Numb. 1.  
THE PRINCIPAL PASSAGES OF GERMANY, ITALY, FRANCE, and other places for these last six Months past, Historically reduced to time, place, and action, till the end of the year 1636, according to the Foreign Computation.  
In which short space you will find much variety of matter, and no small alteration amongst Princes.  
All faithfully taken out of good originals by an English Mercury.  
LONDON. Printed for Nath. Butter, and Nicholas Bourne, February the sixth. 1636.   

To the Readers.  
READERS; I here present you not with News snatched from the mouths of every prattling Athenian, but History confirmed by authentical persons of good credit; and that too, not spun out to a volume, but digested into a compendious form, that it might serve as a conditure to your more serious employments, and neither hinder them, nor cloy your attentions in the perusing; Scrinia de magnis me manus una capit.  
I have not studied to please any particular persons, 
Martial. lib. ● epig. 4.  by complying with the fancies of such, as desire to have every action of that party which they affect best varnished over with glaring colours of commendations; and the designs of the other, slubbered with ignominy: what you read here are, resfactae, non fictae, and where any thing is doubtful, or relisheth of untruth, I have not spared to note the first Inventors. The Papers were first intended for your use, and now come to tender you their personal service. Let me obtain for them a favourable entertainment, without any misconstruction or malignant interpretation. (Improbe facit, qui in libro alieno ingeniosus est.) So shall you encourage me to go on to a new discovery of what is not yet come to your public knowledge, and that speedily. Farewell.  
N. C.   

The Contents.  

THE principal passages of Upper Germany, Chap. 1.  
The passages of Italy and Provence. Chap. 2.  
The passages of Picardy, and of the Card. Infanta there. Chap. 3.  
The passages of Burgundy, and the French County. Chap. 4.  
The passages of the Netherlands. Chap. 5.    

The Passages in upper GERMANY.  
Natural reason, though it may apprehend much by way of composition and division, yet in contingent Future's, such as are the issues of war, it can only conclude probably, never demonstrate scientifically. The sword, a faithful Minister to its supreme Commander, will not return to sheathe itself (what ever man can project to hinder it) till recalled from making slaughter by him which first gave it Commission. The Elector of Saxony having concluded a Peace with Caesar the year last passed, conceived withal, that both his Dukedom and the whole Empire should enjoy a firm universal Peace, and be no longer plundered by any, either intestine or foreign Broils. But this hope was of no continuance, the Conditions of the Treaty were distasted by the Crown of Sweden, the Landgrave of Hessen cassel, Duke Bernhard of Saxon Weymer, and some other Princes of the Empire, and the Electors confederacy, with the house of Austria was the Procreatresse of the Swedes hostility with him.  
The marquis Elector of Brandenburg, and the Duke of Lunenburg stood a while as Neutrals, ceasing from doing offence, either to the Imperial or Swedish party, till by the instigation of the Duke of Saxon, they at last came in and bore Arms against their late friends and confederates, whose powerful alliance had preserved these three Princes especially from utter ruin by the Caesarean Armies. Magdenburg, a City famous of late by her miseries, was the first city of importance or note, against which the Saxons and Imperialists marched: The city was defended valiantly by the Swedes within it, 
Magdenburg surrendered by the Swedes to the Saxons.  for the space of six months siege, and then their expected succours out of Swedland failing, being hindered by a contrary wind, after that by diverse sallies they had slain many of their enemies, much weakened the two puissent armies which besieged it, fortified their Fort at Werben for their more convenient continuance of the war in Saxony, and the march. Brandenburg, upon the supplications of the distressed inhabitants rendered it to the Saxons july 4/14 upon good terms and advantageous conditions, and marched out with their arms and baggage, and two pieces of great Ordnance. The Swedish garrison was conducted to Werben, and three Saxon Regiments were immediately laid into the city, the inhabitants utterly refusing to admit any Imperial Praesidiaries.  
The loss of this city was some prejudice to the Swedish proceed, yet their stout Commanders, who were resolved to forge out their own fortunes, or perish with their armies, held on play still, sometimes getting, and sometimes losing, till the the main Rest at Witstock being won, again advanced their cause more than this loss had slackened it. The Landgrave of Hessen, who always before suspected the Treaty of Prague, and preferred a just war before a perilous and dishonourable Peace: at this time giving care to terms of Peace, lost almost his whole country before he was ware of it. The Imperial army under Goetz, Grava, Gleere, and other Chieftains, did not do him so much damage when he stood upon his guard, as did his own security: He had been often persuaded by the Elector of Saxony, the Duke of Brunswick, and the marquis of Dormstat, to entertain the Articles concluded at Prague, yet could not be induced thereunto; The Bishop of Witzburg in the end sent his Agent to the same effect, who not prevailing for the Main, put in for the Buy, a cessation from Arms for the space of three weeks betwixt his and the Imperial Forces, whilst the Emperor might be wrought to condescend to such propositions as he desired.  
During the time which he appeared in the Field with his armies, he not only preserved the Landgrave from the fury of the Caesareans, but joining his Forces with those Swedish troops under our brave Countryman, the Field-marshal Lesle (whose merit and memory, for that, and other his valiant achievements, will live to after ages, though the circumstances of that particular come not within the verge of this concise History) sheltered also his friends and confederates from the storm which threatened them.  
Hanaw, a city in the Weterawe and nursery of the Evangelicall Religion, 
Hanaw relieved by the Landgrave and the Field-marshal Lesle and the siege raised.  was straight beleaguered by four several Imperial armies, and he, by the military skill of Ramsey the Governor, (a man of whom we may glory, in that his actions there spoke him a true Britain, and no stranger to our English Orb) defended from the insulting Enemy which breathed out threatenings against it, and had promised himself a glorious victory, till the contagion within had deprived him of the one half and more of his fellow defendants, and the Imperial armies without, supplied daily with fresh men, made him not despair of relief, but expect it from abroad.  
In the height of this necessity, the Landgrave having joined his forces, with the Field-Marshal Lesle put in to secure him; and by the prowess of the Commander within, and their happy success without, performed their intent so wishfully, that the Imperial armies, without expectation of gaining the city rose from the siege, and dispersing themselves sundry ways, left it more free than they found it. The Governor, an expert soldier, made use of his liberty, complied immediately with the neighbouring city Frankford, and so prevailed there, by tendering it all observant respects of Vitinage, that he made it, if not a friend, no enemy, though formerly they had stood at terms of hostility: But thriving men seek as much to enlarge their estates, by a new addition, as to enjoy their old ones. To stand in a fair correspondence with that Imperial city, and to do no more, 
Ramsey brings the neighbour countries to contribution.  Ramsey thought it not sufficient; want of victuals during the siege, made him know how necessary they were, and having engaged the Frankforders, not to oppose him in his course, he then by Arms brought the bordering villages to be his Contributaries.  
The marquis of Crana and the Lord Lamboy, which had formerly besieged the city, were countermanded by Caesar to attend the Imperial General Gallas,; the Country near him was not pestered with hostile Arms, and the Governor apprehending quickly how a fortune was cast upon him, if he would follow it, invaded the Archbishopric of Mentz, the Bishopric of Wertzburg, and the Territories of the Landgrave of Dormstat, extorting from them (what they would not have given him willingly) victuals and money. His proceedings with the boors were complained to the Count of Donaw, who thereupon sent his Secretary to Hanaw, to desire a cessation of Arms, with those near States, for the space of three months, who offered that if he might obtain his conditions, that the Garrison in Steinheim, belonging to the Archbishop of Mintz, and that in Fridberg also should be cashiered; some few only reserved for the maintenance of Tillage, the fruit whereof should be lawful prize to the Masters of the Field, whether Swedes or Caesareans, on the North-side of the Main, yet this proposition was not only refused, the Governor perceiving the hostility brought in more profit than quiet, but he proceeded further, took the imperials prisoners wheresoever he found them, dismissed them not without Ransom, and about the midst of july, 
And intereeps a Convoy frō Brusfield to Lamboy.  some of his Soldier's meeting with the Governor of the Fort at Brunsfield (taken the year passed from the Imperialists, by the Count Nassaw Dillingberg, and restored them again, when he accepted the Saxons peace) carrying eleven Ensigns made for the General Lamboy, with this Motto: Tandem bona causa triumphant.  
They set upon the Conduct, slew some of the soldiers that guarded them, and carried away the Colours, saying, That of right they belonged to them in respect of their inscription.  
If that Maxim of the School be true, that the first cause is the cause of all the Products in the same kind: the Landgrave must share in the Governors' honour, his then victorious Arms, giving Ramsey the opportunity thus to compass his desires: Nothing doth man more disparagement, than ungrounded confidence. The Prince in the end, overcome with the Rhetoric of the Bishop's agent, 
The Lantg: looseth most part of his Country.  a Cineas that did more with his words, than the Imperial forces had done with their swords, that he might not appear the singular man, which did oppose the peace, laid by his Arms, and marched into the Bishopric of Paderborne, expecting that this small time of truce, might secure his country for the present, and establish his tranquillity afterwards. His absence from home was quickly reported to the Field-marshal Goetz, whose Army being in a manner dis-banded, at the raising of the siege of Hanaw, and himself gone into Westphalia, was rallyed suddenly upon the report, and apppointed for the spoil of Hassia. The Poles which came down the former year under the Prince Cassimire, had accepted service under him, and were the chief strength of his Army. These men, of which there were 44. Cornets, when Hanaw was relieved, mutined upon the rising of the Imperial Army, and one part taking the way of Binghen, the other of Oppenheim to pass over the , plundered both their friends and foes, without respect of any thing but Pillage. Their journey home again was long, and ofttimes they got nothing by their outrages but knocks: With these desperate reysters, the Imperial Commander (seeing the Lantgraves' confidence) complied suddenly, promised a months pays which they accepting, returned again to their colours, and joined with him in the invasion of Hessen-land, which, no Army appearing to resist them; they were soon Lords of cassel, Zigenheim and Humburg only accepted.  
A Tempest tryeth the Pilot, and apparent danger proves the mettle of a Soldier. The Prince informed of his loss, despaired not, but first resolved, with the few forces he had, to give them battle, and put his fortunes to a day; yet better advising with himself, in the end, concluded to go in person to the united States of the Netherlands, and desire their assistance, 
And goeth to the States for auxiliary Forces.  for Auxiliaries, and till his return, to commit the care of his Country to his trusty servant, the Lieutenant General Melander, and he, though his men were fare unequal in number to the enemies, and could not therefore deal with them in open field, yet casting about to surprise them at advantages, made head against them, kept them at a stand, and about the midst of August, having drawn out the Garrison of cassel, and mustered up some of the Boors, surprised and defeated four thousand of the Field-marshal Goetz his horse at Hirshfield, slew above one thousand upon the place, got sixteen Standards, and brought in diverse prisoners into Cassel.  Est aliquid prodice tenus— 
It could not be expected that he should recover what was lost, it was glory enough for him to preserve the remainder. Goetz with his main Army was yet in that Country where he beleaguered the Fort of Homburg, 
Goetz marcheth toward Paderborne.  a strong place, by the situation upon the top of a mountain, before which having lost the Lieutenant Major his brother, the Colonel Stemaker, and many of his Soldiers, to the number of six hundred, he raised his siege, marched toward Freslar, near Cassel, where leaving three thousand men to make good his conquest himself, with the rest of the Army marched into the Bishopric of Paderborne, Septem. 2. old style.  
The Swedes were not ignorant of the calamities which had befallen the Landgrave, their confederate, so, unexpectedly, and sympathising with him for his sufferings, would have come in willingly to secure him, but that a storm threatened them at the same time, and forced them to call home the Field-marshal Lesle toward the Elve to reinforce themselves against the approaching enemies. 
The Treaty at Lubeck cometh to no effect.  The gesture of the Caesareans confirmed itself to the season of the weather. The beginning of this Summer was attended with a clear sky, & no clouds appeared to promise an after rain, yet suddenly the surface of the Airy element was changed, and water distilled more plentifully from above than was expected, and sometimes so impetuously, that the people made it a question, whether was more prejudicial to the fruits of the earth, the late long drought, or those violent currents of water which fell from above. His Majesty of Denmark had laboured much to establish a peace in the Empire, and no enemy appearing so openly against the Imperial party, as the Crown of Sweden, by consent of Caesar; a supposed Commission was delivered to the Elector of Saxony, to treat with that Nation at Lubeck in the particular: The opening of the sealed Escript discovered, what the Swedes had before conjectured: july 5/15. The agents for both parties met, and the Letters then broken up, restrained the elector from attempting any thing which might prejudice the Empire, or the Imperial dignity, but to search out all ways and means, how by force, the Swedes might be compelled to departed from Germany.  
Oxenstierne, the Grand Chancellor of Sweden stood awhile aghast at this unlooked for amazement, 
Oxensterne embarkes for Sweden.  and first complaining to his Majesty of Denmark, of the affront offered to the Queen his Lady their Sovereign, resolved in the end, to post homeward, that he might advise with the Diet then assembled at Stockholme, for a farther course of pursuing, or ceasing from the war, leaving order in the interim, with the General Banniere, to maintain the glory of the Swedish Nation, and to stand in defierce of Cesar and his adherents, It is no small advantage to be aforehand, the gaining of a place of importance, from a professed foe, may stumble him in the way, though not divert him from his design. Vltzen, a City of no great compass, 
Vltzen taken by the General Banniere,  but of some consequence, did first present itself to his fancy: the Imperial Allies held it, and the Swedes intending to take it in the beginning of August, sat down before it, and upon the 9/10 of the same month, brought it to yield upon composition. Thence he marched to Lumenburg, accompanied and reinforced by the Field-marshal Lesle, summoned it, and his conditions being rejected by the Senate, and the same night made his approaches to the very Moat of the city, though with some loss of his officers and soldiers, and constrained it to an unwelcome Composition; the terms were these: That the Gattenberg should be delivered to the Swedes, and that the City should receive a garrison and Commander.  
Both which particulars were obtained, and the Swedish Goetz was accepted the next day after for their Governor. Thence the General Banniere conducted his Armies to the Fort of Winsen seated upon the Elve, and took it the next day by a stratagem, 
And the Fort at Winsen.  intending first to clear the river, as being more convenient for his the signs than the firm land (this Relation is written from Lunenberg, the Scene of this design, and the particulars expressed so precisely, make the story credible) and this Fort he being master of immediately, rather by policy then power, marched thence toward Havelberg and Werben, to prevent the Saxon and Imperial Armies which were then laying of Bridges over the Elve, intending to make an invasion into the Dukedom of Meckleburg.  
The time to decide the controversy betwixt them with the sword was not yet come. Near Werben the Swedish Army was encamped, where not expecting an Enemy so suddenly, the Swedes. kept not the strict watch they used to do, the General himself taking his recreation, and his absence, though not authorising the Officers to leave their places of charge, yet ministering occasion of a perfunctory care, was near to have brought the Swedes to confusion. The Duke of Saxony having received a Commission from the Emperor, though limited was many Conditions; the 13. 23. of the same month was at Magdenburg in person, taking an oath of allegiance from the Magistrate there to himself, as to the Generalissimo, at which time being certified by his spies, of the Swedes posture, he immediately sent the Colonel unger against them with two Regiments, 
One of the Swedes quarter's raised at Werben by the Col. Vngar and Banniere like to have been surprised.  who arriving at the Camp before the Swedes could well Arm, raised one of the quarters, slew some few of the Soldiers, and had near surprised Banniere himself, who was abroad at hunting with his late married wife: But the Swedes were soon armed, and in the end chased away the Saxon Commander, and the same day encountried with a company of Imperial Bragoones, whom they took prisoners, and conveyed them to Brandenburg.  
Goetz, the Caesarean Field-marshal, in the time of this preparation, had leisure to pursue his Conquests in Hessen-land, and marched thence into Westphalia, where Paderborn, a City yerst in the Imperial, now in the Hasseans hands, presented itself as an object, either of his Conquest or disgrace, if he took it not in. It was a Bishops See, and a good one too; the King of Sweden gloried, that he had brought it under his government, and the Imperial Commander in fine, esteemed it as a piece worthy of a siege. He summoned it, and the Hassean Garrison, fifteen companies strong, returned shot for words, to the great vexation of the Field-marshal, who instantly rounded it with his Army, and after nine hundred Canons shot, and four assaults, compelled the Garrison to yield upon his mercy: 
Paderborne surrendered to Goetz.  And the Garrison consisted of eight hundred men, under the command of the Colonel Girse, Colonel of the white Regiment, who was detained Prisoner, the Captains set at liberty, and the inferior Officers and Soldiers compelled to attend the victorious Field-Marshals colours. Melander, and General major Beckerman were then at Hamme, with eight hundred Horse, but unable to relieve their confederates, stood rather as spectators and attendants upon the issue, than forward assistants to relieve them; and hearing of the fate of the City, dismarched thence to Dorstmund, in Westphalia, giving way to their enemies to march on toward Osnabrug, where they expected, but found not the like success.  
Osnabrug was both well manned and fortified, and Goetz fearing, that if he should besiege it, 
Goetz only appearing before Osnabrugge and dis-marcheth presently to Zoest. which is fired and surrendered.  he should lose time and waste his Army, only looked upon it, and returned toward Hessen-land, and in the beginning of September, summoned Zoest, a small City upon the River Lip, which refusing to yield to his words, the eighth of the same month, by his Army, was besieged, and the 9.19. almost hurnt to the ground by the Granades cast out of the Camp, the Wild fire taking hold of some thatched houses, whereof there were many in the town, and their contiguity to the others, dispersing the devouring flame, to the terror and astonishment of the Garrison and inhabitants, who in this confusion knew no other way to preserve their own lives, and some small remnant of their goods, than by exposing their estates and persons to the mercy of the Conqueror, who received the Garrison with condition to serve under him, and caused his soldiers to assist the Citizens in the extinguishment of the consuming fire.  
The Garrison of Osnabrugge after the departure of this Field-marshal, and assurance that he was passed the Weser sent to Minden, advises of a design they had conceived against Lemgaw, a City kept by four companies of Imperial horse, and 300 foot, under the General Major Sperrheuter, 
The Garrisons of Osnabrug and Minden take Lemgaw by Onslat  and desired their assistance for the prosecution of it. Help was sent them, and about the midst of Septem. they surprised the City, put the most part of the Cavallary and Infantry to the sword, apprehended Sperrheuter (who had hid himself in a dry Fat, but was found out by diligent search) not as a Prisoner of War, but as a traitor to the Crown of Sweden, a fugitive from his natural Prince, and complotter and public practizer with the professed enemies of his Sovereign, 
And apprehend the fugitive Sperrheuter.  and sent him with a Guard, first to Minden, then to Nyenberg, where this degenerous spirit, died of a sullen grief, forecasting the just punishment, which might be inflicted upon him by the Swedish General for his treason, and the taunts of the ordinary Soldiers, who detesting his persideousnesse, ceased not to reproach him with the memory of his unjust dealing, and unthankfulness toward the deceased King, who had raised him from a common man to bear an Office of eminence in his Army: For the King during the time of his war in Poland, meeting him, as he came from fight, and seeing his body strooke through with a Spear, or Partisan, gave him the name of Sperrheuter, and afterwards so favoured him, that he raised him to be a General. No Obligation can be a sufficient tie to a Canckred-corrupt rotten-hearted man: An Achitophel will prove false to his Master, though he becrowned each day with new favours, yet in the end the Divine Justice will overreach him, the terrors of a guilty conscience will affright, and bring him to a desperate end.  
Goetz, after the prize of Zoest undertook new expeditions against Lunen and Dortmund, which he easily became Master of, the Hassian forces under Melander and Eppen, being unable to withstand him. Dortmund was better manned than the other, 
Dortmund taken by Goetz.  and held out the better. There lay one thousand Hassen foot, and two companies of horse, which behaved themselves so stoutly, that they hindered the Imperial Field-marshal two whole days from raising a Battery: The night only favoured his proceed, and the darkness concealing his movements from the Garrison, by the benefit thereof, whilst he deluded the besieged with false fires on the oneside of the City, he raised a mount on the other side, whence he played the next day with his Canon upon the Town, and by the succour of them made his approaches to the Moat about the walls, where, omitting no time, he cast his fireworks into the City, which took effect, set the houses on fire, affrighted the Women and Children, whose outcries wrought so upon the hearts of the Soldiers, that they surrendered the place to the Besieger, and submitted to his discretion. Thence he drew his Army towards Hamme, Lipstat, and Coesfield, not yetresolved where to pitch first, all these places being well guarded, yet before one of these he resolved to set down, and Ham in the end was concluded to be the next object of his Arms: This City in the time of the last siege being made a prison for two great Lords of Munster, and the Ritmaster Danekel, which September 12.22. were encountered by some of Epens soldiers, which flew their Convoy with the sword, and sent these persons prisoners thither. Hamme put the period to his conquests there, though it suffered the common fate of the neighbour towns, and was compelled in sine to yield to the Conqueror; for the Landgrave by the end of that siege was returned from the netherlands, and rallying up his own Forces, strengthened with 4000 Auxiliaries, made head against him: and a cloud was risen in the North part of Germany, attended with thunder and lightning, threatened a feil upon the Saxon and Imperial Armies, who called to him for succour, and by an especial mandate from Caesar, commanded him towards the Lower Saxony, to stop the victorious progress of the Swedes.  
It was a general time of horror and tumultuary confusion in Almain, where ever the Scene of War lay, each party preferring their own private ends before the public good, deprived the general state of the ordinary blessings from heaven: The French Garrison at Coblentz denied leave to all Traffiquers to carry Wine down the . 
The miseries about Frankford, etc.  The Imperial at Andernach permitted no Corn to be brought up the river, though their friends in Germany wanted more that necessary provision for their lively hood as being the staff of life, than the strangers abroad did the fruit of the grape, more esteemed perhaps, 
A lamentable story.  but not so needful. The Divine providence had forbidden the earth there to give her increase to the Natives (for the Franckforders writ it with tears, and every word of the Letter is noted with an accent of sorrow (that their Corne-fields were fair to the eye, in the beginning of the spring, yet when it was bladed, as if a Curse had been laid upon the ground, an uncouth generation of Vermin, Mice of strange forms, dimensions and colours, appeared and devoured it before it was fit for the Sickle) yet the Governor at Andernach hindered the Merchants from importation of any. In Westphalia and about the Weser, and Hessen-land, the Drums sounded nothing but blood and slaughter, the Boors and Citizens made a prey to all soldiers, not able to distinguish friends from enemies, nor knowing to whom they should adhere, the Evangelicall or Imperial Party. There, and in the Dukedoms of Brunswick, Lunenburg and Mecklenburg, the Marquisate of Brandenburg, and generally the whole Lower Saxony, the swarms of military men covered the earth; nothing was seen, but taking and retaking of Towns, Forts and Cities, and that without hope of a speedy cessation, Famine and the Pest not being enough to curb their madness, which daily raised war, and noy said rumours of future wars.  
