Of English Dogs, the diversities, the names, the natures, and the properties.  
A Short Treatise written in latin by johannes Caius of late memory, Doctor of Physic in the University of Cambridge; And newly drawn into English by Abraham Fleming Student.  Natura etiam in brutis vem ostendit suam. 
Seen and allowed.  
¶ Imprinted at London by Richard johnes, and are to be sold over against S. Sepulchres Church without Newgate. 1576.   

¶ A prosopopoieal speech of the Book.  
SOme tell of stars th'influence strange,  
Some tell of birds which fly in th'air,  
Some tell of beasts on land which range,  
Some tell of fish in rivers fair,  
Some tell of serpent's sundry sorts,  
Some tell of plants the full effect,  
Of English dogs I sound reports,  
Their names and natures I detect,  
My forehead is but baulde and bore:  
But yet my bod'ies beautiful,  
For pleasant flowers in me there are,  
And not so fine as plentiful:  
And though my garden plot so green,  
Of dogs receive the trampling feet,  
Yet is it swept and kept full clean,  
So that it yields a savour sweet.  Ab. Fle.  

DOCTISSIMO VIRO, ET Patrono suo singulari D. Perne, Eliensis ecclesiae Cathedralis dignissimo Decano, Abrahamus Flemingus, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
SCripsit non multis abhinc annis (optime Patrone) et non impolitè scripsit, vir omnibus optimarum literarum remis instructissimus, de doctorum grege non malè meritus, tuae dignitati familiaritatis nexu coniunctissim●s, clarissimum Cantabrigiensis academiae lumen, gemma, et gloria, johannes Caius, ad Conradum Gesnerum summum suum, hominem peritissimum, indagatorem rerum reconditarum sagacissimum, pulcherrimaque historiarum naturalium panoplia exornatum, epitomen de canibus Britannicis non tam brevem quàm elegantem, et utilem, epitomen inquam varijs variorum experimentorum argumentis concinnatam: in cuius titulum cum fortè incidissem, et novitate rei nonnihil delectarer, interpretationem Anglicam aggressus sum. Postquam vero finem penso imposuissem, repentina quaedam de opusculi dedicatione cogitatio oboriebatur, tandemque post multas multarum rerum iactationes, beneficiorum tuorum (Ornatissime vir) unica recordatio, instar rutilantis stellae, quae radiorum splendore quaslibet caliginosas teterrimae oblivionis nebulas dissipat, et memoriae serenitatem, plusquam solarem, inducit, mihi illuxit: nec non officij ratio quae funestissimis insensae fortunae fulminibus conquassata, lacerata & convulsa, penè perierat, fractas vires multumque debilitatas colligebat, pristinum robur recuperavit, tandemque aliquando ex Lethea illa palude neruose emergebat, atque eluctata est. Quam voraginem simulatque evaserat, sic effloruit, adeoque increvit, ut unamquamque animi mei cellulam in sui ditionem atque imperij amplitudinem raperet. Nune vero in contemplatione meritorum tuorum versari non desino, quorum magnitudinem nescio an tam tenui et levidensi orationis filo possim circumscribere: Hoc, Aedepol, me non mediocriter movet, non leviter torquet, non languide pungit. Est praeterea alia causa quae mihi scrupulum inijcir, et quodammodo exulcerat, ingrati nempe animi suspicio a qua, tanquam ab aliqua Lernaea Hydra, pedibus (ut aiunt) Achilleis semper fugi, et tamen valde pertimesco ne officij mora et procrastinatio (ut ita dicam) obscaenam securitatis labem nomini meo inurat, eoque magis expavesco quod pervulgatum illud atque decantatum poetae carmen memoriae occurrebat.  
Dedecus est semper sumere nilque dare.  
Sed (Ornatissime vir) quemadmodum metus illius mali me magnopore affligebat atque fodicabat, ita spes alterius boni, nempe humanitatis tuae, qua caeteris multis interuallis praeluxeris, erigit suffulcitque: Ea etiam spes alma et opima jubet et hortatur aliquod quale quale sit, officij specimen cum allacritate animi prodere. Hisce itaque persuasionibus victus me morigerum praebui, absolutamque de canibus Britannicis interpretationem Anglicam, tibi potissimum utpote patrono singulari et unico Maecenati dedicandam pro●osui: non quod tam ieiuno et exili munere immensum meritorum tuorum mare metiri machiner, non quod religiosas aures sacratasque, prophanae paginae explicatione obtundere cupiam, nec quod nugatorijs frivolisque narrationibus te delectari arbitrer cum in divinioribus excercitationibus totus sis: sed potius (cedat sides dicto) quod insignis ille egregiusque liberalium artium, et praecipuè medicae facultatis princeps (qui hoc opusculum contexuit) ita viguit dum vixerat adeoque inclaruit, ut haud scio (ut ingenuè fatear quod sentio) an post funera parem sibi superstitem reliquerit. Deinde quod hunc libellum summo studio et industria elaboratum in transmarinas regiones miserat, ad hominem omni literarum genere, et praesertim occultarum rerum cognitione, quae intimis naturae visceribus et medullis insederat (O ingenium niveo lapillo dignum) cuius difficultates Laberyntheis anfractibus flexuo sisque recessibus impeditas perserutari & iwestigare (deus bone, quam ingens labor, quam infinitum opus,) excultum, Conradum Gesnerum scriberet, quae tantam gratiam conciliavit ut non solum amicissimo ofculo exciperet, sed etiam studiose lectitaret, accuratè uteretur, inexhaustis denique viribus, tanquam perspicacissimus draco vellus aureum, et oculis plusquam aquilinis custodiret, Postremo que madmodum hanc epitomen a viro vere docto ad virum summa nominis celebritate decoratum scrip●am fuisse accepimus, ita eandem ipsam (pro titulo Britannico) Britamnico sermone, licet ineleganti, usitata & populari, ab esuriente Rhetore donatam, tuis (eruditissime vir) manibus commendo ut tuo sub patrocino in has at que illas regionis nostrae partes intrepide proficiscatur: obtestorque ut hunc libellum, humilem et obscuram inscriptionem gerentem, argumentum novum et antehaec non auditum complectientem, ab omni tamen Sybaritica obscaenitate remotissimum, aequi bonique consulas.  
Tuae dignitati deditissimus Abrahamus Flemingus.   

To the well disposed Reader.  
AS every manifest effect proceedeth from some certain cause, so the penning of this present abridgement (gentle and courteous reader) issued from a special occasion. For Conradus Gesnerus, a man whiles he lived, of incomparable knowledge, and manifold experience, being never satisfied with the sweet sap of understanding, requested johannes Caius a profound clerk and a ravennous devourer of learning (to his praise be it spoken though the language be somewhat homely) to writ a breviary or short treatise of such dogs as were engendered within the borders of England: To the contentation of whose mind and the utter accomplisment of whose desire, Caius spared no study, (for the acquaintance which was between them, as it was confirmed by continuance, and established upon unfainednes, so was it sealed with virtue and honesty) withdrew himself from no labour, repined at no pains, forsook no travail, refused no endeavour, finally pretermitted no opportunity or circumstance which seemed pertinent and requisite to the performance of this little libel. In the whole discourse whereof, the book, to consider the substance, being but a pamphlet or skantling, the argument not so fine and affected, and yet the doctrine very profitable and necessary, he useth such a smooth and comely style, and tieth his invention to such methodical and orderly proceedings, as the elegantnes and neatness of his Latin phrase, (being pure, perfect, and unmingled) maketh the matter which of itself is very base and clubbish, to appear (shall I say tolerable) nay rather commendable and effectual. The sundry sorts of English dogs he discovereth so evidently, their natures he rippeth up so apparently, their manners he openeth so manifestly, their qualities he declareth so skilfully, their proportions he painteth out so perfectly, their colours he describeth so artificially, and knitteth all these in such shortness and brevity, that the mouth of th'adversary must needs confess & give sentence that commendation aught to be his reward, and praise his deserved pension. An ignorant man would never have been drawn into this opinion, to think that there had been in England such variety & choice of dogs, in all respects (not only for name but also for quality) so diverse and unlike: But what cannot learning attain? what cannot the key of knowledge open? what cannot the lamp of understanding lighten? what secrets cannot discretion detect? finally what cannot experience comprehend? what budge heaps of histories hath Gesnerus hourded up in volumes of a large size? Fishes in floods, cattle on land, Birds in the air, how hath he sifted them by their natural differences? how closely and in how narrow a compass hath he couched mighty and monstrous beasts, in bigness like mountains, the books themselves being lesser than Molehilles. The life of this man was not so great a restority of comfort, as his death was an ulcer or wound of sorrow: the loss of whom Caius lamented, not so much as he was his faithful friend, as for that he was a famous Philosopher, and yet the former reason (being, in very deed, vehement & forcible) did sting him with more grief, than he peradventure was willing to disclose. And though death be counted terrible for the time, and consequently unhappy, yet Caius avoucheth the death of Gesner most blessed, lucky, and fortunate, as in his Book entitled, De libris proprijs, appeareth. But of these two Eagles sufficient is spoken as I suppose, and yet little enough in consideration of their dignity and worthiness. Nevertheless little or much, something or nothing, substance or shadow take all in good part, my meaning is by a few words to win credit to this work, not so much for mine own English Translation as for the singular commendation of them, challenged of duty and desert. Wherefore gentle Reader I commit them to thy memory, and their books to thy courteous censure. They were both learned men, and painful practitioners in their professions, so much the more therefore are their works worthy estimation, I would it were in me to advance them as I wish, the worst (and yet both, no doubt, excellent) hath deserved a monument of immortality. Well there is no more to be added but this, that as the translation of this book was attempted, finished, and published of goodwill (not only to minister pleasure, as to afford profit) so it is my desire and request that my labour therein employed may be acceptable, as I hope it shallbe to men of indifferent judgement. As for such as shall snarr and snatch at the English abridgement, and tear the Translator, being absent, with the teeth of spiteful envy, I conclude in brevity there eloquence is but currish, if I serve in their meat with wrong sauce, ascribe it not to unskilfulness in coquery, but to ignorance in their diet, for as the Poet sayeth. 
Non satis est ars sola coquo, servire palato:  
Nanque coquus domini debet habere gulam:  
It is not enough that a cook understand,  
Except his lords stomach he hold in his hand.   
To wind up all in a watcheworde I say no more. But do well, and Farewell.  
His and his Friends, Abraham Fleming.   

