DIATELESMA: THE FIFTH PART OR NUMBER. Comprehending THE PRINCIPAL ACTIONS OF GERMANY, FRANCE, SPAIN, AND The netherlands.  
Continued from November, 1637.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉— Hom. Odyss. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Hic libere utere, & fruere. 
LONDON, Printed by Tho: Harper, for Nath: Butter and Nich: Bourne. 1639.   

TO THE INGENVOUS READER.  
Claudere quae Coenas Lactuea solebat Auorum,  
Dic mihi cur nostras inchoat illa dapes?  
IT may be questioned, why the Business of the netherlands, which used to stand in the Rear, should lead the Van, in this discovery; It is here, as in a ranged Battle, Faces about, altar not either Files or Ranks, but the Posture only: and it first presented itself to my Fancy, was first brought down Methodically, and first came to the Press. If it be a mistake reprehensible, it was Error Protographi, and the Printer is not to be blamed. But the confusion, in the disposition of this Relation, by mistaking the Title overhead, in the 3. Chap. and interrupting the Title of the Low-Dutch Story, by interweaving a New one, was Erratum Typographi, herein excusable, that it was brought unto him by lose sheets, who perhaps, was willing to have ended it with the Tournament, more pleasant than the confusion of War: or else, as the best of Latin Poets doth sometimes make a Breach in his Verse, upon the Breach of a Spear; would show his Fancy, in expressing the tumultuary Actions of War, by the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of his Papers. However it happened, he craveth your connivance at this Error, and doubteth not to obtain it from such as you, who can more easily reduce the last sheet of that History to its proper place, than he can recompose it.   

THE TABLE.  

AN Anslaught upon Rhyneberke. Page 2  
Undertaken upon good grounds. Page 3  
Is prosecuted valiantly. ibid.  
Yet disappointed happily. Page 4  
The Spaniards surprised at Hanuit. Page 6  
The Romanists banished from Breda. Page 13  
Some persons prescribed by the Liegois. Page 14  
The Liegois require the Governor of Hoy to submit and come in. Page 15  
The Senate of Hoy return their answer, and preseribe the Liegois. Page 16  
The order taken by the Liegois, to defend their Country against the Spaniards. Page 17  
The Cardinal Infant's preparation for War. Page 18  
A Tournament intended at the Hage, at the Marriage of the Countess of Solmes. Page 19  
The Cavaliers divide themselves into parties. Page 20  
The Batavians send out the Challenge. ibid.  
And are answered by six Mauritanians. Page 21  
Secondly, by five Teutons. Page 22  
Thirdly, by the Knights of Rome. Page 23  
Fourthly, by the Knight of the Tears. Page 24  
Fifthly, the Chemists Reply to the Batavians Challenge. Page 28  
The entry of the Challengers. Page 29  
Their devices. ibid.  
The entry of the Mauritanian Knights. Page 30  
Their devices. Page 31  
The entry of the Teuton Knights. ibid.  
The entry of the Roman Knights. Page 32  
Their devices. ibid.  
The entry of the Knight de Larnes. Page 33  
The issue of the Tournament. Page 34  
Seckinguen surprised by Duke Bernhard. Page 43  
Waldshut surrendered to Him. Page 44  
John de Werth sent to Benfieldt. Page 55  
The Bryssackers sent to rescue him upon the way. ibid.  
Are utterly defeated by Cullembach. Page 56  
John de Werth desires to be exchanged for Horn. ibid.  
Rhinefelden rebesieged and surrendered. Page 57  
The Articles. Page 58  
The Duke's proceed. Page 61  
A Treason at Mastricht. Page 62  
Discovered. Page 63  
And the Traitors executed. Page 65  
The Abbey of Beff plundered by the Viscount Turenne. ibid.  
Count William Nassaw at the Blocker-dyke. Page 68  
Is assaulted by the Cardinal Infant. Page 70  
And forced to fly. ibid.  
The consequents of this Victory. Page 71  
The Castles of Saint Paul. ibid.  
Saint Martin de Fresne. Perne. Page 72  
Therovenne, and other Forts and Abbeys taken by the French. Page 73  
The Siege of Saint Omaers. ibid.  
The description of Saint Omaers. Page 74  
The order of the Siege. ibid.  
A French Captain of horse surprised by Forgatz. Page 75  
Forgatz defeated. Page 78  
Saint Omaers succoured by Prince Thomaso. Page 77  
Saint Omaers relieved by Piccolomini. ibid.  
The Siege is raised. Page 79  
The Siege and taking of Freyburg. Page 80  
A worthy Adventure of two English Gentlemen, but unfortunate. Page 81  
The Town surrendered. Page 82  
Five Regiments of Butler's Infantry defeated by Kanoftky. Page 84  
120 Curriassiers surprised by Tupadell. Page 86  
200 Crabats and 6 Companies of Dragons slain and taken by Rosa. ib.  
Altkirken taken in. John de Werth removed into France. Page 87  
400 Crabats slain and routed by Duke Bernhard. Page 88  
2 Dunkercks' men of War, taken at Port du Passage. Page 91  
Divers places taken by the Prince of Conde. ibid.  
Bechara summoned, and not yielding. ibid.  
The Duke de S. Simon bath order to enforce it. Page 9●  
Encounters 1200 Spaniards. ibid.  
Defeateth them. Burneth Bechara. Page 93  
3000 Spaniards defeated near Fontarabie. Page 94  
And 2 Spanish Ships sunk. Page 95    

The Occurrences in the Netherlands.  
CHAP. I.  
FOrtified Towns, though by the best Politicians they are thought unnecessary in Kingdoms, and absolute Monarchies, defended by nature from the invasion of foreign Princes, save only in the Frontiers, as those Realms, which are enclosed with unaccessible Mountains, or surrounded by the Ocean, yet in Aristocraties, for preservation of that state in its first species, and Kingdoms open to the incursions of neighbouring Princes, they are not only requisite for ornament, but the safety of the state, those defences standing as Bulwarks against the hostility of strangers, and sometimes stopping the course of their designs, though the presidiary soldiers and inhabitants be unprepared at their first approach to resist them till both may arm, and make head against the violence of the assailants; yet require the art and industry of men to manage them, being otherwise easily assaylable.  
Prospera prudenter: A discreet moderation is as necessary in the smiles, as the frowns of fortune: to endure the last with a well governed patience, is the way to vanquish her: and to abide secure in confidence of perpetual good success, is not seldom the cause of utter loss, often of jeopardy. The happy event of the Prince of Orange his travels before Breda, had filled the hearts of the people under the Government of the united States, with joy; and the Catholic Kings Allies with emulation; The loss of so important a place, was not easilier digested, and the Spanish men of war, expected an opportunity, to recover some thing which being added to their late prizes of Venloe and Ruremund, might counterpoise the loss at Breda; Octob. 16.26, was the day, which presented the occasion which was undertaken prudently, prosecuted valiantly, and might have ended gloriously, had not the Epimethean wits of the Statish Garrison been better than their Promethean. It was then a day of jollity at Rhinberck, 
An Anslaught upon Rhineberck.  (a little but strong piece in the Frontiers of Gelderland) for joy of the Prince his late atchieument: the bonfires made the night seem as glorious as day, the great Ordnance thundered out a Proclamation of triumphant victory, the soldiers and inhabitants kept Revels and feasting, and as if there had been no enemy near them, and after their feeding, lay down to sleep. The Spanish Garrisons of Gelder's, Gennep, Ruremund, Venlo, and other places upon the Maze, conjecturing what the issue of that days froliking might be, mustered up 1500 men, and armed with Petards and such like instruments, marched up thither-ward to surprise the City.  
Each circumstance answered their hopes for execution of the Enterprise; 
Undertaken upon good grounds.  the Lord of Wynbergen was the person to whose care the custody and government of the Town was deputed. He was then absent from his charge, and his absence was no small encouragement to the undertakers: Common men will assume more liberty, when their prime Commander is away, than they dare think of while he is with them: The darkness of the night concealed their approaches, and the loud reports of the Canon, and outstretched shouts of the people, their actions. An artificial bridge, was laid over one part of the outward Moat, and a pile of brush-wood and bul-rushes dammed up another; the Canons were ready to play, and the enemy to enter, yet nothing was suspected, much less perceived by the Garrison and inhabitants. How happy a presage was this of their wished end? their counsels hitherto found no reluctancy, in a still silence they stood armed to give the assault, till the triumphs being past, and as still a silence in the Town, as was observed in the Army, gave the assailants some evidence, that then was their time for action. The word was given, 
Is prosecuted valiantly.  and each man conformed himself to an active obedience. The assault was made with such violence, that one of the gates, which was made only for the ingress and egress of friends, was thereby become under the command of the enemies. Hear only was the rub which stayed the race of their conquest, the drawbridge was up, and that being wanting stopped them in their full career. But it only hindered their speed, and could not divert the resolved Spaniards from prosecution of this (thus fare fortunate) beginning. True valour is not heartless upon each disadvantage, and a right soldier accounts it his honour to encounter with difficulties.  
Though the way was thus hedged up, yet on they went, but not with such speed as they intended, nor with that happiness, which their hopes had promised. The assault was discovered then by a Sentinel, whose fear made the danger greater than it was, his throat proclaiming the state of the Town to be past danger, as already in the absolute power of the Enemy. The Citizens stood like amazed men, and were ready to buy their lives, with the voluntary surrendry of their goods to the victor; only the Lieutenant Governors' heart fainted not, he made good use of the little breathing time, the yaw of the bridge had given him, beat up the Alarm, drew up his Companies together, and wisely ordering his half distracted men, who by his example took fresh courage, fell upon the Enemy with an impetuous violence, when having scaled the walls, he ganto cry victoria.  
The end crowneth the work: 
And disappointed happily.  had the conclusion been answerable to the premises, the Governor of Gelder's, the principal adventurer in this expedition had got much more profit, by the Catastrophe than glory by his well advised Enterprise. Wesell had been blocked up, though no Enemy appeared in the field; the Spanish Garrisons had encircled it, nor could it have received relief from the States conveniently. The valour and vigilance of the Lieutenant Governor prevented all with his new awaked men, he made an assault upon the over-watched adversary; who neither prepared perfectly to defend himself, nor offend the Garrison (some of his men being upon the wall, and rather seeking the way down into the City, to endamage the defendants, then tosecure themselves, others got over the Moat, and more expecting the assistance of their companions & friends then affronts of their foes) and in conclusion, with the loss of his own life, and 60 of his men, repulsed the besieger with the slaughter of some hundreds of his men, and many prisoners leaving the name of Wike (so was he called) more glorious after his death than it was in his life by dying victoriously.  
Yet nor his valour nor fate was all, to which the Town was obliged, for this deliverance. Some other accidents intercided, which forwarded, if not perfected it. The Spanish Canon was not good, two old Pieces were planted to scour the streets, when the Gate was laid open, and those (crazy things) upon the first discharging, fell on pieces: and then, the noise of the Guns within the Town being heard at weasel, not above four English miles thence distant, some companies were sent out with 3 Drums, to assist their confederates which according to direction beating the marches of 3 several Nations disheartented the Spaniards from presuming too far, as not knowing what Enemy might be behind them, and so caused them to leave their weapons, to save their persons, their Petards, Granades, Pikes, Halberds, Harquebuses, of crocks, and other military instruments, being thus made a prey to the victorious Hollander.  
Stratagems in war are like goodly houses in eminent Cities, one is but the model of another. This design of the Spanish garrisons was the pattern of the like to the Statists of Mastricht, against the little city of Hanuyit, which was undertaken as advisedly as the other, and ended more happily, though not prosecuted so eagerly.  
Their intentions were different, as their issues: these last adventurers had no design upon the place, which desired neutrality, but upon four companies of Spanish foot and horse, which were thrust upon the city as Presidiaries, whom the duke of Bovillon intended to surprise by onslaught, and to restore the city to its ancient liberty. To this purpose the fifth of November new style, 
Surprised at Hanuit.  withal the Cavalry, and some firelocks drawn of each company in the garrison, nine out of each companies, under two Captains, three lieutenants and three ensigns, armed with petards and hand granadoes, he marched about eight at night towards the city, which lieth in little Brabant upon the frontiers of the Bishop of Liege, and arrived there the next morning before day. His approach was suspected by the sentinel, but not known perfectly: the Watchman heard a noise, and called his Corporal, who coming from the Corpse dugard, and listening a while in vain for a better information, (the army upon the sentinels word keeping strict silence) returned, checking the scout for his vain fear, which he concluded to have troubled his fancy with an ungrounded suspicion of an approaching enemy. Facile credimus quod volumus, Mens understandings are often fooled by their corruptible appetite; which presenting things to the sense otherwise than they are, deludeth the reason, and by a false conception produceth a Phrygian Monster, too late repentance. The departure and security of the corporal was not hid from the camp, which presently scaled the walls, opened the gates, fell upon the weak corpse du guard, of which they slew some, and took others prisoners, to the great amazement of the soldiers, who for their safety, with Priests ran into the churchyard, church and steeple. The church & hallowed ground about it proved a fanctuary to those which had retired thither, they desired quarter and had it. But the steeple could not secure them within, the Priests unwilling to yield, jangled the bells as in a common combustion, hoping by that means to call in some of their neighbouring allies to their succour, and not depend upon their enemy's mercy. But whilst they thus flatter themselves with help from abroad, death attends them from within, ten barrels of gunpowder placed in the tower as in a store-house (whether casually or otherwise it is uncertain) taking fire, and blowing up the priests and seventy others, which were fled thither with them.  
The next day the duke returned to Mastricht, waited upon by an hundred and eighty soldiers prisoners, two and forty horses and their equipage, one Ancient, one cornet, and only one Ensign, the rest being burned and lost, but without any pillage from the citizens, having commanded his soldiers by proclamation, that they should redeliver all they had taken from the inhabitants, into the hands of the auditor, to be restored to the right owners, which they did accordingly, and the auditor performed it faithfully.  
News of the good success of the States designs had in Brasil, were brought about the same time into the Netherlands, the sum whereof was this, That the Hollanders got ground daily there, ever since the time that the Spaniard with twenty five soldiers having passed the river S. Francisco, had taken some Hollanders prisoners, upon whom they set so high a ransom, that each common man was valued at three hundred gilders, and each Captain at a thousand.  
That they expected every day a good account from those nine men of War, the Amersfort, the Neptune, the golden Sun, the Rotterdam, the Grey Wife, the Pinnace Sperrhewer, the Pinnace Fernambucke, Endract, and the Halfmoon, which they had sent with eight hundred soldiers under the command of Kein the Captain of the Guard, and four hundred mariners under Captain john Wendol, against the castle of Mine, with assurance that they had taken it.  
That the ship called the weasel, sailing towards the West Indies, about twenty one degrees of Northern latitude had taken a Spanish-vessel laden with two hundred and forty chests of sugar, and sent it to Pariba. That the Crescent had brought from Guinee a hundred seventy eight Negroes, which were sold for 258000 Rials of eight, that is, each man at one hundred and ten French Crowns, a price set upon them for their service in the sugar Mills, wherein they expect not any other worth, that being the staple trade of the country. That their ordinary traffic was highly improved, both in general by the way of policy, their Ferries, weights, and Offices, being set at an high rate: and in particular, a strange increase of trade. All which jointly were no small encouragement to the Commons: but that which rejoiced them most, was to be eye witnesses of a prize taken by their sea Captain Cornelius Cornelison jowl, who the very day that these novels were brought to the States, brought into the Texel fifteen thousand pounds sterling, taken from the silver fleet; and left his confederate Captain Abraham Michael Rosendale tugging for another, of whose success he gave them some probable evidence.  
— Pax una triumphis  
Innumeris potior:—  
Half a loaf with quiet is better than a table stuffed with variety of dishes, where Ate sits as mistress of the feast, and brawls bring up the services. The people took some pleasure in hearing of their success abroad, by the means of their soldiery: yet were more inquisitive after some nearer negotiation at home: a treaty (as it was supposed of peace) begun at Rosendale, betwixt the Deputies of the Cardinal Infant and the Prince of Orange. But the end answered not their expectation, the Treaty ended only in concluding a set rate upon the ransom generally of prisoners taken in the Betwe & Velew, namely at a months pay for a man, according to their several states, and particularly of the Governor of Geldres, who was taken at his last design upon Rhinberg, and so after two months deliberation, the parley ended, and the deputies returned home.  
Winter now grew on, and the armies not able to keep the field were designed to their garrisons and Winter quarters; the State's soldiers being lodged in Breda, S. Hertogenbosch, Berghen-up-Zoom, Graves, Nimeghen, and the frontiers of Brabant, to preserve the inward parts of that Aristocracy from invasion by the Cardinal Infant's forces. And those Spanish troops which were mustered up about Antwerp, Liar, and Mechlen, were garrisoned in the frontiers of Artois, Flanders and Henault, where we will leave them. Only Piccolomini found some trouble before he could dispose his army for Winter. The diocese of Liege was first appointed for his residence. But the Luicklanders, who would not entertain him, stood upon their guard, and kept him out, and in the end Gulick-land was forced to receive him, where how welcome he was may be collected no less by the opposition made by the duke of Neuburg against him, who first sent his Agent to treat with him, and to persuade him (if his oratory could prevail so much) to remove the Sceance of his forces, and to lay it elsewhere: and this course not prevailing, assisted by the States of Berck and Gulicke, fortified Mulheim both by water and land, lest the Italian Count should attempt to enforce it. Then by the flight of the Natives and inhabitants of Sittert, Susteren and other places of that dukedom, from their dwellings, upon the news of his coming. And with what difficulty he got his admittance might be gathered by his letters sent to the Lords States of the United-Provinces, desiring them not to oppose his neighbouring sojournment, as suspecting him for an enemy to their government, but to repute him as a Neutral, that Imperial army over which he then commanded never being brought or employed against them, but to the aid of the Spanish Cardinal against the Christian King. Yet he prevailed with the States for Neutrality, by the frequent negotiations of his Agents, and with the duke of Newburg by his power, and about the beginning of December, his whole forces consisting of seven regiments of horse, and as many foot, though not half full, were brought and billeted in the Bercke, Gulicke, and Cleveland, under the commands of the Sergeant Major General Lamboy, and the Baron of Suys, whilst he in person went to Cologne to refresh himself, and to consult with the Elector there, about preparations against the Spring.  
