The Execution of justice in England for maintenance of public and Christian peace, against certain stirrers of sedition, and adherents to the traitors and enemies of the Realm, without any persecution of them for questions of Religion, as is falsely reported and published by the fautors and fosterers of their treasons. xvii. Decemb. 1583.  
❀ Imprinted at London. 1583.   

❧ The Execution of justice in England, for maintenance of public and Christian peace, etc.  
IT hath been in all ages and in all countries, 
All offenders cover their faults with contrary causes.  a common usage of all offenders for the most part, both great and small, to make defence of their lewd and unlawful facts by untruths and by colouring and covering their deeds (were they never so vile) with pretences of some other causes of contrary operations or effects: to the intent not only to avoid punishment or shame, but to continue, uphold & prosecute their wicked attempts, to the full satisfaction of their disordered and malicious appetites. And though such hath been the use of all offenders, 
Rebels do most dangerously cover their faults.  yet of none with more danger then of Rebels & traitors to their lawful Princes, Kings and countries. Of which sort of late years, are specially to be noted certain persons naturally borne subjects in the Realm of England and Ireland, who having for some good time professed outwardly their obedience to their sovereign Lady Queen Elizabeth, 
Rebellion in England, & Ireland.  have nevertheless afterward been stirred up and seduced by wicked spirits, first in England sundry years passed, and secondly and of later time in Ireland, to enter into open rebellion, taking arms and coming into the field against her Majesty and her Lieutenants, with their forces under banners displayed, inducing by notable untruths many simple people to follow & assist them in their traitorous actions. And though it is very well known, that both their intentions and manifest actions were bend, to have deposed the Queen's Majesty from her Crown, and to have traitorously set in her place some other whom they liked, whereby if they had not been speedily resisted, they would have committed great bloodsheddes and slaughters of her majesties faithful subjects, and ruined their native country. Yet by God's power given unto her Majesty, 
The rebels vanquished by the Q. power.  they were so speedily vanquished, as some few of them suffered by order of Law according to their deserts, many and the greatest part upon confession of their faults were pardoned, the rest (but they not many) of the principal, 
Some of the Rebels fled into foreign countries.  escaped into foreign countries, & there because in none or few places rebels and traitors to their natural Princes and countries dare for their treasons challenge at their first muster open comfort or succour, these notable traitors and rebels, have falsely informed many Kings, Princes and States, and specially the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the Pope, (from whom they all had secretly their first comfort to rebel) that the cause of their fleeing from their countries was for the religion of Rome, 
Rebels pretend religion for their defence.  and for maintenance of the said Pope's authority. Whereas divers of them before their rebellion lived so notoriously, the most part of their lives, out of all good rule, either for honest manners, or for any sense in religion, as they might have been rather familiar with Catalyn, or favourers to Sardanapalus, then accounted good subjects under any Christian Princes. As for some examples of the heads of these rebellions, out of England fled Charles Nevil Earl of Westmoreland, a person utterly wasted by looseness of life, & by God's punishment even in the time of his rebellion bereaved of his children that should have succeeded him in the Earldom, and how his body is now eaten with ulcers of lewd causes, all his companions do see, that no enemy he had can wish him a viler punishment. And out of Ireland ran away one Thomas Stukley, a defamed person almost through all Christendom, & a faithless beast rather than a man, fleeing first out of England for notable piracies, and out of Ireland for treacheries not pardonable, which two were the first ringleaders of the rest of the rebels, 
Ringleaders of Rebels, Charles Nevil Earl of Westmoreland, and Thomas Stukley.  the one for England, the other for Ireland. But notwithstanding the notorious evil and wicked lives of these and others their confederates, void of all Christian religion, it liked the Bishop of Rome, as in favour of their treasons, not to colour their offences as themselves openly pretend to do, for avoiding of common shame of the world, but flatly to animate them to continue their former wicked purposes, that is, to take arms against their lawful Queen, to invade her realm with foreign forces, to pursue all her good subjects and their native countries with fire & sword: for maintenance whereof there had some years before, at sundry times, proceeded in a thundering sort, Bulls, excommunications & other public writings, 
The effect of the pope's but against the Queen of England.  denouncing her Majesty being the lawful Queen, and God's anointed servant, not to be the Queen of the realm, charging and upon pains of excommunication commanding all her subjects, to departed from their natural allegiances, whereto by birth and by oath they were bound. Provoking also and authorising all persons of all degrees within both the realms to rebel, and upon this antichristian warrant, being contrary to all the Laws of God and man, & nothing agreeable to a pastoral officer, not only all the rabble of the foresaid traitors that were before fled, but also all other persons that had forsaken their native countries, being of divers conditions and qualities, some not able to live at home but in beggary, some discontented for lack of preferments, which they gaped for unworthily in Universities & other places, some bankrupt Merchants, some in a sort learned to contentions, being not contented to learn to obey the Laws of the land, have many years running up and down, from Country to country, practised some in one corner, 
The practices of the traitors, Rebels, & fugitives to execute the Bull.  some in an other, some with seeking to gather forces and money for forces, some with instigation of Princes by untruths to make war upon their natural country, some with inward practices to murder the GREATEST, some with seditious writings, and very many of late with public infamous libels, full of despiteful vile terms and poisoned lies, altogether to uphold the foresaid antichristian and tyrannous warrant of the Popes Bull. And yet also by some other means, to further these intentions, because they could not readily prevail by way of force, finding foreign Princes of better consideration and not readily inclined to their wicked purposes, 
Seminaries erected to nurse seditious fugitives.  it was devised to erect up certain schools which they called Seminaries, to nourish & bring up persons disposed naturally to sedition, to continue their race and trade, and to become seedmen in their tillage of sedition, & them to send secretly into these the Q. majesties realms of England & Ireland under secret Masks, some of Priesthood, some of other inferior orders, with titles of Seminaries for some of the meaner sort, & of jesuits for the stagers and ranker sort & such like, but yet so warily they crept into the land, as none brought the marks of their priesthood with them, but in divers corners of her majesties Dominions these Seminaries or seedmen and jesuits, bringing with them certain Romish trash, as of their hallowed Wax, their Agnus dei, 
The Seminary fugitives come secretly into the realm to induce the people to obey the Pope's Bull.  many kind of Beads, and such like, have as tillage men laboured secretly to persuade the people to allow of the Pope's foresaid Bulls and warrants, and of his absolute authority over all Princes and Countries, and striking many with pricks of conscience to obey the same, whereby in process of small time, if this wicked and dangerous, traitorous and crafty course had not been by God's goodness espied and stayed, there had followed imminent danger of horrible uproars in the realms, and a manifest bloody destruction of great multitudes of Christians. For it cannot be denied but that so many as should have been induced & thoroughly persuaded to have obeyed that wicked warrant of the Popes, and the contents thereof, should have been forthwith in their hearts and consciences secret traitors, and for to be in deed errant and open traitors, there should have wanted nothing but opportunity to feel their strength and to assemble themselves in such numbers with Armour & weapons, as they might have presumed to have been the greater part, & so by open civil war, to have come to their wicked purposes. But God's goodness by whom Kings do rule, and by whose blast traitors are commonly wasted and confounded, hath otherwise given to her Majesty as to his handmaid and dear servant, ruling under him, the spirit of wisdom and power, 