The first Section of this discourse.  

¶ The Preamble or entrance, into this treatise.  
I Written unto you (well beloved friend Gesner) not many years past, a manifold history, containing the divers forms and figures of Beasts, Birds, and fishes, the sundry shapes of of plants, and the fashions of Herbs, etc.  
I wrote moreover, unto you severally, a certain abridgement of Dogs, which in your discourse upon the forms of Beasts in the second order of mild and tameable Beasts, where you make mention of Scottish Dogs, and in the winding up of your Letter written and directed to Doctor Turner, comprehending a Catalogue or rehearsal of your books not yet extant, you promised to set forth in print, an● openly to publish in the face of the world among such your works as are not yet come abroad to light and sight. But, because certain circumstances were wanting in my breviary of English Dogs (as seemed unto me) I stayed the publication of the same, making promise to send another abroad, which might be committed to the hands, the eyes, the ears, the minds, and the judgements of the Readers. Wherefore that I might perform that precisely, which I promised solemnly, accomplish my determination, and satisfy your expectation: which art a man desirous and capable of all kind of knowledge, and very earnest to be acquainted with all experiments: I will express and declare in due order, the grand and general kind of English Dogs, the difference of them, the use, the properties, and the diverse natures of the same, making a tripartite division in this sort and manner.  

All English Dogs be either of,  
A gentle kind, serving the game.  
A homely kind, apt for sundry necessary uses.  
A currish kind, meet for many toys.   
Of these three sorts or kinds so mean I to entreat, that the first in the first place, the last in the last room, and the middle sort in the middle seat be handled. I call them universally all by the name of English dogs, as well because England only, as it hath in it English dogs, so it is not without Scottish, as also for that we are more inclined and delighted with the noble game of hunting, for we Englishmen are addicted and given to that exercise, & painful pastime of pleasure, as well for the plenty of flesh which our Parks and Forests do foster, as also for the opportunity and convenient leisure which we obtain, both which, the Scots want. Wherefore seeing that the whole estate of kindly hunting consisteth principally, 

In these two points,  
In chase the beast that is in hunting  
In taking the bird that is in fowleing    
It is necessary and requisite to understand, that there are two sorts of Dogs by whose means, the feats within specified are wrought, and these practises of activity cunningly and curiously compassed, 

Two kinds of Dogs  
One which rouseth the beast and continueth the chase.  
Another which springeth the bird and bewrayeth the flight by pursuit,    
Both which kinds are termed of the Latins by one common name that is, Canes Venatici, hunting dogs. But because we English men make a difference between hunting and fowleling, for that they are called by these several words, Venatio, & Aucupium, so they term the Dogs whom they use in these sundry games by divers names, as those which serve for the beast, are called Venatici, the other which are used for the fowl are called Aucupatorij, 

The first kind called Venatici I divide into five sorts,  
The first in perfect smelling excelleth.  
The second in quick spying excelleth.  
The third in swiftness and quickness. excelleth.  
The fourth in smelling & nimbleness. excelleth.  
The fift in subtlety and deceitfulness, excelleth.     

Of the Dog called a Harier, in Latin Leverarius.  
THat kind of Dog whom nature hath endued with the virtue of smelling, whose property it is to use a lustiness, a readiness, and a courageousness in hunting, and draweth into his nostrils the air or sent of the beast pursued and followed, we call by this word Sagax, the Grecians by this word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of tracing or chase by the foot, or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, of the nostrils, which be the instruments of smelling. We may know these kind of Dogs by their long, large, and bagging lips, by their hanging ears, reaching down both sides of their chaps, and by the indifferent and measurable proportion of their making. This sort of Dogs we call Leverarios Hariers, that I may comprise the whole number of them in certain specialties, and apply to them their proper and peculiar names, for so much as they cannot all be reduced and brought under one sort, considering both the sundry uses of them, and the difference of their service whereto they be appointed.  

Some for  
The Hare Some for one thing and some for another.  
The Fox Some for one thing and some for another.  
The Wolf Some for one thing and some for another.  
The Heart Some for one thing and some for another.  
The Buck Some for one thing and some for another.  
The Badger Some for one thing and some for another.  
The Otter Some for one thing and some for another.  
The Polecat Some for one thing and some for another.  
The Lobster Some for one thing and some for another.  
The Weasel Some for one thing and some for another.  
The Coney. etc. Some for one thing and some for another.   
As for the Coney, whom we have lastly set down, we use not to hunt, but rather to take it, sometime with the net sometime with a ferret, and thus every several sort is notable and excellent in his natural quality and appointed practice. Among these sundry sorts, there be some which are apt to hunt two divers beasts, as the Fox otherwhiles, and other whiles the Hare, but they hunt not with such towardness and good luck after them, as they do that whereunto nature hath formed and framed them, not only in external composition & making, but also in inward faculties and conditions, for they serve oftentimes, and do otherwise then they should.   

Of the Dog called a Terrar, in Latin Terrarius.  
ANother sort there is which hunteth the Fox and the Badger or Greye only, whom we call Terrars, because they (after the manner and custom of ferrets in searching for Connyes) creep into the ground, and by that means make afraid, nip, and bite the Fox and the Badger in such sort, that either they tear them in pieces with their teeth being in the bosom of the earth, or else hail and pull them perforce out of their lurking angles, dark dungeons, and close caves, or at the lest through conceived fear, drive them out of their hollow harbours, in so much that they are compelled to prepare speedy slight, and being desirous of the next (albeit not the safest) refuge, are otherwise taken and entrapped with snares and nets laid over holes to the same purpose. But these be the lest in that kind called Sagax.   

Of the Dog called a Bloudhounde in Latin Sanguinarius.  
THe greater sort which serve to hunt, having lips of a large size, & ears of no small length, do, not only chase the beast whiles it liveth, (as the other do of whom mention above is made) but being dead also by any manner of casualty, make recourse to the place where it lieth, having in this point an a●ured and infallible guide, namely, the sent and savour of the blood sprinkled here and there upon the ground. For whether the beast being wounded, doth notwithstanding enjoy life, and escapeth the hands of the huntsman, or whether the said beast being slain is conveyed ●●enly out of the park (so that there be some signification of blood shed) these Dogs with no less facility and easiness, than aviditie and greediness can disclose and bewray the same by smelling, applying to their pursuit, agility and nimbleness, without tediousness, for which consideration, of a singular specialty they deserved to be called Sangumarij, blood ●ound●, And albeit peradventure it may chance, (As whether it chanceth shaldome or sometime I am ignorant) that a piece of flesh ●e sweatily stolen and cunningly conveyed away with such provisos and proc●●eats, as thereby all app●raunce of blood is either prevented, excluded, or concealed, yet these kind of dogs by a certain direction of an inward assured notice and privy marske, pursue the deed doers, through long lanes, crooked reaches, and weary ways, without wandering awry out of the limits of the land whereon these desperate purloiners prepared their speedy passage. Yea, the natures of these Dogs is such, and so effectual is their foresight, that they can bewray, separate, and pick them out from among an infinite multitude and an innumerable company, creep they never so far into the thickest throng, they will find him out notwithstanding he lie hidden in wild woods, in close and overgrown groves, and lurk in hollow holes apt to harbour such ungracious guests. Moreover, although they should pass over the water, thinking thereby to avoid the pursuit of the hounds, yet will not these Dogs give over their attempt, but presuming to swim through the stream, persever in their pursuit, and when they be arrived and gotten the further bank, they hunt up and down, to and fro run they, from place to place shifted they, until they have attained to that plot of ground where they passed over. And this is their practice, if perdie they cannot at the first time smelling, find out the way which the deed doers took to escape. So at length get they that by art, cunning, and diligent endeavour, which by fortune and luck they cannot otherwise overcome. In so much as it seemeth worthily and wisely written by Aelianus in his sixth Book, and xxvix. Chapter. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be as it were naturally distilled and powered into these kind of Dogs. For they will not pause or breath from their pursuit until such time as they be apprehended and taken which committed the fact. The owners of such hounds use to keep them in close and dark channels in the day time, and let them loose at liberty in the night season, to th'intent that they might with more courage and boldness practise to follow the felon in the evening and solitary hours of darkness, when such ill disposed varlets are principally purposed to play their impudent pageants, & imprudent pranks. These hounds (upon whom this present portion of our treatise runneth) when they are to follow such fellows as we have before rehearsed, use not that liberty to range at will, which they have otherwise when they are in game, (except upon necessary occasion whereon dependeth an urgent and effectual persuasion) when such purloy●●●s make speedy way in slight● but being restrained and dr●wne back from running at random with the lease, the end whereof the owner holding in his hand is led, guided, and directed with such swiftness and slowness (whether he go on foot, or whether be ride on horseback) as he himself in heart would wish for the more easy apprehension of these venturous varlets. In the borders of England & Scotland, (the often and accustomed stealing of cattle so procuring) these kind of Dogs are very much used and they are taught and trained up first of all to hunt cattle as well of the smaller as of the greater growth and afterwards (that quality relinquished and left) they are learned to pursue such pestilent persons as plant their pleasure in such practices of purloining as we have already declared. Of this kind there is none that taketh the water naturally, except it please you so to suppose of them which follow the Otter, which sometimes haunt the land, and sometime useth the water. And yet nevertheless all the kind of them boiling and broiling with greedy desire of the pray which by swimming passeth through river and flood, plung amyds the water, and pass the stream with their pawes● But this property proceedeth from an earnest desire wherewith they be inflamed, rather than from any inclination issuing from the ordinance and appointment of nature. And albeit some of this sort in English be called Brache, in Scottish Rache, the cause hereof resteth in the she sex and not in the general kind. For we English men call bitches, belonging to the hunting kind of Dogs, by the term above mentioned. To be short it is proper to the nature of ho●nors, some to keep silence in hunting until such time as there is 〈◊〉 offered. Othersome so 〈◊〉 as they smell out the place where the beast worketh, so bewray it immediately by their importunate barking, notwithstanding it be far at many furlungs cowching close in his cabbyn. And these Dogs the younger they be, the more wanton bark they, and the more liberally, yet, oft-times without necessity, so that in them, by reason of their young years and want of practice, small certainty is to be reposed. For sustenance of time, and experience in game, ministereth to these hounds not only cunning in running, but also (as in the rest) an assured foresight what is to be done, principally, being acquainted with their masters watch words, either in revoking ● imboldening them to serve the game.   

