THE Familiar EPISTLES of M. T. CICERO Englished and Conferred with the: French Italian and other translations.  
LONDON printed by Edward Griffin.   

I. WEBBE, D. OF PHYS: TO HIS MUCH ESTEEMED Friend, FRA: L. Esquire.  
YOur inbred love of knowledge, equalised with able industry; and your applause, and furtherance of a public benefit, brought us acquainted. In that an office freely done to any peculiar person, is very laudable; but extending itself to an universality; obligeth, and uniteth all men. For, as the mutual participation of particulars, and their use, and faculties in a body natural: So breedeth it, a loving harmony, and perpetuity, in that which is political: harmony of minds, through uniting courtesies; perpetuity of being so, by an affectionate acceptance, and grateful acknowledgement. Whereupon, there is not only an exchange of favours, out of the endowments of fortune: but from th'elaborated experience also, of such as are not envious, proceedeth a willing demonstration of all, either infused, or acquired sciences; ever binding, by reiterated offices, the receiver to a new addition of thankfulness, and the giver to participate through a former deserving gratitude. And this was the main occasion that I, (true friend) breaking the ice of my long concealed blessings, and inventions, laid open to your view those crystal, and abounding fountains, which, who so tasteth, so instantly bedeweth his understanding, with so recreating a Balsamum, that it springeth in the coldest Winter, and is ever fruitful. This powerful and celestial water, is (as you beheld) environed with a guard of ancient Authors, of the most admired perfection in all professions; and such, as from the riches of their wisdoms, have left rules, precepts, and authorities; as legacies, regalities, and prerogatives; by which all after-ages, conditions of men, and dominions; have been, and must be instituted, maintained, and governed. All these, though they bewrayed a willingness, to embrace you, and grant you access unto that fountain: yet through an ancient familiarity, begun in childhood, between yourself, and Cicero, which was one of them, you sought this courtesy rather from him, and he gave rather way thereto, than any other. And as he was ever of an affable disposition, & had been well read in the conditions of all men, and, delighted to be frequented, by the most illuminated understandings; he so tasted your inclination, that, calling me from cleansing, (as my custom is) and purifying that fountain, he requested me, in token of his affection, to present you with one volume of his Epistles. I asked him which? He answered; the Familiar. In what Language? English. Whereat I blushed, and smiled. He gathering, mine inward thoughts by mine outward carriage, said; Blush not to be made a Translator of so ordinary Books as mine Epistles; In that, things the more ordinary they are; argue the more universal acceptance: and beside, men of greater show, have held their translations of lesser moment, for their greatest ornaments: But blush to think that Cicero, whose letters bewray his conversation, and whose conversation was with Consuls, Kings, Imperator's, Praetors, Quaestors, Tribunes, Generals, and friends of his own rank, Caesar, Pompeius, Lepidus, Antonius, Brutus, Cassius, Cato, Plancus, Lentulus, Deiotarus, Octavianus, and such great Potentates; and at that time when all the world was subject unto one dominion, and himself in it a chief Commander; I say blush, to conceit that he, should reduce such Epistles into Volumes, only for little ones. And wrong not thine own judgement so far, as to imagine, that every man of thy Nation, and Country, which is desirous, and worthy to read mine Epistles, is able to understand them in their original: go on then; for those that ruled all men have been ruled by me; be thou then ruled; and go on. When I heard this, my shameful blush was turned to a daring boldness; which made me reply, Command: but, thou art the whole world's greatest Orator; and I, when these are ended, shall be but a young Translator; Let me bring thee a Sidney, a Great L: Chancellor, or a Sandys; that can parallel thy Latin, with our English Language. No, said mine Author; they have done; do thou. With that, I asked him, how? Hast thou forgotten, said he, that, Epistolas quotidianis verbis ●exere solemus? Here I grew silent: but not so silent, as presumptuous; For, hence came these Epistles. Neither did I forget a French Doletus, and Italie's Manutius, who had dared as much, and were applauded. But when I was almost at an end, and met with, aliter scribimus, quod ●os solos quibus mittimus, aliter quod multos lecturos putamus. I was absolutely determined to commend my former labours, to the secretest of all friends, a fire. But you, at that very instant, sent by destiny, repriued them: and requested my patience once more to read them, and return you them. 'Tis done, and by these you shall receive them. Send back your censure; and Farewell.   

READER:  
CICERO'S Epistles have in Italian, French, and other languages, endured sundry translations; and of each, many impressions: their Author being grown to that deserved reputation, that not only his native Country, but the whole world hath now, well near a thousand seven hundred years, admired him; aswell, for his powerful and persuasive eloquence, as for his understanding in all learning, and especially in Politicis. In which he so far excelled, that he was not only sought unto, by the greatest Generals, and Governors of mighty Region● and Provinces, for Councel● and directions; but himself, from a Gentleman of no great fortunes, was by his own deserts, so magnified, that passing thorough all titles and degrees, of place and honour, usual amongst the Romans; he, above the rest, was glorified with these testimonies; of 
* Custos Vrbis; Defe●sor Omnium; Pater Patriae.  Preserver of the City: Defender of all men: and, Father of his Country. And came to be of that authority, that he was one of those, which commanded Kings and Potentates. These things maturely considered; a grave and powerful Magistrate, of weightiest employments, about a great Monarch in Europe, made these letters his glass, his rule, his Oracle, and ordinary pocket-book: an hono●iustly due unto the Prince of Eloquence; for, if I conceive him, he affords letters of content unto all age's; from the swath-band to the crutches: and to all conditions; from the meanest Artificer, to the highest Emperou●: and to all capacities, from the most pleasant and conceited'st W●iter, to the serious Soldier, or gravest Councillor. I know he loseth much, by being translated; though by the most expert Linguist breathing; and into the purest language spoken: Yet, because he hath like a pleasing Actor, been called for, again and again, by other Nations; I doubt no●, but ●ith us, he may retain some relish of his admired sweetness, and profound wisdom.  
If in any place, our English translation, shall not precisely run along with ●he original. First, know that the various l●cti●ns may be one cause ●her●o: Next, the different expositions, in the Italian or French translations, or their corrections in a●ter editions; for, in places that were difficult, doubtful, ha●ting, or dismembered; after, conferring these (as sufficient, and careful observers of our Author) amongst themselves; and all with the text; I have followed the most seeming probable interpretation. Neither have I neglected the precept, that in this case, Horace gave me: 

Nec verbum verbo curabis reddere fidus  
Interpres.—   

Faithful Translator, thou shalt not afford  
Exchange of languages, made word for word.    
Le●t I might err with that English Gentleman, who being demanded by an Italian, what was become of his footboy? made answer: Ha preso i suoi calcagni. Which sounded almost as well to the Italian, as this other to an English man, from the mouth of a great Traveller, who being asked, when he saw his friend? replied: It maketh a little that he was here. Both these answers, as many o● the like, though they have good words, yet for the sense, being word for word translated, the first is but English-Italian● and the last, Italian-English. Which how far they are different from the purity of speech, in either language, let their Boccace, and our Sr. Philip, teach us. Keeping therefore sense, for sense; lest I might offend mine own language, or wrong mine Author, I have endeavoured, within the compass of my capacity, to give thee some, though not all manner of satisfaction. For, not alone the profit of younglings, is to be respected; but theirs also, that are desirous to read matters of history, negotiations, war, and secret passages of policy, and government: of which these little books are full: as being written by the greatest wit, and most industrious, and frequented Orator, in the weightiest businesses, and quickest times, of the Roman Commonwealth.   

An Abstract of that part of the History of Ptol●maeus King of Egypt, which is usually put before these Epistles for the better understanding of the first book.  
PTolemaeus, king of Egypt, father, to Ptolemaeus, that slew Pompeius: and to that well-known Cleopatra: abusing his royal dignity by his levity; as, playing the minstrel, while others danced; from whence he was surnamed Auletes: and being otherwise in life licentious; gave daily new occasions to his subjects to withdraw their love, and loyalty. But, falling into th'acquaintance of Pompeius in the war against Mithridates; and ambitious of Society and amity with the people of Rome; as was usual with other Kings and his own predecessors: he gave to Caesar then Consul, and Pompeius his son in law six thousand talents to effect it. 
Suetonius. Sterling. 1050000. l  He also sent an aid unto Pompeius in his employments in judaea of eight thousand horse, without any charge unto the Commonwealth. He kept a sumptuous table for a thousand personages, and bore the charges of as many servitors to attend them. These and the like profused expenses daily increasing: and surmounting his annual revenue of twelve thousand and five hundred Talents: 
Sterling 2187500. l  being enforced to borrow of Caius Rabirius Posthumius, and other friends, and Usurers; and after to tax his subjects for the payment, they growing at length to dislike his proceedings, not able further to tolerate so heavy burdens, expelled him the kingdom. Whereupon, about the end of the Consulship of Publius Lentulus and Q. Metellus, he repairs to Rome; complains to the Senate's urgeth the Society, and Amity; of himself, and Ancestors; with the Senate, and people: gets Pompeius to backe him, and plead his deserts; and so effectually follows his business; that it was thought, not only just; but for example-sake useful, and profitable to reu●nge the injuries of that King, whom the Senate and people of Rome had not long before graced with those attributes of Friend, and Companion. A decree of the Senate was forthwith enacted, That the Consuls should cast lots which of them should restore him to his Country. The first lot fell to Lentulus, together with the government of Cilicia and Cyprus. For Spain; that fell to his Colleague Metellus, was too remote from Egypt, and not to be annexed to the reducement of the King of Alexandria. Against this decree, and ballottation C. Cato Tribune of the people opposed; objecting religion; and alleging an Oracle out of the Sibyline verses. That, if the King were reduced by a multitude, it would prove dangerous to the Commonwealth. Then, they deliberated, who should reduce him without an army. Some stuck to Lentulus, whom they had formerly aswell by decree, as lot received: some thought it fit to send Pompeius; some, otherwise. The variety of opinions prolonged the business: but Cato's audacity overthrew it. For, from the beginning of his Tribuneship, he by daily detractions, provoked envy both against the King, and Lentulus. At length a law being diuulged, to abrogate the government of Lentulus in Cilicia; his friends withdrew their thoughts, from a lesser care, to a greater fear. And Pompeius, wa● by the same Cato so bitterly accused to the Senate, that he gave over all pretence in that reducement. The King despairing of the Senate's aid, fled to Gabinius proconsul in Syria; By whom, through the promise of 
Starling 175000. l.  ten thousand talents; and the assistance of Pompeius then Consul, he was restored about twenty five years before the beginning of our Christian Computation. He found his kingdom under the Dominion of Archelaus friend to Gabinius, in the right of his wife Berenice, eldest of the three daughters of the said Ptolemaeus: but he slew them both in his restoring.  
Gabinius being after called in question for violating the prerogative of the Commonwealth, in that he had passed the bounds of his Province against the Law Cornelia de Maiestate: was by corruption of judges absolved. The detestation whereof, was cause that he was shortly after, accused of extortion, condemned, and with confiscation of goods banished. Our Cicero was in the first accusation, plaintiff: in the last, at the request of Pompeius' defendant.  
Read Cicero's Oration in defence of Caius Rabirius Posthumius.   

THE FIRST BOOK OF THE FAMILIar Epistles of M. T. Cicero.  

Cicero to Publius Lentulus' Vice-consul. Epist. 1.  
IN all my endeavours on your behalf, and especially in my devoted affection towards you; I satisfy all other men, yet never satisfy my sel●e: For, you have so well deserved of me; because you never left my business ●ill 'twas effected: that I, not having the like success in yours, find my life distasteful to me. The reasons are these Ammonius the King's Ambassador manifestly withstands us by money; And the business is carried by those Creditors who had the managing thereof while you were present. There are but few, if any, that are inclining to the King's suit, and they all will have the business referred to Pompeius. The Senate gives way to the brute raised of the Religion, not for the Religion, but for just disdain, and hatred, taken against the King's bribery or corruption. We cease not to exhort and entreat Pompeius, and in conclusion, freely to reprehend him, and to admonish him that he draw not on him so great an infamy. But my entreaties and advertisements are needless: for, as well in his private discourses, as openly in the Senate, he hath so carried your cause, that no man could with greater eloquence, gravity, endeavour, or earnestness have pleaded it; acknowledging your favour to him; and his love to you in the best fashion he was able. You know you have displeased Marcellinus. Yet, this cause of the Kings excepted, h● makes plain demonstration, that in any other occasion he will favour you to the utmost of his ability. And we are contented with his pleasure. Ther● hath been no means to make him al●ter his course about the religion. Thi● is the state of the business, till the thir●teenth of januarie, in the morning of which day, I wrote these. Hortentiu● and I, and Lucullus, touching the Army, let the religion carry it: (for otherwise we should do nothing,) yet remitting ourselves to the order made when you propounded the matter; we stand for you: that the Senate may commit unto you the charge of restoring the King without the Army, as the Religion requireth: so that you may do it without endangering the Common wealth. Crassus chooseth three Ambassadors, not excluding Pompeius: for my meaning is of such as have public authority: Bibulus also three Ambassadors, private Citizens, and with him agree the other Consulars, except Servilius; (who holdeth that in no case he should be restored;) And Volcatius, (who consenting with Lupus chooseth Pompeius:) and Afranius, (who assenteth to V●lcatius:) which thing augmenteth the suspicion of the intention of Pompeius. For it is found, that Pompeius' friends agree unto the opinion of Volcatius. The difficulties are many; and the business begins to grow doubtful: The manifest, and earnest practices of Libon and Hipsaeus, and the great desire of all Pompeius friends, bewray the hidden fire of his ambition, to have the managing of this business. And they that contradict him, are not friends to you, who have so much extolled him. My authority herein is the less, by reason of my obligation to you. And the impression which men have made touching Pompeius' intention drowneth my favours, they surmising, that they shall gratify him by this occasion. Things are now in the same estate with us, as they were long before your departure; being as w●ll by the King himself, as by the intimate, and domestic acquaintance of Pompeius privily corrupted: afterwards by the Consulars openly sifted, and mad● exceeding heinous, and reproachful Every man shall in your absence perceive my integrity; but your friends shall know the love I bear you. Had there been trust, where there should have been most, these troubles had not fallen upon us. Farewell.   

Cicero to Pu●lius Lentulus' vice-consul, Ep. 2.  
THE xiii. of january the Senate determined nothing: because the greatest part of that day was spent in Controversies, between the Consul Lentulus, and Caninius Tribune of the people. At which time I also spoke much on your behalf, and by manifest tokens I perceived, that the Senate took wondrous w●ll, the remembrance of your respect unto that order. Whereupon the day following, they were pleased, that I should make a brief recapitulation of every man's opinion: For, they seemed to be reconciled unto us: which I perceived aswell by the pleading of your cause; as by their calling every man, and requesting their favour for us. When therefore the first sentence was pronounced, which was of Bibulu●, that the King should be by three Ambassadors restored; The second, that you should restore him without the Army, as Hortentius desired; or as Volcatius, who gave the third; that Pomp●ius should restore him: It was demanded, that the particulars of that opinion of Bibulus might be considered. No man opposed that part wherein he touched the Religion; as being a thing not to be contradicted. Touching the three Ambassadors, ●he greatest part slew from him. Then followed the opinion of Horten●ius, upon which Lupu● Tribune of the people (because he had made the motion for Pompeius) began to contend, that it belonged unto him rather than to the Consuls to command that every one should go to that side to which they were most addicted. But his speech was interrupted by the outcries of all men: because it was a thing new found out, and without sense or reason. The Consuls neither assented unto him, nor were they greatly repugnant. They were contented the day should be thus driven over, and so it was. For they well perceived that the greatest part would follow Hortentius: though they outwardly seemed to allow of the opinion of Volcatius. Many were requested to give their opinion, and that with great vexation of the Consuls, whose desire was that the opinion of Bibulu● might be preferred. This controversy endured till night, and then the Senate rose; and I, as it fell out, supped that night with Pompeius, lighting thereby upon this occasion more fit than heretofore hath been offered, as being the first Senate day, that hath since your departure proved fortunate unto us. I so reasoned the matter with him, that he seemed to give credit wholly to my discourse, and to deliberate how he might favour you. Hearing his own tale, I must needs free him from the least touch of Ambition: but when I consider the carriage or passages of his familiar acquaintance, of what degree soever, I find that assuredly true, that at length is manifested to all the world: that all this cause hath been before this time by some corrupted, and not without the knowledge or privity of the King himself, and of his Counsellors. These I wrote the 14. of januarie before day, in which the Senate was to sit. We shall as I hope maintain our reputation in the Senate so far, as is possible in this so perfidious an age, and full of injustice. As for the popular respects, I think we have so carried things, that nothing can be done with the people, without the violating of divine authority, or breach of laws, no nor without compulsion. Yesterday the Senate ratified the things aforesaid, by interposing of their grave authority: to which though Cato, and Caninius opposed themselves, yet it was registered, and I think it shall be sent unto you. I will not fail to give you good account hereafter of every thing that passeth: and I will engage all my thoughts, endeavours, diligence, and friends, in the effecting this business, to our own contentment. Farewell.   

Cicero to Lentulus. Ep. 3.  
AVlus Trebonius my ancient and ●amiliar friend, who hath affairs of great importance in divers places of your Province, and such as may be soon dispatched; hath been heretofore very welcome thither, as well for his own worth, as for being by myself, and other friends recommended: and, at this present, in respect of your love towards me, and for our near alliance, he is very confident, that he shall be able by means of these my letters, to purchase your gracious favour. I beseech you therefore let not his hope deceive him; and I recommend unto you all his affairs, his Freemen, his agents, his family; and especially, that what Titus Ampius shall decree about his business, you would be pleased to ratify: and so use him in all other occasions, that he may thereby gather, that I have effectually recommended him. Farewell.   

Cicero to Lentulus. Ep. 4.  
Upon the fifteenth of januarie, when we had the better hand in the Senate, for that the day before, we had broken the neck of that opinion of Bibulus, concerning th● three Ambassadors; and that there was now only resting the opinion of Volcatius, to contend withal; the business was with divers cavils prolonged by our adversaries: who could not endure, that we amongst so many, and so great variety of opinions, should carry away the glory of the day● Curio was at that time a bitter enemy unto us, Bibulus much more mild, and ra●her a friend than otherwise; Caniniu●, and Cat●, had resolved ●o propose no law before the next creation of Magistrates. The Senate, as you know, by the interdict of the law Pupia, cannot be reduced before the Calends of February, nor for all that month, unless the Ambassages be either dispatched, or put off. But the people of Rome are possessed, that those that envy and hate you, have brought up this brute of an invented Religion, not so much to hinder you; as to keep every man else from seeking for credit's sake to go that journey with the army into Alexandria. And no man can report other than that the Senate, hath had good respect of you: for it is well known, that your adversaries have hindered the dispatch of your cause, but if they shall attempt now any thing by wicked and treacherous proceedings (as they have done) under pretence or name of the people of Rome, it is sufficiently provided, ●●at they can pass nothing, unless they will withstand authority, and the laws, or else bring their intent about by violence. I will omit to speak, either o● mine own faithfulness, or other men's ingratitude. For it were but a folly to make any ostentation of myself, considering that if I should spend my life for you, I cannot countervail your courtesies: And to complain of other men's injuries, were but to renew my old troubles. If in this time of weak Magistrates, any thing shall be attempted by force, I can make no resistance: but if no violence shall be offered, I can assure you, that the Senate and people of Rome will do what in them lieth to support your reputation. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Lentulus' Vice-consul. Ep. 5.  
THough I desire nothing more, than to be known first of yourself, and then to all the world, for a most thankful man, and one that cannot forget the good turns you have done me; ye● it grieves me to the heart, that the times since your departure are such, as enforce you to make trial as well of mine, as other men's trust, and affection towards you. For I understand by your letters, that you have had the same proof o● your friends, in your authority: that I have had of mine, in my health, and prosperity. I endeavoured with all my understanding, care, and po●er, to bring about the cause of the king; when on the sudden Cato, beyond all imagination, proposed a wicked law, which did not only hinder the cause, but hath made that business, which was before light, and easy; to be very difficult, and desperate. But, though in so cross an accident, we are to expect all mischief; yet we fear nothing more than treachery. Come what will come, let Cato be well assured, we will resist him. About the restoring of the king, I promise you thus much, that I will so bestir me, that you shall rest fully satisfied. Yet I doubt, that either the business may be taken out of our hands; or that there will be no further proceeding in it: and I cannot well determine, which of these two courses will left content me. But if it come to this pass; there is a third way which neither Selicius, nor I dislike. That we neither suffer the King to be abandoned; nor let him be put over unto that man for his restoring, who is already thought, to have obtained him. We will do the best we can, that things may go, as we would have them: if not; we will so leave off, that we may suffer no disgrace thereby. It is for a man of your wisdom, understanding and valour; to be well assured, that all your greatness, and honour proceeds from your own virtue, your noble actions, and grave proceedings, (which will never fail you) and to set light by that, that the perfidiousness of any man can detract from you, in any thing wherein fortune hath enriched you. Knowing for certain, that whatsoever is done in that kind, will turn to them more hurtful, than to you hereafter. There is not an hour passes, but I am either doing something in your business, or contriving how to do it. And in every thing I use the help of Quintus Selicius: whom I esteem as discreet, faithful, and loving unto you, as any of your other friends. I make account that you have understood both by frequent letters, and messengers, aswell what we have now in hand, as that that hath been hitherto effected. Of that, that is expected, I hold none fitter than myself, to send you mine opinion. I have seen Pompeius upon two occasions terribly troubled. First, for that on the ●●xt of February, speaking to the people in the favour of Milo, they gave not only a negligent ear unto him: but often interrupted him with exclamations, and villainies: secondly because Cato speaking ill of him, in the Senate, and sharply accusing him, had a mo●t quiet audience: so tha●, it seems he altogether shrinketh from this cause of restoring the king, in which we have always held our own: the Senate not having taken any thing from you herein, but that, which by the Religion it cannot give unto another man. Our hope therefore at this present is, that the King finding himself deceived in his opinion of thinking to be restored by Pompeius: and being deprived of all other hopes herein, will necessarily apply himself unto you. In the effecting hereof we will use all diligence: and he will doubtless be most willing; so that P●mpeius make but the least show to be content therewith. But you know how slow he is, and ●l●o how silent in all his actions, yet there is nothing, that may be done herein, by us omitted The other injuries that Cato threatens to do us, shall need (I hope) but easy resistance Of the Con●ulars I find none to favour you, but Hortentius, and Lucullus. The rest are partly ●ec●et, partly open enemies. But be of good courage: And without all doubt, the rash attempt of this fantastical ●ellow will come to nothing, and you shall recover your former honour, and reputation. Fare you well.   

Cicero to Lentulus. Ep. 6.  
HOw matte●s have been carried, you may ●nforme yourself of P●llio; who was not only present at them, but employed in them. In the depth of the trouble I suffer about your business, my comfort is, that I hope assuredly, that the good Council of your friends, and time itself, which discovereth the designs of enemies, and treacherous persons shall shelter you from their wicked pretences. One better comfort I have more, call to remembrance, my troubles past; whose very image I perceive in your affairs, for although the blemish of your honour, is not to be compared with the loss of my welfare: there is notwithstanding such a resemblance, that I cannot imagine, but you will hold me excused, if those things affright me not, which you yourself never feared. But, be you that man, that I have known you from your infancy; and credit me, the injuries of men, shall make your greatness more illustrious. And expect from me the chiefest favours, and offices that can be showed you, for I will not fail your expectation. Fare you well.   

Cicero to Publius Lentulus' vice-consul. Ep. 7.  
I have read your letters, in which you are thankful unto me, because I often acquaint you with all passages, and because I make open demonstration to you of the affection I bear you. It was needless to thank me, because I was obliged to love you, (if I would not appear unworthy of your good opinion:) and beside, I took delight in this frequent epistolar correspondence with you, seeing we could not in absence otherwise enjoy one another. And when it falls out that I write not so often unto you, it shall proceed from a distrust I shall have to put my letters in every man's hands. But always, when I shall have a faithful messenger, I will not omit the opportunity. Touching the particulars, which you desire to know, concerning your friends, they would be tedious to relate, but as for that, of which I have often heretofore written unto you, I can bid you now rely upon it for a certainty. That some, which both greatly could, and should have favoured you, have envied your greatness, and the course of your Fortunes. Although the case be not alike, yet it hath some equality with mine. For they that were offended with you, upon an occasion that concerned the Commonwealth, have openly withstood you; and those that were defended by you, have not been so mindful of your valour, as hateful of your commendation. At which time, as I have heretofore at large written unto you, I have known Hortentius, and Lucullus to be very affectionate towards you; and amongst those ●hat are Magistrates, Lu●ius Racilius, a most faithful and loving friend of yours. With that diligence, I bestow in favouring you, I profit not so much as I should, if I favoured another, men presuming, that I help you more out of obligation, than discretion. Amongst the Consulars I have not known a man besides H●r●entius and Lucullus, ●hat hath made so much as a show, of any good, much l●sse done any good thing for you. I write nothing unto you of P●mp●ius, because you know, he hath been very seldom in the Senate. But this I tell you, that he h●th often reasoned with me, about your matters, and that not only when he was invited thereunto by me, but of his own proper inclination also. And the letters which you lately sent him, were wondrous acceptable unto him, as I have understood by signs of greatest certainty, I must needs contesse, that you have not only filled me with joy, but with admiration, when I consider, how ingenuously, and with what great discretion, you have kept so rare a man your friend, and so much obliged him unto your courtesy. Wiping out of his memory, the fal●e suspicion, which he had, that you s●ould be offended with him, believing as oth●rs did, that he strove with you about the restoring of the king. To tell truth, though you have always found him ready to pleasure you, and especially then, when peradventure the contrary was doubted, as when Caninius, sought that the people should give him the managing of this business, yet I can assure you, that I never saw him, more earnest, or forward than at this present. Therefore know, that whatsoever I write, shall be written by his Council, and opinion. I say then, till now the Senate hath not denied you the restoring of the King. Because that decree, that no man might restore him, was rather made out of fury then by reason; and the Tribunes as you know were thereunto opposed. You therefore having the government of Silicia and Cyprus, may easily inform yourself, whether your fo●ces be sufficient to bridle Alexandria, a●d Egypt, and finding it a ma●ter feyseable, you may, go into A●exandria with the army, leaving the King at Ptolem●is, or there bouts, and when you have set all things quiet, and appointed, and placed your gu●risons, you may restore Ptolem●us to his former state and Dominion. And af●er this manner, he shall be restored by you, as the Senate had in the beginning ordained; and restored without the army, as these religious persons said, was according to the pleasure, or liking of the Sibylla. And you shall thus do a thing agreeable to the honour of yourself, and of our Commonwealth. It is true, that the attempt seems unto us, doubtful, because we know men will judge according to the success. And, if the matter should fall out as we would have it, every man will proclaim you wise, and valorous: If any misfortune should come between you and home, all men will say you were vain, and ambitious. Wherefore, you shall better gather than we, whether the enterprise be secure, as having the estate of all Egypt within your view. Our opinion is, that if you have any certainty, to possess yourself of that kingdom, that you defer no time in effecting it; but if the case be doubtful, put not yourself upon it. This I assure you, that if you prosper in it, you shall be in your absence praised of many, and at your re●ur●e, of all men; if it happen otherwise, I foresee that nothing but ●ll can come thereof. The Senate having declared their pleasure, and beside there being the respect of the religion. But as I exhort you, to put your sel●e upon the task, if you find things without danger; so if you doubt they will give you battle: I dissuade you from it. And again I tell you what from the beginning I have signified unto you, that men will censure your actions, not so much according to the counsel you have embraced, as according to the end that shall ensue thereof. But if this way ●hould appear dangerous unto you, we should like it well, that the king, (giving assurance to those friends of yours, which in divers places of your Province, have furnished him with moneys;) should use your aid to return into his kingdom. You being easily able to help him; aswell for the quality, as situation of your Province; he being destitute of a more sure means to return withal. This is my opinion; now do what you think best. Whereas you rejoice at my condition, at the familiarity of Milo, at the vanity and weakness of Clodius, ● wonder not at your joy; being the custom of an excellent artificer, to take pleasure in his own workmanship. Though you cannot imagine how great perversity (not to give it a worse term) reigns in some kind of men, who if they had favoured me, I had never changed mine intention, in the managing of the Commonwealth, but their ill carriages towards me have constrained me, to run a course for mine own safety, of which I have been hitherto something careless, esteeming honour more than mine own life. Both might hau● been done very well, if these Consula●s were to be trusted, or had any constancy: but they are for the most part so malicious, and so deprived of judgement, that whereas they should long affect me, as one that am a most affectionate citizen to mine own Country, they envy me for defending it. Which I have written thus freely unto you, because I acknowledge, not only my present ●state from you, but the beginning of my honour also. And moreover, because I begin now to believe, that my obscure parentage, was not the cause I was so ill beloved: considering that you, that are bo●ne of a most noble house, could not avoid the rage of these malicious people. Who though they have suffered you to arise to one of ●he chiefest places, they have afterwards always ●aid wait, to clip your wings for fear you should fly higher. I rejoice, that your Fortune hath not been like mine, for there is great difference, between being a little crossed, and being utterly ruined. Notwithstanding out of your worth, you have laboured so, that I am not greatly to complain of mine; you having provided, ●hat I h●u● made a greater gain in honour, than I have received damage in my estate. Therefore at this present I entreat you; urged here●nto not o●ely by the favours you have done me, bu● by the affection that I ever bore you, that you strive-with all your power to arise unto the height of glory; to which ever since you were a boy, you have had a strong inclination: and let no● every occurrent injury, deject the loftiness o● your spirit, which I have always loved, and admired. The hope that is of you is great, and great is the commendation of your liberality, as also the memory of your Consulship is great; to which you know well, how great an ornament, and honour will be added, if some noble argument or token of your valour can in the government, which you now have of that Province, be produced. Though I am unwilling you should enterprise any thing, without diligent consideration, examination, and preparation. And because I know that all your thoughts have ever been inclined to ascend to the highest step of honour, when you are arrived, I assure you 'tis an easy matter to maintain you there. And to the end that this my exhortation appear not frivolous, and from the purpose: know that I have to this effect been desirous to put you in mind of the accidents which have occurred to both of us, that hereafter you may know whom you may trust, and of whom you should be wary. Whereas you write that you would know, what the state of the Commonwealth is: there is great discord, but ●he strife is unequal; ●or they that are strongest in riches, arms, and power, seem to have gone so far through the folly, and inconstancy of their adversaries, that they are also at length before them in authority. So that, having few or none against them, they have fully obtained that of the Senate, which was never thought should have been granted by the people, without great commotion. And thus a stipend, with ten Ambassadors hath been assigned and granted unto Caesar, and the time of his government in France prolonged, contrary to the Law Sempronia, which I write briefly unto you, because the present state of the Commonwealth displeaseth me: yet I write it to advertise you, that you may in time resolve yourself to believe that, of which I by the study of so many years, and much more by experience, am resolved; that, a man ought not to love prosperity without authority, nor it without prosperity. Whereas you congratulate with me about my daughter, and Crassipes, I acknowledge your courtesy, and hope, that of such a marriage we shall have that content, which is desired. It resteth only that I remember you, that you bring up our Lentulus in all those sciences, to which you have ever been inclined: but above all things, that you put him upon that course, which you have holden: by which if he go, there is no doubt, bu● he shall become most virtuous, and very valorous; having in these his green years, made himself of so great an expectation. We do most entirely love him, aswell because he is your son, and worthy to be so; as because I know he loves me, and hath ever done so. Fare you well.   

Cicero to Publius Le●tulus vice-consul. Ep. 8.  
OF all things which concern you, what is done, determined, and promised by Pompeius; Emplat●rius shall to the full inform you: who hath not only seen, but solicited them; and that with so much love, judgement, and care, that greater of any friend could no ways be expected. Of the same man you may understand the state of the weal public, whose shape by pen can hardly be portrayed. But let it suffice you, that the government is in the managing of our acquaintance, and the common opinion is, that in our time it will not be changed. Wherefore I, as well for the obligation that I have to Pompeius, as to obey your comfortable, and safe Counsels; and to maintain my regained honour, together with my prosperity; I favour his pretences, as he upon your request hath favoured me in my occasions. You know how full of trouble it is unto a citizen to change the habit of his mi●de, especially when it is good, and such as hath been by him long time continued. Notwithstanding I apply myself to this man's pleasure, not being able with honesty to gainsay him, neither do I this as is peradventure by some informed, with dissimulation; because a natural inclination, and love, which I bear him, can do so much with me, that I hold all things to be honest and ●rue, which are to his profit, and good liking. And in my judgement his adversaries also should do well, if (not being able to withstand him) they should cease to contend longer with him. Verily this also gives me comfort, that every man freely granteth unto me, as it were by a special privilege, either to favour the disignes of Pompeius; or to be silent; or to retire me to our common studies, in which I take the greatest pleasure. And if his friendship forbid me not, I will by all means do so; not being able to council the commonwealth with that freedom I desire; nor with that authority, which I, after so many troubles sustained in managing the greatest places of dignity have expected. Although this is not my loss alone, but universal. For, of necessity, either place must be given (though with loss o● reputation,) to the wills of some few: or difference of opinion, and opposition must be vain and frivolous. And whatsoever I have hitherto written, hath been almost wholly upon this occasion. That you may at length look to yourself. The courses of the Senate, of all Courts of justice, and the whole state are altered; nothing remaineth for us to do, but to wish for quietness: and those that govern, make show that they will content us, so that men will be quie●, and not so much provoke their greatness to displeasure: ●ut we must not think to live with that reputation which be●itteth noble Senators: thanks be to them that have alienated Pompeius, from the Senate, and broken the peace which was between him & the Nobility. But to turn to our purpose, about your matt●rs; I have found that Pompeiu● is a good friend unto you; and when he becomes Consul, you shall ●●nde (if I be not deceived) whatsoever true, particular, and important favours, your heart ca● imagine, or be desired. And I having an especial care of all your business, will spur him always forward. And I am not only sure, that I shall never seem unto him importunate, but I rather hope, that he perceiving me so gra●efull, will herein assuredly find great contentment. Le●tulus live secure, for every little occasion of yours sticks nearer me, than all mine own. And I being of that mind, can satisfy myself for matter of my diligence; but for the effects, it is impossible; as not being able with my v●ry thoughts, to search out the way, to show you my thankfulness, much less in act to equalise the least part of your favours. It is here reported that you have gotten a great victory. And we expect the news thereof from you. And we have already spoken to Pompeius; and so soon as your let●ers shall arrive, we will speak with the Magistrates, and Senators. And in all your business, although it should so fall out that we should work more than we think ourselves able: yet it seems much less unto us than is befitting. Fare you well.   

Cicero to Publius Lentulus' vice-consul. Ep. 9  
YOur letters were very acceptable unto me, because I understood [by them] that you apparently perceive how much I respect you; which had not been so well expressed, if I said I had loved you, because in my conceit, that name of respect, although it be exceeding grave and holy; is notwithstanding of less weight, and of much less price, then are the courtesies you have done me. As for the thanks you render me, nothing hath thereunto more moved you, than a certain abundance of affection; which gives occasion, that you esteem those things which without my utter shame, and soul imputation cannot be pretermitted. But if all this time we have been separated, we had lived together, and in Rome, I had made more manifest demonstration of my mind unto you. For with equal commendation, in defence of the Commonwealth, we should have proceeded in every action to one, and the self same end, and purpose. And I hope it may yet come to pass; aswell for that, which you give notice of; as because you can easily perform the same. Of the which I will here after give satisfaction according to your desire, and will declare vn●o you how I am affected, and the state in which I now find myself. But to turn unto my purpose, if you had been at Rome, I would have been governed by your pleasure, and have remitted myself wholly unto your love and infinite wisdom, and you should have used me as a Counsellor, peradventure not altogether ignorant, but I am sure, faithful, and affectionate. Although I am very glad, (as I ought to be,) to hea●e you are full of glory in your Province, for your late obtained victory: Yet here you would have reaped, a better crop of your seed, and more abundant. Because I would wondrously have helped you, to have been revenged on them, of whom you know there are some, that greatly malign you, for having restored me into my Country; other some, that enure you for the reputation and renown, which is fallen unto you by so noble a fact, and honourable enterprise. Although that wretched villain, natural enemy of his friends, who without favour, and deprived of any man to uphold him, in recompense of your especial favours done him; bestirred him with that feeble force he had, to do you injury: Yet he himself in our revenge hath given condign punishment to his own offences. For such plots of his have been discovered, ●hat have not only utterly dishonoured him, but during life deprived him of liberty. And although I should hau● liked it better, that you had learned by my example, then by your own experience; yet I rejoice in my sorrow, that you have known that faith in men with small cost, which I to my great loss have been acquainted with, and I am disposed to discourse a while upon this point, to give answer to that you have demanded. You write that you understand that I am reconciled with C●sar, and with Appius, and further you add, that for being so, you do not reprehend me; but that you would know what reason hath moved me to defend & praise Vatinius: which, that it may the better be explained, i● is necessary, that I declare my mind unto you; taking my discourse from far-fetched passages. When I returned, good L●ntulus, into my Country, it was my meaning to help, not only my friends, but also the Commonwealth; and because I found myself infinitely obliged unto you, as being by your means returned; I thought I was likewise obliged unto it, as having favoured you in my restauration. And whereas formerly I had wearied myself in the service thereof, because I would not b● wanting unto it in the office of a good Citizen; I now think that it behooveth me much more to do the same, that I might not be ungrateful. And this disposition of mine I made known unto the Senate, when you were Consul; and reasoned with yourself often about it. Though from the beginning, when you sought that the Senate should restore my former losses, many things offended me; finding my ●elfe of the one part secretly hated, and of the other slowly favoured. For, neither when there was reasoning about my house, or of that wicked violence, by which I, and my brother were cast out of doors; did they join with you, which should have assisted: nor yet made they demonstration of that mind towards me, which I expected; not only in matters that were of moment, no nor yet in such, as although they were for the great los●e of all my movables necessary: howsoever they were of me, but as base things, little esteemed. And though I perceived things pass in this manner, (for they were not very secret,) yet did I not esteem the present ●●iurie, equal unto their merit past. Wherefore, although I knew myself much obliged to Pompeius; especially because you more than any man told me, that you saw him very earnest in my cause; And although I loved him, not so much for having received courtesies from him, as because I have been always inclined to affect him; thinking that he for his virtue had deserved it: yet without having any regard to what he desired, I followed my old custom, having in every action, the good of the Commonwealth my sole object. And in token of the truth, Pompeius being of the Senate, when he went into Rome, to commend Publius Sextius; and Vatinius one of the testimonies, had told, that I was become one of Caesar's friends, moved thereunto by his happy fortune; I gave him this answer. That the fortune of Bibulus, which he esteemed full of misery, was greater in my estimation, than all the triumphs, and victories. And in another place, I said (even in the presence of Pompeius,) that none but they thrust me out of Rome, which where occasion that Bibulus feared to s●ur out of doors. And that examination of mine was only to reprehend the Tribuneship of Vatinius. Where I spoke with great liberty and courage, about violence, authority, and the donation of Kingdoms. Nei●ther did I in this 〈…〉, but a● m●ny other times speak in S●na●e with the same constancy. And further, Marcelinus, and Philippus being Consuls, th● Senate upon the fifth of April, was contented upon my request, that on the fifteenth of May in open Senate, the case should be proposed of the Campan Territorie. Think you that I could at this time courageously handle this cause rather, then ●orget my own calamities, and call to remembrance my own actions? When I had spoken my opinion, there grew great alteration, in some particular persons, which had occasion; and in others also, which I could never have imagined. For the decree being made, after that manner that I had counselled; Pompeius, without making any demonstration unto me, that he was displeased; took his journey for Sardinia, and Africa: and went by Luca to meet with Caesar; who complained much of this deed of mine: as being incensed a little before in Ravenna, by Crassus, who had spoken much ill unto him concerning me: And, though I had understood by many, that Pompeius was offended with me; Yet my brother gave me the greatest notice, who meeting him in Sardinia, a little while after he came from Luca, was thus saluted by him. In very deed, Sir, I desired to see no man rather than you: neither could fortune have brought me any man, with whom I could be so much contented. If you take not such order, that your brother Marcus keep the promise that you on his behalf made us, this debt will fall upon you. What needs more words? He complained grievously; he made repetition of his deserts; he called to memory the agreement made about the acts of Caesar; and followed on yet further, that he knew well, that Caesar loved my happiness; p●aying him at last, to recommend unto me the cause, and ●he honour of the aforesaid [Caesar.] And that at the least, I should not oppugn him, if I would not, or could not help him. When I had from my brother understood these things, and Vibullius, by commission of Pompeius, having been a little before to speak with me, that I should in courtesy leave, till his return, the Campan cause, in the state it was in: driven to bethink me of myself, I turned me wholly to consider mine own affairs, becoming after a sort petitioner to the Commonwealth: That in consideration of so much pains, as I had taken for it, it would be pleased to grant me, that I might show myself grateful towards my benefactors, and continue the trust of my brother; and that it would suffer that man to be good, whom in all occasions it had found to be a good Citizen. Now in all my actions and sentences, which seem to offend Pompeius, I perceived, that there were certain persons whom you may imagine, which, notwithstanding they were of my opinion, and had always been so, yet they rejoiced, that I followed not the will of Pompeius; hoping assuredly, that he, for that cause should grow a cold friend unto me, and Caesar a capital enemy. I had just occasion to be grieved hereat; but much more, that in my presence, they did most familiarly embrace, welcome, and kiss mine enemy. But why do I say, mine enemy? rather enemy of the Law, of the Courts of justice, of the quiet of his Country, and in conclusion, of all men of honesty. with that demonstration, they had an opinion they should mo●e me to anger, but it was not so; because in me all anger was extinguished. These passages therefore considered, and making a calculation, with that understanding that God had given me, I reduced into form all my discourses: which if I be able, I will briefly recount unto you. If I should see the Commonwealth to be governed by wicked & loose Citizens, as we know falleth out in our times; and have understood, to have at other times also occurred; no force, either of rewards, which I slightly esteem, nor yet of dangers, which were want to fear the stoutest men, could have such interest in me, that I should consent to the liking of men of such condition, although my heart should tell me, they had obliged me. But the Commonwealth resting itself under the shadow of C●cius Pompeius, who, with his great deserts towards it, and with his worthy actions, hath gotten this power, and estimation; and I having from my youth favoured, nay, I say more, having furthered him, both when I was Praetor, and when I was Consul, and he in like manner helping me, as well by council, as by favour; and unwilling to have other enemy in the City, than that man that was to me an enemy; I thought not, that I should be held for inconstant, if I had a little altered some of my opinions; inclining my will to that, which appertained to the dignity, both of a man of his sort, and of such an one, as was my Benefactor. And being of this mind, it was necessary for me, as you see, that I should also favour Caesar, he being inward with Pompeius; to which, partly ancient friendship much moved me, that I and my brother Quintus have always, as you know, held with Caesar; partly, the humanity and courtesy, which he hath many ways in short time shown us. And to this, the respect of the Commonwealth, made great addition: seeming unto me, that it did not only dislike, but strangely refused, that there should be any contention with men of that quality. Especially Caesar having performed many valorous actions thereunto behooveful. And I being heretofore entered into such deliberation, was upon the former occasions, altogether settled, by reason of the testimony, that Pompeius had given of me to Caesar, and my brother to Pompeius. Moreover, I should have considered, that which is by our Plato written so divinely; that, Citizens were wont to be such, as their Governors. I remember the first day of my Consulship, and often afterwards, that I might keep the Commonwealth in a direct course, and at one stay, I laid so strong foundations, and in such a manner encouraged the Senate, that it was no marvel, though it carried itself so stoutly in December following. And in conclusion, I remembered: that from the time of our Consulship, until that of Caesar and Bibulus, men lived in exceeding peace, and unity; And upon any occasion we had to speak in Senate, our opinions had that esteem that was befitting: afterwards; at that time when you were Governor of the hither Spain, the Commonwealth having no Consuls, but Merchants of Provinces, and servants, and ministers of seditions; fortune would, to give occasion of war, throw me into the midst of the Camp of discord, and civil contention. In which danger, the Senate having readily raised itself, and whole Italy, with the strength of the best men, in my defence and assistance: I will not relate what happened; because I should complain of many; I will only in brief say, that I needed no army, but I wanted Commanders; And the fault was in general of all those, which did not defend me; but particularly of those, which were tied to defend me. And if they should be reprehended, which were truly fearful, they which counterfeited fear, are so much more blame-worthy. Certainly, that disposition of my mind was worthy of commendation; when seeing my Citizens most ready to succour me, and desirous, to show me their thankfulness; yet because they were without Leaders, I would not put them to encounter with armed servants. But it sufficed me, only to sh●●, how much strength should have been by consent of good men gathered, if they had had occasion of a battle for me, when I was strong, and lusty; seeing they could afterwards, when I was at the weakest, give me succour. Whose minds you did not only know, when you took pains about me, but also you confirmed and maintained [them.] And I will never deny; rather, while I breath, I will be mindful, and report it willingly; that you used the means of some most noble personages, which were more strong in restoring me, than they were after in retaining me. In which intention, if they had persevered; together with my prosperity, they had regained th●ir own authority. Because, the good Citizens, recovering themselves in your Consulship; and being by your example roused from that drowsiness, that had long oppressed them; especially, having the protection of Cneius P●mpeius, and of Caesar, who, by his own strength, was raised by the Senate, to singular and unusual honours, no wicked Citizen could have ever offended the Commonwealth. But mark, I pray you, how things have proceeded. That infamous fellow Clodius, which polluted the women's sacrifices; who gave no more honour to the Goddess B●n●, then to his own three sisters, was absolved of that fault, for which he ought deservedly to have suffered. And afterwards, Milo, Tribune of the people, and with him many just men, entreating, that this seditious Citizen might, according to his fact, be punished; the judges, against all rights of justice, did acquit h●m, depriving the Commonwealth of so memorable an example, of revenge upon seditions. And afterwards, the very same judges permitted, that the name of Enemy, was with bloody letters engraven, in the house, that was not mine, (because it was no booty of mine, I having only a hand in the building thereof) but did belong unto the Senate, who paid the charges of it. It is true, that I ought them that thankfulness, which was due for so great a benefit, as bringing me out of banishment, and giving me my health again. But I would, that they had not only, as Physicians, had regard unto my health, but also of my strength, and colour; according to the custom of those good masters, which take care to anoint such as are to make proof of their activity. But as Apelles● by his curious Art, finished the head of Venus, with the upper part of her breast, leaving the other part of her body, with a mere beginning: so may I say that some men about my head, have only laboured, and have left the rest of the body rude, and unperfected. And because those that envy me, and especially mine enemies, thought, that the blow given me by banishment, had partly taken away my courage, you could not imagine how much I have deceived their expectation. Heretofore, of Quintus Metellus, son of Lucius, who was a stout man, and of a strong heart, and in my judgement, for greatness, and constancy of mind surpassing all men; they reported, that they understood, (though I hold it rather to be a thing of their own forging,) that he being returned from banishment, made always show of a weak and dejected mind. How is it credible, that he should be changed by banishment, having both by especial election accepted it, and with great courage of mind sustained it, being careless of his return? and how comes it, that they take not notice, how Metellus in constancy and gravity exceeded all men; even that Ma●cus S●aurus, who was so famous ●o the world? But their malice made them believe that of me, which they ●magined, or understood of him; that is, that I should grow base, or be dejected: though the Commonwealth gave me greater encouragement, th●n I ever had before, in m●king known, that it could not be without me. Besides, Metellus, by intercession of one only Tribune of the people was restored; whereas I● was by the Senate, by the Consuls, by all Rome recalled, accompanied with whole I●aly, at the Convocation assembled for the choosing of Consuls, and by the whole Country with great concourse of people received. Neither have I afterwards ever done, nor do I any thing at this present, which may offend any man, though he were the most malicious man in the world, only I do what I can, that I may not be wanting to my friends, or strangers; either in doing, counselling●, or taking any pains I am able for them. This custom of mine, perhaps offendeth him, that looks after the glory and appearance of this life; and doth not consider, the cares, and heavy troubles with which it is encumbered. But because I was wont, to commend Caesar, they do herein openly reprehend me, as if I were become a rebel to my own person, and unto the affection which I have formerly carried to my country. And they consider not, that I am moved hereunto, not only by the reasons spoken of in the beginning, but also these last, which I began to manifest. O Lentulu●, you shall not find that union of good men, which you left us, the which confirmed in our Consulship, and sometime afterwards interrupted, and destroyed, before you were Consul; was afterwards by you entirely restored: and is at this present abandoned of such, as should have favoured it. Which, those chief men of ours, do not only demonstrate with signs external, from the which they might with ease have abstained, but have many times in diverse fashions revealed it. So that upon good reason ●u●ry wise Citizen, (of which ●u●ber I desire to be one, and so to be esteemed) ought wholly ●o change as well his will, as opinion. Because, the same Plato, (whose authority it pleaseth me to follow) would, that a man should take pains in the commonwealth, till he can persuade his Citizens, to their own benefit. And he addeth; that i● is not convenient to force ●ither Father, or Country: and he saith, that the occasion of his not meddling in the Commonwealth was, that having found the people of Athens now at length grown old in madness, or folly, he had no hope to be able either with reason or force to correct, or reclaim them, the one being impossible, the other seeming unto him a thing that was not honest. I had not the like liberty; because I could neither say, that the people of Rome, were so mad, as Plato once found that of Athens; and because, I having been now long time conversant in the Commonwealth, it seemed troublesome unto me to take myself from it. And I thought it a matter of no small consequence, to be able without blame, to hold mine own estate. Beyond all that hath been● hitherto spoken, I considered the ra●e, or ra●her●d ●●ne courtesy, that Caesar hath used to me, and my brother: for which, though C●sar were less fortunate in the successes of war, yet were I obliged to favour him; so much the rather therefore should I do it, perceiving him to be in so expedite a course of a prosperous fortune. And ●e you well assured, that after yourself, from whom I acknowledge my welfare; there is no man, to whom, I should not only confess; but be glad ●o be so much beholding. Having made this preamble, it is easy ●or me to make answer to your demand, concerning Vatinius, and Crassus. And I take great delight, that you are pleased, that I should keep good quarter with Caesar, and with Appius. Now to come to Vatinius. First of all Pompeius reconciled me unto himself, as soon as he was made Praetor, I having with all my power withstood his petition in the Senate, not so much to offend him, as to defend and prefer Cato. After that, Caesar sought me, with entreaties of greatest efficacy, that I would be his defender. But let me entreat you, not to be further inquisitive, why I have commended a man of his condition, than I shall think fitting: lest I requite you with the like, at your return; though I can also requite you at this present; that you may well remember what you have written in commendation of any man, even to the outmost bounds of our dominion. Neither be you therefore grieved, because I also do now, and will hereafter do the like. Yet I confess, that the spur which put me on to de●end Vatinius, was that of which I said, while at the bar I defended him: it appeared unto me, that I did act the Council, which the Parasite gives to the soldier in the Eunuch.  
If it fall out, that she name Thaedria,  
Produce thou strait the name of Pamphila.  
If she say, let us send for Phaedria,  
To sup with us; say thou, bid Pamphila,  
That with her pleasing note may solace you.  
If you shall hear her praise the comeliness,  
Of him: praise her; and to conclude, do● thou  
Reply, pinch, bite her, with like craftiness.  
So I, because some noble men, and my benefactors, did love mine enemy more than beseemed them, and in my presence oftentimes drew him apart, sometime as if it had been about earnest business, and did at other times familiarly, and pleasantly embrace him: and because they had their Publius, I besought the judges by special favour, that they would also grant unto me an other Publius: that I might a little sting them, as they had somewhat pinched me. Neither do●h it suffice me to have said it, but often also, with th'applause of Gods, and men, I make the effects apparent. You have hitherto understood of Vatinius: now harken [to what I shall say] about Crassus. We were then become friends, I having, (because I would not disturb the Commonwealth,) forgiven all injuries; wh●n it fortuned, that he undertook the defence of Gabinius, with no small wonder to every man, having but a while since strongly oppugned him. I should have cared but little, so that he had defended him with modesty, and without venom: but having galled me without cause, and with little respect; I was enforced to turn me; and I beginning again to be inflamed with the disdain of former injuries, (whose sparks were not y●t extinguished, as I believed, but [were] only covered,) suffered my s●lfe to be transported into extreme ●●oller. This gave me great reputation amongst the people; and it much plea●ed som● kind of men; I mean such, as I often name, without naming them: who greatly praised me, that I was so free in speaking; saying, that they began then only to believe, that I was returned into my Country that Cicero, which I was wont to be. But of the other side, they said it pleased them, that Crassus was mine enemy, ●nd that his friend's ●hould never become friends to me. Whereupon I, hau●ng understood by men of authority, and credit, of their malice; and Pom●ius praying me more than ever to be reconciled to Crassus; and further, Caesar writing unto me, that he was ve●●e sorry for this disagreement: I regarded not only my troubles, but also mine own nature: and Crassus, to assure ●s it were, the people of Rome of our reconciliation, that very day, that he parted to go unto the government of Syria, desired to sup with me in the garden o● Crassipes my son in law. Whereupon I undertook to defend him, as did befit our acquaintance; and with his great reputation ● de●ended him in the Senate. You have understood upon what grounds I went, and what business I have defended; and my estate in the government of the Commonwealth, so far, as concerneth me. But believe faithfully, that I had done neither more nor less, though I had been at liberty, and free from all respects. Because I should not hold it a wise enterprise to contend against so great power; nor to thrust at the principalities of such like personages, though it were not impossible; nor to persever in one opinion; the course of things being altered, and good men having changed their minds, excepting only in religious obedience. Neither shall you ever find, that wise men, and such as are expert in the affairs of the Commonwealth, praise him, that doth always proceed, after one and the self same order. But, as it is wisdom, to obey the time, or winds in navigation; although you cannot arrive unto the port; yet being able, by changing of your course, to arrive thither; it were folly to go forward ●he way begun with danger, rather than by changing it, to land at the place desired: even so, it behoving us, as I have o●ten said, to ha●e for object, our own good, together with that of the Commonwealths we should not always hold, one and the s●lfe same way; but always walk to one and the self s●me end. Wherefore I again reply, that, if I had mine own liberty, I would not, for it govern me otherwise then I do at this present. But being bound by good turns, and by injuries urged, I rather lay my foundation in this opinion, so to help the commonwealth, that I thereby be not endangered Neither do I greatly care to manifest myself for such in every occasion: first, because my brother Quintus, is Caesar's Ambassador: next, because I have never done any office for Caesar● no, not of the least condition, for which he hath not manifestly made demonstration, to be exceedingly bound unto me. And I obtain of him, all those great favours, that may be desired from a man of his quality. Whence it proceeds, that the malice of others cannot hurt me: by the which I should have been shrewdly foiled, if I had not made me a buckler of those which are the most honoured, and potent Citizens: because my wont guard was not sufficient to defend me. Me think I am certain, that if you had been present, you would not have counselled me otherwise. I know debates, or contentions, please you not; I know the temperance, and mildness of your nature; I know, tha● you entirely love me, and that you hide within your breast no hurtful or evil thoughts to any man; I know you have a great, and a generous spirit; not hid under any veil of dissimulation, but plain, and full of sincerity. I have ●●ene in your friends the same deceit, that you might see in mine. It is therefore credible, that the same reasons should move you also by which ● was moved. But always when I shall enjoy you, you shall be the man that shall advise me in mine affairs; and take charge of mine honour, as you took charge of my safety: and I in your actions, opinions, and pleasure, and finally in every thing do promise to help● you, and be your associate; Neither will I while I live think of any other thing, then that you may find every day greater content than other, in having favoured me. Whereas you pray me, if I have written any thing since your departure, that I would send it you: I have written certain Orations, which I will give to Menocritus: but be not afraid; for they are so few, that they will no● prove tedious unto you. And because I do not always attend unto Orations, but some times turn me to more pleasing studies, which, as they did in the days of my youth; so they do now much delight me: I have written, or I have endeavoured to write, a disputation after the manner of Aristotle, or a Dialogue of the Orator; which matter I have divided into three Books; and I am half of opinion, that they may be helpful unto your Lentulus: because they are different from the common precepts, and embrace the whole art of Oratory, which was written in times passed by Aristotle, and Isocrates. Moreover, I have written in verse three books of my own troubles, and calamities; and if I had thought good to have devulged them, I had not deferred so long to send you them; because they are, and shall be perpetual testimonies of your favours towards me, and of my thankfulness and affection towards you. But I have not sent them, for fear: not of those, which would hold themselves offended, (because of them I have written both little, and slightly,) but of my benefactors, who being in number infinite, it was impossible I should of every one make mention. Yet I will send you them howsoever; if I find conveniency of a messenger. And, because you have always exceedingly loved learning; I now give you all the fruits, which shall grow of those studies, in which I have been ever most delightfully exercised; and to you I dedicate and consecrate the future births of mine understanding. It was not needful to remember me, nor to recommend unto me your affairs: because they are so ne●re unto me, that I would not be put in mind of them: and I cannot be prayed [to do any thing] about them without extreme grief unto me. Touching that you write me, that you could not this summer furnish the want of my brother Quintus, because, being hindered by sickness you went not into Cilicia: be● sure, that having made him to have thi● possession, he will think, and have an especial occasion to think, that yo● have entirely accomplished his business. I beseech you write often unto me, giving me familiar advertisement of your affairs; and signifying always unto me, how our Lentulu● proceedeth in his studies; & how he doth exercis● himself therein. And be well assured● that no man ever loved another ma● so well, as I love you, and I wil● strive to make such signs appear, tha● not only you, but all men living shal● perceive it; yea, and our posterity. Appius hath first reported in many places, and lastly hath spoken it openly in the Senate, that, if the law Curias●●e ●e produced, he will take that province; that fortune shall allot him: the law being not produced; he will deal so with his Colleague, that he shall be contented to let him come in your place; and that, though it be a custom, that the Consul should go with the authority given him by the people; it follows not therefore, that he may not do otherwise: and, that it is sufficient, for him to go with that, which the Senate hath given him by way of the law Cornelia; and would serve himself of it, till his return to Rome I know not what your friends write unto you concerning this; I know well, that there are divers opinions; one, that having no successor from the people, you may choose whether you will depart or not: another, that if y●u depart, you may leave one in your place. I know not so well the law in this point; (though it be a matter of no great difficulty to know it) as I know that it is expedient for you without any delay to resign your province to your successor; If it were for nothing else, but to show an act of magnanimity, and befitting that courtesy, which I know delights you: Especially considering that you can without suspect of your own ambition, oppose his. I hold it my part, to tell you what I think; and to defend what you do● After I had written these, I received yours, about the customers of your province. Who cannot in reason complain of you, touching justice: but considering that you have always been their furtherance, I would you had now also been as wary as you could neither to endamage, nor offend them. For if you had but used them in a little more gentle manner, they would have been contented. I will not now be slack in defending what you have decreed: but you know what manner of men these customers are: and you know, with what fury they were enraged against Quintus Scaevola. Howsoever, I would counsel you, that aft●● the best manner you may, you wil● seek to appease, and reconcile them● And though it be a thing full of difficulty, yet by your wisdom it ma● with facility be effected. Farewell.   

Cicero to Lucius Valerius Doctor of Law. Ep. 10.  
FOR I have no reason but to giu● you this ●●●le, especially, seeing ar●●dacitie may be now a days used i● place of wisdom; I have written t● our Len●ulus, thanking him very diligently on your behalf; but now would no longer have you use our Letters; but that yourself should come at length to visit us: with an intention to live in such places, where other Doctors, and your equals are; rather then to abide there, where you only may seem wise amongst the ignorant. Though such as come now from thence tell us, that you are sometimes so proud, that you disdain to answer; sometimes so outrageous, th●t you answer injuriously. But now at last I desire yourself to be merry with. Come speedily therefore and go not into your Apulia, that we may rejoice at your coming home in health: for, if you go thither, I am in great doubt, that, like Ulysses, you will not be able to call to mind any of your [poor] alliance. Farewell.    

THE SECOND BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Cicero to Caius Curio. Epist. 1.  
THough I am sorry you s●ould suppose, me to be negligent in writing: yet it grieves me not so much to be accused of negligence, as it is pleasing unto me, that you invite me to put pen to paper: for in the one I am altogether blameless, and in the other you show me that affection, which though I have formerly perceived, yet in the acknowledgement thereof I receive much contentment. I have ever written, when I had opportunity of sending: and who, in this kind is more officious than myself? But from you I can swear, that I have not received above two, or three letters at the most; and very short ones. Wherefore, if you, as a strict judge, look too narrowly to the matter, I will be even with you in the same error: if you be unwilling, that I should use you thus; you were best to judge discreetly. But let this much suffice about letters: for I shall find out means enough to give you satisfaction herein, If I shall know how to please you concerning them. Your absence troubles, and contents me. It troubles me; because it h●th deprived me of the fruits of your most pleasing conversation: It contents me; because all things are fallen out to your glory, and commendation: And seeing your ●ortune in all things comforts me: I cannot choose, but give you, out o● mine affection towards you, one brie●e remembrance. There is so great an expectation of your valour, and understanding; that I have the boldness to entreat you, as much as may be, to return so disposed, that you may be able to govern, and maintain it. And because it is impossible, that I should ever ●orget your deserts: I would that you also should call to mind, that, if, when you were little, you had not obeyed my most faithful and loving advertisements, it had been impossible ●or you to have obtained those profits, and honours, which our country will bestow upon you. In reward whereof, you ought to be content, that I now at length weary with age; by resting myself upon your love, and youth; may give some repose unto my latter days. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 2.  
THE death of your renowned Father, hath deprived me of a testimony of great authority; informed sufficiently of my great love unto yo●● And, had the heavens so favoured him, that before he died, he might have seen● you, he had been the happiest man in the world; aswell for the memory of his own virtue, which will live for ever; as because he hath left behind him, a son of such condition. But I will not believe, that our friendship shall have need of testimonies. God keep you, and increase your patrimony. And be assured I will hold you as dear, and bear you the same affection, that was borne you by your own Father. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 3.  
IT is not Rupa's fault, that the sports are not published, which you would celebrate in honour of your father: but we have counselled him, that it is better to expect your return; to the end, that the business may rest in your arbitrament. And about this matter, either I will write hereafter at large, what my opinion is; or else, lest you should think thereon, I will take you at unawares, and face to face against that reason which moveth you I will dispute: that I may either draw you to that which I think fitting; or at least, I may leave a memory of mine opinion to your consideration: that, if at any time (which I would not) you shall repe●t you of your own counsel, you may call mine to your remembrance. But I can tell you, that your return mee●es with such times, as, by those benefits, which nature, industry, and Fortune have given you; you may more easily obtain the highest dignities of the Commonwealth; then by pleasing the people with the vanity of such like spectacles, which are not esteemed; because they are signs of riches: and not valour; and there is no man, that nowadays is not therewith glutted, till his eyes are weary again. But I do otherwise then I did at first make show of. I said I would not write you mine opinion; yet I am entered upon the particulars thereof. Wherefore I'll put off all this discourse till your return. I give you to understand, that great matters are expected from you; and such as should proceed from one that is exceeding rare for valour, and understanding: For which you being, as you ought to be, and as I hope, prepared: We, that are your friends, and all the Citizens, and the Commonwealth, shall be more bound unto you for this, then for all the sports or shows you can give us. Assure yourself, that to me no man is more dear than you, or more acceptable. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 4.  
YOu know, there are diverse sorts of letters in vse● but the chiefest is that by which the conveniency was brought us of writing, to give notice unto our friends, far off, about n●edfull matters, to us, or them appertaining. Letters of this kind I assure me, that you expect not from me. For, of your private occasions, you have them that gi●es you notice, and those that brings you news thereof: and in my [affairs] there is no new thing happened. There are yet found two o●her kinds of letters, which much please me: one familiar, and conceited: the other severe, and weighty. Of ●hese, I know not, which is least to my purpose. Should I be m●r●y with you? truly I do not think, there is a Citizen, that hath in these times any ●ill to laugh. And in grave matters, Cicero canno● write to Curi●; except he discourse of the Commonwealth, of which it is not safe at this time to speak what he thinks. Wherefore not having other occasion to write, I will end after my wont manner, and I will on●ou●age you to pretend ●he height of glory. Because it is necessary you should encounter that expectation, which hath so much obliged you to people; and against this potent enemy, to fight manfully. W●●ch you shall easily overcome, b●ing of opinion, that, if you will arrive unto that height, which you desire, it is necessary you should employ yourself about those virtues, by which men get immortal honour. I would to this purpose write more at large if I did not faithfully believe, that without my words you were sufficiently inflamed: neither touched I this point to inflame you, but to manifest the affection, that I bear unto you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 5.  
COnsider how the case stands with us, when I dare not so much as write unto you thereof. And although you are, wheresoever, (as I have heretofore written,) in the self same danger: yet I am glad, that you are not at Rome: Be it either because you perceive not that, which we see; or because your commendation is in a most eminent, and noble situation, in the view of many of our friends, & Citizens: brought hither not by any obscure, or various relation, but notable, and immutable. Now know I not, wh●ther I ought to rejoice, or fe●re, tha● there is an admirable expectation raised of your return: not because I doubt, that your virtue is not answerable unto men's opinions; but indeed, because I fear you will find no employment for it, when you are returned; all laudable customs of our Country are now at length so impaired, and almost extinguished. But because I know not, whether this also, which I write, be written with security, I will leave the remainder to be signified unto you by others. Yet, you either having, or not having any hope of the Commonwealth, do for your part whatsoever befitteth a valorous Citizen, and such an one as may hereafter restore the ancient liberty, and accustomed dignity, to your country afflicted, and oppressed with t●e miseries of the times, and wicked behaviour. Farewell.   

Cicero to Curio. Ep. 6.  
THere is yet no news; of your approaching Italy. Nevertheless, because it's thought it will not be long ere you come. And being known for certain, that you are already parted from Asia, & are on your way to Rome; the great importance of the business hath forced me, without any delay, to send this present messenger; which is Sex●us vilius, a familiar friend of my Mil●; I being exceeding de●irous, that this my letter may come unto your hands with all expedition. If it were true, Curio, that you had such obligations to me, as you publicly speak of, which I hold nothing; I would with more respect seek after you, when I should have occasion to ask any thing of you. Because a modest man shuneth, as much as is possible, to entreat a favour from him, to whom he thinks he hath done any kindness; lest that, in place of a request, he should seem to receive as a duty, that which he demandeth; and to take it rather for payment, than a benefit. But being more manifest than the light, that I am exceedingly obliged unto you, through the novelty of my miseries, and calamities: and considering that it becometh a gentle spirit, to accept willingly of a good turn from one, of whom other benefits have been formerly received; I have been bold to request that of you by this letter, which above all other things doth most import me. Because I never doubted that I should not be able to sway the weight of your good ●urnes, though they were infinite; especially, considering that I am not of so weak, or poor a spirit, that I cannot assure myself ability, to be capable of every favour, how great soever, and to remunerate the same, and ●o exceed it. I have deliberated with myself, to recollect what favours I am able, to unite all my forces, and all my thoughts, to draw Mil● unto the dignity of Consul: not so much to be esteemed courteous and loving, in the occasion of such a friend, as to show myself grateful, and ready to make acknowledgement, to one that hath been so much my Benefactor. For I believe not, that ever any man living, had so great care of his own health and substance, as I have of his honour, which I esteem equal with my life. And I am most assured, that if you will favour him, ●urther means will not be requisite. For we have already all these things; the stay of those that are honest, which are affectionated to him, by reason th●t he being Tribune, laboured on my behalf; the favour of the people, ●or the magnificence of the shows, and because they know him of a f●ee disposition; the attendance of the young men, and those ●h●t are beloved of the people, because they see him al●o beloved, and know how diligent he is in the like occasions. And there is l●st of all the favour, which I afford him: which, though of itself it be not of that quality, that it can do much, yet, because it is known to be just, and due, and full of grateful affection, peradventure for this cause, if not ●or any thing else, it will produce some fruit. We want st●ll a head, and one th●t m●y as it were, moderate these winds, and govern th●m: whom if we should choose out of many, we should not find a b●●t●r ●h●n yourself. Wherefore, if you have an opinion, that I am a thankful, and honest man; as you may believe, seeing me take th●t pains th●t I do, ●or Milo; and to be s●ort, if you hold me worhty of your favours; let me entreat you to grant this my desire, of your bestowing your favour upon this my commendation, or, (to speak better) upon my welfare. And of the aforesaid Milo I promise you, that if it shall please you to embrace him, you shall not find a friend more courageous, grave, constant, and benevolous towards you; beside, my obligation, for the honour, which will redound unto me by this action, shall be no whit inferior to that, which I have already unto you, ●or having assisted me in my return from banishment. I know you are not ignorant, how much I am obliged to Milo, and consequently, how much I ought to help him in this his demand; I mean, not only when it were needful to contend civilly, but to ●ight with weapons. Therefore I will say no more. I recommend to you this cause, and remit myself unto your love. And assure you, that for such a courtesy, I shall hold myself in a manner more bound unto you, than I am to Milo himself, for having restored me into my Country. Because the content was not so great, that I ●ound of my freedom, which he principally procured; as the sweetness shall be, which I shall taste in showing him that thankfulness, which his received good turns merited: and so much I esteem of your favour, that I doubt not, but by it alone, our suits may fully be accomplished. Farewell.   