Sowers of sedition taken, convented, & executed for treason.  whereby she hath caused some of these seditious seedmen and sowers of rebellion, to be discovered for all their secret lurk, and to be taken and charged with these former points of high treason, not being dealt withal upon questions of religion, but justly condemned as traitors. At which times, notwithstanding all manner gentle ways of persuasions used, to move them to desist from such manifest traitorous courses and opinions, yet was the canker of their rebellious humours so deeply entered and graven into the hearts of many of them, as they would not be removed from their traitorous determinations. And therefore as manifest traitors in maintaining and adhering to the capital enemy of her Majesty and her Crown, who hath not only been the cause of two rebellions already passed in England and Ireland, but in that of Ireland did manifestly wage and maintain his own people Captains and Soldiers under the Banner of Rome, against her Majesty (so as no enemy could do more:) These I say have justly suffered death not by force or form of any new laws established, either for religion or against the Pope's supremacy, as the slanderous libelers would have it seem to be, but by the ancient temporal laws of the realm, 
The seditious traitors condemned by the ancient laws of the realm, made 200. years past.  and namely by the laws of Parliament made in King Edward the thirds time, about the year of our Lord .1330. which is above 200. years and more past, when the Bishops of Rome and Popes were suffered to have their authority Ecclesiastical in this realm as they had in many other countries. But yet of this kind of offenders, as many of them, as after their condemnations were contented to renounce their former traitorous assertions, 
Persons condemned, spared from execution, upon refusal of their treasonable opinions.  so many were spared from execution, and do live still at this day, such was the unwillingness in her Majesty to have any blood spilled, without this very urgent just and necessary cause, proceeding from themselves. And yet nevertheless, such of the rest of the traitors as remain in foreign parts, continuing still their rebellious minds, and craftily keeping themselves aloof off from dangers, cease not to provoke sundry other inferior seditious persons, 
The foreign Traitors continue sending of persons to move sedition in the realm.  newly to steal secretly into the realm, to revive the former seditious practices, to the execution of the Pope's foresaid bulls against her Majesty and the Realm, pretending when they are apprehended, that they came only into the realm by the commandment of their superiors, the heads of the jesuits, to whom they are bound (as they say) by oath against either king or country, and here to inform or reform men's consciences from errors in some points of religion, as they shall think meet: but yet in very truth the whole scope of their secret labours is manifestly proved, to be secretly to win all people, with whom they dare deal, so to allow of the Popes said bulls, and of his authority without exception, as in obeying thereof, they take themselves fully discharged of their allegiance, and obedience to their lawful Prince and country, yea, and to be well warranted to take arms to rebel against her Majesty when they shall be thereunto called, and to be ready secretly to join with any foreign force that can be procured to invade the realm, whereof also they have a long time given, and yet do for their advantage, 
The seditious fugitives labour to bring the Realm into a war external & domestical.  no small comfort of success: & so consequently the effect of their labours is to bring the Realm not only into a dangerous war against the forces of strangers (from which it hath been free above xxiii. or xxiiii. years, a case very memorable and hard to be matched with an example of the like:) but into a war domestical and civil, wherein no blood is usually spared, nor mercy yielded, and wherein neither the vanqueror nor the vanquished, have cause of triumph.  
And forasmuch as these are the most evident perils that necessarily should follow, if these kind of vermin were suffered to creep by stealth into the Realm, and to spread their poison within the same, howsoever when they are taken, like hypocrites, they colour and counterfeit the same with profession of devotion in religion: 
The duty of the Queen and all her governors to God & their country, is to repel practices of rebellion.  it is of all persons to be yielded in reason, that her Majesty and all her governors and magistrates of justice, having care to maintain the peace of the Realm (which God hath given in her time, to continue longer than ever in any time of her progenitors) ought of duty to almighty God the author of peace, and according to the natural love and charge due to their country, and for avoiding of the floods of blood, which in Civil wars are seen to run and flow, by all lawful means possible, aswell by the Sword as by Law, in their several seasons to impeach and repel, these so manifest and dangerous colourable practices, and works of sedition and rebellion. And though there are many subjects known in the realm, that differ in some opinions of religion from the Church of England, and that do also not forbear to profess the same, yet in that they do also profess loyalty and obedience to her Majesty▪ 
None charged with capital crimes, being of a cū●●arte religion, and professing to withstand foreign forces  and offer readily in her majesties defence to impugn and resist any foreign force, though it should come or be procured from the Pope himself, none of these sort are for their contrary opinions in religion prosecuted or charged with any crimes or pains of treason, nor yet willingly searched in their consciences for their contrary opinions, that favour not of treason. And of these sorts, there are a number of persons, not of such base and vulgar note as those were which of late have been executed, as in particular, some by name are well known, and not unfit to be remembered. The first and chiefest by office was D. Heth, that was Archbishop of York, and lord Chancellor of England in Queen Mary's time, who at the first coming of her Majesty to the Crown, showing himself a faithful & quiet subject, continued in both the said offices, though in religion then manifestly differing, and yet was he not restrained of his liberty, nor deprived of his proper lands and goods, but leaving willingly both his offices, lived in his own house, and enjoyed all his purchased lands during all his natural life, until by very age he departed this world, and then left his house & living to his friends: an example of gentleness never matched in Queen Mary's time. The like did one D. Pool that had been Bishop of Peterborough, an ancient grave person, and a very quiet subject. There were also others that had been Bishops and in great estimation, 
Names of divers Ecclesiastical people professing contrary religion, never charged which capital crunes.  as D. Tunstall Bishop of Duresme, a person also of very quiet behaviour. There were also other, D. White and D. Oglethorpe, one of Winchester, the other of Carlisle, Bishops: and D. Thurleby, and D. Watson yet living, one of Ely, the other of Lincoln, Bishops: not pressed with any capital pain, though they maintained the Pope's authority against the laws of the realm: and some Abbots, as M. Fecknam yet living, a person also of quiet & courteous behaviour for a great time. Some also were Deans, as D. Boxall Deane of Windsor, a person of great modesty and knowledge: D. Cole Deane of Paul's, a person more earnest than wise: D. Reinolds Deane of Exeter, and many such others having borne office and dignities in the Church, and had made profession against the Pope, which they began in Queen Mary's time to change, yet were they never to this day burdened with capital peanes, nor yet deprived of any their goods or proper livelihoods, but only removed from their Ecclesiastical offices, which they would not exercise according to the Laws. And most of them for a great time were retained in Bishop's houses in very civil and courteous manner, without charge to themselves or their friends, until the time that the Pope began by his Bulls and messages, to offer trouble to the realm by stirring of rebellion: about which time only, some of these aforenamed being found busier in matters of state tending to stir troubles, than was meet for the common quiet of the Realm, were removed to other more private places, where such other wanderers as were men known to move sedition, might be restrained from common resorting to them to increase trouble, as the Pope's Bull gave manifest occasion: and yet without charging them in their consciences or otherwise, by any inquisition to bring them into danger of any capital law, so as no one was called to any capital or bloody question upon matters of religion, but have all enjoyed their life as the course of nature would: and such of them as yet remain, may, if they will not be authors or instruments of rebellion or sedition, enjoy the time that GOD and nature shall yield them without danger of life or member. And yet it is worthy to be well marked, 
〈…〉 s●r●●s o●● same, 〈…〉 and writings.  that the chiefest of all these and the most of them, had in the time of King Henry the eight and King Edward the sixth, either by preaching, writing, reading or arguing, taught all people to condemn and abhor the authority of the Pope: yea they had many times given their oaths publicly, against the Pope's authority, and had also yielded to both the said Kings the title of supreme head of the Church of England next under Christ, which title the adversaries do most falsely write and affirm, that the Queen's Majesty doth now use: a manifest lie and untruth. And for proof that these foresaid Bishops and learned men had so long time disavowed the Pope's authority, many of their books & sermons against the Pope's authority remain printed to be seen in these times, to their great shame and reproof to change so often, and specially in persecuting such as themselves have taught and established to hold the contrary.  

