A True Historical discourse of Muley Hamet's rising to the three Kingdoms of Moruecos, Fes, and Sus.  
The disunion of the three Kingdoms, by civil war, kindled amongst his three ambitious Sons, Muley Sheck, Muley Boferes, and Muley Sidan.  
The Religion and Policy of the More, or Barbarian.  
The adventures of Sir Anthony Shirley, and divers other English Gentlemen, in those Countries.  
With other Novelties.  
AT LONDON, Printed by Thomas Purfoot for Clement Knight, and are to be sold at his shop in Paul's Churchyard, at the Sign of the Holy Lamb.  
An. Dom. 1609.   

TO THE RIGHT Worshipful, Sir Robert Cotton, of Cunnington Knight.  
SIR, I entreat you, patronize this small Treatise, if in your judgement it can either pleasure, or in small measure profit, by being divulged to the open view of the world: If otherwise, lay it by you as a bundle of waste paper. In so doing, I shall think myself much obliged unto you: if in suppressing the original, my weakness may rather take a private check of a friend for being too bold, than an open scorn of a multitude, for being too foolish. Thus relying wholly upon your wont favour, discreet and judicial censure herein, I rest ever  
At your service, Ro. C.   

The true Historical discourse of MULEY Hamet's rising to the three Kingdoms of Moruecos, Fes, and Sus.  

Cap. I.  
How the Kingdom of Barbary came to Muley Hamet Xarif, the late deceased King.  
THE Family of the Mareines' being Larbies, were long times Kings of Barbary: until a plain Haly some hundred 
Any one which is not of the tribe of Mahemet is so termed. Or Draw.  years ago, calling himself Muley Hamet Xarif, came out of the country of Dara, (lying beyond the mountains of Atlas) with a great number of Montaniers, called in their own language Brebers: these with their strength got Moruecos from the Mareins. And going forward following the fertileness of the soil, drove the Mareins out of Fes: getting into his power all the flat countries comprised under the titles of Sus, Moruecos, and Fes, from the hills of Atlas to the straits of Gybraltar. Being thus grown great, be would prove himself a Xarif, one of the kindred of the Prophet Mahome●…, desiring his birth might be held answerable to his new acquired fortunes: But within a little time after this his sudden invasion, Sus rebelling, refused his government, wherefore he sent to the bordering Turks for aid, who fulfilled therein his request. Aided with these turkish auxiliary forces, he set forward, and at his entrance into that kingdom, the turkish soldiers through treason killed him, & cut of his head; sacked Taradant, and running over the whole country, spoiled it by the space of two months, which done, they would gladly have returned to Trimasine: yet fearing their own strength to return the same way Hamet had brought them; it was held their better course and shorter journey, to pass over the Mountains: but the Montaniers knowing this their new done bloody fact, and seeing them have good store of pillage, set upon them, so that few or none escaped their hands, but were all slain. After this Hamet Xarifs death, who reigned some eight years, succeeded his brother Muley Abdela, having all his life time great war with the Mareins, to keep that his brother had conquered: he having reigned some fifteen years died, leaving behind him thirteen sons, the eldest Muley Abdela (who at his entrance to the kingdom, commanded all his brethren to be killed:) but the second brother Abdelmelech fearing hard measure, fled presently upon the death of his Father into Turkey, and so saved his life. The third brother Muley Hamet of whom we are hereafter to entreat, being held a great Church man, simple and humble spirited, not any way addicted unto arms, was spared alive as less feared. The other ten were all put to death in one day at Taradant in Sus, where they were kept in their Father's life time. This Abdela reigned forty years, and dying, left behind him three sons, Muley Mehamet, Muley Sheck, Muley Nassar. Muley Mehamet being King, his two younger brethren ran away into Spain, the elder whereof named Muley Sheck is yet living, and there turned Christian. The younger brother called Muley Nassar returned into Barbary, in the fourteenth year of Muley hamet's reign, who died last. At this Muley Nassars landing in the country of Fes, much people favoured him and his title, & two thousand of Muley Shecks soldiers (who now liveth, and then governed Fes, for his Father revolted from him to Nassar, insomuch as Muley Sheck was in mind to have fled unto his Father. But that alcayde Hamet Ben lau, being a very wise Captain, and there placed to help Muley Sheck by his council, who was very young,) kept him from running away: and Muley Nassar with a dilatory war, with whom if the soldiers had stayed, he might peradventure have gotten the country. But their Lent approaching, the soldiers told Nassar, they would go keep their Easter at their own houses. Whereupon Nassar, thinking if they were once gone, they would never return to him again, would give present battle, & so was this Nassar slain. Abdelmelech being second brother to Abdela, got such favour in Turkey where he lived, as entering Barbary with four thousand Turkish soldiers, he got the kingdom from his Nephew Mehamet the eldest son of Abdela, and their reigned two years. Muley Mehamet thus deprived of his kingdom, fled for succour to Sebastian then King of Portugal, who came in person into Barbary to help him with thirty thousand men, giving battle, the Moors fled, and the Christians retired, hoping the Moors would return, that so the Christians might make the greater slaughter of them. According to this expectation Abdelmelech with his army returned, and the Christians charged the foremost of their horsemen very hotly, who would have fled. But such was the abundance of Abdelmelechs horsemen, following the forward which were discō●…ted, as they could not have field-roome to fly, but were forced to ●…ght it out. This was a bloody battle wherein three kings lost their lives, Don Sebastian King of Portugal: Muley Mehamet unto whose aid Sebastian came over: And Abdelmelech who came out of Turkey being second brother to Abdela▪ This Abdelmelech left behind him a son yet living at this day in Turkey, whose name is Muley Smime. After the death of these two, Abdelas third brother, Muley Hamet Xarif, was made King, reigned about twenty seven years in great peace and felicity, until he went to take his son Muley Sheck at Fes, where the Father died, whose death hath caused all these wars, as yea may read hereafter.   

Cap. II.  
The course of Muley Hamet Xarifs government, during his 27. years reign.  
OBtaining the Sceptre, he first provided himself of the gravest men he could find in his Kingdoms, to be Counsellors of estate; then of the most experienced, and valiant soldiers, for Commanders over his camp, and Garrison towns. And whereas he was Monarch over two Nations, the Larbies, and Brebers, he found it requisite to use a twofold government. The Larbies dwelling in the best plain champion Country of his three Kingdoms, Moruecos, Sus, and Fes, were easily governed, being of mild and peaceable nature, given to thrift and tillage of the ground, sought no alterations, but receiving from him a due form of justice executed by his Ministers: protecting them from the Montaneirs which are robbers, willingly obeyed his Regal authority, and yearly paid their tenths towards their King's maintenance. As for the Brebers, or Montaneirs, being of an untamed and fierce disposition, speaking the Tamiset tongue, which is as much different from the Larbee, as Welch is from our English, dwelling in places by nature defensible, and almost inaccessible: He could not so well govern, neither had ever such absolute power over them, nor received the fifth penny of profit from them, as he did from the Alarbeiss. Therefore he sought by all means to diminish their strength of people, drawing them always into foreign expeditions, especially into that war, against the Negroes, which continued a long time, thereby extending his Empire so far that way, as by Camel it was six months journey from Morruecos, to the farthest parts of his Dominion. Likewise, he used this people to go with the Carabans to Gago, to fetch 
A company of Merchants going together for trading, with a great number of Horses, Camels, and Mules, laden with Commodities.  home his yearly tribute and custom, whereby many were consumed in travailing over the Saharas: for any offence or robbery committed by them, his sword should punish severely, that the rest might fear: dividing their Country into several divisions or Cantons, in every which he placed an alcayde, with soldiers to suppress any sudden uproars, must like our Lieutenant set over our several Counties, but that the alcayde is continually resident, and hath greater power in executing Marshal law. And lastly, as pledges of their loyalties, he would get their chiefest men's sons into his hands, bringing them up in his Court to a more civil and delicate kind of life. He was always of mind to keep peace with Christendom, with Spain, who was his next potent neighbour, but above all loved the English Nation, and admired the late Queen's happy government, willing to entertain trading with us, witness his many letters, written to that worthy Lady of happy memory. And his Embassage sent unto her, Anno. 1601. performed by Abdala Wahad Anowne, and Hamet Alhadg, their great travailer to Mecha, and other places.  
Towards his subjects he was not too tyrannical, but sweetened his absolute power and will, with much clemency. By diverse ways he got excessive store of gold. First, by seeing his tenths truly paid from the Larbees: Secondly, by trading with the Negro, taking up the salt at Tegazza, and selling it at Gago, having from thence return in good gold. Thirdly, by husbanding his Maseraws, or I●…genewes, where his Sugar 
Sugar gardens.  Canes did grow, (though now all spoiled with these wars,) for it is sufficiently known, all of them about Morruecos, Taradant, and Magador, were yearly worth unto him, six hundred thousand ounces at the least. I omit his love he took in entertaining foreign Artisans, the re-edifying of his house in Morruecos, getting Italian Marbles, the richest that could be bought for money, and workmen hired from thence at great wages. His sumptuous provisions for the Saraile, 
The place where his women are kept.  and maintenance of his women, not so much delighting in the sin, as his predecessors had done before, as to show his glory, because the fashion of the Country is such, to show their riches and greatness upon that frail sex, and their attendances. For his chiefest pleasures were to see the gallantry of his kingdom, managing their good Barbarian Steeds, and the Falcons upon their wing, making fair flights after the Heron: for these sports he was provided, no man better, from which he was recalled by certain discontents, which as clouds forerunned his own Sunset.   

Cap. III.  
The number of Muley Hamet Xarif sons, their behaviours, the beheading of Mustepha.  
MVley Hamet Xarif the late deceased king and father of these three brothers now living that strive for the kingdom, at the time of his death left five sons alive. The eldest Muley Mahemet, commonly called Muley Sheck, a title given always to the eldest of the king's sons: The second Muley Boferes, which two sons were both by one woman, a Negra, one of his concubines: The third son Muley Sidan whom he had by one of his wives: The fourth son Muley Nassar who was about the age of Ninetéen years: And the fifth Muley Abdela about Fourteen years old at the time of the old king's death, and these two last were not legitimate, but the sons of two several Concubines. This deceased King in his life time, had placed his three elder sons in several parts of his kingdom, to govern for him in them, to Muley Sheck his eldest he had given the kingdom of Fes, which kingdom hath in former times continually been allotted by the late kings of Barbary to their eldest sons: Muley Boferes he placed in his kingdom of Sus: to Muley Sidan he gave the province of Tedula, which lieth in the midway between Moruecos, and Fes: his two younger sons Muley Nassar, and Abdela remained with him in his house, whom by reason of their young years, he had not as yet placed in any part of his kingdoms. The eldest son Muley Sheck in his younger years governed Fes, & those parts of Barbary, with great approbation of his father, through the counsel of Bassa Mustepha a Spanish Renegado: which Bassa in continuance of time, grew into such favour with him, that the whole government of the kingdom of Fes was wholly by Mu: Sheck put into his hand●…: Whereupon the alcaydes of the country that were natural borne Moors, & continual attendants upon the old King, envying the greatness of the said Bassa, raised divers accusations against him: Complaining to the King that he learned Muley Sheck to drink wine (a thing unlawful to the Moors, being forbidden them by their Prophet Mahomet) and that now having the whole government of the kingdom of Fes in his hands, under the king's son, he purposed after he had possessed himself of Muley Shceks treasure, to fly, and carry it with him to some parts of Christendom. Which accusations the old King upon some probabilities and likelihoods conceiving to be true, these alcaydes procured at last with him, that he should send to his Son Muley Sheck, commanding him to send the head of the said Bassa, which command howsoever Muley Sheck (who greatly loved, and favoured the said Bassa) at the first delayed to perform, yet after divers messages, the old King sending at the last a principal servant of his to see the execution done, he was forced much against his will, to see fulfilled.  
In these younger years of Muley Sheck whilst this Bassa was alive, none of the King's Sons was more dutiful to their Father then he, neither any of their actions so contented the old King as his; insomuch, the whole kingdoms hope for a successor after the old king's decease, was only in Muley Sheck. Whereupon and by the King's voluntary motion, all the principal alcaydes, and men of Command that were in his kingdoms, by solemn oath vowed allegiance to Muley Sheck, after the old king's decease. And at that time Boferes the second Son, by reason of the great plague in Sus, and other discontents he received from that rebellious people, stayed not long there, but returned again to his Father in Moruecos, where he stayed with him until his Father's departure to Fes in September 1602. Muley Sidan the third Son continued in Tedula, (a province fruitful and situate in the flat of Barbary, the midway between Fes, and Moruecos, as I have told you,) who governed those parts in great peace and quietness, even in the chief times of the tu●…lts that were in the bordering Dominions of his eldest brother Sheck (whereof you shall read hereafter) insomuch that he was generally commended and liked both of his Father and of all the kingdom for his government, being strict in seeing the execution of justice to be done in those parts that he governed, not sparing his kindred or nearest followers in those cases: From his infancy be naturally hated all manner of thieves whatsoever, especially th●…se which rob by the high ways, and without any favour or mercy severely punished them. Howsoever, he carried himself very dutiful to his Father, whilst he was living, yet from his Childhood he was always of an aspiring and ambitious nature, which could never be brought to subject itself to give any awful respect to his elder brethren, but to hazard his whole estate in obtaining the Kingdom, accounting himself his Father's lawful heir, in that he was his Father's eldest Son, which he had by any of his married wives: In this point not regarding the custom and law of the Moors, who in title of inheritance or succession, respect not the mother, whether she be married Wife, or Concubine bought with money, so that her son be the eldest in birth.   