It little avails to stuff a City with numbers of men, if they have not the hearts to resist a daring enemy. An handful of soldiers armed with resolution will do more than a timorous multitude. Mulheim was sufficiently provided for by the care of the Duke, who to secure the city laid in an accrewt of 500 men; but exposed to the pillage of the Imperialists, by the remiss cowardice of those to whom the keeping thereof was committed, who yielded upon the first sight of the Roman Eagles, and had the reward of their falsehood and cowardice, being stripped stark naked and expelled by the Caesareans, who immediately began to plunder the city, and had utterly spoilt the Inhabitants, had not the General Major Lamboy expressly forbidden them to go on so roughly against that people to whom they came for secure in extremity, without any commission to use them as enemies.  
Santen a smaller City, and not so strongly guarded, stood upon its liberty and maintained it. The Presidiaries there were fewer in number than those at Mulheim, yet of more valour and better fortune; they punctually denied to admit any part of the Caesarean army to be billeted there: and when Piccolomini would have forced them to it, they took up their arms, stood upon their defence, and twice repelling those troops which came to compel them, made them seek their winter station elsewhere: and here the Polemicke occurrences betwixt the Prince Cardinal of Spain, and the States of the United Provinces and Allies have their period. Only about Artois and Henault something was done betwixt the cardinal of France and Infant of Spain, the Duke de Candale surprising the little city of Semay, three leagues from Avennes, November the nineteenth or twenty ninth; and the Infant recovering it soon after, as also Beaumond, which in the Summer had been taken by the French Forces, but was now regained by the Spaniard in Winter.  
Policy was now the object of all their studies, preparation for war, reforming the regiments, execution of justice, and other attendants of a peaceable state, as marriages and triumphs, the cold breath of Winter giving some time of respite from military actions & a short resemblance of quiet. The Prince of Orange to settle himself in a sure possession of Breda, more fearing the practice of intestine then foreign enemies first commanded all those of the Roman Religion to departed the City, and the order not prevailing, soon after effected it upon this occasion, Novemb. 15, 
The Romanists banished from Breda.  25 (being Saint Katherine's day) the Romanists which lurked in the City undiscovered intended a Mass in the Cloister of the Capuchins, assembled together, and for fear of apprehension in the very act, barricadoed the doors, shut up all the windows and so fell to the service. Their Counsel, and their act were both discovered to the Governor and Sheriff of the place, who, in that nick of time, commanded a party of the Garrison to attend them, marched to the Cloister, forced open the doors and windows, laid hands upon the Priest that sung Mass, and by him discovering the rest of that Religion, which lay secretly there, banished both him and them immediately.  
The Liegois, though of the same profession with the Elector of Collen, yet rather affected the Christian King, then him; and upon pretence of their liberty, and revenge of the death of their late affected Governor Ruelle, published a Placard, December 7 17, against certain spiritual, and civil persons, whom they suspected more to adhere to the Elector of Collen, than their State, the tenor whereof is as followeth.  
Upon the proofs given in Court of the number of the late Magistrate of this City, and about the seditions, conspiracies, sieges, blocking up, and other violent attempts against this City, 
Some persons proscribed by the Liegois.  and Territory; the Counsel hath condemned and judged as Traitors and Enemies to their native Country, the Lord de jehen, de la Capelle, Godfrey de Bocholt, Horion de Heel, the Burgomaster, Rausin, the Sheriffs Dormael, and Zorne, Lambert Tournaco, Anthony de Marets, Ernest de Marets, john de Henneff, Francis Bertrand the Major of Hoy, Kelenis the Quartermaster, the Baron of Hollinghoven, the Lord Chancellor Blocquerie, Chockler and Process both Canons of the Church of Saint Lambert, and Doctor Dawuns Pastor of the 11000 Virgins; Promising: that if any of those condemned persons, can deliver his fellow, or any one of them, though he were one of those who had a hand in the murder of the Burgomaster la Ruelle, he shall have beside his particular pardon 200 
* A Patacoon is a Royal of eighth, four shillings sterling.  Patacoones for his guerdon: and if any of the Citizens can apprehend or kill any of the lay proscribed men he shall have 300 Patacoones; but, who ever can bring in one of the Spiritual persons, he shall have 500 Patacoons, and whosoever can deliver up john de Werth, or bring an authentic attestation that he hath killed him, shall have for his recompense 1000 Patacoons: withal, prohibiting all and each person, to support, maintain, or lodge any of these proscribed men, upon pain of suffering the same punishment, which is sentenced upon them. Subscribed H. le Clercy.  
Thus they expressed their love to the memory of their late Magistrate, but their care in preserving their franchises more. The name of a deceased Patriot yields a sweet odor to the survivors, but stands in no equipage with the love that is justly challenged from every Citizen by the Commonwealth. The Leigers declared both, though in a different measure, according to their several objects. Ruelle was reverenced for his care in preserving the public state; the state, for itself, and the public good of the Denizens. The Placard was proclaimed instantly, and two prebend's of Saint Lambert were presently dispatched to Hoy (a City upon the Maze 28 English miles West, and by South from Liege) with authority to command the Governor there, to surrender up the place, into the hands of the Leigers; who without deliberation returned first, 
The Liegois require the Governor of Hoy to submit and come in.  this doubtful answer, that he would first be paid 25000 Gilders, which he was out of purse, for maintenance of the Castle and Garrison; and then a categorical denial of the proposition, adding that he was bound by oath to hold it for the Elector of Collen, and with that answer dismissed them.  
All this was done by word of mouth; another course was followed, advised, and concluded of by the Governor, the Senate, and the Counsel of War Decemb. 17 27, and that was by way of retaliation to return Placard for Placard, and proscription, for proscription; the Governor of Hoy, or Hue, being declared guilty of treason by the Leigois, the tenor whereof runneth thus.  
The Senate, and Counsel of War at Hue, who have taken a solemn Oath, to live and die in the Neutrality, which hitherto they have happily maintained, cannot but wonder at the barbarous proceed of the Senate, and Counsel of War at Liege, 
The Senate of Hoy return their answer, and proscribe the Liegois.  held there December the 7, 17. without authority, or reason, and concluded merely out of passion against all Humane and Divine Laws, the fundamental Statutes of the Diocese, and against the peace and power of Caesar, and the Archbishop Elector of Collen, to whom they own obedience: not only by dishonouring the present Governor with the false imputation of treason against his Country; but also by tyrannising over the consciences of their Christian brethren, by continuing their inhuman, and cursed bloodshedding, and exposing the life of the now Commander at Hoy, to sale for the prize of 300 Patacons: And now because, that neither the Law of Nature, nor Nations can give any security for the proscribed persons: it is resolved to proceed against them by way of Retorsion. Wherefore after a solemn protestation before the whole World, of their unwillingness to take this course, if any other means for their safety might happily be devised; they, the Governor, Senate, and Counsel of War at Hoy, judge likewise all Colonels, Captains, Lieutenants, Ancients, and others of the Counsel of War, at Liege apprehensible, and guilty of treason; and promised 200 Patacons for each of those Colonels, 150 for each of those Captains, and 100 for each of the rest so apprehended, and brought in either alive or dead: Reserving withal all other Retorsions for our use, if the Counsel of Liege do prosecute their late Placard, or invent any new one, pronouncing all those which shall lodge, or receive any of the , and condemned men liable to the sentence pronounced against them: and admonishing all good Patriots, and wellwishers to their Native Country; to continue faithful to their Prince. Subscribed  
By order of the Counsel of War at Hoy and a little lower.  
Le Recht Secretary.  
Thus the Condrusii Agrippinenses or Luicklanders were divided; but the capital City, which should give the law to all the rest, and the major part of the Province held out for the Christian King, levied forces for his Majesty, supplied them with arms, 
The order taken by the Liegois to defend their Country against the Spaniards.  & necessaries; and the King again to confirm his amity with them, understanding the distraction of their state, by his Agent jan: 30 old style, and letters signed by himself, offered the forces which were levied there for him, to their service, promising to assist them with more if need required it, and to pay them out of his own Exchequer. It was a gracious offer, and worthy of so Royal a King; but the Liegeois were not so distressed, they provided sufficiently for their own safety both by a Marshal and Politic way; Daniel de Rive a valiant, and experienced Soldier was made General over 4000 men, whom they armed against all such as they imagined would offer to infringe their liberties: and he performed his charge so well, by keeping a careful, and strong watch in the Country, and Hesbay, that he secured them from the private practices of the Malcontents, and public injuries, which might otherwise have been put upon by their professed Enemies: One thing still remained, which was to take order for the common Magazine of victuals, that the Natives might not want bread, and that the Chapter of Liege, which pretends a dominion over the whole Province, provided for, by an Edict, dated january 17, 27, commanding all the Boors to thresh out their corn, and to bring it to the capital City, where it should be laid up in the public Granary, and be delivered out at a certain rate for the use of the people. And this order took so good effect, that the peasants reserving only so much as was necessary for their own use, brought the remainder to the public storehouse; whence, the seller was supplied with money, and the buyer with bread for his family.  
The Cardinal Infant at Brussels, though not then employed in Acts of war, was busy in preparing for it against the spring: and because men and money are principally required for such expeditions, 
The Cardinal Infantae's preparation for war.  he sent to his brother the Catholic King for both; the King answered his desire, and in a Fleet of 32 sails of shipping sent him 45 tuns of gold (if the figures deceive me not) and 4000 fresh soldiers, all which arrived successfully at Dunkirk, about the midst of December where the gold is to be coined, save one Frigate loaden with Salt, which straggling from the Fleet, fell into the hands of Swartk, a Statish man of War, who surprised it, and brought it into Zealand, Decemb. 7, 17.   

Occurrences in the Netherlands.  
CHAP. II.  
THe new year came in with a new dress. 
A Tournament intended at the Hage, at the marriage of the Countable of Solmes.  The rough habit of war was put off for a season, and a solemn Tournament more usual in peace then in War was performed at the Hage, by some noble personages designed thereunto. The occasion was this Monsieur de Brederode, General of the State's Artillery a man of so noble a house that the old marquis Spinola accounted him the only Gentleman in the United Provinces, was to marry with Madamoselle the Countess of Solmes sister to the Princess of Orange. And to honour these Nuptials, the gallantry of the Batavian Court to show themselves not mere Courtiers but Soldiers, also did not content themselves with bare Revels, but resolved to run at the Ring. And the Bride again to gratify them, designed a rich jewel for him that could oftenest take it in three courses. To make the action bear some form with the bravery of old times, they divided themselves into parties, one whereof stood as challengers, and the rest as defendants. 
The Cavaliers divide themselves into parties.  The Challengers were five Batavian Knights, who under the disguised names of Bator, Classicus, Arminius, Civilis, and Mandrubace, being indeed Monsieur de Bredode the Bridegroom, the Viscount de Manshaw, Monsieur de Verneul a Major of Horse, the Baron de Vaustar, and Monsieur de Chartley, published first a general challenge in these words.  
The Batavian Knights having for 3 years' space given notice by their Heralds, 
Five Batavians send out the Challenge.  whom they have sent abroad to that end, to all the Knights of the World that Feb. 6, 16. 1638, they would keep an open Camp at the Hage in Holland, their ordinary Randesvouz, where every Knight that would return an answer to their Challenge might safely enter and try with them at 3 courses with the Lance or sharp Sword, or what other arms they pleased with assurance that he got the victory, might safely carry away the prize that the Ladies of the Court had designed to him which could win it: Now finding that the renown of their valour known through all the World, hath struck a terror into the hearts of those that would oppose them, to the end that the Ladies might no longer expect the event they have agreed that 3 courses at the Ring, shall suffice, to give a testimony of their valour: though if any be so rashly hardy as to adventure further they will fight to the last, assuring them that they cannot find a more glorious Tomb. And ten days afterward a more special Challenge in these words.  
The valour, wisdom, and admirable discipline of the Prince that commands the Batavian Knights, having hitherto made them invincible, there being no part of the earth which the Sun looks upon, which hath not felt some effects of their prowess, protects them from any accusation of presumption or temerity in that resolution which they have taken to fight hand to hand against all Cavaliers which dare say that there are any Ladies more worthy to be adored then those that beautify this Court, and that they can find any more fair and virtuous than these whom we reverence: And to make this truth the more known, they attend with more than impatience the coming of those which rather out of passion than truth dare speak otherwise that by their Arms always just and victorious, they may make it known that it is as easy for them to vanquish as to adventure: Given at the Hage, Feb. 6, 16. 1638.  
The defendants divided themselves into several parties. First, six Mauritanian Knights appearing under that title and the feigned names of Almansor, Tindarache, Abdelmelec, Zelmander, Abindarae, and Algazair, being indeed the Prince Elector Palatine, his brother Prince Robert Duke of Deuxsport, the Rhinegrave, Monsieur de Vpdam, Monsieur de Berringham, and Sir Thomas Billingsley returned this answer.  
The Mauritanian Knights to the Batavian, etc. 
And are answered 1 by 6 Mauritanians.  Know ye that in a Land where your Acts are not known, the news of your strange adventure is arrived, and your vanity hath made you known where your valour durst never appear. And we are come at the day and place appointed being ready to punish your temerity. We who are descended from those whose lesser exploits have gained the title from the blood of the Nation of Rodamot: and in the same Camp which you have opened, your glory shall find a Tomb and ours a Crown. But seeing that the Ladies desire no bloody testimony of your fidelity we will content ourselves with the victory of three courses at the Ring, where our activity shall make them know that there is but one thing wanting for their perfections, to wit, our valour to maintain them. And because we admire the courage and merits of your invincible Prince, we shall make it appear to him, that there is neither force, valour, nor martial skill in the World, more fit or worthy to expedite his designs then that of Almansor, etc.  
The next party of defendants were five presenting Teuton Knights under the names of Nasva, Cingentorix, Induciomar, Cimber, and Arovistas, which were Count William of Nassaw brother to the Governor of Freezland, Resoar a Captain of Horse, Du Mey Hauten, and Marquet who thus replied to the Batavians cartel.  
The Teuton Knights to the Batavians, 
2 by the five Tentons.  etc. It being made known by Proclamation to all Nations that in the Court of Holland in view of the most excellent Prince all Knights desirous of glory are met to contend for the prize designed by the Ladies to him that shall appear most valiant and active: we who have been trained in the bloody feats of War, and for our worthy Exploits deserve to be registered in the Temple of Memory, with the merited surname of victorious; present ourselves in equipage to answer the conditions of your cartel with such valour as the Prince shall approve to be more temerity for you to contend with us for this prize, than shame for us to refuse, and that to your confusion the Ladies shall avow that we so far surpass you in loyalty and activity, that you shall be forced to do homage to our valour, and shall have only this comfort that you are vanquished by the best Knights of the Earth.  
The next was a party personating Knights of Rome under the names of Servius, Sabinus, Voranius, and Vitellius, but truly Count Henry of Nassaw, 
3 by the Knights of Rome.  the Count de Waldike, Chevalier de Vaustar, and de Loge, who thus replied.  
The Roman Knights to the Batavians. Batavian Knights, The honourable Tournament which you have proclaimed to maintain the beauty of the Ladies whom ye love, shall be the field where we will triumph in the titles of activity and valour which you usurp unjustly, and claim from all others. The merits of her whom we adore shall serve to increase our courages, and her graces enforce your Ladies to submit to her. We are come from the heart of Italy to make it appear that as there is no valour under Heaven equal to ours, nor beauty comparable to that of our Goddesses. All those proud Escripts which publish your presumption cannot divert us from combating with you with our Lance in rest and sword in hand to the utmost in a listed field as you dare. To this end the Mars of Princes (having always known us to be victorious Cavaliers) our Dictator who hath proved us valiant Legionaries, condemns your temerity in daring to defy us, and pronounceth that as the Romans have by their sword got the universal Monarchy, so there is no activity, prowess, or valour, which must not give place to that of Servius, etc.  
The next was a single man who presented himself under the title of the Knight of the Tears, 
4 by the Knight of the Tears.  and was Monsieur de Maurier a Gentleman serving the Prince of Orange, who in some sad Stanza's having expressed his grief to the Knight's defendants, his Highness and the Princess of Orange thus replied.  
The Knight of the Tears forsaken of Love and Fortune, despairing to be regarded by the one who hath hood-winked herself from seeing him, and not to be discovered by the other, because she hath turned her back towards him: is resolved to show his courage where he is persuaded to find most resistance, either to terminate so miserable a life as his own, or to continue it with honour: and knowing that there is not a place where prowess and valour are so common as in this Country where (by the magnanimity of the Prince) the miracles thereof are ordinary; is transported hither where he believes he shall find the strongest opposition, and by consequent aught to obtain the more glory. The Heavens suddenly cleared at his arrival in the presence of such a grand Hero, and in the view of such glorious Princesses which troubled with compassion of his miseries will suffer him either to perish gloriously or triumph bravely upon his destiny, and his ill aboding stars. This is that which hath moved him to oppose these gallants, who vaunt that they will humble the best Knights of the world, and to be victorious over all the Sun shines on. His actions shall falsify their words, and make it appear to all whom either curiosity or valour hath drawn hither that the Challengers (unworthy of their Master and their Ladies) rather deserve for their vanity of the assailant than the felicity they now enjoy. He will enter into the List where his enemy hath promised him a crown by bringing him to the place where he may gain it being resolved to maintain that the beauty of his Lady is beyond compare, and that the cause of his affliction is more just than that of their joy.  