A great number of lay people of livelihood, being of a contrary religion, never charged with capital crime.  There were also and yet be a great number of others, being lay men of good possessions and lands, men of good credit in their countries, manifestly of late time seduced to hold contrary opinions in religion for the Pope's authority, and yet none of them have been sought hitherto to be impeached in any point or quarrel of treason, or of loss of life, member or inheritance, so as it may plainly appear, that it is not, nor hath been for contrarious opinions in religion, or for the Pope's authority, as the adversaries do boldly and falsely publish, that any persons have suffered death since her majesties reign, and yet some of these sort are well known to hold opinion, that the Pope ought by authority of God's word to be supreme and only head of the Catholic Church, and only to rule in all causes Ecclesiastical, and that the Queen's Majesty ought not to be the governor over all her subjects in her realm being persons Ecclesiastical: which opinions are nevertheless in some part by the laws of the realm punishable in some degrees, & yet for none of these points have any people been prosecuted with the charge of treason, 
No person charged with capital crime for the only in●●●●enance of the Pope's supremacy.  or in danger of life. And if then it be inquired, for what cause these others have of late suffered death, it is truly to be answered as afore is often remembered, that none at all are impeached for treason to the danger of their life, but such as do obstinately maintain the contents of the Pope's Bull afore mentioned, which do import, that her Majesty is not the lawful Queen of England, the first and highest point of treason: 
Such condemned only for treason, as maintain the effects of the Pope's bull against her Majesty and the realm.  & that all her subjects are discharged of their oaths and obedience, mother high point of treason: and all warranted to disobey her and her laws, a third and a very large point of treason. And thereto is to be added a fourth point most manifest, in that they would not disallow the Pope's hostile proceed in open wars against her Majesty in her realm of Ireland, where one of their company D. Sanders, a lewd scholar and subject of England, a fugitive & a principal companion and conspirator with the traitors and rebels at Rome, was by the Pope's special commission a commander, as in form of a Legate, and sometime a treasurer or paymaster for those wars, which D. Sanders in his book of his Church monarchy, 
D. Sanders maintenance of the Popes Bull.  did afore his passing into Ireland openly by writing, gloriously avow the foresaid Bull of Pius Quintus against her Majesty, to be lawful, and affirmeth that by virtue thereof one D. Mooreton, an old English fugitive and conspirator, was sent from Rome into the North parts of England, to stir up the first rebellion there, whereof Charles Nevil the late Earl of Westmoreland was a head captain. And thereby it may manifestly appear to all men, how this Bull was the ground of the rebellions both in England and Ireland, and how for maintenance thereof, and for sowing of sedition by warrant and allowance of the same, these persons were justly condemned of treason, 
The persons that suffered death, were condemned for Treason & not for Religion.  and lawfully executed by the ancient laws temporal of the Realm, without any other matter then for their practises and conspiracies both abroad and at home against the Queen and the realm, and for maintaining of the Pope's foresaid authority and Bull, published to deprive her Majesty of her crown, and for withdrawing and reconciling of her subjects from their natural allegiance due to her Majesty and to their country, and for moving them to sedition: & for no other causes or questions of religion were these persons condemned, although true it is, that when they were charged and convinced of these points of conspiracies and treasons, they would still in their answers colourably pretend their actions to have been for religion: but in deed and truth they were manifest for the procurement and maintenance of the rebellions and wars against her Majesty and her realm.  
And herein is now the manifest diversity to be seen and well considered betwixt the truth of her majesties actions, and the falsehood of the blasphemous adversaries: that where the factious party of the Pope the principal author of the invasions of her majesties dominions, do falsely allege, that a number of persons, whom they term as Martyrs, have died for defence of the catholic religion, the same in very truth may manifestly appear to have died (if they so will have it) as martyrs for the Pope, and traitors against their sovereign and Queen in adhering to him, 
A full full proof that the maintainers of the bull are directly guilty of treason.  being the notable and only open hostile enemy in all actions of war against her Majesty, her kingdoms and people: and that this is the meaning of all these that have so obstinately maintained the authority and contents of this Bull, the very words of the Bull do declare in this sort, as D. Sanders reporteth them.  
Plus Quintus Pontifex Maximus, de Apostolicae potestatis plenitudine, declaravit Elizabetham praetenso Regni iure, necnon omni & quocunque dominio, dignitate, privilegioque privatam: Itemque Proceres, subditos & populos dicti regni, ac caeteros omnes qui illi quomodocunque iuraverunt, à juramento huiusmodi ac omni fidelitatis debito, perpetuò absolutos: That is to say, Pius Quintus the greatest Bishop, of the fullness of the Apostolic power, declared Elizabeth to be bereaved or deprived of her pretended right of her kingdom, and also of all and whatsoever dominion, dignity & privilege: and also the Nobles, subjects & people of the said kingdom, and all others which had sworn to her any manner of ways, to be absolved for ever from such oath and from all debt or duty of fealty, and so forth, with many threatening cursings, to all that durst obey her or her laws. And for execution hereof, to prove, that the effect of the Pope's bull & message was a flat rebellion, it is not amiss to hear what D. Sanders the Pope's firebrand in Ireland also writeth in his visible Church Monarchy, which is thus. Pius Quintus Pontifex Maximus, 
D. Mortons' secret embassage from Rome to stir the rebellion in the North.  Anno D. 1569. reverendum praesbyterum Nicolaum Mortonum Anglum in Angliam misit, ut certis illustribus viris authoritate Apostolica denunciaret, Elizabetham quae tunc rerum potiebatur, haereticam esse: ob eamque causam, omni Dominio & potestate excedisse, impuneque ab illis velut ethnicam haberi posse, nec eos illius legibus aut mandatis deinceps obedire cogi: That is to say, Pius Quintus the greatest Bishop, in the year of our Lord 1569. sent the reverend priest Nicolas Morto an Englishman into England, that he should denounce or declare by the Apostolic authority to certain noble men, Elizabeth, who then was in possession, to be an heretic: & for the cause, to have fallen from all dominion & power, & that she may be had or reputed of them as an Ethnic, and that they are not to be compelled to obey her laws or commandments, etc.  
Thus you see an Ambassade of rebellion from the Pope's holiness, the Ambassador an old doting English Priest a fugitive and conspirator, sent as he saith to some noble men, and those were the two Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland, heads of the rebellion.  
And after this, he followeth to declare the success thereof which I dare say he was sorry it was so evil, which these words.  
Qua denuntiatione multinobiles viri adducti sunt, ut de fratribus liberandis cogitare auderent, ac sperabant illi quidem Catholicos omnes summis viribus affuturos esse: verum etsialiter quàm illi expectabant res evenit, quià Catholici omnes nondum probè cognoverant, Elizabetham hereticam esse declaratam, tamen laudanda illorum Nobilium consilia erant: that is, By which denunciation, many noble men were induced or led, that they were boldened to think of the freeing of their brethren, and they hoped certainly that all the Catholics would have assisted them with all their strength: but although the matter happened otherwise then they hoped for, because all the Catholics knew not that Elizabeth was declared to be an heretic, yet the counsels & intentes of those noble men were to be praised. A rebellion and a vanquishing of rebels very smoothly described.  