Cicero, vice-consul; to Caius Curio, Tribune of the people. Ep. 7.  
Friend's were not wont to be reprehended, though they slowly rejoice at other men's good fortunes, so their slackness proceeded not from negligence. For I live far off, and news comes hither but slowly. I rejoice then, that you have obtained the Tribuneship, and I desire, even from my heart, that you may purchase therein eternal praise. Further, I ex●ort you, that in all things you cleave to your own wisdom, and be not led by the nose, through other men's persuasions. No man can better advise you, than yourself. You shall never err, if you stick to your own counsels. I write not this without just cause. I know to whom I write it. I can judge of your understanding and wisdom. Questionless, being directed by your own judgement, you will never enter into any ignoble, or unworthy actions: neither will you ever ●ather any other, then discreet proceedings. And, being in these hard times of the Commonwealth possessed of your place (not by chance; but by your discretion: not by accident, b●t election; and at this time, when the state of public affairs is in danger) I am certain, you perceive, how far the nature of times, bear sway in the government thereof, what great variety of affairs there is, how doubtful their ends are, and how easily the humours of men bend, sometimes this, sometimes that way. Nor make I any question, but you understand, that all negotiations in this world, are carried with colour, and deceit. Open therefore your eyes, [I say] open them● a●d do as I have directed you: follow your own course, and only rely on your own counsels. A man should hardly find one, that can better advise another, than you: who then should better direct yourself? Good God, why am I not at Rome? that I might be an eyewitness of your honours, and as it were, enjoy a part in them; and be at hand to advise and counsel you● Though you have no such need: yet the sincerity and greatness of my love towards you, would so work, that my faithful instructions might stand you in some stead. But at another time, I'll write more at large, for within a few days, I mean to dispatch private messengers, to inform suddenly the Senate, briefly of the victories, we obtained over our enemies, all the last summer. By your freeman Thraso, I wrote unto you, how diligent I was about your Priesthood, and the difficulties I met withal. Dear Curio, by the unfeigned love we bear one another, I entreat you, that you will suffer me to spend no longer time, in the government of this Province, of which I now grow exceeding weary. I spoke unto you hereof, at Rome, no ways supposing, you should this year have been Tribune. And the same suit I often renewed by letters: but, then I sought your favour, as a noble Senator, and a young Gentleman generally beloved. Now I importune it, as from a Tribune of the people, nay, as from Curio the Tribune. I pray therefore be pleased, to use all means, not of coming to new consultation, which ordinarily is the more ●edious course, but rather to prevent the same: by requesting, that I may be tied to those conditions enjoined me, when I took upon me this government; which are extant in the Senate's decree, and by the Laws prescribed. Let me by all means crave thus much of you. Farewell.   

Cicero vice-consul, to M●rcus Coelius. Ep. 8.  
THis is not that which I expected from you: It may be you thought, I requi●ed you to write unto me of fencing encounters, the issues of suits, or of the thefts of Chr●stus: but I meant no such matter: for these are things, that when I was in Rome, no man would presume to acquaint me with. What looked I for then? observe, in what nature I esteem you, (and not without cause, for in all my days, certainly I have not known a more understanding man then yourself in Commonwealth causes) not that I care so much to have such trivial matters imparted to me, nay, nor will I that you should certify me of matters, of far higher consequence, daily discussed of in the Commonwealth, except they concerned myself: for, other ma●ters come divers ways to mine ●ares, and fame itself will relate them to me. I expect not therefore from you, either things past, or present, but r●ther those future, and to come, as from a man that is clear, and far sighted, that beholding a draught of the Common wealth's model in your letters, I may conceive what the whole structure will be. But I excuse you for not having sent me it hitherto, because nothing hath fallen out, that any of us might not foresee as well as you; you might rather have foreseen, than any of us, and especially myself, who was sundry days in Pompey's company, and ever in discourses of the Commonwealth, which neither can nor aught to be expressed in writing. Let me only tell you, that Pompeius is a famous, and faithful Citizen, and he wants neither courage, nor prudence, to constitute those ordinances for the preservation of the Commonwealth, which are fit and expedient: And therefore I would wish you, to offer him your love: do but observe how cheerfully he accepts of it. For now at length he holds that those are good, and those bad Citizens, that we were wont to hold so. I stayed in Athens ten whole days, where our good friend Gallus Caninius kept me always company. Upon this present, being the sixth of julie, I am to depart. I commend all my businesses, to your special care, but above all my desire is, that things may so be wrought, that this office of mine may not be prorogued. How you should carry yourself herein, I know you need not my direction; I will remit myself unto your wisdom. Farewell.   

Cicero Vice consul to Marcus Coelius Rufus, chosen AEDILE Curule. Epist. 9  
I Am very glad, both for mine own, and for your sake; of the dignity lately conferred on you, and for that which you attend hereafter. And, though I do this office slackly, it is not out of negligence, but because I hear not how matters pass at Rome, the journey being long, and the ways encumbered with thieves, which cuts off the expedition of news. I am glad then, not only for your present honour, but for those also, that are expected to succeed the same. And besides my contentment, I find myself deeply bound unto you: neither can I devose words to express my thanks, because you are come to it by such a means, that you have given us a subject of that condition, that will ever minister unto us matter of laughter. So soon as I heard of it, I set before my imagination the person of that man; (you know whom I mean) and I represented unto my thoughts, those his youths, of whom he so vainly gloried. I am scarce able to speak for laughing But, contemplating, ●ou absent, me thought I spoke thus unto you. I regard not how great a matter you have compassed; nor what offence you have committed. And in that the business had better issue than I expected. That saying came to my mind. I am told that, that is impossible. But presently I became full of all joy. For which being rebuked, as if I had been half ou● of my wits, I excused myself thus: 
Accuse me not good friends, great pleasure landing:  
Obscures my reason and mine understanding.  What should I say more? while I scoff at him, I seem as very a ●oole as himself. here I'll make a stop. Another time, when I have more leisure, I will write more copiously unto you, both of this and many other things that concern you. Rufus, I must needs love you, because Fortune hath made you a friend, to augment my honour; and curb, not only mine enemies; but even such also as envy me: that those may be sorry for their bad and dishonest parts; and these for their apparent follies. Farewell.   

Cicero Imp●rator, to Marcus Coelius Rufus Elected Aedile Curule. Ep. 10.  
I Cannot be persuaded, that you wrote not to me since your being made, Aedile, especially being elected with such disgrace to the honest man you wo● of, and so much joy of your friend's. But howsoever, since this happy Creation, that so rejoiced my heart, I never heard one word from you: which makes me ●eare lest my letters should miscarry as well as yours, and be intercepted by the way. I assure you, I never wrote to mine own house but you had a letter: neither could I do otherwise, the wo●ld not affording me a dearer, or greater friend ●hen yourself. Be careful therefore by whom you send me letters. Behold Coelius how it fall● out according to ●our own desire: I shall gain a Triumphant crown without ●oyning battle with the Parthians; of whom ●ou doubted, knowing ●hat my power was but weak, to encounter so strong ●n enemy. Conceive therefore; that when I heard of the Parthians approach ●nd remembered how w●ake I was in soldiers; I retired to places of advantage; and so came to Amanus trusting to the strength of that situation. I had in mine Army, a company of very good outlandish men. The mountainous people, who never knew me otherwise then by Fam●, came flocking in to see me. For in this country I many times overhear these words; Is this that Cicero which delivered Rome from the Treason, of those conspirators: to whom the Senate, etc. When I arrived at Amanus, which is a mountain that separates mine, from B●bulu● his province, by a ●orrent; C●●sius, to my singular contentment, had fought so victoriously, that he had driven the enemy from the siege of Anti●chia● Bibulus had taken upon him the Government of his Province; and I, with all my forces pursued certain rebels of Amanus, who had ●uer been● enemies unto us. Many of them wer● slain, many were by us taken: the r●●i●fled some into one, some into another quarter. A few strong places there were, which we suddenly surprising, to●ke, and set one fire. And this victory w●s of that import, as I deserved to be ●n●tituled, by the Army, IMPERATOR, according to the manner's And this honour I received before Issus, where Clitarchus told you, that Dariu● was vanquished by Alexander. Th●● performed, I marched along with mi●● Army, to certain fortifications, which dai●ie foraged all Cilicia: and now I am b●fore an exceeding strong town, called P●ndenissus, which I have beleaguered th●se five and twenty days, with argives, vine●, or shelters, and turrets: ●nd were it [a town] of note, I might hope thereby to win much honour●●or believe me 'tis as difficult, and dangerous an enterprise, as could be undertaken: If I take it in, (as I make no doubt) the Senate shall forthwith be advertised thereof. These precedent circumstances I thought good to let you know, for your further hopes of that success, which you desire. But to return to the Parthians, we have passed over this Somm●r, with reasonable event, to our satisfaction; but 'tis very doubtful what may hereafter ensue. And therefore noble Rufus, use your best endeavours to procure me a successor in ●his charge; or, if this (as you write, and I suppose) be hard to compass, let not my Command in any wise be prolonged: for this will readily be granted Furthermore, I instantly request you, to write unto me of the state, not only of present, but future affairs: and vouchsafe herein to be ve●y vigilant, and careful. Farewell.   

Cicero Imperator, to Coelius Aedile Curule. Ep. 11.  
WOuld you ever think I could want words, and not you●s only so elegant, but even those vulgar [terms] that ordinarily pass betwixt us? yet this want do I find: for, in that I am much troubled with the fear of what will be resolved on, about the Provinces; I am exceeding desirous ●o return to Rome: I can forbear the sight of my friends no longer: I am incomparably weary of my Province: ei●her because I have already purchased such fame, that I need not so much labour to augment it, as fear, lest Fortune diminish it; or in that thi● employment, is not proportionable to my forces, which can, and ha●e sustained far weightier burdens o● the Commonwealth; or else in very deed, because an hot war is looked ●or, which may be avoided, as I suppose, if I be suffered to depart at the time appointed. As for your Panthers, I have spoken to diverse who t●ke them, that they should by all means get me some: but th●y light on so few now, as 'tis wonderful; and they too, as men commonly say, complain exceedingly, that all th●ngs are secure in my prou●nce besides themselves, and therefore they resolved to pass over into Cariae. Notwithstanding, they daily look for some there, and especially from Patiscus; those that are found shall be all yours; but yet I tell you not how many. Out of doubt your Aedileship gave me hearty contentment, and this present time renewed the memorial thereof: for I wrote this letter on the Festival day of the great Mother of the Gods. I pray send me a particular information, of the whole state of the commonwealth, because I may boldly build upon the truth of your advertisements. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Coelius Aedile Curule. Ep. 12.  
THE great rumours, which, (as I heard) fell out in Rome, on the festival days of the goddess Minerva, by reason of speeches made unto the people; keep my mind I assure you, in continual trouble, because I could never hear further of it: and yet that which most grieves me is, that among these stirs, if there be any thing worthy of laughter, I cannot make myself merry with you: for I well know, there are many [th●ngs] but I dare not write them. One thing I dislike, that you would never vouchsafe to certify me, what happened in Rome. Wherefore upon the receipt of this letter, though the prescribed time of my Government will be out, yet would I be glad to meet with yours, to be truly acquainted with the present state of the Commonwealth: to the end, when I araque, I may not be a mere stranger. Your friend Diogenes, a very discreet, and well governed man, went from me, with Philo in his company, from Pessinus, to go seek King Deiotarus, though they know well enough, that he is neither rich, nor bountiful. Live in Rome, o Rufus, that is, in the eye of the world, Men in other places become base, and obscure; who in Rome through industry, might quickly grow famous. Having ever known thus much, and from my tender youth believed so, I would I had been constant in this opinion. To tell you true, I esteem more of a friendly walk, and familiar discourse between ourselves, then of whatsoever honour, or profit may accrue from my Province. 'Tis questionless, that this government will confer upon me, the respect, and commendation of integrity: and my gains therein had been as much, had I remained at Rome. Oh, but you will tell me of a Triumph: What more glorious Triumph is there, then to enjoy the presence of those things that are most dear unto me, from which I have so long been absent. But I verily hope to see you shortly. On my way let me meet with letters, worthy yourself. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Coelius Aedile Curule. Ep. 13.  
THough your letters be rare, (and those peradventure sometimes not faithfully delivered me) yet do they yield me great contentment. What wisdom might I perceive in your last? how lovingly and prudently you advice me? and though I was resolved to take the same course, that you prescribe me, yet when the opinions of wise men and faithful friends concur with our own, we like our former determination the better. I love Appius dearly, as I have many times told you: and he seemed no less to love me, presently after we were reconciled. For both being Consul, he gave me great respect and honour: and he conversed with me most lovingly; and appeared also to ●ffect those studies, to which I was addicted. And I for my part, have omitted no occasion, wherein I might do him any pleasure: of which I desire no other witness, than yourself; for, Phania's testimony, I think, is of no great authority. And I love him the better, because he professeth so much love towards you● Besides this, you know how dear Pompeius is unto me, and that I love B●utus with all my heart. Why should I not ●●raine myself to favour him? Is he not of a flourishing age, rich, and powerful? Is h●e not gotten to a high degree of honour? Hath he not a rare wit? Doth he not abound in progeny, kindred & friends? And which is more, is he not my Colleague? Hath he not dedicated his inventions unto me? I am transported thus far, to remove from you that suspicion, which our letters imply of my affection towards him. You must needs have heard something. But be assured, they are deceived. And though in my Provincial managing, I take some different courses from his; whereupon some may suppose, that I do this rather out of a secret hatred, then through diversity of opinion, yet did I never either say, or do any thing, with a prejudicial intention to his honour. And this case excepted, which Dolobella's temerity hath exposed me unto, I am ready to become an humble Suitor for him in any d●nger One part of your letter, where you write that the City sleeps, rejoiced me much, conceiving thereby, that, that same friend of ours, was grown cold. But the last words of your hand-writing, pierced my very heart. What? doth Curio defend Caesar? Who, but myself, would believe it? for, as I live, I thought so. Oh how I desire to laugh with you. Because I had visited all parts of my Province, and made you a relation thereof, and that I had enriched: he Cities, and persuaded the people to pay the customers, not only the impositions of these present five years, but the remainder also of those five that are past: and had ●ound no condition of men, but did think well thereof; I determined the seu●nth of May, to pass into Cilicia: and after I had been at the Camp, and h●d taken speedy order, for whatsoever concerned the Army; to take my journey towards Rome, according as the Senate decreed. I would fain see you in your Aedile-ship. And I think every day a year, till I be in Rome, and amongst my friends; but especially with yourself. Farewell.   

Cicero, Imperator; to Marcus Coelius, Aedile Cur●le. Epist. 14.  
THere is great familiarity, between me, and Marcus Fabius, a very honest & a learned man: And I love him heart●ly, not so much for his wit and learning, which is great, as for rare modesty I ●ee in him. I recommend unto you his cause, with the same care and love, as if it were mine own. I know the custom of you great Lawyers; you receive no Client under an Homicide. But in this man's case, no excuse can se●ue you. If you wish me well, lay all other business apart, when Fabius shall need your help I am very desirous to understand, how matters go at Rome: and above the rest, I would know how you dispose of yourself, it being long since I heard any news at all: but this hard winter is the cause thereof. Farewell.   

Cicero, Imperator; to Marcus Coelius, Aedile Curule. Epist. 15.  
I Could have wished no greater prudence, or expedition, than you and Curio used, in obtaining my suites● which gives me special satisfaction; both for their speedy prosecution, and also in that our Competitor, who was angry with us, hath approved in the Senate of those high praises, wherewith C●to honoured me, in relating my actions. Now provide yourself to procure me the Triumph also: for I hope to obtain it. I am glad ●ou have a good opinion of Dolabella, and withal, that you love him. Whereas you say, my Tullia's discretion must be the best means, to correct some of his defects, I know you speak this, for that which you once wro●e unto me about him: what ●ould you say now, if you saw, what I then wrote to Appius: But what should we do? Thus goes the world. God send me good of this affinity, and that Dolob●lla may prove as good a ●o● in law, as we desire, and as I hope he will prove, the rather for the good instructions you may give him, out of your accustomed good conditions, and nature. N●w, I am wonderfully perplexed about the Commonwealth. I am a friend to Curio; I affect Caesar's honour: I could spend my life for Pompeius: yet I love the Commonwealth above all other● Labour not you much in this behalf, for me thinks I perceive you are taking care: in that you would be both a good Citizen, and a good friend. I ha●e resigned over the government of my Province to Coelius, my Quaestor. To a child, youl'le say? And I answer, To a Quaestor, and a brave noble youth: And all have almost done the like; & there was no man, that for his honour and worth, was more worthy of it. Pontinius departed long before. My brother Quintus had refused the charge: And say I had also left it him; evil minds might have reported, that this was no leaving of a charge, when he but surrenders it to a Brother. And they peradventure would have added: that the Senate's meaning was, the government of Provinces should be given only to them, that never before had the like office: and that my brother held the government of Asia, ●or three whole years. In a word, I am rid of all care: If I had left my brother there: I should have feared every blast of wind. Neither did I this out of mine own brain, but led by the example of such men; who being v●ry mighty, yet sought the general amity of the Cassijs, & Antenij. Though for my part, I strove not so much, to win this young man; as not to o●fend, and make him an enemy; As I should h●ue done in giving this dignity to any other. You ought to approve of this my course, if for nought else, at least because there is no retiring backward You write very darkly to me, touching Occila, neither find I any thing in the Records. Your actions are so spread abroad, that your very marriage is known beyond mount Taurus. If the Easterly winds stay me not, I hope out of hand to see you. Farewell.   

Cicero Imperator, to Marcus Coelius Aedile. Ep. 16.  
YOur letter's would have brought me much grief, but that as w●ll mine own reason freed me of all cares; as also, my mind being long time plunged in despair, is now become so obdurate, that it entertaineth no new sorrow, yet I know not what the contents of my former letters might be, through which you should so censure of things as you write. I complained of the present troubles, whereat you also grieved: For I never found you so blind in understanding, but that you could see the same, which I discern. One thing I wonder at, that you who should know me so well, should ever be induced to think, that I am either so inconsiderate, that when I may sa●le securely, I will bear out into the m●ine: or so inconstant, that in an instant I should shake off the favour of so mighty a man, which I have with so long travail obtained: and be an enemy to myself, by my personal assistance in a civil war, which from the beginning, and always I have shunned● what is then this my pensive resolu●ion? peradventure to retire me into some solitary place, for you may be sure● that not only my mind, to which yours once was answerable, but also mine eyes cannot endu●e to behold the insolences of some unworthy persons. Whereunto is to be added this troublesome pomp of my Lictors, and this imperial title, which hath b●ene imposed on me. For if this were not, my burden would be fair more tolerable. I could be content, to withdraw myself, into any obscure, or solitary place within Italy; but this my dignity, lai●s me open, no● to th● eyes only, but to t●e tongues also of such as are malevolent: and yet I never determine to leave Italy without your pr●uit●e. But lest I should be troublesome to my friends, I am constrained to live at these little Farms I have upon the Sea coast. And upon this, diverse suspect, that I mind to pass the Seas, which peradventure would stand with my liking, if I thought to arrive in some peaceable part. For it besitteth not me to go to war, principally against one, to whom I have always showed myself a friend: and in his assistance, to whom I can never be thankful enough. And you cannot but carry in mind, what I once so freely told you, when you met me at Cumanum. Remember you not then, how far I was from abandoning Rome? And when some speech grew of leaving it, did I not protest unto you, that I w●uld rather stand to all chances, then forsake Italy, to enter into a civil war? Hath any thing since fallen out to make me alter my mind? rather all accidents have concurred, to maintain my former resolution. I swear unto you, and I suppose you do bele●u● me; that amidst these miseries I seek nothing else, but that men may perceive, that as I have always affected peace; so b●ing out of hope to effect it, I have s●unned civil war with all my power I hope, I shall never repent my s●lfe of this my constancy. For if Qui●tus H●rtensius was wont to boast, that he never assisted in a civil w●r●●; ●uch more should I be commended for the same. For in him it was reputed but a kind of cowardice; And my former proceedings remove this imputation. Neither am I dismayed at those dangers, which your viscerall love, propounds unto me; because there is no kind of disaster, which seems not to oppress every one in these troublesome times: from which questionless with mine own particular prejudice, and ●uen with those which you exhort me to shun, I would most willingly have freed the Commonwealth. To my son, whom I am glad you so dear esteem, if the Commonwealth stand firm, I shall leave a rich patrimony, in leaving him the memorial of my name. But if the Common wealth dissolve, no worse can come to his share, then falls ●o other Cittize●s. Whereas you pray me, to be careful of my son in law, a worthy young man, and dear unto me, you may well conjecture, that I am nearly touched on his behalf, considering the ●ntire love I bear to him, and my daughter Tullia. And I tell you thus much, that amongst the common miseries, the small hope I had, was, that he would avoid all those molestations, which his ou●r-free disposition made him run into. Inquire I pray you; while he remained in Rome, what days were they, how bitter to himself, and to me his Father in law how dishonourable? Therefore, I neither attend the end of the war in Spain; which I am certain will be such, as you write unto me; nor have I any other stratagem in my head. If the City ever recover her former state, undoubtedly, there shall be also some place for us: if it shall no● recover, I believe that you also will retire to the same solitary places, where you hear we are settled. But I dream perhaps; and all these things may have a better issue, than we expect. For I call to mind the fears of those, which were old when I was a young man. Who knows, whither I am not come to be of the same disposition, following the common defect of my years? God grant, it prove so: but yet I am sure you have heard, that there is an embroidered gown a weaving for Opius. And our friend Cur●ius will have one twice died: but the Dyer makes him d●u●ce attendance. I would needs put in this clause, that you might perceive, that I can still be merry, though I be a little moved. I desire, you may see that come to pass of Dol●bella, which I have told yo●. And make reckoning, that it is your own case. To conclude, be assured, ●hat I will do nothing without my friend's counsel: but I beseech you, that wheresoever I shall be, you will defend both me, and my children in such sort, as best stands with our amity, and you● own loyalty. Farewell.   

Cicero Imperator, to Caninius Salustius Vice-quaestor. Epist. 17.  
YOur officer on the xvii. of julie, delivered me your letters at Tarsis: whereunto I will particularly answer, as you seem to desire. I hear not a word of any Successor in my place, neither do I think, that any man shall succeed. There is nothing to the contrary, why I may not depart, at the ●ime appointed; especially all fear of the Parthian war being taken away. And I think not to stay in any place, I have an opinion, that I shall go as fa●re as Rhodes, to see my son; and nephew, But I dare not assure you ●hereof. I would fain be with all spe●d in R●me, yet I'll proceed in my voyage according to the intelligence, that I shall receive from thence. And according as I shall think, that it may turn to the benefit of the Commonwealth Your Successor cannot come so soon, that you may meet me in Asia. Whe●e you tell me, that Bibulus grants you an ample freedom, from rendering an account of that you have received; I gr●unt you it were good for you that it w●re so, bu● I am not of opinion, that the law julia will tolerate it: which Bibulu● observes not for some peculiar reasons of his owne● but if you approve of my council: I would advise you to observe it. In that you write, I should not disfurnish Apamea of men; I see that some are of the same opinion, and I am very sorry, that I have g●u●n occasion to malignant spirits to prattle thereof so untowardly. Whether the Parthians are returned or no, besides yourself, I know no man makes doubt: and because this news was generally divulged for certain, I cashiered so great a number of choice soldiers; whom, I had placed in the guarisons of the Cities. It was not ●rue, that I sent you, my Qu●sto●s accounts; nor, were they yet finished● I mean to leave a copy of them in Apamea. Concerning th● booty, that came to my hand● in th●s war, no man laid hand vpo●'t, nor shall touch one farthing thereo●, except the Quaestors of Rome, that is, the people of Rome: I am minded to return all the common treasure, by the Bankers of Laodicea. From whom I will take security, that it m●y be paid in without my danger: Whereas you move me in a matter of ●e● thousand crowns, I can in no sort furnish you: because one part of the treasure, amounting of the sporle, is already in the conveyors hands: and mine own portion the Quaestor hath received. For your demand, concerning my opinion of the Legions, which by the Senate's order, are to come into Syria: at fi●st I doubted, whether they should come or no: but now I assure myself, that they shall not come, when they shall understand, that there is no danger of war in Syria. I see well enough, that Marius, successor to Bibulus will ar●iue very late, because order was set down, that he should bring men along with him. I have answered one o● your letters, now I come to another. You entreat me, that I would write to Bibulus in your behalf, with all importunity possible. To which I answer, tha● I am ready herein to give you all con●en●ment: but yet I have some cause to complain of you, that alone, amongst all those which are about Bibulus, you did not advertise me of the evil opinion, that he conceives of me without cause. For many have told me, that Antiochia being in great fear, and much hope being reposed in me and my army, he should say, that he would rather suffer any extremity, then seem to have need of my aid. And, that you have concealed this from me displeaseth me not, understanding what respect a Quaestor should bear ●o a Praetor. And I heard before, what terms he stood upon wi●h you. Moreover, when he wrote to Thermus touching the Parthian war, I had not so ●uch as the least word from him concerning it; to whom he knew well, that the danger of that war did appertain. Neither did he ever w●ite unto m●, more ●hen once, to recommend his son unto me when he s●ood for the Augureship. Whereupon I, mo●ed by compassion, ●nd because I ●uer affected his son, I would not but answer him very courteously: but if he be of that humour, ●hat he bears an evil mind to every man, which I could never believe, I ought to care ●he l●sse, t●ough he loves not me neither. But if he have any particular hatred to myself, my l●tters will stand you in small st●ad That he ha●es me, I manifestly discern by this, that he hath written to the Senate, how he hath used all endeavours, that the money might be made ou●r by exchange, to the people's advantage; attributing only to himself that glory, which was no l●sse mine then his own: saying further, that he was the man, who sent back the troops of h●rse of Lombardie, to ease the people of such a charge: which was my action, and none of hi●. He hath afterwards made me partaker of a business, which concerns himselve only; affirming that the provision of provender for the oullandish horse, was demanded by us both. But what more manifest testimony o● his malignant, and ●a●e nature can be required, ●hen● w●it●ng to A●io●arz●n●s, to whom, the Senate at malmquist, had given the title o● King, he styled him not K●ng, but soon ●o King A●i●barzanes It is not good to commend any one, to men of that condition; because in such a ca●e they do worse. But, to do you ● pleasure, I have written to him. Abou● the delivering, or not delivering i●, use your own discretion. Farewell.   

Cicero Imperator, to Quintus Thermus Vice praetor. Epist. 18.  
I Am very glad, that my endeavours for Rhodon, and other favours that I have showed to your most grateful self, and yours, have been acceptable. And persuade yourself, that daily, more and more, I affect your honour: the which by your justice, and clemency, you ha●e indeed, already so amplified, that it seems not, that any thing more can be added thereunto. But ruminating every day upon your occasions, I cannot but like well of my counsel, that I gave to Aristo, from th● beginning, when he came to find me: it seeming unto me, that you would draw upon yourself too powerful an enmity, i● this young man, who is po●ent and mighty, ●●ould receive such an injury f●om you. And doubtless it might ●e well termed an injury: beca●s●●h●re is no● any man, whom the 〈◊〉 o● ho●or exceedeth hi●. And h●, (le● us 〈◊〉 aside his nobility,) in thi● respect, is superior to your Legates, (m●n certainly of honest condition, and harmless p●rsons,) in that he is not only Quaestor, but your own Quaestor. I understand sufficiently, that no man's il● will can prejudice y●u: but yet I would not therefore, th●t thre● Brothers of a most noble family, courageous, and eloquent, should be angry with you, especially, upon som● ground. Fo● I see, that they are all three, like to be Tribunes of the people, one after an other; and who knows the cond●●ion of times, which shall succeed in the Commonwealth, I for my part, am of opinion, that there will be troubles. Why therefore, would you expose yourself, to ●he displeasure of th● Tribunes? especially, wh●n, without any check, you may prefer the Quaestor before the Legates: who, if he follow the steps of his predecessors, ●s I hope and desire; yourself shall par●icipa●● of his commendation: if otherwise, the whole infamy will redound to himself only. Going into Cilicia, I thought good to write my opinion unto you. I pray God, that whatsoever you do, may turn to your own contentment. But if you'll follow my advice, you shall avoid these oppositions, and be careful of the quietness of your posterity. Farewell.   

Cicero Imperator, to Caius Coelius, son to Lucius, elected Quaestor. Epist. 19  
WHEN I heard the wished news, of your being elected my Quaestor, I was in hope, that from thence, so much the greater contentment should redound unto me, by how much the longer you were like to continue with me in the Province: and it was very necessary, that to the near tye of amity, by which fortune hath linked us, familiar conversation should also be annexed. Afterwards, because neither yourself, nor any other wrote unto me of your coming, I doubted (as still I do) lest I should depart from the Province, before you arrived there: I since received your letters, written with singular humanity, which were delivered me, the xxii. of june in Cilicia, where I was with the Army. And in those, I discovered your courteous, and ingenuous nature: bu● they do not express, neither from whence, nor when they were dated, or at what time I should expect you; neither could I know it from the bearer, because you told him not. Which circumstances being uncertain, I determined notwithstanding, to send my S●ators, and Lictors, with these present letters: the which if you receive timely enough, I should be very glad, that you would out of hand come unto me into Cilicia: your cos●n Curio (and as you know) my dear friend, and Caiu● Virginius your kinsman, and our familiar acquaintance, have written effectually to me in your recommendation, and questionless, they have wrought the same effect th●y worthily did merit, but yet your letters were of greater ●ffect, especially being written, of your new dignity, which unto both of us will give occasion of a more inward amity. Fortune could not allot me a Quaestor, more pleasing unto me then yourself: and therefore I will do any thing to advance your honour: ●hat all men may clearly discern, that I have had a du● respect both to you● own, and the dignity o● your Ancestors. But this I may th● better effect, if you come unto me in Cilicia, the which, in my opinion, greatly importeth both me, the Commonwealth, and yourself especially. Farewell.    

THE THIRD BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Cicero to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Epist. 1.  
I Know your Freeman Phania, to be so discreet, and have noted him so vigilant, in observing what is done in the Commonwealth, th●t if herself could possibly inform you of her own state, I cannot think she could give you the●in, better satisfaction than he can give you. wherefore he can sufficiently inform you of all things. And it is a good excuse for my brevity: beside, for some other respects, it is also more secure. But for my love to you, though the said Phania can say enough, yet I think it not altogether impertinent, that myself likewise, assure you thereof. Be therefore most secure, that you are very dear unto me, both for the estimable parts of your wit, nobility, and courtesy; as further, because you write, and because I have heard it from others, that all the good offices I have employed in your behalf, are acceptable to you. And seeing Fortune, by losing the knot of our near familiarity, hath deprived us for so long a time, of familiar conversation; I will labour to restore that which I did loose, by now favouring and assisting you, as far as I am any ways able● wherein I shall esteem myself happy, if I may perceive, that this my affectionate desire, be as acceptable to your kindred, as I know it is to yourself. I never knew your Freeman Cilix before he brought me your letters, which were full of love and courtesy. And he also ha●h done me herein a wonderful kindness, by relating daily to me, with singular contentments the great love that you bea●● me, and which in all your discourses, you demonstrate unto me. ●hat need I say more? In two days he is grown domestical with me, but for all that, it cannot be that I should not be very desirous of Phania's return, whom when you send back to Rome, which I suppose will be shortly: I pray: enjoin him to use me in any thing wherein I am able to do you service. I friendly recommend unto you Lucius Valerius, a Doctor of the Laws, and I recommend him, tho●gh he were not in effect a Doctor: For I will be more wary in writing to you of him, than he useth to be in advising others. I wish him marvelous well, he is one of the most inward, and trusty friends that I have. He acknowledgeth himself greatly bound unto you, but yet he writes that I shall do him a wonderful favour, by recommending him unto you; wherein I beseech you, that you will not frustrate his expectation. Farewell.   

C●cero vice-consul, to Appius Pul●her Imperator. Epist. 2.  
SEeing it hath so fortuned, both against my will, ●nd beyond expectation, that I must necessarily repair to the government of this Province. Amongst the multitude of my molestations, and in my sundry cares and cogitations, I have found this only comfort, that none could have succeeded you, which stands be●ter affected to you then myself: neither could I wish to have received my Province from any man, more desirous to resign it me disincombred, and free from all disturbance. And, if you hope also, that I bea●e the same affection towards you; undoubtedly you shall never herein be deceived. Out of our inward love, and by your great humanity, I earnestly entreat you, that, wherein soever you may (as in many things, it will be in your power) you would be● very careful of my affairs. The Senate, as ●ou perceive, commits this Prou●nce to my charge. If you leave it me, as little encumbered as you can● I shall proceed in the course of my office. You know how far in this yo● may assist me. I earnestly entreat you that you will bethink yourself of every thing wherein you may pleasure me. I wo●ld use more words abou● this matter, but that I fear I should wrong your courtesy; and offend o● ancient friendship, which between us, suffers no superfluous ceremonies: be●ides, there needs not many words in a matter that speaks sufficiently for i● self. I promise you assuredly, that If I understand you have a regard to m● proceedings, you shall find therein, ample satisfaction, and contentment. Farewell.   

Cicero vice-consul, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Ep. 3.  
WHen I came to Brundisium, the xxii. of May, Quintus Fabius your Lega●e, came to seek me: and by your order told me that which not only I, whom it concerned, but the whole Senate also called to mind; that t●is Province required a stronger gustison. For almost all were of opinion, that my Legions, and those of Bibulu● should be made up with Italian soldiers. Whereunto Sulpicius the Consul, saying, he would not consent, I much complained thereof; but the Senate so greatly hastened my departure, that I was forced to obey him, as I did Now I desire, you would carry in mind, what I demanded of you in the letters, which I delivered at Rome to your posts: which was, that whatsoever one could effect, for the ease of a domestical and loving friend, in visiting the Province, you would procure with all affection and diligence, for the inviolable love I bear you: that every one might plainly discern, that neither I could ever have succeeded any man, more devoted to me than you, nor you resign the Province to any, who loved you more dearly than I By those, which you wrote unto the Senate, whereof you sent me a copy, I understood, that you had cashiered a great number of soldiers: but the above mentioned Fabius certified me, that you had indeed such a determination, but at his departure, it was not yet effected. If it be so, you shall do me a singular kindness, not to weaken so small an army. And as I suppose, you have received the decrees enacted by the Senate to this purpose. Such is ●he love I bear you, that any thing you do, shall give me satisfaction: but yet I am confident, you will be ready also ●o perform that, which accrueth to my benefit, and commodity. I expected Caius P●ntinius my Legate, at Br●nd●sium, and I think he will be there, be●ore the first of june, as soon as he comes, we will take shipping, with the first opportunity. Farewell.   

Cicero vice-consul, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Ep. 4.  
THe fourth of june, being at Brun●usium, I received your letters, wherein you write, that Lucius Clodius shall impart something to me in your name. I earnestly looked for him, to hear what he would have delivered, touching your commission. I hope by many testimonies, you are now sufficiently satisfied, of the affection I bear towards you, and the special desire I have to serve you: and yet you shall be●ter understand, when greater occasion shall be given to show it, how deeply your honour, and dignity is imprinted in my heart. Quintus Fabius Virgilianus, and Caius Flaccus, son to Lucius, and Marcus Octavius, son to Cneius, have all three made known unto me, how dear you value my amity: which I formerly collected, by many presumptions, especially in that delectable book of Augurations, written so lovingly, and dedicated to me. Whatsoever one friend can do for another, I will not leave undone for your sake; not only because I ever honoured you, from the first day you began to love me: but further, in that I infinitely esteem two persons, of two several ages, Cnei●s Pompeius your daughter's father in law, and Marcus Brutus your son in law. Moreover, myself having been received into the College of the Augurs, me thought this degree of honour, especially approved by you, with my great reputation, was as it were a band, to link us together, in an indissoluble society. But if Clodius speak with me, I shall have ampler matter whereof to write, and I'll do what possible I can, to see you out of hand. Whereas you write, that you lingered so long in your Province of purpose to meet me, I must needs confess it gave me great contentment. Farewell.   

Cicero vice-consul, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Ep. 5.  
I Came to Trallis on the xxvii. of july. There Lucius Lucilius presented me your letters, and related what by word of mouth you did commit unto him. You could not have sent me a man that was more my friend, neither as I think more wise and discreet, to inform me of such matters, as I desired to understand. I have read your letters with great satisfaction, and gave a diligent ear to Lucilius: Now, you being of opinion also, that ceremonies should not pass betwixt us, (for, you write: though you have read, with much contentment what so ●uer by me was mentioned about mutual kind offices, discharged one to another; yet because I ●etch't my relation of them somewhat too far about; you thought them not altogether so requisite) and because indeed they are merely superfluous, when the amity is such, as hath been long tried, and that there is no further doubt of faithfulness; I will lay them aside: thanking you only, as I have reason, for the loving diligence, you use, in reforming the state of the Province, to facilitate my government of the same. First therefore, I thank you for so courteous an office, than I engage my faithful promise unto you, that with all endeavour and zeal, I will ever labour, that first yourself, and all your friends, and others afterwards may also perceive, wh●t a friend I am unto you. And of thus much, whosoever he be, that's ignorant, he rather seems, to be discontented at our friendship, than not to be privy to it. But certainly, it shall apparently be known. For it shall be made manifest by no obscure, nor ignoble persons; neither in occasions lightly importing: but let the effects ●ather prove this, than my words. And in that you write, that going the same way I intend, you fear, you shall not see me in the Province, I will reveal the whole matter to you. Talking with Phania your Freeman in Erundusi●●n, I remember I said, I would willingly have entered into the Province, on that part that stood best with your liking: to which he ●●plied, that you meant to come by Sea, and therefore you would be glad, that I were arrived at Sida, a maritime part of the Province: I told him I would: and so had done, but that Lucius Clodius advised me in Corcyra no● to enter into this encumbrance, because at my arrival, you would be in Laodicea. This was a far shorter cut, and more commodious; principally in that it gave you better satisfaction: but afterwards you altered your resolution. Now, you shall understand my design, to the end that you may gather, a● you may easily, if there be any way for our meeting. I think to be at Laodicea, on the last of julie: and there will I continue for certain days, for the receipt of some moneys, which I made over by way of exchange from Rome. Then will I take my course towards the army; so that in the midst of September, I make account to be at Iconium. But if I mistake myself in writing, (for I know not what may happen) whensoever I set forwards you shall be advertised of my journeys from day to day, with all possible expedition, and diligence. I neither dare, nor willingly will impose upon you any burden, but if it may be with your conveniency, it greatly imports us both, that we should meet, before you leave the Province. If any evil hap, prevent this our interview, yet notwithstanding in the government of this Province, I will have no less care of your honour, and reputation, then if I had seen you. I will not write unto you, that you should perform any thing on my behalf, till I be out of hope, of meeting you. Whereas you write, that you requested Scaevola, during your absence, to govern the Province till my arrival; I saw him in Ephesus, and he kept me company for those three days, that I stayed there, but he spoke not a word, of your moving him to any such matter. I would he could, for I cannot be persuaded, that he would not have served you. Farewell.   

Cicero vice-consul, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Epist. 6.  
WHen I compare that which I have done, with that which hath been by you performed, I am far better satisfied in mine own, then in your proceedings. Although I desire, that in true love, we may discharge ourselves reciprocally. Phania's fidelity in all your affairs, b●ing well known unto me, and in what esteem he is with you, in Brundisium I was bold ●o ask of him, by what pa●t he thought you would have me make entrance into the Province: He answering me, that I could not please you better, then to go by shipping to Sida. I promised to do so; though I did it with great discommodity, and little credit. But afterwards meeting in Corcyra, Lucius Clodius, a man so possessed of your heart, that talking with him, me thought I spoke with yourself, I said to him, that I meant to take the same course, Phania prescribed me: then he giving me thanks, for the entire affection I showed herein, importuned me, to go directly to Laodicea; affirming, that you would reside in the edge, or skirt of the Province, for your more ready departure: and, but that I was Successor, whom you so much desired to s●e, you would have been gone before your Successors coming. Which fitly confronted with the letters, that I received in Rome: by which I perceived what haste you made to depart. I answered Clodius, that I was ready to do as he counselled me, and far more willingly, then to perform my promise unto Phania. So that hereupon changing my determination, I presently wrote a letter unto you, with mine own hand, which was delivered timely enough, as your answer thereunto implies. In doing this, I have, as I suppose, discharged my part, neither could I show any greater kindness. Now with this, compare what you have done. You did not only not come thither, where you might with the soon have had sight of me. but you removed into those parts, where I could not possibly arrive, within the term of those thirty days, which were assigned you, for your departure, as I suppose, by the law Cornelia. So that it seemed unto them, who were not acquainted with our mutual affections, that you seek to avoid our meeting; and consequently (to say no worse) that you were but a cold friend unto me: but on the other side, they judge, me most loving to you. And in deed, before I came into the Province I received your letters, in which, though you certified me, of your going to Tarsus, nevertheless you gave me assured hope of our meeting. Yet some persons afterwards, and as I believe, malicious (for many at this day are possessed with that vice) having fit matter to talk of, and being no ways acquainted with the stability of my mind, laboured to alienate me from your friendship, alleging unto me, that you had some interest in Tarsus, that you established, and performed many things; whereas, you might have considered, that when I was entered into the Province, it belonged not to you, further to govern it. Which neither they were ever wont to do, that within a short time expected the arrival of their Successor. But these men's words never troubled me; rather, being true, I was beholding to you, for you eased me herein, of a part of my burden; and I rejoiced, that whereas the employment of my government was to continue for a whole year, which I thought overlong, I was by your means eased, of a month's labour and travail. One thing, (to speak truth) displeaseth me, that, of those few soldiers, which remained in the Province, there wanted no less than three Cohorts, which were more entire than the rest; and, ●hat I cannot learn how they are disposed of. But above all it grieves me, that I cannot certainly understand, where to see you: and I deford writing, for no other cause, but by reason, I hourly expected your presence. But because you wrote nothing to me, I have sent unto you, Antonius, Conductor of the new Supplies, a valiant man, and one in whom, I pu● great confidence; that, if you think good, you may assign to him the charge of the Infantry: that I may attempt some enterprise, while the season of the year serves. Wherein, both our amity, and your letters, put me in hope that I should not want, your best directions, neither do I yet despair of those hopes. But questionless, when, or where I may see you, except you certify me by writing, I cannot so much as imagine. For that which belongs to me; both good, and bad shall apparently see, that my mind is as friendly addicted to love you, as possibly it can be. For yours, you have given ill disposed men some occasion to surmise the contrary; do but reclaim this error, and I will hold you most dear unto me. And because you might consider, or cast where we may meet, without the breach of the Cornelian law; I arrived in my Province on the last of july: I go into Ci●icia, by way of Cappad●●ia. I removed the Camp from Iconium, the last of August. Now, for the time when you may most fitly meet with me, you may take order at your pleasure, casting up the day's journeys, and the way; where it may be effected, and on what day, without any inconvenience to either of us. Farewell.   

Cicero vice-consul, to Appius Pulcher. Ep. 7.  
WHen I have more time, I●le write more at large; I wrote these in great haste, Brutus servants being to depart for Rome without any stay; so as, I had no time to write to any body else but to you, and Brutus. The Appian Legates, brought me, I cannot say a letter, but rather an entire volume, full of unjust complaints, because by my letters, I hindered their building. In the same epistle you entreated me, forthwith to give them licence to build, before the winter came upon them: & withal, checking me covertly, you complained that I prohibited them, to collect the tribute: before myself, made acquainted with the matter, had given licence; you affirming that this was but a kind of crossing their courses; in that I could not inform me of this matter before the winter, after my return out of Cilicia● Now, conceive rightly, whether you have any cause to complain of me. divers parties came crying out, and saying, They were grievously exacted upon, through the paying of intolerable tributes. I wrote, that nothing should be done therein, before I had well examined the matter: can any man say this was injustice? Oh, but you'll tell me I could not be informed thereof before the winter: I grant it: but should I go seek my informations from them, or they come to me? What you'll say, so far off? When you wrote unto me that I should permit them to build before Winter: supposed you not that they were to come where I was? though in deed, they committed an absurdity, worthy of derision. For, they sent me the letters when winter was almost ended, importing a suit, that they might finish their work in the Summer that was passed: but know, howsoever, I am ready to observe your pleasure; although, they are far more in number, that refuse to pay such tributes, than those, that are therewith contented. Concerning the Appians this may suffice. Pausania, Lentulus' freeman, and an officer of mine, tells me, that to him you seemed offended, that I met you not. Did I this, think you, out of any disesteem of you, and because I am the proudest man in the world? A man of yours, came after midnight, and informed me, that you would be at Iconium before day. When, being two several ways, and not knowing by which you might have come, I sent Varro, a familiar acquaintance of yours, one way, and Quintus Lepta, chief of the engineers of mine army another: enjoining both of them, to come post before, that I might go out to mere you: Lepta came running and told me, how you were gone beyond the army: I came presently to Iconium. How the matter went afterwards you know: why should not I come and meet you? First being Appius Claudius, then being Appius Imperator. Moreover, it being the custom of our predecessors? and, which is of greater importance, you being my friend? especially, I having ever been, more observant in such offices, than ever stood with mine honour and condition. But no more of this. The same Pausanius told me further; how you complained of me in these words: did Appius meet Lentulus, did Lentulus the like to Appius, and would not Cicero vouchsafe, to come and meet Appius? How comes it to pass? that you being a man, in my judgement, of singular learning, and wisdom, greatly experienced in worldly affairs; and further, endued with a pleasing affability; which is a virtue, as the Stoics deservedly hold opinion; I say, how can it be then, that you should be carried away with these fopperies, supposing that either Appius, or Lentulus for their nobility, should be highlier esteemed of me, than the ornaments of virtue? Though I had not past those honours, which in vulgar esteem, are glorious, yet could not I admire these your names: I rather valued those men highly, which left them unto you. But after I was with much honour, elected to many offices of governments of great quality, wherein I bore myself so approvedly, that I cou●d not wish greater reputation, or glory [then was given me]; I never reputed myself your superior; but always your equal. Nor could I see, that ever Cneius Pompeius, whom I prefer before all others, or Publius Lentulus, to whom I give place, retained any other opinion. If you think otherwise, it would not be much amiss, (the better to understand what Gentility or Nobility is) to consider a little, what Athenadorus son to Sandon, writes thereo●. But to return to our first purpose, believe most assuredly, that I am not only your friend, but your most entire affectionate, and in all manner of proof, I will contend, to possess you of so much. But if you seek occasions, that you may seem not to be, so much obliged to labour aswell for me, as I have laboured for you, from this time forward I free you of this trouble. I shall questionless find out other Counsellors, or at least jove shall be my guide. If also your inclination be such, that you affect to conte●●; yet shall you not m●ke me, do other then love you after my usual mann●r: But you shall do well● if you believe it not, for I little care whether you do or no. I have written freely to you, of these matters, because my conscience tells me, that I always discharged the office of a friend; and relying on the love I bear towards you, the which as it was entertained wi●h a ●●rme deliberation, so will I maintaintaine and hold it till you are weary. Farewell.   

Cicero vice-consul, to Appius Pulcher. Epist. 8.  
THough I perceive so much as your own ●etters did seem to intimate, that you are like to be at Rome b●fore you shall receive these; and that ●re now the twattling of these malignant people of the province, is somewhat cooled; yet you having written so copiously to me touching their sinister relations, I thought it fit, briefly to answer you. But I will not rip up a new, the two first heads of your letter, because they comprehend no absolute, nor determinate points; except this, that in the place where matters are scanned, and at some feasts, it was observed by many external signs, that I am not your friend. This, is as much as nothing; and being nothing, neither can I conceive what these words of yours import; sure I am, that this might truly be spoken unto you; that both on the seat of justice, and in private places, I have many times uttered honourable and worthy reports of you, giving manifest testimony, of our familiar, and domestical Amity. And as for the Legates, could I have wrought more justly or equally, then to ease poor Cities of a burdensome charge, without diminishing a whit of your reputation, especially being with great instance solicited thereunto by the Cities themselves? For I heard nothing, that these embassies went to Rome in your Honour. When I was in Apamea, the principals of diverse Cities came & told me, that the ordinary charge of Embassies were so great, that the cities were not able to defray them. Then, I cast many things in my mind: First, I could not be persuaded that you, who are not only wise, but as the report now goes, a noble minded man, should be delighted in these Embassies: and as I remember once in Synnadis, upon the public Tribunal I spoke much thereof; alleging in the first place, how Appius Clodius, without further testimony from the Myndensians (for that City was then mentioned) was known by the Senate, and by the people of Ro●e: and moreover, that I had observed at other times, that the Legates that came to praise any man, never obtained audience of the Senate. And finally I concluded, that their good inclination liked me well, because they showed themselves thankful to you, who had been fitted them; but that I thought this course no ways necessary: and if needs they would demonstrate their good affection, I should have thought well of it, if some one had done it of his own charge: And have granted it; so that the expense had been reasonable; but not, if exorbitant. You cannot therefore in any reason, take this ill at my hands: except, (as you add) that mine edict had been past, upon purpose, to cross these legations; as some were of opinion. Now, in my judgement, they bear not themselves so ill, who do such bad offices, as they, ●hat l●nd an ear unto them. While I was yet in Rome I drew the edict; afterwards, I annexed thereunto but one clause, which I took out of yours: and this at the importunity of the Tole-masters, who came to Samos to me, for this purpose; and touching the disburthening of the Cities of their charge, I wrote that article with special care● and I annexed thereunto some new conditions, which gave me good satisfaction; being so beneficial to the Cities, as if I had herein restored to them their lives. But this point, which occasioned all the suspicion, that I went about to wrong you; is an ordinary thing, put in practice by others before myself. And I could not be so foolish to imagine, that the Ambassadors came to Rome for any private occasion; as being sent, not to give thanks to a private man, but unto you; not for particular interests, but public; and in an assembly not private, but general to the world, that is, in the open Senate. Neither when I interposed this ●y command; that no man should depart without my licence, did I exclude them, which could not come to me beyond Mount Tauru●, where I was with the Army. And that clause in your letters well deserves laughter. For, see●ing they might have spoken to me, as I went betwixt La●dicea, and I●onium; as the Magistrates and Ambassadors of all those Precincts, and Cities did, Which dwell on this side Taurus; to what purpose was it, that they should come and speak with me in the camp; or that they should pass the Mount Ta●rus: except they had not resolved of their Embassies to Rome, before my being beyond Taurus. Which questionless is not so. For while I was in Laodicea, Apamea, Synn●dis, Philomel●m, and jeonium, in which Cities I stayed, all these Embassies were constituted. And yet you must conceive thus much, that about the diminution, or absolute taking away of the charge, for these Legations, I referred myself wholly to their pleasure, that were of highest authority in the City's. In that it might justly be feared, that by reason of unnecessary disbursements, things might have been brought to that pass, that it had been needful to sell the tributes, and to have laid an imposition, of so much by the paul, or by the house; which, as you know, would have been a very hard matter. And I being careful (not only justice, but compassion moving me thereto) to ease the burdened state of those afflicted Cities, and especially oppressed by their own Magistrates, I could not well be negligent, in the case of so impertinent an expense. When such tales therefore were told you● you should not have believed them. But if you take pleasure to lay your own jealousies upon others, you bring up in friendship, a certain discourse little beseeming a Gentleman. And if I meant in any thing, to have blemished your reputation, I would never have been inquisitive of ●our son in law Lentulus, of your freeman in Br●ndusi●m, nor of the chief Engine● in Coreyra, whither you would have me to come. And, i● y●u followed the prescriptions o● the learnedest men, tha● have wri●ten exceeding well of amity, you should not have used these, or the like speech's. They argued, I opposed: Th●y ●ff●rmed, I denied. Th●●k●●ou that I never heard any thing touching yo●? As for example, that whe● I was to come to L●o●i●ea, you passed over Mount Taurus. that you gave entertainment in Tarsus, at the very same time, I gave mine in Ap●mea, Synnadis, and Philomelum. I will add nothing more, lest I should be thought culpable of the same defect, whereof I accuse you. Thus much I will freely utter; if these things, which you say, were related to you by others; be your own dreams, or fictions; you commit a grievous error: but being true, that they were the reports of others, yet, you are greatly too blame, to give ear unto them. I will never fail in the office of a good friend. And if any man think, I have some subtle reach in my proceedings; whosoever he be, I would he would tell me, what a wonderful subtlety I should show in this; that I, when I was in Rome, and yourself in your Province, ever defended your reputation, when I could not so much as dream, I should need your aid in these occurrents; should now, when you are in Rome, and I in my Province, give you cause, to neglect my credit? But it may be, you suppose that I have done you injury, in my giving ●are to certain persons, that depraved, or spoke ill of your Legates, or Cape-Ingeniers, or Tribunes of the soldiers: wherein, notwithstanding, I never heard, that they touched your reputation; or that they should speak unworthily of any other, but the forementioned, of which men, Clodius discoursing with me in Corcyra, complained greatly, and said, that other men's malignity, had blemished the integrity of your name. I never drew any man to speech of such like matters: but by reason, they a●e many that talk thereof, no ways in my judgement, wronging therein your honour, I would not be too forward, to put them to silence. If any one hold opinion, that no man can be really reconciled: he accuseth not us herein, as men perfidious, but rather manifests his own treachery, discovering that to be in himself, which he imputes to others: and such an one, hath no better conceit of you, then of me: But if the form of my government distastes any man, thinking it strange, that in the government of this Province, I take some courses different from yours: each of us observing justice and equity, though you one way, and I another; I do not greatly value such a man's good opinion. You, as a most noble & bountiful Gentleman, gave profusely in the Province, if I have proceeded with a more restrained hand, & that the year following hath cut off a part of your former bounties; by reason of the hardness of the times, no man need wonder hereat: ●or, besides that of mine own nature, I was ever sparing of another's purse, I was much moved (as I told you) out of the conditions of the time: and therefore little care, to seem niggardly to those, that complain upon their peculiar interests, so I be herein good unto myself. Touching the advertisements you send me, concerning Roman affairs, I heartily thank you, and the rather, because you intimate, that you will be careful of those businesses, that I commended to you; in which, of one above the rest, I request you to be mindful, that the time of my government be not prolonged; And entreat Hortens●us, our Colleague and familiar friend, that if ever he did, or intended to do me a pleasure, he will not now persever in his opinion of the government for two years: for nothing can more molest, or discontent me. Whereas you would know, in what state I stand: I departed from Tarsus the seventh of October, and the day following I wrote these, in the County of Mopsuhes●ia, where I was with the Army. If I atch●ue any thing, you shall be advertised thereof, and I'll never write home, but you shall be written to. Concerning the Parthians, I take it for a fable. Those Araebians that came into my Province, in Parthian habit, are gone away, as it's reported: and there is no fear of any war in Syria. I would willingly have you write often of your affairs, of mine, and of the whole state of the Commonwealth, at which I am much troubled; so much the rather, in that you write our friend Pompeius is to go into Spain. Farewell.   

Ci●ero, Imperator; to Appius Pulcher. Epist. 9  
WIth much a do, I have at last read a letter, well beseeming Appius Clodius, full of humanity, courtesy, and friendly care. Out of question, the very sight of R●me, hath returned you your former sweet proceeding. For when you wrote unto me on the way, while you were yet in Asia, about the matter of the Legates, whose coming to Rome I prohibited: and when you complained, that I hindered the Appian edifications, it gave me no small distaste; & mine own conscience witnessing, that I had been ever constant in loving you, I returned an answer half in choler: yet after I read the letters delivered to Philotimus my Freeman, I perceived, there were many in the Province, which affected our falling out. But after you came to Rome, or at least, as soon as you had seen your friends, you understood of them my perpetual love and affection towards you, manifesting itself, upon all occurrents, while you stayed in your Province: wherefore imagine, how near my heart those words went, you wrote unto me● If any thing fall out for my advancement and dignity, though it be impossible, yet render me equal kindness. This, you may easily do; for, what is there in this world, which endeavour will not compass? Neither can any attempt be so difficult, but a true affection may overcome it. I ever thought, & so my friends write, that you should obtain a Triumph, but yet I am exceedingly satisfied in the certainty you give me thereof; and not because I hope myself as easily to get it; (for this were but an Epicurean part) but in that your honour and dignity is of itself most dear unto me. Seeing therefore, you have greater conveniency of messengers, than any other; for none would come hither, without giving you notice; when my suit hath gotten that success, which you expect, and I desire, I should be very glad, to be thereof advertised. If through those long Sessions of the Senate, as our friend Pompeius was wont to term them, you are delayed a day or two, (for there is no likelihood it shall be longer,) your dignity will no ways be impeached by this deferring. But for the love you bear me, and for that, that you expect from me. Vouchsafe to cheer me up, with this acceptable information, and remember to keep promise with me about the present, which you promised to make me. For beside, that I am desirous of the Science of Auguration; any gifts of yours infinitely please me, they being an apparent testimony of the love you bear me. And because you demand some equal remuneration, I must ruminate well upon it, that I may make you the like requital: For, if I should not take the pains in this, that usually I do in my other compositions, which you are wont to think worthy of admiration. You might have just cause, to repute me not only negligent, but unthankful. And of these matters enough. Further now, my desire is, that you bring to effect the offer which you made me; my meaning is, that you labour by all means possible, to compass me my suits; using therein your wont diligence, that the Senate may pleasure me, and out of hand, with the honourablest demonstrations that may be. You promised it me; see you do not fail: and do it likewise, for the sake of our ancient am●tie. I doubt, I have overlong deferred my writing thereof to the Senate, and that my letters● through difficult passage by sea, came in time of the vacations. But herein I followed your example; and I think I did well, in not writing so suddenly after my being called Imperator, but after the end of many erterprises, brought to pass in all this summer. Be therefore careful of this, according to your promise; and so in all other occasions, vouchsafe to take my affairs, myself, and all mine, into your friendly protection. Farewell.   

Cicero, Imperator; to Appius Pulch●r. Epist. 10.  
WHen I heard of their presumptuous boldness, that molested you, though at the first hearing I was astonished; because nothing could have happened further beyond my expectation; yet when I more advisedly considered thereof, I took heart at grass, putting great hope in yourself, but greatest in your friends. And many reasons persuaded me to think, that this trouble would rather augment, then extenuate your honour. It vexed me much, that envious men had found out a means, to deprive you of the glory of your Triumph, which questionless you should have obtained, conformable to your deserts. Of which loss, if you make the same reckoning, that I ever esteemed should be made; you shall do wisely, & triumph at last in the sorrow of your enemies. For I know you to be so strong in friends, and so prudent, that undoubtedly it will greatly grieve them, that ever they run into such a levity. For mine own part, I assure & promise you, calling all the gods to witness of my heart, that for your dignity, (for so I will rather term i●, than safety) in this Province, which you governed, I will have more than ordinary care; entreating for you affectionately; endeavouring myself no otherwise then if you were my kinsman; using what authority, and power one may have, that is dear, as I hope to be unto the Cities, and hath the title of Imperator. Command me, and expect at my hand all [good] offices, for my endeavours shall surmount your imagination. Quintus Servilius delivered me a brief letter of yours, which notstanding I thought too long; for your entreating me, made me take it for an injury. I am sorry the time is come, wherein you shall have cause to know, what esteem I make both of you, and of Pompeius, whom I must regard above all others; and what love I bear to Brutus: Although you should have discerned it by some other way, as no doubt but you shall. But seeing such an occasion is offered, if ever I fail in any thing, let me be reputed a dishonourable, and very bad man. Pontinius whom I know to be much bo●nd unto you, returns you those offices that he owes you. He was gone to Ephesus, upon business of his own, of no small importance, but when he heard of this accident of yours, he presently returned to Laodicea. I knowing that you shall have a number of such men to favour you; I make no doubt but this present cross will redound to your greatness. But if you obtain to be Censor, and discharge the Censorship, as you ought, and can: I plainly discern, that you will not be a perpetual and firm defence to yourself only, but to all your well willers also. Well, labour what you can, that there may be no prorogation of my office; that when we have procured you all satisfaction from hence; we may also stand you in some steed there, if any thing happen wherein I may pleasure, or ●urther you. Whereas you write of some favours showed you, which my friends also have wri●ten from thence unto me; it was no news; but yet it infinitely contented me: not only for your own respect, whose friendship yields me much satisfaction, and benefit; but also because by this I see, there is some esteem made in our City of valour and worth: which reward I always received, in payment of my travel and pains. But me thought it very strange, this young man should be so rash and headstrong, to incur your enmity, without all regard of me; whom with singular endeavour, I defended twice in capital causes: especially you being backed with many qualities, and assistances, that to himself are wanting, for I'll speak no worse of him: and these words that slipped from him like a child, and a fool as he was; were first certified me in writing by my friend Marcus Coelius, and of the same, you have also written to me at large. Certain●l●e if I had taken him for your enemy, I would rather have shaken off mine old, then entered into any new amity with him. For you shall have no cause to doubt of my affection, which I have made manifest to eu●rie one, both now here in my Province, and before in Rome: Nevertheless because in your letters I observe some little jealousy of me, I am enforced to justify myself with you. For now, 'tis no time for me to complain. But tell me now? when prohibited I any embassy from coming to Rome, in your praise? see you not how I could have done nothing of less prejudice to you then this, if I had professed open hatred to you? And again, in case I meant closely to malice you, I could have undertaken no action, would more have laid me open then this. Were I as perfidious, as they that report this of me, I had not been so palpably foolish, to break out suddenly with you into so great enmity; especially in a matter, wherein I might well discover my desire, but that in effect I could no ways offend you. I remember diverse came and told me, that the rated charge of Embassies, far exceeded the usual proportion; whom I did not enjoin to any thing, but only said, I thought it fit, that the charge thereof, should mount no higher than was determined by the law Cornelia: And in this likewise, I referred myself to their pleasure; as the accounts of the City can testify: by which it appears, that the charge was such, as themselves thought good to be at; but, bad men have striven to pervert truth with a thousand lies; giving you to understand, that provisions were not only taken from those Ambassadors, who were going to Rome, but were redemanded, and caused to be restored by their Agents, who were already departed, and that this was the cause that many forbore coming to Rome. I could find in my heart to be very plain with you, were it not, (as before I told you) that my meaning is, as reason requires; only to justify myself, and not accuse you; no ways to aggravate your mind, which is already sufficiently disturbed. So that I condemn you not for believing these men's words: but I'll not spare to set down some reasons, why you should not have believed them. And certainly, if you repute me an honest man, and for a man worthy of opinion or fame in those Sciences, whereunto from my childhood I have been addicted; if you suppose in me any generosity of mind: or if you value me of any judgement in matters of weighty consequence; I cannot perceive, how it should enter into your mind, that I would practise, (I will not say) any treachery, any deceit, or dissimulation in our friendship; bu● so much as the least base, or dishonourable part. But if you please to delineate me for an hollow, and double-hearted fellow: what is there more unlikely to be thought of, in a man of such a nature, then to cast off the love of a person placed in high dignity: or to take away his good name, in the Province, whose honour blemished by others, I have at R●me defended: or to show an ill mind, where I have no pow●r to hurt; or to intend treachery in that place, where it would be discovered to no end nor purpose? And why should I be so implacable towards you: having understood by my brother, that you were not my enemy, when without blame you might have been so? And seeing with reciprocal desire, we incline to concord: what favour required you of me, during my Consulship, that I denied you? when I accompanied you, on your way, to the Province; what charge left you with me a● Puteoli, wherein, my care, surmounted not your expectations? and if it be true, that fallacious, and double hearted men, howsoever, have a regard to their peculiar profits: what in conclusion could be more beneficial, and profitable to me, then joining in love with a noble and honourable person, whose power, accompanied with such wisdom, and valour; whose progeny, and kindred, might be unto me, a wonderful ornament, and prevalent protection? Neither sought I your friendship, with any particular end, or aim; but because these your parts, and endowments, I esteemed them, and loved them, for their own sake. Moreover, how value I those bands, think you, by which I rejoice, to see we are linked or joined together? The likeness, or identity of studies; the sweetness of mutual conversation, li●e, and discourse; and that literature that is not of many possessed? These things I pass over, as being better known to ourselves, than others. What shall I say of those things, which are well known to the people? The peace, and agreement we made; in which, being so generally noted, the left halting in the world, would have raised suspicion of treachery: The college of Angures, in which amongst our predecessors, it was not only unlawful, to violate amity, but further, no man could be advanced to th●t dignity, who professed hatred to any one of the College. But to leave matters so weighty and important: where find you, that any man held, could hold, or aught to hold another in that reverence, as I hold Cneius Pompeius, your daughters' Father in law. For if deserts be of any worth, I make account that he hath restored to me my Country, my Children, my safety, my Dignity, and briefly, even mine own self: If sweetness of conversation: who can remember in our City, any friendship more inward than ours? and if signs of love and courtesy deserve any thing; what project, would he not co●mit ●o me? what secret would he no● communicate? when he was remote from Rome, whom did he use but my sel●e? what tharms of honour hat● h● not graced me with? and in conclusion with what patience, with what humanity, did he once endure me to touch him to the quick, in the defence which I made for Milo? with what a singular care provided he, that I might not run into any popular disgrace, protecting me with his Council, Authority, and in a word, with arms? at which time he showed, that magnanimity, and gravity, as he would never believe the words, I will not say of a Phrygian, or a Lycaonian, as you did in the matter of Embassies; but of many great men, who spoke ill unto him of me. Now his son, being your son in law; and besides the respect of affinity, I understanding how dear, and acceptable you are to Pompeius: how ought I think you to be affected towards you? especially he having written unto me such letters, that if I were as great an enemy to you, as I am a friend, yet would I be pacified, and suffer myself wholly to be directed, not only by the will, but by the left wink, or beck of so great a benefactor. But of these matters let this suffice: and I fear I have been longer than peradventure was requisite. You shall see, what I have partly performed, and partly set on foot in your behalf; the which I do, and will undertake, rather for your honour, then for any great danger, or doubt therein. For I hope ere long to hear, that you are created Censor: which being an office for a man of great valour and high understanding, (let me tell you) it requires other consideration and care then this present employment. Farewell.   

Cicero, Imperator; to Appius Pulcher (as I hope) Censor. Ep. 11.  
LYing with the Camp near to the river Pyramus, I received at one time two of your letters, which Quin●us Servilius sent me from Ta●sus: one was written the v. of April: the other, which seemed the latter, bore no date. I will first therefore answer to the former. Whereas you write unto me, that you are cleared of the imputed crime of Majesty: of which success, though I understood by le●ters, by messengers, and finally by fame itself, (for nothing could be more divulged: not that any man thought otherwise, but because all the occasions of renowned men, are ever spread with a common voice) yet your own letters multiplied my joy; not only in that they revealed what was past, more abundantly than others did: but also, by rea●on, that understanding of it by yourself, I had the greater cause (as I thought) to rejoice with you. I have therefore entertained you a far off, in thought, and kissed your letters, and, with myself, I rejoiced, as if the business had been mine own. For, when the people, the Senate, and the judges; do favour wit, endeavour, or virtue; me thinks they favour me also. Which peradventure proceed● from that sweet deceit, by which I am nuzzeled in a belief, that myself also am possessed of those parts to which all favour, or grace belongeth. Neither did I wonder, that your cause should have so glorious an issue, but that your enemies could carry ●o wicked a mind. And though you are yet to purge yourself, de ambitu: this need not much to trouble you. For, as you ever increased Maiestatem, of the people of Rome, So you ever shunned ambitum. And what is Maiestas? Nothing else, undoubtedly (according to Sylla's meaning) but, That no man should be defamed by any other, without rigorous chastisement: & Ambitus was wont for the most part to be so apparent, that as well ●e that seeks ●o defend himself being culpable, offendeth: as he that accus●th one that is innocent. For whether one gives, or not, contrary to the laws, how can it possibly be concealed? & of all the honours you ever emoyed, who ever had the least suspicion [thereof]? O, what hard fortune had I, that I could not then be present? I know well enough, what sport I should have made. But touching the trial de Mai●state, you write two things, which give me singular contentment; one is, that you were defended by the Commonwealth herself, who, though she were better stored with good and valiant citizens, should support men of your quality: but now more especially, because there is such a penury, in every age and degree, that she being left as a poor forsaken, and desolate widow, hath great reason to embrace such tutors. the other is: because you so highly extol the fidelity and love, of Pompeius, and Brutus, both my very dear friends. I am glad, you have two kinsmen so loving and noble: the one neither hath, or ever had in all the world his like; and the other hath now a long time enjoyed the chiefest place among the young men of this City; and shortly also, as I hope, shall carry it from them, that in years far exceed, and go before him. Concerning the corrupted witnesses, if Flaccus cause not their infamy to be publicly proclaimed in their several Cities; when I pass through Asia, it shall be done. Now, I come to your other Epistles: I have perus●de the form and draft you sent me, of the present times, and the whole state of the Commonwealth, and I am much comforted in the prudent discourse you make there of. Because I see the danger is not so great, as I feared, and there is better defence, than I in any wise hoped; If it be true you write unto me, that all the city refers itself to Pompey's direction and government. And also I conceive, how prone your mind is, and inflamed to the defence of common liberty. And I was singularly well pleased in your loving care and vigilancy, that in the depth of your weightiest occasions, you fail not to mak● known unto me, the state of the Commonwealth. If I had thought, you had been in these distractions, I would not have written so earnestly to you, about the books of the Auguries. Now, I solicit you not to the performance of your promise herein, reserve them till another time, when both the one, and the other of us, may be at better leisure. And in their stead send me at this present, all your Orations complete, as you promised. Tullius who should have spoken with me in your name, is not yet come to me. And here are now no more of your friends; but that all mine, are likewise yours. I know not what those letters be, which, you say, I wrote unto you, in so great choler, I have written twice unto you, in justification of my sel●e, about the false reports, that were delivered you of me: and in justifying myself, I complain of you, for giving them credit: and me thought one friend might lawfully vs● such expostula●ions with another. Bu● if you relish them no●, I'll use them no more. And if the letters I wrote to you, upon such a subject were (as you write) destitute of eloquence: I tell you they were not mine. For as Arist●rchus accounted no verse to be Homer's, which he approved not of: so, (give me leave a little to be pleasant,) suppose you nothing to be mine, which is not smooth and elegant. Farewell. And if you be Censor, be mindful to look back into the Censorship of your great Grandfather.   