Of the Dog called the Gasehounde, in Latin Agasaeus.  
THis kind of Dog which pursueth by the eye, prevaileth little, or never a whit, by any benefit of the nose that is by smelling, but excelleth in perspicuity and sharpness of sight altogether, by the virtue whereof, being singular and notable, it hunteth the Fox and in the Hare. This Dog will ●h●e●e and separate any beast from among a great flock or hea●de, and such a one will it take by election as is not lank, lean and hollow, but well spread, smooth, full, fat, and round, it follows by the direction of the eyesight, which in deed is clear, constant, and not uncertain, if a beast be wounded and gone all ●ay this Dog seeks after it by the steadfastness of the eye, if it chance peradventure to return & be mingled with the residue of the flock, this Dog spyeth it out by the virtue of his eye, leaving the rest of the cattle untouched, and after he hath set sure sight upon it he separateth it from among the company and having so done never ceaseth until he have wearied the Beast to death. Our country men call this dog Agasaeum, A gasehounde because the beams of his sight are so steadfastly settled and unmovably fastened. These Dogs are much and usually occupied in the Northern parts of England more than in the Southern parts, & in ●caldy lands rather than in bushy and woody places, horsemen use them more than footmen to th'intent that they might provoke their horses to a swift gallop (wherewith they are more delighted then with the pray itself) and that they might accustom their horse to leap over hedges & ditches, without stop or stumble, without harm or hazard, without doubt or danger, and so escape with safeguard of life. And to the end that the riders themselves when necessity so constrained, and the fear of further mischief enforced, might save themselves undamnifyed, and prevent each perilous tempest by preparing speedy flight, or else by swift pursuit made upon their enemies, might both overtake them, encounter with them, and make a slaughter of them accordingly. But if it fortune so at any time that this Dog take a wrong way, the master making some usual sign and familiar token, he returneth forthwith, and taketh the right and ready trace, beginning his chase a fresh, & with a clear voice, and a swift foot followeth the game with as much courage and nimbleness as he he did at the first.   

Of the Dog called the greyhound, in Latin Leporarius.  
THere is another kind of Dog which for his incredible swiftness is called Leporarius a greyhound, because the principal service of them dependeth and consisteth in starting and hunting the hare, which Dogs likewise are endued with no less strength than lightness in maintenance of the game, in serving the chase, in taking the Buck, the Heart, the Dough, the Fox, and other beasts of semblable kind ordained for the game of hunting. But more or less, each one according to the measure and proportion of their desire, and as might and ability of their bodies will permit and suffer. For it is a spare and bore kind of Dog, (of flesh but not of bone) some are of a greater sort, and some of a lesser, some are smooth skinned, & some are curled, the bigger therefore are appointed to hunt the bigger beasts, & the smaller serve to hunt the smaller accordingly. The nature of these dogs I find to be wondered by the testimonial of histories. For, as john Froisart the Historyographer in his 4. lib. reporteth. A Grehound of King Richard, the second that wore the Crown, and bore the Sceptre of the Realm of England, never knowing any man, beside the king's person, when Henry Duke of Lancaster came to the castle of Flint to take King Richard. The Dog forsaking his former Lord & master came to Duke Henry, fawned upon him with such resemblances of goodwill and conceived affection, as he favoured King Richard before: he followed the Duke, and utterly left the King. So that by these manifest circumstances a man might judge this Dog to have been lightened with the lamp of foreknowledge & understanding, touching his old master's miseries to come, and unhappiness nigh at hand, which King Richard himself evidently perceived, accounting this deed of his Dog a Prophecy of his overthrow.   

Of the Dog called the Leviner, or Lyemmer in Latin Lorarius.  
ANother sort of dogs be there, in smelling singular, and in swiftness incomparable. This is (as it were) a middle kind betwixt the Harier and the greyhound, as well for his kind, as for the frame of his body. And it is called in latin Levinarius, a Levitate, of lightness, and therefore may well be called a lyghthounde, it is also called by this word Lorarius, a Loro, wherewith it is led. This Dog for the excellency of his conditions, namely smelling and swift running, doth follow the game with more eagerness, and taketh the prey with a jolly quickness.   

Of the Dog called a Tumbler, in Latin Vertagus.  
THis sort of Dogs, which compasseth all by crafts, frauds, subtleties and deceipts, we English men call Tumblers, because in hunting they turn and tumble, winding their bodies about in circle wise, and then fiercely and violently venturing upon the beast, doth suddenly gripe it, at the very entrance and mouth of their receptacles, or closerts before they can recover means, to save and secure themselves. This dog useth another craft and subtlety, namely, when he runneth into a warren, or setteth a course about a connyburrough, he hunteth not after them, he frays them not by barking, he makes no countenance or shadow of hatred against them, but dissembling friendship, and pretending favour, passeth by with silence and quietness, marking and noting their holes diligently, wherein (I warrant you) he will not be overshot nor deceived. When he cometh to the place where Connyes be, of a certainty, he cowcheth down close with his belly the ground, Provided always by his skill and policy, that the the wind be never with him but against him in such an enterprise. And that the Connyes spy him not where he lurcketh. By which means he obtaineth the sent and savour of the Connyes, carried towards him with the wind & the airs either going to their holes, or coming out, either passing this way, or running that way, and so provideth by his circumspection, that the selly simple Conny is debarred quite from his hole (which is the haven of their hope and the harbour of their health) and fraudulently circumvented and taken, before they can get the advantage of their hole. Thus having caught his prey he earryeth it speedily to his Master, waiting his Dogs return in some convenient lurking corner. These Dogs are somewhat lesser than the hounds, and they be lancker & leaner, beside that they be somewhat prick eared. A man that shall mark the form and fashion of their bodies, may well call them apparel greyhounds if they were somewhat bigger. But notwithstanding they countervail not the Grehound in greatness, yet will he take in one days space as many Connyes as shall arise to as big a burden, and as heavy a load as a horse can carry, for deceit and guile is the instrument whereby he maketh this spoil, which pernicious properties supply the places of more commendable qualities.   

Of the Dog called the thievish Dog in Latin Canis furax.  
THe like to that whom we have rehearsed, is the thievish Dog, which at the mandate and bidding of his master fléereth and leereth abroad in the night, hunting Connyes by the air, which is leavened with their savour and conveyed to the sense of smelling by the means of the wind blowing towards him. During all which space of his hunting he will not bark, lest he should be prejudicial to his own advantage. And thus watcheth and snatcheth up in course as many Connyes as his Master will suffer him, and beareth them to his Masters standing. The farmers of the country and uplandish dwellers, call this kind of Dog a night cur, because he hunteth in the dark. But let thus much seem sufficient for Dogs which serve the game and disport of hunting.   

¶ A Dial pertaining to the first Section.  
Dogs serving the pastime of hunting beasts. are divided into 

Hariers In Latin called Venatici.  
Terrars In Latin called Venatici.  
Bloudhounds In Latin called Venatici.  
Gasehounds In Latin called Venatici.  
Grehounds In Latin called Venatici.  
Leviners or Lyemmers In Latin called Venatici.  
Tumblers In Latin called Venatici.  
Stealers. In Latin called Venatici.      

The second Section of this discourse.  

Of gentle Dogs serving the hawk, and first of the Spaniel, called in Latin Hispaniolus.  
Such Dogs as serve for fowling, I think convenient and requisite to place in this second Section of this treatise. These are also to be reckoned and accounted in the number of the dogs which come of a gentle kind, and of those which serve for fowling.  

There be two sorts.  
The first findeth game on the land.  
The other findeth game on the water.   
Such as delight on the land, play their parts, either by swiftness of foot, or by often questing, to search out and to spring the bird for further hope of advantage, or else by some secret sign and privy token bewray the place where they fall.  

The first kind of such serve The Hawk,  
The second, The net, or, train,   
The first kind have no peculiar names assigned unto them, save only that they be denominated after the bird which by natural appointment he is allotted to take, for the which consideration.  

Some be called Dogs,  
For the Falcon and such like,  
The Pheasant and such like,  
The Partridge and such like,   
The common sort of people call them by one general word, namely Spaniels. As though these kind of Dogs came originally and first of all out of Spain. The most part of their skins are white, and if they be marked with any spots, they are commonly read, and somewhat great therewithal, the hears not growing in such thickness but that the mixture of them may easily be perceived. Othersome of them be reddish and blackish, but of that sort there be but a very few. There is also at this day among us a new kind of dog brought out of France (for we English men are marvelous greedy gaping gluttons after novelties, and covetous coruorauntes of things that be seldom, rare, strange, and hard to get.) And they be speckled all over with white and black, which mingled colours incline to a marble blue, which bewtifyeth their skins and affordeth a seemly show of comeliness. These are called French dogs as is above declared already.   

The Dog called the Setter, in Latin Index.  
ANother sort of Dogs be there, serviceable for fowling, making no noise either with foot or with tongue, whiles they follow the game. These attend diligently upon their Master and frame their conditions to such becks, motions, and gestures, as it shall please him to exhibit and make, either going forward, drawing backward, inclining to the right hand, or yielding toward the jest, (In making mention of fowls, my meaning is of the Partridge & the Quail) when he hath found the bird, he keepeth sure and fast silence, he stayeth his steps and will proceed no further, and with a close, covert, watching eye, layeth his belly to the ground and so creepeth forward like a worm. When he approacheth near to the place where the bird is, he lays him down, and with a mark of his paws betrayeth the place of the birds last abode, whereby it is supposed that this kind of dog is called Index, Setter, being in deed a name most consonant and agreeable to his quality. The place being known by the means of the dog, the fowler immediately openeth and spreedeth his net, intending to take them, which being done the dog at the accustomed beck or usual sign of his Master riseth up by and by, and draweth nearer to the fowl that by his presence they might be the authors of their own ensnaring, and be ready entangled in the prepared net, which cunning and artificial endeavour in a dog (being a creature domestical or household servant brought up at home with offals of the trencher & fragments of victuals,) is not much so be marveled at, seeing that a Hare (being a wild and skippishe beast) was seen in England to the astonishment of the beholders, in the year of our Lord God, 1564. not only dancing in measure, but playing with his former feet upon a tabberet, and observing just number of strokes (as a practitioner in that art) besides that nipping & pinching a dog with his teeth and claws, & cruelly thumping him with the force of his feet. This is no trumpery tale, nor trifling toy (as I imagine) and therefore not unworthy to be reported, for I reckon it a requital of my travail, not to drown in the seas of silence any special thing, wherein the providence and effectual working of nature is to be pondered.   