This noble fact here mentioned was the rebellion in the North: the noble men were the Earls of Westmoreland and Northumberland: the lack of the event or success was that the traitors were vanquished, and the Queen's Majesty and her subjects had by God's ordinance the victory: and the cause why the rebels prevailed not, was because all the Catholics had not been duly informed that the Queen's Majesty was declared to be (as they term it) an heretic: which want of information, to the intent to make the rebels mightier in number and power, was diligently and cunningly supplied by the sending into the realm of a great multitude of the Seminaries & jesuits, whose special charge was to inform the people thereof, as by their actions hath manifestly appeared.  
And though D. Sanders hath thus written, yet it may be said by such as favoured the two notable jesuits, one named Robert Persons (who yet hideth himself in corners to continue his Traitorous practice) the other named Edmond Campion (that was found out being disguised like a roister and suffered for his Treasons) that D. Sanders treason is his proper treason in allowing of the said bull, but not to be imputed to Persons and Campion. 
Persons & Campion are offenders as D. Sanders is, for allowance of the Bull.  Therefore to make it plain that these two by special authority had charge to execute the sentence of this bull, these acts in writing following shall make manifest, which are not feigned or imagined, but are the very writings taken about one of their complices, immediately after Campions' death.  

Facultates concessae pp. Roberto Personio & Edmundo Campiano, pro Anglia, die 14. Aprilis. 1580.  
PEtatur a summo Domino nostro, explicatio Bullae declaratoriae per Pium Quintum contra Elizabetham & ei adhaerentes, quam catholici cupiunt intelligi hoc modo, ut obliget semper illam et haereticos, catholicos vero nullo modo obliget rebus sic stantibus, sed tum demum quando publica eiusdem bullae executio fieri poterit. Then followed many other petitions of faculties for their further authorities, which are not needful for this purpose to be recited: but in the end followeth this sentence as an answer of the Popes, Has praedictas gratias concessit Summus pontifex patri Roberto Personio, & Edmundo Campiano in Angliam profecturis, die 14. Aprilis. 1580. present patre Oliverio Manarco assistente. The english of which latten sentences is, as followeth.   

Faculties granted to the two fathers Robert Persons and Edmond Campion for England, the 14. day of April. 1580.  

Faculties granted to People & Campion by Pope Gregory 13. anno 1580.  LEt it be asked or required of our most holy Lord, the explication or meaning of the bull declaratory made by Pius the fifth against Elizabeth, and such as do adhere or obey her, which bull the catholics desire to be understand in this manner, that the same bull shall always bind her and the heretics, but the Catholics it shall by no means bind, as matters or things do now stand or be, but hereafter, when the public execution of that bull may be had or made.  
Then in the end the conclusion was thus added.  
The highest pontiff or Bishop, granted these foresaid graces to father Robert Persons and Edmonde Campion, who are now to take their journeys into England, the fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord. 1580. Being present, the father Oliverius Manarke assistant.   
Hereby is it manifest, what authority Campion had to impart the contents of the Bull against the Queen's Majesty, howsoever he himself denied the same.  
And though it be manifest that these two jesuits, Persons and Campion, not only required to have the Pope's mind declared for the Bull, but also in their own petitions, showed how they and other Catholics did desire to have the said Bull to be understand against the Queen of England: yet to make the matter more plain how all other jesuits and Seminaries, yea how all Papists naming themselves Catholics, do and are warranted to interpret the said Bull against her Majesty and her good subjects, you shall see what one of their fellows, named heart, who was condemned with Campion, did amongst many other things declare his knowledge thereof the last of December in the same year .1580. in these words following.  
The Bull of Pius Quintus (for so much as it is against the Queen) is holden among the English Catholics for a lawful sentence, 
Heart's confession of the interpretation of the Bull of Pius Quintus.  and a sufficient discharge of her subjects fidelity, & so remaineth in force, but in some points touching the subjects, it is altered by the present Pope. For where in that Bull all her subjects are commanded not to obey her, and she being excommunicate and deposed, all that do obey her are likewise innodate and accursed, which point is perilous to the Catholics: for if they obey her, they be in the Pope's curse, and they disobey her, they are in the Queen's danger: therefore the present Pope to relieve them hath altered that part of the Bull, and dispensed with them to obey and serve her, without peril of excommunication: which dispensation is to endure but till it please the Pope otherwise to determine.  
Wherefore to make some conclusion of the matters before mentioned, 
A conclusion that all the infamous books against the Queen & the realm, are false.  all persons both within the realm and abroad, may plainly perceive that all the infamous libels lately published abroad in sundry languages, and the slanderous reports made in other Prince's courts of a multitude of persons, to have been of late put to torments and death only for profession of the Catholic religion, and not for matters of state against the Queen's Majesty, are false and shameless, and published to the maintenance of traitors and rebels. And to make the matter seem more horrible or lamentable, they recite the particular names of all the persons, which by their own Catalogue exceed not for these twenty five years space, above the number of three score, 
Difference of the small numbers that have been executed in the space of xxv. years, from the great numbers in v. years of Queen Maries saigne.  forgetting or rather with their stony and senseless hearts not regarding, in what cruel sort in the time of Queen Marie, which little exceeded the space of five years, the Queen's majesties reign being five times as many, there were by imprisonment, torments, famine and fire, of men, women, maidens and children, almost the number of four hundred: and of that number, above twenty that had been Archbishops, Bishops, and principal Prelates or Officers in the Church lamentably destroyed, and of women above three score, and of children above forty, and amongst the women, some great with child, out of whose bodies the child, by fire was expelled alive, and yet also cruelly burned: examples beyond all heathen cruelty. And most of the youth that then suffered cruel death, both men, women, and children (which is to be noted) were such, as had never by the Sacrament of baptism, or by confirmation, professed, nor was ever taught or instructed, or ever had heard of any other kind of religion, but only of that which by their blood and death in the fire they did as true Martyrs testify. A matter of another sort to be lamented with simplicity of words, and not with puffed eloquence, than the execution in this time of a very few Traitors, who also in their time, if they exceeded thirty years of age, had in their baptism professed, and in their youth had learned the same religion which they now so bitterly oppugned. And beside that, in their opinions they differ much from the Martyrs of Queen Mary's time: for though they continued in the profession of the religion wherein they were christened, yet they never at their death denied their lawful Queen, nor maintained any of her open and foreign enemies, nor procured any rebellion or Civil war, nor did sow any sedition in secret corners, nor withdrew any subjects from their obedience, as these sworn servants of the Pope have continually done.  
And therefore all these things well considered, there is no doubt, but all good subjects within the realm do manifestly see, and all wavering persons (not being led clean out of the way by the seditious) will hereafter perceive, how they have been abused to go astray. And all strangers, but specially all Christian Potentates, 
An advertisement to all Princes of countries abroad.  as Emperors, Kings, Princes and such like, having their sovereign estates, either in succession hereditary, or by consent of their people, being acquainted with the very truth of these her majesties late just and necessary actions, only for defence of herself, her crown, and people, against open invaders, and for eschewing of civil wars, stirred up by rebellion, will allow in their own like cases, for a truth and rule (as it is not to be doubted but they will) that it belongeth not to a Bishop of Rome as successor of Saint Peter, and therein a pastor spiritual, or if he were the Bishop of all Christendom, as by the name of Pope he claimeth, first by his Bulls or excommunications, in this sort at his will in favour of traitors and rebels, to depose any sovereign Princes, being lawfully invested in their Crowns by succession in blood, or by lawful election, and then to arm subjects against their natural Lords, to make wars, and to dispense with them for their oaths in so doing, or to excommunicate faithful subjects, for obeying of their natural Princes, and lastly himself to make open war, with his own soldiers, against Princes moving no force against him.  
