lachis and Libnah you may read before. Of Assarhaddon King of the Assyrians. ASsarhaddon (his father Senacharib being slain) succeeded in the government, An. mundi 3238, which agreeth with the 730 year before Christ, and reigned ten years in Niniveh the chief city of the Assyrians. Here again the mutation & change of Kingdoms may be observed; for Merodach a Chaldaean rebelling against Senacharib, continued his government in Babylon 11 years, that is, during a part of the reign of Senacharib, and all the reign of Assarhaddon his son; in which time he conquered the Assyrians, and made them subject to the empire of the Babylonians Of Merodach the first Emperor of the Babylonians. MErodach signifieth, A bitter repentance. He was the son of Baladan Prince of Babylon, who ruled at such time as Senacharib had that grievous overthrow in judah. Wherefore taking advantage of the time, and the necessity of that Prince, he rebelled against him and his son Assarhaddon, taking upon him the absolute command of the city and whole Empire. The beginning of whose reign happened in the year of the world 3236, and before Christ 732. This Merodach sent to jerusalem wise and learned men with gifts and presents to King Ezekiah, just in that year when the Sun went back ten degrees, to know the truth of this miracle. For it was a custom amongst the Nations round about jerusalem (if any thing happened beyond the expectation of man) to send thither to inquire the truth thereof. Such and so wise a people were the jews esteemed in those times, as may appear by diverse places in holy Scripture. In the beginning of the 12 year of this King, Assarhaddon Emperor of the Assyrians died; after whose death he became Emperor of all Assyria & Chaldea He began to reign over that spacious kingdom, An. mundi 3247, before Christ 721. and reigned after that 40 years. Of Ben-Merodach Emperor of Babylon. BEn-Merodach, that is, the son of Merodach, succeeded his father An. M. 3287. before Christ 681. He reigned 21 years. Of Nebuchadnezar first of that name, Emperor of Babylon. NEbuchadonesar or Nebuchadnesar signifieth A Divine judge. He was the most potent king of all the Babylonians. This man obtained the chief command over the Babylonian Empire, An. M. 3309, before Christ 659. He reigned 35 years, and held his Court sometime in Babylon, sometimes in Niniveh, jud. 1. He made war with Pharaoh Necho King of Egypt, of which battle you may read, 2 Reg. 25. 2 Chr. 35. in the valley of Megiddo, where josias was slain. Herod. lib. 2. doth also make mention of this battle, and calls the place by the name of Magdalum. Of which jeremy also speaketh. But they were towns in the tribe of Manasses, situated near to the plain where this battle was fought: in which country Mary Magdalen was borne. The Travels of Nebuchadnezar the second of that name, Emperor of Babylon. NEbuchadnesar or Nebuchadonesar the Great, which Ptolomaeus calleth Nebupollasser, about the end of the third year of joachim King of judah (being a little before created Emperor, his father yet living) came unto jerusalem, which he besieged so straight, that he constrained joachim to pay him Tribute for thirty seven years. Berosus saith, Lib. 3. A little after, that is, Anno mundi 3344. before Christ 624, he was sent against the Syrians, Phoeniceans, & Egyptians that rebelled. So he went with his army from Babylon to Carchemis, a City of Syria, situated near the river Euphrates, which was 280 miles. Here he overcame Pharaoh Necho King of Egypt in a great battle, jer. 46. Herod. lib. 2. From Carchemis, he went to jerusalem, which was 400 miles; here he took Daniel and his companions captive, and brought them to Babylon. After, he went with his army to Pelusio, being 132, miles, which he took, conquered all the land of Egypt, put to death Pharaoh Necho, and made Psammeticus his son King in his place. jeremy the Prophet told of this war, cap. 25.26. From Pelusio he returned to Babylon, 800 miles. Within a while after, his father died, and he succeeded in the government, and reigned 43 years. In the 11 year of joachim King of judah, he went again from Babylon to jerusalem, which was 680 miles, and by policy took that city, and put joachim the king thereof to death, according to the prophecy of jeremy, cap. 22. 2 Kin. 24. From thence (after he had made jechonias his son King) he returned back again to Babylon, 680 miles. About three months after, he went the third time back to jerusalem, 680 miles; for he feared jechonias would rebel and revenge the death of his father joachim, 2 Kin. 24. In the eight year of his reign he took jechonias, Mardoche, and 3000 other jews of the Nobility, and carried them captive to Babylon, which was 680 miles, 2 Kin. 24. 2 Chr. 36. Est. 2. Nine years after, he came the fourth time to jerusalem, being 680 miles, and besieged the City, because of the impiety and rebellion of Zedekiah King thereof. During this siege he took diverse towns, but chief Lachis and Aseka, jer. 34. But when he understood that Pharaoh was coming with an army out of Egypt to rescue Zedekiah, he raised his Camp, and went about 80 miles into the country of Egypt: which Pharaoh hearing, was abashed, and turned back again. In the absence of this Emperor, jeremy the Prophet being then within the city, having foretold the destruction thereof, would have fled thence for his better safety, into the tribe of Benjamin: but by the way he was taken in the gate of Benjamin, and cast into prison, jer. 7. Within a while after, according to the prophecy of jeremy, Nebuchadnezar returned out of the desert of Sur, whither he went to meet the Egyptians, being 80 miles, and utterly destroyed the city of jerusalem, carrying thence the vessels and ornaments of the Temple to Babylon, 2 Kin. 25. 2 Chr. 36. From jerusalem he went to Riblah in the tribe of Nepthaly, 80 miles, where he put out Zedekiahs' eyes, and killed his children, 2 Kin. 25. From Riblah he carried Zedekiah to Babylon, which was 600 miles, where he died miserably in prison, 2 Kin. 25. Afterward Nebuchadnesar went with his army from Babylon to Tyrus, which he won, and pitifully wasted with fire and sword, according to the prophecy of Ezekiel, cap. 26. being 600 miles. From Tyrus he went to Egypt, and passed 480 miles through that kingdom, conquering all the countries and provinces as he went a long, even the Ammonits', the Moabits, Philistines, Idumaeans, and Egypt itself, all which countries he made tributary to him, Isa. 15, 16, 19 jer. 46, 47, 48, 49. Ez. 25.29. From Egypt he returned to Babel, 960 miles. From that time till his death, he was Emperor of all those kingdoms. In the second year of his Empire Daniel expounded unto him his wonderful dream, under the similitude of an image setting forth the condition of the four monarchies of the world, Dan. 2. Not long after, he caused Sidrack, Misack, and Abednego to be cast into a fiery furnace, because they refused to worship the golden image which he had set up, Dan. 3. Also this Nebuchadnesar for his great pride and arrogancy, was by God strucken mad, and into a deep melancholy, in which disease he continued for the space of seven years, tied in bonds and chains, running up and down like a beast, and feeding upon grass and roots; until he came to understand, That God the Governor of Heaven and earth, had the disposing of Kingdoms and Governments, giving them to whom he list, and again taking them away. At the end of which time he was restored to his understanding and Empire: and after beautified the city of Babylon with many goodly buildings, fair orchards, and pleasant places, as josep. lib. Ant. 10 saith. And when he had reigned 43 years died, and was buried by his father in Babylon, An. mundi 3387. and before Christ 581. So all the travels of Nebuchadonesar, or Nebuchadnesar, were 7892 miles. ¶ The Description of the Cities and places that have not as yet been mentioned. Of Carchemis. THis was a city in the country of Syria near Euphrates, 400 miles from jerusalem Northward, and signifies A sacrificed Lamb; being derived of Car, which signifies a Ram or Lamb, and Mosch, He hath cut in pieces. It may also be taken in the third Conjugation, for a Lamb sacrificed to the idol Chemosch or Chamos, the god of meetings or nightly salutations. Of Pelusio. THis City Pelusio was built by Peleus the father of Achilles, from whence it took the name. It stands in Egypt, some 172 miles from jerusalem Southwestward, near to the gate of Nilus called Pelusiachus, where it falleth into the Mediterranean sea. Not far from this city in the mountain Casius, upon the borders of Arabia Petraea (where the Temple of jupiter Casius stood) is to be seen the tomb of Pompey the great, beautified and adorned by Adrianus Caesar, as Capitolinus saith. At this day this city is called by the name of Damiata. You may read of it Ezek. cap. 30. Of Tyrus or Zor. TYrus signifieth Cheese, or to congeal together, as Cheese doth milk; something alluding to the Hebrew word Zor, signifying, to make strait, or a rock having a strait and sharp edge. It was the metropolitan city of Phoenicia, now the haven or passage of Sur: but in ancient time it was called Sarra, Aul. Gel. lib. 14. cap. 6. It was situated upon a very high rock, compassed about with the Mediterranean sea, 100 miles from jerusalem Northward, and a famous mart town for all the Holy land. By the description of Ezekiel it seems to have been like unto Venice both in situation and dignity, Ez. 72.28. jerem. Esay 27.28. and many other Prophets prophesied against this town, saying, Out of the land of Kithim (that is, from Macedonia) the destroyer of Tyrus should come. As after happened: for Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, besieged that town, and in the 7 month after took it; for the obtaining whereof he was constrained to fill up the sea which compassed it about, containing 700 paces, and made it firm land for his army to pass upon to the walls of the city. In this country that famous Civilian Ulpian was borne, as he writeth, lib. 1. ff. de Censibus. And upon the borders of Tyrus and Sidon Christ cured the daughter of a Canaanitish woman, of a Devil, Mat. 15. wherefore you shall read more of it in the second Tomb. Of Evil-Merodach Emperor of the Babylonians and Assyrians. AMilinus Evil-Merodach, son of Nebuchadonesar the great, succeeded his father, An. M. 3388. before Christ 580. In the first year of his reign he set at liberty jechonias King of juda, and attributed to him the title, dignity, and maintenance of a King, jechonias being then 55 years of age, and 37 after he had been in captivity, 2 Kin. vlt. jer. vlt. Whence it is concluded by most, That this Emperor did also embrace the doctrine of Daniel, concerning the true God, as did Nebuchadonesar his father; who had before by public Edict professed it to the whole State, & caused it to be published through his dominions, and therefore shown favour and mercy toward King jechonias. And from thence it is thought, that those which were impious princes about him, called him Amelinus, that is, the Circumcised, being derived of Moll, which signifies, to circumcise; and Evil, simple and foolish Merodach. His wife's name was Nitocris, according to Herod. lib. 1. She was a very magnificent and wise woman, set up many fair and goodly buildings in Babylon, and was the mother of Balthasar the last Emperor of the Assyrians, Dan. 5. Of Niriglissoroor Emperor of Babylon. NIriglissoroor (whose surname was Regassar) son in law to Nebuchadnesar the Great, having slain Euil-Merodach his wife's brother, reigned over the Babylonians and Assyrians four years, as Berosus saith. Of Labassardach the last Emperor of the Babylonions. LAbassardach the son of Niriglissoroor succeeded his father. He reigned only 9 months, and died without heir male. Of Balthasar Nabonidus the last Emperor of the Babylonians and Assyrians. ANno mundi 3415, and before Christ 553, Balthasar Nabonidus, whose surname was Labynitus, the son of Euil-Merodach and Nitocris, obtained the Empire, and reigned 17 years, according to Berosus, with josep. count. App. Alexand. Polyb. apud Eusebium, Praep. lib. 9 cap. 4. Alphae. hist.. with Euseb. calleth this King Nabinidochus. This is that Balthasar (saith josephus, lib. Ant. 10. ca 13) which Daniel, cap. 5. calleth the son of Nebuchadonesar, though indeed he was but his son's son, as may be gathered from that of jer. cap. 25. All nations shall serve Nebuchadonesar, and his son, and his son's son. Balthasar signifies, The Host of the Lord destroying his Enemies. Labynitus signifies, a shaken Sword. This man, as he was celebrating a great feast unto Venus (whom they call in the Assyrian tongue Myleta) amongst a great multitude of his Nobility, and in that using extraordinary excess and blasphemy against the Lord; In the midst of his feast and all his merriments he saw a hand, writing upon the wall, which left these words, Mene, Mene, Tekel Vphrasin, of which you may read more Dan. 5. Some say, That at this very time the city was taken by Cyrus' Emperor of the Persians, and he put to the sword in those sports & pastimes. But certain it is that he was slain at a banquet, lost his empire, and was the last of the Assyrian Emperors: but whether at that time, I refer it to the opinion of the Reader. ¶ The Travels of the Kings of Egypt that fought against of judah. And first of SISACK, who made war upon Rehoboam the son of Solomon. THat proud and presumptuous Prince Sisack (which signifies a Garment of Silk) in the last year of his regne (which was the first of Rehoboam the son of Solomon) came with 1200 Chariots and 60000 Horse, from Memphis to jerusalem, which was 244 miles; bringing in his Army a great multitude of people of diverse Nations, as Lybians, Ethiopians, etc. With this company he besieged jerusalem and took it, wasted the city, spoiled the Temple, and took thence the golden shields which Solomon had made, and destroyed that fair and beautiful house which Solomon had built. From whence that saying of his own was verified, Eccles. That it is a great evil upon the earth, for a man to take care to lay up riches and treasures in this world, yet knoweth not who shall inherit it. For those things which a little before he had with great labour and pains builded and beautified, within less than 20 years after were destroyed and made desolate by this King. From jerusalem Sisack returned with the spoils of the temple and city, to Memphis in Egypt, which was 244 miles: and in the year following he was stricken by the Lord with a grievous disease, of which he died miserably. So these two journeys were 488 miles. The Travels of PHARAOH NECHO King of Egypt, who made war upon JOSIAH King of judah. NEcho signifies an Enemy or Inuader. This man was one of the greatest of all the Egyptian Kings, who in the thirteenth year of his reign made war upon Nebuchadnezar the first, and in the valley of Megiddo, near to Magdala, which was 244 miles from Memphis, fought a great battle, wherein josiah King of judah was wounded to the death. From the valley of Megiddo Pharaoh Necho went to the River Euphrates, which was 360 miles, where he fought a second battle with Nebuchadnezar upon a plain near to Carchemis, where he lost the day and was put to flight. From Carchemis he fled to Riblah in the land of Israel, which was 320 miles; where in the land of Chaemath, near to the lake Samachonites, he overcame joachas King of judah, and took him prisoner. From Riblah Pharaoh Necho led joachas bound to jerusalem, being 80 miles, and made joachim his brother King in his place. From jerusalem he returned to Memphis, 240 miles. Within four years after he went the second time with a great army from Memphis to the river of Euphrates, which was 640 miles. But there he was the second time overcome by Nebuchadnesar, and constrained to fly thence back again to Memphis in Egypt, being 640 miles. But Nebuchadnesar followed him with an army of chosen men, and conquered all Egypt, took Pharaoh Necho, and made his son Psammeticus King in his place, who was the second of that name. Of this battle there is mention, jer. ca 25, & 26. So all the travels of Pharaoh Necho were 1524 miles. The Travels of the holy Prophets, and first of the Prophet ELIAH. ELiah the Prophet went from This be (which was in the land of Gilead) to Samaria, 24 miles, where he told the wicked King Ahab, that there should be neither rain nor dew for the space of 7 years, 1 Reg. cap. 17. From Samaria he went to the river Kerith, 24 miles, where he was fed by a Raven. From Kerith he went to Sarepta, which was 100 miles, where he sojorned with a poor widow that found him necessaries, whose sun he restored to life, 1 Reg. 17. From Sarepta he went to Mount Carmel in the land of Israel, being 60 miles; and by the way as he went he met Obediah (which signifieth, The Servant of the Lord) and King Ahab, whom he rebuked sharply because of his idolatry. Also upon this mountain he put all Baal's Priests to death, and prayed unto the Lord, who sent rain upon the earth in great abundance, 1 Reg. 18. From Mount Carmel he ran by King Ahab's chariot to jesreel which was accounted 16 miles. After, when Queen jesabel threatened his death, he departed thence, and went to Beersaba, 84 miles, 1 Reg. 19 From Beersaba he went one day's journey into the wilderness of Paran, because he thought to remain there safe from the mischief of jesabel, which was 20 miles from Beersaba Southward. Here the Angel of the Lord brought him meat as he was sitting under a juniper tree, 1 Reg. 19 By virtue of this meat Eliah traveled from thence to Mount Horeb or Sinai, 80 miles, and continued there 40 days and forty nights without meat or drink. There the Lord spoke to Eliah as he stood in the entrance of a cave, his face being covered with his mantle, 1 Reg. 19 From the mount Sinai or Horeb he returned to Abelmehola, which was 156 miles, where he called Elizeus the son of Saphas to the ministerial function and office of a Prophet, 1 Reg. 18. From thence he went to Damascus, 124 miles, where he anointed Hasael King of Syria, 1 Reg. 19 From Damascus Elias went to Mount Carmell, where he dwelled, which was accounted 120 miles. From mount Carmel he went to jesreel, 16 miles: there in the vineyard of Naboth (who jezabel caused to be stoned to death) he sharply reprehended Ahab for his impiety and idolatry, 1 Reg. 21. From jezreel he returned back again to his own house to Carmel, which was 16 miles. From thence he went to Samaria, which was 32 miles, where he answered the servants of King Ahaziah, whom he had sent to inquire of Baalzebub the idol of Ekron, concerning his health, saying, Go and tell your master that sent you, That the God of Israel saith, Because thou hast sent to ask counsel of Baalzebub the idol of Ekron, and thinkest there is no God in Israel, therefore thou shalt not rise off the bed whereon thou liest, but shalt surely die. 2 Reg. 1. Soon after, Elias returned to Mount Carmel, which was 32 miles, where the two Captains with their Companies of fifty that were sent to take him, were consumed with fire from heaven, 1 Reg. 1. From Mount Carmel he went to Samaria with the third Cap. 32 miles, where he prophesied of the death of King Ahaziah, 2 Reg. 1. From Samaria he returned back again to Mount Carmel, 32 miles. From thence he went to Gilgal, 52 miles. From Gilgal he went with Elizeus to the town of Bethel, being 6 miles, 2 Reg. 2. From thence to jericho, 4 miles, 2 Reg. 2. From jericho he and Elizeus went to jordan, which was six miles, through which river they went upon dry ground. Now as they were speaking one to another, upon the East side of the river behold a fiery chariot came with fiery horses and took Elias up alive into heaven, after he had governed the Church 30 years, an. mundi, 3056, and before Christ, 912, 2 Reg. 2. So all the Travels of Eliah the Prophet were 1033 miles. Of the Cities and places to which he traveled. Of Thisbe. IN this town the Prophet Eliah was borne, it being situated in the land of Gilead beyond jordan, 48 miles from jerusalem towards the North-east. It taketh the name from Captivity; being derived of Chabah, he hath led into captivity. Of Kerith. THe river Kerith (where the Ravens fed Elias) runneth from Mount Ephraim between Bethel and jericho, 8 miles from jerusalem towards the North, and so passing along towards the East, falleth into the river jordan, 1 Reg. 17. The Kerethites were such as guarded the person of the King, which in the Prophet David's time were called mighty men; taking their name from striking and cutting, being derived of Charath, he hath smitten, or cut in sunder. Of Zarpath, or Sarepta. THis was a City of the Sidonians, where they found much mettle of diverse kinds; lying between Tyrus and Sydon, 112 miles from jerusalem towards the North; and taketh the name from Zoraph, which signifies, To try, or burn with fire. There is at this time but eight houses in all the town, although by the ruins it seemeth to have been in times past a very fair city. The inhabitants thereof take upon them to show the chamber wherein Elias the Prophet sometimes lived, when he raised the widow's child to life. Before the gate of the city also there is showed a certain Chapel, where (they say) Elias first spoke with the widow, 1 Reg. 17. Of Abelmehola. THis was a town in the tribe of Manasses, on this side jordan in the midway between Sichem and Salem, some 38 miles from jerusalem Northward. At this day it is called Abisena; where there are found certain ruins of Marble pillars, by which may be gathered, that in times past it hath been a very beautiful city. It seemeth to have taken the name from a great Lamentation or Mourning: for Abel signifieth To lament and bewail; and Machol, A company. The typical signification of ELIAS. ELias, according to the interpretation of Saint Jerome, signifies the minister of jehovah: but as others would have it, Eliah is as much as my God jehovah. He was a type of Saint john Baptist, who was sent before to prepare the way of our Lord and Saviour jesus christ. Of this you may read more, Malach. 4. Matt. 11.17. Isa. 40. etc. The travels of the Prophet Elisaeus or Elisha. ELisha followed Elias through diverse countries, and became as it were his servant, pouring water upon his hands, and ministering to him, 1 Reg. 19 2 Reg. 3. Elisha went with Eliah from Gilgal to Bethel, which was six miles, 1 Reg. 19 From Bethel they both went to jericho, which was 4 miles. From jericho he went beyond jordan, 6 miles; where his Master was taken from him up into heaven, and his spirit was doubled upon him, 2 Reg. 2. From thence he returned back again to jericho, which was ● mile's, passing through the river jordan upon dry ground; by which miracle the children of the Prophets (viz. such as studied divinity at jericho) did certainly know that the spirit of his master Elias rested upon him. near to this town, he flung salt into a river, by which the water was made sweet, 2 Reg. 2. From jericho Elisha returned to Bethel, which was 4 miles: here the chldrens that mocked him, saying, Come up thou bald pate, etc. in contempt of his age and office, were devoured by 2 Bares, 2 Reg. 2. From Bethel he walked to Mount Carmel, which was fifty six miles. From thence he went to Samaria, which was about thirty two miles. From thence he went to the three Kings, viz. joram King of Israel, jehosaphat King of jerusalem, and the King of the Idumaeans, into the desert of Arabia Petraea, which was 104 miles: here he prayed unto the Lord, and he sent them water lest they should have perished with thirst, 2 Reg. 3. From the Desert of Arabia Petraea he returned back to Samaria, which was 104 miles, where he relieved a certain widow woman that was afflicted with poverty and want, miraculously by a Cruse of Oil, 2 Reg. 4. josephus' lib. Antiq. 9 supposeth this Woman to be the widow of Obediah the Kings, Steward, of whom you may read before, who did hide and maintain a certain number of the Prophets of the Lord in a cave, 2 Reg. 18. From Samaria Elisha went oftentimes to a Town called Sunem, as he returned to Samaria to Carmel, which was 16 miles distant. Here a certain rich woman observing his often passage to and fro by that Town, built him a little chamber wherein he might rest himself after his journey: to which place he often resorted, and in recompense of this benefit (although she had been long barren) he prophesied, that within a year she should have a son, which accordingly she had to her great joy and comfort. 2 Reg. 4. From Sunem he went to Carmel, which was 16 miles. From thence he returned back again to Sunem to the woman where he used to lie, which was 16 miles: here he restored her son to life, 2 Reg. 4. From thence he went to Gilgal, which is distant from Sunem 36 miles towards the South: here he fed 100 men with 20 barley loaves, 2 Reg. 4. From Gilgal he went to Samaria, which is accounted 20 miles: to this place Naaman the Syrian came to him to be healed of his leprosy, 2 Reg. 5. From Samaria he went to jordan, which was eight miles, Here he made a Hatchet of iron that fell into the water, to swim, 2 Reg. 6. From jordan he went to Dothan, where the children of jacob sold their brother joseph to the Midianites, which was 8 miles: here the Angels of the Lord compassed him and his servant about, lest they should have been taken by the army of the Syrians, and God strooke the Syrians with blindness, 2 Reg. 6. From thence he led the army of the Syrians (being thus made blind) to Samaria, which was 12 miles, and delivered them to the King of Israel, upon condition that he should give them meat and drink to refresh themselves, and suffer them to departed in peace, which he did, 2 Reg. 6. From Samaria he went to Sunem, which was 16 miles: here he advised the woman where he used to lie, to travel thence to some other place, because of the famine that should follow and continue for seven years, 2 Reg. 8. From Sunem he went to Damascus, which was 132 miles: there he told Hazael, that he should succeed his Master Benhadid in the government of the Syrians, 2 Reg. 8. From Damascus he returned to Samaria, which was 132 miles, where soon after he fell sick and died; his body was buried near to Samaria, where the Lord a long time after his death shown a wonderful miracle, for a dead man being thrown into his Sepulchre, was restored again to life by touching of his bones, 2 Reg. 13. This man governed the Church of God amongst the children of Israel 60 years after the death of Elias. So all the Travels of Elisha were 730 miles. Concerning the towns and places mentioned in his Travels, you may read before. The Typical signification of Elisha. ELisha or Elischa signifieth, The salvation of God; being derived of El, that is, God; and jaschag, He hath saved: from hence jesus, a Saviour; because this Prophet was a notable type of our Saviour jesus Christ: for as Elisha was anointed Priest by the Prophet Eliah; so Christ was the anointed Priest of the father: and as Elisha did many works of mercy and miracles, to make evident God's power and providence; so our Saviour Christ went from place to place, showing mercy to the blind, lame, and impotent, upon them working wonderful miracles, that thereby his Doctrine might be made evident to the World, and all such as trust in him be made capable of eternal happiness. Tha Travels of the Shunamite, whose son, Elisha had raised from death to life. FRom Sunem she went to Mount Carmel, and besought Elisha to come and raise her son from death to life, which was 16 miles, 2 Reg. 4. From thence she and Elisha returned back again to Sunem, which was 16 miles; and there he delivered her son unto her alive, 2 Reg. 4. From Sunem (having buried her husband) she traveled into the land of the Philistines, because of the famine that was to come suddenly after, being 56 miles, 2 Reg. 8. From the land of the Philistines, she returned to Samaria, which was 40 miles, 2 Reg. 8. From Samaria she returned to Sunem, which was 16 miles. So all her travels were 144 miles. Of the Prophet Isaiah or jesaia. IEsaia, or jeschaia, is all one in signification with Elisha, that is, a Saviour. He was the son of Amos (which signifieth, strength) and by consequence Ozia King of judah was his cousin-german, as may appear by this Genealogy following. joas King of juda. Amasiah King of juda. Ozias King of juda. jotham King of juda. Ahas King of juda. Ezekias' King of juda. Manasses King of juda, who caused Isaiah to be slain. Amos, Isaias father. Isaias had two daughters, Sear jasub, that is, the rest remaining: and was a sign of the rest of the posterity of juda that should remain and dwell there, Isa. 7. Mahez Schatal, that is, a sudden destruction: for this 2d daughter of Isay did denote the immediate desolation of the kingdoms of Syria and Samaria. From whence it plainly appeareth, that the Prophet Esaias was of the stock of David, and lineage of Christ; for which cause in the fifth chapter of his prophecy, he calleth him his beloved. He began to teach publicly in the year of the World, 3167, and before Christ 800, and governed the Church eighty years and more, until the time of Manasses, who caused him to be cut in pieces with a saw. In anno mundi 3190: before Christ, 778, Isay saw the Lord sitting upon a high throne in great majesty, the lower part whereof filled the Temple, and the Saraphins compassed him round about. Esa. 6. Cherubins are glorious and bright shining Angels, of a fiery nature: For Saraph signifieth, He hath turned to fire. His doctrine was two fold, that is, partly concerning the Law, partly the Gospel, as may appear by his prophecy: in the first forty chapters whereof, the doctrine of the law is set forth with sharp reprehensions for sin: in the first four of which, are grievous accusations of sinners for breach of the first commandment; the other for the most part prophesy of horrible punishments, mutations, and change of government; but principally, of the jews, Babylonians, Assyrians, Syrians, and Egyptians. From the fortieth to the end of the book is contained the doctrine of the Gospel, and of the Kingdom of our Saviour jesus Christ; which he hath set forth with such excellent eloquence, figures, and amplifications, that he may be compared with the best Orator that ever wrote. The Travels of the Prophet jeremias. IEremias or jeremiah, signifieth, The exalted of the Lord: he was borne in the Tribe of Benjamin, in a City of the Priests called Anathoth, and from thence came to jerusalem, which was two miles, and continued there for 40 years, teaching and prophesying. From jerusalem he was sent to Euphrates, where in the cliff of a rock he hide his girdle, jer. 13. which was 400 miles. From the river Euphrates, he returned back again to jerusalem, 400 miles, A little after, the Lord sent him back again to Euphrates, (400 miles) to fetch his girdle, and lo it was putrified. From thence he returned back again the second time to jerusalem, 400 miles. From jerusalem he was led captive bound in chains with other prisoners to Ramath, a city in mount Ephraim, which was eight miles: there Nabusaraden the chief captain caused him to be set at liberty. From Ramath he went to Mispah, which is 8 miles: where he continued a while with Gediliah Prince of the jews, which man had the chief command of certain cities of judaea under Nabuchadnezzer. But in the seventh year of the captivity of the people of Israel, Ishmael that was of the stock and progeny of David (hoping to obtain the government of juda) made war upon Gediliah, and put him to death; wherefore jeremy went from thence with john the son of Kareach, Prince of the jews, to Bethlem Euphrata, which was 8 miles, jer. 41. Now when he had stayed a while in a village near Bethlem called Geruth Ghimeham were sometime Chimeham the son of Barzillai lived, 2 Sam. 19 he prophesied, saying, If you stay in this land you shall do well, neither shall any evil hap unto you; but if you depart hence into Egypt, they shall devour you with famine and with the sword, jer. 42. But john and the rest of the Princes would give no credit to the words of jeremy, but went into Egypt, and compelled the Prophet to go along with them: so they went from Bethlehem to Tachpanes, which was 172 miles. Here the second time jeremy prophesied unto them, saying, Behold, Nabuchadnezzer shall come hither and waste and destroy all the country of Egypt, beat down the Images of Bethsemes, (or Heliopolis) and carry away the Egyptians into perpetual captivity, jer. 43. But the people of Israel being moved to anger because of his words, stoned him to death. So the Travels of the Prophet jeremiah were 1786 miles. Concerning the towns and places mentioned in the Travels of this Prophet you may read of them before, except Geruth. Chimeham, which stood close by Bethlehem: it taketh the name from a stranger, or traveller; being derived of Gour, which signifieth, He hath traveled; and Tachpanes, which was a City of Egypt, some 180 miles from jerusalem; where the Prophet jeremy was stoned to death; it is oftentimes called by the name of Taphnis. The travels of Vrijah the Prophet. Vrias', or Vriah, signifies, Illuminated, or enlightened of the Lord. He was borne at Kiriath-jearim, a mile from jerusalem towards the West: from thence he came to jerusalem, and there prophesied of the destruction of the City. After, when King joachim went about to take away his life, he fled thence into Egypt, 160 miles. But the king sent messengers into Egypt & fetched Vrijah back again to jerusalem, 160 miles, and there cut off his head, and caused his body to be thrown into the sepulchre of a poor despised man, that it might not be known that he had been a Prophet of the Lord. So all his travels were 321 miles. Of Hananias the false Prophet. HAnanias or Chanania signifieth, the grace of God. This false Prophet was a Gibeonite, and came from Gibeon to jerusalem, which was four miles; where he took the wooden yokes from the neck of jeremiah the Prophet: but jeremiah caused iron yokes to be made in their places, and told Hananias that for his falsehood, that year he should surely die, as after he did. Of the Prophet Ezekiel. Ezekiel or jechezkel, signifies, the strength or fortitude of God. He was carried captive with 3000 others of the Nobility of the jews from jerusalem to Babylon, which was 680 miles the same year that Nebuchadnezzer put King joachim to death: within five years after (a little before Easter) the Book of the Law was found, 2 Chron. 3. He began to prophesy in Babylon, Anno mundi, 3356, before Christ, 612; at which time he saw his first visions, near to the River Chebar. Of the River Chebar. THe river Chebar was near Babylon in Chaldaea, upon the borders of Mesopotamia, falling into Euphrates; and was oftentimes called Aborras, according to the opinion of many learned men. Strabo in the seventeenth book of his Geography saith, that there is another river between Tigris and Euphrates, called Basilius: Aborras passeth along by the city of Athemusia, and is a very fair stream, from whence it is called Chebar, which signifies, a swift and spacious river. near to this river the Prophet Ezekiel saw the Glory and Majesty of our Lord jesus Christ in a bright shining cloud. In this place also dwelled many jews, to whom he prophesied and foretold the destruction of jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzer, and the captivity of Zedekiah. The Travels of the Prophet Daniel. DAniel signifies, The judge of God. In the reign of joachim King of judah, he was carried away captive from jerusalem to Babylon, by Nabuchadonezar, which was 680 miles, and there with his fellows learned the Arts and Language of the Chaldaeans, for three years. He was then but young, about some 19 or 20 years of age, and lived in exile 91 years, until the third year of Cyrus' Emperor of the Persians; about which time he saw his last vision, and a little after died, when he was about 110 years of age, as may be gathered by the circumstances of Histories and times. From Babylon he went to Susan in Persia, an. mun. 3418, before Christ, 550, being then 94 years of age, which was 252 miles, where near to the flood Eulaeus, he had a vision of a ram and a goat; which set forth the state of the second Monarchy (which was that of the Grecians.) In this vision Gabriel the Archangel, appeared to Daniel, Dan. 8. This was in the third year of King Balthasar. From Susan Daniel returned to Babylon, which was 252 miles; Here he interpreted to Belthasar the meaning of these words, Men, Mene, Tekel Euphrasin, Dan. 5. From Babylon he went to the river Tigris of Hidekel, which was accounted 36 miles: here in the third year of Cyrus' King of Persia, he saw his last vision, which is described in the 10, 11, and 12 chapters of his prophecy. From Tigris, he returned to his own house at Babylon, which was 36 miles. Sometimes also in his three last years of his life, he used to go to Egbatan, the Metropolitan city of the Medes, which was accounted 464 miles from Babylon, towards the North-east: Here Daniel built a fair and artificial Temple, so strongly, that it remained unperished, and retained the ancient beauty many ages, to the great admiration of all the spectators: In it the Kings of the Medes, Persians, and Parthians, were for the most part honourably buried: the government whereof was committed to a Priest of the jews, as josephus saith, lib. Antiq. 10. cap. 4. From Egbatan, he returned back again to Babylon, which was 464 miles, and there died anno mun. ●445, and before Christ, 533. So all the travels of the Prophet Daniel were 2184 miles, Of the places to which he traveled. Of Susan. SVsa or Susan, is so called from a sweet smelling flower; but chiefly a Rose or a Lily, because it is situated in a fair and pleasant place. It was a goodly city, lying on both sides of the river Eulaeus, some 200 furlongs (that is, 25 miles English) about, as Policletus saith. And of this city all the country round about is called Susana: bordering towards the North upon Assiria, towards the West upon Babylon, towards the South upon the Gulf of Persia, and joineth upon the East part of Persia towards the East. There are but two cities that are eminent in it, that is this, and another called Tariana. The air in the Winter season is very temperate, at which time the earth bringeth forth many pleasant flowers and fruits; but in the Summer it is extreme hot, by which heat all things are scorched and burned away, and by reason of the putrefaction of the air (as some think) in that season there do breed toads, lyzards, and other noisome serpents in great abundance; so that the inhabitants are constrained (partly because of the heat, partly because of the loathsome and dangerous creatures) to build their houses all of earth, long and narrow, the walls and roofs being at least a yard thick, that so the heat might not pierce through them, or serpents breed in them, Strabo, lib. Geograph. 5. saith, that one Tithon (the brother of Laomedon king of Troy) did first build this city, about such time as Thola judged Israel. After him his son Nemmon beautified it with a fair and goodly castle, calling it after his own name Memnon. (Of this man Homer speaketh.) This castle was such a goodly thing, that a long time after his death, the town was called Memnon, as Strabo observeth: but in Hester and daniel's times, it was called Susa, and the inhabitants Susan's. The Persian Emperors in those times keeping their courts there for the most part, and did greatly beautify the city with fair buildings. The first of these Emperors that lived here was Cyrus, who after he had conquered Babylon, Assiria, and many other Kingdoms and countries lying near to the city Susa; that he might with more ease and better safety retain them in his government, removed his court from Persepolis (which lay up in the East part of Persia) to this town, where all the Winter season, for the most part, he lived, and in the Summer went to Egbatan the chief city of Media, because there at that season, the air was very temperate: His successors after him observing the same course for their better conveniency, and to make evident their greater magnificence, repaired the Castle of Memnon, joined to it many fair and goodly buildings, and close by it planted a pleasant orchard of divers and sundry sorts of trees and herbs. It is reported that the gate whereby they entered into this orchard, was very curiously built, supported with pillars of polished marble, embossed with silver and gold very rare to look upon: over it was a banqueting house, beautified with lively pictures, costly furniture and beds of gold and silver covered with rich tapestry, wrought with silk, silver, and gold; upon these they used to eat their banquets: it was paved with Porphire Marble, and Hyacinths, in such sort, as it greatly delighted such as beheld it. The Queen had a private garden to herself. In which were great abundance of trees of diverse kinds, and many sweet flowers and herbs: In which garden Ahashueras walked to qualify the heat of his wrath ihat he had conceived against that wicked and perfidious Hamon, who through envy and ambition sought the destruction of the whole nation of the jews; lest by giving place unto anger, he should transgress the bounds of clemency and justice: wherefore it becometh every King, Prince, and judge, to imitate the example of this Emperor, who in the heat of his anger, would determine nothing of so wicked a man: for long and often deliberation becometh every wise man before he doth any thing, Est. 7. Not fare from the Emperor's palace, in a fair and pleasant Garden, there stood a college of the Magis, that is, such as the Persians accounted wise and learned men: these were of such account for their knowledge and understanding, amongst that people, that some of them in succeeding ages were chosen for Kings and governors in that country. They studied for the most part the Mathematics History, Philosophy, and Divinity, and as many have thought, the Prophecies of Daniel, Ezekiel and others: wherefore as is said before, many are of opinion, That the Wise men which came into judaea to see Christ, were of this College and town, because it stood East from jerusalem. It is at this day called Cusistane, as Ortelius and Sebastian Munster witnesses, and in their times was under the government of one Caliphus Emperor of the Saracens. This Caliphus was strongly besieged by one Allan the great King of Tartary, in this Town, Anno Dom. 1250. But because of his exceeding covetousness and parsimony, he lost the city and was famished to death. Of the River Eulaeo. VLai, which Stra. li. 15. calleth Eulaea, passed through the city of Susa, and as Pliny saith, lib. 6. cap. 27. took the beginning at Media, and so fell into a whole or caverne of the earth, & passed under the ground till it came near to the city Susa, where it broke forth again, and compassed about the tower of Susa, and a temple in that city dedicated to Diana. The inhabitants hold this river in great estimation, insomuch as the kings drink of no other water, and for that purpose carry it a great way. Strabo according to the testimony of Polycletus, saith, That there are two other Rivers of good account, which passeth through Persia, viz. Choaspes & Tigris, but neither of them are in like estimation as this is. Of Elam. PErsia in ancient times was called after this name, from Elam the son of Sem. But after Perseus had obtained a large and spacious government in that country, it was after his name called Persia. Elam signifieth, a youth, or a young man. Of Egbatana or Egbatan. THis is the metropolitan city of the Medes, and is distant from jerusalem 1136 miles towards the Northwest, built by Deioce King of the Medes, as Herod. lib. 2. saith, Here Daniel built a fair Temple, of which you may read more in his travels. Of this town you may read more in the travels of judeth. The typical signification of Daniel. DAniel signifies the judge of God: tipically representing Christ who is appointed by that eternal jehovah to be judge of all things both quick and dead, and rescueth his Church, which is (as a rose compassed about with thorns) oppressed with the tyranny and cruelty of evil and wicked men, casting those false judges and merciless governors into eternal exile and the pit of destruction. And as the Prophet was innocently condemned, cast into the Lion's den, and had the door sealed upon him, and to the judgement of man, no hope of life, or means to escape was left him, yet by the providence of God was delivered out of this danger, and came thence safe and untouched, Dan. 6. so our Saviour was innocently condemned, cast into the grave, sealed up among the dead, and to common judgement left as a man out of mind; yet early in the morning at the appointed time, by the power of his Deity he raised himself up from this pit of hell (the grave) and gloriously triumphed over it and Death. Of the Prophet Hosea. THis Prophet Hosea was borne in a town called Bemeloth, or Bethmeloth, (as Dorotheus sometime Bishop of Tyre saith) which was a town in the Tribe of Issacher, not fare from Bethulia, some fifty two miles from jerusalem toward the North, near to which place Holofernes afterward pitched his Tents, extending thence to the field of Esdrelon, and the town Chelmon, from whence it seemeth this town taketh the name. He prophesied in Israel eight hundred years before Christ; his name signifieth, A Saviour, being derived of Hoschiag, the third conjugation of jaschag, that is, He hath saved, Mat. 2. Of the Prophet joel. IOel signifies, Gods own, as Saint Jerome expoundeth it. He prophesied eight hundred years before Christ, both in Israel and in judah. He was borne in a village which was called Bothomeron, not fare from Sichem, in the tribe of Manasses, as Dorotheus the Bishop of Tyre sayeth. Of The Prophet Amos. THis man's father dwelled at Tekoa, a poor man, one that kept kine, and used to gather wild figs, as appeareth in the first and seventh chapters of Amos. In this town Amos was borne, and followed the profession of his father, but the Lord called him to be a Prophet; and then he went to Bethel, which was twelve miles distant. Here he reprehended jeroboam King of Israel, for Idolatry, and worshipping the golden Calf; after, he was accused by Amasia the chief priest of the Idols in Bethel, and bound in chains, and at length Vria the son of this Amasia struck him upon his head with a spear, whereby he was mortally wounded. From Bethel, being sick, he was carried back to Tecoa, which was twelve miles: where a little after he died, as Saint Jerome witnesseth: in whose time his monument was to be seen. Amos signifieth, A burden, as indeed he was to the wicked Isralites, he so sharply reprehended them in his sermons of the law. He lived eight hundred years before Christ. So his travels were 24 miles. Of the Prophet Obediah. OBediah signifies, God's obedient servant, of Abad, he hath served, or been obedient. He lived six hundred years before Christ, about the time of the captivity of Babylon. Saint Jerome saith, that in his time there were to be seen in the city of Samaria, the monuments of three Prophets, that is, of Elisha, Obediah, and john Baptist. But some think that Obediah the Prophet lay not buried in Samaria, but rather it was the sepulchre of that Obediah which lived in the time of Ahab, that hide a hundred of the Lords Prophets, 50 in one cave, and 50 in another, between which there were 300 year's difference. The Travels of the Prophet jonah. THe Prophet jonas was borne in Gath Hepher, which was a town in the Tribe of Zabulon, from whence to Samaria is accounted thirty two miles: here he prophesied to jeroboam (second of that name) King of Israel, that he should recover Hemath and Damascus, and so to the plain of the Red Sea, 2 Reg. 14. From Samaria to joppa or japho a port town upon the sea shore (to which jonas went when he fled from the Lord) was 38 miles: But the Lord stirred up a great wind when jonas was upon the sea, that the Mariners cast him our, and he was devoured of a Whale, jonas 1. That Whale which had devoured jonas, with a continual course and great violence, in three days and three nights swum to the Euxine sea, and there cast him up upon the shore, which was 600 miles, Ios. Antiq. lib. 9 From the shore of the Euxine sea, jonas went to Niniveh, which are eight hundred miles: Here jonas preached repentance to the Ninivites, jon. 3.4. So all the Travels of jonas were 1470 miles. Of Gath Hepher. IN this town the Prophet jonas was born: it was situated in the tribe of Zebulon, sixty miles from jerusalem Northward and four miles from Nazareth towards the South. It seems to take the name from abundance of grapes; for Gath Ghephaer signifieth a Winepress. Of japho. IApho or joppa was a city or haven town situated upon the sea, where all such ships landed as went into judaea. At this day the Turks and Saracens call it jafa, lying upon the Mediterranean sea, in the tribe of Dan, Ios. 19 in a certain mountain 20 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. Pliny, li. 5. saith, This city was built before the Flood; and in S. jeroms' time there was to be seen the stone to which Andromeda was bound when she should have been devoured by a monster of the sea. The Poets feign this woman to be the daughter of Cepheus, and delivered by Perseus' King of the Persians, whom after she married. It is called japho because of the beautiful situation. Some say it was so called of japheth the son of Noah, who first caused it to be built. Of Tharsis. FRom joppa, as is said, the Prophet jonas descended into a ship, that he might fly upon the sea. The Latin and Greek texts read it Tharsin; whence it happened that many have thought that jonas fled from Tharsis a city in Cilicia, in which country Saint Paul was borne. But Luther in his Exposition of the Prophecy of jonas doth utterly disallow of this as false; for the Hebrew Text reads it not, To Tharsin, but In Tharsin, that is, into the Sea. For the Hebrew tongue hath two words or syllables which signify the Sea, which are jam and Tharsis. jam signifieth not only a great sea, but the meeting together of waters, or a Lake. So in Luke 5. the sea of Galilee, in which Christ and his Disciples sailed, is called a Lake; yet joh. cap. 6. and the rest of the Evangelists, call it a sea. So also Moses, Gen. 1. calleth the meeting together of the waters, jam; which may signify a sea and a Lake. But Tharsis, or Tarschich denoteth a great sea, and no Lake; or an high and troublesome sea, as the Mediterranean sea is. In this Paul traveled, and there standeth many Islands, as Rhodes, Cyprus, Sicilia and others; all which are at this day subject to the Turks, Venetians, or Spaniards. It extendeth itself from joppa and Silicia, to the straits between Spain and Mauritania. Into this Sea jonas was cast when the Whale devoured him. In like manner, the Red sea and all others that are ocean seas are called Tharsis, as appeareth in the 72 Psalm, where it is said, The Kings of Tharsis and of the Isles shall bring Presents. Here, the Kings whose Empires extend themselves alongst the sea coast are understood. But the city Tharsis (the country of the Apostle Paul) is not a kingdom, neither ever had a King, much less many Kings. So Solomon sent his ships by Tharsin (that is, by sea towards the Southeast, into the Red sea and Eastern Ocean) that they might bring gold, precious stones, and sweet gums from Arabia. But the ships could not sail by the Red sea unto the town of Tharsis unless they would have sailed over the land, which is impossible; because Tharsis lieth into the land from the Red sea, as all Cosmographers agree. So also the Psalmist saith, Thou breakest with thy strong winds the ships of Tharsis, that is, of the sea; beside many such like speeches. From whence S. jerom concludes, that Tharsis may better signify the sea, than the city Tharsis. Of the Euxine sea. THe Euxine Ocean is that great and troublesome sea which beginning not fare from Constantinople, runneth from Bosphorus and Thrace, towards the East and North, containing to the Longitude eight hundred miles, but to the Latitude two hundred and eighty. Towards the South it toucheth upon Asia the less; towards the East upon Calcos'; towards the West, Thracia and Valachia: but towards the North it is joined to the pool of Maeotides. This sea in times past was called Pontus Axenus, that is, the inhospitable country; because as Strabo, lib. 1. of his Cosmography saith, The inhabitants near about the seashore did usually sacrifice those strangers they got, or else cast their bodies unto dogs to he devoured, making drinking cups of their skulls. But after, when the jonians had built certain towns upon the sea coast, and had restrained the incursions of certain Scythian thiefs which usually preyed upon Merchants that resorted thither; at the command of Pontus their King, who had obtained a large and spacious kingdom in that country, they called it Pontus Euxinus, which is as much to say as, the hospitable country. Ovid testifieth almost the same, concerning the original of the name of this sea, after this manner; Frigida me cohibent Euxini littora Ponti, Dictus ab antiquis Axinus ille fuit. The chilly shores of th' Euxine sea constrains me to abide, In ancient time called Axinus, as it along did glide. Of Ninus or Nineveh. NInus or Nineveh was a city of Assyria, where the Emperors of that country used to keep their courts. It was first built by Ninus that great Emperor of the first Monarchy, 300 years after the flood, and 2000 before Christ, about the time when the Patriarch Abraham was borne. It continued in great glory for the space almost of 1500 years, and was distant from jerusalem toward the North-east 684 miles: upon the East side joining to the river Tigris, on the North to the Caspian sea. It takes the name from the beauty of it, being derived of Navah, which signifieth A comely place spacious and pleasant. There are many that are of opinion that in many things it exceeded Babylon; as, for the sumptuousness of the buildings, the strength of the Walls, and the extent. The walls were so thick that three Chariots might have met upon them without any danger; and beautified with an hundred and fifty towers. jonas being sent of God to this city, was three days going through it, that is (as Luther expounds it) through every street of it; in which time he converted a hundred and twenty thousand to repentance. Arbaces (who was also called Arphaxad) was then Emperor. This Arbaces, justine lib. 2. calleth Arbactus: he was a Captain of the Medes, who perceiving the effeminate disposition of Sardanapalus the then Emperor, taking advantage of the times, and this man's weakness, conspired with some of his companions to usurp upon his government: and that he might make them hate and loathe his looseness, brought them into a room where the might see him sitting amongst his harlots, tired in woman's apparel, and carding wool. This sight greatly displeasing them, and before being encouraged by Arbactus, they seized upon the city, and besieged Sardanapalus in his palace. But to prevent the misery of a shameful death, after he had gathered all his riches together, he set fire on his palace, where he, his companions, and treasure perished. This fire continued 15 days, and happened 823 years before Christ: about which time Arbactus succeeded Sardanapalus, began to reign, and continued his government 28 years. But the Medes held not the Assyrian Empire long; for Phul Belochus who at this time reigned in Babylon, and his successor Tiglath Philasser, are called Kings of Assyria, between whom there happened many great Wars, 2 Kings, 15.26. From whence may be gathered, That after the death of Arbactus, these Emperors dwelled in Niniveh, and succeeded in the Empire. Thus was this city greatly defaced with continual evils, the Lord before hand giving them many admonitions and gentle corrections (if it had been in them to have conceived it) to win them to repentance; but they continued still in their sins, therefore according to their former prophecies, Cyaxares King of the Medes besieging this town, took it and destroyed it even unto the ground, as Eusebius saith. This desolation happened 13 years before the destruction of jerusalem, in the 11 year of Sadyattis King of the Lyddians, who was grandfather to Croesus, An. mundi 3349, before Christ 619. After this destruction it lay a long time desolate, but at length some part of it was restored, though with much trouble; & then when it was at the best estate, constrained to suffer many changes; and at length utterly destroyed by Tamerlane the Great the second time, An. must 3390. After this, the inhabitants of that country upon the East side of the river Tigris, began the third time to build it. But whether this third restoring of this City was at the command of some Prince that had the government of the Country thereabouts, or because of the situation, or for private profit, it is not set down: nevertheless it is again repaired, standing on the borders of Armenia, beautified with goodly buildings, with fair and spacious streets, compassed about (as other cities of the East are) with walls and ditches sufficiently strengthened to oppose the Enemy. But in respect of the former Niniveh it seems a small village. It hath a bridge built of ships, lying upon the East side of it over the river Tigris; and upon that side of the River there stand many fair gardens and orchards; and the land there also is very fertile and pleasant. But upon the West of Tigris the soil is nothing so fruitful. At this day it is called by the name of Mossel; so that although it stands in the same place, yet doth it not retain the same name. To this town there is a great resort of merchants, who bring up their commodities from the River Tigris hither, and from hence convey them to Bagdeth & many other parts of the world. The inhabitants thereof are for the most part Nestorians, of whom you may read before in the description of the Sects remaining in jerusalem at this day. They are had in great account and estimation among the Turks, because it is imagined that one of this sect helped Mahomet to compose the Koran. This Nestorius lived anno Dom. 429. and taught at Constantinople; but after he was condemned at Ephesus for an heretic, he was constrained to steal from Constantinople, and to fly to Thebes in Egypt; where God laid a grievous punishment upon him, for his tongue began to rot in his head, and to consume with vermin, of which he died miserably. The spiritual signification of the Prophet jonas IOnas signifieth a Dove, and typically representeth Christ in his name. For Christ was that gracious and innocent Dove, who hath made evident to man his singular mercy & clemency, without any show of bitterness or wrath. Then in his affliction; for as jonas thrust himself into the sea of calamity, and there was swallowed up of a Whale; which might be well resembled to the grave: so Christ our Saviour was cast into the sea of affliction, the misery and calamity of this world; and after that, thrust into the jaws of death, the grave, where (as jonas did in the whales belly) he lay three days, and then arose again, the earth being unable any longer to contain his body. Of the Prophet Micah. THis Prophet was born at Maresa a town of judea, 16 miles from jerusalem Westward; it signifieth a bitter field. In S. jeroms' time the ruins of the wall of this City was to be seen. Micha or Micheas signifieth humble or lowly. This man was held in great estimation, because he was the first that named the country where our Saviour Christ should be born, viz. in Bethlehem, 800 years before his nativity. He lived an. M. 3200. Of the Prophet Nahum. NAhum signifies a Comforter. He was borne in a town of Galilee, called Elcosch, as he saith in the beginning of his Prophecy. This village was shown unto Saint Jerome, by those that traveled with him through the holy land: in his time it was but a small village, called by the name of Elcos', and situated (as Dorotheus Bishop of Tyre saith) on the further side of Bethabara, sixteen miles and something more from jerusalem toward the North-east. This Prophet lived 750 years before Christ, and prophesied of the destruction of Niniveh, which after came to pass. Of the Prophet Habacuck. HAbacuck, or Chabacuck, signifies, One that embraceth, or a lover; from Chaback, He hath embraced. For as a Nurse embraceth and kisseth her infant; so also this Prophet embraced and comforted his people with comfortable doctrine, lest by the destruction of jerusalem (which he prophesied should after happen by the Chaldaeans) they should be driven to desperation. Paul took the foundation of his Epistle to the Romans out of this Prophet, reciting a saying of his, viz. The Justice shall live by faith He began to preach a little before the Prophet jeremy, 650 years before Christ, above 100 years before Daniel was cast into the Lion's den. From whence most of the Learned conclude, that this could not be that Habacuck which brought meat to Daniel as he was among the Lions; but they rather think it a fragment of a spiritual comedy, and therefore worthy to be called Apocrypha. Of the Prophet Zephania. ZEphania signifies the Secretary of the Lord; being derived of Zaphan, He hath kept secret. He lived in jerusalem and judaea in the time of josiah King of juda. He was born (as Dorotheus Bishop of Tyre saith) in a town called Sabarthaca in the tribe of Simeon. Of the Prophet's Haggai and Zacharia. HAggai or Chaggai signifieth, A Priest celebrating the Feast of the Lord; being derived of Chagag, He hath celebrated a feast. And Zacharias or Zacharia doth denote, such a man as remembered the Lord; being derived of Zachar, that is, He hath remembered or recorded. These two Prophets prophesied in jerusalem in the second year of Darius the son of Histaspis, 519 years before Christ, an. mun. 3449. Haggai began his prophecy upon the first day of the sixth month Elul, answering to the 28 of August. He sharply reprehended the people because they neglected the house of the Lord, and built up their own houses. In the eighth month Marhusuan (which for the most part answereth to our November) Zacharias the same year began to prophesy, and in his sermon exhorted the people to repentance, adding the promise of our Saviour, and that he would turn unto them that would turn unto him, Zach. 1. These two Prophets lie buried 20 miles one from the other. For as Dorothaeus Bishop of Tyre saith, Haggai lies buried in jerusalem amongst the Priests. But Zacharias near to a town in the field of Bethania, 20 miles from jerusalem Westward. But in the time of Theodosius the Emperor was removed and preserved as an holy Relic. Concerning that fable and figment inserted into the history Nicephorus, I utterly disallow. Of the Prophet Malachi. THis Prophet prophesied after the captivity of Babylon, and dwelled in the town of Ziph, as Dorotheus Bishop of Tyre saith. Malachi signifies an Angel sent; and in Greek, a Messenger: for this Prophet preached so comfortably as if he had been an angel of God; but principally of Christ and Saint john Baptist, who should go before him, to prepare his way and make his paths strait. S. jerom in his Epistle to Paul and Eustochius writes, that some of the Hebrews suppose this Malachi to have been Esdras the Scribe, who was sent by Artaxerxes Longimanus Emperor of the Persians, to restore the commonwealth of Israel, in the year before Christ 457. An Instruction how the Prophets may rightly be understood. FIrst look into the Cosmographical Table at the beginning of this book, and diligently observe the countries & cities that are there set down, and how they lie situated from jerusalem. Toward the South of jerusalem, the Idumeans, Ismaelites, Arabians, and Egyptians dwell. Toward the East, the Moabits, Ammonites, Chaldaeans, Babylonians, and Persians. Toward the North, the Phoeniceans, Syrians, Assyrians, and Armenians. Toward the West lieth the Mediterranean sea, Grecia, Italy, Spain, and the Isles of the sea. Secondly this rule is to be observed, that as often as the Prophets speak of the tribes of Israel, they use these names, viz. Israel, Samaria, Ephraim, joseph, jesreel, Bethel, & Bethaven: these are the names of the Kingdom of Israel: but to the kingdom of juda these names are attributed, viz. judah, jerusalem, Benjamin, the house of David. But when the Prophets join these two Kingdoms together they call them by the names of jacob and Israel. Thirdly, when thou readest in the Prophets the name of any country or city which is not sufficiently known unto thee, search this alphabetical Table here following, and thou shalt find the whole matter declared unto thee. An alphabetical Table of all the Countries and Cities mentioned in the Prophets. A ABARIM, that is, a bridge or a passage over. It was a mountain of the Moabits where the Israelites pitched their tents, Num. 33. ANCHOR, the valley of Trouble. Here Achan was stoned to death for his thievery. It stood not fare from Gilgal toward the North, 12 miles from jerusalem, Ios. 7. Isa. 6. ADAMA, Red earth. This was one of the cities that were destroyed with fire and brimstone from heaven. AI, Hilly. This city joshuah burnt with fire. It lay 8 miles from jerusalem Northward, Ios. 8. AIATH, Idem, Esa. 10. ARE, or ARIOSTO, a Lion. It was a city of the Moabits lying beyond jordan in the tribe of Benjamin, called Ariopolis, situated upon the bank of the river Arnon, 24 miles from jerusalem Northeastward, Deut. 2. In Esa. 15. it is called Arar, a Destroyer. ARAM, Noble or Mighty. Armenia and Syria are so called, of Aram the son of Sem; the chief city of which country is Damascus. Pliny, lib. 6.17. saith, The Scythians were also in ancient times called Aramites. ARNON, a famous river of the Moabites in the tribe of Reuben, which falls into the dead sea, 20 miles from jerusalem Eastward. In Esa. 16. it is called RANAN, he hath shouted for joy. AROER, by usurpation, an Ewe tree. This is a city of the Moabits near to the river Arnon, in the tribe of Gad beyond jordan, 24 miles from jerusalem Eastward, jer. 40. There is another city so called, near to Damascus in Syria, Esa. 7. ARPAD, the light of redemption. This was a city in the land of Damascus, jer. 49. There is another flourishing city of that name which may compare with Antiochia for greatness, Esa. 10. But where it is situated it is uncertain. ARVAD was a part of the land of Canaan, so called of Aruad the son of Canaan, Gen. 10. ASCANES, or Tuiscones, are a people descended of Ascenitz, the son of Gomer the son of japhet, which sometimes dwelled in Armenia, but now have their abiding in Germany, 2 Gen. 10. Esa. 51. So that of Gomer they are called Germans, and of Ascanes, Ascanians or Tuiscons. ASSECA, fortified round about. Near to this town David killed Goliath. It stood 8 miles from jerusalem Westward. ASSUR or ASSYRIA, a blessed country; being so called of Assur the son of Sem. AVEN, Iniquity. Bethel was so called after jeroboam had there set up a golden Calf, Hos. 10. B BABEL, Confusion. Babylon is the metropolitan city of Chaldaea, 280 miles from jerusalem Eastward. BATH, Domestical. It was a town of the Moabits in the Tribe of Reuben beyond jordan, Esa. 16. BAZRA, a grape-gathering. It was a city of the Edomites situated upon the bank of jordan on the farther side, near to Bethabara, 20 miles from jerusalem Northeastward, Esa. 24.36. jer. 48. Note here, that the country of the Moabits in times past was subject to the Edomits, and then this city was in their jurisdiction; but after, the Moabits got it into their hands again and held it. It was one of the six towns of refuge mentioned, Ios. 29. BEROTHAI, a Cypress tree. This town stood near Hemath or Antiochia, 280 miles from jerusalem Northward, Ezek. 49. In this city David King of Israel took Hadadesar King of Zoba or Sophena, and constrained him to give him a great deal of Brass (as it is thought) yearly for tribute: for near that city were many brass mines. BETHAVIN, the house of iniquity. Bethel was so called, Hos. 6. It stood 8 miles from jerusalem Northward. BETH-CHaeREM, the house of the Vines. It was a town not far from jerusalem Northward. jer. 6. BETH-DIBLATHAIM, the house of dried Figs. It was a city of the Moabits, jer. 48. BETHIESIMOTH, the house of desolations. It was also a city of the Moabits beyond jordan in the tribe of Reuben, Ios. 13. Ezech. 25.20 miles from jerusalem. BETH-GAMUL, the house of Restitution. This was a city of the Moabits, jer. 48. BETH-BAALMEON, the house of habitation for the idol Baal. It was a city of the Moabits, 24 miles from jerusalem Eastward, not far from Aroer, Ezek. 25. 1 Chr. 5. BUTZ, a Castle of prey. It was a city of the Ismaelites in Arabia Petraea, 80 miles from jerusalem Southwestward, jer. 25. BELL and NEOB, two idols of the Babylonians, Esa. 45. Bel signifieth, the god of mixture or confusion: Neob, the god of prophecy. C CALNO, his perfection. This is Seleucia, situated upoa Tigris beyond Babylon, 316 miles from jerusalem Eastward. It is now called Bagdeth, Gen. 10. Esay 2. CAN, a firm foundation. It was a city of the Syrians, Ezek. cap. 27. CAPHIHOR, a little Sphere, or around globe like unto a Globe or pomegranate. Also Cappadocia a country of Asia the less, 600 miles from jerusalem Northward. CARCHEMIS, a sacrificed Lamb. This was situated too near Euphrates in Syria, 400 miles from jerusalem Northward, jerem. cap. 25. D DEEDAN, a city of the Idumaeans, so called of Dedan the son of Esau, jer. 25. Isa. 21. DIBON, a mist. This was a City of the Moabites near Hesbon in the tribe of Reuben, 28 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. DIBLATH, a bunch of Figs. It was a city in the tribe of Nepthali, near to the lake of Samoconites, 80 miles from jerusalem Northward, Ezek. 6. Here Zedekiah had his eyes put out, 2 Kin. 25 jer. 39.52. DIMON, Bloody. This is a city in the tribe of Reuben, which as S. jerom saith, is 28 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. DUMA, Silence. A city of the Israelites so called of Duma the son of Ishmael. It stood in Arabia Petraea, 80 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west, Esay 25.21. E EGBATHANA, the metropolitan city of the Medes, distant from jerusalem 1136 miles Northeastward. EDEN, Pleasure. A city of Syria situated near Euphrates, 400 miles from jerusalem Northeastward, Esay 7. This is thought to have been a part of Paradise. EGLAIM, a rood Drop. It was a town of the Moabites, Esay, 15.16. ELAM, a Young man, so called of Elem the son of Sem, Esa. 10.21 After Perseus had got in this country a great government, he called it after his own name, Persia. ELEALE, the ascension of God. It was a city beyond jordan in the tribe of Reuben, between jacza and Hehbon, 26 miles from jerusalem Northeastward, Num. 32. ELIM, a Hart. This was a lake so called in the land of the Moabits. Esa. 10. ELISA, the Lamb of God. So were the Aeolians called in Grecia, of Elysa the son of javan the son of japhet, Ezek. 7. Gen. 10. ENAGLAIM, the fountain of Calves. It was a town or Castle near to the Red sea, Ezek. 10. EPHA, the land of Obscurity. It was a part of Arabia Petraea, so called of Epha, the son of Midian the son of Abraham, Gen. 25. Esa. 60. G GEBIM, a Ditch. This was a town in the tribe of juda, Esa. 10. GEBAH, a hill. It was a hill in the city of Kiriath-jearim: there was a town also of the same name, standing within a little of it. This was a little more than a mile from jerusalem Westward, Esa. 10. GEBAL, a bound or limit. It was the bounds and limits of Syria, bordering upon the Mediterranean sea. This city Gibal or Gebal was 160 miles from jerusalem Northward, 1 Reg. 5. Psal. 82. GIBEAH, a hill. It was also called Gibeon, where Saul dwelled, four miles from jerusalem Northward, Esa. 10. GILGAL, a roundle, or the compass of a hill. Here joshuah pitched his tents: it stood between jericho and jordan, 12 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. GOG. The Turks were thus called because they lived in tents, Ezek. 48. GOSAN, a land and river in Mesopotamia, called after that name, 2 Reg. 17. Esa. 37. H HADAD RIMMON, a Pomegranate. This was a town near to Megiddo, where josia King of judah was wounded to death, 46 miles from jerusalem Northward, Zach. 12. HADRACH, the land of Gladness. So the Prophet Zachary calls Syria, cap. 19 HANES, an ensign of Grace. This was a city of Egypt bordering upon Assyria, Esa. 30. HARAM, the Syrian liberty. It was the metropolitan City of Mesopotamia, where Abraham dwelled, Gen. 11. distant from jerusalem 440 miles Northeastward. HAVERAN, a Casement. It was a City in Syria not fare from Damascus, 160 miles from jerusalem towards the North-East, Ezek. 47. HAZOR-ENON, the gate of a fountain. It was a city in Syria. HAZOR-TICHON, the middle Porch. It was a town in Syria not far from Haveran, Ezek. 47. HAZOR, The land of Hay. So the Ismaelities called their country. HEMATH, anger. So the Prophets called Antiochia the Metropolitan of Assyria, distant from jerusalem 280 miles Northward. HERMON, Accursed. It was a mountain beyond jordan, near to Libanus, 122 miles from jerusalem toward the North-east. There is another mountain of this name near to Naim, and not far from Mount Tabor, 44 miles from jerusalem towards the North, of which the Psalmist speaketh, Psal. 89. Tabor and Hermon praise thy Name. The mountain beyond jordan is oftentimes called by the name of Mount Gilead. HESBON, an ingenious cogitation. It was a city of the Moabites in the tribe of Reuben, 28 miles from jerusalem towards the North-east. HENAH and JEVAH were two idols, Esa. 37. HEVILAH, Sandy. So India is called, and a certain part of Arabia Petraea, of Hevilah the son of Chus, Gen. 10. These countries are very dry and sandy. HETHLON, He hath rolled together. It was a city of Syria near to Antiochia, Ezek. 47. HOLON, a Window. It was a town of the Moabits in the tribe of Reuben, and is also called Helon, Num. 2. jer. 47. HORONAIM, the Syrian Liberties, two towns of the Moabits, Esa. 16. I JACHZA, the privity of God. A city of the Moabits in the tribe of Reuben, 24 miles from jerusalem Eastward. JAEZER, the help of God. A city of Refuge belonging to the Levits, in the tribe of Gad beyond jordan, 40 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. JAVAN GRECIA, so called of javan the son of japheth, which was distant from jerusalem 800 miles Westward. JEZREEL, the Seed of God. This is the city where Queen jesabel was devoured of Dogs. It standeth 48 miles from jerusalem Northward. IRHERES, or Heliopolis, a city of the Sun. This was a City of Egypt, 224 miles from jerusalem toward the South-west. K KEDAR, Blackness. This was a Desert of the Ismaelites, called Sur, 80 miles from jerusalem Southwestward. KIR PARIES, a Wall. This was Cyrene a great city in Africa, which was 816 miles from jerusalem Westward. There was a town of this name in the land of the Moabits in the tribe of Reuben, Esa. 16. KIR-HAZERETH, or Kir-Hares, a Mudwall. It was a City of the Moabits in Arabia Petraea, otherwise called Petra, 72 miles from jerusalem towards the South, Esa. 16. KIRIATHAIM, a City. This town was in the tribe of Reuben, 22 miles from jerusalem Eastward, Esa. 16. KIRIAH, or Kirieth, ibidem. KITHIM, a shining jewel. Macedonia is so called of Kithim the son of javan the son of japhet, Gen. 10. jer. 2. Mac. 1. For if you do diligently observe the derivation of names, you shall find that of Kithim comes Maketis, and so by continuance of time, and change of words, Macedonia. It lieth 920 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. L LACHIS, a continual walking, or as some will have it, A pleasant walk. This was a city in the tribe of juda, 20 miles from jerusalem Westward, jer. 34. LAISA, a Lioness. So was Caesarea Philippi sometimes called. It was also called Dan, situated near to the fountains of the river jordan, not far from Mount Libanus, 104 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. LIBNA, Frankincense. It was a town in the tribe of judah, 10 miles from jerusalem towards the South-West. LORD, that is, Lydia, a country in Asia minor, so called of Lud the son of Sem. LVIT, green grass; it is also a mountain in the Tribe of Reuben, Esa. 6. M MAGOG, dwelling under a shed or tent. The Turks are so called, Ezech. 