In the midst of this confusion, 
An Electoral Diet called at Regerspurg.  the Emperor called an Electoral Diet at Ratisbone, which was long before it began, the Electors delaying their coming thither beyond the appointed time, pretending several excuses upon their sundry engagements. The Emperor himself was the first that appeared at the place of meeting August 7. new style, about 7. in the evening he arrived at Regenspurg and was received at the gate of the city by the Magistrate, under a Canopy, the people present falling upon their knees, where he was entertained with an Oration made by the Syndicke of the city, and then road away in his Coach to the Cathedral, at the entry whereof the Bishop met him, did him the like obeisance which the people had done at the gate, presented him with his Crosier, which he kissed; conducting him first into the Church singing Saint Ambrose his Hymn, and afterwards to the Episcopal Palace the place where his Majesty intended to reside during the first Sessions of the Diet, finding his spirits decayed and his strength of body to be abated, though no evident cause of his weakness could be assigned. Two days after, the Duke of Bavaeria, pretended the Title of Elector by donation from the Emperor and right of succession, 
The meeting of the Princes  came thither also accompanted with his Duchess, and attended with 500 horse, to give his Vote in the Electoral affembly; and was lodged as near the Emperor as might be. The Elector of Mentz appeared in person the day following; and the Elector of Colen by his deputies the Counts of Meternick and Romseck: The Elector of Mentz took up his lodging in an house appointed for the Archbishop Elector of Triers, who being under guard at Namur, was conducted like a prisoner, not a free Prince, towards Regenspurg about one month afterwards, by a Convoy of some hundred horse, commanded by an Imperial Colonel called Gonzaga; And being arrived at Donawerth, as he was upon his journey, he there fled into a Cloister called Saint Cross, otherwise Saint john's Hill, in hope in that place, of particular privileges to remain free as in a Sanctuary; Upon Letters received from the Emperor (to whom Colonel Gonzago had sent word thereof) the said Commander did attempt to neglect those privileges, and would have drawn the Elector out by force: But upon better thoughts and counsel, the Pope's Nuncio was employed unto him, who with fair words and promises persuaded him to come out voluntarily, and so he was again taken and carried on his journey to Passaw: Passing near Ratisbone, or Regenspurg, he desired much to be suffered to come in, and to be admitted into the presence of the Electors and the Electoral College, but all in vain. From Passau he hath been carried further to Lintz, where he yet remaineth; His cause having lately been discussed, & himself condemned to be diskeyed from his Electoral dignity & Bishopric, and to be kept betwixt 4 walls in prison all the rest of his life. What from diverse places was written concerning this Prince, & particularly that he had sent his Vote in writing to the College, is all a fiction: For knowing that all his Papers and Letters, with his Chancery, were in his enemy's hands; whereby did sufficiently appear, what he had treated with foreign Princes in prejudice of the Empire, and specially of the house of Austria: He did not stand upon high terms of his justification, but rather in all humility offer and promise his Vote and himself to the Emperor's command and pleasure.  
The marquis of Brandenburg appeared by the Count of Swartzenburgh his assign, and the Duke of Saxony his by Frederick Lebselder, his Chamberlain both by Agents, but not authorized by any commission, as his Deputy in the Electoral negotiation. The absence of the Saxon somewhat displeased the Emperor, who sent Duke Henry julius of Saxon Lawenberg to the Elector, to require his personal appearance, and that speedily, but was returned by the Elector, with an excuse for himself, and a commission to his Agents, to give his vote in that Parliament: The King of Bohemia was only wanting, he had been visiting the Army under Gallas, upon its march to ward Burgundy, and after his labour reposed himself somefew days in Brissach, and thither a Currier was dispatched, August 13.23. with letters, requiring his speedy, and personal presence, which he received, and posted thence to Ratisbone.  
Some prodigies, as it is related from Ratisbone, happening in sundry places of the Empire, before the meeting of the Princes, had disheartened the common people, and made them despair of any good issue by that treaty: One was at Wells, the sudden uncovering of the Emperor's house of pleasure, there where he was lodged, (it being seated in the midst of a Moorasse) by a violent tempest, and this was accompanied with two others at Lintz, the first whereof, was the sudden fall of an Arch of the Bridge made over the Danuby, 
Some fearful accidents before the Diet, esteemed prodigious.  which his Imperial Majesty had no sooner passed over, but it tumbled into the River; The other this; Three carved Eagles, placed upon the house of a Burgess of Lintz, being broken down by the fury of the Tempest; were mounted by the same violent blast into the Air, scattered three sundry ways, and the one in the end fell upon the house appointed for the assembly of the Province, the other upon the Statehouse, and the third upon a Public Aquaduct.  
Distracted wits, upon every light occasion, project terrible things. These conceits were fond, and Superstitious, not rational and sound. The harsh beginning of the first Session, was more to be feared as a fatal Prognosticke of no happy conelusion, than those antecedent accidents. Some days were spent in private visits, Compliments and conferences, each of the Princes fathoming the others breasts in their retiring Chambers, before they met at the public place.  
September the 15.5. The first Sessions of the Diet began, though somewhat inauspiciously, 
A difference falling out between the Saxon Deputies, and the Elecctor of Mentz.  the Saxon Deputies being much discontented with the Elector of Mentz, who had summoned the Princes to meet, pretending that Office to belong to the Duke of Saxony, and his Deputies, in the absence of the Marshal of the Empire. The Controversy, like all others in point of honour, was not so soon appeased, as raised. The Emperout to quiet them, 
Is composed by Caesar.  in Person heard their differences in his Privy Chamber, and in a short Oration, declaring that the intent of that mecting was for the public good of the Empire which might suffer more by such civil dissensions, then foreign Enemies, desired the Saxons to comply with the Times, and gave his notes openly to the Archbishop of Mentz. containing the Propositions Considerable in that Parliament; His Majesty's authority siding with the Archbishop, did not extinguish the flame at the first, but make it break out more fiercely; the Archbishop followed Caesar's directions, and began to propound his desires; The Saxons for the time broke off his discourse, and as jealous that they were not equally interessed with him in the Imperial Grace, 
The Archbishop of Mentz makes the propositions in the Diet.  protested against him, that he encroached upon the Electoral privileges, and engrossed the grace of the Diet to himself; Yet afterwards somewhat cooled by his Oratory, and a precedent in the last Diet at Mulhausen, wherein, as Chancel or of the Empire, he was the speaker to the Electoral assembly, they heard him, and he spoke to this purport.  

His Speech.  
MAY our meeting tend and end, to, and in a blessing to the Church, and the Empire, whereof we are Guardians, and Feoffees, entrusted for its preservation. I must acknowledge myself much honoured by Caesar, in apointing me to be the Prolocutor in this Senate of Princes, and yet could have wished to have lost this honour, that I might have been delivered of the burden. The charge is heavy to me to deliver, and may be tedious to your cares to hear it, so many Propositions as could be well couched in 9 Folioes of paper, containing the heads only of what I should deliver, and we jointly advise of: But his Majesty unwilling to tyre or me in speaking, or you in hearing, and concluding, desires only for the present, your resolutions and determinations, first upon your votes for the Election and nomination of a King of the Romans: Secondly, your counsels in his proceed with the Elector of Tryers; Thirdly your sage judgements for the restablishing of the Empire, and restoring it to its ancient splendour, and peaceable estate, or how to arm against foreign enemies, reserring the rest to a Diet the next year, to be held at Norimberg or Collen; of all which I shall for my own particular, give mine opinion, desiring your Highnesses to hear me patiently, and then to speak unpartially.  
How happily the Government of the Sacred Roman Empire hath been administered by his Majesty that now reigneth, I need not show you, who have been witnesses of his justice and policy, which though myself, or you should seem to forget, this our happy meeting would testify, and remonstrate unto us. Other Princes have been blessed in peace; this present, glorious in the Trophies of War? War not unjustly grounded, to the vexation of foreign Princes, but necessarily undertaken for the safety of the states under his protection. The Goths and Vandalis under Alarick their King, were not so formidable to Italy, in the reigns of Arcadius and Honorius, or under Totiles afterwards, as they have been under the King of Sweden lately, to the Prinoes' of Germany to oppose them, Caesar neither spared his purse, nor forces, and in the end, when I myself was forced to forsake my Metropolitan City of Mentz, and to give way to the Invaders, when the Elector of Cologne was scarce safe in his own Palace, the Bishop of this See made their Prisoner; the Bishop of Wirtzburge deptived of his dignity by their Conquests, and the better half of Germary, either by force was constrained, or willingly yielded them obedience. His Imperial Majesty raised a puissant Army to resist them, sending out his own Son, the King of Hungary as his General, who begun auspiciously at this City in which we are now met peaceably, and within three months after, so scattered their Army, by a glorious victory near Nordlinguen, that he delivered us from fear of their arming afterward. Non ignota loquor—. But the Olive which upon our election, vouchsafed to become the Prince of the Forest, and communicate his fatness to us, beginneth now to whither the days of this Pater-patniae are now declining, and yet though the weakness, which is the attendant of old age, hath made him less active in body, his Wisdom and Piety appear in him Illustrious through the wrinkles of his body; and now, that this Sacred Empire, may not like a fatherless Orphan, want a Governor, if his Sun should set unexpectedly, he hath summoned this assembly, for the Election, and nomination of a King of Romans, who lawfully ordained, and called thereunto according to the Municipal Laws, and constitutions of the Empire, and the priviled ges of the Electors ordained by Gregory, the great Bishop, the fifth of that name, (though Caesar himself intendeth to hold the dignity during his life) may succeed him immediately in going in and out before this great people, and there may be no vacancy in the Empire.  
The proposition cannot be but plausible, tending to the peace of the state, if there arise no Controversy about the person to be elected to this Office, of highest honour, and trust. I will not presume to counsel you, nor is it in the power of man to prescribe you, where your votes shall fall. Only me thinks it would relish of unthankfulness, if not injustice if we should pitch upon any other than the King of Hungary, the Austrian Family, by a long continued succession, by the space of 198 years, ever since Albert the Fifth, having discharged this high Office, so graciously, and gloriously, and his Majesty himself, as the Liberator patriae, having power, if not to challenge it, yet to expect it deservedly. To him I freely give my Vote, and will not open the other propositions, till I have received your determinate answer in this particular.   
The Deputies of the Elector of Collen were silent, and neither assented, nor opposed the proposition, the Archbishop himself being then in person upon his way toward Regenspurgh, and having commanded his assigned Committees, to prepare the business only against his coming, 
The votes of the Electors for nomination of a King of Romans.  and not to meddle further. The Committees for the Elector of Saxony and Brandenburg, and the Duke of Bavaria, shown a willingness to condescend to the Motion, but demurred upon it for a time, the Ambassadors in the behalf of the Electorss desiring, that first the Lutheran Religion might have a free passage without opposition, as it had done formerly in the Empire, and that an Act may be drawn up, and made to confirm the liberty thereof: and the Duke of Bavaria propounding for himself, first a confirmation of the Electoral dignity, by the whole Electoral College, as also desiring, that the Country of the upper Ems should first, as it was promised, be surrendered to him by Caesar, and then these three Electors would be ready to give their voices for Ferdinand King of Hungary.  
Triers was still absent, and it was questioned, whether he should appear in that assembly, as a free Prince to give his vote, or as a Prisoner at the Bar, (for the Emperor had commanded to force him from Donawerth, and to bring him prisoner to Steir, a village near Regenspurgh, and it had been done, if the Electoral College, and the Pope's Nuntius, had not strongly opposed it) yet not dejected with his present state, nor fearing what might follow, 
Tryers giveth his voice to the King of France.  he sent his vote in writing to Regenspurgh, which was read in the open Session, and was for Lewes, the most Christian King, not for any private respect to his person, but the public good of the Empire, which he said, having been swayed so long by the Austrians, whose polity in their life, was to make the Rex Romanorum of one of the same family, was like to suffer by this continuated succession, and in time might be claimed by succession and inheritance, not election: the Princes at this day being rather called for form, than otherwise, and preseribed to whom they should suffragate before they appear in Parliament. He omitted not to set forth the power of the Christian King, which being united to the strength of the Empire, need fear no foreign invaders, nor did he slightly pass over the happy condition of the State under Charelemaigne, Lewes the Debonair his son, Lotharius, Lewes the second, Charles le chance, Lewes le begne, Charles le gross, the French Kings suecessively, whom, he said, it was no doubt, but that this present King would imitate in the administration of the Empire, not refusing the counsels of the Princes, and not compel them in the end to put the sceptre into the hands of any of his friends or favourites, but leave it to their free arbitration, according to their wisdom. Though this had been a true relation, these remonstrances were of no effect, the Diet being inclined to the King of Hungary, though they deferred the day of his nomination till November the fourth, new style.  
The Duke of Bavaria could not attend the Diet longer than the beginning of October, the Duchess big with child, being to departed to Munchen to be disburdened of her carriage, and his desire to see the issue of his body, drawing him to accompany her, made him get licence to absent himself for two months, 
A young son borne to the Duke of Bavaria.  in which space, a son, and apparent to the Dukedom, was borne at Munchen, and christened October 22. old style, by the name of Firdinandus, Maria, Franciscus, Ignatius, Wolfgangus, by the Bishop of Frysing, to the great joy of the Court and City, expressed by the ringing of Bells from five in the morning till night, and the bonfires blazing before every private door.  
Whilst the Princes of the Empire were thus busied in counsel about the Danuby, the Elver and adjacent Territories, were filled with the sound of Drums and Trumpets, speaking not peace but hostility. Bauditz, 
Bauditz gives over his Generalate.  the late famous General; had resigned his office, pretending his wounds received at the siege of Magdenburgh, had dis-abled him for future service, and many other prime Officers following his example, did the like, which moved the Elector of Saxony, whose late confederacy with the Swedes was changed to open enmity, to go himself in person, as Generalissimo of his army, Marazini the smperiall General in Pomerania united his army to the Saxons, and with the Imperial army, commanded by the Field-marshal Hatzfield, and Bannier the Swede. wasre-enforced with the powers of the Field-marshal Leslec, and the General Major Stalhaus. 
Bannier prepareth to give the Saxons battle.  These puissant armies thus prepared for Battle, each sought their advantages, and yet neither started fare from the other, both parties intending to put their fortunes to a day of trial. Bannier was instructed by letters from Stockholme, and directed by order from the Crown of Sweden, to force the Saxons to a fight, the issue whereof, might either be an encouragement to the Swedes, for their further proceed in War, if it proved fortunate, or the withdrawing of their Armies, if otherwise, yet this avisoe was added withal, that he should make good Stralzund fora place of retreat, if the day did not fall out favourably, He followed the direction, and causing his Soldiers first to store up the best part of their baggage in fortified places, marched against the united armies under Elector Hatzfield, and Marazini, only with such utensells as were absolutely necessary: The Elector presuming of a victory went to the Camp, furnished as for a progress, his plate, bedding, and other things, as if he had been still at Dresden, cumbering many Wagons with his carriage: Et inter turpe signa militaria sol aspicit coropeum. So confident was he in defeating his enemy.  
The game was played cunningly on both sides: the Saxon Colonel Klitzing, was sent abroad with a flying army, and he, September 4.14. first took in Ratenaw by assault, putting one hundred Finlanders, which were garrisoned therein to the sword, 
Ratenaw and Banderburg taken by Klitzing.  and afterwards marched against Brandenbergh, wherein lay eight hundred Swedish Dragoones, whom he forced to surrender upon composition of departing with their high and low weapons. The Field-marshal Wrangell was dispatched abroad with another flying army on the Swedish side, and he, first securing the Oder, and breaking down the bridges which the Saxons had laid over it for their more convenient passages upon all occasions, marched thence, first against Pritzwald, which he plundered, then against the little City of Swedt, which he found abandoned by the Imperialists, before his coming, and afterwards directly against Gertz, a City in Pomerania, the Imperial Soldiers whereof did much spoil upon the bordering places, under the Swedes protection, straggling ofttimes to the very gates of Stetin, and returning loaden with booty. To deliver the Country from these Boot-halers, September 24. old, he brought his army before it, 
Swedt and Gertz surrendered by Wrangel.  raised up three Batteries against it, and played upon it the two next days so furiously, that the Imperial Commander within it, Don Foelix or Philips, (the French call him by the first name, the Germans by the second) sent out a Trumpet about nine at night, with covenants of surrendering, which, as being too advantageous for the Garrison, were rejected by the Field-marshal, who renewed his battery, played incessantly upon the City with his Canon till the next morning, and then having made his approaches to the very Walls, and ready to give an assault, the Flag of Parley was hung out, and the Garrison consisting at that hour, of above twelve thousand able men, was dismissed peaceably upon these conditions.  
1. 
THat the City, with all the Canons, Ammunition, victuals, and fugitives, should that present afternoon by four of the Clock, be delvered up to the Swedish General Bannier.  2. 
That the Prisoners on both sides should be set at liberty, and the impotent Soldiers of the Garrison should be furnished with Wagons for their transportation.  3. 
That as many as were willing to serve under the Swedes, should not as much as be dissuaded from it by the Imperial Commanders, and that the inhabitants should not be molested by the Victorious Swedes.  4. 
Lastly, That the Imperial Garrison should march out with flying Colours, Drums beating, Bullers in mouth, all their Baggage, two pieces of Canon which they brought thither, and have a Convoy to Custrin or Landsbergen.   
All which was prescribed at the Camp by the Impersall Commanders, and observed by the Field-marshal Wrangell faithfully. And yet the Swedes remembering the proceeding of the Imperialists at Frankford, the year last passed, and mentioned in that History, played trick for trick with them, spared the Persons and estates of the Citizens but demolished the Walls which rounded the City, and slighted their fortifications, that it might no longer be a shelter to the Imperial spoiling bands.  — Sic Ars deluditur arte. 
This purchase was but the attendant to Banniers glorious victory; if the beginning of the day of battle, and the defeat of the Saxons armies might terminate his Conquest but a concomitant, and of no younger birth, if we take the Swedish Generals glory not in the blossom, but full perfection. The Field-marshal ended his design upon Gertz, 
Preparations for a battle.  September 30. October 10. upon which day the General Major Stalhause returned to the Swedish camp at Witstocke, if not overburthened, yet loaden with the spoils of the flying enemy. An happy day it was to the Swedes, and to be recorded to the remembrance of them of that Nation which are to come.  
The Proscaenia of the Play was skilfully and; subtly laid on both sides, the Imperial and Saxon Armies took all before them, Bannier giving the storm leave to spend itself, yet omitting no opportunity which might be for his advantage. 
Havelsberg taken by the Saxons. And Werben surrendered by the Swedes.  The City of Havelsberg, sited where the Havel looseth his name, in the more famous stream of the Elve, and the Castle too, were taken by the united Imperial and Saxon armies, from the Swedes, upon their March; the strong Fort of Werben on the other side of the River, became theirs also by right of conquest, yet neither of these was assured them for terms of years, nor scarce of days, a short lived conquest it was, and soon extorted from them by the Swedes. The story is deliverered from all hands thus.  
The Swedish Generalll Bannier reinforced with the bands of men, under the Field-marshal Lesle, the General Majors, Stalhanse, and Vitzthumb, who the last year commanded in Frankford upon the Main, according to the order from Stockholme before mentioned, intending to draw the Imperial and Saxon Armies to a pitched battle; to omit other his several ineamping, and discamping, remooved from Parcheim, September 13.23. attended with his whole army, and came to Perlerberg, where the united forces of his enemies were well and strongly entrenched, 
Bannnier martcheth after the Saxon Army.  thinking that their late victories gotten by them on both sides the Elve, would have encouraged them to have put their Armies in Battle array against him, who ceased not to outbrave them too, by many affronts and offers of skirmishes to the same intention. But the wary Hatzfield, Morazini, and the Saxon Armies, not being to be alured out of their hold, by hopes of uncertain glory, by a doubtful fight in open field, lay still, and would not permit their Soldiers to stir out of their works, commanding only that they should stand ready within their earthen walls, to entertain the Swedes if they should assault them. Bannier seeing this project failed, ranged his Forces into an orderly body, 
Retaketh Havelsberg.  and marched in the sight of his enemies towards Havelberg, and Werben, the first of which, by the indiscretion of the Garrison, was forced to submit to his discretion; for mistaking the Swedes for their confederates, and not supposing them to have had the way open for their march thitherward, they let them come to the very Walls of the City and Castle, where at once, the Garrison having discovered their persons and their strength, found it vain to stand out, and surrendered the Town and Fort to their mercy.  
Havelsberg thus surprised, the Swedish General plied Werben so close with his approaches and batteries, that by the judgement of his Counsel of War, it was not to be questioned, but that he had carried it within the space of 24 hours, 
Besiegeth Werben, but leaveth the siege upon new Avisoes.  had he continued his siege, which left for the present not unadvisedly, nor doubting of suecesse, but upon a wise deliberation, projecting a better gain, and more glory elsewhere, than could be got by that petit victory, deferring only in the mean time that pursuit, and concluding to perfect it afterwards.  
Advisoes, and certain too, were brought him, that the Elector of Saxony, Marazini and Hartzfield were risen from their trenches at Perlerberg, Septemb. 19.29. and marched towards Pritzwald, with an intention to go to Witstocke, and thence to go over the Havel at Zedenick: And the Swede to give them as little rest as might be, thereon left the siege at Werben, and pursuing the enemy at the heels, made head toward the Camp of the Imperialists and Saxons, by the way of Westerhousen. That which is apparently evil to the eye of humane reason, by the wisdom of Divine providence often proves a blessing, and of happy consequence: Such was the prize of Brandenburg, by the Saxon Klitzing; the Swedes esteemed it no small loss, the Saxons no little advantage, but the loss of the Town was gain to the Swedish army, and the prize thereof by Klitzing was in probability the ruin of the Imperial and Saxon armies. 
The passage of Zedenick secured.  The passage at Zedenick might have served as a postern for Klitzing to have come with his forces upon the back of the Swedes, had it been left open for him; so much was Bannier acquainted with, by the late Commander in Brandenburg, who was instantly commanded by the General to-make good that passage with those old soldiers which were conducted from Brandenburg to Rupin, against the excursions of the Camp at Witstocke, or in roads of Klitzing Army, which he did accordingly.  
How many several changes are there in one Military Dance? All these preparations were to meet with the Electors, and Hatzfields' armies in open field upon their March, and now suddenly a Currier posted to the Swedish Camp with new avisoes, that the enemies were strongly encamped near Witstock, having the City on the one side to defend them, the Cloister or Monastery called the Holy Sepulchre, situate upon a Mountain, called Sherpen Hill fortified, 16. redoubts on the other side, under which stood their Battaglie, ranged for fight, and a Forest behind them, serving as a Countermure for their safety. The news somewhat perplexed the Swede, as falling out contrary to his expectation, yet altered not his resolution. A purpose he had to give them battle, and though the misfortune of his confederates at Nordlingen, fight against the Imperial Army upon the like disadvantage, 
A Counsel of war called.  and common reason did dissuade him from it, yet all this could not change his determination, he had engaged himself so fare by his faith to the Crown of Sweden, that he would not now recede one title from the resolve. Valour is most apparent when the Danger is imminent, either an honourable grave or glorious conquest, were the things he aimed at; neither of these were in his own election, and he referred himself to the fortune of the day for either. And yet, as his great heart could not entertain timidity, so his forecasting spirit avoided temerity, he would not presume upon his own wisdom, though the commands of a General be not to be controverted by the inferior Officers, but called first a counsel of War, where he discovered the state of his own army, and conjectured at that of the enemy, whose often avoydings and tergiversations from proffered Battle, were tokens, said he of timorous souls, or weak bodies, unable to grapple with his forces, and the counsel, as one man crying out, Let us go on, and assault them in their trenches, he put his project into practice. One impediment there was, which might have stopped him in his speedy March, if it had not been remooved, a narrow way at Fresdorpe, through which the Army and the luggage must necessarily pass, and that guarded too by some Imperial companies: The enemy was not so terrible as the straightness of the way, for he beat the guard away immediately upon his first arrival, and cleared it of them, but both the sides of it being Moorasse, 
The passage at Fresdorpe eleared.  he was constrained to guard it from the Sunne-setting of the third of October, new style, with one thousand Musquetiers under the leading of Colonel Gun and two Regiments of Horse, whilst the main body of his Army was passed through it, till about noon the next day ensuing. That day he appeared in the view of the Imperial and Saxon armies, and his appearance caused them to change their postures, the Intantry being drawn up to the Hill top, near the Artillery, and their Cavallary placed on both sides of it, the out most skirt of it being fortified with the Wagons. Bannier ordered his army for assault accordingly, the form whereof, may be evidently seen in the Map annexed, and leaving the avantguard of his right wing, 
The Swedish army appears before the Saxons at Witstock.  consisting of six hundred Musquetiers, Life-landers, and Curlanders, and six squadrons of reformed troops drawn out of the Regiments of Duke Henry, Francis of Saxon Lawenberg, the Colonels, Crakaw and Slang, and the Sarjeant Major Giese, under the command of Colonel Gun: he himself followed in person to charge the left wing of the Imperial and Saxon armies with his battalia, consisting of eight Brigads, Pikes, and Musquetiers, whilst the left Wing of his Army, under the commands of the Field-marshal Lesle, and Stalhans wheeled about through the Forest, to assault the right wing of the enemy. Both parts prepared to fight, their soldiers were made discernible to the ear and eye of their friends and foes by private instructions. The Swedes word of Battle being, 
The battles join.  God with us, and the imperials and Saxons God willing, and several colours, as remonstrances under whom they fought; the Swedes wearing green Ribbons about their arms, and the Saxons white Ribbons, some with hand-kerchtrs upon their hats. The Swedish Cavalry was lined with Musquetiers, and that devise was of no small effect to the obtaining of the victory.  