Cap. FOUR  
The misgovernment of Muley Sheck, which caused his old Father to visit the Kingdom of Fes: the taking of Sheck prisoner: the death of the Father.  
BUt to return again to Muley Sheck the King's eldest Son, who after the death of his Bassa Mustepha, (beheaded by his Father's command,) soon showed unto all men the want of Government that was in him; for in his latter times, giving himself over to drunkenness, and other detestable vices, which amongst the Moors commonly accompanieth that sin, regarded not at all the government of his kingdom, but suffered his servants, followers, and soldiers to do what they would in robbing and spoiling the the goods of his honest minded Subjects, without controlment: And through want of justice duly executed, his whole country in a short time swarmed so with thieves and robbers by the high ways, that there was no traveling through his dominions, but in Caffilas or companies of 300 and 400 persons at a time, and they hardly sometimes escaped the hands of thieves. The Alarbies, who continue to this day in tribes and kindreds, being the husbandmen of the country, living in the fields in tents, by ●…illing of the ground, and breeding up of cattle, when as they could not quietly gather in, and peaceably enjoy the corn and fruits of the ground▪ denied to pay the King their accustomed duty: and in the fields followed the courses of Muley Shecks servants in the city, in robbing of all passengers that came within their power. And such was his la●…ishing manner of spending and consuming of his Treasure, that in his humours, he neither regarded what he gave, nor to whom: in so much, that a jew who was a physician, and used to play before him in his drunken fits, (what with the gifts given him by the Prince, and what else he got out of his house) had gotten together in money and jewels, (in the space of four or five years) to the value of Four Hundred Thousand Ducats, which is about forty Thousand Pound sterling. This dissolute life and careless government of Muley Sheck, grieved the old King not a little, especially to see such a change or alteration in him, whose forwardness in former times had been the stay of his age, and had moved him to cause the alcaydes of the kingdom, by oath to confirm their allegiance after his own death. Many ways he sought to amend what was amiss in those parts, and to draw his Son to a more strict course of life, and more careful kind of government, as well by his letters, as by sending divers principal alcaydes to be Counsellors unto him. Yet such was the small account he made either of the one or the other; That the old King in the end seeing no amendment, but the estate of that Kingdom to grow daily worse and worse, determined to go to Fes in his own person with an army, aswell to displace his Son who had denied to come unto him, upon his sending for: as also to put in order all matters in those parts, which through the ill government of his Son, were all out of frame. And so about the beginning of October 1602. he set forwards from Moruecos with an army of Eight Thousand shot, and some five Thousand Horse towards Fes, leaving his second Son Muley Boferes to govern Moruecos, and Sus in his absence, until his return; making such speedy journeys, that he was with his forces within one days journey of Fes, before his Son Muley Sheck was certainly advised of his setting forth from Moruecos. Who, when he understood of his father's being so near, and himself every way unprovided to resist him. Would have fled towards Tafilet, but being followed by Bassa Mustefa, he was▪ constrained to take sa●…uary, with five hundred of his best soldiers, being very good shot and well provided. The old King the Father, seeing his son take the pr●…ueledge of the place (which is much respected in that country) willed him to come forth, and submit himself to his mercy: But Muley Sheck refused either obstinate in not obeying, or fearful he could not render a good account of his Twenty Five years government in Fes. Wherefore Muley Hamet commanded Mustefa a Bassa of Sidan's, though then in the old Muleys' service, to take three thousand men▪ 〈◊〉 perforce to enter the place, which he performed, bringing Sheck prisoner, and the rest of his company which were left alive after the conflict. The old man would in no wise admit him into his presence, but committed him to the charge and custody of Bassa judar, one of greatest place about the King, who carried Sheck to Mickanes a strong Garrison town, and there remained until the time of his Father's death, which was some five months after.  
The old King in his journey to Fes, against his eldest son, passed by the Province of Tedula, and from thence took alongst with him his third son Muley Sidan, whom he commanded to remove his household to Fes, from Sidania, (a City which he had begun to build in Tedula, and called it after his own name) intending to leave him Uizeroy of those parts, in the room of his eldest son, whom he purposed to carry with him from Mickanes, where he was prisoner, to Morruecos. Which he had also performed, if he had not been prevented by sudden death: For in August 1603 he having set all matters in order in those parts of Fes, providing for his return to Morruecos, put out his Tents without Fes gates, but being abroad he suddenly fell sick, and his sickness so sore increased, that on Thursday falling sick, on Sunday morning being the fourteenth of August 1603. he died.   

Cap. V.  
Muley Sidan proclaimeth himself King in Fes. Muley Boferes in Morruecos. Muley Nassar would have done the likein Taradant, but is hindered. The death of Nassar.  
MVley Sidan, by reason his Mother Lilla Isha governed the old King's house, understood of his father's death, before it was noised abroad, whereupon he presently went forth into his father's camp, and tents, from whence he carried away all such jewels and treasure as he found there. And after his father's death, he caused himself in Fes to be proclaimed King of Barbary, as lawful heir of his deceased father. Lilla johora, mother to Muley Sheck, and Muley Boferes; seeing her eldest son in prison, and void of all means to help himself at that instant, was not unmindful of her second son Boferes, whom the old King had left to govern Morruecos during his absence. To whom she dispéeded presently letters by one of the king's Eunuches, who made such haste, that in four days he came from Fes to his Tents, which were some two leagues from Morruecos, where he had lain all the Summer▪ before to avoid the infection of the plague, which had been that Summer in Morruecos, and with him was his younger brother Muley Nassar, and his eldest brothers son Muley Abdela. Muley Boferes understanding of his father's death, presently entered Moruecos, and ga●… possession of the Alcasava, his father's house. Before the news of 
The King●… house.  his father's death was noised abroad, and generally known, fearing how the alcaydes, and people of Morruecos might stand affected unto him, and knowing that if he had once possession of the Alcasava, & of his father's treasure, he had the best part of the Kingdom. And the next day after his entrance, he caused to be published generally thorough the whole City, the news of his father's death, and withal himself to be proclaimed king: Writing letters to the Uizeroy of Sus, to do the like in Taradant, the chief City of that Kingdom, the which he accordingly performed.  
Muley Nas●…ar the fourth son of the deceased King, having been all the Summer abroad with his brother Boferes; when now he understood of his father's death, followed his brother a far off, as though he meant to have entered Morruecos with him. But coming to the gates of the City, in company with Muley Abdela his Nephew, being son to Muley Sheck, with whom he was familiar, conferred with him about their flying into the Mountains, persuading Muley Abdela that he might no ways put any trust in Boferes, since his father and he were the chiefest impediments, that hindered Boferes from claiming the Kingdom by course of justice, his father Muley Sheck being the old Kings eldest son, and he the eldest son of his father: Besides, his father being in prison so near Fes, where Muley Sidan was, it was to be doubted that Muley Sidan had already gotten him into his power, and it might be, had made some agreement with him already, to join both against Muley Boferes: which if it should so fall out, would cause Boferes to deal more cruelly with him. But these persuasions moved not Abdela, who rather chose to enter the City, and follow his Uncle, on whose courtesy he would rely. Though Nassar fearing how Boferes would deal with him, with all speed fled into the Mountains to the kindred of his mother, from whence after a few days with some eight hundred, or a thousand of those people▪ whom he joined together, he passed into the plains of Sus, sending to the alcayde in Taradant to proclaim him King, or else to suffer him quietly to depart. But the alcayde having already proclaimed Muley Boferes, withstood him, and he having no means wherewith to pay his soldiers and people that he had gathered together, was soon left of all, & so returned again to his mother's kindred, and lived privately there about seven Months, and then died of the plague, or as some reported, secretly poisoned, was brought to Morruecos, and there buried.   

Cap. VI  
The revolt of Alkeyd Hamet Monsore. Muley Sheck prisoner, delivered to Boferes. Muley Sidan raiseth forces against his bother Boferes. And the like doth Muley Boferes against Sidan.  
BUt to return to Fes and those parts: after the death of the old King (Sidan being now proclaimed king in Fes, Boferes in Morruecos, & Sus; & Muley Sheck prisoner in Mickanes, in the keeping of Bassa judar) the soldiers being abroad in their tents, without Fes gates, began to be in a mutiny, as well for sixteen Months pay, which the old King owed them, as also about their return to Morruecos, where the most of them had left their wives and children. To appease this mutiny, Muley Sidan sent out of Fes unto them alcayde Hamet Monsore, their chief Commander in the old King's time, to promise them as well content in payment, as also a speedy return to Morruecos with Muley Sidan himself. But Monsore in stead of pacifying, laboured to increase their mutinous humours, and at last agreed with them, suddenly in the night to take up their tents, and to march with him to Morruecos, alleging unto them both the uncertainty of Muley Sidan's pay, and the small likelihood of any speedy journey he meant to take to Moruecos. And being to pass within a little of Mickanes, where the Bassa kept Muley Sheck prisoner, he wrote unto the said Bassa to know his intent, whether he would go to Moruecos or no, with him. To whom the Bassa came, and brought Muley Sheck with him, whom they brought along as prisoner to Moruecos, and delivered him up to his brother Boferes, who kept him close prisoner in his house some 4. or 5. months, until the coming of Muley Sidan against him in battle, by this means thinking to have established the whole kingdom to Muley Boferes: who now, besides the possession of the city of Moruecos and his Father's treasure, had brought unto him the greatest part of his Father's forces, 〈◊〉 his elder brother put prisoner into his hands. Muley Sidan being thus deceived by Monsore, and likewise by divers other principal Alkeids (who had secretly departed from Fes, and left him) forthwith dispeeded one Mustefa a Reneg●…do of his own whom he made a Bassa, with two thousand shot, and some companies of horses to Tedula, aswell to receive from the Alarbies those duties which they always pay unto their King: as also to stop and return to Fes, whomsoever he should find flying from thence to Moruecos, keeping possession of that province for his use. He made likewise great preparations both of horse and foot in Fes, to be always ready, to accompany himself in person if need should so require, having with him in Fes of principal Alkeids, Azus chief counsellor to the late deceased King, and Lord over his Bitlemel: Bocrasia, Absadiks, and divers others. 
Treasury.   
Muley Boferes likewise in Moruecos, foreslacked no time in making preparation to send forth against him, sending first Alcaide Gowi●… with some six hundred men to make provision of corn and other victuals amongst the Alarbies, and after he had certain ne●…s of Muley Sidan's forces to be in Tedula, he sent out his Bassa ●…dar with five thousand shot choyst men, four Pieces of Artillery, and certain companies of horse to enter T●…dula, and to give battle to Mustefa the General of Sidans forces, or perforce to drive him out of that country. At whose coming thither, Mustefa seeing himself no ways strong enough to encounter with judar, retired back again with his army out of Tedula: and judar destroyed the foundation of Sidania, (which Muley Sidan at his being in Tedula, had begun to build upon the river of Morbaie and called it Sidania, after his own name) likewise wasted and destroyed the country thereabout, at least so many of the kindreds of the Alarbies as he knew to be friends to Muley Sidan, or those that would not acknowledge Boferes for King. Sidan understanding what judar had done in Tedula, and likewise of the great preparations that his brother in Moruecos daily made to send out against him, forthwith put forth his tents, and joined together his whole forces, which were some eight or nine Thousand shot, and some twelve Thousand horse, with two and twenty Pieces of Artillery, himself in person going along with them. And because he was altogether unprovided of skilful Gunners for his Ordinances, he procured from Salie out of certain english men of war, who at that instant were there, two english Gunners, to whom he committed the charge of his Artillery, but by reason of much rain that had fallen, it being in the month of january 1604. the ground in many places was so soft, that they could not march with their Artillery so fast as need required. So that his Artillery never came at the battle, which was thought to be a chief cause of his overthrow.   