38. MARESA, an inheritance. In this town the Prophet Micah was borne, Micha 1. it was situated in the Tribe of juda, distant from jerusalem 16 miles towards the West. MEDAI, a measure; the Kingdom of Media was so called, of Medai the son of japhet. Gen. 10. MEDBA, warm water: it was a city of the Moabits in the tribe of Reuben, 28 miles from jerusalem towards the East, Esay 16. MEDEMENA, a dunghill: it was a town in the tribe of judah, near Beerseba and Gaza, 44 miles from jerusalem toward the South-west, Iosh. 15. There was also another town of the same name in the tribe of Benjamin, not fare from jerusalem, Iosh. 10. jer. 48. MEGIDDO, a wholesome apple. Here josia King of juda was slain in war; it stood 46 miles from jerusalem Northward, Zach. 12. MEPHAATH, the splendour of waters: it was a city belonging to the Priests in the Tribe of Reuben, subject to the Moabites, 24 miles from jerusalem towards the East, jer. 48. MESECH, the tract of sowing: so the Muscovites and Russians are called, of Mesech the son of japhet, Gen. 10. MIDIAN, a measure: a town lying upon the red sea, 160 miles from jerusalem towards the South; so called of Midian the son of Abraham by Keturah, Gen. 25. MISPE, a Watch. This city stood in the land of Giliad, beyond jordan, eight and forty miles from jerusalem towards the North-east. There is another Town of this name also not fare distant from jerusalem in the Tribe of Benjamin, Hosea 5. Ierem. 40. MOAB, a father. The country of the Moabites, situated between the red sea and the mountain's Abarim, Ezech. 9 MEUSAL, running swiftly: it was the name of a people that took their beginning from Vsal the son of joktan. Gen. 19 N NABAIOTH, the country of the Prophets: this country beginneth in the Tribe of Gad beyond jordan, and extendeth to the East part of the dead sea, and so by the land of the Moabites to the Red sea. It taketh the name of Nabaioth the son of Ishmael: for all the tract of Arabia Petraea, from the Red sea to the Gulf of Persia, of him is called the land of Nabathaea. Diodorus Siculus saith as much, and further, That it extendeth towards the East unto the Indian sea, Gen. 25. NEBO, Prophesying. It was a city of the Moabites in the Tribe of Reuben, near to mount Pisga, twenty miles from jerusalem towards the East, jer. 48. NIMRIM, a Leopard. This was also a city in the Tribe of Gad beyond jordan, thirty two miles from jerusalem towards the North-east, Isa. 16. NO, a hindrance, so was Alexandria a city in Egypt in ancient times called, distant from jerusalem 288 miles towards the West, Ezek. 30. NOPH, a honey comb; so the Prophets call Memphis the Metropolis of Egypt, being distant from jerusalem 244 miles towards the Southeast, Isa. 18. jer. 2. Ezek. 30. O ON, opulency. So Ezech. c. 30. calleth Heliopolis, a city of Egypt, which is 224 miles distant from jerusalem towards the South-west. OREB, a Crow or Raven. near to this place in mount Ephraim Prince Oreb was slain: not far from jericho, twelve miles from jerusalem towards the North, judg. 7. Psal. 83. OPHIR, a palace: it was the proper name of the son of Io●● the posterity of Sem, of whom in times past India was called Ophir. You may read of this, Gen. 10. 1 Reg. 9 P. PATHROS, or PETRA, the Metropolitan city of Arabia Petraea, 72 miles from jerusalem towards the South. It is a country also of Egypt near Taphnis, 180 miles from jerusalem toward the South-west, Isa. 11. Ezech. 29. PARATH, fruitful. A name of the river Euphrates, jer. 2.13. PRAZIN, a breach. It is a valley near jerusalem, where David overcame the Philistines, 2 Sam. 5. PHUT is Africa, so called of Phuth the son of Cham. Gen. 10. R RABATH, a multitude. Philadelphia the Metropolitan of the Ammonites is so called, 96 miles from jerusalem towards the North-east. RAEMA, thunder: so they called Aethyopia, of Raema the son of Chus, Gen. 10. RAMA, high. This city stood eight miles from jerusalem towards the North, Isa. 10. There were other cities also of the same name and signification. REZEPH, a coal; it was a city in Syria, Isa. 37. RIBLATH, an inveterate anger. This was a city in the Tribe of Nepthaly, near to the lake of Samoconites, 80 miles from jerusalem towards the North. Antiochia also was sometimes called Riblah, 2 Reg. 25. jer. 39.52. RIMMON, a Pomegranate. This was a city in the Tribe of judah not far from Gerar, 32 miles from jerusalem towards the Southeast. S SABA, the stone Achates. This was the Metropolitan City of Aethyopia, called also Meroe, 960 mile's ftom jerusalem towards the South. The two famous Queens (one that came to see Solomon, the other mentioned Act. 8.) dwelled in this town. SANIR, a clear light. So mount Hermon beyond jordan was called of the Ammonites: it stood 112 miles from jerusalem towards the North-east. SARION, the Dove's song. So the Edomites called Mount Hermon that stood beyond jordan. SARON, a fair plain, or a green place. So is that plain between the sea of Galilee and Mount Ephraim called, Is. 35. There are some that think there is a Mountain so called. SELA, a Rock: this is Petra a city of Arabia, ante. SEPHARVAIM, a city of the Scribes: it stood in Assiria, Isa. 37. SIBARIM, a city of Syria near to Damascus, Ezech. 47. SIBMA, a possession, a city built by the sons of Reuben, 24 miles from jerusalem towards the East, Num. 32. SICHOR, black. It is a brook or river called Rhinocorurus, which falleth into the Mediterranean sea, near to the town Rinocorura, situated upon the utmost borders of the Holy land towards the South, 72 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west. The river Nilus in Egypt is also called Sichor, jer. 2. SIMRI, Guardians. They were Arabians dwelling upon an Angle of Isthumus of the red sea. SINEAR, a blow upon the teeth. Chaldea is so called, Is. 11. ZION, or SCAION, by Schin, not by Zade, tranquillity and security: the Mount whereon jerusalem stood is not so called, but Mount Hermon beyond jordan, Deut. 4. SIENE, or SEVENE, illustrious: it was a city in Africa, upon the borders of Egypt and Aethyopia, 516 miles from jerusalem towards the South. jovias' saith, that the inhabitants at this day call it Guagheram. T TACHPANES, or TAPHNIS, a covered or hidden ensign. It is a city in Egypt, 180 miles from jerusalem Southwestward, jerem. 2.43. THAMAR, a plain. This town was built by Solomon, and stood 360 miles from jerusalem towards the North-east. THELASSER, a Prince's tomb: it was a country upon the borders of Assiria, Isay 37. THEMATH wonderful: a city of Arabia Petraea, jer. 25. so called of Thama the son of Ishmael, Gen. 25. it stood 40 miles from jerusalem Southward: it is called Theman, a City of the South. THOGARMA, perfection. Tartary was so called of Thogarma the son of Gomer the son of japhet, Gen. 10. Ezech. 27. THUBAL, a people bordering upon the Muscovites, so called of Thubal the son of japhet, Gen. 10. Ezekiel, cap. 27. & 38. maketh Mesech, Thubal, Gog, and Magog, all one people: from whence may be gathered, that these people dwelled towards the North, and were governed by one Prince. In the 38 Chapter he calls them Gog, that is, the Turk, who is Prince and governor in Mesech and Thubal. Therefore without doubt the people of Russia in times past were called Thubal, which people dwelled near to Muscovia: and this opinion seems to be more probable than theirs that imagine the Italians and Spaniards, which have their dwellings near unto the river Iberia, to be the offspring of Thubal. V VPHAR, the country of gold. It is called also Ophir and India. 1 Reg. 9 jer. 10. Dan. 10. Psal. 119. Z ZEB, a Wolf. The winepress of Zeb was in Mount Ephraim, not far from jericho, 12 miles from jerusalem towards the North, where Zeb the Prince of the Midianites was slain. There is another town of this name, near to the river jaboch, beyond jordan, 48 miles from jerusalem towards the North-east. ZEBOIM, pleasantness. One of the five cities that were burnt with fire from heaven, Gen. 14.19. Hosea 11. ZENAN, a sheepfold: it was a city in the Tribe of juda, Mich. 1. ZOAN, moving. Tanis a city in Egypt where Moses wrought all his miracles before Pharaoh, was so called: it stood 232 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west. ZOBA, presumptuous. This was also called Zophena: it is the country of Armenia, 600 miles from jerusalem towards the North, which David conquered, 2 Sam. 8. 1 Chron. 19 ZOR, a rock. Tyrus is so called; it stood 160 miles from jerusalem towards the North. Thus (gentle Reader) for your better ease and understanding, have I collected a short Alphabetical Table, and therein briefly described all those countries and cities mentioned in the Prophets: that so by your diligent care and observation, you may the better understand the meaning of such texts of Scripture wherein they are mentioned. Of Esdras the Lawyer. ESdras signifies, a helper, of Asar, he helped. He is a type of our Lord jesus Christ, who is our helper and Saviour, which hath brought us into that holy land, eternal life; and is the restorer of religion, and the Christian Commonwealth. This Esdras was sent to jerusalem, to restore the commonwealth of the jews, Anno mundi 3511, before Christ, 457, in the seventh year of Artaxerxes Longimanus, that good Emperor of the Persians. So he went from Babylon to Ahaeva, a certain river near Babylon; to which place he assembled a great multitude of jews, and from thence sent to Caspia to fetch a certain number of Levites, (this land was in Chaldea not far from Babylon.) These being here met together, celebrated a fast unto the Lord, and with solemn prayers besought his aid and furtherance in their enterprise: then they went thence to jerusalem, which was 680 miles, and there restored the judaical government, instituting Ecclesiastical officers, chief Priests, Princes and other governors. Of the land of Caspia. THe land of Caspia signifieth, the land of silver, being derived of Kesaeph, that is, silver. It was so called, because they used to dig silver in that place (see Lyra) it was a country near Babylon, where the priests and Levites were in captivity; and stood 680 miles from jerusalem towards the East. Of Nehemia. IN the 20 year of Artaxerxes Longimanus, which was anno mun. 3524, and before Christ, 444. Nehemias' went from Susan to jerusalem, which was 920 miles, there he repaired the walls and gates in 52 days, Nehem. 1.2.6. When he had governed judaea 12 years, he returned back again to Susan to Artaxerxes Longimanus, which was 920 miles, Nehem. 3. Afterward Artaxerxes about the end of his reign suffered Nehemia to return back again to jerusalem, which was 920 miles, Nehem. 17. So these journeys of Nehemia make 2760 miles. Of this city Susan you may read before. Of the name and typical signification of Nehemiah. NEhemiah signifies The consolation of God, being derived of Nicham, He hath comforted. This man was a type of our Lord jesus Christ; for as Nehemias' was a comfort unto the dispersed jews, in that he was sent to restore them into their own country, and to rebuild jerusalem; so Christ our comforter was sent by his Father from that everlasting throne of heaven, to refresh & comfort us by his doctrine, and gather the dispersed members of his Church into one communion, that he might bring them into that heavenly jerusalem which he hath built, and where he hath prepared a place for us. The Travels of Serubabel. SErubabel carried the people of Israel from Babylon to jerusalem, which was 680 miles, in the first year of Cyrus' Emperor of Persia, anno mundi 3433, before Christ, 535. In the 17 year of his government he went from jerusalem to Susan 920 miles, 3 Esd. 3.4. From Susan he went to Babylon, which was 242 miles, 3 Es. 4. From Babylon in the same year he returned to jerusalem, 680 miles, where the next year after, in the beginning of the second month, which answers to the 21 of May, in the 3 year of Darius Ahasuerus, Zerubabel, and josua, the chief Priests of the jews, began to build the Temple, and finished it in the sixth year of the same King, 1 Esd. 6. So all the travels of Zerubabel were 2280 miles. The Book of ESTER. MOrdochius was led prisoner with jechoniah, to Babylon, which was 680 miles. From Babylon he went to Susan, which was 252 miles; there he brought up Ester his brother's daughter, and taught her honest discipline and the fear of God. This maid was very beautiful and comely, wherefore at such time as Darius Ahasuerus (the son of Hystaspis) had caused all the beautiful Virgins of his Empire to be brought before him, that from amongst them he might choose him a wife; Mordochius adorned this Virgin with goodly apparel, and she also went with them: in whose presence (by his instruction) she behaved herself so well, that the Emperor chose her from among the rest, and made her his Queen, she being at that time but a poor maid, and of small ability. They were married in Susan in the second year of his Empire, an. mun. 3454, and before Christ, 514. From whence it is evident, That preferment cometh neither from the East, nor from the West, but from the Lord. So these two journeys make 932 miles. The Types and Allegories collected out of the Book of Ester. MOrdochius, or Mordochai signifies bitter and contrite, being derived of Marah, He was bitter, and Dachah, Sorrowful and contrite. A fit resemblance of that true Mordochius, Christ jesus, who for our sins and offences was constrained to drink of that bitter cup of afflictions, the necessities of this world, suffering in his body more than tolerable torments, as you may read in his passion; therefore justly called Mordochius, that is, bitter and contrite. Ester and Alma have both one signification, that is, a virgin, or one kept from the bed of man. Therefore she was a notable image of the Church, who keepeth herself chaste and undefiled, avoiding the society of evil men; and although she seem to be desolate and forsaken in this world, in respect of the wicked (who flourish like a flower, and glory in voluptuousness and pleasure) yet hath she her Mordochius, her Spouse, her dearly beloved, which provides for her, even jesus Christ that immaculate lamb who died for her salvation, and will cloth her in white, put into her hand a regal sceptre, crown her with glory, and set her with him in the throne of eternal happiness. Ahasuerus signifies, a noble Captain, and typically represents God the father: for as the Emperor had the command of 127 Provinces, and in them did principally rule; so God our heavenly father is the Emperor and governor of all Kingdoms, and all creatures both in heaven and in earth be obedient to his will; he sitteth in that everlasting palace of heaven, that place of joy, and that eternal Paradise, from whence he looketh down to behold us miserable and distressed creatures upon earth; of his merciful goodness electing and choosing us to be heirs of that eternal Kingdom, and purifieth us with the graces of his holy Spirit, so that we might be made capable to sit with him in eternal felicity. The disdainful Queen Vasthy may be a fit Type and Effigies of this world, not only in respect of her pride, but her excess in drinking; taking her name from Schatha, which signifies, To drink: so this World liveth in all manner of prodigality and luxury, and contemneth the Lord and King thereof, that Almighty God which sitteth in the Heavens; and therefore is justly thrown down from that eternal Kingdom; whereas on the contrary, humble Ester (that is, the Church) is taken up into dignity, and crowned in that everlasting Kingdom of Heaven. Haman signifies, A rebellious and proud man: being derived of HAMAN, He hath stirred up a tumult: typically representing the Devil, whom God in the beginning made a good Angel, exalted him in the heavens, and made him much more glorious than others; yet notwithstanding glorying in himself, he contemned his Maker, & nothing would content him but to become like unto him, yea he desired to be worshipped of our Lord jesus Christ, Mat. 4. And as Haman endeavoured to overthrew not only all the people of the jews, but Queen Hester also; so the Devil doth not only endeavour to overthrew the whole Church, but if it were possible the head of the Church Christ jesus. Of that holy man job. IOb was a holy and good man: he dwelled in the land of Us, so called of Us the son of Aram the son of Sem, as S. Jerome upon Genesis observeth. This Us was that great man which built (as was thought) Damascus in Syria, and all the land which extendeth from Damascus to jordan, after his name was called Us, that is, the land of counsel, for so Us signifieth. There were two towns in this country, where job is said to have dwelled; that is, Astaroth-Carnaim, and Batzra: Asteroth-Carnaim was distant from jerusalem, 52 miles towards the North-east, the inhabitants of which town worshipped the goddess Venus, and called her by the name of Astaroth, of which you may read before. S. Jerome saith, That the sepulchre of job was to be seen in his time in that town; and later writers testify as much for their times. This town at this day is called Carnea. Batzra is mentioned in the 36 of Genesis, it signifieth a grape gathering. In this town it was thought that job was borne, it lay beyond jordan in the tribe of Reuben, 20 miles from jerusalem towards the North-east. All this country in those times was subject to the King of the Edomites or Idumaeans; but after it was joined to the land of the Moabites, they having conquered the kings of Edom: you man read more of it in the 6 of Isay, also Ios. 20. where is showed, that it was one of the six cities of refuge, appointed by joshua. Hear job for the most part continued and held this town in great honour and reputation. He lived about the time of Baela, first king of the Edomites: and according to the opinion of Saint jerom, Augustine, Ambrose, Philo, and Luther, was for his excellent virtue and singular piety, chosen King of that country, which he greatly enlarged, making all the countries and neighbouring Princes near adjoining, tributary unto him: wherefore (as jerom saith, in locis Hebraicis) having obtained so large an Empire, he removed his seat from Batzra to Astaroth Carnaim, which was a strong and well defenced city, where in those times (as Moses witnesseth, Gen. 14.) there inhabited mighty men, and noble Heroes; that so by their virtue he might with the greater facility suppress and conquer other Provinces. There are many think him to be of the stock of Abraham, and of the family of Esau, because he is mentioned in the 36 of Genesis where it is said, That when Baela died, jobab the son of Zerah of Bozra or Betzra reigned in his stead. And Saint jerom in his preface upon the book of job showeth, that he was but five degrees removed from Abraham: for Abraham had Ishmael Basmath, who was the wife of Esau, mother of Reguel, grandmother to Sarah, and great grandmother to job. So that by the mother's side job descended from Ishmael, and by the father's side from Esau. Isaac Esau Reguel Serah job or jobab, king of Idumaea, Gen. 36. Notwithstanding there are some that are of opinion, That he descended from Nahor, Abraham's brother; and was of the family of Us, Nahors son: which opinion also Saint jerom mentioneth in his hebraical questions. But most of the ancient fathers hold this nothing so probable. Luther upon the 36 chapter of Genesis saith, That he was King long time before Moses carried the children of Israel out of Egypt. For juda and Aser the sons of jacob, had children before they went into the land of Egypt, Gen. 46. therefore it is not impossible for Reguel the son of Esau, to have children also, since he was married long before his brother jacob. From hence then it may be gathered, that job was King of Idumaea before jacob and his sons went into the land of Egypt. For although the fourteen sons of Esau governed the land of Edom, like so many Princes (of which number Reguel the grandfather of job was one) because they held it as their inheritance; yet to avoid sedition and distractions, which oftentimes happen where there is not a certain head and principal commander, therefore they elected Bela the son of Beor to be their King: after whose death they chose job, because he was a holy man of God, and in his actions just and upright; who without doubt reigned amongst the Edomites a long time. For he lived after his afflictions (which God imposed upon him to try him) 140 years. Plato saith, he married Dina the daughter of jacob: but Saint Jerome, That he married the daughter of an Arabian, by whom he had Enon. Both these may be true; for his first wife being dead he might marry an Arabian. After the death of job, the Giants & Heroes in Asteroth Carnaim fell again from the Idumaeans; for when Moses brought the children of Israel out of the desert of Arabia Petraea, and that they had conquered the land beyond jordan, the city Astaroth-Carnaim had a King called Og, who governed all the Kingdom of Basan. This Giant was of a mighty stature; he had a bed of iron * Four yards & a half long, & two broad. nine cubits long, and four broad, Deut. 3. Of Eliphaz. ELiphaz the Themanite was the brother of Reguel, jobs grandfather. This Eliphaz had a son called Theman, who built a city, and after his own name called it Theman, where Eliphaz his father dwelled with him. From whence it happened that he was called Eliphaz the Themanite, job 2. It was distant from jerusalem forty miles towards the South, and therefore it was called a city of the South: you may read of Eliphaz in jer. cap. 25. He had a Concubine called. Thimnah, because of her beauty & comely proportion: by her he had Amaleck, of whom came the Amalekites, between whom and the children of Israel were cruel wars, Exod. 17. The Travels of Eliphaz the Themanite. FRom Themen he went to Astaroth-Carnaim, where job dwelled, which is accounted 92 miles, to comfort his friend job, job, 2. From Astaroth-Carnaim he returned back to his own house, which was 92 miles. So the travels of Eliphaz were 184 miles. Of Bildad, jobes' friend. BEyond jordan and the sea of Galilee not fare from Astaroth-Carnaim, there is at this day found a town called Suah, where (as it is thought) Bildad the friend of job dwelled. Near to this town (as Sebastian Francus observeth in his cosmography) there was yearly in the Summer season a great mart kept in certain tents and tabernacles erected for that purpose, of diverse colours. Bildad signifies an ancient friend, and Suah taketh the name from desolation, being derived of Scho, he hath made desolate. Of Zophar the friend of job. ZOphar dwelled in the city of Naema, Iosh. 15. but how fare it stood from jerusalem is uncertain. Zophar, of Zaphar, signifieth, swift. Naema signifies, pleasant and delectable, of Naem, courteous and comfortable. Of jobs daughters. THe Lord gave unto job after his affliction, and that he had tried his faithfulness, three daughters, so fair, that there were none fairer to be found in all the land. The name of the first was jemmima, that is, as fair as the day, of jom, which signifies, a day. The second Kazia, that is, such a one as giveth a pleasant savour like unto the gum Cassia. The third, because of the excellency of her countenance was called Kaerens Hapuch, that is, casting forth rays or beams, job. 42. APOCRYPHA. The Book of JUDETH. Of Egbatana. AFter the death of Arbactus or Arphaxad, which signifies a mighty Lion, to whom jonas prophesied, as is said before; there succeeded in the Empire of the Medes, Mandanes, Sarsomenes, Artecarnis, Cardiceas, and Deioces; who being enthronised in that Empire, called himself Arphaxad or Arbactus, the second. This man built Egbatana the metropolitan city of the Medes, and beautified it with very fair buildings & goodly walls, made all of four square stone cut and polished, 70 cubits high, and 30 broad; towers standing upon it 100 cubits in height, as well those that were for the defence of the town, as those where the gates were. The air in that country was temperate, inclining rather to cold than heat, because it lay toward the North: it stood 1136 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. Here (for the most part) this Emperor kept his court, till (as Herodotus saith) he was utterly conquered by Nabuchadnezzar, Emperor of the Babylonians. This was that Nabuchadnezzar which sent Holofernus with a mighty army against judaea, Bethulia, and many other cities and countries, and would be worshipped as a god. judeth. 3. Of Hydaspes. HYdaspes is a river that ariseth in Media, which runneth through a part of Parthia, extendeth itself into India; and not fare from the city Nisa falleth into Indus, according to the opinion of Pliny, and Strabo, lib. 15. near this river Nabuchadnezzar overcame Dieoces, otherwise called Arbactus, judg. 1. The description of the countries conquered by HOLOFERNES. Of Kedar. KEdar (the wilderness of Zur was thus called:) stood in the land of the Ishmaelites, 80 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west: and took the name of Kedar the son of Ishmael, Gen. 25. Of the mountains of Ange. THe mountains of Ange, lay between Pamphilia and Cicilia; to the latitude of that famous country of Cilicia in Asia minor, 320 miles from jerusalem towards the North; not fare from Anchiale a city of Cilicia, from whence it seemeth to take the name. Of Cilicia. CIlicia is a province of Asia minor; so called of Cilice the kings son of Syria and Phoenicia: the Metropolitan City of which country was Tharsus, where the Apostle Paul was borne: it was distant from jerusalem 304 miles towards the North. Of Mallos. Mallos' a city of Cilicia, was so called of Malo, that is, plenty of all things. Stephanus saith, that it took that name of Mollo, who first built it. It is a city to this day, and of most of the inhabitants of that country called Mallo, as Gesner observeth. Of Gesem. GEsem signifies, fruitful. The land of Gosen in Egypt was so called, being derived of Gusch, that is, a turf: it stood 174 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west. Of Aethyopia. THis country stands beyond Egypt, 800 miles from jerusalem towards the South, where the Sun is extreme hot, that it turneth the complexion of the inhabitants to blackness: here breed great abundance of Dragons and cruel beasts. Of Esdrelon. ESdrelon was a plain lying between the mountains, Thabor, Hermon, and Gilboa, extending itself from the cities of Megiddo and Apheck, to the sea of Gennezareth or Galilee. In this great field, which was called the plain of Galilee, and the field of Megiddo and Esdrelon, there were many cruel battles fought; for here Gideon overcame the Midianites: here Saul was put to flight by the Philistines, from whence ascending into Mount Gilboa he killed himself. josias also, King of the jews, was in this place put to flight by Pharaoh Necho, and wounded unto the death. The camp of Holofernes was so great that it took up all the plain, which contained 16 miles in length. In some parts it was wonderful fruitful, and brought forth wine, oil, and many other commodities in great abundance. It stood 52 miles from jerusalem towards the North, and was so called of Cedar, that is, a hid order and disposition: for Alum is as much to say as, he hath hid. Of Sobal. SObal was a country upon the borders of Syria, where Sophena was situated, near to the river Euphrates; which country Saul and David Kings of Israel sometime conquered: it stood 600 miles from jerusalem towards the North, and signifies, an ear of corn. Of Apamea. THis was a famous city in Tetrapolis of Syria, two hundred and eighty miles from jerusalem towards she North, built of Seleucus Nicanor King of Syria, and was so called of Apamea his wife. Of the city Bethulia. BEthulia was situated within 4 miles of Dothan, and two of the Galilean sea, 44 miles from jerusalem Northward. About four miles from this town, in a mountain a little beside Dothan, lay the tents of Holofernes in the sight of Bethulia, judeth c. 7. between which & Bethulia lay the plain of Esdrelon, in the midst whereof there ran a pleasant river, which in times past watered it. Here judeth (according to the custom of the jews) washed herself. The place where Bethulia stood is to be seen at this day, the ruins of the town and many houses still remaining. It was situated upon a goodly high mountain, strongly fortified by Nature, and as it seemeth by art also. A man might have seen it through the greatest part of Galilee, but above the rest, a certain castle in the end of the mountain, made for the defence of the city. They show at this day, in the mountain and field near Dothan, the place where Holofernes camp stood, and the relics of their tents; also the brook where judeth washed herself. Bethulia signifieth, The handmaid of God; being derived of Bethulah, a virgin; and jah, God. Holofernes, a profane Captain, of which sort are those tyrants that persecute the Church of God. The Book of TOBIAS. The Travels of Tobias the elder. TObias the elder was carried captive out of the tribe of Nepthaly, where he was born, to Ninive the Metropolitan city of Assiria, being 600 miles: at such time as Salmanasser King of the Assyrians carried away the ten tribes of Israel into Assyria Captive; in the year before Christ 742. 2 Kings, ca 17. Tob. 1. From that time he continued in Ninive, being then about 27 years old, and numbered amongst the young men that went into exile; for he was born about such time as Romulus and Remus were born, which was An. mun. 3200. and before Christ 798, Tob. 1. About the 30 year of his age he went from Niniveh into Media, which was 752 miles, and there came to a city called Rages in that country, to visit the banished Israelites: at which time he lent by Gabel by bond, 10 talents of silver, which amounts in our money, at v. s. vi. d. the ounce, to 2062 li. and 10 s. or thereabouts. From Rages he returned back again to Niniveh, 752 miles. So all his travels were 2104 miles. The Travels of the Angel Raphel, and young Tobias. IN the year before Christ 708, the Archangel Raphel went from Niniveh to Rages in Media, with Tobias the younger, being 752 miles. From Rages in Media they returned back again to Niniveh, 752 miles. So these journeys were 1504 miles. ¶ The description of the places mentioned in their travels. Of Nepthaly. THis was the chief city of the tribe of Nepthaly, 84 miles from jerusalem toward the North. It stood in Galilee, and in times past was a strong town: here Tobias the elder was born. It is to be seen at this day (as some say) but much decayed; and is now called by the name of Sirin, situated in a mountain so steep and strongly fortified by nature upon the West side, that it is impossible to ascend upon it. In a valley some two miles from this town towards the South, Naason spoken of in the first Chapter of Toby is situated. Upon the left side whereof there stood a town called Sophet: but now there is nothing to be seen but a Castle, where in ancient times the Knights Templars kept their abiding, and at this day is in the custody of the Turks. This castle is situated upon a high mountain, fortified very strongly both by art and nature, and standeth within a mile of Nepthaly Southwestward. At such time as josephus that great Historiographer (who was the son of Matthia of Marathia, a Priest of the jews) was chosen chief Commander of the tribe of Nepthaly, he gathered an army of 100000, and fortified this castle & Nepthaly, and many other towns thereabouts, continuing a long and sharp war against the Romans, until Nepthaly was taken, and he constrained to yield himself captive. In the taking in of which town Titus the son of Vespasian did first ascend the walls, & there made manifest his noble resolution and valour. Vid. Ios. de bell. jud. lib. 3 & 4. Of Rages a city of the Medes. RAges is so called of a great Congregation, being derived of Ragasch, that is, He hath assembled a great company; for it was a very populous city. It was also called (as Strab. li. 11. Cosmograp. saith) Rahga: but after being rebuilt and fortified by Nicanor, it was by him called Europus, being distant from jerusalem 1396 miles toward the North-east. The Persians call it Arsacia. S. jerom, de Trad. Hebr. would have Edissa, a city of Mesopotamia (or rather as Pliny saith, of Coelosyria) to be Rages, which stands but 448 miles from jerusalem Northward, and from Ninive 188 miles Westward. There are diverse others that have wrote of this town of Edissa: but that this and Rages should be both one I cannot see how to agree with Toby; for that he himself hath set it down to stand in Media, and the Cities of the Medes lie distant from jerusalem 1396 miles. Therefore gentle Reader I refer it to thy better consideration. Of jesus the son of Syrach. SYrach signifies an Illustrious Prince, being derived of Sarach, he hath shined forth: he was of that noble family of David, that is, the son of Syrach the son of jesus, & cousin german to Amos Syrach, who (as Philo saith) was the chief prince and captain of the children of Israel in the time of Ptolomeus Philadelphus' King of Egypt, & is inserted into the genealogy of Christ, Luke 3. He was born 230 years before Christ, in the city jerusalem, from whence about the 38 year of his age he went to Alexandria, a city of Egypt, 288 miles (Evergetes Ptolomais the son of Philadelphus being then King of that country) where he gathered out of that flourishing Library (set up at the charge of Ptolomais Philadelphus) his book of Ecclesiasticus, as bees from diverse flowers gather sweet honey. Of the great city Alexandria. ALexandria was a city of Egypt, distant from jerusalem 288 miles Westward; in ancient time called No, that is, a Hindrance. But Alexander the Great taking affection to this city, in the year 330 before Christ began to build it (for by continuance of time it was much decayed) and within the space of 17 days made it a goodly city, much greater than it was before: to which that he might add the greater grace, he called it after his own name Alexandria; and there he lieth buried, after he had governed the empire of the Grecians 7 years. For although he died in Babylon the chief city of the Chaldaeans, yet Ptolomais (one of his chief Princes) removed his body thence in a golden chariot to Memphis in Egypt, and 20 years after to Alexandria. The situation thereof is very delectable, bordering to the North upon the Mediterranean sea, and to the South upon the pool of Mareridis, as Strabo saith, lib. 17. It was ten miles about, strongly fortified with walls, beautified with goodly buildings, situated in a very fruitful country. And to give a greater delight unto the inhabitants, without the Walls there stood many goodly Orchards and Gardens, plentifully furnished with fruits and flowers of diverse kinds, as Pomecitrons, Figs, etc. During the time of Ptolomais Philadelphus it was a famous and flourishing city; for this Prince being a great lover of learning, instituted an Academy, as it is thought, in it, and added thereto a stately library, wherein were 400000 Books. The same whereof being published through the world, many people of diverse Nations resorted thither to see it. Then Eleazar also the highpriest of the jews, at the request of Ptolemais sent 72 Interpreters to translate the Bible out of Hebrew into Greek; which was (as Eusebius observeth) in the third year of his reign, before Christ 268. In recompense whereof he sent to be dedicated in the Temple of jerusalem a table of gold, richly adorned with Carbuncles, smarages, and other precious stones; two stately cups, and 30 bowls of pure gold, as appeareth in josep. lib. Antiq. 12. The Academy continued there till after Christ's time, as you may read Acts 6. But the Library was consumed 47 years before Christ, and the city greatly defaced. For julius Caesar at that time making war with Pompey the younger, who continued with his sister Cleopatra in this City, caused the King's navy to be set on fire, and the Library standing near it, the flame took hold of it, and burned it down to the ground with all that was in it, and defaced also a great part of the city. josephus' writing of this city, compares it with the fairest cities of those times, being strongly fortified both by sea and land, so that it seemed to be invincible. But at this day it is but a small city, the incursions of foreign enemies having wasted and destroyed the greater part, and left the rest to be a wonder to the world, the heaps and ruins of goodly buildings making evident lamentable destructions. Thus man with his devices perisheth, but the Lord endureth for ever. Upon the Book of MACCHABEES. The Travels of Antiochus Epiphanes. Antiochus' Epiphanes, that is, An illustrious Adversary, in the year of Christ 380, was sent out of Syria by Antiochus the Great, to Rome, which 1600 miles, where he remained as an hostage for his father and his brother Seleucus Philopater seventeen years, 1 Mac. 1. After the death of his father he stole secretly from Rome, and went back again to Antiochia in Syria, which was 1600 miles; and there succeeded his brother Seleucus Philopater in the government. He began to reign 173 years before Christ. In the third year of his reign he went from Antiochia to Tyrus, 60 miles: in that journey he conquered all the lower part of Syria and Phoenicia. From thence he went above six score miles through Galilee and judaea, conquering all the cities and countries that lay in his way; and would also have gone down into Egypt; but when he heard that his nephew Ptolomais Philometor had proclaimed an assembly and parliament, and would not acknowledge him for his Protector, he sent Apolonius one of his princes, upon the day of the meeting into Egypt, and he himself returned back again to joppa, 2 Mac. 4. From joppa he went to jerusalem, which was 20 miles, where jason the high-Priest and all the people received him with great honour. At that time Antiochus placed a Guard in the Castle or tower of jerusalem, which was the beginning of their intolerable servitude. But for that year, which was the fourth of his reign, he returned through Phoenicia to Antiochia in Syria, 280 miles. In the fift year of his reign he went from Antiochia with a great army into Cilicia, being 80 miles. There he appeased the uproars of the inhabitants of Tharsus and Mallotus, and conquered all Cilicia, 2 Mac. 4. From Cilicia he returned back again to Antiochia, eighty miles. In the sixth year of his reign Antiochus went with a great army both by sea and land (wherein were many Elephants) to Pelusio, 400 miles. This city he conquered, and overcame the Alexandrians in a naval battle. 2 Mac. 4. From Pelusio (having built a bridge over Nilus) he went with his army to Memphis, conquered all the countries & strong cities as he went, about 140 miles, and brought thither a mighty and great prey: where according to the saying of the Prophet Daniel, cap. 11. He dealt subtly with Ptolomais Philometor. From Memphis he returned to Alexandria, where the citizens would not suffer him to enter the gates, wherefore he besieged it, but to small purpose, which was 120 miles. From Alexandria he returned to Pelusio, which was 160 miles, there he left a garrison to retain what he had gotten in Egypt, 1 Mac. 4. From Pelusio he returned to Antiochia with a great prey, being 400 miles. In the mean time Ptolomais King of Egypt, & his sister Cleopatra brought in the aid of the Romans, Livy, Decad. lib. 4. 5. In the next year (that is, in the seventh year of Antiochus Epiphanes) there was seen in the air as if there had been men fight; a Comet also appeared. This happened in the year before Christ 167. This year in the spring Antiochus went the second time from Antiochia with his army into Alexandria in Egypt, which was 560 miles. So passing through Coelosyria and judaea, he came into Egypt, which he invaded with open war, endeavouring to get that by force, which he could not get by entreaty. But the Romans sent P. popilius with other Ambassadors into Egypt, who hearing that Antiochus was come to Leusia, which was within a mile of Alexandria, the Romans went thither to him. Where when he had welcomed them, and shown all the courtesy he could to P. popilius, P. popilius delivered him certain tables that he had about him written. And first of all commanded him to read them, which he did. Then he counselled with some of his friends, What was best to be done in the business. While he was thus in a great study, P. popilius with a wand that he had in his hand made a circle about him in the dust, saying, Ere thou stir a foot out of this circle return thy answer, that I may tell the Senate Whe-thou hadst rather have war or peace. This he uttered with such a firm countenance, that it amazed the King. Wherefore, after he had paused a while, quoth he, I will do what the Senate hath written, or shall think fit. So doing little or nothing in Egypt, he returned back again. justine, Lib. 34. Decad. Lib. 4. cap. 5. Ios. lib. 12. cap. 6. These things happened ann. urb. Rom. 585. L. Aemilius Paulus & Caius Licinius Crassus being then Consuls: in which year the Moon was totally eclipsed, Aemilius overcame Perseus' King of Macedon, and reduced Macedonia into a Province, Lib. Dec. 4. lib. 5. From Leusia, Antiochus (fearing lest the jews would forsake his Empire and rebel) went to jerusalem, which was 288 miles; but the inhabitants of the town shut him out of the city, wherefore he besieged it, and by the treason of Menelaus chief Priest, (who for that purpose conspired with the guard that was in the castle) quickly got it and entered the gates. In every place where he came he put the citizens to the sword, and for three day's space did little else but cruelly massacre the people. He went also with Menelaus into the Temple, where he polluted the sacred things of the Temple, and took thence the vessels of silver & gold, or whatsoever he found precious or worthy: so that the prey he took amounted to 1800 talents, which make almost 11 ton of pure gold; all which were partly gifts dedicated to the Temple, and partly treasure that was left there as in a safe and sure place, to the use of poor distressed widows and orphans. After that Antiochus had rob the Temple of all the silver and gold that he could find, had banished jason, had placed a strong garrison in the tower of Acropolis, (the captain of which was one Philip a very cruel man) and made Menelaus high-Priest; with all this booty and some number of captives he returned to Antiochia, which was 280 miles. In the year following, that is, before Christ 166, Lu. Aemilius Paulus triumphed for the wars of Macedonia. Not long after, Antiochus misdoubting the fidelity of the jews, sent Apolonius with an army of 22000 to jerusalem, who entered the city upon the Sabbath day, and committed many outrages. Then, Antiochus having spent a great part of the gold and silver which he had got from jerusalem, about the eleventh year of his reign made his expedition from Antiochiato, Persepolis, (it was also called Elymaides) in Persia, which was 196 miles. Here he took the temple of Diana, spoiled all that country round about, and with strong hand gathered together a great mass of gold and silver to maintain war against judas Machabeus. But a multitude of citizens disliking his sacrilege, banded themselves together, and put Antiochus and his soldiers to flight before he could take the city of Persepolis. 1 Mach. 6. 2 Mach. 9 Wherefore being driven from thence, he fled with his army to Egbatana, a city in Media, which was 209 miles. Here having certain intelligence by letters, of the noble exploits of judas Machabeus, and that he purged the temple of such things as were profane, he fell into an extreme grief, and like one distracted railed against the jews, and swore to be revenged of them, 1 Mac. 9 In this extreme anger he went from Egbatana to Babylon with his army, which was 464 miles. But as he went, his Chariot was overthrown, in the fall whereof he was so extremely wounded, that they were constrained to carry him in a bed to Babylon, where he shortly after died miserably. So all his travels were 8153 miles. Thus may we see with what difficulties and dangers this wicked prince obtained his victories, and past away his life, sometime in travail, his journey's long and troublesome, sometimes in prosperity, sometimes in adversity, again sometimes afflicted with troublesome cogitations, sometimes with extreme anger, seldom in peace, and then also his actions savouring of violence and filthiness From whence it appeareth, That the wicked with more sorrows, troubles, and vexations gain eternal damnation; than the Just, though they suffer many grievous afflictions, obtain everlasting salvation. For amongst all the Patriarches, good Kings, and Prophets, there is not found any that had so many long and tedious journeys as this Antiochus, who continually oppressed his mind and conscience with unprofitable vanities and wicked thoughts, and at length had a miserable and terrible end. ¶ Of the Cities and places mentioned in his Travels. Of Antiochia. ANtiochia, where Antiochus Epiphanes kept his court, was anciently called Chaemath, or Riblah. It was situated in Syria, 180 miles from jerusalem towards the North, near to the Cities Seleucia, Laodicea, and Apamea, which four Cities (as Strabo saith in the sixteenth Book of his Geography) was built by Seleucus Nicanor first King of Syria. This man was a mighty Prince; and obtained the name of Nicanor (which signifieth Victory) because he prospered in his wars, and conquered his adversaries. For when (within 13 years after the death of Alexander the Great) he had got the kingdom of Syria, he became so great in the 31 year of his reign, that he obtained the empire of all the East; and beside (as Strabo saith) re-edified and built up these four cities, calling one of them Antiochia, after the name of his father, another Laodicea after the name of his mother, a third after his own name Seleucia, and the last Apamea, after the name of his wife. These four cities, because they were all built by one man and at one time, were called Sisters. But Antiochia was much fairer than the other, and in those times was a greater city than any other called after that name, yea it was equal to Alexandria in Egypt, for glory and excellency of building. It was divided into four parts, and those parts separated with four walls: The first, which was anciently called Hemath (A violent anger) of Chamathai the son of Canaan; was after Riblath, from the multitude of the inhabitants; and the third time by Seleucus, after his father's name, called Antiochia. In this part Seleucus to dignify the City, kept his court, it being compassed about with goodly walls. In the second part the citizens of Syria inhabited. In the third, Seleucus Callimichus (afterward King of the Syrians) kept his court, and greatly beautified it. But in the fourth (where afterward many Christians inhabited) Antigonus Epiphanes continued, and did greatly adorn it and set it forth with goodly buildings and sumptuous houses. Close by the City there stood a pleasant wood watered with many clear fountains and delightful springs, to which there resorted a great multitude of Fowls of diverse sorts, which sung very pleasantly among the trees, to the great content and delectation of the citizens. In the midst of this wood stood the temple of Apollo and Diana, goodly things, and very curiously built. It was called the wood of Daphne, because it was full of Laurel trees. From this wood all the country thereabout is called Epidaphne. Not far off standeth the river Orontes, which beginneth in Coelosyria, and passeth under the earth till it comes near to Apamea, where it riseth and watreth all Antiochia. So passing thence it runneth some 16 miles, and so falls into the Mediterranean sea. Hear Paul preached and kept a Synod, Euseb. lib. 7. cap. 24. 25. There was another Synod kept here by the Arrians, Trip. lib. 4. 9 Stephanus reckons up many other cities of this name, as Antiochia Lisidia, in Galatia, where Paul preached, Act. 3. and is distant from this 384 miles: Antiochia in Mesopotamia, which is also called Mygdonia, and Nisibis; in which Apollophanes the Stoic, and Pharnuchus that wrote the Persian history are said to be born. Antiochia between Syria and Arabia, built by Semiramis. Antiochia in Cilicia, situated near to the river Pyramus. Antiochia in Pieria, also called by the Syrians, Arados. There is also a city called Antiochia near mount Taurus in the country of Comagena. Antiochia situated upon the lake of Callichan. Antiochia in Scythia. There was another in Caria, called also Pithapolis. Antiochia Marigiana, built by Antiochus Soter. And many Authors call Tharsus in Cilicia by the name of Antiochia. Antiochia signifies an Adversary. Of Rome. Room stands 1528 miles from jerusalem Westward. Of this city you may read more in the travels of the Apostle Paul. Tyrus, joppa, Memphis, Pelusio, Mallo, and Alexandria are before described. Of Tharsus. TArsus or Tharsus signifieth aa Hyacinth stone, so called (as some think) of Tharsis the son of javan, the son of japhet, the son of Noah, Gen. 10. It was distant from jerusalem 304 miles Northward. Of Persepolis. PErsepolis was the metropolitan city of Persia, distant from jerusalem 1240 miles Eastward. So called of Perseus that mighty King of the Persians, who re-edified it and gave it that name; which is as much to say as the city of the Persians, which also of him were so called. The Astronomers, because he was greatly affected to such as were skilful in that art, attributed his name and his wife's name to two constellations in the heavens, of which Ovid's fable is contrived of Pegasus and Andromache. This city of Persepolis was so fair, that it exceeded all the cities of the East, both for stateliness and beauty, and so continued from Perseus' time, until Alexander the Great had conquered Darius: at which time this great Emperor having got into his hand the whole empire of the Persians, came to Persepolis in the year before Christ 329, and there celebrated a great feast in triumph of his victories; to which there resorted a great many women, not such as were of the better sort, but them that followed the camp, and lived dissolutely: amongst whom was that notable courtesan Thais; who perceiving the King inclined to mirth, and full with wine, began to flatter him in his cups, & among other things to commend and dignify his noble exploits; withal giving him to understand, how acceptable it would be to the Grecians, to see that royal palace of the Persians fired, which had so often afflicted Grecia. No sooner had she uttered these words, but another seconded her, and then a third. After, the whole assembly cried out, Shall we revenge the injury of Grecians, and burn the city? with that they all rose in great fury, the king himself (being crowned) beginning first to fire the palace, wherein was great abundance of Cedar, from whence it happened that suddenly the fire spread itself a great way; which when the army that lay without the walls perceived, with all speed came to the city to stay the burning of it, for which purpose many brought water with them. But when they beheld the King himself busy in this tragedy, laying aside their water, they also, in hope of booty, and to imitate the steps of their Prince, fell to firing the city, and according to the custom of soldiers in such massacres, made a prey of what they could get; increasing the fire with dry stuff and other combustible matter, whereby it came to pass that the whole city was therewith fired, and burnt to the ground. This was the end of that mighty city which ruled over so many nations, where so many mighty Princes governed, that was the scourge of Grecia and the greatest part of the world, that sent forth a Navy of 10000 ships and an army of an infinite number; there being at this day nothing to be seen, unless the river Araxes that ran close by it remaineth. Thus was that consumed in a fury, which the King and all his army before endeavoured to spare. But after it turned to the great shame of the Macedonians, that their King should fire so famous a city in the midst of his cups: and Alexander himself after he had slept repent what he had done. You shall find in 2 Mac. cap. 6. That Antiochus Epiphanes besieged a certain City in Persia called Persepolis, from whence for his exceeding covetousness and sacrilege he was forced by the inhabitants dwelling about the town to raise his siege & be gone. Therefore some may gather, that this Persepolis before mentioned was rebuilded, because it also stood in Persia: but if you read 1 Mac. cap. 6. you shall find that this city so besieged by Antiochus was also called Elymais, wherein stood the temple of Diana, beautified with goodly ornaments, shining with the splendour of fine gold wherewith it was gilded. In which temple, as faith josephus lib. Ant. 12. Alexander the Great left his armour and other things. From whence may be gathered, that this town was not the Persepolis which he caused to be burnt, but rather some other town built out of the ruins of that city (according to the opinion of Quintus Curtius) or else some village standing near to it, which being built up and enlarged, might of some be called new Persepolis, though indeed it was anciently called Elymais, and all the East part of Persia beyond Susa, of that town called Elematica, having some affinity with Elam the ancient name of Persia, so called of Elam the son of Sem, Gen. 10. Wherefore it may well be concluded, that that Persepolis burned down by Alexander, was never restored, but lieth waste to this day. Thus the empire of the Persians (afrer they had ruled over the nations of the earth 260 years) was conquered by the Grecians, who held it 129 years. At the end of which time, Demetrius Nicanor the last Emperor of the Grecrans in Syria and Asia, going with a great army out of Syria toward the East, Arsaces' King of the Medes and Parthians, being aided by the citizens of Elymais the Persians, and Bactrians, meeting him in those parts, gave him many sharp and cruel battles, and in the end (under pretence of peace) took him prisoner, in the year before Christ 137, and from that time the Parthians governed Persia and Grecia, and opposed the Romans in many cruel battles. Afterward, in the year of our Lord 226, Artaxerxes that mighty Lord of Persia overcame Artabanus King of the Parthians in a mighty battle, and took his crown from his head; the same year entering upon the government of Persia, 548 years after the death of Alexander the Great: from which time Artaxerxes and his posterity reigned in Persia for the space of 314 years; in the which space there succeeded 28 Kings, viz. Artaxerxes 1. Sapores Ormisdates Vararanes, Vararanes 2. Vararanes. 3. Narses, Misdates, Sapores 2. Artaxerxes 2. Sapores 3. Vararanes 4. Cermazat, surnamed Isdigertes, Vararanes 5. Vararanes 6. Perozes, Valens, Cavades Zambades, Cavades 2. Cosroës, Hormisda, Cosroës' 2. Siroes, Adhasirs, Sarbaras, Bornarim, Hormisda 2. who was the last King of the Persians; for being overcome by Humarus, Amiras of the Saracens, and third Emperor of the Mahometans, he was thrown out of his kingdom Anno Dom. 640. After which time it continued long in the government of the Saracens and Turks. Where that holy Priest Mattathias the father of judas Machabeus dwelled. MAttathias and Dorotheus have both one signification, that is, The gift of God; being derived of Matath, a gift, and jah, God. This Mattathias was a holy Priest of the tribe of Levi, the son of john, the son of Simon, of whom all that family was called the posterity of Simon, of the stock of joarib, of whom you may read, 1 Chr. 15. He dwelled in a town called Modin, 14 miles from jerusalem toward the Northwest, situated in a mountain close by the way as you go to joppa, in the tribe of Dan. Modin signifieth a measure, being derived of Madad, he hath measured. In this place seeing the cruelty of Antiochus Epiphanes, and the insolency of his soldiers, he killed one of his captains, and afterward in the synagogue put to death an idolatrous jew, overthrew the Altar set up by Antiochus: after, called forth all the inhabitants of Modin and other towns near adjoining, to withstand the fury of this King. So they brought their goods out of the city, into the wilderness, where they encamped themselves, and after so manfully opposed Antiochus, that he delivered all the cities & towns thereabouts out of his bondage, and from idolatry. But being now grown old, (after he had admonished his sons to constancy in the service of God, and courage in defence of the country) he died in the year before Christ 164, and was buried at Modin, where afterward his sons were buried. Simon his third son, highpriest of jerusalem, did marvellously beautify this sepulchre; for he made a vault of white marble, compassed about with fair pillars which supported an admirable curious arch, to see to as if it had been one stone. Over this vault in convenient places he built seven pyramids, in memory of his father, mother, his four brethren, and himself. In the circumference of this monument he set up fair marble pillars, upon which he caused to be engraven ships, so artificially, that they which sailed upon the sea might see them; and upon these he placed the arms of his father and of his brethren. You may read more of this, 1 Mach. 13. joseph. Antiq. lib. 12. cap. 9 The Travels of judas Machabeus. IVdas Machabeus succeeded his father Mattathias in the year before Christ 164, Ann. mundi 3804. and ruled six years. Immediately after his father's death, who as is said was buried in Modin he led his army against Apollonius chief captain of Antiochus, who at that time was in Samaria, which was 30 miles: here he overcame Apollonius and killed him with his own sword, 2 Mac. 2.3. When Seron (who was also one of Antiochus chief captains in Syria the lower) heard that judas Machabeus had overcome Apolonius and put him to death, he was very angry and said, I will go and conquer judas Machabeus and those that are with him, that so I may get myself a name and be famous through the whole Kingdom: so he came out of Syria, and pitched his tents near Bethoron the lower in the tribe of juda, 32 miles from Samaria. But judas went down to him to Bethoron, where he broke into his camp, overcame his whole army, and put him to the sword with 8000 of his men, but the rest fled into the land of the Philistines, 1 Mach. 3. These two victories he obtained in the first year of his government, by which he made the name of the Maccabees famous through that Kingdom. This battle was fought 8 miles from jerusalem. Antiochus Epiphanes having certain intelligence of that which had happened, in the next year made an expedition into Persia, that he might gather money in those East parts to make an offensive War against the jews; and gave authority to Lysias (whom he made Governor in his absence) to suppress this faction sprung up amongst them. Wherefore Lysias sent 40000 foot and 7000 horse into jury; and appointed Ptolomais, Nicanor, and Gorgias to be Generals of the whole Army. Who so soon as they had entered judaea after hostile manner, they pitched their Tents near to a town called Emaus, joseph. Lib. Antiq. 13. c. 10. This town standeth six miles and somewhat more from jerusalem; but judas Macchabeus assembled his army in Mizpah, situated in the Tribe of Benjamin not fare from jerusalem, six miles from Bethoron, 1 Mac. 3. After judas Macchabeus had implored God's assistance in his wars, and performed many religious ceremonies, he went with his army to Emaus, which was four miles: where coming upon the enemy in the night and unexpected, he overcame Nicanor, put him to flight, and killed three thousand of his men. This victory happened in the third year of judas Macchabeus his government, 1 Mac. 4. From Emaus he pursued the enemy to Gexeron Azotus, Asserimoth, and jamniah, upon the borders of Idumaea, which was eight miles. After he returning back from pursuing the enemy with his army to Emaus, which was eight miles, that he might oppose the army of Gorgias; but Gorgias understanding of the overthrow of Nicanor, and burning of his tents, fled. judas Macchabeus obtained his fourth victory in the third year of his government, which was 62 years before Christ, and in the 148 year of the government of the Grecians in Syria, six miles from Emaus, near to the Castle or fortress of Bethsura, which signifies, the house of the Rock, being a very strong place, situated in the top of a high rock, some half a mile from jerusalem, in the way which leadeth to Bethlehem. near to this castle judas Macchabeus overcame Lysias, Antiochus his chief general of Syria, who had 20000 foot, and 5000 horse in his army, carrying away a great victory, and put to the sword 5000 of his men. Lysias being thus overcome, mediated a peace with the jews, which was concluded upon the fourth day of the monerh Diosceris which answereth unto the seventh day of our month of june, 2 Macch. 10. From Bethsura judas Macchabeus brought back his army to jerusalem, which was almost a mile; where he caused the Temple of the Lord to be cleansed of the abomination of the Gentiles, & broke down the stature of jupiter Olympus, which had continued there for the space of three years: and on the fifth day of the month Caslew, which is our December, celebrated a solemn Passeover, and built up a new Altar, and dedicated it unto the Lord. In the year after, being the fourth year of his government, he repaired the town of Zion, & fortified Bethsura against the Idumeans, which nation all this year made war upon the jews: But after, judas gathered an army and went 40 miles into Idumaea, and invaded those that were in Arabathnes, and in the land of the sons of Bean (which people troubled the Israelites with continual robberies) and put them to flight, so that they were constrained to take their castle; where he fired them and it together, 1 Macch. 5.2 Macch. 10. From Idumaea, he returned back again with his army to jerusalem, which was 40 miles. Afterward he led his army against the Amonites, which lay 60 miles from jerusalem towards the North-east, 1 Macch. 5. From thence he went to jaeser in the Tribe of Gad, which was 24 miles; which he took and all the castles thereabouts. This town Moses in times past conquered, as you may read before 1 Macch. 15. From jaeser he returned to jerusalem which was 40 miles. From thence he went to joppa, which was 20 miles; and there he burned their haven (for joppa was a haven town) and those which scaped the fire he killed with the sword, 2 Mac. 12. From joppa he went to jamnia, which was accounted 4 miles, where in the night he fired their haven, burnt their ships, & spoiled their town, insomuch as the inhabitants of jerusalem which were 16 miles off might easily see the fire, 2 Macch. 12. From jamnia, judas went with his army against Timotheus chief captain of Antiochus Eupator, who continued at the city Caspin, which was something more than a mile, where he overcame him and 5000 Arabians, which were strengthened with 500 horse, and took the city, 1 Macch. 12. Afterward judas Macchab. with his brother jonathan, led an army to Characa unto the jews that were called Tubieni, which was 96 miles, against Timotheus governor of the Ammonites but he was gone thence and had done nothing, but left a garrison in a strong hold. Wherefore Dositheus and Sosipater (which we●● captains with Macch.) went forth and slew those that Timothe● had left in the fortress more than 10000 men: Timotheus himself also fell into their hands, but by reason of his fair speeches they suffered him to departed with life, 2 Mac. 12.1 Mac. 5. From thence he went to Bozor a fair, city which was situated beyond jordan near to Bethabara, in the Tribe of Reuben, it was also called Bazra, which was 24 miles: this town he took and burned with fire, Isa. 64. 1 Mac. 5. From Bozor he went to Mizpa, where jeptha sometime sacrificed his daughter, which was 32 miles. In that journey judas Macchabeus rescued the castle of Datheman, drove thence Timotheus, and put to the sword 8000 of his army. After, he went thence to Mizpa, won the town, burned it with fire, and put to the sword all the male children, because the inhabitants had vexed the children of Israel with continual robbery. After that, he won many other towns and cities thereabouts, 1 Mac. 5. From Mizpa judas passed the river, and went to Astaroth-Carnaim, which in the second of Macchabees is called Carnion, which was eight miles: here he destroyed the temple of Venus, which the inhabitants call Astaroth, and put 25000 of the inhabitants to the sword. He went also to Atargation, a town not far off, and took it, and delivered all the Israelites from the greatest to the least, which were in captivity amongst the Giliadites, 1 Macch. 5. 2 Macch. 22. From Astaroth-Carnaim, he went to Ephron, which was 16 miles: this city judas Macchabeus destroyed, because the inhabitants thereof denied him passage, and went through it over the dead bodies, 2 Macch. 5. Here Gideon judge of Israel sometime dwelled; it took the name from the rising up of the dust, being derived of Aphar, that is, he hath made a dust. From Ephron judas passed over jordan into the great field of Galilee, and so went to Scythopolis, which in ancient time was called Bethsan, which was four miles. From Bethsan or Scythopolis, he returned to jerusalem, which was 44 miles, a little before Penticost, in the fourth year of his government, in the year 161 before Christ, 1 Macch. 5. 2 Maccab. 12. After the feast of Penticost he went from jerusalem to Maresa, which was 16 miles; here he overcame Gorgias governor of Idumaea, in a great buttell, 2 Mac. 12. From Maresa he went with his army to Odullam, which was 6 miles. Here sometime David hide himself. From Odullam he returned to jerusalem, which was 8 miles; 2 Mac. 12. From jerusalem he brought his army to Hebron the Metropolitan city of the Idumaeans, which was 22 miles: this Town he won, and all the towns and castles near adjoining, 1 Macchab. 5. From thence he went to Samaria, which was fifty six miles, 1 Mac. 5. From Samaria he led his army against Azotus, which was 44 miles. This was a city of the Philistines, which he destroyed, broke their Altars, and burned their idols in the fire, 1 Mac. 5. After that, he conquered two castles in Idumaea, 1 Mac. 10. After that, he returned to jerusalem, which was accounted 22 miles, 1 Mac. 5. From jerusalem he went to meet Timotheus, chief captain of the Syrians, who came with a great army to invade judaea. But when the battle waxed hot there appeared to the enemies from heaven, five comely men upon horses with bridles of gold, two of which led the jews, and took Macchabeus between them, and covered him on every side with their weapons, that none could hurt him; but against their enemies they shot Darts and lightnings, so that they were confounded with blindness, and beaten down: whereby the jews obtained a great victory, and put to the sword 20500 foot, and 600 horse; the rest seeing this great slaughter, fled. So judas praised the Lord, and pursued the enemies to Gazara, which was 16 miles. Hear Timotheus hide himself in a cave; but the jews took the city, found him out, and put him to death, together with his brother Chaerea and Pollophanes, 2 Mac. 10. From Gazara judas Macchabeus returned to jerusalem, which was 16 miles. In the year following, which was the fift of his taigne, and 160 before Christ, judas Maccab. besieged the tower of Zion in jerusalem, because those that were in the garrison had put to the sword some of the jews that were sacrificing in the Temple. But Antiochus Eupator, the son of Antiochus Epiphanes, hearing of it; at the instigation of Menelaus chief Priest of the jews, brought a great army to their rescue, wherefore judas Macchabeus hearing of his coming, left the siege, and went from jerusalem to Modin to meet him, which was 14 miles: Here he overcame Antiochus, destroyed his Elephants, and put 4000 of his soldiers to the sword, 2 Macc. 13. When King Antiochus had felt a taste of the boldness of the jews, he went with his army through byways, and secret passages to the castle of Bethsura, which he besieged, whither judas followed him, which was 12 miles; encamping himself a mile from Bethsura, in a strait place called Bethzachara. Here Antiochus betimes in the morning (thinking to take the army of the jews at an advantage) set upon them: But the jews and their leaders behaved themselves so manfully, that they put Antiochus the second time to flight, and killed 600 of his men. In this battle Eliazer the brother of judas Macchabeus was slain by an Elephant, Ios. lib. Antiq. 12. lib. 16.1. Macc. 6. From Bethzachara he returned back to jerusalem, which was 2 miles. And when the king had taken the town of Bethsura (for they were constrained to yield by reason of famine) he followed judas, with whom he joined the third time in battle; but judas overcame him, and put to the sword many of his army. Wherefore having certain intelligence that Philip (whom he had made overseer of the affairs at Antiochia) rebelled, he made a peace with judas Macchabeus, was appeased towards the jews, did sacrifice, adorned the Temple, and shown great gentleness towards the people. So Antiochus departed out of judaea, and took Menelaus that seditious high Priest along with him captive, 1 Macc. 6. 2 Mac. 13. After in the 6 year of his government, judas went with his army through all the borders of judaea, and executed justice upon all such as were offenders and contemners of the true religion. After, when judas had certain intelligence that Nicanor (whom Demetrius King of Syria had sent against jerusalem) went about by fraudulent courses, and under pretence of friendship, to take away his life, 2 Macc. 14. he went privily from jerusalem and came to Caphar-Salama, situated 12 miles from jerusalem towards the North. Here Nicanor and he joined battle; but judas discomfited his army, and put to the sword about five thousand of his men, himself not escaping without great danger, 1 Mac. 7. From Caphar-Salama judas came to Samaria, which was 28 miles: here he rested himself, and refreshed his army a while, 2 Mac. 15. In the year before Christ 128, he went from Samaria to Adarsa, which was 28 miles; and there (upon the 13 day of Adar, which answereth to the 13 day of February) near to Bethoron the lower, he gave Nicanor a great overthrow, and put him with 35000 of his host to the sword, 1 Mac. 7. 2 Mac. 15. From Adara and Bethoron the lower, he followed the enemies to Gaza, a City of the Philistines, which was 44 miles, 1 Mac. 9 From Gaza he returned to jerusalem, which was 44 miles: there he caused the arm of Nicanor (whom a little before he had slain at the battle of Adarsa) to be cut off, & his tongue to be cut out of his head, shred small, and given to the fowls of the heaven, and his head to be cut from his shoulders; because therewith he had blasphemed the Lord, and the temple, swearing desolation and destruction to it and the jews, 1 Mac. 7. 2 Mac. 15. A little after, that is to say, almost at the end of the 6 year of his government, judas Macchabeus went out with 3000 chosen men in his army, and pitched his tents near Laisa, 12 miles from jerusalem towards the West: But when the jews perceived the mighty army of Bacchides (for he had 20000 foot, and 2000 horse in his host) there were many of them discouraged, so that all left him but 800 men: Yet nevertheless judas constrained by necessity withstood Bacchides, and so manfully behaved himself in the battle, that he overcame him, and put him to flight, 1 Mac. 2. His enemies being thus put to flight, he pursued them to the mountains of Azotus and Gazeron, which was 6 miles; where being oppressed with the multitude, and hemmed in amongst them, was slain. He died in the month Nisan, which answers to our April, Anno mundi 3810, and before Christ, 158, 1 Mac. 9 From the Mountains of Azotus and Gazeron his dead body was carried hack again to Modin, which was 6 miles, and there buried. So his Travels were 915 miles. Of the towns and places to which he traveled. Of Mispa, jamnia, and Laisa you may read before. Of Caspin. THis city stood not far from jamnia, 16 miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest. This town though it was strongly fortified, yet judas Macchabeus won it, 2 Mac. 12. It is called Caspin, of Keseph, which signifies, silver. There was another city called Casphor, that is, The silver mountain, this stood in the land of Giliad near Mispa, which judas also won, 1 Mac. 4. Of Asseremoth, otherwise called Gazaron. GAzaron or Gazera was a city of the Philistines near Ecron, 16 miles from jerusalem towards the West. It is so called from the cliff of a rock; being derived of Gezer, which signifies a Cliff. Here judas Macchabeus was slain, 1 Mac. 6. Of the Tubiani. TVbiani are a people that dwelled beyond jordan, in that part of Arabia Petraea which is called Nabathea, of Nabaioth the son of Ishmael, near to a Mountain of the Gileadites, not fare distant from Abel of the Vines, where it is thought Balaams' Ass spoke. This land is called Thubin, and the inhabitants Tubiani; because all that Country bringeth forth very pleasant and excellent Wine: being derived of Zob, which signifieth, good, and jaijn, wine. In this country judas Macchabeus continued three days with his army. Of Caphar-Salama. THis town stood 12 miles from jerusalem towards the North. In Herod the greats time it was enlarged and made a very fair city, which he caused to be called Antipatridis, after the name of his father Antipater; of which you may read more in the Travels of the Apostle Paul. Of Adarsa. THis was a town in the tribe of Ephraim, between Antipatridis and Bethoron the lower, twelve miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest. It seemeth to be thus called from a noble gift, for it is derived of Adar, which signifies illustrious, and Schal, a gift. The Typical signification of judas Macchabeus. IVdas Macchabeus is a type and figure of our Lord jesus Christ; and Antiochus, of that wicked Antichrist, as the interpretation of their names do evidently declare: for judas signifies a Confessor, praising God and glorifying his name for all his benefits; so Christ the son of God is the praise and glory of his father, for that in him and by him God the father praised, as is evident in the song of Simeon. In like manner our Lord jesus Christ is worthily called Macchabeus, for Macchabeus is a surname of the jews, which is written after this manner, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Machabai, every letter of which signifieth a several word, according to the Song of Moses in the fifteenth chapter of Exodus, where are these words, Michamocha baelim jehovah, that is, Who is like unto thee amongst the gods, O Lord? Thus did the children of Israel sing with Moses, when God led them out of the land of Egypt through the Red Sea: and this sentence judas Macchabeus continually used as an Adage; and the letters at the beginning of these words being joined together into one word, make the surname Macchabai. Therefore as he had always this golden sentence in his mouth, so had he it likewise in his name, yea, in his ensigns. Wherefore this name likewise is worthy to be attributed to Christ; for he is that perfect image and glory of his eternal father, Heb. 1. who is called Michael, that is, Who is like unto God? and Macchabeus, or Machabai, that is, Who is like unto thee amongst the gods, o Lord. Therefore he saith thus, I am that great God that will deliver you from all evil: Ecce, Deus fortis foelix, de morte resurgo: Tartareosque unguens, Daemona ipse ligo. Behold, I am the God of might, from death to life that rose: I bind the Devil to my will, his furies I oppose. But Antiochus signifies an adversary, or an opposer, or one that fighteth against God. The same also doth Satan signify in Hebrew. He is therefore a fit type of that great opposer of God and Man, (Antichrist) who fighteth against Christ, that judas Macchabeus, and true Captain of the Church. For as the one (viz. Antochus) was an adversary against the jews the children of God; so the other, (that is, Antichrist) is an adversary and enemy against Christ and his Church, etc. The Travels of jonathan, the brother of judas Macchabeus. IOnathan or jonathas, and Theodorus, hath but one signification, that is, The gift of God. This man the same year that judas his brother died, succeeded him in the principality, and governed the jews 18 years, 1 Mac. 9 Ios. lib. antiq. 