Cicero Imperator to Appius Pulcher. Epist. 12.  
I Will first congratulate with you, (for so the order of things requires) afterwards I'll return to myself. I am glad therefore of your being cleared of the action de Ambitu, not so much for your acquittal, whereof no man doubted; as, in that the better citizen you are, the more valiant man, the more constant friend, and the greater abundance there is in you of ●hose parts, that derive from virtue, and endeavour: so much the more was it to be admired, that in the Articles o● so m●n●e judges, who are of power to accuse, without producing the accuser, there was no secret m●lice found ou●, which durst oppose you● This was not a proce●ding answerable to these times, to men of these dai●s, nor to present customs. For my part I have not observed any thing this many years, that struck me in●o a greater wonder. Now, to come to ●hat part, which concerns me: Imagine your s●lfe ●or a while in my pl●ce, and accounted you are my s●lfe If you can easily deu●se what to object vn●o me, show me no favour, if I kn●w not how to reply. I ●ray God this affinity, which my friend's hau● made without my privity, procure to me and my daughter Tulli● that contentment, which, out of your love, I know you wish her. Which, though I hope it will come to pas●●: yet should I grieve much, that ●his should ●all out, in time of your molestations, but that your prudence and humanity affords me comfort Wherefore I know not how to get clear of this business: For of the one side I ought not to disapprove a thing, which you desire to be successful; and ●●t on the other, I cannot tell what still vexeth my mind; although I am persuaded I may be secure, that you understand very well, that all this matter was brought about by my friends means: to whom, a● my departure I gave commission, that I having to live so far of, they should not attend my will and pleasure, but of themselves s●ould do what they thought ●i●, and convenient: And what if you had been personally here, you may say? surely I should have entertained the match, but concerning the time [of consummation] I would have done nothing without your advice, and counsel. You see, how I sweat with the pains I daily take, while I strive to defend a matter, which I am bound to defend, and no● to offend you. Ease me therefore of this so weighty a burden. For to my remembrance, I never handled so intricate a matter. And be assured, that, when I heard the news of this affinity, though, heretofore I had been slack, in performing any thing that appertained to your honour, I should suddenly have betaken myself to the defence thereof, by making you discern; not any better affection than before, (●or better I could not) yet a more fervent zeal and ready will to prosecute your occasions. In departing out of the Province, the whole year of my government being expired, on the third of August, when we drew near to Sida by Sea, I heard of this thing by my friends letters. I said presently to Quintus Servilius, who was with me, and seemed not very glad of these new●s, that I would affect you, more than ever I did. What should I ●ay more? I will not prot●st that my love is grown greater, but I'll boldly affirm, that my desire to manifest it unto you, is much augmented. For, as the regard of our precedent enmity, b●fore urged me, to be ver●e wary how I gave the least mistrust, of my feigned reconciliation unto you; so this new affinity, excites me to use all my best endeavours, that it may not be thought, that upon th●s consideration, the tender affection I ever bore you, should in any part be diminished. Farewell.   

Cicero Imperator, to Appius Pulcher. Ep. 13.  
PResaging, as it were to myself, that in such alike office, I should one d●y have need of your favour; when your government and proceedings in the Province, were d●b●●ed in ●he Senate, I maintained your honour, with my whole power. Ye● I must needs say, and that truly, that you have rendered me more, than ever you received, How many have written to me, tha● not only with the authority o● you● words, and opinion; for which things of themselves, from so great a man, I ought to have been contented; but ●urther, with your endeavour, and coun●sell, and with your repairing home to my house, and soliciting all my friends, you omitted no office of kindness to any particular [in my behalf]? I esteem more of these things, than o● those, for which these endeavours are undertaken. For the ornaments of virtue, have been obtained by many, without virtue; but such high favours, from men o● that rari●i●, none certainly but a virtuous man, could at any time obtain. So that I propound unto myself no other reward of our amity, but mere friendship; which in herself comprehends abundant felicity; especially in those studies, wherein we mutually take l●king. Because I offer myself unto yo● as an associate in the cause of the Commonwealth, of which, our opinions are not different: and I will daily converse with you, in the exercise of those virtues, that both the one, and other of us loveth. I would to God fortune had so disposed, that your kindness might have been as great to my friends, as mine to yours: and yet I despairs not thereof, for a secret for● knowledge that my mind gives me: but you need not care for this: the burden is to lie on my shoulders. And I entreat you to believe, that by this new affinity, my affection towards you is not only not diminished, but it is increased: though before, it seemed to be perfect. When I wrote this present letter, I hoped you were Censor, and for this cause, I contrived the letter, brief, and modest, as letters ought to be, that are directed to a master of behaviour. Farewell.    

THE FOURTH BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 1.  
CAin● Treba●ius my familiar friend writes unto me, ●hat you demanded of him where I was; and that you were sorry that sickness was ●he c●u●e, you could not come ●o see m●●fter my return out of my Province; and that now, if I came near Rome, you would be glad to confer with me about both our offices. Oh Servius, I would to God we could but have spoken together, before the ruins of the Commonwealth: (for we may now truly say, she is ruined,) out of question we might have devised some way to ●phold her. For I know that both in, and after your Consulship, you affected nothing but peace. Foreseeing the evil that was to ensue. And though I commended your judgement, and was of the same opinion myself; yet could I never procure the atonement of civil dis●ord●● For I came late; I was alone; and, as it seemed, but weakly informed of the cause. And finally, I found my forces unable to alter their stubborn min●es, that desired war. Now, seeing we are out of hope to assist the Commonwealth, if we may take some course for the safety of our own lives, not to maintain any form of our ancient state, but to mourn for the Commonwealth, so far as any ways may stand with our reputation, I would rather consult with you then any other person in the world whatsoever. For I know you rich in the treasure of all learning, and deeply read in all ancient, and modern histories. And know, that I had formerly written to you, that your going into the Senate, or rather, into the assembly of Senators, would be to small purpose, but that I was afraid to offend him, who (as you may conceive) would have taken it very ill, that I should dissuade your residence in Rome; when he so instantly requested me to do as yourself did. To whom, when he entreated me, that I would return into the Senate, I answered: that I would say as you said, about the peace, or our going into Spain. You see on what terms we stand: our Empire is divided: war is kindled in every quarter: Rome is abandoned, and exposed to combustion: the laws, judgement, and finally all good customs are suppressed. Whereupon, so far I am from hoping after better, that I know not what I may presume to desire. But if it seem good to your wisdom, that we consult together, though I resolved to remove further off from Rome, then now I am, whose very name I cannot hear spoken without extreme grief: yet I will come nearer hand. I have bidden Trebatius, that, if at any time, you would send him to speak to me, he refuse not this endeavour: the which I pray do: or else, you may if you please send some one of your own people, whom you most t●ust: that it may neither be necessary for you, to come out of Rome, nor for me to approach it. I am so confident in your understanding, and foolishly peradventure, rely so much on mine own, tha● I assure myself, that whatsoever wit● 〈◊〉 opinion, we shall both conclude 〈◊〉, will by all men be approved. Far●●●●l.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 2.  
ON the nineteenth of 〈◊〉: being at Cumanum, I 〈◊〉 your le●●ters, and after I had 〈◊〉 ●hat you wrote, I might perceive 〈◊〉 discretion Philo●imus showed: who being ●o speak to me in your nam●, about what occurred; he came not himself but sent the letters: the which you said were but brief, supposing him to be bearer. Notwithstanding wh●n I had read them, your Pos●●●●mia, and son Servius' 〈…〉 me; and determined, that you 〈◊〉 come to Cumanum; entreating 〈◊〉 write unto you, to that effect. Wh●rea● you require me to advise you: 〈◊〉 more need of council myself, 〈◊〉 advice another. And why should 〈◊〉 sum to council a man of your ●●●●oritie, and wisdom? If we seek 〈◊〉 our peculiar offices and duties, we ●ay easily find them out: but if benefi● 〈◊〉 shall hardly find it. But if we 〈◊〉 men, we ought to be: that is, if 〈◊〉 steam that only profitable, which is just, and ●●●est; we must needs know what 〈◊〉 ●ould do. In that you write how yo●● state and condition is like mine o●●; it is most certain in us, both that when we held the best opinion, we erred alike: for our counsels aimed 〈◊〉 concord, which being most behooveful to Caesar, we likewise thought in maintaining peace to have favoured him; but how we were deceived in our iudgeme●●● 〈◊〉 what 'tis come unto, you 〈…〉 and you do not only know 〈◊〉 present, and past, but you forese● 〈◊〉 ●●ose to come. It's an hard case 〈◊〉 now put unto, to do one of these two things: either to approve what is done; or to be present thereat, though you approve it not. One of which courses, in my opinion, is base; 〈◊〉 other full of danger. To conclude, ● am resolved, that we must depa●t; but 〈◊〉 to be thought of● after what man 〈…〉 shall order our departure, a●d whither we shall go. Never was there 〈◊〉 condition more miserable, nor 〈◊〉 more difficult: because we 〈◊〉 dispose of any thing, but that w● 〈◊〉 light upon some great contra 〈◊〉 If you so think ●ood, I would 〈◊〉 you do thus: that if you have determined of any course, wherein your 〈◊〉, and mine own do not 〈◊〉, in any ●i●e take not the pains to come; but if you desire first, to consult with me, I'll willingly stay for you● And I shall be glad, if you can conveniently, that you would come out of hand, as is likewise the desire of Servius, and Posthumia. Farewell.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 3.  
I Daily hear, that you are pensive; and that, for the public shipwreck, you mourn extremely. Whereat though I cannot wonder, but confess, that I likewise, undergo the same affliction: nevertheless, I both grieve beyond measure, that you being a man endowed with such singular wisdom, will not rather rejoice at your own good, then vex at another man's hurt. And I, though I grant not, that any man is mo●e grieved at heart, than I am, for the lamentable overthrow of our Commonwealth: yet now for many reasons I take comfort, especially in calling to mind, that I never failed to pay unto my country, whatsoever was due from a good Citizen. For long since, as from an eminent and high tower, I discerned a far off, the ruin that was coming. And I saw it the better, because you pointed it out unto me. For though I was in my Province a great part of your Consulship, yet so remote as I was, I knew your opinion about the preventing this pestiferous war. Besides I was in Rome, at the beginning of your Consulship, when a discourse falling out, upon all the civil wars, you admonished the Senate, to take heed, by the calamities that were passed: and to think how much more intolerable those would be, which oppressed the Country in these time●, seeing they had be●ne so cruel, who oppressed it heretofore, having thereof no former precedent or example: In that men, do usually think, that they may in all reason do, what they have example for; nay, and to do wor●e, than their precedent allows. Remember therefore, they are in extreme misery, who might have been in happ●e●●state, if they had followed your authority, and cou●sell. You will say: What fruit reap I by this, amidst such darkness, and so great ruins of the Commonwealth? Such is my grief, I confess, that it's scarcely capable of consolation: so gr●a● is the l●s●e of all things, and the despair of their recovery: yet, you s●ould mitigate your sorrow, ●i●h this comfort; that Caesar himself and with h●m all other Citizens are possessed, that there remains no other light of sanctity, prudence, and reputation, but your person. These reasons, may afford you, wonderful relaxation. Concerning your being far off from your friends, you ought the easilier to support these troubles; being at one instant likewise, far removed from many, and grievous molestations: of which I would write somewhat to you, but that I will not in writing certify you of things, which, in that you see them not, I judge you less unhappy, than ourselves, that daily behold them. Hitherto me thinks, I have used all the arguments of consolation, that the love I bear you could put into my mind, to ease the burden of your aggreevances: other comforts remain within your own breast, the which I know to be great; yea, greater than any that can be ●ound: and I have every day, a feeling thereof in myself, with so great benefit of mind, that methinks, I enjoy a safety thereby. But I well remember, that you from your infancy, were studioushe addictted to all learning, and especially, to Philosophy; which in prosperity yields us profit, and contentment; and now being in adversity, we have no other comfort but it. I will not be arrogant, nor prescribe unto you, who are endued with so great learning, and so noble a soul, the study of these Arts, which you ever affected from your youngest years. Thus much only I will say unto you, (and I hope you will commend me for it) that I, seeing how the estimation of my Art is declined, I mean of eloquence, I have applied all my endeavours to th● study of Philosophy. And because you see, that your Art also, though it be excellent and singular, is notwithstanding almost as lightly valued, as ours: I need not labour to put you in mind; that in so boisterous a storm you retire yourself also in●o the same Port; being persuaded, that alread●e, you are thither withdrawn: for it is such refuge, that though ●t cannot restore our public los●e, yet will it be very available, in razing out the memorial thereof. Your ●onne S●ruius is a wonderful proficient in all the l●b●r●ll Arts, and principally in thi●, wherein, as I write, my repose consis●eth. I wish him so well, that besides your own, no man's love can exceed m●ne towards him. Wherein he returns me just exchange. For he lou●s, and honours me, with an opinion, (as may easily be discerned) tha● herein he performeth, what your own heart desireth. farewell.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 4.  
I Accept of your excuse, in having written unto me sundry le●●ers of the same tenor, and in the selfsame words: but I accept it only, in that you write you did so, by reason through negligence, and untrustiness of messengers, letters oftentimes miscarried. Touching that part where you excuse your sel●e, by saying, that through penury of words (for so you term it) yo● use to write many letters, in one and the selfsame form; I cannot in any wise admit of it. And whereas you say by way of a jest, (for so I take it) that I possess the treasures of the tongue, certainly I am not ignorant, that of words I am not very barren, (for why should I dissemble) but notwithstanding all this, (and in this I halt as little) I easily, or readily give place, to the pregnancy, and elegancy of your writings. Touching the government of Achaia; I ever liked of your course, in not refusing such a charge; but after the reading of your l●st letters, I far more highly approved it. For all the reasons which you allege are most just, and beseeming both your authority, and prudence. 〈◊〉 as you are grieved, because ther● ensued not that contentment of mind, you looked for, you supposing, that we live not so ill here at Rome: Undoubtedly you are deceived. But because the commotion, and con●usion of things is such, and the ruin so great, which this most wicked war hath wrought: that every man deems himself unhappy wheresoever: therefore you repent you of your own opinion, and we at home, seem happy men unto you. But clean contrary, we here judge you, not altogether to be free from molestations; but in respect of ourselves, fortunate, or blessed. And were it but in this, your condition is far better than ours; for you may securely write the occasions of your grief, which we cannot do, without danger: not through any vice of the Conqueror, who cannot possibly be more clement, but in respect of the victory itself, which in civil wars, is always insolent. In one thing we have exceeded you, because a little before yourself, we saw the grace, which Caesar did to Marcellus your Colleague, and withal, in that I beheld, how the matter was carried. For I may truly affirm unto you, that since these miseries, that is, since that time that men began to strive for the Empire of Rome by arms, there hath passed nothing in the Senate, with the dignity of the commonwealth. For Eucius Piso making mention of Marcus Marcellus; and Caius Marc●●●us prostrating him●s●lfe at Caesar's fe●te, humbly entreating him that he would be pleased, that his Brother might return to Rome; the Senator's rising ●p altogether at the same instant, submissly requested the like of him: Then Caesar accusing th●●uster●tie of Marcus Marcellus, (●or so he called i●) and in honourable terms exalting your worth, and wisdom, on a sudden b●yo●d all expectation, he said, that for all this he would not forbear to comfort the Senate. Be no further inquisitive. This seemed unto me ●o glorious a day, that me thought I saw a form and Image of the Commonwealth raised up again from death; whereupon all they, who were demanded before myself, having given thanks to Caesar, besides Vol●●tiu●; who said, if he were in Marcellus case, he would never return to Rome; when I was sought unto, I changed my mi●de: For I resolved, not o●t o● slothfulness, but for me●re grief, of lost digni●ie, never to speak more in the Senate But this generous part in Caesar, ●nd so friendly an office of the Senate, broke off my resolution; and in many words I gave tha●kes ●o Cae●ar, which peradventure may be a c●use, that I shall no more enjoy that honest repose, that was the only mitigation of our evils. But yet, I having begun to speak, that I might not offend Caesar; who if I had been altogether silent, might peradventure have thought, that I held, this Commonwealth no Commonwealth; I will hereafter speak so seldom, as it shall rather be too little, then too much: and this I'll do, to satisfy in one, both his will, and mine own studies. For although from my tender years I was well affected to all liberal Sciences, and especially to Philosophy: yet this study delights me more ●uery day than other, ou● of the maturity of my years, as I suppose, which inclines to wisdom; and through the malignity of these times, which is so violent, that no other remedy is available enough, to defend our mind from those molestations that environ it: to which study, you write you could not attend, by reason of the multitude of negotiations: which you may w●ll do, allowing yourself some time in the night's, now growing somewhat longer. Our Servius honours me with great respect: and he breeds my infinite contentment; for besides his learning, I discern in him singular goodness, conjoined with valour. He often discourseth with me, of your affairs, ask me the question, whether you must remain still in your Province, or depart. Hitherto my opinion is, that we dispose of ourselves to Caesar's will. If you were at Rome, besides your friends, you could find nothing wherewith to be delighted; Caesar himself is the best of all other considerations. But the estate of the Commonwealth, is such, that you would rather desire to hear of it, then see it. This I speak against mine own mind; because I desire to see you in R●me for my consolation: but I speak it, because I prefer your benefit before mine own contentment. Farewell.   

Servius Sulpitius to Cicero. Epist. 5.  
FOr the death of your daughter Tu●lia, I wa● as truly sorrowful, as behoved me: but this I reputed a common misfortune; and had I been there, I would have assisted you with all possible kindness, and with your own eyes, you should have read my grief. Now, though their estate be pitiful, & lamentable, that undertake to comfort others; who either being kinsfolks, or near friend's, have more need of consolation themselves, being no ways able ●o discharge this office, without abundant tears, in that they are afflicted with the same care and grief: yet will I not forbear to set before your eyes those things, which at ●his present come into my mind: not because I imagine, that you did not discover them, but in that by the veil of your grief, they are peradventure concealed from you. What's the reason, that the death of your daughter should so afflict you? Remember how Fortune hath hitherto to●sed us. She hath deprived us of those goods, which men ought to esteem no less dear, than their children; our country, our dignities, all honours, and commendable customs. What greater sorrow could pierce your heart, through the access of this disaster? or what mind is there, that is not so enured to these things, that it is ere this time hardened; and that in feeling them, is sorrowful? have you compassion of her, b●cause she is dead? In deed I suppose, this grieves you: Though necessarily you must, as we al●o oftentimes consider, that they have been very fortunate, to whom the heavens were so favourable, as depriving them of life, they brought upon them a death without vexation. And why should she desi●e longer life? To what end? Upon what hopes? To marry with some Gentle●man, with whom she might have lived happily? I believe, that amongst our young Nobility, you might have made choice of a son in law, co●respondent to your own dignity: to whose trust, you might securely have committed your children. Or, because she might have occasion to rejoice, when she saw her children in flourishing estate? And such, who, of themselves, might be able to govern their father's inheritance? might attain successively to all honours? might show courtesy in their friend's occasions? Which of these things was not taken away, before it was given? Oh, but you'll say, The loss of children go●s near the ●eart. 'Tis true, it is an ●uill, but to suffer what we suffer, is far worse. I'll relate a thing unto you, which gave me no small consolation; to try, if it can a●ford you as much. Returning out of Asia, and sailing from Aegina, towards Megara, I cast mine eye round about. Behind me lay Aegina, before M●gar●, on the ●ight h●nd Pirae●us, and on the left Corinthus: wh●ch were sometimes renowned Cities, but now appear to every man's view, demolished, and even wi●h the ground: And thus I began to con●ider with myself: Do we then, poor wretched men, so dismay ourselves, when any one of us is slain, or dead; When in one only place, so many bod●es of razed City's are seen lying on the ground? Wilt not thou, o Seruiu●, acknowledge and remember thyself, to be borne moral? I● you think good, propound to your sel●e this other example: Not long since, at one instant, many honourable men were slain: The Empire was much impaired: All the Provinces were tormented: And do you, for one si●ly woman's breath expired, pour out so infinite lamentation? Who, if she were not now dead, within a few years, of necessity she must dye; being mortal borne. Alas! banish this passion from your heart, and rather recall those things to your mind, that are worthy of your person: that she lived as long time as was requisite; that she lived in the flourishing estate of the Commonwealth; that she saw her father Praetor, Consul, and Augur; that she was married to one of the noblest young men in Rome; that she tas●ed all contentments, that possibly may be ●nioyed in this world; and at last, departed this life at the same instant, when the Commonwealth herself failed. And therefore nei●her you, nor she, could complain of Fortune. Besides you must remember, how you are the same Cic●ro, that was wont ●o persuade, and comfort others. Do not therefore imitate ignorant Physicians, who in other men's maladies, profess they have the Art of Physic, but by no means can cure themselves: rather have recourse to those remedies, with which you were wont to cure others misfortunes. There is no grief so great, which length of ●ime doth not make less, and extenuate. It becomes you not to expect this time, and not to withstand it by your wisdom. And if it be true, that the soul is immortal: then she questionless, out of the love she bears to you, and the affection to the r●st of her friends, would no● have you commit this error. Deny not this favour therefore to your daughter's soul. Deny it not your good friends, who sorrow ●or your griefs Nor deny it to your Country, because, if she stood in need of you, she may use your aid and council. And seeing we are reduced to such a point, that we must also have a respect to this; take heed, lest others censure, that you lament not so much for your daughter, as for another man's victory, and the calamities of the Commonwealth. I am ashamed to write unto you of this more at large, because I would not seem to be diffident of your wisdom: with this brief record therefore, I will make an end. We heretofore saw, that you governed prudently in your happy ●ort●nes; and reaped thereby high commendation. Now, let it appear upon this accident, that you know how to demean yourself also in disasters, without taking greater grief than is convenient: to the end, that of all other virtues, this may not only seem wanting in you. As for the occurrents of these par●s, when I hear of the pacification of your mind, I will presently give you advertisement. Farewell.   

Cicero, to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 6.  
I Wish, my dear Servius, as you write, that you had been at Rome, when this grievous accident befell me. For if your letters have somewhat ●asde my mind, so much the more do I suppose, that with your presence you might have assisted me, both in comforting me, and mutually mourning for the cause of my grief. For fi●st you set me down reasons, that are of force to stay my tears; and then yourself also, as it were for a kind of comfort, have associated your grief with mine. But yet your S●ruiu●, in all the loving offices, that at such time could be showed, did manifest both in what esteem himself held me, and how he thought that you al●o ●ooke well at his ha●d, this his affection towards me. Whose love did so comfort me, that I know not what greater contentment I could have desired; for joy I cannot term it. Neither do your words only cheer me up, and your fellow feeling, as it were, of my heart grief; but your authority also turns to my especial consolation. For me thinks I am ashamed, I should not tolerate my misfortunes, with that fortitude of mind, as you, being a man of singular wisdom think fit I should do. And yet sometimes I am so overwhelmed with sorrow, that I can scarcely support it; wanting those comforts, which others in the like Fortunes failed not of, whose example I propound unto myself. For both Quintus Maximus, who lost a son, that had been Consul, and after the same dignity, performed many famous enterprises: and Lucius Paulus, who in seven days, was deprived of two: with our Gallus, and Marcus Cato, who had ●ne died, that was replenished with prudence and valour: these lived in those times, that the honours which the Commonwealth afforded them, were to them a comfort. But no other comfort was left me, then that which death bereaved me of. I had lost those ornaments, ●hi●h you recount, and which I with painful endeavours had purchased: my mind was not busied, neither with my friends occasions, nor the managings of the Commonwealth: I could not plead any cause, nor could I counsel the Senate: it appeared unto me, even as in effect it was, that I had lost all the fruits of my labours, and fortunes. But on the other side, considering ●hat this misfortune happened not to me alone, but extended itself further to you, and some others also: I armed my mind with patience, and so much the more readily, because I knew whither to fly, where to repose me, and where, with sweet and pleasant discourse, to expel out of my mind, all clouds of dusky and hea●uie meditations. But now, this grievous wound makes me feel those old scars, which I took to be healed. Heretofore, though I were deprived of the Commonwealth, yet I found them at home, which ye●lded me comfort. But now, of that society, which I so dear loved, finding myself left alone, me ●hinkes I have lost all those delights, that should have eased my afflictions about the Commonwealth. And thus I have lost all, both public and private com●ort: which makes me the rather desire, that you would speedily return: all the consolations of letters, are nothing, in respect of those, which our conversation and conference will afford me: and hereof I shortly look to receive comfort. For I hear, your return is expected. I desire for many causes, to see you out of hand, and amongst the rest, that we may, before it be too late, consult, how to pass over this time, wherein, the form of our life must be framed, according to the will and pleasure of one man: who, though he be replenished with wisdom and courtesy; and, so far as I can perceive, bears towards me, rather a good mind, than otherwise; and a singular affection to you: yet herein we must be circumspect, how we resolve, and that we stir in nothing, but quietly repose ourselves, under the shadow of his gracious favour. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 7.  
THough I will not presume to reprehend the courses, which hitherto you have taken; not because I am likewise of the same opinion: but in that I repute you so wise, that I will not take upon me to prefer mine own judgement before yours: yet for our ancient love's sake, and for the infinite good will, you have borne me, from your childhood, I could not but impart that unto you, which I judge most profitable for your life, without any prejudice to your honour, or reputation. I remember full well, you are the man, which in your Consulship performed wonderful matters: I likewise call to mind, that you never approved, that a civil war should be made in such form and manner, as it hath been. Neither did you ever like of Pompey's Army. And you always feared the perils, which since have happened, as also you cannot forget, that myself was even of the same opinion. And therefore, as you would be present in the war, but a small time: so I used all the means I could, to keep from thence, because there was no fight with counsel, authority, or cause, which were things wherein we excelled: but the buckling was by force and hand-blows, wherein we were not equal: and therefore we were vanquished; and if not vanquished, (for it seems, that a just and honest cause can never be overcome) at least, we were disturbed, & discomfited. Wherein, not only your counsel is by every man to be commended, in that together with the hope of victory, you gave over your desire of fight: giving in this to understand, that every wise & good Citizen, as he enters into a civil war against his will, so doth he as unwillingly persevere in the same, till it be ended. I see that those, who followed not your advice, are divided into two sorts: For some of them, did what they could, to renew the war in Africa: And othersome have cast themselves at the feet of the Conqueror; as also I myself have done. You have kept a ●iddle way; reputing peradventure of the other two ways, the ●ormer very imprudent, & the second to be scarce honourable. Questionless, most men, yea all in general, both censure, that you did wisely: and many likewise, extol therein your magnanimity and fortitude. But it may suffice you, that you have made yourself known for such a man: especially, ●eeing you want nothing else, for the recovery of your former estate; but a will in yourself. For I vndestand, there is nothing troubles his mind, that's Lord of all, but only the doubt he is in, ●hat you will not accept of your restitution at his hands. In which it boots not, for me to deliver my opinion, considering, what I have done myself. Notwithstanding, if you were formerly resolved, to live in perpetual exile, rather than to behold your Country's servitude: yet you should consider, that wheresoever you are, you shall be ever under his power, whom you fly, who although he were con●ent, that you should live abroad in any place in liberty, and quietly: yet you should do well, to bethink yourself, whether were better, either to live at Rome, and in your own house, or at Rh●des, or Mitylene But his dominion, whom we so much fear, being extended so far, that there is no p●rt of the world, which it reacheth not vn●o; had you not ra●her continue in your own house, without danger, than abroad, wi●h peril, in another man's. For my part, were I to lose my life, I had rather lose it in my Country, then in strange and foreign parts. What I write unto you, all that love you think the same: who, ●or your famous & noble virtues, a●e very many. We also stand in doubt of your habitations, which we would not have sacked in any wise. For, though peradventure, they can take no hurt of long continuance: (because neither Caesar, who hath in his hands the Commonwealth, nor yet the Commonwealth herself, would permit it.) Nevertheless, I knowing that in Rome there be Huckster's, I would not have them outrageously entered, and pil●●red. And who these are, I durst set down in writing: but that I am assured, you know them well enough. Your brother, Caius Marcellus, who is vexed with continual afflictions, with many tears in his eyes, sues for your return. And I feel no less grief than he: though the offices he undergoes to help you, are not permitted me to do. I having stood i● need myself of another man's help with Caesar, with whom I can do no more, than what the vanquished, usually obtain from the Conqueror: Nevertheless, I forsake not Marcellus, either in my counsels, or endeavours: your other friends make no use of me. In all occurrents command me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 8.  
I dare not advise you, nor offer you any comfort, knowing, you of yourself to be exceeding wise, and of great valour. For if it be tru●, that you support those terrible accidents, which have happened, with such constancy as I hear; I should rather rejoice in your fortitude, then mitigate your sorrow. If also the sinister events of the Commonwealth excruciate you: I dare not presume to have so copious a wit, as to think I can comfort you; not being able in that kind to help myself. In other offices be assured, that I will never fail, whensoever your friends request me; to whom I will in all occasions, give to understand, that I am bound to do for you, not only whatsoever I can do, but what I cannot do also. This I would request you to accept from me, either as a remembrance, or an opinion; or else, that you would believe, that my affection towards you urged me to speak it: which is, to enter into this cogitation, that myself hath done; that if there be any form of a Commonwealth, you must live therein; and though you be, both in every man's judgement, and in effect an honourable Citizen; yet the quality of the times must bear greater sway: then your peculiar will: nay, ●hough no form of a Commonwealth should remain, yet you may think Rome, a place fit enough for your exile. For if we affect liberty, what part is no● subject to this dominion? if like wise you care no more to live in one place, than another; what sweeter residence is there then a man's own country? But I assure you, that Caesar cherisheth all good wits; and embraceth noble, and estimable men, so far as may stand with the state, and dignity which he holds: but I go ●ur●her, than I thought to have done. Again I say, I will join my whole endeavour, with that of your best friends, if they be your friends: if not, I for mine own part, in all opportunities, will satisfy whatsoever is due, to the ancient amity hath been between us. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 9  
THough I wrote unto you at large before, by Quintus Mutius, and explained my opinion to you; yet Theophilus your Freeman going thither, whose fidelity and true love ●owards you, is well known unto me, I would not let him pass, without my letters: Once again therefore I persuade you, to return into your country, in what state so ever it stand. You may well see many things which you would not; but not more, than what every day comes to your ears: and think not, but there may come as much offence unto you, by the ear, as by the eye: rather, that which we hear, seems oftentimes far greater than it is in effect. Oh, but you●l tell me that sometimes you must needs say, and do that, which willingly you would not. First; to yield unto the times, that is, to obey necessity, hath ever been reputed singular wisdom: Then; so far as I can see, this your argument is not true● For, remaining in Rome, peradventure 'tis not lawful for you, to speak what you think: but you may lawfully conceal it. There is only one at this present, which governs; who is not advised by his friends, but follows his own counsels: and the like would Pompeius have done, if Fortune had permitted him to survive Conqueror. Shall we believe, that a●ter victory, he would have made any reckoning of us; when, during the uncertainties of the war, when he saw, all men, run one and the self same fortune, he only made use of the directions of some shallow fellows? And ●f when, you were Consul, he would not follow, your prudent instructions, neither would be directed after our prescriptions, in the year of your brother's Consulship: suppose you, if he had be●ne once possessed of the whole common wealth, that he would ever have lent so much as an ear, to our admonitions? Civil wars are full of all miseries; which our predecessors never saw; and [yet] this present age, by reiterated experience ha●h felt them. But there is nothing more lamentable, than victory itself: the which, though it fortune to the best qualified men, yet it makes them more ●ierce, and vnbrid●ed: so as, though they be not such by nature, yet necessity constrains them so to be. In that the victor must grant many things, contrary to his own mind, to those by whose means, he vanquished. Did you not perceive as well as I, how cruel likewise Po●peius victory must needs have been? If therefore he had subdued, would you in this case have forsaken your country, because you would not behold some things displeasing to your mind? If you say, you meant to live at Rome, because you would have enjoyed your substance, and retained your dignity: I will answer, that out of your virtue, you ought to have contemned your own respects, and to have no other object, but the Commonwealth. Withal, what will the effect of your opinion be? For hitherto, your resolution is not only commended; but considering the matter, your good Fortune also: your resolution; because necessity drove you to a civil war, and your wisdom retired you from the issue of it: your Fortune; by reason that in an honourable vacancy, you preserved the quality, and fame of your place, and dignity. But now, no place ought to be dearer to you, than your country; neither should you love her the worse, for her deformity, nor deprive her of your comfortable presence, seeing she is become the widow of so many, so great personages. Finally, if you ●aue made known the greatness of your mind, in not humbling yourself to the Conqueror; take heed you be not censured proud, in refusing his courtesy. And if we repute him wise, that flies far off, from his country's oppression; sometimes it is likewise esteemed but wilfulness, not to affect it: and if we are denied to enjoy public fortunes, yet let's make much of that, we are permitted to enjoy privately. To conclude, I say, that if you think that you live there more commodiously: yet ought you to consider, that you rest not peradventure in any great security. The liberty of Arms is unlimitable: but in other countries, there is also le●se respect of doing injury. I so desire your safety, that your brother Marce●●us, little, or nothing at all surmounts me. Have a respect, as is convenient, to the quality of the times, to your wisdom, to your life, and to your substance. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 10.  
THough I had no news whereof to write, and every day expected your letters, or rather indeed yourself: yet was I not willing Theophilus should come to you, 〈…〉 l●tters. Determine therefore to come so soon, as you can; and make accou●t, you shall come long looked for; not only by us, that is, by your friends, but of all men in general. Sometimes I muse with myself, that you delight as much as you can, to prolong your coming: questionless I should have held you excused, i● you had no other sense, but that o● your eyes. But things heard, making as deep an impression, as those that are seeney and being my opinion, that yo● ought without all delay to repair to Rome; I thought good by this, to instigate you thereunto. And s●eing I have made known my mind unto you, it remains for you to resolve in such a sort, as best stands with your wisdom. Yet I would desire you to write vn●o me, at what time we are to expect you. Farewell.   

Marcus Marcellus to Cicero. Epist. 11.  
HOW far your commands pre●aile with me, you might ever understand, but in this present occurrent more than at any other time. For though Caius Marcellus my most kind brother, not only exhorted me, but humbly entreated me, that I would be pleased to return to Rome: yet could he never persuade me, nor work that effect, which, since that, your letters have done; by which I perceive how the matter went. Your office of congratulation with me, springing from a most sincere affection, is to me very acceptable: and it yields me the greater contentment, because amongst so few friends and kinsmen, which seriously employed themselves for my safety, I particularly discover your desire, and the singular affection you bear me. At the first I little regarded my returning into that country, where men ruled more than laws: but now I am persuaded, that from such men, or such friends, as you are, no man can live far distant, either's in adverse, or favourable fortunes; wherefore this makes me rejoice in myself, and I remain so much obliged unto you, that I will devose by all means to make you know, that you have been beneficial to one, who in his love unto you, is no whit inferior to the best of your acquaintance. Farewell.   

Ser●ius Sulpitius to Ci●ero. Epist. 12.  
THough I know well, that I shall inform you of lamentable, and fearful news, nevertheless because fortune and nature exceeds all men's discourse: whatsoever it is, I think good not to conceal it: On the xxviij. of May, coming by ship from Epidaurus, to Pirae●um, I there found Marcus Marcellus our Colleague, and I spent all that day with him. The day following, when I departed from him, with intention to go into Boeotia, and to visit the rest of my Province; he, as he told me, was to sail towards Italy, by the way of the Malleae. The day after I being to leave Athens, about ten a clock at night, Pos●umius his ●amiliar friend, came, and told me, that after supper Publiu● Magius C●ilo, one of Marcellus his domestical friends, had stabbed him with a poniard, and given him two wounds, one in the stomach, another in the head, close under one of his ●ares; but that yet there was hope, that he might escape it: and that Magius after so wicked a fact, slew himself: and Marcel●us sent him to relate unto me the accident, and ●ntreat me, that I would assemble some Physicians: the which I presently did; and about break of day went without all delay, towards his lodging: when, not far from Pir●●um I met a boy that belonged to Acidinus, who delivered me a letter, which inferred, that a little before day Marce●●us left this life. Thus, a noble gentleman, renowned for great valour, by a base fellow, and of meanest condition, was lamentably murdered: and, having for his honour, and dignity been pardoned by his enemies, he met with a [pretended] Friend, that butchered him. I would not stay till I came to his lodging, where I found none but two freemen, and some few servants; for the rest, they said, were fled distracted, because their Master was slain, before his own lodging. I was enforced to carry him, into the City in my litter, and there I prepared for him as solemn a funeral, as in Athens I could. The Athenians would not grant me a place within the City where to bury him: For they excused themselves that they were prohibited by their religion, neither had they granted the like to any before; but they were content he should be buried, in any public School we best liked. And we of many made choice of the most noble; which was the school of the Academy: where burying his body, we ordained, that the Athenians, should erect in his memorial, a marble sepulchre. You see then, how both before and af●er his death, I did him those offices, whereunto I was tied, both in respect of inward amity, and by reason I had been his Colleague in the Consulship. Farewell. From Athens, this last of May.   

Cicero to Publius Nigidius Figulus. Epist. 13.  
THE reason why I have not written to you of long time, is first because I had no certain subject whereof to write; and secondly, because I could not use those kind of letters, which are ordinary. For Fortune hath so taken from us all kind of cheerful argument; that we cannot only not write, but not so much as think of any joyful matters. There remains a kind of writing, that's miserable and lamentable, and com●ormable to these times: this I want also. For when I should offer you assistance, and com●ort, I am able to offer you none For myself overwhelmed by the same storms, am driven to rely on others. And I lament more often, that I live in this manner, than I joy tha● I live: for though I have not particularly received any notorious injury by Fortune: and Caesar, without attending my supplication, hath conferred upon me, many real favours: yet have I inwardly such discontentment, that me thinks I si●ne grievously in remaining alive. For many of my familiar friends are by death taken away, and diverse for fear of the victor, are fled into sundry countries. And, of all those friends, which joined with me, and you, in defence of the Commonwealth, I have not one that surviveth: and I am enforced to behold the ruin and rapine of their goods: neither do I only hear, but to my extreme hea●t grief I see, their substance ill disposed of, by whose aid we heretofore extinguished the flames of the Commonwealth. And where we had before, favours, authority, and great glory; now we ●inde no such matter: true it is, that we enjoy the grace and favour of Caesar himself: but that can not prevail, above the violent mutation of all things, and of the times. Being therefore destitute of whatsoever I was accustomed unto by nature, inclination, and use; I am distasteful not only to others, as I understand, but to myself also. For being borne, to have always somewhat a foot, beseeming a man; now, I want not only the means of employment, but even to ruminate, how I might help any one: And whereas before, I was able to pleasure persons ignoble, yea, and the guilty; now, to Publius Nigidius my dear friend, who heretofore was so highly honoured, and who excels all men, both for learning, and piety; I cannot so much as offer my assistance. It therefore re●aines, that I labour to comfort you, and remo●e from you with lively reasons, that grief which oppresseth your mind. But if any man be of true force to comfort, either you or any other, it is yourself: whereupon, I will not touch that point, which contains in it learned, and exquisite reasons; But I will leave it absolutely to yourself. Observe you, that, which is requisite for a valiant, and wise man, exacted at your hands by your gravity, height of spirit, life past, the studies, and Sciences, which you ever prosecuted with singular commendation. I'll deliver unto you, what I can know, remaining in Rome, and thereunto bending my mind, as I do. I therefore affirm unto you, that you shall not long dwell in these molestations, wherein at this present you are involved; but in those which also oppress us, I fear, you will ever continue. First of all I conceive, that he which bears all the sway, hath a very good opinion of you. This I write not without good ground. The less familiar I am with him, the more diligently I dive into his disposition. And therefore be secure, that he delays your restitution for no other reason, but because he would have so much the juster occasion, to deny their suits with whom he is displeased. Besides, all his friends, I mean those in greatest opinion with him, stand greatly affected to your virtues, whereunto may be added the people's favour unto you, yea, and of all Rome beside. And moreover the Commonwealth, which, to tell truth; at this instant, is but weak, (but of necessity it must recover it former ability) with the same strength it shall have, will constrain her governors, to restore you to your country. I said in the beginning, that I could not offer you my endeavour, and yet now I'll presume to offer you it: for I will seek by all ceremonial observance, to gain, and bind unto me Caesar's friends, who love me well, and spend much time with me; and by all artificial means, I will study to insinuate myself into Caesar's amity; which hitherto hath been denied me, through my over respective nature. In conclusion, take my faithful promise, that I will leave no ways unattempted, by which I may think to compass our ends: And in this I'll do much more, than I dare to write. In all other occurrents command me, for you shall see me exceed the love of all your other friends and kindred. I have nothing in the world, which you may not esteem as well yours as mine own; But of this I'll dilate no further, being desirous that you should hope rather to help yourself with your own; as I hope you shall. Nothing remains, but to exhort, and entreat you, that you would arm your mind against Fortune: and remember not only those things which you have learned of other great men, but also those which have proceeded from your own study, and understanding. Which doing, you shall rely on good hopes: and with fortitude overcome any adverse accident. But who is better acquainted with these reasons, than yourself? I will enterprise any thing, whereby I may yield you assistance: and I will preserve in memory the good: which you wrought for me in the unfortunate time of my banishment. Farewell.   

Cicero, to Cneius Plancius. Epist. 14.  
I Received from you two letters, delivered in Corcyra: in one of which you did congratulate with me, for having understood, that I still retained my ●ormer dignity. In the other you wished me happy success of the new marriage. And I affirm unto you, th●t I hold my dignity; if it may be called dignity for a man ●o c●rrie that mind towards the Commonwealth, which all honest men ought: but if dignity consist, in effecting your upright counsels and ends; or at least in defending ●reely your opinions; there is not so much as the least appearance of dignity; and 'tis no sm●ll matter, if we may govern ourselves ●o, that with patience we may wade through the torrent of evils, which partly threaten, and partly lie upon us; which is very difficult in so miserable a war, whose ends threaten slaughter on the one side, and servitude on the other. A midst which dangers I am much comforted, when I call to mind, that I foresaw these dreadful calamities, ever since the time, that I feared not only the victory of our enemies, but our own also. For I saw, but too plainly, how dangerous that contestation would be, which propounded to itself, the Roman Empire for a reward. And admit they had vanquished, to whom through hope of peace, and no desire of war I was linked; yet I well understood, how bloody the victory of enraged, ambitious, and insolent men would be: but if they had lost the day: how many great men, and excellent Citizens would have lost their lives. Who, when I laboured for peace, and laid open to them the miseries, which civil ●warres produce, they supposed, that my exhortations proceeded rather from ●ea●e then prudence. Whereas you rejoice for my new marriage, I know assuredly, that you affect my repose & quiet: but I had never taken any new course, in these so lamentable times, but that, at my return I found mine own estate, in as bad terms as the Commonwealth: For I was not secure under mine own roof: my whole house was full of entrappings and snares; I found 'gins laid every where for me, even by those, who for my singular benefits, should rather have had a tender care, of my goods, and safety. Whereupon I thought, by the trust of a new affinity, to secure myself, from the perfidious practices of the old: But enough hath been said, concerning our affairs, and more peradventure, then was requisite. As for yours, take a good heart, and fear no particular contrariety: For overcome who will, I see not how you run into any great danger: Caesar, having already as far I can conceive, assuaged his anger towards you; and the Pompeians having never hated you. Caesar I know, h●th received you into grace, and Pomp●ius never wished you ●ll. For mine own part, I promise you, that wherein soever I may do you good, although ●t this present, I see, I can pleasure you but little; yet will I strive, with endeavours and counsel, or at least, wi●h hearty affection and love, to procure your profit, honour, and safet●●● I beseech you, advertise me, of what soever you do, or intent to do, with expedition. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cneius Plancius. Epist. 15.  
I Received from you a very brief letter, wherein I was not certified of that, that I desired to know: and have understood that, which before I knew very well. For I was not informed, how constantly you support, the common miseries; I plainly discerned, how much you loved me: but this I knew before; if the other had been known unto me, I had been furnished with matter to write of: But though heretofore by letter I expressed my mind unto you; yet at this present likewise, I thought good to admonish you, that you would not think yourself, to be at any worse poi●t ●hen others. We are all in great danger, but the peril is common. Thi● disaster is universal: you must not therefore shake it off, ●or request, that, that be done for yourself alone, which is denied all others. Let us therefore still between us retain that mind, which we ever maintained among ourselves: whereof, I hope well on your behalf; and for mine own, I'll war●ant you Farewell.    

THE fifth BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Quintus Met●llus Celer, son of Quintus, vice-consul, to Cicero. Epist. 1.  
IF you be in health, I am very ●lad● I s●ould n●uer h●u●●hought, that you ●ad so little esteemed our mutual love, and th● amit●●e●weene us renewed, that for a word only, you would seek the ruin of my brothe● M●●ellu●; to whom some respect was du●, if not fo● his own sake, yet at least ●or ●he nobility of our family, & ●or the singular love I bear, both to you, and the Common wealth. But now I both see him to be b●set with enemies; and small account to be made of myself, by him that had good reason to esteem me. So that I, who have charge of the Province, and Army; I that am armed for your defence, am extremely distracted. And because you have neither borne you as equity, nor as the clemency of our predecessors required you; no marvel though hereafter you repent you. I did not believe, you could have carried so mutable a mind, towards me, and mine: And yet your injuries cannot be of so great efficacy, as to separate me from the Commonwealth. Farewell.   

Cicero, to Quintus Metellus Celer; son to Quintus, vice-consul. Ep. 2.  
IF you and the Army be safe, and in health: I am glad. You write unto me, that for the mutual love, and late amity renewed between us, you could never have believed, that I should have held you in so base an esteem: by which words I know not, wha● you would infer: But I imagine, that it m●ght be reported unto you, how I arguing in the Senate, used this speech; That many were grieved, because I had preserved the Commonwealth: and that your neere●t kinsmen, whom you could not well deny, wrought you ●o far, that you should not urge my commendation in the Senate, as before you were resolved. In saying of which, I further added, that the office of preserving the Commonwealth, was equally divided betwixt us. For, I had defended Rome●rom ●rom domestical practices, & from the treason of corrupt Citizens, and you, Italy, from the armed enemy, and privy conspiracies: and that this our society, in so great & honourable an enterprise, was broken off, by your kindred: who took i● ill, that I, who had wonderfully approved of you, in matters of so great importance, should be i● any par●● by you recompensed. And declaring in ●his dis●course, with what joy I attended your praise, and approbation; and how f●ustrate I remained o● that hop●; the Senators took con●entm●nt her●in, and began to smile; not ●or ●hat I ●pak● of you, but because my expectation proved urine and ●ru●tl●s●e: and because openly, and sincerely, I revealed the desire I had, ●o be commended by you. I● cannot therefore in this be said, that I have not honoured you, manifesting what contentment I should take, to hear your testimony, add greater grace to my renowned actions. Whereas you speak of mutual love, I know not how you understand love 〈◊〉 but I suppose, that then it is tru●ly mutual, when the one, and the other p●rty loves, with equal and answerable affection. If I should have said, th●● to do you a favour, I reno●n●●● my Province; you would rather h●u● thought me vain herein, then otherwise. For the renunciation was made, to give myself satisfaction, and every day I am b●tt●r pleased therewith, than other. It is true, that in giving it up, I sought to have it committed to you. I will no● men●ion the offices I did you, before you were drawn by lot: only, be assured of thus much, that my Colleague did nothing in it, without my privity. Remember you the rest: with what expedition, so soon as your lot was drawn, I assembled the Sena●e on the self same day; how abundantly I spoke in your commendation. Did ●ot you once tell me yourself, that I did not only commend you, but exalted your praise, with th● scorn and contempt of your Competitors? Besides, the decree, which passed vp●n such an election that day from the S●na●e, will testify my true love towards you, so long as 'tis extant. And after you wen● into the Province, I desire you would call to mind the favours, that I did you, both in the Senate, and with the people; as also the letters I wrote unto you. And when you have collected all these things, consider I pray you, whether at your last return to Rome, you requited so many good offices. Whereas you mention our renewed amity, I know not herein your meaning, because you term that renewed, which never was altered. Whereas you write, that I have done ill, having by one only word, procured your brother's ruin; First, be assured, that I like wondrous well, this your zeal, and good will, accompanied with such vis●●rall love and affection to your brother: And then, if in any thing, for the respect of the Commonwealth, I have been opposite to your brother; I request you to p●rdon me; For, no man can love the Commonwealth, better than myself: but if I defended my reputation, from his violent passion towards me; i● may suffice you, that I never complained to you, of the injury he did m●e: who, because I knew, that he prepared, and disposed the whole power of his Tribuneship to my destruction: I besought Claudia your wife, and Mucia your sister, whose good opinion towards me, I discovered in many things, for the amity's sake betwixt me and Pompeius, that they would divert him from so wicked a determination. But he, notwithstanding I had been Consul, & had preserved the Commonwealth, did me such an injury, as was never offered to any Magistrate, of what mean rank soever; nor to the worst Citizen. For, at the last of December, as peradventure you have heard, he prohibited me, in the resignation of my Consulship, to give account unto the people of my proceedings: which injury notwithstanding, at last redounded to my great honour. For, he permitting me no further intimation, than mine oath; I swore aloud, and the people with a loud voice, and to my great glory, swore likewise, that mine oath was most true. Having received this gross disgrace; yet the same day, I sent to Metellus, those that were friends to us both; requesting him to remove that resolution, he had undertaken against me; To whom he made answer, That it was not in his power: because, speaking to the people, he had formerly employed, that there was no reason, that he should have authority given him to speak, who would not grant the same to others, but had punished them, without permitting them lawful plea. Oh, what a grave Gentleman, and brave Citizen was this! who, though I had delivered the Senate from death, Rome from combustion, and Italy from war, thought me worthy of that punishment, which the Senate, out of the consent of all good men, had inflicted upon them, who meant to set Rome on fire; hue the Magistrates & Senators in pieces; and to have raised up, a most bloody or cruel war. Upon this, I opposed myself to your brother, who was present. For, the first of january, I so buckled with him in the occasions of the Commonwealth, as he might perceive, I wanted neither courage, nor constancy. And afterwards on the third of the same month, he having convocated the people, in the beginning of his Oration, he went about to deprave me, naming, and threatening me every third word, with full resolution, utterly to sink me; not by way of justice, or equity, but by bitter violence, and passionate outrage. Whose temereity, if I had not stou●ly withstood; who would not have thought, that in my Consulship, I showed resolution, rather out of the benefit of my Fortunes, then either for virtue, or fortitude of mind: If you neu●r perceived how ill Metellus stood affected to me; this may be an evident sign, that he little esteems you; never writing unto you, of a matter of so great importance. But if he did impart his mind unto you, you should think me very mild, and tractable, in that I never complained thereof to you, though I had all the reasons [in the world] to do it. For, not only in words, as yo● write, but with all manner of injuries, he laboured to persecute me. Now, observe my humanity, if it may be termed humanity, when a man does not only suppress the choler of his mind● but further humbleth himself, to his enemy. ay, though your brother had shamefully injuried me, yet never showed my ●elfe to him, otherwise then favourable. And, whensoever his name came in question in the Senate; I always joined with them in opinion, that proceeded mildly with him. Neither content with this; although he were mine enemy: yet in that he was your brother. it did not only displease me, but further, I wrought by all my means, and power, that the decree enacted against him, might be cancelled. So, as I opposed not your brother; but I have resisted your brother, neither was I towards you, mutable, as you write; but so constant, that I have persevered in loving you, though you gave me occasion to the contrary. As also at this present, though you write to me after a threatening manner, yet will I not complain. Because I do not only pardon, but highly commend your passion 〈◊〉 natural affection intimating in this, of what force brotherly love is. But yet I entreat you, that you will also truly weigh my passion; allowing, that if your friends did bitterly, and with cruelty, persecute me without cause; I ought in this case, nor only, not to give them place, but make my repai●e to you for aid; and make use of the power, as well of yourself, as of the whole Army, under you. I ever desired to have you my friend, as likewise, I have omitted no endeavour, whereby it might appear, that I was not your friend only, but your most loving friend. My heart is now, that which it ever was, and so shall continue, so long as you please: and if the hatred that I deferuedly bear to your brother, can any whit extenuate the love betwixt us; I will hereafter forbear to hate him, lest it be an occasion, that I be no● beloved. Farewell.   

Quintus Met●llus Nepos, to Cicero. Epist. 3.  
YOur mani●old courtesies work so with me, that I give no credit to tho●e dishonest reports, which this importunate 〈◊〉 sends unto me. Neither 〈◊〉 I 〈◊〉 account of such like 〈◊〉, by 〈◊〉 their levity: and freely taking yourself in his stead, I accept you for my brother: imagining that he is no more living amongst men: Though twice I have saved him, whether he would or no. Touching myself, and the things I have effected, I will write thereof at large to Lollius, not to be burdensome unto you, with so many letters. You shall know my mind by him, about the state of this Province: Let me entreat you, if it be possible to continue the same love, towards me, that you always bore me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Quintus Metellus Nepos Consul. Epist. 4.  
THE letters of Quintus my brother, & of Titus P●mponius, my inward friend, so raised my hopes, as I expected aid, no less from you, then from your Colleague: Whereupon I wrote unto you, conformable to the state wherein I stood, giving you thanks for what you had heretofore done, and requesting you, hereafter never to fail me. After this, my friends not only wrote unto me, but many that came hither, reported it by word of mouth, that your affection towards me was altered which was the cause, I would presume no mo●e to write, because I would not be irksome, nor troublesome unto you. Now, my brother Quintus advertising me, how exceeding kindly you spoke of me in the Senate, I thought it but my duty, and most requisite, to thank you again for the love, which still you manifest unto me. But if I shall not wrong your courtesy, I would entreat you, that you would preserve your friends, and me also, rather than by their arrogancy, and cruelty, to oppose me: you have overcome yourself, in pardoning the Commonwealth your private enmities, and will you foster other men's [rancours] against her? I give you my faithful promise, that if out of your clemency you lend me your aid, in all occasions I will rest at your command: but if you permit the Senate, people, and Magistrates to be cross, in revoking me out of this unworthy banishment, wherein I was driven, by wicked violence, not only to my own, but to the ruin of the Commonwealth: remember, that you may hereafter desire to secure us both at such a time, when no means is left, either for her escape, or my safety. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Antonius, son to Marcus Imperator. Ep. 5.  
THough I resolved not to write any thing unto you, but by way of recommending some Friend; not because I knew my commendations would take any great place with you, but that they who entreated me, might perceive, that our friendship was no whit impaired; yet when Titus Pomponius was coming towards you, who better knows then any other, what I have desired, and effected in your behalf; and doth beside long to gratify you; and bear●s me singular affection: I thought good to write unto you; especially not being able to satisfy Pomponius in any other wise. If I should say, that you were much bound unto me, I should not lie; having ever procured your benefit, honour, and reputation; whereas yourself can truly testify, that you never did me any favour: rather you have sometimes sought to hurt me, for as much as I have understood from many: For I●le not affirm, that myself ever found it: not to use the very same word accidentally, with which they say, you were wont to pick quarrels wi●h me. But I mean not to w●ite that unto you, which hath be●ne reported to me: I'll leave it ●or Pomponius to deliver unto you; who apprehended the same discontentment which I did. The Senate and people of Rome, are witnesses of the notable offices which I have performed for your honour: whither you ever recompensed me in any part, none knows better than yourself. How far you may command me, l●t others give their censure: whatsoever I did for your sake, I did it first out of mine own disposition, and then to be reputed constant. But now I give you to understand, that such an occasion prepares itself, that I must needs with greater zeal do my endeavour. And I will bend myself throughly thereunto, so I find not my pains, and travel lost; for in this case, you yourself would hold me for a fool. Pom●ponius will inform you wherein my help is so importing, the which Pomponius, though I am confident, you will do any thing for his sake, nevertheless I comm●nd him to you: And if any of the love remain with you, that heretofore you bore me, I pray you demonstrate it to me wholly in his person; You cannot do me a more acceptable office than this. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Sextius, son to Lucius Quaestor. Epist. 6.  
Decius' the Notary, came and entreated me, that at this present I would prevent that any man should be allotted to succeed you. ay, although I had the best opinion of him, that could be had of one of his condition: and took him ●or your friend; ye●, calling to mind what you wrote unto me, not m●ny days before, I thought it hard to believe, that you should have changed resolution: neither would I stand to his mere word, although I took him for a discreate and modest person. But after Cornelia your wife spoke with Terentia, and Quintus Corne●ius certified me thereof: I was careful to be present in the Senate, as oft as it sat. And concerning your desire, to remain still in the Province, I had much a do to make Quintus Fusius, Tribune of ●he people, and the rest to believe it, to whom a little befor●, as also to me, you had written the contrary. The affairs of the Provinces were deferred till januarie, but notwithstanding, at that time, we hoped ●o obtain our purpose. ●he kind office you did me, in writing, that you desire, my buying of Crassus' house, might prove fortunate unto me: was an occasion, that not long a●ter, I bought it for an hundred, and five thousand crowns: so that I feel such a burden of debt upon my shoulders, that I could wish, to enter into some conspiracy, so they would accept of me. But the hatred they bear me is so great, as they offer me repulse, and malice me openly, as the cause of their ruin: beside they are not confident, and are afraid, that I lay some snares for them; not believing, that I can want money, who freed the usurers, from their violence. In truth, I am reputed for that cause, a sufficient man: and there are som●, that lend freely for six in the hu●d●ed. I went to see your house, and building, which I thought in every part very fair. I have defended Antonius in the Senate house, with the greatest fervency, and care I could; and by my speech and authority I have much drawn the Senate to favour him: I would not fail him: though for some offices past, 'tis well known, how ill he hath requited me. I pray you, write o●ten to me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cneius Pompeius magnus, son to Cneius. Ep. 7.  
I And all men else, took great delight in the letters, which you written to the Senate; For you give so much hope of a secure state, as putting my trust wholly in you, I have always promised to every one. But on the contrary, those your old enemies, who were become your new friends, hearing the news of your victory, remained amazed, and astonished; seeing themselves frustrated of ●he hope, they had, ●o come to the glory of so noble an enterprise. The letters you wrote unto me, though they contain but little demonstration, of your love towards me, were nevertheless very dear unto me. For I never rejoice more at any thing, than I do when I understand, t●at I ●aue discharged my dutie●: and, if afterwards any man in ●ffects be not answerable, I am glad, that I rest superior in courtesy. I make no doubt, but the Commonwealth will reconcile join, and bind us together; ●hough my affection towards you, which in many respects you m●y have deserved, were not sufficient to make me enjoy your love ●nd favour. And because you may know, what I wou●d have h●d y●u written to me, I will tell i● you plainly, both as my nature and our Amity requireth. I have compassed matters of such quality, as I firmly believed that you would rejoice with me; being bound thereunto, first, in respect of your country, and then in consideration of our friendship. But I imagine you forbore the doing of such an office, for fear of offending some man. Though I assure you, there's none but commends that, which I affected for the safety of my country. And when you come, you shall understand, that I bore myself therein with so much judgement, and greatness of mind, that you will not esteem my amity contemptible; perceiving by the effects, that as you are far greater, than ever was Scipio Africanus, so I am not inferior much to Lelius. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Licinius Crassus, son to Marcus. Ep. 8.  
I Know that all your friends have written to you, with what endeavour, and affection, I have defended, and augmented your dignity. For I have travailed in such sort, that they m●y very well perceive, the desire I h●u● to pleasure you. I have so bandied with the Consuls, and many Consular personages, as I never was so fervent in pleading any thing: and I have undertaken to defend your honour, in all occasions, that henceforward shall present themselves: to pay what I owe to our ancient amity; as now I do, and would have done before, if a certain quality of the times, being opposite to my desire, had not hindered me. And truly I was ever ready in heart, to honour and pleasure you: but it f●ls out, that some men, enemy's, and envious of others praise, like a pestilence, infecting and corrupting our friendship, have procured, that for a time, there passed not betwixt us, any great effects of love: and to recover in part, that time, I might well desire, but n●uer hope, ●or so fit an occasion, as at this present is: Fortune affording me a means, not only to sh●w unto you, my true and constant love, but to show it you, in the greatest height of your felicity. Wherein my h●p hath been so favourable, that not only your family, but all Rome discerns, me to be your very friend. And now, your wife, amongst other matrons the chiefest; and your obedient, and valorous sons, are governed according to my precepts, and instructions; making use of me in their opportunities: And the Senate, and people of Rome, see manifestly, that in this your absence, you have not a friend, that more zealously procureth your honour then myself. I care not to give you advertisement, of such things as have ensued, and daily fall out, for you● friends will write to you thereof. For myself, be assured, that when I undertook to honour and observe you, I was moved thereto out of no sudden desire, nor accidentally: but so soon as I entered into businesses, I always had this end, to anneere myself as much as I could to your friendship. Since which time, I cannot remember, that I have not daily more and more, observed, and esteemed you; and that you neither loved, nor accepted of me. And if at some times, no bad effects, but some dislike hath grown between us, this occurring through ●alse suggestions, and of no moment, I would have the memorial of that time, so to be rooted out of our memory, tha● it may neue● grow again. For you are, and I desi●e to be such a man, as I hope our inward friendship, shall be praiseworthy in either of us, both of us lighting on the self same times of the Commonwealth. You may make that account of me, which best pleaseth you; but yet I think you'll value me no less, then belongs to my place. Howsoever, I promise, and make offer of myself, in so much as I shall be able to effect any thing for your benefit. And though in this, I should have many competitors, nevertheless I'll give that trial of myself, as they shall all remain vanquished; offering to stand to any man's judgement, especially of Marcus, and Publius' your sons: the which, though they be both, dear to me, yet I am somewhat more affected to Publius; because not only at this present, but ●uen from his childhood, he hath always loved and reverenced me as a Father. Suppose these l●tters to be in stead of a league, not of an Epistle: and be secure, that I will most religiously observe, and perform, whatsoever now I promise you: And I will ever discharge the same office that I performed in your absence, in defence of your dignity; first because I am your friend, and then, because I would not appear variable or inconstant. I will not therefore be longer. Only I affirm unto you, that whensoever of my sel●e I find I have ability to do any thing, which may procure you satisfaction, benefit, or reputation, I will of mine own accord do it. And in what I cannot find● out, if I but understand it from you, or yours, I will so work, that ●ou s●all rest contented, in having mo●ed me. I beseech you therefore employ me in any occasion of yours, how little or great, or indifferent soever it 〈…〉 write to your friend's, that they 〈◊〉 my endeavour, advice, authority, and ●●uour, i● public or p●●uate occasions, either judicial, or domestical: ●f your own, or of your friend's; to the end that my care● may diminish as fair as is possible, their desire of your own presence. Farewell.   

Publius Vati●ius Imperator, to his friend Cicero. Ep. 9  
IF you be in health, I am pleased, myself am in health. If you t●●e upon you m●ns defence, as your custom was: Pub●ius V●●inius, having n●ed o● defence, ha●h recourse to your protection. I hope that you will n●t refuse me in matters, wherein my honour is touched, having accepted of me in those which less imported. And whom should I rather choose or call unto in my de●●nce, then him under whose protection, I have been accustomed to overcome? should I peradventure fe●re, that you, who for my safety exposed yourself against ●he violence of mighty persons, are not now able to ressi●t, the bad and wicked practices of some, who are as vo●d● of force, as fraught wi●● 〈◊〉? wherefore, if you love me, as y●u were wont; embra●e me, and prepare yourself, to defend my reputation against such as these. You know that my fortune, ● cannot tell ●ell 〈…〉 manner, easily finds adversaries, not upon my demerit: but what avails that, if i● happen by my unlucky fortune? I pray you, if any man would wrong my reputation, forget not your old custom, and make manifest unto me your court●ous disposition, as ever you have done, since first I came into this government. I send unto you a copy of the letter, which I sent unto the Senate, by way of advertisement, of things by me achieved. 'Tis told me, that a servant of yours, is run from you, and that now, he is amongst the Vardaei, whereof you wrote nothing to me; notwithstanding I have commanded him to be searched for, by sea and land; and I'll find him you out howsoever, except he be fled into Dalmatia: from whence I'll fetch him too, at last. Love me and Farewell. In the Camp at Narona, this xiii. of julie.   

Publius Vatinius Imp●rator, to his friend Cicero. Ep. 10.  
FOr ●our Dionysius, though I have sought much, yet hitherto can I not find the trace of him; and the less, because the cold hath here also in such sort increased, that it hath driven me out of Dalmatic: nevertheless, I will so use the matter, that I will get him at length. I peruse●, what you wrote unto me about C●t●lius, Out alas! what is that you demand of me? how happens it, that you always seek impossibilities at my h●nd? I would I could do every th●ng ●or you; and our f●●end, ●extus Ser●ilius; but I ●ust tell you ●●eely, that I wonder much, that you defend such men, and accept of such like causes. This Catilius is the bloodiest fellow that lives: how many Gentlemen, how many honest matrons, how many Citizens of Rome, hath he slain, and made slaves? how many Countries hath he destroyed? This brutish creature, a man of no esteem, was so presumptuous, as to contend wi●h me, and I took him in war: I could wish, to pardon him for your sake, but how shall I answer them, that cry out, and complain, that he hath taken away their goods, rifled their ships, and murdered their brothers, children, and progenitors. W●re I as brazen faced as Appius, in whose place I was substituted, I could do no less then punish him: yet I'll do what I can, to content you. Quintus V●lusius your disciple, de●ends h●m: if he can peradventure, satisfy his adversaries; I would, perhaps, release him. I pray, afford me all your help, wherein you see me to stand in ne●d 〈◊〉 doth me great wrong, in not moving the Senate, that I may be granted my suit, for the ha●pie success the gods gave me in this war of Dalmatia: as if I had not performed matters worthy of triumph, much more of obtaining a suit: If he stay while I have ended the whole war, I shall be worse entreated than others, who have served in the wars for ●he Commonwealth. There remains yet, twenty old towns of Dalmatia, which have united themselves, with above threescore.  
AFter my suits were commenced, I went into Dalmatia. Six towns I have taken by force: and there is this alone remaining, which is very great, taken heretofore by me four times: For I have taken, four towers, four walls, and all the Castle. From which, the snow, rain, and cold have driven me: and through my evil hap, I was enforced to leave the foresaid town, the war b●ing finished. Whereupon I pray you, if need be, to favour me with Caesar, and to defend me in what shall be requisite; with constant opinion, that you have not a be●ter friend than my ●●lfe. Farewell. The f●r of September, from Narona.   

Cicero to Publius Vatinius. Epist. 11.  
I Wonder not, though you accept so well of mine offices, having ever known you amongst others, for a most thankful man: and I never forbore to publish it. For I have not only received thanks from you; but have been also plentifully requited. Whereupon in all your other occasions, you shall find me ready to pleasure you. Whereas you commend unto me, Pompeia, your wife, a most noble Gentlewoman: having perused your letters, I presently spoke with our friend, Sura, to tell her in my behalf, that she should make me acquainted, what she stood in need of; for I would willingly pleasure her. And I promise you to do it, and if it be needful, I'll go in person to visit her. Nevertheless, I would that you should write unto her, that she will esteem nothing so great, or so trifling, that I shall think either too difficult, or unbeseeming me. Whatsoever I can do for you, will seem easy, and conformable to my dignity. If you wish me well, procure that Dionysius may return. Whatsoever you promise him, I'll perform: but if he will needs be a knave, you shall lead him prisoner in triumph. I beshrew these Dalmatians, that put you to so much trouble. But, as you write, in short time you will bring them in, and they will illustrate your victories. For they were ever reputed warlike. Farewell.   