Of the Dog called the water Spaniel, or finder in Latin Aquaticus s●u Inquisitor.  
THat kind of Dog whose service is required in fowling upon the water, partly through a natural towardness, and partly by diligent teaching, is endued with that property. This sort is somewhat big, and of a measurable greatness, having long, rough, and curled hear, not obtained by extraordinary trades, but given by nature's appointment, yet nevertheless (friend Gesner) I have described and set him out in this manner, namely polled and knotted from the shoulders to the hinder most legs, and to the end of his tail, which I did for use and custom's cause, that being as it were made somewhat bore and naked, by shearing of such superfluity of hear, they might achieve the more lightness, and swiftness, and be less hindered in swimming, so troublesome and needless a burden being shaken of. This kind of dog is properly called, Aquaticus, a water spaniel because he frequenteth and hath usual recourse to the water where all his game & exercise lieth, namely waterfowles, which are taken by the help & service of them, in their kind. And principally ducks and drakes, whereupon he is likewise named a dog for the duck, because in that quality he is excellent. With those dogs also we fetch out of the water such fowl as he stounge to death by any venomous worm, we use them also to bring us our bolts & arrows out of the water, (missing our mark) whereat we directed our level, which otherwise we should hardly recover, and oftentimes they restore to us our shafts which we thought never to see, touch or handle again, after they were lost, for which circumstances they are called Inquisitores, searchers, and finders. Although the duck other while notably deceiveth both the dog and the master, by diving under the water, and also by natural subtlety, for if any man shall approach to the place where they build, breed, and sit, the hens go out of their nests, offering themselves voluntarily to the hands, as it were, of such as draw nigh their nests. And a certain weakness of their wings pretended, and infirmity of their feet dissembled, they go so slowly and so leisurely, that to a man's thinking it were no masteries to take them. By which deceitful trick they do as it were entice and allure men to follow them, till they be drawn a long distance from their nests, which being compassed by their provident cunning, or cunning providence, they cut of all inconveniences which might grow of their return, by using many careful and curious caveats, lest their often haunting bewray the place where the young ducklings be hatched. Great therefore is their desire, & earnest is their study to take heed, not only to their brood but also to themselves. For when they have an ynckling that they are espied they hide themselves under turfs or sedges, wherewith they cover and shroud themselves so closely and so craftily, that (notwithstanding the place where they lurk be found and perfectly perceived) there they will harbour without harm, except the water spaniel by quick smelling discover their deceipts.   

Of the Dog called the Fishers, in Latin Canis Piscator.  
THe Dog called the fisher, whereof Hector Boethus writeth, which seeketh for fish by smelling among rocks & stones, assuredly I know none of that kind in England, neither have I received by report that there is any such, albeit I have been diligent & busy in demanding the question as well of fishermen, as also of huntsmen in that behalf being careful and earnest to learn and understand of them if any such were, except you hold opinion that the beaver or Otter is a fish (as many have believed) & according to their belief affirmed, and as the bird Pupine, is thought to be a fish and so accounted. But that kind of dog which followeth the fish to apprehended and take it (if there be any of that disposition and property) whether they do this for the game of hunting, or for the heat of hunger, as other Dogs do which rather then they will be famished for want of food, covet the carckases of carrion and putrefied flesh. When I am fully resolved and disburdened of this doubt I will sand you certificate in writing. In the mean season I am not ignorant of that both. Aelianus, and Aelius, call the Beaver 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a water dog, or a dog fish, I know likewise thus much more, that the Beaver doth participate this property with the dog, namely, that when fishes be scarce they leave the water and range up and down the land, making an insatiable slaughter of young lambs until their paunches be replenished, and when they have fed themselves full of flesh, then return they to the water, from whence they came. But albeit so much be granted that this Beaver is a dog, yet it is to be noted that we reckon it not in the beadrowe of English dogs as we have done the rest. The sea Calf, in like manner, which our country men for brenitie sake call a Seel, other more largely name a Sea Vele, maketh a spoil of fishes between rocks and banks, but it is not accounted in the catalogue or number of our English dogs, notwithstanding we call it by the name of a Sea dog or a sea Calf. And thus much for our dogs of the second sort called in Latin Aucupatorij, serving to take fowl either by land or water.   

¶ A Dial pertaining to the second Section.  
Dogs serving the disport of fowling● are divided into 

Land spaniel Setters called in latin Canes Aucupatorij  
Water spaniels or finders called in latin Canes Aucupatorij    
The fisher is not of their number, but several.    

The third Section of this abridgement.  
Now followeth in due order and convenient place our English Dogs of the third gentle kind, what they are called to what use they serve, and what sort of people plant their pleasure in them, which because they need no curious canuasting and nigh syfting, we mean to be so much the briefer.  

Of the delicate, neat, and pretty kind of dogs called the Spaniel gentle or the comforter, in Latin Melitaeus or Fotor.  
THere is, besides those which we have already delivered, another sort of gentle dogs in this our English soil but exempted from the order of the residue, the Dogs of this kind doth Callimachus call Melitaeos', of the Iseland Melita, in the sea of Sicily, (which at this day is named Malta, an Iseland in deed, famous and reno●med, with courageous and puissant soldiers variantly lighting under the banner of Christ their unconquerable captain's where, this kind of dogs had their principal beginning.  
These dogs are little, pre●ty, proper, and fine, and sought for to satisfy the delicateness of dainty dames, and wanton women's wills, instruments of folly for them to play and dally withal, to trip away the treasure of time, to withdraw their minds from more commendable exercises, and to content their corrupted concupiscences with vain disport (A selly shift to shun irksome ydlnesse.) These puppies the smaller they be, the more pleasure they provoke, as more meet play fellows for mincing mistresses to bear in their bosoms, to keep company withal in their chambers, to secure with sleep in bed, and nourish with meat at board, to lay in their laps, and lick their lips as they ride in their wagons, and good reason it should be so, for coarseness with fineness hath no fellowship, but featness with neatness hath neighbourhood enough. That plausible proverb verified upon a Tyrant, namely that he loved his sow better than his son, may well be applied to these kind of people who delight more in dogs that are deprived of all possibility of reason, than they do in children that be capable of wisdom and judgement. But this abuse peradventure reigneth where there hath been long lack of issue, or elsewhere barrenness is the best blossom of beauty.   

The virtue which remaineth in the Spainell gentle otherwise called the comforter.  
NOtwithstanding many make much of those pretty puppies called Spaniels gentle, yet if the question were demanded what property in them they say, which should make them so acceptable and precious in their sight, I doubt their answer would be long a coining. But seeing it was our intent to travail in this treatise, so that the reader might reap some benefit by his reading, we will communicate unto you such conjectures as are grounded upon reason. And though some suppose that such dogs are fit for no service, I dare say, by their leaves, they be in a wrong box. Among all other qualities therefore of nature, which be known (for some conditions are covered with continual and thick clouds, that the eye of our capacities can not pierce through them) we found that these little dogs are good to assuage the sickness of the stomach being oftentimes thereunto applied as a plaster preservative, or borne in the bosom of the diseased and weak person, which effect is performed by their moderate heat. Moreover the disease and sickness changeth his place and entereth (though it be not precisely marked) into the dog, which to be no untruth, experience can testify, for these kind of dogs sometimes fall sick, and sometime die, without any harm outwardly enforced, which is an argument that the disease of the gentleman, or gentlewoman or owner whatsoever, entereth into the dog by the operation of heat intermingled and infected. And thus have I hitherto handled dogs of a gentle kind whom I have comprehended in a triple division. Now it remaineth that I annex in due order such dogs as be of a more homely kind.   

A Dial pertaining to the third Section.  
In the third section is contained one kind of dog which is called the Spaniel gentle or the comforter, It is also called 

A chamber companion, generally called Canie delicatus.  
A pleasant play fellow, generally called Canie delicatus.  
A pretty worm, generally called Canie delicatus.      

The fourth Section of this discourse.  

Dogs of a course kind serving for many necessary uses called in Latin Canes rustici, and first of the shepherd's dog called in Latin Canis Pastoralis.  
Dogs of the courser sort are 

These two are the principal.  
The shepherd's dog  
The mastiff or Bandog.    
THe first kind, namely the shepherd's hound is very necessary and profitable for the avoiding of harms and inconveniences which may come to men by the means of beasts. The second sort serve to secure against the snares and attempts of mischievous men. Our shepherds dog is not huge, vast, and big, but of an indifferent stature and growth, because it hath not to deal with the bloudthyrsty wolf, sithence there be none in England, which happy and fortunate benefit is to be ascribed to the puissant Prince Edgar, who to th'intent that the whole country might be evacuated and quite cleared from wolves, charged & commanded the welshemen (who were pestered with these butcherly beasts above measure) to pay him yearly tribute which was n●te the wisdom of the King) three hundred Wolves. Some there be which writ that Ludwall Prince of Wales paid yearly to King Edgar three hundred wolves in the name of an exaction (as we have said before.) And that by the means hereof, within the compass and term of four years, none of those noisome, and pestilent Beasts were left in the coasts of England and Wales. This Edgar wore the Crown royal, and bore the Sceptre imperial of this kingdom, about the year of our Lord, nine hundred fifty, nine. Since which time we reed that no Wolf hath been seen in England, bred within the bounds and borders of this country, marry there have been divers brought over from beyond the seas, for gréedynesse of gain and to make money, for gazing and gaping, staring, and standing to see them, being a strange beast, rare, and seldom seen in England. But to return to our shepherd's dog. This dog either at the hearing of his master's voice, or at the wagging and whistling in his fist, or at his shrill and horse hissing bringeth the wandering weathers and straying sheep, into the self same place where his masters will and wish is to have them, whereby the shepherd reapeth this benefit, namely, that with little labour and no toil or moving of his feet he may rule and guide his flock, according to his own desire, either to have them go forward, or to stand still, or to draw backward, or to turn this way, or to take that way. For it is not in England, as it is in France, as it is in Flaunders, as it is in Syria, as it is in Tartary, where the sheep follow the shepherd, for here in our country the shepherd followeth the sheep. And sometimes the straying sheep, when no dog runneth before them, nor goeth about & beside them, gather themselves together in a flock, when they here the shepherd whistle in his fist, for fear of the Dog (as I imagine) remembering this (if unreasonable creatures may be reported to have memory) that the Dog commonly runneth out at his masters warrant which is his whistle. This have we oftentimes diligently marked in taking our journey from town to town, when we have hard a shepherd whistle we have rained in our horse and stood still a space, to see the proof and trial of this matter. Furthermore with this dog doth the shepherd take sheep for the slaughter, and to be healed if they be sick, no hurt or harm in the world done to the simple creature.   