3. But understand that Bacchides chief captain of Demetrius King of Syria, went about to take his life by craft, he and his brother Simon went from Modin, and pitched their tents in the wilderness of Tecoah, near to the lake of Asphar, which was 20 miles. From thence they sent their brother john with certain riches to the Nabathians, which dwelled in Medaba in Arabia (28 miles) desiring them in friendship to receive their goods into the town, and to keep them for their use: but the sons of jambri and the Nabathians issued out of Medaba, and unawares fell upon john, put him to death, took away all his wealth, and returned into their city with great joy. But jonathan and Simon took this injury very heavily, and much bewailed the death of their brother: wherefore that they might be revenged of the inhabitants of Medaba, they went thence twenty eight miles, and hid themselves among the mountains just in the way that led ftom Medaba to Canaan; for they had heard that the sons of jambri and the inhabitants of Medaba were gone forth with great jollity to fetch home a Bride, which was a Prince's daughter of the land of Canaan. Now as they were merry upon the way, jonathan and Simon his brother, with their army, went out from among the Mountains, and put a great number of them to the sword, taking away a mighty spoil. From Medaba they went to the river jordan, which was three miles, where upon the East side of the river they pitched their Tents; here he was constrained to fight a cruel battle with Bacchides upon the Sabbath day; but as he was in the fight he met Bacchides, and lift up his hand to strike at him; but he seeing the danger, retired. Nevertheless he put to the sword 1000 of his men, and after, he and his followers leapt into the river and swum over: so they all escaped without danger. In the 56 year of the Grecians government in Syria, which was the fifth year of the principality of jonathan, Bacchides returned again with his army into judaea, and besieged jonathan and Simon in Bethbesan, otherwise called Bethgalam, some three miles distant from jordan. Here jonathan leaving his brother Simon in the city, stole out by a postern, and went to all the villages near adjoining, from whence he gathered an army of chosen men, and set upon Bacchides: Simon also broke out of the city and set upon him, so that they greatly oppressed him and burned his Tents, 1 Macchab. 9 Wherefore when Bacchides understood that jonathan and Simon had fortified that city, and that the jews were ready to defend it, he concluded a peace with jonathan; the captives of either part were redelivered, and the jews lived in peace a good while after, 1 Macchab. 9 From Bethbesan jonathan went to Michmas, which was six miles: here he dwelled for a while and judged the people of Israel, cherishing the good and rooting out the evil from amongst them, 1 Macch. 9 From Michmas he went to jerusalem, which was ten miles. Hither Alexander King of Syria, and son of Antiochus Epiphanes, sent him a purple robe and a golden crown, and ordained him high Priest of the jews. Wherefore jonathan on the day of the feast of the Tabernacles, which was in the year before Christ 150, took upon him the office to be high Priest, 1 Macchab. 10. The next year after, which was the tenth of jonathans' rule (after the death of Demetrius king of Syria, who was slain in the wars against Alexander) there appeared a Comet of an extraordinary greatness, which was of such an exceeding brightness, that it took away the darkness of the night; and the writers of those times affirm it to equal the Sun in greatness. After this Prodigi, the Romans began the third Punic war against the Carthaginians, vide Camerar. lib. 2. the ostent. jonathan in the eleventh year of his reign went from jerusalem to Ptolemais, which was 76 miles, to the marriage of Alexander King of Syria, and Cleopatra the daughter of Ptolomeus Philometor King of Egypt, where he was entertained very honourably, 1 Mac. 10. From thence he returned to jerusalem, which was 76 miles, 1 Mac. 10. From jerusalem he went to joppa and won the town, which was 20 miles. From joppa he went to Asdod, which was 12 miles; there he burned the Temple of Dagon, and all that were in it. From thence he went with his army to Ascalon, which was 12 miles; this town willingly yielded unto him. From Ascalon he returned to jerusalem, which was 38 miles, 1 Mac. 10. In the 15 year of his government he went to joppa, which was 20 miles, to meet Ptolomeus Philometer King of Egypt, and stayed there all that night, 1 Mac. 11. The next day he went with the King of Egypt to the river of Eleutherius, which was 200 miles. From thence he returned back again to jerusalem, which was 200 miles. Hear he besieged the tower of Acropolis, because there were many wicked men got into it. In the sixteenth year of his government he went from jerusalem to Ptolomais, to Demetrius Nicanor King of Syria, which was 76 miles. From Ptolomais he returned back to jerusalem, which was 76 miles. From jerusalem (in the seventeenth year of his government) he went beyond the river Euphrates, which was accounted 400 miles; and there gathered an army in aid of Antiochus the younger, the son of Alexander, and went against Demetrius Nicanor King of Syria. From thence he returned to jerusalem, which was 400 miles. From jerusalem he went with his army to Ascalon, which was 30 miles. From thence he came to Gaza, which was 18 miles: this town he besieged, and after a sharp battle won it. From Gaza he went to Damascus in Syria, which was about 200 miles. From thence he returned to the lake of Genesereth, which was 104 miles. Here he opposed the Army of Demetrius Nicanor King of Syria. From thence (before day) he removed his camp to Chazor, which was 32 miles; where, when part of his army was put to flight by a stratagem, he tore his garments, put dust upon his head and prayed earnestly unto the Lord for aid and assistance: so having recovered his strength and former courage, he returned with those few that he had left him to the war, where he put the army of King Demetrius to flight, and slew three thousand of his men with the sword. His enemies being thus dispersed, he pursued them to their Tents near Cades in Galilee, which was 6 miles. From thence he returned to jerusalem with a glorious victory, which was about some 92 miles. Here he made a league with the Romans and Spartans', 1 Mac. 11.12. From jerusalem he went with his army into the country of Hemath, that is, Syria, to the river Eleutherius, which was 200 miles; here he put his enemies to flight, after they had burnt and consumed their Tents. From thence he went to Nabathia in Arabia, which was 120 miles. Here he conquered the Arabians and Zabadians, and spoiled their land. From thence he went through all that country, and wasted it, till he came within eighty miles of Damascus. From thence he returned home to jerusalem, which was 160 miles. In the 18 and last year of his reign he caused the walls of jerusalem to be built, and began to fortify many places in judea, 1 Macch. 12. Also the same year (which was the 160 year of the government of the Grecians in Syria) the second book of Macchabees was written as appeareth, cap. 1. After, from jerusalem he went to Bethsan to meet Tryphon, which was 44 miles: here being deceived by the fair speeches of Tryphon, he discharged his army all but 3000. From thence he took these 3000 with him, and went with Tryphon to Ptolomais, which was 32 miles; into which town he was no sooner entered, but Tryphon caused the citizens to shut the gates, where all his men were slain. From Ptolomais, Tryphon brought jonathan the Highpriest to Addus upon the borders of judaea, which was 68 miles: from whence he sent to Simon, the brothers of jonathan whom he kept captive in a castle near adjoining; promising to release his brother if he would send his two sons to be hostages, and let him have a hundred talents of silver, that is, 60000 crowns. So Simon sent his two sons, together with the money, to Tryphon; but Tryphon took them and the money, and led them captive with jonathon their father, from Addus to Addor a town in Idumaea, which was 48 miles. From thence he carried them to Baschaman in the country of the Giliadites, which was 96 miles, where in the Winter season in the year before Christ, 141, this cruel and perfidious tyrant put jonathan and his sons to death. From Baschamah of the Giliadites Simon removed the bodies of jonathan and his sons to Modin, which was 60 miles, where he buried them, 1 Mac. 13. So all his travels were 3007 miles. The description of the places mentioned in his Travels. Of Michmas and Cades you may read before. Of Medaba. THis city is situated beyond jordan in the Tribe of Reuben, 28 miles from jerusalem towards the East. It seems to take the name from a hot bath that stood near it: for there were many Baths and wholesome Springs stood beyond jordan, as Ios. lib. ant. 17. c. 9 witnesseth. The same things are also mentioned in Esa. cap. 26. For Medaba is derived of Maijm and Doba, which signifies warm or boiling water. Of Bethbesan. THis town was situated in the Tribe of Benjamin near Gilgall, twelve miles from jerusalem towards the North-east. The castle of this town jonathan and Simon fortified and repaired, that it might be a strong place for them to retire to from the danger of Baccides, 1 Mac. 9 Ios. li. ant. 13. c. 1. saith, that this town was called the house of blushing, being derived of Bosch, to blush, and Bethagla, a round house. Of Ptolomais. IN ancient times this town was called Acon, situated upon the shore of the Mediterrean sea, between Tyrus and Mount Carmel in the tribe of Aser, 76 miles from jerusalem towards the North. But the Aserites could not cast out the Canaanites out of that city, Ptolomeus King of Egypt conquered this town and rebuilt it, calling it after his own name, Ptolomais, which signifieth, to make war. In times past it was a goodly city, strongly fortified with towers, bulwarks, ditches, and walls: it was built in a triangular proportion, like to a shield, two parts whereof was compassed in by the sea, and upon the third there stood a fruitful plain, wherein were corn grounds, pastures, meadows, vineyards, and orchards, adorned with diverse kinds of fruits. It had a very fair and spacious haven for the preserving of ships: it was beautified with Arcinals, Castles, Temples, and many other buildings very stately and curious; but at this day it is utterly desolate, and scarce to be perceived where it stood. Of Eleutherius. ELeutherius was a river upon the borders of Phoenicia and Syria, near to the city Orthosia at the foot of Mount Libanus, 200 miles from jerusalem towards the North: of which you may read in the history of jonathan, 1 Macch. 11.12. There is also another river of that name, between Tyrus and Sarepta, upon the borders of Palestina, 108 miles from jerusalem towards the North. Of Genezereth. IT is a sea in Galilee, so called from the land of Genesara which lieth about it; here sometime Capernaum stood: it signifies a Princely garden, being derived of Gen, that is, a garden, and Sar, a Prince: for the country round about it was very pleasant. You may read more of this in the Travels of our Saviour Christ. Of the field Chazor. THis was a plain near to the town Chazor, or Hazor; which is described in the Travels of joshua. It stood in the upper Galilee; 84 miles from jerusalem towards the North. Of Zabadei. ZAbadei, were a people inhabiting Arabia Desarta, near to the river Eleutherius, on the North-east side of Syria and Damascus, 200 miles from jerusalem. Arabia is threefold; the one part thereof is called Deserta, which extendeth itself towards the North, to Syria and Damascus; the other is called Petraea, in which vast wilderness the children of Israel traveled; the third is called Arabia Foelix, which is towards the South, extending itself from the East to the gulf of Persia, and upon the West it is shut in with the gulf of Arabia. But the Zabadei, they inhabited in Arabia Deserta, and were a people of a liberal and free condition: from whence it seemeth they are so called, for Zabab signifieth, To endow, or bestow. Of Addus. ADdus is called by josephus, (lib. antiq. 13. cap. 9) jadah: it was a town near Arimathea in mount Ephraim, 16 miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest: and is so called from a congregation, being derived of jaad, that is, He hath assembled with authority; and Edah, a Congregation, or Synagogue. Of Ador. THis was a city of the Idumaeans, 48 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west. Adorni signifies, a beautiful city, being derived of Adar, that is, famous and illustious; and Or, that is, light. Of Baschamah. BAschamah standeth in the land of Gileah beyond jordan, 52 miles from jerusalem towards the North-east: and is so called from sweet gums, of which there is great plenty in that place. The Travels of the high Priest SIMON, the brother of JUDAS MACCHABEUS. SImon signifies an Auditor, and one that heareth: being derived of Schamah, He hath heard. This man did many worthy acts during the life of judas Macchabeus; for being sent into Galilee (in which country there were many that rebelled) he supressed the insurrection and pursued the enemies into the city of Ptolomais, which was 76 miles. From Ptolomais he brought his army to Arabath, which was 36 miles. In this place, after he had assembled all the religious Israelites thereabout, and their wives and children, he brought them thence to jerusalem, which was 44 miles. After, he went with his brother judas to many places, and behaved himself manfully in all his enterprises, 2 Mac. 8.14. He went also with him to the battle fought between Azotus & Gazeron, where judas was slain, which was 20 miles from jerusalem Westward, 1 Mac. 9 Simon and jonathan brought the dead body of their brother judas to Modin, 6 miles, and there buried him by his father Mattathias, 1 Mac. 9 Afterward Simon and his brother jonathan went from Modin to the lake Asphar in the wilderness of Tecoa, which was twenty miles. From the desert of Tecoa they went to Medaba, which was 28 miles. After, they returned thence to the river of jordan, where upon the East side of the river they pitched their tents, 12 miles. Here they fought with Bacchides. After, they went thence to Bethbesan, 3 miles. From thence they went to jerusalem, 12 miles, Ios. Ant. li. 18. cap. 1. From jerusalem they went to joppa, 20 miles, and won the town, Ios. lib. Ant. 13. ca 6. From joppa they went to Asdod, 12 miles, and in the way they put the enemy to flight. From Asdod they went to Ascalon, which was 12 miles, 1 Mac. cap. 10. From Ascalon they returned to jerusalem, which was 30 miles, 1 Mac. 10. From thence he went to Bethsura, half a mile: this town he won, and placed a garrison in it, 1 Mac. 11. Also in the absence of his brother jonathan, Simon went with his army to Ascalon, which was 30 miles from jerusalem, 1 Mac. cap. 12. From thence he went to joppa, which was twenty miles. This town the second time he took, and placed a Garrison therein, ● Mac. 12. From joppa he returned again to jerusalem, which was twenty miles, Ios. antiq. lib. 13. cap. 8. From jerusalem in the last year of his brother jonathans' government he went to the plain of Sephala, about 14 miles, where he built the Hold of Abida, 1 Mac. 12. From thence he returned to jerusalem, 14 miles: There, after the captivity of his brother jonathan (whom Tryphon by cunning had betrayed, as is before said) he was chosen by the people of the jews into the principality. From thence he went to Addus to meet Tryphon, 16 miles; where he would have ransomed his brother jonathan, 1 Machab. cap. 13. From Addus he went to a city of the Idumaeans called Adorni, or Adaram, 48 miles. From Adorni he returned into judaea with his army, 40 miles, that he might oppose the invasion of Tryphon, and his soldiers, lest they should have destroyed the country and got jerusalem in his absence. Tryphon having put to death his brother jonathan (which was in the year before Christ 140) Simon entered upon the office of high priest the same year, and continued in the government eight years. In the first year of his government he went from jerusalem to Modin, 14 miles. Here he buried the body of his brother jonathan in his father's sepulchre very honourably, and richly beautified it. From Modin he returned to jerusalem, 14 miles; where he executed his priestly function diligently, & repaired the holds and decayed towns of judea, compassing them about with stone walls, and fortifying them with towers and bulwarks. From thence he went to Gaza, 44 miles from jerusalem Southwestward. This town he took. From thence he returned to jerusalem, which was four and forty miles. There he repaired the tower of Acropolis, wherein he dwelled. From jerusalem he went to joppa and won the town, which was 20 miles. From joppa he returned to jerusalem, which was twenty miles where for a time he lived very honourably, and kept a princely port, 1 Mac. 14. Lastly, he went with his two sons judas and Mattathias, and his wife, to visit his father in law Ptolomeus the son of Abodus, to the castle of Doch, which was near to jericho, some ten miles from jerusalem towards the North-east. Here he was slain by his father in law at a banquet, in the year before Christ 132, in the 11 month, which answereth to our February, 1 Mac. 16. So all his travels were 799 miles. ¶ The description of the places mentioned in his Travels. Of Arabath. ARrabath or Araba was a city near to the lake or river Merom, not fare from Dothan, 44 miles from jerusalem toward the North. It seems to take the name from Locusts, whereof there are many kinds, 1 Mac. 5. for there are Locusts that live upon herbs and flours; others that fly in great swarms in the air; and some also that live in the waters, not much unlike Crabs or Crayfish, their tails only excepted. Plin. lib. 9 cap. 12. reckons up another kind of Locusts, whereof john Baptist did feed, and it was lawful for the jews to eat of them: he describes them to have four feet and wings, so that they can either fly or leap upon the earth. They can be resembled to nothing more fitly than to grasshoppers. These the Hebrews call Rabae, Levit. 11. Mat. 3. because of the abundance of them; being derived of the verb Rabah, He hath multiplied or increased; because these kinds of Locusts come in mighty great swarms and multitudes into the East part of the world. Of these kinds of Locusts Arabath took the name, but they are not known to us: nevertheless such there are, and as it appeareth in Levit. cap. 11. were permitted to be eaten among the jews. From whence may be concluded, that john Baptist lived upon these kind of Locusts, and not upon Crabs or Cray-fish, or any such kind of Locusts, Mat. 3. Of Sephela. SEphela is a plain compassed about with mountains, near the river Sorecke. It lieth 14 miles from jerusalem Westward. Here Simon built the castle Adida, and fortified it very strongly. Afterward there was a city built near to this tower, called Eleutheropolis. It was a free city in the tribe of judah, half way between jerusalem and Ascalon; of which Jerome speaketh, li. de Locis Hebr. Of Doch. THis was a strong tower, the ruins whereof may be seen to this day. It was situated near jericho in the field of Hiericuntis, ten miles from jerusalem Northeastward; where Ptolomeus the son of Abodus perfidiously put to death his son in law Simon high Priest of the jews. From this tower you might have seen all the country of the Giliadites, the two tribes of Gad and Reuben, and the half tribe of Manasses, with the mountains of the Moabites, Nebo, Pisga, and Abarim. vid. 1 Mac. ca vlt. The Travels of john Hyrcanus. IOhn Hyrcanus was made Captain over all the men of War by his father Simon; and went from jerusalem to Gaza, 44 miles, where he dwelled, 1 Mac. 13. From thence he returned to jerusalem, 44 miles, in the 5 year of his father's government, to let him understand how Cendebius had invaded the holy land, 1 Mac. 16. From jerusalem, he and his brother judas went with their army to Modin, 14 miles, where they stayed all night. The next morning before day they gave battle to Cendebius, not far from Modin, overcame him and put him to flight. So he pursued the chase till he came to the fortress of Cedron, which stood in the field of Azotus, even 8 miles. From the field of Azotus he and his brother judas returned to jerusalem, being 22 miles. 1 Mac. 16. From jerusalem he returned to Gaza, which is 44 miles. Now when Sorius Ptolomeus the son of Abodus (who a little before had treacherously slain his son in law Simon at a banquet) heard of john's coming into the town, he sent forth certain traitors and homicides to put him to death also: but Hyrcanus having certain intelligence of the matter, prevented the mischief, and put these traitors to the sword, 1 Mac. 16. So all his travels were 176 miles. Concerning the towns and places mentioned in these travels, you may read before. ¶ Of the Kings of Syria that succeeded Antiochus Epiphanes, and made war upon the MACCABEES. And first of the Travels of Antiochus Eupator. THis Antiochus the younger succeeded his father Antiochus Epiphanes, in the 149 year of the Grecians government in Syria, which was the 161 year before Christ, and he continued King of Asia and Syria 3 years. Lysias the King's Substitute for Syria, called this man by the name of Eupator, that is, a good Father; because Kings ought to be Fathers of their countries. This Antiochus Eupator in the second year of his reign came with a great army from Antiochia to the town of Modin, which was 380 miles. From Modin he went to the Hold at Bethsura: this he sharply besieged; being 12 miles. From Bethsura he went to Bethsachara (almost a mile) to meet wrth judas Machabeus, who put him to flight, and killed 600 of his men, 1 Mac. 6. From Bethsachara he returned to the Hold of Bethsura, and won it, which was almost a mile. From Bethsura he came to jerusalem, which was half a mile. From jerusalem he went with his Army to Ptolomais, being 76 miles. From Ptolomais he returned to Antiochia, 204 miles and a half. Concerning the towns and places mentioned in his Travels you may read before. The Travels of Demetrius Soter the brother of Antiochus Epiphanes. IN An. mundi 3809. before Christ 159. Demetrius Soter the son of Seleucus Philopater, who was sent to Rome, brought a Navy from thence through the Mediterranean sea, and came to Tripoli in Syria, which journey was 2680 miles, and usurped upon the government of Syria against young Antiochus the son of Epiphanes, 1 Mac. 7. From Tripoli he went to Antiochia, where the King kept his court, 88 miles. Here he caused young Antiochus and Lysias to be slain, and after reigned in Syria 10 years. At length he was slain in a great battle, by Alexander the son of Epiphanes, 1 Mac. 7. So all his travels were 1760 miles. Of Tripoli. THis city was situated in Phoenicia a province of Syria, on the shore of the Mediterranean sea, 170 miles from jerusalem towards the North; and was so called because there dwelled in it three sorts of people, viz. Tyrians, Sydonians, and Arabians, It is a very famous City even to this day, the Ocean sea coming into every street and principal place of it, and full as populous as Tyrus. For there inhabit Grecians, Latins, Armenians, Maronites, Nestorians, and people of many other nations of diverse conditions and customs in manner of living. It aboundeth also with great abundance of costly Tapestry, which is made so curiously, and with such cost, that it is very delightful to such as look upon it. It is credibly reported, That there are found within the city of Tripoli 4000 men, that do little else but weave and make Tapestry, and such like costly hangings. The country round about where it standeth is very pleasant, & because of the great abundance of Vines, Olives, Figgs, and other fruits and flowers (which yield a comfortable smell, and is profitable for the maintenance of life) it is called Paradise. There is a field before the City, some two miles in length, and one in breadth, in which there are to be seen very curious gardens, and artificially contrived. About six miles from the city standeth mount Libanus, at the foot whereof riseth a goodly fountain, which with great violence runneth thence, but suddenly falling into the valleys, it joins with other waters, and becomes a fair and pleasant river, watering all the gardens of the plain between Tripoli and Libanus, but especially the mountains of the Leopards, which is not far off. In the Canticles, cap. 4. there is mention of this hill; Come with me, my Spouse, from the dens of the Lions, and the mountains of the Leopards. The water of this Spring is very clear, pleasant, cold and healthful; upon the banks of it there stand many churches & religious houses. It is called the Fountain of the gardens, and is divided into three rivers or principal streams, besides many other small brooks which run thence and fall into the sea; so that the sentence Est. 9 is verified of this, A small fountain shall increase to a great River, and shall be poured out against many waters. The Travels of King Alexander son of Epiphanes, and brother to Antiochus Eupator. OF this Alexander, justin writes, lib. 35. where he showeth, That he was not son to Antiochus Epiphanes, as was supposed, but had to name Prompalus, being a man of the meaner sort of people: but the Antiochians for the great tyranny of Demetrius, falling into rebellion, gave unto him the name of Alexander, and withal caused it to be published abroad, that he was the son of Epiphanes, which by reason of his youth was easily believed. And at this time Demetrius because of his cruelty, being much hated of all sorts of people; it came to pass that most, and those of the greatest also, combined with this young man, supposing him indeed to be of noble descent, and the son of a King. Wherefore Alexander or Prompatus being thus encouraged, took upon him to be the brother of Antiochus Eupator, and called himself the lawful heir and successor to the crown of Syria: going from thence to Ptolomais, where he kept a royal court; and in the year of the world 3818, before Christ 150, by the help of the Antiochians & other the inhabitants of Syria, he took upon him the government of that country, and reigned five years. This man suffered many varieties and changes of fortune: at first was put to flight by Demetrius; after he put Demetrius to flight, and at length put him to death and usurped upon his government. In the third year of his reign he married Cleopatra the daughter of Ptolomeus Philometor King of Egypt, by whom he had his son Antiochus. To this marriage jonathan was invited. In the last year of his government he went from Ptolomais to Antiochia, which was 200 miles, where he opposed himself against Demetrius Nicanor the son of Demetrius Soter, 1 Machab. cap. 10. From Antiochia he went to Cilicia, which was 120 miles, to suppress the rebellion of his subjects: but when he heard that Ptolomeus Philometor his father in law had taken up arms against him, conquered Syria, and given his wife to Demetrius Nicanor, which had been married unto him two years before, he gathered all his forces he could, and with all expedition made good the war against Ptolomeus: but he was overcome, and fled into that part of Arabia which bordereth upon the mountain Amanus for refuge; where Zabdiel the governor of that country, fearing lest he should fall into the displeasure of Ptolomeus, caused his servants to cut off his head, and sent it to him into Syria. Within three days after which sight he died, being mortally wounded in the former battle, Ios. li. Ant. 13. c. 17. So all his travels were 320 miles. Of Amanus. AManus was a mountain between Syria and Cilicia, which extendeth itself to the river Euphrates. Between this Amanus and Euphrates, Arabia deserta is situated, 400 miles from jerusalem Northward, and signifies The mountain of truth; from Aman, True and faithful. The Travels of Demetrius Nicanor, the son of Demetrius Soter. IN the 165 year of the government of the Grecians in Syria, which was 141 years before Christ, Demetrius, surnamed Nicanor, which signifies Victorre, sailed out of Crect into Cilicia, which was 600 miles, Ios. Ant. 13. c. 6. 1 Mac. 10. Out of Cilicia he came into Syria the lower, 160 miles, where joining with Apolonius he took upon him the crown and Kingdom of Syria. Afterward Apolonius went into judaea with a great army, and besieged jamnia. Ptolomeus Philometor also assisted the proceed of Demetrius, seeing Alexander his son in law beginning to decline; and the better to strengthen their alliance, matched him to Cleopatra his daughter, which before had been wife to Alexander; by which policy he added to the kingdom of Egypt all Asia, over which he ruled 2 years, 1 Mac. 11. After, Demetrius Nicanor came out of Syria the lower, with Ptolomeus Philometor, to Antiochia, which was 80 miles, 1 Mac. 11. From Antiochia they went with their army to a plain near the mountain Amanus, 120 miles; where in a sharp war they overcame Alexander and put him out of his kingdom, Ios. Ant. li. 3. c. 7. Now after the death of Ptolomeus Philometor, Demetrius Nicanor Nicanor returned to Antiochia, 120 miles, where he governed the kingdom of Syria two years. From Antiochia he went to Ptolomais, which was 200 miles; to which place jonathan the high priest came to meet him, where he gave to him many presents and great gifts to win his favour, 1 Mac. 11. From Ptolomais he returned to Antiochia, 200 miles. There his soldiers and the city of Antiochia rebelled against him. For which cause jonathan the highpriest sent him 3000 men, which delivered the King out of danger, put to the sword 100000 of the seditious, and burned the city of Antiochia, 1 Mac. 11. But after Demetrius shown himself unthankful, he was driven out of his kingdom by Tryphon and young Antiochus the son of King Alexander, who was also called Theos, which signifies God. In the 172 year of the reign of the Grecians in Syria, which was 138 before Christ, Nicanor having slain Antiochus the son of Alexander, he would have reigned alone in Syria: wherefore Demetrius, who was the lawful King of Syria, being 3 years before driven thence, went 1200 miles into Media to crave aid against Tryphon: but Arsaces' king of the Medes, Parthians, and Persians, sent the chief captain of his host against Demetrius, who burned his tents, took him prisoner, and carried him back to his master, to Hecatompylon the chief city of his kingdom, distant from Syria 1220 miles toward the East, justin. lib. 36. 38. From Hecatompylon Arsaces sent him to Hyrcania the Metropolitan city of that country, which was 176 miles; where although Arsaces kept him as a prisoner, yet he allowed him royal attendance, and after married him to his daughter, Iust. lib. 38. After the death of Arsaces, with singular industry and policy he got out of captivity, after he had been 12 year's prisoner in Hyrcania, and came into Syria, which was 14 miles, where he recovered his kingdom, and reigned four years. So all his Travels were 4156 miles. ¶ Of the Places to which he traveled. Of Creta, now called Candia. THis is an Island of the Mediterranean sea, distant from jerusalem 600 miles Westward, very fruitful and pleasant, in which there grows great plenty of Cypress trees, and grapes of diverse kinds, but principally such whereof Malmsey and Sack are made. Here Tytus, Paul's Disciple, was Bishop; wherefore you shall read more of it after. Of Seleucia. SEleucia is a famous city of Syria, situated upon the shore of the Mediterranean sea, 280 miles from jerusalem Northward, near to which the river Orantes runneth, and the mountain Casius standeth, which is 4 miles high, Plin. l. 5. c. 22. You may read more of this in the travels of S. Paul. Of Syria. SYria was sometimes called of the Hebrews Aram, of Aram the son of Sem, of whom all Armenia took the name. Aram signifies, A man of great spirit and dignity, being derived of Rom, that is, lifted up; for he was a man of an excellent spirit, Gen. cap. 10. Syria signifieth a great tract of land, and is divided into two parts, the upper and the lower. In the upper Syria are these cities, Antiochia, Seleucia, Laodicea, and Apamea: in the lower Syria are Sydon, Tyrus, Berytus, Tripoli, and Orthosia. This Country is situated in a very temperate Zone; from whence it happeneth that it is neither oppressed with too much cold nor heat. There are that divide Syria into four parts, that is, into Syria, Assyria, Leucosyria, and Coelosyria. Also Pliny, Lib. 5. Cap. 12. attributeth Mesopotamia and Babylonia to Syria. But it is evident that these were distinct Countries from them, in the which there reigned Emperors and Kings which had large and spacious Dominions. For Syria is situated between the Mediterranean sea and Euphrates; but Mesopotamia (which is so called because it is situated in the middle of waters) is separated from Syria and Assyria, with the rivers Euphrates & Tigris: and Arabia is separated from Syria and Babylon with many vast wildernesses. Therefore these countries cannot properly pass under the denomination of Syria. Of Parthia. PArthia is a spacious country full of mountains and deserts, lying upon the borders of Media Westward; the Metropolis whereof is Hecatompylon, taking the name of 100 gates wherewith it is fortified. It lieth (as Stephanus saith) 1512 miles from jerusalem Eastward. Here Arsaces that mighty King of the Parthians kept his court, who had under his government Media, Parthia, Persia, Hyrcania, and the greatest part of all the countries toward the East. It is called Parthia because of the fruitfulness of the soil, being derived of Parah, To fructify. Of Hyrcania. HYrcania is a fruitful and pleasant country bordering upon Media and the Caspian sea, for the most part plain & champain, beautified with many fair Cities, the chief of which are, Hyrcania (the Metropolis of the whole kingdom) Talebrota, Samariana, Carta, and Tape. It was so fat and fruitful, that the inhabitants use not to till and dress the ground, as they do in other places, but the seed that falleth from the husk upon the earth, springeth up and bringeth forth great plenty and increase, without further labour. The Dews also falling upon the trees, there droppeth from them oil and honey in great plenty. It taketh the name (as it is thought) from a Wood called Hyrcania. In like manner the Caspian sea which bordereth upon it, of this country is called Hyrcanum. Many cruel beasts are found therein, as the Panther, the Tiger, and the Leopard. The Panther is of a whitish colour inclining something to yellow, spotted all over with round shining spots; in like manner are their eyes. She is a friend almost to all kind of creatures, except the Asp and Dragon, and (as Oppianus saith) never taken but when she is drunk, or in her sleep. She is the female to the Leopard. The Leopard is of the same colour, and of the nature of a Wolf, being full, he hurteth nothing; but if empty he preyeth upon every thing, yea, even upon men: his breath is very sweet, with which many other creatures being delighted, he often preys upon them; but being full, he sleepeth sometimes three days together. The Tiger also is a very swift and cruel creature, from whence he is so called; his skin is yellow and full of black spots round and shining. If she chance to lose her young, she never leaves seeking till she finds them out. The Travels of Tryphon, that put Antiochus to death. IN An. mundi 3826. before Christ 142. Tryphon, sometime chief Captain to Alexander King of Syria, who was slain in Arabia, went to Emalcuel Prince of Arabia deserta, with whom Antiochus the son of Alexander was brought up; where he so wrought with him, that he got the boy from him, and brought him thence into Syria, 160 miles; and within a while after besieged Antiochia, took the town, driven thence Demetrius Nicanor, and crowned young Antiochus King of Assyria. This journey to and again was 320 miles, 1 Mac. 11. In the second year of the reign of young Antiochus, Tryphon went from Antiochia to Bethsan, where he perfidiously betrayed jonathan the brother of judas Machabeus, 1 Mac. 12. being thirty six miles. From Bethsan he went to Ptolomais, 32 miles. From Ptolomais he went to Addus a town upon the borders of judea, 68 miles, 1 Mac. 13. To Addus Simon sent his brother's Children and his ransom, which was 60 talents of silver: but after he had received the money, he broke his word, and went thence with jonathan and his sons to Adorni, 48 miles. From Adorni he went to Bascharnan in the land of Gilead, 96 miles. Here he put to death jonathan and his sons. From the country of the Gileadites he returned to Antiochia which was 240 miles: here he put to death young Antiochus, being but a boy of 7 years of age, and usurped upon the government in his place. He began to reign in the 172 year of the Grecians government in Syria, and reigned 3 years, 1 Mac. 14. Ios. li. Ant. 13. About the end of the three years, which was in the 174 year of the Grecians government in Syria, Antiochus Sedetes (brother of Demetrius Nicanor) made war upon Tryphon, and compelled him to fly from Antiochia to Dora, 240 miles from Antiochia toward the South, 1 Mac. 15. But Antiochus Sedetes followed him thither, and so straight besieged Dora, that he was constrained to steal thence in a ship, and sail to Orthosia, which was 160 miles. Lastly, in the way as he was going thence to Apamea, which was 120 miles, he was taken and put to death. So all his travels were 1360 miles. ¶ Of the places mentioned in his travels, which have been formerly recited. Of Dora. DOra was a haven town situated upon the shore of the Mediterranean sea, 48 miles from jerusalem Northward, in the mid way between Carmel and Caesarea Strato. In joseph. cap. 17. it is called Dor, that is, à durans. Of Orthosia. THis was a city of Assiria, situated upon the shore of the Mediterranean sea, near to the place where the river Eleutherius falleth into it, 200 miles from jerusalem Northward; being so called of Diana, whom the Grecians called Orthosia, that is, Exalted or lifted up. Hither Tryphon sailed when he fled from Antiochus Sedetes, 1 Mac. 15. Plin. lib. 5. cap. 20. Concerning the travels of Apolonius, Nicanor, Bacchides, and Cendebius; because they are sufficiently described in the travels of the Maccabees, I thought it unfit to speak further of them. The Travels of Heliodorus. HEliodorus signifies the House of the Sun. He was Scretarie and chief Governor of Antiochia in Syria, for that mighty King Seleucus Philopater, who was brother to that cruel Tyrant Antiochus Epiphanes, and was sent by his Lord and master Seleucus from Antiochia to jerusalem, which is 80 miles, to spoil the Temple of the Lord: but the Lord sent an Angel richly beautified with armour of gold, sitting upon a horse; who went to Heliodorus, and with his horse trod him under his feet: and there appeared two other Angels full of majesty and power, that strooke Heliodorus and beat him with whips, so that he lay upon the floor of the Temple as a man half dead, and could not go forth until he was carried out, 2 Mac. 3. From jerusalem he went with that good man Onias chief priest of the jews (at whose earnest prayers and supplications he was made whole) to Antiochia, 280 miles; where he told Seleucus Philopater of the wonderful works of the Lord. So all his travels were 580 miles. The Travels of the high-Priests of the jews that ruled before the Maccabees, as they are severally mentioned in the Books of Maccabees. And first of the travels of Onias the high-Priest. ONias signifies the riches of God; from On, Opulency, and jah, God: for although he was afflicted with poverty in this world, yet he was rich in God. He succeeded his Father Simon the Just, an. M. 3757. before Christ 211. Antiochus the great being King of Syria. He was highpriest 39 years until the death of Seleucus Philopater: at the end of which time, one Simon, the chief of those that kept the temple, being ambitious of rule, fell to words with Onias, and from words to blows; so that there were many outrages committed by the friends of Simon. Wherefore Onias to give place to the fury of his adversaries, went from jerusalem to Antiochia, which was 280 miles. But Seleucus Philopater being dead, and Antiochus Epiphanes in the government, who was a covetous and cruel prince; good Onias, partly for fear of him, and partly of his brother jason (who had but a little before purchased the office of high priest for 360 talents of silver, and promised to pay a yearly tribute of 80 talents) durst not return home to jerusalem, but went to a sanctuary that stood in the wood of Daphne, which was about one mile from Antiochia, in hope of safety: to which place one Andronichus chief Captain to Antiochus, came to him, and with fair speeches and flattering words alured him out of the Sanctuary, and traitorously put him to death. So his travels were 281 miles. The Travels of the high-Priest jason. IAson and jesus have both one signification: he entered upon the office of High priest in the first year of Antiochus Epiphanes, which was 173 years before Christ. He went from jerusalem to Antiochia, which was 280 miles, where after the death of Onias he paid to Antiochus for the office of highpriest almost 3 tons of gold, with promise to pay a yearly tribute of 48000 crowns. From Antiochia he returned to jerusalem, 280 miles; where he began to build the tower of Acropolis in mount Acra: and that he might please that wicked King, and keep his favour, he built certain Theatres in jerusalem, and caused Interludes and Plays to be acted in them, at such times and upon such days as the people were wont to meet in the Temple to serve God. Also K. Antiochus Epiphanes in the 4 year of his priesthood coming to jerusalem, he gave him royal entertainment. The same year jason was put out of his office of highpriest by the policy and cunning of his brother Menelaus, and was constrained to fly into the land of the Ammonites beyond jordan, being 40 miles. Two years after, when Antiochus Epiphanes invaded Egypt, there was a vain rumour that he was slain; wherefore jason with a thousand soldiers returned to jerusalem, which was 40 miles, and broke suddenly into the city, so that Menelaus was constrained for safety of his life to fly to the garrison of the Syrians that were in jerusalem. But Antiochus hearing what had happened, came out of Egypt with a great army to jerusalem; wherefore he fled thence back again to the Ammonites, 40 miles; but they fearing that Antiochus would come thither with his army, he was accused before Areta King of Arabia, and constrained to fly from one city to another for safety. Wherefore when he perceived that he could not live there secure, he went thence into Egypt, 280 miles. From thence he went to the Lacedæmonians, 600 miles, where he died in exile, being cast out unlamented or buried. So all his travels were 1560 miles. Of Lacedemonia, the metropolitan city of Peloponesus. LAcedemonia or Sparta was a famous city of Peloponnesus, distant from jerusalem 600 miles toward the West; which although it had no walls, yet was it one of the fairest and most populous cities in all Grecia; and was called Sparta of Spartus, who was sometime King thereof, and rebuilt it, adorning it with fair & goodly buildings. At first it was built by one Lacedaemon, who was king thereof, and of him called Lacedemonia: and after, Menelaus' that mighty King of the Grecians (who had to wife Helena the fairest woman of all Grecia) kept his court there. Here also Lycurgus that famous Philosopher reigned as King, and prescribed to the citizens and inhabitants excellent laws, by the observance whereof they became famous in after-ages, and performed many noble wars and exploits against their enemies. jonathan and Simon held a friendly league with the Lacedæmonians. The Travels of the high-Priest Menelaus. THis Menelaus, called also Onias, was (as josephus saith) the third son of Simon the Just, and brother to jason, although, 2 Mac. 3, 4. he is said to be the brother of one Simon of the tribe of Benjamin, who was chief of those that kept the Temple, of whom you may read before. This man in the fourth year of Antiochus Epiphanes was sent by jason his brother to Antiochia, being 280 miles, upon certain business, but principally to carry the king money. Where he made a secret Contract with him, to pay him 30 talents * That is, 180000 Crowns. beside all that his brother jason had paid him, if he would institute him to be high-Priest. The King in hope of profit gave ear to his motion, and under pretence of injury & wrong offered by jason, constrained him to leave his office, and fly from jerusalem into the land of the Ammonites for his safety, and so instituted Menelaus to be chief Priest of the jews; who entered upon his government in the year before Christ 169. Wherefore Menelaus returned from Antiochia to jerusalem, 280 miles; where he began to govern not as chief Priest, but as a cruel and wicked tyrant, 2 Mac. 4. But when in the beginning of his government he could not pay that great sum of money which he had promised, the king sent for him to Antiochia, being 280 miles, where for that time he was removed from his office, and his brother Lysimacus ordained chief Priest in his room. Wherefore Menelaus being sore troubled, vexed, and grieved in mind for that which had happened in the first year of his priesthood, returned back from Antiochia to jerusalem, being 280 miles. But a little after, when Antiochus Epiphanes brought an Army into Cilicia, to suppress the rebellion of the Tharsians and Mallotans, Menelaus taking advantage of the King's absence, went to Andronichus (who was chief Agent for the King in Syria) to Antiochia, 280 miles, and there gave him certain golden vessels and jewels that he had stolen out of the temple, to hire him to be his friend, and help him to his office of high-priesthood again. But Onias the elder hearing of this sacrilege, greatly reprehended Menelaus for this shameful fact; but he taking it in ill part, combined with Andronichus, who by fair speeches alluring him out of the sanctuary in the wood Daphne, put him to death, after he had been 5 years in exile. But King Antiochus returning from Antiochia, accused Andronichus, of treason, and by the means of a certain Courtier received Menelaus into favour. From Antiochia Menelaus returned to jerusalem, 280 miles; where by the help of his brother Lysimachus he stole a great mass of money out of the Temple. Which sacrilege being known to the people, they fell to uproar and killed Lysimachus close by the Treasury. They accused Menelaus also before Antiochus, 2 Mac. cap. 4. Antiochus in the second year of his priesthood went to Tyrus which is 100 miles, where he so corrupted certain courtiers with money, that he procured the favour of Antiochus, and caused his Accusers (good and just men) to be banished thence, as slanderers, and such as went about to defame Menelaus. From Tyrus he returned back again to jerusalem, 100 miles, where he fell into his old cruelty, and in the third year of his government received Antiochus Epiphanes with his army into the city of jerusalem, who cruelly murdered the citizens, and spoilt the Temple, 2 Mac. 5. After the death of Antiochus, who as it is said perished of a grievous disease, and was buried at Babylon; his son Antiochus Eupator came with a great Army into judaea in hostile manner. Wherefore Menelaus in the last year of his Priesthood went out to meet him. But Lysias accused him unto the King, as one that was the only author of all the evils that had happened to the jews. Wherefore Antiochus willed Lysias to take him prisoner; who brought him to Berea a town in Syria, distant from jerusalem 360 miles Northward; where upon the top of a Tower fifty cublts high, he was tied to a wheel and had all his joints broken, and through the extremity of the pain died, 2 Mac. 3. So all his travels were 2240 miles. The Travels of Alcimus, Highpriest of the posterity of Aaron. THis Alcimus after the death of Menelaus, which was the year before Christ 150, went with certain impious and wicked men to Demetrius Soter, who lived in Antiochia in Syria, being 280 miles, and there accused judas Machabeus and all the godly jews; using such flattery toward the King, that he obtained the principality and office of high-Priest, which he held three years, 1 Mac. 7. From Antiochia he and Bacchides returned back to jerusalem, where he was instituted in the office of high-priesthood, which is 280 miles. But when he saw that he was not able to withstand the power and singular virtue of judas Machabeus, he returned back to Antiochia, 280 miles; where after he had accused the good men among the jews, he obtained aid of Demetrius, who sent Nicanor with a great army into judaea against judas, to establish Alcimus in the priesthood. So Alcimus and Nicanor returned into judaea, 280 miles. But Alcimus seeing familiar conference to pass between Nicanor and judas Machabeus, he went back again to Antiochia, 280 miles, where he told Demetrius of the perfidious dealing of Nicanor. Wherefore Demetrius being very angry at what had happened, wrote a sharp letter to Nicanor, giving him to understand, That it was much against his mind that he should make a league with judas: and further willed him (the said league notwithstanding) to bring him bound to Antiochia. Upon receipt of which letter he made war upon judas; in which expedition Nicanor was taken and had his head cut off. All this happened in the first year of the priesthood of Alcimus. But when Demetrius heard of this overthrow, he sent Bacchides and Alcimus with a great army, who went to Antiochia, and came to Masloth in the country of Arbela, 192 miles, where they made incursions upon the tribe of Nepthaly, & slew a great multitude of the Israelites, 1 Mac. 9 From Masloth they went with their army to Gilgal, 76 miles. This happened in the second year of the priesthood of Alcimus. From Gilgal they came to jerusalem, 12 miles, 1 Macchab. cap. 9 From thence they brought their army to Berea, 12 miles: here they were overcome and put to flight by judas Machabeus, 1 Mac. cap. 9 From Berea they fled amongst the mountains which are between Azotus and Gazeron, six miles. Here judas Machabeus was slain. Wherefore Alcimus returned thence back again to jerusalem 20 miles, and caused the walls of the inner house of the Temple, and the monuments of the Priests to be taken down & destroyed: but before his command was fully executed, the Lord strooke him with a dead palsy, of which he lay a time dumb, but within a while after he died of that disease, in the second year of his priesthood, an. mundi 3811, and before Christ 157. Alcimus being dead, Bacchides returned back to Demetrius in Syria, 1 Mac. 9 For seven years after there was no high Priest in jerusalem, till jonathan the brother of judas Machabeus took upon him that office, 1 Mac. 10. So all his travels were 1717 miles. ¶ Of the places to which he traveled. Of Arbela. THis was a city in the upper Galilee, belonging to the tribe of Nepthali, 96 miles from jerusalem Northward. Of which town all the country is called Arbela, being derived of Arab, To lie hid. Of Masloth. THis also is a town of Nepthaly, 92 miles from jerusalem Northward: and is derived of Maschal, which signifies, He hath governed. Of Berea. TO this city jotham sometime fled from the fury of his brother Abimilech judge of Israel, judg. 9 It is situated twelve miles from jerusalem Westward, and signifies a clear Well. Thus by God's providence have I described the Travels and journeys of the holy Patriarches, Kings, and Prophets, etc. as they are severally mentioned in the old Testament; that so, gentle Reader, thou mightst understand what difficult and tedious journeys, and in them what great labour and vexation they were constrained to bear in this world, till God of his mercy took them out of this vale of misery, and placed them in everlasting happiness, where now without doubt they remain in peace. FINIS. The quantities of the moneys both Silver and Gold, as they are severally mentioned in the Scriptures, reduced to our Weights and English valuations, EVer since the time that Monies have been allowed as currant in exchange betwixt man and man (which for that purpose as Aristotle saith was first ordained) it hath passed according to the valuation of a certain weight, which for the most part is universal, according to the worth and estimation thereof in the several countries where it is to be sold & exchanged; or else by Coin, which is currant according to the valuation that is imposed upon it by the consent of a State, or command of a Prince. In both which there have been used sundry distinctions of greater and less valuations of weights and coin, according to the necessity and estimation thereof in several Kingdoms and governments. As amongst the jews they used weights and no coin, and these distinguished in several sorts, and as is thought separated with sundry marks, that they might be known each from other. The weights that they used were commonly three, viz. the Centiner or talon, the Mina, and the Sickle; according to the opinion of josephus, Budaeus, Hostius, and many others. Of a Sickle. A Sickle was a kind of weight currant among the jews, containing precisely half an ounce of silver or gold, which that it might be distinguished, had a particular effigies or superscription; viz. upon one side was to be seen the measure wherein they kept Manna in the Sanctuary, with this superscription, The Sickle of Israel: and on the other the rod of Aaron flourishing, with this inscription, Holy jerusalem, which is ordinarily worth in English money 2 s. 6 d. and in gold 15 s. and more or less according to the pureness or baseness of either. A sickle was divided into these parts Into a Drachma, i 7 d. ob. whereof 4 make a sickle, Gen. 13.15. Exod. 21.32, etc. Half sicles, mentioned Exod. 30.13.15. ca 38.26. which was the yearly tax imposed upon every man toward the building of the Tabernacle, i 15 d. English. Quadrants Sicli, or the fourth part of a Sickle, which was also in use among the jews, 1 Sam. 8.9. which amounts to a Roman penny, and in our money to 7 d. ob. and by the Grecians were called Drachma. Gherahs', Exod. 30.13. which was the 20 part of a sickle, and was worth 1 d. ob. Of Sicles there were three sorts A common sickle, which weighed a quarter of an ounce, and was worth 15 d. The King's sickle, which weighed 3. Drachmas, that is in our money 22 d. ob. The sickle of the Temple, which weighed directly half an ounce, and was worth 2 s. 6 d. Of a Mina. Ios. li. ant. ca 12 A Mina was a pound weight among the jews, and were of two sorts, one of gold, which weighed 100 Drachmas, another of silver, weighing 240 Drachmas. These were called the ancient weights, but there was a later, which is said to contain 100 Denaria's or Attic Drachmas, Tract. de Aug. cap. 8. which seem to be so called because of the traffic the jews had with the Grecians, among whom it was worth 100 Attic Drachmas, i 3 li. 2 s. 6 d. English. Of Mina's there were 3 sorts, as appears in Ezech. 45. The common Mina or pound (weighing 25 half ounces or sicles of the Temple) amounted to sixty Drachmas, i 37 s. 6 d. The Kings Mina or pound (weighing 20 half ounces or sicles of the temple) amounted to 80 drachmas i 50 s. The Mina or pound of the Temple or Sanctuary, (which weighed 25 half ounces or sicles) maketh 100 Drachmas, i 3 li. 2 s. 6 d. Of a Talon. THe Hebrew talon ordinarily weigheth 125 pounds, which being divided, amounteth to 3000 sicles or half ounces, as it plainly appeareth, Exod. 38.25, 26. where it is said that 600000 men offered so many half sicles, which make 300000 sicles, the 100 part of which make a talon, from whence it appeareth that 3000 sicles make a talon. Also Epiphanes observeth, lib. 1. de Pon. That the Attic talon is equal in weight with the Hebrew; for as the Hebrew contains 3000 sicles, which make 125 li. so the Attic contains 1200 Drachmas, which make the same weight, and is worth 375 li. of English money. But the Hebrew Talon of gold, which for the most part is used in every place, is worth 4500 li. in our money. The jews had three sorts of talents: The common talon (weighing 3000 quarters of an ounce, or common sicles) amounts to 6000 Drachmas, which is 187 li. 10 s. The king's talon weighed 3000 of the king's sicles which amounted to 9000 Drachmas, which is 281 li. 5 s. The Talon of the Temple or Sanctuary weighed 3000 sicles of the temple, which are precisely so many half ounces, which amount to three hundred seventy five pounds. From hence then may easily be gathered, that although the jews had several weights and denominations of silver and gold, yet only one kind was usually observed in traffic with other nations, and that had correspondency with their Weights, the rest being only for the common sort or particular uses; for although there were diverse Sicles, Mina's, and Talents among themselves, yet the common weight (whether it was of sickle, mina, or talon) was usually that which they termed the talon of the temple, and that had a just correspondency with the Grecian Talon both in weight and worth; and this not only among them, but also by relation from them to the Italians; and that nation obtaining an universal monarchy made it common with us also. Of other Weights used among the jews. THey had also other weights which they used, passing under several denominations and differing value; as Keseph, a siluerling or Nummus; which name is very often used for a Sickle, as appeareth, Gen. 20.16. & 23.16.43.21. 2 Sam. 18.11, 12. The Caldaeans called this Silga, & the Hebrews Shekel, being precisely half an ounce, and worth 2. s. 6 d. For 30 of these Silverlings of the Sanctuary our Saviour Christ wns sold, Mat. 26. which amounteth to 3 li. 15 s. English. There was also another kind of Siluerling or Nummus used, which was called Siclus, but it was the common or vulgar Sickle, which was but a quarter of an ounce, and was worth but 15 d. There was another kind of siluerling or Nummus used, which was called Keshitah; of which you may read in three several places of Scripture, Gen. 33.19. Ios. 24.32. job. 42.11. and was signed with the image of a Lamb upon it, from whence it is so called. The ancient Nummus of the Arabians and Chaldaeans was like unto this, as may be gathered by many circumstances out of the places where it is mentioned, and was of the same valuation as the Grecians was amongst the jews, which was 1 d. ob. But the Silverlings mentioned Act 1.9.19. are intended to be Grecian Silverlings or Nummus, and is worth an Attic Drachma; for the Grecians reckon their sums of money by drachmas, as the jews and Romans by Sicles and Sestertia's, and is worth of our money 7 d. ob. You shall read in Mat. 17.24. of a Didrachma, which is worth in our money 15 d. Also Mat. 17.27. of a Stater, which is a Greek Coin worth 2 s. 6 d. And Mat. 18.22. & 22.19, etc. of a Denarius, which was a Roman Coin, as is evident Mat. 21. because the image of Caesar was upon it, and was worth 7 d. ob. 1 Sam. cap. 2. of a Scruple, which was worth 1 d. ob. q. c. In Exod. 30. Num. 3. Eze. 45. of an Obulus, which was 1 d. q. In Mat. 12. of a Minutus, which was ob. q. And in Mar. 12. Mat. 5. you shall read of a coin called Quadrants, which was something more than half a farthing. These are briefly the weights and moneys the jews used, both foreign and domestic, in their trade and commerce. Of the gold Weight among the jews. THe jews also had their particular weights for their gold, as they had for their silver, the least of which were called Zuza or Drachma, which is worth 7 s. 6. d. and more or less according to the pureness or baseness of it. It was also called Daikemonim, Esd. 2. and Nehem. 7. The Chaldaeans call it Edarchonim, Esd. 8. The common Sickle of gold weighed two Drachmas, and was worth 15 s. The King's sickle weighed 3 drachmas, & was worth 22 s. 6. d. The sickle of the Temple weighed 4 Drachmas, being precisely half an ounce, and was worth 30 s. The common Mina or pound of gold weighed 60 Drachmas or Hungarian Ducats, which is worth 22 li. 10 s. The Kings Mina or pound 80 Drachmas or Hungarian Ducats, which is 30 li. English. The Mina or pound of the temple weighed 100 Drachmas or Hungarian Ducats, which was 2250 li. The common talon of gold weighed 6000 Drachmas or Hungarian Ducats, and was 2250 li. The King's talon weighed 9000 Drachmas or Hungarian ducats, which was 3375 li. The talon of the Temple weighed 12000 Drachmas or Hungarian ducats, which was of our money 45000 li. Of gold weights which were not originally the jews, but borrowed of other Nations, and used amongst them. THere are four kinds of Weights that are mentioned in the Scriptures, which were common amongst the jews, besides the former, viz. Zahab, of which you may read, 2 Kings, 5.5. 2 Chr. 9.16. and is called by the name of a Nummus. The Sickle of gold, 1 Chr. 21.25. which is there also called Nummus. Both which being so called, seem to signify a Didrachma of gold: and these two were properly belonging to the jews. The other that follow belonged not to them, but they received them from other nations; as the Stater, Drachmon, and Adarchon. The Stater was an ancient piece of gold common amongst the Persians, Grecians, Romans, and other great governments, being distinguished by the superscription of the Kings or Countries where they were made or coined; as the Stater Philippici, Darici, Alexandrei, Romani, etc. They were pure fine gold, some of which were as much in value as a double ducat, others as 4 Hungarian ducats, and some as Portagues. The Drachmon (of which you may read, Ezra 8.27, etc.) is a Persian coin as it seems, for the Grecian interpreters call it Drachmen, which is as much more as the Attic Drachma, and in our money is worth 7 s. 6 d. Adarcon also seems to be a Persian coin, and doth imply the name of a prince, or Daricum signifies the gold of the Persians: For Darius the son of Hystaspis then reigned, when these Nummus of gold thus called, were dedidated to the building of the Temple; and this man for the most part coined singular good gold, as Herodotus saith: Herod. in Melp. Plut. in Artax. wherefore they were either called Darici, because they were coined by the Persian kings; or else, as Plutarch observes, because the image of Darius stood upon one part of it. And was worth of our money 7 s. 6 d. Thus you may perceive what diversities of weights were used amongst the jews; being crept in amongst them partly because of their captivity, and partly because of their commerce & trade with other Nations. It is therefore worthy of observation, that if at any time you read of any weight of money, brass, or the like in the holy Scripture, to consider of what sort of weight it is, viz. whether a Weight of the jews, or some foreign and strange Weight. If of the jews, Whether it be a common Sickle, the King's sickle, or the sickle of the Temple. But if these may be discerned, you shall for the most part find the Addition, which may easily distinguish them. But if there be no addition, that is, the King's sickle, or the sickle of the Temple, than you may presume that it is the common sickle. And so for other weights & moneys. ¶ That these things may appear the plainer unto you, I have here added the principal sums of money, reduced to our English valuations, as they are severally mentioned in the most places of Scripture. And first out of Genesis. Genesis. ABimilech King of Gerar said to Sara, Cap. 20. I have given your Brother 100 silverlings, which were common sicles, 62 li. 16 s. Abraham bought a burying place for his wife Sara, Cap. 24. v. 22. for 400 sicles of silver, which are common sicles, that is, 25 li. Abraham's servant gave Rebecca half a sickle of gold, Cap. 15. v. 16. and two bracelets upon her hands weighing ten sicles, which are intended to be common sicles, because there is no addition, which was 4 li. 2 s. 6. d. joseph was sold by his brothers for 20 silverlings, Cap. 27. v. 28. that is common sicles, according to the 70 Interpreters, 1 li. 5 s. but the silverlings our Saviour was sold for were as great again, being sicles of the Temple, which were precisely half ounces. Exodus. THe mulct that was prescribed by the Lord to pay by him who had an Ox that gored or hurt another man's servant, Cap. 21. v. 32. was 30 common sicles, that is, 3 li. 15 s. When the people were numbered, Cap. 30. v. 31. each man was to give half a sickle of the Temple, i 1 s. 3 d. The seven Lamps in the Temple, Cap. 37. v. 24. with their snuffers and snuffing dishes, were made of a talon of fine gold, after the weight of the Temple, and were worth 4500 li. All the gold that was occupied in all the work wrought for he holy place, which was the gold of the offering, was 26 talents, Cap. 38. v. 2. and 370 sicles according to the sickle of the sanctuary, which was 130596 li. 5 s. Cap. 38. v. 25. But the silver of them that were numbered in the congregation was 100 talents, and 1775 sicles after the weight of the Temple; which was 37721 li. 18 s. 6 d. Cap. 38. v. 27. Moreover, there were 100 talents of silver to cast the sockets of the sanctuary and the sockets of the veil, 100 sockets of 100 talents, a talon for a socket, which was 375 li. a socket, and in the whole, 37500 li. Leviticus. Cap. 17. v. 2.3.15.6.7. IF any man shall make a vow of a person unto the Lord by thy estimation, than thy estimation shall be thus; a male from 20 years old unto sixty years old shall be by thy estimation at 50 sicles of silver after the sickle of the Sanctuary, which is 6 li. 5. s. Ver. 3. But a female, then but 30 sicles of silver, i 3 li. 15 s. 4 And from 5 years old to 20 years old thy valuation shall be, for the male 20 sicles of silver, i 50 s. and for the female 10 sicles of silver, i 25 s. 5 But from a month old to 5 years old thy price of the Male shallbe 5 sicles of silver, i 12 s. 6 d. and for the female three sicles of silver, 6 which was 37 s. 6 d. And from 60 years old and above, if he be a male, then 15 Sicles, i 37 s. 6 d. Numbers. Cap. 3 46.47. FOr the redeeming of the 273 which were more than the Levits of the first born of the children of Israel, there shall be taken 5 sicles a man, after the weight of the Temple, i 12 s. 6 d. a man; and for the whole 170 li. 12 s. 6 d. Cap. 7.13. The Princes of Israel being 12 in number, offered unto God each of them a silver Charger of 130 sicles weight, and a silver bowl of 70 sicles after the sickle of the sanctuary, i 25 li. a prince, and amounted in the whole to 300 li. and an Incense Cup of gold of 10 sicles, for every prince, which was 7 li. 10 s. a man, which in the whole amounted to 90 li. Deuteronomy. IF any man take a wife, & when he hath lain with her hate her, Cap. 22. v. 19 and lay slanderous things to her charge, and she prove not guilty of the fact, he shall be condemned in 100 common sicles of silver, i 6 li. 5 s. If a man lie with a maid he shall pay unto her father 50 sicles, Cap. 22. v. 29. viz. common sicles, i 3 li. 2 s. 6 d. joshuah. ANd Achan answered joshuah and said, Cap. 7: v. 20. Indeed I have sinned against the Lord; for I saw amongst the spoils a goodly Babylonish garment, and 200 sicles of silver (i 12 li. 10 s.) and a wedge of gold of 50 sicles, i 37 li. 10 s. English. judges. GIdeon gathered of the spoils of the Midianites for a present 1700 sicles of gold, Cap. 8. v. 26. i 1275 li. The princes of the Philistines promised the harlot Dalilah, Cap. 16.5. if she could betray Samson, to give her 1100 silverlings, i common sicles, which was 68 li. 15 s. The body of the image in the house of Micah in mount Ephraim weighed 200 silverlings, i common sicles, Cap. 17. v. 4. which is 12 li. 10 s. And the sum of money which Micahs mother miss was 1100 common sicles of silver, for which she cursed; i 68 li. 15 s. To the Levit that served Micah she gave yearly a suit of apparel, tenths, and ten silverlings or sicles of the sanctuary, forwith that kind of money the Levits were rewarded, i 1 li. 5 s. I Samuel. ANd all that remain of the house of Ely shall come and bow down unto him for a piece of silver; in Hebrew it is A●orah, Cap. 2. v. 36. which Forestarius and Avenarius interpret Scrupulo Argenti, which was 1 d. ob. q. But if you take the ancient interpreters it was Obulum, that is, 1 d. q. Cap. 9 v. 8. When Saul sought his father's asses, his servant had about him the fourth part of a common sickle of silver, that is, 3 d. ob. q. Cap. 17. v. 5. The Brigandine of the great giant Goliath weighed 5000 sicles of brass, which at 16 ounces in the pound, comes to 78 pounds and 2 ounces: and the head of his spear weighed 60 sicles, that is after the same weight, 9 pound quarter and half of iron. TWO Samuel. Cap. 12. v. 30. 1 Chr. 21.2. ANd David won the town of Rabath, & took the king's crown from his head and set it upon his own head; which weighed a talon of gold, and was (according to our common interpreters in these times) a common talon of the jews, i 46 li. 14 ounces, worth 2250 li. English. But other writers, considering that if it had been so heavy the King could not have worn it, therefore they think it to be a talon according to the Syrian weight, which is not above a quarter of an Hebrew talon, and was of our weight 11 pound 4 ounces, that is 551 li. And the reason of their opinion was, because Rabbah and the whole country of the Children of Ammon lay in the land of Syria, and therefore it must necessarily follow that their weight was Syrian weight; the king of Rabbah never wearing this crown but when he made some solemn feast or triumph. There are others that value it according to the worth of the crown, not of the weight; and for that it was made of fine gold, set with precious stones and other jewels, therefore it weighed a talon, that is, it was worth a talon: according to that of Zach. ca 1. So they weighed for my wages as much as I am valued, i 30 silverlings. Thus have I set before you three interpretations, follow which you like. Cap. 18. v. 11: And joab spoke unto the man that brought him word that Absalon was hanging upon an Oak tree, saying, If thou hadst smote him to the ground I would have given thee ten sicles of silver, or ten silverlings, which was 12 s. 6 d. The man answered him and said, If you had laid 1000 silverlings (that is, 62 li. 10 s.) in my hand, yet I would not have laid my hand upon the King's son. When the Angel of God stretched forth his hand over jerusalem, and strooke the people with the pestilence; p. 25. v. 25. at the commandment of Gad the Prophet, David went to Araunah the jebusite and bought his threshing flore for fifty sicles of silver of the common weight. Some say that every tribe gave fifty sicles, which was 3 li. 2 s. 6 d. a Tribe; and in the whole amounted to 37 li. 10 s. I. Kings. THe Queen of Saba gave unto King Solomon 120 Centiners or Talents of gold; which was 265000 pounds English: Cap. 5. v. 28. this was pure Arabia gold, and therefore according to the worth of gold in these days, much more than is set down. King Solomon had brought into his Kingdom in one year 666 Talents or Centiners of five Arabian gold; Cap. 10. v. 14. which at 4500 pound the talon, is 2997000 li. viz. two millions nine hundred ninety seven thousand pounds English. But the silver that Solomon had, was not to be numbered. And King Solomon caused 200 targuets to be made, Cap. 10. v. 16. of the finest gold, each target weighing 200 sicles of gold, that is, 600 Hungarians ducats; and was worth 225 li. a target: which in the whole amounteth to 45000 li. English. There came and went up out of Egypt a chariot worth 600 sicles of silver, which is 37 li. 10 s. and a horse worth 150, li. that 9 li. 7 s. 6 d. II. Kings. NAaman general of the King of Syrias host, Cap. 5. v. 5. when he traveled to Samaria to be healed of his leprosy, took with him 10 talents of silver, that were of the common weight, each talon worth 187 li. 10 s. being in the whole 1875 l. But if you account it after the Syrians talon (as some would have it) which is but the fourth part of the Hebrew; than it came to 46 li. 17 s. 6 d. the talon, and in the whole to 468 li. 15 s. He also brought 1000 Drachmas of gold, which were so many Hungarian ducats, and were worth 375 li. English. Being healed of his leprosy, he gave to Gehazie, Cap. 5. v. 5. two talents of silver in two bags; which if they were according to the weight of the jews, amounted to 375 li. and was as much as a man could carry. But if according to the Syrian weight, than it came but to 95 li. which he might well carry and not be discovered. Cap. 6. v. 25. Benhadad king of Syria so straightly besieged the city of Samaria, that an Ass' head was sold at 80 pieces of silver, or silverlings, which is 5 li. and a quarter of a cabe of Dove's dung, at five pieces or silverlings, that is, 5 s. 4 d. But after the Lord struck the Syrians so that they fled from their siege, Cap. 7. v. 18, and the citizens opened their gates, and rifled their tents; by which means there was such plenty, that two measures of Barley was sold for a sickle, that is, 15 d. and two measures of fine flower at 15 d. Cap. 15. v. 19 When Phul, king of Assiria, invaded Menahem king of Israel, he was constrained to give him a thousand talents of silver, that is, 187500 li. that his help might be with him to establish a kingdom in his hand, and departed: for the payment of which money, all the men of substance in Israel were constrained to pay fifty sicles of silver a piece, that is, 3 li. 2 s. 6 d. a man. I Chronicles. Cap. 22. v. 14. IT was said that David left Solomon towards the building of the Temple 10000 talents of gold, that is, 450000000 li. four hundred and fifty millions of pounds. also he left him for the finishing of the same work 1000000 Talents of silver, which amount unto 375000000 li. viz. three hundred seventy five millions of pounds. Cap. 29. v. 4. Also David dedicated to the Temple of his own goods 3000 talents of gold, that is, 135000 li. And of silver 7000 talents, that is, 2625000 li. viz. 2 millions 6 hundred 25 thousand li. English. The offering which David gave towards the building of the Temple, was 5000 Talents, and 10000 Adarcons or Hungarian Ducats of gold, that is, 22507500 li. viz. twenty two million five hundred seven thousand five hundred pounds. So all tha● was given by David towards the building of the Temple was ● hundred 47 thousand millions, 3 hundred 82 thousand 5 hundred pounds. TWO Chronicles. SOlomon made 300 shields of fine gold, every shield weighing 300 pieces of gold, that is, 112 li. 10 s. so in the whole the came to 33650 li. Esdras. SOme of the chief of the jews, Cap. 2. v. 69. when they returned from the captivity of Babylon unto jerusalem gave to the building of the Temple 61000 Drachmas, or Hungarian Ducats of Gold; that is, 21525 li. also five thousand pound of silver, which at 37 s. 6 d. the pound cometh to 9375 li. ARTASHAST (who in some places is called Darius Artaxerxes Longimanus) commanded his Treasurer to give unto Esdras towards the building of the Temple jerusalem, 100 Centiners or talents of silver, which (at 187 li. 10 s. the talon) cometh to 18750 li. according to the Hebrew common weight; for as oft as there is no addition, it is to be intended in every place the common weight. The king of Persia and his Nobles, with all Israel, Cap. 8. v. 16.26. gave to the building of the Temple in jerusalem 650 Centiners of silver of the common weight, which (at 187 li. 10 s. the talon) cometh to 121875 li. also in silver vessels 100 centiners or talents, which (at 187 li. 10 s. the talon) cometh to 18750 li. also 100 Centiners or talents of gold, which (at 2250 l. the talon) in the whole cometh to 225000 li. or thereabouts: also 20 cups of Gold weighing 1000 Drachmas or Hungarian Ducats, that is. 375 li. each of which cups were worth 18 li. 15 s. Nehemiah. THe Tirshatha (or as some have it Nehemiah) gave to the work 1000 Drachmas of gold, Cap. 7. v. 37. which was 275 li. and some of the fathers gave to the work 20000 Drachmas or Hungarian Ducats of gold, which came to 5500000 li. also 2200 pounds of silver, which was 4125 li. and the rest of the people gave 20000 Drachmas or Hungarian ducats of gold, which came to 5500000 li. also 2000 pieces of silver, which were common pounds, which cometh to 3756 li. Ester. PRoud Hammon offered 10000 Centiners or talents of silver, Cap. 3. v. 9 to destroy the jews; which (at 187 li. 10 s. the talon) cometh to 1875000 li. Ezekiel. Cap. 45. v. 43. A Sickle of the Temple shall be 20 Gerahs', that is, 2 s. 6 d. (for in this place he speaketh of that which belongeth to the Sanctuary) and the Mina (that is the Kings Mina) shall be 20 sicles: and 25 sicles shall be the Mina of the Temple: and 15 sicles shall be the common Mina, of which you may read before. Tobias. Cap. 1. v. 10. OLd Tobias willingly lent unto the poor man Gabel in Rages, a town in Media, ten pounds of silver, that is, 18 li. 15 s. But if it be according to our translation, that is, ten Talents at 187 li. 10 s. the Talon is 1963 li. after the common weight. But if after the weight of the Temple, it comes to as much more. I Macchabeus. Ca 10: v. 40. 