Cicero to Lucius Lucceius, son to Quintus. Epist. 12.  
I Determine freely, to open my mind unto you by letters, which do not blush; seeing in presence I never durst do it, through a certain modesty, I cannot say, but rather a rudeness. I have a wonderful desire, and except I be deceived, very commendable; tha● you would be pleased to celebrate my name, with the publication of your compositions: the which, though many times you told me, you would do; yet I would have you pardon me, though I solicit you thereunto: For the ●orme of your writing, which I ever thought would be excellent, goes beyond my expectation, and hath so won me, that I am surprised with an exceeding desire, that my acts atchieud, may be written with your pen. Because I do no● only hope, that death itself shall not extinguish the memorial of my name; but further, in life I desire to enjoy that reputation, which may accrue unto me by your testimony; and to taste that sweetness, which I shall find, seeing myself to be praised, and beloved, by one of your quality. And though I know how much you are employed: nevertheless, in that I see, you have now finished the history of the Italian, and civil war: and you told me you pro●ected the rest; I would not omit for mine own sake, to admonish you, that you would bethink yourself, whether you would connex our proceedings with others; or else to do, as many Grecians have done, Calistines the Trojan war; Timaeus that of Pyrrhus; and Polybius the war of Numantia: all which, divided the foresaid wars; so you also might separate the civil conspiracy, from the wars external. I see not certainly, that it greatly imports my commendation; yet respecting my great desire, surely it imports, that you do not observe the order of times, but that you rather anticipate, & first make mention of my actions. And withal, if you employ your wit upon one subject only, and about one person; me thinks I foresee, how much more copious and more adorned, the discourse will prove in every part. Neither am I so barren of understanding, but that I perceive, how impudent I am; First, in imposing upon you such a burden (which, in respect of your employments, you might well refuse:) and then, to importune you, that you would commend me; in that you may think peradventure I deserve it not. But having once begun to exceed the bounds of modesty, we must absolutely lay aside all bashfulness. And therefore I request you earnestly, to set forth mine actions, and that with greater lustre, than peradventure, you judge to stand with their merit: and that you will not tie yourself to the laws of History, but to the desert of our friendship: which, I desire, should prevail further with you in this; then truth. And because heretofore, you wrote, in a certain Proem, and indeed ingeniously, that even as that Hercules in Xenophon, would not be moved a whit at the allurement of pleasures: so no respect of amity should stir you. Now, ●or my contentment, I would have you alter your mind, and in regard of our love, that you would apply yourself, to satisfy me in this request. And if (as I desire) you resolve to collect a memorial of my proceedings, and to comprehend them distinctly in one volume: it would be a subject, in my opinion, very worthy of your eloquence. For, beginning from that time, that the conspiracy gr●w, and prosecuting even to that [instant] when I returned from banishment; you shall meet with so many accidents worthy of history, as compiling them all together, you will make up a reasonable volume. And in this, you may make use of the knowledge you have, of the civil alterations, relating partly, the original of discords, partly showing the remedies against future mischiefs: discommending withal, things blame-worthy, and praising the commendable, with such reasons, as you judge fittest. And if you would follow your wont custom of speaking freely; you may note, many men's perfidious proceedings, plots, & treacheries against me. Withal, my disasters will minister unto you great variety in writing, carrying such a kind of contentment, as will invite men to read forward. For, nothing is more apt to delight the Readers, than the variety of times, & several mutations of Fortune. The which, though in their trial, we found them troublesome, yet are we not sorry, to see them written. For, the secure remembrance of troubles past, bringeth contentment & others, that never sustained any grief of their own, reading the molestations of other men, without agreevance, they feel a kind of compassion, which replenisheth the mind, with acceptable delight. Which of us feels not, both contentment, and compassion, when he reads the death of that Epaminondas, who was slain before Mantinaea? where he commanded, that the weapon which wounded him to death, should then be taken out of his body, when he heard, that his shield was in safe keeping: and having heard thus much, contemning the extreme pain of his wound, in full contentment, he finished his days, with a noble death. Which of us reads not, with admirable attention, the flight, and return o● Themistocles? 'Tis true, that a continued history seems much to delight; because it orderly representeth the success of things past● but a distinct Narration, wherein men may observe, the variable and doubtful accidents, of some excellent man, carries with it, both wonder, and expectation; joy, & sorrow; hope, and fear: and, if the end be remarkable, in reading it, we attain to the height of contentment. Wherefore, it will please me the better, if you resolve to distinguish this tale (as I may term it) of our affairs, and successes, from the continued course o● your writings: which contains in it, diverse erterprises, and many effects, both of counsels, and of the times. Neither will I believe, that it should breed any suspicion in you, that I go about to creep into you, by way of flattery; though I show so ardent a desire, to be by you celebrated. For, you are not a man, that's ignorant of yourself. And who reputes them not rather envious, which admire you not, than those flatterers, that do praise you? Neither am I so foolish, to be celebrated and eternised by one, who by celebrating me, may not also himself purchase a particular renown for his wit, and learning. That so famous a Captain, Alexander, would only be drawn by Apelles, and graven by Lysippus: and he did it not, because he would win their love, by the Art of assentation; but because he saw, that Apelles picture, and the sculpture of Lysippus, would make their names renowned, and bring to hi●selfe also, no small reputation. Although th●se Artificers, by th●●r mystery, represent nothing, but the form of the body, showing us their corporeal image, whom we never saw: but whosoever is celebrated for laudable actions, without help of images, he lives of himself, and shall live for ever in the memory of men. And we se● that Spartan Agesilaus hath no less fame, who never would be either drawn, or graven; then they, that were very careful herein: For, one little Pamphlet only of Xenophons', written in commendation of that King, hath far surmounted all the pictures, and statues, that ever were. And the contentment of my mind, and the reputation of my name will be the greater, if I be mentioned in your writings, rather than of any other. Because I shall not only he●ein have your wit favourable to me, as Tim●leon had that of Timaeus, and Themistocles, that of Herodotus; but further, the authority of so honourable a person, and so well known in the important services of the Commonwealth. So, as it will see me, that I have not only found that shrill trumpet, which Alexander, when he came to Sigaeum, said that Homer resounded in honour of Achilles; but withal, the serious testimony of a great, and reputed m●n I like that Hector well, whom N●uim b●ings in, who rejoiced not so much, for that he was praised, but he adds, by a praise worthy man. And, if I obtain not this favour from you; that is, if by reason of any business of your own, you shall not have time herein to content me, (for, in matters possible, I suppose, you would grant my request) I shall peradventure be urged to do that, which many are wont to reprehend: for I will write of myself, after the example, notwithstanding, of many famous men. But you know, that in this part, many respects must be considered. They must write sparingly of themselves, if they have done any thing worthy of praise, & omit those things, which deserve blame. Whereunto we may add, that the writings purchase neither credit, nor authority; and finally diverse discommend this manner of writing, saying, that in Greece, the proclaimers of the Gyminician games, used greater modesty: who though they have set the crowns on the heads, of the other Conquerors, and with a loud voice, published their names; yet when themselves before the games be ended, are crowned, they cause another to come to diuulge them: because they will not publish their own victories. I desire to avoid this taxation, and will shun it, if you grant me my request; and I entreat you herein to satisfy me. And to the end, you may not wonder, why I use such earnest and long suit, or entreaty to you for it, y●u having o●ten informed me, that with all diligence, you would compound a work of my actions: I tell you, as I did in the beginning, that I herein solicit you, for no other respect, but because, I would by all means, that other men should know me by your books before I die; and that w●ile I live, I m●y enjoy the fruit of my glory. If conveniently you can, I should be glad, you would return me an answer. And if you determine, to take in hand this tasks, I will make an abstract, of mine own proceedings. But if you put me off till another time, I will not do it, but reserve myself, while I speak with you thereof. Prosecute in the mean while, the history you have begun, and persever in loving me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Lucius Lucceius, son to Quintus. Epist. 13.  
THough the comfort, which your letters bring me, is most acceptable, because it demonstrates, sincere love, joined with singular prudence: nevertheless I reaped thereby, a far greater benefit, having discerned with what fortitude you contemn humane things; how well you are armed; and furnished, against the cruel assaults of Fortune. And questionless, he may be reputed wiser than all others, who is not governed; but governs Fortune; trusting only in himself, and of himself only depending. This opinion I was ever of; and though it were well settled, and engraven in my mind: notwithstanding the violence of unhappy times, and the perpetual shake of adversity, have somewhat displa'ct it, & made it almost to be forgotten. But now by your last letters, I see you have replanted it; and likewise, more by those, which to such a purpose you did write unto me, not long before. And therefore it is needful that I speak not once alone, but often, and much● and that I assure you, that there is no jewel so precious, which I hold not base, in respect of your letters. And though those reasons, which with an artificial form, and in great abundance you have collected, are of a wonderful power to comfort; yet nothing hath more comforted me, than the constancy, and gravity of your mind; the which in these your letters, I have perceived as in a looking glass: and so much I prise it, as I am ashamed, I do not imitate the same. I tell you more, that I hold myself more resolute than you, who talks so much to me of fortitude. For you seem to have some hope of better fortune, in that by diverse reasons you seek to intimate unto me, that we should not esteem the Commonwealth so weakened, but that she may rise again; as we see, that one Fencer overthrown by another, oftentimes recovers; therefore no marvel, though you be resolute, relying upon some hopes: but yet I wonder, how you should have any hope remaining. Tell me? What do you see, which is not altogether wasted, and consumed? Consider all the members of the Commonwealth, which are well known unto you. Surely you cannot find one which is not battered and broken: which things I would rehearse yet further, if I knew them better than you; or if I could relate them without grief: although according to the precepts you set down, we should wholly drive away, and banish all grief. Whereupon I will support private discommodities, as you judge them; and common, with greater fortitude than yourself, who exhorts me to suffer them. For, you are eased by some hope, as you write; bu● mine is the greater constancy, being supported by no hope at all And as you friendly advice and put me in mind, I will comfort myself, with thinking how much I ever loved the Commonwealth, and by reducing those times to memory, In which I together with yourself, so greatly assisted her; I having done fo● my countri●, no less questionless, than what I ought to do: certainly more, than was expected from any man's counsel, or courage whatsoever. Pardon me, if a little I commend myself. For, speaking of those things, on which for the ease of my mind you wish me to meditate, my grief is made much lesser. And to observe you, so fa●re as I am able, I will wind myself from cares and passions, and I will return to the study of the Sciences; which in flourishing Fortune are an ornament, and in misery a comfort; and I will remain with you, so long as either of our ages, or health shall permit me: and if we cannot be together as we would, yet the similitude of our studies, will make us such a connexion of mind, that we shall never seem to be wholly separated. Farewell.   

Lucius Lucceius, son of Quintus, to Cicero. Epist. 14.  
IF you be in health, I am glad. I remain as I was wont, and also somewhat worse then usually. I have many times enquired of you, desirous to see you; and I wondered as still I do, how you can be so long out of Rome. I know not undoubtedly the cause, that detains you so far from us. If you love solitariness, for the better commodity of writing, as you were wont to do; I am glad, and reprehend not your course; knowing that there can be no greater delight; not only in these miserable, and unhappy; but also in peaceable, and quiet times; and especially to your mind: which being now weary, affects repose, after so many agitations: and being replenished with Science, sends abroad daily, some goodly fruit, which pleaseth others, and augments your own glory. But if you have given over yourself in prey, as when you were here, to sorrow and tears: I am sorry for your grief, and for your affliction. And if you'll give me leave to tell you my opinion, I cannot but reprehend you. Alas! what means this? will you alone, not discern, manifest, and apparent things, who with the pregnancy of your wit, can discover the most hidden? will not you understand, that continual lamentation helps nothing? will not you remember, that calamities are rather redoubled, which your wisdom would have you to expel out of your mind? But if by way of exhortation I can work nothing with you, I request you by the love you bear me, to free yourself from these molestations, and return to live with us, and to our common studies, or else to your own, for you study more than others. I am distracted with two contrary things: I would not be burdensome to you, wi●h these my admonishments: and I would persuade you to give over, the resolution you have undertaken. I beseech you, either in the one to follow my directions, or in the other not to trouble yourself. Farewell.   

Cicero to Lucius Lucceius, son to Quintus. Epist. 15.  
THE absolute love you bear me, appears in every part of the letters which I last received from you. Of which love though I was most assured before now; yet this demonstration was beyond measure acceptable to me; I would say pleasing, but that I think I have lost this word for ever: and not for the occasion you imagine, and in which, using most sweet and friendly words, in effect, you grievously reprehend me; but because for that deep wound I cannot find that cure, which may heal it. Alas! I pray tell me? can I run unto my Friends? Where are they? you know of whom I speak; for we have found them common to us both. Others, you know are dead; and others obdurate in their will, never to come to Rome, live in a remote country. I could willingly live with you, and exceedingly desire it: and, 'tis long since we knew, and loved one another. Our familiarity is great: our studies alike: what band, or obligation is wanting to unite us? may we then live together? for my part, I know no impediment; but hitherto, we have not so done, though we be neighbours about Tusculanum, and Puteoli: what should I say in Rome? Where the Forum being common, neighbourhood little importeth. But our age, I know not through what wicked accident, is light upon times of such disposition, that when we should taste of all contentment, we are ashamed even to live. For what refuge had I left, being stripped of all public, and private good, together with all comfort? only books: wherein, because I can do nothing else, I exercise my sel●e continually: but 'tis a great matter, that they also deny me their help, and me thinks they exclude, me out of the Port of repose, and they reprehend me bitterlie● because I still remain in this life. Which is no other than these present miseries, greater than ever were any. And do you wonder then, that I live remote from that City, where I find no contentment from mine own house? and where it is necessary to bear a great hatred to the times, to men, to public places; of meeting, and to the Senate? Whereupon I entertain myself with r●ading, and spend therein all my time; not to find any medicine, that might absolutely cure me; but to beguile only that grief, which lies heavy upon me. And if we had had this advertisement, as we had it not● through the continual fears, that held us in suspense: We had been always together; neither should your unhealthfulnesse grieve me, nor should my heart sorrow offend you. And therefore let's use all the means we can, to live together; seeing we cannot devose any course, that will sort better with us. Within these few days therefore, I will see you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Ti●iu●. Epist. 16.  
THough no man is less able to comfort you, than myself; hau●ng ●aken your troubles so to hart, that I myself need consolation. Nevertheless my grief being not altogether so implacable as yours: and seeing you in so terrible an agony: I thought it an office correspondent to our amity, and to the love I bear yo●, no longer to defer writing to you, but to administer you some physic, which may at least diminish your grief, though not absolutely cu●e it. And that consolation is ordinary, and well known to every one, of which we ought continually to reason, and debate: that we bear in mind, that we are men borne under this law, that our life must lie open to all the blows of Fortune. To which Law, we must not seek to oppose ourselves, in refusing that condition of life, wherein we were borne; rather with patience support those accidents, which humane wisdom cannot prevent: comforting ourselves in calling to mind, that nothing happens to us, that hath not befallen many others. And though this may yield thee comfort, yet I'll propound a thing to thee, that shall be of greater force, than this or any other consolations, which have been ever practised, or written by the wise●t m●n. I say therefore that considering the miserable estate of our city, and the wickedness of these times, you will perceive, that they are truly happy, who have had no children: and th●y less unhappy, who have now lost them, then if they had lost them, when the Commonwealth flourished. It's true, that if thy great loss grieveth thee, in respect of the damage received; I see no course to divert absolutely your grief. But if natural affection move thee, to lament their miseries, that are dead: not to allege now, what I have often read, and heard upon this argument: that there is no evil in death, after which if the soul liveth, it may ra●her be termed an immortality than a death: and if it die together with the body, we must not suppose that there is any misery, because no sense: leaving I say, this part aside, I will only intimate unto you one reason, which is very true: That such a danger is approaching to the Commonwealth, that every man should be glad to avoid with death. For what receptacle, shall honesty, bounty, virtue, laudable customs, good Arts, and finally liberty itself, and safety, now find? Questionless there is never a young man or child, of whose death I have heard, in this, of all others, most cruel, and pestiferous year, which seems not to me by the gift of the eternal Gods, to have been released from these miseries, and from this so bad a condition of life? So that if I could beat into your mind this opinion; that they whom you have lost met with no evil, it would in a great part diminish your afflictions. For so you should come to retain only that grief, which you feel not for their death, but for your own loss. And surely it befits not the gravity, and wisdom, which since your childhood, you have always manifested, to despair for the loss of them, that feel nothing. Remember how you have lived hitherto, with so great moderation of mind, as it is necessary for you to persevere in the same constancy. And by wisdom and discourse, we must anticipate that in ourselves, that at length time will bring us: which by the remedy of years, healeth every green wound. For if there were never so base a woman, which in the loss of children, did not at last cease lamenting: surely we are bound to draw that from our prudence, which continuance of days will bring us; and not to expect the medicine of time, which reason first propounds unto us. If these letters take effect, I shall think that I have obtained my greatest desire: If they work nothing at all, yet shall I judge, that I have done the office, of that friend, which I have ever been, and promise during life to be unto you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Sextius. Epist. 17.  
I Wrote not heretofore unto you, not because I was forgetful of our amity, or to break off my usual custom: but because for a time I, together with the Commonwealth, found myself oppressed with a grievous ruin; and beside, your hard, and lamentable accident, so afflicted me, as it ministered occasion to me, of not writing to you. But now, supposing, that I had too long neglected this office; and the memory of worth, & greatness of mind, wherewith I know you to be endowed, urging me thereunto: I thought good to break of silence, with a firm opinion, that I shall commit no error. You know, Publius S●xtius, that when you were accused, being far off from Rom●, I defended you: and afterwards, the same peril hanging over your person, as did over Milo, I neglected no endeavour for your safety: and last of all, so soon as I was returned, notwithstanding your caus●, was carried otherwise, than I would have advised, if I had been present; yet I failed not in affording you any help, that lay in my power. In which time, not only your enemy, but some o●hers which pretended to be your friends, taking opportunity of the dearth, sought to disgrace you with the people: and so f●rre they wrought, that joining thereunto, the partiality of judges, and the iniquity of many others, they were of power sufficient, to suppress the truth, and your just cause. Afterwards, upon any occurrents whatsoever, I n●uer was wanting to your son Publius, neither in endeavour, counsel, labour, or in favour, or testimony. Wherefore having diligently, and religiously observed all the offices of friendship, I would not likewise omit, to exhort, and entreat you, that you will remember, that you are a man, and a man of valour: which is; that you will prudently support, this common, and doubtful accident: common, because none of us can avoid it; doubtful, because no man knows, whether it will be of little, or long continuance. Defend yourself bravely from grief, and oppose Fortune; revolving in your mind, that both in our City, and in other Commonwealths, many valiant, and innocent men, have been unjustly sent into banishment. Let me also tell you this: and would to God, I might not speak true; That you are deprived of such a Country, which can procure no contentment to a wise man. Concerning your son, if I should write nothing, I fear that I might seem ingrateful towards his virtue: but if I should tell you, all that I judge of him, I fear I shall renew in you that desire, and grief, which you were wont to feel for the privation of so worthy a son. But nevertheless you shall do exceeding wisely, to think, that his love, his valour, and his industry remain always with yourself: those things being no less our own, that we embrace with our mind, than the same, that we behold with our eyes. His high valour therefore, and the inexplicable love he bears you, aught to give you great consolation. And you ought to receive no small comfort, considering that we and many others, so much esteem you, for the rare qualities of your mind: & that this adverse Fortune abates no whit, of our love to you; or of our judgement concerning you. Whereunto you may add another reason; that as you have not deserved this exile; so you should not much grieve therefore. For, wise men, when they are privy to their innocenty, are never disturbed for any accident, that can happen to them. ay, for the memory I retain of our ancient friendship, and for the virtue which shineth in your son, and for the observance he shows me, will be most ready to yield you help, and comfort. If it happen that you write to me of any thing, I will so handle the matter, that you shall perceive, your writing was not frivolous. Farewell.   

Cicero to Titus Fabius. Ep. 18.  
THough I my s●lfe, who desire to comfort you, want another man's comfort; nothing for many years having so much pierced my heart, as now your trouble doth: notwithstanding I do not only exhort, but for our amity entreat you, that you will strengthen yourself against disasters● carrying in mind, with what conditions all men are borne, and in what times, we were brought forth. Your own valour hath given you more than Fortune took from you: having obtained that, which seldom strange, or ignoble citizens are wont; and lost that, which Fortune hath taken away from many of greatest nobility. Besides I see, that Tribunals of judgement, and commendable customs of our country will be so altered; that happy is he, that with least grievous pain, is from such a Commonwealth departed. But you having both goods, and children, and us, together with others, conjoined unto you in the nearest of love, being to make ●lection, to live with us, and with all your friends; and of so many judgements there being only one, which is reprehended, as that which by one only, and doubtful sentence, may be thought to be yielded to the power of one: for all these reasons alleged, this hard fortune should not seem grievous to you. My affection towards you, and your children, even as you desire, and as it ought to be, so shall it ever continue. Farewell.   

Cicero to Ruffus. Ep. 19  
I Did ever believe, that you loved me from your heart. But I am every day more confirmed in this belief: and I know that evidently, which sometimes you wrote unto me; that your affection, would appear so much greater to me, than it did in the Provinces by how much the better it may be discerned, that it proceeded from judgement, and not from obligation. Although my opinion is, that you cannot do more than that, which you did in the Province, to demonstrate your love towards me. I received a few days since your letters, which were most acceptable to me; for you writ, that although you expected my coming with great desire, notwithstanding because matters went forward, otherwise, than you supposed, you rejoiced at the course I took. Now, I have received these other, which gave me exceeding contentment, because I understand, you are of the same opinion, that all good and valiant men ought to be of; that nothing is profitable, but that which is honest and just. And besides th●s; In that you promise to follow me, wh●ther so ever I go, which is the most acceptable thing you can do for me, and (if I be not deceived) most honourable for yourself. Till now, I never acquainted you, with my intention by writing; not because I would conceal myself from you, but in that communicating my advice unto you, it was but a putting you in mind of the office of that good Citizen, whereof you make profession; and an inviting you, to run both my peril, and fortune. But considering that I see, with how much love, and courtesy you offer yourself unto me: I willingly accept of your good mind; but without any binding you, to keep promise with me. If you do what you make show of; I shall remain greatly bound to you therefore: If you do not, I will excuse you. And of these two elections, I suppose, that the first hath pleased you for my sake, and th'other for fear. For now, we truly debate of a most important matter. That which is honest, is plainly discerned. That, that is profitable is hidden from us. Yet if we be the men we should be; that is, worthy of our studies, and of our profession; we need not doubt, but 'tis better to choose, that which is honest, then that, that is profitable. And if you be of this opinion, come to me presently. But if you think, you cannot presently come thither, whither honesty calls us: I will advertise you in what soever is requisite, and in conclusion, I say unto you, that what course soever you take, I will be your friend; but if you be the man I desire, your best friend. Farewell.   

Cicero to Rufus. Ep. 20.  
Howsoever it had stood with me, I would have met you, if you had come whither you appointed: Wherefore, though you remained behind, because you would not put me to any inconvenience: notwithstanding I assure you, that, had you sent for me, I would not have respected mine own commodity, to give you satisfaction. To the other parts of your letters, I could more absolutely answer, if Mar●us Tullius, my Notary were here● who I am sure about casting up the accounts, (for the rest I know not what to say) hath done nothing with any end, to do you therein prejudice, or dishonour. And though the ancient order, and custom were observed at this day: Yet be assured, that in respect of our friendship, I would never have given up the accounts without first comparing them, with yourself. But it being requisite, by Caesar's Law, to leave a copy of them in the Province, and to carry afterwards the original to Rome: I have done the same in the Province, which I would have done at Rome also, if the former custom had continued. Wherein I was so confident in you, that I would not be the man, that would be with you, at the drawing of the accounts: but left the charge thereof to my Notary, appointing him expressly, that he should frame every thing to your mind. I neither do nor ever will repent me, of having that confidence in you, which I made show of: but me thinks it's strange, that you entered into a jealousy of my Notary; you having likewise left order, that your brother Marcus Mi●dius should peruse the accounts, which were made in my absence's; neither had I any other hand in them, but that after they were finished, I read them; your brother having formerly both ●eene, and approved them. If this were honour: I could no● more honour you: If it were confidence: I was more confident in you, than almost in myself. If it were requisite in such a business to have regard to your benefit, and praise, as it was fit to have: I had no man more apt, nor discreet for such a business than my Notary's And though I have left in Apamea, and La●dicea, a copy of the accounts; it was for no other end, but to observe the Law, which commands, that they should be left in two Cities within the Province. Whereupon to this part, I answer, that though I had many just occasions, for which I could not use any delay, in giving up my accounts in Rom●: Nevertheless, I would have stayed for you, had I not thought they could not have been reexamined after they were registered in the Province. And as for Volusius, I am informed by understanding men, and especially by Caius Camillus my very good friend, and most expert in such affairs; that we could not change the course set down, nor transfer Valerius debt, upon the person of Volusius; because they that stood bound for Valerius, had been neither more nor le●●e obliged to payment. And the principal debt, was no● as you write, 900. crowns but 570. For, about the some which came short of 900, we had received no assignations, in the name of Valerius. But certainly you seem to repute me, both discourteous, and negligent; yea, (but I respect it not) and very indiscreet. Discourteous, in that you imagine a Legate, and an officer of mine, were discharged, not for mine own, but for my Notary's benefit; especially, when they were not to be bound, to this inconvenience. Negligent; you supposing, that I never sought to be acquainted with a matter, which did import my office so nearly, as it might prove prejudicial to me: and that my Notary, had set down that, which he thought good, without speaking one word to me: alleging, that if I had thought thereon, I would have proceeded more circumspectly. And I say unto you, that I thought sufficiently of it, and I minded to have eased Volusius, of so weighty a somme. And on the other side, I have ●ound out a way, that Titus Marius, and others, which put in their security for Valerius, should not be in any danger to pay it: taking such a course therein, that no man found himself grieved, nay, all in general highly commended me for it. And I must tell you more: My Notary only, took it not well. But I thought it the part of an honest man, having reserved to the people, what was belonging to them, to prevent the particular loss of so many good friends, and Citizens. As for the moneys raised out of the Province, you know, that by the advice of ●neius Pompeius, they were laid up in the Lycaeum. And I as a thing done by mine own Order consented thereunto. Pompeius afterwards sent, and took them away, ●uen as Sextus took yours, which you laid up: But this imports not you. I may well grieve, that I had not the foresight to make a note; by which it might have appeared, that you left those sums there, with my approbation: but that there are extant, the Senate's decree, and both our letters. From hence it is manifest, that those moneys were delivered to Publius Sextius: & I, seeing the matter so clear, as no error could ensue● I took no great care to make such a note: but now I wish, for your satisfaction, that I had made it. I am of your opinion, about giving in of the accounts, which you are to make: Neither in this, shall your, and my accounts differ any thing: For you shall add, that there you left those sums by my Order; which I never put in. Neither have I any reason to deny you this favour: and though I had, yet to pleasure you, I would not deny it. As for the account of 2700 crowns, you cannot complain; for it was set down as you pleased, or ●o speak more truly, as it pleased your brother. I would willingly amend, if I could that which I left undone, in giving up my accounts. But I must be circumspect, that herein I commit no error, the term set down by the Senate being past. But surely, you have no reason to be so angry, for I could not otherwise behave myself: although in this, I refer me to their judgements, that understand it better than I do. This I assure you, that I'll fail you in nothing, not only wherein I see you deeply interested, but wherein soever I may do you a pleasure. As for ●hose that have done good service to the Commonwealth; know, that I have given no testimony, except it be of the Tribunes, of the Soldiers, of the Prefects, and my domestics; wherein I erred, supposing, that I might at my pleasure, have presented their names: but afterwards I was advertised, how 'twas necessary, to present them within thirty days, after the giving in of the accounts. Out of doubt, I am very sorry, that I left not this care to you, seeing you are so ambitious of it. For of my part, there is no ambition at all. But there remain the Centurion's names, to be presented, and the Comrades of ●he military Tribunes: For, in these, the Law ties me not to a prefixed time. Now it resteth, that I return you answer, about the three thousand crowns, whereof I remember you wrote unto me from Myrina, objecting to me an error, which grew by your fault, and not mine. For, i● any deserve reprehension; It is your brother M●ndiu●, and Tully my Notary, that should be reprehended. But that error being now past recalling; (For, the moneys being disposed of, I was departed out of the Province;) I do certainly think, that according to the inclination of my mind, and according to the hope of moneys, which I then had, I wrote back unto you, as friendly as I could But me thinks, it is not reasonable, that I should be bound to yield that unto you now, by way of obligation, which then in courtesy I propounded. Neither, though you write unto me, of the said three thousand Ducat●s, did I receive your letter wi●h that discontentment, as Debtors in these times receive letters, from their Creditors. You must withal consider, that in Eph●sus, I having le●t in the hands of the Toll-Masters, three●score six thousand C●ownes, which I had lawfully gotten in my Province, Pompey took it all. Whereof, whether I complain, or not, questionless, your loss being only three thousand Crowns, you may endure it with the greater patience; imagining with yourself, that the Senate allowed you not so great provisions, as indeed it gave you; or, that myself gave you not so much, as I did. For, if you lent me those three thousand Crowns, yet I am so confident in your good nature, and in the love you bear me, that you would not now force me to sell something of mine own, to have them again: for otherwise, I have no means to restore you them. But all that I have written, esteem it to be written by way of merriment: And the like do I, by that you have written to me. Although, when Tullius returns out of the Country, I will not forget to send him to you, if you think it be requisite. I desire in any wise, that you would rend this letter. Farewell.   

Cicero to Lucius Messinius. Epist. 21.  
I Have read your letters with contentment, by which I understood, that you greatly desire to see me: Which I imagined, though you had not written it. Neither is my desire in this, inferior to your own. And so let my thoughts obtain their wished ends, as I heartily desire to be with you. For, when our Country did more abound, than now it doth, with men of valour, and true Citizens, and the number of my friends was greater; yet was there none, with whom I was more willing to converse, then with yourself, and but few, with whom so willingly; but now, some being dead, other some in remote Countries, and others not bearing that mind towards me, they were wont to do; I should verily think one day better spent with you, than all the time I consume with many of those, with whom I converse out of necessity. And I assure you, that solitariness would be much more acceptable to me, (which, notwithstanding, is not granted me) than their entertainments, that daily frequent my house; except it be of one, or two, at the most. Therefore I retire myself, as I would wish you also, to our pleasing studies: and withal, I comfort myself with the memorial of my intentions, thinking to myself, that I never had respect, (as I suppose you conceive) to private benefit, but to public safety. And if he, whom you could never love, because you loved me, had not borne me envy; he, and with him all other good men, had been happy. I would never consent, that the violence of any particular man should be so powerful, as to suppress common liberty. And after I saw those arms, which I ever feared would be able to do more, than the consent of good Citizens, who, according to my directions, and examples, undertook to defend the Commonwealth: I was of opinion, that discords were rather to be compounded, though upon unequal terms, so it we●e with security, then to fight against those, who were stronger than ourselves. But shortly we'll confer, both of this, and many other things. And I remain now in Rome, for no other end, but before my departure, to know the success of the war, that is now on foot in Africa. For, I am of constant belief, that we shall shortly see an end thereof. And I am of opinion, it imports me, I know not what, to delay my departure: that I may join with my friends, to take some course, according to the news, we shall receive. Although I cannot tell you, what it is, that should so import me; matters being grown to that pass, as overcome who will, the victory will be the same, though equity, stand more with the one, than the other part. And yet notwithstanding, now, that I am out of all hope, I bear a more contented ●inde, then when we were betwixt hope, and fear. And your last letters but one, increased my confidence: In that by them I understood, that to support injuries, your singular humanity, much encouraged you, and much also your learning. I'll not be sparing to tell you the truth: At first, I took you to be rather of a so●t disposition, than otherwise; as for the most part, all we are, to whom the chain of servitude seems too heavy; being enured to live nobly, in a happy and free City. But as in good fortune, we bore ourselves moderately, so ought we to resist this constantly, which is the worst that could have happened: That among so many evils, we may enjoy this little benefit; that whereas in happy times; it was our duty to contemn death, in which is felt no misery; now, being plunged in so many tribulations, we ought not so much to contemn, as to desire it. I request you, for the love's sake, that you bear me, to embrace this quiet: and firmly to believe, that besides offence, and sin, from which you have been hitherto, and ever will be exempted, there can nothing light upon a man, how terrible soever, which should dismay him. I will presently come to you, if I see there be any occasion. And if it be requisite, to change resolution, I will forthwith advertise you. But I beseech you, being so crazy, hazard not to travel, out of a desire to see me, before you have my advice therein. Let me request you, to love me still, as you do; and to regard your health, alacrity, and contentment. Farewell.    

THE sixth BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 1.  
THough there be such a confusion of all things, that every one is discontented with his fortunes, and that there's no man, that would not rather be any where, then where he is: nevertheless, I make no doubt, but that in these times, it grieves every honest man, rather to be in Rome, than any where else. For, though there is great affliction felt in all places, for the great loss, both public and particular, nevertheless, the eyes increase grief, when they are constrained to behold that, which others hear; neither do they ever suffer us to remove our thoughts from miseries. Whereupon, though of necessity, seeing your ●elfe deprived of many things, you must needs be affected with great grief: yet free your mind, from being gr●eu'd, because you are not at Rome; the which, as I hear, vexeth and troubleth you. For, though it may touch you nearly, that you are separated from your friends, and your own fortunes; yet they st●nd in their usual state, nor would they be greatly bettered, by your being present. Neither should you, when you remember your friends, desire a particular fortune, or re●use that which is common. And, whensoever it happens, o Torquatus, that you truly consider with yourself; you shall not need to yield, either to desperation, or fear. For C●sar, who hitherto, hath been more unjust to you, than your dignity required, hath given evident testimony, that he wishes you no more ill And think not, though he be greater than we, that he is any whit more ●ecure; the end of all wars being doubtful. For the one victory I cannot perceive, that you are in any such danger, that is not as well every man's ruin as yours. And for the other, I know you no ways stand in fear. It remains that the general peril of the Commonwealth, must needs pierce your heart; the which I turn to a kind of consolation. And though learned men, prescribe many medicines, for this so grown a disease; yet I fear, there is no other true comfort to be found, then that, which is applied from the fortitude of a man's mind. For if to live well, and happily, it sufficeth that a man have a clear conscience, and do all things conformable to justice: I think we cannot properly term him unhappy, who is privy to his own heart, that his secretest thoughts had never other object, than honesty. For I cannot imagine, that we left our country, our children, and our fortunes, for any hope of reward: but therein we thought that we discharged a certain just, pious, and requisite office, for the Commonwealth, and to our own honour; not being so foolish, that we should repute victory certain. Whereupon if the same ensued, which formerly we supposed might happen, when we did enter into the enterprise: we must not abandon ourselves, as if something had happened, we thought would never have come to pass. Let us therefore believe (as in truth we may) that those things are never blamed in us, which proceed from Fortune, and not from ourselves: and being exempted from this blame, we ought patiently to undergo those disasters, unto which, the life of man, is subject. Out of which reasons I conclude, that there is no man so sunk in misery, but that virtue is of power, to preserve him. But let the lot fall to whom it will, of every side you have hopes, if any hope remain to public affairs. And here I remember, how you were wont, to reprehend my despair; and to encourage me to that war, whereunto you saw me going against my will. At which time I never condemned our reasons, but our course. For I saw, that we too late opposed those arms, which had been much strengthened by ourselves. Wherefore I gave counsel, that such a war was to be avoided, wherein force prevailed above counsel; and violence, above reason. And when I said, that, that would ensue which did; I presaged not what would come to pass: but only feared lea●t those miseries should happen, which I saw were likely to fall out: especially, that if I should have given my censure of one, of two ends, I would surely have promised that, which was most certain. For we were superior in those things, which are not used in fight; but inferior in the experience of arms, and resolution of soldiers. Now, assume you, I pray ye, that courage, which then you thought I was to take. All the forementioned I have written, because your Philargyrus discoursing before with me, and moved as I think, out of loyal affection, he told me, how sometimes you would be transported with grief, which you should by all means bridle: being assured, that if the Common wealth return to her former estate, you may certainly hope, that you shall live as honourably in the same, as any way is convenient: and if she remain desolate and oppressed, you shall have no worse conditions therein then the rest. And this time, wherein we all continue doubtful, and daunted, aught hereupon to seem unto you less grievous, because you are in that City, where virtue grew, and was borne; which teacheth us, how to dispose, and order our lives. Then have you Servilius Sulpitius, whom you always loved dear, whose loving and sage exhortations, you cannot want: and if we had followed his authority and counsel, we should never have lost with arms in hand; but we should willingly have yielded, without coming to them. I have spoken too much, where peradventure ' 'ttwas not requisite; that which most of all imports, I will tell you briefly. There is no man, to whom I am more bound then to you. The ruin of this war hath deprived me of those friends, to whom I was deeply obliged, as you can testify. I know that at this instant, I bear no sway. But because no man is so afflicted by misfortune's, but that he may, if he will be only attentive to one thing, work some effect: I assure you, I will employ for you and your children, my council, endeavour, and affection of heart, wherein I will neue● be wanting unto you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 2.  
IF I write seldomer to you, than I was want, 'tis not because I am forgetful of you, but only in that for the most part, I feel myself unhealthful; though at this instant, I am reasonable well; and in that I am not in Rom●, where I may understand, whither any go thither or not: whereupon be assured, that I keep you in memory, and love you better than ●uer I did; and I have no less care of yours, then of mine own occasions. If your matters hitherto, have not obtained that good issue, which men wished and expected, undoubtedly, you have no reason, to grieve much thereat, considering the wicked condi●ion of th●se present times. For one of these two things must needs happen; either that the Commonwealth shall always be troubled with arms; & ●hat having l●id down arms, s●e may once again recover breath● or else ●●●t s●e must absolutely perish. If arme●●r●uaile, you need not fear●, either ●hose that ●ake you to favour, or others whom you have assisted. If arms be laid aside by accord, or given over by weariness, or shall be violently by the victors, taken out of the hand of the vāquish'●; in which of these kinds soever the City do respire; you shall return to ●our place, and withal you shall enjoy your Fortunes: But if every thing come to ruin, and such an end happen, as Marcus Antonius, a very wise man feared ever since that time, that he foresaw the future discords; miserable, and most unhappy doubtless is the consolation, which I mean to give you in this case● especially to such a man, and such a citizen, and nevertheless very necessary: that no man must grieve for that which all others endure. What virtue may be in these few words (for I will not, ●or some respect, speak any further) if you shall but consider, as questionless you do: you may, without my lett●rs conceive, that these turbulent seasons, may once clear up again: but, in what state soever the Commonwealth stand, you need not be afraid: and if she be absolutely defaced, in that you would not survive her, though you might, it is but reason, that with all patience, we should comport such an accident; especially being innocent therein. But no more at this present. I should be very glad, if you would write unto me, what you do, and where you will be: to the end I may know whither to write, and whither to come. Farewell.   

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 3.  
IN the last letters, I was somewhat long, not that there was any need, but to testify the love, which I bear you. For your valour is so solid of itself, that no exhortation is necessary to sustain it: neither am I in a state, to comfort another, being deprived of all consolation. Wherefore at this present, I must be brief: for if then it was not requisite to write at large; much less is it now: And if it were then necessary; let that which I have written suffice; the rather because nothing new hath since occurred. For though we have news every day, the which peradventure you hear also: yet all sort to that end, which I discern as well by my understanding, as the things that we behold with our eyes. And yet I see nothing, the which I know not undoubtedly that you likewise observe. For though no man can presage, the event of the battle: yet me thinks I see it: and if I see it not, nevertheless, in that of necessity one or other must vanquish, I conceive what victory will come to, as well in the one, as the other. And let fortune bend to which side she will, I perceive such a scourge thereon depending, that a man ought almost to seek death to avoid it, with which some suppose to daunt us. For a life deprived of Honour is no life: and death though it bring an end to a happy life, was never by wisemen reputed a misery. But you are in that City, where the walls themselves, can tell you these things, and that more abundantly, and with greater eloquence● I assure you, though other men's miseries are but of small consolation, that you are in no greater danger, than any of those whosoever, which either forsook the war, or of others tha● renewed it: These fight, and those stand doubtful, who shall remain victor: But this consolation is of no great moment; behold an other far far greater; the which I hope you will apply to yourself; even as I also do. Nothing while I l●ue can affflict me, being innocent o● all offence: and if I live not, how can I feel any grief? But I call to mind, that I return anew, (as they say) ●o bring owls to Athens. I have, and ever will have, the greatest care I can, of you, of yours, and your interests. Farewell.   

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 4.  
THere is no news at all; and if there were, I know your Friends certify you thereof: but of the future though it be hard to speak: nevertheless a man may by imagination sometimes come near it, when the matter is such, that a man may forecast the issue. At this time it seems only probable, that the war will not long continue: though some are of contrary opinion. I think that by this time some effect hath ensued: not that I know it certainly, but because we may easily conceive as much. First, every man may expect the victory; and of all battles, the end is ambiguous. Then, the Army both of one and other side is so great, and so resolved to fight, as it is no great wonder though either of them vanquish. That opinion is every day confirmed, that although the occasions of the war be different, yet between their victories there will be no great difference. One side we know, by experience: on the other part, if Caesar vanquish, there is no man who doth not forecast, how great fear the●e is like to be; both because it is provoked, and in that it will have arms in hand. And in relating this to you, if you think that I augment your grief, whereas I should mitigate it with some consolation: I confess, that I find no comfort in the common calamities, besides one; the which if you could embrace, were very great, and such as I every day make use of: and this it is. That a man, when he hath wrought all the good he is able, ●ought not to be disturbed for any contrariety, that may happen, not having deserved it. Therefore, we having always advised ●or the benefit of the Commonwealth, and being rather the blame of Fortune, then of our counsels, that things have succeeded ill: and in a word; for so much as did belong unto us, we having never been deficient; we ought to endure that patiently which hath happened. But yet I will not be persuaded, that I am able to comfort you, in these common miseries, wherein a greater wit than mine is required to give it; and singular virtue, to support it. Nevertheless, every one may easily show you, how in particular, you have no occasion to complain. For although Caesar hath been more slack in releasing you from trouble, than we supposed: yet I know he carries a good affection to you. For concerning others, I do ●ot believe you expect my opinion. It remains, that you grieve, because for so long time, you are f●r from your friends. This is certainly a great discontent: you being separated from the sweetest, and most pleasing children in the world. But as before I wrote unto you, it is now a time, when every man esteems his estate very unhappy, & rather desires to be in any other place, then where he is. I ●or my part repute myself most unfortunate, for being in Rome; not only because in all evils, it is more terrible to behold, then to hear: but in that being here, I see myself exposed to all those accidents, which may happen on a sudden. Although to myself, who device always to com●ort you, the knowledge of letters, to which I have ever been addicted, hath not afforded so great consolation, as the length of time. You may remember how much I have been grieved. Wherein the first com●ort is, that I saw more than others; when I desired peace, although the conditions were unequal. And though I presume not to have presaged out of my understanding, but in that fortune was pleased to make me prognosticate that which ensued: ye● I am delighted with this vain praise of wisdom. I find another consolation, which is common ●o us both: that if I we●e now summoned to the last period of life, I would not go unwilling: for I would think by death, to bring my afflictions to an end; and I should depart from that Commonwealth, wherein it avails me not to live. Besides this: I am now old: and I think I have spent my years so well, that in one respect, I should die with comfort; and in another, I should not take myself to be injured, though I be forced to pass that period; whether nature herself hath almost conducted m●e. Finally, there hath died in this war such a personage, and so many valiant men have therein left their lives; that if we were constrained to die, me thinks it were indiscretion to r●fuse it. For my part, I propound unto myself, all accidents: and there is no evil so great, which I take not to be near at hand. But yet I fear not; the vexation being greater, which is caused by fear, then is the thing itself which we fear, wherein there is not only, no grief, but we shall find, the last period of sorrow. But I'll go no further: and peradventure I have said more than was requisite. But, not any delight of many words, but mere good will, draws my letters out too long. It displeased me that Servius went from Athens; who because he was your familiar friend, and one replenished with bounty, and wisdom, should I know, have ever been near about you, and have given you great comfort. My desire is, that as you ought, and your custom is, you would rely on your firm resolution. I will with all diligence, and care procure that, which I shall think to be beneficial for you, and what may profitably concern, either yourself, or yours. In doing whereof, I shall imitate your love towards me: but never arrive to [your] deserts. Farewell.   

Cicero to Aulus Caecin●. Epist. 5.  
Whensoever I see your son (and I see him every day) I offer, and promise him, my endeavour, and diligence; without exception, either of labour, employment, or time: but my authority, and favour; with this exception: wherein I am able, or in what I can. Your book I have, and do read, and keep most diligently. your goods, and state, cannot sit nearer my heart than they do: and every day I conceive more hope, seeing many to labour faithfully therein: as I know certainly your son writes unto you: who hath himself also the same hope. But for these things, which may be foreseen by understanding, I presume not to discern further, than I persuade myself, that yo● see, and conceive. Yet nevertheless, because it may be, that being dazzled with grief, you may not so clearly discern, I thought good to write unto you my opinion. The nature of things present, and the course of times is such, that this fortune cannot long stand with you, or with others: nei●her in a cause so just, and upon so good Citizens so cruel an injury continue. To that hope therefore, which in particular I have of yourself, not only for your valour, and dignity; (for these ornaments are in many others) whereunto are added your own proper qualities, that is, an ●leuated wit, and singular virtue: Whereof Caesar, makes an high esteem: And you could not have stayed long in this fortune, if he had not thought himself offended, by those worthy parts, for which you are to him most dear. But the provocation of his mind, is every day mitigated, and groweth more calm. And I understand from them, that converse hourly with him, that the opinion of your wit, will commend you greatly to his favour. First of all therefore, see, that you be of an high, and resolute spirit; For you were borne of such a father, bred; and instructed after such a sort, as 'tis requisite for you to do it. And then be of constant hop●s, for the reasons above mentioned. And live assured, that you shall command me upon any of your own, or your children's occasions: even as our ancient friendship, and my usual custom towards friends, and the many benefits that I have received from you requires. Farewell:   

Cicero to Aulus Caecina. Epist. 6.  
I Know not how you remain satisfied at my hands; in that I have not written unto you, as I stood bound; ●●well by our friendship, and many interchangeable offices; as because we were both of one, and the same Faction. Questionless, both long since, and many times, I would have written to you, but that expecting daily better events, I desired rather to rejoice with you, then comfort you. Even as shortly I hope to do; which will minister me occasion to write again unto you. Now, though I am informed and hope, that you contest with Fortune, out of a resolute mind: yet I'll see, whether with these letters, I can add unto your forces. I know I am not fit to do it: but that Authority which derives from great love, aught to operate very much. Neither will I attempt to comfort you, as one afflicted, and deprived of all hopes of safety: but as a person, of whose safety, I promise myself neither more nor less, than you heretofore were wont to promise yourself of mine. I remember when I was expelled by them, who thought they could not ●uine the Commonwealth, except I; were first suppressed, that many of my friends, who came out of Asia, where you were to see me, told me, how you affirmed, that I should be presently, restored, and with infinite honour. If you, through a certain knowledge of Tuscan discipline, which you had learned from your Father, who was a noble, and honest Gentleman, took not your marks amiss: No more should my prognostication be false, being grounded upon that, which many wise men have written, and I have read, as yourself knows, with exact diligence. Besides the apprehension I may have therein, through my great experience in public affairs, and for that which I have observed in myself; to which kind of prognostication I give so much the greater credit, because in present things, so obscure, and troublesome, it never deceived me. I would speak of those things which I have presaged, but that I will not seem to have now feigned that which is come to pass. Yet many can testify, how in the beginning I advised Pompeius, not to join with Caesar: and afterwards that he should not separate himself from him. perceiving very clearly, that joining with him, the authority of the Senate was much impaired; and being separated, a civil war would grow. I was a great friend to Caesar, and I loved and honoured Pompeius: but a● my counsel was loyal to Pompeius, so both to one, and other it was profitable. Many other things passed, which I foresaw. Because I would not that Caesar, to whom I was much bound, should know, that if Pompeius had observed my directions, he should have been in high state, and honoured of all the Citizens; but yet he should not have had such a power, as now he hath. I persuaded Pompeius to go into Spain. If he had gone thither, the civil war had not ensued. I sought not to obtain, that Caesar being out of Rome, might stand for the Consulship: but when the people (Pompeius the Consul himself, urging it with great importunity) had granted it him: I said 'twas good to satisfy him therein. And discerning that this was the seed of civil discords, with many reasons, I laboured to extinguish it; reprehending them which affected not peace: the which, though it were accompanied with unequal conditions, yet I preferred it before war, which on our behalf was most i●st. Pompeius knew I spoke truth: but there were some so blind, that to enrich themselves, and effect their desires, holding victory secure in that Pompeius was their Captain, they saw not the benefit of my Council. They came to arms: I stirred not: they went out of Italy, I stayed as long as I could. In brief, the care of my honour, wrought more in me, than the fear of life. I would not leave Pompeius, because he had not forsaken me in my necessities: therefore to shun infamy, like that Amphiar●us in the Fables, I exposed myself, to manifest ruin. In which war no adversity fell out, which I had not formerly denounced. Seeing therefore you may perceive the truth of my reasons, you are bound to believe me, as men use to believe Augurs, and Astrologers, when they have once spoken truth. Neither, do I now go after dreams, as the Augurs are wont to do, nor do I mark how the birds fly, nor harken I how they sing, nor mind how they eat: but I observe other signs: which if they be not more certain than those, yet they are more easy to comprehend, and consequently, not so fallible. And my Prognostication is grounded upon two reasons. On the one side I consider Caesar's nature: on the other, that of the civil wars. Caesar is benign and clement, just as he is deciphered in that book, where you complain of him. Besides, he loves noble spirits, such as yours is: and finally, ●e will be overcome, with many men's entreaties: seeing, that they are not moved out of vain ambition, but out of office, and charity. The which all Tuscanie doing, 'tis to be thought, she will be heard. Now, what's the reason, that hitherto, these things have done little good? For he thinks, that granting your return, with whom, it seems, he hath some cause to be angry; he could not afterwards deny it many others. Oh, you'll say, what may I hope for then? if he be angry with me? he conceives, that he may extract his praises from the same fountain, by whose drops, he was formerly made wet, or dashed. Finally, he is a man of great wit, and prudent discourse. He seeth plainly, that he cannot long keep you out of your Country, you being in Tuscanie, which is no base part of I●alie, but amongst others, the most noble: and equal to any in Rome, of the more honourable sort of citizens of your age, for wit, favour, and judgement. He will not that hereafter you should acknowledge this benefit rather from the time, then now from him. I have spoken of Caesar: Now I'll speak of the nature of the civil wars. There is no man such an enemy to that enterprise, which Pomp●ius, with great courage, but small preparations undertook, that can say, that we have either been bad citizens, or bad men. Wherein I am wont to admire the gravity, justice, and wisdom of Caesar: He never speaks but honourably of Pompeius: Oh, but he hath performed against him, many terribly actions. The blame is not Caesar's, but of arms, and of the victory. Do but mark us: how hath he embraced us? He made Cassius his Legate; He hath given the government of Fraun●e to Brutus, and to Sulpicius that of Gracia: he restored Marcellus, against whom, he was wonderfully incensed, with as great honour, as could be wished. What can I therefore infer? Take the world what form it will, the nature of things, and of civil wars, will never permit, but that in one, and the self same cause, all may have the same condition: and that good men, and good citizens, that are innocent, may return into that City, whereinto so many guilty banished men are returned. This is my prognostication: of which if I made any doubt, I would rather use that consolation, with which you being a valiant man, as you are, I might easily suppose to comfort you: That if you had taken up arms, for the Commonwealth, (for so you then thought) with certain hope of victory, you should not have been much to be commended; but had you imagined, it might so come to pass, that we should be vanquished, the end of war being uncertain: it would have been a thing most unbeseeming you, not to have been constant in adverse fortune; as you would have been discreet, and moderate in prosperous. I would discourse yet farther; how much it would refresh you, to call to mind, that your deeds tended to a good end; And how delightful your studies would be unto you in adversities. I could rip up unto you, the fearful accidents, not only of ancient, but also of modern Captains, that have been in this war, with you. For other men's examples, reducing that law to memory, whereunto all men, are constrained to obey, extenuate our grief. Besides this, I would advertise you, in how great an havak and confusion of things we live: in that we should less grieve to be deprived of our country, when it is in ill state, then when it is well: but I would not have you think of this reason. For out of hand, as I hope, nay, rather as I plainly discern, we shall see you, in honour, and safety. In the mean while, although I have at many other times performed this office: nevertheless, because Caesar, and his friends do show me every day better countenance, I more confidently promise you, my pains, my endeavour, my love, and my labour. And be assured, that what authority or favour soever I do obtain, I'll employ it all for your benefit: as formerly I offered to your son, the true image, no l●sse of your mind then of your body, a very well demeaned young man, and exceeding constant in your adversity. Look to maintain yourself, not only with fortitude of mind, but also with hope, which you may have abundantly. Farewell.   

Aulus Caecina to Cicero. Ep. 7.  
I Understand, that my son hath not let my book be seen, doubting (and not without cause) lest he might foolishly err to our prejudice: considering that, the same which was written, with a sincere meaning, may be wrested to a contrary sense. And therefore if you have not had it, ascribe the blame to fear, and to the quality of our state, worthy doubtless of compassion. This my misfortune which st●ll continues, grew by writing: and in this I know myself, more unfortunate than others. For when a writing is uncorrected, by cancelling the error, there is remedy: and when on is a fool, fame gives him due chastisement. But my error is amended by banishment: the sum of which offence is; that being armed I spoke ●ll of my adversary. According to my opinion, there is none of us, which prayed not for victory: and which desired not also, when he sacrificed upon any other cause, that Caesar might be suddenly discomforted: If himself think no● so; he is truly happy: if he know and conceive as much; why is he angry with me, for having written somewhat, that he would not have [to be written], he having pardoned others, who sent up their prayers to the gods for his ruin. But to return to the purpose, the reason you had not the book was this; because I have written of you, but yet sparingly, and with respect; desire spurring me forward, but fear keeping me back: whereas, it were requisite, that he that wrote of such an argument should not only be free from all respects, but be of wit also, and of a valiant, and resolute mind. 'Tis thought there is a freedom to reprehend other men's vices: and yet it must be done with modesty. A man cannot commend himself too much, lest he seem arrogant. It is therefore only lawful to commend another man. And ●f you praise not a man, as much as he deserves, of necessity, you are to be reprehended, either of ignorance, or envy. But I think I did you a pleasure in not commending you so much as you deserved; For when one cannot do a thing sufficiently, 'tis good to g●ue it over, or at least to touch it but slightly. Nevertheless I have used moderation: ●or many things I have extenuated; many I have clean taken away, and many also I have not set down. Even as, therefore, of a Ladder, if you take away some steps, cut off other some, and leave others in ill case, you would make it that no man could ascend thereon: So he that writes any thing with restraint, what contentment can he give the reader? And when I but name Caesar, I feel myself tremble; not for fear of punishment, but of his judgement, because I do not entirely know his nature. How think you, that my mind may stand, when it revolves with itself, reasoning almost after this manner? This word will please h●m: of this o●her, I am doubtful: and if I change it, who knows, whether it may not be worse? Besides this, if I commend one; what know I, whether I ●hall offend him? and if I offend him, will he not take it in anger? I wrote against him during the war: and then he was angry with me● What will he do now, that I am vanquished, and banished? You also augment my fear, who, in your book of the perfect Orator, minding to defend yourself from detractors, you make Brutus your shield, and you seek a companion, to excuse yourself the better. If you, do this, who were wont to assist every one with your high eloquence: What opinion should I conceive of myself, who for so many years, used to have recourse to you, for my defence; and now find myself in case, to be defended of all men? If therefore it happen, that the mind, in this imagination be peradventure transported with any vain fear; and that this blind suspicion torments it; in that a man must not write to satisfy his own judgement, but in such a sort, as he esteems may please others: how difficult it is to do any good thing, if you have not found it by reason, Nature having given you a singular wit, apt for every great enterprise; we now find it. Nevertheless, I enjoined my son, that he should read the book to you, without leaving it in your hands: except you would promise to correct it; that is, wholly to change it. Touching the going into Asia, though great necessity urged me, yet I have followed your advice. About my return, 'tis superfluous to entreat you: you see the time is come, wherein it must be dilated of. It is needles my Cicero, for you to have any regard to my son [herein,] his age, too much affection, and fear, take from him those advertisements, which in that respect, are requisite. 'Tis fit that you take upon you, all this enterprise. I have placed all my hope in you. You absolutely know, out of your wisdom, what things will delight him, and with what, one may reconcile his favour. It is requisite that from you, all things should have their beginning, and all b● finished by your hand. You are of great power about him, and in great respect amongst all his followers. If you'll dispose yourself to believe, that you must not only take upon you the charge imposed, though this were indeed too much; but that the whole burden is yours: you may easily obtain whatsoever is desired. And if this security which I intrude upon you, make me seem either too ●oolish in my misery, or presumptuous in my friendship: let your usual love, and kindness, excuse me both in the one, and other, which ordinarily is so great, that now at length your friends in th●ir occasions, do not hope, but command you. I pray, let not the book my son gives you, be seen, except you first so correct it, that it may not prejudice me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Aulus Caecina. Epist. 8.  
Having understood by Largus, who is your kind Affectionate: how on the Calends of january, your safe conduct was expired: I spoke with Balbus, and Opius, knowing that every thing was well done, which was acted by them in Caesar's absence: and I earnestly entreated, both the one and the other, that they would grant me, that you might remain in Sicilia at your pleasure: who being wont, either to promise me willingly, whensoever I demanded any thing of them, that stood not against their minds; or else to deny me, and tell me the reasons, why they did so: at that instant they gave me no absolute answer: but y●t the self same day, they returned to me, and granted me, that you should continue in Sicilia, as long as you would: for they would so use the matter, that Caesar should be content. Now you have understood what they permit you: I think good to make known to you my opinion. This being done, I received your letters: wherein you consult with me, whether you should stay in Sicilia, or go into Asia, to set in order some businesses of yours. I took not this your intention, to confront with Largus words. He spoke to me in such a sort, as it seemed you might no longer abide in Sicilia: and you write, as if you might continue there. But whether the one or the other be true, my opinion is, that you should not stir from thence. You shall be near to Rome; and having opportunity of often writing, and ●en●ing messengers, you may the better solicit your return. The which, if it may be obtained, after the sam● manner you desire and hope; or else upon any conditions whatsoever; you may forthwith come. Therefore I would not wish you, to depart from thence, in any wise. I will commend you to my friends, Titus Furfanus, Posthumius, and his Legates, when they come, for they were all at Mutina. They are men of great bounty, and much affected to those of your quality, and my very inward acquaintance. Wherein soever I see that I may do you good, I will do my endeavour, without being required thereunto. And what I of myself understand not: if it be told me, I'll exceed any man's labour, or diligence therein, whatsoever. And though I mean to speak so effectually with Furfanus, that letters shall not be very needful: yet some friends of yours thinking good, that I should write a word unto him, for you to deliver: I desired herein to content them. The copy you shall see, here under written. Farewell.   

Cicero to Titus Furfanus vice-consul. Epist. 9  
BEtween me and A●lus Caecina, there hath ever been so great familiarity and friendship, that none can possibly be greater. For his father, a valorous Gentleman, was my especial friend, and himself I always loved from his infancy, because he gave wonderful hopes, of singular bounty and eloquence. And not only through amity, but through a similitude of studies, we conversed so domestically together, that no man was more familiar with me, than he. It is not requisite, that I write further: you see how many occasions lead me, to assist him, in whatsoever my power extends unto. And, because I have seen it manifestly, by diverse signs, that you grieve much, to see good men in these hard fortunes, and the Commonwealth in so miserable an estate. Only I request you, that the same desire you formerly had, to help Cae●ina, may so increase, as that it may equal the love you bear ●●y self. You cannot do me a greater pleasure. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 10.  
AS there is no man better knows, than myself, how much you love me: so am I a testimony to myself, of the love which I bear to you. For, I ever greatly grecued, for the counsel you followed (if it were counsel, and not rather destiny) to persever in a civil war: and now not seeing you so readily, restored into your fo●mer estate, as is convenient: I am therewith no less troubled, than you with my disgraces, were heretofore tormented. Postumulenus, and Sextius, know it: our Atticus knows it; with whom I have many times discoursed thereof at large: and Theudas your Freeman; to whom, not long since, I imparted the inward affection of my mind: and to every one of these, I have said many times; that wherein soever I could, I should be glad to be employed by you, and your children; to whom I would have you write, that they make use of my endeavours, counsel, goods, or person: for all these things being in my power, ●hall never be wanting to them. If in authority and favour, I could prevail so far, as I should prevail in that Commonwealth, of whom I have so well deserved: you should also be the man, you were wont to be; that is, worthy of the high●st place of honour whatsoever; and in your own order, undoubtedly reputed above all others. But because in ●he ●elfe same time, and for the very same occasion every one of us is fallen from high to low estate: I promise you those things, which, before I told you, being as yet mine: and moreover, those, which me thinks I do yet deserve, as relics of my former dignity. Because Caesar himself, as in many things I discern, rather-loveth me then otherwise: and almost all his familiar friends, whom I have heretofore pleasured in matters of importance, obseque, and honour me with all respect. Therefore if I may in any wise, pleasure you in your substance, that is, for your return, on which every thing depends: & every day, by reason of their ●ords, I am in more hope: I w●ll labour, and use therein all diligence, without being requested. It boots not to descend unto particulars. What may be done with singular affection, and great love, that I promise you. But it imports me much, that all your friends should know thus much; to the end they may be assured, that Cicero will never fail Trebatius, in whatsoever he is able; and that they may think, there is nothing so difficult, but that in the effecting it for you, I shall hold myself fortunate. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 11.  
I Would many times have written to you, if I had had matter to write; For, when friends are in such a state, as you now are; one should not write unto them, but to comfort them, and ●o promise aid, and benefit. To offer you comfort, seemed not necessary, understanding by many, how resolutely, and wisely you support the injury of the times; and how much the sincerity of your own operations, and counsels do comfort you. And if you do this, you reap great fruit from virtuous study's; wherewith I know, you were ever delighted: and I earnestly exhort you, so to do. Besides this, though you are abundant in examples, as having turned over all ancient, and modern histories: yet, I having more experience in the affairs of the world, than I would; as I have less in studies, than I desire; upon my credit, I promise you, that the hard state wherein you now stand, & the wrongs done you, will quickly have an end. For first he, who can do what he will, becomes in my judgement every day more reasonable, and descends further into the nature of all things: besides the cause is so just, that it necessarily, together with the Commonwealth, which cannot always languish, will rise up again, and resume vigour: and every day we find, more benignity, and favour than we hoped for. Which things, because they many times depend, upon a very little occasion of the times, we will observe all moments, and by as many means as is offered, seek to help, and further you. Whereupon I hope, it will be more easy every day, about the matter I formerly mentioned, to write unto you, and promise you help. and I will do it more willingly with effects, than words. Be secure, that you will find more-friends, than any banished man hath, or ever had, so far as I discern: and yet you'll be beloved of none, more than of myself. Carry an invincible, and resolved mind, which lies only in your own power. Things that remain in the government of Fortune, shall be swayed by the times, and ruled by our directions. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 12.  
BEfore this time, I only loved Dolae●bella, but was no ways bound unto him; because I never had any occasion to use him; and he stood obliged to me, because in his dangers, I never failed him. Now, having procured you, the restitution, even as I desired; first of your substance, and then also of your country; he hath so interested himself in me, that there is no man, to whom I hold myself more tied then to him. Wherein I rejoice with you after such a manner, as I would not have you thank me, but rather to be joyful with me: your thanking of me being superfluous, and your rejoicing most just. Now, that your virtue and dignity, have opened unto you the way, to return among your friends: like that wise, and magnanimous Gentleman, you are, you must forget what you have lost, and remember what you have recovered. You shall live with your allies: you shall live with your Friends. There is no comparison, betwixt the loss of goods, and the purchase of honour you have made. Neither should your goods be de●re unto yo●, the Commonwealth being in so miserable an estate. Our friend Vestorius writes unto me, that you give me infinite thanks. I take it exceeding well, that you diuulge my benefit, and tha● among the rest our Syro knows it. For those things which I do, I would have them pleasing to all wise men. I desire to see you out of hand. Farewell.   

Cicero to Ampius Balbus. Epist. 13.  
I rejoice with you, my Balbus, and upon just occasion: neither am I so foolish, to feed you with vain hope: lest mocked thereby, you dare hope no more, after better fortune. I pleaded your cause with greater freedom; then my state required. For being inflamed, with honest charity, and moved by that love, which was ever common betwixt us, though my favours were but weak, yet I have compassed the end of our desire. Whatsoever concerns your return, and safety, all hath been promised, confirmed, ratified, and established: I have seen the effect: I have procured it: I have personally interposed myself therein. For all Caesars●riends ●riends converse much with me, and so well they like of my amity, that next to him, they hold none more dear. Wherein I have been careful according to the quality of the times pre●ent. Pa●sa, Hirtius, Balbus, Opius, Matius, and Posthumius, wish me all good. And if I had made this trial for myself, I should have been well contented, that I had effected so much, ●n these times. Which came to pass ●ecau●e I proceeded not with respect, as it seems these present times require: And retaining old friendship with them, I have prevailed for your good. But your good friend Pansa, desirous to do me all kindness; being of no less authority, than favour about Caesar; was he that favoured me most above others. tilius Cimber also bore himself as well, as I could have wished. But that which most imports, is, That Caesar willingly gives ear to them, that petition him, not through ambition, but for some just, and due respect. And because Cimbers suits were of this nature, they have sped better for you then they would have done for any body else. We have not yet obtained the Patent, because some men are so malicious unto us, as they would swel● with despite, that you, had obtaine● leave to return, whom they tearm● the Trumpet of the civil war: minding thereby, to make show, that the● took no pleasure, that a war ensue● Wherefore I thought good, to proce●● secretly, and to keep the matter bu●●ed. But by that time you shall re●● these, I make no doubt but the 〈◊〉 will be dispatched. And Pans●, wh● is not a man of vain words, hath promised me, giving me his faith, that with in few days he will give me the Pate● N●●er●●elesse, I thought good to wri●● thus mu●h to you, that you might ha●● some cause, to cheer up yourself: the words of A●pul●ia your wife, and the tears of Ampia your daughter, making me think, that you are not of so good comfort, as your letters demonstrate. And they believe, that themselves, not being with you, you will be much more assailed with pensive cogitations. And therefore, to rid you of all grief, that might cease on your mind, I judge no remedy could be better, then to give you full notice of your delivery: which is most certain. You know, that before, when I wrote unto you, I only comforted you, as an invincible, and wise man, but I gave you no certain hope of returning into your country, till the heat of this war were quenched. Remember your letters, wherein you showed a great mind, & fi●me, and constant to endure all accidents. Which seemed no wonder to me, when I called to mind, that from a youth, you did negotiate in the Commonwealth; and it fell out that you had all your Magistracies, in the greatest dangers of the same● and you entered into this war, not only with an intention to be happy, if you proved victor, but to be wise, though you were vanquished. Besides, spending all your studies, in celebrating the worthy acts of valiant men: you must consider, that you ought to do nothing, in which you should show yourself, unlike to them. But these instructions were rather to be used, if you were in those miseries, from which you are now freed. But now, resolve only to tolerate with us these [inconveniences] which at this instant oppress us: to which if I found any medicine, I would also give it unto you. But there● no other refuge, than learning and studies, wherein we have always exercised ourselves: the which in prosperous Fortunes yielded us only contentment, but now, with contentment, they give us life also. But to return to the beginning, be assured, that your restitution is obtained. Farewell.   

Cicero to Quintus Ligarius. Epist. 14.  
THough in these your molestations, it was my part, to write unto you sometimes, to comfort you, and to give you assistance: nevertheless, I did it not hitherto, supposing that I could not either with words mitigate, or in any other manner extenuate your grief. But seeing I conceive great hope, that within a short time, you may compass your return into your country: I could not, but signify unto you, my opinion and desire. First therefore I will write, that which I discern, and see clearly; that Caesar will not be so bitter to you, as he hath been hitherto: because not only the matter itself, the times, and the opinions of men; but, as I perceive, his own nature also, doth every day, more and more mollify him. This hope I conceive, for all men, but for your person, I may have it far greater, being secured thereof, by his nearest favourites: to whom since news first came out of Africa, I have not ceased to sue, together with your brothers: who are so careful to procure your return, as I constantly believe, that Caesar seeing their valour, and singular affection towards you, will grant what they would: and if the matter suffer some longer delay, than we could wish; it is, because we cannot have audience from him, being exceedingly busied, in that he must give answer to so many demands. And moreover, being provoked against them, that have renewed the war in Africa, it seems he hath a purpose to punish them longest, from whom he hath received longest trouble. And yet against these men also he grows every day more pacified. Whereupon I promise you, (and keep in mind what I say) that you shall not continue in these perplexities any long time. Thus much touching my opinion. My love I had rather should be manifest unto you, by effects, then by words. And were I able to do as much as by right I should, in that commonwealth, of whom I have so well deseru●d as you suppose: you should not remain in so miserable an estate. But the same occasions have deprived me both of power & favour, which were unto you the cause of you● afflictions. Nevertheless, look what the shadow of my former dignities can compass; what I am able to perform, with that little authority that remains unto me, with my study, with my counsel, with my endeavour, with my favour, and with my affection; I will not fail to apply it wholly to you● benefit. Be of an invincible spirit, as ●uer you have been: F●rst, for the reasons above mentioned: and then, because you have always both counselled, and wrought so well for the Commonwealth, that now, you may not only hope, for better fortune: but if you did meet with it quite contrary, yet knowing that your counsels and actions have always been laudable, you ought to support it, with valour, and constancy. Farewell.   

Cicero to Quintus Ligarius. Epist. 15.  
ASSURE yourself, that I strive with all labour, industry, and affection, to obtain your return into your country: For beside, that I ever bore you singular affection, the great pity, and fervent love, which your brethren show towards yo●; to whom I am grown as friendly as to yourself; permits not, that I should omit any kind of office, or diligence, or let sl●p any occasion, to help you. But what I have wrought & compassed for you, I had rather you should understand by their letters, than mine own. I will only write unto you, what hopes I have of your safety, or rather, what I firmly believe, and am s●re of. If ever there were a man timorous, in grea● and dangerous affairs, and that always rather fears contrary events, than hopes for prosperous, I am the man: and if this be a defect, I must confess I have it. Nevertheless you shall understand, that the last o● February, betimes in the morning, I going to speak with Caesar: and before I could be admitted in, having suffered all indignity, and protraction, your brethren being prostrate at Caesar's feet, and with them your kinsmen, I spoke whatsoever I thought fitting for your purpose: and not only by Caesar's answer, which truly, was favourable, and courteous, but by his eyes, his countenance, and many other signs, which I could better discern, then set down in writing, I took such a conceit, as I esteem your return most certain. Be of good cheer therefore, and seeing you wisely supported, the more tempestuous times; bear these also cheerfully, that begin to be more temperate. Yet believe not, that I w●ll abate a whit of my usual diligence: rather I'll follow your matters, as if they stood upon the worst terms: and not only to Caesar, but to all his friends also, whom I know very loving unto me, I will, as hitherto I have done, prefer earnest supplications, for your safety. Farewell.   

Cicero to Basilius. Ep. 16.  
I Congratulate with you: I rejoice with myself: I love you; I protect your affairs: I desire to be certified of your love to me; and of the news of yourself, and of those quarters. Farewell.   

Bithynicus to Cicero. Ep. 17.  
IF there were no● between us in particular many just, and worthy occasions of friendship, I would rip the beginnings thereof, even from our Father's: which I will leave to them to do, who have no● with good offices preserved paternal amity. And therefore I'll content myself, with our friendship: which animateth me to entreat you, that you would assist me, in my absence, wherein soever need shall require: if you stand not in doubt, that I will forget your courtesy. Farewell.   