Cap. VII.  
Fokers sent to entreat of peace from Muley Boferes to Sidan. Muley Sheck set at liberty. The battle betwixt Muley Boferes and Muley Sidan.  
Whilst these preparations were in hand on either side, Muley Boferes sent certain Fokers held of great estimation amongst 
Fokers, are men of good life, which are only given to peace.  the Moors, to his brother Muley Sidan, to treat conditions of peace; howbeit, after their dispeeding from Moruecos, he omitted no time and diligence in sending forth new armies and fresh supplies, both of soldiers and provision to judar Bassa that was in Tedula, and understanding for certain that his brother Sidan was in the field in person (because he himself had never been in●…red to travel, and knowing it would be no small discouragement to his side, and encouragement to the other, that Sidan should be in perin the field, and no other his equal in blood in his army to withstand him) he concluded a colourable peace between himself and his eldest brother Muley Sheck, whom until that time he kept close prisoner in his house, agreeing with him that he should go forth into his army, and join with judar to fight against Muley Sidan, whom if he overthrow in battle, he should enjoy the kingdom of Fes, and so much of those Eastern parts of Barbary, as he enjoyed in their Father's time: On condition that at his entrance into Fes, he should proclaim Muley Boferes King, and himself only Uizeroy, & so should still acknowledge his Government there, as derived from Boferes: And to the intent Muley Sheck should the better observe these conditions according to their agreement, he was to leave his eldest son in pawn with Muley Boferes in Moruecos. On these plausible conditions, Muley Sheck was set at liberty, a happy turn for himself as he thought, who never looked for any better but perpetual imprisonment with much misery. But the truth is Bassa judar had secret advertisement from his Master Boferes (yet not so secret, but it was known to Muley Sheck, and closely carried of him by interception of letters betwixpt Moruecos and the camp in Tedula:) That he should abridge Muley Sheck of any command in the camp, or matter of counsel in ordering of the fight, only show him to the soldiers under his canopy, that the Fezes who were the strength of Sidans army, might know Sheck was in the camp of Boferes, whom they loved in regard partly of his long ab●…de amongst them, but especially of his great liberality, or rather prodigality, formerly showed unto them, which wrought much in their minds at the ensuing battle: And withal the Bassa had a special charge sent, and his Guard so to watch him, that (if he got the battle) he should bring Muley Sheck in irons as safe a prisoner from the camp to Moruecos, as once he had done from Mickanes. But this being discovered, Muley Sheck so shuffled his game, that though judar won the field, Muley Sheck escaped unto Fes, and was lovingly entertainted of the citizens, proclaiming himself King of Barbary. But return we to the Fokers, treating about conditions of peace in Fes with Muley Sidan, who by intelligence understood from Moruecos of the fresh supplies of soldiers, daily sent out by his brother to the Bassa, whereby he greatly suspected those offers of peace, to be but a devise to prolong the time whilst his whole forces were in a readiness, and then suddenly to have come upon him unawares before he should be provided for him. And therefore he returned the Fokers with denials of the ●…ffered conditions of peace, and himself thinking to take the opportunity and advantage of the time before either his brothers new forces should come to the Bassa, or Muley Sheck his eldest brother be set at liberty. He caused with all diligence to be gotten together some two thousand Mules and horses, and upon every Mule to be set two soldiers with their furniture, and so (without any stay for the rehalling of tents, or carrying along of his Artillery with him) to be with all hast possible sent and joined to the Almohalla of Alkeid 
Almohalla, is a Campe.  Mustefa which lay hard by the river of Morbaie, in the sight of the Almohalla of Bassa sudar, the river only between them: He himself likewise in person went along with some seven or eight Thousand of his horsemen, thinking by this means to come with his best forces upon Bassa judar, before the Bassa should expect him, or before the coming of Muley Sheck, who for his liberality and bounty in former times, was greatly beloved of all the soldiers both of Fes, and also of Moruecos. But this policy of his herein took no place, for Muley Sheck after he was set at liberty, made such speedy journeys that he came to the Almohalla of the Bassa, before the Muley Sidan had certain intelligence of his liberty, and yet he entered the Almohalla but on the Tuesday, the battle being fought upon the Friday following. Muley Sidan understanding for certain that his eldest brother was come into the Bassa his Almohalla, thought it no time for him to defer giving of battle, lest it should be known amongst his soldiers, (many of whom in former times had served the said Muley Sheck.) And therefore on Friday the sixth of january 1604. the forces of each side met and joined together, between whom there was no long fight, for upon the discharging of four Pieces of Artillery, (which judar Bassa had with him) some 3 or 4 times, a great part of the soldiers of Muley Sidan began to fly: except some choice men which were in that part of the battle where the Muley himself was: by reason of the resolution of their Commander, continued somewhat longer, but in the end fled when as the canopy over Muley Sidans head was shot down with a Piece of Ordinance. At which m●…chance, & not before, the Muley himself began to leave the field, who in the managing of this battle was some thing to be blamed, for as he had used the celerity of a wise General, coming with all speed to Mustefa after he heard Muley Sheck should be set at liberty, setting two soldiers upon every Mule, and every horseman for the speedier march, to take a soldier with his Piece up behind him, being come to his Camp an hour before day, ●…ee should not have delayed two hours and more the present onset, gazing in his enemy's face, and giving them time to ready themselves to fight, whom otherwise he might have taken at the disper●…iew, and his Fezes whom he half mistrusted, no premeditation to revolt or run away▪ On Muley Shecks side few were slain, and of Muley Sidans side the greatest number was some 〈◊〉 hundred men or thereabout, neither was it ever thought that the battle would be sore or endure long, but that the one side would presently fly.  
First, for that they were all Moors of one country, and one religion▪ and howsoever the Kings might be affected one to the other, yet between the cominal●…y of each side was no hatred only for their pay, came into the field to fight one against an other.  
Secondly, by reason of the old King's death in Fes, there was almost no Alkeide of Muley Shecks side, but had either his brother, Son, or chiefest friend on the other side, as Alkeid Mumen Bocrasia was a chief Commander on Muley Sidans side: and his brother Alkeid Gowie of the like Command on the other side. Alkeid Absadok was chief counsellor with Muley Sidan; his brother was the like with Muley Boferes, to whom also was sworn Alkeid Absadocks Son: Alkeid Hame●… Monsore was on Muley Boferes si●…e, and his brother Alkeid Ally Monsore on the other side▪ and so of divers others.   

Cap. VIII.  
¶ Sidans justice done upon the Larbees forrobbing. His flight after the battle lost, to Trimasine.  
THe three brethren thus striving for the golden Ball of Sovereignty, justice was trodden down. The Larbees rob one an other, the strongest carrying away all. ●…uarrels betwixt Families and Tribes, which durst not be talked of in old Muley Hamts time, came to be decided with the Sword. After this battle, always were stopped with robbers, no trading from the Port●… Towns▪ to Moruecos, without great strength of men. Muley Boferes (who had the imperial seat) was neither so fit for action, or to do justice, as Muley Sidan who had lost the day. And that the kindred called Weled Entid well knew, which presuming upon the soft nature of Boferes, and their own strength which consisted of Fifteen Thousand horse, ●…oraged up to Moruecos gates, foreclosed all passages for travelers, making merchants goods▪ their prizes: Whereas an exemplary punishment executed upon them for their robbing in Fes by Muley Sidan, whilst he reigned there, made them think the country too hot: For Sidan commanded Alkeid German with Two Thousand soldiers in hostile manner to fall upon the next Dwarre of tents belonging to that 
Dwar, is a town of tents.  Tribe, to burn Man, Woman, Child, Cows, Sheep, and whatsoever belonged to them, not to spare it upon his own life from Fire and Sword, which fully executéd and so bloodily, that Sidan●…ghed ●…ghed hearing the true report, yet it made Fes the peaceablest part in Barbary. But return we to Sidans fortunes after he lost the field, having the overthrow, retired back to Fes, and forthwith was Alkeid Azus (the only man in the latter days of the old King, favoured by the whole country) dispéeded towards Moruecos to treat of a peace, and himself began to make head again to resist such forces as should follow him, but before he could bring his forces together again, news was brought unto him that his brother Muley Sheck was near at hand with certain companies of Horsemen, and that the whole Almohalla of the Bassa was not far behind. So that then he was rather to consider of, and to provide for his escaping by flight, than any ways to resist: and having before put some Nine Hundred Thousand Ducats in Allarocha, for the which money he had sent one of his Alkeids after his return from the batta●…; he thought it is his best course to pass that way, and to take that money along with him, but he was followed so hardly by Alkeid Abdela Wahad, and Alkeid Vmsoud Vmbilie, Boferes servants, that he was forced to fly directly towards Trimasine, and to leave that treasure behind him which was taken by his brother Muley Sheck.  
In these his frowning fortunes, the most of his Alkeids left him, and amongst others Mumine Bocrasia flying to Moruecos, in whom he put no small trust: and more than the servants of his house, he had no man of account but forsook him, only Alkeid Absadik, Had●… Tabid, and Mustepha; the two latter of them being his household servants, and belonging to him in his Father's time, left him not in his adverstie: So that any Alkeid of the Cassas or Casts in Barbary, he had no more than Absadicke, who rather than he would leave him (although alured by the persuasions of his brother Alkeide Abdela Wahad, and entreated by ●…he tears of his Son to return, both of them then b●…ing in the pursuit of Muley Sidan, and in a plain o●…ertooke the said Absadocke, yet he left his house an●… chil●…ren at the mercy of Mul●…y Bo●…eres his Master an●… enemy. The Alkeids who followed in pursuit of Muley Sidan, ●…ollowed him so hard, that besides the treasure of Allarocha, they likewise took much of the Muleys treasure that he carried along with him, although with that small company of Horses, which were no more than Twenty Horsemen or thereabout, he ●…eturned many times, and fought with those who pursued him, in person being still one of the foremost in th●…se s●…shes, vn●… A●…keide Vmbil●… who pursued him, admiring his res●…lution, and pitying his miserable estate, req●…ested ●…is Majesty to k●…pe on his w●…y and save himself ●…y ●…ight, he not purposing to pursue him an●… further. And so the M●…ley in this miserabl●… e●…te forsaken almost of all) kept on his way to Trima●…e a town boro●…ring upon the Turks, in the frontiers of the king●…ome of A●…rs: and the Alkeids who pursued him, returned again to Fes.   

Cap. IX.  
Muley Sheck proclaimeth himself King in Fes. Sidan goeth to Tafilet, from thence into Sus. A skirmish wherein Mumine Bocrasia is slain. Peace concluded between Muley Boferes, and Muley Sidan.  
AFTER Muley Sidans flight, in this manner Muley Sheck entered Fes, where he was joyfully received of them, proclay●…ed 〈◊〉 King, and not governor 〈◊〉 his brother Boreres. And it being in the time of ●…ummadan, all 
Rumm●…dan, is Lens.  the Almohallas of Moruecos returne●… home against the Pascua▪ fro●… whence after the celebration of the feast, they were sent forth to all parts of the countr●… aga●…st the Larb●…es: among whom were as great civil wars as among the br●…thren, for in this time of so many kings, they would acknowledge none, or pay duty to any of the three brethren. Wherevp●…on Hame●… Monsore with three Thousand souldier●…, was sent into Sus in the month of April 1604. but his men dying of the plague (which was very hot at that time) and thereby the Larbies little regarding his power, would bring him no vic●…uals, so that with remainder of his men, he was constrained to return towards M●…ruecos. diverse other A●…mohallas were sent abroad into several parts of the country, but in the beginning of june, news coming of Muley S●…dāns return from Trimasine to Tafile●…, they were all sent for by Boferes to return to Moruecos, and be joined together the second time against Muley Sidan: who having some few months lived about Trimasine with some fifty soldiers, went towards Tafilet, about which part lived the Cassa or caste of Alkaid Absadok (who was master of the hawks to Muley Hamet) and brought to Sidan of his cast some twelve hundred Horses, with which force he entered Tafilet: The Alkeid of Muley Bofe●…es fl●…ing to Dara or D●…aw with his soldiers. In Tafilet Muley Sidan stayed some forty days, where he understood perfectly of the estate of Sus, and had letters from divers of his well-willers there: understanding of Alke●…d Hamet Mo●…sores departure from thence: And that the Sheba●…es▪ which is the greate●…t Cast in all Barbary and the Casse or Cast of the Muleys mother, would not ●…knowl●…dge Bo●…eres for King, and likewise, how most of all the Casts in S●… desired his coming thither: Wherev●…on ●…e prepared what forces he could there get▪ to go into S●…s. Muley Bo●…eres upon the first news of his brothers coming to Tafile●…, called in ●…ll his 〈◊〉, and joining some four Thousand shot of them besid●…s horse, sent them from 〈◊〉 to Dara under the Comm●…und of his Son Muley Abdelmelech, with whom went divers principal Alkeids▪ as Alke●…d Gowi●…, Vmbilie, & Mumine Bocrasia, who in the first bat●…aile of Muley Sidan was a principal man of command on his side, and after his overthrow fl●… from him to Moruecos, with divers others. The chief intent of these forces was to stop the passages from thence to Sus, which Muley Sidan perceiving before the coming of their whole forces, he passed by Alcatovy, where the horsemen on each side skirmished, the ●…ootmen not being able to come up, and some slain of either side, but no man of account save only Alkeid Mumine Bocrasia, who as some reported died with thirst, being overheated (the battle being ●…ought in the midst of july) or as others reported being wounded, and returning to his tent, calling for water, after he had drunk it presently died, whose death was little lamented or pitied of the Moors, they saying he was justly rewarded for being a traitor to Muley Sidan his Master, who was not only contented to lea●…e him in his misfortunes, and to fly to his brother, but also to go forth into the ●…eld against him.  
Muley Sidans forces were so small, that he was not able to match in strength the forces of his enemies, and therefore was constrained to pass into Sus by the way of the Sahara, and durst not pass by Drawer: In which Sands for want of water, both he & his whole company 
Sahara, the country or desert of Sands.  had almost perished, and after much miserey endured in that journey, he arr●…ued at Aca, where Sidie Abdela Embark the great Foker dwelleth, the friendship of whom obtained, he knew that all his brother's forces could not dispossess him of the Kingdom of Sus, in such great reverence is that church man held in those parts, that the people will obey none, but whom he commandeth them.  
He being come thither, the Foker by letters to Muley Boferes then at Moruecos, procured that there might be a treaty o●… peace between the two brethren: Whereupon in August following An. 1604. Alkeid Azus was sent to Muley Sidan to Aca, where by the endeavours of the said Alkaid and the Foker, a peace was concluded, between Muley Boferes and his brother Muley Sidan, this to enjoy the Kingdom of Sus, and the other the residue of the Empire, whereupon Sidan peaceably entered Taradant the chief City in that kingdom: upon whose entrance thither, Sus which in all former times had been the most unquiet and rebellious part of all Barbary, through his execution of justice, became the only peaceable and well governed country of that kingdom, all other parts of Barbary, that were under the government and belonging to the other two brethren, as then remaining very unquiet, and full of all tumults: Neither was his government any way to be misliked, but that scarce settled, he charged the country with greater impositions than his Father ever demanded, insomuch as Sedie Abdela Embark, who was the only man that first brought him thither, reproved his courses: And the Monta●…ers of Atlas being good sou●…iers, excellent shot, and their dwelling by nature d●…fencible, finding his yoke too heavy▪ th●… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 him or his power, which humour of theirs was nourished by secret practices of Boferes, loath that S●…dan should either grow great in friends, or treasure. But the inhabitants of the plain●… and lower regions felt the smart of his rod, knowing their throats lay at his mercey, when as the Montaniers defended themselves with open arms, and oftentimes gave the new king his hands full.   