42. Demetrius' king of Syria offered to give yearly unto the jews for the building of the Temple, 15000 sicles of silver, of the temple weight; that is, 1000 Mina's, which (at 37 s. 6 d. the Mina) comes to 1875 li. And, if they would aid him, he would also restore the money again which his officers had kept back of the reveneves of the Temple; which was yearly 5000 sicles of the Temple, of silver; that is, 2500 crowns English, which is, 625. li. Cap. 11. v. 28. jonathan the high Priest of jerusalem, wrought so well with Demetrius king of Syria, that he released the jews of their yearly tribute and made them free: for which freedom he gave 300 Centiners of gold or common talents; which at 2250 li. the talon, cometh to 675000 li. Ca 13. v. 16. 19 Simon to release his brother, sent to Tryphon, the K. of Syrias General of his host, 100 centiners or talents of silver, of the common weight; which at 187 li. 10 s. the talon amounts to 18750 li. Cap. 14. v. 14. Simon the high Priest of jerusalem sent to the Romans a great shield of gold, weighing 1000 pounds; which is 100000 Hungarian ducats, 37500 li. English. Ca 15. v. 31.35. Antiochus, Demetrius his son, K. of Syria, asked of Simon the high priest of jerusalem, for the redemption of certain towns that he had taken, five hundred centiners or common talents of siluers and for his charges as much more; in all, a thousand Centiners or Talents: that is 187500 li. in English money. But Simon refused the proffer, yet nevertheless, that he might live in peace, he offered him 100 Talents of silver, which (at 187 li. 10 s. the Talon) amounteth to 18750 li. TWO Macchabees. When Heliodorus would have rob the Temple, Cap. 3. v. 11. there was in it 400 Centiners of silver (of the weight of the Temple) which at 375 li. the talon, cometh in the whole to 150000 pounds English: also 200 Centiners of gold, which at 4500 li. the talon, amounteth to 900000 li. jason that wicked Priest deceived his brother Onias of the office of high Priest, and gave to king Antiochus for it, first, Cap. 4. v. 8. & 19.2, 4. 360 Talents of silver; then 80; after, 150: all the common Weight, which were in the whole 590 Talents, and amounted at 187 li. 10 s. The Talon, to 110625 li. The wicked jason being high Priest, hearing that Antiochus held a great feast in Tyrus, sent 300 Drachmas of silver, that is, 9 li. 7 s. 6. d. for a sacrifice to Hercules. But if you change these into Hungarian ducats (as there are some think them to be Gold) than they came to 112 li. 10 s. Menelaus being sent by jason the high Priest to the King, he behaved himself in such cunning manner, that he got the high priests office; promising the King 300 Centiners or Talents of silver, more than jason would give; which at 187 li. 10 s. the Talon cometh to 56250 li. 10 s. But being unable to perform his promise, he was put from his office of high Priest. Antiochus' paid yearly to the Romans 2000 talents of silver, that is, Cap. 8. v. 10. 375000 li. Antiochus took 1800 Centiners or Talents of silver of the Temple of jerusalem, Cap. 5. v. 21, which at 187 li. 10 s. the talon cometh to 3375000 li. Nicanor caused to be proclaimed, that he would sell the captive jews, 19 for a centiner, that is, Cap. 8. v. 10. for every jew 9 li. 17 s. 4 d. q. c. judas Macchabeus sent 2000 Drachmas of silver to jerusalem for a sin offering, that is, Cap. 12.43. 62 li. 10 s. Now followeth the Reckon of the moneys in the NEW TESTAMENT. And first of Matthew. Cap. 5. HHe that agreeth not with his adversary, shall be cast into prison and not come forth (so saith our Saviour Christ) until he hath paid the utmost farthing. The Hebrew and Latin translations have it, Quadrants, or a fourth part, that is, a farthing in our money: but if you account according to the Roman coin, it was ob. q. Cap. 10. v. 29. Do not men buy to Sparrows for a penny? that is, something more than half a farthing. Cap. 17. v. 25. When our Saviour Christ went into Capernaum, the receivers of tribute spoke to Peter, saying, Doth not your Master pay tribute? The tribute money in the Text is called Didrachma, which was 15 d. for so much every man paid for tribute: from whence may be gathered, that the penny that Peter took out of the fishes mouth, was worth 2 s. 6 d. Cap. 18. v. 23. The kingdom of Heaven is like unto a King that would call his servants to account, and when he began to reckon with them the one ought him 10000 li. in Hebrew weight; which at 37 s. 6 d. the pound, cometh in the whole to 18750 li. so much was the wicked servant in debt to his Master. And on the contrary, one of his fellow servants ought him 100 pence: in the Hebrew text it is Centum Obulus, and one Obulus was 1 d. q. that is, 10 s. 5 d. so that the bad servant ought his Master 30000 times more than his fellow servant ought him. The Greek text saith, that this fellow ought him Centum Derius; that is, 3 li. 2 s, 6 d. which is yet a great deal of difference; for the wicked servant ought his master above 6000 times more than his fellow servant ought him. Cap. 2. v. 5. The Lord of the Vineyard agreed with his labourers for a penny a day; in the Hebrew text it is zuza; and in Greek Denarius; both which are of like value English, that is, 7 d. ob. so much each labourer had by the day. When the Pharises & Herod's servants tempting Christ, asked him whether it was lawful to pay tribute unto Caesar or not: Christ answered and said, You Hypocrites, why tempt you me? show me the tribute money, and they brought him a penny; where it is expressed by the word of zuza, or Denarius that is 7 d. ob. The kingdom of heaven is like unto a man, Mat. 25.14.15. that travelling into a fare country, called his servants, and delivered unto them his goods; to one he gave five talents; that is, 937 li. 10 s. with which he gained just as much more, that is, 937 li. 10 s. to the second he gave two Talents of the common weight also, which was 375 li. and he also gained just as much more, that is, 375 li. and to the third he gave one Talon, that is, 187 li. 10 s. and he gained nothing with it, but hide the Talon in the earth. judas Iscariot betrayed our Saviour Christ for thirty pence or pieces of silver, which were so many sicles of the Temple, Cap. 26. v. 14. each sickle being half an ounce, which were accounted worth 2 s. 6 d. so the whole came to 3 li. 15 s. for which our Saviour Christ was betrayed. And with it they bought a Potter's field. Mark. Our Saviour Christ sat over against the treasury, Ca 12. v. 41, 42. and beheld how the people cast into the Treasury: and many rich men cast in much; and there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which is a farthing, or Quadrants, which was the fourth part of an Assis, being almost a penny English. Our Saviour Christ being at Bethanie in the house of Simon the Leper, Cap. 14. v. 15. there came a woman having a box of ointment of costly oil called Spikenard, and she broke the box and poured it upon his head; therefore some murmured among themselves, and said, To what end is this waist of ointment? for it might have been sold for more than three hundred denarios or pence, that is, 9 li. 7 s. 6 d. Luke. Our Saviour Christ saith, Are not five Sparrows sold for two farthings? that is, Assibus duobus, Cap. 12. v. 6. which is 1 d. ob. Or what woman having ten pieces of silver, that is, Cap. 15. v. 8. ten Drachmas or groats, (each being worth 7 d. ob.) and lose one, will not seek till she find it, etc. So these 10 were in English money 6 s. 3 d. Cap. 19 v. 12. A certain Nobleman went into a fare country to receive for himself a kingdom: and he called his ten servants, and delivered them ten pieces of money, or ten pounds, or Mina's (according to the weight of the Temple) which came to (at 3 li. 2 s. 6 d. the Mina) in the whole 31 li. 5 s. john. Cap. 6. v. 5. WHen our Saviour Christ would feed 5000 men, besides women and children, he said unto Philip, Where might we buy bread that these people might eat? (which he spoke to prove Philip.) Philip answered and said, That 200 penny worth of bread will not be sufficient for them that every man might take a little. The 200 penny worth of bread are called Denarios, which was worth 7 d. ob. in our money, and in the whole is worth 6 li. 5 s. From whence may be gathered, that there being 5000, every one of them should have had no more bread than might have been bought with a farthing mite and half of our silver. Cap. 12. v. 5. As our Saviour Christ six days before the Passeover was eating in the house of Lazarus, (whom he had raised from the dead in Bethania,) Mary, Lazarus sister took a box, some say a pound of oil of Spikenard, and anointed jesus feet, and wiped them with her hair; and the whole house was filled with the savour of the ointment. Then said one of his Disciples, even judas Iscariot, Simons son, Why was not this ointment sold for 300 pence; that is, denarios; every denarios being worth 7 d. ob. which amounted in the whole to 9 li. 7 s. 6 d. Cap. 19 v. 39 When Christ's body was to be buried, Nicodemus came and brought Myrrh and Aloes mingled together, about 100 pound weight according to the common weight, which was 2500 half ounces and came to 78 pounds and eight ounces, English. Acts. IN Asia many books were burnt to the value of 50000 pieces of silver, that is, Roman denarios, every of which was 7 d. ob. the whole amounting to 1562 li. 10 s. Thus have I briefly set forth to you the several weights that were common amongst the jews, both as they were originally from themselves, and as they received them from other Nations, comparing them with the Scriptures as they are severally mentioned, and reduced them to our valuations. In casting up of which, if there shall chance to be any error, you may with the due examination of the worth of every piece of silver or Gold (according as you may find them at the beginning of this Treatise) easily reform them, and bring them to your own understanding. Of the ancient Money and Coin that was used amongst the Grecians and Romans. FRom what hath been said, may be gathered, that the jews used no Coin but Weights only, though perhaps to put a distinction between those Weights, there was used some impression: yet that cannot properly be said Coin. But in all other Kingdoms (where money was currant) there was used Coin; and that valued according to the will of command of the Prince or State where it was coined: which also because of the captivity of the jews, came amongst them, and past as currant according to their worth; of which Coins I have already spoken. Yet because there are many other Coins and Weights mentioned in the Epistles of the Apostles, which were partly of the Grecians, partly of the Romans, into which governments most of them traveled; I will therefore endeavour to set before you the valuation of the Grecian and Roman Coins and Weights reduced ro our valuation and Weights, that so those moneys mentioned in the New Testament, and in this Treatise omitted, may with the more facility be apprehended and made plain unto you. Of the Grecian coin; and first of their Silver and Brass Nummus or Money. The Attic Drachma. AN Attic Drachma was a proportion for almost all the Greek moneys: for the Grecians numbered their moneys by Drachmas, as the Romans by Sestertia's. [This was the Nummus or coin amongst the Athenians] and was the eighth part of an ounce, which is worth in our money 7 d. ob. The Stater, which was also called Tetradrachma, upon the one side whereof was the head of Minerva, upon the other the Owl: was worth four Attic Drachmas, as is manifest Matth. 17.25. which is in our money 2 s. 6 d. The Didrachma, which was also amongst the Athenians, called Bos, because it was signed with the similitude of an Ox upon the one side of it (of this Theseus was the first author) as Plutarch remembreth: it was worth half a Stater, or two Drachmas, that is in our money 15 d. The Tridrachma, which was three Drachmas, and worth in our money 23 d. ob. The Obulus Atticus, which was the sixth part of an Attic Drachma, was worth of our money 1 d. q. The Semiobulus, which was the least of the Greek silver coin, was worth ob. q. There was also a Diobulus, which was the third part of a Drachma, and worth 2 d. ob. Triobulus, which was half a Drachma, and worth 3 d. ob. q. Tetrobulus, which contained two third parts of a Drachma, and was worth 5 d. English. The Egina Drachma. The Drachma of Aegina contained ten Attic Obulus, and was worth 1 s. ob. English. Obulus Aeginus, was the sixth part of the Drachma of Aegina, and was worth 2 d. half farthing and a third part of a farthing. Triobulus Aeginaeus, was half an Aeginus Drachma, and of ours was worth 6 d. q. Stater Corinthius, was worth ten Obulus of Aegina, and of ours 1 s. 8 d.ob.q. Stater Macedonius, was worth in ours 2 s. 9 d.q. and three seconds of a farthing. Of the Asiaticke silver. THe Asiaticke money was of less valuations, and other denominations than the rest of Greece; for the greatest of their silver Coin that was usually currant, was but ten pence: and it was called by the name Siglus, which was worth seven Attic Obulus and a half, as Xenophon saith: but as Hesychius saith, it was worth eight Attic Obulus, and four scruples, which is 10. d. in our money. Cistophorus was also Asiatick silver, and was so called, Lucian in Caront. Suid. loi. allegat Hesych. in. because of the image that was upon it: and was worth of our money 4 d. ob. c. Danaces, which piece of money the Grecians usually put into the mouth of the dead, to pay Charon for their passage to Elysium war worth ob. q. and two third parts of a farthing. They had but two sorts of brass money, Of the Brass money among the Grecians. that is mentioned to continue currant among them; and they were Aereolum and Minutum. Aereolum was worth the sixth part of an Attic Obulus, according to the opinion of Suidas and others, which in our money is q. c. and one third part of a mite. Minutum, is the seventh part of that, which is little more than half a mite. Of the gold coins among the Grecians. IN the next place, is to be described the quantity and valuation of their gold coins, of which there is any mention in ancient authors: and they were among the Athenians an Attic Stater which weighed two Drachmas, as Pollux saith, and was worth with us 15 s. and a Daricus which was worth 15 s. A Stater was divided into these parts, that is, A Semi Stater. which was worth 7 s. 6 d. A Tetrestater, of which Aristotle and Pollux speaketh li. 9 which was worth of our money 3 li. And the Macedonian golden Stater, coined by Philip, Alexander, Lysimachus, Demetrius, and others, which succeeded in Macedonia, Syria, and Asia, which was worth of our money 18 s. 4. d. Of the Asiaticke Gold. STater Daricus, which before was called Adarchon, was a Nummus or a piece of coin of the Persians, and worth a Didrachma, having upon it the similitude of a Sagitarius, according to Plutarch, in the life of Agesilaus, and was worth with us 15 s. Xenophon lib. 1 Semi Darcius, of which there is mention in Xenophon, was worth half a Darick Stater, and weighed an Attic Drachma, which was worth with us 7 s. 6 d. Cizycenus was a piece of coin so called, as may be thought of a town called Cizycus, of which you may read Strabo, lib. 14. and was worth 7 s. 6 d. Of the Grecian Mina and Talents. THe Attic minas weigh one hundred Drachmas, and was equal to the Mina of the Temple amongst the jews, according to the opinion of Xenophon and Plutarch, and was worth with us 3 li. 2 s. 6 d. There were diverse kinds of Talents, according to the opinions of Pollux and Varro, most of which weighed sixty Minaes, and a Mina one hundred Drachmas, and for the most part, six thousand Drachmas (of the Country where the Talon was) make a Talon. The Attic Talon contained six thousand Attic Drachmas, according to the opinion of Pollux and Festus, and is equal to the common Talon among the jews, worth in our money 187 li. 10 s. But according to the opinion of Livy and Priscianus, there was an Attic Talon worth eight thousand Drachmas, which was 250 li. The Egyptian Talon, according to the opinion of Pliny and Varro, weighed as much, that is, 250 li. The Syrian Talon contained 1500 Attic Drachmas, which was 46 li. 17 s. 6 d. The Eubeian Talon (according to the opinion of Pompey, and Festus) weighed four thousand Denarios, that is, Drachmas, and was worth 125 li. The Rhodian talon contained 4500 Attic Drachmas, worth 240 li. 12 s. 6 d. The Babylonian Talon was 7000 Attic Drachmas, worth 218 li. 15 s. The Aegina talon was 1000 Attic Drachmas, that is 312 li. 15 s. The Alexandrian talon is 12000 Attic Drachmas, which was as much as the talon of the Temple, which is 375 li. English. The ancient Talentum Siculum (according to the opinion of Pollux) was six Drachmas, which was 3 s. 9 d. English. The Neapolitan talon was as much, according to the opinion of Varro, that is, 3 s. 9 d. English. The ancient Talentum Siculum, and the Sicilian talon (as Varro saith) is all one, and is worth 1 s. 10 d. ob. The Regan talon was but half a Drachma, and is worth 3 d. ob. q. Of the Coins and Monies of the ancient Romans: and first of the Brass Money. AS (as Varro saith) is as much as Aes, that is, brass: For Aerius was a coin weighing a pound weight: but after many changes that happened in the Roman State, it came to be worth the tenth part of a Roman penny, which with us is worth ob. q. Semissis, is as much as half an As: according to Varro, and was worth q.c. Triens, that is, the third part of an As, which was half a farthing. Quadrants, was the fourth part of as As. Pliny calls it Triuncis; Cicero, Triunus, because it was a diminution of the former pound containing three ounces; and with us worth three mites. Sextans, that is, the sixth part of an Assis, which was worth q. or two mites. Vncia, the twelfth part of an Assis, worth one might c. Semiuncia, worth half a mite. Sextula, that is, the sixth part of an ounce, worth the sixth part of a mite. These are the ancient brass moneys usual amongst the Romans; but there were greater used in later times, according to the opinion of Varro. Of the silver money amongst the Romans. DEnarias was so called because it was worth ten Asses; but it was not always of one worth and estimation amongst the Romans, for the ancient Roman Denarius or penny, which was currant in the time of the Consuls, weighed but the seventh part of an ounce (according to the opinion of Celsus and many other Authors) and was worth of our money 8 d. ob. c. and one seventh part of a might. Denarius Novus, or the new penny, was first coined in Claudius the Emperor's time, and was worth (according to the opinion of Pliny and others) precisely a Drachma, that is, 7 d. ob. Bigatus and Quadrigatus, is all one with the Roman Penny, and was so called, because these words were stamped upon one side of it, and was worth 7 d. ob. Victoriatus, was a Coin first brought up by the law of Clodius amongst the Romans, being so called, because the image of Victory was upon it; and according to Pliny was half a Denarius, and is worth 3 d. ob. Sestertius is so called of Sesquitertiers, according ro Priscian, it was two Asses and a half, and was worth 3 ob. q. Obulus, is the sixth part of a Denarius, and worth 1 d. q. Libella, is the tenth part of a Denarius, and worth ob.q. Simbella, so called, because it was half a Libella, and was worth farthing and half. Teruntius, was the fourth part of a Denarius, and was worth two mites and a half. Of the gold among the Romans. THere were also gold denarius amongst the Romans; either so called because they had the same stamp; or else because they were about the same bigness to see to, coined in the time of the Consuls, worth in English money 17 s.ob. a piece. The other was coined later, about the beginning of the Emperors, and weighed two Drachmas; being of equal weight with our English Spur-royals, which are worth 15 s. This was after the first five Emperors, much diminished in weight: Nero made it lighter by two or three grains; Galba, Nerua, Trajanus, and Hadrianus, by eight grains: but those that Vespasian and succeeding Emperors coined, were precisely two Drachmas. A Semissis of gold, weighed a just Drachma, and was worth 7 s. 6 d. A tremissis of gold, which was three parts of an Is, was worth 5 s. Of the gold after the seat of the Empire was translated to Byzantium or Constantinople. COnstantine the Great diminished that Coin which was a Drachma, to a Didrachma, and the seventh part of a Drachma; and was worth of our money 8 s. 6 d. ob. And thus they continued till the time of Valentinian the Emperor, who caused six of them to be coined out of an ounce of gold, and therefore as Isidor saith, were called amongst the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, that is, Sextuala, because it was the sixth part of an ounce, and was worth 10 s. The Semissis of Valentinian gold was worth 5 s. The Triens or Tremissis, was worth 3 s. 4 d. The Scruple, which was the fourth part of a golden shilling, 2 s. 6 d. Of the silver and brass money of the Empire; after it was translated to Constantinople. MIliarissimum weigh two Drachmas (according to the opinion of Cedrenus) and was worth 15 d. Ceratus, was a piece of Coin called also Siliqua Cornuta, because there was stamped upon it, the Moon increasing; by which mark it was known to be more than the common Ceratio or Siliqua, and was worth 7 d. ob. The common Siliqua or Ceratio, was so called because it was worth four grains of gold (which is the weighs of a * A silique is the fruit of a Charob tree, which carrieth certain sweet cod or husks about 5 inches long, and as broad as a man's thumb; six Carobs or Carob Beane cod weighed a Drachma or Carack: Silique) and according to justinian was worth 5d. Follis of which there is often mention in the History of Eusebius, was a brass, or (as Lampadius saith) an iron coin, so called because there was stamped upon it the similitude of a leaf, and was worth farthing half and one third. Of the Roman sums of Money. A Sestertium (being taken in the neuter Gender) containeth a thousand Sestertios, and is worth 7 li. 16 s. 3 d. A pound weight containing twelve ounces of silver, which is worth, 3 li. A talon containing, 24 Sestertias, 6000 Denarios; being of equal weight & worth to the Attic talon, & is worth 187 li. 10 s. I will also add that which is called Sportula, because it was a certain small sum of 400 Quadrants, which maketh 10 Sestertios, of which you may read in Suetonius in the life of Domitian Nero, and contained 1 s. 6 d. ob.q. The Hebrew, Greek, and Latin Measures reduced to ours, whereby you may find the quantity of all such Measures as are mentioned in the Old and New Testament. But now having briefly and as exactly as I can, described the Weights and valuations of the ancient monies that were currant amongst the jews, Grecians, and Romans, as well those tha● are mentioned in the Scripture as others; It resteth (that I might make this a perfect Work to say something of the Measures mentioned in the Scriptures which I will (as near as I can) reduce to the quantity of our Measures which are common amongst us. Of the Corn Measures. A Gomer is a gallon or thereabout with us, according to Budaeus, in Mensuris Hebr. An Attic Chenix (according to Budaeus) is the third part of a Gomer or half Modius, which measure is almost 3 pints. Stater was a measure containing 3 Gomers or Simodio's, and is with us 3 gallons and 3 pints, or thereabouts. An Epha was as much as a Medimnicus Atticus, which according to the opinion of some Authors is a pottle less than our bushel: but if you follow the proportion of Budaeus, it is ten Gomers or gallons or more, which is a bushel and a peck of our measure and more. A Letech is the half of a Corus, and contained 5 Epha's or Attic Medimnos, i. according to Budaeus, six bushels and a peck. A Cor or Corus, following the same proportion, was two Letech, i ten Attic Medimnoes; and of ours 12 bushels and half. Of the measures of Wine and Beer. HEmina (according to Georgius Agricola & Budaeus) was three quarters of a pint. A Sextarius was two Hemina's, i. a pint and a half. A Lag was as much. A Congius contained 6 Sextario's, i 9 pints. A Hin was 12 Sextario's, i 18 pints. A God was 60 Sextario's, i 45 quarts. A Bath was 72 Sextario's, i 54 quarts. A Homer was a great measure containing 720 Sextario's, that ●●, 67 gallons and a pottle. An Vrna, according to Capulis, contained 24 Sextario's, that is, ●6 pints, which make 4 gallons and a half of our common mea●●re. But according to Budaeus account it comes but to 3 gallons ●●d a half or thereabouts. An Amphora was a measure common amongst the Grecians, which there is mention made of three sorts, the one containing three gallons and a pottle; the other 8 Congio's or 48 Sextario's, which was 9 gallons of our measure. The third (as Pliny saith) was an Amphora, which contained 20 gallons and a half. A Modius contained 16 Sextario's, which was 24 pints, that is 3 gallons or thereabouts; but according to the opinion of some Authors, it is but a peck and some small matter more. A Semimodius was 8 Sextario's, that is, a gallon and half. A Gomer was somewhat less than a Semimodius, and contained but 7 Sextario's and a fifth part of a Sextario, which is some ten pints and a quarter and three spoonfuls. A Quartarius contained one Sextarios and a half, which was a quart and the fourth part of a pint. A spoonful. A Cyame's is two spoonfuls. A Mystrus and Cyame's according to the opinion of some is all one. A Cyathus contains 4 spoonfuls. An Hemila Cottila is six times so much, which is 24 spoonfuls, i three quarters of a wine pint. The Measures mentioned in the old Testament. And first of GENESIS. Cap. 18. v. 6. WHen Abraham received three strange men, he went to his wife Sara into the tent and said, Make ready at once thre● measures of fine meal; which according to some Divines wa● 3 Zatas; according to others, 44 Sextarios, which was of our measure, at a pint and a half the Sextarios, a bushel and a quart. Exodus. Cap. 16. v. 31: 33.34.37. MOses said to Aaron, Take a pot of the quantity of a Gome● (which was seven Sextario's and a fift part, and is of o● measure a gallon, a quart and four spoonfuls) to keep for yo● posterity. In the same chapter Moses saith, That a Gomer is t●● tenth part of an Ephah, which, as is said, is more than our bushe●▪ You shall present upon the altar two lambs of a year old every day, the one lamb in the morning, and the other in the evening; Cap. 29. v. 49. and to each lamb the tenth part of an Ephah (which was 5 quarts and half a pint) of fine flower, with the fourth part of an Hin (i 4 pints) of wine for a drink offering. The anointing oil of the Sanctuary was made of the best and sweetest spices that could be gotten, viz. of Myrrh 500 sicles, Cap. 30.33. or 250 ounces; of Calamus 125 ounces, of Cinnamon 125 ounces. All this was mixed with an Hin (i 18 pints) of oil Olive, as the Apothecaries make it. Leviticus. He that sinned, Cap. 5. v. 11. and was not able to bring two Turtle Doves or two young Pigeons for an offering, he must bring the 10 part of an Ephah of fine flower, that is, ten pints and a half. When the Leper was visited and found to be infected with the leprosy, Cap. 14. 19 the eight day after he was to take two he lambs of a year old, without blemish, and an Ewe lamb of a year old without blemish, and three tenth parts (that is, fifteen quarts a pint and half) of fine flower for a meat Offering, mingled with a Log of oil, that is, a pint and half. Numbers. TO a meat offering was added the fourth part of an Hin (that is, 4 pints and a half) of oil, and as much wine, Cap. 15. v. ● & the third part of an Hin (that is, six pints) of oil, and as much wine. Some say half a Hin, that is 9 pints of oil, and as much wine. Deuteronomie. THere shall be two sorts of Epha's within thine house; Cap. 25. v. 13.14.15. which concludes there was a greater and a lesser. judges. WHen Gideon would set upon the Midianites, Cap. 7. v. 16. he gave each of his soldiers a Trumpet in one hand, and an empty pitcher in the other hand with lamps therein. These pitchers were called Cados minores, as some say, that is, oil Cannes, like lamps wherein they used to set Tedae nuptiales, or Bride candles. For such was the usual custom in those days, that the Bridegroom went to fetch his Bride by night, and then certain Virgins were appointed to bear the wedding candles or lamps before them. Whereof our Saviour Christ made that notable similitude of the 10 virgins that went to meet the Bridegroom, Matth. Chap. 25. This difference is herein to be noted, That in the lamps of the Virgins whereof our Saviour Christ speaks there was oil, but in gideon's pitchers there was no oil, but they were empty oil Pitchers with thick bellies and narrow necks, wherein stood lamps or candles, such might be called Cados minores, being not very great, but so light that they might easily be carried in one hand without trouble: but what their measure was is not specified. Ruth. Cap. 2. v. 31. THe young widow Ruth the Moabite was not slothful nor yet idle, but went into Boas field, where she gleaned so many ears of corn after the reapers in one day, that at night when she had threshed the ears it was an Ephah, i. a bushel or thereabouts; for there were two kinds of Ephahs, as you may read before. Cap. 3. When Ruth laid herself down at the feet of Boas, and desired him that he would marry her; in the morning when Boas rose he gave her six measures of Gomers, i six gallons of Barley or thereabouts. I Samuel. Cap. 17.17. WHen Saul was gone out to fight against the Philistimes, and that Goliath daily mocked the host of the Israelites, the Lord stirred up Ishai the father of David, to send him to his brethren to the Host, with an Ephah of parched corn, that is, a bushel or thereabouts. Cap. 25. v. 28. David being upon the way, meaning to destroy the fool Nabal▪ Abigale, Nabals' Wife, a very wise and discreet woman, went to meet him, and finding David she appeased his wrath with a Present of 200 loves of bread, two bottles of wine, five sheep ready dressed, and five Zatas (i 15 Gomers, which is 15 gallons and somewhat more) of fine flower, 100 frails of Raisins, and 100 of Figs; which, jaded upon an Ass, etc. I Kings. THe molten Sea that stood upon the 12 knops like Cucumbers, was very curiously made of diverse sorts of metals, Cap. 7. v. 23.25. being ten cubits wide and 5 high: it held 2000 baths, that is, 27000 gallons English, or thereabouts; every bath containing (according to the opinion of josephus) 72 Sextario's, that is, at a pint and a half the Sextarius, 13 gallons and a half. King Solomon caused 10 copper Kettles to be made, Cap. 7. v. 38. that stood upon ten stoles, each kettle containing forty Baths, every bath 72 Sextario's, which come to 13 gallons and a half English; so that every kettle contained 540 gallons. When the Prophet Eliah desired the widow of Sarepta to fetch him a little water and a bit of bread, she answered and said, Cap. 17. v. 12. 13▪ 14: As true as the Lord your God liveth I have not any bread, but only a hand full of flower in a Cab (which was a kind of Vessel that held eight quarts) and a little oil in a pitcher. And Eliah said unto her, Thy meal, etc. The Prophet Eliah being upon mount Carmel about the time of the evening sacrifice, Ca 18. v. 32.34. built up an altar in the sight of the whole congregation of the people of Israel, and laid wood upon it, and upon the wood an Ox cut in pieces for a sacrifice, and caused a ditch to be digged round about it, of such wideness and depth, as might contain two Zatas, that is six Gomers and something more; about six gallons and a half of our measure. And there was 12 Cads (that is 175 gallons) of water cast on the sacrifice; but when Eliah called upon the name of the Lord, fire fell from heaven and devoured the sacrifice, dried up the water, and burned the wood and stones of the altar to dust. TWO Kings. Cap 6.25. WHen Benhadad King of Syria besieged Samaria, there was such a famine and dearth in the City, that they sold an Ass' head for 80 silverlings (that is, common sicles, which is 5 li. English;) but some Texts read it, 8 silverlings, that is, 10 s. And the fourth part of a Cab, (that is, a pint and half of Pigeons dung) was sold for five pieces of silver, that is, for 6 s. 3 d. When the Syrians were stricken by the Lord and fled from the siege of Samaria, corn became so cheap (according to the prophecy of Elisha) that under the gates of Samaria one Zata (which contained 24 Sextarios, that is, half a strike and a pottle of fine flower) was sold for 15 d. and two Zatas of Barley was sold for 15 d. TWO Chronicles. Cap. 2. SOlomon gave to the Carpenters, etc. that cut and hewed down wood in Mount Libanus, for the building of the Temple, 20000 Corus of Wheat, and 20000 of Barley; every Corus containing ten Medimnos Atticos, which according to Budeus account, came to 12 Bushels and a half English, and in the whole to 150000 Bushels. But if you account it according to the opinion of some of our English Authors, it comes but to nine Bushels and seven gallons and a pottle the Medimna, and in the whole to 198750 Bushels. And beside, Solomon gave them 20000 Baths of Wine and as much oil; every Bath containing 13 gallons and a pottle, which amounted to in the whole, 8437 Barrels and a half. The Measures mentioned in the New Testament. And first of Matthew. Cap. 13.33. THe kingdom of God is like unto piece of Leaven, which a woman taketh and putteth into three Measures or Zatas of meal, which make a Bushel. Luke. When the unjust Steward called his master's debtors to account, Cap. 16. v. 9 the first was debtor 100 Baths of Oil, that is 51 barrels and 18 gallons; and he bid him write down half, that is, 25 barrels and a half. The second debtor ought 100 Corus of wheat, which at 9 bushels and 7 gallons the Corus, comes to 988 bushels, or thereabouts; and the unjust Steward willed him to set down 80 Corus, that is 790 bushels and one gallon and a half. So the unjust Steward deceived his master of 25 Barrels and a half of Oil, and of 198 bushels and one gallon of Wheat, and gave it to his master's creditors. john. AT the marriage at Cana in Galilee our Saviour Christ changed the 6 pitchers of water into wine, Cap. 2. v. 1.11. every pitcher containing 2 or 3 Cads, every God holding 60 Sextario's, that is, 11. gallons and a quart, or thereabouts. Some say, that the first three pitchers held each three Cads or Metreta's, which if it should be so, every of them should hold 33 gallons and 3 quarts: then say the other three held each 2 Metreta's a piece, that is, 22 gallons and a pottle a piece; then the whole that our Saviour Christ gave unto the Bride and Bridegroom, amounted to 168 gallons and 3 quarts or thereabouts. Revel. 6.6. I Herd a voice saying, A Chenix (that is, 3 pints of wheat) for a Denarius (that is, 7 d. ob.) There being 85 times so much, and a quart over, in a bushel, it would amount unto 51 s. 8 d. the Bushel, or thereabouts, which would be a great dearth. Here is to be observed, that the Grecians in times past were very strict in their house keeping, & for that cause confined their servants to certain measure; that is, to a Chenix, which was three pints of meat; and to a Sextarius, which was a pint and a half of Wine for every day: and by this means the master could readily tell what his servant's meat and drink would cost him in a year, that is 365 Chenix; which in our measure at 3 pints the Chenix, comes to 8 bushels 2 pecks and a pint; & 365 pints of wine, that is, 45 gallons a pottle and a pint: so much did every servant eat and drink in a year. But God fed the Israelites 40 years in the wilderness with a greater quantity; for he gave each man daily an Omer (that is, 3 Chenixes) of Manna, i. a Gallon and something more. Cicero in his 8 oration for Verres writes, that a Modius of wheat (which was a peck wanting a pint) was commonly sold in Sicilia for 3 Sestertios, about 6 d. sterling, and so much had every servant in Grecia daily, and a pint of wine to drink. These customs, howsoever in these countries they might be tolerable, in regard they lived in a hot climate; yet to us, where it is much colder, our bodies require a greater quantity for nourishment: nevertheless a mean and spare diet is both more healthful and profitable for the body, than excess; because the stomach being surcharged, it cannot duly concoct that which it receiveth, whereby the body is filled with many crudities and noisome diseases. And thus have I as exactly as I can, reduced the Hebrew, Greek and Latin measures to ours: but if there be any who in casting up these quantities of measures mentioned in the Scripture shall chance to find any error, or would reduce them to a more near estimation (because I have in this treatise principally followed Budaeus) to our measures, he is then to understand that there is an other course to be taken, namely by weight; four ordinary spoonfuls of water weigh an ounce, 12 ounces of Troy weight make a pound, eight pounds of Troy weight make a Gallon, and 32 Gallons make a barrel, etc. The same course may be taken in the account of corn measures, there going 8 gallons after the same proportion to a bushel. So that what I have set down may be rectified by your own industry, and made more capable to your understanding. Examples collected out of profane Histories, by which you may perceive the profit that may arise by the due use of this Treatise, to all such as read the Grecian and Roman Histories. IN the time of Claudus Emperor of Rome there was so great a famine (according to the prophecy of Agabus, Acts 1) that a Modins, that is a peck wanting a pint of wheat, was sold at six Drachmas, which at 7 d. ob. the Drachma comes to 3 s. 9 d. English. This great famine is specified by Suetonius and Dion, where they say, that but a little before the same measure of Wheat was worth but 4 Sestertia's, which was 7 d. ob. English. Of Pythius King of Lydia. Herodot. 7. PYthius King of Lydia, who entertained that mighty Emperor Xerxes and all his Army, would have lent him 3 millions of talents of silver towards the charge of his war; which according to the Attic talon (that is, 187 li. 10 s. the talon,) amounts to 562 millions five hundred pounds. And further he would add to it four millions of Daricons, which at 15 s. the Daricon cometh to three millions of pounds. But Xerxes being greatly pleased with this hospitality and liberality, that he might make evident his noble disposition refused his offer, and gave him by way of gratuity 7000 Daricoes, which was in our money 5250 li. Of Croesus the mighty King of Lydia. THis King Croesus sent an Ambassador to Delphos, to ask the Idol of Apollo if he should prosper in the wars he took in hand against Cyrus' King of Persia; withal sending diverse rich Presents, and amongst the rest, a Lion of gold most cunningly wrought, weighing 100 Talents, every Talon weighing 4500 li. which in the whole amounted to 450000 li. Moreover, two cups, whereof one was fine gold cunningly wrought, weighing 8 Talents and a half, which at 4500 li. the Talon, cometh to 36000 li. the other cup was made by that noble workman Theodorus Sanius of pure silver, very curiously & artificially wrought containing forty gallons; but of what valuation it was, is not set down. For this great and rich present, King Croesus received of the Devil a double and deceitful answer, whereby he was not only provoked to make war against Cyrus, but by that means lost his kingdom; and being taken prisoner, he was set upon a pile of wood to be burnt: but crying with a loud voice, O Solon, Solon, (thereby showing, that wise Solon had foretold him, That no man is to be accounted happy before his end.) King Cyrus granted him his life. This recompense did the Devil return to Croesus for so great a Present. Such and many other the like histories by this book may be understood. The first rule for Drachmas. IF you have any number of Drachmas, divide them by 8, and the production will be English Crowns, according to Budaeus 100 Drachmas make a Mina, which is about 12 Crowns, or 3 li. sterling. The second rule of Mina's. THe Mina multiplied by 12, the production is Crowns: for twelve Crowns English is a Roman Mina, or a Mina of the Temple; 125 Mina's makes a Talon: so that multiply 125 by 12, and the production will be 1500 crowns, which maketh a Talon. The third rule of Talents. THe Talon multiplied by 12, the production is crowns. For 125 Mina's being multiplied by 12 makes 1500 crowns English which is a Talon; and 3000 crowns is two Talents, etc. by which means you may reduce all Drachmas and other less weights mentioned in the Scriptures to Mina's, and Talents; and these again into crowns. But concerning the distinction of Talents, you may read before. Notwithstanding observe this, That if you chance to read of any Talon, Mina, or Sickle in the Scripture, whereto there is not an addition of the King's Talon, or, the Talon of the Temple (as I have said) you may then presume that it is the common Talon. And this shall suffice for the Weights, Measures, and Monies mentioned in the Scriptures. FINIS. A Catalogue of the principal Authors out of whom this foregoing Treatise of Weights and Measures, etc. was gathered. AMbrosius Calapinus. Aulus Gellius. Cassarus Peucerus. Athenaeus. Flavius joseph. Galenus. Gulihelmus Budaeus. Hesychius. Saint Jerome. joachim Camerarius. johannes Avenarius. johannes Fosterus. julius Pollux. Martin Luther. Matthew Hostius. Paulus Eberus. Philip Melancthon. Priscian Grammaticus. Sebastian Munster. Septuaginta Interpretes. Suidas. Volutius Metianus. The due proportion of Weights and Measures are also found in Myropolis. Itinerarium Novi Testamenti. Wherein is contained the Travels of the Virgin MARY, and JOSEPH; also of the Wisemen of the East, of our Saviour jesus Christ, and of his Apostles. But since I have briefly related the Travels of the ancient Patriarches, judges, Kings and Prophets, (which things I know cannot be unprofitable unto such as are judicious) mentioned in the old Testament; that I might make a perfect end of what I have begun, I will proceed and show unto you the travels of all the holy men and women mentioned in the new Testament: where by due observation of this discourse you may well understand, that as all the nations of the world were derived from one man, that is, Adam; so all the Righteous and such as are to be saved are derived from one man, that is, Christ jesus. For as by the first Adam sin came into the world, and by sin, death and damnation; so by the second Adam that sin is pardoned, and man made partaker of eternal happiness. And that these things might be the more apparent unto thee, I have described the Towns, Cities, and places mentioned in their several Travels; both what they were in former times, and what they are at this present: That so by the due consideration of both, thou mightst observe the mutation and change of estates; since through the revolution of times, those things which seem most permanent, have within the compass of a few years been subverted, and the ruins of those Cities which have been greatest, left to make evident lamentable examples of vast and unheard of destructions, from whence such as have any small knowledge of the Spirit, may draw such comfortable resolutions, that neither poverty can subvert them, nor riches and honour exalt them; but according to S. james, ca 1. They may possess themselves in peace; since neither the prosperity of the world is permanent, nor the adversity thereof intolerable. The knowledge of both which, how soever to some it may seem ridiculous, yet to such as are at all touched with the sense of worldly affairs, it cannot choose but take a deep impression, and draw them thence to the knowledge of Christ jesus and of his doctrine. To which end and for which purpose I have principally endeavoured to publish this Treatise, that so comparing the estate of man in this present world with the estate of grace in the world to come, they might perceive the impotency of the one, and the permanency of the other, and from both draw immoveable Axioms; That there can be no salvation where there is no humility, nor no prosperity where there is not a knowledge of Christ jesus in his humanity: and thence gather, That the afflictions of this world, to which he is most subject through the whole course of his life, is the ready means to honour and immortal glory. But that these things may the better appear unto thee, I will endeavour to lay before thee the beginning, and (so fare as the holy Scripture leads me) the ending of our Saviour. From whence thou mayst draw such comfortable resolutions, that in what estate soever thou art, whether in prosperity or adversity, thou mayst therewith rest content, etc. Of Zacharias the father of john Baptist. ZAcharias or Zachariahu signifies God's remembrance. This man was the father of john the Baptist, being a Priest of the Tribe of Aaron, and dwelling at a Town called Abia, of which you may read 1 Chr. 24. There were three famous men of this name, as Basilius saith. One that was a Prophet of the Lord, and lived 520 years before the birth of Christ, Zachar. 1. And another that was the son of jehoiada the high-Priest, who at the command of that ingrateful King joas, was stoned to death in the upper Court of the Temple, 2 Chr. 24. And a third which was this Zacharias the father of john Baptist, and son of Barachias, that is, The Blessed: who according to the opinion of Basil, was slain for no other cause but for saying that Christ was born of the Virgin Mary. This man had to wife Elizabeth, of the posterity of the high-Priest Aaron, and by her had a son called john, so 〈◊〉 of the Lord, who was afterward called john the Baptist. Elizabeth signifies The Rest of God, being derived of Eli and Scabbath, that is, The Rest and Sabbath of the Lord. The inhabitants of the Holy land take upon them even to this day to show the house where Zacharias & Elizabeth dwelled, in a town that standeth on the right hand of the way as you go from Emmaus to jerusalem. But saint Luke, ca 1. saith, That Zacharias dwelled not in a town or field, but i● the city of judah, which was situated in the mountain of judah. Risnerus and johannes Hedenus writ, That Zacharias dwelled in jerusalem, in that part of the city situated upon mount Bezetha, as in the first book of the description of jerusalem hath been declared. And this seemeth to be verified out of Nehemia, cap. 3. Yet there are some of opinion that he dwelled at Hebron, because that was the chief city of the tribe of juda, and a town of the Priests. The Travels of the Virgin Mary. Marry, if it be derived of Marah, signifieth such a person as is oppressed with carefulness and grief, one that is laid open to all misery and calamity, pressed with continual vexation and mourning. She was born upon the 8 day of September 14 years before the birth of Christ; and in the fifteenth of her age brought forth her only begotten son, according to S. Hierome and others. Her father's name was Eliakim, of the house of David. Upon the five and twentieth day of March in the same year that our Saviour Christ was born, Mary being then 14 years old, and the Angel Gabriel declared unto her the embassy of the Conception of our Lord jesus Christ. A little after, about the beginning of April, an. M. 3967, she went from Nazareth in great haste over the hills to jerusalem, 64 miles, to the house of Zacharias, and there saluted her cousin Elizabeth, Luk. 1. From thence she returned back again to Nazareth, which was 64 miles. And when the command came out from Augustus, that all the world should be taxed, than joseph and Mary went from Nazareth to Bethlehem, 72 miles: and there the time of Mary's deleverance drew near; and lo, she bore the Son of the living God, our Lord and Saviour Christ, Luke 2. From Bethlehem joseph and Mary brought the child jesus to jerusalem, and presented him in the Temple, which was 6 miles, Luke 2. And when they had accomplished all things according to the Law, they returned back again to Nazareth a town in Galilee, 64 miles. From Nazareth they went back again to Bethlem, 72 miles, Thither the Wise men coming out of the East brought the child jesus Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh, Mat. 2. From Bethlehem (the same night that Herod caused all the infants of two years old and under to be slain) joseph and Mary fled with the child jesus to Hermopolis a city in Egypt, which was 296 miles, Mat. 2. Zozom. lib. 6. From thence they returned back again with the child jesus to Nazareth, 368 miles: for they were greatly afraid lest Archilaus (who succeeded his father Herod in the government of the jews) would seek the child's life, Mat. 2. From Nazareth joseph and Mary came every year to jerusalem, which was 64 miles, to the feast of the Passeover, and so many miles back again; which for ten year's continuance came to 1280 miles. When Christ was twelve years of age, and at the beginning of the thirteenth, he went with his parents from Nazareth to the feast of the Passeover, which was 64 miles, Luke 2. And when the days of the feast of the Passeover were accomplished, they returned home again. But the child jesus stayed at jerusalem, and his parents knew it not, for they thought he had been among the company. Wherefore, when they had traveled a day's journey (that is, twenty miles) they miss their son. After, they searched through the company, but could not find him: wherefore they returned back to jerusalem being 20 miles where on the third day after they found him in the Temple, sitting among the Doctors, and disputing with them. So the next three days he returned back again with his parents to Nazereth, which was 64 miles, and was obedient to them, Luke 2. After, josoph and Mary went every year during the life of joseph, up to jerusalem to the Passeover, and without all doubt took jesus along with them. Thus they continued for the space of three years, about which time joseph died, Christ being then 16 years of age, which three years travel of Nazareth to jerusalem and back again, cometh to 384 miles. From that time forward he continued with his mother, till he was 31 years of age, which was the first year of his ministry. Marry his mother being then 45 years old, was invited to a marriage in Cana, a city of Galilee, which stood eight miles from Ga●ile towards the Northwest, john 2. Here our Saviour Christ wrought his first miracle, by changing water into Wine. From Cana in Galilee she went with our Saviour to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, a little before the feast of the Paschal Lamb, which was 20 miles. From Capernaum she returned back to Nazareth, which was accounted 12 miles. In the 32 year of the age of our Saviour Christ, which was ●he second of his ministry, Mary went from Nazareth back again to Capernaum, where our Saviour Christ cast forth a devil, Matt. 12. Matke 3. which was 12 miles. From thence she returned back again to Nazareth, which was 12 miles: for in this Town she dwelled, whiles jesus traveled from place to place teaching and preaching the word of God, Mark 6. And although she oftentimes went from Nazareth with him to many places, continuing still in his company; yet then specially, when he was to sustain the wrath of God, and punishment for the sin of man, which was in the 34 year of his age. In which year she would not forsake him till his death: for she went from Galilee to jerusalem with him, which was 64 miles, a great journey for one of her age (being then 48 years old.) And when our Saviour was crucified, she stood close by the cross with a heavy and pensive countenance, bewailing the death of her son. Then was the prophecy of old Simeon accomplished, And a sword shall pass through thy soul. But after, by his glorious resurrection and ascension, she was revived and comforted. From the passion of Christ to the death of the blessed virgin Marie, was 12 years: All which time she lived with john the Evangelist in jerusalem, and then being 59 years of age died, and was buried (according to the opinion of Nicephorus and others) in the garden called Gethsamene. So all her Travels were 3506 miles. Now follows the description of the towns and places to which she traveled. Of Nazareth. THis was a town almost of no estimation, situated in a certain mountain in Galilee the lower, sixty and four miles and something more from jerusalem towards the North, in the tribe of Zebulon. In this Town our Saviour jesus Christ was brought up, Luke 1.2. Some say that it was nineteen or twenty miles from jerusalem, but they mistake themselves; yet I will not dispute thereof, but follow my authors, jacobus Ziglerus, and Tilmanus Stella. There is not any mention made of it, that is exstant in the old Testament. It hath a two fold derivation, the one by Zain, and the other by Zade. If it be written by Zaien, it may have a twofold signification, since the exposition of this name doth depend upon the Verb Nazar, which signifies, to consecrate and keep; from hence Nezaer, a garland of flower, or a crown set with precious stones, etc. such as Kings and high Priests are accustomed to wear. Also from the same word Nazar, is derived Nazir; & thence Nazaraeus, which is as much to say, he is separated from the use of wine; and suffering his hair to be uncut, as being dedicated to the Lord. Therefore our Saviour Christ is justly called a Nazarite, Luke 2. For Naezer first signifies, a holy man, who hath made a holy vow unto the Lord: Secondly, it doth denote a crown or wreath of sincerity, Exod. 29.39. Thirdly, a holy ointment wherewith Kings and Priests were anointed Levit. 27. and fourthly, this word Nezaer, signifies a Princely crown, 2 Sam. 1. 2 Kings 11. Psal. 89.132. So that Nazareth being derived of Nazar and Nazir, may signify both a crown, and a holy city, judg. 13. but if Nazareth be written by Zade, it signifies a flourishing plant or graft, according to that of Isay cap. 11. But there shall come a rod forth of the stock of Ishai, and a graft shall grow out of his root, and the spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him. The inhabitants of this Town at this day show certain monuments and relics of what had happened in preceding ages: as, two Churches, one built there where the Angel Gabriel saluted the blessed Virgin, and she conceived by the spirit: In which there stands three altars hewn out of a rock: and the other built (as they say) where the house of joseph and Marie stood, because there our Saviour Christ was brought up. Also they show a well where the child jesus drew water and ministered to his mother. They also show the vast ruins of the synagogue where our Saviour Christ expounded the 61 chapter of Isay; for which cause they would have thrown him headlong down the hill, Luke 4. And many other things, of which you may read in Borchardus the Monk. In Saint jeroms' time some 40 years before Christ, Nazareth was a small town called Nazarah. Of the mountains by which Mary passed when she went to visit her cousin Elizabeth. Between Narareth and jerusalem, there standeth many high hills, as Mount Gilboa, whereon King Saul killed himself; Mount Grisim, and Hebal, upon which hills the blessings and cursings were pronounced, Deut. 27. and mount Ephraim, upon which Ehud killed Eglon king of the Moabites, judg. 13. Over this mountain, being very great and steep, Mary traveled when she went to visit her cousin Elizabeth. Of Bethlehem. THere were two cities called by this name, the one Bethlem juda; the other Bethlem Euphrata where our saviour Christ was borne, and signifies, fruitful, or the house of Bread: It stood upon a hill some 6 miles from jerusalem towards the South. The inhabitants take upon them to show the place where our saviour Christ was borne, which stood upon the East side of the City, close by the wall thereof; where as Eusebius saith, Helen the Mother of Constantine the Great, caused to be built a fair and stately Church, three hundred and twenty years after the nativity of Christ. This Church was dedicated to Saint Marie, and remaineth to this day, being had in great honour both amongst the Christians, and the Turks and Saracens. This Church is such a stately building, that it is thought to exceed all the Churches of Christendom, for beauty and curious workmanship: It is two hundred twenty and eight foot long, and eighty seven foot wide, being built all of Marble of diverse colours, and covered with lead: There are in it four rows of Marble pillars, wonderful to look upon, not only in regard of their number, but of their greatness, for there is fifty pillars in every row. The body of this church, the pillars from the bottom to the top, the walls, and every part of it, is beautified with lively pictures, adorned with diverse colours, silver, gold, and curious workmanship, so as it is wonderful to behold. The pavement of it is of marble; polished, and of diverse colours, so cunningly set in works, and with such variety, that it is very delightful to such as look on it. There is painted on the pillars and walls, almost all the stories of the Old Testament, till the birth of our Lord and Saviour jesus Christ, with such excellent cunning, and so lively, that it is to be admired. In the Choir of this Church there is found two Altars, one close by the Chapel of Saint Katherine, at the East end thereof; not far distant from which they show the place where our Saviour was circumcised: and in the middle of the Choir there standeth another Altar, where they say the wise men left their Dromedaries, and prepared their gifts to present unto our Saviour, when they worshipped him. Upon the South side of this choir towards the East, they descend by ten stone steps into the Chapel of the Nativity of Christ, richly beautified and curiously wrought, paved with polished Narble. This Chapel is not very great, but wonderful fair and sumptuous. When the Holy land was overrun by the Gentiles, this (as many other places were in that country) was all polluted with filth and dirt, that they had much ado to make it clean a great while after. Upon the place where they said our Lady the blessed Virgin Mary, brought forth our Saviour into the world, there is placed a Table of white Marble, after the manner of an Altar: about some four foot from this they show the place where the Manger stood, a part of it yet remaining, cut out of a rock, not of Marble but of other stone, as many other Mangers are in that country. Close by that there is an Altar, where they say the wisemen presented their gifts to our Saviour Christ, and worshipped him. At the entrance into the Church there standeth a goodly building, which in times past seemed to have been some Archbishops See, but now is called Saint Mary's Church. Upon the North side they descended by certain steps into the Chapel of Saint jerom, who lay a long time buried there, till his bones were removed thence to Saint Maries in Rome. About a mile from Bethlehem Southward, stood the Tower of Eder, being a watch tower of the Bethlehemites, and so called because there resorted thither many flocks of sheep: for Aeder signifieth A Herd. Round about this Tower were fair and fruitful pastures, to which many shepherds resorted to feed their flocks; to some of which shepherds the Angels told the glad tidings of the birth of our Saviour, and that he was laid in a Manger at Bethlehem. For which cause, in after times there was a Church built just in the place where the Tower stood; and in Saint jeroms' time called by the name of Angelo's ad pastors: the same Luther affirmeth, and that it is yet standing. jacob sometime dwelled in that place, and buried his wife Rachel thereabouts. The monument that he set upon her grave remaineth to this day, which was twelve stones pitched an end, standing about a quarter of a mile from this place, upon the right hand as they go to jerusalem: of which grave, all the country thereabouts is called by the name of Rachel. Of the way between judaea and Egypt. Between Egypt and judaea lieth Arabia Petraea: a land for the most part barren and unfruitful, full of sands, rocks, and mountains, destitute of water, and subject to many dangers: being in the Summer solstice scorched with extremity of heat, the Sun being then perpendicular over them (according to Munster) in the day time; and in the night, troubled with extreme winds, which blowing the sand with great violence, it casteth it upon great heaps and mountains, by which dust, both beasts and sometime men are suffocated and slain. Moreover there dwell in this Desert, a rude and dangerous people, called Saracens; who take their beginning from Ishmael, and are therefore also called Ishmaelites, being given to cruelty and maliciousness. They get their living for the most part, by theft and violence: and as Ishmael was an excellent Archer, so they also are very cunning in shooting and hunting, using to this day their ancient evil custom of robbing and spoiling all that pass that way; insomuch as Merchants are constrained to go in great companies, lest they should be endangered by them, and by reason of the winds and sands are constrained to guide their journey by the compass, as men do that sail upon the sea. Through this wilderness did joseph and Marie pass, when they went with the child jesus out of judaea into Egypt; where they were in danger of thiefs, subjects to be smothered by the sands, constrained to travel over high rocks and mountains, and to rest in fear because of Lions, Bears, and other beasts which greatly abound in that place. Besides, diverse other discommodities were incident unto them, as want of meat, drink, and other necessaries, there being little water to be found there, insomuch as had not the Lord by an express command charged him in a dream to go down into Egypt; joseph durst hardly have ventured upon so difficult and dangerous a journey. But the Lord so mercifully provided for him, that he both went and returned safe. Thus may we see to what dangers these good people were exposed, and what miseries they sustained from the beginning because of their son Christ jesus. Of Hermopilis. HErmopilis was called the Town of Mercury, distant from jerusalem 304 miles towards the South-west: it was one of the chief cities in Egypt, as Appianus writeth. Nicephorus and Zozemenus affirm, lib. 5. cap. 22. that joseph and Mary came and lived in this Town, where they continued all the days of Herod that cruel King. But Ziglerius saith, that they lived in the land of Gosen, where the Patriarch jacob and his posterity lived: which agreeth well with the words of S. Matthew cap. 2. and Hosea 11. Out of Egypt have I called my son. This land of Gosen lay 200 miles from jerusalem towards the South-west. The inhabitants of Alcaire in Egypt take upon them to show the place where joseph and Mary dwelled when they went down into that country; but how true it is I cannot tell, because there is no Author for it. Of Canah in Galilee. This was city in Galilee distant from jerusalem 68 miles towards the North; of which you may read more in the travels of our Saviour Christ. Of Capernaum. THis town stood upon the sea of Galilee, 68 miles from jerusalem toward the North; of which you may read more after. The travels of the Wisemen out of the East, which came to Bethlehem to see JESUS. THe Magis were certain wise men of Persia, so called from Meditation, being derived of Hagah, that is, He hath meditated; and taken in the third conjugation, it signifies, To find or search out a thing: they being such as gave themselves to the knowledge of hard things, and to find out the secrets and mysteries of nature. But according to Varinus, they were not only Philosophers, but Priests also. And Plato upon Alcibiades, saith, Magia est deorum obseruantia sive cultus divinus; that is, Magic prescribeth the due observance and divine worship of the gods. Strabo saith, Geogra. lib. 6. That the Magis were such among the Persians, as those whom the Indians call Gimnosophists and Academians; the Babylonians, Chaldaeans; and the Hebrews, Prophets, or Priests, which taught the people divine knowledge. And when the ten Tribes were carried into captivity by Salmanasser Emperor of the Assyrians (into Assiria, Media, and Persia) there is no question but they took with them into the East, the holy books and volumes of the Law and of the Prophets, whereby without doubt many of the people and Philosophers of the East came to have a taste of the true knowledge and worship of God. Also the Prophet Daniel was brought up in all the arts of the Chaldaeans; whose writings and prophecies were not only written and published amongst the Babylonians, but also had in great account and estimation amongst the Magis: so that they diligently perusing those books, came not only to the knowledge of God, but also without doubt to the knowledge of our Saviour jesus Christ, whom they called The Star of jacob; from whence may be concluded, That the Wisemen that came to see our Saviour Christ, were rather of Susa in Persia, than of Zaba in Aethyopia. Wherefore these wisemen came from the Academy of Susa in Persia to jerusalem, which was 920 miles; saying, Where is he that is borne King of the jews, for we have seen his Star in the East, and are come to worship him. This happened in the month of januarie, in the second year after the birth of our Saviour; for Herod in the seventieth year of his age caused all the male children of the Bethlemites of two years old and under (according to the time that he was told of the Wisemen) to be put to the sword. From jerusalem they went to Bethlehem, which was 6 miles, where upon the sixth of january they offered their Presents which they brought out of Persia, to our Saviour; viz. Gold, as to a King; Frankincense, as to a Priest; and Myrrh, as to a mortal man, Mat. 2. So let us offer unto Christ our Saviour, the Gold of faith and heavenly doctrine; the Frankincense of earnest prayers, and the myrrh of patience in the midst of calamity. Afterward, the Wisemen (as they had been warned in a dream) returned another way to Susa in Persia, which was 920 miles. So their travels were 1846 miles. Of Susa you may read before in the travels of the Old Testament. Of the Star that appeared to the Wisemen in the East. SInce this Star appeared in the lower region of the air (as it is apparent it did) from thence it may be concluded, That it neither was any of the fixed stars, planet, or a Comet, because they commonly are seen in the upper region of the air; but rather, according to the opinion of some, it was an Angel of God appearing in the form of a bright shining Star, to direct the Wisemen in their way as they went to the town of Bethlem; and so by little and little descending from the sublimity of the air, pointed out unto them the very house where they might find Mary the mother of our Lord, and the child jesus. Almost after the same manner as the Angel of the Lord in the time of Moses appeared to the children of Israel; that is, in the day like ta cloudy pillar, and in the night like a flaming fire, to direct them their way, Exod. 13.14.34. Wherefore this Star without doubt was no natural apparition, which happened in the inferior region of the air, suddenly vanishing away; but as I have said, an Angel of the Lord representing the form of a Star. Or else as chrysostom saith, a certain miraculous new Star, which according to the opinion of Augustine, was governed by an Angel of the Lord; and for the greatness of the body, and variety of the aspects, was not seen first in the land of judaea, but in Persia, a country in the East, where the Magis dwelled, and accompanied them thence into judea. And although for a short space it left them in the journey, yet when they came in the way to Bethlem, it appeared to them again, Mat. 2. As Nicephorus and chrysostom observe; the Star appeared upon the day of the conception of Christ, being the 25 day of March; about which time the Archangel Gabriel spoke with the Virgin Marie, Luke 1. And with seen for a whole year and 41 weeks, that is, till the 6 of january, in the beginning of the second year after the nativity of Christ. It wanted 11 weeks of two years; and therefore Herod caused all the male children of the Bethlehemites of two years old and under, to be slain, according to the time declared unto him by the wise men. Mat. 2. Wherefore this new Star did first foreshow the birth of Christ, that bright shining Star and eternal light of glory, according to the prophecy of Billa, Num. 22. Secondly, the light of God's Word & the Gospel, 2 Pet. 1. Thirdly, godly & faithful ministers and teachers, who by their doctrine and godly life and conversation, should set before their auditors and such as observe their actions, the way to Christ and eternal happiness, Dan. vlt. The Travels of john Baptist. IN the month of Thisri, which answereth to our September, Annoo mundi, 3966, the Feast of the Tabernacles being then celebrated, the Archangel Gabriel told Zacharias the Priest, of the conception of john the Baptist, which should be the voice of a crier in the wilderness. And a little after, that is, about the Autumnal Equinoctial, john the Baptist was conceived six months before our Saviour. The next year after, about the month of july, he was borne. Six months after that, our Saviour Christ was borne. In which year Zacharias i father of john Baptist, was slain in the upper court between the Altar and the Temple, for saying, that our Saviour Christ was borne, and, That Marie his mother was a Virgin, Matt. 33. Wherefore Elizabeth the wife to Zacharias, fearing the cruelty of Herod and of the Pharises, about that time when the young infants of the Bethlehemites were slain, she fled from jerusalem to Apumim, as Nicephorus faith, which was situated in the wilderness between jericho and jerusalem, where she privately brought up her son, which was 32 miles. In the 39 year of the nativity of Christ, and upon the 24 day of june; john the Baptist being then 30 years of age, by the commandment of the Lord took upon him the ministry: for it was not lawful for any to enter into that function before they were thirty years, of age, Numb. 4. Wherefore upon the eight and twentieth day of September, it being then the feast of the Tabernacles, and about the middle of the last week spoken of by Daniel, He went from Adumim to Bethabara, where he took upon him the Ministry of the New Testament: Hannas the chief Priest being then newly entered into that office, Luke 2. (which was about four miles) and within a short time after, that is, upon the seventh day of October, being then the feast of Expiation, our Lord and Saviour jesuis Christ was baptised, when he was fully thirty years of age, Luke 3 Matthew 3. john 1. In the year following, which was the one and thirtieth year of the Nativity of Christ, a little before the feast of Easter, the Synedrion of jerusalem sent messengers unto john, he then remaining at Bethabara, to know whether he was the Christ, or Elias, or some other Prophet, john the first. Upon the eighteenth day of September, the same year john entered upon the second year of his ministry: About which time Caiphas began to enter upon the office of the high Priest, and the Sadduces and Pharises to persecute john Baptist. Wherefore he departed from Bethabara and went to Aenon, a City in Galilee, which was 24 miles. After that john had preached publicly and freely, by the space of a whole year and two months; about the month of December, and the end of the first year of the Ministry of our Saviour, by the commandment of Herod, he was taken and led prisoner from Aenon to the Tower of Macheruntes, which was 28 miles; where he remained until his death. So all his Travels were 88 miles. Of the towns and places to which he traveled. Of Adumim. ADumim, or Adummim (as it is in joshua, ca 15.) was a Tower twelve miles from jerusalem towards the East, situated in the wilderness that is between jerusalem and jericho; so called because of the multitude of robberies and murders that were done in that place: for Dam, signifieth Blood. Here the poor man that Christ mentioned, Luk. 10. fell amongst thiefs; and here Eliah continued when he was fed by the Ravens, and drank the water of the river Cherith, 1 King. 17. which was a notable type of john the Baptist, who lived in a cave in this place. This cave stood close by the Garden of Engedi, where in former times the Academy and School of the Prophets Eliah and Elisha, was kept: here the Esseis (which was a Sact amongst the jews) also continued, who led a Monastical kind of life, and gave themselves wholly to prayers and good works; under whose discipline and instruction john was brought up. Mathesius' wisely observes, that of all other, the Esseys would never oppose Christ; but were a people that lived chastely and honestly according to the custom of the Nazarites; with all diligence reading the Scriptures, and avoiding idleness as a great temptation of the devil, giving themselves principally to the study of Physic. After rhis sort was john brought up. Of Bethabara. THis was a town situated upon the East side of the river jordan, 16 miles from jerusalem towards the East, where there was either a Bridge or a ferry to pass over jordan: from whence this place was called Bethabara, being derived of Baith, a house; and Abarah, a passage: Wherefore at a certain time there being assembled in this place a great concourse and congregation of people, john did first enter upon the ministry of the New Testament, and taught the people the Doctrine of Repentance and Baptism. Here Elias the Thesbite, who was a type of john the Baptist, was taken up into heaven in a fiery Chariot. Here john spoke with the messengers that came to inquire, Wither he was the Christ or not; to whom he answered, that he was neither Elias nor a prophet of the Old Testament, but the voice of a crier in the wilderness, Io. 4. Is. 40. And in the same place where the Priests stood with the Ark of the covenant, whiles joshua and the children of Israel passed over jordan, john baptised Christ, the true Ark of the Covenant of the Throne of grace, Iosh. 3.4. Mat. 4. Luke. 3. Heb. 9 Of Aenon. THis town stood upon the West side of the river of jordan, 42 miles from jerusalem Northward, a little on this side of the sea of Tiberias, near the mouth of the river jaboch, where it falleth into jordan, in which place was great abundance of waters. Here also john sometimes baptised, joh. 3. it being two miles from Salem where jacob in times past dwelled, Gen. 33. Of the meeting together of the waters this town was called Aenon, of Ain which signifies an Eye, and a fountain that springeth as it were from an Eye. Of Macherus or Macharuntes. MAcherus was a town of Peraea, beyond jordan, 20 miles from jerusalem towards the East, situated in a high mountain: being derived Macherah, that is, A Sword. This was one of the chief castles of Herod Antipas, who obtained the chief command in the city of jerusalem, Plin. lib. 5. c. 16. In this place john Baptist was beheaded, as joseph. saith, lib. Antiq. 