Cicero to Bithynicus. Ep. 18.  
FOR many respects, I desire once more to see the Commonwealth in better estate: but especially that I might be comforted, by that, which you promise me: in that you write, if this should ●ome to pass, you will be ever with me. It contents me, that you carry such a mind, and the same, our inward friendship requires; and that opinion, which was sometimes held of me, by tha● most rare man your father. For I will not deny, but that they, to whom Fortune hath given much power, by the greatness of benefits, may intimate themselves with you, more than I am able: but believe not, that any can love you above myself. Therefore I shall be glad, that you preserve the memory of our friendship, and affect also, to augment it. Farewell.   

Cicero to Lepta. Ep. 19  
Having seen, what you wrote in one of yours, that I received from your Seleucus, I presently sent a note to Balbus, that he would let me know what the Law was [●n that point.] He answered me, that it forbade, that any one, which was at that present Praeco, should be made Decurio: bu● not one that had been so in former times. So tha●, let ●hese our friends be of good comfort. For indeed, it were too hard a case; That whereas in R●m●, the Senatorian dignity, was conferred even upon ●he Ha●uspices: one might not in a free incorporation, be a D●curio, that in former times had borne office of Praeco: There is no news out of Spain, but take this for certain, that Pompeius hath a great army. For Caesar himself sent me a copy of a letter, of Pat●etu●, which relates, ●hat he hath eleven Legions. Besides this, M●ssalla wrote to Quintus Salassus, how Pompeius put to death, in the sight of the Army, Quintus C●rtius, his brother, because he had accorded with some Spaniards, if Pomp●ius went to a certain town, whither he resolved to go, about the provision of corn; to carry h●m prisoner to Caesar● Whereas, you write unto me, of the security you put in for Pompeius: if Balbus, who promised in your company, and is a man diligent enough, in matter of his own benefit, he returned out of the Country, I will not cease to speak to him thereof, to bring the matter to an end: whereof he seemed to conceive great hope. I am exceeding glad, that my book of The perfect Orator, so pleaseth you. Certainly, I persuade myself, that I have employed therein, all the judgement I have, about the Art of an Orator. And if it be such, as you write it seems unto you, there is some matter in me also: if otherwise, I deny not, but so much may be taken from the opinion of my judgement, as is in that book defective. I would have our Lepra begin to be delighted, with such like compositions. For, although he hath not yet that judgement, which years will bring upon him; yet will it not be without great benefit, if he inure His ears to such like accents. I am not yet gone out of Rome, b●cause my daughter lay in. Now, though she be, as I hope, in good state, yet will I not depart, till I have received of Dolabella, the first pension. And to confess unto you the truth, I delight no more to go abroad, as I was wont; I took pleasure to visit my Farms, and to separate myself from occupations: now, I have a house in Rome, which in beauty, is inferior to none of my country buildings; and I am as free from employments, as if I were in the most solitary place of this world: and I may study as much as I will, for no man hinders me: therefore I think to see you sooner here, than you me there. Procure that our [young] Lepta, may get Hesiodus without book, and let him have ever in his mouth.  
The hill where virtue hath her residence,  
Is of a steep, laborious ascent,  
The Gods would have it so; & 'tis but sense,  
That we should sweat, to get so rare content.   

Cicero to Lepta. Ep. 20.  
IT likes me well, that Macula hath done this duty; I ever approved of his wine of galenism, for entertainment, so there were houseroom enough, to lodge my company. For other matters, the place contents me very well, but yet I will not forbear to come to Petrinum, because both the village, and the seat, is so pleasant, that both one, and other invites men, not only to lodge, but to remain there always. Whereas you write unto me, that I should procure you to have the charge, of some of those festivities, which are to be celebrated in the countries: I have talked thereof, with Opius: for I saw not Balbus, since your departure, being so troubled with a pain in his feet, that he comes not abroad. But you should do much more wisely, not to seek these employments; for you cannot by this, colour your designs: Caesar's friends being multiplied in such abundance, that he rather leaves some, then lets any new ones take place; especially if he bring nothing but endeavour. wherein he will think, that he hath done you a favour, yea, though he should know, that you did not receive it. Nevertheless, we'll see what hope there is: for if there be none, I would advise you rather, to estrange your thoughts from it, then to have a desire thereof. I think to stay some days in Astura, till Caesar comes thither. Farewell.   

Cicero to Toranius. Ep. 21.  
Having written unto you, three days since, by the servants of C●eius Plancius, I will now be short: and, whereas before I comforted; now I'll advertise you. I think you cannot do better, then stay where you are, till you be certain what you are to do. For beside, that you shall avoid the danger, you might incur, by sailing in the winter, so many days, thorough a tempestuous sea: and besides ●hat, when you shall hear certain news, you may depart at your own pleasure: you have no cause, to be so desirous to go meet Caesar: and moreover, I am afraid of many things, whereof I reasoned with our friend Chilo: and to bring many words within a small compass: during these evils, you could not be in a more convenient place, having opportunity to turn yourself, whither soever necessity calls you. And, if he comes hither, you shall have time to meet him And, if any thing hinder him, or prolong his coming (as many accidents may fall ou●) you shall be in a place, where you may understand all news. Thus think I, and I advice you not to do otherwise. For the r●st, be assured, as many times I have written for your comfort, that in your case, you need to ●eare nothing, besides the common ruin of the whole City; which though it be grievous to tolerate, yet we have lived in such manner, and are of that age; as we ought valiantly to bear all adversities, which may happen, without our fault. All your friends are here in health, & with hearty affection, they desire, love, and reverence you. Look unto the preservation of your health, and stir not from thence, to no purpose.   

Cicero to Toranius. Epist. 22.  
ALthough 'tis thought, that the end of this pestiferous war is now at hand, or that some effect hath ensued; yet I cannot, but daily think, how you alone, in so great an army, should be of the same opinion I am: And that we only, saw wha● ill was in that war; wherein, all hope of peace excluded, the victory itself must needs be terrible, which brought death, if you were vanquished; if Victor, the yoke of servitude. Whereupon I, whom those valiant and wise men, the Domitij, and Lentuli, then said was timorous (as indeed I was; for I feared what came to pass) do now fear nothing, and am prepared against every accident. when I supposed, that some part of the losses, which afterwards we sustained, might have been prevented; th●n I grieved, that they provided not for the same. But now, every thing being ruinated, no council availing us, there remains no other remedy, b●t with patience to support all events: especially death; being the last period of humane miseries. And I knowing, that I have laboured to maintain the dignity of the Commonwealth, so long as I could; and able to do no more; I have endeavoured at least, the preservation of her safety. This I have written, not to use speech of myself, but to give you occasion to think thereon; you ever having wished, & advised the same, that I did. For 'tis a singular comfort, when a man calls to mind, that though the contrary happened, nevertheless, that he always persuaded that, which reason & conscience did read unto him, And I would to God, that we might once see the Commonwealth, in some state; and that enjoying each other, we may compare our afflictions together, which we then suffered, when we were reputed timorous, because we foretold those things which have ensued. As for your affairs, be assured, that you have no cause, to fear any other thing, but the general ruin of the Commonwealth. Of me constantly believe, that wherein I may be assisting to you, your safety, and to your children; I will ever be ready, with the greatest care, and diligence possible. Farewell.   

Cicero to Domitius. Ep. 23.  
IF I have not written to you, since your coming into Italy; the reason only was, because I could promise you nothing; being in so miserable an estate: neither could I advice you, myself wanting council: and in so grievous tribulations, I found no m●nner of comfort to give you. And though matters are not now a whit bettered, but stand in worse terms than before: yet I took occasion rather to write without matter, ●hen not to write at all. Though you were one of those, that sought to labour more for the Commonwealth, than their power would permit: nevertheless, in what I could, I would exhort you, to live with those conditions, which may be granted you. Bu●, having imposed th●t end to your resolute, and commendable council, which Fortune will have to be the bounds of our contentions: I pr●y, and conjure you, by our entire, and ancient amity, and by that great love we bear one another, that for my comfort, your Fathers, your mothers, your wives, and all your progenies, ●o whom you are, and ever were most dear; to preserve yourself; and to have a care of that which may turn to the good of your estate, and of those that depend on you. Now is the time to reduce to action, the documents which with long study you have learned out of the writings of wise men. In doing of which, you shall support, though not willingly, at le●st with patience, the desire of those friend's you have lost. I know not mine own worth: nay, I conceive my worth to be but small; but nevertheless I promise you, that I will as effectually labour that, which I think may stand with your safety, and dignity, as you with singular industry and love, ever prosecuted my occasions. And this my good will, I have manifested to your most loving mother, a woman of great bounty, and goodness. If you commit any thing to ●e; I will do whatsoever I may imagine, stands to your liking. And also if you write not unto me; I will notwithstanding with all care, and diligence do, whatsoever I see may redound to your benefit. Farewell.    

THE SEVENTH BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Cicero to Marcus Marius. Epist. 1.  
IF any bodily grief, or your usual indisposition hath detained you, from coming to the public sports; I ascribe it rather to Fortune, then to your wisdom. But if you reputed these things vain, which by others have been admired; and being ●ble, yet would not come: the one, and other please me well; both that you are healthful of body; and that you had so prudent a mind, in contemning those things, which others admire without cause; so that, you have reaped the fruit of your vacancy, which you might wonderfully enjoy, remaining as it were alone, in that Paradise. Neither do I therefore doubt, but you spend all the morning, in reading, and studying in that room of yours, from whence you may disce●●e, Stabi●num, & Sei●num. At which time, they that left you there, being drows●e, beheld amongst the multitude, those, which represented Comedies. The other hours of the day, you after spent in those pleasures, that for your recreation you made choice of: whereas we, were vr'gd, to hear the Comedies, which Publius Maecius forsooth approved of. In truth, if you desire, I should tell you; I must needs say, the sports were as honourably set forth as might be, but not to your likings whereof I judge according to mine own inclination. First, for greater honour to the Festivitie; they returned to the Stage, who, I thought, for their reputations' sake, had left it. Then our Aesop, who so much delights you, bore himself so ill, as he should have done every man a favour, not to have gone forward in his part; for having begun to swear, his voice failed him in that [very] place, If I commit any dec●it wittingly. I need not describe the rest unto you, you knowing how the other plays are. Neither need I to tell you that they had not the pleasing, or grateful spe●ches of ordinary plays. For the pomp took away the pleasure; and I am most sure, you will be very glad you saw it not. For, to see 600. Mules in [the Tragedy of] Clytemne●●ra; or three thousand standing cups in a Trojan horse; or sundry armed shows of horse, and foot, in a battle; what delight yields it? the vulgar admire these things, but they would no ways have contented you. If in those dries you made your Protoge●es read unto you, so he read not my Orations, undoubtedly you found ●a●re sweeter recreation, than any of us. F●r as for the Grecian, or Oscian sports, I think you never desired to see them, in that you may see the Oscian, in our Senate; and the Grae●ian you so detest, that you accustom not to go to your country Farm by the Greek way. And why should I imagine, that you desire to see the Champions, when you would never see the Fencers? wherein Pompeius himself confesseth, that he hath merely lost his time, and charge, in exercising them. Besides this: For ●iue whole days, I deny not but there we●e every day two magnificent baitings; but what pleasure can an understanding man take, when by a forcible and strong beast a weak man is torn in pieces; or when a goodly beast, is with a spear gored through, from one side to the other? These things if they were worthy of sight, thou hast seen them more than once: and we that have be●ne there before, saw nothing new or strange. The last day, was of the Elephants: who, struck the people into great wonder, but gave no delight; rather a compassion: and men in some sort thought, that, that kind beast, did participate of humane nature. But because you may not imagine, but that in those days, I was not only happy, but free: I will not forget to advertise you, how at the same ●ime, when the Comedies were represented, I was like to break with the pains, I took in de●ending the cause of Gallus Caninius, your familiar friend. And if the people favoured me, as highly as they did Aesop; before God, I would leave the art willingly, and live with you, and our equals. For if this kind of life, did not please me, then, when both my years, and ambition, excited m● to follow it; and when I was not bound to defend any, but such as I thought well of; neither was I bound to defend whom I would not, now I am so weary of it, that I can follow it no more. For I expect no fruit of my labours; and sometimes I am enforced, to defend such an one, as hath done me an injury, at their entreaties, that have benefitted me. Wherefore, I daily cast about, how I may one day live, after mine own humour: and I cannot express unto you, how praise worthy I hold your resolution; and how I am satisfied to see you live so retired. And I grieve the less, for your coming so seldom to see us, for if you were at Rome, neither could I enjoy your sweet conversation, nor you make use of mine, be it what it will be, by reason of my troublesome negotiations: from which if I can but ease myself, (for I seek not to be altogether freed,) I have a mind not only to teach others, but yourself also; who for so many years, have studied nothing else, what that life is, which may truly be called a life. Attend you as you do, to maintain, and preserve yourself, in this your weak constitution: to the end that we may visit our country houses together, and at ease, range up and down, here and there, in our Litters. I have been longer than I use to be; not through the abundance of my time, but out of love: you having half invited me in a certain Epistle, to write somewhat, which might make you not repent, that you were not at the sports. Wherein if I have given you satisfaction, I am glad: if not, I will be of good hope, that an other time you will come to see th●m, and visit us; not expecting, that my letters should herein give you full contentment. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Marius. Epist. 2.  
I Will diligently perform what you enjoin me: but certainly you were very circumspect to commit the enterprise to one, who for his own interest, desires, that the thing may be sold very dear: but you showed wit in limiting me the price, for which, I was to buy it. For if you had referred yourself to me; as my love is towards you, I would have enjoined my coheirs to have given you satisfaction therein. But now I know what you will spend, I will underhand send a person, that shall offer near your price: that th●re be no sale made under the price you offer: But no more iest●ng. I will observe you with that diligence, which I ought. As for Bursa, I am sure, you receive great contentment; but you rejoice ●oo coldly with me; supposing as you write, that by ●eason of his ignobility I esteem the mirth the less, Be assured, that I was more joyful at ●his sentence, then when Clodius was slain. First, because I love rather to overcome with reason, then with arms: then, because it is pleasing to me to overcome rather with the glory, then ●●●ne of my friend. And above all, it liked me, that good Citizens have manifested so great affection to me, though they perceiu●d in opposition, the prevalent practices, and infinite desire of Pompeius, a man so honourable, and potent. Last of all, which could scarcely seem probable, I wished worse to this man, then to Clodius himself: For ●o Clodius, in opposing him, I had done an inurie: and to ●his defending him, a benefit: and Clodius aimed at an high enterprise, s●eing all the Commonwealth was to run the same Fortune with me; neither did he mo●e of himself, but through their assistance, who, I being safe, could not be s●fe themselves. But this fooli●● creature, for his recreation, went about to molest me: and made some that envied m●e, beleeu●, that he would always be galling of me. I pray therefore rejoice exceedingly. A great victory is obtained. There were never more resolved Citizens than they, who durst attempt to condemn him, against Pompeius' power, who had chosen them for his i●dges; which they would, never have done, if they had not been touched at the heart, with my passion. We are so encumbered here, with abundance of judges, and new laws; that every day we pray that some suspension follow not, to the end that, as soons as may be, we may see you. Farewell.   

Cic●ro to Marcus Marius. Epist. 3.  
WHEN I consider, (as many times I do) on the common miseries, wherein for so many years w●e have lived; and for any thing I see, are like st●ll ●o live; I call to mind that t●me, when w● were last together. Nay, I remember the day itself: For on the xiii. of May, in the year, when L●an●ulus and Marcellus were Consuls; I coming in the evening into Pompeianum, you came presently unto me, with a mind much troubled; A●d the grief did arise partly from thinking on my office; and in part also for my danger. If I remained in Italy, you doubted lest I should fail in my office: and if I went to the civil war; you feared I should run in●o some imminent peril. At which time you might perceive me also, ●o disturbed, and deprived of all counsel, that I knew not how to elect the best. Nevertheless, I chose rather to yield to the fear of infamy, then to respect mine own safety. Which afterwards I grieved at; not so much for fear of d●nger, as for ●he many defects I found there, whither I was gone. First, the Army was but little and weak: then, except the Captain, and some few others, (I speak o● the chiefest) the rest were in the war itself so ravenous, and in wo●ds so contumelious, that the victory itself astonished me. I may further add, that the honourablest Citizens, of our parts, were much charged with debt, What should I say more? The●e was nothing else good; but the occasion of the enterprise. Which having observed, I despairing of victory, first began to counsel ● peace, as always my custom was. Then Pompeius being ve●y far from this opinion, I began to a●●●●e him, to draw the war out at length. Whereunto sometimes he consented, and said he would do it; and wo●ld peradventure have so done, if after a certain encounter, he had not grown too confident in the force of his soldiers: neither afterwards, did that man, so highly ever esteemed, any thing beseeming a good Captain. With a new Army, raised in divers places, he joined battle, with tough and lusty soldiers. Whereupon remaining vanquished, and having lost, even his lodging Tents, alone reproachfully, he betook himself to flight. And this was my end of the war: it appearing unlikely to me, that being so broken, we could rest victors, in ●hat we were not equal, when we were most entire. I departed from that war, wherein it was necessary, either by fight to die; or to light upon some treacheries; or fall into the hands of the vanquisher; or have recourse to King juba; or to be retired into voluntary banishment; or else make choice to kill myself. Certainly nothing else could thereon ensue; being neither willing, nor daring, to put thyself into the Conquerors hands. But of all the foresaid discommodities, there was none more tolerable than exile; especially to him that is innocent; when no further infamy concurred therein: and when you are deprived of that City, where you can behold nothing without grief. I made choice to live amongst my friends, (if one may say, that any man hath now right in any thing) & yet I was pleased, to be with my friends. I prognosticated what did afterwards ensue. I came home, not with hope to remain there very contented; but so there were any form of a Commonwealth, to be resident as it were in my country: if there were not; to live as it were in banishment. Me thought I had no occasion, to offer myself death; yet many, to desire it. For we commonly say, that a man should no longer esteem his life, when he is no more the same man h●e was. But notwithstanding to be guiltless, is a great extenuation of affliction: especially having two things for my sustentation, the knowledge of the most commended arts; and the glory achieved by my worth; t●e one of which cannot be taken away from me in life; nor the o●her after death. I have been troublesome to you, with this so tedious a discourse; b●t knowing you to be most loving to me, and the Commonwealth, I meant absolutely to lay open my mind unto you: first, to show you, how I never would condescend, that the power of one Citizen should be greater● then of the whole Commonwealth. But after that through some man's fault the forces of one particular man so increased, that there was no means to resist him, I affected peace: and the Army being lost, and that Captain in whom our hopes did live; my desi●e was, that all the rest, should have given over the war; but not obtaining this myself alone le●t it: and now if this be a City, I make account to be a citizen; if it be not, I suppose myself to be an exile, in a place, where I remain in no worse condition, then if I were in Rhodes, or Mitylene. I desired rather to have discoursed of these things with you face to face; but because I saw, I should not so soon find opportunity, I thought good now to write them: to the end that if you chance to be in any place, where any speak sinisterly of me, you may know how to defend me. For there are some, who, though my death would no ways advantage the Commonwealth; yet they think it a great sin, that I do live. And these men, I am certain, think the number of them that were slain in this war, to be very small: who if they had followed my advice, though with unjust peace, yet with honour, they might have lived. For they should have been inferior in arms only, but not in equity. here is a longer Epistle than peradventure you desired; and I ●●all believe you take it so, except you write me another longer. If I can dispatch some businesses of mine own, I hope shortly I shall see you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Marius. Epist. 4.  
THE xiiii. [of this present.] I came into Gumanum with our Libo: I think presently ●o go to Pompeianum. But I'll first let you know of it. I desire, that you should be always healthful; but more questionless while we are together. For you see we shall shortly meet. Wherefore if you determined to apply any remedy to the gout, defer it while another time. Be careful therefore of your health, and expect me within two, or three days. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Caesar Imperator. Epist. 5.  
BEhold, how secure I am, that your mind is no wa●es different from mine, not only in my own occasions, but also in those of my friends. I thought to have brought Caius Tr●batius in my company, whither soever I went, with an intent to do him all the honour and favours, that possibly I could: But seeing Pompeius' journey grows much longer than I supposed: and in that I may easily, for a centaine suspicion that you are privy to, either stay, or at least prolong my departure: see what security I repose in you: I have begun to resolve that Treba●ius shall attend for that from you, which he hoped for from me: and I have promised him no less, in your good affection, than I was wont to assure him of mine own. But there hath happened a wonderful accident, as it were to assure me, that my conceit was not vain; and to secure me of your favour. For our friend B●lbus, being in my house; and I speaking affectionately to him, of the foresaid Trebatius, a letter of your● was brought me, in the end of whi●h you wrote thus: I will make Marcus Furius, whom you commend unto me, either k●ng of Gall, or L●pta's Ambassabour. If you please, send me another, that may for your sake, be honoured. I and Balbus bliss ourselves, that this should happen at such a time, as it seemed not fallen out by chance, ●ut even sent from heaven. Behold therefore, I send unto you Trebatius; and so much the more willingly, because besides mine own desire you invite me to send him also. I entreat you my Caesar, to embrace him with that humanity, which is so incident to your own nature, and to confer those benefits upon him alone, which for my sake, you would procure any friend of mine. And this I assure you in his behalf, not with my old manner of speech, whereat writing to you, of Milo, you worthily laughed: but after the Roman manner, as discreet man speak; that there is no man, that in bounty, valour, or modesty, goes beyond him; whereunto may be added, for the greater ornament of his other qualities, a singular memory, and perfect knowledge of that, which appertains to the government of City's. I do not require you, to make him a Praefect, or a Tribune, or to give him any other dignity, only I desire, that you would love him, and vouchsafe him your accustomed courtesy. And y●t, I shall not take it ●ll, if you please to advance him, with such like titles of glory. And finally, ridding him, as they say, out of mine own ha●ds, I put him into yours, so famous for victory, and promise observed. But it may be, I use more ceremonies in this, than your courteous disposition comporteth: But for those, I doubt not, but we shall find a fitter opportunity hereafter. Be careful of your health; and continue the love you bear me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 6.  
I Never write to Caesar, nor Balbus, but I recommend you; and that not with cold, but with such fervent words, as they give great notice of the love, which I profess unto you. But I pray you, shake off these fantasies, and that same humour of returning to a City life: and with care, and resolution, strive to obtain that you hoped for, upon your departure. And we your friends will as readily pardon this, as those noble and rich Matrons pardoned Medea, that inhabited in the high Castle of Corinthus: whom, with her white hand, she made believe, that they ought not to reprehend her, because she lived remote from her Country. 
For in the lands of strangers,  
Have risen many rangers,  
And have their Country's public good procured.  
Many in their own cottage,  
Possessed with drowsy dotage,  
Have their whole life without renown endured.  Among which, questionless, you had been one, if we by violence, had not driven you from hence. But another time, I'll write more at large. Now, you that have studied to open other men's eyes, open so your own, that you be not deceived by the Charretiers of Britannia. And● seeing I have begun to enter into that passage of Medea, reserve this always in your mind; That he's not wise, that's not wise for his own profit. Look to your health.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 7.  
I Forget not to recommend you: but I would fain hear from you something, about the effects thereof. I have great hope in Balbus; to whom I often write effectually of you. I wonder much, that when I receive letters from my brother, you write not to me. I understand, that in Britannia, there's neither gold, nor silver: if it be so, I would wish you out of hand, to take a chariot, and return presently to us: but in case, that without Britannia, we may compass our intention, seek to thrust in, amongst Caesar's Familiars. Wherein my brother, and Balbus, will greatly assist you; but assuredly, more your own modesty, and deserts. You serve one, who, besides many means that he hath to prefer you, is by nature most liberal. You are of an age very apt to serve him. And by me, most assuredly, you are recommended with all efficacy: so that you need to fear but one thing, [which is] that you neglect not yourself. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 8.  
CAESAR hath written very friendly unto me, how you have yet no great familiarity with him, in regard of his great employments; but that without fail, you shall have hereafter. And I returned answer unto him, how acceptable every favour and courtesy that he did for you● would be unto me. But in your letters, I observe too great haste; and I cannot conceive, why you refused the benefit of the Tribuneship, especially in that you should have been fre● from the trouble of executing it. I will expostulate thereof, with Vacerra, and Ma●ilius, but not with Corneliu●● because, confessing, that you were instructed by him, you cannot commit an error without some imputation to himself. I pray, make use of this opportunity and occasion, for you will never find a better. Concerning what you write unto me, about that Doctor Pretianus, I cease not to remember you to him. And he in like manner writes to me, that you have occasion to be beholding to him. I would fain know wherein: and I look that you should write often to me out of Britannia. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 9  
THese many days I know not what you do; for you write nothing to me, nor for these two months have I written to you. Seeing you were not with my brother Quintus, I knew not whether, nor by whom to write, I desire to know, where you are, and where you mean to winter. I could be glad it were with Caesar: but I durst not write to him thereof, knowing how discontented he is now: but I have written of it to Balbus. See you be not forgetful of yourself, and return a little the later, to return the richer: you need not make haste to come hither, especially Vacerra being dead. But you want no counsel. I would fain know, what resolution you have undertaken. Cneius Octavius, or whether it be Cn●iu● Cornelius, your familiar friend, borne of a noble family, of which no man hath notice; knowing that I am your friend, invites me often to supper with him. But hitherto he could never bring me thither; and yet I accept of his good will. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 10.  
I Have read your letters, by which I understood, how our Caesar is of opinion, th●t in the knowledge of the Laws you are very profound. You have cause to rejoice, that you are gotten into a Country, wh●re it is thought you know somewhat. And if you had also gone into Britannia, undoubtedly, in that so great an Island, you would not have met with your equal. But nevertheless (I may well laugh, seeing you invite me to it) I bear you a kind of envy, that you were called by him, to whose friendship● not through any pride in himself, but by reason of his many negotiations, others cannot attain. But in these letters, you write nothing to me of your affairs, which certainly touch me, as nearly as mine own. I am afraid, lest this winter, you be frozen, and therefore I wish you, to keep always a good fire. Mucius, and Manilius concur with me in this opinion, as they that know, that you are not very well furnished with clothes: though I hear, that you in those parts, meet with them that set you on heat. Through which advertisement, I feared much your occasions. But you are much more circumspect in the Art of war, then in pleading. For, though you can swim excellent well, yet you were not willing to swim in the Ocean, nor to see the Charretiers of Britannia: although, when you were at Rome, you never failed to go see them run, and manage horses. How effectually I have written to Caesar in your behalf, yourself knows: how often, I know. It is true, that for this many days, I discharged not this office; only because I would not seem, to distrust in his infinite courtesy, a●d of the singular affection that he bears me; notwithstanding, in these last that I wrote, I thought to renew your recommendation to him. And I would be glad to know, what I have wrought, and withal of your estate, and all your designs. And therefore I desire to know, what you do, what you expect, and how long you think, to live from us: and be assured, that I cannot endure your absence's, if I perceive not, that it is ●o● your good. For otherwise, we are both the foolishest men in the world: I, because I seek not to draw you to Rom●; you, because you come not away flying. One meeting that we have together, whether it be about grave, or jesting matters; is certainly mor● worth; then, not only our enemies, but the very Ed●i our brethren. And therefore let me know all, as soon as you can: For, by comforts counsel, or effect, I'll f●rther you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 11.  
IF you were not already departed from Rome, you would now certainly have a desire to leave it. For in so many Interr●gnum's, who hath need of a Lawyer? I would advise all Doctors, to demand two Aduocateships of every Interrex. Do you not think that I am a great proficient in your Law terms? But tell me, what do you? how go matters? for I see, that you begin to jest. These signs are better, than the Statues of my Tusculanum, the which we also call signs. But I desire to know, what this imports. You write, that Caesar takes your Council: I would be gladder, that he took counsel of himself, to do you some good. And if he do it, or that you hope he will do it, bear with this war, and leave it not. For I, with the hope of your benefit, will moderate my desire of seeing you. But if you see no way, to enrich yourself there, return to Rome: For here, either you shall at one time or other get somewhat; or if not, one discourse betwixt us, will questionless be worth more, than all the Samarobri●ae that are in the worl●. Besides, if you return presently: you shall minister no great matter of rumour, or talk; but if you continue long abroad, without any profit, I am much afraid, not only of L●b●rius, but of Valerius also our companion; For, in a Comedy, the person of a Doctor of Britannia may fitly be represented. Do you laugh? I laugh not; but, of a most important matter, as my use is, I write jestingly unto you. But now to lay aside all jests, I most lovingly entreat you, if by the means of my letters, you be honoured, as you deserve, that you will curb the desire of being with us, and seek to augment your reputation, and benefit. But if matters go ill forward, return hither. But be c●rtaine, that with your own worth, and with those offices I perform, in recommending you most effectually, you shall obtain the end of all your desires. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 12.  
I Could not imagine the cause, why you gave over writing to me. But my friend Panfa tells me, that you are become an Epicurean. Oh! what 〈◊〉 honourable war? what would you have done, if I had sent you to Tarentum, and no● to Samarobrina? I never liked you since, you commended the li●e whereunto Titius also my familiar acquaintance, meant to apply himself. But how will you defend civil equity, doing every thing for your own interest, and nothing for your citizens? what will that part of the law benefit you, which commands, that amongst good men, promise be kept? how can he be a good man, that does nothing for any man, but himself? how will you show, that, that which is common aught to be divided: if they which only respect their own delight, will have nothing common? How would you have men swear by Ioue● if you think that jove cannot be angry, with any body? And how shall the people of the Vlubrans' do, if you be of opinion, that a man must take no care of public things? I am therefore very sorry, if it be true, that you are entered into the school Epicur●s: but if you sergeant, to humour Pan●a, for your profit; I excuse you: so you will sometimes write, what you do, and what you would have me do, or procure for you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 13.  
HOw come you to conceive, that I should be so unreasonable, as to be angry with you, because you seemed so instable, and desirous to return to Rome; and that for this cause, I forbore long time to write unto you? It's true, that the grief and discontentment of your mind, which I perceived in your first letters, troubled me very much. But I omitted to write unto you, for no other cause, but because I knew not where you were, and yet you complain, and accept not of my excuse. Alas! I pray tell me my Tribatius, is it money that makes you so presumptuous? or is it because Caesar, so great a Captain employs you? I would I might die, if I do not think, (such is your vainglory) that you had rather be employed by Caesar, then to be gilded over with gold. But be it the one and the other; who will support your pride, besides myself, who am a man apt to endure every thing? But to return to my purpose, I am very glad, that you remain there so willingly: and as your former discontentment was grievous to me, so now I am delighted, to see you con●ented. Only I am in doubt, that your Art, will help you but little. For I understood, that there, 
N● man decides his cause by law:  
But being crossed begins to draw.  And you are not a man, to maintain quarrels: nay, I know you to be so modest, that your adversaries cannot put in this plea against you, that you with armed power, were the first to assail them. But ●hat I may give you so●e item also, of those that are not in your books, I advice you to take heed of the Treviri. I hear that they are ●ruell. I had rather they were rich: But another time peradventure, I shall have more leisure to jest. I pray write unto me diligently, how all matters are carried there: the iiij. of March. Farewell..   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 14.  
CHrysip●us Vettius, freeman to Cyrus the Architect, made me think that you had not yet forgotten me. For he saluted me in your name, you are grown very coy, that you vouchsafe no● to write to me, who am so near a fri●nd vnt● you. And if you can write no more: there will be found but few h●erea●ter, whom you are like to overthrow in their suits. But if you have forgotten me, I will endeavour to come unto you, before I be clean razed out of your memory. If also, the ●eare of the summer debilitate you; de●ise some excuse, as you did, about Britannia. The foresaid Chrysippus told me, to my singular contentment, that you are one of Caesar's intimates, but certainly it would like me better, and more reason there is, that I should have daily information of your proceedings, by your own letters. To which desire questionless you had never given cause, if with as great care, you had learned the laws of amity, as you did those that belong to pleading. But all this I speak by way of ●est; as ●ou are wont to do, and I too sometimes. I bear you unfeigned affection, and I desire; yea, verily I believe, that you do the same. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 15.  
HOw hard a matter 'tis to content them that love; this may teach you. First you made me despair, in that you would not remain where you are. And now I no less despair, i● that you write, that you continue there willingly. Then, I was vext● because you were not contented to be recommended by my letters; now, I am displeased, because you live contented, being separated from me. But yet I had rather suffer the want of my present desire, than not to behold you in that state, I hope to see you in. I cannot utter, how glad I am, that you are entered into amity, with Caius Matius, a courteous and learned man. Use all means possible, to endear him to you. Undoubtedly in this Province, you cannot make a greater purchase. See you look unto your health. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 16.  
IN the Tragedy entitled the Trojan Horse; it's written as you know towards the end. The Trojans wit be●gins too late: But you, little one, delayed not long to get wit. In the beginning you wrote letters ●o me full of complaints rather foolish, then otherwise. Afterwards you were not very ●ond to see Britannia, for which, I can not blame you; and now, I see you wholly addicted, to the winter residences: and you think not to stir a foot. You must be wise every way; [for] ●his is the course to improve you. If I did use to sup abroad, I would have satisfied Cneius Octavius in his desire. But I could not forbear, he inviting me so often, to ask him, who he was? Not to jest: he is an honest man: I would you had taken him along with you. Let me understand by all means what you do, and whether you mean to come into Italy this winter. Balbus writes to me of a certainty, that you'll become a rich man. I will not now examine, whether ●ee spoke after the Roman phrase, that you were to h●ue money enough, or else according to the Stoics, who affirm, that all they are ●ich, which enjoy heaven, and earth. As many as come from thence, aveire, that you are so haughty, as you scerne to answer, to a demand made: Nevertheless you have reason to rejoice; in that it is generally known, that at Samarobrina, there is not a learneder man in the laws, than yourself. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 17.  
I Have given my brother thanks, as you wrote [I should:] and now finally I may commend you; seeing at last your determinations are firm, and stable In the first months you ●rouck't me much to anger: and sometimes (I'l● tell it ye, with your patience) you appeared very mutable, in desiring ●o return to Rome; sometimes ● counterfeit; otherwhiles timorous, in tho●e commands that are imposed upon soldiers; and often, which was not wont to be your fashion, half presumptuous, and impudent: For you would presently return, full of money; as if you had gone to Caesar, with a bill of exchange, and not with a letter of recommendation. And you remembered not how they that went to Alexandria, with letters of exchange to recover their debts, have not yet received ●o much as one Harrington. If I had aimed at mine own profit, I would undoubtedly have desired to keep you about me; for your conversation yielded me no small contentment; and your counsel, and endeavours, were very beneficial. But knowing the trust you reposed in me, and the affection you bore me, even from your younger years; I had ever a mind, not only to preserve your estate, but to increase both your honour, and profit. Wherefore, when I had an opinion to go into my Province, you may remember what place I offered you, without being entreated. But after I changed my resolution, perceiving how Caesar held m● in good esteem, and loved me affectionately: and knowing his wonderful courtesy and rare constancy; I sent you to him; and recommended you, with the greatest efficacy, possible. And he hath often written to me, that for my sake he will show you all favours. Even as to yourself also, both in words, and effects, he hath manifested. Having therefore light upon such a man: if you think I either know any thing, or wish you well, neglect him not: and if any thing peradventure o●●end you; supposing, that either through his great occupations, or that he is not able, he doth not so suddenly remunerate your service: bear a while, and expect the end; which will yield you, honour, and contentment. And take my security for the same. It hoots not ●hat I spend more words in persw●d●ng you; only I give you this advice, that neither, to purchase absolutely the love of so honourable a man, and so liberal, nor to settle you in a Province of worthy employments, shall you everlight upon the like occasion. Besides, your bodily vigour, ca● never be better. And (as you use to write in your books.) So thought Quintus Cornelius, I am very glad you went not into Britannia; both because you suffered not the discommodities [of such a journey,] and in that you have not to relate unto me those events. I pray write unto me, where you mean to keep your winter, and with what hope, and condition. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 18.  
I Received at one instant some letters of yours, that were written at divers times: Every thing pleased me: that you prepare yourself for this war; and that you are a worthy fellow. And though at the first you seemed to me somewhat unconstant; yet I thought not, that this proceeded from a wavering mind, but from an ardent desire to be with me. Give not over therefore, so promising a beginning; pass through this warlike employment with an invincible mind. Assure you, you'll gain much thereby. I'll renew your commendation: but when the time shall be fitting. Build upon this, that you cannot desi●e more th●n myself, that your present absence may be very beneficial. And in testimony thereof, conceiving that your laws do not help you much, I sent you some few days since, a letter in Greek, by which you might be aided. I pray write unto me, of the success of the wars of Gallia. For I give credit, to every foolish and idle fellows reports. But as I said, all that you wrote pleased me; only I marvelled, that you wrote against all common use; many letters with your own hand, of one, and the same tenor. For, as for writing to me, upon razed paper, I see your frugality, and I commend you for it: But I am a considering, what it might be that was first written there; which you would rather cancel, then write out: unless peradventure, they were your law cases. For I cannot be persuaded, that you would raze out my letters, to insert your own. Was it happily your meaning to let me know, that your employments, were unfruitful, and that you get not so much, as may buy you paper? This is your own fault, who carried with you shamefastness, and would not leave it behind you here with us. I'll commend you to Balbus, when he comes thither, after the Roman manner, that is, with all efficacy: and if you receive not my letters so suddenly, do not wonder. For I will be abroad all the month of April. I write this in P●ntinum, staying a while, in the Farm, of Marcus Aemilius Philemon: From whence I was wont, to hear the noise of my Clients, who by your means, committed themselves to my care. For 'twas confidently told me, that a multitude of frogs were assembled together in Vl●bra, to come and visit me. Farewell. They viii. of April, from Pontinu●.  
THough your letter which L●c●us Aruntiu● delivered me, was very innocent; because it contained nothing, that might not securely have been read in the hearing of the people: yet I rend it, as well because of Lucius Aruntius words; who said, that he received from you the like commission; as because in the end of the self sa●e letter you put me in mind to do so: but no more of this. I marvel that you never since wrote unto me; especially so great news having occurred. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 19  
SEE, whether I love you: (though certainly upon just occasions for, I do not go beyond you in love) for being now far o●f, I could not withhold that from you, which in R●me I would not grant, nor so much as promise you: wherefore, so soon as I dep●rted from V●li●, I began a ship-bord, to compose the Topics of Aristotle: and the sight of that City, because it was so affected to you, made me have a desire unto it. I sent you the book from Regium: in which you shall see, that I have entreated of that matter, as plainly as possible I could: but if some things seem obscure unto you: you must imagine, that no science can be learned out of writing, without an Interpreter; and without some exercise: and not to go ●a● from the matter; your Laws, think you they can be learned out of books only? which, though they be many; nevertheless, they requi●e a teacher, and exposition. Though, if you read my book attentively, and often, I will not say, you shall reap a●l the fru●● that you desire; but at least, you shal● understand the matter of yourself. And, i● you will have also the places, from whence you draw your arguments, when any question is propounded, to come readily to mind; exercise is necessary: wherein I will help you, if I return safe, and find things safe at Rome: Farewell, the xxviij of july, from R●gium.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 20.  
SInce I knew the affection that the City of Velia bears you; I thought her more worthy of my love: though she loves not you only, who is beloved of every one; but also your Ru●io, who is as much desired, as if he were one of us. But I think you very wise, in causing him to come to your building. For, ●hough Velia is of no les●e est●eme then Lupercal, nevertheless, I had rather you would make a building in Rome, than any where else. But for all this, if you'll follow my council, as you were wont, you sh●ll not sell your father's possessions, which you have here; (I speak this, because the Velienses something doubted thereof) Neither shall you leave Hele●es an excellent river; nor forsake the house, sometimes of Papi●ius: though it have a grove, where even strangers are wont to rest themselves. Notwithstanding, if you cut it, you will have a goodly prospect. But it may be very commodious for you, especially in these times; first, to have their City for a receptacle, to whom you are dear; then your own house, and your farms also; especially in a remote, healthful, and pleasant place. And, I think, my Trebatius, it will also be fit for me. But regard your health, and have a care of my matters, expecting me, by the God's help, before Autumn. I have caused Sex●us Fabius, to give me his Master Nico●s book, wherein he treateth of eating well. O sweet Physician! how willingly I learn these precepts: I marvel our Bassus never spoke word to me of this book. It seems he spoke to you. The wind riseth, have a care of your health. From Velia, the xxth. of julie.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 21.  
AFter I had informed you of the cause of Silius; he came to me: and I telling him that you were of opinion, that promise without prejudice to his right, might be made in this form: If Quintus Caepio the Praetor, hath given me possession of the goods of Turpilic● He answered me, that he understood from Servius Sulpitius, that a will is nothing worth, if it be made by him, that hath no power to testate. Adding, that Offilius affirmed the same; but that of this, he could not talk with you: and he prayed me to commend his cause unto you. Be assured, that besides you, I have not a greater friend than he: neither know I a better man. Therefore it would please me very well, and I much entreat you, ●hat you would ●inde him out. But do it, if you love me, out of ha●d. Farewell.   

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 22.  
Yesternight, at the Table, you laughed a● me, because I said, it was a doubtful case, wh●ther an hei●e might in right, challenge a th●●●, which was committed before his time. Whereupon, though I returned late home, ●nd full of wi●e; nevertheless, I noted ●he place, where the said case is written; and I sen● it you: because you might know, that Sextus Aelius, Marcu● Man●lius, and Marcus Brutus, are of a contrary opinion: and yet I agree to S●euola's opinion, and yours. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Fabius Gallus. Epist. 23.  
I Had not been long come from ●rpi●as, when your letters were delivered me: and by the same messenger, I received one from Anianus: wherein ●e courteously promised me, that at his coming, I should become his debtor, for what time I would. Imagine a little, that you are myself. Do● you thi●ke it stands, ei●her with your modesty, or mine; first, that I demand a day of payment; and ●●at afterwards, I should requ●re it for above a years but all had be●ne ●ell, if you had brought those things, which I desired, and ●or such a sum as I would. And nevertheless; with that, you write you h●ue bought, I shall not only be content, but take also great pleasure therein; knowing evidently, that you have used not only diligence about it, but also love: and that you have not bought a thing, which you thought not fit for me. But have first satisfied your own judgement, the which in every thing I have always reputed excellent. Yet I would not have D●masippus change his mind: Because you have not bought a thing ●o my liking. You have, not knowing my mann●r, bought these four, or five statues, at so great a price, as I would not give it for all the statues that can be found. Besides, you parallel these statues, with the Mus●s of M●tellus. What comparison is there? First, I would never have so high prized the Muses themselves: and all the Mus●s would have been contented with this my judgement. Nevertheless, they would have well beseemed my Library, as a convenient ornament for our studies. But the statuas of Bacchus, how they like me! Oh they are fair! I know it too well: and I have se●ne them often; but if they had pleased me, I would have given you special commission [to buy them:] For, I use to buy those statues, the which after the manner, as is accustomed in schools; may adorn my room, in the Palaestra. But the statue of Mars, how can that fit me, who ever procured, and persuaded peace? I am glad there was never a statue of Saturnus. For it, and that of Mars, I should have thought, would have indebted me. I ra●her would, that there had been one of Mercurius: b●cause I think, Auianus would have come to a more reasonable price. Whereas you write, that you would have that Tr●pesophorus, or Statue, which supports the table; if you like it, I'll give it you: but if you be changed, I'll keep it myself. With the money, certainly, which you have spent upon these statues, I could far more willingly have bought a lodging at Tarracina, not to be always troubling my friends, by lying in their houses. But I see the fault is in my freeman, to whom I specified the things I would have: and likewise in junius; who, as I suppose you know, is absolutely for Amanu●. I have begun in a gallery of my Tusculan●m, certain ●●●ting rooms, the which I would adorn wi●h fair pictures. For, if any s●ch like things delight me, picture pleaseth me. But yet if these statues must lie upon my hands, certify me where they are, when I mu●t send for them; and how to convey them along. For, if Damasippus will not have them, we sh●ll find some other Damasippus, though I should lose somewhat therein. As for the house, when I received your other letters, I was upon my departure: and therefore I left the care to my daughter; and spoke also thereof to your Nicia, who, as you know, is a friend to Cassius. But when I was returned, be●ore I could read these your last; I demanded of my daughter, if she had done nothing in it● she answered me, that she had spoken thereof to Licinia, Cassius sister, with whom I suppose, he conue●seth not much. And she said● that she durst not part with that house, without Decius her husband's knowledge, who is gone into Spain. It l●kes me well to see, that you make so great account of conversing, & living with me; first that you would take that house, wherein you sh●ll not only dwell near me, but as it were with me; beside, because you have so great a desire to come to it; which notwithstanding, let me not live, i● it be greater than mine. Wherefore I will use all ●he meanus I can therein, perceiving how much it imports both th● one, and other of us. If I can do any thing you shall understand of it. Write back to ●e of every thing: and certify me if you please, when you will come. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Fabius Gali●●. Ep. 24.  
WHether soever I turn myself, I see manifest signs of the love you bear me: which was the occasion, that you were displeased abou● Tigellius. I thank you therefore fo● your good will: but I'll deliver you the case briefly. Capius (i● I be not deceived) was wont to say, I sleep not to every man: So, I serve not every body. But what ●er●ice is this? Heretofore, when I was in great esteem, I was not so much observed, and reverenced of every body, as I am at this present, by all Caesar's friends, except only by this man. Whereof me thinks I make great v●e, in that I cannot tolerate such an one; more pestilent, than his country itself ● And I think he took this h●rd conceit against me, because himself could have liked well of the praises, which Calves Licinius bestows upon me, after the manner of Hipponactes. But see, wherefore he is in choler with me; I undertook to defend the cause of Phamea, out of a desire to do him a favour: for he conversed with me very domestically: Now, he came to me, & told me, that the judge would hear his cause, presently on that day, when I was to sit in counsel about Publius Sextius. I answered him, that I was desirous to pleasure him; but that it was not possible: and upon any other day, when he thought good, I would not fail him. He, knowing that he had a Nephew, which played sweetly, and sang very well, departed from me, so far as I could perceive, half angry. You may see the nature then, of these Sardi: they are like those which are sold in the open ma●ket place, one worse, than another. You have heard my reason's, and the fume of this Sala●on. Send to me your Cato, I desire to read it. It's a shame for us both, that I have not yet read it. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Fabius. Gallus. Ep. 25.  
Grieve not that I rend your letter; for I have kept it; and you may have it, when you will. I thank you for advertising me; and I pray you to advertise me continually: For you seem to fear, that if we have other superior, than this man, our joy, may change into mourning. But do you not see, that the Master comes, sooner than we thought? we must lay down the pencil: to the end that the praises given by us to Cato, turn not to our prejudice. Be assured my Gallus, that, that part of your letter, could not have been set down more to the purpose; where you say, o●her things are transitory. Hear this in secret: keep it to your s●lfe: tell it not to Appella your freeman: no man writes after this manner, but we two. I do not say, well, or ill; suffice it, that no man writes as we do: prosecute then your style, and never give it over. For 'tis that, which teacheth us ●o speak well●; and I begin to spend therein also a part of the night. Farewell.   

Cicero to Gallus. Ep. 26.  
Having now been ten days grievously sick of the colic, and not being able to persuade them, that would have employed me, that I was ill; having no fever. I slept away to Tuscula●um: where finding myself very weary of that infirmity, especially having continued two days without tasting a drop of water, or any thing else: I thought that you should rather have a care of of me, than I of you. I use to be greatly afraid of all diseases; but most of that, for which the Stoics reprehend your Epicurus, hearing him say, that the difficulty of urine, and of the bloody Flix, disturbed the peace of his mind. One of which diseases is thought to proceed from superfluity of meats; and the other by a more dishonest occasion: I doubted much in the beginning, lea●t it would have been a Flux: but it seems I received good by change of air: or peradventure, because I have freed my mind of many cares; for, this ●uill was already in declination. Nevertheless because you shall not wonder, from whence this disease grows, and from what disorders: the law upon expenses, which seems to have brought continency, made me err. For while these gallants, who are curious in their meats, begin to bring into reputation those things, that spring out of the earth, which are exempted from the l●w; th●y season mush●oanes; and little, and all sorts o● herbs; with so gre●t Art, that better cannot be ●aten. Having therefore eaten thereof in Lentulus' ho●se; a cruel Flux came upon me, which hath h●ld me till now: and so I that easily refrained from Oysters, and Lampreys, I have been deceived; by what? by Beets, and Mallows. Hereafter therefore we'll look better to it. But it had been your part, having understood it by Anitius, who saw me vomiting; not only to send, but to have come, and seen me. I make account to stay here, wh●le I recover my dissipated forces. But if I can rid myself of the disease, I hope easily to recover them. Farewell.   

Cicero to Gallus. Ep. 27.  
I Know not wherefore you complain of me● having no occasion: & though you h●d, yet should you not complain. Y●u write, that when I was Consul, I made use of you; and that Caesar will restore you, into your country. You speak it too confidently; but none believes you. You add, that you demanded the Tribuneship for my sake. I would you had been always Tribune. For you should not have been to seek of an Intercessor. Afterwards, you sting me, saying, th●t I dare not speak ●r●ely; as if I had not freely answered you, when you immodestly entreated me. This I write unto you, to giu● you to understand, that in these qu●●kes of wit, in which you suppose your sel●e, to be some body; you deserve no commendation. But if you had mildly complained of me; willingly, & as pleasingly I would have justified myself. I dislike not what you have done, but what you have written. And I wonder much, that you should not esteem me a free man, having preserved others liberty. But if the things were false, which you, as you say, laid open to me: what am I bound to you for it? if true● you may be a sufficient testimony, how much the people of Rome, are bound unto me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Curius. Epist. 28.  
I Remember, I thought you heretofore not ver●e wise, in ●hat you wou●d live rather there ●h●● with us: for ●he situation of this City, when it was a City, was more conformable to your affable and sweet nature: then all Pelopo●nesus, therefore far more than Patrae. Now chose, it appears unto me, that you were very circumspect; when, seeing no remedy for the matters of Rome, you went into Graecia: and that you are at this present not only wise, in being far from hencel but also happy. Though now a days, who can be happy that knows any thing? But as you are gone into a part, where you here not the iniquities that are here committed; so have I found out another means not ●o hear them. For, since I betook myself to my friends that come to visit me: who for this cause also, come hither oftener than they were wont; for they think they see a white bird, when they see a good Citizen; I retire me to my Library. From whence I compile works, that peradventure will please you. For I once understood, that you reprehending my affliction; said, that you perceived not in me that greatness of mind, which my Book inferred. But as in that time, I mourned for the Commonwealth: which not only for her benefits towards me, but also for mine towards her, was very dear unto me: so now, though not only reason comforte●h me, which is of great force, but also time, which impaireth grief, even in fools; yet I lament, that common liberty is so lost, that no hope remains, to regain it. Neither hitherto can we complain of him, that governs all things, (except peradventure this be his offence) but Fortune hath been in fault for some things; and for some, ourselves also. So that we must not grieve for that which is past. As for that, that is to come, I see no hope at all. Whereupon I return where I began. You were wise, if judgement; happy, if fortune caused your departure. Farewell.   

Manius Curius, to Cicero his Master. Epist. 29.  
FOR, though Atticus bought me, you enjoy me: so ●hat the fruit is yours, and the possession his: which, if 〈◊〉 would sell, he could find but a little for it. But what think you of the testimony I make, wheresoever I come? By saying, that I acknowledge all my good from you; that I liu●; that I have; that I am in any esteem? Wherefore my Cicero persever constantly in preserving me, and commencing me, especially to Sulpitius your successor: that I may the more easily obey your precepts, and see you at Rome, to my great contentment; and more commodiously carry my things from hence, and convey them with me. But show not this letter to Atticus. Let him believe, that I am an honest man, and that I use not to gratify two men with one thing. Be careful therefore good Patron, to maintain your health: and salute my Tiro in our behalf, The xxix. of October.   

Cicero to Curius. Epist. 30.  
NOW I neither persuade, nor entreat you to return home: nay, and I also desire to departed, and arrive in some quarter, where I may not hear the name, nor the works o● the children of Pelops. You will not believe what blame I think myself worthy of, f●r being present at these things. You seem to have foreseen long be●ore, what would ensue, when you departed from hence. For though these things be also bitter to hear; yet ●o hear, is more tolerable than ●o see ●hem. You were not in Campus Mar●ius, when, at two a clock, the people being to be assembled, for the creation of Quaestors, Quintus M●ximu● his seat was placed, whom ●hey nominated Consul: but his death being understood, his seat was carried away: and Caes●r, leaving the creation of Quaestors, created a Consul, who was to hold his Magistratic, from seven a clock, till ●he Calends of Ianu●●ie, wh●ch were on the morning of the day following. So that, all the while Caninius was Consul, no man dined; neither was ●here any hurt done. For he was so vigilant, that he never slept in all his Consulship. You think these things worthy the ●●u●hing at: because you are not here: but if you were, you would not forbear tears. And what if I should write unto you of further matters? For there are an infinite company of such like: the which doubtless I could not endure, if I had not retired myself into the Port of Philosophy; and had our Atti●us, for a companion in my studies. To whom, seeing you wri●e, that the possession and power of your person belongs, and to me to employ, and enjoy you: I am content therewith. For then a thing is possessed, when a man enjoys, and useth it. But of this, at some other time, I'll write more at large. Acilius who was sent into Greece with an army, is much obliged to me: For in the better times of the Commonwealth, I defended him twice, in cases of high importance. And he is a thankful man, and does me great honour. I have written exactly, this fastened l●tter, in your favours which when he receiveth, what o●fers he makes you, I would be glad to understand. Farewell.   

Cicero to Curio. Epist. 13.  
BY your letters I easily comprehend two things, which I have always desired: one, that you greatly esteem me; another, that you know yourself beloved of me: Let's therefore contend in courtesies one to ●nother; wherein, whosoever remains superior, I shall be equally satisfied. I am glad that it was not necessary ●o deliver my letter to Acilius. I see you have had no great need of the Sulpicius offices; because your matters were so shefled up together, that they have as you write, neither hands nor feet. I would they had their feet, to the end that you might once return, because you see, that those witty and ingenious mottoes, so long in use, are every day more and more decaying, if we few, preserve not the ancient Attic glory: as Pomponius, who next to you, in promptness of witty sayings, is the chiefest; and I after him, might deservedly say. Come therefore, I pray you, to the end that the seed of witty jests may not be destroyed, as the Commonwealeh is extinguished. Farewell.   

Cicero to Volumnius. Epist. 32.  
BEcause familiarly, as you should, you have written unto me, without your forename: first, I was in doubt, whether the Senator Volumnius with whom I entertain great friendship, wrote unto me; Afterwards, the witty conceits of the letter made me think that it was yours. In which letter every thing gave me great contentments but this; ●hat you do with little diligence defend the possession of my essays: writing to me, that after my departure all the sayings, even to those of Sextius, are attributed to me. Do you then suffer it? do not you defend me? I thought I had left my mottoes so signed, ●hat they might have been discerned from others. But seeing in Ro●e is such ignorance, ●hat no saying is so unproper, that appears not wit●y unto some man: I entreat you, by the love you bear me, if there be not some pregnant conceit in those, which julius in my second book of the Orator, produceth, that you will affirm all the rest not to be none of mine, offering to wager against him, that will not believe it. Whereas you complain of the judgements, I care much less, let the worst en●ue that may of all defendants. Let Selius also be so eloquent, that he can make men believe that he is Free borne, I care not much. But I pray, let us defend with all ou● power, the possession of graceful witty passages. Wherein I only prefer you [and] contemn all others. You think that I ●est with you? Now I see you have wit. But speaking in good earnest, your letters appeared to me very elegant. And though they should be, as they were ridiculous. Yet did not I laugh: Because I would, that our friend should govern himself, with all wisdom, both for his own respect; (for I love him well, as you know) as also for the Commonwealth; which though she be ingrate towards me, nevertheless, I cannot forbear to love her. Now my Volumnius, seeing you have begun; and that you find you are dear unto me, write unto me often of the affairs of Rome, and of the Commonwealth. I take great pleasure to read your letters. Besides this, though Dolob●●●a be very desirous to do me any pleasure, and bears me entire affection; yet exhort him to persevere in his good will; & work so, that he may be wholly mine. I use unto you all importunity herein, & yet am not satisfied. Neither doth this grow, because I doubt; but because I desire it beyond measure. Farewell.   

Cicero to Volumnius. Epist. 33.  
THough you are not now here, when we exercise ourselves in declaiming; yet have you no prejudice thereby. Neither need you envy Hirtius; as you write you should do, if you loved him not. Except you would envy him, rather for his eloquence, then for hearing my disputations. For, my sweet Volumnius, I am of no worth; and if I be worth any thing, yet I hate myself, having lost those companions, for whose sake, you held me happy. And though otherwhiles, I published something worthy my name; now I lament, that these my darts were thrown, not against armed men; but against birds, as Philoctetes saith in At●ius, ●aring no more for glory. But yet I shall be merry, if you come; though, you shall come in the very height of occupations. From which, if I can free myself, I will leave these businesses, to live with you and our common frend●. For your Cassius, and our Dolabella, (though both th'one, and other, may be termed ours) attend also to the same studies: & I give ear unto them willingly. Here we have need, of your so exquisite, and perfect a judgement, and of that your so profound knowledge; so that many times, it makes me reserved in my speech. I am constantly resolved, if Caesar will, to lay aside hereafter that person, wherein I have many times given him satisfaction, and to shut myself up in studies, ●o enjoy an honest vacancy, together with you, and others, that have a desire to understand. I would not have had you to doubt, that your letters would have annoyed me, i● they had, as you write, been long; for, I assure you, the longer, the more acceptable. Farewell.    

THE EIGHTH BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 1.  
AT my departure, I promised to write diligently to you, of all things that should fall ou● in R●me. Whereupon I have collected every flying news so particularly, as I fear, lest this my ●oo affected diligence, hath exceeded those bounds, beyond which it grows irksome. Although I know, how curious you, and how glad they, that be far from their Country are, to understand every little matter that occurreth. Nevertheless, I earnestly entreat you, to hold me for a man, that sets not too much by himself, though the pains be not mine, but committed to others: not because, it is not pleasing unto me, to be often mindful of you: notwithstanding all my employments, and natural slothfulness, in writing to my friends, which you are privy to. But the profundity of the book, which I send vn●o you, will easily, as I suppose, excuse me. I know no man so discharged of business, that could completely, not only no● have written all things therein contained; but not so much as have observed them. You shall there see, all the decrees of the Senate, all the Edicts, all the Comedies, even to the vulgar tales th●t a●e dispersed. And if peradventure such aduer●isments please you not, let me know it● that hereafter I disturb you no more, at my charge. Important affairs of the Commonwealth occurring, that ●hese mercenary writers cannot display in that manner, as were requisite; I will write them: and give you notice, both of that which hath happened, and of the judgement that afterward passed thereof, and what is therein expected. Now, at this present, there is nothing in hand, of any moment● There is a report spread, as far as C●ma only, and no further, about those conventions of people beyond Poe; at my return to Rome, I heard no body speak a word of it. Withal, Marcellus propounded not in the Senate, that there should a new governor be sent into the Galliae. He told me, that in the Calends of june, he would propound it. But certainly, he came very much short of that fervency, which he showed, when we were both in Rome. I would be glad to know, if you have found Pompeius, as you desired: what your opinion of him is? what discourses you have had? and what mind, and resolution it seems to you, I will not say, that he hath, but what he makes s●ew to have? For, he useth to speak one thing, and reserve in his mind to do another. Although he is not of so circumspect a wit, that he can so disguise his thoughts, that they may not outwardly appear. Of Caesar, there is every moment some ill news: but nothing verified. True it is, there is great muttering. One says, he hath lo●t his cavalry: which I take to be most true: Another affirms, that his seventh legion was discomfited, and that the Bellouaci have closed up the passage, that he cannot return to the other people. And though the●e be no certainty; nevertheless, not being contraried; the vulgar speak thereof: and some, who you know, withdraw themselves to reason together: and I can tell you, that by this time, Domitius lays his hand on his mouth. On the 13. of May, a rumour was raised by the men of news, at penniless Bench, that you were dead: which returneth upon his head, that dispersed it: so that over all Rome, a report was divulged, that you were slain on your journey, by Quintus Pompeius. ay, that know how Quintus Pompeius is at Bauli, in so great misery, that he maintains his life, by carrying men for hire; was not much moved thereat, and I desired, that all perils that may accrue to you might prove like to this. Your Plancus is at Ravenna, and though Caesar gave him a great present, yet is he not in prosperous estate, nor furnished, as it were requisite. Your books, wherein you frame the state of an excellent Common wealth, are read of every one with admiration. Farewell.   

Marcus Caelius to Cicero. Epist. 2.  
WEll, he is absolved. I was there when his absolution was published, and that not only by one part of the three, which are to judge; but by them all: and by all sentences he is absolved. Oh! will you say; speak you in good earnest? 'tis as I tell you. None would have believed it, and it seems a thing very strange. ay, who greatly desired, for the amity betwixt us, his absolution, rather prepared myself to condole with him: but seeing sentence past, in his favour, I was altogether astonished, & it seemed to me a miracle: Then imagine, what it seemed to others. With great exclamations the judges replied, showing evidently, that it was not a thing to be supported. Whereupon, though he be ●ree'd by the Law Licinia, he seems to be fallen into a greater danger. Withal, the day after the said absolution, Hortensius presented himself in Curio's Theatre, as I think to be seen, and because we should rejoice with him in his joys. But, as many as were there, began to ●rample, roar, to make a thundering, to cry out, and keep a buzzing: which was the more observed, because Hortensius was come to old age, without ever having been whistled at● But on that day, he was so sound handled, as it might suffice any man, for all the days of his life. Of the Commonwealth, I can write nothing to you. Marcellus eruptions are pacified; not out of neglect, but in my opinion, for some secret respects. Of the creation of Consuls, not knowing the time, I can give you no certain advertisement. Marcus Octavius, son to Cneius, and Caius Hirrus, are competitors with me, in the petition for the Aedileship: the one is really noble; the other pretends to be noble, but is not. I was desirous to write this, to put you into greater expectation of the issue, hearing that Hirrus is my concurrent. Nevertheless as soon as you are advertised of my creation, I pray, remember the Panther's, and to procure Sitius to pay me. I gave to Lucius Castrinius Paeto, the first volume of the matters of Rome; the second, to him that brings you these. Farewell.   

Marcus Caelius to Cicero. Epist. 3.  
WHat will you say now? do I not write unto you? do I not quite contrary to that you said? Yes certainly, so that my letters come to your hands. And in this, my diligence is the greater; because when I have time to spare, I cannot have a better recreation. When you were in Rome, and I had no business, I used to come, with great contentment to your house, and to pass the hours with you, in sundry discourses. I would I could now do so? for in truth, since your departure, me thinks I am not only left alone, but that Rome remains void. And whereas before many times (such was my negligence) I let slip many days without coming to see you. Now in conclusion, I am ready to tear myself with my ●eeth, because I cannot be every day with you. But Hirrus my competitor is the greatest cause, that I desire you, day and night. Oh! if you knew, how this your concurrent in the Augurship, is vexed; and feigns not to see, that my plots take better effect, than his: of which I desire you may be advertised, for in truth, you would wish it more for your own respect, than mine. For if I remain A●dile; it may so be, that I shall be created, with some rich associate: But if Hirrus get it not, we shall have such sport, at his repulse, that for all the time of our life, we shall never want matter to laugh at. May this be? so 'tis certainly. Neither can Marcus Octavius in any sort pacify their hatreds, that are opposite to Hirrus, who are many. As for Milo's goods: I have so wrought, that Philotimus your wife's freeman hath restored them to his kindred; 〈◊〉 have acknowledged herein his fidelity, and love, giving him in reward of his service, as much, as you set down. Now, it remains, that I entreat you, that if you have spare time, as I hope you shall, to direct unto me some work: that by this I may know, you are mindful of me. Questionless you'll say; your request is not foolish, but how came this into your mind? I would, that among so many compositions of yours, some one might come to light, which might also be a testimony to posterity, of our friendship. For the quality of the work, I refer it to you: for you having all knowledge, can best determine of the subject: In general I tell you, th●t I desire a thing, which may be fit me, and that it may be replenished with documents; to give men occasion, more willingly to read it. Farewell.   

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 4.  
I Envy you, because you have every day so great news, as makes you wonder: first, that Marcus Messalla, was absolu●d, and afterwards condemned: that Caius Marce●lus remains Consul: that Marius Calidiu● after his repulse, was accused by Marcus Gallius, and Quintus Gallius, brethren: that Publius Dolabella is one of the fifteen. But I envy you not, because you did not see, how many colours came into Lentulus Crusc●llus countenance, when he had the repulse. For certainly there was never a more delight some thing to behold: and peradventure he thought it would not so have passed with him: and Dolabella himself had little hope thereof. But if our Gentlemen had not had their eyes open; undoubtedly, he had overcome his suit: and his opposite would almost voluntarily, have given over the enterprise. I do not think you wonder, that Servius, chosen Tribune of the people, should be condemned. Whose place Curio hath demanded: and in their hearts, who know not his gentle disposition, he hath imprinted a strange fear. But as I hope, and desire, and as he makes show, he will not start an inch from the Senate; nor from the party of good men: he is now wholly for this. And that he took upon him such a resolution, Caesar was the occasion, who not using to respect money for the obliging of every man to him, how base soever he were; seemed to make little reckoning of him. Wherein I think, as also by others he hath been advertised, that a matter of pleasant admiration ensued, Curio who ever before had carried himself inconsiderately, having used all his wit, and cunning, to frustrate their designs, which made opposition to him in his Tribunship: I speak of the Laelij, Antoniuses, and other bragadoshis. I deferred to write unto you, because the creation of Magistrates hanging in suspense, I was enforced continually, to attend unto negotiations: and partly I was desirous to tarry the end; that so I might advertise you of every thing; and supposing they would presently be dispatched, I expected till the first of August. The creation of the Praetors, was prolonged, through certain impediments. I know not how favourable fortune will be to me, in the creation of the Aediles Curules. It is true, that in that of the Aediles of the people, manifest signs appeared more in favour of me, than Hirrus. Of Marcus Caelius Vicinianus I have no fear. You know how we made a scoff of him, when he said, that he would put on for the creation of a Dictator. The fool propounded it, and remained vilified: and many cries were heard against him. The same people afterwards seemed to have an extreme desire of Hirrus: I say to pleasure him over the shoulders. I hope 'twill not be long, ere you understand that from me, which you expect, and that of him, which I durst scarcely hope for. As for the state of the Commonwealth, we did not hitherto look for any new matter. But the one and twentieth of july, the Senate being assembled in the temple of Apollo, and debating of the stipend that should be given to Pompeius, there was speech also of those soldiers, which formerly Pompeius had lent Caesar: how many they were; and how many they should be: so that Pompeius being overcome by a continual importunity, that some ill tongued follows made to him, was urged to say, that by all means he would call back the said soldiers out of Gallia. Afterwards he was demanded his opinion, about sending a successor to Caesar: who replied that generally the matter of the Provinces, should be put off till the said Pompey's return: who was to go to Ariminum, to the Army: and presently he went thither. I think it will be treated of, on the twenty-three. of August: and without doubt, something will either be concluded, or some Tribune shall be nominated, that will not refuse the charge. But such an one will be blamed, because Pompeius in consultatation hath said, that it were fit, that every one should obey the Senate. Nevertheless, I am certain, that nothing will be done, se●ing paulus elected Consul, shall be the first to deliver his opinion. I am v●ry careful to put you in mind, that you will procure me to be paid by Sitius; desiring to let you know, that it greatly imports me. In like manner; for the Panthers I pray yo● deal with the Cybiratae, and when they are ready, cause them to be conveyed to me. Besides this, it is understood, and held for certain, that the King of Alexandria is dead. I pray, advertise me diligently, what you would council me to do; how that kingdom stands; and who hath taken upon him the government thereof. The first of August. Farewell.   

Marcus Coelius, to Cicero. Epist. 5.  
I Know not what your mind is, about the peace of your Province, and the country's adjacent. Certainly I stand in great doubt thereof: For, if we could order the matter so, that the greatness of the war, might not exceed the forces of your Army; and that we might obtain so much victory, as might serve to get the triumph; and that we might avoid that dangerous, and terrible battle: great would our happiness be. Now, if the Parthians stir at all, I know there will be no small matters to do; and your army is scarce able to defend a Passage. But none considers ●his: but 'tis rather thought, that a governor of a Province, as you are, is bound to provide whatsoever is necessary: supposing that he may do i● sufficiently. Whereunto may be added; that I cannot see, that you are to have a successor sent you, by reason of the controversy ●isen, about ●ending one into Gallia. And though I think you have already taken some course therein; nevertheless, to give you occasion the ra●her to intend it, I thought good to advertise you, how the matter is like to hang in suspense. You know the ordinary accidents: the Senate will determine of the Gall's: A Tribune will come, that will be opposed: then another sha●l be propounded; who, if the Senate be not permitted, to send a governor into any Province whatsoever; will likewise hinder the expedition of other Provinces. And ●hus trifling; this dance will last so long, that for two years no effect will ensue. If there were any thing new, about the Commonwealth, I would not fail according to my custom, to write diligently unto you, both what were done, and what I expected would succeed. It seems that the opposition of these Provinces, slacken the course of other businesses. M●rc●llus makes all instance for it, as he hath ever done, but for all the diligence he useth: he cannot draw a full counsel to set thereon. And, if after this year Curio enter into the Tribuneship, and there be also treating of the Provinces. I know you well perceive, how easy it will be then to cross every thing, and what strife will by Caesar, and those that favour his cause, and not that of the Commonwealth; be introduced. Farewell.   