Of the mastiff or Bandog called in Latin V●llaticus or Cathenarius.  
THis kind of Dog called a mas●yue or Bandog is vast, huge, stubborn, ugly, and eager, of a heavy and hurthenous body, and therefore but of little swiftness, terrible, and frightful to behold, and more fierce and fell then any Arcadian cur (notwithstanding they are said to have their generation of the violent Lyon.) They are called V●llatici, because they are appointed to watch and keep farm places and country cottages sequestered from common recourse, and not abutting upon other houses by reason of distance, when there is any fear conceived of thieves, robbers, spoilers, and nightwanderers. They are serviceable against the Fox and the Badger, to drive wild and tame swine out of Meadows, pastures, glebelandes and places planted with fruit, to bait and take the bull by the ear, when occasion so requireth. One dog or two at the uttermost, sufficient for that purpose be the bull never so monstruous, never so fierce, never so furious, never so stern, never so untameable. For it is a kind of dog capable of courage, violent and valiant, striking could fear into the hearts of men, but standing in fear of no man, in so much that no weapons will make him shrink, nor abridge his boldness. Our English men (to th'intentintent that their dogs might be the more fell and fear●e) assist nature with art, use, and custom, for they teach their dogs to bait the Bear, to bait the Bull and other such like cruel and bloody beasts (appointing an overseer of the game) without any collar to defend their throats, and oftentimes they train them up in fight and wrestling with a man having for the safeguard of his life, either a Pikestaff, a club, or a sword and by using them to ●uch exercises as these, thoy● dogs become more sturdy and strong. The force which is in them surmounteth all belief, the fast hold which they take with their teeth exceedeth all credit, three of them against a Bear, four against a Lion are sufficient, both to try masteries with them and utterly to overmatch them. Which thing Henry the seventh of that name, King of England (a Prince both politic & warlike) perceiving on a certain time (as the report runneth) commanded all such dogs (how many soever they were in number) should be hanged, being deeply displeased, and conceiving great disdain, that an ill favoured rascal cur should with such violent villainy, assault the valiant Lion king of all beasts. An example for all subjects worthy remembrance, to admonish them that it is no advantage to them to rebel against the regiment of their ruler, but to keep them within the limits of Loyalty. I reed an history answerable to this of the selso same Henry, who having a notable and an excellent fair Falcon, it fortuned that the king's Falconers, in the presence and hearing of his grace, highly commended his majesties Falcon, saying, that it feared not to intermeddle with an Eagle, it was so venturous a bird and so mighty, which when the King hard, he charged that the Falcon should be killed without delay, for the self same reason (as it may seem) which was rehearsed in the conclusion of the former history concerning the same king. This dog is called, in like manner, Cathenarius, a Cathena, of the chain wherewith he is tied at the gates, in the day time, lest being loose he should do much mischief and yet might give occasion of fear and terror by his big barking. And albeit Cicero in his oration had Pro. S. Ross. be of this opinion, that such Dogs as bark in the broad day light should have their legs broken, yet our countrymen, on this side the seas for their carelessness of life setting all at cinque and since, are of a contrary judgement. For thee fes rogue up & down in every corner, no place is free from them, not not the princes palla 〈…〉 time they practise pilfering, picking open robbing, and privy stealing, and what legerdema●ne lack they● not fearing the shameful and horrible death of hanging. The cause of which inconvenience doth not only i●●he from ripping need & wring want, for all the steal, are not pinche● with poverty but some steal so maintain their excessive and prodigal expenses in apparel, their lewdness of life, their haughtiness of heart, their wantonness of manners, their wilful idleness, their ambitious bravery, and the pride of the saucy Salacones 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vain glorious and arrogant in behaviour, whose delight dependeth wholly to mount nimbly on horseback, to make them leap lustily, spring and prance, gallop and amble, to run a race, to wind in compass, and so forth, living all together upon the fatness of the spoil. othersome therebe which steal, being thereto provoked by penury & need, like masterless men applying themselves to no honest trade, but ranging up and down impudently begging, and complaining of bodily weakness where is no want of ability. But valiant Valentine th'emperor, by wholesome laws provided that such as having no corporal 〈◊〉, sold themselves to begging, pleaded poverty with pretended infirmity, & bleaked their idle and slothful life with colourable shifts and cloudy coss●ning, should be a perpetual slave and drudge to him, by whom their impudent idleness was bewrayed, and laid against them in public place, lest the insufferable slouthfallnes of such vagabonds should be furtherous to the people, or being so hateful and odious, should grow into an example. Alfredus likewise in the government of his common wealth, procured such increase of credit to justice and upright dealing by his prudent acts and statutes, that if a man travailing by the high way of the country under his dominion, chanced to loose a budget full of gold, or his capcase falsed with things of great value, late in the evening, he should find it where he lost it, safe, sound, and untouched the next morning, yea (which is a wonder) at any time for a whole months space if he sought for it, as Ingulphus Croyladensis in his History recordeth. But in this our unhappy age, in these (I say) our devilish days nothing can scape the claws of the spoiler, though it be kept never so sure within the house, albeit the doors be locked and bolted round about. This dog in like manner of Grecians is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.   

Of the latinists Canis Cultos, in English the Dog keeper.  
Borrowing his name of his servire, for he doth not only keep farmer's houses, but also merchants maisons, wherein great wealth, riches, substance, and costly stuff is reposed. And therefore were certain dogs found and maintained at the common costs and charges of the Citizens of Rome in the place called Capitolium, to give warning of thieves coming. This kind of dog, is also called, In latin Canis Laniarius in English the Butchers Dog.  
So called for the necessity of his use, for his service affordeth great benefit to the Butcher as well in following as in taking his cattle when need constraineth, urgeth, and requireth. This kind of dog is likewise called, In latin Molossicus or Molossus.  
After the name of a country in Epirus called Molossia, which harboureth many stout, strong, and sturdy Dogs of this sort, for the dogs of that country are good in deed, or else their is no trust to be had in the testimony of writers. This dog is also called, In latin Canis Mandatarius a Dog messenger or Carrier.  
Upon substantial consideration, because at his master's voice and commandment, he carrieth letters from place to place, wrapped up cunningly in his leather collar, fastened thereto, or sowed close therein, who, lest he should be hindered in his passage useth these helps very skilfully, namely resistance in fight if he be not overmatched, or else swiftness & readiness in running away, if he be unable to buckle with the dog that would feign have a snatchat his skin. This kind of dog is likewise called, In latin Canis Lunari●s, in English the Mooner.  
Because he doth nothing else but watch and ward at an inch, wasting the wearisome night season without slombering or sleeping, bawing & wawing at the Moon (that I may use the word of Nonius) a quality in mine opinion strange to consider. This kind of dog is also called.  In latin Aquarius in English a water drawer. 
And these be of the greater and the waighter sort drawing water out of wells and deep pi●tes, by a wheel which they turn round about by the moving of their burdenous bodies. This kind of dog is called in like manner.  Canis Sarcinarius in Latin, and may aptly be englished a Tynckers' Cur. 
Because with marvelous patience they bear big budgets fraught with Tinkers tools, and metal meet to mend kettles, porridge pots, skellets, and chafers, and other such like trumpery requisite for their occupation and loitering trade, easing him of a great burden which otherwise he himself should carry upon his shoulders, which condition hath challenged unto them the foresaid name. Besides the qualities which we have already recounted, this kind of dogs hath this principal property engrafted in them, that they love their mast●rs liberally, and hate strangers despitefully, whereupon it followeth that they are to their masters, in travelling a singular safgard, defending them forcibly from the invasion of villons and thieves, preserving their lives from loss, and their health from hazard, their flesh from hacking and hewing with such like desperate dangers. For which consideration they are meritoriously termed.  In Latin Canes defensores defending dogs in our mother tongue. 
If it chance that the master be oppressed, either by a multitude, or by the greater violence & so be beaten down that he lie groveling on the ground, (it is proved true by experience) that this Dog forsaketh not his master, not not when he is stark dead: But enduring the foree of famishment and the outrageous tempests of the weather, most vigilantly watcheth and carefully keepeth the dead carcase many days, endeavouring, furthermore, to kill the murderer of his master, if he may get any advantage. Or else by barking, by howling, by furious jarring, snarring, and such like means betrayeth the malefactor as desirous to have the death of his aforesaid Master rigorously revenged. And example hereof fortuned within the compass of my memory. The Dog of a certain wayefaring man travailing from the City of London directly to the Town of Kingston (most famous and renowned by reason of the triumphant coronation of eight several Kings) passing over a good portion of his journey was assaulted and set upon by certain confederate thieves laying in weight for the spoil in Comeparcke, a perilous bottom, compassed about with woods to well known for the manifold murders & mischéefeous robberies their committed. Into whose hands this passenger chanced to fall, so that his ill luck cost him the price of his life. And that Dog whose ●yer was English, (which Blondus registereth to have been within the banks of his remembrance) manifestly perceiving that his Master was murdered this chanced not far from Paris) by the hands of one which was a suitor to the same woman, whom he was a wooer unto, did both bewray the bloody butcher, and attempted to tear out the villons' throat if he had not sought means to avoid the revenging rage of the Dog. In fierce also which fortune in the silence and dead time of the night, or in stormy weather of the said season, the older dogs, bark, ball, howl, and yell (yea notwithstanding they be roughly rated) neither will they stay their tongues till the household servants, awake, rise, search, and see the burning of the fire, which being perceived they use voluntary silence, and cease from yolping. This hath been, and is found true by trial, in sundry parts of England. There was no fainting faith in that Dog, which when his Master by a mischance in hunting stumbled and fell toppling down a deep ditch being unable to recover of himself, the Dog signifying his master's mishap, rescue came, and he was hailed up by a rope, whom the Dog seeing almost drawn up to the edge of the ditch, chérefully saluted, leaping and skipping upon his master as though he would have embraced him, being glad of his presence, whose longer absence he was loath to lack. Some Dogs there be, which will not suffer fiery coals to lie scattered about the hearth, but with their paws will rake up the burning coals, musing and studying first with themselves how it might conveniently be done. And if so be that the coals cast to great a heat than will they buyry them in ashes and so remove them forward to a fit place with their noses. Other Dogs be there which execute the office of a Farmer in the night time. For when his master goeth to bed to take his natural sleep. And when, 
A hundred bars of brass and iron bolts,  
Make all things safe from starts and from revolts.  
When janus keeps the gate with Argos eye,  
That dangers none approach, ne mischiefs nigh.   
As Virgil vaunteth in his verses, Then if his master biddeth him go abroad, he lingereth not, but rangeth over all his lands lying there about, more diligently, I wis, than any farmer himself. And if he find any thing their that is strange and pertaining to other persons besides his master, whether it be man, woman, or beast, he driveth them out of the ground, not meddling with any thing which doth belong to the possession and use of his master. But how much faithfulness, so much diversity there is in their natures, 