80. c. 10. And although his Disciples buried his body thereabouts, yet long after the christians removed his bones & relics to Sebasten, that is, Samaria, where they were the second time buried with great honour and reverence. Afterward (as Nicephorus and Theodor saith) his bones were taken up again by julian the Apostata, and burnt. There are many other things that are written concerning his relics, which (because of the uncertainty of them) I omit to speak of; and will proceed to a further description of this city. Alexander King of the jews first built and fortified it; and then making war against Aristobulus, it happened to be destroyed by Gabinus one of his Captains, and so continued desolate till Herod's time, who rebuilt the town and the castle, and fortified it with strong walls and high towers, even a hundred and sixty cubits in height, so that a man could scarce see to the top of it. But, that God might revenge the blood of his Saints, at such time as jerusalem and the Holy land was left desolate. Lucius Bassus (a noble Roman) came to this city and besieged it; during which siege, Bassus took a certain young man which was a Prince of the jews called Eliazer, and caused a Cross to be set on purpose to have crucified him: but they which were besieged in the town, seeing the pitiful lamentations this young man made, promised Bassus, if he would spare his life to yield up the town, which he did; so the castle being taken, the gates of the city were set open. But the Romans fell to the slaughter without mercy, & put to the sword 1700 persons, besides there were a great multitude of women and children carried thence into captivity, as josephus (lib. de Bello jud. 7. cap. 25.) affirmeth. There were many goodly wells, and stately buildings, within this city: there is cut out in the castle a Rue tree of an admirable greatness. And in the valley upon the North side of the City, the root Baarus is found, presenting both in colour and figure a flame. There are also found many hot Baithes and Fountains of wholesome waters. But above the rest, josephus maketh mention of one in a cave, where two streams issueth, as it were out of two duggs; the one hot, the other cold: which two waters being mingled together, are very wholesome and cure many diseases, but principally the shrinking of the sinews. And this shall suffice concerning the travels of john the Baptist. The Travels of our Lord and Saviour Christ in his infancy, Matthew 3. Luke 2. FRom Bethlehem the child jesus was brought to jerusalem, and there presented in the Temple, Anno Mundi 3967, which was 6 miles. From jerusalem joseph and Marie, (when they had accomplished all things in the Temple of the Lord) carried the child jesus to Nazareth in Galilee, which was 64 miles. From thence joseph and Marie brought jesus back again to Bethlehem, which was 72 miles. Upon the second day of january, in the second year after the nativity of Christ, the wise men of Persia brought gifts and worshipped him. A little after, that is, about the Ideses of january, just the night before the command came from Herod to kill the innocent children, joseph and Marie went with the child jesus through the mountains and deserts of judaea, into Egypt to Hermopolis, in the land of Gosen; which was reckoned from Bethlehem 296 miles. From Hermopolis in Egypt (after the death of Herod) jesus was brought back again by his parents to Nazareth in judaea, which was above 368 miles. When jesus was twelve years of age, he went with his parents from Nazareth to jerusalem, to the feast of the Passeover, which was 64 miles. And when his parents had lost him, and found him again in the Temple among the learned; then he continued in obedience unto them, and went with them from jerusalem to Nazareth, which was 64 miles. So his Travels were 934 miles. Concerning the towns and places mentioned in his Travels, you may read before in the Travels of the Virgin Marie. The travels of our Lord and Saviour jesus Christ, from his Baptism till the first year of his Ministry. CHrist in the thirtieth year of his age, went from Nazereth and came to Bethabara, which stood upon the river jordan, where john baptised; and upon the seventh day of October, in the middle of the last week spoken of by Daniel, cap. 9 was there baptised, at whose baptism the testimony of the spirit descended down upon him in the likeness of a Dove; which was 52 miles. From jordan, jesus was led by the spirit into the Wilderness to be tempted of the devil, and there fasted forty days and forty nights: at the end of which time, the devil came unto and tempted him. How this wilderness was called, the Evangelist doth not specify: but it is to be thought that it was the desert of Arabia Petraea, & that our Saviour Christ fasted upon the mountain of Sinai, where Moses and Eliah fasted forty days and forty nights, Exod. 24.1. Reg. 19 For this desert extendeth itself from the borders of Egypt and the Red sea, to jordan, where john baptised: and from thence by the country of Trachonitis, to the mountain of Libanus. Therefore our Saviour Christ might that present seventh day of Actober whereon he was baptised, come into this Wilderness; and by little and little go thence to mount Sanai, which was 136 miles. For there was no place more fit for Satan to tempt our Saviour in, than where the law was delivered, which is the power of Sin: for although the Son of God was without sin, yet he took upon him the sins of all the world, Levit. 16. joh. 1. Isa. 53. So then our Saviour Christ (according to this supputation) continued in the Desert from the seventh day of October to the sixteenth of November, which was forty days and forty nights. Epiphanias lib. 2. Tom. 1. Hoeres. 51. saith, that our Saviour Christ was baptised upon the eighth day of November which was the twelfth day of the month Athyr amongst the Egyptians: but this supputation is false and altogether repugnant to the certain Mathematical calculation. Wherefore upon the 17 day of November our Saviour Christ hungered, Mat. 4. Mark 1. Luke 4. and then the devil with an extraordinary boldness came unto him, and carried him from Mount Sinai with great violence through the air, and set him upon the top of a pinnacle of the temple in jerusalem, which was 120 miles: this pinnacle was so exceeding high (as you may read in the description of jerusalem) that whosoever looked down from it into the valley of Cedron, their eyes dazzled, and it seemed as though there had been clouds in the bottom of the valley; for it was 600 foot from the bottom to the top. From this place the devil bade our Saviour Christ throw himself down, etc. Mat. 4. From the pinnacle of the Temple the devil took our Saviour Christ and set him upon a high mountain; but what hill it was, or how called, the holy Evangelist doth not set down. The inhabitants of the Holy land think it was the hill that stood betwixt Bethel and Ai, upon which hill in times past Abraham dwelled, Gen. 13. But that hill is not very high, and there are many higher hills in the holy land: wherefore it is to be thought that he was carried upon the top of that high mountain Nebo, which was also called Pisgah, and stood 24 miles from jerusalem Eastward, where God shown unto Moses all the holy land beyond jordan, Deut. 34. and in this place, as God had showed Moses, so the devil shown our Saviour the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them, saying, All these will I give thee, etc. It is to be thought that all these sharp temptations of the devil were done in one day. This hill Pisgah is distant from Bethabara 8 miles, where john Baptist baptised, and bare witness of our Saviour Christ, joh. ca 1. Now after the devil had left him, and the Angels had comforted him, he came thence unto john, which was 8 miles, and john said to his Disciples, Behold, this is the Lamb of God which taketh away the sins of the world, joh. 1. So these travels were 140 miles. The Travels of our Saviour Christ in the first year of his Ministry, which was the 31 of his age. But yet our Saviour Christ began not to preach publicly, because it was not lawful for any to be admitted into the Ministry of the Word until they were past thirty years of age. Now our Saviour Christ in the months of january and February, being then past thirty (for he was full thirty upon the 25 day of December) began to preach publicly, but yet he had no disciples, neither had he wrought any miracles. In the month of March john Baptist testified of Christ before the Priests & Levits; and within two days after, Christ being then present, john said, Behold the Lamb of God that taketh away the sins of the world, etc. Within a while after, Christ went thence towards Cana in Galilee, in which journey he took unto him some disciples, namely Andrew and john the Evangelist, and as some think, Peter, Philip, and Nathaniel; near to the town of Bethel, where the Patriarch jacob saw a ladder reaching from earth to heaven (for Christ maketh mention of that vision in this journey) which was 32 miles, joh. 2. where he graced the marriage with a notable mircle, turning six pots of water (containing 168 gallons and three quarts, or thereabouts) into wine, joh. 2. After, he went thence with his mother and his disciples to Capernaum, 20 miles: but he stayed there but a while, for the passover of the jews was at hand, joh. 2. In the beginning of April Christ went from Capernaum to jerusalem, to the feast of the Passeover, which was 56 miles, and there cast out of the Temple the money-changers, and those that sold sheep, and oxen, and doves in it. This was done about 46 years after Herod Ascalonita King of the jews had rebuilded and beautified the Temple; of which you may read in josep. li. Ant. 15. cap. 14. joh. 2. This first Passeover of the Ministry of our Saviour Christ, The first Passover of the Ministry of Christ. of which you may read, john, cap. 2. was celebrated upon the sixth day of April, and continued until the thirteenth day of the same month. During which time our Saviour Christ did many Miracles, insomuch that many believed in his name; and amongst the rest Nicodemus, who came to him by night, and reasoned with him concerning the kingdom of God. Nicodemus signifies the Victory of the people, joh. 3. At this time he continued in jerusalem till the month of October, and there celebrated the Feast of Tabernacles, and preached the acceptable year of the Lord, Esay 61. The feast of Tabernacles being ended, jesus with his disciples came into judea, that is, he went from jerusalem, and began to teach in judea, and his Disciples baptised, joh. 3.4. john also baptised at this time upon the borders of Galilee near judea, 42 miles from jerusalem Northward, upon the East side of the river jordan, for he was not yet cast into prison. Therefore Christ chose him a place to teach and baptise in upon the river of jordan, near john, that they might meet and converse together. A little after, the question was moved concerning Purification, and john began to preach of Christ, and that he was the Son of God, and Spouse of the Church. In this Sermon john in many places called himself the Friend of the Spouse. From whence it is evident, That Christ and john in the month of November did often meet and converse together. In the month of December Christ being assured of the captivity of john the Baptist, Mat. 4. Mark 1. and of the persecution and fallacies of the Pharisees, john 4. went from jordan, and returned into Galilee by the province and country of Samaria: in which country he came to jacobs' Well, which stood close by Sichar, in former times called Sichem, about some 10 miles from jordan towards the West; in which place he spoke with the Samaritan woman (this happened some four months before Harvest) and after went into Sichar, and continued there for the space of two days; and after returning into Galilee, was very acceptably entertained of the Galileans, because they formerly having seen his miracles done at jerusalem, were joyful to see him there. When he had traveled from Sichar to Cana (a city in Galilee the lower, which was 32 miles, where he had changed water into wine) there was a certain Ruler came unto him, whose son lay sick at Capernaum, 20 miles distant, and besought him to heal his son; our Saviour told him that his son was made whole: so he believed, and his son was made whole the same hour. This was the second miracle that our Saviour Christ did, Io. 4. It is thought that this ruler's name was Chuza, of whom there is mention Luk. 8 and was Herod's Procurator; whose wives name was johanna, which signifieth Gracious. This woman ministered of all her substance unto Christ, joh. 4. So these Travels were 192 miles. ¶ Of the Towns and places to which he traveled. Of Canain Galilee. THis was a city of the lower Galilee, where our blessed Saviour Christ turned water into wine, being distant from jerusalem 68 miles Northward. The place where our Saviour wrought this miracle is to be seen at this day; but it is within the ground, and you must descend by certain steps before you can come at it; because (as it seems) there have been many churches and buildings set upon it, which being sundry times overthrown, the ruins thereof have raised the earth in such sort, that the ancient place is as it were hidden & laid under the earth, as is also the place of the Annunciation, of the nativity of our Saviour Christ, and many other where he wrought miracles; to which they do descend down under the earth by steps. Upon the North side of this town stood a round hill, and upon the South a goodly plain; being called Cana in Galilee, to put distinction between it and another town called after the same name, which stood upon the borders of Tyrus and Sidon, in the Tribe of Aser; in which the Canaanitish woman or Syroph oenicean dwelled, which besought Christ to heal her daughter who was possessed of a devil, Mat. 15. Mark 7. which was called Canah the greater, as this was called Canah the less, and was distant each from other 44 miles. Canah was so called because round about it grew Reeds, and there were many moorish and waterish grounds, whereof the town took the name. For Canah signifies a Reed: which is a fit type of the Church; for as our Saviour Christ at this town (which stood in a moorish and reedy place) graced the marriage with an extraordinary miracle; so likewise will he grace the marriage of his Church (though troubled with miseries and afflictions in this world, tossed to and fro like a wavering reed) with the glorious presence of his gracious countenance, and in the world to come crown it with eternal glory. Of Capernaum. THis city was so called from the pleasant and comfortable situation of it. In the Hebrew text Matthew calls it Capharnacum, i. The town of comfort; being derived of Nocham, i Consolation. In this town our Saviour dwelled after he had left Nazareth, and in it wrought many miracles, as the healing of the sick, casting out of devils, and such like, whereof you may read, Mat. 8. Mark 1. Luke 5.7. john 4. It stood in the land of Genesareth, upon the West and North side of jordan, in an angle of land joining to the sea of Galilee, 56 miles from jerusalem Northward, in the tribe of Issacher; and as it is thought by some, just in the midst of the twelve tribes. Mat. 9 calls it the city of our Saviour. And that Christ was no stranger, but an inhabitant of this city, it is manifest, Mat. 17. where Christ when he gave tribute to the magistrates of this city) asked Peter saying, Of whom do the Kings of the earth take tribute? Peter said, Of strangers: Then, quoth he, the children are free; yet nevertheless, etc. From whence may be gathered that he was no stranger, but an inhabitant in Capernaum. It had upon the Northside of it the three Tribes, Nepthalim, Aser, and Zabulon; upon the South, Benjamin, juda, Dan, and Simeon; upon the West, Issacher, Ephraim, and the half Tribe of Manasses; and upon the East, Reuben, Gad, and the other half tribe of Manasses: so that our Saviour Christ dwelled in the midst of the 12 tribes of Israel. Furthermore, it was a goodly market town, and had as well relation to Tyrus and Sidon (two towns of the Gentiles within 44 miles of it) as to jerusalem: from whence may be verified that saying of Esa. ca 8.9. The land of Zebulon and Nepthalim, near the way of the sea beyond jordan, and Galilee of the Gentiles; a people which sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, saw a great Light. This town is therefore justly called the city of Comfort and Consolation; since our Saviour Christ dwelled there, who with his doctrine and preaching refreshed & comforted all such as were afflicted with the burden of their sins. But the great men that were inhabitants of this City had more respect to their private profit, than to the doctrine & miracles that Christ wrought among them; from whence it came to pass that they did as it were neglect and contemn that good which God had offered unto them: which made our Saviour say, And thou Capernaum, which seemest to be exalted up unto heaven, shalt be cast down into hell: for if the miracles had been done in Sodom and Gomorah, which have been done in thee, they had continued until this day. Verily verily I say unto you, It shall be easier for Sodom and Gomorah in the day of judgement, than for thee, Mat. 11. For there was no such benefit offered to any City, neither such honours and dignities, as were to Capernaum, our Saviour himself dwelling there. Wherefore for their ingratitude and impiety the city hath diverse times been wasted and destroyed, as well by the Romans as other nations; so that at this day this glorious city is become so desolate, that there is scarce 8 houses standing, and they also like small sheds. Of Sichar. IN ancient time this town was called Sichem, of which you may read more both in the travels of jacob and Abimilech. After it came to be called Sichar, according to the opinion of Luther upon Genesis, because the inhabitants of that country were given to pleasure and voluptuousness, the greatest part of their delight being in drinking and quaffing: for Sichar, being derived of Schachar, signifieth, to be drunk, or inordinately to swallow sweet and pleasant wine, of which there was great plenty in that town, made of the juice of Apples, the fruit of Palm trees, and honey, which may very well resemble Hippocras or Metheglin, as some Authors have it. And although by the incursion of the Romans it was utterly wasted and left desolate, yet in succeeding times it was rebuilt, and called Nicapolis, that is, a New town. It is situated very pleasantly, and aboundeth with all manner of delights; but it is unfortified, neither can it by any means be fortified; neither have the inhabitants any help, if they be oppressed by the Enemy, but to fly: for it is situated in the middle of a valley, between two high mountains, so that a man may fling a stone from the top of one of them into the city. About two bows shoot without the South gate of this town is to be seen the Fountain or Well of jacob, upon the brim of which our Saviour Christ sat when he was weary, as we may read in the fourth of john. This Well standeth just in the way as Pilgrims travel to jerusalem. Upon the right hand above this Well there standeth a mountain of an exceeding height, divided into two tops, the one of them being called Gerizim, the other Heball. In mount Gerizim the Patriarch joshuah built an Altar, and the people standing upon mount Heball, he caused the whole book of Deuteronomie to be read over, with the Blessings and Curse, so that all the people might hear them; for thus we read in Ios. 8. The one half of the people stood close by Mount Gerizim, and the other by mount Heball, etc. Deuteronom. Chap. 27. These two great mountains began upon the right side of the City Sichar, and extended themselves in length to the City of jericho. Upon the left side of this Well is to be seen the ruins of a great town, which is thought to be the old Sichem, and by the relics that remain there, it may be judged to have been a very goodly City. For there are yet to be seen certain broken Pillars of Marble, as also large and spacious Buildings, which in times passed without question have been very goodly things, and standeth wonderful pleasantly; the soil round about it being very pleasant and fruitful, only there is want of water. This Town lieth some two Bows shoot from Sichar, and the inhabitants of that place judge this Sichar to be Thebez, where Abimelech died, judg. 9 Not fare from jacobs' Well, is to be seen that piece of ground which jacob gave to joseph, more than the rest of his brethren, Gen. 48. It is a long valley, very fruitful and pleasant, where there lies buried in a certain fair garden, the bones of jacob and joseph, which were brought out of Egypt, Iosh. 24. the relics of which sepulchre are yet to be seen. Mount Garizim or Gerizim, is so called from the cutting down of Trees: for Garaz signifies, To cut downc. Upon this Mountain is to be seen (even to this day) the place where the Temple stood that was built by Sanballath, dedicated to jupiter Olympius, in contempt of the Temple of jerusalem. The chief Priest of this Temple was one Manasses, a fugitive of the stock of Levi. This Manasses was brother to jaddus, chief Priest of jerusalem, of whom you muy read Nehem. 13. But some two hundred years after the first foundation, john Hircanus high Priest of jerusalem utterly destroyed it to the ground. The Travels of our Saviour Christ in the second year of his Ministry; which was the two and thirtieth year of his age. IN the month of january, Christ went from Cana in Galilee to Nazareth, which was eight miles. Here, upon the Sabbath day he went into the Synagogue and began to teach, insomuch as the inhabitants were astonished at his doctrine: but the citizens being ingrateful, he went to Capernaum, a city which he had chosen to dwell in before all others, Luke 4. Mat. 4. which was 12 miles, or thereabouts. In the month of February he compassed about all Galilee, preaching the Gospel of the kingdom of God, healing the sick, and those that were diseased amongst the people, Matth. 4. In this visitation our Saviour went to Gaesarea Philippi, which was distant from Capernaum forty eight miles towards the North. Here Matthew was called, as he was at the receipt of Custom; and the woman was healed of her bloody issue, Mat. 9 But that Matthew was called about this time, the circumstances of times make evident; for a little after the second Passeover of our Saviour Christ, the same Matthew was chosen to be an Apostle, Luke, 5, 6. Mat. 9 Mark 2. In the month of March, the inhabitants of the towns which Christ visited in Galilee, brought unto him many that were possessed of devils, and afflicted with other diseases, all which he healed: insomuch that there followed him a great company out of Galilee and Decapolis, and from jerusalem and judaea, and of all the countries beyond jordan, Mat. 4. Thus having finishing this visitation, as it may be thought, he returned back again to Capernaum, where he dwelled, as I have showed before, which was 48 miles; for Caesarea Philippi stood so fare from Capernaum. A little after these things were finished, The second Passeover of the Ministry of Christ: was the feast of the jews, john 4. and jesus went up to jerusalem, john 5. to celebrate the feast of the Passeover, which this year happened a little before Harvest, which was 56 miles. This second Passeover of the Ministry of Christ fell upon the six and twentieth day of March, at which time Christ celebrated the Passeover with his Disciples according to the Law of God. Here, upon the Sabbath day, being the last day of March, he healed a certain man that lay by the Pool Bethesda, which had been diseased eight and thirty years, joh. 5. And at the end of the Passeover he went with his Disciples from jerusalem, through the corn fields: but his Disciples being hungry began to pull the ears of corn, and to eat them; wherefore the Pharises being offended at them, began to reprehend our Saviour Christ and his Disciples: upon which followed the disputation concerning the Sabbath, Luke 6. Matth. 12. Upon the seventh day of April he went on the Sabbath day to Peraea, which country was in the command of Herod Antipas, and there he healed a man with a dried hand, Luke 6. Mark 3. The country of Peraea beyond jordan is distant from jerusalem twenty miles. But when the Herodian Council heard that he had healed a man on the Sabbath day, they sought occasion how they might do to put him to death: Wherefore our Saviour Christ went thence to the sea of Galilee, which was 40 miles. Here he went up into a mountain not far from Capernaum, and chose the twelve Apostles, Luke 6. Mark 3. And then upon this mountain he preached unto the people, which resorted thither unto him out of the Country round about, whom they heard with great diligence and attendance. This sermon being ended, he came down from the mountain, and healed the man that was sick of the Leprosy. He also went into Capernaum and healed the Centurion's servant, Mat. 8. Luke 7. Afterward Christ in the same month of April, when the man whom he healed of his leprosy had published that Miracle, he went from Capernaum into the Desert which lay near unto Bethsaida; for there was a certain Desert, Mark 1. Luke 7. In the month of May our Saviour went out of Galilee towards jerusalem, to keep the feast of Penticost; so he came to the gates of the city Naim, which stood on the border of Samaria, and was distant from Capernaum 16 miles. Here he recalled the widow's son to life, Luke 7. And after he went to jerusalem, which was 48 miles, that he might celebrate the feast of Penticost, according to the law of God, Exo. 23. Thrice every year shall every male child appear before the Lord thy God. This feast fell this year upon the 15 day of May; for it behoved our Saviour, according to the law, to go every year to jerusalem to these three principal feasts, that is, of the Passeover, Penticost, and of the Tabernacles. A little after the feast of Penticost, john Baptist (being then in prison) having certain intelligence of the Miracle that our Saviour wrought upon the Widow's son at the gates of Naim; and of other wonderful Miracles that he did in jerusalem, and in other places in judaea; sent two of his disciples from the Castle of Macharuntes, to ask him the question, whether he was the Messia or no? So when they came unto him and delivered their message, at that time he cured many of their sickness and plagues, and evil spirits, and to many blind men he gave sight freely. And jesus said unto them, Go your ways and tell john what things you have seen and heard, That the Blind see, the Halt go, the Lepers are cleansed, the Deaf hear, the Dead are raised, and the Poor receive the Gospel: And blessed is he that shall not be offended in me, Matthew 11. Luke 7. At this sermon it was thought he converted the sinner that washed his feet, & poured a box of precious oil upon his head, Luke 7. In the month of june our Saviour jesus Christ went with the Twelve about six and fifty miles out of judaea into Galilee, and there in diverse Cities and Towns he began to preach and teach the Kingdom of God. At this time there were diverse Women followed him, whom he had healed of evil Spirits, and of their infirmities; but principally Marry Magdalen, out of whom he had cast seven Devils; and joan the wife of Chuza, Herod's Procurator; and Susanna: All which ministered unto him of their substance, Luke 8. Now when he had traveled from place to place some certain time, and visited many cities and towns thereabouts, he returned back again to the city of Capernaum, where it is said that our Saviour Christ dwelled; and there dispossessed the man of a devil, that was both blind, lame, and dumb, Mat. 12. Mar. 3. Luke 11. And going thence to the sea he recited 8 Parables, Matth. 13. Mark 4. Luke 8. In the evening of the same day he went six miles into the country of the Gadarens, Mar. 4. Luke 8. The next day betimes in the morning he went out of the ship into the country of the Gadarens, and healed two that were possessed of devils, Matth. 2. Mar. 5. Luk. 8. Out of these two he cast a legion of Devils, and suffered them to enter into the herd of swine, which they carried headlong into the sea. Presently our Saviour Christ went thence 6 miles, into the land of Genesareth, where there was a great multitude upon the sea shore not far from the City of Capernaum, that expected his coming, Mar. 5. Luke 8. Within a few days after, about the beginning of june, he entered into Capernaum, and there healed the man that lay sick upon his bed of a dead palsy, Mat. 9 Mar. 2. Luke 5. after he went to sea, and taught the multitude that came to him, Mar 2. From Capernaum he went to Caesarea Philippi, 48 miles, where being invited to a banquet by Matthew, he ate among Publicans and sinners, and confuted the Pharisees and johns disciples. In the same city he restored the daughter of jairus to life, Mat. 9 Mark 2. Luke 5. and as he went thence, he restored two men to their sight, and cast out a Devil, Mat. 9 About the end of the month of july our Saviour Christ went from Caesarea Philippi to Nazareth, 36 miles; where because of the ingratitude and contempt of the citizens he did no great miracles, Mark 6. Mat. 13. In the month of August our Saviour Christ went from Nazareth toward jerusalem to the feast of Tabernacles, and as he went visited the towns and cities near adjoining. Now when he saw that they wanted Teachers, it being at this time the second harvest, he said unto his Disciples, Lo the Harvest is great, but the Labourers are few, etc. and he sent his Disciples out into the Harvest, Mat. 9 Luke 9 Of this second harvest you may read, Exod. 23. where God commanded the people that they should observe the feast of the Tabernacles, when in the end of the year they had gathered in all the fruits of the fields. Also in Levit. 23. it is thus written, From the fifteenth day of the seventeenth month, when you have gathered all the fruits of your land, you shall celebrate unto the Lord your God seven days, etc. From Galilee our Saviour Christ came to jerusalem, 64 miles; where from the 20 to the 27 day of September he celebrated the feast of Tabernacles, according to the Law of God. About the 18 day of Octob: in this year, the Practices of Sejanus were discovered, and he died miserably, Tac. lib. 5. The rest of the travels of our Saviour Christ, and the miracles that he wrought in these three last months of this year, viz. in October, November, and December, for their great multitude cannot be described. So the travels of our Saviour Christ in the second year of his Ministry were 912 miles. Of the towns and places to which he traveled. Of Caesarea Philippi. THis city is situated not far from the foot of the mountain Antilibanus, 104 miles from jerusalem toward the North, close by the two Wells of jordan, jor and Dan. Upon the East side of this City these two streams meet, and make the River jordan. Philip the Tetrarch of Traconitis called this city after his own name, Philippus; and in honour of the Roman Caesars he added the name of Caesaria; Tiberias at this time being Emperor of Rome. In times past it was called Laisch or Lais, which signifies, a ravening or roaring Lion. But the tribe of Dan having conquered it and rebuilt it again, they called it Dan; and the inhabitants of the Holy land, Laechem Dan, as you may read in the travels of the Danits. But this town (as it is reported by such as have traveled into the holy land, and by the authority of Volateran) notwithstanding these names, is often called Belenas'. Here (as Eusebius, Zozomenes, and Nicephorus say in their Ecclesiastical histories) the woman that was diseased with the bloody issue, was healed by touching the hem of our Saviour's garment; which woman in token of thankfulness for so great a benefit, and in memory of so notable a miracle, erected in this City, a little without the gates of her house, a stone pillar, on which she caused to be set the image of Christ made of brass; and behind that stood the image of this woman, who had been diseased 12 years with the bloody issue, bowing herself at the feet of our Lord, and touching the hem of his garment. They also say there grew certain herbs about this pillar, whereby miracles were wrought thirty years after it was set up. But julian the Apostata having intelligence of these things, caused those images to be broken down, and erected his own in the same place. But soon after there happened such an exceeding thunder, that fire falling from heaven, struck this image thus set up by this cruel tyrant, upon the breast, and cast the head and the neck thereof with great violence upon the earth. These things happened in Caesarea Philippi. Upon the borders of Caesarea Philippi our Saviour Christ asked his Disciples saying, Whom do men say that I am, Mat. 6. josep. Ant. li. 20. ca 6. saith, Agrippa King of the jews did much enlarge Caesarea Philippi, in honour of Nero, and called it after his name Neronia: but it retained not that name long. Of Peraea. PEraea or Peraia was the utmost part in the holy land, in which were the Tribes Gad and Reuben, separated from the rest of judea by the river jordan, and under the subjection and government of Herod Antipas. It was 16 miles from jerusalem Eastward, so called of Peran, which signifies, beyond, or upon the other side, Pli. li. 4. ca 1. In the castle of Macharuntes, standing in this country john Baptist was beheaded. Of the sea of Galilee. THis sea lay 44 miles from jerusalem Northward, representing upon the banks a harp in figure, whence it was called Kinnaereth, that is, the sea of the harp, Num. 34. for Kinnor signifieth an harp. Toward the North it extendeth itself into some breadth, but toward the South it drew into a straight angle, & was called the sea of Galilee, because it bordered upon Galilee. It was also called the lake of Genesareth, because of the pleasantness and fruitfulness of the soil lying upon the North side of it. It is called (joh. 6.) the sea of Tiberias, from the city Tiberias that stood upon the shore of it. It was but 4 miles and a little more broad, but in length from the North to the South 12 miles. Upon the East side it had the town Chorazin, and upon the West Capernaum; and (as josephus saith) the water of this sea was very sweet and pleasant, from whence it came to pass that fishes did greatly abound in it, and there were many fishers that lived thereabouts only by fishing in that sea. There were many other Cities besides those two before mentioned, that stood upon this Sea; as Bethsaida, Migdala, Tiberias, and Trichaea; these stood upon the West. Upon the East stood julia and Gadara. Of the holy mountain near Capernaum in Galilee. ABout a mile from Capernaum toward the South-west, is to be seen an exceeding high hill, standing upon the shore of the sea of Galilee, beautified with many herbs and flowers of diverse kinds, being very fruitful and pleasant, extending itself in length almost two bows shoot, and in breadth one. From this hill one might have seen the whole sea of Galilee, the countries of Itura and Trachonitis, even to mount Libanus, also the mountains Sanir and Hermon, and a great part of the upper and lower Galilee. Hear also the inhabitants of the holy land show a certain stone, on which they say our Saviour Christ did usually sit when he preached to the people; which stone the Christians call the table: here was that sermon made of the eight Beatitudes, Mat. 5.6.7. Luke 6. Here were the twelve Apostles chosen, Luke 6. Mar. 3. And our Saviour Christ descending from this mountain, in the suburbs of the City of Capernaum healed a man that was infected with the leprosy. About thirty paces from the foot of this hill there ariseth a fountain which is compassed about with a wall, and is thought to be a vein of Nilus, because they find in it such kind of fishes, the like whereof are not to be found in any other place but Nilus. josephus calleth this Spring Capernaum, and likewise all the plain (being very pleasant and fruitful for the space of a mile, even unto jordan) after the same name, because it is subject to the jurisdiction of that city. About 20 paces from this wall, on the shore of the sea of Galilee, there is shown a place where they say Christ appeared to his seven Disciples after his resurrection, and asked them whether they had any meat? And about ten paces from that is shown a place where they say our Saviour's Disciples came to land, and they drew up in their nets a great draught of fishes, etc. joh. 21. Of Naim. NAim signifies Fruitful and pleasant: it stood 48 miles from jerusalem towards the North; and typically representeth the condition of this world. For the children of this world live in all manner of pleasures and delights, never thinking of any sorrow till death seizeth on them; but then that overturns all, and those delights become loathsome unto them. Notwithstanding this one comfort we have left us, Hope in Christ jesus; who as ●e raised the Widow's son (at the gates of this city) from death to life, will by his mighty power raise us again at the last day, from the bowels of the earth, and make us partakers with him of an heavenly habitation. It stood in the land of Samaria; and in the tribe of Issacher about two miles off it, upon the East side, stood mount Tabor; & a little from it upon the South side stood mount Hermon the lesser; and extended itself thence unto the sea of Galilee, 16 miles. Of these two hills you may read, Psal. 89. And about 2 miles from Naim Westward Sunem is to be seen, to which the Prophet Elisaeus sometimes resorted, 2 Reg. 4. Of Gadara. GAdarah or Gederah in Hebrew signifies munition; and sometimes it is taken to compass about, of Gadar, he hath hedged or compassed about. S. jerom saith, in his time (that is, 400 years after Christ) this was a very fair city, and stood in a very high mountain upon the East side of the sea of Galilee beyond jordan, in the half tribe of Manasses, some 48 miles from jerusalem Northward, and is to be seen at this day. Strabo, lib. 6. Geogr. saith, that close by Gadara there is a venomous lake, whereof what beast soever drinketh, he immediately loseth his horns, his hoofs, and his hair; and there are many that think this Lake became thus venomous, because of the 2000 swine that were drowned in it, when our Saviour suffered the devils to enter into them, Mat. 8. Mark. 5. Luke 8. Close by this town stood Gerasa, called also Gergesa, Mat. 8. so named (as some think) of Girgasus the son of Canaan, Gen. 10. Of Genesareth. THis was a Country bordering upon the Northwest side of the sea of Galilee, from whence this sea was called the Lake of Genesareth, Luke. 5. This land was very pleasant and fruitful, as if it had been a Prince's Garden, bringing forth fair Apples, Pomegranates, Palms, Olives, Vines, and diverse other kinds of pleasant Fruits, fair and goodly to the eye, and therefore not without cause was it called the Garden of a Prince; being derived of 'Gan, which signifies, a Garden; and Sur, a Prince. It is distant from jerusalem six and fifty miles towards the North, as you may read. Matth. 6. & 14. The chief cities of this country were Capernaum and Bethsaida; of which cities though in former times they were very fair and large, there are at this day not scarce eight houses to be seen. The Travels of our Saviour Christ in the third year of his Ministry, which was the three and thirtieth year of his age. FRom jerusalem our Saviour Christ returned, some six and fifty miles, into Galilee, and in the beginning of this year wintered in that place: so that (as it may be gathered out of the Evangelists) he continued there the most part of januarie and February, and now the Spring approaching, a little after the death of Saint john the Baptist (who, as it is thought, was put to death between the midst of Winter and the Spring, not long before the feast of the Passeover; so that he lived two years and a half in his Ministry) he wrought many notable miracles, not fare from the city of Bethsaida. The same time the Feast of the Passeover drawing near (which was the third Passeover of his Ministry) he went thence over jordan and so beyond the sea of Tiberias, Matth. 14. Make 6. Luke 9 At this time the Apostles of Christ being dispersed through all Galilee and judaea, teaching the Gospel of the Kingdom of heaven, hearing of the miserable death of john the Baptist, about the beginning of the Month of April returned with all possible speed out of every part to our Saviour Christ, that so they might be secure against the tyranny of Herod, Matth. 14. Mark 6. Luke 9 Also the Disciples of john came unto him and told him of his death and burial, Matth. 14. Our Saviour Christ therefore having by this means certain intelligence as he was between Bethsaida and Tiberias, of the death of S, john Baptist, in the month of April he went into a ship and passed about four miles to the further side of the sea of Galilee, where, in a certain desert, he fed five thousand men with five barley loaves and two fishes, joh. 6. From thence he returned back again to the sea, and so to Capernaum, which was four miles: here he made that long sermon of the spiritual eating of his flesh, Mat. 14. Luke 9 john 6. From thence he went to jerusalem, which was 56 miles, to the feast of the Passeover, being the third Passeover of his ministry. The third Passeover of the Ministry of Christ. Upon the thirteenth day of April being Sunday, according to the Ecclesiastical computation, Christ (as God commanded) celebrated the third Passeover of his Ministry for the space of eight days in the city of jerusalem, that is, till the twentieth day of the same month. After the feast of the Passeover, the jews took council how they might put him to death, joh. 7. wherefore about the end of April, he departed thence, & went 56 miles into the land of Galilee. In the month of May, after the controversy that happened concerning the tradition of the Elders (because of the fallacies & contentions of the Scribes and Pharises) he departed thence into the borders of Tyrus and Sydon, which was 56 miles, Matth. 15. and there entered into a house, and would fain have been private; but there was a certain woman that was a Grecian of Syrophoenissa came unto him and entreated his aid, Mark 7. But our Saviour having a determination to departed from this place, this woman was very importunate that he would dispossess her daughter of a devil; which (because of her importunity) he did, Mat 15. And after he went thence into the country of Trachonitis beyond jordan, going through the borders of Decapolis, and coming to the Galilean sea, and in the way he healed one that was both blind and dumb, Mark 7. and there ascending up into a mountain, he cured many that were blind and lame, and the third day after fed four thousand with seven loaves and a few fishes, Mat. 15. So this journey was 64 miles. Afterward in the same month of May he went into a ship and passed thence into the parts of Dalmatia, and upon the borders of Magdala, which was four miles, he propounded the sign of the Prophet jonah to the Pharises and Sadduces, Mat. 15. & 16. From thence he sailed to Bethsaida, which was 4 miles, & by the way he admonished his Disciples to take heed of the leaven of the Sadduces and Pharises, Mat. 16. and as he was entering into a town he cured a blind man of his sight, Mark 8. About the end of the month of May Christ went to jerusalem, which was 56 miles, where upon the second day of june he kept the feast of Penticost, according as God had commanded, Exod. 23. The feast of Penticost being ended, he returned from jerusalem into the Country of Galilee to Capernaum, where he dwelled, which was 56 miles. In the same month of june he went the second time unto the borders of the Gentiles, where Peter in the name of all the disciples upon the confines of Caesarea Philippi, made that notable confession, saying, Thou art Christ the son of the living God, Luk. 9 Capernaum is distant from Caesarea Philippi 48 miles. Six, or (as Luke saith) eight days after, our Saviour in the month of june went to the mountain Thabor, which stood 48 miles from Caesarea Philippi towards the South-west, where he was transfigured; and the next day after he cured the Lunatic, and cast out a Devil, Mat. 7. Mark 9 In the month of july Christ walked into Galilee, and there confirmed his doctrine with many wonderful miracles, which did greatly amaze his Disciples, where he put them in mind of the cross and of his death, Mat. 17. Luke 9 From thence he returned to Capernaum, which was 10 miles from Mount Thabor: at this time Peter went to the Lake of Genesereth, & there caught a fish, in whose mouth he found a Stater, which was worth ij. s. vi. d. in our money, Mat. 17. Here also our Saviour Christ made a long Sermon, wherein he reprehended the pride and arrogancy of his Disciples, and withal taught the doctrine of the remission of sins, Mat. 12. Mark. Luke 9 In the month of August he had a full determination to make a journey through Samaria into judaea, and so by little and little (visiting the Churches as he went) to go to jerusalem to the feast of the Tabernacles, john 7. but when he came to Samaria, which was ten miles from Capernaum, the Samaritans would not receive him, because he made as though he would go to jerusalem; wherefore he turned aside into Galilee, Luc. 9 And as he was there visiting the Churches, there came a certain man unto him saying, I will follow thee whither soever thou goest. But Christ answered him saying, The Foxes have holes, and the fowls of the heavens have nests, but the Son of man hath not where to hide his head, Matth. 8. And to another jesus said, Fellow thou me. But he answered, Let me first go and bury my father. There was another also that would have followed Christ, but he would first go take his leave of his friends, Luc. 9 In the month of September, about the time of the second harvest, which was next before the feast of the Tabernacles, Leu. 23. Christ began his last visitation throughout all the land of judea; at which time he sent forth seventy of his disciples into Galilee, to prepare the way, and so Dispersed labourers into his harvest; saying, The harvest is great, but the labourers are few, Luc. 10. This speech seems to be taken from the present condition of the time for it was now harvest time, it being a little before the vernal Equinoctial. About the beginning of October, when the feast of the Tabernacles drew near, the Disciples and those that were of the kindred of our Saviour according to the flesh, went up to the Feast, but he remained in Galilee, notwithstanding a little after he went privily up: now between Galilee and jerusalem were accounted 56 miles, joh. 7. Upon the ninth day of October was this feast celebrated in jerusalem; and being now half passed, our Saviour Christ taught publicly in the Temple, joh. 7. Upon the fifteenth day of October (it being the last day of the Feast of the Tabernacles, and the Sabbath day, he taught the second time publicly in the Temple, and so continued preaching and doing miracles in jerusalem until the Feast of the Dedication, which was kept about the middle of Winter, Matth. 4. In the Month of November he preached daily in the temple, and at night went to the Mount of Olives, where he rested, which was above half a mile from jerusalem, and every morning returned back to the Temple. At this time there came unto him certain Scribes and Pharases, who brought a woman which had been lately taken in adultery, and said unto him, Master, what shall we do with this woman, etc. And he answered, He among you that is without sin throw the first stone at her, john 8. About this time also were the Sermons concerning the power of the Son of God, and a great disputation between our Saviour and the jews, joh. 8. for which cause they would have stoned him. In the Month of December Christ wintered in jerusalem, and recited the parable of the Sheep, joh. 10. Also upon the Sabbath day a little before the feast of the Dedication, he healed a man that was born blind, john 9 In this feast the jews (being angry because he had healed the blind man upon the Sabbath day) compassed our Saviour about as he was in Solomon's Porch; and when they heard our Saviour confess openly, that he was the Son of God, they began to grow into a fury, and for very anger would have stoned him to death. Wherefore our Saviour Christ went thence beyond jordan, and continued there the rest of the Winter, john 10. But before he went to jerusalem there were returned unto him certain of the seventy Disciples, which a little before (in the month of September) he had sent abroad, and there at that time he recited the similitude of the man, who descending from jerusalem to jericho, fell amongst thiefs. This similitude seemeth to be taken from the present occasion, because our Saviour Christ going from jerusalem beyond jordan, was to pass through great wildernesses just in the way as they go thence to jericho, john 10. At the same time he went from jerusalem to Bethania, which was almost two miles, and there visited Mary and Martha, where Martha ministered unto him, but Mary sitting at his feet gave diligent heed to his Doctrine, Luke 10. At this time he took his leave of these two sisters, and went thence to Bethabara beyond jordan, where john baptised, which was 16 miles, it being now about the midst of Winter, Christ at this time being about 33 years of age. I am not ignorant that there were many which refer that long journey of our Saviour Christ when he went to visit all judaea, the sending forth of his Disciples, & diverse other miracles mentioned from the ninth chapter of Luke to the sixteenth, to the beginning of the following year. But I am of opinion that all those things could not have been done within the compass of four months, and before the feast of the Dedication: so that it must needs be that the seventy Disciples were sent forth before the feast of the Dedication; for after the feast of the Dedication (which was celebrated in the midst of Winter, john 10.) there were but two months between it and the raising up of Lazarus, in which short time all those things which are described by Luke, could not possibly be accomplished, especially considering that our Saviour Christ wintered some time in Bethabara, and there taught the multitude that came unto him, joh. 2. So these travels of our Saviour were 596 miles, or thereabouts, besides the diverse visitations and journeys he went hither and thither: which because of the great multitude of them, it was not possible for the Evangelist to set them down. Of the towns and places to which he traveled. Of Bethsaida. BEthsaida, signifies the house of hunting: being derived of Baith a house, and Zaid, hunting, from Zod, he hath hunted: for from this place went the fishers and hunters which fished and hunted through the world, jerem. 16. In this Town dwelled three Apostles, Peter, Andrew, and Philip, john 1. It was situated upon the West side of the Galilean sea; in the Tribe of Issachar, fifty six miles from jerusalem towards the North. And because of the abundance of Fishes that were in the sea of Galilee, Peter and Andrew became Fishers, and in that vocation got their living, till our Lord and Saviour Christ made them Fishers of men, Matt. 4. Luke 5. Before the birth of Christ this was but a small Town, and without doubt was so called from hunting; because close by it stood a wilderness that did greatly abound with wild beasts. Philip the Tetrarch of Traconitis and Itura made this a fair city, which in honour of julia he called juliades. This julia was the daughter of Augustus Caesar, and wife of Tiberias. Philip also brought many inhabitants thither, who dwelled in that City. But when Herod (the Tetrarch of Galilee, and brother of this Philip) had builded up Bethara, (which stood beyond the river jordan on the East side of the sea of Galilee) and called it by the name of juliades, in honour of this julia. This town re-edified and enlarged by Philip, was called again in the time of our blessed Lord and Saviour Christ, after the ancient name Bethsaida, and so continueth to this day. From hence it is manifest, that the sea of Galilee was subject to the government of both these Tetraches, since upon the shore thereof on both sides they had cities standing. I do think the wilderness or wood and land near adjoining to Bethsaida, is called Itura, of jetur the son of Ishmael, Gen. 25. or else from the compass and roundness of it; for Tur in Hebrew signifies, A circle. But that Itura stood upon the West side of the sea of Galilee, those that have been at the Holy land can testify. This city of Bethsaida hath an ancient water course coming from a river not far from it, which josephus calleth little jordan, which falleth into the sea of Galilee, just in the midway between this town and Capernaum, the channel whereof appeareth to this day. Beside the many sermons which our Saviour Christ preached here, he did many notable miracles, Marc. 8. etc. But for the ingratitude and impiety of the citizens the curse of our Saviour fell upon them, Woe be thee Chorazin, woe be to thee Bethsaida: for if the miracles had been done in Tyrus and Sidon, which have been done in thee, they had long ere this repent in sackcloth and ashes: Verily, verily I say unto you, it shall be easier for Tyrus and Sydon in the day of judgement, than for you, Matt. 11. Luc. 10. The prophecy of our Saviour Christ fell upon them accordingly; for after diverse and sundry overthrows and devastations, this town became utterly unpeopled, and as Britenbacchus saith, there are scarce six houses standing in it at this day. Of Chorazin. THis city also stands upon the further side of jordan, close by the sea of Galilee, in the same country as Capernaum stands: for the city of Chorazin standeth upon the East side of the river jordan, where it falleth into the sea of Galilee; and Capernaum upon the West, in the half tribe of Manasses, some 16 miles from the city of jerusalem towards the North. This city also neglecting the preachings and miracles of our Saviour Christ, felt the efficacy and force of the curse of the Son of God, Mat. 11. Luc. 10. For there is not at this day a house to be seen, only some ruins where it stood. Chorazin doth denote a dukedom or principality, from Coh and Razon, a Prince and Duke; for Rozez signifies, A laborious Prince. jerom turning this word Rozez into Razi, calls it A secret mystery, or my secret. Of Tiberias. TIberias standeth upon the West side of the sea of Galilee, 48 miles from jerusalem towards the North. Before the birth of Christ it was called Kinnereth, that is, the city of the Harp; after which name the lake of Tiberias or sea of Galilee is called, Numb. 14. But Herod the Tetrarch of Galilee (at whose command john the Baptist was beheaded) did beautify this City with many fair buildings and compassed about with strong walls, and after Tiberias Caesar's name called it Tiberias. He also gathered thither many inhabitants, and endowed it with many large privileges: for although this place before the restoring of the city was very filthy and impure, by reason of the dead bodies both of men and beasts, which lay in that place, (from whence it happened that the jews shunned this place as utterly unlawful, and durst not dwell there) yet notwithstanding, Herod with singular industry and diligence removed all that filthiness, and in that very place built up this City both fair and spacious; partly with gifts, partly with fair speeches alluring many jews to inhabit therein. Many poor people also built themselves houses at their own charge, and those that had no children gave way unto the liberty of the city; beside, many rich and noble men were constrained to remove their whole families, and to dwell in this city, so that in short time it became very well peopled, according to Ios. lib. Antiq. 18. cap. 4. & Egisip. lib. 2. cap. 3. Not above two miles from Tiberias towards the South, upon the shore of the sea of Galilee stood Tarachaea, a town wherein josephus dwelled. Now it happened that the citizens of Tiberias upon some discontent, and as it was thought at the instigation of one Clitus, fell into rebellion; of which josephus having certain intelligence, he caused all the gates of Terachaea to be shut, lest any man going thence should disclose his intentions, or any coming from Tiberias, should move that City also to rebellion; and then privily sent out a command to assemble all the ships and other vessels that were upon the sea or lake, even to the number of 230 ships; all which he caused to be manned only with four men apiece, and of a sudden sailed towards Tiberias. But when he came within view of the city, so that the citizens from the wall might discern the ships, he left the body of the navy a good way remote from Tiberias, and took only one ship manned with seven men, and went close to the city of Tiberias, as it seemed to have had a parley with the citizens: but they seeing such a multitude of ships, and the bold resolution of josephus, supposing that they had been sufficiently manned, and contained a great army, were greatly afraid, insomuch that they cast away their arms, and came out of the city with humble petitions to josephus, entreating him to spare the city, and to take pity of the inhabitants. Notwithstanding he utterly refused to show them any mercy, unless they would deliver unto him the Ruler of the city, which they did: so he settled the affairs of that Town, and took the Ruler thereof with him to Terachaea, where he committed him to prison. But after, it being certainly found out that one Clitus was the principal author of this rebellion, he sent Levyn one of his Guard with command to apprehend him and cut off both his hands: of which punishment Clitus being certainly informed, with tears and prayers humbly besought rhis Levyn that he would spare one of his hands, and he would willingly lose the other; which with much ado was granted him, upon condition that he would cut off his own hand: so he took his sword and cut off his left hand; which being done, josephus returned the captives to Tiberias and received the inhabitants again into favour, and ever after retained it in obedience. Vespasian also invaded this city at such time as he undertook his expedition against jerusalem, as it appeareth in josephus lib. de bello juda. cap. 16. but the inhabitants fearing his greatness, willingly submitted themselves to his power, and opened him the gates, going forth of the city to meet him with great humility, giving him and his whole army entertainment into the city, receiving him with music and songs, and with great acclamations and shouts; calling him their Saviour and protector: which kind of courtesies the Emperor took very lovingly, and in token of thankfulness for this kindness, he commanded his soldiers (after they had broken down a great part of the wall upon the South side) that they should abstain from all manner of rapine and violence; so that he continued there peaceably and went away peaceably. This city to this day (as Borchardus the Monk saith) is a fair town, situated to the longitude, upon the shore of the said sea, there being upon the South side many wholesome baths and springs; and there are to be seen also many great ruins of decayed buildings. The land also round about is very pleasant and fertile, abounding with Palm trees, Vines, Olives, and Figs. This city in ancient time was situated in the Tribe of Issachar. Of Tyrus or Zor. THis was the chief city of Phoenicia, distant from jerusalem 100 miles towards the North. It was first builded by the citizens of Zidon, (because of a sedition that happened in that City) 240 years before the Temple of Solomon, as josephus saith, just in the place where at this day the ruins of ancient Tyre are to be seen. But after it began to grow famous (which was about such tims as Troy was destroled) King Angenor removed it to a rock which stood in the heart of the Mediterranean sea, compassed about therewith like an Island, Ezek. 26. and bestowed great cost in fortifying and building it. It stood round, compassed with strong walls, beautified with goodly buildings, and fairly situated for the entertainment of ships; for which puprose, on every side there were many safe havens and harbours made. It was but a small town, almost three miles about, and two miles wide: yet the great Mart Town in those parts, for Merchants resorted thither from all the three parts of the World (Europe, Asia, and Africa) as well for the uttering as buying commodities; and was made so much the more famous, because of the situation and strength: It stood distant from the land of Phoenicia almost two miles; upon which continent they had obtained a portion of land for the maintenance of the city, containing 19000 paces in compass. The citizens also being greatly enriched, because of their traffic, built up many fair cities and towns in more remote parts, which was added to their jurisdiction, as Leptis, Utica, rnd Carthage, situated in Africa. They also built Cades, which at this day is called Calais, as Pliny saith, lib. 5. cap. 19 being situated in a very fair Island in the Mediterranean sea, not far from Hercules' pillars; insomuch as the citizens of this town having thus enlarged their command, and increased their substance; In every place they called themselves Princes, and took upon them to wear scarlet and purple, which colours in that place above all other colours, were most artificially died: And because of the rarity of them, transported thence into many countries more remote. But because of their extreme arrogancy and pride, it was twice conquered and ruinated: First by Nabuchadonozer Emperor of Babylon: and then by Alexander the Great, as it appeareth in Quint. Curtius, lib. in the life of Alexander. Now the occasion that Alexander made war upon this City, was because the citizens upon a time sending unto him certain Ambassadors with a crown of gold, in token of friendship, and to congratulate his prosperity (which he accepted very kindly, and gave them royal entertainment, as to his friends) amongst other things, he told them that he would come unto their City, and do sacrifice to their god Hercules (for the kings of the Macedonians are persuaded that they proceed from the offspring of that god, and beside he was commanded by an Oracle so to do.) But the Ambassadors of Tyre answered, that the Temple of Hercules stood without the city in Paaetzron, where ancient Tyre stood; so that the King might easily come thither to do sacrifice; but Alexander hearing these words, could not contain himself, but in a great anger answered, And do ye proud Citizens put such trust in the strength and situation of your City, that you think I am not able to come to it with my Army by land? You shall well perceive within this short space, that you are situated upon the continent, and that I will enter it and sack it. With these terrible words the Ambassadors departed and shortly after Alexander followed them with a great and mighty army. But when it was known that Alexander had undertaken the sacking of this city, there were many that thought it almost impossible for him to accomplish his designs; first, because of the inconstancy of the winds, and the vehemency of the water, whereby all such matter as they cast into the sea to join it to the continent, would be driven away by the violence of the Water; again, the city was compassed about with such exceeding high walls, and fortified with such strong towers, that it was not possible for him to bring any engines to batter them, or fasten any scaling ladders to ascend them, unless it were by ships. Twice Alexander attempted by flinging into the sea mighty trees of Libanus, and heaps of the ruins of ancient Tyre to have made a bridge to it, or else join it to the continent, insomuch as the Tyrians mocked the Macedonians; saying, What, can your king Alexander conquer Neptune the God of the sea? For the violence of the sea was so extreme, that it carried away all things with it, and oftentimes broke the ships that were joined together to make a bridge, and drowned the soldiers that besieged and sought against the city. During this siege, a Citisen of Tyrus dreamt that their Idol Apollo would departed from them; whereupon they bond the Image of Apollo with a chain of gold, unto the pillar whereon he stood, that he might not leave them. There happened also a horrible ostent amongst the Macedonians; for a certain soldier breaking bread, there fell from it some few drops of blood; at the hearing of which accident Alexander was greatly amazed, until he was resolved by one Aristander a very skilful Prophet, That if it issued from off the outside of the bread, it had betokened a heavy event to the Macedoniaes'; but in regard that it issued from the inside of the bread, it foreshowed that he should forthwith conquer the town he had so long besieged: And so it happened; for when Alexander had besieged the city for the space of seven months, with great difficulty he won it: but before he could win it he was constrained to use a great multitude of ships and fasten them together with iron bands, upon which placing many engines of battery and other offensive instruments, what with the moving of the ships and the extreme violence of the battery, they overcame the city. This exploit Alexander performed when he was 25 years of age, and about 300 years before Christ. There was one thing that Alexander did during his siege, that was memorable; for before any of his soldiers would attempt to ascend the walls, he went in person with his crown upon his head, and in princely armour, and scaled a high tower of the city, where he expressed an extraordinary resolution, and by reason of his courage did great hurt to the enemy, who perceiving him to be the King, resorted to that place in great heaps, and shot at him with all their might; but he manfully defended himself, and compelled the enemy to fly. In this assault there were 6000 of the inhabitants slain; and after he had entered the walls and sacked the city, he caused 2000 to be tied to crosses and thrown into the sea. From whence may be gathered, that God by this young Prince did accomplish this great work, that the prophecies of the Prophets, Esay 23. jeremy 43. and Ezekiel 25.26. might be fulfilled. Afterward Alexander (as Pliny and Strabo observeth) caused the sea to be filled up, that it might be no more an Island, and joined it to the continent; upon which place he caused Tyrus to be rebuilded, and compassed it about with a wall five and twenty foot thick, strengthened with twelve towers, that it might be sufficiently fortified to oppose the incursion of any enemy; so that it continued safe a long time after, and in the time of our Saviour Christ was a fair city, though it never attained to the former dignity and power that it had before Alexander conquered it. The ancient city of Tyre was distant from this city about four miles towards the South. Our Saviour Christ being in the borders of Tyrus and Sidon, helped a woman of Canaan, whose daughter had been cruelly tormented with a Devil, Matt. 15. In the time of Dioclesian the Emperor, there were many Martyrs put to death in this City: And at this time it is called by the name of El porta deal zur, that is, the haven of Zur; as it was in the Old Testament called by the name of Zor. In the year 1100, when the holy land was in the hands of the Christians, there was an Archbishop of Tyre, under whose government were the Bishops of Ptolomais, Sydon, and Beryti, etc. The holy man Origen lieth buried in this city: in the Church of the holy Sepulchre, which is compassed about & fortified with a mighty strong wall. There also lies buried the Emperor Frederick Barbarosso, who died Anno 1160, after he had done many valiant acts, and fought many great battles for the Christians against the Turks and Saracens, being overcome by Saphadinus the Sultan's son, and put to flight, was drowned in the river of Suro, to the great grief of his army; but he left behind him a famous report. Pope Alexander the third being a great enemy to this Emperor, in S. Mary's church in the city of Venice, when this Prince submitted himself to his Holiness, set his foot upon his neck, repeating these words, Thou shalt tread upon the Asp and upon the Basilisk, etc. Eusebius in his Ecclesiastical History saith, that there are yet standing in Tyre certain Marble pillars, and other precious stones of a wonderful greatness, that it amasseth such as behold them; near to which there have been many Christians and Pilgrims put to death by the Saracens. There are also four wells of wholesome and pleasant water standing not far from it, of which wells you may read before. Of Zidon. THis also was a city of Phoenicia, situated upon the shore of the Mediterranean sea, thirty six miles from jerusalem toward the North, and sixteen from Tyrus. In times past it was assigned to the Tribe of Ashur, and lay upon the borders of the Philistines, near to Mount Libanus. Being called Sidon or Zidon, of Zidon the son of Canaan, who first built it, Gen. 10. and signifies a hunter. It was a notable mart town, wherein much Satin was made, which kind of stuff was very precious among the jews: and it is said, That joseph of Arimathia wrapped the body of our Saviour in white Satin, for in Matthew 27. it is called Zadin, which in English is Satin. And as at this day the finest glass is made at Venice, so the finest glass in those times was made at Sarepta, a city that belonged to the Sidonians: about which there stood many mines, of which it is ' called Sarepta, as you may read before. This town in times past was one of the chief cities of Phoenicia, but because of the extraordinary pride of the citizens, God afflicted them with diverse punishments, & brought in Ocho king of the Persians, who besieged it, and by treason won it and burned it to the ground, as Diodorus Siculus lib. 16. saith. The citizens whereof were driven to such straits by the enemy, that there perished in the fire above forty thousand men. Within a while after Darius last Emperor of the Persians rebuilt it, but made it nothing so beautiful, neither fortified it in like manner as it was before: he ordained one Strato to be King thereof, a man proud and arrogant. After, about three hundred and two years before the nativity of Christ, Alexander being then but 24 years of age, having overcome Darius that mighty Emperor of the Persians, at Issa a city of Cilicia, in a cruel and sharp war; he sent Hephestion one of his Princes, to the Sydonians, with authority to depose Strato, and to let the citizens understand that they should choose him for their King, whom they thought most worthy of that honour, as Quint. Curt. showeth, lib. 4. At this time there was a certain young man among the followers of Hephestion, in whose behalf he moved the citizens that he might be their King; but they refused, saying, it was not their custom to choose any to rule over them, but such as were of the King's stock and progeny. Hephestion hearing this answer, greatly admired their resolution and modesty, especially when they refused to accept him for their King, whom others had sought to obtain with fire and sword; saying, Truly there is more required to rule and govern a Kingdom, than to get it; but yet name one unto me of royal descent, whom you would willingly receive to be your King. So they named unto him one Abdolomius, who had been known to have been of the King's stock, by many descents; but because of his poverty he was constrained to dwell in the suburbs of the City in a cottage, and had little else but a Garden to live upon. This man howsoever poor, and because of that, of many contemned; yet he was known to be honest and of an upright life, following with all diligence his vocation, without any regard of other business; insomuch as he was utterly ignorant of all these stir and combustions which had so lately vexed Asia. As he was now in his garden digging and labouring, purging it of weeds, and planting herbs; Hephestion with the rest of the Citizens went unto him, and brought him the robes and habiliments of a King. The poor Gardner stood amazed to see such a company of gallants come unto him: but Hephestion told him, That the occasion of their coming was to make an exchange with him of those royal ornaments which he had in his hands, for those poor and foul garments which he wore; therefore go and wash thyself and return. So he did, where immediately they put upon him those royal robes, and saluted him as their Sovereign. Afrer these things were finished, quoth Hephestion, Now remember in what a state thou art, no more Gardener but a King; and therefore take unto thee the mind and resolution of a King, that so thou mayest rule and govern this city as a man worthy of that honour; and remember, that although the lives and goods of thy subjects are at thy command, yet by them thou wast chosen, neither be forgetful of him that was the author of thine honour. No sooner was he enthronised in his kingdom, but fame (who is more speedy than a thousand Posts) had dispersed this news through all the neighbouring cities: some being thereby moved to admiration, and quickened in their studies; others stirred up to indignation and envy. Those that were mighty and friends to Alexander, contemned and despised his humility and poverty; and no sooner were they come into his presence, but they began to accuse him for his ignorance: wherefore Alexander commanded that he should come before him, where, after he had wel● viewed the lineaments and proportion of his person, and could not perceive it any whit repugnant to the fame of his birth, he demanded of him how it was possible that he should endure his poverty with patience. To which he answered, I pray the gods I may continue the government of this kingdom with the like mind; for these hands were sufficient for me to live by, and as I had nothing, so I wanted nothing. At which answer Alexander was so well pleased, that he not only gave him all the princely jewels and ornaments of the first king called Strato, but also a great part of the booty which he took from the Emperor of Persia, and added to his command all the neighbouring countries round about. This history I have inserted, that thereby we might perceive the mighty power of God in all his works; that can exalt the poor, contented with his estate, out of the very dust, and can pull the mighty from their thrones. So the Evil cark and care in this world to gather riches for the Virtuous to inherit. But to return to Sidon: This city did so much increase, and grew so famous in succeeding ages, that it was the chief town (Tyrus only excepted) in all Phoenicia, joining upon the West to the Mediterranean sea, extending itself towards the North and South, lying in a plain under Antilibanus, which mountain lay some two miles off it upon the East. It oftentimes, because of the pride of the inhabitants, felt the wrath and punishing hand of God, as well by the invasion of Enemies, as sickness and dearth, according to the predictions of the Prophets, Esay 28. and Ezek. 28. until at last in succeeding ages it was utterly destroyed, the ruins of which city remain to this day, and make evident that it was a fair and spacious town. There is to be seen yet to this day a city built out of the ruins of the former (though nothing so large as it) very strong & mightily fortified, so that it seemeth almost invincible, if it have men wherewith to defend it. Upon the one side it joineth to the sea, and upon the other side of it there standeth two mighty strong castles, one of them situated toward the North, upon a very strong ●ock as it were in the heart of the sea, the which was built by certain Pilgrims that came out of Germany to visit the holy city of ●erusalem. The other of them was situated upon a hill toward the South of the city, as well fortified, and no less difficult to be conquered. These two castles with the whole city in times past were in the hands of the Knight's tempars. The land round about it is very pleasant and fertile, abounding with all kind of good things necessary for the maintenance of life and delight. There is also found great abundance of Grapes which are very delicious and pleasant to the taste, whereof the wine Canamella is made. But because the Turks and Saracens are inhibited by the strict law of their Koran from drinking of wine, therefore they suffer no vineyards to be planted, neither the inhabitants to dress those Vines that grow naturally. Before the East gate of the ancient city which now lies destroyed, there is built a Chapel, in which place they say the woman of Canaan entreated our Saviour Christ to cast a Devil out of her daughter, Mat. 15. The mountain Antilibanus beginneth close by the river Eleutherius, and extends itself beyond Tripoli; and in some places it joineth so close to the sea, that for the straightness of the ways those that travail that way can scarce pass. In this city was the fairest purple in all those parts: nay as some Authors affirm, the like was not to be found in the world, etc. Of Cana Syro-Phoenicea. THis town, which was called Cana the Great, was situated upon the borders of Tyrus and Sydon, 112 miles from jerusalem Northward, situated in the Tribe of Ashur, 4 miles from Sydon towards the South, and three from Sarepta towards the East. In this town the Syrophoenician dwelled, that besought our Saviour Christ to heal her daughter that was possessed of a devil, Mat. 15. Mar. 7. It was called Cana, to put a difference between it and another Cana situated in Galilee the lower; in which city our Saviour Christ turned water into wine. You may read more of this town before. Of Trachonitis. THis city was so called from the stony hardness of the mountains of Gilead which compass it in upon the East side: in which province the tribe of Gad and the half tribe of Manasses inhabited. It was in ancient times called Basan; in which Og the mighty Giant had a great command: but Moses overcame him, and gave the land to the tribe of Gad and the half tribe of Manasses. In Christ's time the Tetrarch and governor of it was Philip, who was son to Herod the Great, and brother to Herod Antipas Tetrarch in Galilee and Petraea; which Herod took to wife Herodia, whom his brother Philip had formerly married, the said Philip being at that time alive: but because john Baptist reprehended him for that fact, therefore at her request he was beheaded in the Castle of Machera. Itura was another Province belonging to the tetrarchy of Philip, joining upon the West to the river of jordan, and called Galilee of the Gentiles, of which you may read before. Of Decapolis. THis country is so called of ten cities that were situated in it. It stood beyond jordan and the sea of Galilee, as may be gathered out of Mark, ca 7. and Mat. 15. So that it is manifest that that country which in times past was called Gilead, was afterward known and called by the name of Decapolis, because of the ten cities which stood there; as Chorazin which Christ cursed, Mat. 11. Gamala, where Agrippa King of the jews was hurt in his right arm, Ios. de bell. jud. lib. 4. cap. 1. juliades, built by Herod Antipas in honour of the Empress julia. Gadara, where our Saviour Christ cast out the legion of devils, suffering them to enter into the herd of swine, Mat. 8. Mar. 5. Astaroth, the chief city of that Country in the time of Og King of Basan, Ios. cap. 12. Here also that holy man job sometimes had his dwelling. jabes in Gilead, where Saul King of Israel lieth buried, 1 Sam. 31. Mizpah, where jeptha offered his daughter for a sacrifice to the Lord, judg. 11. Ramoth in Gilead, where King Ahab was slain with a Dart, 1 Reg. 22. And Abel of the Vines, where baalam's Ass spoke, Num. 22. These are those ten cities whereof this country is called Decapolis; being situated in the land of Gilead between jordan, where our Saviour healed the man that was both blind and deaf, Mark 7. This opinion exactly agreeth with that of the holy scripture. Yet I know there are some (as Plin. lib. 5. cap. 18. and others) who differ from this in the description of this country, but they err from the truth. Of Magdala. THis was a city situated upon the West side of the Galilean sea, 52 miles from jerusalem Northward; in which Country Mary (who of this town was called Magdalen) was borne. At this time this city is called by the name of Castle Magdala; in which place they show the house of Mary Magdalen. Upon the West and North side of the city there lieth a great and spacious plain, preserved only for pasture, which Mar. cap. 8. calls Dalmanutha, that is, Drawn dry, or a poor and naked habitation; being derived of Dalal, He hath made dry; and Maon, a House or dwelling place. It may be a notable figure of the Christian Church, which in this world may rightly be said to have a poor habitation, but yet is a right Magdala, that is, a strong and impregnable Tower, against which the gates of Hell shall not be able to prevail, Matt. 16. Upon the borders of Magdala and Dalmanutha, the Pharisees and Sadduces tempting our blessed Saviour Christ, demanded of him a sign from heaven, Mat. 15.16. Mar. 8. This city belonged to the tribe of Issacher. Of Thabor. MOunt Thabor was a round and high hill, upon which our blessed Saviour Christ was transfigured: situated upon the borders of the tribes of Issacher & Zebulon, fifty two miles from the City of jerusalem towards the North, and extendeth itself toward the South to the river Kison. Hear Deborah and Barack discomfited the Host of Sisera King of the Canaanites, and put them to flight, jug. 4. Of this mountain you may read, Psal. 89. Hos. 4. jerem. 