The last party was made up by Monsieur Reverwerd, the Count de Horn, the Baron de Pontasier, Monomaker de Fosse, and Moir who presented themselves in the habit of Chimicks or Mountebanks under the names of Faustus, Mondor, Don Ferrand de Matamorbe a Gentleman of Seville, Macollo, and Braguets, who to conceal themselves first put out this Bill.  
There are arrived in the City five Doctors, the most experimented in the World, who through all the Country where they passed formerly have chased Death before them, and fortified the seat of health. The diseases they will cure are done ordinarily by them, though they be extraordinary in their own natures. You shall see here a little Catalogue, and as it were a scroll of all the miracles they can do: Their medicines are beyond price, and this City is not able to pay for the effects of their knowledge; nevertheless not regarding their worth for your love they have set such a price upon them as you may reach unto, and will ask no money of the sick till they be perfectly recovered. Come Lords and Ladies to our houses, and lose no occasion. Knowing that health cannot be recovered without pain.  
1 The dropsy of the spirit otherwise called vanity, we will easily cure with the powder of knowledge, of which we have brought good store, knowing that this Country is subject to that malady.  
2 We cure the Melancholy with a yellow ointment, which is neither of our composition nor invention, and which is worst, we have but little of it left.  
3 We cannot radically cure the malady of love, but we have excellent Anodynes to assuage the pain thereof.  
4 Lunatics, Mad men, and Hypocondriakes we cure by putting their brains in our Alembikes, and reposing them afterwards in their proper place, with a little of our Balm, and so they suddenly recover their senses.  
5 For the Vertigo or swimming of the head we have no other ceremony than to open the Cranium, that so those evil vapours may breathe out; and after by sprinkling it with the water of Patience, the malady is easily cured.  
6 The women which complain of their husband's disability, must attend us at home, for though our common remedies should not profit them they not return from us unsatisfied.  
7 Such as desire to have children may easily obtain them, if they will use our Balm, which is excellent and easy.  
8 Against the failing of the heart our water of 
* The word is an aequivocum, and signifies Cash, Money, or Cossi●.  Casse doth miraculously.  
9 If the diseases of the eyes proceed from envy (as according to Avicen an infinite number of them do) we can make an excellent colliery of Crocus martis, which will work readily and rarely.  
10 We have an excellent Balm against that pinching evil, which the ancient Masters of our Art, Theophrastus Paracelsus, Rabbi Elemi, and others call want of money; but it is very dangerous to practise it, and more dangerous to produce it, and therefore we conceal it, and that the rather, because we judge by all appearances, that because this secret or a better is not known in this Country, the Natives are more hardy and industrious.  
11 We have also brought with us a Balm, with which the physicians of Rome long since would have cured Lucrece, if she would have permitted them: but we think we shall make little use of it in this country, because it is said that the Damosels here are so loving and willing, that they have long since banished all force and violence.  
Thus these Gallants alluding to the windy promises of Mountebanks, first discovered themselves, and afterwards sent out this answer to the challenge of the Batavian Knights.  
We are they which call black life, and who by the knowledge of the best secrets of nature, 
The Chemist's reply to the Bataviant challenge.  renew youth, and restore that strength which age might or hath abated. As to such, the list which in this public festivity is open to all the Knights in the world, might have been justly kept shut: and truly if we had no other quality than that of Chemists, the Heralds ought not to admit us in till the end of the combat, to cure their wounded men. But we are men of a more glorious condition, the fire of Love, more forcible than that of the Chemical furnace, hath transformed us into other men, and by the view of the greatest goddess on the earth we are become Cavaliers. This Metamorphosis hath caused us not to endure that challenge which was penned by vanity, and published by temerity; the contents whereof are, That there are Suns in the world more illustrious than that which shines upon us. We therefore demand to have the list opened, that we may make these Batavians know, that our practice of keeping others in life, hath not deprived us of that skill that may acquire us the honour and glory of this Tournament. And as the world doth already judge of our rare skill by the events, so our will is also that you Knights may deem of our valour by our victory intending nothing else then a confession from your own mouths, that the Ladies whom you reverence equal not her whom we adore: or if perhaps she be set in that circle of beauties you shall avow that she alone is worthy of adoration, that yourselves are unworthy to love her, and unfit to serve her both those Offices properly appertaining to us.  
All these were the Proscaenia to the ensuing gallantry. 
The entry of the challengers  Nor were the Challenge and several Answers written more wittily than the Action was expressed with bravery. The day came and their entry into the List was in this manner. First came the Challengers, their Marshal the Camp before them attended with six Laqueyes in Carnation and Blue, 15 Trumpeters with their Cassocks and Banderols of the same colours laced over with silver lace: After them ten footmen in the same Livery with five lead horses, every two leading a horse between them: Then five Pages on horseback and five Esquires, the Pages carrying the Bucklers and Impresses, and the Esquires the Lances of the Knights, who followed immediately in a triumphant Chariot drawn by six Lions (the Arms of the house of Brederode) attended with ten Lackeys more, and another Chariot (drawn by six white Unicorns, and followed by ten Hawboyes and Sackbots on foot with long Cassocks of the same Livery with the rest) wherein were Slaves and Music both Lutes & Violins. Their devices were these. 
Their devices.  For Monsieur de Brederode a cipher of his Mistress name and his own upon a silver Shield, and the word in Spanish, Ants muerto que mudado. For Monsieur de Verneul. A Hart wounded by the flames coming from two eyes, and the word in Spanish Chiero lo che me quema. For Monsieur de Chant, A Hart with a Crescent in it, and the word in French, Pourtant tou iours le mesme. For Monsieur le Baron de Vaustar, A Crocodile with a Dart in his mouth, and these words about it in the learned language, Mahal fyr algit Nabuth. For Monsieur le Viscount de Manshaw. Two hands joined with sprigs of Laurel and Myrtle in them, and the word in Latin, Ex fide gloria surgit.  
Next to them entered the first party Defendants that personated the Mauritanian Knights in this equipage, 
The entry of the Mauritanian Knights.  First, Sir james Sandelane their Field-martiall Colonel of a Scottish Regiment of Horse, and six footmen with Bows, Arrows, Shields, and Flatcaps, clad all in a striped Scottish stuff like Highlanders. After him a Moor on horseback beating the Kettledrum, than 18 Trumpets, than 12 Hautbois on foot, then 8 Page's two a piece for the Princes, and one a piece for the others, who carried the Shields, and six Esquires who carried the Knight's Lances. After these came the six Knights with 3 Lackeys a piece by them, & 12 Lackeys following leading a horse between every 2, after these a troup of Lanciers all upon white horses with snaffles and little saddles al' Angloise. The Knights themselves were all with gold or silver Turbans on their heads, Cassocks of the same that came down to their knees, and underneath a Pantaloon of black. At the wrists, neck, and ears great store of pearl, and their Cassocks fastened before with pearl or diamond buttons, and both they and their train with their faces painted black. All their train were in black Pantaloones, to make them seem as naked Moors, with a little apron of cloth of gold or silver to hide their privities, and all with Scimitars by their sides. The Knight's devises were these. For the Prince Elector a plain sable Shield, with this Latin Motto in a Schedule appendent: Maculas non contrahit ullas: and in his Bendroll a Lion in a toil, with this word; Quâ potero. For Prince Robert, 
Their devices  a Sword and Spear and other Arms, with this French Inscription, Heritage de Cadets. For the Rhinegrave an Oak with a branch struck off by thunder: with this Latin Motto, Adhus jovis Arbor. For Beringham a Sun in a black Shield, the word in Spanish, Nada Ensusia ni Limpiessa. For Vpdam, a Sun and half Moon, and a wheel betwixt them, with this Motto; Tolle Imples, which was proper and significant, he suing for the government of Huesdun, and a Whale being the Arms of that City. For Sir Thomas Billinsley. A plain silver Shield with only this written cross it, in Latin. Fatum inscribit Eliza.  
Next to them entered the second party Defendants that petsonated the Teuton Knights in this equipage (their Camp-marshall being Armanville; 
The entry of the Teuton Knights.  brother to Monsieur de Beringham) They came all clad like one another in green Velvet coats a la Polonish laid all over with gold lace, with five led horses, 15 Lackeys, 15 Trumpets, five Pages, five Esquires all in green and gold Liveries accordingly; their Marshal de Camp being Armanville brother to Monsieur de Beringham. The Knight's devises were these. For Count William of Nassaw, A Cupid with a Ring in one hand, and a Bow in the other. The word in French, Lue et Lautre. For Monsieur Resoar, a Fortune with a Ring in her hand, and a hand with a Lance in it taking the Ring. The word in French, En despit d'elle. For Du Mey, A Hart pierced with six Darts all headed with C the first letter of his Mistress name. The word in Latin, Sic sic juvat ire sub umbras. For Monsieur de Hauten, An Eagle in the clouds amongst Thunder and Lightning, with this Spanish Inscription, Ni matarmi, ni Spantarmi. For Monsieur de Marquet, A Sun in eclipse, with this in French, I'en sortiray.  
The four Roman Knights came in the next file; 
The entry of the Roman Knights.  their order was thus, Upon their Camp-marshall, Monsieur la Fountain were attendant four Trumpets, two Drums, a Flute, four Pages, and four Esquires, all on foot, and four Horses led by four footmen, clothed like the old Roman Legionaries, than the four Knights, each with a Lackey by him attired a la Roman, and a man on horseback with a Standard bearing the Roman Eagles, and these four letters S. P. Q. R. all which though they made up the smallest number, and had the least train, were bravest in their assumed habits, no other shape appearing so gorgeous on horseback as the old Roman dress. Their devises were thus set forth. For Count Henry of Nassaw a green Palm with a stone upon it, and this Latin Motto, Premitur non opprimitur. For the Count of Waldeck, 
Their devices.  a Torch half extinguished; the word: Reddant suspiria flammas. For the Chevalier de Vauslar, an Hart with Cupid upon one side, and Mars on the other, the word Accendor utroque. For Monsieur de Loge: a Shield full of flames, the word, Sursum movebor, donec extinguor.  
Art was not wanting to set out this Gallantry; hitherto the spectators were ravished with such pleasure as might delight them; an object of sadness, though accoutred in the best trim, the wits of that Nation could attire him, came in next to qualify the excess of delight, 
The entry of the Knight, de Larmes.  which might arise from the former glorious spectaeles: The Knight de L'armes, or tears himself, and retinue all in Sable, and black the evidence of a grieved soul; his two Trumpets clothed in the Robes of sorrow, sounded a Surdine, his two Pages, Esquire and two Footmen which led his horse, both by their looks, gesture, and dress, seemed to have a feeling of his misery; and himself to make the people better acquainted with his sorrows road in a Chariot, form like a Tomb driven by Fortune, attended with six lackeys habited like himself, and the rest of his train in black, with tears of silver, which like the dew upon the Marble, hovered in drops upon it. His devise was: Four great tears in a sable Shield, the word in French, Mon Soleif ou des Larmes: and in his Bandrolle, a Death's head, with this Inscription: Mon pis est Mon Mieux.  
The conclusion was more comical. Those pretended victorious enemies of Death and his Harbingers, sickness and sorrow, entered the List in this rank. Their Avantguard consisted of six Lackeys clothed in carnation and silver, and two Pageants, one presenting Charon's boat filled with passengers, among which were Hypocrates and Galen, the two great Physicians, and the otherlike a Stage with a Mountebank, and his man acting and selling drugs, and two Buffoons representing Don Quixote, and his Choir Sancho Pancha: the Rear consisting of the Pages, Squires, Footmen, led horses, & six Knights, whose leader Beavervard road upon a Dromedary, all being clothed fantastically like Mountebanks. Their devises were thus. For Monsieur de Beaverwert a Death with this in French. je la donne aux autres. For the Count of Horn. All instruments of incision in his Shield. The word in Latin, Seco mel ùs, quam sano. For the Baron de Pontasier, (who was dressed like a Don of Spain) an Alembick with this word in Spanish, Alli dame el fuego d'Amor. For Monsieur Major, a hand catching of Flies. The word in French, Bienheureux quien echappe. For Monsieur Monomaker. A Fortune presenting a cup. The word in Spanish, Non ti sidur. For Monsieur de Fosse, A hand holding out a bowl of wine. The word in Latin, Bacchica pocula praestant.  
This was the preparation, their action and fortunes followed thus. The Challengers and the others repaired to one end of the List, to make their course successively according to the order which they observed at their entry. 
The issue of the Tournament.  All confusion was avoided, every man had his three courses, but the prize of that day was carried away by the Liege, whose fortune was more assisting to him then his art: though he was not unskilful in managing his horse and lance. A Sunshine day never seems long, the inhabitants near the Pole, are said to express some grief, when their long day of almost three months' continuance is buried in its first short darkness, and that this gallantry so full of delight might not be too soon finished, the most excellent Princess the Countess Dowager of the Palatinate of the Rhine, the illustrious and most high-born Lady Elizabeth her eldest daughter, and the Princess of Orange give three other Rings to the honour of such as could win them, and prolonged the sport for three days, two of which were won by Pontasiere, and the third by Resear.   

CHAP. III. A Relation of the late Battle fought between Duke Bernhard Weymar (General of the Swedish Forces) and john D'Werth, chief General of the Imperial Forces, March 1638.  
DUke Bernhard of Weymar, who had not unhappily employed his forces about the Rhine, the last Summer and Autumn, in the extremity of Winter, after he had victualled Ensisheim, Angelstein, and Pfefsinguen, and left 800 men to guard the Forts which he had built upon the Rhine, with an intent rather to abandon them honourably, then maintain them desperately, they being not indefence; repaired to the Valley of Delspery, or Delmont, in the Bishopric of 〈◊〉 to refresh his weary Army; where his active spirit would searce let him rest, roused him again speedily upon the report of the victorious proceed of his Enemy, which made an advantageous the of his absence.  
Let the Bavarian Baron tell his own story; and let his enemies pardon him if they imagine, he doth it too gloriously; Modesty is not a Soldiers, but a woman's ornament: and let the Orator spare him if he do it not Rhetorically, or smoothly; he professed not Arts but Arms; & could manage his sword, better than handle his pen. Thus he expressed himself in a letter, Dated at Offenburgh, Novemb. 13, 3. and directed 〈…〉 we should rob him 〈…〉 part of his glory; if (since he hath undertaken it) we permit him not to be his own Historian.  
Most Revorend Father, and most gracious Elector and Lord, die. I cannot but withal submission certify your Electoral Highness, that as soon as I had received certain intelligence that the Duke of Weymar was gone towards Burgundy, to take up his winter quarter, and myself was able but to sit on horseback, (though the wound I received in the last battle be not yet prosectly recovered, the bullet still lying in my body) I thought it requisite to attempt and recover the bridge and sconces which the enemy had made over, and upon the banks of the Rhine, that so I might get a scour hibernall station for my forces.  
To this end, Octob. 31 new style, I passed the Rhine at Brisack, with the Alinger Horsemen, a part of the foot forces, and certain pieces of Ordnance marching speedily day and night, with an intent to assault them both by water and land: Novemb. 1, I arrived there, and viewed the out-most Sconces, and Retrenchments on the Burgundian side, where perceiving that expedition was required principally for execution, and that the foot forces by reason of the uncouth way, could not follow so fast, as I desired: I caused my lifeguard to alight and assault the first bridge and Sconce on foot which they did so sunously, that they forced the defendants to fly and seek their safety elsewhere. This was our first enterprise which though it succeeded happily, cleared not the way to our easy proceeding. The Enemy had thrown off the bridge, and so stopped the pallage that we had no other way to regain it then by demolishing the Sconcs and making use of the timber to repair it. This stay was no small advantage to the Enemy who made use of his time, and threw off another long bridge which lay over the second River, and took his Posto there: yet this loss was recovered by the industry of the horsemen who again assaulted and took in the two Sconces upon the next River, and forced the Defendants to run away unarmed into the fourth Sconce, where they threw off a great part of that bridge too, and gave such fierce fire upon us, that I was compelled to attend the coming in of my Musketeers and greal Guas, before I could attempt farther against them. At last they came and I planted them upon the bank of the River whence by playing continually upon the Island and Scorce, they did much slaughter, though they did not break down the bridge. Another Engine I had devised for that service; and used it happily. Some old vessels filled with powder and fire-balls I caused to be bought from Brisack, which being calried down by the violence or the strcame falling upon the Enemies artificial bridge; tore it in sunder, and so separated the Island from the rule Sconce which lay on the other side. This was a hight-work. The ensuing day presented me with a new business, The Enemy had in the Island two Sconces, and there I perceived him fortifying and endrenching himself for his more safety: To prevent him I commanded the horsemen and Dragoons to pass through an arm of the Rhine, and the foot forces by boats which I had prepared for that purpose to make over into the Island and assault the fourth Sconce lying behind the locond bridge, which they did faithfully obeying my directions, and effectually not returning without the prize. The fifth Sconce lay before the bridge of boats near before the rule loonee. It was well manned with 200 men, and to take it in I caused the Cannon to be carried over the River, and came myself in person before it. The strong preparation for all 〈◊〉 being perceived by the besieged, caused them to send out a Drum, and desire a parley. I heard them but gave them this short answer; that I would not yield them conditions, nor accept the ●●●●esse they yielded upon discretion. My actions attended upon thy words. I presently assaulted and mastered it, forced the defendants to fly, a part whereof making towards the broken bridge of boats were takon prisoners, an other part chased into the Rhine, and drowned, and the last which sought for she lter among the bushes upon the Island became a prey to the soldiers, and were put to the sword. Thus fare having gone fortunately on immediately. I took out the foot-forces to assault the Real Sconce which was guarded with 600 men, & defended with four peeoes of Ordnance: and to speed it the sooner I planted my Cannon against it, and played upon it with that violence, that I made an assaultable breach in the wall, and prepared to assault it. But he or the besieged hang out the white Flag, send but a Drum, and desired to treat, and receiving no other answer, but that they should yield upon discretion, or if they stood out to the last, they should be all put to the sword, they strait submitted to mercy, and were thus ordered. The Officers I kept as prisoners, the common soldiers which were willing, I took into service, and dismissed with white slaves. Whilst I thus laboured about taking in the forecamed Forts, the Sergeant Major General Enkenfourt, who had the command on the other side of the River, took in all the outermost Sconces and Retrenchments there, and the Lieutenant Colonel de Melli the Cappler Sconce, which was above the bridge in the midst of the Rhine, and was guarded by 50 French soldiers, and put them so hard to it, that all except 12 which had quarter, were either slain or drowned. This I have clecred again the River of Rhine, and I thought it my duty to certify your Electoral Highness thereof punctually. Subscribed.  