For there be some,  
Which bark only with free and open throat but will not bite,  
Which do both bark and bite,  
Which bite bitterly before they bark,    
The first are not greatly to be feared, because they themselves are fearful, and fearful dogs (as the proverb importeth) bark most vehemently.  
The second are dangerous, it is wisdom to take heed of them because they sound, as it were, a Alarm of an afterclappe, and these dogs must not be over much moved or provoked, for than they take on outrageously as if they were mad, watching to set the print of their teeth in the flesh. And these kind of dogs are fierce and eager by nature.  
The third are deadly, for they fly upon a man, without utterance of voice, snatch at him, and catch him by the throat, and most cruelly bite out collops of flesh. Fear these kind of Curs, (if thou be wise and circumspect about thine own safety) for they be stout and stubborn dogs, and set upon a man at a sodden unwares. By these signs and tokens, by these notes and arguments our men discern the cowardly cur from the courageous dog the bold from the fearful, the butcherly from the gentle and tractable. Moreover they conjecture that a whelp of an ill kind is not worth the keeping and that no dog can serve the sundry uses of men so aptly and so conveniently as this sort of whom we have so largely written already. For if any be disposed to draw the above named services into a table, what man more clearly, and with more vehemency of voice giveth warning either of a wasteful beast, or of a spoiling thief then this? who by his barking (as good as a burning beacon) fore showeth hassards at hand? what manner of beast stronger? what servant to his master more loving? what companion more trusty? what watchman more vigilant? what revenger more constant? what messenger more speedy? what water bearer more painful? Finally what packhorse more patiented? And thus much concerning English Dogs, first of the gentle kind, secondly of the courser kind. Now it remaineth that we deliver unto you the Dogs of a apparel or currish kind, and then will we perform our task.   

¶ A Dial pertaining to the fourth Section.  
Dogs comprehended in the fourth section are these 

The shepherd's dog  
The Mastiff or Bandogs   which hath sundry names derived from sundry circumstances as 

The keeper or watch man called in Latin Canes Rustici.  
The butcher's dog called in Latin Canes Rustici.  
The messenger or carrier called in Latin Canes Rustici.  
The Mooner called in Latin Canes Rustici.  
The water drawer called in Latin Canes Rustici.  
The Tinkers cur called in Latin Canes Rustici.  
The fencer, called in Latin Canes Rustici.      

The fifth Section of this treatise.  

Containing Curs of the apparel and rascal sort and first of the Dog called in Latin, Admonitor, and of us in English Wappe or Warner.  
OF such dogs as keep not their kind, of such as are mingled out of sundry sorts not imitating the conditions of some one certain spice, because they resemble no notable shape, nor exercise any worthy property of the true perfect and gentle kind, it is not necessary that I writ any more of them, but to banish them as unprofitable implements, out of the bounds of my Book, unprofitable I say for any use that is commendable, except to entertain strangers with their bareking in the day time, giving warning to them of the house, that such & such be newly come, whereupon we call them admonishing Dogs, because in that point they perform their office.   

Of the Dog called Turnespete in Latin Verwersator.  
THere is comprehended, under the curs of the coarsest kind, a certain dog in kitchen service excellent. For when any meat is to be roasted they go into a wheel which they turning round about with the weight of their bodies, so diligently look to their business, that no drudge nor scullion can do the feat more cunningly. Whom the popular sort hereupon call Turnespets, being the last of all those which we have first mentioned.   

Of the Dog called the Dancer, in Latin Saltator or Tympanista.  
THere be also dogs among us of a apparel kind which are taught and exercised to dance in measure at the musical sound of an instrument, as, at the just stroke of the drombe, at the sweet accent of the Cyterne, & tuned strings of the harmonious Harp showing many pretty tricks by the gesture of their bodies. As to stand bolt upright, to lie flat upon the ground, to turn round as a ring holding their tails in their teeth, to beg for their meat, and sundry such properties, which they learn of their vagabundical masters, whose instruments they are to gather gain withal in City, Country, Town, and village. As some which carry old apes on their shoulders in coloured jackets to move men to laughter for a little lucre.   

Of other Dogs, a short conclusion, wonderfully engendered within the coasts of this country.  
Three sorts of them, 

The first bred of a bitch and a wolf, In Latin Lyciscus.  
The second of a bitch and a fox, In Latin Lacaena.  
The third of a bear and a bandog, In Latin Vrcanus.    
OF the first we have none naturally bred within the borders of England. The reason is for the want of wolves, without whom no such kind of Dog can be engendered. Again it is delivered unto thee in this discourse, how and by what means, by whose benefit, and within what circuit of time, this country was clearly discharged of ravening wolves, and none at all left, not, not to the lest number, or the beginning of a number, which is an Vnari.  
Of the second sort we are not utterly void of some, because this our English soil is not free from foxes, (for in deed we are not without a multitude of them in so much as diverse keep, foster, and feed them in their houses among their hounds and dogs, either for some malady of mind, or for some sickness of body,) which peradventure the savour of that subtle beast would either mitigate or expel.  
The third kind which is bred of a Bear and a Bandog we want not hear in England, (A strange & wonderful effect, that cruel enemies should enter into the work of copulation & bring forth so savage a cur.) Undoubtedly it is even so as we have reported, for the fiery heat of their flesh, or rather the pricking thorn, or most of all, the tickling lust of lechery, beareth such swinge and sway in them, that there is no contrariety for the time, but of constraint they must join to engender. And why should not this be consonant to truth? why should not these beasts breed in this land, as well as in other foreign nations? For we reed that Tigers and dogs in Hyrcania, that Lions and Dogs in Arcadia, and that wolves and dogs in Francia, couple and procreate. In men and women also lightened with the lantern of reason (but utterly void of virtue) that foolish, frantic, and fleshly action) yet naturally sealed in us) worketh so effectuously, that many times it doth reconcile enemies, set foes at friendship, unanimity, & atonement, as Moria mentioneth. The Vrcane which is bred of a bear and a dog, 
Is fierce, is fell, is stout and strong,  
And biteth sore to flesh and bone,  
His furious force endureth long  
In rage he will be ruled of none.   
That I may use the words of the P●●t Gratius. This dog exceedeth all other in cruel conditions, his leering and fleering looks, his stern and savage visage, maketh him in sight fearful and terrible, he is violent in fight, & wheresoever he setteth his tenterhooks teeth, he taketh such sure & fast hold that a man may sooner tear and rend him in sunder, then loose him and separate his chaps. He passeth not for the Wolf, the Bear, the Lion, nor the Bull, and may wortherly (as I think) be companion with Alexander's dog which came out of Indian ● Butt of these, thus much, and thus far may seem sufficient.   

A start to outlandish Dogs in this conclusion, not impertinent to the Author's purpose.  
Use and custom hath entertains other dogs of an outlandish kind, but a few and the same being of a pretty bigness, I mean Iseland, dogs curled & rough all over, which by reason of the length of their hear make show neither of face nor of body. And yet these r●rres, forsoothe● because they are so strange are greatly set by, esteemed, taken up, and made of many times in the room of the Spaniel gentle or comforter. The natures of men is so moved, nay rather married to novelties without all reason, wit, judgement or perseverance, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 
outlandish toys we take with delight,  
Things of our own nation we have in despite.   
Which fault remaineth not in us concerning dogs only, but for artificers also. And why? it is to manifest that we disdain and contemn our own workmen, be they never so skilful, be they never so cunning, be they never so excellent. A beggarly beast brought out of barbarous borders, from the uttermost countries Northward, etc. we stare at, we gaze at, we muse, we marvel at, like an ass of Cumanum, like Thales with the brazen shanks, like the man in the Moon.  
The which default Hypocrates marked when he was alive, as evidently appeareth in the beginning of his book 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, so entitled and named:  
And we in our work entitled De Ephemera Britanica, to the people of England have more plentifully expressed. In this kind look which is most blocklishe, and yet most waspish, the same is most esteemed, and not among Citizens only and jolly gentlemen, but among lusty Lords also, and noble men, and dainty courtier ruffling in their riotous rags. Further I am not to wade in the ford of this discourse, because it was my purpose to satisfy your expectation with a short treatise (most learned Conrade) not wearisome for me to write, nor tedious for you to peruse. Among other things which you have received at my hands heretofore, I remember that I wrote a several description of the Getulian Dog, because there are but a few of them and therefore very seldom seen. As touching Dogs of other kinds you yourself have taken earnest pain, in writing of them both lively, learnedly, and largely. But because we have drawn this libel more at length then the former which I sent you (and yet briefer than the nature of the thing might well bear) regarding your more earnest and necessary studies. I will conclude making a rehearsal notwithstanding (for memories sake) of certain specialties contained in the whole body of this my breviary. And because you participate principal pleasure in the knowledge of the common and usual names of Dogs (as I gather by the course of your letters) I suppose it not amiss to deliver unto you a short table containing as well the Latin as the English names, and to tender a reason of every particular appellation, to th'intent that no scruple may remain in this point, but that every thing may be sifted to the bore bottom.   