Cap. X.  
Abdela Muley Shecks Son, escapeth from Boferes. Sidan is sent for, to go in batta●…le against Muley Sheck▪ he refuseth. Abdelmelech Boferes son goeth▪ His bad success.  
THE peace concluded betwixt Boferes and Si●…an, by the means of Abdela Embark, an●… Azus, the wisest Counsellor that Barbary hath: w●…e will leave Sidan at Sus, seeking hi●… own end once more to become Master of Morr●…ecos▪ and return to Boferes, who was troubled which way 〈◊〉 contrive the regaining of Mul●…y Sheck: who like 〈◊〉 b●… de had broken cage and was flown to Fes, making a f●… pretence to goue●…ne but as Ui●…eroy, yet secretly pra●…ised with foreign states, either to make them his friends whereunto he might ●…e, i●… Muley Boferes by fo●…ce should drive him out of Fes▪ or rather then he would loosē●…ooting in Africa, determined to bring in ●…orraine power, for ●…is aid. Wherefore Boferes fearing a christian storm w●…ich might ha●…le Bullets, was careful to k●…pe Abdela▪ M●…ley Sheckes eldest Son the safer to k●…pe the Father s●…rer from doing mischief. But it happe●…ed the plague was sharp in Moruecos, therefore Boferes sent his son Muley Abdel●…elch some five miles' fort●… of Moruecos with his tents, an●… Muley Sheck▪ Son with him▪ but either his keepers were negligent and corrupted, or else young Abdela too wily, for one night he made esca●…e out of the camp, and having horses ready l●…yd, posted to his Father at Fes. This Gallant being at liberty, sought all means to defend his title, being the eldest brothers son: his stirring spirit and youthful hope drew all the min●…s of the Fezzes unto him: inmuch as Muley Boferes sore afflicted with his escape, but more with the news of his preparations, dispéeded Azus unto Muley Sidan then in Sus, with request he would go personally to battle against Sheck and Abdela his son: Muley Sidan well entertained this message, and with all convenient speed drawing his own forces together, came within half a days journey of Morruecos, there pitching his tents, but not determining to hazard his fortune, or trust the price of his own head under his brother's hands, yet daily he sent letters by his servants of great credit, wherein ●…ee was willing to undertake the charge of war against Abdela, so that he might make choice of Captains and Commanders▪ and such proportion of soldiers as he thought fit, to undergo an action of such import. This proposition was neither liked of Boferes or his counsel, yet making fair weather to Must Sidan, letters passed from him daiof great love farced with many compliments, much mi●…iking his brother's mistrust, not daring to jeopard his person within Moruecos.  
Muley Sidan meaning to prove what correspondency his Brother Bof●…res heart carried with his hand, fra●…ed a letter which was sent as from the chie●…est man in those Mountain countries of Atlas, to Muley Boferes, full of duty and services, offering withal to send him Sidans head, who was encamped within his country at the foot of the hills. Answer to this letter was re●…urned with great thanks, and a large reward of gold promised, if a 〈◊〉 of that high and important ser●…ice would be performed. When Sidan by this had construed his brother's meaning, he raised camp▪ went to Tafilet, and remained in the country of Dara, gathering in of money and men, after two months spent with his brother to no effect at all▪ Boferes seeing Sidan departe●…, and de●…tute of his help for Fes, committed his camp to Abdelm●…lech his own Son, who was to be advised by the counsels of Bassa judar, Alkeyd Ha●…et Monsore, S●…dy Gowy, and alcayde Bokerse (thorough whose hands passed all business of Christian Merchants, so well ●…ispatched and so good regard thereof taken, that he was well liked of every man for his good dealing.) This camp being come within a days journey of Fes, which is twenty days march from Morruecos, ther●… the Soldiers ●…ell to a mutiny, and three thousand of them revolted unto Sheck, ●…rying openly, Long line Muley Sheck. Hereupon Abdelmelech called a counsel of war, wherein it was concluded, though their number were twice as many, to return without blow giu●…n back to Morruecos, perceiving indeed their soul●…iers hearts quite alienate●… from them.   

Cap. XI.  
Sir Anthoni●… Sherley's embassage from the Emperor of Germany to Muley Boferes, performed. Anno D●…. 1605.  
ABout this time being the beginning of October, arrived at Saphia sir Anthony Shirley, as Ambassador from th●… Emperor of Germany▪ to the King of Morruecos: his attendace was better than a private man, though somewhat wanting of the person from whom he was sent few of note were in his company, being in all about thirteen persons, of every Christian language one, because he would be ●…ted for interpretation of tongues. Amongst th●…se was sir Edwin Rich, whose behaui●…ur was good and well spoken of in e●…rie place were he came, not straining his credit to borrow m●…ney, but well provided to serve his own turn, answering to his birth, state, and bis●…ursments for the time. Sir A●…thonie then taking the title of Ambassador, during four months abode in Saphia, kept open house, invited all Christian Merchants daily, both to dinner and supper: to supply his own turn for money, he got credit of jews to take up money, and pay them in Morruecos, but at excessive rate, almost ●…ftie for a ●…undred. he bought likewise of an English merchants factor being at dinner with him, at two or three words, a ship of a hundred ●…xtie T●…nne, with all her lading being Wheat, paying him in hand two thousand oun●…es, and if he were not paid the rest of his money, within ten days after his arrival in Morruecos▪ then the buyer to l●…se his earnest. But before he went up, Abdelmelech returning from Fes▪ by reason of his soldiers treason, the ●…ing o●… ●…es marched towards Morruecos some four days journey, and there gave s●…ege unto a port town called Sally, and took it, but the Castle he could not wi●…. So the alcayde of the Castle wrote to Muley Boferes, that though the town were lost, the Castle he would keep for him, if he sent three hundred quarters of corn to vitta●…le his men, and a fresh supply of fifty soldiers. Boferes loath to lose the place, and hearing sir Anthony had bought a Ship of corn, writ to Saphie, and willed him to send his Ship to sally, and there to vnla●…e her corn for the relief of the Castellan, and his soldiers. Sir Anthony, willing to do the King a favour, sent for the Captain and Merchant of the Ship, willed them to go for Sally, and paying them for three hundred quarters, dealt so that thither they went, but the Castle being yielded before they came, the Captain and Merchant landed neither men, nor corn, but returned t●… Saphie.  
By this time were sent for the conduct of the Ambassador five hundred men, under the command of two alcaydes: unto every soldier sir Anthony gave a Turbith as a Livery of his love, which made them respect & honour him exceedingly, insomuch as one of the two alcaydes, not hastening to conduct the Ambassador up to Morruecos, but to provide himself of corn, it being exceeding dear at Morruecos, Sir Anthony desirous to set forward, and the Soldiers willing to pleasure him, fell to mutiny, in regard of the Alkeyds' slackness, killing two of his men to hasten their master forward. After his four months abode in Saphie, wherein his bounty was extraordinary, not to his Country men only, but to Flemish, French and Spanish, admired of his soldiers, he was received into Morruecos with great state, having by the way, as also during his abode in Saphie, diverse letters from the King, extolling his honourable endeavours, and approved valiantness in his farr●… adventures both by sea and land, not omitting any Courtship to win his love, or make him doubt his welcome.  
After two days stay in the City, the King mad●… preparation for his entertainment at Court, whither h●… went, suiting his follower●… as well as the shortness of time could suffer, and his credit with the Christian Merchants could afford, which was good, for two Spaniards were so rapt with admiration of his worth, and by his speeches alured with so strange hope, that they fell in emulation, whether should do him more services, or help him to more money: reasonably attended, he r●…de to Court, not lighting from his horse, where the King's Sons usually do, but road thorough the Mushward, (which is the King's great Hall, wherein most of his Lords, Gentlemen, and chief sort of people do attend, when they come to Court) which none but the King himself doth. Being come into the King's presence, his Letters of credit were received, with great show of kindness, and himself entertained with all gracious respect, not only at the King's hands, but of the principallest men in office or favour about the Court, and so for that time was dismissed, the chiefest men attending him back to the place where he took horse. Some five days after, sir Anthony Shirley coming to audience, and thinking to have ridden in as he did before a chain was hung cross the entrance of the Mushward, which he perceiving only done to hinder his passage, would not alight from his horse, but returned back very discontented. This being certified to Boferes, presently three of his chiefest alcaydes were sent to qualify the matter. But sir Anthony took the disgrace not as his own, but his whose person he represented, telling the alcaydes, his master the Emperor, was able & would requite the injury, neither did he fear, though now within the power of Boferes, knowing the greatness of him in whose service he was employed, so far surpassing the King of Morruecos, as maugre the proudest he would be fetched from thence, and be fully revenged of the least injury done unto him. The three alcaydes laid the blame upon the King's Porter, offering sir Anthony the Porter's head if he would have it, so spending an hour to pacify his choler, and bring him back, the Porter before his face was sore beaten and imprisoned, neither ever after was he hindered of riding thorough the Mushward.  
During his abode in Morruecos, which was five months, Boferes and he had diverse private conferences, as it was generally thought, which way to keep him in the Kingdom against his two brethren, Sheck and Sidan; as also to give the great L●…ke a blow to drive him out of Algiers and Tunes. From Moruecos Sir Anthony departed with great content to himself, and good liking of Boferes, of whom he bought two Portugal Gentlemen for a hundred and fifty thousand ounces, which amounteth to some ten thousand pound sterling. These two had been captives in Morruecos almost 16. years, the one, Son to the viceroy of the East Indies, the other of a noble house in Portugal. The first had his resgat thrice sent for to ransom him out of the East Indies, but twice it was taken by the English, once by Flemings during our late waters with them: the other, his brethren drive him of for his res●…at, either to save so much money, or not able to pay so great a fine. To accompany him from the Court to Saphie was sent one of the King's Gentlemen Ushers, to whom at his parting he threw him his Hat which he wore, from his head, with a jewel of great value, rewarding largely all the Ushers followers. For his guard (the ways being then very dangerous) was sent down with him, four hundred shot, under the command of Alkeyd Abdela Sinko, a Portugal renegado, (which is a Christian turned Moor.) This man, whether by persuasion, or voluntarily, desiring to see his nati●…e Country, in the night got aboard of the Ship sir Edwin Rich was in, not sir Anthony's, the Ship presently weighing anchor made sail for Spain, but the other remaining with sir Anthony in the harbour.  
This dealing was taken in ill part, insomuch that ●…ue of his men being sent to shore for certain provision which they lacked, were cla●…yed up in prison, and sent in chains to Morruecos, but afterward released. Sir Anthony writing to the King, both to clear himself of the fact, and desiring remedy for these his new sustained grievances, set a good show upon the matter, stayed four days after the other Ship which had carried away the alcayde, and would have carried until he had his 〈◊〉 men again, but that he was written unto to be gon●… from an especial friend a shore, advising him he did not well to ride so long in the port, divers Flemish-men of war being abroad, and if any should chance to come in there, as seldom it is without, they finding these two Gentlemen as prize would seize upon them, and then was there lost Thirty Five Thousand ounces, which a merchants Factor had lent Sir Anthony Shirley to clear him out of the country, for which the Factor had the two Portugals bound to pay this debt at their arrival in Lisbon. Upon this advertisement he departed, and the next day Boferes sent him a letter, to clear his men. And so I return to the ●…le of my continued history.   

Cap. XII.  
Muley Abdela goeth in person against Muley Boferes; driveth him out of Moruecos; Putteth to death Bassa judar, and other Noble men.  
MVley Sheck, putting his Son Abdela forward to the whole command of the army, himself meaning to sa●… one, kept in Allarocha three Italian Ships, purposing if matters prospered not well, with treasure sufficient to go to Florence: but the battle not fought, his determination altered, ●…or he e presently seized all stranger●… ships which came either to Laratch, Salie, or other parts, as also some merchants ships of ●…es, robbing them of their goods, making the Mariners land their Pieces, and all the men either to serve him, or else to have the iron given them. Hereb●…●…e ●…tted himself of Captaine●… and soldiers being En●…sh, French, and Dutch, with 27. P●…eces of Ordinan●…e and shot thereunto sufficient. And so ●…red the mind of his Son Abdela, with hope of winning Moruecos (being of himself drunken with the ambitions desire of a Kingdom) that Abdela about the latter ●…nde of November 1606. marched to Moruecos with his troops being some ten Thousand horse and foot, besides his christian Mariners, whose help won him the field, fought some six miles southeast from Moruecos, on the eight of December 1606. Sheck bore his Son company no farther than Salie, from whence three hours riding is a river called Mamora, into which bay the Italian Ships put in: Sheck went thither, and hard by the Ships upon the shore pitched his Tent wherein he lay, part of his treasure being shipped, himself determining there to stay, and expect the event of his Son, if it passed well with him, than Africa should hold him, otherwise to visit the great Duke of Thuscane, on whose courtesy he much rested. But the christian Gunners so well observed their times of shooting and placing their Ordinance, as they got Abdela the field, hoping thereby to have obtained both liberty, and pillage, of which most of them poor men failed▪ as afterward you shall read.  
When Sheck heard Abdela had got Moruecos, he grew careless to send provision or supply the wants of his three Italian Ships, wherefore they set sail from Mamora homewards, taking such treasure for their pay as were in their custodies. Boferes lost in this battle about Sir Hundred men, fled into the City to save his treasure and his women, but for fear of being surprised, durst not tarry to take his treasure away with him, but in all haste posted toward the Mountains, willing the Alkeids and chiefest men of his court to bring it after him, with the rich Swo●…rd, the like whereof is not in the world: committing also to their conduct his daughter, and the ch●…isest of his women, amongst whom was the wise of Ben Wash the King's Merchant. At the entry of the hills a kindred of the Larbies being five hundred horsemen, seized upon these people, pillaged their carriages, rifled and dishonoured the women, not sparing Boferes Daughter, (whom Abdela determined to have married, but hearing divers Mores to have lain with her, & also that she was suspected to have lived in incest with her father; after his entrance into Moruecos, he never inquired farther after her. The Alkeids being well mounted by the swiftness of their Horses, returned back to Moruecos, and there took sanctuary. Abdela upon their submission promised them pardon, on whose Princely word (they relying) came forth, the Foker of the place presenting them: But Muley Abdela, whether incited by envious counsel, or on his own bloody mind, putteth them so secretly to death, that sending all their heads in one sack to Fes, for a present to his Father, Their deaths was not fully known in the City of Mo●…uccos, before their heads were set upon Fcs' gates. Here was the end of Bassa judar a great soldier in old hamet's time, a faithful Commander during his life to Boferes, accompanied with Sedy Gowie, Alkeid A●… his Son, Alkeid Moden the Cassemie, and some four great men more.   