Gun came on bravely, and with his avantguard maintained the battle in an equal balance by the space of two hours, beating off eight several charges made upon him by the enemy in that short space, and then himself wound, and his Troops wearied began to recoil, to the great joy of the Saxons, who assured themselves instantly of Victory, and proclaimed it by two Trumpets, through the Army; But the fight was as yet scarce begun; The General Banniere, 
The order of the fight.  having placed his Canon with all advantages to play upon the Camp, came in to the rescue of his weary avantguard, with his Brigades, & after some charges given, began to make them break their ranks, the Field-marshal Lese and Stalhans, having brought about the left wing through the Forest in the mean time, 
Long doubtful.  and therewith at the same time so charging Hatzfeldt, who led the right wing of the Saxon Army, that the scale began to turn, and the silver wings of Victory might be discerned to hover over the Swedish Army. It was hard fought on both sides, the Elector of Saxony using all the Rhetoric he could to encourage his Soldiers, with remembrance of the condition of those men, against whom they fought, and the fair advantages, which they had gotten in his short time of Battle; the Ordnance on both sides, vomiting out their fiery bullets, whilst the Generals were speaking and the swords of the Military men, being brandished as nimbly as the Commanders words.  
By this a Swedish Reserve of 4. Brigades, under the Command of the General Major Verdun, 
The victory falleth to the Swedes.  which served as the Arneri gnard to the left wing, was joined to the Rield-Marshall Lesle, and Stalhans, and their apparition proved so formidable to the Saxons, which feared a continuail sipply of fresh enemies, that they betook themselves insta tly to a consused flight, though the Elector with tears, in vain dissuaded them from it, & that confusion concluded the battle; almost the whole Camp being thereby exposed to the fury of the Swedes, to be put to the sword, or mercy, in sparing of life, and making them Prisoners of war.  
It was a glorious victory, but purchased dearly with the lives of 1000 Swedes, 
The victory was got with blood.  and up wards, amongst which were many men well deserving, but some offpeciall note, by name the Colonels Berghawer and Conigham, the Lieutenant Colonel to Francis Henry of Saxon Lawenburg, and three others of that order here unnamed, and sundry Ritt-masters, Captains and under Officers. The Colonelle Crakaw, Linse, and Gun were wounded, but not mortally, and either the joyful news of victory made them less sensible of their wounds then they should have been otherwise, or they were not wounded dangerously. The Sweedish Generals escaped shot-free, but 2 of the imperials chiefe Commanders were slain outright. The two General Majors, Wilsdorp, & Goltz, and Marazini himself, was said, deadly wounded, and 5. Colonels slain, whereof three be particularised by name, Wildberger, young Hottzfeldt, and Kunigell; besides Rit-Masters, Captains, and Officers, who were accompanied in their deaths by 7000 of their partners in Arms, Common men slain upon the place of battle, and attended with many other, 
The numbers of the slain.  which fell by the swords of the Swedes in the prosecution. The present loss, was it not expressed particularly, as it is, could not be accounted less than 6 whole Regiments, viz. Coloredoes, Wendensales, Walsteins', the Goltz, Eracts and Pappenheims being totally ruined, and the forces under the General Major Dehne, the two Countts of Talkenstein, willbe, Winse, and Wilbrecht, being not to be supposed to have escaped their share of that misfortune, their Commanders being desperately wounded.  
The principal Check fell upon the Insantry, the horsemen following the Example of the Elector (who seeing the battle lost, 
The victory prosecuted.  spurred away to Werben, accompanied only with 50 Cavalieres, and there passing the Elve, made haste towards Wittenberg) to save themselves by flight, and yet slaughter overtook them as they were flying: Stalhanse was sent to pursue them with 6000 horse, and he returned not from execution till 3 days after, and then naving left the way strewed with dead Corpse from Witstocke, even to Werben (almost as many being slain upon the way of the flight, as upon the place of battle) he came back to the Camp with 1500 prisoners, and 30 Coronets, and 5 Ensigns of Dragoones, which being added to the Ensigns gamed in the field, made up the number of 143 Coronets and Enngnes, besides those which still remained in the hands of private men, and were not then brought in to the General, who proclaimed a reward to every one that should bring in his private attchievement, to make his conquest more illustrious. The Elector, Hasfeldt, and they which escaped, saved their persons only, but left their Canon, 
The spoils taken from the Saxons by the Swedes.  41 in number, and their baggage to the Conqueror: the Electors own Wagons loaden with the glorious title, and rich moveables of his Chancery (the titles not recorded by the quill in partehment; buting raven in rich metals) his instruments of hunting his plate, in general, and that famous great silver Bowl, wherein he used to carouse to his best friends, and the baggage of the whole army became lawful prize to the Swedes, with 8000 Wagons, whereon it was mounted, to the enuching not of the soldiers only but the very boys of the Swedish army.  
Three days were spent by the Swede after hisvictory, partly in piety, partly in polity, yet piety proceeded, and polity followedas the Handmaid. First he assembled his companies to give thankes to him, who had covered their heads in the day of battle, 
Thanksgiving for the victory  and blessed the enterprise with so good and great success, singing te Deum after their manner, and supplying the want of Organs, & other Church music, with Drums, Fifes, Trumpets, Canonadoes and Musqutadoes intermingled, not to the disturbing of the fouldiers' devotion, but the raising of their spirits, who rejoiced that they had now opportunity to spend their powder in triumph, not in an uncertain fight against the enemy.  
Thanksgiving done, 
The dead buried.  he took order for the burial of the dead, as well for foes as friends, a work of difficulty, their bodies being scattered in sundry places, in great multitudes, and the Boors, which should have assisted to their interment, being fled for fear, not knowing how either party, if he proved victor, might deal with them; yet this task was performed too. And then the General taking a view of his Army, not so much decreased in number by the fight, as increased by thousands of prisoners, who offered themselves to his service he found 1500 yet which were not come in to his party, amongst which were 170 Officers, 
And a new muster made of the Army, with some expressions of Courtship to the prisoners.  and 146 women of quality, wives to the Caeserean and Saxon Colonels, and their officers. The dejected countenances of the women expressing sorrow, partly in regard of their present estates, and partly for the loss or imprisonment of their bosom friends, moved him to compassion; and he to sweeten their captivity, and the rigour of his Arms, and to cheer up these disconsolate spirits, made them a feast near Witstock, in the middle of a great plain, for the distinction of the services intermitting three several volleys of Canonadoes from the great Artillery, which he had gotten in the battle. And the feast ended, he first disposed of his prisoners males and females, sent the gained artillery down the Elve by shipping, 
Bannier taketh Werben upon discretion  with the Electors plate, which fell to his share, as the baggage lately belonging to Hazfeld, was then in Lisles possession, and Maracinies in the hands of Stalhanse, as a present to the Queen of Sweden, and afterwards marched first with his Army against the Fort at Werben, intending to go forward, but first to have all safe behind him. And this Fort he took October 13.23. forcing the Garrison to submit upon discretion. And after having fortified it for the Crown of Sweden, drew his Army over the Elve, on that side towards Halberstadt: amusing for a short time, the Saxons and their confederates, sometimes seeming to look towards Saltzwedell, as if he intended towards the country of Lunengburgh. Sometimes towards the Earldom of Mansfieldt, always intending to go to Misuda and Thuringen, which in fine he did, and thither though the history now cannot, it shall follow him hereafter.  
The Sconce at Werben being thus possessed again by the Swedes, the Saxon Garrisons at Ratenaw, and Brandenburg, seeing their late copartners forced to serve under Bannier, 
Brandenburg and Ratenaw forsaken by the Saxons & Garrisond by the Swedes.  & knowing themselves too weak to make any resistance if he should cast a bank against them and without hope of succour, though they might be able to hold out for a season, willingly forsook the places of which they were apppointed guardians, and left them to the Swedes administration, who furnished Brandenburg with 600 presidiaries, and Ratenaw with 250. whilst the Swedish Colonel Geyse, marched towards Berlin, happened first upon three hundred Brandenburgish soldiers on the way, surprised them, and put as many of them as would not serve the Swede to the sword.  
At Wolgast and Gripstald, in the mean time arrived 3500 fresh men out of Sweden, able men to the eye, and yet they proved better soldiers than was expected, being joined to Wrangels' flying army, which with this accrewt supplied from Sweden with Armour, Canon, 
Wrangel souldereth the Vekker-marke.  Powder, Match, and the like materials of War, being now grown 12000 strong by the end of October, cleared the Oder from Frankford downward (to the joy of the Stetineers, who saw the adjacent Country encumbered no more with the Imperialists, and found the ways open again to Da●tzick and Rostocke, the chiefest Cities of their Commerce) invaded the mark Brandenburg, enforced the Town of Barlen to a contribution of 30000. Rix-Dollers, which was paid part in ready money part in merchants wares, brought the whole Veker-mark to the Swedes obedience, and drew from thence 26000 Rix-dollers, to preserve it from pillage, confiscated lands, the goods belonging to the Count of Stwarzenburgh, took an oath of fealty of the subjects in his own name, affirming the Country to be given him by the Crown of Sweden, and thence marched against Land. bergen to surround it with his army, projecting a future design in Silesia, where some of the peers falling off from the Saxon, and weary of the Caesareans, waited for his coming, not as enemies to oppose him, but friends to assist him, so fearful were the neighbouring principalities of the Swedes power, and ready to comply with the Conqueror.  
The Elector of Saxony, who October 7.17. was come to Lipsech, and Hazfeld, who arrived about the same time at Halsberstadt, prepared in the mean time to rally their forces, but were not so quick it as they supposed they might have been. Of all their late army, 3000 men only, 
The Elector prepares to form a new army.  or thereabouts, were found, and to form a new one, required more time for preparing new Artillery, raising new men and money, and this could not be done neither without much regret and heartburning of his subjects, to feel the burdens of new impositions, and weakening of Some his Town, being constrained to take down the Ordnance, which was apppointed for the defence of his Cities, and to bring them into the field. The last of these were complained of by the Lipsickers, and the first had like to have made a mutiny amongst the people. In this destration, Hazfeld advanced now to the Imperial Generalate, sends unto Goetz the Field-marshal, to bring his forces, and to conjoin with him against the Swedes, which he did accordingly. The Elector drew out three regiments from the Garrison Silecia, 
●●nds for Auxiliaries.  and they both jointly sent to the marquis of Dormstat, and George Duke of Lunenberg to the same purpose, the last of which was then besieging Minden, but hearing of the Swedes attchivenrents left it, whether for fear of the Swedes, and care to preserve his own Country, or affection to the Saxon, it is yet uncertain, for yet I find him not come into his aid, and the other, though afterwards he yielded to their desires, for the present would have excused himself by letters, which because the contain a brief expression of the State of the Swedes, and the Empire, I have here set down, as the conclusin of this history. The letters bare date Octob 14. old style, and run thus:  
Your Electoral highness cannot be ignorant, withwhat affeection I have always implored myself to the avancement of your affairs, 
A Letter written to the Elector of Sax. by 〈◊〉 M. of Dormy declaring estate of the Empire.  to which I have not spared to contribute all means possible; yet because I know the strength of the Swedes which are already in the Empire, is concealed from you, & extenuated too much by some near your highness. I shall succinctly describe unto you the estate of their affairs in Almaigne, that the truth being known, some better way may be devised for the public good, than by continuation of this War.  
The Swedes had an Army lately in Pomerania, under the Field-marshal Wrangel, which being reinforced with 600 lately come out of Sweden, having possessed themselves of Gartz & Swedt, 2 principal passages upon the Oder, subjected the whole Vetter-marke, and pillaged Barlin, have now, as it is reported, a dangerous design up on Silesia. I need not speak of the other army under Banniere, the puissance thereof is too fresh, and of bleeding memory.  
But I would not have your excellency ignorant, that besides their forces in open field, the Swedes have yet in garrison, near 20000 men, in those places which they hold: In the higher Germany they hold only the Fort of Benefeldt, and their lie 1000 men. For the lower Germ. they have in Pomerania, Colberg, Stalsundt, the Isle of Rugen, Stetin, and Griffenhagen, in the Dukedom of Mekelberg, Wismar, which is the best port of the Baltike sea and Demitz upon the Elve, which City alone they raise every year, 50000 Rix-dallers for custom. Rostock stands in neatrelity by consent of both parties, but in the March they have Havelsberg, Werben, Brandenburg, Ratenaw, Tangermund, & the 2 famous passages of Ferberlin and Crenis, all which, they have upon a sudden snatched out of the hands of your highness, & Allies in the Dutch Lunenberg, they hold the Cities Luneburg, Winsen, & Vltzen, in Brunswick-land, and upon the Weser, the Forts Newburg & Stoltenaw, with the Cities of Minden, and Hamellen; in Westphalia, upon the River of Ems, the Cities of Meppen, & Osnabrugge, with the Fort of Petersburg, & many other places of this side of Ems yet in possession of the Landgrave their friend & Alley. To which if you please to add the succours of foreign Princes & estates, who have already declared themselves their confederates, & of others who are about to make their like league with them (his Majesty of great Britt, being reported to have recalled Lesle & Redwin his subjects to no other end than the recovery of the Palatinates by war) they will appear no despicable enemy. I need not speak what small hope of succours you can expect from G. D. of Huneburg or the Elector of Brandenburg, Caesar having testified, that he know th' not whether they be his friends or enemies, I shall conclude briefly, there will not be found in all Silesia, Bohemia, Austria, Franconia, and Swaben, one Imperial soldier to assist you, if you should receive a new defeat, therefore I beseech you, rather to labour for a settled peace, than a continued War, that so these miseries, which have befallen the Empire by this permitious war, may be removed, Germany may again reiouce to see their former tranquillity, the Princes and estates of the Empire may be maintained in their rights and privileges, and no misprision (as at this present is) laid upon the Electoral dignity.  
It was good advice, but the Elector desired not his Counsel but present assistance, nor were the Swedes to be dealt withal by persuasions, the Spanish agent had before offered them 250000 Rix-dollers to departed the Empire, but they refused it, & resolve to continue the war, what condition soever shall be offered them, unless all their Allies, the Princes of the Empire, the neighbouring estates, & the Christian K. particularly, might be included in the treaty with whom they had made an especial offensive & defensive league, & who had already received as much benefit by their late victory, as themselves had gotten glory; that being supposed one means to recall the Imperial armies from theinvasion of France, whither they were advanced by the way of Burgundy.   

CHAP. II. The several passages of Italy and Provence this last Summer past. 1636.  
TT is a question yet controverted betwixt the French and Spanish Statists, 
Italy and Provence.  and was canvased in the Consistory of Cardinals, by the comprotectors of both Kingdoms, whether the Allies and Subjects of the Christian King, or the confederates and subjects of Caesar, and the Catholic King, were most to be blamed for the broils lately commenced in Italy. The Cardinal of Savoy, a man powerful in speech and somewhat surmounting the Cardinal of Burghese, Comprotector of almain and the house of Austria, in the favour of the Conclave by reason of his high birth, being brother to the Duke of Savoy (who is dignified by Patent, by the Title of the Administrator of the fiefes in the Italian Empire, in the vacancy, as the most Illustrious Prince, the elector Palatine, is in Germany) from the first beginning of the war till the end of this present summer, stood stiffly in justification of the Christian King, against the Catholic Kings favourites, and so fare prevailed with the Pope himself, that he procured especial letters from that Bishop, to the Duke of Medina, the marquis of Leganez the Spanish General, and the Cardinal Trivultio principal procurator for the Imperial and Spanish Armies, to forbear and cease committing such outrages, as they daily did in the Dukedom of Parma, though the Prince had joined with the Christian King, 
The Cardinal of Savoy relinquisheth the Comprotection of France and adhereth to Caesar.  his Country being a Fee appendent to the Church of which (said he) I have the tuition. But in fine the French Advocate, the Savoyard Cardinal, won with large promises, (the King of Spain offering to confirm unto him, 40000. crowns of yearly revenue in Church living, and a pension of twenty five thousand Crowns, if he would relinquish the King of France, and adhere to Caesar) he accepted the proposition to the incredible joy of the Spanish, and displeasure of the French, not so much for his loss as his disloyalty. A golden cosse-way pleaseth the eye, though the pavement is not of sure footing. Philip of Macedon by this false light bleared the sight of the Grecians, and the Iberian King Philip, made the same Mineral Sun to dazzle the eyes of this great Cardinal, who (as the French both at home and abroad at Rome relate it) not regarding the sleights which the Spaniard put upon the deceased Cardinal O●sino, once Comprotectour of France, but taken off in the end by the like allurements from the Christian King to serve the Catholic) turned away his principal servants, best acquainted with his French negotiations, his late Secretary, and Auditor, seized upon their writings and accounts, whilst they were walking upon the banks of Tiber for their recreation, forbade them his house, and as quite eloigned from the King of France pulled down the Flower de-luces', which the day before, garnished his gates, and at night set up in their stead, the Arms of the Pope, the Emperor, the Kings of Spain and Hungary: This project was intended further, than the gaining only of the Cardinal, who might promote the French affairs in the Consistory, and could do no more, the Duke of Savoys Arms in the field, joined with Criqui, and the Parmesan; were more to be suspected, than the Cardinal of Savoys words in the Counsel, and the main aim of the devise was to take off the Duke by the means of his brother the Cardinal, 
The Spanish polity in gaining the Cardinal.  but the Spanish Artillery, could not reach so fare, the shaft fell some bows short, the Ambassador of Savoy then at Rome, received the Secretary and Auditor into his house, though the Cardinal had cashiered them, and the Duke of Savoy himself, with as much zeal as ever, doth yet prosecute the war in Italy, neither sparing his own personal pains, as being Generallissimo of the confederate Armies, nor purse in making necessary provisions of war, to secure his own men, and offend the enemy.  
Had the Cardinal stood firm to France, yet his negotiation in the consistory could not have proved so prejudicious to the Imperial and Spanish States, as the mutiny of some malcontents, and the appearance of the Galleys of Bizerta (a port town of the Kingdom of Tunis) upon the coast of Italy, were formidable to the Catholic Kings subjects in his Kingdom of Naples. The Histories are thus reported. The Count of Monterey Viceroy of Naples, 
A mutiny in the kingdom of Naples.  zealous for preservation of his authority, and the dignity whereunto he was advanced, offended with an Ensign of his Guard, which let fall his colours upon the arrival of the Duke of Medina de las Torres, who came to visit the Viceroy at his Palace, july 6. new style (that ceremony of honourable observance being usually exhibited to none, but the King's Vicegerent) imprisoned the Ensign, with his Sergeant Major, and cashiered the Captain of the company. The Duke conceiving that the Viceroy's sentence against those officers of his guard, trenched on his honour, & his esteem of the people might suffer some prejudice, if he did not bear up and carry himself like a Grandee, immediately thereupon, provided his Caroche to be drawn with 6 Horses, and road in the state of a Viceroy through the streets of Naples, to the discontent of the Count, (that being the proper garb of the prorex and permitted to no other) who first sent his monitory letters to the Duke, forbidding him to appear so magnificently, and those not prevailing, commanded him immediately to departed the Kingdom, and return to Spain. His order was obeyed by the Duke, whose dismission wrought severally on the fancies of the Friends and Allies of the young Princess of Stigliano lately married to the Spanish Duke: each of them according to the capacity of their judgements, projecting how to be avenged of the Viceroy. The old Princess, Mother to the Duchess, in melancholy betook her to a Cloister, and bequeathed all her goods, money, plate, and jewels, after her decease, to the Church of S. Peter at Rome. The young Gallants of the Duchess' Family took up Arms, drew many of the Commons (already offended with the Count, for his government, which they supposed to be somewhat tyrannical, and the heavy impositions, which by reason of the present occasion, were not unnecessarily laid upon them) to their party, elected the Duke of Matalona, one of the Peers of the Kingdom, for their Chieftain, and had gone further, to the plundering of the Spanish Families dispersed in the Kingdom, had not the Cardinal Aldobrandino a popular man, 
Appeased by the Cardinal Aldobrandino.  and Uncle to the Duchess by the Mother's side, interposed himself, and dissuaded the hot-spurrs from such a rebellious insurrection, promising to write to the King of Spain, in the behalf of his grieved Niece and the State, and giving them an assurance of a gracious answer, prevailed so fare that they laid down their arms: and writ he did, but received this only summary answer from his Majesty, that he was ignorant of the marriage of the Princess with the Duke: and that the necessity of his affairs so requiring it, He could not alter the courses of his Viceroy, in that Realm: Yet in the end, the Catholic K. moved with the importunate complaints of the Friends and Allies of the Princes, and willing to compose the differences which the Duke's absence had caused, returns the Duke to Naples in the beginning of September, with letters to the Viceroy, to permit him his state, and dispatched soon after him, the marquis D Alcaniza with a commission to establish the Duke of Medina Viceroy of Sicily. The Duke thus authorized, shown his state, 
Quite settled by the King of Spain.  riding to the Court at Naples in a Caroche of black Velvet embroidered with gold, and drawn with six Horses, and the Princess his Wife, being carried in a stately Sedan, in the like equipage, yet with this devise, in thankfulness to his Majesty, Philippi Quarti Munificentia.  
Before the return of the King's answer, the Mutineers grew cold, laid down their Arms, and returned to their several dwellings, to the joy of the Neapolitan Court, as being past fear of that seditious commotion. The Pirates were the only people they feared, The Galleys of Bizerta were seconded with an accreut from Algiers, and first roving about the coasts of Calabria, they landed at the Cape of Palinudo a great number of Turks, which ransacked the Country adjacent, and carrying away 700. Christian's prisoners, returned to their Ships, fearing lest the Viceroy, who was mustering of his Forces to secure the Maritine Towns, should come upon them with his Army, and surprise them: But their going from land, 
The Galleys of Bizerta cause great fear in the Kingdom of Naples.  and launching could not remove the fear of the people, the cloud still hovered about the Seacoasts, and where it might fall was uncertain; The Mart at Messina was drawing on, the customs whereof by the frequent recourse of Merchants thither, and the great trade, were of no small consequence, the Viceroy therefore sent in the end of july to the Great Master of Malta for his Galleys, for the securing of the Seacoasts of Naples and Sicily against the incursions of the Turks during the time of the Fair. But before the Maltezan Galleys could be dispatched, the Turkish Pirates understanding that the Prince of Bisignano was sent by the Viceroy, with some Cavaliers and many Foote-souldiers to Putzoli and Pausilippo, to defend the sea-townes thereabouts, hoist sail, and with 10 Galleys, and 2 Brigantines road before Vico, a town just opposite to Naples, on the other side of the Bay, and began to land some of their Rovers, to the great affrightment of the inhabitants, which instantly left the town and their goods, fled to the Mountains to save their persons, and had been ransacked by the Mahometans, 
An excellent and valiant act of an English Merchant.  had not an unexpected accident fallen in fortunately for their succour. An English Merchant coming from Sicily loaden with powder, and other Ammunition having past the Lands of Vulcan was discovered by the Turks, who presently deferring their former design, though meaning to prosecute it afterwards, haled the Merchant, who perceiving the condition of those  whom he was to deal, 
He is reported by our Seamen, to be the younger Ellis.  Infidels and robbers, prepared to fight, and was quickly rounded with the Turkish Galleys. The fight was fore for the time, 50 Canons shot in a small space were discharged by our brave country man, the last of which cutting off the Turkish Admiral's poop, made the rest retire, to the glory of the English Master, who wrought out his own way with shot and powder, and cleared the coast thereabouts, of that enemy, deserving better of the Spanish Viceroy for this service, than he found his requital being only a Court-smile, and a cup of voidance. His name is worthy to he recorded, but I find it not expressed in the letters from Naples, in which I find this history Aug. 5/13. Soon after this the expected Galleys from Malta put to sea, and abode there the space of 50. 