A Dial pertaining to the fift Section.  
Dogs contained in this last Dial or Table are 

The wapp or warner, called in Latin Canes Rustici.  
The Turnespet, called in Latin Canes Rustici.  
The dancer, called in Latin Canes Rustici.      

A Supplement or Addition, containing a demonstration of dogs names how they had their Original.  
THe names contained in the general table, for so much as they signify nothing to you being a stranger, and ignorant of the English tongue, except they be interpreted: As we have given a reason before of the latin words so mean we to do no less of the English that every thing may be manifest unto your understanding. Wherein I intend to observe the same order which I have followed before.  

The names of such Dogs as be contained in the first section.  

SAgax, in English Hunde, is derived of our English word hunt. One letter changed in another, namely, T, into D, as Hunt, Hunide, whom (if you conjecture to be so named of your country word Hunde which signifieth the general name Dog, because of the similitude and likeness of the words I will not stand in contradiction (friend Gesner) for so much as we retain among us at this day many dutch words which the Saxons left at such time as they occupied this country of Britain. Thus much also understand, that as in your language Hunde is the common word, so in our natural tongue dog, is the universal, but Hunde is particular and a special, for it signifieth such a dog only as serveth to hunt, and therefore it is called a hunde.   

Of the Gasehounde.  
The Gasehounde called in latin Agasaeus, hath his name of the sharpness and steadfastness of his eyesight. Ay which virtue he compasseth that which otherwise he cannot by smelling attain. As we have made former relation, for to gaze is earnestly to view and behold, from whence floweth the derivation of this dogs name.   

Of the greyhound.  
The greyhound called Leporarius, hath his name of this word, Gre, which word soundeth, Gradus in latin, in English degree. Because among all dogs these are the most principal, occupying the chiefest place, and being simply and absolutely the best of the gentle kind of hounds.   

Of the Le●yner or the Lyemmer.  
This dog is called a Levyner, for his lightness, which in latin soundeth Levitas. Or a Lyemmer whsch word is borrowed of Lyemme, which the latinist's name Lorum: and wherefore we call him a Levyner of this word Levitas? (as we do many things beside) why we derive and draw a thousand of our terms, out of the Greek, the Latin, the Italian, the Dutch, the French, and the Spanish tongue? (Out of which fountains in deed, they had their original issue.) How many words are buried in the grave of forgetfulness? grown out of use? wrested away? and perversely corrupted by divers defaults? we will declare at large in our book entitled, Symphonia vocum Britannicarum.   

Of the Tumbler.  
Among hounds the Tumbler called in latin Vertagus, is the last, which cometh of this word Tumbler flowing first of all out of the French fountain. For as we say Tumble so they, Tumbier, reserving one sense and signification, which the latinists comprehend under this word V●ertere, So that we see thus much, that Tumbler cometh of Tumbier, the vowel, I, changed into the Liquid, L, after the manner of our speech. Contrary to the French and the Italian tongue. In which two languages, A Liquid before a Vowel for the most part is turned into another Vowel, As, may be perceived in the example of these two words Implere & plano, for Impiere & piano, L, before, E, changed into, I, and L, before A, turned into I, also. This I thought convenient for a taste.    

The names of such Dogs as be contained in the second Section.  

AFter such as serve for hunting orderly do follow such as serve for hawking and fowling, Among which the principal and chiefest is the Spaniel, called in Latin Hispaniolus, borrowing his name of Hispania Spain, wherein we English men not pronouncing the Aspiration H, Nor the Vowel I, for quickness and readiness of speech say roundly A Spaniel.   

Of the Setter.  
The second sort of this second division and second section, is called a Setter, in latin Index, Of the word Set which signifieth in English that which the latinists mean by this word Locum designare, the reason is rehearsed before more largely, it shall not need to make a new repetition.   

Of the water Spaniel or Finder.  
The water Spaniel consequently followeth, called in Latin Aquaticus, in English a waterspaniell, which name is compound of two simple words, namely Water, which in Latin soundeth Aqua, wherein he swimmeth. And Spain, Hispania, the country from whence they came, Not that England wanteth such kind of Dogs, (for they are naturally bred and engendered in this country.) But because they bear the general and common name of these Dogs since the time they were first brought over out of Spain. And we make a certain difference in this sort of Dogs, either for some thing which in their voice is to be marked, or for some thing which in their qualities is to be considered, as for an example in this kind called the Spaniel by the apposition and putting to of this word water, which two coupled together sound waterspaniell He is also called a finder, in Latin Inquisitor, because that by serious and secure seeking, he findeth such things as be lost, which word Find in English is that which the Latins mean by this verb invenire. This dog hath this name of his property because the principal point of his service consisteth in the premises.    

The names of such Dogs as be contained in the third Section.  
NOw leaving the suruiewe of hunting and hawking dogs, it remaineth that we run over the residue, whereof some be called, fine dogs, some course, other some mongrels or rascals. The first is the Spaniel gentle called Canis Mel●taeus, because it is a kind of dog accepted among gentles, Nobles, Lords, Ladies, etc. who make much of them vouchsafeing to admit them so far into their company that they will not only lull them in their laps, but kiss them with their lips, and make them their pretty playfellows. Such a one was Gorgon's little puppy mentioned by Theocritus in Siracusis, who taking his journey, straightly charged & commanded his maid to see to his Dog as charyly and warily as to his child: To call him in always that he wandered not abroad, as well as to rock the babe a sleep, crying in the cradle. This puppitly and peasantly cur. (which some frumpingly term fysteing hounds) serve in a manner to no good use except, (As we have made former relation) to secure and strengthen quailing and quamming stomachs, to bewray bawdry, and filthy abominable lewdness (which a little dog of this kind did in Siciliae) As Aelianus in his .7. book of beasts and .27. chapter recordeth.   

The names of such dogs as be contained in the fourth Section.  
OF dogs under the courser kind, we will deal first with the shepherd's dog, whom we call the Bandog, the Tydogge, or the Mastyve, the first name is imputed to him for service Quoniam pastori famulatur, because he is at the shepherds his master's commandment. The second a Ligamento of the ●and or chain wherewith he is tied, The third a Sagina. Of the fatness of his body.  
For this kind of dog which is usually tied, is mighty, gross, and fat fed. I know this that Augustinus Niphus, calleth this Mastinus (which we call Mastinus.) And that Albertus writeth how the Lyciscu● is engendered by a bear and a wolf. Notwithstanding the self same Author taketh it for the most part pro Molosso. A dog of such a country.   

The names of such dogs as be contained in the fift Section.  
OF mongrels and rascals somewhat is to be spoken. And among these, of the Wappe or Turnespet, which name is made of two simple words, that is, of Turn, which in latin soundeth Vertere, and of spete which is Veru, or speed, for the English word inclineth closer to the Italian imitation: Verwersator, Turnspet. He is called also Waupe, of the natural noise of his voice Wau, which he maketh in barking. But for the better and the readier sound, the vowel, u, is changed into the consonant, p, so that for waupe we say wappe. And yet I wots well that Nonius borroweth his Baubari of the natural voice Bau, as the Grecians do their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of wau,  
Now when you understand this that Saltaro in latin signifieth Dansare in English. And that our dog thereupon is called a dancer and in the latin Saltator, you are so far taught as you were desirous to learn, And now suppose I, there remaineth nothing, but that your request is fully accomplished.   

The winding up of this work, called the Supplement, etc.  
THus (Friend Gesner) you have, not only the kinds of our country dogs, but their names also, as well in latin as in English, their offices, services, diversities, natures, & properties, that you can demand no more of me in this matter. And albeit I have not satisfied your mind peradventure (who suspectest all speed in the performance of your request employed, to be mere delays) because I stayed the setting fourth of that unperfect pamphlet which, five years ago, I sent to you as to a private friend for your own réeding, and not to be printed, and so made common, yet I hope (having like the bear licked over my young) I have waded in this work to your contentation, which delay hath made somewhat better and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, after wit more meet to be perused.   
The end of this treatise.  
FINIS.   

An Alphabetical Index, declaring the whole discourse of this abridgement. The number importeth the Page.  


A.  A Bridgement of Dogs. 
1.  Abstinence from lost goods. 
27.  Aelianus his opinion of bloodhounds. 
6.  Aelianus and Aelius, opinion of of the beaver. 
19  Alfredus maintained justice. 
27  An example of rebellion, and the reward of the same. 
26  An example of love in a dog. 
31  Arcadian dog. 
36    


B.  Bandogs bait the Bear and the Bull. 
25  Blondus opinion of a dog. 
30  Bloody and butcherly curs. 
32  Beaver called a water dog. 
19  Beaver wherein he is like a dog. 
19  Beasts prevented of succour. 
5  bloodhounds how they are known. 
5  Bloodhound conditions in hunting. 
ibidem  Bloodhound whence they borrow their names. 
ibid.  Bloo●houndes pursue without weariness. 
6  bloodhounds discern thieves from true men. 
6  bloodhounds hunt by water and by land. 
ibid.  bloodhounds whne they cease from hunting. 
ibidem.  bloodhounds why they are kept close in the day, and let loose in the night. 
ibide.  Bloodhounds have not liberty always to range at will. 
7  bloodhounds are their masters guides. 
ibid.  Borders of England pestered with pylferers. 
ibidem.  Bloodhound why ●hey are used in England and Scotland. 
ibi.  bloodhounds take not the water naturally. 
ibidem.  bloodhounds called Brache in Scottish. 
ibidem.  Bloodhound when they bark. 
8  Butcher's dog. 
28  Butcher's dog why so called. 
ibide.    