Cap. XIII.  
Muley Sidan cometh against Muley Abdela; getteth Moruecos from him; killeth Eight Thousand of his men; and upon cold blood causeth 3000. Thousand F●…zees to be slain, yielding upon good composition.  
THis tyranny of Abdela showed upon these valiant and worthy men; and the spoil which the Fezees had made aswell in robbing the Alkeids houses, as in ry●…ing the Citizen's goods, and committing aloutrages which follow war, caused many fly to Muley Sidan, and the rest which remained in Moruecos grew●… discontented, so that the Sunne-●…hine of abdela's happiness scarce lasted two months: for Sidan resting in the half way between Moruecos and Fes, taking opportunity of this uproar of the Townsemen, marched toward Moruecos on the North side of the Town, determining to give present battle, hearing by the scow●…s, that Muley Abdela his camp was looged in the great Garden or Orchard called the Almowetto, being some two English miles about. The first night of Sidans approach, the prisoners were released and prisons broken open, so that these men getting liberty, ran half mad up and down the City, crying long live Sidan, which troubled the citizens not a little: And in this uproar, Sidans faction let into the Citi●… (at a secret gate) many of his soldiers, which made a sally upon the regiment of Zal●…, meaning to have surprised abdela's camp, but himself coming to the rescue with two Thousand men, continued a hot skirmish against the Sidanians, in which the christians fought valiantly to recover their Pieces of Artillery which were lost, until the Sidanians were forced to retire. The next day being the 25 of April Stilo novo, Abdela removed towards Muley Sidan who was encamped on the North side of the City, not daring to come on the southside, for fear of the shot which galled his men from the battlements of the King's house. Therefore he hearing of Abdelas remove and intending to venture his fortune upon a present battle, set forward to meet him with a regiment of his best horse: Abdela perceiving this caused his Canoni●… to march foremost▪ which could but place five Pieces of their Artillery in a ●…rest▪ because the Orchards and Gardens made the passages ●…ery narrow and strait where as the armies should m●…te▪ Sidan●… horsemen gave 〈◊〉 very gallant charge, but the Canonier●… made them retire: Which Abde●… hors●…▪ men perceiving, being encouraged, and too eager of the chase, some Thousand Horse galloped before their own Ordinance, and followed their enemy close to Sidans camp, their Pieces of Artillery being drawn after them. Muley Sidan well knowing the advantage of the place, seeing his enemies deprived of the benefit of their great Ordinance, which he most feared, encouraged his men to keep their ground, and bringing with his own person fresh supplies to second them, gave his adversaries the Abdelians so hot a charge, that they were fain to retire in great disorder, upon the mouths of their own Artillery. This does array perceived by the Christian Gunners, it put them in mind to discharge upon their own men the Abdelians, holding it better to kill Five or Six Hundred of their own side, then to lose the battle. But the More, who was Captain over the canoneers and other Commanders, would not suffer it: Wherefore the Sidanians following in good order, and very close, fell to the execution with their swords, surprised the Artillery, and flew the men. The slaughter continued some four hours, betwixt seven or eight Thousand killed, and few to speak on left alive, for what the soldiers spared, the Citizens in revenge of their disorders, pillages, and villainies done to their women, bereaved them of their lives, who being dead were not suffered to be buried, but lay above the ground as a prey to the dags and souls of the air. Heavy likewise was the Conqueror's hand upon the Christians which took abdela's part, most of them for their five months service to Abdela, were either slain in the fury of battle, or after had his throat cut. And this was the end of them, who had lived in the straits of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea, not as Merchants by honest trading, but having committed spoil upon divers Seafaring men, felt the bloody hand of a barbarous Nation, (as a deserved punishment sent from God) to execute justice for their manifold committed wrongs and outrages.  
This battle▪ being lost with the greatest bloodshed that any hath been since these wars began, Muley Abdela fled to Fes, a Hundred persons of his whole army not left alive to bear him company: And Sidan Master of the field, entered the City of Mor●…uecos, having another task to take in hand ere he could settle himself quietly in his own nest. For the King's house being Castle wise builded, and severed from the City with a defensible and a strong wall, lacking no kind of munition for the defence thereof, had within it, besides souldeirs of Morruecos, three Thousand Fezees who were not at the last battle, but left there to guard the place for Abdela.  
These presuming on their own valour and strength of the place, denied to render it upon any terms to Sidan, though they were solicited, during the space of two days, by all fair means thereunto: Sidan bringing his Artillery to the walls, yet delayed as loath to deface a building so strong, costly, and beautiful; So that in the mean time a Captain whose house joined to the wall, by stealth with Five Hundred men, scaled and won the top of the wall, crying, victory 〈◊〉 Muley Sidan, which so amazed the soldiers within, thinking the forces which were entered far greater than they were, without more ado or offering to resist, they took Sanctnary in the great Church belonging to the King's house, every man with his Piece and furniture about him.  
Muley Sidan upon this, sent Bassa Seleman, willing them to deliver up their Arms, with promise they should be pardoned, which presently they did, yielding and delivering both swords and pieces. Thus disarmed, they seely souls came forth, when presently after, message came from the King to butcher and cut the throats of them'all, which was executed. A pitiful matter in my judgement, so many men yielding upon good composition, after fury of battle, upon cold blood to be made so pitiful a spectacle: it was bootlosse for them to allege either law or reason in defence of their lives, such is the misery & slavery of that people, whose goods and lives lieth always in the will of the King, either to save, or destroy at his pleasure. Some colour Sidan had for his tyranny, thinking these Fezees would never be won wholly to be his, but upon fit time, and every little occasion revolt from him: Secondly, he meant to requite Abdela lege Talionis, for putting so many commanders to death, prising every one of their lives, worth three hundred common soldiers.   

Cap. XIIII.  
Sidan sendeth great preparationsagainst Abdela: who af-after composition, murdereth vorie near three thousand Sidanians. Sidans bloody decree against the Shraceis for their offence.  
NOw is Sidan settled in Morruecos but scarce secure, for the chiefest men in the City wished an alteration, because their King to get their money and wealth to maintain his own estate, began to pick quarrels with them, making some who began to speak and repine at his doings, lose their heads, Quoniam Ganis mortuus non latrat. The common people whose natural condition is always to desire novelties, wished for a new King, feeling his oppression, and the famine whereof many died, grew careless of peace, thinking every change would bring a remedy, when indeed it was like the incision of an unskilful Surgeon, not ouring the malady, but making the wound wider, gangrend, and incurable. Sidan purposing to purge this malcontented humour of the Commonalty, rat●…ed an army of twelve thousand foot, and six thousand horse, determining to take Fes. The chief men of command over thi●… army, were these, Bassa Mus●…efa, alcayde Hamet Benbreham, Alkeyd Ally Tahila, Alkeyd Gago, and alcayde Hadoe Tobib, with divers others: Muley▪ Sidan not going in person with this army, lest in his absence Morruecos the seat of the Empire should revolt. Muley Sheck hearing these news, went to Allarocha, there took a great Flemish Ship from the Merchant, with all the goods in her, therein shipping his tree azure, determining to run away, ichis Sons Abdela should lose Fes. Abdela omitted no time to gather new forces, so that in small time he thought himself sufficient to meet the Sidanians in open field, and so he did near to Mickanes, where the people on Sidans part, missing their King in the field, or any one of the bloo●… royal refused to fight, and in stead of striking, fell to parl●…y; That if Abdola would pardon them, they would yield, and so they did, yet most of them ran away, except three thousand Morruekyns, who presuming upon Abdela's gentle nature, stayed with him, hoping kind entertainment into his pay, in stead whereof, Muley Abdela commanded all their throats to be cut, granting them only this favour: first to be stripped for fowling their clothes.  
Thus we may see, merciless Sidan butcher poor souls at Morruecos▪ pitiless Abdela murder these unfortunate slaves at Mickanes, both verefying the old proverb, Quicquid delirant Rog●…s, plectu●…tur Achivi. In this battle were taken betwixt thirty and forty English men, who served Muley Sidan as canoneers, yet not any of that company which served Abdela at Morruecos when he lost the City and field, but other voluntaries, part of these fled with the body of the army back is Morruecos, part were taken, whom Abdela spared, as well in regard of former services the Nation had done him, as also for the presen●… use her was to employ them in This expedition of Sidan's coming to so unlooked a disaster, made him send forth his Commanders with divers companies, to the Alarbies, for fresh supply of men and treasure: amongst which as chief was dispéeded Bassa Seleman master of the old King's horse for Tastlet, there to govern the country, carrying with him some fifteen hundred shot, of which six hundred were Shracies, people of the King of Chaus, or Coucoes' country, who hath always wars with Algers or Algiers. These Shraceis were borne in the mountains of Atlas, being of a fierce and bloody nature, not respecting the Turks might or government, no more than the Montaniers of Mo●…ecos, will acknowledge the sovereignty of the Barbarian. Some twelve hundred of these had Sidan in his pay, half part whereof he kept at Monuecos, the other was sent with S●…leman. These amongst themselves sell into a mutiny, neither for want of pay or ill usage, but in desire to do a mischief, by force cut off the Bassa's head, carrying it with them as a Trophy of their victory, and a fit present to win Abd●…las savour, who was then at Fes, whither they went for entertainment. S dan here with moved made proclamation, that for three Months what Shracee soever, soldier, or any other, were to be found in Mor●…uecos, or else where in his D●…minions, should be put to the sword, and to have it better and more fully executed it was proclaimed that the man●…eller should have the goods of the Shrac●… so killed. Many rich men of this Nation or kindred res●…ant in Mor●…uecos, felt the fury of the sword, for the folly and foul fault of their tribe: such as coul●… get packing, ran away, others of the better sort, their friends hid them in their houses, until Sidan scared with 〈◊〉 of Abdelas coming towards him proclaimed general pardon for the remainder left alive, and free passage of trading or commerce for any Shracee which would venture to Moruecos, yet few durst come upon these goodly terms; or those who lay hid in Morruecos, if they were worth any thing▪ show themselves in public, for fear this were a pretence to bring the residue unto the halter. Those Shracees' who were sole causers of this massacre, being with Abdela at Fes, daily moved him to go towards Morruecos, vowing every man to die in his cause, and for revenge of their wives children and friends, who had smarted for their sakes. Abdela something animated with their offers, yet delayed, knowing his forces far inferior unto Sidan's, until still urged by the Shracies which had brought from the mountains some store of their kindred, very able and resolute men to his aid, he set forwards about the latter end of August towards Morruecos, determining to give battle once more to Muley Sidan. Of what strength Abdelas army consisted, the certainty is not known, but guessed to be very near fifteen thousand horse and foot.   

Cap. XV.  
Sidan flieth: the death of the valiant Captain john Giffard, and divers English men. Abdela regaineth Morruecos.  
MMuley Sidan was very strong, for beside his own soldiers, the Morruecans aided him with eight thousand men, and divers tribes sent supplies to augment his forces. He had two hundred English, the most of them voluntaries, sixty field pieces, with sufficient shot and powder. Over the English and all the Christians was general Captain john Giffard a Gentleman of a worthy spirit, and descended from the ancient and honourable stem of the Giffards in Buckinghamshire. Upon his first entertainment and welcome into the country; Sidan bestowed upon him a rich sword, valued at a thousand marks, and a scarlet cloak, richly embroidered with Pearl, sent as a present to Muley Hamet, the King's father, from our late sovereign of famous memory Queen Elizabeth, besides many other extraordinary favours of good value, and often conversing familiarly, yea, sometimes visiting Captain Giffard at his own Tent. His entertainment was twenty five shillings per diom, besides many supplies proceeding from the King's bounty. With him as secondary men in charge, was one master Philip Giffard, his near and very dear kinsman, Captain jaques a very valiant soldier, captain Smith one of the most exquisite engineers in Europe, captain Baker an ancient Britain soldier, captain Tailer, captain Faukes, captain Chambers, captain Isaac, men every way able to undergo their several commands. These were daily stipendaries at twelve shillings a man, except the two sea captains, Isaac, and Chambers, who had four shillings a day, and every common soldier twelve pence truly paid them. These preparations considered, Muley Sidan had small reason to leave the field, or fear Abdelas forces, being nothing in respect of his. ●…ut certain it is, the Muley sending for his Wizards, Soothsayers, willing them to foretell that he might foreknow the success of his embattled army: their answer was, he should lose the battle, be driven into Sus: within five Months: should regain Morruecos, and there during life enjoy the kingdom. Upon this answer, the Muley giving great credit thereunto, as the nature of a Barbarian is very suspicious, commanded Bassa Mus●…a with 3000. soldiers to convey away his mother, wives, and children. To Alkeyd Hamet Benbreham and Hado 〈◊〉, he commended the charge of his treasure, who laded sixty M●…les with gold, guarding them and the Muleteers, with two thousand of his 〈◊〉 shot.  
These 〈◊〉 ●…ded, it may appear Sidan but honered, and would follow, yet the battles met the 26. of No●…. 1607. some sisteene miles from the City of Moruecos, the canoneers of Muley Sidan, part having in the forefront discharged, there enemies being somewhat far off, but before they could charge again, the enemy was with them. The Shrac●…es did not once discharge a piece, great nor small, but joining themselves close to the Abdelians, charged the Sidanians very fiercely with their Sables, revenge of Sidans tyranny showed upon their kindred, enraging their minds and courages, or their faithful promise (which they sought to make good) to Abdela, made them put the Sidanians to flight: or else it was Sidan's fear that he should not make good his Soothsayers prophecy, which made his men to run away. For at the first encounter, his Moors fell into a di●…-arraay, & presently into a dishonourable flight, whereupon Muley Sidan fled, sent th' the English Captains to be gone, and to captain Giffard a good horse to save himself. The English returned word, that they came not thither to r●…, but rather die an honourable death. Captain Giffard encouraged his men, telling them there was no hope of victory, but to 〈◊〉 and die like men, like English men, and then ask for his Jaques whom he loved dearly, and taking a 〈◊〉 in his hand, thought to have rode unto him, being told he was not sixscore from him, and to have died together, but in the way captain Giffard being charged by eight Abdelians, one behind him shot him thorough, and so was he there ●…aine. Few of all the English Nation were left alive, the number not exceeding thirty, and none of the Commanders escaped except captain Isaac & captain Faukes, of the Moors were not slain in all forty persons.  
Sidan being gone, as loath to tarry, spend blood, and win a field, Abdela got the ground his enemies marched upon, but no great victory, entered Morruecos without applause or rejoice of the Citizens, some yet feeling his late done injuries, sorry for the loss of Sidan, who had proved a Tyrant, nor welcoming Abdela upon hope of amendment, but with policy and patience fitted themselves to the misery of the time: Abdela once again Master of Moruecos, got the King's house, but found no treasure to relieve his wants, great were his promises to reward the Shraceis with bounty, and enrich his followers. When the City was recovered, now he having it, there failed of his expectation, and his soldiers lacking both meat and money: yet to keep them still in hope, and so in government, it was bruited the young King had found a well full of treasure within the house which Muley Hamet Xarif had laid up for a dear year, but this good news quickly vanished, the Well not yielding water to refresh their fainting stomachs. Therefore the Shraceis having released their kindred, recovered their wives and children, which had escaped the fury and bloody decree of Sidan the last King, they took good words and kind usages of Abdela in am of payment, seeing Moruecos neither afforded them meat nor abdela's fortune further maintenance, and so Three Thousand of them departed at one time. Muley Abdela with the restdue of his forces kept Moruecos, labouring by all possible means to give his soldiers content, and keep them together, so with much a●… he lived in Moruecos some two months, during which time Muley Sidan was gathering a fresh army in Sus.   