Your Electoral Highness' humble and obedient servant  
john de Werth.  
A victorious Army goes on like a devouring fire, carries all before it, till it meet with oppositions able to quell it. The Imperial Colonel Mettanich was commanded by his General to make an Anslaught upon the Sconce at Drusenheim, he did it, and carried it, and after that took the Fort at Kurtkenhowsen by composition, and lastly, blocked up Strasburg, an Imperial City upon the Rhine, the King of Hungary having so ordered it as declining all neutrality.  
john de Werth thought himself now sufficiently loaden with spoils, and returned with triumph to the Bavarian Court at Munchin, where for the time he was entertained graciously, feasted and honoured, but was soon recalled back to the Rhine, a storm arising in the West, which like an Hurricane threatened those parts of Germany, unless that he himself by his presence should dissolve it. The Duke of Weymar who in the short time of his repose had well victualled both his Army and the City of Strasburg out of Switzerland, his discipline having gained the love of those Helvetians, and studied the means to repass the Rhine, january 18, 28. arose from his head Quarter at Delmont, and though the seasoargued against him by his resolute courage answered all the difficulties it could propound. His attendants were only some Gentlemen and choice men of his army with whom he marched the same day to Pfeffinguen, and thence to Inglesten, which are the keys and inlets of Lauffen and Delmont, where was the first Randesvouz of his horse and Infantry. Here he made some stay but a short one, the time being only to instruct them for the order of their march, and himself departing the night following, wandered with this retinue, and furnished with six wagons laden with scaling ladders, Petards, and other ammunition of War. The ways were miry and scarce passable, yet with much hardness he reached the next morning at the point of day, an hours going below L●uffenburgh point-blank, against which lies the town of Seckinguen, the Rhine only parting them. The Duke's intention was to pass the River speedily, but his soldiers being wearied by the roughness of the way, and sharpness of the season, found themselves unable to handle their Arms, being benumbed with cold, and this caused him to repose there one day, not so much to rest their wearied bodies as to recover their limbs, which time was not lost, the Duke himself getting in the interim two little vessels, by which he could at once transport eight men, and no more over the River.  
These small Bottoms, january 20, 30, were conveyed to the River about three quarters of an English mile below Seckinguen, a place which the eye of the inhabitants of that City, could not reach unto by reason of the Woods and Mountains which hindered their prospect that way. 
Seckinguen surprised by duke Bernh.  The Citizens being thus hood-winked from discerning the Duke's practice, by this small help at diverse times 100 resolved Gentlemen, furnished with ladders, Petards, & other necessaries, were ferried over to the other bank, with instructions to assault the Town, and make themselves masters of the boats belonging to the City, and of one Ferry, which the Burgesses suspecting the Duke's design, had haled to the shore, & placed it nearer the gates of the Town, as a Flanker to secure them. The enterprise was undertaken courageously, and sped happily, his highness' soldiers became Masters of the Town, and Boats, but the Ferry-boat being boared in sundry places by the Townsmen, to make it unserviceable for the Duke in that attempt, detained them an hour and half, to repair it, that thereby, and by the other vessels which they had surprised Rosa's Regiment, and some more foot-forces might be brought to their assistance.  
When one knot in a churlish piece of timber is rend, the rest cleave easily asunder. The Saxon Duke having advanced but thus fare prosperously, with a little wheeling about, 
Lauffenburg taken by Anslaught.  assaulted and took in Lauffenburg the same night, the terror and distraction of the citizens as much speeding his design as his own directions, and his men's resolutions. Though his petards had done their work effectually, the assaulted might have held out and kept the city, if their fear had not deprived them of counsel, by burning and demolishing the bridge (a thing almost as feasible as imaginable, it being built of wood) but their affrightment extinguished their reason, and in stead of opposition they fell to submission, cleared the way, and gave him admittance voluntarily.  
By this success, though the Baron de Werth had cut off his former, 
Waldtshut surrendered to the duke of Weymar.  he regained a new passage over the river, and to take possession of it, he without delay sent the Count of Nassau with his regiment over the bridge, to join with Rosa, and with their united forces laid siege to Waldtshut, where the garrison perceiving an army encamped, and a bank raised against them, surrendered presently upon fair terms, and so the Duke without blows became Master of their forest and free towns, but under the protection of the House of Austria.  
Yet here was not the period of his fortunes: two companies of Imperial horse, which were sent, though too late, to reinforce the Presidiaries in Lauffenburg, came in unhappily for themselves, to enlarge his victories. They met him unexpectedly, and were no sooner discovered than vanquished, some being slain, others captivated, and few escaping death or imprisonment; as were also a Regiment of foot, which followed them, though with some difficulty, the place of fight giving the Caesarian Infantry conveniency to fight advantageously, & opportunity to retire more conveniently, though not securely, in the end they were discomfited with some slaughter, and pursued almost to Brisack by the victors, which strewed the way with dead corpses, and returned to the camp with about sixty prisoners.  
It was an ingenious device of the old Romans, to set the temple of Fortitude in so direct a way to the Temple of Honour, that no man could come to the last but through the first; Glory is not gained without danger. The Duke's next design was upon a strong city Rhinfelden. Here he found a strong erreluctancie, and by the issue added not few grains, but many massy weights to his former got glory. The Christian King had sent him money to pay his army, and that supply gave his men fresh spirits: but he wanted ammunition, and so might seem to want ability to go forward with this great design. From Schaffehousen he expected what he wanted, powder, which was sent him down the Rhine, but stayed by the Romish Cantons at Coblen: yet he proceeded in his course daringly, not desperately, being certified that the city was sick of the same malady, by some intercepted letters which he found in the hand of a messenger sent from thence to Brisack, whom he apprehended and hung in the sight of the garrison soldiers. Being also supplied from Benefeldt, Colmar, and other towns in the Alliance, and under the command of the French King: and now he raiseth batteries, employs his pioneers to undermine it, spares no more pains to subdue it, than the city to defend itself. When having with some small loss to his army got a good advantage upon the city, his mines and batteries having broken an assailable gap in the walls, and he preparing to assault it, his design was thwarted by the report of a known enemy, an army of old soldiers coming upon his back, under experienced leaders, john de Werth the Bavarian, the Duke de Savelly, the Austrian General, and the General Majors Sperrhewther and Enkenfourdt. And this for the time caused him to raise his siege to attend their arrival.  
February the 18 or 28, the Saxon duke began his expedition by that day the Imperial army was advanced into the Black forest, by the help of the Peasants, who first informed the General de Werth of the Duke's actions, and after cut out his way thorough the brambles and thick underwoods with their Bills and hatchets, to hasten the march of him and his confederates forces.  
una cademque manus vulnus opemque tulit: The same tongues which by their clamour drew the Caesarian army thither, reported their coming and place of residence in the camp, and moved the Duke with six regiments of horse, amounting in all to twelve hundred; and three hundred musketeers, and six field pieces, to meet him in company, and to adventure the fortune of a battle.  
The Imperialists under the command of Savelli, were placed in the right Wing, and the Bavarians led by john de Werth, in the left of that Army. The Duke of Rohan, which was casually come to the D, of Weymars' Camp, and would make one in the fight, commanded the left, and Duke Bernhard himself, the right wing of his forces. And now the battles join, the field-pieces, play awhile at some distance, but the adversaries in the end come near together, and then the Muskets and lesser Guns vomited bullets like hall-stones mingled with fire upon their dischargers Enemies. It had been too violent a fight to have continued, had not the carelessness of the soldiers in the left wing of the Duke's army, which gave the first charge, given the Imperialists opportunity to renew the combat; Wolff the Imperial Colonel which led the Avantguard; was mortally wounded and taken prisoner, with some other Officers and eleven Cornets, by which the common soldiers, judging that the battle was ended, slacked their hands, and fell on pillaging to the advantage of the Caesareans, which rallyed again, and joined with the other part of the army, intending tobe avenged of the Duke's left wing, as in part they were, breaking its Ranks, & seizing of the D. of Rohan as their prisoner, though he was presently rescued by a Major of the than Rhinegraves, now the Count of Nassaws Regiment. The Saxon Duke, whose vigilant eye was over his Army, and took notice of each loss and gain, perceiving where his Enemies pressed hardest upon him, drew up his foot-forces, to make head against them; but the Imperialist, repulsed them too, and got from him four pieces of Cannon, and three Cornets. The Duke as scorning this check without delay, came in with his Cavallary, and charged the Caesareans so furiously, that he broke their Ranks, and it came to pell mel, in an horrid confusion upon both sides. What slaughter might have followed this tumultuary combat, a soldier can judge by experience, and reason may inform us by the consequents, three of the Duke's Colonels, Schavelitzhi, Dannenberg, and Erdman, or Erlach, being thereby made prisoners of War, and carried into Rhinefelden, and 150 of his men suddenly slain, as were also 300 of the Enemies. But the night drew on, and both the Generals sounded a Retreat, unwilling to strike at random, john de Werth taking his way towards Rhinefelden, into which he thrust 300 fresh men to strengthen the Garrison, and Duke Bernhard yet keeping the field, whence he dispatched a Messenger to the other side of the Rhine, with a command to his Camp there to rise, and meet him near Seckvingen, Feb. 19 March 1, where those 4 Regiments of Horse, and five of Infantry, which lay on the West side of the River, met him at the time prescribed.  
Some time was spent there by the Counsel of War, but not much, and some few hours to refresh himself, but not many; for the next day, March 2 new style, himself marched with his Infantry and Artillery, along the River toward Rhinfelden, having sent his Cavallary before under the command of Tupadell through the black Forest, and both of them met again the next morning by seven a clock near Biken, the place designed for their common Randezvouz. Counsel and Discipline do more than strength: The Duke used all, he drew his Army into a close body to conceal its number, and thereby amused the wary Bavarian, who being misinformed by his Scouts, took the whole number, but for a party, and as thinking the prey caught, environed them round with all his forces, presuming that none should escape. His order was thus, He placed some choice men in a Spinny near Rhinfelden, with three of those pieces which he had gotten in the former battle, himself encamping with Wahls Regiment, in the Forest somewhat further off, whiles his Cavallary was ranged in an adjacent field, giving order that at the signal, they should all arise together, and jointly rush in upon the Weymarish; fearing lest otherwise they might attempt to save themselves by flight, upon the view of his whole Army. The Duke had his desire, by his Enemy's preparation against him, suffered him to come on, not discovering his strength, till one part of the Caesareans which appeared upon their march, the rest being laid in a ditch, to conceal them, came within 100 paces of them, when suddenly the Duke unlocking his close body, appeared in his true proportion, discharged his Cannon crosse-ways thrice, amongst the thickets where the Caesareans were lurking, he did much hurt amongst them, and played with his small shot upon the rest. The divine wisdom can at pleasure, and often doth infatuate the best counsels of men. The Bavarian Baron in all appearance to the eye of Reason had so ordered his troops, that in probability, he might conclude of a certain victory; but what he imagined, would make for him, turned to be most against him, an higher power, to which the conquest must be ascribed, so perverting his designs, that what was intended for his help, turned to his ruin, and the sword of God in that battle, might be apparently seen above the sword of Gedeon. Those Regiments of foot, which were laid in Ambuscado for the Duke of Weymar, were armed with those 3 pieces of Cannon, which they had gotten two days before from him, and great store of lesser Artillery. Some troops of Cavallary were sent from the Bavarian Army towards the Dukes, with order to fain a flight, as soon as the Duke's forces should come near them, that so they might be alured to pursue them, into the trap which was laid for them: the project was hopeful, yet proved harmful to the Caesareans, for the Weymarish Colonels, Collembach & Bodendorff pursued the Caesarean horsemen, and made them change the nature of their flight from a counterfeit to a true one, the Infantry which lay in Ambuscado not being able to relieve them, or help themselves, spending their powder vainly from so low a ground to the hills, where the Swedes abode till they perceived the violence of the storm past, and collected more than probably that their powder and shot was spent, and then assaulting those poor unarmed foot men with all their power, routed them, and regained 3 of the Cannons lost in the former battle. The Bavarian General had ordered the Garrison of Rhinfelden, to sally out assoon as the battle was joined, and to gall the Swedes in Flank, yet this counsel was defeated to by the providence of the Duke, who placed two troops of horse, and one company of foot behind the hedges, by which they were to march, who looked to their charge carefully, be haved themselves manfully, and forced the garrison back into the City. Tupadell all this while was charging upon the Imperial Horse, who stood the first and second shock bravely, but fled at the third, as unwilling to encounter with the Swede again. The Bavarian General, whose great heart knew not how to yield, still hoped that the fortune of the day might alter, and with 1500 horse maintained the fight, till 300 of them being slain, the rest fled leaving the lately victorious General with his Confederates to prove the vicissitude of fortune, and become either examples of weakness, by a timorous and confused flight, or the spoils of time by an immature death or sport of Fate, by imprisonment and vassalage, or patterns of inconstancy by changing their Copy, and serving under the Colours of their late Enemy.  
The total of these two Battles I find thus summed up.  
On Duke Bernhards' side in the first battle were slain, the Lieutenant General Rhinegrave john Philip, the Ritmaster Barsletter, and 150 men common soldiers. The General Commissary Schavelitzky, the Colonel Dannenberg, Colonel Erdman, or Erlach, and two Standards of Okeims Regiment, were taken prisoners, and carried into Rhinefelden. The Colonel Keller, Ritmaster, Plech, and Captain Kein were wounded dangerously. In the second battle, Colonel Bodendorff, two Ritmasters, Vorbinger and Klepper yielded to far, with as many ordinary soldiers, as fell in the first battle.  
On the Imperial side in both battles, these became prisoners of War. The Duke de Savelli, who escaped out of the fight, but was pursued by Rosa, and taken by Rosa, though he had disguised himself in the habit of a Friar; the Generalissimo of that Army john de Werth. The Count of Enkenfourt and Sperrhewter two General Majors of note: Three Lieutenants Colonels the Baron de Zell, Scharftenzel and Rouger: 4 Colonels, Neinecker, Goldt, Hinderson and Wollff 4 Majors, Rivarius, Anthony de Werth: The Major of the General's Regiment, and john Philip jonas: 17 Ritmasters, 14 Captains, amongst which is a Count of Furstenburg, 22 Lieutenants, 32 Cornets: 4 Ensigns, two Aides de Camp, seven Sergeant Majors or Watch-masters, 39 Corporals: one pair of Kettledrums, 1800 foot, which took service under the Duke of Weymar: and twelve hundred horse, all which almost did the like; there were slain upon the place in the first fight betwixt three and four hundred, and in the last six hundred, and four hundred upon the pursuit; thus the sword was tincted in blood that day, yet as if the die had not been in grain, thirsted after more. Three hundred Caesarean horse were gotten into Rhinefelden, and so escaped, but the next day, perceiving the Duke's great preparations to re-besiege it, and not thinking themselves secure there, would have sought their safety elsewhere, and attempted to go to Brisack, but were surprised by the Swedes of the Duke's Army, and in a general defeat, the Colonel Newhans Lamboy the Count Albert Lamboy, the Count Albert of Furstenberg, the Baron de Ferents, and Newenstein the Commissary General of that Army were forced to crave quarter which was given them, and they redeemed their lives, by submitting to a necessitated captivity.  
The Duke thus victoriously quit of the Army which had undertaken to stop his progress, makes preparation for a fresh siege; but before he put it into execution, would first see his noble prisoners, and dispose of them in their designed places. To supper he invited them, and entertained them with like fare generally, but not a like aspect. john de Werth and Sperrheuter found themselves not so well reputed or nobly welcome as the rest. The falutation betwixt his Highness and the General Werth was in an ironical compliment, the Duke often jerking him with some private nips, by remembering some disrespective words which the Bavarian had oft spoke of his Highness; and in fine placing him at table below the Duke of Savelli, to his greater grief, who looked for place above him in this his eclipsed fortune, because he had a command above him whilst he was in his glory. Hinc surgit orexis, hinc stomacho bilis. This passage moved the Bavarian to such an indignation, that his wounds fell fresh a bleeding, and that he might dishonour the duke his fellow prisoner, translated the loss of the day from himself to the others cowardice, unskilfulness, or carelessness.  
It could not be grievous to the Saxon Duke to hear them retort injurious words, yet as if he had taken no pleasure therein, he advised them to give place to their fortunes, sent for a Surgeon to dress the Baron's wounds, and supper being done sent them to their lodgings, committing the custody of their bodies to his entrusted Deputies. Then he betook him to bed, but that gave him no rest, something remained yet to be done before he undertook a new expedition: he knew it was not his own arm which got the victory, and to ascribe the honour to him to whom it was properly due, he ordained a public thanksgiving to be celebrated the next day at Sauffenburgh, and his prisoners were not yet in that sphere of restraint to which he meant to confine them. Order was taken for this too: the General de Werth, Enkenfourd and some others were to be transmitted to Benfieldt, the duke of Savelli to Lauffenburg, and Sperrheuter, Goldt and Hinderson to H●henwiel, a strong fort anciently appertaining to the duke of Wirtemberg, but of late seized on by the king of Hungary, and newly recovered by Duke Bernhard, where they are under a strict watch, and more closely restrained, because the duke de Savelli had escaped from Lauffenburg and evaded their hands.  