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 6.  
I Know certainly you have understood, how Appius was accused by Dolabella; but not with that popular disgrace, which I expected. For Appius did not like a fool; but presently when Dolabella came before the Tribunal, he went into Rome, and gave over demanding Triumph: by which he silenced what was spoken of him, and showed himself more expert, than his accuser looked for. Now he hath great hope in you. I know you are rather a friend to him then otherwise: this is an occasion to bind him to you, as long as you list: and, if some enmity had not fallen ou● betwixt you, you might now at your pleasure help him; but, if you be so rigorous to handle him as he deserves: I can tell you, many will think, that you have not concealed your wrath, with that purity of mind, which is expected from a sincere, and faithful man. And on the contrary; If you ●auour him, none can say, that you had respect to the inward Amity, that you have held with D●labella. I will not forbear to certify you, that Dolabella's wife departed from him, at the same time, when Appius was accused by him. I remember that, which you said to me, when you departed: and I suppose you carry in mind that which I wrote unto you. It is now no time to write, more at large: only I would admonish you, that if the course dislike you not, yet show no sign of your inclination, while you see, what success he hath in this cause: to the end that the matter being known, you incur not some blame: and assuredly, if you manifest yourself, it will neither be with your praise, nor profit; and he cannot conceal it, for the conveniency of the thing, conformable to his hope; and because in the present enterprise, it will augment his reputation, especially he being a man, that though he knew it would draw some extreme hurt upon him if he spoke thereof, yet could he hardly krepe it secret. It is said that Pompeius is very favourable to Appius, so that men think, he will send one of his sons to speak to you. Here, we absolve every body. And certainly here have been some of the wickedest, and most dishonest things passed, that can be imagined. Yet we have Consuls that are so vigilant, that hitherto they could pass no decree, but one, upon the sacrifice, which ordinarily is made on Mount Albanu●. Our Curio is cold in his Tribuneship as Ice, and I cannot possibly give you to understand, how every one here, stands with their hands at their girdle. If I had not found something to do, with hosts, and watermen, a great lethargy would have ceased upon all Rome. And, if the Parthians set not you one heat in those parts, we shall still be colder, and colder. Nevertheless, whatsoever our sleep be now, I would be loath the Parthians should awake us. It is said that Bibulus encountered with the enemy, on Mount Ama●us; and that he hath lost, I know not how many companies of soldiers. I told you Curio was as cold as Ice; now, I tell you, he begins to be heated, and so toils himself, that he is inflamed. For when he saw he could not obtain time to pay his debts, he played a pretty prank: he is gone from the Senate's side, to the people, and hath undertaken to speak in savour of Caesar. Besides he hath diuulged, how he determines, to enact a law upon the ways, not unlike to that of Rullus, about the division of ground; and another upon meats: conformable to which the Aediles must bear themselves: which yet he had not done, when I wrote the first part of this present epistle. Be pleased to interest me in Appius favour, by this occasion of assisting him; and as for Dolabella, I advice you to let the matter hang doubtful, both in respect of the same Appius; as also for your honour; and not to bring you into ill opinion with men. It is, and will be your disgrace, if I have not Panthers out of Graecia. Farewell.   

Marcus Caelius to Cicero Epist. 7.  
I Know not how soon you desire, to depart from thence; I desire it, the rather, because hitherto the war of the Parthians, hath ●allen out well with you, for which, while you remain there, I shall be perplexed, fearing lest some sinister accident may disturb my joy. I write briefly, because the messenger, who carries the Taxe-masters letters, hastens his departure. Yesterday by your Freeman, I wrote at large. There is no news: except I should write these, which undoubtedly you desire. Cornificius, the young man, hath concluded a marriage with the daughter of Orestilla. Paulla Valeria, sister ●o Triarius, without any occasion broke off the marriage, on the day that her husband, should have arrived o●t of the Province. She is to be mar●●ed to Decimus Brutus, but yet they h●ue not published the matrimony. Many incredible matters of this nature, ●●ue happened. Servius Ocella, could never make men believe, that he was an adulterer, but that in less th●n three days, he was taken twice in ●he act. Shall I tell you where? where certainly I would not. I'll give you leave to ask of some o●her. Neither do I dislike, that an Imperator, be inquisitive, who hath been discovered, and wi●h what woman. Farewell.   

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 8.  
THough I have to write unto you, about the state of the Commonwealth: yet I am persuaded, there's nothing will like you better than this. Understand, that Caius Sempronius Rufu●, and Rufus in effect, who was won● to be your Honey, and Darling; was convinced with great scorn, for a false accuser, Will you know in what matter? After the Roman sports, he accused Marcus Tu●ius, his accuser, as a man ●hat had committed violence. And this he did out of malice; seeing, that he was constrained to defend himself, before the judges of this year, except some extraordinary accident were enterposed. And he knew very well, what would ensue thereon. This presentation he would not put up against others, but only against his accuser. And, although he had none, that would subscribe to the accusation, yet he came before the Tribunal, and accused him. Which being heard, I presently ran, to present myself, in defence of the accused● not attending to be otherwise invited thereunto. I came before them: I spoke nothing of ●he cause: I bent all my speech against S●m●ro●ius, wresting ●uen that fiction to my purpose, which he, for the inuries he had done ●o nestorius', had alleged: that, for you ●●k● he would be conte●t, to be restored. An●ther cause is in hearing, o● no small moment. Marcus Servilius being absolutely broken; all his goods sold; and fallen into every man's dises●eeme; repaired to me for defence. And I alleging against Pausania his Creditor, that he might be satisfied by them, who had bought his goods; Laterensis the Praetor, accepted not of my defence: and Pilius, kinsman to your Atticus, having accused him, as a man that had imbezel'd moneys in the Province, presently a great arguing grew, and a voice was spread, that he should be condemned. Afterwards comes Appius the younger, driven, as it were, with a most violent wind of fear, lest Servilius should be left so bare, that he could not pay him 24. thousand Crowns, which he pretends to be due unto him by this right; that his father being accused by Servilius, & coming to an agreement with him, gave him the said sum; to the end, he should not proceed against him in worse matters. You wonder he should be so foolish. But you wou●d marvel mo●●, if you knew some other, his notable sopperies; and how his father confessed so infamous a crime to be true. He accepted of the same judges, which gave sentence against his Father. And the decrees being as many of the one part, as of ●he other, Lat●rensis, not knowing the Law, denounced that which each Bench had judged, and at last, according to the custom, said, I will record the absolution. Servilius was gone; and every man● thought he had been absolved: when the Praetor, taking the wri●ten Law in his hand, and having read the hundred and first head thereof, wherein were these formal words, Let the Praetor give sentence, according to the opinion of the greater part of the judges, he recorded not the absolution; but wrote, that of three orders, the Senatorian, Equestrian, and Plebeian; two h●d absolved, and not condemned him. Af●er this, Appius again importuning; he contracted with Lucius Lollius, and ●ayd, that he would register the absolution. And thus Servilius, neither absolved, nor condemned, but half defamed, must answer to Pilius imputations. Appius also himself would have accused him of such a misdemeanour: but having sworn him false accuser of his father, he durst not contend with Pilius, which of them two should plead against him. He was also accused by the Seruilij, as one that raked up money in the Province, by unlawful means: And besides this, by a certain friend of his, who was wont to be his instrument, in accusing of others, him●●lfe was accused of violence committed. They both hang well together. As for the state of the Commonwealth; the business of the Ga●●iae, hath crossed other businesses for m●ny days. But at last, after it had been diverse times debated of, and suspended, Pompey's pleasure being known, that the next March to come, Caesar should give over his go●uernment, the Senate passed a decree, which I send unto you. Which was subscribed unto, by the Senators, hereunder nominated. The last of Septemtember, in ●he Temple of Apollo, there were present, Lucius Domitius Aenobarbus, son to Cu●ius; Quinius Cicilius Me●ellus Pius Scipio, son to Quintus; Lu●ius vilius Annalis, son to Lucius, of the Tribe Potina; Caius Septi●●ius, son to Ti●us, of the Tribe Quirina; Caius Lu●ceius Hirrus, son to Caius, of the Tribe Pupinia; Caius Scribonius Curio, son to Caius, of the Tribe Popilia; L●cius Atteus Capito, son to Lucius, of the Tribe Aniensis; Marcus Opius, son to Marcus, of the Tribe Terentina. Marcus Marcellus, Consul having propounded the nomination of the Consular Provinces, the Senate enacted thereupon this present decree: That Lucius paulus, and Caius Marcellus, Consuls for the future year; on the Calends of March, which will be the first day of their Magistracy, should propound unto the Senate, the affairs of the Consular Provinces, and only propound it, omitting all other businesses: And that in this, they should not have respect to the ordinary impediment of those days, when the people are called to parliament: to the end that the decree may pass howsoever: and when they do this, they shall have ample authority, to l●t none of those Senators enter into counsel, which are in the number of the three hundred judges: and in case it be needful, to speak thereof, to the people, or Plebeians, that Seruiu● Sulp●●ius, and Marcus Marc●llus, Consuls for the present year, or the Praetors, or Trib●nes of the people, whether of them, they think good, shall take care to discharge this office: and if the forementioned will not do it, the Magistrates of the year following, shall not fail to perform it. A note of the Senators, which confirmed the decree. The last of September, in the Temple of Apollo, there were present, Lucius Domitius Aenobarbus, son to Cneius; Quintus Cicili●● Metellus Piu● Scipio, son to Quintus; Lucius vilius Annalis, son to Lucius, of the Tribe Pon●ina; Caius Sep●imius, son to Titus, of the Tribe Quirina; Caius Scribonius Curio, son to Caius, of the Tribe Pupinia; Lucius Atteius Capito, son to Lucius, of the Tribe Aniensis; and Marcus Oppi●●, son to Marcus, of the Tribe Tere●tina. Marcus Marcellus, Consul, having propounded the motion of the Provinces; the Senate censured, that none of those, that have power to hinder, or oppose, should put in any delay, that the Consuls might not presently propound to the Senate, and the Senate forthwith deliberate of things appertaining to the Commonwealth. Whosoever shall oppose; the Senate judgeth such an one, to have attempted against the Commonwealth. And if any resist the present decree; the Senate ordains, that his opinion be set down in writing, and be discussed of in the Senate, and in the presents of the people. To this decree, Caius Coelius, Lucius Vicinius, Publius Cornelius, and Caius Vibius P●nsa, opposed themselves. Besides, it hath pleased the Senate, concerning the Soldiers that were in Caius Caesar's army; that, of such of th●m, as had finished the term of their service, or had any just occasion to give over their entertainment, the Senate might be informed, that their reasons may be considered. If any man resist this decree, the Senate's pleasure is, that his mind be put in writing, and that the matter be propounded to the Senate and people. This decree Caius Coelius, and Caius Pans●, Tribunes of the people, withstood. And besides this; the Senate's pleasure is, that the next year, the Praetors of the year present be sent, into the Province of Cilicia, and into the other eight Provinces, which are governed by those that have been Praetors; and that they that are sent, shall be sent by lot; and if these be not so many as may suffice, that Praetors be chosen out by lot, of the next precedent years, which have not been in government; and that they be sent by lot, to the government of the said Provinces. And if there be not so many of these, as may be sufficient; that one after another, the Praetors of the immediate next years cast lots, that have not been deputed to government; and let this be so long done, while the number of them is made up, which are to be sent, to the government of the Provinces. If any oppose this decree, let his mind be specified in writing to the Senate. This decree, Caius Coe●ius, and Caius Pansa, Tribunes of the people, opposed. Moreover, it was observed by those words of Cneius Pompeius, and great hopes thereby was conceived, that he could not without injustice, determine of Caesar's provinces, be●ore the Calends of March: but that after the Calends, he would think thereupon: And being demanded, what if any man should then oppose? he answered; that it should be as much as if Caesar should suborn one, not to suffer the Senate to deliberate; as if openly he should deny to obey it. And what if he, (said another) would be Consul, and keep the Army too? he replied, free from choler. What if my son, would give me the bastanado? By these words it was collected, that Pompeie, and Caesar were not of accord. Whereupon, Caesar, as I perceive, will now descend to one of these two conditions; either to remain in the government of the Gauls, and so being absent he cannot demand the Consulship: or else obtaining it, he will depart. Curio sets himself wholly against him. I know not what he can do. But I see, that he aims at a good end, and therefore cannot be ruinated. He shows me great courtesy. But the present he made me, will redound to my loss. For if he had not given me those Panthers, which were brought out of Africa, for his sports; peradventure I had never entered into this dance. But seeing I am entered, and that I must celebrate my sports: I put you in mind of that, which so often I have written; that you'll procure me some Beast, from those parts. And I commend unto you the credit I have with Sitius. I have sent Philo thither my freeman, and Diogenes Graecus: who will speak to you in my name, and deliver you my letters. I recommend them both unto you, and the cause for which I sent them: the which, how much it imports me, you shall see in the letters, that they shall present you. Farewell.   

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 9  
Do you think that Hirrus remained scorned? but you do not well know all. For if you knew how easily, and with how little pains I put him down, you would blush; calling to mind, how he was sometimes so impudent as to concur with you. And after this repulse, he laughs with every man: to counterfeit a good Citizen, he speaks against Caesar: he blames the Senate, for being so slack to deliberate: he follows Curio with ill words: what needs more? this repulse hath made him change nature. Besides this; though he never appeared in the Forum, and hath little practice in pleading: yet is there not a more courteous advocate than he. He entertains and follows every cause, but seldom after noon. I wrote unto you, that on the xiii. of August, the matter of the Provinces would be determined: but because Marcellus chosen Consul for the year following, was of another opinion, it is put over to the first of September. The Consuls were so far from doing any thing else, that they could not bring many Senators to Counsel. I sent not these, before to day, which is the second of September: and hitherto no course at all is taken. For any thing I see● this cause will be deferred ti●l the next year: and so far as I conceive, you must leave one in the government of the Province. For otherwise exchange cannot be made; se●ing it cannot be resolved, that a new governor should be sent into the Galli●; which must needs stand in the same condition, that other Provinces do. Of this I make no doubt: and I meant to write to you thereof, that you might know how to dispose of yourself. Almost in every letter I write unto you of the Panthers. It will be l●ttle credit to you, that Patiscus should send ten to Curio, and that you should not send me many more. Curio gave me those ten, with other ten beside, which he had out of Afri●a: to the end, you m●y not suppose, that he can only give possessions. You may h●ue as many as you will, so you will be mindful, in sending to call for those Cybiratae; and writing into Pam●hilia, where they say a number are taken: and I importune you more now, then usually, for I determine to solemnize my spo●ts separate from my Colleague. For my sake, strain your nature a little: use diligence herein. You were wont to be pleased, as well as myself; to have but fe● businesses; now, you shall h●ue no ●urther trouble, then to speak, that is to command, and give in charge. For when they are taken, you may leave the ca●e of keeping and conducting them, to those men, whom I have sent, to recover my debt of Si●ius. And peradventure if you put me in hope of having them, I will send others for the same purpose. Marcus Fe●idius, a Roman knight comes in those parts for his occasions. He is an honest young man, vali●nt, and son to a friend of mine. I recommend him to you, and entreat you to repute him in the number of your friends. He hath certain land in your Province, which pays part of the increase. He would by your favour be freed from this imposition. Which thing is both easy, and honest for you to grant him: and you shall bestow a benefit, upon men grateful, mindful, and replenished with bounty. I would not have you think, that Favonius hath not had their favour, who sell their voices at a price, but he found none of the better sort of Citizens favourable to him. Your Pompeius says openly, that he will never permit, that Caesar shall hold his Province, with an Army and be Consul: nevertheless, he gave council, that the Senate should not for the present, enter into any other deliberation; and ●hat Scipio, should be expected to deliver his opinion thereof, the first of March: and that then the matter should be propounded in the Senate, and that nothing else should be done, before this be ended. Which opinion daunted Balbus Cornelius, and I know he complained thereof to Scipio. Calidius in defending himself, was most eloquent, in accusing another, rather cold then otherwise. Farewell.   

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 10.  
WE were much grieved a● the news, which by the letters of Caius Cassius, and King Deiotarus, we understood. Cassius writes, that the Parthian soldiers have passed Euphrates: Deiotarus, that they came into our Province, by the country of the Comagens: There was none more vexed than myself, and that for your cause: knowing that you are ill provided in your Army, and fearing least this commotion, might cause some prejudice to your honour, for I should fear your life, if you had a greater Army. But because it is but little I imagine, you will not join battle, of which necessity, I know not what construction will be made. I cannot certainly, rid my mind of this care, till I understand that you are come into Italy. But this news of the Parthians passage, hath raised up diverse opinions. Some give counsel, to send Pompeius thither: others, that he should be retained at Rome: othersome, that Caesar should be sent with his Army: and others, that the Consuls should repair thither. But no man is of opinion, that this enterprise is to be committed to private Citizens. And the Consuls fearing lest, the Senate should send them, or confer this charge upon some other to their disgrace, use all means to prevent a session of the Senate. So as they appear not to be very careful, in the necessities of the Commonwealth. But this negligence, or cowardice, or fear, whether we may call it, is covered with reasonable pretexts, making show that they refuse the Province, out of modesty. Your letters are not yet arrived, and, if those of Deiotarus, had not come so suddenly, men were about to believe, that Cassius had feigned the Parthian war, and caused the Arabians to overrun his Province, to the end it might seem endamaged not by him, but by the enemy. Whereupon, by my advice, you shall write with diligence, and warily, how matters there pass: to the end it may not appear, that either you have followed any man's humour, or concealed any particular of importance. Now the year is at an end; for the xviij. of November, I wrote these presents, I see not how any thing can be concluded before january. You know how cold, and slow Marcellus is: and in like manner, how sl●ck● Servius is. What may you judge of these men? and how can you believe, they will do that which they have no mind unto, when they perform that which they affect, so coldly? for they seem to have no will thereunto. At the change of Magistrates, if the Parthian war proceed, this manage will spend the first months: but if there be no war there, or only the same; that you, or your successors, with the least succours sent, may prosecute it: I see Curio, will use all means; first to cross Caesa●● and then to assist Pompeius, in what soever thing he can; little, or great. paulus by lofty words, shows what a desire he hath to go into the Province. To whose ambition, our Furnius will oppose himself: touching others I know not what to think. I h●ue written to you, what I know. I cannot see, what else will happen. I see that time produceth many things, and that many daily are a framing: but they'll be all comprehended within these bounds. I will not for●et to certify you, how Curio sues for a division of the Campa● territory: It is said, Caesar cares little for it: but that Pompeius desires much, it should be divided: to the end that C●sar at his coming may not enjoy it. As for your departing out of the Province, I cannot promise you to obtain, that a successor may be sent you; but I assure you, your time shall not be prolonged. If in regard of the present war, the Senate enjoin you to remain there; and if you may not refuse it with your honour: you may take what course you think good: 'Tis sufficient for me, that I remember, with what vehemency at your departure, you entreated me, that I would not permit, the time of your office, to be prolonged. Farewell.   

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 11.  
YOur supplications procured no long, but great trouble; there was a strange obstacle interposed itself: For Curio your loving friend, s●eing himself too unjustly cros● by the Consuls, that he could not treat of any thing with the people, gave to understand, that he would in no wise support, that a decree should pass in the matter of supplications; not to lose that, which through P●ullus fury, he had purchased: to the end it might never be said, that he had betrayed the people. Whereupon we accorded with the Consuls, that this year they should propound no other supplications to the Senate but yours; In truth, you must thank both the Consuls, but especially paulus: For Marcellus answered Curio, that he had no hope in these supplications: paulus said that for this year, he would not procure them for any other. It was told us that Hirrus would oppose vs● I sounded him: he was not only, not contrary unto us, but coming to the matter of the enemies: when he might easily have hindered the cause, if he had but demanded the number of the slain; he remained silent: only he said; he was content to be referred to what Cato had said: who had commended you, but yet not counselled, that your supplications should be granted. The like did Fa●●nius. So that having respect to the nature, and fashion of every one; you should thank the three forementioned, and Curio: them, because though they spoke not in your favour, yet they showed a good mind, and being able to offend you, entered into no opposition: Curio, because he interrupted the course of his own actions for your sake. Furnius, and Lentulus, as reason required, no otherwise, then as interessed in their own honour, joined heads with us. I may also praise myself, for the endeavour and friendly solicitation of Balbus Cornelius, who spoke effectually to Curio, affirming that if he did otherwise, he should wrong Caesar, and give him occasion to esteem him for a counterfeit friend. Domitius, and Scipio, who grudged: that you should have this honour, were notwithstanding assistant. Do you know the cause? because they thought the matter would never have passed: to whom Curi●, perceiving that in urging him to oppose, they solicited the effect, answered like an honest man; that he was not willing to contrary it, because he sawsome, who procured the supplications, would not have them take effect. A● for the state of the Commonwealth, they are yet indiscussing the business about the Provinces, neither do th●y treat of any thing else. It seems that Pompei●s, and the Senate are agreed together, that Caesar shall leave the Galliae, before the xiii of November. Curio is resolved to expose himself to any disaster, rather than suffer this: and hath given over all his other enterprises. But our friends, whose humour you well know, dare not come, to the trial. The some of all is this. Pompeius, to show that he labours not against Caesar, but constitutes that which he thinks to be but reason, saith, that Curio seeks to raise discords. But he will permit by no means, and feareth much, that Caesar will be elected Consul, before he have left the Army, and the Province. Curio treats him very crossly: and speaks hardly of his second Consulship. I conclude, that if the Senate extend the uttermost of their authority to suppres●e Curio, Caes●r will be de●ended: but if they fear, his resistance, as they make show, Caesar shall r●maine in his province as long as he will. What each man's opinion in the Senate was, you shall find it ●n the book, of such matters as passed in Rome. Wherein you may only read that, that you shall think worthy to be understood, and pass over many other toys, inserted therein to no purpose, especially of sports, obsequies, and other such like things. For I had rathe● err, in exposing to your understanding, that which ●ou desire not to know, then in omitting any thing, which was requisite to be understood. I am glad, you were mindful of my debt, with Sitius, but seeing you perceive them ●la●ke enough in observing their promise, I pray you to be careful of it, as mine Attorney. Farewell.   

Marcus Caelius to Cicero. Epist. 12.  
I Am ashamed to confess unto you the truth, and to complain of App●us, as ingrateful towards me●● as a man may be. For a●ter the receiving of many benefits from me, not being able to frame his avaricious nature, to requi●e me: he begins to bear me hatred, and hath stirred up war against me secretly. And yet not so secretly, but that, besides the being of it made known unto me by many, I myself perceived, that he bore a very bad mind towards m●. But after I found out, how he had wrought the College of Augurs, & spoken openly to som●, that he would order the matter with Domitius, who, so far as I perceive, is my great enemy, that Pompeius should accuse me; I could not, knowing him to be indebted to me for his life, frame my mind to entreat him, that he would not do me such an injury. But what did I? I spoke presently with some Friends, who were witnesses of my deserts towards him: And when I saw myself of so little esteem with him, that he would not vouchsafe to come unto me and excuse himself. I rather made choice to be beholding to Lucius Piso his Colleague, who as well ●or other respects, as for your sake, wished me ill; then to come before that Ape. Which, when he knew, being puf● up with choler, said, that I sought, to break with him: as if I took occasion, ●o● not being paid, to persecute him. Afterwards he forbore not to call unto him in public, Serui●s the accuser, and to plot with Domitius: and betwixt them three, finding no just cause to accuse me: they devised a way; but did not perceive, that they could not hurt me: and like insolent men took order, to call me to judgement, the last day of my Circensian sports, by the law Scantinca● Servius had scarcely made an end of speaking, when also by the same law, I call●d Appius the C●n●or in judgement. I never saw a matter betterfall out: For the people, and ●uery inferior man seemed to take so great satisfaction therein; that the aspersion of this made Appius more to grieve, than the accusation. After this I demanded a Chapel, which he had in his house● The long delay of this servant, hath much wronged me. For after I delivered him this, he stayed for the letters of more than ●ortie. I know not what to write; but you know that Domitius fears the day of hearing I expect you with great desire, and wish to see you presently. I pray you so grieve at my injuries, as you imagine I was wont both to be sorry for yours, and to revenge them. Farewell.   

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 13.  
I Am glad you have married your daughter to Dolabilla; who, in the conceit I have of him, is certainly a man of great goodness. For, what belongs to his other defects, by which hitherto, he hath got himself but little profit, they are now worn out, with his years. And if any yet remain, I assure myself, your conversation, your authority, and your daughter's modesty, will correct them. For, he is not obdurate in vices, neither wants he wit, to discern what is best Further, a great occasion of this joy, is the love I ●eare him Do you see, Cicero, how C●●io hath compassed his intents? For, his resistance being scanned in the Senate, as it was determined; and Marcus Marcellus persuading, that the Tribunes should be moved in it; the Senate would not consent thereunto. Pompeius hath now such a weak stomach, that almost nothing can be ●ound to please him. The Senate had decreed, that he who would not dismiss his army, & the provinces, could not stand for the Consulship: which, how it will please Pompeius, when he perceives, what will become of the Commonwealth, if he either cannot, or care not; I leave for you old, rich men to consider. Quintus Hortensius, when I wrote these, died. Farewell.   

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 14.  
IF you had taken the King of the Parthians, and vanquished the City of Seleucia, it were nothing, in respect of the being present at these things. Your eyes would never have pained you more, if you had but seen Domitius countenance, when he had the repulse for the Augureship. The contestation was great, each party having many favours. Few respected merit; every one assisted his kinsman, or friend. So that Domitius is my great enemy: insomuch, as he hates not that acquaintance of his, whom you wot of, as he doth me: and the rather, because he thinks he had wrong done him; and that I was the principal occasion of the injury. Now, he is stark mad, that men so rejoice at his cross, and that I was so favourable to Antonius. Afterwards, he accused Cneius Saturninus, the younger; one, questionless, for his life past, infamous. And now the issue of this trial is expected. And he conceives good hopes, because Sixtus Peducius was absolved. Concerning the sta●e of the Commonwealth, I have written many times to you, that I can yet discern no peace. And the more this controversy increaseth, further than is convenient, so much more imminent the danger appears. Pompeius is resolved, not to suffer Caius Caesar to be made Consul by any means, before he leaves the army, and the Provinces: upon which the chief of the City will contest, that Caesar, except he first give over his army, and the one, and other G●llia, shall not be created Consul. On the contrary, Caesar is of a constant opinion, that he leaving the army, his ruin will ensue. Yet he offers this condition, that both of them should leave off their army. And so, that love, and discommendable union, turns not into secret hatred; but to a manifest war. I know not what side to take, and I think for the same cause also, you will be much perplexed. For one part I love, and am beloved: in the other, I hate the opinions, not the men: and I think you know, that every one follows the more honest part, while they proceed without arms: But when they come to a war, the strongest; supposing that to be most honest, which is most secure in this discord: I see, that Cneius Pompeius will have the Senate and judges of his party; and to Caesar, all those will apply themselves, that live in fear, or with cold hopes. The armies will not be equal: but there will be time enough, to consider the forces of either part, and to choose the best. I had almost forgot to write one thing to you, which was not to be omitted. Know you, that Appius the Censor does miracles? Know you, that he abates the pomp of statues, and pictures? that he allots the measure of land? that he constrains debtors to pay? he thinks the Censorship, is either paste of bean-flower, or niter: but in my opinion, he is deceived: for, minding to purge himself of filthiness, he opens all his veins, and all his bowels. Run, I beseech you, for Gods and men's sake, and come quickly to laugh at these novelties; that Drusus is constituted judge of the accused, by the Scantinean Law: and Appius is about statues and pictures, I'll promise ye, you have cause to come in haste. 'Tis thought Curio hath done very wisely, in permitting a stipend to be given to Pompeius. To conclude, will you know, what I judge must fall out? If one of them go not against the Parthians, I see cruel discords will arise, which must be ended with the sword. Either of them hath a great mind, and great forces. If infinite danger had not therein concurred, Fortune had prepared for you, a great, and pleasant spectacle. Farewell.   

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 15.  
When did you ever see a more foolish man than Cneius Pompeius; who using to promise so many things, hath raised so many disorders? But when did you either read, or hear, of one more prompt, and courageous in an enterprise, than our Caesar, and more temperate after victory? But what will you say to this other thing? If you did but see our soldiers now, who have done nothing all the winter, but march in the rain, and wind, thorough difficult and cold places; you would think they had eaten of the most delicate apples, that could be gotten. Oh! will you say, you begin to glory in good time. But, if you knew in what turmoils I am, you would scoff at this my glory, which nothing concerns me. I cannot write my graefe unto you: but I hope shortly, to open it, by word of mouth. For, Caesar determines to call me to Rome, when he hath driven Pompeiu● out of Ita●y: which I ●hinke is already performed: Except he had rather beleaguer him in Brundisium I would I were dead; if the infinite desire I have to see you, and communicate unto you, all my secrets; be not the greatest occasion of my coming thither so suddenly. I have a thousand things to tell you. I am afraid, lest, as many times it falls out, I shall have forgotten them all, when I see you. But what offence have I committed, that I must now go towards the Alps? And to go thither about the Intimelij, who, for a matter of nothing are up in arms? Bellienus, servant sometime to Demetrius, borne of a maid servant; who was there with some strength, took one Domitius, a Gentleman of that town, and a friend to Caesar: and having received money of the contrary party, caused him to be strangled. The City rose up in arms; whereupon I must now go thither thorough the snow, with two thousand Foot. Certainly, will you say, the Domi●ij have ill fortune every where? And I would that Caesar, who is descended from Venus, had been so resolute against your Domitius, as Bellienus, who was borne of an handmaid, was against this other. Salute your son in my name. Farewell.   

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 16.  
I Felt my life leave me, in reading your letters: by which I understood, that none but melancholy thoughts possessed your mind. And though you have not clearly laid open your meaning; nevertheless, you have made manifest, what your disposition was. I presently wrote these letters unto you. I pray you, my Cicero; I conjure you; by the care you have of your own state, by the love that you bear to your children, that no resolution come into your mind, by which your own safety, or that you possess, may incur any danger. For, I call Gods to witness, I call men, and our entire amity; that I never foretold, or put you in mind of any thing, which proceeded not from deliberate counsel: but since I spoke with Caesar, and by him understood, what his determination was, after victory obtained: I gave you thereof advertisement. If you suppose, that what Caesar was in the prosecution of his courses, the same he will be in pardoning his adversaries; your conceit deceives you. Every thought of his, is cruel and rigorous, and also every word. He departed angry with the Senate. These oppositions of the Tribunes of the people, vexed him very much. I assure you, he will open his ear to no humiliations. Wherefore, if any affection towards yourself, or to the only son you have; if of your family, or any other thing within your hopes move you; if you have any respect to us, or your son in law, so honest a man; you should not disturb their fortunes, by imposing a necessity upon us, of hating or abandoning that part, on whose victory our safety depends; or, by being an occasion, that against your preservation, we bear wicked resolutions. Finally, you must consider, that what displeasure soever you could show to Pompeius, you have absolutely done it him, in this your delay. Now, if you think to stir against the Conqueror; whom, while events were doubtful, you never went about to offend; and to accompany them that are now put to flight, whom you would not follow in time, when they made resistance: 'tis the greatest folly of the world. Take heed, whilst you count it shame, with little care to prosecute the office of a good Citizen, lest you be careless of your own good. But if I cannot absolutely persuade you to what I would; at least attend, till advertisements come, of the success in Spain: the which I can tell you, at Caesar's arrival will be ours. Whereon their hopes will depend, when Spain is lost, I cannot perceive. And being so; what reason should persuade you, to join with desperate people, I cannot with myself imagine. This your intention, which, without telling it, you intimated to me, was now come to Caesar's ear: and as soon, as he had saluted me; what he had heard of you, he presently told me. I said, I knew nothing. Yet I entreated him, that he would be pleased to write unto you a letter, which might persuade you not to leave Italy. He takes me along with him into Spain. For if this were not, before I went to Rome, I would come posting to you wheresoever; and being present with you, I would fervently have discharged such an office; and with all my power retained you. Be very wary, my good Cic●ro, that you be not an occasion of utter ruin, to yourself, and all yours● and that you put not yourself wittingly into that danger, out of which you see there is no hope for you any way to escape. And if the cries of Citizens' reputed honest, do move you; or that you cannot stoop to support the pride and insolency of some particulars: me thinks you should do well to make choice of some town far from the tumult of arms, while these things are dispatched, of which the final effect is expected. If you thus dispose of yourself, I shall judge that you have done wisely, and you shall not herein offend Caesar. Farewell.   

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 17.  
ACcursed be the Fortune, which was the cause, that I was rather in Spain then at Formiae, when you went to Pompeius. But I would to God, that either Appius Claudius had not been of your part, or Caius Curio of ours; whose friendship hath drawn me to that side, which maintains the more unjust cause. For I know, that hatred, and love have bereaved me of my best senses. And you also, when I came to you by night to Ariminum, performed the office of an excellent Citizen, but not of a Friend; giving me commission to treat of peace with Caesar, without advising me at all in that, which concerned me. Neither think I speak this, as fearing that our part shall not vanquish: but certainly 'tis better to die, then see these men. And were it not for fear of your cruelty; we had long time since, been expelled from hencel where there is no man, nor any society, besides a few usurers, which is not a Pompeian. I have procured, that the Plebeians especially, and people, are yours, which first were ours. For what occasion, you'll say? but li●ten to the remainder. I'll make you overcome though you would not. You sleep: and in my opinion ye observe not, where we lie open, and are most weak. And this I will not do in hope of reward, but because wrath, and choler are of great for●e in me. What do you there? attend you battle, which you cannot tell how to maintain? I know not what manner of men yours are: but our soldiers are inur'd to fight manfully, and to support all cold, & famine. Farewell.    

THE NINTH BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Cicero to Marcus Terentius Varro. Epist. 1.  
AT●icus read a letter of yours unto me; by which I understood what you do, and where you are; but I could not learn when we should see you. Yet I hope that your coming in near at hand; which Gods grant, that it may disburden me in part of the afflictions I suffer: although, we are overwhelmed with so heavy a ruin, that he would s●ew him●elfe but a fool, that should any ways hope to be eased. But howsoever we may peradventure in some sort help one another. For after I came to Rome, I reconciled myself to my old friends, that is, to my books; whose conversation I had left: not because I was angry wi●h them, but in that I was ashamed: it appearing unto me, that I had not obeyed their instructions, in that I exposed myself to danger for the love of such, as were not faithful friends. But they pardon me, and call me to my usual studies, saying, that you have been wiser by whom they were never forsaken. Fallst, seeing I am in favour with them, I nourish good hopes, that I shall easily, when I see you, pass ●uer the burden, bo●h of present, and future evils. Therefore, if you please, let us retire either to Tusculanum, or to your Comarum; or else, (which by no means I would) to Rome: so we may be together, I'll assuredly b●ing matters to that pass, that bo●h of us, shall reap benefit. Farewell.   

Cicero to Varro. Ep. 2.  
OUR Caninius coming to me very late; and telling me, that the day following in the morning, he was to come to you: I told him, that in the morning I would give him a letter; and desired him to return for it. I wrote in the night, and yet he returned not. I thought he had forgotten it. Yet I would not have f●iled to send you it by one of mine, if by the foresaid party, I had not understood, that the day following in the morning, you were to depart from Tusculanum. A few days after, Caninius comes early, beyond my expectation; and tells me that even than he was to come to you; I would not have that Epistle to be frustrate, which I wrote in the night: and so; though it were old; (especially so much news having since occurred;) yet I gave it him. And to him, who is a learned man, and your good friend, I delivered as much by word of mouth, as he by this time ha●h communicated unto you. In my opinion, we must both shun the eyes of the multitude, though their tongues we cannot. For the Victors, exalted in pride through victory, look upon us as vanquished: and they who grieve, that our faction hath lost, fret, that we are still alive. Why then, you will peradventure say, take not you a course to live out of Rome, as I do? Because, you go before me, and every man else in prudence. I think all secret things are manifest to you: you never erred. Who is so quick-sighted, that walking through such darkness, may not stumble sometimes? and yet I bethought myself long since; that it had been good, to go into some part; not to see, nor hear, what is here done, and spoken● But after I had considered with myself; I imagined, that whosoever met me, would surmise at his pleasure; or else, if he suspected nothing, he might say; This man either fears; and because he is afraid flieth: or he hath some project in his head; and a ship ready provided. In conclusion, he that suspected least ill, and knew me peradventure more inwardly; would think that I bare hatred to certain persons, and that I left Rome, for no other cause, but by reason I could not suffer mine eyes to behold them. These cogitations have detained me in Rome hitherto: beside, that length of time, hath by little and little caused as it were an insensibility of mind to grow in me, so that it feels no longer. You have understood the reasons that kept me in Rome. Concerning your courses, I am of opinion, 'twere good for you to stay where you are, till this exultation be somewhat abated: till it be known what end the war hath had: for I make no doubt but ended it is: and it avails much to understand, after victorious success; what disposition the Conqueror manifested. Though I may imagine it: yet I expect to understand it. If you will follow my counsel, you shall no● go to Baiae, before you see all these reports settled that fly abroad. For it will be greater honour to us; then departing from hence, it be thought we are retired into those places, rather to mourn, then to bathe ourselves. But herein, I refer myself to your wisdom: I think good that we tie ourselves to this resolution, to live together in our studies, and so much the rather, because whereas before, we studied only for contentment of mind, now we are reduced to such a point, as without the sustentation of letters, our life would fail us. If any would make use of our counsel, and endeavour, to recover the consumed body of the Commonwealth; then indeed, leaving studies, we must run to the performance of so worthy an office; And fortune denying us this wished occasion, to practise in the Senate, and Forum; we will ●race the footsteps of those so learned, ancients, partly composing as they did, about the true form, of living well, and governing justly: partly also in reading their works. By which study, if we cannot otherwise, we shall benefit the Commonwealth. This is my opinion. I should be glad, that you would write unto me, what resolution and opinion you are of. Farewell.   

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 3.  
I Had nothing to write: yet Caninius com●ing to you, I would not have him depart without my letters● But what should I write unto you? that which I think you desire; that I will shortly come to visit you. Although 'tis a matter to be considered of, how convenient it is; that now when the City is so overladen with miseries, we should go to the Baths; which are places of solace. We shall minister matter to them to talk of, who know not; that by changing of place, we neither change life, nor customs. And yet we cannot avoid, the talking thereof. But what remedy? in retiring ourselves to a reposed life, now when all men are employed in wicked and bad actions, should we regard the being censured? I resolve constantly to contemn the ignorant vulgar, and to follow your footsteps. For though our miseries be very great; ●et it seems the study of ver●ue, is now more beneficial unto us, than it was at other times: or be it that in this storm, we see no other Port; or else that the grievousness of the infirmity makes us the better to know the necessity, or want of Physic; whose efficacy we did not discern, while we were healthful. But what do I? The writing of these things to you; in whose house they properly grow, is a carrying (as they say) of Owls to Athens. But I wrote them for no other end, but to give you an occasion to write unto me something back again; and to acquaint you with my coming. Therefore answer, and expect me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 4.  
KNow, that of things possible, I hold the same opinion with Diodorus: and therefore if you are to come: I say it is necessary that you come: and if you are not to come; on the contrary; I say, that it is impossible you should come. Now to this purpose, examine whither be the better opinion, this of Diodorus: or that of Chrysippus, which pleased not our Diodorus very well. But we'll discourse together of this argument, at a more convenient time. Which according to Chrysippus, is possible to happen; but it is not for all that, necessary. As for Costius, it contented me well, and I had given commission also therein to Atticus. If you come not to us, we will come to you flying. Let there be a garden in your Library, [and] it is no matter for the rest. Farewell.   

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 5.  
YEs indeed will it be a very fit time on the seventh of the month, both in respect of the Commonwealth, and for the season of the year. Therefore I am pleased, that you made choice of this day, to which I also refer myself. They who followed not our course, we see they now repent them: and though they should do otherwise, yet should not we repent us. For we went to the war, not out of hope to overcome, but through a desire, to discharge our duties to our Country: and when we left it, we abandoned not our duties, but a desperate enterprise. And so we had a greater care of our honour, than they that never stirred from home: and more wisdom than those, who being vanquished, and defeated, would not return home. But above all things, it grieves me to see ourselves so bitterly checked by them, that never went out of Rome: and howsoever the matter be: I more esteem those, that were slain in the war, than these men, who repine, that we survive. If I have any time to come to Tusculanum, before the prefixed day, I will see you there: if not, I will find you out in Cumanum: and I will send you word thereof before, that the bath may be ready, at my coming. Farewell.   

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 6.  
Our Caninius told me in your behalf, that if there were any thing, which I thought imported you to understand, that I should not fail to advertise you thereof. You shall therefore understand, that Caesar is expected: though I persuade my self you know it. But notwithstanding he having written that he would come, as I remember, into the Alsian territory: his friends wrote back again to him, that he should not come: For many would disturb him, and he many: and that it were better for him to arrive at Pontinum. I knew not, wherefore it imported him more, to arrive at Pontinum, then about Alsia: but Hirtius told me, he had written of it to him: and that Balbu●, and Oppiu● had done the like: all which three, I knew to be well affected to you. I meant to advertise you of his coming, to the end, you might know in what place, or rather in which of these two places, you should provide you of a lodging: for it is not certainly known, where he will arrive. And I did it also, to inform you, that I am familiar with these men; and that they make me partaker of their counsels. Which, I cannot perceive, why it should not like me. Although I support what is necessary to be supported: yet it follows not, that I should commend that, which is not praise worthy. Though I know not, what I may not commend; besides the first occasions. For, what afterwards ensued, f●ll out through our error. I saw, (for then you were not there) that our friends affected war, and that Caesar desired it not so much, as he feared it not. The war therefore grew through our defect: what after happened, could not fall out otherwise: it being of necessity, that one part must vanquish. I know your grief, was equal with mine, perceiving tha● a slaughter of innumerable Citizens must ensue, with the death of the one, or other General: and besides this; knowing, that there could not be a worse inconvenience, than victory of civil wars: the which I expected not from our enemies only, but also from our friends: Who terribly threatn●d ●uch, as had not followed their 〈◊〉; and ha●ed both of us: you, because you desired peace, and me, in that I openly approved it. And if they had subdued, their victory would have been cruel and immoderate. For th●y bear an incensed mind towards us; as if we had taken a course, that would not be as beneficial to them, as to ourselves, if they would have followed it: or as if it had been better to have gone into Africa, hoping to overcome, by means of the Elephants; then either to die, or live with any better Fortune. Oh, we live, in a turmoiled Commonwealth. I cannot deny it; but let them take care, that have not provided for any kind of life. And to come to this point, I have extended myself, further than I would. For having ever reputed you, for a man of great worth; I now value you much more: For in this so general a storm, almost you only have had the understanding to retire you into a Port; where rea●ing wonderful fruits of your knowledge, you intellectually discourse of things of such a quality, as are much more estimable, than any profit, or pleasure of these Conquerors. What sweet days do you enjoy now in Tusculanum? This may truly be termed a life. I would I might live so; free from greater disturbances. For I could willingly resign over unto others, all the riches of the world. But I do what I can to imitate you, and with singular contentment, I live in the repose of studies. And why should not every man grant us, now the Commonwealth, neither can, nor will employ us, that we may retire to letters? The which, I know, by many learned men, (with what reason I cannot tell) were preferred before the Commonwealth. If therefore in the judgement of famous men, we may rather apply our minds to these studies, then to the government of public affairs: how much more now, when the commonwealth herself is content therewith, may we follow them hourly? But I do more than Caniniu● imposed upon me: he wished me to advertise you of matters you knew not, and these that I now write unto you, you know better than myself. Hereafter therefore, I'll be ruled by Caniniu● direction: I'll inform you only of that which belongs to the quality of the present times, and that which I shall understand to import you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 7.  
I Was at supper with S●ius, when your letters were brought us. I am of your opinion, that 'tis now time to depart from hence. And in that hitherto I have calumniated you; I'll tell you with what craft I did it. My mind was, that you should h●ue entertained the time, in some place near hand, if happily we could obtain the favour of C●sar, when we went both together to meet him. Now, that every thing is dispatched, without any doubt or delay, we must be gone. For as soon as I heard of the death of Lucius Caesar the son; I ●ayd unto myself; what will he do to me? whereupon I sup often with these men, which have a kind of dominion over us. What should I do? We must observe the times. But let us leave ●esting: for 'tis now time to be in earnest. A●rica is up in arms, and trembles fearfully. There is no disaster, which I fear not. But whereas you demand of me, at what time he will come, in what part, or into what place: Hitherto we know nothing. They say 'tis true, that he will disimba●ke at Baiae. Some think, that he may come by Sardinia. For the farm which he there hath, he never yet saw, neither hath he a worse, but yet he accounts of it. I rather believe, that he'll come by Sicilia: but we shall presently know it. For it cannot be, but Dolabella will arrive. I thinks, he shall be our Master. How many scholars are more sufficient than their Masters? Howsoever if I may understand, what course you will t●k●, my resolution shall be conformable to yours● and therefore I will attend your letters. Farewell.   

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 8.  
ALthough it be not the manner; no not of the common people, except they be urged, to be importunate in demanding a present; whereof there was formerly an intention and promise made: nevertheless the expectation that I have of your promise, moves me not to solicit, but to challenge you of performance. And I could not choose; but send you four books: which shall admonish you to pay the debt, without any great respect. This new Academy, having, as I suppose you know, rather a presumptuous form, then otherwise. And therefore I doubt, that these four books, which I send unto you, coming out of the centre of the same Academy, will challenge your promise, with too much importunity: which I have enjoined them, that they s●ould but only put you in mind, that I lived in expectation, that you would have honoured me with the dedication of some work of yours: and for this cause I forbore to write unto you: to the end that having first seen your present, I might have devised the like to recompense you. But observing your slackness, (though I will rather term it diligence, than slackness) I could not forbear to write the said books unto you, to manifest unto the world, in the best manner I could, the firm knot, both of our studies, and mutual love, by which we are con●oyned. And so I have digested in form of a Dialogue, that discourse we had together in Cum●num, Pomponius Attires being present. And because I conceived, that Antiochus opinion pleased you; I have brought you in to def●nd it: and I maintain that of Philo. You will in reading, wonder at some things uttered by us, which neu●r were spoken. But you know the custom in Di●logu●s. Hereafter we will between us indite many things, and upon the subject of ourselves. Which we should have done before now: but for the time past, the Commonwealth excuseth us; for the time to come, the blame should be laid upon us. And would to God, that in a retired life, and in a state of our country, though not prosperous, ●et secure; we might exercise our studies together. Although occasions would not be then wanting, to meditate, and practise something else. But now, without studies, what a life would ours be? In sooth, I know not certainly, whither with them I may likewise live: but without, I shall never be able. But we will discuss this together hereafter, and very often. Whereas you write unto me, about the house you have bought, and how you are gone to dwell there: I wish you all happiness therein, and I think you have done very wisely. Have a care of your health. Farewell.   

Dolabella to Cicero. Ep. 9  
IF you be well, I am glad of it: I am in health; and our Tullia is exceeding well. Terentia felt herself very ill: but I know certainly she is recovered. All your other matters, stand in very good state● you know, that before now, I persuaded you to follow Caesar's part, or else to retire you into some secure, and quiet place: neither am I persuaded, that you imagine, that I advised you, more for the interest of our faction, then for your own good. And therefore now, that we are even upon the point of victory; I should think I committed a greater fault, if I did not exhort you a new. And I beseech you my C●c●ro, to take in good part what I write, and if you like not to follow my counsel; at least believe, that I have stirred in your actions, and done the offices which now I perform; for no other end, but for the great love I bear you. You see now, that Cneius Pompeius is nothing the better for the glory of his name, nor for his so great prowess, or being so much followed by Kings and Nations, wherein being lofty and proud he continually vaunted. He is driven out of Itali●: he hath lost Spaine● And his army of old souldi●rs, it taken from him: finally, he is now besieged; and that which never fell out to any one, how base soever he was; happeneth to him; that he cannot fly without dishonour. Neither do I think that any of our Captains, were ever in such disgrace. Wherefore being wise, as you are, consider well, what hopes now remain, either to him or you, And in so doing you may dispose of yourself, to take that course, for your businesses which shall be most profitable. One favour I demand of you, that if he escape this beleaguering, and fly away by Sea, that you look well to your own estate, and resolve at length, to be better to yourself, then to any other whatsoever. You have discharged your duty; you have satisfied the inward amity you had with Pompeius; you have satisfied also each part; and that Commonwealth, which you judge to be good. Now it remains, that you must be contented with that we have: seeing you cannot be in that, which so much pleased you. Therefore I desire, my sweet Cicero, if peradventure Pompeius be driven out of the place, where he is; and be constrained to retire himself anew, into other countries; that you withdraw yourself, either to Athens, or else into some other quiet City. And when you do so, be pleased to advertise me: for, if it may be, I●le come speedily to find you. And besides, that I am certain, yourself shall obtain of Caesar, whatsoever you will, about your honour; because he is very courteous; I am also further of opinion, that he will be much moved at my entreaties. I know your fidelity, and love; the one, makes me believe, that the carrier of this present, may return hither again securely; and the other, that he will bring me your letters. Farewell.   

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 10.  
I Thought it an error not to write unto you, our friend Sal●ius having occasiō●o come where you are: although, to say truth, I know not what to write: more than that I love you tenderly: which though I should not write; yet I am certain, you would hold it infallible. I should rather look for letters from you, than you from me: nothing passing in Rome, which you care to understand: except peradventure you would know this: that our Nicias, and V●dius, have made choice of me for their judge. One produceth (as he seems to inform me) a loan made to Nicias, written in two verses: the other like a second Aristarcus, saith it is false. I as an ancient judge, must determine whither it be false or true. I suppose th●t you reasoning now within yourself, may say unto me. Have you then forgotten those mushrooms, which you eat in Nicias hou●e? and those great banquets of Sophia, daughter to Septimia? But wh●t's your meaning by this? do you th●nke I have forgotten myself so far, that whereas before, I was very severe; now, that I have the authority of a judge, should I make no account of justice? I'll carry the matter so, that our Nicias shall not be wronged: neither will I in any case condemn him, to the end that you may have no occasion to restore him; lest he go to Plancus Burs●, to instruct him in letters. Bu● what do I? I range too far, not well conceiving whither you have a reposed mind, or, as it falls out often in the wars, whither you find yourself plunged in some care, or business of importance. When I understand, that you are in case to laugh: I'll write to you more at large. Yet will I not omit to tell you this, that the people were wonderfully touched with the death of Pub●ius Silla, before they knew the certainty. Now they never strive to understand how he died, they think it enough to know that he is dead. I for some reason, bear it patiently; I am afraid of one thing: that by this man's death, Caesar's public outcry will be hindered. Farewell.   

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 11.  
I Had rather you should understand by my letters, of mine own death; then that of my daughter; which assuredly I should the better support, if I had you about me. For your words would have comforted me exceedingly, and the unspeakable love you bear me. But, because I hope within a small time, to see you again; you shall find me at such a pass, that I may receive also from you● no small assistance; not that I am so afflicted, that I have forgotten myself to be a man; or that I conceive not, that Fortune should be resisted: Nevertheless, as I was wont to be the most cheerful and mild man of the world: upon which you took such liking to my conversation: So now am I turned quite contrary; yet you shall understand, that I have not a whit diminished that freedom, and constancy of spirit, I was wont to have, if it be ●●ue, that ever I had it. Whereas you write, that you defend me stoutly against my detractors; I make not so much account of that, as I desire it may appear, as questionless it doth, that I am beloved of you. And I pray you with the most effectual entreaties that can be used, be pleased to persevere, in that so loving an offic●; and to p●rdon me, though I write briefly to you: the which I do, first in this respect, because I imagine we shall shortly be together: Besides, because this blow, hath so astonished me, that I find not myself yet in case for writings Farewell.   

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 12.  
I Congratulate with the Baths of Baiae, seeing as you write, on a sudden they are grown healthful, against their old custom. Except peradventure they are enamoured of you, and desire to apply themselves to your occasion, giving over, while you are there, their ordinary disposition. Which, if it be true; I marvel not, though even heaven, & earth leave their usual properties, for your commodity. I send you the brief Oration, which I made in defence of King Deiotarus: which I knew not to be about me. The subject is very mean, and almost uncapable of ornaments; nor very worthy to be set down in writing. But because Deiotarus is my guest, and a friend of many years standing; I thought good to send him, this poor present, as a garment of a gross grain; like those presents, he was wont to send to me. I advice you to show, wisdom, and valour: to the end, that by your modesty, and gravity, the injuries of your enemies, may light upon their own heads with dishonour, and infamy. Farewell.   

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 13.  
CAius Suberinus C●llenus, is a familiar of mine, and an inward friend to Lepta, our most domestical. This man to avoid the war, going into Spain, with Marcus Varro, with a resolution to remain in that Province, where none of us (since Afranita was defeated) supposed that any rumours of war would have risen: did light precisely into those very mischiefs, which he laboured to shun. For on the sudda●ne, he was surprised with a war●e, which being first kindled by Scapula, was afterwards in such sort, reinforced by Pompeius, that in no wise, Suberinus could dis-intrica●e himself from that misery. Mar●us Planiu● Haeres, is as it were in the same perplexities, who is likewise Calenu●, a familiar friend of our L●pta. I commend therefore unto you, both these, with the greatest love, and efficacy possible. I desire to do them favour: and not only amity, but even humanity moves me thereunto. Besides, Lepta being so much grieved thereat, that he could not be more in case of his own substance: I am urged to feel therein, if not as much affliction, at the least little less. Whereupon, though I had many times, by proole understood, how entire the love you bear me is; nevertheless be assured, that I shall more securely judge thereof, in this present occasion. I pray you therefore, so wo●ke, that both these Caleni; miserable, not by fault, but through Fortune, to whom every one is subject, may receive no damage; to the end, that by your means I may do this favour to them; & also, to the company of Calenus, with whom I have great friendship, and to Lepta, which more imports then all the rest. What I am to speak, I think is not much to the purpose: nevertheless 'tis not hurtful to deliver it. I say therefore, that one of these hath very little substance, and the other hardly so much, as may maintain him in the rank of a Cavalier. Wherefore seeing Caesar, out of his clemency, hath given him his life, besides which they have not much to lo●e; see if you can procure favour; if you love me so much, as questionless you do; that they may return home: wherein they gain nothing else, but a tedious journey; which will not be wearisome to them, so they may live and die with their friends. Which thing I request you most earnestly to procure with all endeavour, or rather to effect it; for I am of opinion, that you are able to do it. Farewell.   

Cicero to Dolabella Consul. Epist. 9  
THough I could content myself, my Dolabella, with your glory, and take therein wonderful satisfaction, and contentment: yet I must needs confess, that I feel myself replenished with infinite joy, seeing, that by the common opinion of men, I am made partaker of your praises. With whomsoever I come to speak thereof, (And every day I speak with very many, for there is a great number of virtuous men, whi●h for the means of health, repair to these places: and besides this, diverse others my ne●re friends, which come unto us from pr●u●ledged places, all which) aft●r they have exalted you to heaven with exceeding praises, they presently give me the greatest, and most effectual thanks that can be. For they say, they make no doubt, but that you, following my documents, and instructions, may discharge those offices. Which to an exc●llent Citizen, and honourable Consul are conformable. And though I may answer them in all truth; that the matters you compass; your own judgement, and liking moves you to effect them; and that you need not another's advice: nevertheless, neither do I wholly yield to their words, because I would not extenuate your praise; in that it may seem, wholly to proceed from my Counsels: nor do I altogether oppose them: because I am more hungry after glory than is convenient. And yet, that de●oga●es not from your dignity, which Agamemn●n king of kings, reputed ●or so great honour; to havesome N●stor for a Counsellor: and to me it brings great renown; that you being a young man, and Consul, should increase in virtuous operations, as nourished and brought up, under my discipline. Luciu● Caesar certainly, whom I went, to meet at Naples, although terrible bodily torments afflicted him; nevertheless, before he saluted me, said, I rejoice with you, my Cicero, in that you are of such power with Dolabell●, that, if I had as much with the son of my sister; we might, secure from all danger, now, lead a life reposed. But with your Dolabella I rejoice, and g●ue him thanks to whom in truth, since your time of being Consul, we may only ascribe the title of true Consul, He afterwards used many words, about your actions, and prowess: concluding, that there was never more honourable and illustrious enterprise performed; nor from which greater benefit accrued to the Commonwealth. And every one generally concurreth with him in this opinion. Now, I ●equest you; that you will permit me, to assume this, as it were a false inheritance of another's glory: and suffer me in some part, to enter into a participation, of your praises. Although my Dolabella (for what I said hitherto, I spoke out of merriment) I would more willingly pour upon you, all my commendations, if any praise be due unto me, then diminish any of yours. For I having always so loved you, as easily you may conceive: [&] now especially, these your achievements have inflamed me with so ardent an affection, that no man was ever, more set on fire with love, than myself. For there is nothing, (believe me) that is more lovely, beautiful, or amiable then virtue. I ever loved, as you know, Marcus Brutus, for the excellency of his wi●; for the sweetness of his customs; and for that bounty, and constancy, wherein none is comparable to him: and nevertheless, on the xiii of March, my love towards him, was so augmented; that I wondered, how a thing could grow greater, the which long time since I thought had attained to it ●ull growth. And who would ever have thought, that the love I bear you, could in any so●t, have been enlarged? and yet it is so increased, that paralle●ling the love I now bear you; with that wh●ch hitherto I professed ●owards you, me thinks that seems vulgar, and this singular. To what end therefore should I exhort you, to have ●he object of your thoughts to be ever reputation, and glory? Shall I set before your eyes, the example of m●n famous for their virtue; which they usually do, that exhort men to praise? I cannot find a more famous man then yourself. You must trace your own footsteps, and seek to go beyond yourself. And me thinks, having already wrought such wonderful things; you can do no less, then resemble your own actions. And being so, exhortations, are not necessary: it is rather needful, that I should rejoice wi●h you: a matter having fallen out to you, which I cannot say, ever happened to any other; which is; that, the having with rigorous severity punished an offence, did not displease; but pleased the people: and did as well to all good men, as to the meanest people, bring singular contentment. If this had happened through the ●●uour of Fortune; I would have rejoiced with you, in your happy success; but this fell out unto you, first through the magnanimity of your mind, and then by your own wisdom and council. For I have read the Oration that you made unto the people. I never saw any thing fuller of understanding. For point, by point, you do● so closely come up, to demonstrate the occasion of the fact, and then afterwards you retire yourself with that dexterity; that by an universal consent of every man, It seemed the matter itself solicited you, to chastise the malefactors. You have therefore freed the town from danger; and the Citizens from fear. Neither only at this instant; but for ever, while the memory of so notable an act shall continue, you have exceedingly benefitted the Commonwealth. Therefore you must conceive, that the whole Commonwealth relieth only upon you: and that to you it belongs not only to preserve, but also to exalt them to honourable estate, ●●om whom the beginning of liberty is derived. But of these things, so far as I hope, it will not be long; ●re we discourse presentially. In the mean while; seeing you preserve the Commonwealth, and us, attend with singular care, to preserve yourself. Farewell.   

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 15.  
I will answer two of your Epistles: one, that I received three days since from Zethus; another, which Philerus the Post brought me. By the first, I understood, that you were well pleased, to hear me so inquisitive of your sickness. And I am glad, that you conceive my affection towards you: though I assure you; that you could not so well apprehend it by my letters, as it is in effect. For, perceiving myself to be honoured, and beloved of many; (for I cannot say otherwise;) amongst all those, there's not any one, more dear unto me than you are: not only because you lou● me, and have loved more of long time, and with perseverance: (which, though it be a great, and peradventure a very extraordinary matter: yet is it common to you, with many others:) but also, because yourself is so amiable, sweet, and every ways courteous: which is a part proper to you alone: to which we may add, a manner of ●easting, not according to the Attic, but conformable to the ancient Roman use, more ingenious th●n that of the A●ticks. And I, (make what reckoning of me you please) am wonderfully delighted with witty conceits, especially with ours of Rome: which heretofore lost a great deal of their lustre, when our City came to be over-thronged with foreign nations; in that the tittle of Citizens, which then was belonging only to the Latin● people; now conferred upon nations, which come from beyond the mountains, is the occasion that it daily looseth that ancient facetious manner of speaking: so that almost no footsteps thereof remaineth. Wherefore when I see you, me thinks I see all the Grani●, all the Lucilij, and also to speak, as it is, all the Crassis, and Laelij. I would I were dead, if besides yourself, I see any left me, in whom I can discern any similitude of those ancient pleasant strains of wit. Whereunto adding, so great love, as that is, which you bear me: do you wonder, that I was so troubled for your grievous, and dangerous malady? And whereas in the other Epistle you excuse yourself, by saying, that you never dissuaded me, from the purchase that I would have made at Naples, but that you advised me to continue at Rome: neither did I ever understand it otherwise. In deed I conceived that, which by these letters I apprehend, that you thought it was not good for me, as I also thought, to depart from hence; not altogether; but yet with a determination, to return hither seldom. You speak to me of Catulus, and of those times. What conformity is there? Then, it disliked me to remain long time far of, from the custody of the Commonwealth. For we sat in the stern, and governed the Rudder: but now we have scarcely any place about the pump. Do you think now, though I shall be at Naples, that for this cause they will forbear, to pass decrees in the Senate? when being at Rome, & attending to public affairs; the decrees of the Senate are registered in a friend's house of thine, my familiar; and when they please, they subscribe my name thereto, as if I had been present. And I sooner hear of some decree, transported into Armenia, and Syria, which seems to be passed according to my mind, than word is delivered to me thereof. And think not, that I speak this in ●east: Because you must note, that letters are already brought me from the farthest distant Kings that are; wherein they thank me, for giving them in the Senate, the title of Kings: the which I had not only, not done; but scarcely knew there were any such in the world. What must be done then? So long as this our master of ceremonies remains here, I will nevertheless do as you counsel me: when he is gone, I'll come to your Mushrooms. If I shall have an house; the charge which the law limiteth us for one day, I'll distribute into ten: but if I cannot meet with a scare, that contents me; I am determined to lie with you. For I know I cannot better gratify you. About Silla's house, I had now almost lost all hope, as I last wrote unto you: but yet I have not altogether lost it; I should be glad, that you as you write, had viewed it in the company of some Masons, for if there be no fault in the walls, or the roof, the rest will like me well enough. Farewell.   

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 16.  
YOur letters pleased me: and first, I was glad to understand, that the affection you bear me, induced you to write unto me, doubting lest Silius, with the news he brought m●e, might have put me to some trouble of mind. About which thing, you wrote before unto me, twice after one manner: so that I easily conceived your dislike: and I had diligently returned answer thereunto, to the end, that so well as in such an occasion, and time I was able, I might, at the least, in part, if not altogether dispossess you of your sorrow. But seeing in these last letters also, you show what a care you have of it: be assured of this, my Paeto, that, whatsoever could be done with Art, (for now council s●rues not the turn, some new policy must be invented) I say, what by Art may be attempted, or invented, to purchase the love of these Caesarians: that h●ue I laboured, and procured with all diligence possible: and in my opinion, very successfully. For, I am so honoured, and reverenced by them, to whom Caesar wisheth well, that I believe I am beloved of them. For, though I could hardly discern true love from feigned, except upon some occasion, wherein, as gold by the fire, so true love may be tried, and known by some danger; for other, are but common signs: nevertheless, I build upon this, rather than any other thing, to think, that I am heartily, and truly beloved: that, both my fortune, and theirs is such, as there is no cause to dissemble. Then, as for him, who is Lord of all, I see not why I should fear; except in that, there is no security, where reason hath no authority. Neither can one promise any thing certain to himself, where, on others will (not to term them appetites) every thing dependeth. Notwithstanding, I have not offended his mind in any thing: and therein I have carefully used all my dexterity and prudence. For, as other whiles I thought, that it rather appertained to me, than any other, to speak freely; as to him, that had been a preserver of the common liberty: so now, seeing it is lost, I think it not fit for me, to speak any thing, which may offend either Caesar's mind, or his friends. But, if I should omit the occasion, of some excellent saying, I should lose the opinion conceived of my wit: the which, if I could, I would not refuse to do. But yet Caesar himself hath a very good judgement. And even as your brother Servius, whom I take to have been very learned, would readily say, this verse is not of Pl●●tus, this is; because he was accustomed to read Poets and to note their passages: so I understand, that Caesar, having of himself, made volumes of worthy sayings, if any thing be presented him for mine, which is not, he useth to reject it: and he doth it now much more, because his most familiar friends, lead their whole life almost with me. Now, many things fall, in sundry discourses, which peradventure, after I have uttered them, yield some savour of learning and understanding; these are offered to him, together with other conceits, which daily are invented: For, so he hath commanded. From hence it proceeds, that, if afterwards he hear any thing of me, he thinks it not worthy to be given ear unto. For which cause, I make no use of your E●omaus, though by way of merriment, you have added thereto the verses of Accius. But what envy is there? or, what thing is there in me, for which I should be envied? But suppose, that it is, as you say: I see, that it so pleased the Philosophers, that is, those that seem alone unto me, to understand the force of virtue: it pleased them, I say, that a wise man should not be bound, to render account of any thing, but of offence: from which I perceive myself free, two ways: First, because I always had an upright mind: next, in that when I saw, there was no means to defend our opinions, my conceit was, that we ought not to contend with the more mighty. I cannot therefore certainly be blamed in the office of a good Citizen. It remains, that I neither do, nor say any thing rashly, or foolishly against them, that govern the Commonwealth. And this also, I deem to be a point of a wise man. For other things, that which another says I have spoken, or how Caesar construes my sayings, or with what fidelity they live with me, which daily court, and honour me, of this I cannot be secure. And thus I com●ort myself, partly with the memorial of my life past, and partly by living now moderately: and that similitude, which the Poet Attius makes, I attribute not only to envy, but to fortune also: the which, as a weak thing, should be vanquished, and broken by every valiant mind; no otherwise, then as a wave, is broken by a rock. And in truth, the Greek stories making mention; how, wise men have always supported the dominion of Tyrants, either in Athens, or Siracusa; having been in some sort free, during the servitude of their City's: I'll not imagine, that I can so preserve my state; that it neither offend the mind of some man, nor diminish mine own honour. Now I come to your pleasant conceits: seeing, after At●ius his Oeno●a●es, you bring in, not as th●y were wont, Attellanus, but as the custom at this day is, Mimus. What Popilium, or Denarium, do you t●ll me of? What dish of strong cheese? out of my ingenuous disposition, I hitherto supported these things; now the matter goes otherwise; I have scholars in speaking, and masters in ●ating, Hirtius and Dol●bella. For, I suppose you have heard (if peradventure all things come to your hearing) how they continually declaim in my house; and I ●at at their house. And it boots not you to swear, tha● you want the means: for, when you were addicted to gather wealth; by my reasons, you made yourself mor● studious therein: now, in that you consume your substance with such patience; do not believe, that I'll come into your house, like a judge to correct you. And if I endamage you any thing: it will be a less evil, to be damnified by a friend, then by a debtor. Neither do I expect from you, such sumptuous suppers, that there remain great superfluities. The meats that are, let them be exquisite, and well dressed. I remember, you were wont to t●ll me of a supper of Phamea's: Let yours be made more moderately, but after the same manner. And though you go about to invite me to ●upper at your mothers, it shall also content me. For, I will see this bounty of mind, that dares put before me such things, as you write of, or else a Tolypus, as red, as that [miniated] I●u●, which stands in th● Capitol. I am of opinion, that you dare not perform so great matters. Before my coming, the r●port will come to your care, of the delicate meats, I begin ●o feed upon; you'll admire at it: and look not I should rest contented, with that mingled beverage of wine and honey: for I will by no means, abide ●o see it. I care no more for your Olives, and Salciccia's: But why discourse we of these things? I would we might once come thither: I will content myself with that salt cheese, which you were wont to use: and I'll put you, (for I'll rid you out of pain) to this only charge, to cause of necessity, the Bath to be hea●ed. For other matters; follow our ordinary custom. These former ●hings I uttered by way of mirth. As for the Silician Farm, you have done me diligent offices therein, and written most pleasantly ●hereof: so that I mean to leave it: for the place is very pleasant. but there are few persons there, like unto the place. Farewell.   

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 17.  
YOu are a good man surely; seeing our Balbus lying with you, you would understand from me, what will become of these lands, and towns. As if I knew any thing he knew not; or if I do at any time know any thing, that I use not to have ●rom him. Nay, and if you love me, procure that I may understand, what will become of us. For, you had Balbus under your power, of whom you might have known it. If not when he was sober, at least, when you saw him well tippled. But I hunt not my dear Paeto, after these news: first, because we have now lived four years by gettings, if one may term it getting, or this may be called a life, to survive the Commonwealth: then; in that I suppose I know, what will fall out: For, that s●all fall out, which they affect, that are most powerful; and arms are ever most powerful. We must therefore be contented with that, which is granted us. And he that could not satisfy his mind with this, did well to dye. They fall a measuring the Territory of Veia, and C●pena, which is not very far from my Tusculanum: yet I fear nothing: I enjoy myself, while I am able, and de●ire to be able always. The which, if it may not be: nevertheless, considering that I, who am a man of a great spirit, and a Philosopher, ha●e thought life very precious; I cannot but love him, through whose benefit, I now live. Who, though peradventure, he desire that the Commonwealth should be such, as he wo●ld, and all we ought to wish for: yet can he dispose of nothing, he is so colleagued with many. But I range too far, and I do it, because I write to you. This I tell you in conclusion, that not only I, who am not present at consultations; but not so much as the great man himself knows, what is to ensue. For, we serve him; he, the times: and so neither he can conceive, how the times will sort; nor we, what he thinketh. I wrote not back these things formerly unto you; not because I use to be negligent; especially in writing; but having nothing of certainty; I would not perplex you, with ambiguities, nor put you in hope wi●h my affirmations. I will notwithstanding add ●his, which is most true; that in these troubles, I have hitherto heard nothing of this danger: yet, out of your accustomed discretion; you should wi●h the best, forecast the worst, and support what cometh. Farewell.   