Cap. XVI.  
Muley Hamet Bosonne cometh against Abdela, and causeth him fly to his Father. Boferes like to be taken, flieth to Salie. Muley Sidan cometh against Muley Hamet Bosonne: who flieth, and is poisoned by old Azus.  
BUT whilst Abdela and Sidan were contriving their own ends, there arised a storm in the Mountains which fell in the plainens of Moruecos, the tempest driver was one Muley Hamet Bosonne, cousin to the three brethren which have striven for the kingdom. This man gathering treasure, and temporizing with them all three, so played their game, that finding their weakness which these quarrels had brought them unto, upon a sudden seeing his time went into the Mountains to his mother's kindred, mustered very near 20. thousand able men, the Muley being well provided of treasure, gave them due pay and large, winning them to his respect & service, so that in less than two months space, he got all things in readiness, descended from the Tessevon Mountains towards Moruecos.  
This news brought to Abdela was very unwelcome, yet (calling his wits and council together) it was concluded considering the Shraceis were gone, his remnant of soldiers feeble and out of heart, and the Moruecans daily fled to Hamet Bosonne, whose uprising like a blazing star drew their eyes upon him, that Abdela should travel to Fes, which he might well do without a guide, having heretofore upon like necessities, often measured the miles: And though he was determined so to do, yet a small occasion hastened his journey, for some mile from abdela's camp, upon a hill on the backside of Morruecos, a man being seen with a spear in his hand, and a white linen upon it as a flag. Abdela thought Hamet Bosonne to be with his whole forces behind the hill, when he was a full days march from Moruecos: Therefore in all hast he took up some of his ten, but the greater part left standing in a manner, being feared, ran away. And afterward when this matter was discovered, which Abdela held a token of his surprise, it was nothing else but a poor More washing his nappery, and for the speedier drying used this means which terrified Abdela from the seat of his Empire, to Fes the safest place for his abode.  
Lylla Isha Sidans Mother hearing of Hamet Bosonnes approach, was persuaded his movements were only to defend her Sons right, knowing Bosonne of late favoured Sidans title, coming into his pay, and in person serving the Muley at the last battle when Sidan fled into Sus. hereupon she sent divers captains, part of her own Guard, others of her friends and kindred to his aid, thinking he would have taken Moruecos for Sidan. But Bosonne having entered the City peaceably, proclaimed himself King, dismissed all Sidans favourers, which were not willing to be his servants, who returned to their Lady Mistress, certifying her error and their success: his treasure he imparted largely to his followers, by strong hand desired no man's service, but those who were willing▪ Some thirty english men remaining, weary of their sustained misery, and the state of the country, he gave them licence to embark, and writ to the Governor of Saphia to give them their pass, notice whereof being given to the Factor Marine, for the English he disparted them into divers Ships with all conveniency, though to his cost and charges charity to help the distressed souls, and love to his native country, moving him there unto. This Muley Hamet Bosonne during the time of his government was a very good and just man, offered no discourteste, or took away any man's goods, but paid the merchants truly for the same, who liked well his currant and true dealing.  
Bosonnes Mother hearing her Son was settled in Morruecos, brought what strength she could from the Mountains, and in her way knowing Boferes lodged in a fortress, whereunto he was fled, not to be well guarded, she beset the house, meaning to take the Muley prisoner, who being doyde of means to resist in the night, made a hole through the wall and so escaped privately to Salie, a port Town within the jurisdiction of his Brother Sheck, where at this day he remaineth.  
On the morrow betimes, Bosonnes mother with her men entered the fort, mi●…ing Boferes, cut off the head of Vmsed Benbela one of his chiefest servants, and Commanders: then went she forward to congratulate her Sons coming to the kingdom, being then in Moruecos. But an Empire ill got, is seldom seen of long continuance, for within less than two months, Muley Sidan came out of Sus with a great army, for whose aid Lylla Isha sold her jewels, and Plate, to furnish her Son with Swords, Pikes, Horsemen, staves, and other warlike munition.  
On the other side Hamet Bosonne prepared to welcome his cousin the Muley Sidan; so about the beginning of April 1608. both their forces met hard by Morruecos where a chief of a kindred one Grufe which came out of Sus, a great wine drinker, always a favourer of Muley Sidan (though little valuing any of the three kings) presuming upon his own strength and valour, desired the honour that he might give charge upon the enemy with five Hundred Horse which was his own regiment, and of his own kindred: Sidan refused to grant him his request, therefore the Casima took his own leave and gave the enemy a full charge upon the body of his army, which receiving him very bravely, the Casima and his company were in great danger to be overthrown: but Sidan to relieve him, sent five Hundred Horsemen of his own: so with these Thousand, the Casima broke the ran●… of Bosonnes' battalions, then with their sables fell to execution, until the whole camp seeing the field lost, fled towards the Mountains: thus Sidan without further resistance entering Morruecos, resting there in quiet three months, until Hamet Boson recovering now forces in july following, presented himself before the City, trusting as well upon his own strength, as the love of the Citizens: hoping his good and gentle usage when he was amongst them, would have bred a liking in them, of his mild and gentle government: but either the servile mind of the multitude little respected his forepassed kindness, or the fear of Sidan made them loath to show any sign of good will, for at his approach no man in the City was known to draw a Sword in his defence. So on the eight of july Bosonne was discomfited with the loss of some Thousand men, fled to the mountains, where within four days after Alkeid Azus got him poisoned, hoping thereby to win the favour of Muley Sidan.  
This Azus is aged and subtle, by his long experience best knoweth the secrets of that state, was brought up under Abdela, Muley Hamet Xarifs Brother, and for his counsel to Abdela, willing him 〈◊〉 or to put out the eyes of Hamet Xarif, or cut his throat, was in danger to have lost his life when Hamet Xarif came to be King, but the wisdom of the man won such respect with Hamet, that of a prisoner, he made him his chiefest councillor, and master of his treasury, during whose life time his behaviour was such, as he won great love among the Commons, Nobility, and many of the blood Royal. When old Hamet died, he was in his camp near Fes, and after his death rested all his love upon Muley Sidan (holding him the prime man and fittest of the three brethren, to rule the Kingdom,) until both he and Sidy Embark could not counsel and rule Muley Sidan, for his own good and benefit of the common weal, being headstrong, and would take no man's counsel but to his own liking and hurt, therefore Sedy Abdela Embark went to his contemplation at Aca: And Azus to a castle in the Mountains, which he had stored with treasure against a storm, or to refresh the winter of his age, from whence he will not come down, until he see some hope of peace, having at this instant more treasure in his Coffers, than all the three Brethren beside, and hopeth to keep it being in the midst of his friends and kindred, and in a place as well fortified as any in Barbary.   

Cap. XVII.  
Muley Sheck sendeth john Elyna into Spain 〈◊〉 the Moors are against their landing.  
MVley Sheck seeing his Son Abdela returned to 〈◊〉, his soldiers part lost, the residue wearied with travels and out of heart, his treasure all spent, nothing left: Sidan chase Bosonne to the Mountains, who was there dispatched of his life, recovering the City, and likely to keep it against them all: Fearful lest Sidan's ne●…t enterprise would be to rouse him out of Fes, fell in conference with an Italian Merchant named john Etina making him his agent, to go into Spain▪ there to conclude, that if the Catholic King would aid him with men and money to recover his right, there should be delivered up into his hand●…s, Allaroche, Saly, Alcazar, and other towns lying fit for his mouth: This negotiation was well entertained. And john Etina was promised for his labour in this business, and bringing it to effect, upon the delivery of the port towns, to have yearly paid him Two Thousand Ducats during his life. In june last passed, this matter was first moved, since which time in the latter end of August, as my author telleth me, seven Galleons, and the Galleys of Naples, in all a hundred sail, well manned with store of pioneers to raise forts, went to Allaroche, thinking to be received, but Thirty Thousand Alarbees came down to the shore, not allowing any such neighborhoode, though they hold the Andelusian half their blood. It is reported the Governor offered them the keys of Allaroche, if they would land: but told them they came somewhat to soon before matters were ripe, or could be effected as Sheck did desire for the King of Spain's benefit.  
Thus are they returned missing of their designs, and for this year likely to fail of making their Master the only Commander of both sides the straits of Gybraltar. Whether Sir Anthony Shirley was employed in this service, it is not certainly known▪ some are of opinion that he was induced thereunto, because they have formerly heard the King of Spain hath royally rewarded him for his travails with Boferes, by giving him the places and pay of two Captains in the Indies, made him Admiral of the Levant Seas, and next in place to the Uizeroy of Naples, having for his entertainment Five Hundred Ducats a month: without question he knoweth well the state of that uncivil and barbarous Nation, having an apprehending and admirable wit to conceive the disposition of any people with whom he shall converse, whilst he was amongst them, he behaved himself very well toward the better sort, winning credit with them, & gaining the love of the poorer sort exceedingly, by his largesse (for if a More or slave gave him but a dish of Dates, he should receive a reward as from an Emperor) & howsoever some may hold this a vice, counting him a lavisher: yet by this means he came to the knowledge of that which otherwise he never should have attained unto. The more credible fame is, sir Anthony was not with this Fleet, therefore they sped never the better, for had he been in company, and had command, he would either have taken footing, or ventured all, scorning to return with doing nothing, and so be laughed at. This may be a caveat for great men, not to undertake great matters & exploits, but upon certain ground and weighty reason, for else the envious eye of the world looking upon them, and marking their actions, will deride, if they see them fail in their enterprises.  
Now gentle Reader, must I with these Galleys return to the safe and calm harbour of your favour and gentleness: seeing the Sun declineth towards the winter Tropike, the 〈◊〉 will begin to run high and rough; if they should ●…anshe further into the main, perchance they might be weather beaten. Even so for me to write without advise, is to sail at random, which would quickly be found in your wisdom, how I ventured without my Sea-card, and might without more directions, easily make shippe-wracke of my small burden, not valuable I confess, yet will be better prized, if it pass your friendly censure. Therefore here will I strike sail, leaving Sheck with his Son Abdela in Fes: Boferes either at Salie, or upon the Sea coast, readier to fly, then to fight. Sidan holding the stern at Morruecos, hoping to guide his tossed bark during the prophecy. Spain a great Monarch, desiring to take better hold in Africa then Tituan, having at this instant Muley Sheck (commonly called Prince de Morruecos, the right heir in descent from the stem of Hamet Sheck Xarif) in his safe keeping, who was the first man which got the Empire from the Marines, and translated it into his own Family.    