The manner of his escape is related diversely: the excuse of his Guardians making way to this fable; That a woman which waited on him to bring him victuals and dress his chamber, by night let him down by a rope from the windows of his lodging, and afterwards over the city wall. The most probable is this, The person to whose trust he was committed had formerly served under the Imperial colours, and now to make his peace with the King of Hungary, offered his helping hand to the Duke's evasion, upon promise that he should mediate with his master, procure his pardon, and restore him again to grace; which the Duke accepted, vowed, & was dismissed secretly.  
This report is the more probable, not only in respect of that aphorism of the Politicians, There is no trust to be given to a reconciled enemy; but in regard of the juridical proceed which ensued it: a criminal process being sued out against a Major and two Sentinels of Schombecks regiment, and three or four of the Burgesses, who were all convicted of conspiring or conniving at the Duke's escape, and executed according to martial law.  
The Duke escaped out of prison, by consent of his Keepers, and john de Werth was in hope to have been rescued before he was brought to prison, by some of his friends in despite of his Convoy. March 2, 12. 
Io. de Wert sent to Brisack.  the Colonel Cullembach attended with three hundred horse, was commanded by his Highness, to carry the Bavarian General, and some officers which were surprised with him in the last battle to Benfieldt. The Garrison of Brisack, of which the Baron was much honoured for the services he had done formerly, 
The Briss●kers. attempt to rescue him upon the way.  had notice of each particular concerning that design; the day, way, and number of his Guardians; (only they knew not how well they were armed, but supposed them light horsemen which were Equites cataphracti, armed Cap-a pee) & made out a strong party to encounter with the Convoy, and with hazard of their lives, to attempt the recovery of the General. The provident Colonel, who expected such adventurers, no sooner discovered them, but guarded the Wagons wherein the captives were with 20 Carabins, charging his prisoners not to stir upon forfeit of their lives, and his Soldiers which attended them, without respect of persons to kill the first which should offer to move in hope of liberty; himself and the rest of his Retinue falling instantly with all their strength upon the Brissackers, 
And are utterly defeated by Cullembach.  whom, unable to endure that shock, he routed totally, slaying some, taking others to mercy, and suffering a very small number to escape death or captivity. The way thus cleared, he drove on without any obstacle delivered up his charge at Benfeldt, and giving this instruction to the late General, to endure patiently what was beyond his power to amend; visited Ensisheim, Colmar and Strasburgh, which last City he furnished with many commodities, returning in lieu thereof, with store of powder, bullets, and four great Cannon, to the Camp at Rhinefelden, which he brought thither, March 9, 19 in 22 Wagons, to hasten the period of that siege.  
Duke Bernhard was now settled in his sphere of activity, but the General de Werth cooped up, and barred from action. Till this their brains were equally working for honourable achievements, but now their thoughts are fastened upon diverse objects, 
Io. de Werth desires to be exchanged for Horn.  the Bavarian is hammering out the way for his liberty, either by ransom or exchange, and sent a Trumpet towards Munchen, March 5, 15. with petitionary letters to the Duke his Master, that he might be redeemed or exchanged for Gustavus Horn; in which thoughts we must leave him; and the Saxon Duke to prosecute his victory is again returning to Rhinefelden, whither this Narration must follow him.  
Assoon as he had re-begirt the Town with his Army, it was bruited in the Camp that the General Goetz, by a speedy march was coming to relieve it; a report it was which carried some show of truth there, being then a cessation of Arms, till the first of May new style, concluded of betwixt that Imperial Commander, and the Hessian Lieutenant General Melander. And this something delayed the Fate of the Town; the Duke in person with 1500 horse and as many foot (the rest of his Army being then disposed about Strasburgh and Brisack) going to visit him. But the journey was soon accomplished, the grand Mountain brought forth a Mouse, the Enemy was only a crew of ragged Crabats and undisciplined Boors, which had entrenched themselves in the the Waldt-schwartz, which before the Duke could reach them were routed and defeated by the Ritmaster Benheuraiah, which shortened his Highness' Expedition, and caused him to return the next day to Rhinefelden.  
The Leaguer was laid on both sides the River, where batteries were raised, and nothing omitted, which might be any way available to endamage the defendants. The Commander and Garrison within for five days expressed a brave resolution, once fallying out, and with loss of 80 of their own men, making some spoil amongst soldiers, from whom they carried away a Lieutenant and a Sergeant as prisoners of War. But in the end their victuals, 
Rhinefelden rebesieged and surrendered.  and Ammunition failing, their hearts fainted, and March 12, 22. after they perceived that Cullembach was returned, that his Highness had sent to Hohenwielt, for more and greater Ordnance, and made great preparations for the assault, they sent out a Trumpet to desire a parley, wherein first were offered them the conditions of Nordlingen, and afterwards these ensuing, which they accepted.  

Articles granted by Bernhard Duke of Saxon, Gulick, Cleave and Bergue; Landgrave of Thuringen, marquis of Misnia, Count of Mark and Ravensberg, Lord of Ravenstein, etc. to the Major, and Commander in the Town of Rhinefelden.  
1 
The Articles.  THe Governor and Garrison of Rhinefelden shall be permitted to departed with their baggage, Horses, Wagons, Wives, and Servants; high and low arms, matches burning and Drum beating, with all the Officers and Soldiers, which are retired thither since the two last battles, except such as have voluntarily come in to their party, not being pressed thereunto, who shall have licence to departed too, but without their high Arms.  
2 It shall be lawful for all Ecclesiastical persons, Noblemen, Boors & as many Burgesses as shall desire it, to departed with the Garrison, or afterwards with their goods and baggage, and as many as will stay to inhabit there, shall be protected from injuries, and enjoy their estates.  
3 All his Highness' Officers and Soldiers, which have been taken prisoners, and shall be found in the Town, shall be set at liberty without Ransom.  
4 Those, which have left the Camp, without leave or Passport, and are found to be in the Town, shall neither openly, nor privately be conveyed away but left there or restored.  
5 All victuals and ammunition of War shall be left in the Town, except that which the Soldiers can carry in their Knapsacks and Bandeleers.  
6 The wounded and sick men which are unable to march away with the Garrison, shall be permitted to abide in the Town, till they can conveniently be carried away, or are able to follow their Colours.  
7 Assoon as this accord is sealed on both sides, the Commander shall be bound to open, and surrender one of the Ports, but none of the Camp shall enter into the Town thereby, till the Garrison be departed.  
8 The Garrison shall departed punctually on the morrow, March 14, 24 at eight in the morning.  
9 The Commander and Garrison shall have a safe Convoy, and be carried near Brisack, and for assurance of the Convoys safety, the Commander shall leave behind him sufficient Hostages, which shall be dismissed peaceably at its return. And for the better surety and confirmation of this Accord, two indented Copies shall be drawn & interchangeably signed and sealed, one by the Lord and Colonel Arsidius Forbush, of the one part, in the name, & by the command of his Highness; and the other by the present Governor of the Town on the other part, to each of which persons, there shall be one Copy delivered.  
Given at the Camp before, and in the Town of of Rhinefelden, March 13, 23. 1638.   
This agreement was more truly observed amongst Enemies in this time of War, than many civil contracts are amongst neighbours in time of peace, 600 Imperial Soldiers left the Town the next morning, to the Victor, but were not all conveiged to Brisacke, yet none were detained violently, the Convoy was ready for as many would make use of it, but two hundred of them presently offered their service, to the Duke of Weymar, and the most part of the rest, no sooner understood of the place to which they were designed, but they did the like, more fearing the famine, which already rages there, then hoping for relief from these inhabitants and presidiaries. The time spent before the Town was not lost, it being a place of strength and importance, and honouring the Duke's achievement, with eleven Ensigns which were saved there in the last battle and two old Ensigns belonging to Pappenheims Regiment, which escaped and were kept there, since the battle of Lutzen: besides the gain of two fair Culverings, many Bullets, yet but one quintal of powder, and some small store of provisions.  
His work is not yet done. The care of the Town was committed to Forbush, who employed himself to repair the breaches, supply the Magazine, and to work about new Fortifications, while the Duke diposeth of his Army (now grown stronger by 6000 men than it was in the first battle, 
The Duke's proceed.  and daily expecting a fresh supply of a thousand, who by that time were come as far as Monbeliard) one part part whereof was sent against the Castle of Rotelu, where they forced the garrison to yield upon discretion, retaining the soldiers in their pay, but detaining their pay, but detaining their Captain and his Lieutenant prisoners: and found an hundred Muyds of wine, much corn, cattles, and other provision, which should have been transported to Brisack: another under Rosa toward Wirtemberg, who had before taken in Duthlinguen, a passage upon the Danube, and some other places, himself going with the gross of his army towards Fryburg, a town in Brisgaw three leagues from Brisack, which as they writ from Basill is already sensible of the inconveniences which attend them by his neighbourhood.  
In a part of the third Chapter the titles over the head being Occurrences in the Netherlands, should be Occurrences in upper Germany.  

Further Occurrences in the Netherlands.  
The jollity in the Netherlands before spoken of, bore a resemblance of a firm peace, and their Triumphs might have made a stranger believe, that the States of the united Provinces were then so secure, as they needed neither fear any hostility of an open enemy, nor the clandestine practices of a private. But Novit paucos secura quies, the condition of all sublunary things is subject to change, and The smiles of Fortune are more to be suspected than her frowns.  
The Cardinal Infant a potent adversary, and one which tugged not merely for honour, but laboured as much to reduce that Aristocracy to the obedience of the Crown of Spain, which claimed a title and dominion over the seventeen Provinces by marriage with the daughter and heir to the house of Burgundy; as they to preserve it, made strong preparation against them both by sea and land; and some secret conspirators (the more dangerous by their privacy; for God defend me from my friends, saith the Italian, and from my foes I will guard myself) inhabitants and garrison soldiers of Mastricht, had plotted treacherously to deliver up that city into the hands of the Spaniards: who attending the time for execution, had drawn together six or seven thousand men, and lay near the city, well provided of scaling ladders & other military instruments. The chief conspirators were Veynck a friar, 
A treason at Mastricht.  Padre Rector of the Minorites, john Lundsman or moon a Brewer, Claudi de la Cour a Burgundian gentleman and his wife, two Burgundian soldiers of Hauterives Regiment, and two Brick-layers inhabitants of the city; and their plot was laid thus, and thus discovered: The Brewer's house was sited upon the small River of Ecker behind the Cloister of the Minorites, and abutted near the port de nostre Dame, at a place where formerly there had been a Postern, but was made up slightly in the time of the last siege. This weakness in the wall he first discovered to the Burgundian and La Cour, who willing to return to the Spaniard from whom they had revolted, and hoping there by to get both gold and honour, first discovered it by private letters to the governor of Geldres, and being encouraged by him, revealed it to the Brick-layers, promising them a good sum of money to break down the new building privately. La Cor whose pregnant brain longed to be delivered of this monstrous conception, while it was an Embryo, appointed a certain day March the first new style, for its birth, and to facilitate the work for his midwives the Brick-layers, often repaired to the place, surveyed it diligently, and observed the proportion betwixt the thickness of the old wall & slenderness of the new; till at last being seen by a Burger, suspected as a Spy because he was an Alien, and threatened with the Rack (nescit tacere commissorum scelerum trepidatio) confessed the treason & his complices therein. 
Discovered.  His confession saved him from that torture, but not his fellow Conspirators, who being detected by him, and seized on by the officers, at first denied the fact, and stood upon their justification. But it is vain to plead not guilty, before such as conclude them so: The Padre Rector pleaded his monastic life, which being piously contemplative, could not entertain any such vile intentions: the Brewer and Burgundian gentlewoman pretended their enfranchisement in that city (the one being a free Denizen by birth, the other by purchase) which must or should engage them to loyalty, and arm them against treachery. The bricklayer (for one fled) pleaded ignorance, confessing the matter de facto, but excusing his intention by circumstance, saying that he worked for wages, that he was hired thereunto by the Padre Rector and the brewer, who claimed an inlet and outlet by that postern, in and from the city, and that this was the only end for which they consented to undertake it. But the magistrate and commander, knew that of old Catiline who was a native Roman, as well as of late their Barnevelt, that a cloister hath sometimes been a cage for unclean birds, and that hell-hatched treason doth not seldom palliate itself with the borrowed garb of seeming sanctity; That no man could or ought to be so ignorat, as not to know, there are any private proprietaries in the walls of a city, which are Bonum publicum, and not to be broken down for any private man's use, without licence, took not their words for a satisfactory answer, but try if the material rack would enforce that from them, which their seduced consciences, though lashed with a dumb beadle, could not make them to reveal. The first torture wrested out the truth from all, but the Friar, who bore his first torture with a Stoic apathy, and though accused by the rest jointly, as the first mover of this devilish engine, denied all, till the second tortures being presented him, and overcome with fear, he opened himself really, begging that mercy humbly, which had he not been false he might have enjoyed freely, but could not now expect. He was sentenced to be first degraded, then executed: but the Ordinary proceeding slowly, as not willing to have such shame fall upon the Clergy, the execution was not done till the end of May. 
And the traitors executed.  The others suffered April 20, 30, had their heads cut off, and set upon high poles (long living witnesses of their perfidiousness) behind the Minorites Cloister, with their faces toward the Sconce. Navagi de la Cor was quartered, and the four quarters set upon the four gates, those towards Brussels and the Bosh, Saint Peter and the Wyck port, but the bodies of the others were buried.  
One day giveth a remedy to the troubles of another. The magistrate and commander in Mastricht had been much perplexed with this intended treason, because after the execution of the first revealed conspirators, they found others both Churchmen and Burghers of note, to have consented thereunto; and therefore apprehending them and committing them to prison, they intended to take vengeance of their professed enemies, who had prompted their people to this prodition. In the Cloister or Abbey of Beff, which stands besides Hanuyt and Namur, lay five companies of Spanish horse, and two of foot, and thitherward the Viscount of de Turenne, General of the army newly form in the Bishopric of Liege, for the service of the Christian King, 
The Abbey of Best plundered by the Viscount Turenne.  marched with his own Cavalry and the horse of Mastricht, four hundred foot and two pieces of ordnance, April 2, 12. The next day following they appeared before the Cloister early in the morning; when the Spanish horsemen discovering them, presently mounted and fled for their own safety, leaving their own baggage, the foot, and the religious people to be a prey for the assailants, who took the Abbot, a captain, a Sergeant, and a hundred common men prisoners, pillaged the Abbey, burnt down a fair house which stood near it; and the next day met with a party of Imperial horse, whom they defeated, and took from them sixty horses, which with the spoil of the Abbey, and the prisoners taken there, they returned into Mastricht.  
What the Spaniard lost there by land, he got again with advantage about the same time by sea: five ships of Amsterdam, the white Swan, the black Lion, and three other coming from the straits laden with rich merchandise, fell into their hands and became their lawful prize. A frigate of Dunkirk chased the white Swan when it was almost at home and took it. Two other Frigates pursued, burnt and sunk the black Lion, which alone was valued worth five or six ton of gold, yet got no other spoil but sixteen men, which alone escaped the fury of the sea by the mercy of their enemies who took them prisoners and brought them into Dunkirk. The other three fell into the mouth of the Spanish navy near the Bay of Biscay, and were forced to yield. This loss came into the foot of the Hollanders account, who by their own computation, with the loss of the Nassaw, which coming from Fernambuck laden with four hundred & thirty chests of sugar, and other rich wares, was cast away upon the coast of Ireland, had then lost within the space of a few months six and twenty sail of ships.  
Now the Spring was well entered, the Sun had clothed the earth in a green suit, and exhaling the moisture, which made the highways pulpish and unfit for man or beast to tread upon, began again to make them passable; when both the Cardinal Infant and the States prepared against each other for an offensive and defensive war. Isthoe est sapere non quod ante pedes modo est videre, sed etiam illa quae futura sunt: Wisdom considereth how it should suffer, as well as what it should do: A wise man looketh as well behind him as before him, both in peace and war.  
Before either part went to field, their first care was to secure those places which were most exposed to danger. To this end the Count john of Nassaw was sent by the Prince Cardinal, to view and fortify with victuals and ammunition, the forts and cities upon the Maze, as Genue, Geldri, Venlo & Ruremund: as the cavalry of the States was dispatched from the Bosch, Huesdon, Emmerick, Rees, Nimmegen. Wesel, and other places towards the Grave and the Maze, for the same purpose. The French on the South side, which menaced the Cardinal as ill as the Hollanders on the North, required contribution of the Brabantiers, threatening such as should deny it: and the Cardinal Infant published an Edict at Brussels, April 13, 23. in the name of the Catholic King, wherein he straight charged all his subjects not to pay it: adding withal, that he which could bring in any of the French Agents which came to demand it, should receive for his guerdon fifty Gilders: and commanding all victuallers and inholders in cities or villages, not to lodge or entertain any such French guests, though their near kinsmen or dearest friends, upon the pain of five and twenty gilders: enjoining also strict watch to be kept upon all towers and steeples, and the Boors to arm upon the first alarm: and because he was surrounded with enemies, by advice of his Council of War it was concluded, that Don Andrea Cautelmo should be General of the foot, and the marquis Sfondrato, of the horse in Brabant, Count john of Nassaw in the North of Flanders; and Prince Thomaso, Balanso, and Isolani, in the South-west Henault and Artois, who then began to appear about Saint Aumars & Gravelling. Yet that this order should be changed upon occasion, and doubled all his garrisons upon the frontiers of Picardy. Whilst the Prince of Orange was mustering up his forces, which by the 12, 22, of May, he had conveyed by shallops to their Rendezvous at Lithoyen.  