The Galleys of Malta scour the Levant of Turkish pirates.  days, scouring the Levant, and sailing up and down by the coast of Barbary, and in the beginning of September, returned to their own Island, carrying along with them two Galleys, and two other bottoms, taken at Negrepont with 150. Turk's prisoners, and other booty esteemed at 100000. Crowns.  
The Neapolitans, thus happily delivered from their Mahometan enemies by sea, prepared for the Catholic King's service, against the Christian by land. The Viceroy, 
The Neapolitans taxed by the Viceroy.  that there might neither be want of men, money, nor ammunition, laid an hard tax upon the officers of his Courts of Law, and justice. Bills were sent to all the Tribunals, charging every prime Regent of the Courts, to set forth 8. soldiers, every Precedent, Counsellor, and judge, either civil, or criminal 4. every Procurator to the Fiske, or Auditor 2. each Register, Advocate, or Doctor one, or 40. crowns twelve pound sterling English, in stead of a soldier, and that he might not seem partial in his impositions, gave commandment to all the Nobles & Gentry of the Realm, to bring him a true particular of their horses and plate, that they might be employed in his Majest, service, if the necessity of his affairs should require it. This done, he appointed the Prince of Botero Grandchild to the Constable Colonna to be General for the Camp, and Cavallary of the Kingdom, and the marquis of Terra-zana for the Infantry, and sent Melchior Borgia General of the Galleys of the Squadron of Naples, with the Galleys of Ligourn to relieve the Island Margarita and Honoria, whilst the Galleons, and other vessels for war, were made ready, and brought to Portolongo, in the I'll of Elbe, that place being designed for their general Rendezvous.  
The French Navy under the command of the Earl of Harcourt and the Archbishop of Bordeaux, was under sail long before the Neapolitan Fleet could be ready to encounter them. The 16. of june New Style, they put forth from Saint Martin's road, yet reached not Marselleis till August 24. September being oft becalmed, and constrained to hull in stead of sailing, their way being long about the coasts of Spain and Portugal, and sometimes forced to slack sail upon several occasions. The 7/17 of the same month the Fleet arrived at the road of Belle-Isle, where a particular muster was made of the Matiners, Provisions, & Ammunition, and it was listed as followeth. The Squadron of Bretaigne, consisted of 16. 
The list of the French Navy.  vessels for service. The Admiral of 1000 ton, under the command of Gouts, a man of eminent authority under the Earl of Harcourt, who was in person aboard that Ship with the Archbishop of Bordeaux, their Families and Volunteers, and carried 54. pieces of Cannon. The Reere-Admirall commanded by Poincy of 550. ton, carried 34. pieces. The Swan, the Unicorn, the 3 Kings, the Coral, the Cook, the Saint Michael, the Saint Guinever, the Pearl, the Margarite, each of 500 ton: the Hermine of 300. ton: the Saint Marie of 200. ton: the Rose of 120. ton: the Petit Saint John of 60. ton: and the Aigrette of 120. ton, made up that number. The squadron of Normandy consisted of 17. vessels for service, besides 10. great ships, and as many laden with victuals, and serving as a Magazine for maintenance of the Army, in which were also transported 28. companies of the Islanders, each Company consisting of 120. men, under Saint Estienne, a Limosin Gentleman, and Lieutenant Colonel to de la Porte. The Magdalene of Haure du grace, of 300. ton: the Saint Anne of 200. ton, the Margarite of 100 tons, the Eagle, the Leveret, and the Neptune, each of 150. tons, the Griffon of 200. tons: six vessels of fireworks, (two whereof were each of 200. tons, two of 150. and two of 100) and four great Flemish Floytes, provided of 60. beds for the sick and wounded men, Physicians, Apothecaries, Chirurgeons, necessary attendants, and medicines, and viands, made up that number. The squadron of Normandy consisted of 14. bottoms. The Vice-admiral of 500 tons, carrying 40. pieces of Ordnance, and commanded by Manty the Vice-admiral, the Lowis of Saint john de Luz, of 500 tons, the golden Lion, the Saint john, the Lowis of Holland, and the Lieutenant, each of 300. ton, the Hope, the Lion of Houfleur, each of 250. tons. The Saint Francis, the Salamander, each of 200. tons, the Margarite, the Cardinal, the Frigate of Gascoigne, each of 150. tons, and the Angel of 300. tons, made up that number.  
It was a gallant Navy, furnished with Artillery in a fit geometrical equipage, the vessels of 500 tuns, carried each of them 32. pieces of Canon, those of 300. 20 pieces, those of 150. and 200. 6 pieces each. The two Frigates of 200. tons, each 12 pieces, the ten Flemish Floytes, each 14 pieces, and the eye of France was fixed upon the good success of these Argonauts. The Admiral's Commission extended no farther, than the scouring of the Seas from Pirates, the recovery of as many Christians as stood not enemies to the Crown of France, from the Mahometans and Turks (if they met with any such) the securing of the coast of Provence, and the landing of some auxiliary land-men, for the service of the Duke of Parma, and the confederate Armies in Italy.  
An Hollander a renegado, habited like a Sally-man, was the first Pirate they met with. He was discovered, 
An Holland renegado taken in the habit of a Sally-man.  July the first, new style, by one of the Frigates, chased, and forced to yield with conditions to save his ship of 200. tons burden, and to yield the Christian slaves, which he had taken, to wit, 29. English, and 4. French men. This happened at Cape-Ortigall, thence the Fleet put forward, sometimes with a fair wind, and sometimes becalmed, without opposition or discovery of any enemy till the end of August, at which time the Navies of the great Duke of Florence, and the Duke of Tursy, sent from Leghorn under the command of Melchior Borgia, to victual the Island Honoria and Margarita, with their perspectives beholding the gallantry of the French Fleet, and in haste hoist up sail, as knowing how unable they were to grapple with so puissant and well furnished Navy, and retired to the port of Alagon.  
Some pillaging rovers appeared behind when the French Fleet was gone, and those such only, as might damage a Merchant, not encounter with a man of war: one of which being a Spanish Pinnace, well provided both of men and ammunition, 
A Spanish Parate taken by Saint Nazare.  and warranted by letters of Marque from the Catholic King to pillage the Coast of Bretagne, after a sharp conflict with a French Merchant, and the death of the Captain of the Pirates, and some of his complices was taken near 8. Nazare, and brought up the Laire into the harbour at Nantes, (the prime City of that Dukedom) with 12: surviving Spaniards, his whole Artillery, and a pavilion, enriched with the Arms of Spain, that eing the only wealth which the vessel (ordained for spoil, not traffic) carried. And the ill success of these adventures disheartened their copartners from attending longer thereabouts.  
The Fleet as it sailed along the coast of Provence, was fortified daily by a new supply of Soldiers and Mariners, 100 tartans vessels, of the burden of 500 each carrying 8. land men, & 5. Pirates, men, vessels, and Ordnance, which they took by the way, being added thereunto by the Sea towns, 
The Fleet increaseth.  Marseilles and the rest, and by the help of their small Barks, the Admiral first landed 5000. men at Nissa, an harbour and City under the Duke of Savoy, for the aid of the Prince, sent some shipping to Marselleis for 8000. others, which he dispatched after the first 5000. to the same intent, and then put to sea again towards the Principality of Norgues, 
The inhabitants of Menton & Roquebrane, flee for fear, and are recalled by the French Admiral.  where the inhabitants of Menton and Roquebrane affrighted with their coming, forsook their houses generally, and fled to save their lives: the religious persons, whose more ingenuous education made them conceive well of the Admiral's goodness, only excepted. Six of these Capuchins by their order, came in all submission to the Count, offering him the keys of those places which the amazed people had abandoned, and wrought by this voluntary humility so fare upon the General, that he not only assured them of all gentle usage, but restored them the keys, and charged them to seek out and recall the lost inhabitants, promising to secure them from any manner of violence, which they could expect, or fear might be offered them by his Army.  
The fair promise of the French Admiral, 
Monaco is the usual name, it is in Liguria.  wrought effectually with the poor inhabitants of the Country: they returned quickly upon the credit given to his word, to their several dwellings. But the strong Port of Morgnes, or Monaco, stood in defiance of his power, and shown all testimonies of hostility with him. The weather than was calm, and the Navy could not put forth to Sea, and the Count partly to avoid idleness, and partly with desire to be avenged of the Turk, drew out of the ships six Pieces for battery, and a convenient number of pioneers to make way for his approaches thitherward, promising himself to win the place, before any other urgent occasion might call him thence, or the cessation of the calm might serve the Fleet to undertake an expedition by Sea. The Spanish Galleys, (38. in number,) which at that present were in the Bay of Savona, in the Signiory of Genoa, apprehending that the still face of Neptune would be favourable to their Galleys, which moved better upon the water by the strength of the Oars, than the breath of wind, the next day appeared near the French Fleet, and began with some volees of Canon-shot to play upon the French Galleons riding at anchor near Menton. This unexpected offer of combat altered the Count's design against Monaco, his desire was then to put to Sea, but the ordinary shipping was winde-bound, and the Galleys embarred by the Spanish and Florentine Fleet within the Harbour. 
Three Sea. fights betwixt the French and Spanish Fleets.  An unexpected help came in this extremity, some French Galleys taking advantage of the calm, made haste from Ville-Franche, a Sea-towne in Liguria, but under the command of the Duke of Savoy, to the French Armado, carried out the Admiral's Gallion, who having got sea-rome, and attended still with these new-come friends, spread all his sails to recover the little wind that then blue, and in fine, having got the advantage of a breathing air, made up to the Spanish Galleys, and discharged upon them so furiously, that one of three, which had gotten nearest the French Navy, was so shattered, that her two other attendants were constrained to relinquish their intended fight with the French men in the Bay, and to wait upon their companion, which was only busied in discharging her burden of Seamen and Soldiers, into the other bottoms, fearing lest they should perish with the vessel.  
And now the fight began betwixt the two Navies, 
The first.  those in the Bay, though unable to stir, were not altogether unserviceable to their confederates abroad at Sea; the Spanish Fleet was betwixt both, and did both gall them both, and was galled on both sides. Three hours the combat lasted doubtful, till at the last the Patron of Florence a galley of 1200 ton, being sunk by the French Artillery, the Spanish Navy in an orderly retreat, made way towards Genoa, the French by reason they wanted those Daedalian wings, oars, being for the present unable to pursue them.  
The Spanish loss, was not great by this battle, nor the French achievements of much consequence, yet the news thereof being speedily brought to Naples, the Viceroy, sent the Prince D'Ascoli to fortine Gaeta, and Baia, who at the last place, because it might the more easily command the Sea, leveled a great hill, which interposed itself betwixt the City, and the sait water, and with the earth choked up the Harbour called Mari-Morto, that so he might hinder the French from coming thither. And for the security of the other coasts built sundry Forts from the Bay of Saint Mary Magdalene, till the Tower of the Annuntiate, and the Castle à Mare.  
Two hours after the fight near Monaco was ended, a fair gale of wind blew from West-South-West, and then the French hoist up sails to follow the Duke of Ferandina, Admiral of the Spanish Galleys, who rowed by the shore towards Genoa, often sounding for fear of splitting the crazed vessels. Towards evening, the wind fell, and the Spanish Galleys anchored at Saint Rhine, perceiving the French Fleet, which was seven leagues from them, was not able to reach them for lack of wind; A council was then held by the Earl, 
The second.  the Archbishop, and the chief Captains what was to be done; they considered, that they were unable to bring up the whole Navy against the enemy, some part of the Fleet being carried backward towards Monaco by violence of the current, yet unwilling to give the Spanish Seamen time to breath, they concluded to make up to them with 24 Galleys, which they had in the Navy, from Marselles, and Villa-Franca, and with those to play with them, whilst the rest of the Fleet might conveniently come in to give them battle. It was speedily put in practice, and their intent as soon discovered by the Spanish General, who to welcome the French, placed some of his bigger Galleys behinding the Cape de Bordiguere, out of the sight of the Frenchmen, intending by force of his oars to overrun some of their smaller vessels, and so facilitate his victory. But the devise took not, the Alarm was given to the whole French Fleet too suddenly, and at his first appearance, they so saluted him with their shot, that they severed his Galleys, the Captain of Sicily being forced to take the Bay of Savona for safeguard, and the Royal of Spain, in danger to have been surprised, had not the brawn of the Rowers been better, than the force of the Soldiers and Mariners. This victory, though it was not very honourable, as being got without much opposition, was of good consequence to the French. The Levant was cleared of their enemies, and the Navy was as still and quiet as the becalmed sea, till the 27. of September, old style, at which time 14. of the best ships, were commanded to attend the enemy, who at that time lay in Vado, with 35. Galleys. That night they loosed from Arasse, 
The third.  where they had road at Anchor all day, 11 launching into the main, and the other 3. making up towards the Vay, to discover the posture of the enemy. These 3 were the Reere-Admirall of the Squadron of Bretaigne commanded by Poincy, the Vice-admiral of the Squadron of Gwienne commanded by Mantye, and the Lewis of Saint john de Luz commanded by Gyron. The sentinel upon the tower of Genoa, perceived their sails, and to give a signal to the Galleys, kindled 3 fires, and discharged 3 several Canonadoes. The Galleys mistaking the signal, prepared not to fight, but fly, thinking that the whole power of the French Navy, was coming upon them, and fly they did so confusedly to the very walls of Savona, to save themselves, and their shipping under the protection of that Canon, that the French overreached some of the slowest ships with their Ordnance, and slew above 300 men. This is the last passage, betwixt these two great Armadas: winter grew on, and the Seas being unfit to ride longer in, both the Navyes were recalled home, by their several Princes, the Spaniards thinking themselves honoured enough by relieving the Lands, and the French by preserving Provence from invasion.  
Both Navies hovered about the Levant till towards the end of October, without attempting any further upon one another, and then they seemed to repair to their winter roads, 
The Navyes leave the Sea, and retire to Harbour.  those of Naples, to Naples, those of Genoa, to Savona, those belonging to the great Duke to Leghorn, and the French to Marseilles, where they reported, the retirement of the Spanish Fleet, to the great joy of the Maritine towns, and the neighbourhood of Provence, who with alacrity, of the Nobility, and peasants, considering the weakness of the enemies in the Isles, joined themselves to ten Regiments, which the Christian King had sent, to recover Honoria, and Margarita, promising an happy issue to their design, but how it prospered, it is not to be expected in this 4. months History.  
The Confederate Armies by land found more trouble in their enterprises, than the seamen did in their expeditions. Famine and pestilence diminished their forces daily, and disheartened their soldiers, to the advantage of the Caesarean and Spanish Armies, which were better supplied both with men and necessaries, than their enemies. The Duke of Rohan, who should have come in to their succours, was first stopped in his passage at the River of Ticino, about the beginning of August, in returning into the Veltoline, fell sick himself of a double Tertian, which though it kept the ordinary paroxysmes, 
The Duke of Rohan desperately sick; recovereth unexpectedly.  by the violence of the fits caused a kind of Lethargy; and not himself only, but the prime Commanders of his Army, to wit Laniere intendant to the justice and Policy, the Marshals of the Camp, and many other Officers were affected in like manner, to the discouragement of the French forces both in the Veltoline, and in Milanese. The Imperial and Spanish Armies, received the news of his sickness speedily, and soon after of his death, (which though false was not improbable nor incredible, the same relation being brought to the French Court at Paris by an ordinary Carrier) and prepared for the winning of the Fort of Riva, 
And frustrates the design upon Riva.  judging the design to be easily feasible, by reason of the Duke's weakness. But his recovery frustrated that attempt, that happening upon the 17th. day of his sickness by a Fortunate Crisis which put a period to his malady, and enabled him to hold what he had got in the Veltoline, though not to join with the confederate Armies in Italy.  
The Scene of war by land had diverse changes. The forces under the Duke of Savoy and Crequi by the end of june had gotten sundry places of strength in Lombardie, and the third of july old style, 
Varese taken by assault, by the Confederate Armies.  having taken by assault the City of Varese in the Signiory of Genoa (betwixt Savona and Volti) and put the Germane garrison in it to the sword by reason of the infection, left those parts and marched towards Castelleto and Sesto, where they demolished Trino, the house of pleasure to the Count Cerbellone: But then the die turned, and it was enough for them to keep, what they had gotten, no time to adventure upon further Conquests. The Spanish Army had received no small loss the month passed in the battle at Navile, but then was reenforced by some Regiments newly come out of Germany, the Neapolitan forces, and many Milanois, for the marquis of Leganez Governor of Milan, 
Leganez rallieth his forces.  and Generalissimo of that Army, july 16/26 had mustered up the Inhabitants of that great City, from 20. years old to 60. and drawn out as many as he thought necessary for the present service, under the command of 6. Field Marshals, viz: the Prince Triultio, the Marq- Gro. Maria Visconti, Don Philip Sfondrato, Alessandro, and Marcellino Visconti, and Giacomo Fugani, and the Generalate of Don Francisco Mautiques, & with this Army consisting of 14000. Foot, and 5000. Horse, made head against the French forces, which then consisted only of 8000. Foot at most, and 2000 Cavaliers (the pestilence having destroyed almost the one half of the confederate Host) he marched towards them. The combined Armies were at that present enquartered by Bourguemenier upon the river of Ticino, intending there to unite their troops, part whereof were lodged upon the way, by which their victuals were brought from Piedmont, to secure the convoy upon their passage, 
The Confederate Army enquartereth at Romagnano.  and the Spanish Army, marched directly towards Romagnano, to seize of that quarter, and intending to cut off the provisions from the French Armies, lodged themselves betwixt that and Piedmont. Though money be the Sinews, yet victuals are the vital spirits of war, and the Duke of Savoy the General, with the Lieutenant General Crequy, understanding the Spanish design, to prevent it, rose speedily, and by a quick march arrived at Romagnano, where they entrenched themselves to wait upon the enemies proceed, 
The Spanish at Carpignano.  who lay from them about 8 English miles upon the banks of Sesia, in a place called Carpignano.  
The French expected that the Spanish forces would advance towards them, and set upon them in their Quarter, and to that purpose kept a careful watch, sometime showing themselves before theenemy, which stirred not from his Quarter, as if they meant to outbrave him, but moved not thence till they were certified that the Field-marshal, 
The French remove to the Lomeline.  the Count du Plessis Praslin, whom the General had sent to the Castle de Fontana, with 1000 horse, and as many Musketeers, to fetch sour great Canons which be had left there for his more speedy march, was returned to Romagnano, and then because the whole territory thereabouts was wasted by the pressure of his and the Spanish Armies, himself resolved to take up his Quarter in the Lomeline by Candy, near the Fort of Breme, and the Spanish Commander for want of forage, removed his Camp into the centre of Millanez: all the Country thereabouts, to wit, that part from Alexandria to the principality of Piedmont, on both sides the River Taner, (the Lomeline only excepted whether the French Army was marching) all the Novarois from the valley of Sesia, 
The Spanish to Millanez.  and the river of Ticino, till within four leagues of Milan, and all the high Country betwixt Ticino and the River of Ada, being already foraged by the means of this war, which like a Basilisk burnt up the grass and corn where it crawled, and like an Army of Locusts, devoured all the fruit of the earth.  
Three several inducements moved the Duke of Savoy to entrench himself in the Lomeline: the first was the vicinity of the royal Fort of Breme, which was built by him, at that place, 
The royal Fort of Breme built by the Duke of Savoy  where the river of Sesia disgorgeth himself into Poe, betwixt casal and Valentia, and the security he received thereby for his Army, the Fort commanding both the Rivers generally, and the Poe particularly, and more especially; and so yielding the Army a liberty of free commerce upon both the streams, maugre the forces of the enemy, the second was to hinder the inroads of the Spaniards upon the Villages and Frontier Towns of Piedmont, where they had formerly practised all manner of hostility, burning the Towns, putting to the sword both old and young, women and infants, especially at Gatinara, where neither the professed orders of religion, nor the Sanctuaries could secure such as retired to those places of refuge, from the enemy's fury; and lastly the vicinity of Piedmont, from whence he might speedily and conveniently be relieved with men and victuals upon all occasions. So now the French and Savoyards Armies were rather employed in a defensive then offensive war.  
The Caesarian and Spanish forces perceiving how things stood, omitted no opportunity, nor left any stone unmoved which might serve to advance their designs. 
A treasonable purpose upon Villa-Franca discovered and prevented.  It was not questioned by the enemy, whether was more lawful, power or policy, open war, or private practices to attain their ends. Both were practised, and the last though most dishonourable, was not refused. yet the issue was fatal to the instrument, and no way advantageous to the abetters or approvers. A malcontented traitorous heart, forgetting the duty and loyalty which he ought his natural Lord, and seduced by the golden promises of the Spanish General, undertook to deliver him Villa Francha, a Sea port, where there stands a Town and Castle appertaining to his highness of Savoy, in his Estate of Nissa, chalked him out the way by which his forces might come privately and without suspicion, if discovered, and promised an easy admittance into the Town and Citadel. But his treason being discovered, and confessed by himself upon the wrack, the marquis of Bagnasck, Governor of that state, assisted with some French Soldiers, made good the passage first to prevent the dangerous consequences of that enterprise, and afterwards by a Court of justice, put the perfidious traitor to a deserved shameful death. He was a gangrenated member of the Commonwealth, and providence called upon justice to use her sword for his rescission, who otherwise had exposed the whole body to putrefaction.  
It is counted a masterpiece in the Science of Defence, to beat another at his own weapon, and in war, to blow up the Miner by his own work, or to make use of a like project or stratagem, to the ruin of the first deviser. The Duke of Savoy received intelligence in the Camp of the Spanish design, and posted thence to Turin, to give order for the defence of Nissa, and the territory about, 
The Garrison of Spaniards in Crevecaeur driven out, and no blow given.  where being informed of the arrival of the French Fleet, and conjecturing by probable arguments, that the state of his Sea-townes was now secure, he returned with as much speed to the Camp at Candie, for performance of his charge, having stayed but two days only at his Courtat Turin. In the time of his neutrality, he had laid a Spanish Garrison in Crevecaeur, a Town in Gallia Cisalpina, to defend it against all foreign invadors, but now not without cause jealous of the presidiary Soldier fidelity, which at first were brought in to prevent a feared mischief, which by this overture was taken away: He sent to the Prince of Masseran to avoid them, not by violence, but subtlety, unwilling to expose his Subjects to the danger of intestine broils, if it might be effected otherwise. The project was not traitorous, but delusive, the Spanish Soldiers were not amuzed to betray any of their Sovereign's Forts into the hand of a stranger, but to relinquish their forcible possession, and resign it quietly to the right owner. The Prince followed the Duke's directions, and whilst one part of the Spanish Garrison was abroad without the Castle, sporting after the condition of mad young blades, the Prince privately brought in some hundreds of his men, whom he prepared for his turn, who caused the remainder of the old Garrison to quit the place with a still silence, glad that they could keep in their tongues when noise and clamour might have been prejudicial to their lives. And thus the Duke of Savoy got an assurance of one of the principal Frontiers of his dominion.  
Leganez the Spanish General, to regain the loss of Crevecaeur, 
Rotofredi taken in by the Spanish Army.  or to equalise it with a parallel achievement, first attempted upon the Fort of Breme, and failing thereupon the first adventure, unwilling to spend the remainder of the summer without action, turned toward the Fort of Rotofredi sited upon the Poe, distant from Piacenza, about 6 English, or Italian miles, under the Dominion of the Duke of Parma, and took it by composition in the space of three days.  