45. There was also a town called after this name, situated at the foot of this mountain, where Ziba and Zalmana Kings of the Midianites put to death the brothers of Gideon, judges 8. It was a very fruitful and pleasant place. Concerning the signification of the name you may read before. Egesippus saith, That this mountain is almost four miles in height, and that upon the top thereof there is a round Plain almost three miles over, in which there grows great plenty of trees of an admirable pleasantness and sweetness; amongst which Trees there are many birds which sing very pleasantly, to the great delight of all such as hear them: and the air on the top of it is very pure and pleasant. It is the received opinion, that upon the top of this mountain our Saviour Christ in the presence of Peter, james, and john, was transfigured, and he spoke with the holy Prophets Moses and Elias, Mat. 17. Luke 9 which place at this day is compassed about with a great Wall, within which is a fair and pleasant Orchard, watered with many clear & goodly springs, but there is no man that dwells in it, (notwithstanding there are many towns and inhabitants at the foot of the mountain) neither do they think any man worthy to dwell in it, they hold it in such estimation, and reverence it as the Hill of God. There are to be seen in it diverse great ruins of Palaces, Towers, and princely Edifices; in which at this day there harbour many Lions and other wild beasts. It is very difficult to ascend up to the top of it, it is so exceeding high: it is one of the principal hills in the holy land, not only because that Christ on it was transfigured, but because it is very fruitful, and plentifully aboundeth with Vines and other profitable plants, and herbs. The air thereof is wholesome and good, and the dew upon it rising thick and sweet, with indifferent rain; the trees high and fair, green both Winter and Summer. At the foot of the mountain, towards the South near to Endor, in the way that leadeth from Syria into Egypt, is showed the place where (as it is said) Melchisedech met with Abraham, when he returned from the battle of the four Kings, Gen. 14. At the foot of the mountain lying toward the West, just against Nazareth, there is a Chapel built, in the place where they say our Saviour Christ descending from this mountain, spoke to his Disciples saying, Tell none of this vision, Mat. 17. Upon the East side of it runs the brook Kison, where Barak and Deborah overcame the Army of Sisera, judg. 4. There is also another hill in the upper part of Galilee, 92 miles from jerusalem Northward, which hill is also called Thabor, and is three miles distant from Caesarea Philippi Eastward: but that was not the place of Christ's Transfiguration. The Travels of Christ in the fourth year of his Ministry, be the four and thirtieth of his age. IN the month of january Christ the son of God wintered in Bethabara, 16 miles from jerusalem Northeastward, where john sometimes baptised, joh. 10. And many came unto him saying, john shown us no signs, but whatsoever he preached of this Christ are true. And many believed on him. Now as Christ went into the Desert to preach, his Disciples came unto him saying, Lord teach us to pray, as john taught his Disciples to pray. Whereupon he prescribed to his Disciples a form of prayer, which is called the Lords prayer, Luke 11. At this time there came unto him a great multitude, and thronged about him, where he made that long sermon which is described Luke 12 & 13. Upon the seventeenth day of januarie, it being then the Sabbath, he cured a certain woman which had been diseased 18 years, Luke 13. And when there came unto him certain Pharisees saying, Thou art the Son of God, wherefore get thee out of this country, for Herod seeks to kill thee: jesus answered them saying, Go and tell that crafty Fox, Behold, I cast out Devils to day and to morrow, and the third day I shall be perfected. Presently he departed out of Petraea, (where Herod kept his Court in the castle of Macharuntes) and went into Galilee beyond jordan, 28 miles, Luke 13. Upon the last day of january being the Sabbath, our Lord and Saviour Christ healed (in the house of a certain prince of the Pharisees) a man sick of the dropsy, and recited the parable of the great Supper, Luke 14. In the month of February he went through all Galilee, which was 80 miles long, and 24 broad; in which visitation there followed him a great company. And when there came unto him Publicans and sinners, he began to speak of repentance: but the Pharisees and Scribes murmured at him, and opposed his parables of the lost sheep, of the woman that had lost her groat, & of the prodigal son, Luke 15. And a little after he recited unto his disciples the parable of the unjust Steward, and of Dives and Lazarus, Luke 16. About the later end of February (as by the circumstance of the history and times may appear) he made that sermon of the power of Faith and Good works, etc. Luk. 17. And going out of Galilee through the midst of Samaria he healed the ten Lepers, Luk. 17. he recited the parable of the unjust judge, and that of the Publican and Pharisee, Luke 18. In the month of March he finished this general visitation. Which journeys were so many & diverse that his disciples could not describe them. Notwithstanding in this month he went into the borders of judaea and Petraea beyond jordan, and came to Bethabara where john sometimes baptised, and there followed him a great company, and he healed them, Matth. 19 Mark 10. There the Pharisees moved the disputation of the Divorce, and Christ lovingly embraced the little children, Mar. 20. In this month of March Lazarus the brother of Martha and Mary, who dwelled at Bethania, fell sick of a deadly disease, and they sent messengers to Christ, who at this time was at Bethabara, to give him to understand of his sickness, joh. 11. This message came unto our Saviour Christ to Bethabara upon the twentieth day of March, being the last day of the twelfth month Adar, Anno Mundi 4000 and about such time as the seventy weeks spoken of by Daniel were fully ended: At the end of which prophesy it behoved Christ, that he might fulfil the prophecies of the old Testament) to suffer, and by his resurrection and ascension to enter into the glory of God, and to be partaker of his eternal kingdom. Although our Saviour had received this message of the sickness of Lazarus, he stayed at Bethabara. Two days after, and as it may be thought about the 22 day of March, which was the second day of the first month Ahib, Lazarus died. But Lazarus being dead and buried, than our Saviour went from Bethabara towards jericho, joh. 14. Luke 8. and in the way a man came to him and said, Good Master what shall I do that I may inherit eternal life? Christ said unto him, Go and sell all that thou hast, and give it unto the Poor, and thou shalt find treasure in heaven, and then come and follow me. But because he was very rich he refused, and went his way. After, he recited the Parable of the Laborers in the vineyard, making mention of predestination. Also in this journey he reprehended the sons of Zebedeus for their pride and arrogancy, and foretelleth his disciples of his death and passion, and in the way healed the blind man that sat begging, and so entered into jericho, where he rested all night in the house of Zacheus, Mat. 20. Zacheus signifies Clean. Upon the 24 of March Christ went from jericho to Bethania, which was 12 miles. Here he healed Bartimeus the son of Timaeus, Mark 10. (Timaus signifieth Unclean, of Tame, He is defiled) And going a little further he healed other two, restoring them to sight, Matth. 19 Upon the 25 of March (being Tuesday) our Saviour Christ came to Bethania, where by the power of his word he raised Lazarus to life after he had been buried four days, Io. 11. Lazarus and Eleazar have both one signification, that is, God is my Help. Upon the 26 day of March, the feast of the Passeover of the jews drawing near, he sent from Bethania to the city of Ephraim near to the desert, that he might avoid the traps and deceits of the jews, who went about to take him, john 11. which was ten miles. Upon the 27 day of March he returned back again from Ephraim to Bethania (being 10 miles) coming thither about the evening, six days before the Passeover, at which time Martha ministered to him, & Mary anointed his feet, whereat judas grudged, joh. 12. Upon the Sabbath day, being the 28 of March, he rested in Bethania at the house of Martha. Now as he was at supper with Lazarus, many of the jews understanding that he was there, resorted thither, not only to see him, but Lazarus also whom he had raised from the dead, joh. 12. Upon the 29 of March Christ sitting upon an ass went to jerusalem. Now when the multitude heard that he was come unto jerusalem, they went out to meet him, some laying their garments in the way, others strowing the boughs of trees, where he should go; and those that went before cried saying, Hosanna to the Son of David, blessed be he that cometh in the name of the Lord. At this time our Saviour Christ wept over jerusalem, and cast out all those that bought and sold in the Temple, Matt. 21. joh. cap. 17. About the evening he went out of the city again to Bethania, almost two miles, and there rested all night, Mat. 21. So this day's journey was almost four miles. In the evening of this day the jews chose their Paschal lamb, according to the Law, Exod. 12. Upon the 30 day of March he went from Bethania to jerusalem betimes in the morning; in which journey he cursed the Figtree that wanted fruit, and after entering into the city, he cast out of the Temple the money-changers and Merchants, Mark 11. About the evening (as may be gathered by circumstance of time) he returned back again to Bethania. This day's journey was four miles. Upon the last day of March in the morning Christ went back again from Bethania to jerusalem; and by the way as he went, his Disciples beheld the Fig tree that he had cursed, and lo it it was dried up, Mar. 11. After, when he was in the Temple, there came certain Pharisees unto him and disputed with him. At which time he recited the Parable of the marriage of the King's daughter. Also certain Scribes and Pharisees came unto him ask him whether it was lawful to pay tribute unto Caesar, Matth. 21.22. He also sharply rebuked the Scribes and Pharisees, and recited the Simile of the Hen and her Chickens, Mat. 23. After that, he went to the mount of Olives, almost a mile. And then his Disciples looking upon the goodly building of the temple, from thence he took occasion to preach of the destruction of jerusalem, & the consummation of the world; so he stayed all that night in the mount of Olives, Mat. 24. Upon the first day of April being Wednesday, our Saviour Christ rising before day, taught again in the Temple; and after as he was going to Bethania, he said to his Disciples, Know ye that within these two days is the feast of the Passover, and the Son of man shall be delivered tnto the hands of sinners, and crucified. At the same time the chief Priests assembled themselves together, and took counsel how they might do to take him by deceit, Mat. 26. The same day as our Saviour Christ was in the house of Simon the Leper, (whom he had healed of that sickness) there came a woman and brought a box of precious ointment and poured it upon his head, at which the Disciples murmured, Mat. 26. Mar. 14. Luke 21. The 4. Passeover of the Ministry of Christ Upon Turseday being the second day of April, the days of the feast of the Passeover being now at hand, Christ with his disciples prepared for the eating of the Paschal Lamb; which was the fourth Passeover of our Saviour, and when about the evening of this day it was necessary for them to keep the Paschall Lamb, and to prepare the Passeover according to God's Law; Christ sent Peter and john to make ready the Supper, and he with the rest of his Disciples about evening went from Bethania toward jerusalem, just at the beginning of the 14 day of the 1 month Abib or Nisan, which began about the evening of this day. Here he celebrated his last supper among his Disciples, between six and seven of the clock in the evening; at which time he celebrated the sacrament of the Lords supper, concerning the true receiving of his body and blood: of which you may read, Mat. 26. Mark 14. Luke 22. 1 Cor. 11. Afterward about the eight hour he washed his Disciples feet, and then leaning upon the table, he pointed out judas that should betray him, john ca 13. From the ninth hour to the tenth hour, about the second Watch of the night, judas that Traitor went from his Disciples, joh. 13. In the mean time Christ made that long sermon recited only by john, 14.15.16. and made that effectual prayer, john 17. About the 10 hour (after they had sung a Psalm) Christ went over the brook Cedron, to the garden of Gethsamene, being somewhat more than half a mile. There between the hours of 11 and 12, he sweat water and blood, and prayed earnestly. About 12 of the clock, it being then midnight, Christ was betrayed by judas, who about three days before had sold him for thirty silverlings, which was worth about 3 li. 15 s. From Gethsamene the jews brought him bound to jerusalem being more than half a mile: and about one of the clock in the morning carried him to the house of Annas who was one of the chief priests. About two of the clock they led him from thence to Caiaphas' chief Priest. From three of the clock till 4, (which was about cocks crowing) Peter denied Christ. At the same time Caiaphas and all the Priests of jerusalem would have condemned the Lord of Glory the son of God. At the same time also the servants and Officers of the Priests beat him and mocked him. About five of the clock in the morning Christ was condemned by the whole consent of the Synedrion of the jews, Luke 22. All these things Christ suffered between Thursday and Friday. And whereas the jews according to the commandment of God begin their day in the evening, therefore that night wherein our Saviour Christ suffered all these things, belonged unto the 14 day of the month Abib. So that just at the same time as the Feast of the Paschal Lamb was celebrated amongst the jews, Christ the true Lamb of God was made a living sacrifice on the Cross for the sins of man. Thus as we have observed the hours of the night, so likewise let us observe the hours of the day. Friday being the third day of April (which as I have said began the evening before) was the fourteenth day of the first month Abib or Nisan among the jews. At six of the clock in the morning, about Sun rising of the same day, our Saviour jesus Christ was brought unto Pilate, and judas Iscariot hanged himself, because he had betrayed the innocent blood. About seven of the clock in the same morning our Saviour Christ was carried to Herod Antipas, that cruel Tyrant who the year before had put john Baptist to death: here he was daisdainfully handled. At 8 of the clock our Saviour Christ returned to Pilate, who propounded unto the jews (because they were to have a capital offender delivered unto them at the feast of the Passover) whether they would have jesus their King, or Barabas who had been a murderer, let lose unto them? But they condemned jesus and chose Barabas, which name signifies, The son of the multitude, or a seditious man. About 9 of the clock in the morning (which the jews commonly called the third hour of the day, because it succeeded the morning, and continued till noon) our Saviour Christ was whipped and crowned with thorns. About ten of the clock Pontius Pilate, in the place called Gabbatha publicly condemned Christ to be crucified, and washed his hands in token of innocence. Pontius signifies cruel and inhuman; Pilate, a man armed with a Roman dart, Mart. lib. 10. joh. 19 Between ten and 11, our Saviour Christ carrying his cross, was brought to the place called Golgotha. About 11 of the clock (the third hour of the morning being not yet fully finished) our Saviour Christ was fastened upon the cross, Mark 13. He therefore hung 4 hours upon the cross, that is, from about 11 of the clock, till about three in the afternoon. And he spoke before that supernatural Eclipse of the Sun three memorable sayings: First, Father forgive them, for they know not what they do, Luke 19 Secondly he said to his mother, Woman behold thy Son: And to john being converted, Behold thy mother. Thirdly, to the Thief, Verily I say unto thee, this day thou shalt be with me in Paradise. About twelve of the clock (in that meridian which the jews call the sixth hour, that is, the sixth hour from the rising of the Sun) that supernatural Eclipse of the Sun happened, of which you may read in Dionysius the Areopagite, and Eusebius. About three of the clock in the afternoon, which the jews call the ninth hour (the Sun now beginning to receive his light) our Saviour Christ spoke these four sayings, My God, my God why hast thou forsaken me? Matth. 27. I thirst, joh. 19 When he had taken the Sponge he said, It is finished, joh. 19 And after, crying out with a loud voice he said, Father into thy hands I commend my spirit, and so died. At which time there were many wonderful miracles wrought, as you may read Mat. 27. Mark 15. Luk. 23. joh. 19 About four of clock in the afternoon our blessed Saviour was pierced through with a Lance, and there issued out of his side blood and water, joh. 19 About five of the clock, which the jews call the eleventh hour of the day, our Saviour Christ was buried by joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus. About the sixth hour there fell an eclipse of the Moon, which was natural and not miraculous, neither is it observed by any of the Evangelists. Upon the fifteenth day of the first month, which answereth to the 4 of April (being justly called the great and holy Sabbath of the jews, for that Christ this day rested in the Sepulchre) the Priests & Pharisees being partly joyful because, as they thought, the disturber of the common peace & one that opposed their authority was dead; and partly careful how they might prevent his resurrection, went to Pilate, and obtained of him a band of soldiers to watch the sepulchre, and to put his seal upon the stone. Upon the fift day of April early in the morning, our Saviour Christ having overcome death and the devil, by his divine power raised himself up from the dead, according as he had foretold his disciples, and appeared to Mary Magdalen, joh. 20. and to other women that touched his feet, Mat. 28. About noon he appeared to Simon Peter, Luk. 24. 1 Cor. 15. In the afternoon he traveled with two of his disciples almost 8 miles, to the castle of Emaus, Luke 24. One of these disciples was Cleopas the brother of joseph, who brought up our Saviour Christ. The other, as may be gathered by the circumstance of the story, was Luke, because he hath set it down so exactly. In the evening of the same day he returned invisibly from Emaus to jerusalem, 8 miles, where when the doors were all shut, and his disciples were assembled together for fear of the jews, jesus came and stood in the midst of them and said, Peace be unto you. And he shown himself to all his Disciples except Thomas. Mark calleth this the first day of the Sabbath, that is, of the week, Mark 16. Luke 24. joh. 20. for the Sabbath of the jews (as josep. witnesseth) is not only taken for a day of rest, but also for the whole week: from whence is that saying in the Gospel, jejuniobis in Sabbato, i. I fast twice in the week, Luke 18. Upon the 12 day of April, and eight days after his resurrection, he appeared again to does disciples, Thomas being then present and the doors shut; that he might make evident that his Omnipotency was not tied to any secondary causes, or hindered by the property of any natural bodies, which according to S. Austin. Ser. 160. was so much the more wonderful, because he appeared unto them substantially and effectually, not as a Phantasma or Shadow which vanisheth away, and is without any corporiall substance. In the same month of April our Saviour Christ appeared again to Peter, Thomas, Nathaniel, the sons of Zebedeus, and other two Disciples, as they were fishing upon the shore of Tiberias, which stood 56 miles from jerusalem Northward, between Bethsaida and Capernaum, joh. 21. The day of this apparition is not set down. From the sea of Tiberias near to Capernaum and Bethsaida, to mount Thabor situated in Galilee, is reckoned 10 miles: there about the end of April our Saviour Christ appeared to above 500 brethren at once, where many worshipped him, & others doubted, Mat. 28. 1 Cor. 15. In the month of May our Saviour Christ appeared to james the son of Alpheus, for he had been seen before of james the son of Zebedeus: both which were after crowned with martyrdom in the city jerusalem; the son of Zebedeus upon the 25 day of july, ten years after the resurrection; and the son of Alpheus upon the feast day of the Passeover was thrown from a Pinnacle of the Temple, 29 years after the resurrection of our Saviour. Upon the 40 day after his resurrection he returned fifty six miles to jerusalem, where his disciples were assembled together: and upon the fourteenth day of May, in the sight of all the Apostles, with great triumph and joy he ascended up into heaven, and sitteth at the right hand of his father in divine majesty and glory Mar. & Luk. vlt. Act. 1. Psal. 28. Ephes. 1. 1 Pet. 3. Heb. 1. So these Travels of our Saviour Christ were 319 miles. But if you reckon his travels from the time of his infancy to the day of his ascension, they make 3093 miles. Besides his general Visitations and journeys hither and thither, which were so many, that as john witnesseth, cap. vlt. they could not be described. ¶ Of the towns and places to which he traveled. Of jericho. THis city stood very pleasantly in the tribe of Benjamin, ten miles from jerusalem Northeastward. joshuah overcame this town by sounding of trumpets, Ios. 6. Heb. 11. it was rebuilt by Hiel, and was compassed about with a new wall by Herod, that mighty King of the jews, who put the innocent children to death and called it after his mother's name Cyprus, Ios. de Bell. jud. lib. 1. cap. 16. And although this city was taken and utterly overthrown the second time by the Romans, at such time as Vespasian and his son Titus wasted and destroyed jerusalem and all the land of judaea; yet afterward it was re-edified, and in jeroms' time which was 400 years after Christ, it was a fair city. There was shown the house of Zacheus, and the Sycomore tree that he went upon to see Christ, Luk. 19 But by reason of the often destructions and devastations that hath fallen upon it, there is not to be seen at this day above eight houses in the town, and all the monuments and Relics of the holy places are utterly destroyed, the house of Zacheus and the Sicomore tree are no more to be seen in that place: only the place is to be seen where our Saviour restored the blind man to sight when he cried after him, Lord thou Son of David have mercy upon me, Luke Chap. 18. Also though this Country throughout be very fruitful and pleasant, yet is it nothing so fertile and pleasant as it was when the Children of Israel did dwell there. For the Roses of jericho are no more to be found there, but rather in a Village about sixteen miles from jordan towards the East. And although they stand so fare distant off, yet they retain their ancient name. Between jerusalem and jericho there is a desert or wilderness, which by the inhabitants of the holy land is called Quarentena, where the man of which Christ speaketh fell among thiefs, Luk. 10. There is in the same place at this day great thieving, and many roberies committed, as Brittenbacchus saith. In this place also is to be seen the river Cheereth where the Ravens fed Eliah, 1 Reg. 17. near to jericho also is found the river, the water whereof Elizaeus made sweet by casting in salt, whereas before it was bitter; and it remains very pleasant and sweet to this day, 2 Reg. 2. Of Ephraim. THis city is so called from the pleasantness and fruitfulness of the soil, being derived from Parah, To fructify. It lieth 8 miles from jerusalem Northeastward, just in the way as you go from thence to jericho, in the wilderness of Quarentena, close by the river Cheereth in the tribe of Benjamin. Hear our Saviour Christ, after he had raised Lazarus from death to life, hide himself with his disciples, because the jews sought to take away his life by deceit. The Passeover following, he was made a sacrifice for the sin of man, joh. 11. Of Bethania. THis city was a type of the Church, which is always subject to the Cross, and exposed to every calamity; and therefore is called Bethania, that is, The house of sorrow and affliction: being derived of Baith, an House; and Onion, Affliction. According to the prophecy of our Saviour, who foretold of the afflictions and tribulations that should fall upon his Church, You shall mourn, but you shall be comforted, and your grief shall be turned into joy. It was distant from jerusalem almost two miles towards the Southeast. Borchardus the Monk observeth, That close by a Well about a stones cast out of this Town, there is showed the place where Martha met our Saviour Christ when he came to Bethania, and a little after called her sister to meet him, john cap. 11. There is also shown in this Town the house of Simon the Leper, where ● certain woman having an Alabaster box of precious Ointment poured it on our Saviors' head, not without the great indignation of his Disciples, Matth. 26. There is also to be seen the house of Martha, to which our Saviour did oftentimes resort, Luk. 10. joh. 11. & 12. and in that place there is at this day a Church built in honour of those two sisters, which were the sisters of Lazarus. There is also seen the sepulchre out of which Lazarus was raised from death to life, joh. 11. which stands close by the said Church, and over it is built a chapel of Marble, very decent and comely. The Saracens hold this Chapel in great estimation. You cannot see the city of jerusalem from Bethania because of the mount of Olives, but as soon as you ascend a little hill in the way as you got hence to jerusalem, you may discern mount Zion and a part of the city: then when you are descended from that hill, the city is again hidden. After that upon the left side of the mount of Olives, some stones cast from Bethpage, you do leave a small village standing under the mountain of Offence, where Solomon in times past committed Idolatry. From this village the Ass and the Colt was brought unto Christ. Not fare from thence, upon the South side as you go upon the Mount of Olives, you come unto the place where Christ mounted upon the Ass, as we read, Matth. 21. And a little after you may see the whole city of jerusalem, with Solomon's Temple, and the Church of the holy sepulchre, with many other holy places. Then as you descend from the top of the mount of Olives, you may see the place where the multitude cried, Hosanna, blessed be he that cometh in the name of the Lord. And in this descent also our Saviour Christ wept over jerusalem, saying, O jerusalem, jerusalem, how often would I have gathered thee under my wings as a Hen gathereth her Chickens, but thou wouldst not? Of Bethpage. BEthpage standeth upon the right hand of the way towards the East, as you go from Bethania to jerusalem; and as S. jerom saith was sometimes a habitation of the Priests, which at their appointed times went up to jerusalem to minister to the Lord. It was so called because of the multitude of Figs that grow there: for Pagim signifies a Fig, Cant. 2. Bethpage is a notable type of the Church, for that ought likewise to be fruitful, and to bring forth sweet Figs, that is, good works, and many other comfortable virtues, that so men in their afflictions might be comforted. As it is thought, the Figtree that our Saviour Christ cursed because it wanted fruit, stood not fare from Bethpage, Matth. 21. Mark 11. Wherefore let us take heed that we be not like that fruitless Figtree, covered only (like our forefathers Adam and Eve) with leaves, and bearing no fruit, Gen. 3. lest so Gods curse fall upon us, and we be thrust out of eternal happiness, Matth. 3. Of the Castle from whence the Ass and the Colt were brought upon which our Saviour road to jerusalem. THis Castle (as Adamus Risnerus saith) was a certain Hold compassed about with strong walls, and within beautified with a fair palace, supported with goodly columns: it stood not fare from the Mount of Olives, just in the deviding of the way as you go from Bethania to jerusalem; for there goes one way to the fountain gate, and another to the valley of Gehinnon. In the Hebrew text it is called Tirah, as you may read in Matthew, which signifies not only a Castle, but a firm and sure building, with good decorum and order: for Tor signifies a circular order. It is credible that this Hold is a resting place, and that the Ass and the colt were tied in the way, for this cause, that if by chance any travellers were weary (by reason of the tediousness of their journey) they might hire them for certain hours to carry them over the Mount of Olives, and so return them back again. The Allegorical meaning of this Ass and the Colt, according to the opinion of many learned men, signifies the people of the jews, who were burdened with Moses laws: and the Ass' Colt signifies the rest of the Gentiles, which were not charged with the burden of Moses law, but tied only to the law of nature. So we also like travellers and strangers in this miserable world, are tied to the afflictions and calamities thereof, standing in two ways, expecting the death of the body, and liberty of the soul; then our Saviour Christ cometh in peace and looseth this bond of death, (as the Apostle saith, Rom. 7.) and bringeth us to that heavenly jerusalem, eternal joy, according to that of Saint Paul in the first of the Philippians, I desire to be loosed and to be with our Lord jesus Christ. Of the Mount of Olives. ABout half a mile and a furlong from jerusalem towards the East, stood the Mount of Olives, very fruitful and pleasant, bringing forth Olives, Palms, Figs, Gossumpine, & many other notable fruits, but principally Palms and Olives, of which the mountain taketh the name. It is said in Pliny, lib. 16. cap. 19 that these Olive and Palm trees do never lose their leaves, and are green both Winter and Summer. Saint Austin calleth it, The mountain of unction, because of the fertility and pleasantness of it: also, The mountain of health, because it bringeth forth Oils and many other plants necessary for Physic: also, The mountain of light; first, because it lieth upon the East, so that the Sun shineth in the morning very pleasantly upon it, and in the evening when it setteth, the beams thereof reflecting upon the Temple of jerusalem, casteth a beautiful light to this Mount: secondly, because it bringeth forth Oil, which is the nourishment and life of light: thirdly, because it was beautified with the gracious presence of our blessed Lord and Saviour Christ, which is the Daystar and light of the Church, rising upon high to enlighten all those which shall be called unto eternal happiness. For which cause it typically representeth the Church, which is the light of the World, wherein are found many Christians that bring forth pleasant fruit, (good works) relieving the necessity of such as are in want, comforting the afflicted, & patiently supporting the calamity and misery of this world, that so they might triumphantly rejoice with Christ in that heavenly city of jerusalem. What things Zacharias hath spoken of this Mount in his last chapter, is to be understood of the preaching of the Gospel, and propagation of the Church through all the world. Saint jerom saith in his Epitaph upon S. Paul, That upon this hill the jews commonly burnt the red Cow, with the ashes whereof the people of God being sprinkled, they were purified and sanctified, of which you may read, Num. 19 Heb. 6. Helen the Empress, mother to that godly Emperor Constantine the Great, about the year of our Lord 332, caused a fair and beautiful church to be built upon this Mount, just in the place where our blessed Lord and Saviour Christ ascended up into heaven. It was built round, all of white polished marble: upon the top thereof there is no roof, but a window even as Christ should ascend through it, as Eusebius saith in the life of the Emperor Constantine the Great, lib. 3. cap. 40. The same S. jerom affirmeth, in his book de locis Hebraicis. He also saith, That the inhabitants of the Holy land take upon them to show in this Church, the impression of the feet of our Saviour Christ, which happened as they say, just at such time as he ascended up into heaven: out of which, travellers and pilgrims take sand to carry with them as an holy relic, though indeed it is verily to be thought, that they were feet made in stone by ancient Monks, thereby to get money from such as resorted thither upon devotion; for look how oft pilgrims take thence the sand, they are presenly filled again: from whence may be gathered, that there is no sand naturally there. Every man therefore aught to embrace a nearer way to salvation, than to follow those monkish fables; and to seek Christ in the holy Scripture, not upon the Mount of Olives, or amongst sand: for since the grave could not contain him, the Mount of Olives cannot hold him, who now sitteth at the right hand of his father, in power and eternal glory: but rather if we be desirous to see the footsteps of Christ, let us seek them in the Church, which is dispersed through the world; wherein we are sufficiently taught how we should follow him. The Palm is a famous tree which bringeth forth Dates; and is so called because upon the top the boughs are thick and round, extending out like fingers; from whence it is called Dactylus, that is, a finger. Of Gethsamene. THis was a village situated at the foot of the mount of Olives, in a pleasant and fruitful place. near unto this village, as Saint Augustine observeth there were many pleasant gardens which gave forth very sweet and delectable savours; unto which place Christ and his Disciples did oftentimes resort, as the Evangelist Luke cap. 22. observeth. It was so called from the pressing forth of oil; for Gathor ge, signifies, a Press, and Schaemen, Oil. In this place the heart of our Saviour Christ was so pressed with affliction that he sweat drops of blood: By which blood the sins of our souls are washed away, and we that are wounded are made whole, as with a most precious balsam, Isa. 53. Helen the Empress, in an Orchard close by this town, set up a fair and beautiful Church, over the sepulchre of the Virgin Mary; which she called by the name of the mother of God, Niceph. lib. 2. cap. 30. It is said that this sepulchre remaineth to this day in this Church, made of white polished Marble, standing about eight and forty steps under ground, being something wider than the sepulchre of Christ: in it there is two doors, one to go in, another to go out. But whither this be the right sepulchre of the blessed Virgin, it concerneth us not, sith it appertaineth not to our salvation, neither is mentioned in the holy Scriptures: but if any man be desirous to be further satisfied in it, let him read Nicephorus, who makes mention of that and her ascension, both in my opinion of like credit; because, I suppose, that Saint Luke (who wrote the Acts of the Apostles, and lived in those times) would not have omitted so memorable an action. But to return to the Garden of Gethsamene. About some fifty paces towards the East of this sepulchre of the blessed Virgin, close by the foot of the mount of Olives, stands a certain chapel, just in the place where sometimes the town of Gethsemane stood. Not far from this chapel is shown a certain hollow place under a rock, where the inhabitants say our Saviour sweat drops of blood. They also show a certain stone whereon the Angels stood which comforted our Saviour. Descending thence about a stones cast, they show unto Pilgrims a place close by the cave in the Mount of Olives, where Peter, james, and john, sat when our Saviour was in his agony. They also show the place where Peter cut off Malchas ear. There is to be seen a memorable place where judas betrayed our Saviour with a kiss, when he delivered him to the jews. Not fare off is to be seen the place where the jews fell backward when our Saviour asked them, Whom seek ye? Besides many other things (if Borchardus may be credited) as the impression of his hair and head upon a stone; and of his finger, as if it had been in wax, upon a rock: and in the place where he prayed, of his hands and knees, which are so firm in stone that they cannot be defaced with any instrument. But there have been many in this place since these times, which have seen none of these things: from whence may be gathered, that they have been idle delusions used by ancient monks to get money from Pilgrims and strangers; and I have here remembered them, that others knowing these, may beware of the like fallacies and deceits purposely invented for lucre's sake. This garden of Gethsamene is credibly thought to have been planted in former times, by the Kings, David and Solomon; but increased & enlarged by other succeeding Princes, that there they might recreate themselves, & receive some content by the fruits of the earth. But on the contrary, that great King the anointed of the Lord, our blessed Saviour, in this place of pleasure, this paradise of the jews, was constrained to undergo that almost unsupportable passion, to make us partakers of that heavenly paradise and place of pleasure. Not far from hence is to be seen the place where judas hanged himself: and a little from that, the field of Akeldoma, which was bought with the thirty Silverlings for which judas betrayed Christ. This field (by the appointment of the Empress Helen) was compassed about with four walls, in the manner of a tower: upon the top whereof there are seven distinct doors, like windows, by which the dead bodies of Christians are let down into it: it is fifty foot wide, and seventy two long. It standeth not fare from the valley of Hinnon towards the East, and upon the South side of Mount Zion in jerusalem, etc. Of Kidron or Cedron. THis brook was so called because of the blackness of the water, being derived of Kadar, To wax black. The Mountain whence it first riseth, stands not fare from jerusalem towards the South; from whence it runneth through the valley of jehosaphat (which valley being very fat and fertile, changeth the colour of the water, and makes it look black) and so through jerusalem; then passing towards the East over a cliff of Mount Olivet, it falleth into the Lake of Asphaltites. When there falls any store of rain the channel is very full, but in Summer it is oftentimes dry with the extremity of heat. Over this brook David passed when he was persecuted by his son Absalon, 2 Sam. 16. and our Saviour Christ when he drank of the River in the way, that is, when he suffered upon the cross for the sin of man, according to that saying of the Psalmist, Psal. 69. Save me, O God, because the waters are entered even into my soul. Of Mount Caluarie. THis Mountain, according to the common opinion, was so called of dead men's skulls, or the skulls of such who were put to death for some capital offence. It stood upon the West side of jerusalem as you go out of the ancient Gate, and is a part of Mount Gihen. At this day it standeth within the city of jerusalem together with the sepulchre of our Saviour: and upon it is built a fair Church, which is joined unto the Church of the holy Sepulchre, being as it were a Choir unto it: But it standeth somewhat lower. It is built all of Marble, and the inside is all polished and wrought very curiously. It is also paved with the same stone. Within it, is seen a piece of the pillar of stone, to which they say Christ was tied when he was whipped: in which stone are to be seen certain red spects, as if they had been drops of blood; and these also (they say) were the blood of Christ when he was scourged; besides many other things, of which you may read at the beginning of this treatise in the description of jerusalem as it is at this day. The Description of the holy Sepulchre. THe Sepulchre of Christ stood upon the West side of jerusalem, close by Mount Golgatha, in the garden of joseph of Arimathea: for it was the custom of the jews to build their tombs or sepulchers, in their Orchards and Gardens; and beautify and adorn them with Lilies, Roses and other flowers, on purpose to put them in mind of their mortality, according to that of David, Psal. 103, The days of man are like grass, as a flower of the field so flourisheth he: for the wind goeth over it and is gone, and the place thereof shall know it no more. And for this cause the jews, but especially the kings, would be buried in their gardens: so joseph, a good and just man, following this custom, had hewed him out of a rock a new monument, in which there had been no man laid; that so when he walked into the Garden to take the air, he might be put in mind of his mortality. In this monument our Saviour Christ was buried: And from this place upon the third day early in the morning, he rose; to the terror and astonishment of such as watched the sepulchre. From whence may be gathered, That as our first parents, Adam and Eve, trespassed against God, and lost felicity in a garden; so Christ the Son of God in a Garden made satisfaction for that sin; restored us again to grace, and make us capable of heavenly felicity. This sepulchre (as it is described by S. john, when he went with S. Peter, to see of that notable miracle of the resurrection were true) was like a little chapel, the door thereof being upon the outside, & was but one room without any division, so that a man might see all that was within it: for he saith, joh. 20. That he did not go in, but looked in, and saw the linen clothes were they lay wrapped up: from whence may be concluded, that the sepulchre which is now extant (howsoever perhaps it may stand in the same place) is not the same sepulchre wherein our Saviour Christ was buried: for it is described to be four square, to be open at the top, to have within it two vaults (an inward and an outward) and that you descend to it by stairs, as you may read at the beginning of this treatise; which description doth not agree with that of S. john's. Again S. john saith, that they rolled a great stone to the door of the sepulchre, did not lay it upon the top of it. Also Eusebius and Nicephorus affirm, that the Pagans and other heathen people filled up the Sepulchre of Christ with earth, and built up in the place the Temple of Venus, and in it put her image, where she was worshipped a long time after, until such time as that godly Empress Helen caused that Temple to be abolished, and the sepulchre cleansed and purified. Afterwards at her instigation, Constantine the Great (who was her son) built up in the very same place a fair and goodly Church in memory of our Saviour, and bestowed great cost both in the workmanship, and in beautifying it with gold and silver. This Temple (as it was before it was destroyed by the Saracens) is said to be built all of white polished marble, and beautified with stones of diverse colours, guilt with gold and silver, covered on the outside with lead to withstand the storms and showers of rain that happened; but the inside was guilt all with splendent and refulgent gold, which cast a wonderful lustre upon the beholders. On either side of it were two walking galleries, one above, which was close; and another below, which was open; extending themselves the length of the sanctuary; all the roof and vault being covered over with gold and artificial work: the one being supported with pillars of Marble, the other with posts of wood plaited with silver. There were also three gates towards the East, very fitly and fairly disposed, by which the multitude that resorted thither, go in & out: within these, there stood an arch, representing after a sort the Hemisphere of the Heavens, extended to the top of the sanctuary like a circle, girded about with twelve pillars of equal bigness, representing the twelve Apostles, and upon the top of this arch were placed cups of silver, beautifully burnished. All which the said Emperor dedicated to God for a monument. There were many other memorable things that did belong to this Temple, which were admirable to look on, all which as you came up the high street from the market place, were presented to your view; a stately sight, the like whereof those parts did not afford. This temple was built by the Emperor Constantine, Anno Dom. 333. Venerable Bead; who was a Dr of Divinity, and lived in England 700 years after Christ, describeth the holy sepulchre after this manner: This Sepulchre over head was something round, & so high that a man could scarce touch it with his hand; standing in that rock which extendeth itself from mount Caluarie into the Garden of joseph of Arimathea: representing in form, a little chapel; the entrance thereinto was towards the East. And further he addeth, that they which went into this veil, found on the right hand towards the North, a stone tomb which resembled a coffin, situated in the pavement, joining to the wall; which stone coffin was of a mixed colour, that is, white and red, being seven foot long, and three handfuls high. This description venerable Bede received from certain Monks, that went upon devotion to jerusalem to visit this Sepulchre: but since, it hath been diverse times destroyed and polluted by the Turks and other heathen people. From whence may be gathered, that the Sepulchre which is now standing and shown unto Pilgrims, is some new device of Monks to get money of strangers, and procure a kind of blind devotion in the hearts of ignorant people; wherefore as the Angel said, Mark 16. Let us not seek Christ any longer amongst the dead, or in the grave, but in his holy Church, where the lively portraiture of his divine presence is set forth unto us: that so we may be made partakers with him hereafter in that place of eternal glory. Concerning the residue of this description you may see it before. Of Emmaus. THis city or castle of Emmaus, is distant from jerusalem almost eight miles towards the Northwest. It signifies the mother of fortitude; being derived of Em, a mother; and Vtz, which the Hebrews call Fortitude. It stood where three several ways were, that so it might serve for a direction to passengers. From whence Melancton saith that it was a notable type of the Church, which is our true mother, showing us the way unto eternal life. And although it be but little, and the number in it few, yet it is strong. As the castle, though it were small, yet it is almost invincible; and for that cause called The mother of strength, as the Church is called The mother of the righteous, against which the gates of hell shall not be able to prevail. In the time of judas Macchabeus (though it was then a small city) it was numbered amongst the greatest cities of juda, because of the situation and strength of it. To this place our Saviour traveled from jerusalem the same day that he arose from the dead, Luke 24. In the time of the Romans wars in judaea, this city was wonderfully defaced and ruined by the soldiers of Tiberius Maximus (who was chief Captain in this country, in the absence of Titus Vespasian,) but yet not utterly abolished; for about a hundred and fifty years after, Heliogabolus Emperor of Rome caused it to be rebuilded, and called by the name of Nicopolis, that is, the city of Victory. Not fare from Emmaus there was an Inn, or a place to which strangers might resort, and there three ways met; two went of either side the town, and one through it: in this place the two Disciples constrained our blessed Saviour to stay with them, because it was then about Sunset. near unto this Inn Nicephorus and Zozemenus say (in their Ecclesiastical History) there was a Spring or Well of that admirable virtue, that if either man or beast that was infirm or sick did drink of the water thereof, they were immediately restored to their former health. The reason that these Authors have for it (because they are impertinent) I willingly omit. But to return ro the city of Emmaus, as it is now called Nicopolis, being situated eight miles from jerusalem towards the North-east, in the way as you go thence to joppa: the country round about it being very fertile and pleasant, by reason of the rivers and springs wherewith it is watered, as Pliny saith, l. 5. c. 14. and much altered from that which it was in times past: but because you may read more of this city in Pliny, as it is at this day, and in Nicephorus and Eusebius, I leave to speak further of it. Of Simon of Cyrene. THis Simon which carried the Cross of our Saviour Christ, was born in Kir, a city in Africa, situated 16 miles from jerusalem towards the West, Matth. 27. Luke 23. In which city Tiglath Phulasser Emperor of the Assyrians planted many of the inhabitants of Damascus, after he had conquered that city, 2 Reg. 16. This city and the country round about it, by reason of these new inhabitants, by little and little changed the name: and whereas in former times it was called Kir, in the time of our Saviour it was commonly called Cyrene, and this man (of that country) Simon of Cyrene. At this day it is a strong and beautiful city, situated between Mareotides and Zeugitania: at first built by Battus, whom Callimachus the Poet claimeth to be his progenitor. This Battus was a mighty king in Africa, but was one that had a great impediment in his speech, insomuch that many think this word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to have been originally used by him, and by none other. Afterward (as is said) Tiglah Phulasser having obtained the jurisdiction of this city, planted the people of Damascus in it: and they obtaining some power there, continued till a long time after Christ, and embraced the religion of the jews, built up Synagogues, and dispersed that law in many parts of those quarters. There were some of this country that opposed that holy Martyr Stephen, and were consenting to his death. There were many learned men in it, as Eratosthenes the Mathematician, Callimachus the Poet (both which were had in great estimation among the Egyptians) Carneades also the Academian, Cronus Apollonius, and Hegesias the Philosopher (of whom Cicero speaketh in the fifth book of his Tusculans) and Eratosthenes the Historian, who was son of Agaclis. Sallust saith, that this city in his time was so mighty, that it maintained war against the Carthaginians for their bounds and limits of their fields and grounds, a long time; and justine lib. 39 That they maintained war against two nations, the Phoenes, and the Egyptians: in which wars they gave Aprius, the King of the Egyptians, such a mighty overthrow, that there were very few of his army that returned into his country with him, as Horodot affirmeth, lib. 4. there were also many great Princes that ruled in this city, of which because you may read in diverse other Authors more at large, I omit to speak of them. Of joseph of Arimathea who buried Christ. THis joseph which caused our Saviour Christ to be buried in his garden, was a rich man, upright & just in all his actions, a Senator of jerusalem, and one that expected the Kingdom of God, borne at Arimathea a city of the jews, Luc. 23. This city was sometime called Ramathaim Sophim, and sometime Ramah, because it was situated in a high place, and in times past was a fair city standing 16 miles from jerusalem toward the Northwest, the description whereof you may read before. At this day it is called Ramalea; being nothing so fare as it was, but like a country town, the houses being carelessly dispersed here and there, lying without walls or bulwarks to defend it; notwithstanding, the ancient ruins of the former city is to be seen even at this day. There is also a great Inn or resting place for strangers, having within it many rooms for the receipt of passengers, and a well of very sweet water. This house was first purchased at the charge of Philip Duke of Burgundy, and by him committed to the protection of the Monks of Mount Zion, by whom it is at this day made an hospital, wherein pilgrims, travellers, and strangers are entertained and find much relief. In an inward Orchard belonging to this hospital, there is a fair plot of ground that bringeth forth great abundance of Aloes, of which there is often mention in the holy Scriptures, but more especially in Psalm 48. Thy garments smell of Aloes and Cassia, when thou comest out of thy ivory palaces, where they have made thee glad. Nichodemus a Prince of the jews, together with joseph of Arimathea, brought with them an hundred pound of Aloes mixed with Myrrh, to embalm the body of our Saviour Christ, when they had begged it of Pilate, before they buried it, joh. 19 Myrrh is a kind of gum that issueth out of a tree that grows in the East countries, but principally in Arabia: the tree out of which it issueth is commonly two yards and a half high, with some pricks upon it, the bark whereof being cut, there issueth out of it drops like tears, which congealeth into a gum, and is called Myrrh: the principal virtue that it hath, is to keep the bodies of the Dead incorruptable, see Pli. li. 12. ca 15. & 16. In Arabia Foelix there is such abundance of sweet Myrrh, Frankincense, and other odoriferous gums, that such as sail in the Red sea may easily smell the savour of them. There is also found in the holy Land Myrrh and Aloes. Aloes is the juice of a certain bitter herb, which by some is called Euerliving: it killeth the worms, and preserveth from putrefaction; it is also good for the sight. There is to be gathered in India, Arabia, and the Holy land, a certain herb of an extraordinary sweet smell, with leaves broad, fat and juicy, which being pressed yields more Aloes than honey; from whence this metaphorical proverb is used, Quod plus molestiae quam voluptatis gignit, that is, more troublesome than profitable. You may read also in Plautus, that the life of man tasteth more of Aloes than honey. And juvenal speaking of an evil wife, saith, she hath more of Aloes than honey. So Euripides, Every sweet hath his sour. So also the holy Cross seemeth to have more of Aloes than honey, notwithstanding it preserveth us from eternal corruption, and killeth the venomous worms of conscience, cleanseth us from our sins, and freeth us from the fear of the Devil & eternal death, that so we might be recreated, and by the faith of our Saviour be raised up at the last day, and partake with him in his everlasting kingdom: according to that of johannes Taulerus, Where the cross, there the light; where temptation, there prayer and regeneration, etc. The Travels of Peter. IN the 35 year after the nativity of Christ, about the month of january, and a little before the conversion of the Apostle Paul; Peter and john were sent from jerusalem to Samaria, which was 32 miles, that the Samaritans might receive that admirable gift of the Holy-Ghost, and there they disputed with Simon Mag●●, Acts 8. From Samaria they returned back again to jerusalem, which was 32 miles. In this journey they went to diverse towns of the Samaritans, teaching and preaching unto them the doctrine of the Gospel, Acts 8. In the sixth year after the resurrection of Christ, Peter went to Lidda, which was distant from jerusalem twenty miles towards the North-east; where he cured Aeneas, who had lain sick eight years of the Palsy upon his bed, Acts 9 From thence he went to joppa, which was three miles: here he raised Tabytha from death, Acts 9 In the seventh year after the resurrection of Christ, Peter went from joppa and came to Caesarea Strato, which was six and thirty miles: where he preached the Gospel to Cornelius the Centurion, and baptised him and his whole family, Acts 10. Clemens Recogn. lib. 9 From Caesarea he returned to jerusalem, which was 32 miles; where being accused for going to the Gentiles, he excused himself, Acts 11. In the eleventh year after the resurrection of Christ, he was cast into prison, and set at liberty by an Angel of God, Acts 12. So he went secretly from jerusalem (as it was thought) into the desert, or to some other unknown place: upon the second day of August in the same year, Herod Agrippa King of the jews was struck by an Angel of God at Caesarea, and he was devoured of worms, Acts 12. joseph. Antiq. lib. 19 cap. 4. After, Herod Agrippa being dead and buried, Peter returned to jerusalem, where he was in Council with the rest of the Apostles, about sixteen years after the resurrection of Christ, and fourteen after the conversion of Paul, Gal. 2. Acts 15. See also Bede upon the Acts of the Apostles. In the seventeenth year after the resurrection of Christ, Peter went from jerusalem and came to Antiochia in Syria, which journey was 280 miles: there Paul resisted him, Gal. 2. From Antiochia he went to Babylon in Egypt, where he wrote his first Epistle: this journey was 520 miles. So all his Travels which are mentioned in the Scripture were 955 miles. Allegations of the Author to prove that Peter was never at Rome. But that Peter was twenty five years seven months and five day's Bishop and chief Priest at Rome, cannot be proved by the testimony of the Scripture, and is utterly repugnant to the supputation and true account of the times. First, because it is manifest by that which hath been said, that he continued at jerusalem and in judaea during the time that Tiberius, Caligula, and Claudius were Emperors of Rome. And shortly after the martyrdom of Steven, he and john were sent into Samaria, that the Samaritans might also receive the gift of the holy Ghost, Act. 8. Paul also in the third year after his conversion, came to jerusalem, and there spoke with Peter, and remained with him fifteen days, Act. 9 Gal. 1. Fourteen days after the conversion of Paul, Peter was at the Apostolical council held in jerusalem; and there, with james and john gave the right hand of fellowship to Paul and Barnabas, that they should go and preach the Gospel unto the Gentiles; and that he and the rest would go unto the jews & those that were circumcised, Gal. 2. In the time of Claudius Caesar, Peter was committed to prison by Herod Agrippa in jerusalem, and miraculously delivered by the Angel of God, Act. 10. In the ninth year of Claudius Caesar, Peter was at Antiochia in Syria, where Paul resisted him to his face, Gal. 2. All these things manifestly prove that the Apostle Peter was not at Rome at such time as any of these three, viz. Tiberius, Caligula and Claudius were Emperors; but either in jerusalem, or else at Antiochla in Syria. Secondly, it may axactly be made evident out of the holy, Scriptures, that Peter was not at Rome in the time of Nero. For in the second year of Nero, Paul wrote his Epistle to the Romans, and sent it from Corinth by the hand of Phebe: in which Epistle he saluted all his friends which he had in that city, by name, as by the conclusion of the Epistle more plainly appeareth; but there is no mention of the Apostle Peter, who (if that at time Bishop of that place) surely should not have been omitted. Also in the fift year of Nero, Paul being then in prison at Rome, wrote his Epistles to the Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and to Philemon; and in the conclusion of these Epistles he expressly nameth all his friends that he had in Rome, yet makes no mention of Peter. And when he was the second time in prison under Nero, in the last year of the reign of this Emperor, he wrote from Rome his second Epistle to Timothy, being a little before his death, at the end of which Epistle he plainly shows that he had no companion there but Luke, 2 Tim. 4. From whence it is manifest, that Peter during all the pilgrimage and life of Paul, was never at Rome: how then can it possible be, that Peter should be bishop of Rome for the space of almost 26 years? Truly there are many learned men, and they also of great judgement, which hold this opinion false, and utterly repugnant to holy Scripture, neither can be proved by any good Authors or histories. But if Peter were ever at Rome, he came thither after the last imprisonment of Paul, and a few days before his martyrdom. Because (as Onuphrius saith, in Comment. fast. lib. 2. also Euseb. lib. 2. cap. 22. and Tertul. count. Martion.) Peter and Paul in the 35 year after the resurrection of Christ, and upon the third day of the Calends of july (C. Fonteius Capitonius & C. julius Rufus being then Consuls of Rome) were crowned with the Wreath of martyrdom, and with their blood sealed the truth of the Gospel. But there are others of opinion that Peter never came at Rome, but that he was crucified at jerusalem by King Agrippa's command; others say at Babylon. But because it is a thing doubtful, and not greatly material, I leave it to the Readers consideration. ¶ Of the Towns and places to which he traveled. Of Samaria. BEcause I have before briefly entreated of the beginning and foundation of this city, I shall not need here again to repeat it. I will now therefore show the end of it, which was principally caused by the obstinacy of the inhabitants: who refusing the doctrine and prophecy of Elias and Elizeus, embraced and followed strange gods, and offered incense unto idols; whereby the wrath of God was kindled against them, insomuch that he left this goodly city as a prey to the Gentiles and foreign nations, that carried the people thereof into captivity, where for a long time they remained in great misery. After the first desolation, because the country round about this city was very fertile and pleasant, abounding with springs, rivers, vines, olive gardens, mountains, fruitful valleys, fair cities, and strong castles and towns; Herod Ascalonites (that great King of the jews, who put to death the innocent children) re-edified it, set up many goodly buildings beautified with marble pillars and pleasant walks: and also in the circuit of the King's house, and under the buildings of the nobility in the common Market place, the houses and vaults were supported with marble pillars, according to the manner of the jews. The palace (called the K. house, stood in the midst of the city, upon the top of the mountain: and round about it there were diverse other buildings set up, but much lower, even about the descent of the mountain; yet so situated, that the inhabitants might see out of their houses the country round about. Then close to the palace in the upper part of the city, he caused a temple to be built in honour of Augustus. Thus having finished the inside, he compassed it about with a mighty wall, and upon that placed many turrets: & then to flatter Augustus, called it by the name of Sebasten, which among the Grecians signifies Augustum & venerabile principem: now although this city was very glorious and spacious in those times (for it was three miles about) yet at this day it is utterly ruined & destroyed, insomuch, that there is not a house standing, two Churches only excepted, which were built in honour of S. john Baptist: and the chief of these, which was the Cathedral Church, the Saracens have converted to their use, so that at this day Mahomet is worshipped in it. In this stood the Sepulchre of S. john Baptist, cut out in marble, like the sepulchre of Christ, where (as Hierom saith) he lieth buried between Elisha & Obediah the Prophets. This church stands upon the side of the mountain, in the descent. The Saracens do principally reverence S. john Baptist next after Christ, and they affirm the virgin Mary to have conceived by the holy Spirit, and not by the seed of man: That S. john was the greatest prophet (except Christ) that ever was. They also believe Christ to be the son of God, but not to be equal with God. Yet they prefer Mahomet before both, because they hold him a messenger sent of God, not unto all men, but only unto the Saracens and Turks, and their subjects. The other Church which stood in Samaria, was upon the top of the mountain which sometimes the King's palace stood. In this Church in times passed there dwelled certain Grecian Monks, which were Christians, and entertained Christian Pilgrims with great humanity, and furnished them with many necessaries. But the city of Samaria itself hath been so often overthrown, and brought to such extreme misery, that almost all the ground where it stood is at this time converted into an Olive garden. So that as that wicked King Ahab turned the Vineyard of Naboth which stood close by his house, into an olive garden; so God in his singular justice hath turned the palace of that King, & the whole city wherein he dwelled, which was the strength of his kingdom, into an olive garden. There are not so many ruins found through all the land of judaea (though there have been many worthy cities destroyed) as are in this place at this day. The situation of this city was very beautiful, for a man might have seen from it to the sea of joppa and Antipatris; also to Caesarea Palestina, & thorough all the mountain of Ephraim, to Ramatha Sophim, & so to mount Carmel and the city of Ptolomais. Of Lidda. THis city was situated not far from joppa, upon the shore of the Mediterranean sea, 20 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. In this city Peter healed Aeneas, who had been sick 8 years of the palsy. At this day there is nothing to be seen but the Church of S. George, who was beheaded by the Emperor Dioclesian, for professing the Christian faith. The Grecians call this town Diospolis, i. an holy Town. And the Turks account S. George for a valiant Knight and holy man. Of Caesarea Strato. THis city was situated upon the shore of the Mediterranean sea, some 32 miles from jerusalem Northward: in ancient time it was called Strato, being first built by Strato King of Sydon. But time having decayed a great part of it, Herod Ascalonita repaired it, and made it a goodly thing, calling it Caesarea, after the name of Augustus Caesar. And that ships might lie at anchor there without danger, he caused to be builded a fair haven to oppose the violence of the sea. This haven was so wonderfully contrived, and set up at such a great charge, that it was admirable to look upon; for he laid the foundation of it twenty yards under water, burying in the Deep stones of an extraordinary greatness, some fifty foot long, eight foot thick, and ten foot broad, and many of them more. The Haven itself was beautified with fair buildings and goodly Walks, supported with marble Pillars, and mounted up aloft, so that you might see the ships as they were upon the sea, and made way to this harbour. The entrance into it was upon the North, at the mouth thereof there stood three mighty Colossuses upon marble pillars. He also placed upon the wall of the City towards the Haven mighty Towers, the chiefest and fairest of which he dedicated to Drusus, Augustus his son in law, and called it by the name of the Drusian tower. The buildings that joined to this Haven were all of white polished marble, and the streets of the City were directly towards it. Also the Marketplace where they bought and sold was not fare from it. Upon a little hill close by this Port he caused a Church to be built in honour of Augustus Caesar. This Temple was a very magnificent and stately building, and in it he caused the Statue of Augustus (curiously wrought and cast just in the figure of jupiter Olympius) to be erected, and worshipped it as his god. There are many other stately and sumptuous buildings that were set up by this King. But amongst the rest, he bestowed great cost upon the market place, the Theatre, and the Amphitheatre, which he wonderfully beautified, and instituted certain Games to be there used once every fifth year in honour of Augustus, as josep. de Bell. jud. li. 1. witnesseth. After the death of this king, Herod Agrippa was made King of the jews. This Prince some ten years after the resurrection of Christ caused james the son of Zebedeus upon the 25 day of july to be put to death in jerusalem; and when he perceived it was acceptable unto the jews, in the following year about the feast of the Passeover he caused Peter to be cast into prison; who by the prayers of the Church was miraculously delivered, as you may read Acts 12. A little after, that is, about the month of August, this King was struck by the Angel of the Lord, and died miserably: for when he came to Caesarea Strato he caused the public shows to be solemnly practised, and in honour of Claudius Caesar set forth very sumptuous interludes and plays; to which feast and shows all the Nobility and Gentry of that country round about resorted. Where the next day very early in the morning, having put on a rich and goodly garment made all of cloth of gold, he went into the theatre, and there according to his usual custom sat in a princely seat, and made an oration to the inhabitants of Tyre. Now when the sun was up and shone upon his garments, the rays thereof cast such a reflection upon the beholders, that it dazzled their eyes, insomuch that they could scarce see. Wherefore those that were his flatterers, hearing his gracious speech, cried with a loud voice, O Agrippa be propitious unto us; for although heretofore we feared thee as a man, yet now we well perceive thou art of a more noble and Divine nature. But when the King (taking delight in these speeches) would not restrain the impious clamour of these flatterers, a little after he lifted up his head, and upon the top of a pillar he saw an Owl sitting over him. Presently he was troubled in his mind, and within a while after he was strooke with an extreme pain in his bowels, insomuch that with a loud voice he cried out unto his friends, I whom but now was called your god, am but a man; and him that you imagined to be immortal, must presently die. These words being ended, they carried him sick into his palace, and it was given out that he was dead. No sooner came this news to the ears of the vulgar, but they with their wives and children put on sackcloth, and fell upon the ground with earnest supplications to God to be merciful unto him. But the King looking out of his window and seeing them lie thus prostrate upon the earth, wailing and weeping, he could not abstain from tears. At the length after he had been cruelly tormented by the space of four days, upon the fift died, being the second of August, the worms having consumed his guts, and eaten through his body. Thus God grievously punished him, who had so much afflicted the members of the Church of Christ: but towards other men, as well strangers as Gentiles, he was mild and courteous. He reigned in the whole almost seven years; for he held the Tetrarchy of Philip three years under Caligula, and other four years he held the whole kingdom of the jews. He died in the eleventh year after the resurrection, and in the third of Claudius Caesar, being then about 54 years of age, Act. 22. joseph. Antiq. lib. 19 Pliny saith that this town of Caesaria Strato, was sometime called Apollonia, but after obtained the name of Caesarea Palestina. Saint Jerome saith in his Epitaph upon Paul, that in his time (which was 400 years after Christ) there was to be seen in this place the house of Cornelius the Centurion, whom Peter baptised, Act. 10. (This Cornelius is thought by some to have been of the family of the Lentuli in Rome, for they were also called Cornelij, as appeareth in Sallust in the conspiracy of Catiline: & it may be that this Cornelius was that Lentulus which wrote to Tiberius Caesar that excellent Epistle, concerning the figure, proportion, and person of our Lord and Saviour jesus Christ.) Also the house of Philip the deacon, and the chambers of his four daughters who were Prophetesses. When Paul came unto this town, Agabus the Prophet came unto him, who bond his hands and feet with the girdle of Paul, saying, The man that oweth this girdle shall be thus bound by the jews at jerusalem, and they shall deliver him into the hands of the Gentiles. Here he made a notable sermon before Festus, Agrippa junior, and his sister Bernice, Act. 16. This town flourished for a long time after the destruction of jerusalem, and it was situated in a fair and profitable place, fortified towards the West with the Mediterranean sea, and towards the East it was compassed about with a lake, in which were great abundance of Crocodiles, though the water was very sweet, and of a great depth. Many godly and religious men were here crowned with the wreath of martyrdom, for professing the Gospel of Christ, as Eusebius Bishop of this town and of Pamphilius well observeth in his Eccles. Hist. But the Lord did so sharply revenge the death of these men, that at this day it is utterly destroyed, and there is not a house left, though in times past it had been a Bishops See. There was also another town built by Philip the Tetrarch, called Caesarea Philippi, whereof you may read before. Of joppa. COncerning this town I have already showed many things in the Travels of jonas, but omitted some, specified by Brittenbach and Dr Ranwolfe, who have described the holy land as it was in the year of our Lord 1575. which Authors affirm that there is seen a great chain of iron fastened to a certain rock, to the which ships that lay in that harbour were sometimes tied. Also the chain wherewith Andromeda was fast bound to a stone, when she should have been devoured of the sea monster. Also they say that there is a Chapel at this day built up in the place where sometime the house of Simon the Tanner stood, who gave entertainment to Peter, standing by a rock close by the sea side, and dedicated to saint Peter. But for the rest of the town (although formerly it hath been a goodly city) it is utterly destroyed, nothing standing but a part of the wall, & two castles upon the haven to defend such as come thither with ships, from the injuries & incursions of Pagans and Saracens. Of Babylon in Egypt. BAbylon signifieth Confusion, as you may read before. There were two Cities of this name; the one was in Chaldaea, and the other in Egypt. That in Chaldaea was situated upon the river Euphrates; and this upon the river Nilus, which was 244 miles from jerusalem toward the South-west, & called in the Arabian tongue Alcair, or Cair, whether you please, which also signifieth Confusion. Concerning both which cities you may read more at large in their former description. From this town it is credibly thought (and not from that town which stood in Chaldaea) Peter wrote his first Epistle, as the circumstances of the history do evidently declare: for that Babylon which stood in Chaldea was in the time of Peter utterly destroyed; but then this Babylon was had in great estimation. About this time also Mark who was the disciple of Peter, was the first Bishop of Alexandria, as you may read in the end of his first Epistle. Wherefore that opinion which some would have to pass for truth, that Peter wrote his first Epistle from Rome, calling it allegorically Babylon, is utterly to be condemned, since there is none who can certainly prove that conjecture, neither is it grounded upon any firm foundation; for although Babylon in the Revelation of S. john (because it was a secret prophecy) was allegorically used; yet in a plain and manifest history such kind of Allegories are not allowed. From whence may be concluded, that S. Peter wrote his first Epistle from this Babylon, not from Rome. The Travels of Saint john, with the Annotation of the Times wherein he lived. IOhn the Evangelist and Apostle of our Lord jesus Christ, was borne in the tenth year after the nativity of our Saviour, and was made his Disciple when he was 21 years of age. He saw the miracle of Christ when he changed the Water into Wine, john cap. 2. In the year following, viz. in the 22 year of his age, he was taken into the number of the twelve Apostles, Luke 6. Mar. 3. After that, in the three and twentieth year of his age he saw the transfiguration of Christ in mount Thabor: and when he was four and twenty years of age he stood under the Cross of our Saviour Christ; and the same year a little after Christ's Ascension, he with the rest of the Apostles received the gift of the holy-Ghost, being then the feast of Penticost, which fell about the four and twentieth day of May in the same year he was cast into prison with Peter, for healing the lame man, Acts 3.4. Thus much of his youth. About the middle of the first year after our Saviour Christ's ascension (john being then 25 years old) was sent with Peter from the city of jerusalem to Samaria, 32 miles. From Samaria he returned back again to jerusalem, 32 miles, and as he returned preached the gospel of Christ in diverse towns of the Samaritans, Acts 8. Marry the mother of our Lord being now 59 years of age, died in the twelfth year after the resurrection of Christ, and was buried by john the Evangelist in the garden of Gethsemene, john being then 35 years old. Four years after her death he was present at the Apostolical Council in jerusalem. Now james his brother, who was called the Elder, was beheaded two years before; for this Council was celebrated in the presence of james the younger, Peter, john, Paul and Barnabas, etc. about sixteen years after the resurrection of Christ, and 14 after the conversion of Paul, Gal. 2. Before the destruction of jerusalem, which happened about the 61 year of his age, and 38 after Christ's ascension, john went from jerusalem, and came to Ephesus, 544 miles, where after the death of the Apostle Paul he governed the Churches of Asia minor. In the 86 year of his age, being cast into a Vessel of boiling oil, and coming out unhurt, by the command of Domitian the Emperor he was banished into the Isle of Pathmos, distant from Ephesus 40 miles. There he wrote his Revelation to the 7 churches in Asia minor, whereof you may read Apoc. 1. From Pathmos he returned to jerusalem, which was forty miles, being then 88 years of age, and there he raised Drusana from death to life. After this, he governed the Churches in Asia four years, that is, from the government of Nero the Emperor, unto the fourth year of the government of Trajan the Emperor, and called the young man to repentance which was of the Society of thiefs: at length he died at Ephesus when he was 91 years old, An. Dom. 100 as S. jerom and Nicephorus li. 2. ca 32. observe. So all his travels were 688 miles. ¶ The testimony of the Father's concerning john. THe testimonies of the holy fathers that are yet extant concerning john, are these: In Euseb. li. 3. c. 1. 