THE DAMNABLE REligion of the incredulous More or Barbarian.  
THE false Prophet Mahomet, calling to counsel a jew and a Friar to make his law, extracted out of the old law what he found for his liking: and likewise, perverted places in the new Testament, which by a wrong and sinful wresting, might seem fit for his purpose. Out of these two and the fancies of his own brain, the Devil being Register, Mahomet compiled his Koran: to please the jew he told him Moses was Cillim Vlla, that is, the word of God, because he spoke to the Israelites as God commanded him. To win favour with the Friar, he confessed our Saviour Christ was of great off éeme, calling him Sedy Nysa, and with all said he was Rohala, that is, the breath of God, borne of the virgin Marie after a strange fashion, whom he called Lylla Mariam, but not incarnate: Confessed that of her was borne a Prophet to save the world, to whom all should have given ear, and have believed. But the jews (before he had finished the work of our salvation) would not hear. but sought to crucify him. Whereupon Christ seeing the jews so obstinate, ascended up into heaven, putting another man in his place to be crucified, whom 
judas is the man who they say was crucified in stead of christ: which error might grow of this, that S●… Sireneus carried his cross.  they did torment, for which cause the jews are at this day slaves amongst them: that Christ shall come again, and at his coming all shall be one, and gathered into one sheepfold.  
Their false Prophet Mahomet, whom they call Rosulla, that is the Messenger of God, was but a Larbee as they were, but God gave unto him power and understanding, to make an end of the Law, which the jews would not suffer Christ to do: and most blasphemously allege, that place in the sixteenth of saint john's Gospel, to be meant of Mahomet, Expedit vobis ut ego vadam, si enim non abiero, paracletus non veniet advos; si autem abiero, mittam ●…um advos. Images they disallow, either in churches or private oratory's, holding this principle, None can forgive sins, but God only. Other book of Religion than their Alcoran none may use, neither any explains by writing the meaning of any place therein, be he never so learned. Therefore if any doubt, he must go to the Priest called Talby, and of him be resolved. Small learning maketh a Talby, which is only to learn the Alcoran without book, and it is thus learned: First, he bathe written him a lesson upon a board like unto a hornbook, when he hath learned that Memoriter, then is it wiped out, and a new written, which being learned without booke●…, is again wiped out, so a third, so a fourth, until he hath learned it all, and then he may be made a Talby.  
Circumcision they use, and a kind of Baptism, but at their own houses, not in the Churches, because women used about the Lavature, may not enter the Synagogue: first, because of their often uncleanness, secondly, for their offence, because Eve incited Adam to 〈◊〉▪ (the like custom for their women is amongst the jews) therefore the Moor when a son or daughter is borne, the eight vay after their birth, the parents send for a Talby, and some old men and women, where after a few prayers said, the women wash the child all over with water, and so give the name, making a banquet according to the man's ability, but it may be, the child shall not be circumcised of two, three, or eight years after, according as the father doth think good, for than he maketh great banquets: and usually to save cost, hath a child married, or some of his kindred upon that day.  
They have four principal feasts. The Easter which is called Rumedan, preceding this feast is their Lent, about the constitution of which, their Prophet finding it hard to fast forty days together, abated them ten, so they fast but thirty, yet is it very hard, for after day breaketh, they take no manner of suste●…ance in the world, not so much as a sup of water before night that the stars do appear, so strict are they when their Lent falleth high in the year, (which it must needs do, because their year is shorter than ours by ten days, reckoning by the Moon, not by the month,) as many grow faint with fasting, and my Author saith, he hath seen divers laid before the Church door, ready to give up the ghost for drought, and some have died, holding it (no question) something meritorious to die in seeking to fulfil their Law. And once the same Gentleman travailing to Morruecos with certain Moors in his company in their time of Lent, one of the Moors being thirsty with heat and travail, went to a Conduit in the streets of Moruecos to drink a little water: but the people so wondered at him, and reviled the poor slave, crying out he knew not God, for breaking in public their Law, (though it doth admit one may break the fast for great necessity a day or two in his travail, so he take upon his conscience to fast as many days as he hath miss, before the next Rumedan come again) that the poor slave seeing himself condemned of his own people, and dishonoured before the Christian travailers, in a desperate mind (which may be counted zeal) killed himself with his own dagger. The jews in that Country observe a Lent, in remembrance of their forty years journey in the Wilderness, but divide the forty days of this their Lent equally, into every month some.  
Their second feast called Lidlaber, celebrated about our Whitsuntide, is kept in remembrance of Abraham's obedience, in sacrificing his son Isaac, therefore the Moor be he poor or rich, for himself, and for every son he hath, will buy a sheep against the day, when every one must kill his sheep with his own hands. And the King both the like, slaying one with his own hand, turning the head into the East. The jews in their Church or Synagogue, three or four times when they are at prayers, ●…o blow a sheeps horn, in remembrance of this feast, but not every one bloweth it, only the greatest Raby, or high Priest for solémnitie sake doth it.  
Their third feast is like to our Michaelmas, called Lashour, which the jews keep as the feast of Tabernacles. The Moor celebrateth it after his Inning of Corn and fruits. The King maketh use of this positive Law, strengthening it with his authority, as also with the habit and cloak of Religion and conscience, thereby to make his subject, pay the tenths (due to be paid at that time) of all his corn and cattle, both young and old, with greater alacrity: All which cometh unto the King's coffers. Like wise at this time the common people should pay the tenth of their money to the poor and Church: something indeed they give, but if the King be paid, the oftentimes is winked at, their Church having no command to compel the laity to pay their due: for the temporal sword since Augustine's time, who (as many 〈◊〉 report hath preached in Morruecos, and not ●…arre from thence lieth buried) hath beaten down the key of the Prelacy, the beauty of which being taken from them, no doubt is the greatest cause of their barbarism and slavery.  
There fourth ●…east is their Candlemas day, called Lidshemaw, when every one must have a Candle for himself, and for every son in his house. The King that day hath candles carried to him thorough the City, some like Maypoles, other like Castles, six or eight men carrying one of them, they are so great and heavy, made so ●…ne with devices, as some are in making six months. That night the king doth hear all his law read, and the like is done in all other Churches: Likewise, upon their good Friday in Lent, the law is re●… over, and the Talby which can not read it over in one night, is held as insufficient for his place and function. Many of their learned men sit up all that night, because many of the denotest Moors will watch the ●…ight thorough to hear their law, not in remembrance of our Saviour Christ is this meeting, but rather to supp●…e the sparks of Christianity in the minds of their own people, and darken the remembrance of his most bitter death and passion.  

The manner of going to prayer.  
THey go to service ●…xe times in twenty four hours, washing themselves quiteover before prayer, either post concubitum ●…reum, or going to stool or urine, so much respecting the saying, Wash and be clean: as by washing they are persuaded to be cleansed from their sin.  
Their first time of prayer is two hours before day, which is called Salie, when the Sexton or Mouden crieth from the top of the Steeple, Helo caber helo, helelow hula, which is, O thou great God, and none but one God: then every man awaketh, washeth himself, and destreth God to send them the day. After this cry, no man may touch his wife, but prepare himself to serve God, which he may do by his bed side if he will not go to the church, but first to wash, or his devotion is no way acceptable. Those which come to the Church, either at the entrance must leave their shoes behind them, or carry them in their hands. During their prayers, either they stand all a-row, one row before another, or ●…t so: but they are held most denote, who prostrating themselves, how their foreheads to the very ground. After their prayer, it may be some desire to confer about some point of Religion. Then doth the Talby sit down, and his auditors about him in a ring or circle, to whom he declareth what they desire to be resolved upon, & within half an hour dis●…th them: this being all than have in stead of preaching.  
2▪ Some two hours after when it is day, they go to Church again, thanking God he hath sent them the day, after which everyone goeth to his labour: and this time of prayer is cati●… Subelhadl.  
3▪ The third-time of prayer is at Noontide, giving thanks the half day is well passed, which they call Dehour.  
4 Presently after four of the clock is Church-time again, desiring the Sun may well set upon them, and this is called ●…our.  
5▪ Being twilight, they give God thanks after their daily labours, desiring his blessing may prosper them: this they term Mogrube.  
6▪ And two hours after this, is their time of prayer called Lasha ell Hara, when some go to Church, but most say prayers at home, desiring God to send them g●…d night and quiet rest provided alwayes-before saying of prayers they wash themselves, though not stark naked, yet their hands, head, feet, and neither parts between their legs: for which cause they hold it unseemly to eat any meat with their left hand, or touch any thing therewith, but all with their right hand, the other accounted as unclean. As we celebrate the Sabbath upon Sunday, in 
Sabbath.  remembrance of Christ's resurrection, the jews upon Saturday, so the Moors upon Friday, who will do any work upon their Sabbath, only that day they go more duly to the Church, then on other days.  
Their Churches are not so goodly builded as ours 
Churches & their service.  in Christendom, neither have seats to sit in or decked up with any ornaments, but all the floor is matted, and kept very clean, because no man may enter with shoes or any thing to de●…e them. Bells they have none in their Steeples, but the Mouden or Sexton being a big voiced knue, chosen for the purpose, standeth in the top of the Steeple, and calleth them to their Sallies or Prayers.  
Their Churchmen are very poor, and contented with a little, may have as many wives as the lay-man, neither is there any Church of great foundation, or rich in treasure, except the chief Church in Fe●…, which is thought to have in treasure a million of crowns, which may not be spent except the Christians should come to invade. Their church service or Lethargy is nothing at all in respect, nor in any set form not so long as the Lord's prayer and the Belief, therefore every one prayeth according to his own devotion. So I think our men of the new learning, which would overthrow church service, have the Minister live upon alms, and men's good wills forsaking their tenths, pray according to the spirit, preach ut-dabitur in illa ●…ora, hold ringing of Bell's unnecessary, wishing them turned into mortars and great Pée●…es, have the self same chimaeras in their heads, which the Devil forged in Mahomet's.   

Concerning Marriages.  
THe More may have by his law four wives, Concubines as many as he will keep, either captives, or slaves, bought with money: for being his own proper peculium, they are to be at his disposing; but with these he may not lie withal in the night, which the wives claim as their interest, unless by stealth: if the husband have many wives, none-will lose their turn, so nightly the husband by course must lie with one, then with another. If in this case any be defrauded of her night, and the husband pleasure one more than another with his company. The wife injured, complaineth to the Magistrate that she is despised and neglected, whereunto the husband must answer, if the judge rest not satisfied, the husband shall be forced to pay the woman her dower, and send her home to her Father. if he be alive, (marrying again if she will) if not, to the next of her Father's kindred, and this ●…ill of divorce they call a ●…ill of Shyed. Though this liberty of polygamy be granted, yet not one amongst a hundred hath 〈◊〉, the reason is, the wives friends will never suffer any to marry their kinswomen, without first they have a bill of dowry sufficient, for the maintenance of her, therefore the great and rich men have three or four wives, but the poor most but one ●…ew two, because of their disability to maintain: Also this ●…ill of dower keepeth their husbands in great awe, and maketh the women have the better life, which otherwise would live in great slavery. First, because the woman's friends will be sure to see she have a stay of maintenance, for fear of after charge to themselves: Secondly, the justies of the country is so strict, if a man turn away his wife without reason, he shall pay her tower, though he sell the clothes of his back, otherwise every day for change of pleasure, and younger game, men would turn away their wives faster than horscosers tainted ●…ades. Their fashion of wooing or marrying is thus, the man never seeth the woman he shall marry, till she cometh to his bed, but hearing her to be a proper maid, beautiful, and commendable, sendeth his mother, sister, or kinswoman to see her: upon this report the man's liking and affection resteth, if he proceedeth, then must he go to the father of the woman to demand his daughter, they two agreeing, presently two of their Talbies or learned men are sent for to write down her portion, his endowment. So some half year after is the wedding day, which is only a day of feasting, when the friends of the bride bring her home to the bridegroom, riding upon a Mule, enclosed (like a blackbird) within a cage made for the purpose, covered over with ●…ke, and great store of mu●…ke going before her: yet in such sort riding through the streets, as she is seen of no body, no not of her husband until he bed her, for than were she held of small account, and the jest spoiled. If that night the bridegroom find her a virgin, then is there great joy of her friends, if not, the next day he turneth her home and by law may keep her portion.   

Concerning Burial.  
THeir manner of burial is in this sort, when one is dead presently he is washed, and with all speed preparation is made to put him into the ground, for the country being h●…t, it is not possible to keep the corpse above ground, therefore with the kindred accompanied to the grave, (which is without their City, for within their City or synagogues, no person may be buried) he is there again washed, and if he be a man of ability, is put into a C●…ne, if not, buried without one, the Talbie saying a short Prayer. Besides, the people have a custom, the women of every kindred to meet by themselves at certain convenient times, and there make memorial of such of their kindred as be dead, making great lamentations in remembering the virtues and good dispositions of them who are deceased, being persuaded this maketh the living have especial care of leaving a good name and fame behind them.   

The Policy of Barbary.  
Every kingdom consisteth of men, not of buildings, therefore the kingdom of Barbary consisteth of bond and free men the natural bond men are such as are descended either from Christians or Negroes; the free m●…n are Larbies or Brebers, which may be termed the valle●… and mountain men. Over all, as absolute Monarch is the King, who maintaineth his seat by the Sword, and power of justice: the sword men according to their degrees are thus placed.  
1 The Muleys, are the king's children, and all other who are of the blood Royal, are termed by this name.  
2 Bassa's, are Captain generals over armies.  
3 alcaydes, be the Lords, set aswell over Garrison towns▪ as countries, to rule and keep the people in subjection.  
4 Ferres, Gentlemen who carry arms, yet less Commanders than Alkeids.  
5 Bahaia, Lieutenant to an alcayde.  
6 Brakbashi, a Sergeant at arms.  
7 Debushi, a Captain over thirty.  
8 Romie, the common soldier of these men of war, there were kept in daily pay in the old king's time, to the number of 50000. horsemen: part serving with the Lance, others with the Spear called Spahaias', and some, especially the horsemen of Fes, serve with the Crose-bowe on horse back, bending it as they ride, shooting a strong shot and sure: and 16000 footmen, the Alarbies being fitter for horsemen, but the Brebers the stronger footmen, most of them shot.   

The chiefest men of command in the latter times, were these.  

1 ALkeyd Azus, chief Counsellor of estate.  
2 Hamet been Breham Sefiani, Master of the Horse, and ruler over the Alkeids.  
3 Sedi Hamet been Bouker. These two were Treasurers. 4 Sedi Abdela Wahad Anoune.  
5 Alkyd Hamet, a Capatho or eunuch, Governor over the women and Enuches.  
6 alcayde Mustefa File Master of the Or●….  
7 Rishavan, Admiral over the Galleys at Saly.   
NOte though these be ennobled, taking priority or precedency before others, yet is not this nobleness hereditary, for the Children of these men must claim no honour by birthright, but what they get by their service and honour of their sword, live unrespected unless they be valiant, and so proving, the King will take them into his service, whereupon by desert, the Son may obtain his Father's fortune and honour.  
There is another title of dignity termed Sheck, attributed to the chief man of every family or Cast, neither doth the King's eldest son scorn the title, signifying that be is the prime or best blood of his royal kinddred. These Shecks are much respected, because it is the nature of the people, the whole kindred to follow their head: insomuch as one of these Shecks can bring into the field Ten Thousan●…▪ ●…orsemen of their own Cast▪ or Kindred, and some mo●…e. So that it is a matter of great consequence, the King to have an eye over such a man, and know how his effection resteth towards him, either in love or hatred.   