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 18.  
BEing idle in Tusculanum; because I have sent my Disciples to meet Caesar their acquaintance, with hope by this means, to recover me his favour; I received ●our most pleasant letters: by which I understood, that my counsel pleased you. For, as Dionysius the Tyrant, being driu●n out of Siracusa, set up, as is reported, a school, at Corinth: So I, Courts of judgement being put to silence; and my Kingdom, of pleading causes, lost; have applied myself, as it were, to keep a school. What desire you more? I am also glad I run this course. For, I come by this means, to obtain many things: first, that which principally, at this instant, is necessary; I fortify myself against this terrible season: I know not how good the way I hold is; but well I s●e, 'tis not wors●, then that which hath be●n held by others: except peradventure it had b●en● be●ter to dye: in ones b●d, I'll grant: but this came not to pass: and at the battle I was not. others, [as] Pompeius, your Lentul●●s, Scipio, [and] Afranius, died reproachfully; but Cato honourably: And this questionless, when we will, we may do●: yet let us endeavour; as we do, that it may not be so necessary for us, as for him. This is therefore the fi●st thing, which I purchase: and there is yet another, that I grow better; first, in my health, which giving over exercise, I had lost; then, that fluent utterance, which I was wont to have, (if I ever had it) if I had not been reduced to these exercises, would have been impaired. The last gain I make; which peradventure you'll esteem, above all the forementioned, is this; that by this time, I have eaten more Peacocks, than you have done Pigeons. Make yourself merry there, with Atteri●n broth, I'll be [merry] here, with that of Hirtius. Come therefore, if you be a good fellow, and learn, now at length, to live as you desire. Though I consider, I teach the dolphins to swim. But seeing I perceiu●, that you cannot sell the possessions had of your debtors, for payment, according to Caesar's valuation; nor fill a pot wi●h money, it behoves you to return to Rome. I hold it far better, that you should dye here with eating too much; then there, for want of meat. I see you have consumed that, which you had. I hope your friends have done the like: you are therefore blown up, if you look not to yourself. You may ride to Rome upon that Mule, which you say, is left you, seeing you have eaten your G●lding. You shall have a place in the school, as an Usher, under me, and withal, you shall have a cushion. Farewell.   

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 19  
ANd y●t you leave no● your wont malice. You write ●h●t B●lbus was contented with a very little: as minding to infer; that if Balbus be contented with less than indifferent suppers, much more ought I to be therein satisfied, who am in respect of him, as one that hath been Consul, is in respect of a King, much inferior. You know no●, that I have wrung every thing out of his mouth: you know not, that he came presently, to light at my house. Neither do I wonder so much, that he lighted not rather at yours, as, that he went not unto his own So soon as I saw him; said I, what doth our P●to? and he swore unto me, that he never was more willingly in any place. If you have made him this man with words, I'll frame my ●ares as apt to to hear you as his: but if with good cheer: Let me in favour request you, not to think, that the Balbi are more worthy, than the eloquent. Every day some impediment grows upon me: but if I can shake off matters, so, that I may come thither: I will work after such a sort, that you shall not be abl● to excuse yourself, that you were too late advertised. Farewell.   

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 20.  
YOur letters afforded me a double contentment; both because I have laughed; and in that I understood, that you, at length, can laugh. Neither am I displeased, that like a bad soldier, you have loaded me with apples: but I am sorry, that I could not come thither, as I determined. For, not for few days, but continually, I would have lodged with you. And think not, that your dish of wine and honey, should more have served my turn; From an egg to roasted veal, that is, from the beginning of supper, even to the last, you should have seen me raven like a Wolf. You were wont to commend me as a man easily to be satisfied, and with a slender meal: now, I am wholly changed. For now, I think no more on the Commonwealth; nor, what opinion I ●hould deli●er in the Senate; nor, how I am to plead, and handle causes: I apply myself to an Epicurean life: not to the dissolute [life] at this day: but to that delicate, and moderate one, which you used, when you had plenty to spend: though at this time, you have more Farms than ever you had. So that, be prepared: you have to do with a man, that can eat sound, and that now at length understands somewhat: and men that have learned late, you know how troublesome they are to content: and you must forget your banqueting dishes, and dainty Cakes. We are now come to that point, that we dare indite to supper, your Verrius, and Camillus: and you know, what delicate fellows they are. But● observe yet, a further presumption: I invited Hirtius also to supper; but he gate no Peacocks. And at this supper, my Cook, (besides hot broth,) sent up no dishes, like to those that w●re usual at Hirtius suppers. This therefore is now my life. In the morning, I visit at home, many honest men, but in miserable condition; and these joyful Conquerors: Who in troth, very courteously, and lovingly entertain me. After this my visitation, I shut myself up to my studies: either I compose something, or else I read. Some also come to hear me, as a learned man, because I am a little more learned than they are. Afterwards, all the rest of the time ●is spent, about bodily health. I have lamented my country, more bitterly, and longer time, then ever Mother lamented her only child. If you wish me well, procure your health: to the end I may not d●u●ur your substance, while you are sickly. For I am resolved no● to s●are you, be you never so diseased. Farewell.   

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 21.  
IS it possible? do you think you are foolish, in seeking to imitate me, in the flashes (for so you term them) of my speeches? you should be foolish indeed, if you could not attain thereunto: but, seeing in this, you do not only equalise, but exceed me; you should scoff rather at me, then at yourself. That saying of Trabea, concurres not with you: I am he that labours in vain. But tell me a little? What seem I to you, in my Epistles? do you not think, I discourse with you, in vulgar terms? For we must not always speak after one manner. It is one thing, to write an Epistle; another, to plead a cause; another, to speak to the people. Nay, the causes themselves are not to be handled after one fashion: In private matters; and not in all; bu● in those of light importance, ●uery thing must more nicely be scanned: but where a man's person; his goods; or his honour is questioned; greater ornament of eloquence is required. Epistles are wont to be framed of words daily used. But I pray you, my Paeto, how came it into your mind to say, that there was never any Papirius, which was not a plebeian? For, mean●r family's, have been of the Patrician order. The first of them, was Lucius Papirius M●gi●●an●us, who was Consul, with L●cius Sempronius Atratinu●, having b●ene before Censor, with the sam● [colleague] 312. years after the building of Rome. But then, you were c●lled Papi●●. After these, there were xiii. more, which obtained of the higher dignities, before Lucius Papirius Crass●●, who was the first that gave oue●● he name P●pisius. This man was dictator, and had for captain of the rank M●letarie, Lucius P●piri●● Cursor, 415. years after the building of Rome: and four years after he was Consul, with Ceso Duillio. After these came Cursor, a very honourable man: then Lucius Masso, who in demanding the Aedileship died. After him, many Massenes: of which Patricians, I would have you reserve pictures in your house. Then follow the Carbones, and the Turdi: these were Plebeians, of whom I would have you make no account. For besides this C●●ius Carbo, who was slain by Damasipp●s, none of the Carbones, ever benefitted the Commonwealth. We knew C●eius Carbo, and that his infamous brother. Who can be more wicked than they were? of this friend of mine the son of Rubria I say nothing. There were three brethren, Publius', Caius, Marcus, surnamed Carbones. Publius, accused by Flaccus, was condemned. Marcus fled out of Sicilia: Caius being accused by Lucius Crassus, as 'twas said, poisoned himself. Thi● man was a seditious Tribune of the people, and was reported to have murdered Publius Scipio Africanus: but in my judgement, there never lived a verier villain than this fellow, that was slain by our Pompeius at Lilibaeum. And also his father, accused by Marcus Antonius, it is not well known after what manner he came to be absolved: wherefore my opinion is, that you should cleave to the Patricians, for you see, what bad members the plebeians have proved. Farewell.   

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 22.  
I Love the modesty; but rather the liberty of speech. And Zeno was of this opinion, a very ingenious man questionless; but greatly opposite to our Academians: But as I say, the Stoics are of opinion, that every thing should be called by it own name: affirming, that in it, is neither obscenity, nor incivility: and they prove it by this argument. If there be any obscenity in speech, it must needs be either in the thing signified; or the word signifying; it can be no where else. In the thing signified it is not; And therefore we see, that not only in Comedies, the act is plainly expressed, as it is: whereupon Lucilius in his Demiurgus, brings in one uttering these words: which peradventure you have heard upon the stage, & you may call to mind Roscius, when he recited them. He left me lately naked in such fas●ion: where the speech in respect of the words, is altogether modest; as for the matter, a little inmodest. But in Tragedies also: what think you of that verse; 
What woman's that, that I silly with him?   
And of that other; 
Who with another did desire to lie?   
And of this; 
How could this man, be so presumptuous:  
As to enjoy great King Phereus' wife?   
Or of these other: 
Though I unwilling, once in maid's estate,  
Withstood him; yet, he did me violate.   
In stead of violate, he might have used another word, signifying the same thing: but it would have sounded too immodest. You see therefore, that a thing is not dishonest that is uttered with honest words: and yet the words alter not the signification: which is a sign, that every thing is honest by nature. And therefore, if there be no dishonesty in things, much less in words. So that, if the ●hing signified be not dishonest, the word that signifies, cannot be dishonest. You do not say anus, but you ●erme it by the nam● of some other thing. Why? if the thing signified be dishonest; express it wi●h what words you will, the matter shall ever be dishonest: if it be not? Why do you not term it by it own proper name? Anciently cauda was called penis, from whence the word peniculus proceedeth; because it hath some similitude of ●hat Cauda, or tail: but at this day, the word Penis, is accounted among strude words, or dishonest: & Piso Frugi in the book●s of his Histories complains, that young men are dedicated to [that] Penis. That which in your Epistle, you term by it proper name, he covertly calls penis. Which word being grown common to so many; is now accounted as dishonest, as that you used. Now, what shall we think? Whereas vulgarly men say: Cu● noste volumus convenire. Appears it not obscene to say, Cum nos? I remember that a wise Consular, speaking in the Senate, uttered these words: Hanc culpam maiorem, an illam dicam? Could he have fallen into greater obscenity? You will say it was no obscenity: b●cause he uttered it not in that sense: words therefore are not they which make obscenity: and, that things make it not, it is manifest by that which I have before delivered. We must therefore conclude, that the same not being in words, nor in things, is no where. To endeavour to get children, is so honestly spoken, that Fathers themselves are wont to put their children in mind thereof: but the proper ●erme of such endeavour, they dare not utter. Socrate● learned the Art of playing upon an Instrument, of an excellent Musician, whose name was Connus: take you this to be an obscene word? When we say, Terni, we speak not unmannerly; but when Bini, it is immodest. To the Grecians, you'll say. There's therefore no dishonesty in the word: For I understand Greek also: and yet I say unto you bini: and you perform it, as if I had spoken it in Greek, and not in Latiner Ruta, and Menta be honest words: but if I would term the little Menta, after the same manner as we say Rutula, it would not do well. You say, bell● tectoriola: give me therefore the diminutive of pavimenta, 'twill sound ill. Now you see, all these are but fooleries: & that there is no obscenity in words; much less in things; from whence it follows, that it's no where. Therefore let us couch dishonest things under modest words. For I would know; is not Divisio a modest word? but some immodest sense is included in it: and Divisio belongs to the agen●; intercapedo to the patiented. Are such words upon this occasion, dishonest? And we coxcombs, if we say, This man strangled his Father, we put not in before, Sir reverence: but if we would nominate Aurelia, or Lollia being Harlots, before we name them, we must say, with reverence. And certainly, words modest, are used sometimes for immodest. T● say, Batuit, it seems uncivilly spoken: Depsit, more uncivilly: and yet nor the one, nor the other is dishonest. The world is full of fools. Test●s, in place of judgement, is a very honest word; in another place it is not so: you may also honestly say, Colei Lanuvini: but Cli●e●ini cannot be so modestly spoken. And not only words, but things also, are sometimes honest, sometimes dishonest. To say, suppedit, is an obscene speech: but let a man speak it of one, that is naked in a bath, and 'tis not obscene. You have heard the Stoics reasons. If you be wise, you'll speak civilly. I have made a long tale, upon one word only of your Epistle: I am glad, that you take leave to speak with me, without respect. I like, and ever will like to follow the modesty of speech: as Plato accustometh. Whereupon I have treated of this argument, with shrouded words, which the Stoics handle very openly: but these men affirm also, that farting should be as free, as belching. I have therefore used ●his respect, in reverence of the time present. Vouchsafe to love me, and be careful of your health. The first of March. Farewell.   

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 23.  
YEsterday I came to Cumaenum: to morrow peradventure I'll be with you: and, if I come, you shall know of it a little before. Though, when Marcus Ceparius met me in the wood Gallinaria, and I demanded of him, what you did; and he told me, you kep● your b●d, by reason you had the gout in your feet: I was questionless sorry, as reason required. But notwithstanding, I am resolved to come & see you, as well to visit you, as to sup with you. For, though you have the gout in your feet; your Cook, I hope, hath it not in his hands. Expect me therefore, but as a man of spare diet, and an enemy to sumptuous suppers. Farewell.   

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 24.  
THough I had been offended by this Rufus, your friend, of whom you have now twice written unto me: yet would I not forbear to favour him, in what I were able; seeing you are so careful of his occasions: but having now both by your letters, and also by those which he sent me, gathered and judged, that he entirely affected my safety; I cannot but be a friend unto him; not only for your recommendation, the which, as reason requires, is of great force with me; but wi●hall, through mine own inclination, and understanding. For I would you should know, (my Paeto) that the original of my jealousy, and the diligence, that I used in looking carefully to myself; grew from your letters: to which the letters of many others, were afterwards conformable. For both in Aquinum, & Fabrateria, there were practices against me; which I see, you came to knowledge of. And they, as it were, presaging, how troublesome I should be unto them, minded nothing, but to oppress me. Whereof, I having no jealousy, peradventure I might have fallen into some danger, if I had not been by you advertised. And therefore this your friend, with me, needs no recommendation. I desire nothing now, but that the fortune of the commonwealth prove so, as he may acknowledge me for an excellent pay master. But enough of this. I am sorry, you have given over going to banquets. First, because you have deprived yourself of a singular delight and contentment; and then (for between ourselves we may speak truth) because I fear, you'll lose what before you had learned; & that you will forget to make those delicate suppe●●, For if, when you had one to imitate, you profited not much; what may I think you will now do? when I had told Spurina the matter; and explained the customs of your life past; verily, he demonstrated, that the Commonwealth underwent a great hazard, if at the beginning of the Spring, you returned not to your former use of banqueting: but now while winter lasteth it might be endured. In good earnest, I advice you; if you mean to lead an happy life; to keep company with your good, pleasant, and loving friend's. [For] nothing more befitteth life, nothing affordeth greater happiness than it. Neither speak I this, in respect of the pleasures, but in respect of living, and eating together, and the liberty of mind: which is more enjoyed in familiar discourse, ●hen any way else, and this is most pleasing at inuitements● so that our country men, named it much more wisely than the Grecians did: they called it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, which signify to drink, and sup together, our country men termed them Conuiula, because then especially men live together. Do you observe how I by Philosophical reasons, labour to reduce you, to your old custom of seasting? Regard your health: wherein nothing will more help you then to go often abroad to supper. But if you wish me well, suppose not, though I write ieastingly, that I have laid aside the care of the Commonwealth. Be persuaded of this my Paeto, that day, and night, I attend and solicit, no other thing; but that my Citizens may be safe, and enjoy their liberty. I omit no occasion to admonish, endeavour, and provide. I have finally propounded to myself, to repute it for my greatest Fortune, if need were, to lay down my life, in this care, and administration. Once more Farewell.   

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 25.  
YOur letters have made me a very valiant Captain. Questionless, I knew not, that you understood so much, of the art of war: I see you have read, and read over again, the books of Pyrrhus, and Cynea. Whereupon I am resolved to obey your precepts: and moreover, to have a little bark ready upon the coast. And they say against the Parthian cavalry, there cannot be found a better armour. But why jest we? You know not with what a Captain you are to buckle. I have put in practice, whatsoever I read in Xenophons' Cyrus, which book I had worn out with continual reading. But we'll jest another time at our meeting; and ere it be long, as I hope. Now come to be commanded, (as the old saying was) or (to speak more plainly) to obey me. I hold an inward amity, with Marcus Fabius, as I think you know: and I love him exceedingly; first, for the rare bounty, and singular modesty, I discerned in him; then, because in these controversies, which I entertain, with the Epicureans, your table associates; I am wont to reap from him great furtherance. He coming therefore to me at Laodicea, and I desiring, that he would remain with me; he was presently strooken with terrible letters; wherein was written: how the H●rculanensian grange of his brother Quintus Fabius, was exposed to sale; though it belonged not to him only, but was common between them both. Whereat Marcus Fabius, was deeply discontented: and grew to be of opinion, that his brother, as a man of small understanding, was thereunto induced by his enemies. Now, if you love me my Pato, take upon you this whole business, a●d remove Fabius out of this perplexity. You may herein further us, with your authority, council, and ●auour. Permit not, that two brothers go to suit, and contest, to the shame, and prejudice of them both. Enemies to Fabius, are Matho, and Pollio: What needs more words? Undoubtedly, I cannot write unto you at full, what a pleasure you shall do me, in drawing him out of this labyrinth. Which he understands to lie in your power; and makes me also believe it. Farewell.   

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 26.  
I Was set at the table, about nine of the clock, when I wrote to you this present letter. You'll say, Where? In the house of Volumnius E●trapelus: and there were, your two familiar acquaintances, Atticus, and Verrius; Atticu● above, and Verrius beneath me. Do you wonder, that being heretofore so regular, I should now be so much delighted with merry entertainments? What should I do now? I ask counsel of you, who hears a Philosopher. Should I bury myself in thoughts? Should I excrutiate myself? What might I get [thereby]? And then, to what end? you might live, you'll say, in letters. Think you, that I do not so? I could not live, if I sought not to live in letter's. But even of those, there is also, not a satiety, but yet a measure, or proportion. Whereunto, when I have a while bent my mind, I repair to invitements, because I know not what else to do, before bed time: Although invitements (whereon your controversy grew with Dion the Philosopher) are of no great esteem with me. Harken to the rest. Under Eutrapelus was placed Cyt●ris; Oh! you will here cry out, that, that Cicero should never have gone to such an invitement; 
Whose presence when the Grecians did behold;  
They daunted fled. [How fast, cannot be told.]  I must confess, I knew not of her being there. But, neither did the So●raticke Aristippus so much as blush, when it was cast in his teeth, that he kept Laida: I keep Laida, said he, but Laida keeps not me. This sounds better in Greek. Do you, if you please, expound it. But none of these things ever moved me in my youth, much less in old age. I am delighted in meetings: there I freely speak, what I will: and I turn my bitter tears into laughter. Now, see if you can lead a better life than this? You once broke a jest upon a Philosopher, who exposing himself to resolve any doubt should be propounded to him: you demanded of him, where you might get a supper, that might dure as long, as from morning to night. The silly man thought, that you would have demanded of him, whether there were but one, or innumerable heavens: What good was that to you? But tell me truly, did the supper do you good? especially from a Philosopher? Now this life pass we: every day, we read, or write somewhat: then; to entertain time also with our friends, we meal together; yet not so, that our inu●tements exceed the limits of the Law (if now, there be any Law,) But rather 'tis less, than the Laws tolerate. Therefore you need not stand in fear of my coming: you shall lodge a man, that eats not much, but will be very jocund. Farewell.    

THE TENTH BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Cicero to Lucius Plancus, Imperator, elected Consul. Epist. 1.  
I Was departed from Rome, to go into Greece: when in the midway, imagining I was recalled, as by some voice of my Country, I ●ooke a cour●e to return. Since which return, Marcus Antonius hath held me in continual turmoils: who is, I will not say, so insolent, (for many have this defect) but so wicked, and cruel, as he would not, that any man, not only in words, but not so much as in show, should enjoy a freedom. Whereupon, I remain in great perplexity; not about my life; to which, by years, and endeavours; and, (if it ought availed) I may tell you, that even with glory also, I have given satisfaction: but I grieve for my Country, and principally, for the expectation of your Consulship: which is so prolonged, as we may desire, [but] to live till that time. And what hope remains, if all matters be be overswayed by the arms of ●he most insolent, and most unbridled man that lives? If the Senate, and people, be of no force? If the authority of the Laws, and Tribunals, is fallen? If there be no more, either form, or foot-step of a Commonwealth? But because it imports not, that I should write unto you all particulars: they having been specified unto you by others: I will acquaint you with that, which love moves me to tell you of, which I have borne you from your childhood; and have ever, not only preserved, but augmented it: remembering, and exhorting you, to embrace with all study and care the Commonwealth: which, if it continue till the time of your Consulship, it will be no great trouble to govern it: but to procure, that it may so long continue; there is required, not only special diligence, but also no little favour of Fortune. Y●t I hope, we shall enjoy you somewhat ●ooner. And besides that I am bound, to give assistance to the Commonwealth; your honour doth so nearly touch me, that I will therein employ all my council, endeavour, offices, labour, pains, and diligence, to augment your reputation. By which means, I know I shall easily discharge myself, both to my Country, which to me is most dear; and to our amity; which in my esteem, aught by us most sacredly to be observed. I wonder not, but rejoice, that you carry yourself towards our friend Furnius, as his courtesy, and place requireth. And be assured, that I will hold that esteem, of whatsoever you do in honouring, or benefitting him, as if you had honoured, and benefitted mine own person. Farewell.   

Cicero to Plancus. Epist. 2.  
I Would not have failed to employ myself in your behalf, in respect of our inward amity, if I could have come into the Senate, either securely, or with honour. But no man, that thinks freely of the Commonwealth, can without danger converse in the midst of arms, and such extreme licentiousness neither do I judge it befitting my quality, to speak in the occasions of the Commonwealth, in a place, where armed men may better, & nearer at hand, hear me then Senators. Therefore in private occasions, I will n●uer fail you, either in offices, or favour: nor yet in public, will I ever be wanting, though with peril; if there be any business in hand, that requires my presence● to maintain your dignity. But in such matters, as without my being there, may be brought to effect, I will request you, to be content, that I may h●ue reference to mine own safety and reputation. Farewell.   

Cicero to Plancus. Epist. 3.  
I Met with Furnius, to my great contentment, for his own sake: but much greater, in that hearing him, me thought I heard you speak. He declared unto me, how valiantly you bear yourself in the war; how uprightly you govern the Province; and finally, what prudence you manifest in all your actions: yielding withal a testimony, both of your humanity, well known to me before, in our familiar conversation; and of your singular courtesy used towards him. All which things have afforded me great delight; but the last, together with delight, contentment. I retained near amity, my Pl●ncus, with your Family, somewhat before you were bo●ne: I loved you, from the tender years of you● infancy, and in confirmed age, we held familiar conversation; proceeding from the love I bore you, and from the good opinion, you conceived of me. And for these considerations, I wonderfully affect your advancement; the which I esteem to be common betwixt us. Fortune, but rather your own virtue, hath ex●lt●d you to high degrees of honour, you being ye● but a young man. From whence, the envy of many, which you have outstripped by wit, and industry, proceedeth. Now, if you'll follow my rule, who love y●u equally, to any other old friend of yours whatsoever: From this time forward, seek to purchase all honour, from a well reformed Commonwealth. You know, (for being wise, what know you not?) how there was a certain time, when men supposed, that you too much followed the quality of the times. Which I should also surmise, if I thought you approved the things you tolerated. But, ay, conceiving what you thought: supposed you prudently observed that which you could. Now, all things are carried after another fashion. judgement is your own, and free: you have been elected Consul in your riper years, with notable eloquence, when the Commonwealth stood in greatest need of such like persons. Bend yourself, I beseech you, to that care, and cogitation, which may bring you the highest of esteem, and glory. And to ascend soon to renown, especially in these times, when our Country hath been now for many years so encumbered; there is only one way: to be a good Citizen in public interests. I thought good to write these things unto you; rather instigated out of love, then that I supposed you to have need of my admonitions, and documents. For I knew, that you had them from the same fountain, from whence myself formerly drew them. Therefore I'll end. Thus much I thought good to deliver unto you, rather to signify my affection, then to manifest any wisdom. In the mean while, with all affection and diligence, I will that ways bend mine endeavours, wherein, I suppose, I may add any thing to your reputation. Farewell.   

Plancus to Cicero. Epist. 4.  
YOur letters were very acceptable to me; which, as Furnius words did intimate, I conceive, were written with your own hand. I had written to you before now, but that I understood, you were departed from Rome: and I was advertised of your return, not long before the receipt of yours. Me thinks I canno● omit any office, that concerns you, how small soever it be, without gr●a● blame. Whereunto I am bound for many reason's; for friendship paternal; for my ancient observance; and for the love you bear me, equal to that which I bear you. Wherefore, persuade yourself, my Cicero, that only you, as a Father, I must devoutly honour: in that for your years also, you, may be a father to me; I, a son to you. Whereupon it comes to pas●e, that all your counsels, seem unto me full, not only of singular prudence, which exceedeth; but of fidelity, which I measure by mine own conscience. And if I were of a contrary opinion to yours, your instructions doubtless might change my mind: & if I were doubtful of any thing, I would upon your exhortations, dispose myself, to follow what course gave you best satisfaction; But now, my opinion is wholly conformable to yours. What fortune hath allotted me, and what by mine own endeavour I have obtained; though you, blinded with love, judge it to be more, then in effect it is; yet, it is so much in any man's judgement, though he were my very enemy, that besides a good name, I see not what is wanting. And therefore, hold this for certain: that, what I am able with my power to effect, with my counsel to provide; or with my authority to move; it shall ever be wholly applied to the benefit of the Commonwealth: your mind lies not concealed from me: and if I could be near you, as questionless I would desire: In every thing I would follow your counsel. And now, I will endeavour so to order the matter, as you shall not be able in reason, to reprehend any action of mine. I look for advertisements, from all parts, by which I may understand, what is done in the hither Gallia; and what passeth in Rome, in the month of januarie. In the mean while, I am here, in great perplexity; for flare, lest these people, among others defects, may take some evil opportunities from our country men. But if Fortune favour me, according to my desert; you shall see, that I will give good satisfaction; both to yourself; which I exceedingly desire; and to all men of honest meaning. Have a care of your health, and love me, as I do you.   

Cicero to Plancus Imperator, elected Consul. Ep. 5.  
I Received two letters from you, of one tenor; which was unto me a manifest sign of your diligence. For I perceived, how much you desire, that your letters more than any other thing by me expected, might be delivered me. I say therefore, they were most welcome to me: and they have made me doubtful, whether I should hold dearer; your love towards me; or the affection you did manifest towards the Commonwealth. Certainly as I judge, affection borne towards our country, is a matter of great moment; but the love, and convinction of two minds, comprehends a greater delectation. That part therefore, where you commemorate the friendship I had with your father, and the l●u● which fr●m your childhood, you bore towards me; and somewhat more, which you have written to that purpose, afforded me infinite contentment. On the other side, it was pleasing to me, to behold; how well you were disposed, both now, and ever to assist the Commonwealth. And this my contentment was the greater, because it was annexed to the masters above mentioned. Wherefore, I do not only exhort you my dear Plan●us; but effectually I entreat you; as I did in those letters, to which you so courteously made answer; that, with all your understanding, and the whole force of your mind, you will study to procure the good of the Commonwealth. There is nothing, that can redound to your greater benefit, and glory. And of all worldly things, there is not any one more excellent, and honourable, then to be beneficial to our country. I speak freely to you, because I think that you, like an affable and wise man, will accept of it as hitherto you have done. By the help of Fortune, it seems you have obtained great honours. The which, though without virtue, you could never have achieved: yet, in all men's opinion, Fortune, and the quality of the times, have had the greatest hand therein● But now, that the commonwealth stands so afflicted; every help which you shall administer, will only be attributed to yourself. It is an incredible thing, how odious Marcus Antonius is to all Citizens; except to those, who together with himself, have betrayed their country. We hope much, in you, and your army, and promise much to ourselves understand, I beseech you, how to apprehend the opportunity of such a Fortune, and so great glory. I admonish you as a son: I wish the same to you, that I do to myself: If I incite you to Action, my country, and the great love I bear you, moves me thereunto. Farewell.   

Cicero to Plancus Imperator elected Consul. Ep. 6.  
THe matters which our Furnius hath delivered touching your affection towards the Commonwealth, were very acceptable to the Senate, and highly pleasing to the people of Rome. But the letters openly read in the Senate, seemed not to confront with Furnius speeches: For in them you exhorted to peace; now, when Decimus Brutus your colleague, a ●enowned person, is beleaguered by wicked Citizens: who; arms being laid apart, either aught to seek peace; or, if they demand it with arms in hand, this peace must be obtained with victory, and not by way of accord. But Lepidus letters, and yours, concerning the persuasion of peace; how far they were accepted of, you shall understand from your brother, an excellent man; and from Caius Furnius. ay, for the affection I bear you; although you neither want counsel, neither is the love and prudent fidelity, of your brother, and Furnius, ever like to fail you: nevertheless, infinite reasons of ●ur Friendship leading me thereunto, am also moved, out of the interest I have in you, to set you down some instruction. Believe therefore, my dear Plancus, that all the degrees of honour, you have hitherto obtained, (and you have enjoyed the greatest) will be no true honours, though they carry the title, If you join not yourself with the liberty of the people of Rome and the authority of the Senate. Many in the commotions of our Commonwealth, were Consuls: but he that wrought nothing worthy of his Consulship, was never held for Consul: Such an one therefore, it is fitting that you should be. First, that you fall off from the league of wicked citizens', much unlike yourself; Then, that you resolve, to be head, principal, and conductor of the Senate, and all good men: [and] lastly, that then you judge it to be a peace; not when arms are laid down; but when all fear of arms, and servitude is removed. If you perform, and approve of these things, you shall then not only be Consul, and Consular; but also a great Con●sull, and a great Consular. But if otherwise; these so much reputed titles of honour, will not only not honour you; but call upon you great dishonour. The love I profess unto you, hath made me peradventure, to write too freely; but you shall understand, that I have spoken the truth, if you make thereof but that trial, which is requisite. Farewell.   

Plancus Imperator, elected Consul, to Cicero. Epist. 7.  
I Would write more at large unto you, of my counsels; and I would give you a particular account of all things; that you might the better conceive, that I, both according to your instructions, and mine own promise's, have done what I am able for the benefit of the Commonwealth: for I ever desired a●well your good opinion, as your love; and my in●e●tion was not to be defended by you in errors, but for my deserts to be commended: but I intent to be brief for two causes: one is, because in my public letters, I have particularly set down all things: another, by reason, that to Marcus Varisidius, a Roman knight, and my friend, I have given order, that he should come of purpose to find you out, and that he should inform you of whatsoever had occurred. Certainly I felt extreme grief, seeing others enjoyed the possession of praise: But I would attempt no enterprise, determining to prepare myself thereunto after such a manner, that I might achieve something, which might be worthy of my Consulship, and your expectation. And if Fort●ne deceive me not, I hope my design will fall out as I would have it: that every one, may both now perceive, and hereafter remember, that I have given great aid, and assistance to the Commonwealth. I beseech you be favourable to my dignity; and endeavour, that those rewards may be yielded me, which you propounded unto me in recompense of my commendable labours: which doing, you shall more incite me hereby, to the defence of my country. I know that your power herein, is equal to your desire. Be careful of your health, and love me, as I love you.   

Lucius Plancus Imperator, elected Consul; to the Consuls; Praetors; Tribunes of the people; Senate; people; and Commonalty of Rome. Epist. 8.  
IF some peradventure think, that I have held too long in suspense, the expectations of men, and the hope, which the Commonwealth had of me: I suppose it, first requisite for me to excuse me to these men; before I promise, that from this time forward, I will discharge my du●ie. For, I will not appear to have corrected an error committed: but I would it should be known, that having always borne a real mind; now, when I found a convenient time, I have discovered it. I understood myself thus far; that in so great troubles, and in such a tumultuous estate of the City, it was very profitable to give a testimony of an affectionate Citizen: and I saw diverse had received great honours; upon the like occasion; but Fortune having brought me to that pass; that if I manifested myself for you, too soon, I should frustrate my designs, and lose the hope I had to assist the Commonwealth; and in not laying myself open, I might have greater opportunities to do you service; I made choice to have a regard to common safety, more than to mine own estimation. And what man in the world, in the fortune I have had; after I had lived, as every one knows I did live; being in the hopes that I am in; could ever support any base action, or desire any, which might be dangerous? But, time, great labour, and mighty expense, was requisite; to perform that, in effects, which I to the Commonwealth, and all good men had promised; and to repair to the aid of my Courtrie, with such forces, as were answerable to my intention. It was behooveful for me, to confirm the Army, tempted oftentimes with great rewards; and to induce it, rather to hope for moderate ma●●●rs from the Commonwealth, then infinite bounties from one alone. It was convenient, to confirm diverse Cities, the which our enemies' the year pa●t, by large donatives, had obliged to themselves: whom it was expedient to persuade; that they should not esteem gifts, which proceeded from men of that condition; and that it were mo●e commendable for them to receive the same benefits, from persons, that bore a better mind towards the Commonwealth Besides thi●, It was behooveful, by policy, to win the hearts of others, which had the government of neighbour Provinces, and of the Armies: to the end they might esteem it bet●●r, to defend general liberty in the company of many; then with a few, to obtain a victory lamentable to the whole world. And besides the things forementioned, it was necessary that I should fortify myself by engrossing the Army; and, to multiply succours: to the end; that when afterwards I openly revealed my mind; then, though some took it ill, there might be no danger to make known, what part I would defend. Therefore, I will never deny, that I feigned diverse things against my will; and dissembled many with my grief; to attain my end of such designs For, how dangerous it was, for a good Citizen, before due time to manifest himself; by my Colleagues case, I had conceived. And for this respect, to Cai●s Furnius, my Legate, a valiant, & resolute man, I gave more commissions by word of mouth, then in writing: to the end, they might more secretly be to you conveied; & myself r●maine more secured. I also informed him of the provisions, which to secure the common safety, and to arm us, is behooveful. From whence it may be collected, that long since, the defence of the common wealth had in my heart made deep impression. Now, through the God's benignity, I being well furnished of all things: I desire, that men would not only hope well of me; but settle on me a secure, and infallible judgement. I find myself to have five Legions, under their Standards; for their fidelity, and valour, much affected to the Commonwealth; and, through the bounty I have used to them, as ready at my command as possibly may be. I retain the Province, together with all the Cities well affected; and more than careful to discharge their duties: [And] as many horse and foot, as these nations can raise; to defend their safe●ie and common liberty. As for me, I am so encouraged, either to defend the Province, or to go whither the Commonwealth shall summon me, or to resign, the army, succours, and Province; that I refuse not to take upon myself, even the whole brunt of the conflict: so that, by my ruin, I might but confirm my country's safety, or abate the peril. If I make these offers (every thing being now settled, and in a peaceable estate of the City,) with the prejudice of mine own praise: yet shall I rejoice in the benefit of the Commonwealth. But if the same dangers still remain: I refer myself to just judges; that may defend me from the malignity of those, that envy me. A large satisfaction ●or my endeavours, shall be the safety of the Commonwealth. I think good to entreat you, that you would take these soldiers to your special recommendation; who moved by my authority; but much more, trusting in your fidelity; have suffered themselves to be deceived with no hope, propounded to them; nor with any danger have been daunted. Farewell.   

Plancus Imperator, elected Consul to Cicero. Ep. 9  
I Am glad, that neither I, wrote rashly to you; nor you promised any thing to others erroneously, concerning me. Certainly, you have so much the greater testimony of my affection; by how much I desired my designs might be known sooner to you, then to any other. But I hope you perceive well, how my deserts towards the commonwealth, grow every day greater: and I assure you, you shall continually better know it. As for me, my Cicero, (so the Commonwealth may be freed by my help from imminent ruin) I in such manner value you● honours, and rewards; worthy questionless to be paralleled with eternity; that I will notwithstanding, without them, abate nothing of my courage, or of my constancy. If, amongst many excellent Citizens, the resolution of my mind appear not singular, and the effects remarkable: I will not, that one ●ot be by your favour added to my dignity. Now, I ask nothing in mine own behalf, rather, I affect the contrary. But, I am content, you should be the man, to dispose of the time, and affairs at your pleasure. The reward, which a Country gives to a Citizen, aught to seem neither late, nor little. I p●ssed over Rhodanus, with mine Army, the xxuj. of April. I sent a thousand Cavaliers before, to Vienna, by the shorter way, and by great days journeys I, not being hindered by Lepi●us, will be answerable in expedition. But if he oppose himself to me in the way, I'll take a course as the time permits me. I lead such an Army, as giveth great hopes; both for valour, number, and fidelity. I pray you love me: because you may perceive yourself beloved of me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Plancus Imperator electe● Consul. Ep. 10.  
THough I understood sufficiently by our friend F●r●ius, what your determination, and advice was, about the Commonwealth. Nevertheless, having read your letters, I mo●e manifestly discerned your whole intention Wherefore, though the whole fortune of the Commonwealth depends only upon one battle; which questionless, I did think by that time you should come to read this letter, would be determined: Notwithstanding by the fame only, that is dispersed of your good meaning, you h●ue gained great commendation. Whereupon, if the Consul had been at Rome: the Senate to your gre●t honour would have manifested, how acceptable your force was, and preparation: of which, the time is not only not ●ast, b●t hitherto, so far as I can judge, no● come. For that only was wont to appear vn●o me, true honour, which is con●●rred upon valiant me●; not t●rou●h hope of future benefit, but for a recompense of worthy actions. Wherefore, so there be any Common wealth, wherein honour may be re●ucent; be secure, you shall obtain all honours. And in my opinion, that which is bestowed upon men, to invite th●m to noble attempts, cannot truly be termed honour: but honour is that, which is bestowed for deeds performed. Therefore, my Plancus, strive by all means, to get praise eternal. Rescue your Country: secure your Colleague. Assist this affection, this miraculous league of all the nations: I'll help you in your occasions, I'll further you in your honours, and in all occurrents, I'll be most loving and faithful to you. For, to the many reasons, which are between us, of true and ancient amity: there is annexed the joint affection we both, bear to our Country: And this is the cause, that I prefer your life, before mine own. Farewell. The 29. of March.   

Plancus to Cicero. Ep. 11.  
I Give you, and while I live will give you infinite thanks: for, to return you deserts, I dare not promise: because I think not myself able to countervail your so many kind offices. except peradventure (as you gravely, and prudently have written) you are of this opinion, that to remember an obligation, be a rendering of good turns. If there had been an occasion, touching the honour of your own son; doubtless, you could not more affectionately have laboured therein. Your first motions; by which you sought to procure me infinite rewards: those that followed; where you applied yourself to time, and the opinion of friends; your continual, and perpetual discourse of me; your contestations made with adversaries in my defence, are very well known unto me. So that, I must take no slender care, to show myself towards the Commonwealth, a citizen worthy of your commendations; and to yourself, both mindful, & thankful. For the rest; prosecute that which you have begun: and if in effect, and trial, I prove such an one, as you have striven to set me forth; defend me, and take me into protection. Having passed my men over the river Rhodanus, and sending my brother before, with three thousand horse; In my way towards Mutina, I heard of the battle fought; and how Brutus was freed from the siege of Mutina. I considered that Antonius, and those men that remained with him, had no other receptacle but these quarters; and, that they might have two hopes; one, of Lepidus, and another of his army● one part of which, carries no better minds, than the followers of Antonius. So that I caused my cavalry to return. ay, stayed upon the territory of the All●broges, that I might be ready, as occasion served. If Antonius retire hither, without Forces: my mind gives me he may easily be resisted; and, we may effect that for the Commonwealth, which you desire; though he should be received by Lepidus army But, i● he bring men with him: and, if the old tenth Legion, the which by my means, with the others, betook themselves to our defence, shall again rebell● yet I will have an eye, that no great damage shall accrue: and th●● I hope to do, till aid may come from thence, and so being all joined together, we may more easily extirpate t●● seed of wicked Citizens In conclusion I promise you thus much● my Cicero: that neither courage, nor diligence, sh●ll be wanting on my part. To speak truth, I desire, to t●ke away all trouble remaining: but if any be left; I will give place to no man; neither in resolution, affection, o● patience in your service I endeavour also what I can, to draw Lep●●us to join 〈◊〉 this enterprise: and I offer myself in all 〈◊〉 to be at his comm●●d; so he will st●nd for the Common wealth I use h●●e●n the help and means of my brother, o● La●●ensis, and ou● friend Furnius Particular h●treds shall be no hindrance to me, but that with nay greatest enemy I will agree, for th● safety of the Commonwealth. And in case I should do no good; I will not abate my courage; and I will be more ready, and hardy then before: and peradventure, it may redound to my greater glory, that I have de●ended the Commonwealth with mine own forces only. Look to your health, and to love me, as I do you Farewell.   

Cicero to Plancus Imperator, elected Consul. Ep. 12.  
THough I ought to rejoice in the behalf of the Commonwealth, that in times of such necessity, you have so greatly assisted her: Nevertheless, may Fortune so grant, that I may embrace you a Conqueror, in the happy state of the Commonwealth; as a great part of my joy, proceedeth from your digni●y: which I know now, to be very eminent, and will also be so hereafter. For I assure you, that more acceptable letters than yours, were never recited in the Senate. And this happened, both through a singular greatness, of the good, that you have done in the Commonwealth; and also, through the gravity of the words, and sentences. Which questionless, seemed no new thing unto me, who was well informed of your valour; and called to mind, what you promised me, in the letters you sent me; and had fully also by our Furnius been advertised of your designs. But the Senate, apprehended greater matters, than were expected: not that it ever doubted of your disposition, but it had not full information, neither what you were able to do, nor what you intended to attempt. Wherefore Marcus Varisidius, having delivered me your letters, on the seven. of April in the morning; I took, in reading them, infinite contentment: and a great multitude of excellent Citizens accompanying me out of my house, I presently made them all partakers of my contentation. Afterwards came our Munatius, out of his wont custom, to see me, and I showed him your letters; for as yet he knew nothing, because Varisidius came first to me: and he said, that so you appointed him. A little after, Munatius gave me those letters to read, which you sent both to him, and to the public state. We thought good presently, to go and present the letters to Cornutus, Praetor of the City: who, because the Consuls were out of Rome, according to the ancient custom, supplied their place. The Senate was forth with convented: and almost all the Senator's assembled, through the fame and expectation of your letters. Which being recited, Cornu●us had a scruple of conscience, by reason the Pullarian soothsayers took notice, that he had not used requisite diligence, in making the divinations. And this was approved by our College. Whereupon the business was de●erred till the day following. On which day, I contended much in defence of your honour with Seruilius● who having by favour obtained, that his opinion should first be heard: the greater part of the Senate opposed him and my opinion, which was the second, to be moved, being allowed of by the greater part of the Senate: at Servilius entreaty, Publius Titius spoke against it. The matter was referred over to the next day. Servilius came provided with an unjust mind, even against jove himself: in whose Temple the matter was heard. Now, how roughly I handled him, and how roundly I cut of Titius, that opposed himself against us, I wish you may understand by other men's letters● take this only from mine: That the Senate could not be more grave, more constant, nor more favourable to your praise, then at that instant it showed itself. And yet, the Senate was not more friendly to you, than the whole City. For there was a wonderful accord to deliver the Common wealth: and all the people of Rome concur to this enterprise: prosecute therefore, as you do, and make your name eternal: and all these semblances of glory, rai●'d from vain appearances of renown; contemn them as s●ort, flitting, and transitory things. True honour consists in virtue: which illustrates itself more than any way else, by effecting great services for the Commonwealth: whereof Fortune sets bef●●e you, a most admirable opportunity. Which having once embraced● suffer it not to fly from you: but procure that the Commonwealth may be no less bound to you, than you to her. As for me, you shall perceive, that I will not only be favourable to you in honour, but I will also seek, how to augment it in you: not to fail in the office I owe, as well to the Commonwealth, which I love above myself; as also to our unfeigned amity. And in those courses which I have undertaken for the advancement of your honour, I take great delight; for, the fidelity, and wisdom of Ti●us Mana●us, otherwise hath been well known unto me, mo●● evidently perceiu●d, in the love and diligence he hath used in your occasions. Farewell.   

Cicero to Plancus Imperator, elected Consul. Ep. 13.  
Whensoever occasion was offered me, to advance your honour, I omitted nothing in your commendation; labouring, that your valour might be as well exalted with words, as acknowledged with rewards: as by the Senate's decree itself, you may perceive. For so was it recorded in writing, even as I reading the written paper of mine own hand● had persuaded: and the greater part of the Senate, followed my opinion, with singular desire, and general consent. Though I, by the letters you sent me, understood, that you were more delighted with the approof of good men, then with outward appearance of glory; nevertheless, I thought fit we should enter into consideration, though you demanded nothing, how far the Commonwealth was indebted to you. Finish you tha●, which was begun by others. And whosoever suppresseth Marcus Antonius, that man shall finish the war. And therefore Homer called neither Aiax, nor Achilles, the bane of Troy; but Ulysses. Farewell.   

Cicero to Plancus Imperator, elected Consul. Ep. 14.  
O Acceptable news, two days before the victory: of your succour, endeavour, expedition, and army. Understand, that though your enemy's be discomfited: yet all hopes remain in you: it being informed, that from the battle of Mutina, the principal Captains of the adverse par●y are fled And it will be no less acceptable to make an end of the remainder of this wicked war, then to have repelled it at the beginning. ay, questionless, together with many others, expected ere this your letters: and I was in hope, that Lep●lus also, admonished by the sequel, ●ould have united himselve with you, and the Commonwealth. Prosecute it therefore, my Plancus, to this issue; that not a spark of that abominable war, may remain vnquenched● which if you procure, the Commonwealth shall acknowledge from you an infinite benefit, and yourself shall purchase eternal glory. Farewell.   

Plancus Imperator to Cicero. Epist. 15.  
Having written these letters, I thought it imported the commonwealth, that you should understand what followed. My carefulness, as I hope, hath produced good effects, both to myself, and to the commonwealth. For by daily means, I wrought with Lepidus, that all private contestation laid apart, and being reconciled with me; with joint affection we might succour the commonwealth; and that he should make more account of himself, of his children, and of his country; then of a wretched, and base robber: and that in so doing, he should dispose of me in all things at his pleasure. I have therefore obtained my purpose by the means of Laterensis. He hath given me his fidelity, that he will persecute Marcus Antonius with arms, if he cannot keep him far from his Province. Entreating me withal, that I would approach, and join my forces with his. And so much the rather, because it was reported, that Antonius was strong in cavalry, and Lepidus hath but a small troop of horse: and of those few he had; not many days before, ten of the best came away from him, into my Campe. Which when I heard, I made no delay, supposing it requisite, that I should aid Lepidus, while he had so good an intention. I saw, what benefit my arrival would procure, either because with my cavalry, I might pursue, and defeat Antonius' horse; or because that part of Lepidus army, which had been seduced, and alienated from the Commonwealth, by the presence of my Army, might be bridled, and kept under. Whereupon, making a bridge, in one day, over Isara, a great r●uer, that runs upon the confines of the Allobroges, I passed over with my Army, the xii of May. But it being told me th●t Lucius Antonius, sent b●fore with horse and foot, was come into Forum I●lij, the xiv. of May I sent my brother, with four thousand horse, to affront him. And I by speedy days journeys, with four expedite Legions, and with the r●st of the horse, will follow after. If the fortune of the common wealth afford us never so little favour, we shall here make an end of the insolency of these rascals, and our own trouble. If that thief, upon our coming begin again to retire himself into Italy; It will be Brutus' part to confront him: to whom I know, neither courage nor counsel will be wanting. Notwithstanding myself, if this happen, will send my brother with the horse, to pursue him, and to defend Italy from foraging. Have a care of your health, and as I love you, love me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Plancus. Epist. 16.  
Dear Plancus I have seen nothing ●uer happen more glorious, nothing more acceptable, nor in respect of the time itself also, more opportune than your letters. For in a full Senate, they were presented to Cornutus, at the same instant, when he had read the most inconstant, and cold [letter's] of Lepidus. After which, yours were presently recited, whereupon great shouts arose. For, besides their being most acceptable for the matters they contained, and ●or your benefits, and affection towards the Commonwealth, they were replenished with most grave words, and sentences. The Senate importuned Cornutus, that he would presently propound about your letters. He said he would consider thereof; whereupon receiving a great cherke from the whole Senate, five T●ibun●s of the people, cons●ited of them. S●r●ius at the instance of some others, p●o●longed the matter. I delivered such an opinion, that all agreed thereunto. Of what tenor it was, by the Senate's decree you shall understand. you, though you need no counsel, but are rather fit to counsel another: must nevertheless bear this mind; not to refer any thing hither: and upon these so sudden, and urging accidents, not to think to demand Council of the Senate. Be you a Senate to yourself: Whither soever the benefit of the Commonwealth calls you, go that way: and procure that we may hear of some notable action, before we can suppose, you went about it. I assure you, that whatsoever you achieve, the Senate will approve it, not only as loyally, but wisely undertaken. Farewell.   

Plancus Imperator to Cicero. Epist. 17.  
Antonius' the xv. of May, came with his vanguard into Forum julij. Ventidius lies two day's journey from him. Lepidus is expected at Forum Voconij. Which place from Forum julij, is four and twenty miles distant. There he means to attend me, as he hath written to me. Whereupon, if no alteration grow, either from him, or Fortune; upon my credit, I promise you, presently to accomplish this enterprise, according to your desire. I wrote last unto you, how my brother, overcome with continual travail, and posting up and down, was grievously sick: nevertheless so soon as he was able to march; esteeming that he was recovered, not so much for himself, as for the Commonwealth, he refused not to be the foremost in all dangers. But I have not only exhorted, but enforced him, to repair thither: first, because being yet weak, he might rather prejudice himself, then further me: and then; because I thought that the Commonwealth remaining naked by the lamentable death of the Consuls, might have need of such a Citizen to be Praetor in the affairs of the city● wherein, if any of you commend me not: know, that there wanted prudence in me to advise him, and not any fidelity in him towards his country. Lepidus hath in conclusion performed that, which I desired, In s●nding me Ap●ll● for hostage of his fidelity: and of the league concluded between us in defence of the Commonwealth. Lucius Gellius, one of the three Segavian brethren, hath made me understand his good disposition therein: and last of all I have used him as a means with Lepidus. Of whom I willingly give testimony, and will ever render it to them that deserve well. Be careful of your health, and love me in the same manner, that I love you: and take my honour to your protection, as hitherto most lovingly you have done.   

Plancus to Cicero Epist. 18.  
WHat I was resolved of, when ●●uius, and Nerua departed f●om me; by the letters I gave them, as also by themselves, you may apprehend who were present, at all my Actions, and at all my Counsels. That, hath befallen me, which to a man jealous of his honour, and desirous to satisfy the commonwealth, and all good men, is wont to happen: That, to discover my good inten●ion, I followed a course which was rather dangerous, then secure; which by malignant minds might be controlled. Whereupon a●ter the departure, of the Ambassadors, seeing that Lepidus with two letters, one after another, entreated me to come: and Laterensis, much more fervently as it were with tears, conjured me to the same: for no other cause, but in that he feared the instability, and infidelity of his army; of the which I al●o stand in fear: I thought it fit to succour him; and to expose my s●l●e to danger, for his safety though I knew, it had been a far more secure course to have been attending upon Isara, while Brutus had passed over his Army; and joined with him, as the custom of the wars is, to have marched against the enemy. But if Lepidus being well affected, had received the least prejudice, I saw all this would have been ascribed, ei●her to my obstinacy, or fear: to my obstinacy; because it would have been said, that I had abandoned a good citizen, for some particular enmities: for fear; because in so necessary a war, I had avoided battle. So that, I le●t that secure course; supposing it better to expose myself to danger, that with my presence, I might defend Lepidus, and over-awe his army; Questionless I think, there never was any man, more sorrowful, for de●●cts that were not his own●. For whereas, the ma●ter was no ways doubtful: now, when the Army of Lepidus fails, it d●●ues me to gr●at care, and seems unto me, as it is; a point of great importance. For if I had been the first to encounter with Antonius: he s●ould no● doubtless have held out an hour●● so confident I am in myself, and so much I contemn his shack-ragge people, and those of Ventidius the Mule-driver. But I cannot but greatly fear, being suspicious, least under the skin there be some hidden wound, the which may first festor, before it can be discovered, or cured. But certainly, if we encamped not both in one place, both Lepidus himself would be in great danger, and that part of the army, which is well inclined towards the Commonwealth. Our wicked enemies had also made great profit, if they had gleaned any men from Lepidus. Which disorders, i● by my arrival I do remedy, I shall thank Fortune, and mine own constancy, which incited me to make this trial. Wherefore the xxi of May, I removed the Camp, from the River of Isar●, leaving the bridge yet standing there, which I made upon it, with two Towers, at each end one; and with a strong guard: to the end, that to Bru●us, who was coming; and to his army, without any delay, the pa●●age might be ready. I hope within eight days after the date of these presents, I shall unite myself with Lepidus forces. Farewell.   

Cicero to Plancus Imperator. Epist. 19  
THough my desire was not, that you should thank me; knowing, how exceeding thankful, b●●h in thought, and deeds themselves, you are: yet, (I must confess,) it contented me above measure. For I have seen, as men with the eye behold objects; that you love me. You●le say, what did you before? To deal truly, I always saw it; but never more apparent. Your letters are wondrous welcome to the Senate; aswell for the affairs themselves, which were weighty, and great; compassed by an invincible spirit, and with deep consideration: as also, for the gravity of the words, and sentences. But, noble Plancus, strive to the utmost of your power, to bring this war to a period. Thu● shall you arrive unto the depth of favour, and the height of glory. I wish all good unto the Commonwealth: but I give you my faith, that finding myself now wearied out in conserving her, I do not much more seek her profit, than your glory. Of which the eternal gods having, as I hope, offered you all opportunity; embrace it I beseech you● For, it is he shall make an end of this most impious, and dangerous war; that subdues, Au●onius. Farewell.   

Cicero to Plancus. Ep. 20.  
ALL news were so uncertain, that came from thence, as I knew not what to write unto you. For sometimes we heard such things of Lepidus as we wi●hed, other whiles the contrary. Of you notwithstanding, there was a constant report, ●hat none can either deceive, or vanquish you. In the one of which things Fortune ha●h a hand; the other is proper to your own wisdom. But I received letters from your Colleague, dated the xxv. of May: wherein was contained, how you had written to him, that Lepidus gave no entertainment to Antonius. The which will be more certain if you write the same unto us. But you dare not peradventure do it, by reason of the vain joy of the le●ters past. But, as you might well err, my Plancus, (for who is he that errs not?) so 'tis well known to every one, that it was impossible you should be out-reached● And now, you cannot only, not be deceived, but you can no more err; because the very vulgar reprehends that man, who stumbles twice upon one and the same stone. But if the matter so stands, as you write to your Colleague; We are rid of all care: but to assure ourselves thereof, we expect your letters. This, in brief, as many times I have written unto you, is my opinion: whosoever cuts off the relics, he will carry away the glory, to have ended the whole war. Which honour, I wish, may be yours, and I am confident, it will be so. Touching the diligence I have used in your affairs; which undoubtedly could not be greater; I am exceeding well pleased that you take it in so good part: and I wonder not, for I conceived as much. But if matters pass well there, you shall observe my diligence to be greater; and in far greater effects. Farewell. The xxix. of May.   

Plancus to Cicero. Epist. 21.  
I Should be ashamed of the inconstancy of my letters, if it had not grown from another's levity. I have assayed all means, to unite myself with Lepidus, in defence of the Commonwealth: to the end, that with your less molestation, we might be able to resist wicked Citizens. All things he demanded, I have promised, and proffered him of mine own good will. And I wrote unto you two days since, how I trusted, that Lepidus would help me; and follow the war with common consent. I gave credit to the letters of his hand, upon Laterensis affirmation, being present: who then was with me, and entreated me to be reconciled to Lepidus, and to give him credit I could not long conceive this good hope of him. I looked narrowly to the matter; and will be careful, that through my credulity, the State of the Commonwealth suffer no detriment. Having passed the river Isara with my army, a bridge being in one day made over the same, and using expedition therein, according to the importance of the business; he having requested me by letters, that I should hasten my coming; his messenger came to me, with other letters; wherein he advised me, that I should not come: for, he could perform the service of himself: [and] in the mean while, I should stay for him, at Isara. I will lay open unto you the rash course I had meant to have undertaken. ay, notwithstanding was resolved to go; imagining, that he was not desirous to have any companion in the glory [of the service. Yet] conceiving that he was beyond measure, ambitious of this honour: I would not attempt any thing therein, but only lie in places near hand; to the end, that if need required, I might be able without delay to succour him. This I simply cast in my head: but behold, Lat●rensis, a sincere man, wrote unto me with his own hand, and to my friends in like manner; showing, that he had no more hope of himself, nor of the Army, or of Lepidus fidelity; and lamenting, that he was betrayed. wherein he plainly admonish●t me, that I should take heed of being deceived: that he was no more bound to that, he promised: that I should not be wanting to the Commonwealth. I have given the copy of his letters to Titius, the Originals themselves, and those to which I give credit, and those to which I supposed no credit was to be given, I will deliver to Laeu●● Cispius, to be conveyed: who was present at all these things: To help the matter; Lepidus speaking in public; his soldiers wicked, and disloyal of themselves; and being also corrupted by the R●freni, and Canidij, their Commanders; and by others, whom, when time serves, you shall know; cried out, (See the charity of that men) that they would have peace; and, that they would not sight with any, having seen the death of two famous Consuls, and of so many Citizens for their Country; and the Commonwealth having banished, as rebellious, all Antonius followers, and confiscated their goods: and Lepidus never punished them, for this their disloyalty, nor did he in any sort remedy the same. And, had I come thither, and unto two Armies lying together, exposed a loyal, and faithful Army; great succours; the Princes of Gallia; and the whole Province: I saw, what a wonderful folly and temereity it would have been: and, that when I had been defeated, and had with myself ruined the Commonwealth, th●re was none that in my de●th, would have afforded me any honour; nor have had so much as compassion of me; whereupon I am to return back: nor will I endure, that vagabonds shall have so great a fortune. I will seek to plant mine Army in places of advantage, to defend the Province; though Le●idus Army do rebel against us; [and] to preserve every thing in it present state and condition, till you, from thence, send succours; and may wi●h equal felicity here also defend the Commonwealth. Neither to fight, if occasion se●ue; nor to endure a siege, if it be necessary: nor to dye, if the case so fall out, in your service; shall any be more ready than myself. I exhort you therefore, my Cicero, to procure, that fr●sh men be sent out of hand, before the enemy grow stronger, and we more daunted. Wherein, if expedition be used, the Commonwealth shall remain in possession of victory, and the wicked be extirpated. Be careful of your health, and wish me well. I think I shall not need to excuse myself to you; though my bro●h●r, a valiant Citizen, and ready for all services, be not come thither. By running up and down, he hath gotten a continual sever, ●nd very troublesome. As soon as he can, I will procure him to c●rne without delay: th●t he may in no place fail the Commonwealth [o● his service]. I pray you, be tender over my reputation. It is not requisite that I s●ould desi●e any thing at your hands, knowing that ●ou do and may, as I desire, infinitely love me. Your kindness toward me, how great you will it shall be, and in wh●t time demonstrated, I l●●ue to your consideration. Now may de●●●e is, that you wou●d procure me Hirtius place, for the l●ue that you bear me, and for the observance that I owe you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Plancus. Epist. 22.  
ALL our hope is in you, and your Colleague: and we attend good effects from divine favour. Your agreement, which the Senate understands by your letters, hath given wonderful contentment, both to the Senate, and also to the whole City. What you writ unto me about the division of the Camps; if the Senators had been solicited for their opinions, I should have joined with him, that had yielded the honourablest opinion of you: which sentence, I myself would have pronounced: but, seeing that the time would draw us on too long, by reason of the opinions delivered in sundry matters, of which, none concluded any thing; it seemed very convenient to me, and to your brother Plan●us, to make use of that decree; about which, who, was an impediment, that it was not made according to our mind, I suppose, by the letters of your said brother, you have understood. But, if you desire any thing, either in the Senate's decree, or in any other respect: be persuaded of this, that the affection, all good men bear you is so great, that you can imagine no kind of ho●our, how great so ever, which you may not easily obtain. I expect, with great desire, your letters; and expect them, such as I exceedingly desire, they should be. Farewell.   

Plancus to Cicero. Epist. 23.  
I Will never repent, my Cicero, to have undergone great perils, for my country; so that, when any misfortune befalls me, I may not be taxed with temereity. I would confess I had erred through in discretion, if I had ever of mine own head given credit to Lepidus: for credulity is rather an error, than an offence: and indeed it easily falls into the mind of all honest men. But this was not the defect that had almost deceived me. For I knew Lepidus too well. What was it then? the regard of my honour, which in the wars, is of great importance, urged me to expose myself to this danger. For if I should not have united myself with Lepidus, I feared, lest some malign fellow might have suggested, that I made more account of that private enmity which was betwixt us, then of the interest of the Commonwealth; and also that I nourished the war, by my protraction. Whereupon, I lead my men, almost in sight of Antonius, and L●pidus, encamping myself some forty miles from them; with design, that I might presently make an approach, or retire myself, without loss. I had these respects, in making choice of the place. Fi●st, to have the river before me, where●s the● should stay to pass ou●r. Then, that the Vocont●● should b● nee●e me, that so I might securely m●r●h with my men, through their country. L●pidus, being o●t of hope of my coming; the which he watched carefully, to suprise me; joined with A●t●nius, the xxix. of May: and the very same day, they moved their Camp towards me. When they w●re within twenty miles of me; I h●ard thereof. I laboured by the gods help, with celerity, so to ret●●e myself; without making show of flight; that not a Soldier, foot, or horse, nor any of the carriages might be lost, or intercepted by those ravenous the●ues. Whereupon the iiij. of june, I passed over Isara, with all my m●n, and I cut down the bridges, I had made thereon: to the end that my people might have time to be reincouraged● and that in the mean while I might join with Brutus, whom I expected three days after the date of this present, I must ever confess, that our Laeterensis, was of a singular fidelity, and courage towards the Commonwealth; but certainly, his too great trust in Lepidus, per●i●ted him not to foresee th● d●nger, wh●ch might ensue; who seeing himself deceived, and be●trayed by ●epidus, would have slain himself ●i●h his own hand: seeking to do● that to his own body, which he should have performed upon L●pidus: In which case he b●ing hindered, he yet liveth, and as it is said, he will escape it. But nevertheless, of this, I have little certainty. ay, to the traitors great grief, have escaped their hands. For they came ●nraged against me, with the same fu●ie, that they came against their country. Whereunto they had fresh provocations: because I had continually solicited Lepidus to end the war: because they reproved the meetings hel● [to this end] because I denied the Ambassadors, to come into my presence, which were sent under Lepidus safe conduct; because I intercepted Caius Caninius Vestinus. Tribune of the soldiers, sent unto him from Marcus Antonius, with letters. Wherein, I take this contentment; t●at certainly, the more they sought to entr●p me, the more grie●e 'twas to them, that they had no success therein. Look you, my Cicero, to do that which hitherto you have done, [that is] carefully, and stoutly to favour us, that follow the wars. Let C●sar come, with all his mighty forces; or if any thing hinder him, let his army be sent: considering that he also is in great danger. Whatsoever force this accursed society could make against their country, is by this time at the highest. And for the City's security, why should we not use all our forces? I certainly, for what concerns myself, if you that are there fa●le not, will every way give sufficient satisfaction to the Commonwealth. Questionless, dear Cicero, my love to you daily increaseth, and the benefits you daily confer upon me, augment my care, that I may not lose a jot, either of your love, or opinion. I desire, that in presence, with my observance, and endeavour, I may now at length show you, that I am mindful of your deservings: to the end that you may remain satisfied for that, which you have performed in the behalf of my honour. Farewell: the vi. of june, from Civaro, on the confines of the Allobr●ges.   

Plancus Imperator, elected Consul, to Cicero. Epist. 24.  
I Cannot but give you thanks, for all your favours, and deserts: but in truth I am ashamed to do it. For neither to so great a friendship, as you have pleased to hold with me, seems it that ceremonial offices are befitting; neither do I, for so great benefits received from you, seek willingly to give you words for recompense. I had rather personally, by observing you, by pleasing you, and by being continually about you, give you to understand; that I think upon my obligation. But while life lasts me, I will exceed all acceptable amities, and religious affinities, in observing, pleasing, and courting you. For the love you bear me, and the opinion you retain of me, whether it will procure me more perpetual honour, or more daily content, I cannot easily determine. Concerning the benefit of the soldiers. I see you have had a c●re: whom I; not by reason of my greatness, (for I am privy to mine own mind, that I affect nothing, which is not profitable) have sought they may be rewarded by the Senate: but, first of all, because I judged, that they had so deserved; and then, in that my intention was, that upon every occasion, they might have been more engaged to the Commonwealth: and finally, that alienating their minds, from whomsoever would attempt to corrupt them● I might still uphold them in that good affection towards you, wherein hitherto th●y have continued. We have as yet kept things in the state they were. Which course of ours; though I conceive, how desirous men a●e of such a victory, (and not without reason;) yet I hope, by you 'twill be approved. For, if any discomfiture should light in these Armies, the Commonwealth ha●h no great succours on ●oot, by which, the sudden violence, and impious wills of traitors might be resisted: and I think ●y forces are well known unto ●ou. In my Camp there are three old legions, and one of fresh men, flourishing above all the r●st: and in Bru●us Camp one old Legion; another of soldiers of two years standing; and eight, of new supplies. And so the a●mie is mighty in number, and little in power. And i● battles, what confidence may be put in fresh soldiers; ●x●●ri●nce hath t●o much taught us. Wi●h 〈◊〉 fo●ces of our Army's, if the A●●rican host, which is of old soldiers; or that of Octavian's were conjoined, 〈◊〉 would willingly come to a battle, and expose the Common wealth ●o hazard. It is true, that for what belongs to Octavian, we did see the effect something near. I have not failed to persuade him by letters: and he hath always affirmed, that he would come without any delay: and now I perceive, that, changing this resolution, he enter● into other designs Nevertheless, I have sent unto him our friend F●rnius, with commission and letters, to see whether he can work [any thing ●ith him.] You know, good Cicer●, ●●uching the loving of Octaui●nu●, that I accompany you: either because being familiar with Caesar, when he lived, it was then fit for me to embrace and love him: or else because he, so far as I could discern, was of a m●st discreet, and affable condition: or ●lse, in that I having entertained so inward amity with C●sar; me thinks it were a bru●●ish thing, not to retain Octau●anus in the same degree: who by his, and your judgement, was adopted in place of a son. But what I write unto you, I sweere, I rather write it out of grief, than any rancour. That Antonius at this day lives; that Lepid●s io●nes with him; that they have armies of no small account; that they hope; that they dare attempt; they may acknowledge it wholly from Octauianu●. Neither will I rip up things past; but at the same instant when he offered to come, if he had come; the war had either now been finished, or out of Italy; and to their great prejudice reduced into Spain, which is their greatest enemy. Now, what reason moved Octavianus: or who advised him, that from so great a glory, and so necessary for himself, and his security, he fell off, and turned his mind, to demand so foolishly [or with such an insulting importunity] the two months Consulship, to the great amazement of men; I cannot imagine. And as for the present necessity, I am of opinion, his friends may move him greatly, no less to his own, than the benefit of the commonwealth. Yourself may also do much, as I think: from whom he hath [received] as great benefits, as any man living, except myself. For I will never forget, how I stand bound unto you, for infinite respects, and of greatest moment. I have enjoined Furnius to treat with him of these things. And if he will believe, and follow my counsel, as he ought: he shall thereby reap a great advantage. In the mean while we sustain the war, upon hard conditions. For neither do we judge, that we may very securely come to battle; nor yet, by avoiding it, would we give occasion, that the Commonwealth might receive greater prejudice. But if Octavianus have any regard of his honour; or that the African Legions come out of hand; We will work so, that you shall be secure in these parts. I pray you love me, as you have begun; and persuade yourself, that I am yours as much, as your own nearest proprieties. This xxviij of julie, from the Campe.   