For if these powers should be permitted to him to exercise, than should no Empire, no kingdom, no country, no City or Town, be possessed by any lawful title, longer than one such only an earthly man, sitting (as he saith) in S. Peter's chair at Rome, should for his will and appetite (without warrant from God or man) think meet and determine: 
The authority claimed by the Pope not warranted by Christ, or by the two Apostles, Peter and Paul.  An authority never challenged by the Lord of lords the son of God, jesus Christ out only Lord and Saviour, and the only head of his Church, whilst he was in his humanity upon the earth, nor yet delivered by any writing or certain tradition from Saint Peter, from whom the Pope pretendeth to derive all his authority, nor yet from Saint Paul the Apostle of the Gentiles, but contrariwise by all preachings, precepts & writings, contained in the Gospel and other Scriptures of the Apostles, obedience is expressly commanded to all earthly Princes, yea, even to Kings by special name, and that so generally, as no person is excepted from such duty of obedience, as by the sentence of Saint Paul even to the Romans, appeareth, Omnis anima sublimioribus potestatibus sit subdita, That is, Let every soul be subject to the higher powers: within the compass of which law or precept, Saint chrysostom being Bishop of Constantinople, writeth, that even Apostles, Prophets, Evangelists, and Monks are comprehended. And for proof of Saint Peter's mind herein, from whom these Pope's claim their authority, it can not be plain expressed, then when he writeth thus: Proinde subiecti estote cuivis humanae ordinationi, propter Dominum, sive Regi, ut qui superemineat, sive presidibus ab eo missis: That is, Therefore be you subject to every human ordinance or creature, for the Lord, whether it be to the King, as to him that is supereminent, or above the rest, or to his precedents sent by him. By which two principal Apostles of Christ, these Pope's the pretenced successors, but chiefly by that which Christ the Son of God the only Master of truth said to Peter and his fellow Apostles, Reges gentium dominantur, vos autem non sic, That is, The Kings of the Gentiles have rule over them, but you not so, may learn to forsake their arrogant and tyrannous authorities in earthly and temporal causes over Kings and Princes, and exercise their Pastoral office, as Saint Peter was charged thrice at one time by his Lord and Master, Pasce oves meas, Feed my sheep, and peremptorily forbidden to use a sword, in saying to him, Convert gladium tuum in locum suum, or, mitte gladium tuum in vaginam, that is, Turn thy sword into his place: or, Put thy sword into the scabbard. All which precepts of Christ and his Apostles, were duly followed and observed many hundred years after their death, by the faithful and godly Bishops of Rome, that duly followed the doctrine and humility of the Apostles, and the doctrine of Christ, & thereby dilated the limits of Christ's Church and the faith, more in the compass of an hundred years, 
Pope Hildebrand the first that made war against the Emperor. An. Do. 1074.  than the latter Popes have done with their sword and curses these 500 years, and so continued until the time of one Pope Hildebrand, otherwise called Gregory theseventh, about the year of our Lord, 1074. who first began to usurp that kind of Tyranny, which of late the Pope called Pius Quintus, and since that time, Gregory now the thirteenth hath followed, for some example as it seemeth, that is: Where Gregory the seventh, in the year of our Lord 1074. or thereabout, presumed to depose Henry the fourth, a noble Emperor then being, Gregory the thirteenth now at this time, would attempt the like against King Henry the eights daughter & heir, Queen Elizabeth, a sovereign Queen, holding her Crown immediately of God. And to the end it may appear to Princes, or to their good counsellors in one example, what was the fortunate success that God gave to this good Christian Emperor Henry against the proud pope Hildebrand, it is to be noted, that when the pope Gregory attempted to depose this noble Emperor Henry, there was one Rodulphe a noble man, by some named the Count of Reenfield, that by the Pope's procurement, usurped the name of the Emperor, who was overcome by the said Henry the lawful Emperor, and in fight having lost his right hand, 
The judgement of God against the Pope's false erected Emperor.  he, the said Rodulphe, lamented his case to certain Bishops, who in the pope's name had erected him up, and to them he said, that the self same right hand which he had lost, was the same hand wherewith he had before sworn obedience to his Lord and master the Emperor Henry, and that in following their ungodly counsels, he had brought upon him God's heavy and just judgements. And so Henry the Emperor prevailing by God's power, 
Pope Gregory the seven. deposed by Henry the 4.  caused Gregory the pope by a Synod in Italy to be deposed, as in like times before him his predecessor Otho the Emperor, had deposed one pope john for many heinous crimes: and so were also within a short time, three other pope's, namely, Silvester, Bennet, and Gregory the sixth, used by the Emperor Henry the third, about the year of our Lord 1047. for their like presumptuous attempts in temporal actions against the said Emperors. Many other examples might be showed to the emperors majesty, 
Henry. 5. Fredrick. 1 Fredrick. 2 jews of Bavar, Emperors  and the Princes of the holy Empire now being, after the time of Henry the fourth: as of Henry the fifth, and after him, of Frederick the first, and Frederick the second, and then of Lewis of Bavar, all Emperors, cruelly and tyrannously persecuted by the pope's, and by their bulls, curses, and by open wars, and likewise to many other the great Kings and monarchs of Christendom, of their noble progenitors, Kings of their several dominions: whereby they may see how this kind of tyrannous authority in pope's to make wars upon Emperors and Kings, and to command them to be deprived, took hold at the first by pope Hildebrande, though the same never had any lawful example or warrant from the Laws of God of the old or new Testament, but yet the successes of their tyrannies were by God's goodness for the most part made frustrate, as by God's goodness there is no doubt, but the like will follow to their confusions at all times to come.  