The Duke was then gone to Mantua to crave 4000 men of the Mantoese, and sent to the state of Venice, to desire as many voluntary auxiliaries to help him in his extremity. His voyage was not altogether fruitless; the Duke of Medina by mediation of friends laid down arms, the Mantuan and the Venetians granted his desire, and at his return finding Rotofredi yielded to the Spaniards, & Valditaro surrendered to the Prince Don john d'Auria, he first chopped of the heads off both the Governors, and then divided his Army into two bands, with the first intending to avenge himself of D'Auria, by the siege of Saint Stephano, 
Valditaro taken by john d'Auria.  and with the latter to recover Rotofredi (if it were possible) out of the hand of the enemy, the place being the Key of his Country, and fit to yield no small succour to Piacenza, if that City should happen to be attempted by the enemy.  
Saint Stephano was taken in by his forces, 
St. Stephano taken by the Du. of Parma.  and the Prince d'Auria, and the Duke stood upon equal terms, in point of martial honour, and military gain, yet not without an hostile emulation, and to reconcile them, the state of Genoa sent first Alessandro Santy, a man of note in that City, to mediate a peace, the Prince being a Citizen and free Burgess of Genoa, and he not prevailing, the Pope sent out a Patent Edict, thereby commanding the Prince to restore Valditaro to the Duke, and the Duke to restore Saint Stephano to the Prince, but whether their swords were blunted by his Keys, it is yet uncertain.  
Rotofredi was well manned both for number of the men and resolution, 
Rotofredi rebesieged by the Parmesans.  and though there wanted not remonstrances of difficulty, and danger, to dissuade the Duke from besieging it, yet he knowing of what perilous consequence it was to have the Spaniards to hold it, resolved to beleaguer it, and if possible to recover it. The Garrison within spared no cost to fortify it, and if art could do it, to make it impregnable. The Army without resolved to relieve it, and (if their complices in the Fort were necessitated) to secure the Garrisons. And yet the Duke changed not his first counsel, on he went, and about july 17/27. sat down before it, planted his batteries, blocked up the passages, by which the Spanish succours should pass, and played upon the Citadel with his Artillery, hoping in the end to carry it. The Garrison answered him by their Canonadoes, and the shot failing, to endamage his well entrenched Army, the Soldiers took up their lesser Arms, and frequently sallied out upon the Camp, still returning with some tokens of gain, and though in one which happened August 4. new style, they were chased back to their very walls, by the marquis Hannibal, third son to the Count Fabiano Scoti, an hopeful young Gentleman, not above 18. years of age, yet they shot him then with a Spingarde, (a kind of Musket charged with many bullets) and slew him; and in another fally afterwards killed the horse under one of the Marquis' brethren, who desiring to avenge his brother's blood, was ranging his forces to encounter them, and somewhat too boldly pressed upon the fleshed enemy. Six weeks the Duke's Forces lay before the Fort, enduring many shocks by the Spanish Garrison, which then beginning to be in extremity, was fortunately relieved in the beginning of September, by their confederates in the Camp of Leganez, who first sent the Colonel Geldas with 2000 
Relieved by the Spanish Army.  horse, to discover the Parmesans posture, and afterwards followed himself with the main body of the Army, to raise the siege, and relieve the Citadel. It was a piece of hot service, and the Spanish General showed himself to be both a discreet and valiant Commander. His way was to be cut out with the sword, or he could get no passage. The Parmesan however inferior to him in number, yet had the advantage of place, and that notwithstanding Leganez assaulted him at once in all his Quarters, and by the help of the presidiaries, who acted their parts well in the prosecution of the adventure, that they killed 600. of the Parmesans common men, and six Commanders, took 300. prisoners, put the rest of the bsieegers to a confused flight, relieved the Fort, and that they might neither lose time nor opportunity, marched speedily into the Camporemotto, in the territory of Piacenza, and there took the Forts of Fircuzola, Borgo, Saint Domino, Buseto, Monticella, 
Divers Forts taken from the Parmesan.  Rivalgar, and the salt pans of Sassio, some by asfault, and some by composition, the country paying down 50000. Rixe-dollers to be spared from pillage.  
The Parmesan was now, reduced to a wonderful straight, his territory wasted, his Forts surprised, and Piacenza the only City he had of note upon the Poè first blocked up, and then straightly besieged by the enemy. Had that place yielded slightly, nothing almost had been left him but Parma, and that too had been exposed to the mercy or fury of the adverse party. The Prince to add Spirit to the Citizens and presidiary souldiets there whilst the Spanish Army was in Campo remoto, 
The City of Piaceusa is, besieged.  knowing it to be a pleasing morsel, and that Leganez would not spare either labour or cost to get it, went thither in person, and not concealing the danger which might, and was to be expected to ensue, desired the Soldiers and Citizens to stand firm, and to follow his example, in withstanding the assailants, assuring them that succours would come from the King of France, and timely too to deliver both that City and the adjacent territory from the eagle's talons. His words gave some comfort to the Citizens and his exemplary actions in his own person, more, it was resolved to attend the good hour of relief, and to endure all extremities before they would surrender. The Spanish General knowing the strength of the place to be such as either he must take it by famine, or not at all, and how easily it might be relieved from Parma, at least by the benefit of the Poe, if not by land, at once caused a royal Fort to be built at Longina, upon the River, and fortifièd the Castle of Sartanino, betwixt the two sister Cities, that no sumpplies either of men or victuals might be brought from Parma thither by land or water, and in the space of five or six weeks, reduced it to such want, that though the Magazine within was sufficiently stored with corn, yet there wanted mills to grind it, and the besieged could get no other meal, than what the hand-mils could afford them; yet still remained they constant to the Duke, expecting the French succours, which came up happily: Septem. 21. Octob. 1. though not to their present delivery, yet to the qualification of their misery.  
Besides the 8000 auxiliaries landed at Nissa, as is before related, 
Sundry auxiliaries sent to the Duke of Parma.  the Christian King dispatched some thousands of men, by the way of the Dolphinate, and Provenze, and made over a good sum of money to the Marshal Crequy for the payment of his Soldiers, and these new Soldiers added to the small forces the Duke of Parma had abroad, made an invasion into Montferat, forced Fontanetto and Percerola, two strong Forts belonging to the King of Spain, to yield, and took up the winter Quarter for their horse in that dominion. The Generalissimo of the confederate Army about the same time, being advertised that the Fort of Breme was much annoyed by 200 Spanish presidiaries which lay in the Town and Fort of Castell-novetto, 
Make an inroade into Montferrat.  three leagues distant from Mortara, gave order to Montgalliard, Commander of the royal Fort of Breme, to attempt if he could take it by onslat, and he attended with 150. Musketeers, drawn out of his own regiment, and 100, others selected out Ferons, 50. Corflets, 2 companies of horse, and one of Dragoons, undertaking the adventure, Octob. 12. two hours before day, marched thither, applied his Petards to the gates, (which answering his entendments) entered immediately, put 80. of the Garrison Soldiers to the sword, took some prisoners, constrained the rest to fly, and giving his soldiers first time to pillage it, soon after burned it to the ground, and returned to Breme the same day with his prisoners and booty. And these two fortunate attempts, and the sacking of the Fort Ottobiano soon after by the same Montgalliard, meeting together, moved the Spanish General to rise with a good part of his Army from the siege, and to leave the City slenderly blocked up, taking his head Quarter at Pavye, nearer home, lest the French and Parmesan forces should make a fresh inroade into Millanez, to the joy of the Piacenzans, who conceived that they themselves alone, were then able to hue out a way for their liberty, though their friends abroad should not come in to assist them. But whether their hopes, grew up to fruit, or were nipped in the blossom, it is yet unknown, and we must refer it to our next discovery.  
Whether it was the jealousy of the Genoois, a people suspicious by nature, and more by reason of their treasure, which is commonly kept with fear, and lost with sorrow, or the thing endeavoured truly by the Spaniards, it is not worth the dispute, yet soon after the Spanish General was remooved to Pavye, he rose from thence, and went to Noni, 
Icalousie betwixt the Genoeses and Spaniards.  with 4000 Foot, and 2000 Dragoons, and the Duke of Ferandina at the same time, viz. Novemb. 2/12. would have brought in the Spanish Fleet into the harbour of Genoa. Curriers sent from Venice and other parts to the same intent, certified the Genoeses, that the Generals by Land and Sea, meant to surprise the City, that Leganez intended to lay these soldiers in the town, whilst the Admiral having made all sure by sea, might secure him of holding it, to the use of the Catholic King his Master, and the state taking notice first of the Land-Armies secret march thither-ward, and afterwards of the arrival of the Fleet at the same time, chained up their Haven, mustered up their Land-men, and to the old train band, added 49. new Companies consisting each of 90. soldiers, and 10. Gentlemen, under several Captains to defend the City, from the violence of the Spanish Armadas, which they concluded, must speedily be effected. The Admiral was the first, and only Commander which appeared, and he finding the Haven barred against his Galleys, went in person to the States assembled in their Town-house, 
The Spanish Fleet forbidden den the harbour of Genoa  desired them to give entrance for the Fleet into the Harbour, it being driven thither by contrary winds, and if forced to abide at Sea in danger to be re-encountred by the French, who had not yet left the coast of Italy. His Oratory could not prevail, but in stead of an expected grant, they gave him an absolute denial, yet seasoned with this cold excuse, that it was not the custom of that Commonwealth, to admit any armed vessels into their Harbour. Ferrandina not taking this for a full answer, began to be instant, and urgent, showing the affection of the King his Master, to that state, and how ill, he might take it, to be denied, such an ordinary courtesy. The chief Magistrate answered, that the state was not behind him, in mutual offices of love, that he had been supplied out of their chamber yearly with great sums of money, and this present year assisted with their Galleys; and that now in stead of a friendly requital, it was more than suspected, he meant to spoil them of their liberties, adding in fine, that if the Fleet did not retire quickly, they would sink his Galleys, beginning with the Admiral, the bottom wherein the Duke commanded, presently giving order to the prime Canoneere, to levy the Ordnance, pointblank upon the Spanish Fleet, and discharge upon it, 
The friends of Carlo d'Auria arrested.  if the Mariners retired not speedily. It was no time to stay. The Duke departed immediately, returned to the Fleet, and sought an harbour elsewhere, and Leganez unwilling to provoke the Genoois any further, marched back again. The Genoeses, delivered from their present fear, inquired further into the business, and Don Carlo d'Auria being accused that he favoured the conspiracy; they sent to Savona, to arrest his parents, friends, and servants to discover the truth, commanded Lucas Giustiniani, Commissary of the Port, and the other lodge in their Galleys, and to keep a careful watch, concluding with the Historian, quod sanctius antiquitus gerebantur bella quam nunc coluntur Amicitiae.  
The Pompeiopolitanes, or Pampelonois, subjects to the King of Spain, in that part of Navarre, which he at this day holdeth, in October, had a design upon the Territory of Bearne, 
The Viceroy of Navarre his design upon Bearne prevented.  which still remains under the Crown of France, though it lie in Navarre: The marquis of Val-Paraiso the Spanish Viceroy, levied as many men, and as secretly as he could in the month of September, to that purpose, but his Musters being not to be concealed, by reason of the violences done by the Chieftains to the common soldiers, who still more affect the Government of the Christian, than the Catholic King, he gave out, that the forces were raised for the defence of Dunkirk, Genoa, and other places, which stood in a friendly relation to Spain. But the first Sun in October discovered his purpose, news was brought to the Bearnois, that the Viceroy was ready to march through the Valley of Roncevall, and thence to pass into the valley of Barentons, to surprise, pillage, and burn the towns of Saint Mary, and Oleron which lay not above two hours going from the Spanish Rendezvous. Hereupon the Baron of Mesples without delay, beat up an Alarm, armed 200. Musquetiers of his own Companies, and drew 300. others out of the two towns, and marched directly to the passage by which the Viceroy should come, and at the first sight discharged upon them, which by nature, being a warlike people, for all that started not, but prepared for their defence. The French Commander seeing their resolution charged, and discharged again upon them, and in the end having slain some few, and wounded many, forced them to return homewards, it being in vain to attempt further, the whole Militia of Bearne, as many as could bear Arms, being by this time, ready to entertain them.  
The Viceroy seeing this enterprise fail, 
He taketh and pillageth john de Luz.  wheeled about to Guiapuscoa, a Province in the North-East of Spain, and thence, by the river of Hendaye, and artived at Saint. john de Luz a port town in Guienne with 2000 horse and about 8000 Infantry. The town is unfortified, though it be near the Frontiers of Spain, save only by a bridge over which they must necessarily pass that come into it. This place, his Army assaulted, and was five times beaten off the bridge by the inhabitants; yet in the end, they carried it, and having plundered it, marched towards Bayonne, a City of strength, and consequence, thinking to surprise that also. But they were met upon their march, by the old Duke d'Espernone, 
Is forced to retreat.  the Duke de Valette, the Count of Grammont, and the marquis of Duras; and by their forces were forced to retreat towards Spain, yet not without doing some damage to the French, for they burned the town of Ascaine upon their return, as they had done Rogne, at their arrival. And thither we must leave Grammont pursuing them, for here this present relation hath a full period.   

THE PASSAGES in Picardy, etc.  
CHAP. III.  
THE fable of Achclous, as it is moralised by that sublimed wit of the late viscount Verulam, in part lively represents the state of France in the late Invasion, though the issue be not altogether answerable. The vaince Cardinal, corrival for honour with the Christian King, brings a great Army into his dominions, takes some of his towns, and appears in field, as if by battle he meant to put the King's armies to flight, and so get the Amalthapan horn his Country. The King to suppress the growing storm, musters up his forces, fortifies the passages, gives sundry directions to his several Commanders; and in the end himself appears in field in person to stop the progress of his professed enemy.  
The Infant Cardinal, to avoid the calumny of an unjust quarrel, and vexatious war, first published the cause of his invasion by D'ensuing declaration.  

The Cardinal Infants his Manifesto for his War in France.  
Ferdinandus by the Grace of God, Infant of Spain, Lieutenant, Governor, and Captain General of the Low-countries, and of Burgundy.  
UNTO all those to whom these present Writings shall come Greeting, France against all reason and justice, having moved and maintained war upon the States of the Emperor, and of my Lord the King, given extraordinary succou both of men and money, their rebellious subjects procured the Swedes to invade the Empire, received & bought of them the towns of Alsatia, and of other hereditary countries' appendent to Our most royal houses, not sparing the Catholic League itself, which had taken Arms for none other end, but for the good of Religion: And it being notorious that the same France, (after all these public and manifest controventions to the treaty of Peace) hath finally proceeded to a breach thereof, whereas we rather had cause to denounce the war, That she hath sent for her army to over run the Low-countrieses, the duchy of Milan, and other free fees of the Empire in Italy, and now lately the Country of Burgundy, (contrary to the laws of neutrality) contrary to the public Faith, and contrary to the express promises of the Prince of Conde, disguising in the mean time those attempts & breaches of Faith before the face of all Christendom, with certain weak precepts, and false surmises contained in diverse Declarations approved in the Parliaments of France, and accompanying all those unjust proceed, with sundry insolences, calumnies, and contempt of sacred persons; and having also observed, that this Our so long connivance at so manifest injury, hath served for no other end but to make our enemies more audacious and insolent; and that the compassion which we have had towards France, hath drawn on the ruin of those whom God hath put under the obedience of their Majesties: For those considerations, according to the power which we have received from His Imperial Majesty, we have commanded our joined Armies, to enter into France, for no other purpose, then to oblige the King of France to enter into firm Covenants of a good and sure Peace, and to remove those impediments which may hinder this so great a good: And forasmuch as it principally concerneth France,, as weary of such tumults to hearken to this proposition; we cannot but believe, that all the States of that Kingdom, will not only set forth their demonstrance, but also if need be assist us with their Forces, that the King convinced, either by arguments or arms, may be induced to chastise those which have been the authors of all those wars which these 7 or 8 years past have been in Christendom. And which when they had provoked, and assailed, all their neighbours have brought upon France all these evils which she suffereth at this present, and all those which do at this time threaten her: And although we are well informed of the weakness and division into which those great disorders, and evil counsels have cast that Kingdom, yet we declare that the intentions of their Majesties, are not to serve themselves of this occasion to ruin it, or to draw from thence any other profit, then by that means to work a peace in Christendom, which may be stable and perminent for these reasons, and withal, to show what estimation their Majesties do make of the Prayers of the Queen-mother of the most Christian King, we give them to understand, that we will protect and use as friends, all those of the French nation, who either jointly, or severally, shall second these our designs, and have given order, that neutrality shall be held with those of the Nobility, and with the Towns that shall desire it, and which shall refuse to resist them who shall oppose good of Christendom, and their own safety, against whom shall be used all manner of hostility, without giving quarter to their persons, or sparing either their houses or goods.  
And our further will is, that all men should take notice, that it is the resolution of their Majesties, not to lay down arms, till the Queen e-Mother of the Most Christian King, be satified and contented, and till the Princes unjustly expulsed from their estates be restored, and until the peace be fully ratified that they may not fear to be disturbed by him who hath violated the treaties of 
* Only a pretended treaty (say the French) where in Father joseph the Capuchin, being employed by the Cardinal Richelew, as agent for the Christian K. after a negotiation of 3. years to no purpose, finding himself deluded by the Austrians and Spaniards returned into France revealed what he had discovered, which caused the French King to take up Arms.  Ratisbon, and others made before and since he hath had the mannagement of the affairs of France, neither do we pretend to draw any other damage from the good success, which it shall please God to give unto our just persecutions, then to preserve and augment the Catholic Religion, to pacify Europe, to relieve the oppressed, and to restore unto every one, that which of right belongeth unto him.  
Given at Mentz this fifth of july, 1636.   
And then leaving a flying Army with the Count de Feria, for the safeguard of the Provinces under him, immediately, as if he would not give time to his Majesty to arm himself against his fury, viz. about the end of july appeared before Roy, a small piece in Picardy, with 14000 horse, 10000 foot for service, and 3000 others which were to be employed to bring in forage for the Cattles, and bread for the Army. A prodigious Comet never appeared more formidable; a sudden fear of his power so surprised both the Citizens and Peasants generally, that not only the inhabitants of those Frontiers abandoned their habitations, but some pieces of strength, 
La Capella and Catelet delivered up traitorously.  as la Capelle a Catelet (the Commanders more ready disloyally to take part with the foreign Invader, then to hazard a blow for their Liege Sovereign) yielded to the Spanish Prince, and so facilitated his enterprise against Corbie, a City of some importance upon the river Soame; which being commanded by as false a man as either of the other, and followed their example, and surrendered it before the French Army could come to secure it.  
His Majesty in this confusion, knowing himself to be the man, to whom the care of so many people was committed, slept not, but advising with his Council in the beginning of August, raised a puissant Army for the recovery of his Country, and expulsion of his enemies. His goodness to the inhabitants of his Frontiers in Picardy, Champagne, and Burgundy, in releasing so many from their taxes, and contributions for the space of three years, as should voluntarily serve in this expedition; and his wisdom in commanding those Gallants which ruffled it in the streets of Paris, when they should have been before the face of the enemy; whether Commanders or ordinary Gentlemen, to repair to their colours within four and twenty hours, the one upon the penalty of the loss of their places, the other upon forfeit of their Gentry, and loss of their goods to be employed to his Majesty's necessary use, and charging the superfluity of unnecessary Artificers to attend his service, by his Edicts published August 15/5, speedily supplied him with a puissant Army of fifty thousand foot, and fifteen thousand horse, well mounted to hinder the Cardinal's progress.  
And yet before the Army should march forth, his Majesty not relying merely upon the multitude of his host, nor the strength of his horses, proclaimed a solemn Fast: whereupon the Romanists, the Archbishop of Paris, the Sorbonne, and the Curates of the several parishes, made prayers for the good success of his Majesty's Armies in the City: and the Protestants met together at Charenton in faithful devotion for their Sovereign. Where after supplications made for his Majesty and the Kingdom, Drelincourt, the Protestant Preacher, made a Sermon to admonish his auditors of their faithfulness and duty to their Sovereign.  
This being past, 
Du Beck and S. Leger. Governors of La Capelle, and Catelet.  to strike terror into all treacherous hearts, which might by the impunity of perfidious disloyal men, take courage in after time to conspire with the enemy against their Sovereign and the public State, his Majesty in a full Council of war, proceeded against du Beck, late Governor of la Capelle, and St. Leger, Commander in Catelet, for their base Cowardice and treason (a coward is seldom loyal) in surrendering their places of charge to his Majesties and the kingdom's adversaries. Their several crimes were first published, and upon examination Du Beck was found to have delivered up La Capelle within seven days after it was first surrounded by the Spanish Army, the Moats and Ditches about it being then full of water, and himself not constrained thereunto by any private sedition, as he had falsely rumoured it, that on the contrary, the Officers and inhabitants were zealous to preserve the City for the King's use, 
Arraigned.  and that he had compelled them to sign the written capitulation which he had published for his own justification, threatening them, that if they refused to subscribe, he would deliver them into the hands of the Spaniards, without quartier. That he had not brought one handful of earth to fortify the City since the siege began, and that he kept two Flemings privately in the Citadel. Catelet was found to have been delivered up within three days after the enemy appeared before it. That the Governor kept but one Cannonier in the City. That he was able and provided sufficiently, having fifty Carabins, three hundred men in Garrison, and sixty pays in his hand to have maintained the place good for the King. That he alone made the Capitulation, and in fine both these Commanders being proved to have been negligent in walking their rounds, and doing the other offices belonging to their charge, and having sufficient Ammunition for their defence, and yet to have surrendered their Cities without a breach made in the walls, had this horrid sentence pronounced against them following. 
Sentenced.  That the bodies of the said Du Beck and S. Leger should be bound to four horses in the Grieve, and drawn into four pieces, that their quarters should be planted upon several posts in the way to Picardy, their heads set upon Poles upon the Port St. Denis: All which they should suffer in person if they could be apprehended, or otherwise in effigy. And because the said Du Beck, and S. Leger, in stead of repairing to his Majesty to give an account of their fact, as finding themselves guilty of so capital a treason, have absented themselves from the justice of the King, His Majesty ordered further, that whosoever should bring in either of their heads, should have for a reward sixty thousand Livers. That the said Du Beck and S. Leger, and their posterity, should for ever be degraded from their Nobility. That the Arms of their families should be defaced, their principal houses razed, and for a perpetual memory of their detestable treason, 
And executed in effigy.  in the place where their principal houses stood, a pillar should be erected, with a brazen table appendent thereunto, wherein this sentence should be engraven, That all their goods should be confiscate, That not only those, which should after this sentence give them any relief, should be accounted Traitors, and so proceeded against, But that whosoever should make any proposition for revocation of this Confiscation, should be held as a Conspirator against his royal Majesty. And in fine, this judgement was put in execution Monday Aug. 18. the Commanders being executed upon the place of the Grieve in picture, and their Arms razed.  
This decree against these his disloyal subjects, was seconded by another careful Ordinance for the welfare of his faithful people the Merchants, the Merchants adventuring upon the Rivers of Aisne and Oyse, who were enjoined under pain of the loss of their bottoms and merchandise, to have their boats well manned, and armed against the straggling enemies. And that decree being past, 
The Queen made Regent of France, during the king's absence  the King himself having left the politic government to the Queen, and some selected Counsellors, during his absence, September 15 marched with this Army Royal toward the enemy, the Avantguard being led by the Cardinal Duke, and the Marshal chastilion, the Battle by his Majesty, and the Monsieur his brother, 
The King's Army marcheth forward.  herre apparent to the Crown; and the Rere-guard by the old marquis de la Force, an old Soldier of singular experience, and known fidelity.  