The Prince Cardinal was rather upon a defensive than offensive war, and stood looking a while where the storm would fall. The Prince of Orange removed from his first rendezvous to Berghen up Zoom, where he lay with the main of his Army some days together, but about the end of May and beginning of june: Count William of Nassaw was sent with six thousand men to invade Flanders, and like a sweeping rain which drives all before it; scarce finding opposition, took in the sconces of Verbroeck, 
Count Will. Nassaw at the Blocker-dyke  Steland,. and calo, and at last assaulted the Mary-sconce, the principal of all upon the Blockerdike, was master of an halfmoon, which he held for the space of twelve hours, yet then was beaten from it by the garrison.  
The Cardinal Insant being advertised hereof, and knowing how Antwerp the noblest Empery of the West and Marquisate of the Empire was endangered, if those neighbouring sconces should remain in the fingers of the Hollanders and united States, drew all his forces together to stop his further proceed. Some troops he sent before him, to skirmish with the assailants and hinder them from fortifying, while himself with the gross of his Army might be ready. The avauntgard of the Spanish marched so fast, that june 7, 17, they had fought with a party of Hollanders whom they found without their quarters, where the commander of that Holland party Maurice the only son of Count William de Nassaw, an hopeful young gentleman wise and valiant, fell by two mortal wounds, the one by a musket bullet shot into his breast, and the other by a Rapier run through his belly.  
The Count Piccolomini, by this time was come to Antwerp, to aid the Prince Cardinal, who calling Groebendoncy to counsel with them, june 10, 20, resolved to assault the Count William in his Quarters with all their forces, and the same night prosecuted the course on which they had concluded. The Spanish Army consisting of eight full Regiments, was divided into three several parts under these three Generals, and led along the Dike towards calo, Beveren and Verbroeck, that they might fall upon the State's Army at once in its three several Quarters, the first of Count William, the second Colonel Enreutters, and the third the Scots Quarter. The assaults began at twelve in the night, and continued until 8 the next morning with such fury, that the reports of the Guns were heard five leagues off, the defendants neither being terrified by the number of the assailants, 
Is assaulted by the Cardinal Infant.  nor the assailants disheartened by the defendants courage, and well ordered fight. It was too violent a storm to last longer, for the ground began already to be died with the blood of the slain men, and how long should the sword devour? The slaughtered corsps must have a sepulture, and both parties gave free licence for burial of the dead. Till then, neither of their losses appeared but now, the States found some Officers of note slain, as Lieutenant Colonel Hinderson, the Lieutenant Colonel to the Lord of Beverwerth, Sergeant Major Levenstein, and four others, Captains and Lieutenants, beside above 400 common men. The Cardinal Infant's loss exceeded this, there being above 3000 of his soldiers found dead upon the ground, besides such as were wounded; and himself being as sensible of the loss of his men, as of his own honour, presently renewed the assault, and continued it without intermission, 
And, forced to Buy.  so furiously, that the Count of Nassaw was forced to fly in a storm, and return the same way which he came, leaving behind him eight cannons, two great shallops, and 60 lesser, 2300 of his men prisoners, and almost as many slain by their Enemies; and stifled in the mire.  
How unexpectedly may the designs of men be frustrated? The Provinces under the Catholic King, seemed till this day to be almost under the command of the Christian King, and United States; But the fortune of this day (to which Heaven itself assented, by contrary winds, 
The consequents of this victory.  hindering three Regiments sent by water, upon the information of the Lieutenant to the Count of Solms, june, 11, 21 in the morning, of the former night's work, to the assistance of Count William, from coming unto him) supported the state of the Spanish Government; the Prince of Orange, who then lay with his Army at Nord gheest, instead of invading, was fain to lie upon a defensive ward; the Cardinal Infant, with his own forces was able to deal alone with his disheartened men; the Forts lately gotten by the States were yielded up. Enreutter retiring as well as he could from the Verborech Sconce, the Scots forced to furrender the other, and Piccolomini with 11000 men had opportunity, to aid the Prince Thomaso, against the French, in the South-west of Flanders.  
Chastillon the French Marshal, having passed the Summer, May 8, 18 brought his Army to the Castle of Saint Paul, May 12, 22. 
The Castles of Saint Paul.  which he presently summoned and had surrendered unto him upon these conditions; that the Governor and the Garrison both horse and foot should march out with baggage and arms half an hour after the Capitulation, and safely go to Bethune; that the inhabitants of the place might have leave to do the same with like assurance: that they should be conducted by a hundred horse of Cassions Regiment a league upon the way; and thence by the Trumpet of the same company, with a Passport to Bethune, and that the inhabitants religious persons or others, might have liberty to remain there (if they pleased) taking the Oath of Allegiance to the Christian King, which conditions being signed and subscribed, there marched out 120 men, above 300 women and children in Wagons, and the Fort was Garrisoned with the Regiment of Navarre.  
Half a league from thence stood the Castle of Saint Martin de Fresne a passage of importance, 
Saint Martin de Fresne.  and a ready way for the Spanish to Saint Paul. This he summoned the same night, and having prepared to assault it, the Garrison capitulated upon the same terms, as the former, and the French Marshal laid into it 50 Musqueties under the command of a Lieutenant the day following. May 13, 23. the Marshal encamped near Perne where there was a Fort, 
Perne.  but abandoned by the people, whose hasty flight caused them to leave behind them great store of beverage, corn, and cattle. The Country about it, abandoned with forage, and thither the Marshal sent some of his forces to make provision for the Horse, who returned at night with a good booty, & 600 prisoners, able to pay their ransoms; besides the Religious persons and women, whom dismissed freely, yet hanged up some Boutefeve for example sake, and so abated their number.  
May 14, 24, the French Army came to Theronenna a place famoused by Historians, where the remaining Ruins of the buildings, are still witnesses of its ancient glory. The inhabitants loath to alter their government retired presently into the Church, which standeth in an Island of the River, and thence made some unhappy shot against the French; but after three volleys of Cannon bullets, they yielded, and some being slain, the rest were taken prisoners. 
Therovenne, and other Forts and Abbeys taken by the French.  And now the Army, May 15, 25. took up its Quarters betwixt Ardres & Blandeck, a quarter of a league from Saint Aamers, upon the River Aa, which falleth down to Gravelling.  
Before he raised any bank against the City, or would give order for the Circumvallation thereof, the Marshal dispatched 3000 foot, and 2000 horse with two Culverings, two pieces of 12 pound Bullet, and other necessary equipage under Fert Imbaut, to cheer the Spanish Forts, 
The siege of Saint Omars.  betwixt Ardres and Saint Omar, that he might have a free passage for his victuallers and Convoys; and himself with the principal Officers went to scour the causey-wayes, which were filled with armed Peasants, and might otherwise have much impeached him in his design. Both these parties did their Offices in the space of two days, the Colonel Ferte Imbaut, having first taken in three small Forts which stood upon the way, than the Castle, de Maule, which was defended by a good Garrison, and some pieces of Cannon, and lastly the Fort d' Esper legue, which after the departure of 36 Walloons, 10 Spaniards, and 150 peasants, was committed to the care of the Governor of Ardres, who put into it an Officer with 80 soldiers, which promised to keep it eight days, or till 1000 Cannon shot were made against it, though it should be surrounded with the Enemy's Army. The Marshal himself defeated, the 700 Peasants which guarded the causey-wayes, took in the Fort de Mewfosse, or Newdike, and the Abbey of Clermarais; and to leave no rub in the way, Hallier took the Abbey of Watiene, where the Count de Fountain lay, and had much ado to save himself, whilst for a conclusion at the last hour, and at the same time, the marquis de la Ferte took by assault Saubrevit, and Chastillon Sommeline, by the surprise whereof Saint Omars was fully blocked up.  
A fair house well sited, 
The descripti-of Saint Omars.  and fitted with competent demesnes, never wants clamours in the propriety: nor a rich well qualified Virginsuiters: such was the conditions of Saint Omars, a place of as much pleasure as consequence, yet giving pregnant testimonies of both, to compass which, the French left no stone unmoved, nor the Cardinal Infant to preserve it.  
This City a part of the Territories, of the ancient Morines subdued by julius Caesar was begun by a Bishop of Therovenna, who built there a Monastery called by his own name, and by his supposed sanctity (devotion in that time of superstition, commonly causing a confluence of people) made it very populous. It is at this present reckoned in the second Rank of the Cities of Flanders, well flankered and fortified, being in the territories of France, of stately building throughout the Abbey, especially which is the richliest endowed of all the Covents in that country. The French Marshal that he might have more freedom to settle his Army before it, May 18, 28. gave order to 1000 horse, 
The order of the siege.  and 1200 foot, to repair unto his head quarter, the same day by noon, but his men not meeting at the peremptory hour, he deferred his design till the day following; his intention being to be master of a Ferry, by which passengers were transported into the City. It was an attempt of a great spirit, with so small a number, without defensive coverture, to encounter with almost as many, who had immured themselves with earthen walls, and were by that means almost shot-free. Two Regiments of Scots and Walloons, were appointed by the Prince Thomaso to guard the place, which perceiving the French almost upon them, spent their powder prodigally, against the assailants which in fine, forced them to leave their Trenches, and cast themselves disorderly into a Ferry-boat, and seven or eight other Bottoms which they had prepared for their use, and so prevented them of their purpose, which was to entrench themselves there, that they might keep the way open for importation of men, and victuals into the City. This Rub thus taken away, and the French Army reinforced with 27 new Companies, the lines of circumvallation were drawn out, june 2, new style, which though they were of so large an extent as five leagues in compass, the pioneers with the help of the common soldiers promised to finish, or at the least make defensible, in the space of eight days, if they were not disturbed by the Spanish Army.  
Five or six days passed without any action commenced by the Spaniard against the Assailants: 
A French captain of horse; surprised by Forgatz.  and then Forgatzs the Crabat, with his Regiment was advanced to air a place, two leagues and a half distant from Saint Omars; where having nottice, that a French Captain of Horse by name Vitenwall, was scouring the field, accompanied with twenty men at Arms, he sent out 200 horse against them, who defeated the French Cavallary, and having first deadly wounded him, took the Captain prisoner. This achievement prompted the Crabats to an higher attempt, which was to assault the Quarter of the marquis of Ferte Imbaut, which they did, with 200 men, boldly though not happily, these being beaten back to the gross of the Regiment, which was affrighted, if not endangered upon this occasion.  
Chambot a Captain of Horse, and Valliere a Cornet to the Field-marshal, had been abroad with 200 men of Arms; who upon their return, were within a quarter of a league of the marquis his Quarter, 
Forgatz defeated.  at the time when it was assaulted by the Crabats, when hearing the Alarm, they spurred up to help their Comrades, and overreaching the Arriere of the Crabats in their retreat, pursued them to the place, where their companions expected them, when Forgatz (as fear always presents the worst of dangers to the imagination) supposing himself caught in a trap, and dreaming of an Ambuscado, fled confusedly, leaving 30 of his soldiers slain by the French Cavallters, and himself pursued to the gates of Air his Garrison.  
Fortune this day played her own part, and shown apparently her mutability. The same time june 9, 19 two Regiments that d'Espagny and Fouquesoles, were commanded by the French Marshal to march to Momclin, or the Feroy-fort, to secure it from the Spaniards; but the next way not serving for the portage of their Wagons and Baggage, 
Saint O murs succoured by Prince Thomaso.  they were forced to take a compass of two leagues, and in the way, re-encountred with Prince Thomaso, attended with 2000 horse, and 4000 foot, who enclosed them with his troops, and with the losses of above twenty of them, amongst which was the second son of the Campmaster d'Espagny, who was wounded, & made a prisoner with his third son, Lieurenant to his brother, and Fouquesoks forcing them to yield upon composition, thrust in 800 fresh men into the City, which were carried over in boats, by the channels out out through the Morasse, sent from the City to that purpose.  
One place is sometime fortunate to one party, and fatal to another. By the same way which the Prince Thomaso reinforced the Garrison Piccolomini, in the beginning of july, relieved it with victuals, and Ammunition; the French Army by june 5, 15. had fortified themselves in their earthen walls. Chastillon had his Quarter at the head of the Morasse. Hallier had his next to the Marshal, and so the rest of the Colonels respectively. Three strong Redoubts were built in the place betwixt the Ferry and Hallier: Two Forts upon the plain of Nieube; the Marshal la Force, was come to the Camp with his Army; the batteries were raised, the Ordnance played, the Town was so strait besieged, that there was neither ingress nor egress for any; Famine began to rage's within, 
Saint Omars relieved by Piccolomini.  the inhabitants and presidiaries were in three weeks brought to a small allowance of meat, and that none of the best, the powder and Ammunition began to fail, the French seemed as full of fire and courage, as their stomaches were of victuals, and before the victory, sang an Epinition. But july 4, 14. the Scene altered, Piccolomini projected a way to relieve it, and by the courage of Sergeant Major Norris, who that day commanded an English Regiment, and led the Avantguard in the Expedition, performed it. It is thus related by Letters from Antwerp, and reported to me by an English Gentleman who was in the Action.  
Piccolomini directed the General Norris with the English, an Italian and Walloon Regiment to attend as near the Ferry as they could, without being discovered, whilst himself with his forces might either amuse Hallier, or with advantage assault him in his Quarters. The English Commander took the charge upon him, and while the Italian Count with skirmishes and pretences of a sharp battle held the French in play, conveyed (at noon day) 1000 men, 300 barrels of powder, and as much Bread, Cheese, and Bacon, as loaded 400 Wagons by land, by Boat into the City; which being afterward made known to the French Field-marshals, as loath to consume themselves there, they retired orderly towards Ardres; with the loss of their hopes of gaining Saint Omars, 
The siiege is raised,  getting a small victory upon the Prince Thomaso Colleague to Piccolomini in this action, in his return cutting off 1500 of his men; and seizing of 1200 of his horse, which they sent the next day to Calis.   

Further Occurrences in the upper Germany.  
April the first new style, was the day when the Saxon Duke first raised a bank before Freyburg. Some other pieces stood in his way, and he spent a few days to take them in, before he pitched his Camp there, though there wanted no inducements to persuade him to hasten thither as namely the situation of the place, it being an inlet into Switzerland from Swaben, a false report of a slender garrison, the weakness of the fortifications, and the Imperial preparations against him, Goetz being already upon his march with those forces which he had under him, to meet the General Walh and his troops, and the Duke of Bavaria, who was forming of an army about the Danuby, and was expected in person with the Duke de Savelli, to bring it down to Nordlingen; the general Rendezvous of the Caesareans and Bavarians, which were jointly to oppose him.  
The Castle of Roetele or Rotelen, the Key of the Marquisate of Dourlack, guarded with 70 Presidiaries, was the first place which presented itself to his eye, March 27, 7. the Duke of Weymar summoned it, and next Sunday being Palme-sunday carried it, forcing both the Commander and the Soldiers to yield upon discretion. The Castle was well provided of Ammunition, and that with the Citadel, though he might justly have reserved it to his own use, he gave to the marquis of Dourlach, who was then in the Camp, and by this atchieument seemed to gain a new possession, and re-investiture into his inheritance which he had been deprived of, ever since the fatal battle of Nordlinguen.  
The day of this conquest seemed to bring as good an Augury to the growing hopes of the marquis, as the Palm which grew at the feet of Caesar's Statue did to him before the battle in Pharsalia, though he was newly possessed of this fort, he would not make his personal abode there, but committed the keeping of it to some selected soldiers, and himself accompanied the Army which hitherto went on prosperously. Rosa was commanded immediately toward the Danuby, where he encountered and discomfited one Company of Imperial Horse, and a Regiment of Crabats, and a thousand Horse, and some Foot were sent back toward the Rhine to make head against Charles Duke of Lorraine, and young Mercy who were coming with a Convoy of 40 Wagons loaden with Corn and Salt to re-victuall Brisack whom they defeated, and thereupon took in Newenburg a place of good strength upon the River (but then abandoned by the Imperialists who were fled from thence for fear of the Duke's forces) and then having laid in a competent Garrison returned to the Army, which by that time was newly set down before Freyburg.  
The siege here was of more difficulty than was at first imagined: 
The siege and taking of Freyburg.  The Town was well fortified with a strong wall and deep ditch, well manned with 900 resolved soldiers, and inhabitants as resolute for the defence of the City as were the men of War. The field afforded no convenient place, where the Duke might plant his Ordnance for battery: The Town was abutted withthree Suburbs which he first took in, and after employed them to that service: There he mounted his Cannon, which by often discharging made an assaultable breach in the wall, and then he gave order for the assault, which was undertaken by his soldiers cheerfully; but not successfully. The Ditch was deeper than it was supposed, the scaling Ladders were too short to reach the lowest part of the broken wall, the besieged of all sorts, Religious persons, old men, women, & children repaired thither, to make it good against the assailants, and with musket shot, stones, Grenadoes, and wild fire beat them off, having slain the Lieutenant Colonel to whom that service was entrusted, and forty common men besides our worthy Country man and resolute Gentleman Master Thomas Cambell, whose story is thus related to me by Captain john Scot who was a coactor, and had command in the Army at that Expedition. 
A worthy adventure of two English Gentlemen, but unfortunate.  A Lieutenant by name sandeland's being upon the top of the Ladder, seeing the hearts of the ordinary men to fail, looking back, called to Cambell, second me, let us not lose the Honour which our Nation hath purchased with blood, which he did; these Colleagues in that service, assisted only with two Dutch Soldiers, and a Scottish Sergeant of the Red Regiment, behaving themselves so bravely, that in despite of the defendants, they scaled the breach, slew some of those, which maintained it, and put the Burghers into such a Fear, that as they confessed afterwards, they had then begged quarter, had they not at the instant perceived the small number of the assailants. But an Apoplexy is cured by a Fever, Anger doth chase away Fear, and now offended with themselves, for starting at a shadow, the Soldiers and Townsmen came on furiously, wounded both sandeland's and Cambell, who for all this went on and sent one soul more to Charon's Ferry, when a Country Gentleman marking how bravely Cambell behaved, shot, and wounded him mortally, throwing him not yet dead barbarously into the midst of a burning pile, which was ready for their defence, sandeland's in the mean time retiring, and though charged by the Enemy returning safely, by the valour of a Soldier, who with his Pistol kept the sealing ladder, for his safe Retreat.  