And therefore, as there is no doubt, but the like violent tyrannous proceed by any Pope in maintenance of traitors and rebels, would be withstood by every Sovereign Prince in Christendom in defence of their persons and Crowns, and maintenance of their subjects in peace: so is there at this present a like just cause that the emperors Majesty, with the Princes of the holy Empire, and all other Sovereign Kings and Princes in Christendom, 
Whatsoever is lawful for other princes Sovereigns, is lawful for the Queen & crown of England  should judge the same to be lawful for her Majesty being a Queen, and holding the very place of a King and a Prince sovereign over divers kingdoms and nations, she being also most lawfully invested in her Crown, and as for good governing of her people, with such applause and general allowance, loved, and obeyed of them, saving a few ragged Traitors or rebels, or persons discontented, whereof no other Realm is free as continually for these xxv. years past hath been notably seen and so publicly marked, even by strangers repairing into this Realm, as it were no cause of disgrace to any Monarchy and King in Christendom to have her majesties felicity compared with any of theirs whatsoever: and it may be, there are many Kings and Princes could be well contented with the fruition of some proportion of her felicity. And though the Popes be now suffered by the Emperor, in the lands of his own peculiar patrimony, and by the two great monarchs the French King and the King of Spain, in their dominions and territories (although by other Kings not so allowed) to continue his authority in sundry cases, 
The title of universal Bishop is a preamble of Antichrist.  and his glorious title to be the universal Bishop of the world, which title Gregory the great above nine hundredth years past, called a profane title, full of sacrilege, and a preamble of Antichrist: yet in all their dominions and kingdoms, as also in the Realm of England, most notably by many ancient Laws it is well known, how many ways the tyrannous power of this his excessive authority hath been and still is restrained, checked and limited by laws and pragmatiques, both ancient and new: a very large field for the Lawyers of those countries to walk in and discourse. And howsoever the Popes Cannonistes being as his Bombarders, do make his excommunications and curses appear fearful to the multitude and simple people: yet all great Emperors and Kings aforetime, in their own cases, of their rights and royal pre-eminences, though the same concerned but a City or a poor Town, and sometime but the not allowance of some unworthy person to a Bishopric or to an Abbey, never refrained to despise all Pope's curses or forces, but attempted always, either by their sword to compel them to desist from their furious actions, or without any fear of themselves, in body, soul, or conscience, stoutly to withstand their curses, and that sometime by force, sometime by Ordinances and Laws: the ancient histories whereof are too many to be repeated, and of none more frequent and effectual then of the kings of France. But leaving those that are ancient, we may remember how in this our own present or late age, it hath been manifestly seen, how the army of the late noble Emperor Charles the fift, father to King Philippe that now reigneth, was not afraid of his curses, when in the year of our Lord 1527. Rome itself was besieged and sacked, and the Pope then called Clement, 
1527. Rome sacked, and the Pope Clement taken prisoner by the emperors army.  and his Cardinals, to the number of about 33. in his mount Adrian or castle S. Angelo, taken prisoners and detained seven months or more, and after ransomed by Don Vgo di Moncada a spaniard, and the Marquis of Grasto, at above four hundred M. ducats, besides the ransoms of his Cardinals which was very great, having not long before time been also notwithstanding his curses, besieged in the same Castle by the family of the Colonies and their fautors his next neighbours being then Imperialistes', and forced to yield to all their demands. Neither did King Henry the second of France, 
1550. King Henry the second of France his Edicts against the Pope and his courts of Rome.  father to Henry now King of France, about the year 1550. fear or regard the Pope or his court of Rome, when he made several strait edicts against many parts of the Pope's claims in prejudice of the crown & clergy of France, retracting the authority of the court of Rome, greatly to the hindrance of the Pope's former profits. Neither was the army of king Philip now of Spain, 
The besieging of Rome and the Pope by the D. of Alva with King Philip's army.  whereof the Duke of Alva was general, stricken with any fear of cursing, when it was brought afore Rome against the pope, in the year of our Lord 1555. where great destruction was made by the said army, and all the delicate buildings, gardens and orchards next to Rome walls overthrown, wherewith his holiness was more terrified, than he was able to remove with any his curses. Neither was Queen Mary the Queen's majesties late sister, a person not a little devoted to the Roman religion, so afraid of the pope's cursings, but that both she and her whole counsel, and that with the assent of all the judges of the realm, according to the ancient laws, in favour of Cardinal Poole her kinsman, did forbid the entry of his bulls, and of a Cardinal hat at Calais, that was sent from the pope for one Friar peyto, whom the pope had assigned to be a Cardinal in disgrace of Cardinal Poole, neither did Cardinal Poole himself at the same time obey the pope's commandments, nor showed himself afraid, being assisted by the Queen, when the pope did threaten him with pain of excommunication, but did still oppose himself against the pope's commandment for the said pretended Cardinal Peyto: who notwithstanding all the threatenings of the pope, 
D. Peyto a begging Friar.  was forced to go up and down in the streets of London like a begging Friar: a stout resistance in a Queen for a poor Cardinal's hat, wherein she followed the example of her Grandfather King Henry the seven. for a matter of Alum. So as howsoever the christian kings for some respects in policy can endure the pope to command where no harm nor disadvantage groweth to themselves, yet sure it is, 
The kings of Christendom never suffer the Popes to abridge their titles or rights, though they suffer them to have rule over their people.  and the pope's are not ignorant, but where they shall in any sort attempt to take from christian princes any part of their dominions, or shall give aid to their enemies, or to any other their rebels, in those cases, their Bulls, their curses, their excommunications, their sentences & most solemn Anathematicals, no nor their cross keys, or double edged sword, will serve their turns to compass their intentions.  
And now, where the pope hath manifestly by his bulls and excommunications attempted as much as he could, to deprive her Majesty of her kingdoms, to withdraw from her the obedience of her subjects, to procure rebellions in her realms, yea, to make both rebellions and open wars, with his own captains, soldiers, banners, ensigns, and all other things belonging to war: shall this pope, or any other pope after him, think that a sovereign Queen, possessed of the two realms of England & Ireland, established so many years in her kingdoms as three or four pope's have sit in their chair at Rome, fortified with so much duty, love and strength of her subjects, acknowledging no superior over her realms, but the mighty hand of God: shall she forbear, or fear to withstand and make frustrate his unlawful attempts, 
The Queen or England may not suffer the Pope by any means to make Rebellions in her Realm.  either by her sword or by her laws, or to put his soldiers invaders of her realm to the sword martially, or to execute her laws upon her own rebellious subjects civilly, that are proved to be his chief instruments for rebellion, and for his open war? This is sure, that howsoever either he sitting in his chair with a triple crown at Rome, or any other his proctor's in any part of Christendom, shall renew these unlawful attempts, almighty God, whom her Majesty only honoureth and acknowledgeth to be her only sovereign Lord and protector, and whose laws & gospel of his son jesus Christ she seeketh to defend, will no doubt but deliver sufficient power into his maidens hand his servant Queen Elizabeth, to withstand and confound them all.  
And where the seditious trumpeters of infamies and lies, 
Additaments to the Pope's martyrologue.  have sounded forth and entitled certain that have suffered for treason, to be martyrs for religion: so may they also at this time if they list, add to their forged catalogue, the headless body of the late miserable Earl of Desmond, who of late, secretly wandering without succour, as a miserable beggar, was taken by one of the Irishry in his cabin, and in an Irish sort after his own accustomed savage manner, his head cut off from his body: an end due to such an archrebel. And herewith to remember the end of his chief confederates, may be noted for example to others, the strange manner of the death of D. Sanders the pope's Irish legate, who also wandering in the mountains in Ireland without succour, died raving in a frenzy. And before him, one james Fits-Morice the first Traitor of Ireland next to Stukely the rakehell, a man not unknown in the pope's palace for a wicked crafty traitor, 

The ferang ends of james earl of Desmond. D. Saunders.  
james Fitzmorice.  
john of Desmond.   was slain at one blow by an Irish noble young Gentleman, in defence of his father's country which the traitor sought to burn. A fourth man of singular note was john of Desmonde, brother to the Earl, a very bloody faithless traitor, and a notable murderer of his familiar friends, who also wandering to seek some prey like a wolf in the woods, was taken & beheaded after his own usage, being as he thought sufficiently armed with the pope's Bulls & certain Agnus dei, & one notable ring about his neck sent from the pope's finger (as it was said:) but these he saw saved not his life. And such were the fatal ends of all these, being the principal heads of the Irish war & rebellion, so as no one person remaineth at this day in Ireland a known traitor. To this number, they may if they seek number, also add a furious young man of Warwickshire, 
john somervile  by name somervile, to increase their Calendar of the pope's martyrs, who of late was discovered and taken in his way, coming which a full intent to have killed her Majesty (whose life God always have in his custody.) The attempt not denied by the traitor himself, but confessed, and that he was moved thereto in his wicked spirit, by enticements of certain seditious & traitorous persons his kinsmen and allies, and also by often reading of sundry seditious vile books lately published against her Majesty. But as God of his goodness hath of long time hitherto preserved her Majesty from these and the like treacheries: so hath she no cause to fear being under his protection, she saying with king David in the Psalm, My God is my helper and I will trust in him, he is my protection, and the strength or the power of my salvation. And for the comfort of all good subjects against the shadows of the pope's Bulls, it is manifest to the world, that from the beginning of her majesties reign, by God's singular goodness, her kingdom hath enjoyed more universal peace, 
The prosperity or England, during the Pope's curses.  her people increased in more numbers, in more strength, and with greater riches, the earth of her kingdoms hath yielded more fruits, and generally all kind of worldly felicity hath more abounded since and during the time of the pope's thunders, bulls, curses and maledictions, then in any other long times before, when the pope's pardons and blessings came yearly into the Realm: so as his curses and maledictions have turned back to himself and his fautors, that it may be said to the fortunate Queen of England & her people, as was said in Deuteronomy of Balaam, The Lord thy God would not hear Balaam, but did turn his maledictions or curses into benedictions or blessings: the reason is, for because thy God loved thee.  