This somewhat abated the fear of the Natives, who now began to gather heart upon discovery of the King's care over them, and inverted the designs of the Cardinal Infant, who though he had taken Corby before, with as much ease as he had done la Capella and Catelet, by the corruption or cowardice of the Governor and inhabitants (for though the Lord of Premi August 16. having got secretly into the town, omitted neither entreaties nor good Remonstrances to persuade him and the Burgesses from rendering it, and the Soldiers both Swedes & French therein, vowed their constancy to the King, yet neither of these could alter their resolution from giving up the place) though the Prince had formerly dared the Count of Soissons to a set battle, which he wisely, contrary to the fiery nature of the French, avoided, expecting his Majesty's succours; yet upon the appearance of his Majesty's Armies, yet he now attempted no designs, but fell to fortifying the towns he had taken, as intending only to keep what he had gotten, and not adventure further to enlarge his victories.  
And yet now began the time of action, for the Infant Prince Cardinal seeing himself in a strange Territory, and his numbers unequal to those of the Christian King, employs his Crabats to spoil the country, sent for two new Regiments to the Duke of Feria, employed his spies to discover the woods & passages, how they were guarded, and where the river was passable. But the Crabats found it not so easy now as they had done formerly to rove about that Province, the Garrisons of Amiens, Abiville and Peronne, who before had enough to do to defend themselves, now secured by the Kings near Army, being at leisure to attend these voleurs, and the spies being watched, taken and hanged, seldom returned to give an answer of their message. The French Army encouraged by the Infant Cardinals not pressing forward, began now to expect his retreat backward, and in that confidence were divided, the one part under the Monsieur, whom his Majesty returning for a short space to Chantiley, had made his Lieutenant General for the siege of Roy, another for Corby, under de la Force, and the third under the command of the Count Soissons, to attend the Infant, whose numbers were now much abated, partly by pest and famine, and partly by their separation for the fortification of Roy, La Capelle, Catelet and Corby, of which they were yet masters.  
The Monsieur appeared before Roy, September 8. 18. 
Roy taken by the Monsieur.  when and where the Gentry of the kingdom in an honourable emulation began first to show their valour, and to express that there was nothing they would not dare to do for their Sovereign, in the view of the Son of France. The place being but a little one, could not long hold out; yet such was the fidelity of the Spanish Garrison to their Prince, that they endured a whole day's battery by a dozen Canons, and would not surrender it till they perceived a breach in the walls, nor then neither, but upon these honourable conditions, That the Captain and the Soldiers should march out with the arms and baggage which they brought into the town, and be conducted with a safe convoy to their army; which being granted, Weslaus Kaye, governor there for the Emperor, surrendered one of the Ports that night, and the town next morning. The Soldiers had their conditions truly kept; but the Magistrate of the place, being a new created one, and one that received his place from the Spaniards, was hanged the 10. 20. of the same month, and some other of the inhabitants accused and arrested for having had correspondence with the enemy. This was the first advantage the French had gotten against the Cardinal Infant, since his first entry into the kingdom: which though it was not glorious in respect of the place, yet was of good consequence in respect of the issue. For there was found corn enough to supply the whole Army for many days, and the Spaniards were deprived of that sustenance, which might have relieved their pressing necessities.  
The King, who during the short time of his retirement from the army, had given order by a counsel of state, to his Mint-masters, to enhance the price of monies, after the rate of gold, 
The price of money raised in France.  from 320 livers to 384, and silver from 23 livers and ten souses to 25 livers for the better payment of his Soldiers. Being certified of the success at Roy by Poitrincourt an esquire of his body, September 10.20. within two days following returned to his Army at Roy; where, having given direction for the establishing of all things there, himself and the Monsieur marched toward Corby, to bring that place again to his obedience.  
Corby being now in the Infant's power, was strongly fortified, as being reserved for a winter quarter, for such Spanish Soldiers, who were both able and willing to sally abroad sometimes for pillage, and molest the inhabitants of Picardy. One thing only was wanting, convenient hand-mills for grinding of their corn, which neither the Garrison could make, for want of materials, nor their friends abroad supply them with, by reason of the circumvallations made about it, though yet fare off by the King's forces. The only help the Garrison and town had, was the Mill at Fovilloy, upon the side of the Moorasse, near the City. Hereupon Beaufort, a Dauphinois, a Gentleman belonging to the Cardinal Duke, then employed upon the King's service at Amiens, 
A bold and prosperous adventure upon the Mill at Corby.  September 16. intending to deprive his Majesty's enemies of that advantage, with a chosen company of an hundred men, about nine at night, took six Boats, and therein embarked his friends, who about two in the morning arrived at Dours, a village upon the Soame, a league and half from Corby, where they landed, and leaving eighteen of their company, to guard the Barks, the rest were conducted by three Peasants over a great plain; on the right hand whereof in a Village named Vigni, were lodged seven hundred of the enemy's horse, and on the left hand in an hamlet near Dours, the Corpse du guard of his Infantry. The beginning of the adventure was full of hazard, yet the issue was prosperous. They passed on over the two bridges at Corby, and came to the half Moon without any encounter by the enemy. Good fortune attended the hardy Gentleman, the Spaniards were then upon their watch, and the French Soldiers espying the several fires made by the enemy upon their Corpse du guards, grew timorous, and would have retired, had not the valour of their commander, and forwardness of seven volunteers, which engaged themselves with him in the action, been a whetstone to sharpen those spirits which fear had dulled. But he enjoining the rest to follow his example, in a discreet silence led on to the Barricadoe at the head of Causeway, where he broke the chain with Axes, fell furiously upon the Corpse du guard, and put them all to the sword, and thence marched to the Mill, where they found another Corpse du guard, the Commissary for provisions, and sixty Soldiers which were come to bring meal to the Army; all which in one quarter of an hour they out in pieces, and then burned the Mill, and wagons provided for the Portage of the grists, with four thousand crowns worth of corn and meal; and then making a bravado before the town of Corby, distant from the Mill about two hundred paces, returned safe to Amiens.  
The Duke de Chaunes, Commander for the King in Amiens, before the design of Beaufort, had conceived a like project for the recovery of the Fort at Morevill, from the Spaniards fingers, a place strong for situation, and a convenient hold for the invaders, who sallying from thence, plundered the circumjacent country, even to Clerimont, and hindered the traffic up the River of Morevel to Amiens, 
The Fort of Morevil taken by Onslat.  and now esteeming it more feasible, by the success of Beaufort at Corby, than he had done formerly, resolved to put it in execution. The Trophies of Miltiades roused up the sluggish spirits of Themistocles and Previl, a young gentleman, and Captain in Amiens, not envying the former Cavilaries glory, but desirous to share in his honour, with 120 musquetiers selected out of the Garrison, and commanded by chosen officers, and one company of light horse, and another of the Duke's Carabins, Sept. 7. 17. undertook the adventure. The speech concerning the enterprise, and the prosecution, were almost contemporaries, the Embryo was not long in forming, but as soon produced, almost, as conceived. Preüil had his desire, and the 8.18. he arrived with his followers at the Mill near the Fort, where he encountered a Corpse du guard of the enemy, and put them all to the Sword. Thence the forlorn hope conducted by a Sergeant (who was slain by a Musket shot from the Castle) passed the Ditches, though in water up to the Armpits, and a Petardior amongst them fixed his engine of devastation to one of the gates, which being fired, made no bigger a breach, than for two men to enter in Front: The Garrison who had discovered the French, using their best art and means to abate the force if they could not altogether prevent and hinder its operation.  
But the rest of the adventurers perceiving now this small gap open for their admittance, ran through the waters to assist their companions, Bel-castle, and Souland, 2 Gentlemen and Captains, the first of De Breze his regiment, the other of Vigans, being the first that entered, met happily with the Lorraine Captain, the prime commander there, who demanding Quarter, had it given him, but Preüil entering immediately with the rest of the forces fell upon the Garrison, slew 50 of the 120 Soldiers, which kept the place for the Spaniard, and took the rest prisoners, not refusing to give Quarter to any that begged it: Thus fare he went by commission which could not limit him, who being encouraged by his fortune, marched to another Mill, guarded by some of john de Werth his Cavellary, whom he slew, and took their provisions for his own use, depriving the Caesarean Commander by that means of part of the sustenance ordained for his retinue.  
News of both these last attempts and the consequences, was sent to the King by special Curriers, and came ere looked for to the Infant's Camp, who considering the strength of the King's army, and the necessities to, which he was liable in a foreign land, in an orderly retreat took the way of Peromud, toward Bapaume, for the refreshing of his forces, and better conveniency. His Majesty of France, now in a manner quit of that enemy, gave instant order for the straight siege of Corby, which being held by a strong Garrison, much annoyed all Picardy, and upon friday, Septemb, 16. 26. being his Birthday, by his order given to the marquis de la Force, to whose care he trusted, and of whose fortunes by the prefedent actions he had more than a good expectation. 
The outworks at Corby taken by La Force.  The Marshal observed the King's orderance, and happily executed what was enjoined him. A good director, who is neither Foolhardy, nor nicely timevous, hammers out the way for himself and his dependants. And such was this old Commander, who in person viewed the enemy's guards, observed their intrenchments, which work was best secured, which more easily mastered, where the Sentinels were vigilant, where negligent, and having not without hazard thus begun his round, the same night beat his enemy from his Horn works, made 〈◊〉 with the sword upon the greater part of the soldiers attending in the outworks, and forced the rest to retire within the walls of the city.  
This his Majesty's birthday was crowned with a victory, and this victory might have been an Omen of perpetual success to the King's enterprises, had not the Raven croaked from the hollow Oak, and this honey been mingled with bitter Myrrh and Aloes, But the wisest men are sometimes caught in a snare, and though the eye of providence would be ever watchful, yet there wants not a Mercury to charm this Argus to sleep security, or on overweening opinion of each man's several abilities, deluding the ablest understandings to their own ruin. 
A fortunate attempt against the French, by john de Werth  The French army being now masters of the Spaniards works, without the city, were so far from fear of being assaulted by the Prince Cardinal's forces, that they intended to make an attempt upon them, and to this purpose, September 23. Stilo novo, sent out a party to descry the Quarter of john de Werth, which they meant to surprise the next day ensuing. But the strange vicissitude of fortune, which misled the Conductors of the Werth out of his way, when he was going with 1800 horse to make adventure upon the French Camp, brought him directly upon the French espyals, who mistaking him, for a party of their own, revealed to him their purpose, whither, and to what end they came abroad. The Baron heard their discourse, and being as well versed in the Poleticks, as the Polomicks, hid his Lion's skin, and shown the Foxes, told them, he could give them a particular information of the state of things there, and desired them to conduct them to the French Quarters, whither he was going, though misfortunately he had mistaken his way. The spies, whom otherwise he would have forced to obey him willingly, brought him to Montign, a village betwixt Corby and Dours, where lay 3 Regiments of horse, 2 Regiments of foot, and 5 companies of Dragoones. There needed then no exhortation to encourage his Soldiers, the present condition of the French soldiers cried out against themselves, though their tongues were locked up in silence. They were generally at rest, not suspecting an enemy, and severed in three several Quarters, as confident of their own ability, to defend themselves singly if occasion should require it. The Almain General stayed not to bid them arm, but fell upon them as he found them, slew many which were not able to defend themselves, took 800 prisoners, carried away 1500 horses for service, and might have been possessed of their Baggage too, had not the devouring fire which he cast amongst them prevented him. The young Duke of Wirtenberg who was lodged in that Quarter scaped miraculously, taken he was, but mistaken.  
How welcome the report of this petty conquest (not gotten by a manly fight, but cast upon the Caesarean Commander by fortune, as himself told the Infant Cardinal) was to the Spaniards, it is to be judged by the Bonfires which were hereupon made in Flanders, and the reward of 6000 Crowns, which the Infant sent the Baron the next day for this service, by Charoletto his Secretary. The Christian King accounted it as a scratch, not as a wound, and with a countenance showing anger, more than sorrow proceeded, to the straight blocking up of the City. To this purpose, his Majesty the 28 of the same month, went to Amiens, whither he had caused some of his principal Commanders to repair, and there consulting with the Count of Soissons, the Duke of Angoulesme, the Marshals Chastillon, and La Force, Hallier, and young La Force Marshal of the Camp; 
Corby straight beleaguered.  the manner of it was thus concluded, and put into execution speedily. Fontenay Marivil one of the Fielde-Marshall, with 1000 foot, and 2000 horse were to encamp in a wood, on that side toward Bargoyne. The marquis de la Force, and the Field Martial Lambert to guard the works on that side towards Paris, and the rest of the Army to be under the command of Monsieur, and the Count of Soissons, who were to be inquartered at Buicy, and Lon-villey a league and half from Corby, on that side toward Dours: All which was done accordingly the same day: His Majesty took up his quarter at Demvin, a village upon the River of Soame, and distant from the City one league, not being able to come nearer, the village in the valley upon the Soame, being burnt up by the Spanish army, and those upon the hills, not only inconvenient to reside in for want of Water, but infected with the Pest also, increased by the Corpses of dead men and Carrion, which were left there uninterred, the Spaniarde having filled up most of the pits, with the bodies of dead horses and other nastiness.  
It is almost beyond belief to admit the reports which are given out of his Majesty's vigilance in this occasion; yet it is sure, that he performed the part of a right. General, and Father of his Country, without giving or admitting the least opportunity for them within to make any dangerous sallies forth, or those without, his enemies and their confederates, 
The King of France his vigilancy.  to relieve them, October the 9 new style, himself took horse to discover the Spaniards order in his Camp near Bapaume, and the country of Artois, and to see what passages were left open for the forces to bring relief to the besieged. He was attended by his brother the Mounseur, the Count Soissons, the D. of Angolesme, the Marshal de la Force, the D. of Beaufort, and others, who after 12 hours travail held a Counsel on Horseback, wherein it was concluded to give the Infant Cardinal battle in open field, if he should return to secure those in Corby. The tenth, himself surveyed the works, and caused 200 Canon shot to be discharged against the City: The twelfth, made a Muster of his army, to see the number of his people, how many were slain, how many sick, how many departed without licence, and thus continued in his unwearied pains, till he had so straitened them within the City, that they were hopeless to avoid him, the P. Cardinal being gone to Cambray, Prince Thomas, and john de Werth abiding at Arras, every one taking order for his Winter-quarter, and then his Majesty, who had all this time behaved himself like Cato's Gardener, Cujus vestigia, whose presence alone was able to expel all offensive vermin, at the special supplication of the Cardinal, returned to Chantilly to breathe a better and more wholesome air for the space of some few days, his own quarter being infected with the contagious Pestilence, giving first order to the Marshals de la Force, and Chastillon, to prosecute the enterprise.  
These Chieftains performed their trust faithfully, and omitting nothing that might be advantageous for his Majesty's service, that the besieged, straitened for victuals, hopeless for succour, and seeing the French prepared for an assault, the last of October, old style, they sent a Drum to desire terms of Capitulation, and their Commanders putting forth a flag of Truce, appeared upon the walls, desiring Commissaries with whom they might enter into treaty.  
The Cowt of Soissons, 
The Garrison in Corby capitulates.  who at this time was come to the Camp, gave a willing and gentle ear to their propositions, which were briefly couched in these few words, that they desired a cessation of arms till November 4.14. at ten in the morning, at which time, if they were not relieved by the Infant of Spain, they would surrender upon fair quarter for themselves, and the loan of 100 wagons to carry away their luggage. Many inducements there were, which moved the Count to assent to their desires, the goodness of the place, and special care of the lives of the King's subjects, which must have been endangered, if he should attempt the assault. Assent he did, and employing both his eyes, the one to look behind him, to prevent their expected succours: the other before him, for a continual watch upon the town, expected the day and hour apppointed. The measurer of time, the Sun, had run his course, and yet no relief appeared. But then the wise Commander sent an officer to remember them of their conditions, and the besieged returned an answer, that they were ready to perform their covenants. An hour lost cannot be recalled. The Count instantly dispatched the grand master of the Artillery, with the wagons, which were admitted in, and loaded by 2 in the afternoon. Then the Count advanced with his Forces to one of the ports: the garrison in the interim departing the same way, they came in by the Ancre-port.  
The garrison consisted of diverse nations, Spaniards, Italians, Walloons, Lorraines and Almains, and observed a kind of state in their going out. First the horse, whereof there were 3 Companies. Next them followed the wagons, loaden with 600 sick men, and 400 women. Then 2 Canons and 3 wagons filled with ammunition. After all these came the foot, the Walloons and Germans, with their Commanders afore them; 
Corby surrendered to the Swedes.  the Italians after them, but without their chieftains, because they would not assent to the surrender; and lasty the Lorraines and Spaniards, who were all safely conducted to Behancourt 2. leagues from Corby, that night; and had a stronger convoy the next day (upon giving of hostages) to bring them into Artoys, for fear of the Peasants, which being enraged against them for their cruelties, would otherwise have taken a sharp revenge upon their persons.  
Tidings of this achievement were dispersed abroad speedily, and came to the King at Chantilly, Novemb. 5. 15. by 4. in the morning, who instantly went to church to give thanks for this conquest, and directed his Letters to the Duke of Moubazon, one of the Peers, Governor and lieutenant-general for the King in Paris, and in the Isle of France, to the same effect, the tenor whereof was as followeth.  
Cousin, having received power and mercy from God, 
The King's letter to the Duke of Moubezon.  to recover the Town of Corby, late possessed by the enemy of this State, and to force them to departed from Bourgoyne, whither they were entered with a puissant Army; I thought fit to give you notice of this happy news, and to desire you to inform my Subjects, under your charge, thereof also; and would have you give order that Te Deum may be sung in the Church of Nostre Dame, to which purport also I have written to the Archbishop of Paris, whom I would have you to assist therein as is accustomed, that we may praise God fon this happy success, in which I will not have you fail to give me satisfaction.  
Shantilly, Novemb. 5. 15. Signed Lewis, Delomine.  
Corbye, being thus recovered by the King, and the formidable Spanish Army (consisting of 45 Regiments of horse, 6 Regiments of Dragoons, 29 Regiments of Infantry, with the fresh supplies, and as well provided of Artillery) being retired homeward, His Majesty put his Anrmie into several garrisons, to secure his frontiers, providing sufficiently for the presidiary Horsemen and enjoining them, not to exceed the proportions. The allowance for each Gindarme by the day, was 4. pounds of bread, betwixt white and brown, well baked and wholesome, 3 pounds of flesh, Beef, Veal, or Mutton; two pints of Wine Paris measure, growing upon the place, or in lieu thereof; 4 Pints of Beete or Cider; 40. pounds of Hay; and 7 Pecks of Oats; The Captain to have 6 shares, the Lieutenant 4. the Ensign 3. the Quartermaster 2. the Farriets, and under-officers each as one Man at Arms. Each Light-horse was allowed 3 pounds of bread conditioned like the former: 2 pounds of flesh Beef, Veal, or Mutton. 3 Chopines of Wine, or 3 pints of Beef, or Cider, 30 pounds of Hay, and 5. pecks of Oats. The Captain to have 6 shares, the Lieutenant 4 the Cornet 3. the Quartermaster 2. and the Farriers, and under-officers, each for a man and half. Each Carabin, and Dragoon was permitted to share the moiety of a light horse, the Captain to have 6 shares, the Lieutenant 4. the Cornet 3. the Farriers & under-officers, each the proportion allotted to a Carabin, or Dragoone. All which was to be delivered presently, and really upon the Muster of the Troops, and their entrance into their assigned Garrrisons, in the presence of the Governors, Majors, and Sheriffs, which should take a list of the Soldiers, and renew their Muster every 10. days. This provision to be paid in specie, and not to be exchanged into money upon any pretence whatsoever. It was ordered also, that the Soldiers receiving these provisions, should exact nothing else of their Hosts, save only customary utensels as a Bed, Table-linnen, a Pot, a Gridiron, a Spit, a Chimney, and a Candlestiks; and he which would be better accommodated, should pay for it out of his purse, upon pain of exemplary punishment. To which Conditions, all the Captains and Officers were to subscribe their hands, upon pain to answer for their defaults in their own persons.  
This Decree, was made at the Camp of Demvin. October. 28. 18. 1636. Signed Lovis, SUBLET.   

The Passages in BURGUNDY, LORRAINE, and ALSATIA.  
CHAP. IU.  
MVltiplicity of Business cannot be effected without many hands, much expense, and diligence. The Christian King was at once employed in sundry occasions: there was not a postern Gate whereby an Enemy might enter into his Kingdom, but the opening thereof was attended either with the Imperial or Spanish Armies, which were ready upon the least opportunity to make their entrance thereby. The Imperial Forces under the Earl of Gallas and Lamboy, were ready to take their way into France through Alsatia, Lorraine, and Burgundy: the Neapolitans and Spaniards prepared to do like by the way of Provenze, and to that purpose furnished out a Fleet to Sea: the Pampelonois and other Navarrois' subject to the Catholic King, would not be behind therest, but addressed themselves to make an inroad into Guiene, and the Country about Bayon; and either to repel them which had entered into his Kingdom, or prevent them which intended it, required both a full Magazine of Ammunition, and multitudes of men: To supply his necessities with Ammunition, his Christian Majesty though he had formerly restrained the making of Gnn-powder in his Dominions, 
The Patent given by his Majesty to some peculiar Powder-makers reversed.  and committed the care for that to some peculiar Patentees, yet now Aug. 1/11 by a public Proclamation signed by himself, and Sublet his principal Commissary for open Edicts, and sealed with the great seal of the Kingdom, he not only permitted, but enjoined all Saltpetre men, and those which had been sellers, or makers of Powder throughout the Realm formerly, to use their former Mystery; and the Powder-makers especially to repair their Engines, and make as much store of that sort of provision as they could possibly, forbidding expressly the Patentees to molest them in their work, his designs both for the present and to come, being such as should require not their hands only to furnish him sufficiently, but the help also of all such like Artists, under his obedience: and for men he raised diverse armies, and disposed them severally under sundry Commanders. The Earl of Harecourt, and the Archbishop of Bourdeaux being designed Generals of his Navy for the defence of Provenze by Sea, and offence of the Neapolitan and Spanish Navy: the Duke of Valette entrusted with the care of Gascogne and Guien; and the P. of Conde, D. Bernhard of Saxen Weymar, and the Cardinal Valette, second son to the D. d' Espernon, being engaged jointly and severally, as occasion served, to attend his affairs in the County of Burgundy, Lorraine, and Alsatia.  
The P. of Conde in the beginning of May had laid a straight siege to Dole a City upon the Ledan, 
Dole besieged by the Prince of Conde.  strong by situation, but more fortified by Art; and so plied his business, that though it was built upon a Rock of incredible hardness, Aug. 4. new style, he had brought a Mine therein to such perfection, that upon the twelfth of the same month he gave an assurance to his Army it should be sprung to the purpose, and admonished his fouldiers to prepare for the Assault.  
In this extremity the besieged sent their Agent first to the Catholic Cantons in the King of Spaine's name, to desire their succours. The Agent discharged his office faithfully, neither his labour in travelling from one place to another, to speak with those States severally, nor not prosecuting any remonstrance (as their confederation made with Spain in the year, 1634. 
Sendeth to the Cantons for succour, but is denied.  nor the puissance of the King of Spain, as able, or his known justice, which would spur him on to stand for them if they stood in need) to move them to condescend to his desires. The Helvetians besides their private answer given to the Garrisons Agent, willing to give them what satisfaction they possibly could, without giving offence to the French, dispatched speedily a Colonel to Dole, who coming as an Ambassador from the Swiss, was permitted to pass through the Camp peaceably and admitted into the Town, where he declared the causes why the States of Helvetia, could not assist the City against the King, and was heard patiently; and dismissed quietly, but before he could go out of the reach of Musquet-shot, a bullet shot from the City, whether at random or by aim, it is uncertain, her him in the neck and slew him. The French soldiers took up the body, and buried it with their Military Ceremonies at Auxonne a City upon the Some, distant from Dole five French miles, the Prince of Conde himself attending upon the Hearse to honour his Funerals.  