Duke Bernherd was not a little moved with this loss, yet as the purest spirits are most active, in the heat, reneweth and increaseth his batteries, lengtheneth his ladders, and prepares for a fresh assault. The preparations of a potent Adversary are terrible to a weak one, he was observed by the Garrison, and without more blows the Town capitulated, and was surrendered Ap. 5, new style. Thus this City once the Metropolis and Capital of the Brisgow, at this present more glorious, though not so strong as Brisack, changed her Lord; a City famous for the Academy, famous for excellent Rock, Crystal, some of it being of that bigness, that a cup thereof, containing two English quarts artificially engraven, and two dozen of Spoons were presented to Duke Bernhard, famous for 20 rich and sumptuous Cloisters, and lastly for the goodly church and tower of curious stone.  
The conditions concluded at the surrendry (which I would not have rehearsed but upon the occasion following) were these, That all the Priests should march away with the commander, officers and soldiers. That no Burger of what quality soever should departed. That those which went away should have a convoy of horse, etc.  
The breach of the second article had like to have exposed all to the conquerors mercy: A rich merchant was found in the wagons, and thereupon the convoy pillaged them, and brought both him and the rest back as prisoners to Fryburg.  
Thus captain john Scot relates this accident: but a letter directed to Rhinacker from duke Bernh. (the copy whereof I have seen both in French & Dutch) expresseth more: take it thus abstracted:  
Yours, dated at Brisack, April 6, 16. I have received; wherein you complain of an abuse done to the garrison of Freyburg at their departure, and desire a release of the prisoners belonging to your regiment. A copy of the accord I have sent you here enclosed, by which you may perceive that Colonel Esher the late Governor there broke it in the beginning; first because in the articles he had no colours and standards, yet he caused four to be carried away before the garrison. Secondly, the garrison should not pillage the town, yet he took away the townsmen's horses, plundered the cloisters, and mounted the cavaliers which wanted horses, upon the Burgher's beasts. Thirdly, their desire to carry away some cattles, was expugned and denied by us, yet they attempted to drive away many. Fourthly, That such as had run away from our army with their horses and arms, should abide therein: yet contrary to the accord, they were not only concealed in the wagons, their  being changed, and shuffled away over the wall, but the imperialists got upon their horses and would have stolen them away, and this caused a broil betwixt the convoy and the garrison, and the reducement of the Caesarians to captivity.  
It was a fair answer, and relished as much of military justice, as his after act did of grace; he set them at liberty without ransom, meekly blaming the convoy, and advising Escher to use more sincerity in observing the terms of capitulation.  
The city was won, and now he adviseth how to keep it: first he laid into it the red Regiment, with one captain and officer of each company; but having notice that the enemy with a powerful army was coming to furnish Brisack (at which he had an emulous eye) with victuals, he removed the Red Regiment, and appointed Karosky to that province, with a regiment of horse to scour the ways betwixt Fryburg and Brisack; and another of foot to maintain the city. And now to omit his several Camping and discamping, which may puzzle, cannot please the Reader, we will set down his and his Officers actions till his battle with Goetz the General of the Caesarian and Bavarian forces.  
Kanofsky having according to the duke's directions commanded out a party towards Brisack, 
5 regiments of Butler's Infantry defeated by Kanossky.  six of his cavaliers spurring up before the avantgard, fell upon the place where our Irish Butler, newly come from the French County, lay with his Infantry, consisting of fifteen hundred men divided into 5 regiments, lay entrenched near Brisack. The governor Rhinacker for want of provisions being unwilling to entertain them, they had thought to have amazed them by a sudden alarm, and unexpectedly to have surprised them; but the project failed, that place did not give them hope of glory, but ministered cause of fear. Yet their moderation crowned them with a victory, whose rashness might have brought them not to loss only but ignominy. The imperialists kept a good watch, were upon their guard, and enforced the adventurers to fly so affrightedly, that their countenances discovering their hearts, the whole vanguard was possessed with the same cold passion, and all the other cavaliers. The troops of Kanofskies' horse were then upon a cosse-way, hemmed in on both sides with Moorasse, not able to turn to the right hand or left: there was only one way for their safety, which was with their faces about to return as soon as might be. This course they took, and the Caesarians supposing them to fly cowardly, pursued them eagerly, till having field room, and being not confined by the Moorasses, they changed their posture, and assaulting their enemies unexpectedly, they flew three hundred of them, and took no more than 26 prisoners (amongst which were two Captains, 3 lieutenants and one ensign) for they would give no quarter to any but this small number.  
General Major Tupadel about the same time had sent out a party after some Caesarians, 
120 Cuirassiers surprised by Tupadel.  but missing them they re-incountred with 30 cuirassiers near Aurach in the dukedom of Wirtemberg, which presently fled, and were so pursued that the Saxons forces entered with them into Aurach so suddenly, that they took the town before the rest of the garrison (being an hundred cuirassiers, whom they put to the sword) could have notice of their entry, or betake themselves to the castle.  
Roza at the same present was as active and fortunate as either of them: he sent abroad 300 horse of his own Regiment to descry the enemy, and observe his posture; who first met with 80 crabats, the major part whereof fell by the sword (that Nation seldom giving or desiring quarter) and the rest were taken prisoners, by whom he was informed, that another party followed him, consisting of 120 cuirassiers: 
200 Crabats and 6 Companies of Dragons slain and taken by Rosa.  the certain place where they lay was showed him, and thither he posted in speed, slew some and defeated the rest: and being informed by his prisoners, that eighty of their comrades were at Altkirken, an Imperial town in the dukedom of Wirtemberg, to conduct six companies of Dragons, with their standards and baggage to the Barbarian Rendezvous near Nordlingen; he placed an ambuscado for them, attended their coming four and twenty hours, when seeing them upon their march they charged them so roundly, they they slew the most of them, gained all their baggage, amongst which were two carvaches and four standards. The Major which commanded the regiment (their Colonel Wolf being slain at the first battle near Rhinfelden) escaped with much ado, being shot twice across the body. The Lieutenant Colonel and all the officers became prisoners of war, and Rosa by this happy occasion master of Altkirken, where he refreshed his Dragons, and reinforced his Regiment with a new accrewt of 400 men, as did also most of his highnesses Colonels about the same time.  
These checks the Imperial and Bavarian Armies received before the battle; 
Altkirken taken in.  which much abated their number, whilst the Saxon Dukes forces increased, a new supply both of men and victuals being brought him out of France and Elsas Savern by the Count de Guebriant.  
Many cares attend him which enjoyeth much. 
Io. de Werth removed into France.  The Duke had now two things which required his vigilant eye, the safe keeping of his prisoners, john de Werth and Erkenfourt, and the anticipating of Goetz for his intended victualling of Brisack. The first the Christian King took from him, by sending for the prisoners and carrying them to Boys S. Vincents, distant about three leagues from Paris.  
The other burden lay upon the Duke's shoulders, who in the end of May understanding that Goetz lay encamped near Rothywel and Villinguer, marched thitherward with four great Cannons, twelve field pieces, nine thousand foot and four thousand horse, to give him battle. But Goetz, who laboured more to revictual Brisack before the battle, than after, being advertised of his march, discamped presently, and removed to the Schwartz-Waldt, that he might more covertly perform his task, lending his provisions through the valley of Kintzinguen and town of Offemburgh. And at that time he relieved the Brisackers with corn enough for 4 or five days and no more; only 150 of his Cavaliers entering into the town, each with a bag of meal behind him. Goetz himself still delining the battle, and shifting from place to place, one part of the Imperial army taking its way toward Constance, the other following their General toward Hailbrunne.  
The Saxon duke was busy all june in seeking his enemy, 
400 Crabats slain & routed by D. Serub.  but could not find him, but was in danger to have been found himself by 400 crabats, who being advertised that the Duke was lodged in a small village named Brombach, with a small retinue, thought to have surprised his person. But the Duke was not ignorant of their design, and sending incontinently to the gross of his army, which was not far off, his succours came in so opportunely, that he surrounded the wood where the crabats lurked, put 200 of them to the sword, and routed the rest utterly. The enemy not yet appearing, the Swedes made an inroad into the Black forest, and at one time brought to the camp 1000 oxen, which the duke caused to be fed in the meadows for his use.  
But at length the opposite armies met and joined battle, july 9 new style, wherein the duke was crowned with a glorious victory. The particulars whereof because they fall not within the prescribed time for this history, I shall refer to another discovery, wherein our Swedish Fabius Bannier, who hath without blows ruined the great Imperial and Saxon armies, and the rest of those Heroes, whose worthy acts are not here expressed, shall be remembered at large, and have their history continued to this present day.  
Here I would make a concluding period, but the siege of Fontarabie must have an abortive birth in the relation, as it had a prodigious end in the action.    

CHAP. IU. The siege of Fontarabie.  
HOw uncertain the issues of War be, if there were no other Example left, this story alone, might sufficiently testify: never was Expedition undertaken more cheerfully, the Nobles and Gentry of Guienne, and the South of France, engaging themselves therein voluntarily, never was an adventure made more gloriously, begun more auspiciously, nor continued more fortunately, till the last Act, and yet there is scarce a Record of any which ended more fearfully.  
The Prince of Conde appointed by the Christian King as General, accompanied with the Dukes d' Espernon, de Valette de S. Simon, the Marquis de la Force & other men of eminent note, 18000 foot & 7000 horse, was to attend this business by land, and the Archbishop of Bordeaux with a good Navy by Sea, the Coast of Provence committed to the sole care of the Earl of Hartcourt, and the Archbishopric not engaged therein: 
Two Dunkirks men of War taken at Port du passage.  Fortune at first attended them both by Sea and land, the Admiral, june 30. july 10, took two Dunkirk men of War, transporting of soldiers to the Port du Passage, kept the Bottoms for the King his Master's service, and sent the prisoners, to Bayon. The Prince before that day had removed all the Remora's which might hinder him, taken in Iron, Viarson, Renteria, Joys, the Port du passage, 
Divers places taken by the Prince of Conde.  Charlon the Castle upon the Harbour, where he mounted his Cannon, and began to play upon the Town, july 3, new style, which struck off a Pinnacle from the Castle, and beat down some houses, and then having sent a Trumpet to summon Bechare the principal Town in the Valley of Seringueville, he began his approaches and Earthen Fortifications. The Garrisons and Inhabitants tugged with death, and danger to hinder their entrenching, but could not: july 10 new style, they sallied forth upon the pioneers, and spent four volleys of Cannon shot upon the Camp, but were forced to retire. The next day there issued through the Sally-port, 100 men well armed in battle array, seconded by as many others with Pickaxes and Spades to raise the Trenches, but were surprised by a Regiment of French, whose charge was to guard the labourers: who slew above 120 of them, and wounded many others, constraining as many as could to fly in a disorderly confusion.  
Bechare thus summoned, 
Bechare summoned, & not yielding.  the inhabitans sent a a Drum to the Prince, july 4, 14. to tell him that they had order from their Viceroy, to maintain the Town for the Catholic King, and that they hourly expected the succours which he had promised them, His Excellency being fully resolved to relieve them. The Prince incensed with this answer, gave order instantly to the Duke De Saint Simon, to draw 1000 foot, and six Cornets of horse, out of the body of the Regiments, 
The Duke de S. Simon hath order to enforce it.  and with those troops, and one piece of Cannon to compel them, giving leave to the Soldiers to use them with all hostility, that they might be exemplary to others.  
The next day, july 5, 15. the Duke Saint Simon, marched from Iron, with his designed troops of Horse and Foot, these being commanded by Marin an Aid de Camp, Mun, Bevidu, Beaupuy, and Merinville Camp-masters, and encamped at Sarra the last Town of France, where he met with Amon Grand Bailiff of the Country de Labour, who presensented him with 300 Basques ready for his service. Here, by advice of the Counsel of War, he appointed Amon to survey the ways, and make them fit for the portage of his Cannon, furnishing the Basques with Axes, and other tools for that service, and then himself, with the Army marched after them.  
No Enemy, which could oppose him, was yet expected, 
Encounters 1200 Spaniards  yet it was suspected, that such an one there might be, and Marine with a 100 foot Perdus, was sent to see if any such appeared. He had scarce traveled half a league upon the Spanish ground, but he spied two Battalions of the Spaniards upon a Mountain eastward from Bechara, prepared to fight, as he judged, by their orderly march and shouts, like those which are usual when battles join. Nor did his conjecture fail him; a selected party drawn out of the Spanish body, which consisted of 1200 men, came up to him roundly, charged upon him furiously, and were received bravely, and after them followed the Gross of the Army, which had doubtless surprised him, had not the Duke de S. Simon come in happily to his Rescue. And here began an hot fight, wherein the Commanders of both sides shown both courage and dexterity, 
Defeats them.  yet in the end came off with victory, and though the Infantry was tired, and some of their Cavallary, as well as of the Spanish slain, they forced the Foe to fly over the Mountains, where (not knowing the ways) which of themselves are rough and uncouth, they could not follow them. This brunt being past, 200 of his Basques were sent to burn and pillage Bechara, 
Burneth Bechara.  which they did so expeditiously, that in four hours' space the Town was burnt to ashes, maugre the resistance of the inhabitants, & 300 Castilians, which laboured to preserve it, though these last were martial men drawn out of the old Bands, and the Nobility of the Frontier Towns. The Duke thus rid of the Spanish forces, and sufficiently avenged of Bechara, intended to Rally up his forces, and pursue the late Enemy into the Valley of Saque, but understanding that the Grand Prior of Navarre was at Saint Estefe, but half a league off with 3000 men, he changed his mind and marched to Challar and Sourgaramourdi, where he summoned the inhabitants which came in, supplied him with victuals, promised obedience to the Christian King, and assured him that they of Saques had burned the Magazine, which the Grand Prior of Navarre, had erected there, for the maintenance of his forces, and so returned to Sarra.  
The Duke was no sooner disengaged of his charge abroad, but the Prince of Conde was engaged in another at the Camp before Fontarabie, or Fuente Rabia. Three thousand Spaniards were brought from Saint Sebastian's by Sea in Pinnasses and Shallops, and landed at the Port du passage, but covered from the Garrisons eye by a Mountain betwixt the Sea and them, their intention being to regain the place, as appeared afterwards by an Adviso found about their Commander from Madrid, wherein he was enjoined to recover it, if it were possible, and to assault it, 
3000 Spaniards defeated near Fontaraby.  in what state soever he found it: It was a desperate attempt, so near an Army Royal, to adventure with so few men upon a place of such consequence, nor was the Chieftain insenfible of it, his most familiar friend, confessing after the French victory, that upon the march, he rounded him in the ear, saying, we march to our death; yet this task was enjoined him, and he to show his loyalty to his King and Country undertook. But though the attempt was desperate, it was not impossible, he might perhaps have attained his end, if he had not been discovered by 200 sailors, which were employed by the Archbishop of Bourdeaux, to mend the Vessels lately taken from the Dunkirk, who perceiving them climb the Hill as they were at work, fled presently, and were pursued to the Barricadoes of the Camp, which these Spanish troops assaulted in seven places, till the Prince of Conde who was there in person, drew his forces together which changing these Adventurers home slew 11 of their Officers, above 600 common men, wounded their Chieftain, and took him prisoner, forced the rest to use their heels, & pursued them to the Mountains and Cliffs of Saint Sebastian.  
During this fight by land another happened by Sea, where the Seamen sped no better than their Land-men: six Spanish Pionasses, 
And two Spanish ships sunk  and 12 Vessels of burden fell upon eight ships, which the French still kept before Fontaraby; but after a fight of 2 hours, two of the biggest Spanish Bottoms being sunk, the rest hoist sail, and with the help of a fair wind recovered Saint Sebastian's.  
The Prince by this found no opposition abroad, he had free liberty, and freely used it, to apply himself to the siege, whereby he brought the Town to extreme necessity, but how successful the Catastrophe was, though the French will not, a Spanish Capuchin, by his Relation penned modestly, like an Historian, though with some interlarded superstition, and printed at Madrid, Sept. 2, 12 will inform you.   

The Siege of Fontaraby raised.  
A Relation written from the Camp by Father Friar Francis of Tarrazona, Reader of the Arts in the Convent of Capuchins of Pampelona, unto Father Guardian of the Capuchnis of the Convent of Zaragosa.  
FAther Guardian. Seeing that the receipts of benefits are the pledges of thankfulness, it could not seem just in me if I should omit to amplify my thankfulness to your Paternity by not declaring and imparting unto your knowledge so singular a blessing, and so full of divine mercies, as was our late Victory whereof I have been an eyewitness and now shall make a plain narration without compliments, addressing myself to truth only, which shall be sufficient to incite your Paternity to exercise your devotion in a serious and affectionate thanksgiving. The great strait and difficulty in which the French held the strong Town of Fontaraby is not unknown to your Paternity, and how our Council of War had resolved to relieve it so soon as sufficient forces might be raised to encounter with so great an Enemy though the execution was most dangerous. Upon Tuesday August 21/31. the Lord Admiral of Castille, and the Marquis of Veles Generals of the Forces of Navarre, and Guiapuscoa resolved to relieve it, their Army consisting of 16000 Foot and 600 Horse, which to that purpose being divided into 3 Squadrons, the Lords Generals with the gross of the Army marched to the descent of a hill which is situated and runneth from the gate of the passage unto the Fort, and there mounted 8. Pieces of Artillery in the place where the Marquis of Mirtaca was enquartered with the third part of the Conde Duke's Army and the Irish forces. By the descent of the valley the Marquis of Torrecusa marched with a good Squadron of Soldiers, and Don Piedro Giron with 2000 Foot marched towards Irun where the Enemy was fortified. In this posture was the Army the 20/●0. of August with purpose to relieve the besieged the next day following by 4 of the clock in the morning: But it pleased the Almighty (not without a mystery as it appeared afterwards) to frustrate their resolutions by this occasion. The night following was tempestuous with Lightning and thunder, and the clouds dissolved into rain which fell without intermission the space of five days: The valley was bare of wood and trees, and near the Sea, and the toilsomeness of that night is inexpressible, our travel so much increasing that we could not secure our lodgings nor make Barracadoes, but for want of wood we were forced to discampe, the General's compassionating the Soldiers licensing them to retire and refresh themselves in the places next adjoining.  