Although these former reasons are sufficient to persuade all kind of reasonable persons to allow of her majesties actions to be good, reasonable, lawful and necessary: yet because it may be, that such as have by frequent reading of false artificial libels, and by giving credit to them, upon a prejudice or forejudgement afore grounded, by their rooted opinions in favour of the pope, will rest unsatisfied: therefore as much as may be, to satisfy all persons as far forth as common reason may warrant, that her majesties late action in executing of certain seditious traitors, hath not proceeded for the holding of opinions, either for the pope's supremacy, or against her majesties regality, but for the very crimes of sedition & treason, it shall suffice briefly, 
Reasons to persuade by reason the favourers of the Pope, that none hath been executed for religion but for treason. The first reason.  in a manner of a repetition of the former reasons, to remember these things following.  
First, it cannot be denied, but that her Majesty did for many years, suffer quietly the pope's bulls & excommunications without punishment of the fautors thereof, accounting of them but as of words or wind, or of writings in parchment weighed down with lead, or as of water bubbles, commonly called in Latin Bullae and such like: but yet after some proof that courage was taken thereof by some bold and bad subjects, she could not but then esteem them to be very preambles, or as forerunners of greater danger: and therefore, with what reason could any mislike, that her Majesty did for a bare defence against them, without other action or force, use the help of reviving of former laws, to prohibit the publication or execution of such kind of Bulls within her Realm?  

The second reason.  Secondly, when notwithstanding the prohibition by her laws, the same bulls were plentifully (but in secret sort) brought into the realm, 
The Bull of Pius Quintus let up at Paul's.  & at length arrogantly set upon the gates of the Bishop of London's palace near to the Cathedral Church of Paul's, the principal city of the realm, by a lewd person, using the same like a herald sent from the pope: who can in any common reason mislike, that her Majesty finding this kind of denunciation of war, as a defiance to be made in her principal city by one of her subjects, avowing and obstinately maintaining the same, should according to justice, cause the offender to have the reward due to such a fact? and this was the first action of any capital punishment inflicted for matter sent from Rome to move rebellion, 
The first punishment for the Bull.  which was after her Majesty had reigned about the space of twelve years or more.  

The third reason.  Thirdly, when the pope had risen up out of his chair in his wrath, from words and writings to actions, and had contrary to the advise given by S. Barnard to his predecessor, that is, when by his messages he left Verbum & took ferrum, that is, left to feed by the word, and began to strike with the sword, and stirred her noble men & people directly to disobedience and to open rebellion, 
Rebellion in the North.  and that her lewd subjects by his commandment had executed the same with all the forces which they could make or bring into the field who with common reason can disallow that her Majesty used her Principal authority, and by her forces lawful subdued rebels forces unlawful, and punished the authors thereof no otherwise then the pope himself useth to do with his own rebellious subjects, in the Patrimony of his church? And if any Prince of people in the world, would otherwise neglect his office, and suffer his rebels to have their wills, none ought to pity him, if for want of resistance and courage, he lost both his Crown, his head, his life & his kingdom.  
Fourthly, 
The fourth reason.  when her Majesty beheld a further increase of the pope's malice, notwithstanding that the first rebellion was in her North parts vanquished, in that he entertained abroad out of this Realm, the traitors & rebels that fled for the rebellion, and all the rabble of other the fugitives of the Realm, and that he sent a number of the same in sorts disguised into both the Realms of England and Ireland, who there secretly alured her people to new rebellions, and at the same time spared not his charges to send also out of Italy by sea, certain ships with Captains of his own, with their bands of soldiers, 
The invasion of Ireland by the Pope.  furnished with treasure, munition, victuals, ensigns, banners, and all other things requisite to the war, into her Realm of Ireland, where the same forces with other auxilliar companies out of Spain landed, and fortified themselves very strongly in the seaside, and proclaimed open war, erecting the pope's banner against her Majesty: may it be now asked of these persons, favourers of the Romish authority, what in reason should have been done by her Majesty otherwise, than first to apprehend all such fugitives so stolen into the Realm, and dispersed in disguising habits to sow sedition, as some Priests in their secret profession, but all in their apparel, as roisters or ruffians, some scholars, like to the basest common people, and them to commit to prisons, and upon their examinations of their trades and haunts, to convince them of their conspiracies abroad, by testimony of their own companions, and of sowing sedition secretly at home in the Realm? What may be reasonably thought was meet to be done with such seditious persons, but by the laws of the Realm to try, condemn and execute them? and specially having regard to the dangerous time, when the pope's forces were in the Realm of Ireland, and more in preparation to follow as well into England as into Ireland, to the resistance whereof, her Majesty and her Realm was forced to be at greater charges, than ever she had been, since she was Queen thereof. And so by God's power, which he gave to her on the one part, she did by her laws suppress the seditious stirrers of rebellion in her Realm of England, 
The Pope's forces vanquished in Ireland.  and by her sword vanquished all the pope's forces in her Realm of Ireland, excepting certain captains of mark that were saved from the sword, as persons that did renounce their quarrel, & seemed to curse or to blame such as sent them to so unfortunate & desperate a voyage.  
But though these reasons, grounded upon rules of natural reason, 
The politic adversaries satisfied.  shall satisfy a great number of the adversaries (who will yield that by good order of civil and christian policy and government, her Majesty could nor can do no less than she hath done, first to subdue with her forces her rebels and traitors, and next by order of her laws to correct the aiders & abettors, & lastly to put also to the sword such forces as the pope sent into her dominions) yet there are certain other persons, more nisely addicted to the pope, 
Objection of the papists, that the persons executed, are but scholars and unarmed.  that will yet seem to be unsatisfied, for that, as they will term the matter, a number of silly poor wretches were put to death as traitors, being but in profession scholars or priests, by the names of seminaries, jesuits or simple schoolmasters, that came not into the Realm with any armour or weapon, by force to aid the rebels & traitors, either in England or in Ireland in their rebellions or wars: of which sort of wretch's the commiseration is made, as though for their contrary opinions in religion, or for teaching of the people to disobey the laws of the Realm, they might have been otherwise punished and corrected, & yet not with capital pain. These kinds of defences, tend only to find faule rather with the severity of their punishments, them to acquit them as Innocents or quiet subjects. But for answer to the better satisfaction of these nyse and scrupulous favourers of traitors, it must be with reason demanded of them (if at least they will open their ears to reason) whether they think that when a King being established in his Realm, hath a rebellion first secretly practised, and afterward openly raised in his Realm by his own seditious subjects, & when by a foreign potentate or enemy, the same rebellion is maintained, and the rebels by messages and promises comforted to continue, 
Many are traitors though they have no armour nor weapon.  and their treasons against their natural prince avowed, & consequently when the same potentate and enemy, being author of the said rebellion, shall with his own proper forces invade the Realm and subjects of the Prince that is so lawfully and peaceably possessed: in these cases, shall no subject favouring these rebels, and yielding obedience to the enemy the invader, be committed or punished as a traitor, but only such of them, as shall be found openly to carry armour and weapon? Shall no subject, that is a spial and an explorer for the rebel or enemy, against his natural Prince, be taken and punished as a traitor, because he is not found with armour or weapon, but yet is taken in his disguised apparel, with writings, or other manifest tokens, to prove him a spy for traitors, after he hath wandered secretly in his sovereigns camp, region, court or city? Shall no subject be counted a traitor, that will secretly give earnest and priest money to persons to be rebels or enemies, or that will attempt to poison the victual, or the fountains, or secretly set on fire the ships or munition, or that will secretly search & sound the havens and creeks for landing, or measure the depth of ditches, or height of towns & walls, because these offenders are not found with armour or weapon? The answer I think must needs be yielded (if reason and experience shall have rule with these adversaries) that all these and such like are to be punished as traitors: and the principal reason is, because the actions of all these are necessary accessaries, and adherents proper, to further and continue all rebellions and wars. But if they will deny, that none are traitors that are not armed, they will make judas no traitor, that came to Christ without armour, colouring his treason with a kiss.  