The besieged thus deprived of their hopes, grew desperately valiant, and resolving not to quit the place, but with loss of their lives, made diverse fallies upon the Camp, though with manifest hazard in the attempt, and loss in the execution, assayed to burn the French galleries made of wood, and though the issue did not answer their expectation, concluded to stand upon their defence to the utmost, 
Is relieved by the Duke of Lorraine.  without admitting a thought of agreement with the assailants. The Events of war are probable & no more. The French conceived already a certain victory, but the Die turned, an unexpected relief came to help the Garrison, & they who were formerly confined to the precinct of their walls, got liberty not only for their recreation and refreshment, but for enlargement also of their spoils and victories.  
Charles Duke of Lorraine, a tributary Prince to the Crown of France, dispossessed of his Country by the Christian King, and succoured by Caesar, being now the Commander of an Army of 12000 men, came before he was looked for, to visit the Camp, and sending first 2000 Crabats, all horsemen, for discovery of their enquartering, about the end of july, by them alone, surprised first Pontalier and Castelein belonging to the P. of Conde, which he burned to the ground, and slew both women and children with the edge of the sword, and in fine did the like to Marcilly, Vouge, and La March, villages which were not able to resist them. The Crabats thus fleshed with blood, return immediately to their Leader, inform him of their success, and he with his whole Army marched straight forward to Dole, where he assaulted the trenches, & by a bloody & doubtful battle, beat the French from their Earth-burroughs, raised the siege, and caused the Prince to retire towards Auxonne; and S. john de Loone, leaving behind him some of his Canon, and amongst the rest, a Piece called by the name of the King Lowis, carrying a bullet of 45 pound weight, 500 loaves of bread, 200 hogsheads of wine, 
Verdun taken by D. Charles, is retaken by Gassion.  and having raised the siege, marched to Verdun a town then unfortified, which he took in, and might have kept to the use of Caesar, had not Gassion a French Colonel appeared before it, before it could be prepared to make resistance: but his sudden coming made the Lorrainers forsake it, & yet it is under the King's command.  
No flying Bird hath so nimble wings as Fame, the Valleys suddenly reported this Conquest to the near Mountain Vosogus, and that transferred it again to the nigh bordering Dales with such swiftness, that the next day after the news arrived at Cambray distant thence about one hundred English miles, to the joy of the Walloons, and Spaniards there, who for testimony of their great content in this happy adventure at Dole, made Bonfires, and spent their Gunpowder in triumph, discharging all the Canons upon the Walls, as if that day had not been the beginning, but Period of their victories: And the Period it was indeed, for though this Army being within few days after reinforced by the Troops of the Imperial Lieutenant General, the Earl of Gallas, who was accompanied with the old Earl of Coloredo, and the Earl of Ritbergen, was thirty thousand strong horse and foot, and well furnished with Artillery, carrying with them forty pieces of Canon, the least whereof shot a Bullet of twenty three pounds, and in this bravery had resolved to pass through Besanson, or the Province of Bessigin against Bresse and Lionnoys: yet their jollity was stopped in the full career by the vigilance of Duke Bernhard of Saxon Weymar, and the Cardinal Valette, who attended them at the heels, and raised them from the Siege when they were set down before jean-de-lonc, whither this Narration must follow them.  
Sauerne a town in Alsatia near Hagenaw the Magazine of the Imperial Army thereabout for victual, being taken in by Duke Bernhard about the midst of july, 
Sauerne taken by D. Bernhard and the Cardinal Valette.  upon Composition one part of the provision there found was presently reserved for relief of the Army, and another for the revictualling of those places in the Country, as Strasburg, Colmar, Hagenaw, & the Fort of Benefeld, which sided with the Christian King, & Crown of Sweden; The Camp removed the next day to Onfelet intending to visit the Imperial General who was entrenched at Drusenheim, and if it were possible to draw him out to battle before he could strengthen himself with a new retreat, the French, and Germans, being superior to the Caesareans, both in number and spirit, the Imperial Army consisting only of five thousand foot, and eight thousand horse, and those miserably necessitated by Famine and Pest, the other amounting to thirteen thousand foot, and seven thousand horse, lusty, and prepared to fight: Duke Bernhard, and the Cardinal Valette conceived their project to be more feasible because the King of Hungary was supposed to be in the Camp, whose presence might addecourage to the Caesareans, 
The French provoke Gallas to fight, but he avoids them.  and spur them up to any dangerous adventure. But the King was gone four days before to Brissack, and the wary General would not appear in Campania, but kept close in his trenches, though the French Cavaliers by the space of eight hours together, (two thousand first appearing, then one thousand five hundred, and lastly one thousand only) braved him, and dared him to the Combat. It was bootless for the two united Armies to attend him any longer; and partly to draw him from his hold, and partly to assist the Prince of Conde, they marched in a fair Equipage towards the Frontiers of France, giving order for transporting of the aforenamed provisions to Culembach, and Podebus, two Germane Colonels, who not without danger and opposition, discharged their Offices faithfully and happily.  
Culembach followed the Army with his Wagons, 
Three Companies of Crabats defeated by Culembach.  and though the nearness of the French Bands might have secured him from any attempt against him by the Caesareans, yet three Companies of Crabats watching opportunity, set upon the Convoy, and had surprised it, if he had not behaved himself both wisely and valiantly against them; but their coming being discovered by his Scouts, he prepared to entertain them, and in the first conflict slew 100 of them upon the place, forcing the rest to fly for their safety to the Camp at Drusenheim, where they found more content in their security, though without gain, than in their late design for pillage.  
The other Convoy wherein Podebus, the Count de Guiché and Aiguebourne Governor of Hagenaw, were engaged jointly, the two Generals forecasting to what hazards they might be exposed, was in more danger, but came off as happily as the former. These three Commanders by order from their Excellencies, being to march from Haguenaw Aug. 4/14 with an hundred and fifty Wagons loaden with Corn, were manned with five hundred Musquetiers, the Company of light horse belonging to the Governor, and two Germane Regiments of horse for relief of the confederate places in Alsatia, were encountered upon their way by 1500 Caesarean foot and horse, part of Gallas his Army, who lay still encamped at Drusenheim, their necessity pricking them forward to gain so good a booty. The Curriers which marched in the head of Podebus his vanguard, met at first with sixty Crabats, which appeared alone to the first view, but were seconded with the body of this Imperial party, in which were three hundred Cuirassiers, who kept a narrow passage by which the Convoy must necessarily go. This report being noised abroad in the Army, certain Officers and voluntary Swedes ran without any order given to assault them, but were repulsed though without loss of their lives, yet to the prejudice of their discretion. The Colonel Podebus thereupon sent a Quartermaster with forty horsemen to discover the posture of the Enemy, but he coming too near, was slain, and the rest forced to retire to the Convoy. In the mean time, whilst this small party was absent, a Council was held by the Count de Guiche and the two Colonels, what was to be done, and in what manner they should fight with the Caesareans; and in the end it was concluded, that the Count should pass on with the wagons, whilst the Colonels gave them battle. Five hundred Germane Reysters or Horsemen of Podebus his Regiment were assigned for the conflict, and the rest to attend the carriages. 
1500 Caesareans routed by Podebus in Alsatia  The two Colonels shaking hands, put forward immediately in the head of the Cavallary, and commanding twelve Trumpets to sound a charge, fell so furiously upon the Caesareans, that they put them to a disorderly flight, slew many upon the place, the number is uncertain, took 24 prisoners, amongst whom was the Captain of the Crabats, with his Commission, and letters of instruction for this occasion. But they gained more in the pursuit, than in the fight, the high ways being strewed with Curasses, which the flying Enemy had cast away in his haste, and one hundred Barbed horses gained, which were sent afterwards to his Excellency, Duke Bernhard, who was yet encamped at Brompt (expecting that the Imperial General would rise) as a Monument of this victory.  
The joint Armies under the General's Saxon Weymar, 
The French armies march from Alsatia.  and Valette, began their march from Alsatia, Aug. 2/15 and put forward Marsar a Town in the Frontiers of Lorraine, whence the Cardinal's Army four days after, under the conduct of the Viscount of Turenne, marched towards Luneville, the Cardinal himself going the same day to Metz: the Army under Duke Bernhard abode at Marsar till Aug. 6/16, which day the Duke himself led one part of his forces towards Luneville, and committed the charge of the other part to Colonel Ohem, who according to the direction given him, went went towards Blamont a small City, manned only with sixty Snaphanses, yet much troubling the French in Lorraine, being commanded by a vowed Enemy to the King's government, & being one of the retiring places for those Boutifeaus the Crabats, after they had roved abroad to pillage & plunder the Country. The Colonel, first summoned the place by a Trumpet, but could obtain no fairer an answer, than that he must expect nothing there but powder & shot, & not staying to reply with words, he charged them with the same materials, battered the Town and Castle with the Canon, made a breach in the wall by the afternoon to the terror of the Governor, who with his Garrison retired to the Castle, leaving the Town not to the spoil of the Duke's Army, 
Blamond taken by D. Bernh. and the Governor hanged.  himself a worse Enemy to the place, than could be expected from abroad, having strewed the ground of the City with lose powder, which taking fire, according to his malicious desire, destroyed a goodly Church, devoured the goods of the Inhabitants, and turned all the houses in the City, (which were generally stored with Corn & provision, six only being saved) to heaps of Ashes. The report of this wicked Act, was by a nimble Currier, carried to the D. at Luneville, who incensed thereat, took horse speedily, posted to the Camp at Blamont, and prepared to assault the Castle, but changed his design, seeing a flag of treaty hung out, being more willing to spare the lives of his Enemies in the Garrison, than the Commander was to save the substance of his late friends, the Citizens. The Garrison at first began to stand upon terms of agreement, as unwilling to submit themselves to the Duke, or leave the Fort, without an assurance of mercy signed by himself; but the Duke perceiving the weakness of the place, would not stand to indent with them, and again prepared for the assault, the conclusion whereof ministering just occasion of fear to the Enemy, the Garrison yielded upon discretion, and the soldiers were permitted to departed with white staves, but the Governor being a Major, was justly hanged for his detestable treachery.  
Thence the Duke himself, 
Ramberville taken by Duke Bernhard.  with those forces marched to Ramberville, where another of the Enemy's Garrisons lay, and having summoned it also uneffectually, Aug. 21. September 1. he presently scaled it in four several places, and by four the next morning took it. The Commander within, and the Garrison retreated to the Castle, and stayed not thereto expect a summons, but yielded presently upon discretion, and had this mercy shown them; liberty to departed with their low weapons, but sans baggage, or any other accommodation. The Town was given for pillage to the soldiers, yet with this special charge given by the General, that the religiours' houses should be spared, and the honours of the Women be preserved; the Queen of France entreating this respect to be given to those in Orders, and the weaker sex, at his departing thence, and his promise being passed to her Majesty to observe it.  
The rising of the Confederate Armies from the Camp at Brompt, 
The Imperial Army reenforced, marcheth towards Burgundy.  gave opportunity to the Imperial forces under the Croatian Commanders, Isolani, and Forgats, the Germans Lamboy and Muse, the Spaniard, the marquis of Grana, and Charles Duke of Lorraine to repair to Gallas his Army, who expecting the Irish Butler, but not waiting his coming; marched speedily towards the Dukedom of Burgundy, and the Frank County, being followed close by the Cardinal, and Duke Bernhard, which reenforced their Armies with the forces of the Prince of Conde, and six thousand fresh soldiers under the command of the Field-marshal Ranzaw, all ready in battle array, to fight with the Caesareans upon the first opportunity: The Imperial Army made on to their journey's end, with all the haste they could, they passed by Montbelyard, and Beffort, and yet but only summoned them, threatening the Inhabitants (as Gideon did Succoth and Penuell) but not with the like success, upon their return from France, to visit them. But their haste was not with that good speed it was pretended, for the Count of Suze, Governor of the Country thereabouts, stopped the Crabats under Isolani, which marched in the rear, cutting off the Bridges by which they should pass, and skirmishing with him by the space of four days together, though with the loss of his Sarjeant Rennovill, and Montplaisier, one of his Guard, (which were slain by the Crabats) yet with gain of two hundred and fifty prisoners, one hundred horse, and many Wagons loaden with ammunition.  
Whilst the Cardinal Valette was attending with his Army upon the designs of Gallas, 
Marange a rich Town in Lorraine, taken by Roquespine Lievetenat General to the Cardinal Valette.  Roquespine his Lieutenant, Governor in the Town and Citadel of Metz, and the Country adjacent, seeing that the Inhabitants of Marange (a Town then subject to the Spaniards, situate betwixt Metz and Theonvelle,) did not only much oppress the neighbouring Villages, but that also; part of the Garrison of Theonvelle in a discontent were gone thither also, intending to plunder the Country, he resolved to prevent them, esteeming it better to deal with an Enemy at his own home, than to expect his coming abroad. To this purpose, about the midst of September he mustered up a convenient Army, about nine hundred horse and foot, consisting of one half of Bovillons, and Bussy's whole Company, which was left by the Cardinal for defence of the Country, two companies of light-horse, one drawn out of the Garrison, and another raised by the Citizens of Metz, three hundred other foot, part of his own soldiers, and part Citizens, and with these he appeared before the Town at noon day, striking such a terror into the presidiary soldiers, that they instantly left their outworks, and retreated into the Town, the one part using the Church which was strongly built, the other a strong house in the Town, as Citadels to secure them from the Assailants. Men in danger of drowning, catch at every Bulrush, and are like Beasts in a storm, which run to a rotten hedge for shelter, yet find none. These timorous Soul apprehended some hope of safety by those stone Walls, yet were plied so close by the French soldiers, that before the night, in both places, they hung out a white Flag, and yielded to the discretion of the Conqueror, who sent the most part packing away without ransom, but reserved twenty eight of the principal, whom he sent prisoners to Metz. It was an atcheivement; though not of a glorious appearance, yet of special consequence, the Villages about it being, secured from further spoil, by two French Companies, which were laid in Garrison there immediately after it was taken, and the Town itself being a wealthy one, affording to the Soldiers, besides much rich pillage, five hundred Hogsheads of Wine, and great quantity of Corn for provision.  
Culembach the Alman Colonel, 
Two regiments of Crabats surprised by Col. Culembach  whom Duke Bernhard left behind him, to guard the passages betwixt Sauerne, and Hagenaw, about the same time surprised two Regiments of Crabats, which Gallas had left near Weissem-burg with Commission and charge to use all the means they could, to disturb the garrison and Inhabitants of Hagenaw. Egger the Croatian Colonel commanded both the Regiments, and to deal with him in plain field, the Alman selected one thousand Musquetiers out of the Garrison which he joined with his own Regiment, and then gave him battle, the issue whereof was crowned with conquest, the gain of seven hundred horses, many Wagons laden with baggage, and other good booties; all which were transported by the Victor to Hagenaw.  
Montalont Governor for the Christian King in Barroys, about the same time (as if that time had been fatal to the Grabats, and fortunate to the French) happened upon the like adventure. 
300 Crabats surprised by Montalont in Barroys.  Advice was brought him of three hundred Crabats which were met in a wood, to strengthen their bands with such stragglers as they should meet withal of their own nation, and afterward were to have their Rendezvous at Momplome a village two leagues from Bar. To surprise this crew, himself attended with eighty foot, partly French, and partly Helvetians; and fifty horsemen of his own band, and accompanied with the Baron of Angluce, Captain of the Hungarian horse under the Regiment of the grand Master of the Artillery, marched all night to discover the Enemy, yet heard no news of them, till the next night (these Reysters not using to continue above four in place) and then understanding that they were retired to Montior upon Saut, thither he posted, caused his Infantry to enter the village, and assault the Crabats in their lodgings (himself with the horsemen guarding the back-lanes and outgoing of the village) which they did so suddenly, that their enemies being unarmed, could not defend themselves, and so furiously, that as many as could, betook them to their heels, thinking to save themselves by flight, which did but bring them from the talons of the Hawk to the Vulture; the French horsemen making slaughter upon all the fugitives, whilst the footmen gave quarter to them which begged it submissively: eighty of these Crabats were slain by the Cavallary upon the place, and besides the slain, ten made prisoners of war by the Infantry, amongst which was the Lieutenant, and Cornet of the Company, which were carried captives to Barr, and esteemed as good prize, as a hundred and odd horses, which were gained by the French at the same time, from that Enemy. In this attempt, a French Ensign was slain from a window, as he was pursuing the Captain of the Company, though he escaped for the present, and got off with a kind or victory, carrying with him as a captive, a young gentleman of Barroys, yet he was taken the next day by the Sieur de Mihell, father to the youth, whose former grief for the loss of the child, was sweetened with a double comfort; the surprisal of such an Enemy as was rallying up the small number which escaped, meaning with them to plunder the Country, and the recovery of his darling son.  
The Caesarean and French Armies about the same time, 
The French & Caesarians several Quarters  had taken up their several quarters about the Frank County, and the County and Duchy of Burgundy, each about one league from the other; Gallas and his retinue near Champlite, Duke Charles about Grace, the Duke of Weymar at Monsavion, the Cardinal Valette at Cussey, and the Troops of the Prince of Conde, commanded by the Feeldmarshall Ranzaw, were enquartered, betwixt the Quarters of Duke Bernhard, and the Cardinal. The Imperial General in person lodged in the Priory of Champelite, two leagues from Channite, where Picolomint's horse were lodged, his own foot being placed about the Mountains betwixt Champelite and Montelot, and his Cavalry at Rigin, and thereabouts: Isolani and Forgats with their Crabats lay at Leffons and Ponyssons, Lamboy at jussey, Colonel Meuz at Mons, and the marquis de Grana at Meure; both the Armies observing their several advantages for attempting upon the other, either by surprisal, or raising of their Camps, but neither of them putting any thing as yet to the hazard. The Caesareans were expected to have made the first attempt, as coming not only to secure the Dukedom of Burgundy, and the Frank County, from the French, but to invade the Kingdom, yet stirred not, till he was spurred to it by the confederate Generals, who fell first foul upon, and provoked him to seek revenge. The Cardinal Valette October 9, new style, fell upon Isolani's Quarter at Lessons, a great Town in the Frank County, choosing the silence and obscurity of the night to conceal his march thitherward, and commanding the Fieldmarshall Ranzaw to charge the one part of the Crabats Quarter, whilst himself did the like to the other. Night was secret, and their Guides expert and faithful, which brought them a little before daylight to the place designed, 
Isolani's Quarter raised by D. Berwh. & the Cardinal de Valette.  and then they gave such a furious Camisado to the whole Quarter, that it was raised speedily, the tents burnt, three hundred Crabats slain upon the place, and the most part which escaped were wounded, and put to their heels; one thousand two hundred horses, the Wagons for the Luggage, and the Officers Caroaches being taken from them, and amongst the rest Isolani his own Caroche, in which was found his chain of gold, and his Lady's Monkey. Thus I find this History delivered in a French Extraordinary, though nor with that probability of truth as is expressed in a Letter from Duke Bernhards' Camp at Monsavion, the contents whereof follow thus briefly:  
The two Generals having framed a design for the raising of the Crabats Quarter at Lessons, the Cardinal de Valette, attended with the Count of Guiche conducted thitherwards one thousand five hundred horse, and as many Musquetiers, all which were laid in an Ambuscado by the way. The D. of Weymar, who had that afternoon been skirmishing with the Enemy, to no other end but to make him not suspect the design, returned at Evening, and marched in the head of 3000 horse, of his own, on the side of the French, which were laid in Ambuscado, and the Field marshal Ranzaw, with the Prince of Conde his Cavallary marched on the other; the Ambush then rising, and putting forward toward Lessons: the three French parties marched several ways, yet all met about one minute at the Enemy's Quarter, October 10, new style, at the point of day, and charged upon it at once in three several places. The Crabats were then on horseback, having had some notice of the French design, gave an alarm to Gallas his Camp, and were answered thence with three Canon shot, as a signal to the whole Army, to stand upon their guard, and keep good order. But the French prosecuting this beginning, charged the Crabats again more roughly than before, forced them to a disorderly flight, pursued them to the gates of Champelite, which being kept shut against the fag-end of these runaway, for fear lest the French should enter pellmell with them, exposed above 100 of them to the sword, and many to the mercy of the pursuers, who by this time were engaged with the Avantguard of the Imperial Army, consisting of eight hundred horse, and beat these Caesareans to their very Palisades, with some slaughter, but more affrightment, many of the Cavaliers leaving their horses to save themselves, upon the Mountain, where the Infantry, and Ordinance was placed, others posting to their trenches, to avoid the blows which they met withal in open field. The greatest loss fell upon the Crabats, of whom three hundred were slain, as many taken prisons, which lost all their baggage, even to their very Tents, and Huts, and two thousand horses, to the great advantage of the French Army, and damage of theirs, who living ordinarily by roving and pillaging, were deprived of their horses, which were of principal use in those expeditions. The whole loss was valued at more than one hundred thousand crowns, besides the ransoms of the Women, amongst which was Isolani's Mistress, who with her Caroche and six horses, and Plate, became a prize to the Ritmaster Schomborn.  
This was a glorious design, being against an Enemy in open field, 
A Convoy of 25 Wagons taken by Manicamp Governor of Colmar  and Manicamps happy adventure about the same time, against a Convoy carrying twenty five Wagons loaden with Powder and Bullets, and fifty Cows, to an Enemy-Garrison at Brissack, was not despicable. A Company of light horse belonging to the Baron of Reinack, Governor of Brissack, and sixty Musquetiers drawn out of the Garrison at Ensisheim were appointed to guard this carriage from the Abbey of Lure (the siege whereof was left by the Imperialists about ten days before) to Brissack: To surprise this booty, six Companies of light horse, and Dragoons, a Company of Carabins, and four hundred and fity foot were drawn out of Colmar, by this French Commander, who ordered the light horse, and twenty Masters, with some sew others to assault the Conduct, and they behaved themselves so bravely, that after the slaughter of six, and captivating ten others, they chased the rest into a Wood betwixt Solse and Ensisheim upon Manicamp and his soldiers, which lay in Ambush for them, who beat them, pursued them to the gates of Ensisheim, and carried the booty to Colmar.  
Gallas the Imperial General thus provoked to action and his Army strengthened by a new retreat under the Irish Colonel Butler, resolved to repair his honour, and to put something in practice against the confederate Armies, and some places under the King's obedience. And yet like a wise Commander, that would not adventure desperately, he watched his time, causing diverse reports of his return to Alsatia to be scattered abroad, loading withal some Wagons with baggage, as if he was instantly dismarching, to amuse the Duke and Cardinal, and intending to fall upon such places as were least able to hold out, that he might do something before his departure out of the Dukedom. The united Commanders supposing his purpose did not suit with the pretence, commanded the Armies to double the guards, and to have special eye upon the Imperials progress. 
Gallas seeming to be about to dismarch.  The Officers followed the supreme directors instructions; kept a careful and strong watch, and the first night Oct. 19 new style, encountered with some of Duke Bernhards' Almans, whom the French taking for Enemies because of their language, 
The French army doubleth their watch, & mistake some of their friends for enemies.  assaulted, and slew fifteen of them upon the place, as many others of the company not escaping unwounded. The conflict endured the space of half an hour, and might have lasted longer, if they had not then happily discovered them to be their friends, but then the fight ended with sorrow to both parties, for their mistakes, and mutual compliments for their (at last) successful meeting.  
This misadventure was paralleled with another in Alsatia about the same time; 
The Swedes of Benefeld mistaken for enemies by the French Garrison in Schlestadt  a party of the Swedes in the Fort of Benefeld, had been abroad for Salt, which they having gotten in a great quantity, at their return lodged in Ketenholt a Village near Schlestadt whither some malicious peasants ran presently, telling the French presidiaries there, that an Imperial Convoy lodged in that Village with good Booty; hereupon the French soldiers betook them to their Arms, surprised their friends for enemies, flew some, wounded the Ritmaster, and carried away some horses. But in the morning perceiving their error, sent to excuse the fact, and restored the Booty, not omitting to inquire out those false informers that they might punish them according to their merit.  