The Lord Admiral and the Marquis of Veles were in the Sally from Monday to Friday, when the rain not ceasing and the waters descending to a place called Tezo they commanded the Artillery to retire, that the Soldiers leaving their Tents in good order might be refreshed: By which means the valley became so desolate, that they much feared the Enemy would sally forth upon those which remained behind thus harazzed and wearied with the rigour and extremity of the weather.  
The foulness of the weather overjoyed the Enemy, which thence concluded, that God assisted them against the Spaniards, arming the Heavens to cross their intentions: and to this purpose, the Prince of Conde sent a cartel to the Governor of Fontarabie, the sum whereof was, That to show himself a merciful and Catholic Prince he advised him to render the place, offering him that honourable Quarter, which could no ways impeach his Honour who had so long maintained the place, and so valiantly, and that the rather because all hope of succours was now taken from him, the General's being already retired: and that he was not ignorant of his want of Soldiers, ammunition, and Victuals, by which the besieged should be enforced to yield: which if they refused to do of their own accord, they would be exposed to the edge of the Sword, the Commander should be made shorter by the head, and the rest used with such cruelties as happen in cases of assault, the Officers not being able (though willing) to restrain the fury of their Soldiers.  
Don Doming Leguia a Knight of Biscay then Governor of Fontarabie, answered well in the courage of a great Soldier, as the Gentilizza of a Courtier, approving the advice, and returning due thankes for the offered courtesy and counsel: but in the point of impossibility of succours he was not dis-harted there being nonecessity thereof, nor himself being less confident to keep the place than he was before, being already provided and abundantly furnished of all things whereof his Excellency supposed him to be destitute, and for the point of losing his Head, he was confident no such disaster could befall him, resolving rather to dye like a valiant Soldier, then to become a Prisoner and have his head cut off, and what he believed impossible to win he had no cause to fear, his praesidiarie Soldiers being resolved to oppose the valour of the Besiegers.  
The Prince of Conde being moved with this answer, caused 3 assaults to be made, in which diverse of the French were slain, and upon Saturday the 4. of September New style, they advanced so fare as within 30 foot of the height of the wall, but they were all slain two excepted, which infected those which should have beaten them on and seconded them, with such a contagion of fear, that they forbore to assault the Garrison.  
The Admiral the Archbishop of Bordeaux assisted with 30 other Bishops came thither also, who hindered the importation of any succours into the City by Sea: and he seeing the place not surrendered after so many assaults, told the Prince of Conde that he appeared an unexperienced Soldier, to make so many assaults from the Baletta with so small reputation, intimating that he would have the place assaulted upon the Birth of our Lady, by 4 of the clock in the morning, but the Prince opposed saying, that the Archbishop was General at Sea, and that it did not concern him to intermeddle with the affairs by Land. Hereupon ensued more contention occasioned by the Duke, and d' Espernon siding with the Archbishop: and upon the overture the Prince of Conde hasted to renew the assault for the respect he gave the Archbishop: but his Highness entering into a more serious consideration, and judging (not without reason) of the various events of War, especially our men being courageous, and well fortified, intending to disengage himself from the obligation wherein he was involved, in an angry mood replied to the Archbishop, that being general at Sea it did not concern him to give the assault by Land, and that he would not lose the glory of the assault which properly belonged to his place. To appease all, his Highness prepared a mine which he intended to spring upon the Vigil of our Lady, and placed therein 29. barrels of Gunpowder, by which no doubt a great part of the wall would have fallen, it being torn by other mines and batteries: To effect it the Archbishop commanded out the ablest Soldiers in the Navy, and promised 4000 Doblons should be distributed amongst the adventurous which should first make the assault the most courageously and readily. The assault was made in 4 places, the French being confident that the Town would be rendered when the mine was sprung by reason the defendants were but few, and they grew weary by toil and unable to hinder their approaches.  
Hitherto God was pleased that we should suffer, but upon Sunday at 5. of the clock the rain ceased and the weather holding up, our Generals placed all their forces in the same posture wherein they had been formerly ranged a League from the Enemy. Upon Monday at night the Generals assembled at the place called Lezo, desirous to secure the Town with all expedition, for the day before some sallied out of it, to certify them that if they were not relieved within 3 days the French would be Masters thereof: and thereupon they resolved to assail the Enemies upon Tuesday the Vigil of our Lady.  
The time did not then serve to muster the forces, but it is supposed that 3000 were lost by the deluge of rain and waters. Upon Tuesday in the morning the troops were divided into 3. squadrons. By the descent of the hill which runneth from the passage to the City was the marquis of Mortara with 2000 of the Conde Duke, the Irish, and others, 1000 Navarrois, and Provincials, who were so ordered and quartered, that the right wing of the Vanguard should consist of a third part of the Conde Duke his Regiment. The Battle and Rear should take up the other people amounting in all to 4000 with some Companies of Horse.  
At the lowest part of the hill to the Southward lay the Lord Admiral of Castille and the marquis of Veles with the gross of the Army, with the Master of the Camp General the marquis of Torrecusa with 2000 selected and choice Soldiers of Don Fausto de Ludioso.  
The ablest Soldiers were disposed in the most eminent places, that the Enemy might not be able to cut off our forces. On the other side of Irun marched Don Pedro Giron with 2000 men, the most of them Castilians with the Campe-master Sebastian Granero General of the Artillery, and a troop of Horse to possess the most eminent places about Irun, and to hinder the succours which might come from any of the French Quarters at Fontarabie. We that were Capuchns divided ourselves into 4 parts distributing ourselves with our companies of the Religious which were then there.  
In this posture we advanced towards the Enemy in front the same day by 4 of the clock in the afternoon, and the marquis of Mortara immediately gained the ascent of the hill whereof he had been Master before but had then willingly abandoned, and now compassing the little hill above, he gained the eminent places until he approached within Musket shot of the Enemy's trenches, from whence he received some round charges. The Horse and Irish wheeled to the left hand towards the Sea to secure themselves from the offence of the Enemy which lay behind the hill.  
The Marquis of Torrecusa immediately seated himself in the secure place below the Hill, after he had gained two Quarters from the Enemy over against a Redoubt situated at the end of the Trench, which was the greatest Fortification the Enemy had. His troops immediately assaulted their Enemies, some with Pikes, others with Sword and Target, and others with Muskets, which broke into a troop of French Horse, forcing them twice to recoil: But the Campmaster General drawing up the Corslets caused his Companies to renew their charges, and joining their Musketeers together, they charged the Enemy so forcibly that he was not able to endure the assault, but gave ground.  
In this first encounter four or 6 men entered the Redoubt fight like Lions, but the Enemy overmatching them in number enforced them to retire. But we returned with such fury to the assault of the Redoubt, that having killed many French we regayned the place at the very point of the Fortification, and though they were many and well defended with artificial and intricate trenches, and a ditch of very great depth, yet they abandoned the place.  
The Enemy's Camp removed itself a Musket shot, the Horse before, and the Foot behind: where they stood amazed whilst you will repeat the Creed 6 times, determining as fare as we could perceive to beat us back, driving them back out of the Redoubt, and assaulting us by troops. But our men being Masters of the place grew so couragious-instant, they charged them so roundly, that they were enforced to turn their backs with much loss at one instant, none of the French appearing alive in their Trenches, but leaving many dead therein, and some Canons of a middle size wherewith they had much endamaged us, Our forces followed the chase. Some of the Enemies that is the Cavallary flying towards Iran, other towards the Sea, the most whereof were drowned, the Tide running with great force and more than ordinary because of the Land waters: we flew many of them when they were up to the middle in water, when they who had entered the small Boats and could not row against the Tide rendered themselves, and with folded hands and mournful voices, cried Vive le Roy de Espagne, God quarter for God's sake: Our Companies hastened towards the Sea in extreme danger to the judgement of all beholders to do our Christian duties in relieving the afflicted, and it was our great good hap, that in so great hazard wherein we were involved our people having less resistance than the poor French, we exercised our Charity to the comfort of those that were at the point of death. Those which fled towards Iran we could not pursue, but if we had but stopped their way only with 200 Musquetiers, without doubt they had been all cut in pieces or become our Prisoners, which was impossible to foresee, we not imagining to have obtained so notable a Victory, our counsels only tending to relieve the Port, not suspecting that so puissant an Enemy, so well fortified in his Trenches would so soon turn his back, though many of them drowned themselves in the passage of Bobia.  
Those of Fontarabie could not sally forth, being reduced to so small a number, which nevertheless if they had done, no doubt they had made a very great slaughter.  
Our Generals met together about 5. of the clock in the afternoon, and entered Fontarabie, where they were received with incredible joy by a people which that day and before had endured so many broils and toils, and had spent all the morning in viewing the Hills a fare off, to see whether the expected succours would come; and were almost past hope, because they could descry no part of them.  
The Lords Generals, like most devout Catholic Princes, went instantly to express their pious acknowledgement of so graat a Victory, and sang Te Deum, which though it was not attended with the greater Music, was done with greater Zeal and affection, Drums, Trumpets, and Artillery, being not necessary for such a Solemnity.  
Their devotions ended, the Lords Generals, saluted the inhabitants with most loving embracements, thanking them in the name of his Catholic Majesty, for their constant Loyalty, by which they had pleased God, and defended their King, and Country.  
Don Pedro de Giron had order to make no assault upon the French Camp, till 4 of the clock in the morning of our Lady Day, but the Enemy fled that Night, and concealed his flight by many false fires. They left behind them much warlike provision, ammunition apparel and riches, not burning the baggage as they intended, and Don Pedro might without resistance have possessed himself of Iran in the morning if he had followed it.  
He that did best for gaining this victory, was the marquis De Torrecusa, with the Navarroyes and Neapolitans. Concerning the Particular Cavallieres I can say little most of them being unknown to me. Some affirm, that Don Francisco de Garro was the first, which entered into the Enemy's Trenches, other say the Earl of Xaviers though he was beaten out again by the blow of an Halberd, which had undoubtedly slain him had not his Gorget saved him. Captain Pedro de Maravidis Knight of the order of Saint james entered also into the same Redoubt, whence he brought away a French Colours having slain the Ensign in sight of the whole Army, others report the ficst that entered to have been Don juan D' Eques a Knight of Navarre, and that a Neapolitan of Valentia charged very bravely.  
There were slain of the French 1200, which were seen floating upon the Son, most of them men of quality as it seemeth by their outward Habit; we lost not many, the general vote is not above thirty, yet the Lord Admiral saith more, nor had we many wounded. The Prisoners taken that day were above 1000 and the number increaseth daily, mamy which had hid themselves in Brakes and Thickets, being compelled abroad by Hunger. It is said, there were 50 of the French Nobility wanting; but that is scarce credible. A French Trumpet came into our Army the Friday following, who affirmed, they had lost 6 thousand men: and being demanded what the French conceived of the Spaniards, he answered; the Spanish are Courageous, and the French want Government: which he meant perhaps of those which betrayed the Cause by their fear and flight; for they could not be ignorant, that their Forces then consisted of two and twenty thousand Foot, 1000 Horse, fifty good Ships well provided, and that a re-enforcement of 6000 men was expected daily from Baiona: the Spanish Army consisting only of 3000 Foot, and five hundred Horse, more or less, and the Enemy being fortified, and we having no place of strength, how could so shameful a flight, and so glorious a Victory be expected? The Booty was great, and the pillage was increased, the Enemy vainly conceiving (according to the relation of a Capuchin prisoner) to win ground upon Fontarabie, and then to fall upon St. Sebastian a place of less importance, and so to pass victoriously throughout all Spain even to Madrill without resistance, which was also believed by them as a matter of faith.  
They came to the Siege very rich in Plate, Gold, costly Lodgings, Pavilions very curiously wrought, Cabinets, and other precious furniture. We seized the Wardrobe of the Prince of Conde, wherein we found much and very rich enameled Plate, and a most rich Ensign of the Order, which was of such estimation, that the next day he sent a Trumpeter to the Admiral of Castille, entreating him to return the Plate and the Golden Fleece and he would allow the true worth thereof for the same. The Archbishop of Bordeaux wardrobe also they seized, and part of his own wearing Apparel, and the four thousand Doublous which he promised to deliver amongst his Soldiers, to encourage them to the assault.  
It is thought he was present in the Camp at the time of the skirmish, and it is not known how he escaped. Because he falls not down towards the Sea, it is thought he betook himself to the Citadel of Saint Elmo, from whence the next day it was observed the French veiled their sails having given fire to their Citadel, cloyed it with Artillery. Their Muskets, Harquebuses, and Pikes were all left in the place being too heavy to bear away and might hinder their escape. Their cassocks of Scarlet, and other of finest cloth with the orders of the Holy-Ghost were very many. One of our Soldiers had 3 of them, and sold one for 16. Royals which was then worth 100 Ducats. The hangings were of unshorn green Velvet broy dere with Gold, embossed with jewels, and tufted with green water Grograynes, buttons of gold and rich galownes. The jewels, chains, watches, and many other rich ornaments, were found upon the dead bodies in the Sea. In such Fishing the Irish were very skilful diving under the waters to find them.  
The Ensigns gained from the enemy were about a hundred, though the Admiral had not so many, many of them were in the hands of particular persons, desirous to place them in their several countries, as Trophies of their Victory: notwithstanding the old soldiers made no account of them, saying, they would only place in their Countries those which were taken and won from the hands of the enemy. The pieces of Artillery which were left, during the Siege, were 23, and many of them Spanish, with the Arms and Names of the Kings of Spain: others affirm that there were many more left, they left there also many barrels of powder, and about three hundred Granades, which made such spoil within Fontarabie; It is a devilish invention, an instrument of war, weighing about 150 pounds of Castille Iron, three fingers thick, with a narrow mouth, fastened with knots, cemented with toe, and this knot lying higher, the powder is moistened and wet, that it may continue a time in the Air, before the report, which afterwards recoileth from the mouth, which penetrating an house, though it hath five floors, it will pass through them all, and pierce through the whole edifice, and hath left the Bullet, which is a little Mortar, with a large mouth, like the Granades, but narrow on the contrary extremity. It is reported they cost 70 Ducats a piece.  
The morning before the battle arrived to the French, 4 or 5 Pinnaces, loaden with White-meats, Wine, Sweetmeats, dainties, and necessary provision, all which was left in the Field, and gave our Army good refreshment. In one of the Pinnaces were 6 pieces of Ordnance, and amongst them one curious piece belonging to the Cardinal Richeleau. The Fleet was only in want of men, most of them leaving the Sea, to give the assault by land, and it remaining at sea, till the day of our Lady's Birth, without a convenient tide, if there we had had but a small Army by sea, we had gained that also.  
The Forts and Walls of Fontaraby, were much ruinated, especially a Curtain called the Queens, which looked towards the Mountain, which being broken by twelve Mines, the breach was so large, that there was no difficulty to enter it, and if we had not erected a rampire or Countermure, fortified and supported with timber, which the demolished houses afforded, we could not well have held it.  
The Artillery did no great damage to the wall, but rather to the Parapelts, on which the Battery was made in four places, by innumerable Cannon shot, for there passed not a day natural (which consists of 24 hours) wherein there were not accounted 1200, and the quantity of the great shot was such, that (as the French observed) our Artillery was cloyed thereby, and could not be of any use to us, without new carriages.  
We had not been so well assured of the place, had we not been assisted by the Women, who were very cheerful, some helping to dig in our trenches, others charging our Muskets with great expedition, and bringing powder and shot in their laps, that we might discharge the oftener, others appareling themselves in the habits of men, having the courage to skirmish with the enemy, wheresoever they should give the assault, with greatest fury, which we daily expected.  
It is affirmed that the marquis of Veles encountered a noble Lady in that posture with her Musket, rest, and white safeguard: who seeing him said, let not your excellency marvel, for every day since the siege, I have discharged two Muskets, but this day more: And immediately she discharged very gracefully, his excellency showing a respective remonstrance of Honour to her feminine valour.  
The Inhabitants of Fonteraby were so feeble, that it was an extraordinary grief to behold: for their houses for the most part were battered, and unserviceable for use or shelter: and they had not above two Quintals of powder, having wasted 800. The French gained many places in Reutoria, where only were remaining, but 15 houses.  
The Covent of Monks were half burnt, ours scarce received any loss at all, before some of the Fathers of Bayona came thither: and when we thought we had lost all, God was pleased to offer us a means of restitution, and by the great piety and affectionate devotion, wherewith the Lord Admiral was pleased to honour us, having vowed to re-edify and repair all the damages of the Monastery caused by destruction of the Buildings; I presented myself to give thankes to his Excellency, who assured me that he had acquainted his Catholic Majesty (whom God preserve) therewith, and hath wrote earnestly to the Conde Duke, praying that it might be put to his account, to repair the damage which the Capuchins had received; whereof his Majesty took notice, and over and beside, undertook to provide some accommodations, which were wanting to the said Fathers, and we own this noble Prince an extraordinary measure of respect, for his favour towards a prisoner of our habit, which was amongst the French: for whom the Prince sent his Trumpeter to Bayon, accompanied with two Fathers of our order: The father Francis Barnard of Pompelona, the Father juan of Loarra.  
Thus fare this Capuchin, who de facto relateth a truth, though he may err perhaps in the circumstances, imputing that to fear, which was in probability occasioned by faction, as may be gathered by the Consequents, which are to be remembered in our next Relation.  
FINIS.   

London Printed for Na. Butter, and N. Bourne. Feb. 6. 1639.  
With Privilege.