Officers of justice.  
THe King once in a moveth, on Fridays in the afternoon after prayers, either in his house or church sitteth to do justice, hearing complaints or appeals from subaltern ministers, from whom the grieved persons do appeal to his royal person: when the King sitteth the stranger shall haver free access to plead his cause before the King, than his own born Subject.  
All inferior judges and Ministers are their churchmen or Talbies, and those are soon chosen into offices which are of strictest life, being free from avarice, and such other sins as may pervert and hinder the course of equity and justice.  
The chiefest man for judgement under the King is the Mufti, to whom the party grieved may appeal●… from any other ordinary judge. There be three of these men, one in Moruecos, another in Fes, the third at Taradant in Sus.  
The Mufti of Moruecos, fitteth with the King in judgement, and every Frydaye in the afternoons by himself, to hear and determine causes of the Subject and stranger, though he be in eminent place, he is a poor man, in respect what he might be, if he would sell justice and take bribes.  
The ordinary judge sitteth all the year long two●… hours before noon, and two hours after noon: in every great town throughout the three kingdoms is placed one of these judges, to whom not only the inhabitants of everytowne and City do repair, but the country people or Larb●…es upon differénces come thither to have their causes decided: every one must tell his own tale, and plead his own matter. When both parties have spoken, then giveth the judge sentence; so that in one day the cause is brought into court, and the same day ended. If either part have witness to produce, than the judge giveth three days respite to bring them in, which being brought, the adverse party shall have other three days respite to disprove them. And it he can prove the witnesses either infamous in manners, or given to detestable sin, as drunkenness, adultery, or such like: And can prove the witness saith not his prayers six times 〈◊〉 in four and twenty hours, then shall he be utterly disabled to bear witness, and thus in seven bay the longest suit shall be ended. If an Obligation or rather Bill of debt be brought into Court, the Obligée must either pay the debt, go to prison, or to pawn the value of the debt, or better: which pawn may be kept in Deposito nine days upon great reason, to see if the debtor can red●…me it at the nine days end, if he doth it not, then is it sold, and the party who should pay the money, must sustain the loss.  
As Coadjutors to these judges, and next in place to them be the Scrivanos', who upon death or other remove, are commonly made judges. These are Talbies which make writings between party and party, short and plain, without multiplication of words, and they are of opinion, Abundans cautela nocet: in their obligato●…ie bills they put neither forfeit nor condition, having for the making thereof two pence English, and no more. They use no long draughts in matters of purchase, or these tripartite Indentures, with such large and long implicit and explicit covenants, but thus the people deal in matters of contracts and bargains. I buy of you a vineyard, house, merchandise, at such a prize, to be paid at such a time, calling two honest men, whereof one shall be a Talbie if I can get him, to witness this our bargain. We four go to the Scrivener, who likewise is a Talbie, and have this set down in writing, and if our bargain be for twenty Thousand pounds, it is set down in ten lines, and the justice of the country will allow me my bargain with as great reason, as if I had a great engrossed book of conveyance, as big as the map of the whole world in the newest edition.  
Next in this nature to these, be the Steryes, which have small fée●… to see the execution of law and sentence of the judge fulfilled; these likewise fetch men to answer their adversary, which would delay, and not come before the judge, either upon perverseness, or ●…adnes of their 〈◊〉, or any other cause whatsoever. Wherefore to be always ready, these are continually attendant in the house of the judge, and weighting upon him whethersoever he goeth.  
Muttiseb, is an officer to see true weights, and measures; if any be faulty, all the wares in such a man's shop he giveth to the poor, the party proclaimed an unjust man, and sore whipped.  
The 〈◊〉 is the 〈◊〉 M●…rshall in every City, who judgeth ●…ppon life and death, assoon as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 delinquent is taken, and his offence proved, presently his throat is cut: murder there is death, so is manifest theft, adultery likewise proved by very good witness: And some times it is death for any man to wear a sword who is not an officer, yea though he be a soldier. Other offences according to the necessity of the time and pleasure of the King, by proclamation are made death, which the Hackam must see executed upon loss of his own head.  
Muckadens, be Substitutes to the Hackam, seeing his judgement fulfilled, and in his absence hath his authority.  
Fokers or Saints dwell in the best places of the country, keep great hospitality for all travelers, whither any man may come for a night, and begun in the morning: much good these do in the country by their example of moral living, and bestowing their own goods in their life time to help the needy and distressed, comprimising differences betwixt parties, and repressing all disorders, winning great love and respect, for their houses are held sanctuaries, whose privileges the king will not violate, but upon great and weighty reason.   

The manner of fight.  
THe King, Nobility, and soldiers desire to serve ●…n Horseback, which most commonly they do, for in any army there be three horse for one foot: the King will feildome venture to fight out a battle, but as you may perceive by the precedent, it was & is the usage amongst the three brethren, when they meet in a field, whoseever getteth at the first onset the advantage, maketh the other presently leave the field, and fly unto some place of strength: they fight with no armour except a buff jerkin, for the better sort, and a leather hide tanned for the meaner, and some coats of male, their arms is a horseman's Staff, Target, and Sword, or a horseman's Piece and Sword.  
The Alarbies serve all upon horse, will fight sorer battles to maintain their deadly feud, than in service of their King: Insomuch that upon loss of any great Lord or chief man of their blood, cruel battles have ensued, wherein Ten Thousand men have been slain at one time, and it is their fashion, the fairest virgin to ride upon a Camel, with a flag in her hand, decked in all pomp to solicit her kindred to revenge, & goeth foremost in the field, encouraging them to follow; upon which incitement much blood is spilled, her kindred as loath to lose their virgin, and not revenge their injuries: the other side striving to win h●…r and the field, holding that a continuing glory to the seventh generation.  
When a man is killed, his tribe seeketh not revenge only upon the man which killed the party, but the first man of that tribe he meeteth withal, him will he ●…ill if he can, and so thinketh he hath satisfied his kinsman's death.  
The Brebers or Montaniers likewise maintain this feud, who are most shot and Sword men, upon the day of battle their women follow hard behind them, with a colour in their hands called Hanna: And if they see any of their side offer to run away, or retire, presently they will throw some of this Hanna upon their clothes, which will stain, and the party ever after is held for a coward and a dishonoured Iew. For fear of this infamy few forsake the field, but either conquer their enemies, or die like men, who are presently stripped and buried by these women which follow them.  
The single combat is performed with the short sword, lapping about the left a●…e his uppermost garment, which is worn lose. Seldom the field is appointed, but either the men fight upon their falling out, or at their next meeting by chance. If a man be set upon by more persons than one, he fighteth winking, laying about him with all his might, not charging his adversary, punctum, or after the Rapier fight, but cesim edgewise either in battle, or single quarrel.   

The trading of the Moors into Guinee and Gago for gold over, or sandy gold.  
MVley Hamet being at peace with his neighbours, at quiet with his subjects, determined to war upon the Negroes, knowing the conquest easy, because the people are undisciplined in war, and the profit would be exceeding great by bringing their gold into his Country, exchanging for it s●…lt, and other base commodities. And howsoever certain Miners had found rich mines of gold in the hills of Atlas, yet he held it better policy to fetch his gold farther of, then to dig that which was found in the centre of his own Kingdom, fearing if the Mines prou●… rich, the ●…olden Ore would draw thither Christian Arm●…, therefore he cut the throats of all such as were the Authors, and gave the masters of the works death for their hire. But to perfect his other design, he chose Iuda●… Bash●…, sent him with great store of Soldiers, who entered far into the Neg●… country, depriving them of a great city called Gago, which standeth upon the river of Synega, three hundred leagues within the firm land, builded there an Alpandeca for Barbarian Merchants, and a custom house for the ●…ing. The Merchants make it six months journey from Morrueros thither, of which, two months they pass thorough the sandy Deserts, where no people dwell, neither any road way, but directed by Pilots, as ship at Sea observe the courses of Sun, Moon and Stars, for fear of missing their way: If they lose themselves, they meet with famine, & die for lack of water, whose dead carcases consume not, but maketh Munna, or Otema flesh, every way as physical or medicinable, as that which cometh from Alexandria. They never trauc●… under two or three h●…red in a company: it may be not meeting with water in twelve or fifteen dayee space, but carry water by Camels, both for them and their beasts to drink, which failing, to save their own lives, they kill their Camels, and drink the blood. If th●… wind blow at north-east, they cannot unlade their Cai●… 〈◊〉 the sand●… should cover them. The Mar●…dise ●…rried from Morruecos to the Negroes, is mu●… cloth, amber Beads, Coral, but the chiefest commoditi●… is ●…alt, which is bought at Tegazza, and other places for four shilling●… a Ca●…els lading, which is six hundred weight, 〈◊〉 payeth at Gago five pound●… for custom to the King of Barbary, afterward sold ●…arre within the Country to a kind of deformed Negroes, who will never be seen in the commerce of trading with the Barbarian, or any stranger: Wherefore they l●…y their ●…lt in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 leaveth it, then cometh the deformed 〈◊〉, and ●…ieth against every man's prizell of salt, as much of his gold as he thinketh the salt is worth, and goeth his way, leaving his gold with the salt: Then returneth the Moor,, if he like the gold, taketh it away▪ if not, ●…etracteth so much from his h●…ape, as he will sell the to Negro for his gold. The Negro returning, if he like the quantity putteth to more gold, or else will not barter, but dep●…eth. Yet they seldom mislike, for the Moor maketh a ●…h return, and his King a full treasure. Wherefor●… the ●…formed Negro is praised for the ●…uest dealin●… man in the world: the gold which they have is not coy●…ed, but like small gravel or sand gathered after glut●… of rain, in the dry banks of Mountains and rivers.   

Of the Grasshoppers which come into Barbary from Guinee:  
THe Grasshoppers come seven years together, and other seven years they come not. Their coming is about the end of February, (from the parts of Benie, or Genie, as the Country people imagine) in such abundance, that where they light for five or six Miles compass, all grass and corn new sowed is eaten up. And if they light upon a tree, they eat up all the leaves, buds and bark of the smaller twig●…, which is tender or green; Thus remain they in Barbary until the end of March, when they spawn their young, then fly away (as is thought) further into Turkey. Before spawning they are good meat, the poor●… of the Country being relieved with them, yea, the people will come a days journey, to fetch two or three Horse, Bull, or Mules laden of them. All the night they lie on the ground, until nine or ten a clock in the morning, because before their wing●… be dry, which are m●…ystened with the evenings dew they cannot fly, so that one 〈◊〉 will gather of them fou●… 〈◊〉 five bushels 〈◊〉 a morning. When they rise they 〈◊〉 until four of the clock in the after noon, so thick, that like to a cloud they hinder the light of the Sun from you, carried they are with the wind out of the country, none but God knoweth ce●…nly whither, leaving behind them their young which they have spawned, five times more in number than the●… ar●… 〈◊〉 at their first 〈◊〉 and do more hurt than they han●… done for though the old have eaten the corn at: their first coming, when it was g●…ne, 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 not utterly destroyed, for much of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 t●… and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but the young a●…ter twenty days that they are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉, and corn then growing ripe, are more perilous to destroy it, and so famish the country. Wherefore Thousands of people all the day long do nothing but kill these young ones, putting them into sacks, but cannot destroy them all being innumerable. The juice of these young Grasshoppers is poison, therefore the country people take great ●…are lest the juice touch man or beast, for if it should, all the skin would presently go off. These young ones fly away forth of the country in the end of june, no creature knoweth whither: Sometimes if a strong gale of a South▪ East wind take them, they ar●… carried over the straits into Spain, making dea●…th by destroying their ●…rne. The 7 years they come into Barbary, ●…orne is 〈◊〉, the other seven years most commonly corn is plentiful: In my Author's remembranc●… Wheat hath been sold for four pence a bushel, and barley for two pence. Insomuch the country man would not bestow the labour of reaping his corn to have it, but let his cattle eat it standing upon the ground, such ple●…ty God doth send, and the fertilenes of the soil doth yield them, being black in colour as any garden earth, much manured: and though the ground is not so often ploughed as here in England, but once turned over or ploughed when they 〈◊〉 it, yet it giveth as great increase either in Corn, herbs, or r●…tes for man's sustenance, as the 〈◊〉 of any country in Europe whatsoever.   

Recreations of Pleasure.  
HAwking with the long winged Hawk▪ of which they have greater store and better than we have in these parts of the world: their game is the ●…awde, a land ●…owle like unto a Drak●…, and so riseth the Curwan, Tigernut●…, which we have not in England, the Bustard, 〈◊〉 h●…, Pl●…sant, Partridge, Duck, and Mallar●….  
Hunting of the Stag, Antelope, Koe-Bucke, Hare, Fox, Debe, half a Dog half a For, wild Boar, Tiger, wild Cat, Leopard.  
In the sandy countries, where the best horses are bred, which ordinarily will drink milk, and can fast from water 4 days, there they hunt the Ostriches, marking when they come to water, which they do at set times in flocks or companies, than the horsemen disperse themselves, and first one troup of horse let upon that heard of Ostriches▪ which the birds perceiving, betake them to the wing, not flying aloft from the ground, but making a running flight so fast as it trieth their horses in their full speed, and most commonly tireth three companies of horses, one after another, ere they be taken. The birds have at the end of their wings a horn growing, which, in running and moving of their wings, in manner of a spur pr●…cketh them, as it were to make speed, and therewith are sore ●…led, as may be perceived at their taking. These birds, some hunt for pleasure, others for profit of their feathers, their carcases not any wise good to be eaten.   

Of the Lyon.  
THe fairest for shape or noblest for courage is bred in the Monntaine and woody country of Barbary, toward the Atlantike sea. The Lioness hath seldom above two whelps at a time, which are in great peril of death when they put forth their great teeth, whereof many die upon very pain of toothache. The young ones may be brought up very tame as a mastiff, and will continue so, if you keep him from blood, but if he have once tasted thereof, he wa●…eth angry and cruel. The country people where the Lions most breed, when they meet with one, looketh sternly and angrily in the lions face miscalling and rating him, in so doing the Lion will run away like a dog. But upon the sight of the Lion, let a man as afraid run away, he will make after and worry the party if he once catch him. The country man killeth the Lion with his Piece, by making a pit near to the place where he thinketh the Lion will resort to his prey, the man standing in the same, having nothing open but a little hole to put forth the end of his piece, & to take his mark to shoot at him. Others, who go upon pleasure to hunt him with their horse-péeces, being well mounted, give promise, one not to forsake another in extremities, for our own country man hath sh●…t a Lion & killed him, when 4 men have been slain out right, made a buff jerkin of his out side, not desiring Hercules' fame for wearing the Néemeian mantle, but to let the world know an english traveler taketh as great content and pleasure to wear the trophy of his own manhood, as a milksop gallant the favour of his amorous Mistress.   
FINIS.