The Imperial General perceiving the wariness of the Duke, and Cardinal, 
Mirchaw a weak place in the County of Burgoyne taken by Gallas.  being neither able to surprise them in their several Quarters, nor draw out any part of the Armies to an unequal fight, Octob. 23.13. pursued his second design, and brought his Army before Mirebeau a Town a little fortified by the Inhabitants, and two companies of the Ttrain-band of the County then in the Town, since his first appearing in those parts, but not of strength to make any resistance, having no ditch nor drawbridge, nor Parapet to the Walls, which in sight were rather like the Mound to a Garden, than defenced Walls of a City, this place he at once besieged, and assaulted, and the defendants trusting more to their swords and valours, than their trenches, came to handy-strokes immediately with one part of his Army, whilst the other part (as they might with ease) broke down the Palisades, burned the Gate, and addressed the scaling ladders to the Wals.  
The Combat lasted doubtful for the space of twelve hours, and then the defendants oppressed with numbers of the assailants, were forced to retire to the Castle, a place fortified only with a small Moat, being not flankered, and after a whole day's battery with many hundreds of Canon shot, were constrained to capitulate and surrender it with conditions of saving their lives and livelihoods.  
Secrecy is of as much avail in an Army, as valour. The confederate Armies as yet were ignorant of the Enemy's design, 
Saint john de Loone besieged by Gallas  and remained in their own Quarters, till the loss of Mirebeaw (and that was not till three days afterward) was reported to the Cardinal, and then the Imperialists being upon a new design against St. john de Loone, a small town upon the Some, consisting of about three hundred families, and distant from Chaloon about five French, ten English miles, the united Armies made after them.  
A strong suspicion the French and their Allies had, that Saint jean de Loone was the next place, 
Before it was known to the French armies  at which the Caesareans aimed, being induced hereunto by the menaces which the Imperial forces had given out against it, but were not assured of it till October 31, new style, at which time a general report of the siege arrived at the Camp, and that being seconded by a particular relation of the day, and manner of the siege, confirmed them to believe that which before they only suspected. A Soldier of the Train-band of the County, having scowted about the Imperial Army, was sent that day by Machant his Captain to inform the Generals with the sum of his discovery. The heads of his report were these: That October 12/28 in the morning the enemies had surrounded Saint john de Loone. That the Garrison in two sallies had slain threescore of the asseegers and brought ten prisoners into the Town (amongst which was the Lieutenant of the Horse, which with threats affrighted the Town with a strong and straight siege) and had beaten the Imperialists from their Quarter at Saint Usage. That the Garrison at the first consisting of eight Companies of the Trainband belonging to the County, was diminished by the Pest to the one half, Saint Point the Commander being also extremely sick of the disease, and yet were resolved to stand it out to the last man: the inhabitants able to bear Arms (being about the number of two hundred) first decreeing that whosoever should talk of capitulation, should be cast into the River, and then concluding, rather to fire the Town, if they could not keep it, than render it upon any terms to the Caesareans, that so they might prevent his spoils, and keep the viands therein from him. Each word was truth. The Imperial Army marching from Mirebeau October 15/25 16/26 17/27, passed the Rivers of Beze, Tilly, and Ousche, with much hazard and inconvenience, and the next day appeared before the Town, 
The Town summoned.  summoning it with a Trumpet to yield to the Earl of Gallas, as the Imperial General, the King of Spayn, and the Duke of Lorraine, a Cavalier seconding the Trumpet, and telling the Officers upon the wall, that unless they shown their obedience speedily, they should be beleaguered with an Army of forty thousand men, and battered with twenty six pieces of Canon. The Garrison returned no answer, but prepared for defence, and the Caesareans for battery. Three days were spent by the beseegers in raising of mounts and preparation for battery, without any show of open hostility, save only that daily summons were sent by Drums and Trumpets for their surrendering; and November 1, new style, the Imperial Canons were discharged against the city, 
Battered.  that violent thunder being thought more available for the conquest, than verbal Rhetoric.  
A Consultation was held in the mean time by the Prince of Conde, Duke Bernhard, and the Cardinal, for relief of the Town, and in fine Ranzaw the Fieldmarshall with the men at Arms belonging to the Duke of Anguyen, the Light-horse under the Prince of Conde his command, seven other Companies of Light-horse drawn out of the Regiment of the Cavalry of Anguyen his own Horsemen, and seven or eight hundred Musquetiers, was sent to secure it. His Expedition commenced the same day the Enemy began his batteries, and (though with much hardiness the foot wading in water up to the neck, and some loss, ten of his Cavaliers being drowned) he passed that day over the Tille, arrived the next morning by seven of the clock to Auxonne a city upon the Sun, distant from Saint john de Loone ten leagues, where he was furnished with victuals for his army, and boats to ferry down his men, and thence he sent a little Barge with six Oars to inform the besieged of his auxiliary forces. Danger and hope presented themselves together to the besieged. The Imperial Army hearing of Ranzaw's approach, November 3, new style, played upon the Town incessantly with eight Pieces of Canon, from break of day till three in the afternoon, and then drew out two main Battalions into the meadow, the one whereof was sent against a small breach which their Canon had made in the wall; the other against the Terras at the Dijon Gate, a weak piece, defended only by one Horn-work, and without other fortification.  
Sixty Musquetiers were brought into the Town the day before from Bellegarde, 
Relieved, and the siege raised.  and the Townsmen and Garrison animated with these small succours, resolved to meet the Caesareans at the several places, and to adventure their lives for defence of the Burgh. The assailants at the breach came on courageously, and the defendants stood to their tackle as manfully; the very women with a masculine spirit coming in to relieve the wearied men, bringing materials to repair the breach, and hurling stones and whatever came next to hand, fury supplying them with weapons to offend the Enemy. The valour of the defendants and the unfitness of the gap for an assault, the wall yet standing firm twelve foot high, made the assaulters recoil, who seeing their attempt if not desperate, extremely dangerous, could not be induced by the words and strokes of their Commanders to renew their adventure, and go on again. The Terras was in more danger, and thither upon the retreat of the Imperialists, the most part of them which were designed to make good the gap, hasted to help their copartners, and their coming was so happy, that the Battalion there seeing a new accrue of opposers certified, and their loss already in both places of above four hundred men slain outright, besides those which were wounded, turned tail too, and gave over the Enterprise.  
Gallas who all this while had stood as a spectator to the play, 
Gallas his disorderly retreat and great loss  gave the signal to his army to prepare for a general assault, but Ranzaw entering in the mean time, about ten aclock at night, and his coming made known to the Imperial General, altered the design. The French Colonel the same night sallied forth and slew as many more of the besiegers as the Garrison had done in the day, and then the Caesarean General either doubting of a long winter siege, or recalled by the Emperor to attend the Swedes, which began to triumph in Pomerania and lower Saxony, since their victory at Wistock, or both, for both these reasons are assigned, the same night raised his siege, and retreating disorderly, encouraged the besieged and the confederate Armies, who were soon informed thereof, to pursue him, which fell upon his reere-guard, and in diverse conflicts, especially at the passage of Vigenne, cut off six hundred of his men, took from him some Ordnance, and so much baggage, that his loss since his first encamping at Champlite being summed up, amounted to nine Pieces of Canon, four hundred wagons loaden with ammunition, eight thousand men slain and drowned, besides the defection of eight hundred of his Horse, who forsook the service and enrolled themselves under Duke Benrhard.   

The passages in the Netherlands (this last Summer) betwixt the Infanta and the States United.  
THe State of the United Provinces, 
Chap. 5.  was almost brought ad Triarios, by the loss of Skenken-sconce the last Summer, but that being regained from the Cardinal Infant upon Easter Tuesday last, by the vigilancy, and great expense of this industrious people, which endured all injury of weather, the frosts, snows, and raines of Winter to that intent, they found more rest this last year, than they expected, being usually engaged in war with the Catholic King, and the Lieutenant Governors under him. No bank was raised against any of their towns, no spoiling bands of enemies invaded their Country; The Duke of Feria only appeared with a flying Army in Brabant and Flanders, to secure those parts in the absence or the Cardinal Infanta, raised diverse Sconces upon sundry passages, and blocked up the ways with timber, by which the Armies of the States might come upon him, intending more the preservation of the people under the Spanish Government, than the disturbance of the people under the aristocraty of the Siates; and the Prince of Orange General for the States mustered up a like number of soldiers to the same intent, both the Commanders, rather by starts, and parties sent abroad upon several occasions, seeking an advantage of petty gain, then by battle in the open field, or beleaguering any place of strength, or note, getting the glory of a victory.  
August 20. the Prince of Orange marched with his land forces, 122. Companies of foot from Heusden to the Hecken-sea, and thence Aug. 28. Sept. 8. removed his Camp towards the Long-straten, the Horsemen under the General Stacken-brocke being already met at their Rendezvous in the Hog-straten. The order of his March was this: The Prince's Lifeguard marched in the front, his Excellency himself following, attended with the English, Scots, and French, the Frieslanders, High-Germans and Swissers, which made up the Avantguard; the Rear consisting of English and Walloons, was followed first by the Wagons, which carried ammunition, then by the Victuallers and Subtler's of the Camp, and their carriages, and lastly by the Gunners, and the field-pieces, the greater Guns, being still aboard the shipping before Heusden, Alburgh, and below Hemmert. The Count de Feria was in the field above a fortnight before, Aug. 6.16. with his Army of about 8000. horse and foot, departed from Antwerpen toward Liar, and thence took their way by Geel, 
Voorst and Merhault plundered by the Count de Feria.  Bell, and Moll, where he mustered his Army, called a Counsel of war, and thence advanced to Voorst and Merhault two small towns, belonging to the Prince of Orange, which though john de Nassaw desired him to spare, yet were plundered by the Spaniards, who had the absolute command in that expedition.  
The day was somewhat omminous to both sides; a selected Company of the State's garrison in Bergen-op-zome made out toward Herentals for pillage, and without an encounter of an armed enemy, took 90. great beasts and drove them towards Bergen, when suddenly the cry of the Boors, whose livelihood depended upon the profit of their cattles, overtook them, and then the soldiers which more respected their coin then their beasts, suffered the poor people to redeem them for a sum of money. This was but a small thing, and of no comparison with the better fortunes with which 15. soldiers of the Sconce Frederick Henry were crowned the same day; To get a purchase by boote-haling, may be profitable, but it cannot be glorious, especially, when the booty is rather stolen surreptitiously, then gotten manfully; But to encounter an armed Enemy, to deal with him upon unequal terms, and vanquish him; this is honourable, true valour being seen most apparently, where danger showeth itself most hideously. Such was the happy fate of these 15. adventurors; Mecheln, a Captain of one Company of presidiary soldiers in Sant-uliat, 
Mecheln a Spanish Captain taken by the Garrison of Fred. Henry.  had a design upon the little Sconce of Sluisken, and to effect it, drew out 20. Musquetiers out of his Garrison, and conveyed them thitherward with as much secrecy and silence, as was possible; but by the way, the fifteen mentioned soldiers, met with him and his retinue, fought with them in plain field, and by the slaughter of five of his soldiers, by the first volley of their shot, and the wounding of some others, forced him to yield, and brought him his Sergeant, and fifteen of his men prisoners to the Fort.  
Honour admits a magis & minus and private undertake, how fortunate soever the issues be, come not off with such a lustre as those which are commenced by public authority. The Ritmaster Anthony Crock Sept. 3/11 had order from the Prince of Orange to take some troops of expert, and valiant Horsemen to discover the posture of the Spanish Camp, to clear the Country of such rovers as he should find abroad, 
A Spanish Convoy of 600 Horse defeated;  and if it might stand with probability of success, to make head against such troops of the Enemy as he should meet withal upon the way. An opportunity to declare both his loyalty and valour offered itself, before it was sought for. A Spanish Convoy of 600. Horsemen under the command of four several Leaders, men of quality and rank by birth and note in the Army by their places, the Earl and Colonel Ritzbergen Son to the Earl of East Vrieslands, the Baron of Wesmaell Son to Grobendonck, who once commanded in the Bosch the Cornet Be'st, and the revolted Captain Herwerden, who had lately served under the States, 
And 4 Commanders of note taken by the State's Ritmaster Crook.  and upon the discovery of a traitorous practice he had, to deliver up the strong town of Venlo to the Count of Feria, fled, and was entertained by him; was sent from Antwerp, to carry a months pay to the Garrison in Breda, and to reinforce the Praesidiaries, it being rumoured (though only upon cojecture) that the States forces intended to besiege that City. The Ritt-masters Scouts discovered them as they were marching over the Plain, and instantly returned to the Commander, reporting both the order of their march, and the number of the men as near as they could guess. Crock upon the relation sends out 300. Horse, with instructions first to skirmish with the Convoy, and then by a kind of orderly confusion, betwixt plain flight, and a well ordered retreat, to seem to fly, that the Enemy pursuing them, might fall into an Ambuscadoe, which himself with the remainder of his troops had laid for them. The Cavaliers transgressed not an hair's breadth from his direction, after a bravadoe or two, and the discharging of their Pistols upon the front of the Convoy, they hasted towards their fellows, being followed by the Spanish Commanders, with an assurance of a victory. But the haste the Spaniards made after them was to their own loss, they were suddenly so fare engaged, that they could not return; The Cavaliers which seemed to fly, made a stand, gave a signal to the Ambuscadoe, to rise, and they appearing presently upon the backs of the Enemy, routed the Convoy, got 200. Horses fit for service, their Riders being slain; took the four Commanders as Prisoners of war, and carried them and their moneys, ordained for the Soldiers of Breda, to the Camp in the Long-straten: glorying not so much in their conquest over the other three, as in the apprehension of Herwerden; the Divine Justice, which never suffereth treason to go unpunished, having made them the Instruments to apprehend this perfidious traitor.  
Vlyssingen was in some danger, in the former month by the false practices of another Cattline, 
Lamott plotteth to deliver Vlissingen to the Spaniard.  a bird of the same feather with Herwerden, by name La Motte a Walloon, and Captain of a Frigate under the States, who being taken by the Dunkirks, and clapped in prison, plotted a way to betray the town to the Spaniard, and promised to perform it, upon condition of his enlargement. His project was thus carried. The Frigate, in which he commanded formerly, being restored to him, and armed with a 100 men, he sailed towards Calais, where another Frigate of Dunkirk charged only with four great pieces, but well furnished with Pistols, and engines for fireworks, was to attend him, according to his own direction. The treason had been too palpable, if these Bottoms appertained to professed enemies, at the first should have greeted each other friendly, and the States seamen which were in the vessel being restored with him to liberty, might have discerned his juggling, if there a mist had not been cast before their eyes, to conceal his Legerdemain. To carry it therefore clearly, he made some appearance of hostility, haled the Dunkerker, which making a show as if he meant to fight, 
Prepareth to execute his design.  put up his wast-cloathes, and having made small or no resistance, yielded to the Vlissinguer, (yet he was so reputed) immediately. This done, he writes to his friends at Vlissingen of his prize, tells them that he expected two other Frigates which were coming from Dunkirk loaden with the like charge of Arms, and that he hoped very speedily, to bring them all in triumph into that harbour. The Statish Seamen began presently after the supposed prize, to resent the action. The Dunkirk whom he had taken by his feigned fight, were taken into his own vessel, and used not as prisoners, but friends and confederates, engaged in the same action; The Zealanders which were still aboard that Frigate (the major part being removed into the Dunkerker) began to whisper to each other, that their Captain's words, and actions did not resemble each other, and the Captain whose jealous ear, was listening to their private conferences, perceiving that his plot was revealed, caused the Dunkirk to fall upon those with the sword whom he suspected to have smelled out his design, and being by their assistance cleared of that society, and assured of the rest, he returns to the Port of Dunkirk, his own ship being covered with the sails, that it might not be discovered whence it was. Here, he loaded his own ship with Dunkerkish soldiers, and sailed thence to Ostend, where 2000 other Spanish soldiers, were embarked in six several Bottoms to attend him, two days before his coming thither, the harbour, and the gates of the City, having been kept locked up, by that space of time, to keep the adventure private. All this while the irons were but heating, now was the time when they must be form upon the Anulle; The main of the design was hitherto concealed from his confederates; the Admiral Colart knew not of it, but in generals, but now being engaged in the action, he was made acquainted with the particulars, which were, that he would bring in two of his Frigates into the old Port and send the other two into the new one at Vlissingen, and by these vessels, keep them open, till the Admiral was entered with the rest, by whose united forces, 
And suspected by Colart of a double treason is imprisoned at Dunkirk.  he doubted not to bring the secure City to the Spaniards command. The Admiral listened to his story, and seeming not to apprehend him fully, desired him to go into Ostend with him, and that there they would confer further upon the design. But the Admiral's intendment was otherwise, he suspected all the Captain's discourse to be like Sinon's tale, and that he meant not to deliver the City to the hand of the Dunkirk, but that he meant to deliver the Dunkirk into the power of the Vlushingers, and having got him to shore, arrested him of a double treason, sent him to Dunkirk, and clapped him in irons, wisely considering, that the Protean condition of a traitor will conform itself to all advantages, and that he which will make no bones to play false with his old friends, can give no assurance of remaining firm to his new alliance.  
Thus the links of this project falling in pieces of themselves, the Vlushingers were rid of that present danger before they knew it, yet soon after it came to their notice, and then they doubled their guards, and kept a strong watch upon their harbours, to secure the City against such kinds of unkind undertakers.  
The Spanish Army in the field, was the only thing the United States were now jealous of, but the vigilancy of the Prince of Orange, 
The Army's return to their Winter Quarters  removing his Camp, when the Count dislodged, and keeping a watchful eye upon him, cleared all doubts, the Spanish Commander, from the midst of September, till Novemb. following, at which time both the Armies went to their Winter Quarters, attempting nothing further against the United Provinces, nor the Prince of Orange against them.  
But whilst their forces were in the field to preserve their Native Country in quiet, 
Count Maurice of Nassaw Elected Governor or Brazill.  and from spoil by war. The States at home met in counsel, how they should order their dominions in Brazill, and reduce them to that form of Government, used in the Netherlands; and at last it was concluded, that the Count Maurice of Nassaw, should be declared, and received by the Company of the West-Jndian Merchants as Governor of Brazil, but with a restriction of Conditions, and such limitations as might restrain him from any absolute authority, some selected Commissioners being appointed to attend and advise with him in cases of material consequence, and he to proceed according to their Votes, and advisoes. The Conditions were offered by the Merchants, and accepted by the Count Aug. 4. new style, and they run in this tenor.  
1. By the Commission of the State's General, the Prince of Orang, and the West-Indian Company, the name and quality of Governor, Captain, and Admiral General of the places already conquered in Brazill, and which shall be conquered hereafter by the said Company, shall be conferred upon the said Count, as also the Command of the forces both by sea and land, which the said Company, hath there already, or may have hereafter. II. The said Count shall sit in the quality of a Governor, in the assembly of the Counselors of State, 
Is bound to the West-Indian Company by Articles.  which shall receive a joint commission with the said Count, to consult with him concerning the ordering of the common affairs, the finances, and what ever else may depend upon the public Government, which Counselors shall resolve, and conclude with the said Count about all exploits to be done by sea or land, the raising of new fortifications, or demolishing of the old, provided always that if the votes of the assembly be found equal, the Count shall have a double voice. III. The dlace of residence for the Counsel and the College, shall be at Samarica or in some other such place, as the said Count, and the Counselors shall think more convenient for that purpose. iv The said Count and the Counselors, shall take special care to procure the common quiet, of all the subjects to the state of the United Provinces there, whether they be such as are employed in any public offices, or such as follow their own peculiar negotiations; They shall be careful to rectify all abuses, neglects or disorders, which have privily crept in already, and what ever else may be discovered hereafter, to be against the good of the Country and the Inhabitants there, following the instructions, rules and ordinances, concluded of in this present Senate, and the Customs already used in the Country, provided always, that they thwart not the private instructions, now given to our Counsellors of state. V The said Count shall absolutely dispose of all Military offices, & charges which shall be vacant, while the Army is in the field, even to the Ensign inclusive, the under offices remaining in the disposition & donation of the Captains, but if any office shall fall, whilst the soldiers be in garrison, than the said Counselors shall have the nomination of three persons, out of which the Count shall choose one, except that when there shall be an election of a Captain, Lieutenant, or Ensign, by reason of a place vacant, their votes shall not be given at random, to elect strangers to that Company, but they shall be bound to proceed according to the custom of the country.  
VI All public offices both by Sea and Land, shall be disposed of by the said Count, and the Privy Counselors jointly; or in the absence of the said Count, (the affairs of State admitting no delay) by the said Counselors only: except only the office of Vice-admiral, which if it happen to be vacant, either by the decease, or dismission of the Antecessour, shall be given by the Count alone, with the approbation and allowance of the nineteen; and that upon the treaty formerly ordered, or to be ordered afterwards in the Assembly of the nineteen. VII. The said Count shall have no power to erect any new offices, to the charge of the said Company, whether they be Military, Politic, or Maritine; nor shall He augment the ordinary Salary of any Officers, which are there already, without the advice and oversight of the said nineteen, except it be by the ordinary preferment of the persons, from an inferior, to a superior office, according to the military ordinances. VIII. Nevertheless as concerning the Brazilians, and Inhabitants of the Country, it shall be free for the Count, and the said Counselors, to reward them after their own discretions, according to their several employments; Provided always, that it be done to the remarkable advantage of the Company, and not contrary to the customs now used. Lastly, the said Count shall do all things, which a Governor, Captain and Admiral ought, and is to do. And yet the Company reserveth to itself, the donation of the places of Privy Counselors, ordinary Magistrates, and charges of that condition, which shall receive their Commissions and instructions in the Netherlands. Notwithstanding the said Count shall have power to dispose of the high Military Offices, by the consent and approbation of the nineteen: And in case, that if it happen, that one, or more of the nineteen Counselors of State shall decease, than the said Count shall have power to take unto him so many others, and place them in their stead, that the said number may be still kept full.  
By these conditions, the Count was bound to the Company, and that obligation of his to them, required another from them to him, and that was couched in these three following Articles.  
I. 
And the West-Indian Company to the Count  The said Companies shall at their own proper charges maintain one Minister, one Doctor of physic, and one Secretary for the Count; and pay to each of his household servants for salary, which is allowed to each of his life guard. II. The Company shall give him for his equipage, and furniture for this expedition 6000. livers, which is 600. pounds sterling, and 1500. livers monthly, besides diet for himself and his retinue, which two last allowances shall then begin to be due, as soon as he is embarked for the journey. III. As soon as the Count shall arrive at Brazill, he shall have two out of hundred, which the people under that Government, shall gain from the enemy, by land or water in the extent of that dominion, as soon as the prize shall be valued, according to the Military ordinances, and the order hitherto used in that Country. To the performance of all which Conditions, stipulations, and promises, the said Count was bound to the West-Indian Company, and they again reciprocally to him for the space of five years, to begin at his arrival thither, and his beginning of the execution of his office of Governor, Captain, and Admiral General of the Territories, and places already conquered by the said Company, and which hereafter may be conquered by the mutual signing, and subscribing to these Articles; The Deputies for the nineteen for the one part, promising that they would maintain, and make good the conditions above written. In testimony whereof, the Articles were signed at the Hage, Aug. 4. 1636. Maurice de Nassaw. joannes de Laet, & Pr. I. Dwelland.  
These Conditions thus agreed upon, the Count prepared for the voyage, 
The Count puts to Sea for Brazill.  and Octob. 9 19 went from the Hage, towards the texel to attend the Brazilian Fleet; and thence Octob. 15. 26. (taking with him 1500. Land-men) he put to Sea with the Ships, Zutphen, Farnambuck, the Nassaw, the Adam and Eve, the rest of the Fleet being to follow him with the first fair wind. And thus fare our present discovery reacheth, there is yet much Terra incognita remaining, which we shall within few weeks describe topegraphically.  
FINIS.