18. 20. 3. you may read the history concerning the conversion of the young man from the company of thiefs. Irenaeus witnesseth the same, li. 2. ca 23. In Irenaeus also, li. 3. ca 23. you may read the history of Cerinthus, and how that john lived until the time of Trajan the Emperor. Also li. 3. ca 11. he saith, that the Gospel of S. john was written because of the blasphemy of Cerinthus. ¶ The description of the towns and places to which john traveled. Of Ephesus. THis was the metropolitan city of jonia, situated in Asia minor, 544 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. It was built (saith Strabo) by Androclus the son of Codrus king of Athens, in the time of David King of Israel, and because of the beautiful situation and fertility of the soil called Ephesus: in future Ages growing into such credit and estimation, that it was mightily increased, and became one of the most famous mart towns in all Asia; but it stood somewhat low, so that the sea broke in upon it and drowned it, and many of the inhabitants perished. Nevertheless Lysimachus K. of Thrace built it up again in the place where now it stands, and called it Arsinoës, after his wife's name. But he being dead, it was again called by the ancient name Ephesus. There were many worthy men that lived in it, as Heraclitus, Scotinus, and Hermadorus, who for his excellent understanding & singular honesty was banished. Hipponachus also the Poet, Perrhasius & Apelles the Painters, Alexander the orator, and Theodotio a jew, who interpreted the Bible. It was in ancient times inhabited by the Amazons, whose queen kept her court there, and wonderfully increased and adorned it with fair and beautiful buildings. Here also that notable Temple dedicated to Diana, which as Stra. saith li. 14. Plin. li. 36. ca 14. was 220 years a building. It stood upon moorish ground to avoid the danger of earthquakes. There were in it 127 pillars, erected by so many Kings; among which there were 36 that were curiously sieled, and artificially carved and engraven: it was 425 foot long, & 100LS broad. There were so many gifts & gratuities sent from all the cities and kings round about, toward the building of this Temple, that the riches and treasure thereof was wonderful; insomuch that when it was finished, it was accounted one of the stateliest buildings the world could afford, and numbered amongst the wonders of the world. This temple thus built at such an extraordinary charge that it was almost unvaluable, was set on fire by one Herostratus a wicked & perverse fellow (in the same Olympiad and day that Alexander the Great was borne) who having nothing in him that might make him famous in after-ages, burned this goodly building, that so (though not for his good, but for his evil) he might get a name. But the Ephesians were so insenced because of this mischief, that they procured proclamation to be made through all the kingdoms round about, that his name should not be once mentioned: which perhaps for a time was observed, but in future ages they could not prevent it, but that he was both spoken of & written of. Notwithstanding afterward the inhabitants of this City became so exceeding wealthy, that they soon after rebuilt this temple of Diana, and made it much fairer than it was before; all the citizens contributing with willing hands to the charge of the building: insomuch that the women brought all their silver, gold, and other precious ornaments, and communicated them towards this great work. Also in aftertimes those fair pillars before spoken of, were again erected; towards the rebuilding whereof they received so many and wonderful gifts, from all the neighbouring Kings, Cities, and Countries, that this Temple might (as it was thought) compare with all the world beside for riches and treasure. It was standing in S. Paul's time, who came thither about 12 years after the resurrection of our Saviour, and continued there three years; in which time he so faithfully and diligently preached the Gospel, that he converted most of the citizens, from their idolatry and worship of Diana, to the reverend knowledge and confession of our blessed Saviour. For which cause Demetrius the silver smith (who made a great gain by idolatry) stirred up a great tumult; so that the Gentiles running up and down the City for two hours' space, cried out with a loud voice, Great is Diana of the Ephesians, Acts 19 Here also Paul fought with beasts, 1 Cor. 15. And to this city Paul wrote his Epistle, and sent it from Rome, 996 miles. He made Timothy also a Bishop of this city, to whom he wrote two Epistles; the first was sent him from Laodicea to Phrygia, being 280 miles: the second from Rome, as I said. By these Epistles Timothy was greatly comforted, and taught them to his disciples and auditors, that so they might constantly continue & persever in the Christian faith and religion to the end. To conclude, john the Evangelist came also to Ephesus, & wrote his Gospel against the heretic Cerinthus, who denied Christ to be the true God; for which cause God grievously punished him, so that he died as he was bathing himself in a bath, Irenaeus, lib. 5. ca 3. Euseb. li. 3. c. 22. This was the first Church to which john wrote his Revelation; and there when he returned out of Pathmos he raised his host Drusana from death to life. So when he had governed the churches in Asia 30 years, after the death of Paul he died, when he was 91 years old, and was honourably buried at Ephesus not far from the city. There was also another john that lived in Ephesus, to whom (as many think) the Epistles of john the Evangelist were dedicated, as jerom showeth in his catalogue of Ecclesiastical Writers. The sepulchre of this man is showed not far from the Sepulchre of S. john the Evangelist, as Euseb. witnesseth, lib. 3. cap. 31. At this day this city is named Figlo ho Epheso. See Gesner. Of Pathmos. THis is an Isle of the Aegean sea, situated betwixt Asia minor & Grecia, 2080 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. Pli. l. 4. c. 12. saith, that it was 30 miles in compass. Into this Isle the Evangelist was banished by Domitian Nero, where he wrote his Revelation. It was one of the Cyclad Islands, which were 53 in number that lay round about the Island Delos, as Stra. li. 10. Geog. observes. It stood 40 miles from Ephesus Southwestward, and as Petr. Apianus saith, was sometimes called Posidius, but now, Palmosa. Of Smyrna. THis is the second city to which john dedicated his Revelation. It was situated in jonia in Asia minor, 540 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. This was a very fair city, beautified with many goodly buildings, and of good account in Grecia. It was at first but a Colony, transplanted from another city in that country. But Theseus that great prince being then King thereof, that he might add some grace to that which he had begun, he called it after his wife's name Smyrna, signifying Myrrh. Herod. saith that Homer was born here (but not blind) and called by the name of Melisigines: but after the Cumaenians called him (of his blindness) Homer. Strab. li. 14. Geogr. saith, That the inhabitants take upon them to show his picture standing there, & also a temple built in his honour. During his life he was a man of small or no reputation, or rather contemned than honoured, as Herod saith. But after his death his works beginning to grow famous, the Cities of Greece contended who should patronise him. The Colophonians claim a part in him, because he was in that town, and there made some of his Odysseys. They of Chios say he belonged to them, because he lived there a long time, and taught school. But for aught that can be found by Authors, the Smyrnians have most interest in him. Nevertheless I leave him to them that please to patronise him, since it is not certainly found where he lived. He lived about 900 years before Christ. Eusebius saith, Hist. Eccles. lib. 4. cap. 14. that in after times this city grew very famous, and was so much enlarged that it became a Bishops See, whereof Polycarpus a very godly and religious man was Bishop. He governed the Church in that place at such time as john the Evangelist wrote his Revelation, and by him, cap. 2. is called the Angel of the Church of Smyrna. This man after he had faithfully preached the Gospel for the space of 86 years, was by the inhabitants thereof condemned to death for the profession of Christ, Anno 170. But the town of Smyrna because of the unthankfulness and cruelty of the inhabitants was grievously punished, for within ten years it was cast down by an earthquake, since which time it was hardly rebuilt again. The river Pactolus which beginneth in Lydia, runneth by this town of Smyrna. But the inhabitants, because of the golden veins that are found therein, call it Crysorrhoas, Plin. lib. 5. cap. 29. A little after that, there was such an extreme plague happened in Rome, that they were constrained to carry out the dead bodies in carts. Thus God turneth the air and the earth to the confusion of those that persecute his Church. Of Pergamus. THis was another of the towns whereto john wrote his Revelation. It was a famous city, and metropolitan of Mysia, situated in Asia minor, 228 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. It stood upon a high rock close by the river Caicus, from whence it was called Pergamus. For in ancient times all famous and notable places were called amongst the Grecians Pergamon, as Suidas and Servius observeth. Strabo, lib. 13. saith, That in the time of Lysimachus the son of Agathocles (who was one of the successors of Alexander the Great) it was but a castle; in which place because of the strength of it, he usually kept all his treasures, and those things that were of account, and committed the custody of it unto one named Philetaerus, an Eunuch of Tyanus. But this man being accused to Lysimachus, That he would have forced his wife Arsinoës, for fear of some future punishment because of that offence, moved the inhabitants of that Hold to rebellion. At the same time also there happened many commotions in Asia, whereby Lysimachus was constrained to leave this, and make opposition against Seleucus Nicanor, who had invaded his dominions. But in this war Lysimachus was slain. And Philetaerus having in his possession great riches, that he might enjoy what he had, was always observant to him that got the victory, by which means he kept himself and his riches for the space of 20 years in that castle; and then died, and left all his wealth to Eumenes his brother's son, who enlarged his government, and overcame Antiochus the son of Seleucus. This man after he had reigned 32 years died, and Attalus his son succeeded him in the Government, who having conquered Galatia made a league with the Romans, and by them was first called by the name of a King. After him succeeded his son Eumenes the second of that name, who aided the Romans against Antiochus magnus King of Syria; for which service the Romans gave him all the dominions that Antiochus had on this side the Alps. This man was the first that enlarged the castle of Pergamus, and made it a goodly city, planting round about it a thick wood or grove, and called it Nicephorus. And after he had reigned 49 years he died, and left his kingdom to his son Attalus, called Philometor. This Attalus after he had done many notable exploits, died without issue, when he had reigned 5 years, and left his kingdom to the Romans, who turned it into a province. There lived in this town many learned men, as Galen the Physician, who was famous in the time of Trajan the Emperor, and (as the fame went) lived 140 years. Of that town also was Apolodorus the rhetorician, who was schoolmaster to Augustus Caesar, of which man the Apollodorean sect took name, and Dionysius Atticus his scholar. Here Antipas was crowned with the Wreath of martyrdom. To the Bishop of this Town john wrote his Revelation, and in the second Chapter thereof sharply reprehendeth him, because he bore with the sect of the Nicholaitans; which although it lasted not long, yet it was very dangerous. Eusebius saith, That Nicholaus one of the seven Deacons for the poor at Antiochia, of whom you may read, Act. cap. 6. was the first author of this sect: yet Clem. Alexand. clears him of it, laying that offence rather on certain idle persons, that misconstruing his words, being given over to vile affections, covered their evils under his name, calling themselves Nicolaits, though indeed he had no hand in it, but lived and died honestly. The opinion that this Sect held (as Euseb. saith, li. 3. ca 23. and Irenaeus, libr. 1. Chap. 27.) was, That women were to be common, That it was lawful to eat meat offered to Idols; That fornication and Adultery was no sin: beside many other wicked and perverse opinions concerning the Deity, which would be too tedious to recite in this place. You may read more of it in Eusebius and Tertullian. Of Thyatira. THis was the fourth church to which john wrote his Revelation: it was situated close by the river Caicus, upon the borders of Mysia and Lydia, 600 miles from jerusalem Northeastward. It was a very fair city in Asia minor, yet subject to the Lydians. In this country Lidda was born, that dwelled at Philippe, and gave entertainment to Paul and Sylas, Acts 16. Philippe was distant from this town 400 miles. It was at first called (according to the testimony of Stephen) Pelopea and Semiramis. But after Seleucus Nicanor K. of Syria (making war upon Lysimachus king of Thrace) coming to this town, had news that his wife had boar him a daughter, in honour whereof he would needs have the town called Thugateira, which in Greek signifies a daughter; but Thyatira, Divine reverence. Of Sardis. TO this city also S. john wrote his Revelation. It was a famous and princely seat, situated in Asia not fare from the mountain Tmolus, where Croesus' King of the Lydians kept his court, being 536 miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest. It was so called (without doubt) of Sardus the son of Hercules, which maketh Sardis in the plural number. Of this Town were those two Diodories which were Orators. The younger of them did write Histories and Poems, and was one of Strabo's great friends. Close by this Town is found a precious stone, which after the town's name is called Sardis: it is of a fleshly colour, and therefore is commonly called Carnalia; of which you may read more in Pliny, lib 37. cap. 4. Of Philadelphia. SAint john also wrote his Revelation to this city. It was situated in Mysia a country in Asia Minor; being 450 miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest. This city is so often troubled with Earthquakes, that the inhabitants are many times constrained to dwell in the open fields. Upon the East side thereof lies a dry and barren country, which seemeth to be burnt and scorched with heat, being 60 miles long, and 48 miles broad; where there grows no trees, but there are found great plenty of grapes, which being pressed yield very pleasant wine, and may compare with the best of those parts. The superfices of the earth seemeth like ashes, mountany, stony, and black: many conjecture the cause thereof to be by reason of the great thunders and lightning that they have there; but there are some which give other reasons for it. It was called Philadelphia of Attolus Philodelphius who first built it. Of Laodicea. THis was the seventh and last City that john directed his Revelation to. It stood close by the river Lycus in Caria, a country in Asia the less, five hundred and twenty miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest; and is likewise oftentimes troubled with Earthquakes, as Sardis Magnesia and Philadelphia are. The reason of these often Earthquakes is thought to be, because there are vaults and hollow caves under the earth, into which the air (in the time of heat) having free entrance, then closeth up again so that it can find no passage out; it striveth with continual motion to make way through the earth, by which means the earth trembleth and shaketh: and look how much the deeper these vaults are under the earth, so much the more violent are the Earthquakes; by which means, cities are oftentimes utterly overthrown and ruined, sometimes the earth sinketh and ponds and rivers are swallowed up. It was at first called Diospolis, that is, the city of jupiter; then Rhoas; and lastly, it obtained the name of Laodicea. And although at the beginning it was but a small town, yet by reason of the fertility of the soil, and pleasant situation, it of a sudden became a fair city, beautified with many fair and goodly houses, wherein there dwelled many wealthy citizens, so that for their nobility and worthiness it was accounted the most famous town in all Asia. Here Hiero dwelled who divided his inheritance among the citizens, and over and above he gave them two thousand talents of gold, besides many other gifts and gratuities to adorn and beautify the city. After him there lived Zeno the Orator, and Polemon his son; who for his noble acts was first by Antonio, and then by Augustus Caesar, honoured with the dignity of a King, as Strabo witnesseth, lib. 12. This Laodicea, Colossis, and Hieropolis where the Apostle Philip was crucified, were sunk by an earthquake, about the tenth year of Nero, and a little before the Martyrdom of Paul. There were three cities called after this name; that is, this which stood in Caria (to which Paul never came; as appeareth in the second chapter to the Collossians;) a second stood in Phrigia, where Paul wrote his Epistle to Timothy; and a third in Syria, near ro Antiochia, Seleucia, and Apamea. The Travels of Philip. THan a little after the martyrdom of Stephen (which happened in the Month of january, thirty and five years after the nativity of Christ) Philip which one of the seven Deacons with Stephen, Acts 6. went from jerusalem to Samaria, which was thirty and two miles: and in many Cities of the Samaritans preached the Gospel, and did many miracles; at which time he converted Simon Magus, Acts 8. From Samaria he went to Bethzur, which was situated forty and four miles towards the South: here Philip baptised the Aethiopian who was Queen Candaces' Eunuch. And suddenly he was taken out of sight by the spirit of the Lord, and went to Azotus, which was 16 miles. From thence preaching in all the cities as he went, he came to Caesarea Strato, which was 44 miles. So all his Travels were 136 miles. Concerning the towns and places mentioned in his Travels, you may read of them in several places mentioned before. The Travels of the Aethiopian which was Eunuch to Queen Candaces, who kept her court in Saba. FRom Saba or Meroe in Aethiopia, this Eunuch came to jerusalem, which was about 964 miles, Acts 4. From jerusalem he came to the town of Bethzur, which was 12 miles: here he was baptised by Philip in the Month of january, the next year after the resurrection of Christ. From thence he returned to Saba in Aethiopia, which was 952 miles. So all his Travels were 1928 miles. Of Saba. THis city is before mentioned: and at this time when the Eunuch came to jerusalem, Candaces governed it and a great part of Aethiopia, Tiberius Caesar being then Emperor of Rome. She was a very warlike woman, but blind of one eye, as Strabo saith, lib. 16. and Plin. lib. 6. cap. 29. In whose time the city Saba was called Meroe; and the Queens, for many successions, Candaces; because of the worthiness of those Queens which had been of that name. This woman was very well beloved of her subjects; and was very gracious towards them, as Suidas saith. To this Queen the Eunuch which Philip baptised was chief Steward; and no doubt spread the Christian faith in many places of those parts. An Introduction to the Travels of Saint Paul. NOw before I enter upon the Travels of the Apostle Paul, I though it fit to make a collection of all the Countries, Islands and Cities wherein he taught: so that they which are skilful in Geometry or cosmography, might discern their Longitudes, Latitudes, and several distances, according to the degrees and scruples hereafter following. Towns in Italy. Long. Latit. Rome 36.40 41.40 Puteoli 39.50 41.00 Naples 39.10 41.00 Capua 40.00 41.00 Brundusia 42.30 39.40 Regium 39.50 38.15 Towns in Graecia. Constantinople 56.00 43.05 Neapolis 51.15 41.40 Philippi 50.45 41.45 Amphipolis 50.00 41.30 Apollonia Mygdoniae. 49.30 40.30 Thessalonica 49.50 39.50 Athens 52.45 37.15 Corinthus 51.15 36.55 Ce●chera 51.20 37.00 Cities in Syria. Antiochia 69.30 35.30 Seleucia 69.25 35.40 Sydon 67.15 33 30 Tyrus 67.00 33 20 Ptolomais 66.50 32.58 Caesarca Stratonis 66.16 23.25 joppa 66.40 32.06 jerusalem 66.00 31.55 Damascus 60.55 30.00 Cities in Asia minor. Thracia 67.40 36.50 Attalia 62.15 36.30 Perga 62.15 36.56 Antiochia Pisidiae 62.30 39.00 Laodicea Phrigiae 63 40 39.40 Lystra 64.00 39.00 Iconium 64.30 38 45 Derbe 64.20 38 15 Chalcedon 56.05 43.05 Nicaea 57.00 41.40 Cities in Asia. Ilium 55.30 41.00 Troada 55.25 40.40 Assus 56.00 40.15 Pergamus 57.25 39.45 Philadelphia 59.00 38.50 Sardis 58.20 38.15 Ephesus 57.40 37.40 Thyatira. Smyrna 58 25 38.25 Myletus 58.00 37.90 Halicarnassus 57.50 36.10 Gnydus 57.10 35.30 Patara 60.30 36.00 Mira 61.00 36.40 Hycropolis 60.00 38.15 Cities in Egypt. Alexandria 60.30 31.00 Memphis Alcayre 61.50 29.50 Hermopolis magna 61.40 28.55 Jslands. Ciciliae civitatis Siracusa 39.30 37.15 Malta 38.45 34.50 Corsica 45.40 38.15 Creta 45.00 34.45 Clauda 52.20 34 00 Salamis 50.00 37 00 Enbea 43.40 38.15 Andros 55.00 37.12 Samathrocua 52.30 41.15 Mithilena 55 40 39 20 Chius 59.20 38.25 Trogylion 57 15 37 40 Pathmos 57.00 37.35 Cous 57.00 36.25 Rhodus 58.30 35.40 Raphus cypri 64.10 35.05 Salamais cypri. 66.20 35.10 The Travels of the holy Apostle S. Paul, with an axact annotation of the times. PAul was borne at Tarsus in Cicilia, about the tenth year of the nativity of our Saviour; and was near about the age of S. john the Evangelist, as the circumstances of Histories do declare. After he grew to some bigness, he was sent by his parents from thence to jerusalem, being 304 miles; where he had not been long brought up with Gamaliel (which signifies, The recompense of God) Acts 22. but he became the Disciple of Simon the just, Luke 2. Acts 5. This Paul was of the Tribe of Benjamin, Phil. 2. 2 Cor. 11. and being yet but a young man, he was one of those that kept the garments of the holy Martyr S. Stephen, who was stoned about the end of the four and thirtieth year after the nativity of Christ, Acts 1. at which time also S. john the Evangelist was but four and twenty years of age. If therefore you would observe the age of the Apostle Paul in this following discourse of his Travels, deduct ten from the years after the nativity of our Saviour Christ, and the remainder is his age. At his circumcision he was called Saul, that is, a mortal man: but when he was made the Apostle of the Gentiles, he was called Paul; of which name there was a noble family in Rome, so called because of the lowness of their stature, and smallness of their body; as Carolus Sigonius observeth. In the 35 year after the nativity of Christ Paul was an inquisitor for private heresy, and a cruel persecutor of the Gospel. The next year he went from jerusalem to Damascus in Syria, which was 160 miles: in which journey (about the 25 day of january) he was converted; and upon the 28 day of january was baptised by Ananias. So he stayed some few days in Damascus, and taught the Gospel of Christ, Acts 9 & 22. In the same year that he was converted, the jews & those that were enemies to the Gospel, went about by deceit to take his life; wherefore he went from Damascus to Arabia Petraea, which was 160 miles; here he continued teaching the Gospel by the space of three years, that is, from the beginning of the 35 to the end of the 37 year after the Nativity of Christ, Act. 9 In the 38 year after the Nativity of Christ he returned from Arabia Petraea and came to Damascus, which was 160 miles; and there he diligently taught the Gospel of Christ. But when in the same year Araeta King of Arabia went about to put him secretly to death, he was let down in a basket over the wall, and so went from Damascus to jerusalem, which was 160 miles: and when he came thither he brought Barnabas to the Apostles, and shown them his conversion, and remained with Peter 15 days preaching the Gospel. At this time he saw james the son of Alpheus and brother of our Lord, Acts 9 2 Cor. 11. Galat. 1. But when his adversaries that were at jerusalem went about secretly to put him to death, he went from jerusalem and was brought by the brethren to Caesarea Strato, which was 32 miles, Acts 9 About the 38 year after the nativity of Christ he went thence into Syria to Tarsus a city of Cilicia, which was 272 miles: here he continued some years teaching the Gospel of Christ, Gal. 1. 2 Cor. 11. In the 41 year after the nativity of Christ, and about the seventh year of his Ministry, he was brought by Barnabas from Tarsus to Antiochia in Syria, which was 120 miles. At this time and in this town all those that believed in Christ began to be called Christians, whereas before they were called Disciples and brothers, Acts 11. These things happened in the eight year after the resurrection of Christ: about this time also Matthew wrote his Gospel, and Agabus prophesied of the universal dearth that should happen under Claudius, Acts 11. In the 42 year after the nativity of Christ, Paul being then at Antiochia, and about 32 years of age, was wrapped up into the third heaven, 14 years before he wrote his second Epistle to the Corinthians, 2 Cor. 12. In the 43 year after the nativity of Christ, the famine whereof Agabus prophesied, being now begun, he went with the gifts of the Church from Antiochia to jerusalem, which was 280 miles: this year james the elder was beheaded at the command of Agrippa, Acts 11. & 12. In the 44 year after the nativity of Christ, Paul and Barnabas with Peter, were delivered out of prison by the Angel of the Lord. Now having distributed the gifts of the Church, he returned in the company of john Mark, from jerusalem to Antiochia, which was 280 miles. So these travels were 1928 miles. Of the towns and places to which he traveled. of Tarsus or Tharsus. THis was the Metropolis of Cilicia, situated upon the river of Cydnus, which beginning at Mount Taurus, runs thence through this town into the Mediterranean sea. It was first built by Perseus' King of the Persians, (whom the Poets feign to be the son of jupiter and Danaë) & called Tharsus, of the Hyacinth stone, which, as it seemeth, is found thereabouts. It was distant from jerusalem 304 miles towards the North; in ancient time a goodly city; but through the injury of the time, and invasion of the enemy, much impaired, & lay almost ruined, till (as Strab. saith, li. 14.) it was repaired by Sardanapalus that effeminate K. of the Assyrians; of whom Tully remembreth this Epitaph, lib. 5. Tuscula: Haec habeo quae aedi, quaeque exaturata libido, Hausit, at illa jacent multa & praeclara relicta. What things I eat or spend in sport and play; Those I enjoy, the rest I cast away. From his time, until the reign of Darius the last king of the Persians, it continued in great prosperity, and was become a marvelous stately city, the inhabitants thereof being grown very wealthy: but then Alexander the Great, making war upon that Prince, amongst others, brought his Army against this city: but the citizens hearing of his notable exploits, durst not abide his coming: therefore they fired the city, left he should make a prey of their riches, and fled: which when Alexander perceived, he gave order to Parmenio with all possible speed to quench the fire, and save the city. In the mean time the King (being pressed with an extraordinary thirst, by reason of the extreme heat that was in that country, the dust, and his long journey) put off his royal garments, and cast himself into the river Cydnus, which being a cold water coming out of the North, struck the heat presently inward, and so benumbed his sinews, that had it not been for the present help of his soldiers, and the extraordinary diligence and care of Philip his Physician, he had died immediately; notwithstanding, by the great providence of God, and the carefulness of his physician, he recovered his dangerous sickness beyond the expectation of man; and after overcame Darius in a sharp and cruel war, near to a place called Issa, as you may read before, See Plutarch in vita Alexand. and Quintus Curtius. From that time forward this city grew to be very famous, and daily increased in stateliness and fair buildings. And to add more dignity to it, there was a famous Academy, in which were many learned and rare Philosophers; in so much that they of Tharsus exceeded the Philosophers of Athens and Alexandria for learning and knowledged, though indeed for number of scholars and common resort they exceeded Tharsus. Saint Paul was borne and brought up in this Town, and here learned the knowledge of the tongues, Philosophy, and other good arts. He also perused the writings of Aratus, Epimenides; Menander, and other learned men, whose sayings are here and there dispersed through his Epistles. From thence he was sent to jerusalem, where he lived and was brought up at the feet of Gamaliel, who was Provost of that Academy: and after, was converted to be an Apostle of Christ jesus, as appeareth Acts 22. This town at this day is subject to the Empire of the Turks, and called by the name of Terassa; being neither so famous nor so fair a city, as in the time when the Roman Empire flourished; for then, because of the extraordinary virtue of the citizens, it was endowed with the liberty and freedom of Rome. Of Damascus. THis was a metropolitan town in Syria, distant from jerusalem 160 miles towards the North-east; being an ancient and fair city, and, before such time as Antiochia was built, the head of all that kingdom. It was situated in a fair and fruitful place, close by the mountain Libanus, which bringeth forth Frankincense, Ceders, Cypress, and many odoriferous and sweet smelling flowers. There were many Kings that kept their court in it, as Hadad, Benhadad the first, Benhadad the second, Hasael, and others, who grievously opposed the Kings of Israel in many sharp and cruel wars, as you may read before. The land round about it aboundeth with white and red Roses, Pomegranates, Almonds, Figs, and other sweet and pleasant fruits. In that place the Alabaster stone is found, very fair and clear. The air, pleasant and healthful. The river called Chrysorrus, runneth close by it, in which there is found golden veins which yielded perfect gold. The houses without are not very curious; but within, all of polished Marble and Alabaster guilt with resplendent gold, so artificially that it dazleth the beholder's eyes. There was a certain Florentine who revolted from the Christian faith, and obtained to be chief governor of this town; in which he erected a strong and beautiful castle, which stood for the defence of it. No man can sufficiently express the beauty and glory of this city: there is great traffic, and much resort of people to it, but especially of Turks, Saracens, Mamalucks, and other kinds of Pagan people, who are preferred before the Christians in that government: and although there are many Christians in that place, yet they are constrained to endure great injury by those Barbarians, because they are hated even to the death: and if any of them chance to die, they are buried in that place where Paul was converted. The inhabitants show the place where Saint Paul was let down over the wall in a basket; also the house of Ananias, who cured the blindness of Paul, besides many other things that are memorable in that city, of which you may read in Sebestian Munster, Sebastian Frankus, Plin. lib. 5. and many other authors. Of Arabia. MAny things are already spoken concerning this Country, as the division of the place; one called Petraea, the other Deserta, and the third, Foelix. Arabia Petraea is so called from the Metropolitan city thereof, called Petra, which is situated forty miles from jerusalem towards the South, and bordereth upon Egypt and India. It is also called Arabia Nabathea, as you may read before. Paran and Sur are a part of it, compassing towards the East the land of judaea, and so extendeth to Damascus. This country is very full of rocks and stones, the chief city Petra being situated upon a rock, of which it taketh the name. Here standeth the mountains Horeb and Sinai; here the children of Israel traveled when they went out of Egypt; here is the Sardonix stone found; and the people of this country in times past were great Prophets and Astrologians; here also S. Paul taught the Gospel a little after his conversion, Gal. 1. at which time Aretas was King thereof, whose sister was married to Herod the Tetrarch of Galilee and Petraea; but he cast her off, and married Herodias his brother Philip's wife, upon which there began a bloody war between Aretas and Herod, and a sharp battle was fought near to Gamala a city beyond jordan. And although the two Kings were not at this battle, yet by the treason and flight of the soldiers out of Tracones, (who without all question would have revenged the contempt done unto their Lord Philip) the Arabian army carried away a notable victory, as josephus witnesseth, lib. antiq. 18. cap. 9 Aretas signifieth, An excellent man; which was a common name to the Kings of Arabia. It is to be thought that Damascus and all the Country round about was under the jurisdiction of this King; and that he ordained a Lieutenant or General in those parts, who would have taken Paul and put him to death, Acts 9 2 Col. 12. The other part of Arabia is called by Ptolemy, Deserta; but Strabo calls it, Scenilis, because the inhabitants thereof are without buildings or Tents, and live like vagrants up and down the woods. This is compassed in upon the South with certain mountains of Arabia Foelix; towards the North, it borders upon Mesopotamia; and towards the West, upon Petraea. The third is called Arabia Foelix, because of the fertility thereof; for they have there every year two harvests, as they have in India, as Strabo observeth. See Plin. lib. 6. cap. 28. Of Antiochia. YOu may read of this Town before. It is said that Luke the Evangelist was borne here. This man was by profession a Physician, Colos. 4. and an inseparable companion to Paul in all his Travels: he was of the number of the seventy Disciples, as Epiphanius observeth. Tertullian saith in his fourth book against Martion, that Luke received his Gospel from the mouth of Paul: he lived till he was 84 years old, and then died, and lies buried at Constantinople, as S. jerom saith; for his bones were removed out or Achaia thither. The second Travels of the Apostle Paul, in the company of Barnabas. IN the eleventh year after the nativity of Christ, and in the four and fortieth year of Paul, he and Barnabas was sent by the holy spirit from Antiochia in Syria to Seleucia, which was four and twenty miles. From Seleucia they sailed to Salamais in Cyprus, which was 94 miles, Acts 13. From thence they went to Paphos, which is in the same Isle where Sergius Paulus was converted, and Elymas the Magician, who professing himself to be the Messiah and Son of God, was struck with blindness, Act. 13. this journey was 100 miles. They losing from Paphos, went by sea and land (the same year) to Pergamus a city of Pamphilia, situated in Asia minor, which was 148 miles. In the 45 year after the Nativity of Christ, they went from Pergamus to Antiochia in Pisidia, which was 132 miles. From thence they went to Iconia, which was 96 miles; here they stayed some time and converted many, Act. 13. & 14. In the 46 year after the nativity of Christ, there being a great tumult raised in that country, lest the inhabitants should have stoned them, they fled thence to Lystra a city of Lyaconia, where Paul healed the lame man, which was 28 miles. The inhabitants seeing this miracle, worshipped them for gods, and called Barnabas, jupiter; and Paul, Mercurius; because he wrought the miracle. But not long after, certain jews coming from Antiochia and Iconia, arrived in Listra, by whose persuasion the people stoned Paul, and supposing him to be dead carried him out of the city: but when his Disciptes came unto him, he rose up and went into the town, Act. 14. The next day they went to Derbe, a city of Lyaconia, which was 48 miles. From thence they returned back again to Lystra in the same year, which was 28 miles. From Iconia they came to Antiochia in Pisidia, which was 16 miles: in this city they comforted the Disciples, exhorting them that they should persevere in their faith, For through many afflictions we must enter into the Kingdom of heaven. They also elected Elders in the Churches, so with fasting and prayers they commended them to the Lord in whom they believed. In the 47 year after Christ, they went from Antiochia through all Pisidia, and came to Pergamus a city in Pamphilia, which was 132 miles: here they preached the word of the Lord, Acts 14. From Pergamus in the following year they went down to the city of Attalia, which was 26 miles. In the 48 year after the nativity of Christ, they loosed thence and went to Antiochia in Syria, which was 340 miles, here they assembled the Church and shown what wonderful things the Lord had wrought by them, and how he had opened the door of faith unto the Gentiles: in this place they stayed a great space, Acts 14. In the year following they went from Antiochia to jerusalem (which was 280 miles) to the Apostolical Council, which was celebrated in that city, Anno Dom. 49. and as they went they passed through Phoenicia and Samaria, and there declared the estate of the Church among the Gentiles, Acts 15. From jerusalem they (with Sylas and judas, surnamed Barsabas) went again to Antiochia in Syria, which was 280 miles: here Paul opposed Peter for preaching unto the Gentiles, Gal. 2. So these travels of Paul were 1744 miles. Of the towns and places to which he traveled. Of Cyprus. BEcause you may read of Seleucia before, I therefore willingly omit it, that I might speak more fully of Cyprus. This is a fair and spacious Isle, situated in the Mediterranean sea in the gulf of Issa, bordering upon Cilicia and Syria, distant 160 miles from jerusalem towards the North, as Strabo saith, lib. 14. It is in compass 428 miles, very fertile, powerful and spacious for an Island. There inhabited in it in times past nine Kings, and (as Pliny saith, lib. 5. cap. 31.) called Macaria, or one of the happy Islands: the inhabitants were given much unto luxury and venery; from whence it happened that Venus was greatly honoured amongst them. It is said that there are many precious stones found in it, besides Crystal, Alum, and Cypress wood which abounds in that place, from which it seemeth the Island was called Cyprus. There are also found many Simples that are Physical, much Sack comes thenee and many other things necessary for the life of man. Here also standeth the Mountain Olympus, whose top seemeth to touch the heavens, from whence it taketh the name because there never lies any clouds upon it. Lucan, lib. 2. There are four mountains of this name; the one lieth between Macedon and Thessaly; the other in Cyprus, the third amongst the Mysians, at the foot whereof Hannibal built Prusa; and the fourth in Aethiopia, upon the East side of Heliopolis. There are many cities in this country, as Macaria, Cyprus or Cyrhera, after called Paphos, and now Baffa (in which there standeth such a famous Temple, that Venus of that is called Cypria and Cytherea) Nicosia, and Salamus now called Famagusta. There have been many and cruel sharp wars between the Venetians and Turks concerning this country, but at this day it is under the jurisdiction of the Turks; from whence they fetch great abundance of Pitch and Rosin for their ships and cables. Of Salamais. SAlamais, Salamin, or Salamina was one of the principal cities of Cyprus, and was distant from jerusalem 196 miles towards the North; built by Teucer the son of Telamonius, and situated in the Eubeian sea just against Athens. The occasion why this town was built, happened by reason of a discontent that grew between Teucer and his father Telamonius: for Teucer returning from Troy (not having revenged the death of his brother Ajax) so much incensed his father that he banished him his country, whereupon Teucer sailed thence to Cyprus, where he built this city, and because of the extraordinary affection that he bore to the country where he was borne, called it by the name of Salamena, or Salamais. Saint jerom saith, that there is a river of extraordinary hot water that runneth through a great part of this country; and that it was once overcome by the jews, and utterly ruined and destroyed; but afterward repeopled and called by the name of Constantia. This town at this day is called by the name of Famagusta, and was taken (with the whole Island of Cyprus) by Mustapha chief Captain to Selimus the second, Emperor of the Turks, An. Dom. 1570. Solon that notable and famous Philosopher was borne in this Town. And Paul and Barnabas sailed out of Syria and lived in this Town, Acts 31. Of Paphos. THis City is situated upon the shore of Cyprus, 212 miles from jerusalem towards the North, and seemeth to take the name from Paphos the son of Pygmalion the Artificer. In this town there stood a notable Temple, built by that Pygmalion in the honour of Venus; for that (as it seemeth by the Poets) he was much given to women. Here Elimas' that wicked Magician who (as some will have it) called himself the son of jesus; as others, the son of jehovah, dwelled, whom the Lord by the hand of Paul struck with blindness. Here also Sergius Paulus the Proconsul was converted. It was in times past a goodly fair city, as the ruins thereof testify to this day; but now it is destroyed and almost desolate. There (as it is for the most part through that Island) the air is impure and unwholesome, and the ruins of many goodly churches and buildings are to be seen; also the walls of a strong and almost impregnable tower situated upon a hill in the middle of the city; and as may be thought, was sometime the habitation of Sergius Paulus. There is also shown under a certain Church (which in ancient times belonged unto the brothers of the Minories (a certain Prison divided into seven rooms, where Paul and Barnabas were imprisoned for preaching the Gospel. Here also under another Church is found a spring of very wholesome water, which is a present remedy for the Ague and Fever. Here also is excellent Wine. Of Perga. PErga was a city of Pamphilia, from whence Diana is called Pergea, because there was a notable Temple in that Town which was dedicated to her. It is situated in Asia the less, near to Cheractus, as Ptolomais saith; but as Strabo saith, close by Cestria a fair and goodly river, 356 miles from jerusalem towards the North. The country wherein this standeth is full of mountains, extending from the mountain Taurus (which beginneth in this place, abounding with Vines, Olives, and other fruits) unto the sea. There are many fair and fruitful pastures in it, and many goodly and beautiful cities; as Aspendius, Phaselis, & this Perga, besides many others needless to be named. There was usually every year a great feast kept here in honour of Diana; but Paul and Barnabas coming to this town, converted most of the inhabitants to the knowledge of God and of his son Christ jessu, Acts 13. Of Antiochia in Pisidia. THis was the chief city in Pisidia, situated in Asia minor, 460 miles from jerusalem towards the North. S. Paul converted a great multitude in this town to the faith of Christ. Of Iconium. IConium was one of the Metropolitan Cities of Lycaonia, as Pliny saith, lib. 5. cap. 27. situated not fare from the bowing of mount Taurus in Asia the less, as Strabo saith lib. 12. 420 miles from jerusalem towards the North. In this city Paul and Barnabas continued a long time, and did many miracles, by which means a great multitude of the inhabitants were converted to the Christian faith, Acts 13.14. It is to this day a fair city, and under the government of the Turks, who won it from the Princes of Caramanian. About 400 years before, there was a great battle fought close by this town, between the Saracens and the army of the Emperor Conradus the third, in which the Christians lost the day. Of Lystra. THis is a City in Lycaonia situated in Asia the less, 436 miles from jerusalem towards the North. In this Town Timothy was borne, Acts 16.2 Tim. 3. In this city Paul healed the Cripple and was stoned, Acts 14.2 Cor. 11. Of Darbe. THis also was a city in Lycaonia situated in Asia the less, 388 miles from jerusalem towards the North, where Paul and Barnabus preached the Gospel, Acts 14. Of Attalia. ATtalia was a haven Town of Pamphilia, built by Attalus Philadelphus' King of Pergamus, after whose name it was so called, as Strato observeth, lib. 14. being distant from jerusalem 332 miles towards the North. Paul and Barnabas sailed out of Syria into this town. At this day it is called Catalias. The third Travels of Paul in the company of Sylas. IN the fifth year after the ascension of Christ Paul took unto him Sylas, and going through Syria and Cilicia, came to Derbe, which is 400 miles, and there established the Churches, Acts 15.16. From Derbe they went to Lystra, 48 miles, where Paul circumcised Timothy, Acts 16. In the 51 year after Christ they went from Lystra, and so traveled through Galatia, Phrygia, and being hindered by the spirit that they could not preach in Bythinia, they went thorough Mysia, and so came to Troas; where by a vision that Paul saw in the night he was admonished to go into Macedonia, Acts 16. So this journey between Lycia and Troas was 480 miles. Losing from Troas they sailed with a direct course to Samo-Thracia, 116 miles. From thence they sailed to Neapolis, 92 miles. From thence they went to Philippos in Macedonia 24 miles; Act. 16. hear Lydda the seller of purple was converted, and Paul dispossessed a Devil: and then he and Sylas being scourged were cast into prison, Paul being then about 41 years of age, Acts 16. From Philippos they went to Amphipolis, about 36 miles, Acts 17. From thence they went to Apollonia, 44 miles. From Apollonia they went to Thessalonica, where the jews stirred up a tumult: 80 miles. Wherefore they went thence by night, and came to Berrhaea 60 miles: here also the jews stirred up a tumult, Acts 17. These things happened in the summer season, An. Dom. 51. From Berrhaea Paul was brought by the Brethren to the sea, where entering into a ship he went to Athens, which was 264 miles; where he converted Dionysius the Areopagite. From this town he wrote both his Epistles to the Thessalonians, as the subscription witnesseth, and sent them to Thessalonica. These were the first Epistles that Paul wrote. Afterward he went from Athens and came to Corinthia, 74 miles: he came thither about the beginning of August, An. D. 51 and continued there a whole year and six months, preaching the Gospel, and making tents with Aquila the jew, who was of that trade, Acts 19 From Corinthia, about the spring An. Do. 53. he went to Cenchraea with Aquila and Priscilla, 304 miles. There for devotions' sake he polled his head. From Cenchraea he sailed in the company of Aquila and Priscilla to Ephesus, about 304 miles. Here he left them, Acts 18. From Ephesus he sailed to Caesarea Strato in judaea, being 280 miles. From Caesarea he went to jerusalem, 32 miles, and saluted the Church. From the city of jerusalem Paul went to Antiochia in Syria, 280 miles. So all these travels were 2154 miles. ¶ Of the towns and places to which he traveled. Of Cilicia. BEcause you may read of Syria before, I will omit it, and proceed to speak of Cilicia. This was a country in Asia the less, so called (as some would have it) from Cilix the King's son of Phoenicia; compassed in upon the East with the mountain Amanus; upon the North with the mountain Taurus; upon the West by Pamphilia; and upon the South by the Mediterranean sea. At this day it is called Caramania, and is distant from jerusalem 304 miles towards the North. In times past it was divided into two parts, that is, into Cilicia the higher and the lower: Cilicia the higher aboundeth with mountains, the lower is a plain champain country very fertile and pleasant. The principal cities thereof are Tarsus, where the Apostle Paul was born, and where the river Cydnus runs through the midst of it; Issus, where Alexander overcame Darius last Emperor of the Persians; Anazarba, where Dioscorides that excellent Physician was borne, who was of great estimation with Antonius and Cleopatra. There are six books yet extant of his profitable and necessary labours in that science. From hence may be gathered that the situation is strong and pleasant; in regard it is fortified on every side with mountains, but principally with the mountain Taurus (famous for the fertility of it, and the passage of Alexander with his army, who at the he conquered Darius, went through the strait passages thereof, being both dangerous and difficult) and watered with many Rivers that take their beginning from that mountain, & so passeth Southward through all Cilicia, falling then into the Mediterranean sea. Of Galatia. GAlatia or Gallo-Grecia is a country of Asia minor, distant from jerusalem 400 miles; having upon the East Cappadocia, upon the South Pamphilia, upon the West Bythinia, and on the North the Euxine sea. The cities of this country were anciently Sinopis, where King Mithridates kept his Court, and Diogenes the Cynic was born; Amisus, also Pessinus, where the Mother of the gods was had in great honour, and was fetched thence by the Romans. This was a famous mart town (as Livy saith, li. 29.) Laodicea, Tavius, and Ancyra, where there was held a notable Synod: and in this large and spacious country also stood Antiochia Pisidia; for the Galathians dwelled in all Paphlagonia a part of Licaonia, Pisidia, and Isauria: in which countries the Apostle Paul taught the Gospel of Christ. These inhabitants (which in those days were called Galathians) are said to be a people of France, who joining themselves to the Cymbrians, Danes, and Germans, under the conduct of Brennus their captain invaded Italy; in which enterprise they were so fortunate that they conquered a great part of it, wherein they planted colonies: and because of their nearness to their own country in process of time grew mighty; and from that beginning the country where they inhabited was called Cice-alpine-Gallia; taking that name partly of the place, partly of the people. After, Brennus and his army making use of their fortunes, foraged all Italy, and came to Rome, which they won and sacked, all but the Capitol, and that also was in great danger, until such time as Camillus (a valiant Roman Captain) taking advantage of the enemy's security (who now took more care how to satisfy their covetousness, than to defend what they had got) of a sudden set upon them; by which unexpected invasion they were put to a marvelous strait, and the besieged greatly encouraged; so that they also issuing out of the Capitol, made such a slaughter, that they forced Brennus and his army to retire, and to restore all the pillage that he had got, and also forsake the country. This misfortune they bore patiently, considering their former prosperity, and in hope of better success sailed thence into Grecia: where, after they had attempted many noble exploits, and failing in some, they determined a voyage for Delphos, because there was great store of treasure, and the inhabitants (as they supposed) weak to oppose their army. In this expedition they used much pillage and robbing upon the Seas; and through many dangers came at length to this Isle, landed their men, won the city, fired a great part of it, and put many of the inhabitants to the sword: with this victory, most of his army which were more religious than the rest, would have willingly left the country; but Brennus who beforetimes had been used to sacrilege, and those that were as covetous as himself, thought it baseness through an opinion of holiness to leave so great a booty behind them as was contained in the Temple of Apollo, (for that place of all the Temples of the world in those times was notorious for riches and treasure, the many and great gratuities and offerings of most Princes, which were both magnificent and rich, being hoarded up in the secret caves of this Oracle) wherefore they attempted the assault, but with bad success, for the devil raised such a tempest, with thundering, lightning, and other strange and uncoth accidents, that Brennus in this distemperature of the air was * Some say he killed himself with his own dagger. slain, many of his ships were set on fire, and the greatest part of his army lost, being either spoiled with lightning, slain by the inhabitants, or dispersed with fear. Such event had this sacrilegious attempt. Those that remained, after they had gathered themselves into a body, went thence into Asia the less, and planted themselves in this country; where the inhabitants in process of time called them Gallo-Graecians, adding their original name to that of the country wherein they lived: and after, for beauty's sake, they were called Galatians, See Liu. lib. 5. Diodorus Siculus, lib. 6. saith, That the inhabitants of Galatia were so called of this people, in the time that Gidion judged Israel, & that Cyrus was Emperor of Persia; both may be true, considering the mutability and change of States in those times. Some think they were first called Galatians by Attalus King of Pergamus, (who gave them a great overthrow close by the river Halym) because they originally were of Gallia, and continued sometime in Graecia, and after came into Asia; so he joining these two names into one, called them Gallo-Graecians, or Gallatians. This history is diversely reported by diverse authors; but all conclude that they rested and inhabited in Asia, where their posterity continued to this day. In times past it was a very warlike and generous nation, and in their expedition performed many noble exploits, attaining to eminence only by their sword; for which cause many Princes near them were beholding unto them for their aid: but withal, cruel and barbarous, insomuch as they oftentimes eat their captives or offered them to their gods; and thus they continued for the space of 300 years, till Paul coming into that country preached the Gospel amongst them, and converted them from this Barbarism to the Christian faith. He sent an Epistle to this people from Rome, being 1200 miles. They in those times held all Paphligonia, a part of Phrigia, Cappadocia, and of all the neighbouring countries thereabouts, which after their names was called Gallo Graecia or Galatia: such a mighty nation was this grown in a short time, at first being a people thrust out of their own country for want of a place to inhabit in, as you may read more at large in the fifth book of Livy, whose authority I have principally followed herein. Of Phrygia. PHrygia is as much to say as a dry and sandy country, situated in Asia the less between Galatia and Mysia, 600 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. It is divided into two parts, the greater and the less: in the greater Phrygia stood Smyrna; in the less Dardania, so called of Dardanus who first built it: in which town there reigned many wealthy & mighty Princes, as Ericthonius, Tros of whom it was called Troy, Ilus of whom it was called Ilium, Laomedon who was the father of Priamus the last king thereof, for in his time it was destroyed by the Grecians. Of which desolation I will not speak because it is commonly known. It lay waste so long (although it had been a fair and goodly city, the like not in the world) that the place where it stood was become like a plain field, only here and there some heaps of old ruins, to show that there had been a city in that place. And as Virgil said, I am seges est ubi Troia fuit, Corn now grows where Troy stood. A long time after there were a certain people that called themselves Trojans, who rebuilt it, but not in the same place, and in it erected a goodly Temple in honour of the goddess Pallas to the which Temple Alexander the Great (after he had conquered Darius' King of Persia close by the river Granicus, which took beginning in a mountain not far from Troy) went, and with singular gladness and great solemnity offered many rich and goodly Presents, enlarged the town, and greatly adorned. But after he had ended the Persian war, and conquered almost all the known world, he sent very kind and loving letters to these new Trojans, promising not only to enlarge the town, and endow it with ma-priviledges and revenues, but also to build up a fair and sumptuous Temple there, as Strabo lib. 15. saith: all which was done for the love he bore to Homer's Iliads. Wherefore look what Alexander had promised, Lysimachus (one of his chief Princes, and King of Thrace) after his death performed; for he returned to Troy, enlarged the city, beautified it with goodly buildings, set up a stately Temple, and then compassed it about with strong walls. After this sort it continued a long time, until Fimbria a Quaestor of the Romans (when he had slain Valerius Flaccus the Consul, with whom he was sent, against Mithridates' King of Pontus) besieged it, and within ten days space won it; making his vaunts, that he conquered that city in ten days, which Agamemnon could scarce do in ten years; to which one of the inhabitants of the city answered, That then Troy had a Hector, but now it had none. But for this he cruelly wasted the city. This destruction happened in the 84 year before Christ: thus it lay desolate till Augustus Caesar's time, who caused it again to be re-edified and beautified with many fair and goodly buildings, because the Romans, and especially those noble families of the julij and Caesars, do derive their progeny from the Trojans: for which cause Augustus used such diligence in the rebuilding of this city, and bestowed such infinite cost, that he much exceeded Alexander, and made it a fair and goodly city. At this day it is called Ilium. But in the place of old Troy there is little to be seen, only a small town, as Strabo saith. It is distant from jerusalem, 760 miles, Northwestward. Of Bythinia. THis country is opposite to Constantinople, situated in Asia minor, distant from Irusalem Northwestward, and so called of Bythinus the son of jupiter and Thrax. It was sometime called Pontus, Bebrycia, and Mygdonia, as Stephanus saith. In this country the Apostle Paul could not preach the Gospel of Christ when he went into Macedonia and Graecia, because he was hindered by the Spirit, Act. 16. The principal cities thereof were Calcidon, Heraclea, Nicaea, Nicomedia, Apamea, Flaviopolis, Libissa (where Hannibal lieth buried) and Prusa, now called Byrsa, where in times past the Emperors of Turkey kept their Courts, and were buried. The mother and metropolis of all these cities was Nicaea, or rather Nicaea, being distant from jerusalem 720 miles towards the Northwest; at the first called Antigonia, of Antigonus the son of Philip King of Asia, who built it after the death of Alexander the Great. But Lysimachus called it Nicaea, after his wife's name, and at this day is called Nissa. The compass thereof is two miles, being four square, situated (as Strabo saith lib. 12.) in a fair and pleasant place, lying close by the pool of Ascania, and hath in it 4 gates, standing in a direct line; all which gates might easily have been seen from a certain stone which stood in the middle of the Market place. In this city the most Christian Emperor Constantine the Great celebrated a Council, anno Dom. 325. at which time there were present 320 Bishops, who condemned the Arrian heresy, and instituted the Nicaen Creed. But after that, viz. anno Dom. 326, the Arrians endeavouring to hold a second Council in this city, to confirm their opinions, and to dissolve that which went before, the Lord hindered them with an Earthquake, by which almost half the city was thrown down. Not long after, there happened another earthquake which utterly destroyed it: notwithstanding it was rebuilt again, and in it a second Council held, wherein the Nicaen Creed was condemned. There were many cities of this name; that before spoken of, another in Thrace, a third in France, not far from the river Varus, a fourth (as Stephanus saith) is amongst the Lorrenses in Graecia, a fift in Illeria, a sixth in India, a seventh in Corsica, and the eighth in Leuctris of Boetia. Of Mysia. THis is a country of Asia the less, bordering upon Helle spont and Troada; being divided into two parts, that is, the greater and the less. That part that bordreth upon Troada, is distant from jerusalem 800 miles Northwestward: but that which is called Mysia the less, and bordering upon Lydia, is 1028 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. In this country stood Pergamus, to which john wrote his Revelation; Scepsis where one Neleus kept the books of Aristotle till Apollonius time, also Antandrus, Adramitium, Tranoiapolis, and Apollinia, which stood close by the river Thyndaeus. The inhabitants were men of a base condition, and contemned of the world, insomuch as they became a proverb, as often as a man would denote a thing of no estimation, they would say Vltimum esse Mysiorum, that is, It is worse than the Mysians, as it appeareth in Cicero's oration for Flaccus. Yet notwithstanding, Paul and john the Evangelist preached the doctrine and light of the Gospel to this poor and despised people, so that the Mysians, which were a contemptible and abominable nation before all the world, were not so before God, for they were converted at the preaching of john and Paul: From whence he saith, Not many wise according to the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble; but God hath chosen the foolish things of this world, that they might confute and overthrew the wise, etc. 1. Cor. 1. In times past they were a great people, though of small estimation, for they had under their jurisdiction, Lydia, Caria, Pergamus, Thyatira, Sardis, Philidelphia, and Laodicea; to many of which john wrote his Revelation. Also (as Herodotus saith, Lib. 7.) the Mysians and Teucrians, before the Trojan war, passed into Europe, and there won and held Thracia, Macedonia, and all the land to the Adriatic sea, etc. Of Troas. THis city Troas, where Paul raised Eutichus (which signifies happy or fortunate) from death to life, Acts. 10. stood upon the sea of Hellespont in Asia the less 720 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. Antigonus' king of Asia called it Troas, because it was in the country where Troy was. But after the death of Alexander he called it after his own name Antigonia: And the better to honour it, kept his court there. But Lysimachus King of Thrace having got this city into his jurisdiction, bestowed great cost upon it, and set up many fair and goodly buildings, than called it after Alexander's name, Alexandria, and so it began to be called Alexandria Troas, Plin. lib. 5. Strabo, l. 13. Ier de locis Hebraicis. Now it was called Alexandria Troas to put a difference between it and diverse other cities of that name: for there was an Alexandria in Egypt, another in India, and many others elsewhere; but only this in the country where Troy stood. It was situated in a high and spacious mountain, about a mile and a half from the shore of Propontus towards the East, between which & Troads is twenty and eight miles. It is a thing worthy observation, to consider by what diverse names the sea that lies between Europe and Asia the less is called, for between Constantinople and Calcidonia, close by the Euxine sea it is called Thracius Bosphorus, in which place it is not above half a mile broad: here Xerxes when he invaded Graecia, built up a bridge for his army to pass over. There is also another straight and narrow place in this sea, which is called by the name of Cimmerius Bosphorius. These two Bosphori are so called (as some authors hold) because a Bull when he loweth may be heard from the one side to the other: but Pliny seemeth to derive the name from Io, that fair maid which jupiter turned into a Cow, who swum over this sea, and of her was called Bosphorus, lib. 6. cap. 1. It is also called Propontus, because it lieth just before the Euxine sea; and Hellespont from Helle the daughter of Athamantis K. of Thebes who was drowned therein: then running thence it falleth into a gulf of the Mediterranean Ocean, & there it is called the Aegean sea, of Aegeus King of Athens, who drowned himself therein for the supposed loss of his son Theseus. In this sea were situate the Isles of Pathmos, Mytelene, Samothrace, Chius, Lesbus, and many other Isles, as you may read in the travels of S. Paul. Of Samothracia, ot Samothrace. SAmothracia is an Isle of the Aegean sea, situate between Troades and Thracia, eight hundred and eighty miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest, close to that part of Thracia, where Hebrus falleth into the sea; sometimes called Dardania, of Dardanus King of Troy, who when he had slain his brother jacius, and taken from him the Palladiam, he came first into Samothracia, and then into Asia, where he first laid the foundation of the city called Troy, and of that Kingdom. And although this Isle at that time was called Dardania, yet because of the nearness that it had to Thrace, and the altitude of the rock whereon it stood, it soon changed the name: and then especially, when the people called Samos came thither to inhabit, who after their own name called it Samothracia. It stood upon such a lofty place, that from thence all the countries round about might easily be seen. Arsinoë Queen of Thrace was banished by Ptolomeus her brother, into this Island, who after put to death all her children, and usurped upon the kingdom of Thrace. A cruel part in a brother. Virg. li. Aeneid. 