C.  Caius' book of dogs twice written. 
1  Conny is not hunted. 
4  Conny caught with the ferryt. 
ibidem.  Conny taken with the net. 
ibi.  Continuance of time breedeth cunning. 
8  Castle of Flint. 
10  Coneys prevented of succour. 
11  Callimachus. 
20  comforter called Meliteus. 
ibid.  Comforters proportion described. 
ibide.  Comforters conditions declared. 
ibidem.  Comforters to what end they serve. 
ibidem  Comforters the prettier, the pleasant. 
21  Comforters, companions of idle dames. 
ibidem  Comforters why they are so much esteemed among gentlefolks. 
ibidem.  Comforters, what virtue is in them. 
ibide.  Conditions natural, some secret, some manifest. 
ibide.  Comforters called by sundry names. 
ibide.  Cicero pro. S. Ross. 
26  Country cottages annoyed with thieves. 
ibidem  Capitolium kept dogs at the common charge. 
ibide.  Carrier why he is so called. 
28  Carrier's service and properties. 
ibidem.  Comeparcke, a perilous place. 
30  Commendation of the mastiff. 
32    


D.  Dogs for hunting two kinds generally. 
2  diverse dogs diverse uses. 
4  Deceit is th'instrument of the Tumbler. 
12  Dogs for the falcon, the phesaunt, and the partridge. 
15  Dogs are household servants. 
16  Ducks deceive both dog and master. 
17  Ducks subtile of nature. 
ibi.  Ducks dissemble weakness. 
ibi.  Ducks prudent and provident. 
ibidem.  Duck's regard themselves and their brood. 
ibid.  Dogs of a course kind. 
ibi.  Dissembling thieves. 
27  Dissembling dogs. 
30  Defending dogs stick to their masters to the death. 
ibide.  Defending dogs greedy of revengement. 
ibidem  Diversity of mastiffs. 
32  Dangerous dogs. 
ibid.  Dancers' qualities. 
35  Dancers beg for their meat. 
ibidem  Dancers used for lucre and gain. 
ibid.  Dogs wonderfully engendered. 
ibidem.    


E.  England is not without Scottish dogs. 
2  Election in a gaze hound. 
8  England and Wales are clear from wolves. 
24  Edgar what time king of England. 
ibidem  Espirus a country in Graecia. 
28    


F.  Fox hunted by the gasehound. 
8  Flight preventeth peril. 
9  Froisart historiographer. 
10  Flint Castle. 
ibide.  French dogs bow their skins be speckled. 
15  Fisher dog none in England. 
18  Fisher dog, doubtful if there be any such. 
ibidem.  Falcon and an Eagle fight. 
26  Falcon killed for fight with an Eagle. 
ibid.  Fire betrayed by a dog. 
30  Fire raked up by a dog. 
31.  Farmers keep dogs. 
ibid.  Fearful dogs bark sorest. 
32  Foxes kept for sundry causes. 
36  Foxes wholesome in houses. 
ibid.    


G.  Gesner desirous of knowledge. 
1  Gesner earnest in experiments. 
ibi.  Gasehounde whence he hath his name. 
9  Gasehoundes used in the North. 
ibidem  Gasehound sometimes loseth his way. 
ibidem.  Grehound light footed. 
ibid.  Grehounds special service. 
ibi.  greyhounds strong and swift. 
ibidem  Grehounds game. 
10.  Grehounds spare of body. 
ibi.  Grehounds nature wonderful. 
ibid.  Grehound of King Richard. 
ibid.  Gentle dog. 
14  Gratius Poet his opinion. 
37  Getulian dog. 
38    


H.  Hunting wherein it consisteth. 
2  Hunting and fowleing do differ. 
3  Hunting dogs, five special kinds. 
ibid.  Harryer excelleth in smelling. 
ibidem  Harryer how he is known. 
ibi.  Hare hunted by the gasehound. 
8  Henry Duke of Lancaster. 
10  Hole of the Coney, their haven of health. 
11  Hare dancing in measure. 
16  Hare beating and thumping a dog. 
ibidem  Hear a hindrance to the water Spaniel in swimming. 
17  Hear an unprofitable burden. 
ibi.  Hector Boethus. 
18  Henry the seventh. 
26  Henry's commandment to hung all bandogs. 
ibid.  Henry's Falconer, and his Falcon. 
ibi.  Hypocrates. 
38    


I  justice maintained by Alfred. 
●7  Ingulphus Croyladensis historiographer. 
28  janus watching. 
31  Indian dogs. 
37  Iseland curs, rough and rugged. 
ibid.  Iselande curs much set by. 
ibidem    


K.  King Richard of England. 
10  King Edgar's tribute out of Wales. 
23  King Henry the seventh. 
26  King of all beasts, the Lyon. 
ibi.  King of all Birds, the Eagle. 
ibi.  Keeper's service. 
28  Kingston, o● Kingstoune very famous in old time. 
30  Kings crowned at Kingstoune, to the number of eight, their names are these. Edward the first, Athelstan, Edmund, Aldred, Edwin, Edgar, Edeldred, Edward, surnamed Iron rib. 
ibid.    


L.  Leviner quick of smelling, and swift in running. 
10  Leviner, why so called. 
ibi.  Leviner followeth the game eagerly. 
ibi.  Leviner taketh his prey speedily. 
ibid.  Lion king of all beasts. 
26  Lust of the flesh reconcileth enemies. 
36    


M.  masters beck a direction to the gasehound. 
9  Melita or Malta. 
20  Mastiffs proportion described 
20  Mastiff, why he is called Villaticus. 
ibi.  Mastiffs use and service. 
ibi.  Mastiffs are mankind. 
ibi.  Mastiffs of great might. 
26  Molossia. 
28  Mooner, why so termed. 
29  Mooner watchful. 
ibi.  Mung●ellesl. 
24  Mais●erles men carry Apes about. 
35  Man in the moon. 
37    


N.  Nature hath made some dogs for hunting. 
4  Natural properties of the water spaniel. 
16  Not Wolves in England nor Wales. 
24  Not place free from thieves. 
27  Nothing escapeth the spoiler. 
28  Nonius bau wan. 
29  Names of the mastiff. 
33  Names of the spaniel gentle. 
22  Names of Dogs whence they were derived. 
39.40.41.42. etc.    


O.  One Dog hunteth diverse beasts. 
4  Owners of bloodhounds how they use them. 
6  Order of the Tumbler in hunting. 
11  Of the Cumane ass. 
37  Of brazen shanckt Thales. 
ibi.  O●ter. 
7    


P.  Properties of a bloodhound issuing from desire. 
7  Proportion and making of the water spaniel. 
17  Pupine a bird and a fish. 
18  Princes palace pestered with thieves. 
26  Paris in France. 
30    


R.  Rome maintained dogs. 
28  Rare toys meet for englishmen. 
37    


S.  Smelling is not incident to the gasehound. 
8  Spaniels of a gentle kind. 
14  Spaniels two sorts. 
ibide.  Spaniel of the land what properties. 
ibidem.  Spaniel for the hawk and the net. 
ibide.  Spaniels some have special names. 
ibide.  Spaniel a name universal. 
15  Spaniels the colour of their skins. 
ibidem.  Setters make no noise, or very little, in their game. 
ibidem.  Setters give attendance. 
ibide.  Setters behaviour. 
ibide.  Setter whence he hath his name. 
16  Sea calf not numbered among English dogs. 
19  Sea calf called a dog fish. 
ibi.  Seel or sea veale. 
ibidem.  Spaniel gentle or the comforter. 
20  shepherds dog. 23. The necessity of their service. ibi. The proportion of them. 
ibidem.  shepherds what benefit they reap by their dogs. 
24  Shepherds in what countries they go before their sheep. 
ibidem.  Sheep how they flock at the shepherds whistle. 
ibid.  Shepherds Dog choose and take. 
ibid.  Salacones vainglorious. 
27    


T.  Terrars hunt the badger and the Fox. 
4  Terrars hunt as ferryts hunt. 
ibi.  Terrars conditions. 
ibid.  Terrars hold fast with their teeth. 
5  Tumblers crafty and fraudulent. 
11  Tumblers why so named. ibid. their trade in hunting. ibi. their dissembling of friendship. ibi. they hunt against the wind 
12  Thievish dogs. 
ibidem  Thievish Dog a night cur. 
ibidem  thieves fear no law, 27. Some steal for need. ibid. Some to maintain bravery. 
ibi.  Tynckers' curs bear burdens 29. their conditions. ibi. they love their masters. 
ibid.  Two suitors to one woman. 
30  Turnespet painful in the kitchen. 
24  Thales with the brazen feet. 
37    


V  Virtue of the comforter. 
21  Valentine's law for vagabonds 
27  Virgil's verse. 
31    


W.  Watchwordes make Dogs perfect in game. 
8  Wonder of a Hare of Leverit. 
16  Water spaniel called the finder. 
ibidem  Water spaniels what properties. 
ibidem  Water spaniels their proportion. 17. how they be described by D. Caius. 
ibidem  Why so called. 
ibidem  Where their game lieth and what it is. 
ibidem  Why they are called finders. 
ibidem  Wanton women, wanton puppies. 
20  Wolves bloudsucking beasts 23. none in England nor wales ibidem. three hundred paid yearly to Prince Edgar. 
ibid.  Warner what service he doth. 
34  Wappes unprofitable dogs. 
ibidem    


Y.  Young dogs bark much. 
8  Yolping and yelling in a bandog. 
31  Ill kind whelps not regarded. 
31    
The end of the Index.   

¶ Faults escaped thus to b'amended.  
In the last page of the Epistle Dedicatory, 
Quae for Qui  Page. 3. 
Grecians for Grecians,  Page. 28. 
Canis Cultos for Canis Custos,  Page. 38. 
Britanica for Britannica.   
Other faults we refer to the correction of the Reader.  
There be also certain Accents wanting in the Greek words which, because we had them not, are pretermitted: so have we been fain to let the Greek words run their full length, for lack of Abbreviations.  
Study & industria Abrahami Flemingi.