The application of the scholastical traitors, to others, that are traitors without armour.  Now therefore it resteth to apply the facts of these late malefactors that are pretended to have offended but as scholars, or bookmen, or at the most but as persons that only in words and doctrine, and not with armour did favour and help the rebels & the enemies. For which purpose let these persons be termed as they list, scholars, schoolmasters, bookmen, seminaries, priests, jesuits, friars, beademen, romanists, pardoners, or what else you will, neither their titles, nor their apparel doth make them traitors, but their traitorous secret motions & practices: their persons make not the war, but their directions and counsels have set up the rebellions. The very causes final of these rebellions & wars, have been to depose her Majesty from her crown: the causes instrumental, are these kind of seminaries and seedmen of sedition: the fruits and effects thereof, are by rebellion to shed the blood of all her faithful subjects: the rewards of the invaders (if they could prevail) should be the disinheriting of all the nobility, the clergy, and the whole commonalty, that would (as they are bound by the laws of God, by their birth, & oaths) defend their natural gracious Queen, their native country, their wives, their children, their family, and their houses. And now examine these which you call your unarmed scholars and priests, wherefore they lived and were conversant in company of the principal rebels and traitors at Rome, and in other places, where it is proved that they were partakers of their conspiracies? Let it be answered why they came thus by stealth into the realm? why they have wandered up and down in corners in disguised sort, changing their titles, names, & manner of apparel? Why they have enticed and sought to persuade by their secret false reasons, the people to allow and believe all the actions and attempts whatsoever the pope hath done or shall do, to be lawful? Why they have reconciled & withdrawn so many people in corners from the laws of the realm to the obedience of the pope, a foreign potentate and open enemy, whom they know to have already declared the Queen to be no lawful Queen, to have maintained the known rebels and traitors, to have invaded her majesties dominions with open war? Examine further, how these vagrant disguised unarmed spies have answered, when they were taken and demanded what they thought of the Bull of pope Pius Quintus, 
Six Questions to try traitors from scholars.  which was published to deprive the Queen's Majesty, and to warrant her subjects to disobey her: whether they thought that all subjects ought to obey the same bull, and so to rebel? Secondly, whether they thought her Majesty to be the lawful Queen of the realm, notwithstanding the said bull or any other bull of the pope? Thirdly, whether the pope might give such licence as he did to the Earls of Northumberland & Westmoreland, and other her majesties subjects to rebel as they did? or give power to D. Sanders a natural borne subject but an unnatural worn priest, to take arms and move warred as he did in Ireland? Fourthly, whether the pope may discharge the subjects of her Majesty, or of any other princes christened, of their oaths of obedience? Fiftly, whether the said traitorous priest D. Sanders or one Bristol a rebellious fugitive, did in their books writ truly or falsely, in approving the said bull of Pius quintus, and the contents thereof? Lastly, what were to be done, if the pope or any other assigned by him, would invade the realm of England, and what part they would take, or what part any faithful subject of her Majesties ought to take? To these questions very apt to try the truth of falsehood of any such seditious persons, being justly before condemned for their disloyalty, these lewd unarmed traitors I say would no wise answer directly hereto, as all other faithful subjects to any prince christian ought to do. And as they upon refusal to answer directly to these questions only, might have been justly convinced as guilty of treason, 
The offenders executed for treason, not for religion.  so yet were they not thereupon condemned, but upon all their other former actions committed both abroad and in the Realm, which were no less traitorous than the actions of all other the spies and traitors, and of judas himself afore remembered which had no armour nor weapon, and yet at all times ought to be adjudged traitors. For these disguised persons (called scholars or Priests) having been first conversant of long time with the Traitors beyond the sea in all their conspiracies, came hither by stealth in time of war and rebellion by commandment of the Capital enemy the Pope or his Legates, to be secret espials & explorers in the Realm for the pope, to deliver by secret, Romish tokens, as it were an earnest or priest, to them that should be in readiness to join with rebels or open enemies, and in like sort with their hallowed baggages from Rome to poison the senses of the subjects, pouring into their hearts malicious and pestilent opinions against her Majesty and the Laws of the Realm, and also to kindle and set on fire the hearts of discontented subjects with the flames of rebellion, and to search and sound the depths and secrets of all men's inward intentions, either against her Majesty, or for her: and finally, to bring into a beadroll, or as it were into a muster roll, the names and powers with the dwellings of all them that should be ready to rebel and to aid the foreign invasion. These kinds of seditious actions for the service of the pope and the traitors and rebels abroad, have made them traitors: not their books nor their beads, no not their cakes of wax which they call Agnus dei, nor other their relics, nor yet their opinions for the ceremonies or rites of the Church of Rome: and therefore it is to be certainly concluded that these did justly deserve their capital punishments as traitors, though they were not apprehended with open armour or weapon.  
Now if this latter repetition, as it were of all the former causes and reasons afore recited, may not serve to stop the boisterous mouths, and the pestiferous tongues, and venomous breaths of these that are infected with so gross errors, as to defend seditious subjects, stirrers of rebellion against their natural Prince & country: 
Unreasonable & obstinate persons are left to God's judgement.  then are they to be left without any further argument, to the judgement of the Almighty God, as persons that have covered their eyes against the suns light, stopped their ears against the sound of justice, and oppressed their hearts against the force of reason, and as the Psalmist saith, They speak lies, they are as venomous as the poison of a serpent, even like the deaf Adder that stoppeth his ears.  
Wherefore with charity to conclude, if these rebels & traitors, and their fautors would yet take some remorse and compassion of their natural country, and would consider how vain their attempts have been so many years, and how many of their confederates are wasted by miseries and calamities, and would desist from their unnatural practices abroad: and if these Seminaries, secret wanderers, and explorators in the dark, would employ their travels in the works of light and doctrine according to the usage of their schools, and content themselves with their profession and devotion: and that the remnant of the wicked flock of the seedmen of sedition would cease from their rebellious, false, and infamous railings & libel: there is no doubt by God's grace (her Majesty being so much given to mercy and devoted to peace) but all colour and occasion of shedding the blood of any more of her natural subjects of this sand, should utterly cease. Against whose malices, if they shall not desist, Almighty God continue her Majesty with his spirit & power long to reign and live in his fear, and to be able to vanquish them and all God's enemies, and her rebels & traitors both at home and abroad, and to maintain and preserve all her natural good loving subjects, to the true service of the same Almighty God according to his holy word and will.  
Many other things might be remembered for defence of other her majesties princely, honourable, and godly actions in sundry other things, wherein also these & the like seditious railers have of late time without all shame, by feigned and false libels sought to discredit her Majesty & her government: but at this time, these former causes and reasons alleged by way of advertisements, are sufficient to justify her majesties actions to the whole world in the cases remembered.  
FINIS.