3. makes mention of this Island, saying, Treiciamque Samum quae nunc Samothracia fertur. And Samian-Troy, which now adays is Samo-Thracia called. Strabo also writeth of it, li. 13. And in Acts 16. it is said, S. Paul sailed from Troad is to Samothracia, & so went thence into Thracia and came to the city of Neapolis. Of Neapolis. THis Neapolis to which Paul went, was a city of Thrace not far from Macedoni, 880 miles from jerusalem Northwestward, called also of some Caurus. There are many other Cities of this name; one in judea, where Sichem and Sichar stood; another in Caria, a third in Africa, a fourth in Pannonia; but above all, that which stands in Campania is most remarkable being the chief city of the Neapolitan kingdom. Of Philippe. THis city in times past was called Crenides, because of the veins of gold that were found close by it. But after, Philip King of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great, caused it in the year before Christ 354, to be re-edified and enlarged, and then after his own name called it Philippos. It was situated in Grecia close by the river Stridon, 936 miles from jerusalem toward the Northwest) and endowed with many privileges. In those times the gold was so much increased in this place, that the revenue thereof was worth unto this King more than a thousand Talents, which at 4500 li. the talon, amounteth to forty five Millions of pounds yearly. By the which means King Philip grew so rich, that he caused his gold to be coined, and called it after his own name, Philippian gold. To this place Paul came, and did many miracles, taught the Gospel, and converted many. From hence he wrote his second Epistle to the Corinthians, and sent it to Corinth; even 292 miles. He also wrote an Epistle from Rome to the Christians of this Town, and sent it them by the hands of Epaphroditus, even 628 miles. It was afterward a Colony of the Romans. Of Amphipolis. THis was a city of Macedonia, compassed about with the river Strymon, from whence it took the name; and was distant from jerusalem 960 miles towards the Northwest. Here also the Apostle Paul was, Acts 17. Of Apollonia. THis was a city of Mygdonia, situated not fare from Thessalonica towards the West, close by the river Echedorus, 948 miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest: being so called from Apollines, which signifies the Sun: it stood twenty miles from Thessalonica. There are many other Cities of this name; one situate in Graecia, close by the Adriatic sea; another, among the Islands of Thrace; a third, in Crect, on this side the river Ister; a fourth, in Syria; and a fift, in Africa amongst the Cyrene's. Of Thessalonia or Thessalonica. THis was a city of Macedon, in ancient times called Halia, because it stood upon the sea; after, called Therma, of the hot baths that were in it; and lastly, Thessalonica, of Philip the son of Amyntas King of the Macedonians, who gave it that name either of the great victory that he had against the Thessalonians, or else after the name of his daughter called Thessalonica, who was the mother of Cassandrus: it stood close by the Thermaick gulf, not fare from the mouth of the river Echedorus, 932 miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest. The Apostle Paul taught publicly in this city, and there converted a great multitude of people, Act. 17. He also wrote two Epistles to the inhabitants thereof, and sent them from Athens, being 232 miles distant. In the time of Theodosius the first, Emperor of Rome, there happened by reason of some discontent, a grievous sedition amongst the Thessalonians, in which stir some of his captains & governors were slain. Wherefore the Emperor (having intelligence of what had happened) sent an army against the city, with authority to put to death a certain number of those who had rebelled: whence it happened that the city was filled with many unjust slaughters: for the soldiers respecting more their private profit than the equity of the cause, spared neither innocent nor nocent, young nor old; so that as well the inhabitants as strangers that resorted thither did partake of this misery, and suffered like punishment as did they which were the first authors of this rebellion. But because the emperor was consenting unto these evils, Ambrose Bishop of Milan would not suffer him without public repentance to come to the sacrament of the Lords supper: wherefore in a public assembly he acknowledged his offence with great contrition, Theodor. li. 5. ca 17. & Soz. li. 7. ca 24. This town was afterward purchased by the Venetians, of Andronichus Palaeologus son of Emanuel Emperor of Constantinople; who held it a long time, until Amurath Emperor of the Turks won it from them, and exercised grievous cruelty upon the inhabitants. At this day it is a fair and goodly city, wherein is to be seen 23 Churches, and is inhabited both by Christians, jews, and Turks, as Sebastian Munster saith: but the greatest number is jews, who are partly merchants, partly of other trades; their number in this place (as it is said by some of their own nation) is 14000, and they have 80 synagogues: but they are constrained to wear yellow wreaths about their heads, the Christians blew, & the Turks white. There are many jews also in Constantinople and Adrianople; but in no place more than in this town, which is now called Salonica. Of Berraea. THis is a city of Macedon, situated upon the river of Halakmon, 960 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. In this city the jews stirred up a great tumult and sedition against the Apostle Paul, Acts 17. At this day it it is called Voria. Of Athens. THis was the most famous City of all Grecia, the mother of Arts, and a bountiful nourisher of large and mighty Colonies, in that part of Achaia called Act or Attica. It was situated upon the shore of the Mediterranean sea, 720 miles from jerusalem Westward. It took name from a Divine knowledge; for the word is derived of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, i. the mind of God. It was first built by Cecrops, five years before Moses fled out of Egypt into the land of the Midianites, and of him called Cecropia. This Cecrops was the first King thereof, and there succeeded him at least 40, both famous & worthy princes. But after it was called Mopsonia, of Mopsus K. of Thessaly: and after jonia, which name it held for a while: and lastly Athens, dedicated to Pallas (which goddess the Grecians say was born of the brain of jupiter) which name it held a long time after. There lived in this city Solon, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Demosthenes, and many other excellent Philosophers. It was situated upon a fair and strong Rock, beautified with many goodly Temples and buildings; but principally that of Minerva was most sumptuous, in which there hung a great number of Lamps, which gave a continual light. There was also the Monastery of the holy Virgins, and the image of Pallas made all of white Ivory very curious and costly. There were many Schools, Colleges, and pleasant gardens in which Philosophers used to walk, and it abounded with sweet and delectable music, and with great resort of Merchants and Scholars. To conclude, in those times it was the most notable city in the world. Moreover, there were many profitable havens for the receipt of ships, but that which was called Piraeum exceeded, being capable to receive 40 * As some say 400. ships; beautified with many goodly buildings, in compass two miles, fortified with seven walls, and joining to the city (whereof Terence writeth in Eunuch. Act. 3. Scen. 4) At this day it is called Porto Lini, fortified with two walls four miles in length, extending to the hill Munichya, the surname of Diana (being compassed in the figure of a chersonese, & so joined to the city of Athens. In which distance there are two other havens besides that of Piraeum. In this jupiter had a magnificent Temple, and in it were found many artificial tables, pictures, and graved images, all which are at this day destroyed and carried away. It hath been three times destroyed; first by Xexes and Mardonius, which happened in the year before Christ 479. Then by Lysander, who broke down an hundred paces of the wall, and almost utterly destroyed their ships, and broke down the haven of Peraea. It was also sore oppressed by the Romans, and they also broke down their haven and burnt their ships, but spared the town, and held it in great estimation. But it was the third time overthrown and utterly destroyed by the Turks, who both changed the place and name of the city, after it had flourished 3113 years. At this day it is divided into three parts, and called by the name of Sethina, because of the variety of the inhabitants that live in it, being very well peopled, and a fair and spacious City, but much altered from that it was in times past. For although before it was the very mother of eloquence, and glory of Attica, yet at this day it is so much altered, that their language is base, and their glory is eclipsed. The uppermost part of the city, where formerly the temple stood dedicated to the unknown God, is now wholly and absolutely in the hands of the Turks, in which they have built a strong and almost invincible Castle, which hath the command of the rest of the town. The second and middle part of the town is all inhabited by Christians. In the third there standeth a fair and goodly Palace, supported with marble pillars, and adorned with goodly works. In this part of the City there inhabiteth people of diverse sects and conditions. And here also is the seat of a Metropolitan, who hath under him many Bishops. So that God doth support and maintain his Church even amongst the enemies thereof; for there ate four Patriarches in Turkey, to which all the other Christian Metroplitans and Bishops are subject; viz. the Patriarch of Alexandria, Constantinople, Antiochia, and jerusalem. Paul was the first man that preached the Gospel of Christ in this city, and converted many citizens, but especially Dionysius the Areopagite, who dwelled upon a promontory without the city, and as it seems was one of the principal judges and governors of the town; for after he had taught publicly in the town, & had disputed against the jews and Philosophers concerning Christ, they supposing him to be a busy fellow, and one worthy of death as a disturber of the common peace, brought him before this Dionysius, that so by his judgement he might receive condign punishment for his offence. But S. Paul so well behaved himself, and preached with such admirable eloquence and learning, that he not only confuted his enemies, but among others converted this Dionysius Areopagitus, who was afterwards the first Bishop of Athens (as Euseb. saith, lib. 4. cap. 23.) and went captive with Paul to Rome, and from thence to Paris in France, where he suffered martyrdom under Dionysius the Emperor. Of Corinthia. COrinthus is a famous city in Grecia, situated in Peloponessus a pleasant country of Achaia, joining to the continent of Grecia like an Isthmus or Peninsula, distant from jerusalem 760 miles towards the West, commonly called Corantha, built (as Eusebius saith) by Sisyphus son of Aeolus, at such time as joshuah governed Israel; who was a mighty Pirate. At first it was but a castle, and called after his name Sisiphyus: but after, because of the strength of the place, and pleasant situation, it became a fair town, and called by the name of Corcyra, as Strabo faith; then Ephym, of Ephyra, who was a fair and goodly Nymph, and Queen of that place. Now although even in those times it was held in great estimation, yet it became much wasted and decayed through the continuance of time, until it was repaired by King Corinthus (who as some think was the son of Marathon Suidas saith, the son of Pelops; others would have him the son of Orestis: and after his name was called Corinth, that is, The flower of Maids. It was a fair and goodly city, very commodiously built, for it stood between the two seas of jonium and Aegeum, so that there resorted thither great multitude of Merchants from all places, Close by the city there stood a steep mountain, which was as it were a bulwark for the defence thereof, being 560 feet high, and called Acrocorinthus, that is, the glory and strength of the Corinthians. It was also compassed about with strong walls, and beautified with many goodly buildings and temples, but above the rest, the Temple of Venus was had in great reputation, which (as Strabo saith) stood upon the top of the mountain Acrocorinthus, wherein there were above a thousand Maids prostituted every year. This Temple was had in such great honour, and was so gloriously built, that above all the places of the world there was resort unto it. Close by it stood the ancient castle called Sysyphius, built all of white Marble; and a little below that, the fountain of Pyrene dedicated to the Muses. There were many mighty Princes that ruled in this city, as Alethes who was King thereof at such time as Samuel judged Israel, which was 1103 years before Christ; he bestowed great cost upon it, set up many fair and goodly buildings, and ruled over it thirty and five years, as Eusebius saith. After him there succeeded many Kings, by whose worthiness and prowess it was so much enlarged, and made so famous, that it was little inferior to the city of Rome: for at such time as Ambassadors were sent thence to entreat of some business concerning the state, the Corinthians did not let to give them many reproachful terms, as Strabo saith, lib. 8. because of which insolency the Romans sent Lucius Mummus the Consul, into Graetia, who besieged Corinth, and within a short time took it, and burned it down to the ground, in the year before Christ, 145, of which you may read more in Florus, and in the second Decad of Lyvie. It was a marvelous rich Town, and abounded with gold, silver, and costly brass, also with plate, and curious pictures: so that although Mummius conquered Corinth, yet Corinth conquered Rome; for the citizens thereof were so bewitched with the riches and glory of this town, that they forgot their ancient severity, and with violence followed their vices, as Sallust saith, lib. 1. So that as before Corinth abounded with luxury and diverse other abominable evils, as whoredom, adultery, fornication, covetousness, idolatry, rapine, and murder: so Rome in future ages became as bad or worse than it. Thus it continued waste from that time till julius Caesar was Emperor of Rome, who having traveled into those parts of the world, and seen the ruins of this city, and the profitale situation for traffic, caused it to be rebuilded: after which time it began to grow great & spacious, little inferior to the former in glory, and no less corrupted with vices, having forgot the former misery which it sustained by the hands of the Romans; and so continued from the year before Christ 44, until the year after Christ 41, at which time Paul came thither & preached the Gospel, by whose divine doctrine and godly life and conversation, they were converted from their evil courses, and lived more holily and honestly, as appeareth by the two Epistles of Saint Paul wrote from Philippos to the inhabitants of this town. But after, they falling from their faith and forsaking their ancient integrity, the Lord punished them with a second desolation; for at such time as Amurath Emperor of the Turks grew to eminency, and had conquered Thessalonica, Boaetia, and Attica, he came into this Isthums, and made all Peloponessus' tributary to him. Then after him Mahomet the second (although the inhabitants of Corinth had fortified their city with three walls, and made it so strong that it was thought to be almost invincible) besieged it and won it, An. Dom. 1458. about six years after Constantinople was conquered by the Turks. But now it is in the command of the Venetians, and that, and all the country is called by the name of Morea, as it appeareth in the Turkish History, lib. 10. The fourth peregrination of the Apostle Paul. IN the year after the Nativity of Christ, 53, Paul went from Antiochia in Syria, and came to Galatia, and Laodicia in Phrygia, and thence wrote his Epistle to Timothy, as it appeareth by the subscription of that Epistle, which was 380 miles. From Laodicea he went to Ephesus, which was 280 miles; and there appointed Timothy to be a Bishop, and daily disputed in the school of a certain Tyrant, and did many miracles, as it appeareth, Acts 19 From Ephesus he came to Troada, which was 200 miles, where when he could not find Titus he was troubled in spirit, 2 Cor. 2. From Troada he sailed into Macedonia, and came to Philippos, which was 232 miles: from hence he wrote his Epistles to the Corinthians, and sent them to Corinth, which was 292 miles. In the same year also, Paul passing through Graecia, (in every place where he came, preaching and visiting the churches, Act. 19) at length came to Corinthus, which was 480 miles. In the 57 year after the Nativity of Christ, when Paul had wintered among the Corinthians; in the Spring (that he might avoid the deceits of the jews who went about to take away his life, he went thence and returned to Philippos, which was 292 miles, where he celebrated the feast of Penticost, Acts 2. From thence he sailed to Troada, which was 232 miles, where he raised Eutichus from death to life, Acts 20. From Troada he went to Assa, which was thirty and six miles, Acts 20. From Assa he sailed to Mileten, which was 760 miles, Acts 20. From Mileten he went to Chius, which was 64 miles, Acts 20. From Chius he sailed to Samus, which was 60 miles, and continued in the Isle of Trogylius which was close by Samus, as Pl. saith, lib. 5. cap. 3. and Strabo, cap. 13. From Trogylius he sailed by Ephesus, and came to Miletus, which was 160 miles. From thence he sent Messengers to the Ministers of Ephesus, commanding them to have a special care to the flock of Christ, which he had purchased with his precious blood; and added that he was so much the more importunate in that behalf because they should never see him again: Wherefore they embraced Paul with great lamentations and sorrow, Acts 2. From Myletus he & his companions went with a direct course to the Island of Cous, which was 200 miles, Acts 21. From thence the next day they went to Rhodes, which was 84 miles. From Rhodes they went to Patara, which was 100 miles. From Patara they sailed to Tyrus, leaving Cyprus upon the left hand, which was 360 miles, where he found certain Disciples, and remained there seven days, Acts 21. From Tyrus Paul and his companions sailed to Ptolomais, which was 24 miles. From thence they came to Caesarea Strato, which was 44 miles; there they remained in the house of Philip the Evangelist, who was one of the seven Deacons with Stephen, Acts 21. From thence Paul went to jerusalem, which was 32 miles, and there about the feast of Penticost he was taken by the jews, imprisoned and scourged, Acts 21. At this time Paul was about 47 years of age. So all these Travels were 3396 miles. Of the towns and places to which he traveled. And first of Assus. COncerning Laodicea to which Paul traveled you may read before. I will therefore proceed to Assus, which was a town within the jurisdiction of Troada, situated close by the Aegean sea, 700 miles from jerusalem towards the North-East, as Strabo saith, (Lib. 13.) wonderfully fortified both by nature and art, so that it is a thing almost impossible to be conquered. There is found close by it the stone called Sarchophagus, in which if any man's corpse be buried, within the space of 40 days it is utterly consumed all but the teeth, as Pliny saith, li. 36. cap. 17. In this city Cleantes the Stoic was borne, as Chrysippus saith. Of Mitylene. THe Isle and town of Mitylene is situated in the Aegean sea, 624 miles from jerusalem toward the Northwest. In times past called Lesbus, which obtained the whole jurisdiction & government of Troada. It is in compass 136 miles, and containeth in length from the North to the South 56 miles. In it is found much matter for the making and calking of ships: there was many goodly cities in it, as Mitylene and Pyrrha, which stood upon the West part of it; also the Metropolitan called Lesbos, Eressus, the haven of Antissa, and Mithymna. Of Lesbos in times past this whole Isle was called Lesbus, until the city of Mitylene grew famous; being so called of Mitylene the daughter of Macharus, as Diodorus saith, lib. 4. and after that cities name it was called Mitylene. There were many other goodly cities which stood in this Isle, but they were either consumed by earthquakes or drowned by the sea. The land thereof was very pleasant and fruitful, bringing forth grapes, whereof there was a very excellent and clear wine made, which they of Constantinople principally liked: there is also found great store of Cypress, Pines, and plenty of figs come thence. Their horses are very strong, but of a low stature: it is very mountainy, and pestered with wild beasts. There were many famous men that lived and were borne in this country; as Pittachus one of the seven Wisemen of Graece, Aliaeus the Poet, and Alcimenides his brother, Diophanes the Orator, and Theophanes who wrote the acts of Pompey the Great, (as it appeareth in Tully's Oration for Archia) Theophrastus also that notable Philosopher, (who at first was called Tyrtamanus, then Euphrastus, that it, a good Orator) and last, Theophrastus, that is, a divine Orator: this man was an excellent Perapateticke, and scholar to Aristotle, whom he succeeded in his school, and had two thousand scholars. Vitruvius' the Architect maketh mention of Mitylen in his first book, saying that it was a very magnificent city, and rarely builded, but very badly situated, for when the South wind did blow, the inhabitants grew sick; when the West, they coughed, and when the North wind did blow they were made well. Notwithstanding the Apostle Paul and his companions came to this city, as it appeareth, Acts 20. At this day it is under the jurisdiction of the Turks, and is called by the name of Midilly. Of Chius. THis is an Isle situated in the Aegean sea, distant from jerusalem 600 miles towards the Northwest, being 112 miles in compass; the principal city thereof is called Chios, taking the name, as some say from the Mastic tree, which sweateth out a certain gum, of the Syrians called Chian, and by us Mastic: this Mastic is the best in those parts of the world. Ephorus calleth it by the ancient name Aetalia; but Cleobulus, Chia; either because of the Nymph called Chion, or else because of the whiteness of the soil: there are others that call it Patyusia; and there are some who derive the name of Chius from the temple of Apollo that standeth in it, called Chion. There stands in it a fair and goodly mountain called Pellenaeum, from whence the inhabitants dig very excellent marble. Also in times past the best Malmsey came thence, but in these days it is brought from Crect. Of Samus. THis is an Isle and City situated in the Aegean Sea, upon a high or lofty piece of ground, so that from thence the inhabitants may see into all the Countries near adjoining, lying upon the coast of Ephesus and jonia, 560 miles from jerusalem toward the Northwest; it was in compass 88 miles, very fertile and pleasant, much exceeding Chius, although it brought forth no Wine. In times past it was called Artemisia, Parthenea, and Stephano; taking those names from a crown or wreath of sweet smelling flowers, of which there were great plenty in this Isle: the Poets feign that juno was both borne and brought up in it; and Varro saith, That there was a fair and stately Temple dedicated unto her, where solemn service and the rites of Marriage were yearly celebrated. Pythagoras the Philosopher was borne here; and one of the Sibyls (which prophesied of the coming of Christ) lived here. S. Paul also came to this Isle, and converted many, as appeareth, Acts 20. There is another Isle called Samus, situated upon the coast of Epirus, not far from the gulf of Ambracius, called also Cephalenia, not far from the promontory of Actium, where Augustus overcame Antonius; in honour of which victory he built up a city and called it Nicapolis, etc. Of Trogyllium. THis is a promontory and town not far from Ephesus, scituared in Asia minor, at the foot of the Mountain Mycales, four miles and somewhat more from Samus, where Paul stayed, Act. 20. It is distant from jerusalem 460 miles toward the Northwest. There are which say, that S. Paul stayed at a certain Isle joining close to this promontory, called after that, by the name of Trogylium, See Strabo, lib. 14. Of Myletus. THis was a famous city, situated upon the borders of jonia and Caesaria, close by the shore of the Aegean sea, 104 miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest. The Poets feign, that Miletus, who was the first builder of this city, was the son of Apollo, and called it after his own name Myletus: but Strabo, lib. 12. thinketh that it was rather built by Sarpedon the son of jupiter, and brother to Radamanthus and Minos, and by him was called Myletus, from another City of the same name, which stood in Crete. The wool that cometh from this town is wonderful soft, and singular good for many purposes; but it was principally used to make cloth of, which they died into an excellent purple and transported into many places. There were many famous men that either lived or were borne in this town; as Thales Milesius one of the seven Wisemen of Graece, Anaximander, who was his scholar, Anaximenes and Hecataeus the Historian; also Eschenes the Orator, (not he that contended with Demosthenes who taking too much liberty against Pompey was banished) Timotheus the musician, and Pittacus the Philosopher, besides many others. But of all these, Thales Milesius was held in greatest estimation, because he was thought to be the first that taught natural Philosophy and the Mathematics amongst the Grecians. He was the first also that foretold of the Eclipse of the Sun, about such time as the battle was fought between Cyaxares father of Astyages King of the Medes, and Hallyat●es father of Croesus K. of the Lydians, which was about the 44 Olimpiad. There came unto him a certain man, who asked him what was the hardest thing in the world; he answered▪ seipsum nosce, to know himself. Another came to him, and asked him how he might do to live justly; he answered, Si quae in alijs reprehendimus, ipse non faciamus, That we do not those things which we reprehend in others. He died about the 58 Olympiad. Meletus at this day is called Melasa. Of Cous. THis is one of the Cyclad Islands, lying in the Aegean sea, bordering upon Caria; being so called from the Vaults and caves that are in it, and distant from jerusalem 524 miles. It hath a city called after the same name, wherein there was a stately Temple built in honour of juno; & another standing in the suburbs thereof dedicated to Aesculapius: this was a very sumptuous temple, and made very rich, because of the many presents and gifts that were sent and dedicated to it. When the Romans had obtained the command of this Isle, Octavius the father of Augustus Caesar, took out of this temple a naked Venus, which was a goodly image, and carried it with him to Rome in honour of his progenitors, who derived their progeny from her. It is in compass 56 miles, being so pleasantly situated that it was a sea mark to Mariners, very fruitful, and bringing forth abundance of wine & silk, by reason of a certain fish that is found there, from which they got great plenty. See Plin. lib. 11. cap. 22. There were many that lived only by weaving of silk, and above the rest there was one Pamphila the daughter of Plates, that was most excellent in that Art. There were many famous men that were either born or lived in that country, as Hipocrates that excellent Physician, Apelles that notable painter, Simus the Physician, Philetas the poet and orator, Nicia the prince and tyrant of Cous, Ariston the Peripatetic, and Theomnestus that notable politician. At this day this Isle is within the Turkish Empire, and by them called Stacu: also the principal city thereof is called by the same name, and wholly inhabited by the Turks, two towns only being inhabited by the Grecians: but there are many that dwell in strong castles compassed with round and stately towers. This country is very fertile, abounding with cattles, and the mountains thereof are little inferior to those of Crect. Of Rhodes. THe city and Isle of Rhodes (which is so called from the sweet smell or roses) is situated in the Mediterranean sea, a little from Asia the less, upon the South; being distant from jerusalem 140 miles toward the Northwest, as Strab. saith, l. 14. It is in compass 112 miles. It was at first called Ophy, than Statilia, & after Telchin, of the inhabitants thereof, who were called Telchines, a people which, as some say, were witches; others say, curious Artificers, and were the first that found out the making of brass and iron. At last it took the name of Rhodes from the principal city that stood in it: for there were three cities in it, viz. Lyndus, Camirus, and jalyssus. In Lyndus, Cleobulus one of the seven Wisemen of Graece, and Chares that famous Statuary, who made the Colossus which stood in this Isle, were borne. jalyssus of a Rose that was found in it, was called Rhodes, being situated upon an exceeding high promontory, lying toward the East part of that Isle. This exceeded the other two cities both for ports, ways, walls, and other ornaments, and the inhabitants were governed with such excellent laws, and so skilful in navigation, that it might compare with the strongest city of the world, and for a long time had the command of the sea round about, and utterly abolished all Pirates and robbers from those parts. Diodorus Sicul. li. 6. saith, that it was called Rhodes of Rhodia a fair and beautiful maid, who was dear beloved of Apollo, and therefore this Island was dedicated to the Sun; for as Solinus saith, though the heavens be never so cloudy yet the Sun shineth in Rhodes. Pindarus the Poet (because of the fertility of the soil, and the exceeding opulency of the inhabitants) saith, that it reigned gold in that country. In former times it flourished with learning and good arts, insomuch that the Romans for the most part sent their children to be brought up at Rhodes. This Isle is very fruitful, and bringeth forth many things necessary for the maintenance of life, but above all, a certain red wine which the Romans did greatly delight in, and valued at a high price. In this city lived that notable Painter called Protogines, which Apelles conquered in that science, as Pliny saith, lib. 35. ca 10. Demetrius' King of Asia erected a notable Colossus or Statue of the Sun in this Isle, which that notable carver Chares made, being outwardly all of pure brass, but within nothing but stones; it was seventy cubits high, and so artificially made, that it was accounted for one of the wonders of the world. Afterward it was carried into Egypt by the Egyptians who won the town. This Isle is famous to this day: in times past it was accounted one of the keys of Christendom, but at this day subject unto the Turk: of which you may read more in the Turkish History. Of Patara. PAtara was a City of Licia, so called of Patarus the builder thereof; who was the son of Apollones, or Lacones, as Strabo and Servius saith: it was situated upon the South side of Asia the less, close by the shore of the Mediterranean sea, 408 miles from jerusalem towards the Northwest. Ptolomaeus Philadelphius K. of Egypt enlarged this city, and called it after his sister's name, Arsinoës' Lysiaca, to put a difference between it and other Cities called after that name; for there was an Arsinoe in Egypt, and another near Cyrene, where Apollo in certain Months of the winter season (by the help of the Devil) gave answer to them that sought after him. S. Paul was in this town, Acts 11. There was also another town of this name in Achaia, where S. Andrew was crucified. The Travels of S. Paul when he was taken captive and carried Prisoner to Rome. IN the 57 year after the nativity of Christ, Paul being then 47 years of age, by the command of Claudius Lysius was taken and scourged by the jews, and brought thence to Antipatris by night (because there were forty jews which had sworn his death) which was 12 miles, Acts 22, 23, 24. From Antipatris he was brought to Caesarea Strato, which was 28 miles, where he was brought before Foelix (who was Precedent for the Romans in those parts) and was captive there for the space of two days, Acts 24, 25, 26. In the 59 year after the nativity of Christ, Paul being then 49 years of age or thereabouts, was sent by Portius Festus Precedent of the jews, to Rome: so Paul sailed from Caesarea Strato, to Sidon, which was 84 miles, Acts 27. From thence Paul sailed close by Cyprus, because the wind was contrary, and came to the sea over against Cilicia (which was very troublesome) and so passing by Pamphilia they came to Myra, which was 480 miles. Losing from Myra they sailed to Gnidum, which was 248 miles, Acts 27. From Gnidum they sailed towards the South, and came to Crete, and so passed by the towns of Salmo, Lasaea, and Assus, and so came to Phoenicia, which was 180 miles. From Phoenicia they came to the Island of Claudia, which was 108 miles. From the Island of Claudia they came to Melite, which now is called Malta; in which place they suffered shipwreck, and Paul shaken off the Viper off his hand into the fire, and did many other miracles, which was 720 miles. From Malta they sailed in a ship of Alexandria, to Syracusus, in Sicilia, which was 180 miles: Paul at this time was 50 years of age, Acts 28. From Syracuse they sailed to Regium, which was 52 miles. From thence they went to Puteola, which was 164 miles. From Puteola they went to Apiforum, which was 12 miles: there certain Christians of Rome came to meet them, above 22 miles, and received Paul with great friendship. From Apiforum they led him to Tribatera, which is six miles, and there he met more Christians. From Tribatera he went to Rome, being 16 miles, where he remained two year's prisoner, and there wrote his Epistles to the Galathians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon, and the Hebrews: so all these Travels were 2300 miles. And in the whole, from his first beginning, until his being prisoner in Rome were, 10270 miles. But being delivertd out of prison, the last ten years of his age he did not only preach the Gospel in Asia and Creta, where he appointed his disciple Timothy to be a Bishop, and in Macedonia, (where being in Neapolis he wrote an Epistle to Titus, and sent it to him above 300 miles to the Isle of Creta) but also he preached the Gospel, and spread the word of God abroad in the country of Spain, Rom. 15. which is distant from jerusalem 2800 miles: and being the second time imprisoned in Rome, he wrote his second Epist. to Timothy, & sent it above 996 miles to Ephesus: not long after, he was beheaded in Rome, in the place called Via Ostensi. Of the towns and places to which he traveled. Of Antipatris. THe town of Antipatris is distant from jerusalem twelve miles towards the Northwest. In times past it was called Caphar Zalama, that is, a Village of peace. There judas Macchabeus overcame Nicanor, 1 Mac. 7. Afterward Herod that lived in the time of our Saviour Christ, built this town much fairer, and called it after the name of his father, Antipatris. It stood in a very pleasant and fruitful soil, having many fair trees and fresh waters about it, Ios. lib. 16. ca 7. S. Paul was by night brought prisoner into this town, Acts 23. Of Myra. THis was a great town, as Strabo, li. 14. saith, and stood in Asia minor, in the province of Licia, upon the coast of the Mediterranean sea, 380 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. S. Paul was in this town. Of Gnidus. THis town lieth in Asia minor, upon the Mediterranean sea, in the Pennisida called Doris, which by a narrow point joineth unto the Province of Caria, and is distant from jerusalem 492 miles. In this town the goddess Venus had a great temple, wherein her image was placed, made by that cunning workman Praxiteles, of Marble stone; and for that cause Horace calleth Venus' Queen of Gnido, Lib. 1. carm. Od. 30. O Venus Regina Gnijdi Paphique, that is, O Venus Queen of Gnidus and Paphos, etc. There came many learned men out of this town, as Eudoxus, Agatarchides, Paripateticus, Theopompus, and others. This town is yet standing, and (as it is thought) it took the name of the fish Gnidus, which is taken there in the sea; which fish is of so strange a nature, that if you take it in your hand it stingeth like a nettle. At this day this town hath another name, and is called Cabo Chrio, as Conradus Gesnerus in his Onomastico writeth. Of Creta. THe Island of Creta took the name (as Strabo saith) from the people called Curetes that dwelled in this Island: those people used to cut all the hair off from the foreparts of their heads, and therefore they would not endure to suffer any man to wear his hair being in the wars; for which cause in the Grecian tongue they were called Couretes, and in time this name by corruption of speech was changed, and they called Cretans. This Island standeth in the Mediterranean sea, between Graecia and Africa, 600 miles from jerusalem toward the West. It is a great Island, being 200 miles long, 48 miles broad, and in compass 588 miles: it is very fruitful of Cypress trees, Malmsey, Sugar, and other spices: the Malmsey taketh the name from the town of Maluesia, in Peloponessus, standing upon the point of Malta, right over against Creta or Candia; and at this day the like wine is made in Creta, and called by the same name, from whence it is commonly brought unto us, though in times past it came out of this Island of Chius. Among all the hills that are found in the Island of Creta, the hill Ida is most spoken of, because of the height: about it standeth diverse towns and villages: it hath many hills and woods; for the Island is very full of sweet Cypress trees, insomuch that there are woods full of them. Pliny writes, that upon a time there was such an Earthquake in this Island, that one of the hills removed, out of which there came a man being forty cubits high. In this Island there are no venomous beasts, but in times past it was inhabited by cruel people, of whom S. Paul complaineth in his first Epistle to Titus, cap. 1. where he rehearseth the saying of Epimenides, which was after this manner, The people of Creta are always liars, evil beasts, and slow-bellies. And to conclude, they resemble some of the Friars among the Papists; for as they are idle people and shave their heads, so were the men of Creta. Titus (Paul's disciple) was a Bishop in this Island, and S. Paul wrote an Epistle to them, and to Nicapolis, and sent it them above 320 miles. This Island in times past was very rich & populous, for in it there was 100 towns; the chief of which were Gnossos, Cortyna, and Zydon, but Gnossos was the most principal and ancientest, wherein King Minos kept his court: in it the notable Geographer Strabo was borne. This town of Gnossos in times past was called Ceratur, of the river Cerata which passeth by it; but now it and all the Island is called Candia. The Venetians every three years appointed a new Duke to govern it. In this Island stood the towns of Salmona and Lassica, (by Pliny called Lasas) and in the middle between those two towns was the haven of Gutfurt, whereof Saint Luke maketh mention in the Acts of the Apostles, cap. 27. saying, That Paul counselled the Sailors that were in the ship to anchor there, and stay the Winter season in that Island: but the Captain of the ship gave more credit to the Master of the ship, than to Paul's words, whereby in the end they were in danger of their lives. The towns of Salmona and Lassica, with the haven of Gutfurt, lay Southward in this Island, upon the coast of the Mediterranean sea: somewhat distant from them stood the town of Asson, by Pliny called Asum, where they hoist out their boat and sailed Northward; and because they had a fair south-wind, they thought to sail to Phoenicia, a haven in Creta, but the wind coming about to the East, drove them back again into the sea, by which means they were in danger of their lives. This Island was brought under the subjection of the Romans 66 years before the birth of Christ, and so for a long time continued, until the Saracens entered therein, and took it from the Romans, 800 years after the birth of Christ. After that, in the year of our Lord 979, the Emperor of Constantinople drove the Saracens out of the Island, and kept it; but in the end the Venetians brought it under their subjection and signiory, in the year of our Lord 1202, and at this day it is called Candia. Of Clauda. CLauda is an Isle not fare from Crect, lying towards the South-west in the Mediterranean sea, 288 miles from jerusalem towards the West: at this day it is called Porto Gabaso; hear the Sailors, the Apostle Paul and the rest of the company, haled overboard their Cockboat and tied it to their ship, and fell to ●awing lest they should have been sunk into Syrtis, a dangerous gulf upon those seas. Acts 27. Of Syrtis. THis is a gulf of the sea lying upon the shore of Africa, in which the water is both troublesome and the shore dangerous, because of Quicksands; and in this there are two places most remarkable, called by the name of Syrtis, from drawing and attracting ships unto them, by which they were greatly endangered: the one was called the greater, the other the less; the greater lay 1000 miles from jerusalem towards the West, but the other lay under the Isle of Mylete towards the South, being distant from jerusalem 1320 miles towards the West: in this place it was where Paul and his companians were in such danger, mentioned, Acts 17. Of Mylete. THis Island was so called from the great abundance of honey that was found in it; but at this day it is called Malta, situated in the Mediterranean sea, 1340 miles from jerusalem towards the West. It is very pleasant and fruitful; bringing forth great plenty of Wheat, Rye, Flax, Coming, Cotton, Figs, Wine, Roses, Violets, Time, Lavender, and many other sweet and delightful herbs from whence Bees did gather great plenty of honey. The Sun is very hot in this Island, insomuch that by the extreme fervour thereof, the inhabitants lose their natural complexion, and look of a tawny colour. In Summer evenings there falleth great plenty of dews, whereby the earth is refreshed, and the herbs increased. There is neither snow nor frost seen in it, for the Northern winds (which with us are the authors of cold and frosts) with them procure rain, which greatly refresheth and increaseth the fruits of the earth; so that the pastures and meadows become very pleasant and full of grass: and although it be but 28 miles long, and 60 miles about, notwithstanding it is very populous; for in the eight parishes that stand in this Isle, there is numbered above twenty thousand men. The inhabitants are very honest, religious and godly; and the women fair, chaste, and modest, for they never come abroad but with their faces covered. The children that are borne in this country fear not any snakes, neither are hurt be any thing that is venomous, insomuch that they will take Scorpions and eat them without danger, although in all other parts of the world those kind of creatures are most pernicious. In this Isle also there are bred a kind of Dogs that are but small, yet very white and shagged, and so loving that the inhabitants of all the neighbouring countries will buy them, though they be at dear rates. The chief city thereof (called Malta) is so strongly fortified both by art and nature, that it is almost impossible to be conquered, unless it be either by treason or famine. The tower or Castle thereof is fortified with the knights of S. john's Order, who have mightily expressed their valour and resolution in defending this town from the Turks. About a mile from this, the ruins of a goodly fair city are to be seen. And upon the East promontory, a little from the city of Malta, there yet remain the decays (which are worthy to look upon) of a goodly temple dedicated to juno. It seems by what remaineth, that this church hath been a fair and goodly thing in times past. There is also here and there in the earth found certain brass moneys, having upon the one side a superscription written in Greek letters, and upon the other the image of juno. There stood upon the South side of Malta a Temple dedicated to Hercules, the ruins of which are yet extant; and in it are found monuments worthy of admiration. At such time as the Captain of Massanissa King of the Numidians had conquered this Island, amongst other precious things that he found in these Temples, he took thence a great deal of goodly Ivory: but that religious King did faithfully restore all those things back again, and dedicated them to the several Temples. Thus we may perceive that the inhabitants of this Isle of Malta were wholly given to idolatry and superstition, until such time as Paul by the inconstancy and vehemency of the wind was driven upon it, and converted them from that perverse and profane worship to the Christian Religion, at such time as he suffered shipwreck, and Wintered amongst them, Acts 27. The inhabitants show upon the North part of this Isle, the place where the ship was cast away wherein the Apostle Paul was; in which place they have built up a Chapel, and dedicated it to Saint Paul. They show also a Cave, in which they say he lived; and they verily believe that he expelled all venom and poison out of that Island at such time as he was there. It was first subject unto the Africans, as may appear by certain Marble Pillars which are here and there found, in which there are engraven certain Characters of the Carthaginians, not much unlike to Hebrew letters. And although the Inhabitants are Christians, yet their speech is much like the Saracens, which differeth little or nothing from the ancient Punic. At such time as Dido built Carthage (which is thought to be 890 years before Christ) Battus was King of this Isle, and held a confederacy with Dido: for when Hyarbas King of the Gelutians made war upon Dido, because he could not obtain her in matrimony, she received aid from this Battus; and when for the love of Aeneas she had killed herself, Hyarbas having conquered Carthage, banished her sister Anne, who was entertained by this Battus. But Hyarbas taking that unkindly, made war upon Battus, and conquered the Island of Malta: so it continued in the jurisdiction of the Carthaginians a long time after, until the Carthaginians were conquered by the Romans; and then one Titus Sempronius (about such time as Hannibal brought his army before Trebia) won it, 217 years before Christ. And after it continued under the jurisdiction of the Romans 130 years, and then it was conquered by the Saracens; but they held it not long, for Roger Norman King of Sicilia got it out of their power, An. D. 1090. And so it continued in the hands of the Sicilians till An. Dom. 1520. And then Charles the fift being Emperor, gave it to the Knights of saint john, upon condition that they should oppose the Turks galleys, and defend that part of Christendom. So the Knights of S. john together with their governor sailed to Malta, & so fortified it, that it is impossible to be taken unless by famine or treason. There were many famous Bishops that lived in this place, and very devout Christians. In the time of the Emperor Theodosius there was a Council held, at which were present 240 Bishops. At this day this Bishopric is subject to the Archbishop of Palermo; and the chief government of the Isle is in the power of the Knights of S. john, etc. Of Syracuse. THis was a City of the Isle of Sicilia, built by one Archia of Corinth, standing close by the sea shore on the North side of the Isle, 2756 miles from jerusalem towards the West. It was a fair and goodly city, in ancient time called Tetrapolis, because it was divided into three parts: one of which parts stood in the Isle of Ortygia, separated from the continent with a little strait sea, and with that famous fountain Arthusia. The other part was called Acradine, and the third Tycha; to which in aftertimes there was built up a fourth, and called by the name of Neapolis. All this city was compassed in with three walls, so strong and so admirably fortified both by Nature and Art, that it opposed the Carthaginians in equal war. It was called Syracuse, from drawing or sucking; and in process of time obtained the whole jurisdiction and government of that Isle; which was so well peopled in the time of Dionysius the Tyrant, that he was able to make and maintain an Army of one hundred thousand foot, and twelve thousand Horse. There were two havens in that part which was called Ortygia, so marvellously fortified with such huge Rocks and other munition, that they were wonderful to look upon. There also stood a Castle or Tower called by the name of Mercia, which was so strong, that when all the rest of the Town was conquered, yet that maintained War for a long time. In this Hold the Kings and Tyrants of this Country usually kept their Treasures and other things that were material. There were many worthy and famous Princes ruled in it; but above them all, Dionysius the elder exceeded the rest. Who when he saw what abundance of Vessels of gold and silver Dionysius the younger had heaped together, cried out and said, In te Regius affectus non est, qui ex tanta poculorum vi amicum neminem conciliasti: That is, Verily the mind of a King is not in thee, that out of so many Cups couldst not procure one Friend. For after he was banished, and constrained to keep a School. Both these Dionysians were learned men and great Philosophers. It is thought that this Island was sometime a part of Italy, and joining to the field of Brutius; but in time through the violence of the sea separat from the continent. From whence it was called Sicilita, and also Trinacris, because there were three mountains standing upon three promontories in three several places of it, giving the proportion of a triangle; for there was an angle toward the South, called Pactinus, another towards the South-west called Lilybaeus, and another called Pelorus, which lay distant near about two miles from Italy. In times past it was under the command of the Romans; but now the Spaniards have chief government of it. There are many things remaining to this day worthy observation, but chief the mountain Aetna, which still casteth out fire & smoke, etc. Of Rhegium. THis was a town of Italy belonging to the family of the Brutians; at first built by the Calcedonians and Messenians, upon the utmost bounds of Italy toward the Sicilian sea, being distant from that Isle 60 furlongs, and called by the name of Rhegium, as some think, from Rumpo, to break; for that near about the place where that town stood, the sea being very tempestuous, broke the Isle of Sicilia from the continent. Others think it was called Rhegium, because it was so strong and beautiful a City that it might well have been the seat of a Prince. Close by this city in the Sicilian sea there stands a rock somewhat above the water, representing in figure the proportion of a man, and round about it are to be seen other little rocks like barking dogs. In this place the water is so extreme violent, and runs with so strong a current, that it is very dangerous for mariners (especially such as are ignorant) to sail that way. Wherefore the Poets made this verse, to signify a man that stood in a dangerous and doubtful estate: Decidit in Scyllam cupiens vitare Charibdim. Seeking to shun Charibdis' curled waves, He thrusts himself into stern Scylla's jaws. But that mariners might avoid these dangerous places, upon the North angle of Sicilia in the promontory of Petorus there is erected a lofty tower, standing as a sea mark, that so they by that direction might escape these dangerous places. Not far from Scillari is to be seen another town, of that rock called Scyllacus, but of the inhabitants it is commonly called Scyglius or Scyglio; and Rhegium also at this day is called Rezo and Reggio; of Antimnestus captain of Chalcedon: and as Strab. li. 6. saith, is situated in Calabria, 1332 miles from jerusalem Westward. Of Puteoli. THis city is in Campania, a country of Italy not fare from Naples, situated on the sea shore, 1388 miles from jerusalem Westward; taking that name from fountains or Wells of hot water, being built by the Salamians, as Eusebius saith, about such time as the Tarquins were banished Rome, 507 years before the nativity of Christ. It was anciently called Dicaearchia, because of their singular justice & noble government. But when the Romans made war against Hannibal, they fortified this town to withstand his forces, and then called it Puteoli, which name it retained a long time after. At this day it is called Puzzoli. At this city the Apostle Paul & his companions arrived when they sailed into Rome, Acts 27. Between Puteoli and Baia there lieth the lake of Lucrinus, into which by the command of Augustus Caesar, a Dolphin was thrown. Now there was a young Youth called Simon, the son of a poor man dwelling in Baia, who usually played among other youths upon the banks of this lake; and seeing the Dolphin (it being a strange fish in those parts, and very amiable to look upon) did take great delight in it, and oft times fed it with bread and other things as he could get: insomuch as the Dolphin when it heard the boy's voice upon the banks of the river, would resort to him & receive at his hand his accustomed food. Thus it continued so long, that the Dolphin would suffer the boy to handle him, take him by the gils, play with him, yea and sometimes to get upon his back, then swim with him a great way into the lake, and bring him back again, and suffer him to go safe upon the shore. After this manner he continued for many years together, and in the end the youth died. Yet the Dolphin resorted to his usual place, expecting his accustomed food from the hands of this boy; but missing him, he left the shore, languished away and died. Concerning the nature of this fish you may read more at large in Pliny, lib. 9 cap. 8. Of Colossa. THis City is situated in Phrygia a country in Asia minor, near the rivers of Lycus and Meander, 520 miles from jerusalem Northwestward, not fare from Laodicea; so called from the mighty statues and Colosso's that were set up in it. These cities, Colossa, Laodicea, and Hierapolis (where the Apostle Philip was put to death in the tenth year of Nero) a little before Paul's martyrdom were sunk by an earthquake, which without doubt was a great judgement of God upon them, because they refused the grace and comfort of the doctrine of the Gospel offered unto them by the Apostles. The Epistle of Paul dedicated to the Colossians was sent by the hand of Onesymus from Rome unto these towns, being 1080 miles. For although the Rhodians were called Colossians, because of that famous Colossus that stood there: yet this city wherein Archippus and Philemon dwelled (to whom Paul directed that Epistle) stood in Phrygia a country of Asia minor, and not in Rhodes. Of Nicopolis. NIcopolis is a city of Macedonia, situated close by the river Nessus, not far from Philippus upon the borders of Thrace, 920 miles from jerusalem Northwestward. From hence the Apostle Paul wrote his Epistle to Titus, and sent it to Crect, 600 miles. There are many other cities of this name: one standing in Epire, built by Augustus; another between Cilicia and Syria, built by Alexander in glory of his victory against Darius. A fourth in Bythinia, a fift in the holy land, formerly called Emaus. Of Rome. THis city, if we rightly consider the derivation of the name in Hebrew, was not built without the singular providence of God; being derived of Rom, i. He hath exalted or made high. But the Grecians derive it from Romen, i strength & power. Now although the providence of God extendeth to every Creature, may to the very hairs of a man's head; yet where he determines to express his singular power, there he worketh beyond the expectation of man. And who knows not that the beginning of this City was mean, raised from a confused company, destitute both of civility, community, and laws; yet hath it been, and for the most part is the glory of the world, and the great commander of the Princes of the earth. It was so called at first by Romulus (as Livy, lib. 1. saith) who first built it, seven hundred fifty and one years before the Nativity of Christ; being situated upon seven hills, that is, Capitolinus, Aventinus; Palatinus, Caelius, Exquilinus, Viminalis, and Quirinalis. But after, when the City was compassed about with walls, the hill janiculus was enclosed within it. The Valleys that lay between these hills were so raised up with arches, vaults, and artificial mounts, that in process of time they became level with the top of some of those hills. It was beautified with fair and sumptuous buildings; so that as it was the head of the world for command and power, in like like manner it exceeded all the rest of the world for glory and riches, but principally for stately buildings. There were many goodly Temples, dedicated to jupiter, Apollo, Aesculapius, Hercules, Diana, juno, Minerva, Lucia, Concordia, Fides, Pietas, Pax, Victoria, Isis, besides many other dedicated to other gods. But above all, that was the most sumptuous that was called Pantheon deorum; at this day called the Church of All hallows. Moreover, here was to be seen the princely Edifices of Kings, Emperors, Consuls, Senators, Patricians, and other Romans who were mighty in wealth and substance, built all of polished Marble, beautified with gold and silver; beside palaces, bulwarks; theaters, triumphant arches, statues, and such like, all which were glorious, and greatly adorned the city. But above all these, the house of Nero was most worthy of observation, which to see to was built all of burnished gold very curiously wrought. Here also stood the monuments of the two Caesars, julius and Augustus; also their statues, the one made of pure brass, the other of white marble. Besides, there were many fruitful orchards, watercourses, & wholesome baths, brought thither by Antonius, Nero, Dioclesian, and Constantine the Great. Also the Emperor Constantine erected many goodly churches for the use of the Christians, & endowed them with great means; and amongst the rest that which was dedicated to Saint john of Latteran, a fair and goodly Church, and for riches and curious workmanship might compare with the stateliest Temples that ever had been in the world, most of the ornaments and images being made of Gold and Silver: he also erected the Vattican, which was dedicated to Saint Peter; and another holy house dedicated to Saint Paul; in either of which he placed their several sepulchers and monuments, bestowing extraordinary cost to beautify them. So many were the gifts and gratuites of this Emperor, that they can scarce be numbered: so that although the Emperor Trajan, and Boniface the fourth, Pope of Rome, bestowed great cost to beautify and adorn the city; yet were they nothing comparable to that which this Emperor did. These things then being presented to your view, you might justly say, that Rome in her prosperity and eminency was the glory of the world: but as all estates are fickle and uncertain, still subject to variety and change, so was this: first envied of the world, because of the extreme oppression of her governors; and after made desolate by violence and force, all her former glory being eclipsed, and the greatest part of these goodly buildings laid level with the ground. Thus have I shown you what Rome was when it was in her prosperity: It resteth now to show what Rome is. Rome at this day differeth as much from the ancient Rome, as the substance from the shadow. For although the Pope hath beautified and adorned the West part of it with many fair and goodly buildings, and called it by the name of new Rome. Yet is it nothing comparable to the ancient city, as it was when Augustus and Constantine the Great were Emperors thereof, neither doth it stand in the ancient place: for the first City stood upon the East side of Tiber, this upon the West. The chief part of the other stood upon the mountains Capitolinus and Palatinus, upon which were the stately buildings of Senators, Kings, and Emperors, but now they lie desolate and waste. The Capitol also, and the Temple of jupiter Feretrius (goodly Buildings) beaten to the ground; only some ruins, to show that such things there hath been. And what now resteth, that are worthy note, are in the command and power of the Pope: which are not many; the most that can be named, are the Vattican, the tower of S. Angelo, the Pope's Palace, his banqueting house, and the gardens and walks about it; which are so well situated, that they are a grace to all Rome, the rest are but ordinary and common buildings. Thus may you see that there is nothing in this world but hath a period, to which if with much labour it attaineth, than it commonly declineth, seldom continueth: for who knows not with what labour, what perils by sea, what dangers by land, through how many foreign wars and Domestic seditions, Rome was raised to her greatness? And how suddenly was all this lost? What the virtue and wisdom of grave and resolute Consuls, Captains, and Commanders had with great hazard heaped up; thrusting their Capitol and other Treasuries full, with the triumphant spoils of foreign nations, was left to be consumed either by seditious soldiers or prodigal Emperors, and the State left as a prey to those that were mightiest: so that they were accounted most honourable, that with most injury could get to themselves either countenance to oversway authority, or opulency, to purchase eminency; insomuch that there hath been no action so evil, nor any attempt so pernicious in former times, but may be matched in the declining of the Roman state. Where more murders? where more corruption? where more oppression than is mentioned in Histories to be practised amongst the Romans? the lives of men, the state of Provinces, and the crowns of Kings sold for money. But now her time is finished, and her ruins are left for succeeding ages to admire; that so in beholding, they might learn to know the difference between virtue and vice; and from thence conclude, That there is nothing permanent; and that those things wherein men most glory, do oftentimes soon decay. For if this city which commanded the nations & Princes of the earth (whose Colonies, Armies, Legions, confederacies, and treasures, were so mighty, and extended so fare, that there was almost no country unconquered, or nation that did not fear to hear the inhabitants thereof named) is made desolate and laid level with the ground: what then may be said of petty Cities, Towns, Lordships, Manors, and Houses? shall not they likewise be subject to the like calamities, & wasted and destroyed through the continuance of time? Verily yea: Wherefore let not the king glory in his power, nor the strong man in his strength, nor the rich man in his riches: but let him that glorieth glory in the Lord. FINIS. A Table of the Persons, Towns, and places mentioned in the foregoing Treatise. A ADam, 72.78. Abarim, 127, Abel of the Vines, 129. Abner & his travels, 194. Abraham and his travels, 79 Absalon and his travels, 197. Anchor, 134. Aethyopia, 205, & 320. Aialon, 134. Alexandria, 324. Amanus, 361. Antiochus Epiphanes and his travels, 325. Antiochus Eupator, 357. Apamca, 320. Aphec, 166. Arabia, 522. Aroer, 154. Asdod, 136. Azeca, 134. Asteroth, 92 128. Athens, 542. Antipatris, 556. Ahab and his travels, 218, Aeziongaber, 125. Arbona, ib. Almon Diblathaim, 127. Athniel, 143. Arad, 144. Abdon, 155. Ascalon, 158. Of the Ark of God, 165. Abiathar, 180. Abishag, 200. Ahazia, 224 Abijn, ibid. Aza, ibid. Ahazia, 240. Athalia, 241. Amasia, 242. Amos, 287. Ammon king of juda, 250. Assarbaddon, 260. Abelmehola, 274. An instruction to understand the Prophets, 297 An Alphabetical table of all the cities & countries mentioned in the Prophets; fram 298, to 309. Ange, 319. Antiochia, 330. 523. Asseremoth, 343. Adarsa, 344. Addus, 352. Addor, ibid. Arabath, 355. Alexander son of Epiphanes, 359 Alcimus and his travels, 373. Arbela, ibid. Adummim, 448. Aenon, 429. Antiochia Pisidia, 527. Attalia, 528. Amphipolis, 540. Apolonia, ibid. B BAbylon, from 253, to 258. Babylon in Egypt 583. Baaena and his travels, 197. Baesa and his travels 215. Bazra 289. Benhadad & his travels, 228, 232 Berea 374, 542. Bethabara 429. Bethania 480. Bethoron, or Bethcoron 202. Bethel 100 Bethlem 104, 420. Bethpage 481. Bethsaliza 173. Bethsan 176, 350. Bethseme, ibid. Bethsura 234. Bethulia 321. Beerzaba 86 Baalzephon 117. Benei jaaechon 125. Baalam, and his travels 129. Beseech 142. Bezra 152. Bahurim 192. Baalhazor 198. Baaelath 203. Ben Merodach 263. Balthazar Emperor of the Assyrians 268. Bildad 317. B●schamah 352. Bethsaida 454. Bethbesah 350. Bythinia 535. C CAdes Barnea 124. Caesarea Philippi 444. Caren 78. Caleb and his travels 141. Caphar Salama 344. Catchemis 266. Carmel 174. Cedron, or Kydron, a little Hill that runs through jerusalem, 487. Chasor, or Hazor 138. Crect, and the situation thereof 363, 537. Chehelah 112. Chasmona 124. Chesbon 128. Chinereth 152. Cilicia 319, 530. Caspina 310. Caspin 345. Chazor a field 351. Canah in Galilee 423, 436. Capernaum 437. Chorazin 435. Of Canah Syro Phoenicia, 466. Of Mount Caluarie 487. Caesarea Strato 502. The Isle of Cyprus, and how it is situated. 525. The Isle of Chius, and how situated, 550. The famous city of Corinthia, 544. Cous, how situated, and why so called, 552 Of the Isle of Clauda, and how situated, 559 Of Colossa in Phrigia, 566. D DOthan, so called from commanding, 111. Doch, a castle, 356 Dora a haven town, 366. Dibon Gad, 127 Deborah and Barak, 145. 147 Debir, 135. Danites, and their travels, 160 Demetrius Soter, and his travels 358 Demetrius Nicanor, and his travels, 361. Decapolis, and why so called 467 Derbe, 528 David, and his travels, 180. The typical signification of David, 192. Daniel and his travels, 282. The typical signification of Daniel, 286 Damascus a famous city in Syria, 521. Dibon Gad, 127. E ELeazer (Abraham's servant) & his travels, 93 Esau and his travels, 106. The typical signification of Esau ib. Elim, 118. Eglon, 135 Ehud, 143 Of mount Ephraim, 144. Elon and Ebzan, 155. Estaol 157 ●limelrc●, 164 acron, 166 Engedi, 175. Endor, 176 Ella, 216. Elah, 244. Ezekias, 247. Evil Merodach, Emperor of Babylon, 267. Eliah the Prophet, and his travels, 271. The typical signification of Eliah, 274. Elisaeus, or Elisha, 274 His typical signification, 276. Ezekiel, 281. Elam, 285. Egbatan a famous city, 286, 318. Euxine sea, 290. Eleutherius, 351. Esdras the lawyer 310. Of the book of Ester, 312. The types and figures collected out of Ester, 312. Eliphaz the Temanite, 316, 317. Esdrelon, 320 Eporaim, 480 Emmaus, 490 Eyhesus, 506 Queen Candaces Eunuch, and his travels, 515. G GIhona hill, 32. The valley of Hinnon, idem. Gera●, 86. The country of Gilead, 102. The land of Gosen, 105 Goren Atad, 112. The Graves of concupiscence 121 Gedion judge of Israel, 147 The typical signification of Gedion, 150. Gilgal, 133. Gibion, 134. Gaza, 136. Of mount Gerizim, 151 Gath, 166 Of mount Gilboa, where Saul killed himself, 176. Gazer, 192 Gesur, 196. Gurbaal 245. Gath Hepher, 289. Gesem, 320. Genezereth, 351. Tadara, 448. The lake of Genezereth, ib. Of Gethsamene, and the gardens thereabouts, 485. Of the country of Galatia, and how the inhabitants came to be called Galatians, 531 Gnidus, 557. H HAran, or Charan, 81 Hebron, and the inhabitants thereof, 84. The field of Hakeldema, 38. The hill Hameskita, ib. Hazezon Thamar, 92 Hagar, and her travels, 96 Hagars Well, and the signification of it, 94. Heliopolis, otherwise called the city of the Sun, 111 Of mount Horeb, 115. Hazaroth, 121. Harada, 123. Horgid gad, 125. Of the mountain Hor, 126. Hazor, 146. Hemath, 133. Hay, ibid. Hohab, 144 Hananias the false Prophet, 281 Hosea the Prophet, 286. Of the Prophet Habacuck, when he lived; how he lived, when he died, and where he lieth buried, 295 Of the river Hidaspia, 319. Hyrcania the high Priest, 364. Hesiodorus who would have rob the treasury of jerusalem, 367. Hermopolis, or the town of Mercury, 423. I OF jerusalem, 6. Of the situation of it, 7. The description of it, ibid. The circuit and bigness of it, 8. Of the gates of jerusalem, 34. The destruction of jerusalem by Vespasian, from 38 to 49. Of jerusalem after this destruction, from 49, till 58. Of jerusalem as it is now, from 58 to 63. Of the sects in jerusalem, from 63 to 67. Where Ishmael dwelled, 93. Of Jsaac and his travels, 94. The tipical signification of Isaac 98. Jacob and his travels, 99 The typical signification of Jacob, 105. juda and his travels, 107. joseph and his travels, 109, The typical signification of Joseph, 112. jotbatha, 125 Igim, 127 jahra, 128. jaezer, ibid. jael and her travel, 145 joshua and his travels, 137 The typical signification of Joshua, 138 The names of the kings that joshua overcame, and where they dwelled, 139 jaboch, 149 Iogb●ha, 150 jotham, 157 Of jaier judge of Israel, 152 jeptha and his travels, 153 The diverse opinions concerning his death, 154. jabes, 163. jonathan saul's son and his travels, 179. john and his travels, 194 Of the Country called India 204. jeroboam and his travels, 124. Of jeroboam wife, 214. The journey of the men of God which came out of juda, 214. jezreel, 219 jehoram and his travels, 224 jehu and his travels, 221. jehohas, 222. Johas and his travels, ib. jeroboam the second of that name, and his travels, 223 jehosaphat and his travels, 237. The typical signification of jehosaphat, 239. joram king of juda, and his travels, ibid. Of joas King of juda, 241. jabnia, 245. jotham King of juda, and his travels, 245. Josiah and his travels, 250. jehoahas King of judah, and his travels, 251. I●h●iakim King of judah, ibid. Of the destruction of jerusalem by Nabuchadnezzar, 253. Of the Prophet Isayah, 277. Of the Prophet jeremiah, and his travels, 279. Of the Prophet joel, 287. Of the prophet jonah, and his travels, 288 The typical signification of jonah, 294. japho, 289. Of the holy man job, 314. Of his three daughters, 318. Of jesus the son of Syrack, 323 judas Macchabaeus and his travels, 336. The typical signification of judas Macc. 344. jonathan and his travels, 345 john Hyrcanus and his travels 356 jason and his travels, 368 john Baptist and his travels, 426. jericho, 479. Of joseph of Arimathea, 493 joppa, 503 john and his travels, 504. The testimony of the Father's concerning john, 506. Iconium, 528 K Kiriathaven, 92. Karkor, 150 Kiriathi●arim 161. Kegilah, 180 Cyr, 260. Kereth, 271. eder, 319. L LOt and his travels, 87. Of Lot's daughters, 90. Of the kings that took Lot prisoner, 91 Of Libnah, 122, 135. Lachis, ibid. Libanus, 137. The Levite and his travels, 161. Lais, 160. Of Lacedemonia called also Sparta, 369. Lidda, 489. Laodicea, 513. Lystra: 528. M OF mount Moriah, 10. The Aligoricall signification of it, 11. The buildings upon mount Moriah, 25. 86 Of mount Acra from 27, to 29. Of mount Besetha, 32. Of the mount of Olives, 37. Of the mount between Bethel and Hay, 83. Machanaim, 102. Mount Seire, 106. Moses and his travels, 112. Midian, 115. Marah, 117. Mithca, 123. Macehelath, ib. Maseroth 124 Makedah. 135 Merom, 137 Mizpah, 153. Minneth, 154. Mickma●, 173. Maon, 175. Memphis, by whom, and when built, 209 Menahem and his travels, 224. Maresa, 234. Manasses and his travels, 249. Micah, 294. Malachi, 296 Mallos, 319 Matta●hias, 335 Medaba, 350 Menelaus and his travels, 370 Of a Mina, 376 The Virgin Mary and her travels 415 Machares, 429. Of the holy mountain near Capernaum, 446. Mysia, 536. Of the Isle and city of Mitylene, 549. Of the Isle and city of Mylerus, now called Malta. 551. Magdala, 468. Of the Island Mylete, 560 N OF Neapolis, or the new town, 32 Of Noah, 78 Of Nimroth, 79 Nabach, 149. Nob, 174. Nadab, 214. Naaman the Syrian and his travels, 231 Nebuchadnezzer and his travels, 263 Ninus, or Nineveh, when built and by whom, 291 Nahum the Prophet, 294. Nehemia the Prophet. 311. Nepthaly 322 Nazareth 418 Naim, 447 Nicapolis. 539, 566. O OF the cave of Odullam, 108. Oboth, 127. Omry and his travels, 216. Obediah the Prophet, 288 Orthosia, 366. Onias and his travels, 367. P OF the pool Bethesda, 26. Of Paradise and where it stood, from 72, to 78. Of the Palm or Oak of Mamre, where Abraham dwelled, 83 Penuel, 103 Of Pibaccharoth, 116 Phunon, 126. Pisgah, 129. The Plain of the Vines, 129. The Philistines travel from their camp to Michmas, 178. Pharaoh and his travels, 209. Peka and Pekahiah, 225. Of Phul Belochus King of the Assyrians, and his travail., 259. Pharaoh Necho King of Egypt, and his travels, 270 Pelusio, 266. Persepolis, when built, by whom and why so called, 337. Ptolomais, 350 Of the country of Parthia, 364. Perea, 446. Peter and his travels, 494 Allegations of the Author, to prove that Peter was never at Rome, 496. Of the Island called Pathmos, 509 Of the famous city Pergamus, 510 Philip and his travels, 514 Paul and his travels, 517, 523. 529, 547. 555. Of Paphos, why so called, 526. Of Pe●ga, 527 Of Philippe, 590 Patara, 554 Puteoli, 565 Q THe Queen of Saba, 204. R OF the Roman mile, 2. Rachel's grave, 104. Raemses, at what time it flourished, 115. Of the red sea, 116 The mystery of the Red Sea, 117. Rephadi●, 118 Rithmab, 120. Rimnon, ibid. Rissa, ibid. Rechob, 132.. Of the rock Eta, 158. Ramah, 162 Reason, Solomon's adversary, 212. 232. Rehoboam and his travels, 233. Of the river Cheber, 281. Of the river Eulaeo, 285: Of the Angel Raphael, 322 Of Rages a city of the Meads, 323 Of the Isle and city of Rhodes, and why so called, 553 Rhegium, 564. Rome, and why so called. 566: Rogel, 197 S OF Stades and furlongs. 2. Of mount Zion 8. The Allegorical meaning of mount Zion, 10. Of the Springs and Foantaines about jerusalem, 36 Of the Saracens and Turks, from 68, to 71. Of Sem, 79 Sichem, 82. Sodom, 88 Of the Sea Asphaltites, 89 Of the valley Siddim, 96 Succoth, 103 Salem, ibid. The desert of Sin, 118. Of mount Sina, 119. Of Saphar, 123. Sidon, 138. Samson and his travels, 156. The typical signification of Samson 459. Of the river Soreck, 158. Samuel and his travels, 167. The typical signification of Samael, 168 Saul and his travels, 196. The typical signification of Saul 158 Sur, 191 Sunem, ibid. Sichor, 192 Shemei, 199 Solomon and his travels, 200 The typical signification of Solomon, 203 The travel of Solomon's ships, 204 Saba and the situation of it. 205 Samaria, by whom built, 217 Seleucia, when it was built and flourished, 363. Syria, ibid. Of the star that appeared to the wise men in the East, 445 Sychar 438. The sea of Galilee 446. The description of the holy sepulchre 488 Simry 217 Sallum 224 Saerah King of Aethiopia and his travels 269. Salmanasser and his travels 260. Sanacharib and his travels 261. Sysach King of Egypt, and his travels 236. Sarepta 273. The Sunamite and her travels 277. Of Susan 283. Scrubbabel 311. Sobal 320. Simon and his travels, 352 Sephala, 356 Of a Sickle 375. Simon of Cyrene who carried Christ's Cross 491 Samaria 497. Smyrna 509. Sardis 512. Saba 515. Salamais 550. Samus an Isle 559. T THe description of the Temple 6 Of the Portches or open Courts of the Temple, from 16 to 19 Of the Allegorical or Spiritual meaning of the Temple from 20 to 24. The Tower Antonia, 26. The Tower Ophel 27. The tower of the Centurions, 27 The typical signification of Abraham 87. The travels of the two Angels 90. The Tower Aeder 104 Thimnah 108. Thahath 123. Tharah ibid. Thabor 146. Thola 152 Thob 153. The travels of the children of Israel, when they fought against the Benjamites 162. Thecoah 198. Thamor 203. Thirza 213. Thipza 225 The Travels of the people that Salmanasser carried into captivity 227 Tiglat Pullasser & his travels 259 Tyrus or Zor 266. Thispe 273. Tharsis 289. Tobias 321. Of the city Tharsus 332. The Tubiani a people 343. Tripoli 358. Tryphon and his travels 365. The travels of the wise men out of the East 424. The travels of our Saviour Christ in his infancy 431 The travels of our Saviour Christ from his Baptism, till the first year of his Minstrie 432 The travels of our Saviour Christ in the first year of his Minestry 434. The travels of our Saviour Christ in the second year of his Ministry 440. The travels of our Saviour Christ in the third year of his ministry, 449 Tyberia, 456. Tyrus or Zor, 458. The travels of our Saviour Christ in the fourth year of his ministry, 470 Thyatira, 512 Tarsus or Tharsus, 519. Troas, 5●7. Trogyllium, 551. V THe valley of Cedron, 31 Vzziah or Azariah, and his travels, 243 Vryah and his travels, 280 W OF the walls that compassed the city of jerusalem, 33. Of Weights, Measures, and Monies from 375, to 411. They Way between India and Egypt, 422. Y THe years of the iniquity of Israel, 214. Z ZOan, 82. Zin Cades, 126. Zalmona, ibid. Zarea, 157. Zoba, 173. Ziph, 175. Ziglag, 129. Zemeraim, 219. Zakariah, 224, Zarea, 234, Zedekiah, 252. Zephania, 224 Zacharia, ibid. Zophar, 317 Zabadei, 351 Zacharias, 414 Zidon, 462 FINIS.