Cicero to Caius Furnius. Epist. 25.  
IF it import, as men suppose, that you, as you have begun, and hitherto have done, should ●ndeuour yourself ●or the benefit of the Commonwealth; and be conversant in weighty employments, which belong to the extinguishing of the relics of the war: it seems you cannot undertake any thing better, more commendable, or more honest. And I ●m of opinion, that this your endeavour, diligence, and affection towards the Commonwealth, is to be preferred before the Praetorship: the which, not being ●et time, you sue for. For I would h●u● you understand how great praise you have purchased, the which certainly is in a manner equal to that of Plancus; and by Plancus own testimony; and beside, by fame; and the knowledge of every man. Wherefore I advice you, not to depart from thence, till every spark of the war remaining, be extinguished: for, nothing can procure you greater honour. And you know, honour should above all things be preferred. And when you think you have given full satisfaction to the Commonwealth; then, I would counsel you, to come out of hand, and demand the Praetorship; in that Praetors are shortly to be created. But take heed, that this ambitious haste, diminish nothing of that glory we have attained. Many men of renowned fame, being abroad in the service of the Commonwealth, forbore to come to Rome, that year, that was allotted them, to stand for Magistracy. Which you should so much the rather do, because this is, not your proper year: but if you had been Aedile two years since, then this had been your year. Now, though you should forbear to demand the Praetorship, it will not seem that you have omitted a moment, of the usual and ordinary time of demanding it. And when Plancus shall be Cousull, though without his help, you might easily obtain it; nevertheless, I see, that then your demand will be, with far greater reputation; so that, matterrs there succeed, as they are wished. I know 'twas not necessary, for me, to speak much to this purpose; knowing you to be wise, and of profound judgement: but I was desirous y●u should understand my opinion; of which this is the sum: that I would wish you to be carried, rather by true honour, than ambition: and to esteem greater benefit to consist in the perpetuity of your ●r●is●; then in the hastening of a Praetorship. These very points have I discussed at home, in the presence of my brother Quintus, and of C●cina, and Ca●●isiu●, your dearest friends; Dardanu● your freeman, being there, at the same instant. All of them thought, that I was herein of a sound opinion, yet I refer my sel●e to your mature judgement. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Furnius. Epist. 26.  
Having read your letters, wherein you intimated, that it was requisite, either to let the N●rbon●ns●s depart, or with danger to join battle: I was much perpl●xed● through doubt of the fight: and now, I am glad to understand, that you h●ue shunned it. As touching that you write unto me, about the concord of Plancus and Brutus: I herein repose great hope of victory. Of the affection of the Galli, we shall one day understand, as you write, who was the principal occasion. But, I assure you, we know it already. Whereupon, reading your most pleasant letters, I was, towards the end, a little moved, in that you wrote; that if the creation of Praetors were put over to the month of August, you would come out of hand: and sooner, if they were created already; not to appear more foolish with your own peril. Oh, my Furnius, how ill, you manage your own occasions. Considering, that you so easily learn to prosecute another man's. You suppose now, that you are to be one of the elected, to stand for the Praetorship: and you resolve, either to come in all post, to be at the Creation, or else it being past, to come, to remain at your own house. And this you write, you'll do; affirming, that to proceed any further in the dangers of the wars, were but a mere folly, for it would cost you too dear. I think you speak not in good earnest, knowing you, to be desirous of true praise. But if your mind be answerable to your words, I reprehend not so much you, as myself, which before this time, could no better look into you. To obtain then a Magistracy before the time, which is ordinarily bestowed on every man; and is of no great reputation, being attained unto, as the most part do; would you lose so many attributes of hovor, by which every one deservedly, extols you to the skies? It precisely importeth you, rather to be made Praetor at this creation, then at that which is to come. The main point is, that you so steed the Commonwealth, that afterwards, all honour and Magistracy may be due unto you. Do you not see now, to what an high degree you are mounted? or care you not ●or it? If you perceive it not, I hold you excused: the blame is mine. But if you discern it; how is it possible, that you can prefer this Praetorship, either before a duty, which every man stands bound to pay unto his Country? though few do pay it; or to renown? which usually is dearest to all men. In this, I, and Caluisius, a very wise man, and your great friend, condemn every day your judgement. And yet with all our power, we labour, to prorogue the Creation, till januarie; we judging, that for many respects, it may redound to the benefit of the Commonwealth. Conquer therefore, and live in health.   

Cicero to Marcus Lepidus, Epist. 27.  
Having, in respect of the infinite love I bear you, an hearty desire, that you should attain to some supreme, and high degree of honour: I took it ill, that you returned not thanks to the Senate; having been preferred, by those orders, to eminent honours. That you are desirous to labour a peace between fellow Citizens, I am glad; If you can but quit that peace from servitude, you shall benefit the Commonwealth, and ●our own honour. But if this peace be, to re-establish that same bad fellow, in the possession of his unbridled dominion; conceive that all good men are of this resolution, rather to dye free, then live in servitude. And therefore in my judgement, you shall do far more wisely; not to interpose yourself in this accord: of which, neither Senate, people, nor any honest man receives contentment. But these matters you shall understand from others, or else be certified of them by letters. You, according to your accustomed wisdom, may be able to resolve, what is best. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Trebonius. Epist. 28.  
OH how I wished, that you had invited me, to that same glorious banquet o● the xv. of March: none of those relics should have remained, which put us now to so much trouble, that, that divine piece of service of yours, performed in behalf of the Commonwealth, is accompanied with some blemish. And because that wicked wretch was taken at one side by you, (though I know, you did it to a good end) and [that] through your favour, this pestilence yet lives though I ought not, yet● I cannot choose sometimes, but I must be half angry with you. For, you have left more molestation to me alone, then to all others whatsoever. Because, so soon as after the reproachful departure of Mar●us A●tonius, the Senate could freely be as●emble●; I returned to defend the Commonwealth, with that undaunted mind, I was accustomed; for which, you, together with your Father, a most noble Citizen, have ever commended, and loved m●e● By rea●on, that the Tribunes of the people having summoned the Senate, the xx. of D●c●mber, and another business being propounded, I sp●ke in general, touching the sta●e of the Commonwealth: and my courage transporting me further than my wit, I so effected, that the Senate, now crazy, & languishing, seemed to reassume its former vigour, & custom. This was the first day, that the people of Rome, moved by the efficacy of my words, and actions, conceived som● hope of recovering their liberty. And yet after that, I omitted no time, not only to bethink me, but to endeavour something also for the benefit of the Commonwealth. And, if I thought not, that you had particular advertisement, by some other means, of that which passeth in Rome: ay, though most busied, would not be wanting therein, to give you satisfaction. But I know you shall have notice thereof, by the letters of some of your other friends: from me you shall understand some few matters, and that briefly. We have a worthy Senate; the Consulars partly fearful, and partly ill affected. Great prejudice did accrue by the death of Servius Sulpicius. Lucius Caesar carries a very good mind: but because he is Antonius Uncle, he proceedeth not so freely. The Consuls can be no better than they are. Decimus Brutus bears himself wondrous well: and so does Caesar the youth: who, I hope, will prosecute, as he hath begun. Be● assured of this; that if he had not presently taken into pay the old companies; and if two Legions of Antonius Army, had not come under his command; and th●t this terror h●d not opposed him; there is no impiety, or cruelty, which Antonius would not have committed. Though I supposed you had heard of these things, yet I was willing to lay them more open unto you. I will write more at large, when time permits me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Ampius. Ep. 29.  
WIth what care I h●ue laboured about your affairs, and safety, I suppose your friends have certified: who I know on my part remain well satisfied. Neither will I yield to them, though they bear you singular love, ●hat they should affect your good above myself. But necessarily they must grant this unto me, that now, I can do you more good, than they can. Which certainly I have not ●ailed to perform, no● ever will. And I hau● already discharged it in a most important matter, & laid th● foundations of your safety. Be of good cheer, and rouse up your spirits: being most assured, that I will never fail you, in any occurrent whatsoever: the sixth of july. Farewell.   

Servius Galba to Cicere. Epist. 30.  
THe xuj. of April, on which Pansa should have been in Hirtius Camp, with whom I was, (for I went an hundr●d miles to meet him, that he might come the sooner;) Antonius with two Legions, the second, and the five and thirtieth, and two Praetorian Cohorts, one, his own, another of Si●anus, and a part of the extern, or outlandish soldiers, came marching towards vs● imagining that we had only four Legions: But Hirtius sent by night, the Martian Legion, which was wont ●o be under my command, and two Praetorian c●horts; to the end we might come more securely to his Campe. At the discovery of Antonius cavalry; the Martian Legion, and Praetorian cohorts advanced & pressed on. And we of force followed, because we could not retain them. Antonius had his men at Forum Gall●rum; neither would he hau● had it known, th●t he h●d the Legions● only he made a show, of his cavalry, and of some light armed troops. When P●nsa s●w the Legion advance without his leave, he commanded that two Legions of new souldier● should follow them Wh●n we had passed t●e narrow straits of the marshes and woods, we ordered a squadron of twelve cohorts. The two Legions were yet scarce come v●, when Antonius conducted his people out of the Borough, and without delay came to an assault. At the beginning, they sought so, that they could not on either side have fought more fiercely. But the right wing, wherein I was, with eight cohorts of the Martian Legion, at the ●irst charge, put to rout, the thirty fifth Legion of Antonius, ●o that from the place where the fight began, it pursued them above half a mile. Whereupon the Cavalry intending to inu●ron or hem our wing abo●t, I began to retire, and to oppose my light armed, to the Morish horse, to the end they might not assail our men in the rearguard. In the mean while I perceived, that I was in the midst of Antonius troops, and that behind, Antonius himself, was not far of. I presently spur●ed towards that fresh Legion, which came from the Camp, clapping my shield to my B●cke. Antonius' troops pursued me, and our own men began to throw darts at me: and it was great fortune that I escaped, had not our comp●n●es presently discovered me. Also ●n the way A●m●lia, w●ere Caesar's Praetorian cohort was, they fought a long ti●e. The left wing, which was very weak, wherein were two cohorts of the Martian Legion, and the Praetorian cohort, began to retire, being environed with the cavalry, wherein Antonius is very strong. When all our squadrons were retired, I myself also began to retire unto the Campe. Antonius as Conqueror, thought he might have ceased on our Tents: whereunto being come, he there lost many of his men, and did otherwise no good. When Hirtius heard of this success, with twenty old cohorts, he came and assailed Antonius, as he returned to his Camp: and hewed all his men in pieces, and put them to flight, in the same place, where they fought at Forum Gallorum. Antonius' four hours after Sunne-setting, with his Corne●s retired to his tents at Mutina. Hirtius betook him to those lodgings from whence Pansa issued; where he had le●t two Legions, which were confronted by Antonius. And so Antonius hath lost the greatest part of his old soul●ie●s; but not without some weakening of our Praetorian C●horts, and the Martian Legion. We won two Aegle, and three●core colours of Antonius; the victory was ours. This twentieth of Aprill● From the Campe. Farewell.   

Caius Asinius Pollio to Cicero. Epist. 31.  
YOu need not marvel, that I have not written any thing unto you, about the Commonwealth, since the war began. For ●he Castulonensian forest, which hath ever stayed our posts, though it be now fuller of thieves then ever; yet procures it not so much delay, as they do, who being dispersed in all quarter's, by the one, & other side, seek after Posts, and detain them. For which cause, if letters had not been conveyed by Sea, I could have known of nothing, that passed with you. Now, having found opportunity, in that they begin to go by sea, I will very willingly, and as oft as I can write unto you. There is no fear that I should be moved to discourse of his works, who, though there be none, that can abide to see him, yet is he not so hated of men as he deserveth. For I so abhor him, that I account every thing odious, in which he hath a finger: and my nature, & studies draw me to a desire of peace, and liberty. Whereupon, I often bitterly bewailed that beginning of the civil war. But being enforced to betake myself, to one of the parts, for I had great enemies of all sides: I fled that Camp, wherein I knew I could ●ot be secure, from the complots of mine enemy. Being driven thither, whither I would not: not to be in the number of the last, I courageously exposed myself to dangers. But because Caesar, in so great a Fortune, having known me but a little before, held me in that esteem he held his ancientest familiars, I loved him with the greatest affection and fidelity I could. Those things which I could discharge according to mine own mind, I so performed, that every honest man commended me: and that which was imposed on me, I effected after such a fashion, as it was well known, that I did it as constrained, and against mine own inclination. The hatred of which actions, unjustly borne me, might well teach me, how fair a thing liberty was, and how unhappy that life, which is led under an Aristocracy. And therefore if now men strive, that once again, every thing should be reduced under a Monarchy: whosoever he be, I protest myself an enemy to him: neither is there any danger, from which I withdrew myself, in the prosecution of liberty; or whither, I seek not to be sent. But the Consuls, neither by the Senate's decree, nor by their own letters, gave me commission what I s●ould do. For I at the last received but one letter after the xiij● of Ma●ch, from Pansa; wherein he advised me to write to the Sena●e, that I remain at his command with the A●mie. Which was nothing to the purpose; Lepi●us affirming in his public declamations, an● writing to every one, that he stood fo● Anteni●●: For with what provision in his despite, could I conduct the Legions through his Province? Or, if I had p●ssed ●he test, could I also fl●e over the Alps, whi●h were guarded by his people? Besides, letters co●ld by no meanus, ●aue had sec●●e pass●●e. F●r in infinite places, men lay hold o● th● curtie●'s, and they are also det●●●●● by Lepi●●●: No man can 〈…〉 ●●rduba, spe●ki●g to the A●mie, I spoke this● tha● I was not to resi●●e th● Province, bu● to him, that by the S●nat●s order was come ●or that purpose. For, to assign over the 〈◊〉 Legion, how grea●●●stance was made unto me, I cannot sufficiently set down in writing: the which i● I had resigned, I knew how mu●h more weak ● h●d remained ●or ●he service of the Commonwealth. For, do● no● imagine, that any greater courage● or expedition i● fight can be required, than 〈◊〉 in this Legion Wherefore, reta●ne this opinion of me, that I 〈◊〉 infinitely desi●e peace; (●or certainly I wish the preservation of all Citizens) and next of all, that I am prepared to restore the commonwealth, and myself to liberty. Whereas you write that you hold my domestical acquaintance, in the number of yours: it pleaseth me beyond your own valuation. And yet I envy him, that he walks and jests with you. You'll demand, how much I esteem of this? if ever I be permitted to live in a reposed life, you shall know it. For I will not start an inch from you. I much wo●der, that you wrote not unto me; wh●●her remaining in the Province, o● leading mine Army into jealie, I might giu● best satisfaction to the commonwealth. For my part, though it be mor● se●u●e, and less laborious to remain: nevertheless, because I see, that in these troublesone times, you have much more n●●d of Legions, then of Provinces; especially which may be recovered, without an● travail; I have propounded at this time, to depart with my forces. You shall hereafter understand all, by the letters, which I have written to Pansa: for I have sent you a copy of them. The xuj. of March: from Corduba. Farewell.   

Caius Asinius Pollio to Cicero. Epist. 32.  
BAlbus the Quaestor, by recovering public duties, having amassed together, a great quantity of ready coin; a great weight of gold, and a greater of silver, without ●o much as disbursing to the soldiers their pay; still, and closely ●●pa●●ed ●●om G●des: and for the space of 〈…〉, being detained 〈…〉 the first of 〈…〉 to Bogud's ki●gdome, 〈◊〉 well furnished with mone● 〈…〉 be●●g, whether he will return to 〈◊〉 o● to Rome, (for upon every b●●st 〈◊〉 news, he shamefully altars his 〈…〉) I do not yet know. Bu● 〈…〉 ●●rging the companions o●●h● people of Rome; besides the●ts● & ●●●ines; he h●th also done these things ●hat is (as he was wont to boast) the sa●●● that Caius Caesar did. In the public festivities that he celebrated at Gades; he brought in, Herennius Gallus, the Comedian, the last day of the shows, giving him a ring of gold, to set in the foureteenth degree: (for so many several degrees had he made, for the ranking of the knights.) He prorogued the Quatuor virat: The solemn elections of two years, he dispatched in two days: that is, he created them to be officers, whom he thought good: he called home the banished men● not of these times, but of those, when the Senate was hewn in pieces, and expelled by seditious persons, S●x●us ●a●rus being vice consul. But this he did not af●er Caes●rs example. For in his sports, he represented his voyage in a Comedy, wh●n he went to assail L●cius L●ntulus the Consul and moreover in the recital thereof, he wept, as mou●d at the memorial of his execut●ons. Afterwards, i● the encounters o● the Fencers, because on Fadius, Pompei's s●uldier, having ●wi●e fought without reward, being urged by another into the lists, ●t his request would not fi●ht; and made his refuge to the people: Fi●st he set Gaull●sh horsemen against the people, (●or he had stones cast at him, when Fadiu● was drain by force) ●●t●rw●rds, dragging him away, within 〈…〉 put him in a pit, and burnt hi●●●●ue At whi●h time he having di●●d, b●re footed, unbraced, with his hands b●●●nd him, he strutting, walked up and dow●e; and, to that poor w●●tch, who 〈◊〉 said; I am a citizen of R●m●, he made answer; Now go, c●●u● f●●ou● of the people. Besides this, he c●st unto the wild beasts R●nare Citizens. And amongst th●se a certain outcryer, a man ver●● well known in Hisp●li●, he gave to be torn asunder by the same Beasts; for no other cause, but that he was deformed. I have had to do with this monster. But when we be together, we will talk of him more a● large. Now, more to the purpose; ordain what I should do. I have three Legions of valiant soldiers. One of which, that is, the eight and twen●ith, Antonius in the beginning of the war, having called it to him, with this promise, that the same day it arrived in his Camp, he would give them five hundred [Roman] pence a man: and in victory; the same rewards, as to his own Legions. Which largesses, would have been infinite, and beyond all measure. It being very desirous to have gone to him, I detained it, [but] hardly undoubtedly. Neither could I have detained them, if I had had them all in one place; considering that some of those cohorts mutined, though they were remote, one from another. The other Legions, he hath not ceased, to incite by letters, and large promises. As also Lepidus, hath urged me both by his own, and Antonius letters, to send unto them the thirtieth Legion. Whereupon, if this Army which I have, I would neither sell for rewards, nor diminish, for fear of those dangers, of which, Antonius, and Lepidus, remaining Conquerors, I m●ght be in jealousy. you may well judge, that it was by me detained, and reserved for the service of the Commonwealth, and [you may] hold for most certain, that I would have performed whatsoever you had commanded me to do, perceiving I had done that, which you imposed upon me. For, I have kept the Province in quiet, and the army under my power. I never went beyond the extent of my Province, to go any whither. I never sent a soldier into any part, not only of the Legions, but not so much as of strangers, or those that have colleagued themselves: and, if I found any horsem●n stealing away, or parting, I have punished him. For all which actions, I shall think I have received a great guerdon, if the Commonwealth continue. But if it, and the greater part of the Senate, had well known me, I might ere this, have done them greater service. I have sent that Epistle to you, which I wrote to Balbus, while he was yet in the Province. In like manner, the Comedy, if you please to read it, call for it from Gallus Cornelius, my friend. This seventh of june, from Cor●uba. Farewell.   

Caius Asinius Pollio to Cicero. Epist. 33.  
Lepidus', by having detained my posts for nine days, was the occasion, that I had more late advertisement of the battles fought under Mutina; although we ought to desire, that the news of so great a loss to the Commonwealth should arrive very slowly; especially to them, that can no ways help us, nor give us any remedy. And I would to God, that by the same decree of the Senate, with which you called Plancus, and Lepidus into Italy, you had likewise imposed upon me to come thither. Undoubtedly the Commonwealth had no● received a wound so dangerous. Whereat, if any at this present rejoice, for it seems that the Captains, and old soldiers of Caesar's party are dead: nevertheless, they must afterwards needs lament, when they shall behold the ruin of Italy. For the very strength and race of good soldiers is extinguished; if the news we hear be in any part true. And I knew it evidently, that if I had joined with Lepidus, I should wonderfully have assisted the Commonwealth. For whereas he hung off, and was doubtful, what part to cleave unto, I would by all means have persuaded him, to have resolved on a course, especially with the aid of Plancus. But he writing unto me such letters, as you shall peruse; and like to the open speeches, which they say, he uttered at Na●bona; it was necessary, I should draw him on with fai●e words, if I meant to get provision, marching through his Province. Besides this, if the battle had been fought before I had effected my determination, I doubted that my good intention might by mine adversaries have been discovered, & misconstrued; considering the acquaintance I have had with Antonius: which notwithstanding, was no greater than what Plancus had also with him. Whereupon, at Gades, in the month of April, I embarked two messengers, in two ships, and I wrote unto you, to the Consuls, and to Octavian, that you would inform me, how I might be best serviceable to the commonwealth. But according to my account, on the same day that Pansa joined battle; on the very same, the ships set out from Gades: For since the Winter, there was no setting of Sail before that day. And in truth not supposing, that any civil tumults would have grown, with a settled mind, I had bille●t●d my Legions in Lusitania; to the end they might lie there all the winter. But both of them after such a manner sought to fight, as if their greatest fear had been, that the war could not be ended, without the utter ruin of the Common wealth But, if the●e were occasion of haste. Then, I see that Hirtius in all things demeaned himself, like a most valiant Capta●ne. For these things were written and certified unto me, out of Gallia, which is in Lepidus government: that P●nsa's Army was hewn in pieces; Pansa himself slain, with many wounds; the Martian Legion destroyed in the same battle; together with Lucius Fabatus, Caius Peduceus, & Decimus Carsulenus. Then, that in Hirtius battle, bo●h the fourth Legion, and generally all those of Antinius, passed the edge of the sword● In like manner, Hirtiu●●ourth ●ourth Legion, having ceased upon Antonius' tents, were cut in pieces by the fifth Legion: and here also Hirtius, and Pon●ius Aquila perished. And I hear, it is reported, that Octavianus was there slain: which news if they be true, (as God ●orbid,) I shall be infinitely sorrowful. Moreover, that Marcus A●tonius dishonourab●●e left the si●ge of Mutina: but that the cavalry, and three armed legions under their Standards, & on● of Publius Vagienus: with a great ●umber of disarmed men, and that Ven●idius al●o is united with him, with three Legions, the seventh, the ●ight, and the ninth: and th●t if L●pidus fail him, in whom he hath great hope, he will be take him to his last refuge; and will raise not only the nations, but even the very slaves. I understand also, that Parm● hath been sacked, & that Lucius Antonius possesseth the Alps. Which things if they be true, it is not fit that any of us, should stand at the gaze, or expect, what the Senate will determine. For every one that affects the safety of the Empire, or finally the Roman name, is enforced to give present succour; seeing Brutus, as I hear, hath no more, but seventeen cohorts, and two imperfect Legions of new soldiers, which Antonius had entertained. And yet I make no doubt, but all the remainder of Hirtius Army will make head with him. For of levying of new forces, I think there is no great hope: especially there being nothing more dangerous, then to give Antonius' time, to be refortified: and the season of the year, the rather invites me thereunto, because the corn is either in the fields, or in the villages. Therefore in my first letters, I will set down, what I mean to do. For I will neither be wanting, to the Commonwealth, nor survive her. But yet I grieve without measure, that my journey will be so long, and dangerous; for all advertisements come to me above forty days after the execution. Farewell.   

Marcus L●pidus, Imperator the second time, & Pontifex Maximus, to the Senate, and people of Rome. Epist. 34.  
IF you, with your children be in health, I am glad: myself also am so: I call to witness, both gods and men, (O conscript Fathers) of what intention, and affection I have ever been towards the Commonwealth, and how light I have set by all other things, in respect of common liberty, and safety. The which I had very shortly made manifest unto you, if Fortune had not by force diuer●ed me from the design, I had intended. For all the Army coming to a mutiny, would maintain their ancient custom, in preserving Citizens, and embracing peace with all men: and to say truth, it hath enforced me, to undertake the protection of the safety, and preservation of so great a multitude of Roman Citizens. Wherefore, I beseech you, and entreat the gods (O conscript Fathers) that, laying apart all particular hatred, you will provide for the State of the Commonwealth, and not repute our clemency, and the mercy of our Army in a civil discord, for disloyalty. And, if you have respect to the honour, and safety of all men; greater benefit will redound both to you, and the Commonwealth. The xxix. of May, from Pons Argenteus. Farewell.   

Marcus Lepidus Imperator the second time, Pontifex Maximus, to Cicero. Ep. 35.  
IF you be in health, I am glad, for so am I also: Having heard, that Antonius, with his forces, sending Lucius Antonius, before with a part of the cavalry, came into my Province; I departed with my companies from that place, where Rhodanus meets with other streams, and took my way towards them. And so by a continual march I came to Forum Vecontij: and a little beyond, along the river Argentea I encamped against the two Antony's. Publius' Ventidius joined with him his three Legions, and pitched his Tents above me. He had before that, the second Legion, and out of other Legions a great multitude, but disarmed. He hath a strong cavalry: for he lost but few of them, in the battle: in so much, as they are above thirty thousand horse. So that diverse of his soldiers, both foot and horse, departing from him, are come to my camp. And day by day, his men diminish● Si●●nus, and Culeo have left him. We, although mightily offended with them, because they went to Antonius against our will: nevertheless, out of our humanity, and love, we have thought good to save them. And yet we employ them not, nor do we keep them in our Camp: nor have we given unto them any command. As touching this war, we will neither be wanting to the Senate, nor Commonwealth. Of what we have since that time done, we will advertise you● Although at all times, between us, for the familiarity we have had together, there have passed great demonstrations, and effects of love, ●yther of ●s striving to exceed the other: Yet, I make no doubt, but that in so great, and sudden a commotion of the Commonwealth, by malignant minds, some things have been reported to you of me, altogether ●alse, and unbeseeming me; which have much moved your mind, out of the affect on you bear to the Commonwealth. And ●o such relations; I am certified by my Agents, that you gave no great credit; nor thought you good, so lightly to believe them. Which things, as they deserve, are most acceptable unto me: as also I remember ●hose favours, which in times past, moved out of love, you performed, to increase my honour and reputation Whereof I will never be forgetful. I request you, my Cicero, of all favour; if, in my life, and care, which I have always in times past, most diligently employed in the government of the Commonwealth, you have known me for such an one, as is fit I should be; that you would expect the same, and also better performance hereafter: and the more I am bound unto you for benefits received, the more studious be you, with your authority to defend me. Farewell.    

THE ELEVENTH BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Decimus Brutus, to Marcus Brutus, and Caius Cassius. Epist. 1.  
THis shall serve, to inform you, in what state we stand, Yesterday in the evening Hirtiu● was with me, and declared unto me what Antonius meaning was; as bad as might be, and most treacherous. For he said, that he could not give over the Province to me: neither thought he that any of us, could remain securely in Rome: because the mind's o● the soldiers, and plebeians were terribly provoked. Both which things, that th●y are false, I think you very well conceive; and on the contrary, that, that is true, which Hirtius rela●ed; that Antonius fears, if our dignity get never so little assistance, no place would remain for him in the Commonwealth. Finding myself in these perplexities, I thought good to demand a free Embassy for myself; and for our o●her friends, to find some honest means for our departure. Which he hath promised me to obtain. And yet I am not confident, that he can procure it: so great is men's insolency, & their persecution of us. And yet if they should grant this Embassy; nevertheless I suppose, that not long after we should be esteemed rebels; and they will publish some proclamation to interdict us ●ire, and water. What is therefore your advice? We must ye●ld to Fortune; leave Italy, and go to Rhodes, or into some other pa●t of the world. If better fortune present itself, we will return to Rome: i● indifferent, we will live in exile: i● the worst of all, we will have recourse, to the l●st refuges● Here, peradventure some of you will say: wherefore will you attend while the last cast, rather than presently attempt some thing? Because we know not whither we should go, but to Sixtus Pompeius, and Bassus Ceci●ius: who I suppose hearing this news of Caesar, will collect greater force. We shall come to them ●ime enough, if we once know what they can perform. If you will have me promise any thing for either of you two, I will pass my word: for Hirtius requires me to do it. I pray, write ●acke unto me without delay; For I make no question, but Hi●tius will advertise me of the for●said matte●s, within the compass of ●oure hours. Return me answer in w●iting, where we s●all meet, and whither I must come. A●ter Hirtius last discourse, I thought good to demand, that we might have leave to remain in Rome with public guard: the which I think they will not grant us. For all R●●e would become their enemy, if it saw that we could not remain secure without a guard. I have notwithstanding preferred all those requests, which I judged reasonable. Fare ye well.   

Marcus Brutus, and Caius Cassius Praetors, to Marcus Antonius Consul. Epist. 2.  
IF we made any question of your love and fidelity towards us, we would not have written these things unto you: the which we are assured you will take in very good part: being, as you are, our friend, and a man of sincerest loyalty. We are informed by writing, that a great multitude of old soldiers, are now come to Rome, and that the first of june there will be a far greater number. If we either doubted or suspected you, we should do contrary to our judgement, and usual custom. But certainly, we having been in your power; and by your advice dismissing our municipal friends; and performed this not only by edict, but also by letters; we are worthy to be made partakers of your intention; especially in a matter wherein we are interres●ed. Whereupon we request you, to let us understand, how you stand affected towards us; and whither you think we may live secure, in so great a recourse of old soldiers: who, as we hear, are determined to set the pillar up again. Whereunto if you consent; it seems not that any man can think it well done, that hath any respect of our honour, and safety. The success hath showed, that from the beginning we aimed at quietness; and sought no other thing but common liberty. None can deceive us herein, but yourself; which were far from your worth, and fidelity. Neither hath any man else any means to deceive us. For in you only we have, and must put our confidence. Our friends though they well know your constancy, yet they are much perplexed for us; considering that the multitude of old soldiers, may more easily by any other be excited, then by you kerbed. I pray be pleased to answer us particularly to every thing. It were a great folly to believe, that these old soldiers are called to Rome, because in the month of june, you were to take order in the Senate, about their advancement. For, what can you think should hinder you herein, being assured, that in this we no ways mean to oppose you? We ought not to seem over desirous of life to any man; in that no mischief can fall on us, without the ruin, and confusion of all things. Farewell.   

Brutus, and Cassius Praetors; to Antonius, Consul. Ep. 3.  
WE have read your letters, very conformable to your edict; outrageous, threatening, and altogether unworthy, both of yourself, and us. Antonius, we have no ways injured you: neither did we thi●ke, that you would have wondered, that, being Praetors, and men of that quality, we had by edict demanded any thing of the Consul. Wherefore though you take it in disdain, that we were so bold as to do it: [yet] give us leave to grieve, that you should not vouchsafe this favour to Br●tus, and to Cassius. For, whereas you say you complained not, concerning the levying of soldiers, and imposing of tributes, mustering of armi●s, and sending of messengers beyond sea: we easily believe yo●, that you did it out of a good inten●ion: nevertheless we confess not, that ever we did any of these things● and we wonder at you, that, having concealed these matters, you could not suppress your choler, which hath [so far] transported you [as] to cast in our teeeth the death of Caesar. But how this may be supported, Imagine you: that, the Praetors resolving, for concord's sake, and liberty, by way of Edict; may not leave their own right in the government they have, but the Consul should threaten them with arms. It importeth not, that you through confidence you have in them should go about to terrify us. For it is not well done; nor is it fitting that we upon any danger whatsoever should be frighted. Neither should Antonius seek to command them, by whose action he himself hath freedom. If we were induced by others occasions to raise a civil war; your letters could be of no effect: they, bearing little respect to threats, who prefer liberty before all things. But you know well, that we cannot be provoked to any novelty. And peradventure you threaten us, by reason that what we do out of judgement, you suppose proceeds f●om fear. Our mind is this: that we desire so long as the Commonwealth may be also Free, that you should therein be both great, and honourable: our desire is not to have any enmity with you: but yet we make more account of our own liberty, then of your amity. Consider well what enterprise you undertake, and what forces you have to support it, and think not how long Caesar lived, but how little he reigned. We desire the gods, that your designs may be beneficial to the Commonwealth, and yourself: If otherwise; we wish, that, with the safety, and honour of the Commonwealth, they m●y be little prejudicial to yourself. The fourth of August.   

Decimus Brutus Imperator, to Cicero. Epist. 4.  
IF I made any question of your affection towards me, I would entreat you in many words to defend mine honour. But doubtless that is true, which I persuade myself; which is; that I have a great place in your heart. I went against the Transalpini with mine Army, not so much to obtain the title of Imperator, as to satisfy the soldiers, and confirm them in defence of our cause: the which in my opinion I have obtained. For they have had a trial both of our liberality, and affection. I have encountered with people warlike above all others: I have there taken many Castles, and sacked many, I wrote not to the Senate, without just cause, that they would afford me the honour of that I sue for by supplications. Help me to obtain it: for you shall perform a matter profitable also to the Commonwealth. Farewell.   

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 5.  
LVpus our familiar friend being come from your parts; and remaining at Rome some pretty time; I was [retired] in a place, where I thought myself secure. For which cause Lupus returned to you, without my letters, having nevertheless procured me to have yours. Now, I am come to Rome the ninth of December, and I desired nothing more, then to go presently and find out Pansa: from whom I heard those things of you, which I desired greatly. Whereupon, though I know that I need use no provocation of words to incite you, having of yourself effected such a matter, as in the memory of man, there was never any more famous: yet I thought good to certify you briefly, how the people of Rome, expect all things from you; and that in you it reposeth all hope, that once it shall recover it lost liberty. Now, I make no doubt, that, although day, and night you should call to mind, (which I am sure you do) how great a matter you have accomplished; [yet] you cannot be forgetful, how great those things are, which you must yet compass. For if it should so come to pass, that Antonius, should deprive you of Gallia; (to whom doubtless, I was ever a friend, till I perceived, that he not only openly; but also wilfully, makes war against the Commonwealth;) there would remain no refuge for our safety. Wherefore, I request you; as also the Senate and people of Rome entreat you, that you will for ever redeem the Commonwealth, from tyranny, that the end may be answerable to your beginning. This is your office: this is required, and this I will not say is expected f●om you, but even challenged, not only by our City, but by all the world. Although, you needing no exhortatio●s, a● I have before written; I will urge this point no further, I will do whatsoever belongs to me; and to promise you all offices, favours, endeavours, and counsels; wherein soever i● occurs, that by them your praise, and glory may be advanced. And therefore I would have you firmly believe, that I, as well in respect of the Commonwealth, which is more dear unto me than my life; as also because I affect your honour, and the augmentation of your dignity, will never fail, in your honest designs, and in your greatness, and renown to further you. Farewell.   

Cicere to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 6.  
Our friend Lupus arriving at Rome, the sixth day after his departure from Mutina, came the morrow after betimes to find me; and carefully delivered unto me, what you had committed to him; and gave me your letters. Whereas you commend unto me your honour; I esteem, that at the same instant you recommend unto me mine own: which certainly is not dearer to me than yours. And therefore, you shall perform a thing acceptable to me, if you assure yourself, that neither my counsel, nor favour s●all be any where wanting to your commendations. The Tribunes of the people intimating, that the Senate should be assembled the xx. of December; and I determining, to consult about a guard for the designed Consuls: though I resolved, not to come into the Senate, before the first of januarie: notwithstanding, because your ed●ct was published the selfsame day, I thought it ver● unfitting, that there ●●ould either be a Senate, wherein your divine merits towards the Commonwealth should be forgotten, (which would have been looked unto, though I had not been present) or that any thing should be spoken in advancement of your honour, in which I had not been there assistant. And therefore in the morning I went to the Senate house. Which being observed: a great number of Senators repaired thither: and what I effected for you in the Senate, and delivered afterwards in speech unto the people, in the presence of an infinite audience, I had rath●r you should understand by others letters. This I desire you would be persuaded, that, all those things, which shall appertain to the increase of your dignity, (which of itself is very great) I will always with especial care embrace, and defend. Wherein though I perceive I shall have many associates; yet will I endeavour after such a manner, that the first place shall remain to myself. Farewell.   

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 7.  
LVpus having called together me, Libo, and Servius your cousin, at my house; what my opinion was, I think you have understood from C●eius Seius, who was present at that consultation. The rest, though Graeceius came a while after Seius: nevertheless, from Grae●eius you may understand it. But the sum is this; which I would have you well to note, and keep in mind: That in preserving the freedom, and safety of the people of Rome, you should not attend upon the authority of the Senate, not yet at liberty. (For, this were a controlling, and revocation of what you have done: for, if you ●hould reduce the Commonwealth to liberty, this you had done by no public counsel, but of yourself: and therefore 'twas your greater praise.) and you should infer, that young (or rather the child) Caesar did foolishly, to embrace so public a business upon his private counsel. Finally, you should make show, that first you held all the old soldiers, your war-associates, for fools; rustical men; but valiant persons, and excellent Citizens: as also the Martian, and fourth Legion, who denounced their Consul, Rebel; and revolted, to de●end the safety of the Commonwealth. The will of the Senate must be held for authority, when authority is by fear hindered. Last of all, you have now twice taken the enterprise upon yourself: Wherefore, you must stick to what you have done, First, the thirteenth of March; and then again lately; because you assembled a new Army, and new forces. And therefore you must be so prepared, and provided for every thing, that you stand not upon commission, in performance of every service: but, that you effect those matters, that may with wonderful admiration, of every man, have allowance. Farewell.   

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 8.  
WHen Paula, your wife, gave me to understand, that if I would write any thing to you, I might do it: I than had nothing to write. For all things hung in suspense, by reason of the expectation of the Ambassadors, from whom, as yet, there was no news, what they had effected. Yet I thought good, to write this unto you: First, that the Senate, and people of Rome, do think of you, not only in respect of their own safety, but also for your dignity. For, all Rome is wonderfully affected to your name, and bears you singular love; h●ping constantly, that as before you freed the Commonwealth from a Tyrant, so at this present, you will deliver it from Tyranny. There is a press of soldiers in Rome, and throughout all I●aly, if it may be termed a press, when all men willingly offer themselves: so great a fervency is entered in●o the minds of men through the desire of liberty, and out of the hatred, of so long a servitude. For the rest, we must now depend upon your letters, and be advertized what you do, and our Hirtius, and my Caesar: who, I hope ere long, will in you company be victorious. It remains, that I noufie unto you in writing, that, of myself, which I hope and desire, you may understand from your friends, that I neither am, or ever will be wanting in any thing, that concerns your honour. Farewell.   

Decimus Brutus to Cicero. Epist. 9  
YOu know what loss the Commonwealth sustained, by the death of Pansa, now it is requisite, that you, with your authority and prudence, should provide; that our enemies, by the death of the Consuls, may not hope to recover themselves. I will take a course, that Antonius shall not be able to stay in Italy. I'll pursue him without delay. These two things I hope to compass: That neither V●ntidius shall escape, nor Antonius plant himself in Italy. Above all, I entreat you, that you would send to that same wavering, or inconstant Lepidus, to the end he may not renew us the war, by colleaguing himself, with Antonius. For, touching Pollio Asinius, I suppose you conceive, what he resolves on. The Legions of Lepidus, and Asinius, are very many, and mighty. Neither write I these things unto you, because I know not, that you in like manner have them in consideration; but, because I am assured, if peradventure you should be doubtful; that Lepidus will never perform the office of a good Citizen. I also pray you, so to work, that Plancus may aid us: who, I hope, now that Antonius is overthrown, will not fall from the Commonwealth. If Antonius pass the Alps, I am resolved to place a Guard there, and to advertise you particularly of what succeedeth. The xxviij. of April, from the Camp at Regium.   

Decimus Brutus to Cicero. Epist. 10.  
I Do not think the Commonwealth more bound to me, than I am to you. And you see very well, that I cannot be more grateful to you, than they are to me malignant. And if it seem, that I speak this, to apply myself to the quality of the times; I desire your judgement, rather than all theirs of th'other side. For you, without all passion, and according to truth censure me: which they, hindered by extreme malice, and envy, do not. But let them gainsay at their pleasure, that I may not be honoured: so they prohibit not, that I may conveniently execute the affairs of the Commonwealth. The which, in how great danger it is, I will explain unto you, with the greatest brevity I can possible. First, what a confusion grows in the City, by the death of the Consuls, and what a passion men enter into, when that Magistracy is vacant, you know sufficiently. I make account I have written to the full of those matters, that may be committed to letters, for I know to whom I write. Now I return to the business of Antonius. Who, after the discomfiture, finding his power to be but a small band of disarmed foot: by setting the bondmen at liberty, and pressing by force all sorts of men, he hath drawn together a good number of soldiers. Whereunto the force of Ven●idius was after joined; which with a most toilsome march, is arrived at Vada, beyond the Apennine, where it is united with Antonius. There are with Ven●idius of old soldiers, and armed, a very great number. A●●onius intentions must needs be these; either to repair to Lepidus, if he can be received: or to lie upon the Apennine, and the Alps, and scouring the Country with his Cavalry, which he hath in abundance, to sack those parts, which he scoureth: or to retire again into Hetruri●, because that quarter of Italy, is without any Army. But if Caesar had past the Apennine, as I did council him; I had brought Antonius to that straight, that he should rather by famine, then by sword, have perished. But neither can we command Caesar, nor Caesar his Army: which are two difficulties of great consequence. Now matters standing in these terms, I care not though men, in respect of myself, as before I wrote, do cross me. But yet I fear, that either fit provisions cannot be made, or, that when you shall make them, some obstacle will be interposed. I can no longer pay the soldiers. When I took in hand to free the Commonwealth, I had more than four millions in ready money. Now, I have not only not any part in mine own substance; but all the friends I had, I have engaged. I give maintenance to seven Legions; with what difficulty, imagine you. If I had Varro's treasures, I could not defray the charges. As soon as I have any certainty of Anton●us, I will let you understand of it. Be pleased to love me, especially, when in me you find the like affection. This fifth of May, from ●he Camp at Derthona. Farewell.   

Decimus Brutus Imperator, elected Consul, to Cicero. Epist. 11.  
I Received your letters, written after the same form, as my servants delivered them. The debt I owe you is so great, as I can hardly pay it you. I wrote unto you of those things, which here troubled us: Antonius is on his way: he goes to Lepidus: and, he is not altogether hopeless of Plancus, as I conceive by his letters, which came unto my hands: wherein he made mention of some, that were sent to Asinius, to Lepidus, & Plancus. ay, nevertheless, not hanging long upon the matter, sent presently to Plancus; and within two days, I expect Ambassadors from the Allobroges, and from all Gallia, whom I will send back to their Countries well affected. Provide, that all things needful to be performed with you, may be dispatched, according to your mind, and the occasions of the Commonwealth. And, if you can; oppose the malevolence of men: if you cannot, comfort yourself with this, that they shall not by any outrages whatsoever, divert me from my resolution. The seventh of May, From the Camp, on the confines of the Statiellenses.   

Cicero to Decimus Brutus, Imperator; elected Consul. Epist. 12.  
I Received in one day three letters from you: one, a short one; which you delivered to Flaccus Volumnius: [and] two very long; one, brought me by the post of Titus Vibius; and the other sent unto me● by Lupus. By your letters, and Graeceius report it seems, that the war is, not only, not extinguished, but with a greater blaze again inflamed. But, ay, out of your singular prudence, assure myself; that you perceive, if it fortune that Antonius recover any forces, that all those your memorable services for the Commonwealth, are like to perish. For, this news came to Rome; all men were of this belief; that Antonius, with a few disarmed men, daunted with fear, destitute of all hope to be himself again, had escaped. Who, if he be in such an estate, as to encounter him, as Graeceius told me, would be dangerous: me thinks he is no● fled from Mutina, but that he hath only changed the place of war. Whereupon, men are in part astonished, in part also they complain, that you pursued him not. They believe, you might have suppressed him, had you therein but used expedition. Questionless, this is a defect of the people, and especially of ours, to abuse liberty towards him, by whom they have obtained it. Nevertheless, 'tis good to have a care, that no just complaint may be produced. Here lies the poynt● He shall bring an end to the war, that suppresseth Antonius. How much this imports, you may of yourself imagine: for, I purpose not herein to make you a further declaration. Farewell.   

Decimus Brutus, Imperator, elected Consul, to Cicero. Epist. 13.  
FRom this time forward, it will not be fit, that I should thank you with words. For, if I can hardly with effects, return you equal merit; how should I think with words, ever to be able to requite you? I pray you consider well, how matters now stand: for, being wise, as you are; reading diligently my letters, you shall understand every thing: I could not, my Cicero, pursue presently Antoniu●, for the reasons I shall allege unto you. I was without horse; without beasts for carriage; I knew not that Hirtius was slain; I could not be confident of Caesar, before I came unto him, and had talked with him; The first day passed after this manner. The day following I was by Pansa called early to Bononi●. Being on the way, news came, that he was dead. I posted presently to my poor companies; for, so I may truly term them. They are wondrous bare, and through want of all things, in marvelous ill condition. Antonius got two day's journey before me, making much more way in his flight, than I, in his pursuit: for, he fled at random, and I followed in warlike ordinance. Wheresoever he passed, he set slaves at liberty, and took by force, whomsoever he could: he stayed in no place, till he came to Vada: which place I will decipher unto you. It lies between the Apennine and the Alps, and is almost impassable. I being some 30. miles off him, and he having already combined his forces, with those of Ventidius, an oration of his was brought unto me: wherein he began to entreat the soldiers, that they would follow him beyond the Alps, by reason he held correspondency with Lepidus. At this, shouts were raised, and principally by Ventidius soldiers, (for, of his own, he hath very few) that they were resolved to die, or vanquish in Italy. And moreover, they began to importune him, that he would go towards Pollentia. He, not being able to withhold them, gave order for his going thither, the day following. When I heard this news, I presently sent five cohorts to Pollentia, before they should arrive there, and took mine own way thitherwards. Trabellius arriving with his horse at Pollentia, found my men, which I sent to defend it, there, an hour before: whereat I much rejoiced. For, herein I think, consists the victory. They conceived some good hopes: for, they neither supposed, that Plancus four Legions, were equal to all their forces: neither did they think, that an Army could so speedily be conducted out of Italy. Against whom the Townsmen hitherto, joined with the horse I sent before, have of themselves courageously resisted: and at my arrival, I hope they will yet more valiantly oppose themselves. But if peradventure Antonius should pass the river Isara, we will labour with all our power, to make such defence, that he may do no hurt to the Commonwealth. Be of great courage, and good hopes, about the interests of the Commonwealth, seeing, that both we, and our Armies, united with singular concord, are prepared for all erterprises, in your behalf, and service. Nevertheless, you must use your wont diligence, and procure, that there want neither men, nor any other thing, which the necessity of war requireth, to the end, that with better confidence, we may fight for your safety, against this impious conspiracy of our enemies: who, on a sudden, have turned those forces against their Country, which in long time, under colour of the Commonwealth, they had collected. Farewell.   

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 14.  
I Rejoice beyond measure my Brutus, that my opinions, and censures about the election of the Decemuiri, and about honouring ●he young man, were by you approved. But what get I by this? Believe me, who am free from vainglory, I know no more (O Brutus) what to do. For the Senate was my organ, which now is wholly out of tune. That same notable enterprise o● yours, when you sallied out of Mutina, [and] Antonius flight with the discomfiture of his Army, put us in such hope, of having absolutely finished the war, as every one grew to be recomforted; and those my contentions heretofore so violent, resembled skirmishes against the wind. But to return to the matter: It is the opinion of such as well understand the Martian, and the fourth Legion; that they cannot, by any means, be brought unto you. Touching the money you demand, there is course taken for providing it, and it shall be dispatched. In the calling home of Brutus, and appointing Caesar for the guard of Italy, you and I have one opinion. But, as you write, you have adversaries: whom I withstand with small labour: yet they disturb me notwithstanding. The Legions are expected out of Africa: but every one wonders, that the war●e is renewed in those parts. There never happened any thing so far beyond expectation. For, the victory being published on the day of your nativity, 'twas thought the Commonwealth should have been put to no more trouble for many years. Now, these new occasions of fear, come to disannul matters already performed. Though in those of the xv. of May, you writ unto me; how, not long before, you understood by letters from Plancus, that Antonius was not received by Lepidus. Which, if it be so, all matters will go well: but if otherwise, the enterprise will be difficult; whose end dependeth on you, to be brought about so, that I may no ways fear it. I can do no mo●e, than what I have done: yet above all others, I desire to see you, most reputed, and honourable; even as I hope you shall be. Farewell.   

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 15.  
THough the contentment your letters yield me is very great: yet this was greater; that, being infinitely employed, you appointed your Colleague Plancus, that he should by letters excuse you to me. Which he hath performed diligently. And certainly I could have received no greater content from any thing, then from this your courtesy, and diligence. The union with your Colleague, and your mutual concord, the which by both your letters, you have intimated, to the Senate, and people of Rome, was most acceptable. For the rest; go on my Brutus, and henceforth, strive not to overcome another, but to go beyond yourself. I must be no longer in writing, especially to you, whom I mean to imitate in brevity. I expect with desire your letters, and attend them of such a tenor, as I heartily wish, and desire them. Farewell.   

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 16.  
IT much imports when this letter shall be delivered unto you: either when you have some encumbrance, or else when you are free from all molestations. And therefore I enjoined him, whom I sent unto you, that he should observe a due time, to present it you. For, even as they, who personally come to visit us, at an extraordinary hour, are many times troublesome: so letters offend, if they be not delivered in due season. But if you be, as I hope, without annoyance, and without disturbance: and I trust, I shall easily obtain, what I desire of you; If he, to whom I committed this care, took a fit time to come unto you. Luciu● Lamia demandeth the Praetorship: This, is one of the most intimate friends I have; we have of long time conversed together, and known one another; and which is of special consequence; his familiarity is, above all other things, dearest to me. Besides this, I stand bound unto him for great benefits, and deserts towards me. For in the times of Clodius, he being head of the order Military, and defending my safety m●st courageously, was by Consul Gabinius confined: which before that time in Rome never happened to any Roman citizen. The people of Rome, retaining this in memory, it would be too soul a thing, that I should be unmindful thereof. And therefore my Brutus make yourself believe, that it's I, that stand for the praetorship. For, though Lamia be in wonderful reputation, and favour, having in the solemnities of his Aedilship used a very profuse liberality: nevertheless, as if it were not so, I have in his present occasion, taken upon myself the whole business. Now, if you make that esteem of me, which undoubtedly you do; in that you may dispose of the chivalry as their commander: give notice unto our Lup●●, that he may herein, procure us their favour. I will not use more words unto you: this only will I add, which is most certain, that, of all the pleasures I look for at your hands, you cannot do me a more acceptable. Farewell.   

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 17.  
LA●ia is one of the nearest friends I have: I will not say his offices; but his merits have been very great towards me: and the people of Rome, can give thereof good testimony. This man having showed extraordinary liberality and bounty, at the festivities of his Aedileship, now demands to be Praetor, and every one knows, that he wants neither reputation, nor favour. But, it both appears, that the people will be so bribed, that every thing makes me fearful; and, I must needs resolve, to take this suit of Lami●, wholly upon myself. Wherein I very well discern, how far you may assist me: and yet I no ways doubt, how much you desire to do me favour. Wherefore my Brutus, persuade yourself; that neither I can desire of you any pleasure, more effectually; nor you, perform to me any thing more acceptable: [then] if with all your power, and endeavour, you shall but further thi● suit of Lami●. The which, I entreat you, by all means may be effected. Farewell.   

Cicero to Decemus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 18.  
THough by the commissions, which Galba, and Volumnius did on your behalf expose unto the Senate, we conceived, of what you thought we should be fearful, and suspicious: yet they appeared ●o be more timorous commissions, than beseemed your victory, and the Roman people. And you must understand, my Brutus, that the Senate is resolute; and so are they that govern it● and therefore, they took it ill, to be reputed sl●cke, and timorous; by you, whom above all others they judged to have been magnanimous. For every one, when you were s●u● up, conceiving wonderful hopes of your valour, Antonius being then in his very Flower; who was he, that feared any thing when he was defeated, and you delivered? neither did they fear Lepidus. For who would judge him so foolish, that having affirmed he affected peace, in a time when the war was at the hottest; now, that there is that peace which he desired, he should make war against the Commonwealth? Neither do I doubt but you are quicker sighted. But, the festivity being so fresh in memory, which by us in your name, through all the temples of the gods was celebrated; the renovation of fear, brought great disturbance. And therefore, I could wish, as I hope it will succeed; that Antonius were wholly abandoned and overthrown: but if by misfortune, he hath recovered any force; that he might be made to perceive; That, neither the Senate wants counsel, nor the people of Rome courage; nor, (while you live,) the Commonwealth a General. The nineteen. of May. Farewell.   

Decimus Brutus to Cicero. Epist. 19  
I Wish you might read the letters which I have sent to the Senate before they are delivered: and that if there be any thing, which you would have otherwise, you would alter it. You, shall perceive, that I have written upon necessity. For, supposing I should have had the Martian Legion, & the fourth; as Drusus and Paulus were contented, with whom yourself accorded; I imagined there ●as no great care to be taken of the rest. But finding now, new soldiers about me, and those not paid, I must needs be very fearful; as well for mine, as your occasions. The Vicentines, show special honour to me, and Marcus Brutus. I earnestly pray you, that you will not permit any wrong to be done them in the Senate at the instance of most base fellows. They have equity on their side, [and] deserve greatly of the Commonwealth, and [have] for their adversaries, men of no valour, and affecting innovations. The xxj. of May, from Verselesses.   

Decimus Brutus Imperator to Cicero. Epist. 20.  
THough I be no ways afraid of mine own occasions, yet, I am enforced, out of the love I bear you, and for your many good offices, to fear yours. For it hath been told me more than once, and I esteemed it not slightly: last of all, L●●●● Segulio, a man most like himself, told me he had been with Caesar, and how they had a long discourse of you: that Caesar did not any thing complain of you; but only said that you should say, that the young man was to be praised, honoured, and taken off: And that he would not suffer himself to be taken off. But I believe that either Labeo reported these wo●ds unto him, or else, they were not uttered by the young man, but rather feigned by himself. Besides this, Labeo would needs make me believe, that the Veteranes, spoke hardly of you, and that some ill would happen you by their means: and how they took it in despite; that neither Caesar, nor I, were elected among the Decemviri: and all things went only thorough your hands. Hearing this, and being upon my way, I thought good not to pass the Alps, before I first knew, what was done there amongst you. For, of your peril, be assured, that if they can but daunt you wi●h bravadoes and thre●ts; or by putting some crotchets into the young man's head; they hope some great profit will accrue unto themselves thereby. And all this device, depends on the design they have, to gain much. I would therefore have you circumspect, and keep yourself from all ambushments. For nothing can be dearer, nor sweeter to me, than your life. But take heed, that fear, be not occasion of a greater fear: and be favourable to the Veteranes, wherein you may. First, concerning the Decem-viri, do what they would have you. Then, for the remunerations, if you think good, procure that I, and Caesar, ma● consign unto them, the lands of those veterans, which followed Antonius party. As touching monies, be not too hasty: and after you have seen what quantity there is; you may tell them, the Senate will take some order therein. To the four Legions, to whom you mind to allow partitions of land, or grounds, I see you may well allot them those of Silla, and the Territory Campanum. I am of opinion, 'twere good to distribute unto the Legions their lands equally, or by lot. And think not, that I am moved to write these things unto you, to show my wisdom. I am moved, because I affect you, and desire a general peace: which without you cannot endure. ay, if there be no extraordinary need, will not leave Italy: I am about the arming of the Legions, and putting them in a readiness. I hope to have a brave army, for all accidents whatsoever, and to resist any violence that shall occur. Caesar sends me not back, that Legion of the army which Pansa had. Answer me presently to these letters: and if there be any secret of importance, which you think fitting for me to know. Send to me of purpose one of your people. Farewell. The xxiv. of May, from Epor●dia.   

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 21.  
THe curse of the gods light upon this Seguglio, the veriest knave that ever was, is, or shall be. You think peradventure, that he only spoke with you, or with Caesar. There's none, with whom he could conveniently talk, to whom he hath not spoken the self same things. But nevertheless, my Brutus, I think myself as I ought much bound unto you; in that you would have me know of these fables, be they whatsoever. For this was a special note of love. And touching that, where he says, that the old soldier's comp●aine● because you & Caesar are not in the number of the Decem-viri; I would to God, that neither I had been of that number; for, what could have been undertaken of greater vexation? notwithstanding, I having propounded, that it was necessary to nominate them that had Armies; Those very men that were wont, crying out, made opposition● so, that though I made great resistance, [both] you were excepted. And therefore, let us give no care to Segulius, who affects new things; not because he hath swallowed the old; for, he had nothing to ●haw: but these which lately come to his hand, he hath devoured, and digested with a witness. Then, whereas you write, that being no ways afraid for yourself, yet you fear for my sake. ay, my Brutus, whom I esteem the best man, and dearest friend that can be found, will not have you fear any thing at all for me. For in those things which may be foreseen, I shall not be deceived: and for those, which cannot come to notice, I care little. For, I were a fool, if I should require more, than the very nature of things hath imparted to man. In that you advertise me, to avoid, that in fearing, I be not constrained to a greater fear; you admonish me wisely, and like a true friend. But be assured, that you, being to ●uery man's knowledge, endowed particularly with this virtue, never t●●ea●●, or be disturbed; I in this virtue almost equal you. And therefore I w●ll ●ot be afraid of any thing, and I will look abo●t me in all things. But take you heed my Brutus, that at length, my fear proceed not through your default. For though we were fearful, nevertheless, the hope, that we repose, in your forces and Consulship, would expel all fearfulness; especially, every one, but chiefly myself, being assured, that you bear us a singular affection. Your advertisements, about the four Legions, and about the referring of the disposing of their lands, to Caesar, and yourself, seem to me very good. And therefore there being some of our Colleagues, who we●e as glad of this charge of distribution of the grounds, as if they had already obtained it; I crossed the matter, and reserved it wholly for you. If there be any secret occurrent, or, as you write, any secret of importance, I will send purposely one of my men, that letter's may the more faithfully be delivered unto you. Farewell. The iiij● of ●une.   

Ci●ero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 22.  
I Entertain an inward amity, with Appius Clodius, son to Caius, ratified by many kind offices, which we have done one ●or another. I request you, as effectually as I may, that, either out of your humanity, or for my sake, by the authority you have, which is very great, you will be pleased to take order, that he may be secure. I desire that you being reputed for a man most valiant, may be also esteemed most merciful. The preservation of th●s youth, will redound to your great honour: who, in truth, the rather deserves compassion: because being induced by tender love, to ●educe his Father from banishment, he followed the party of Antonius. Wherefore, though you should not have so just an occasion, yet you may well find some probable reason, to effect it: with a beck only you may procure, that such a person, [being] of a noble family, of an excellent wit, very valorous, & beside, most officious, and exceeding mindful of benefits; may be permitted to live in his country, with security of his estate, and substance. Which I entreat you to perform, with all the possible desire, and affection I am able Farewell.   

Decimus Brutus, to Cicero, Epist. 23.  
WE proceed well enough he●e, and we'll endeavour to do it better: Lepidu● seems well inclined to vs● We must boldly prosecute the benefit of the Commonwealth. And though ●ll other things were contrary unto us; yet considering we have three Armies on foot, so great and mighty, for the particular service of the Commonwealth: you ought to have that great courage, which you both ever h●d: and now, Fortune favouring us, you ought to increase it. The multitude disperseth that, which I wrote last unto you with mine own hand, to affright you: but if you get but the bridle betwixt your te●th; let me not live, if all of them, how many soever, have power to quack, if you but speak. ay, as before I wrote, till I receive your letters, will make my residence in Italy. Farewell. The xxv. of May: from Eporoedia.   

Cicero to Decimu● Brutu●. Epist. 24.  
I Tell you, I was at the first half angry with you, for the brevity of your letters: now me thinks, that I, am too long. I will therefore follow your style. In how few words, how many things have you intimated! that you do reasonable well, and will endeavour to do be●ter: that Lepidus stands well affected: that having three Armies on foot, we ought to have a constant hope in all things. Though I had been timorous, yet with this letter you would have made me courageous. But, as you put me in mind, I have got the bridle betwixt my teeth. For, if I, when you were beleaguered, reposed all my hope in you; ●ow, that you are in the field with a v●ctorious Army, may I not repose a far greater? I desire now at length, my Br●●us, to resign over my vigilancy to you but so, that I may not be h●ld inconstant. Whereas you write, you will reside in Italy, till my letters come unto your hand: if you c●n do it, without any hindrance to th● wa●re, I thereunto advice you. For many matters are debated of in R●me: but i● the war may be finished by your departure● attend this, rather than the other. The mon●y●s, which were ready, or consigned ●uer unto you: Servilius is yours most affectionate: I do what so ever I am able. Farewell. The vi. of june.   

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 25.  
I Expecting every day your letters, our Lupus on a sudden gave me to understand, that if I would write any thing to you, I might: but I, though I had not whereof to write, knowing that you are advertised of what is done in Rome: and conc●●uing, that letters without matter, are displeasing to you: I meant to use all brevity according to your custom. Understand therefore that all hopes are in you, and your Colleague. And as for Marcus Brutus, there is yet no certainty known: I, as you enjoin me, do not cease with my particular letters to invite him, unto a common war. And I would to God, he were now, in these parts: we should the less fear that evil, which within the city is not little: but what do I? I forget your Laconism; I have already written one whole page. Vanquish, and Farewell. The xviij. of june.   

Decimus Brutus Imperator, to Cicero. Ep. 26.  
IN my extremest grief, I have this consolation; th●t men know, that I f●ared not the evil which hath happened without just cause. Let them now deliberate, whether the Legions shall be transported out of Africa, and out of Sardinia or no: whether Brutus shall be sent for, or no; whether they will assign a stipend to me, or no. I have written to the Senate: and I tell you for a most undoubted truth, that except the provisions I write for be made, we shall all run an infinite danger. I pray you be careful, to whom you commit the charge, of conducting me, the Legions. There is required therein both fidelity, and expedition. Farewell. The iij. of june, from the Campe.   

Cicero to Caiu● Matius. Epist. 27.  
I H●ue not yet fully determined, whether our Trebatius, a very officious man, and well affected to us both, bring me more trouble, or contentment. For, coming in the evening to Tusculanum, he, the day following, not yet well recovered, came in the morning to find me. And I chiding him, because he had so slender care of his health; he an●swered, he was come, out of a desire to speak with m●. And I, ask, what's the news? He intimated unto me your complaint, to which before I make answer, I'll deliver some few things. For as mu●h as I remember of the times past, I have not an auncienter friend than yourself: but, touching the time; there are m●ny, that in some circumstances are equal to you: touching the love; none. I resolved to love you, the fi●st day I knew you: and the self same day I was also of opinion, that you loved me. Afterwards, your departure from R●me, which was for a long time, & the course of my life unlike to yours, (I having lived in pursuit of honours) permitted not, that our minds might with stronger knot be united through conversation. Nevertheless, I knew well your good affection towards me many years before the civil war, when Caesar was in Gallia. For you procured, that he wished me well; honoured me; and held me for his own: the which you thought, could not but turn to my great benefit, and to Caesar himself rather profitable than otherwise. I omit, many things, which in those times, we were wont most familiarly to talk of, write of, and communicate. Because there are other points of far greater consideration. I remember also that in the beginning of the civil war, when you went towards Brundisium, to find out Caesar, you came to me in Formianum. First, what esteem aught to be made of this only demonstration, especially in those times? Then, do you imagine, I can forget your discourse; council; and affection? At which, I remember, Trebatius was present. Neither are your letters out of my mind, which you sent unto me, at that time when I came to meet Caesar, (if I be not deceived,) in the territory of Trebula. Then ensued that time, when I was constrained either by the zeal of mine honour, my duty, or fortune, to go to Pompeius. What office, or favour left you unperformed, either towards me absent, or my friends present. Whom did all my friends find more kind to me, and them, than yourself? I came to Brundisium: Now think you, that I have forgotten with what celerity you came flying to me, so soon as you knew it, from Tarentum? How great love showed you me, in your society; discourse; and rectification of my mind; which was overlaid with extreme affliction, for the miseries of my country? Finally we began again, to be resident together in Rome, where, in matters of great consequence, about the manner, how I should proceed with Caesar, according to your advice, I demeaned myself. And in other offices, you did afford this favour to Caesar, and myself only; to come daily to our houses; and often to spend many hours, in acceptable discourse. At which time, if you remember, you urged me to write these Treatises of Philosophy. And after Caesar's return, you intended nothing more effectually, then to make me domestical with him: Which you obtained. Now, to what end have I made this discourse, larger than I thought to have done? For this respect; because I much wondered, that you who cannot but remember these things, could believe, that I had wronged our friendship. For besides these which I have related, which are clear, and evident, I have many secret passages, which with words, I can scarcely explicate. Your whole carriage gives me satisfaction; but above all, I am best pleased, partly [with] your singular fidelity in friendship; your council; gravity; and constancy: and partly [with] your mirth; humanity; and learning. Wherefore now I return to your complaint. First, I did not think, you had given your consent to that Law. Th●n; had I so thought, [yet] I should never have thought, you had done it, without some just occasion. Your dignity is so eminent, that all men's eyes are fixed on you; and men's malignity is the cause, that there is more liberal speech of you, than were befitting. And, if you do not hear of these mutterings, I know not what to say. ay, for my part, when it is my chance to hear them; defend you so far, as I am sure, you are wont, to defend me against my adversaries. And I defend you two ways. Some things there are, which I am accustomed absolutely to deny: as particularly; for this giving of your voice: some, which I demonstrate that you have out of zealous love, and tenderness performed: as in that, about the charge of public sports. But you, who are most learned, know well, that if Caesar were a King, as I suppose he was, you may for the office you undergo be both praised, and blamed: praised; because your faith, and humanity is to be commended, for loving your friend after death; which reason I am wont to use: blamed; because our Country's liberty should be preferred before the life of a friend; upon which your adversary's ground themselves. I much desire, that the controversies I have had about these clamours, might be related to you. But amongst others, there are two special particularities in your commendation; which no man infers more willingly, or oftener than myself: which is, that you persuaded more than any other, that the civil war might be withstood, and the victory moderated. Wherein I never found any m●n, that was not of my opinion. Wherefore I thank our Treba●ius, who was the cause, that I wrote unto you these letters. To which if you give no credit, you must needs judge me very discourteous, and inhuman: which would wondrously displease me; and differ much from your own disposition. Farewell.   

Caius Matius to Cicero. Epist. 28.  
I took great contentment in your letters; because I understood, that you retain that opinion of me, which I hoped, and wished you should have. Whereof, though I no ways doubted; yet in that I made grea● reckoning, that it might be entirely preserved, it did a little touch me. 'Tis true, that I was privy to myself, that I had committed nothing, that could offend the mind of any honest man. And therefore I did the less believe, that, you being adorned with infinite and excellent sciences, would be rashly persuaded to any thing; especially knowing well, that I ever did, and do bear you singular affection. Which, having succeeded, as I wished; I will answer to the false oppositions, against which you have oftentimes defended me: performing an office, answerable to your most ingenuous condition, and worthy of our amity. For I know what matters they objected against me since the d●ath of Caesar. They accuse me, because I lament the death of a great friend, and that I am afflicted, because a man is slain whom I loved: affirming that my country should be 〈◊〉 before any friendship: as if they had already made trial, that such a death was beneficial to the Commonwealth. But I will not argue subtly. I confess, tha● for mine own part, I cannot perceive it; and that I am not yet arrived to this height of wisdom. Neither did I follow Caesar in civil discord: but in that he was my friend, though the course displeased me, yet would I not abandon him. Neither, did I ever approve the civil war, much less the occasion thereof: having in the very infancy o● it, applied all my endeavour, to extinguish it. And therefore in his victory, though he was that great friend unto me, that he was: I was neither delighted with honour, or money. Of which rewards, others were insatiable, whose power was less with him, then mine was. And, on the other side; my goods by Caesar's law, were damaged: and by my favour most of them, that rejoice at Caesar's death, obtained, that they might live in their country. That the citizens who were vanquished, might be pardoned, I laboured no less th●n for mine own safety. I therefore, who laboured for every man's preservation, should I not grieve for his death, from whom I purchased it? especially being hated for their occasion, who murdered him? You shall therefore, undergo the penalty, (say they) because you dare question that, that we have acted: Oh pride, never heard of! that some may vaunt in their impiety, [and] others cannot so much as mourn without their overthrow. And yet in all ages, servants have been allowed, to fear, to rejoice, and to grieve, rather when they saw good, than any other. The which liberty, they now, which make profession, to have given it us, (for so they often report) seek violently to deprive me o●, by threatenings. But they labour in vain. There shall be no danger so terrible, that shall make me halt in my duty, or humanity. For I have always held, that an honourable death, should never be avoided, but rather oftentimes desired. But why should they be angry with me, for desiring them to repent them of what they had committed? I confess, I would have every man to be grieved for the death of Caesar. Oh, But I am enjoined by the office of a good Citizen to desire the safety of the Commonwealth. That this desire is in me, if it be not known without my relating it, both by those things which h●eretofore I have effected, and by those which hereafter I hope to perform; I am content that in defendiug mine own causes, words may not avail me. Therefore I earnestly entreat you, that you will conceive better of my reasons, ●hen I am able to utter them: and that you will think, if you be of opinion, that it is a good thing to do well, that I can hold no m●nner of commerce with bad men. Were it peradventure fit ●or me, now, that I am laden with years, to go out of that path, wherein I have led my youth, which carrieth with it some excuse for error? shall I again n●w mould myself? This error I will not commit: nor will I do any thing that may displease. Except I do lament the unhappy fortune of my dearest friend, and so great a personage. And if I were of an other mind, I would never deny it: lest that, besides my being re●puted wicked in offending, I might be thought timorous, and a false dissembler: True it is, that I had the charge, of the public shows, which Caesar the little youth made in honour of Caesar's victory. But this had respect to a particular office, not to the state of the Commonwealth. In which charge notwithstanding, both for the memorial I reserve of so great a friend, and for the desire I have to honour him thus dead as he is, I could not be deficient. And the youth of such great hopes, and so worthy of Caesar, requesting me thereunto, I was constrained to accept of it. I also went many times to the house of Antonius the Consuls to salute him: to whom, you shall find, that even they, which este●me me little affected ●owards my country, resorted daily, only to crave of him, or carry aw●y something. But what an arrogancy is this? That Caesar did never forbid me, to converse with whom I thought good, and even with persons whom he loved not; and these men that have bere●u●d me of my friend, by carping, or reprehending me, do their worst to enforce me, nor to love them that I like well of? But I know I have hitherto lived so modestly, that hereafter evil tongues shall be little able to defame me: and, that also they who love me not, because I still persever in loving Caesar, would rather ●ish to meet with friends, like me, then like themselves. For my part, if things fall out conformable to my desire; I mean to pass so much of my life as remains, quietly at Rhodes: but if it so happen that any accident disturb me, I will remain in Rome, and remain there always, wishing that they may do well. I give great thanks to our Trebatius; because he plainly declared unto me, how your mind stood towards me: which I discern to be full, of sincerity, and affection: and, because he was the occasion, that I having ever willingly loved you, should now also be further tied, both to honour, and respect you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Opius. Epist. 29.  
I being, as our At●icus knows, very doubtful about this journey. In that, my mind on ei●her side suggested many reason's: your judgement, and council greatly induced me to deliberate, and make my resolution. For you both plainly wrote unto me what your opinion therein was; and A●ticus related that unto me, which you had spoken unto him thereof. I ever took you to be wise in deliberating, and very faithful in advising: and I have had good experience thereof, when, in the beginning of the civil war, I requiring you by letters, that you would advise me what I should do, either in going to Pompeius, or remaining in Italy: you persuaded me to do that, that stood best with mine honour. By which I perceived, what your opinion was therein: and I admired that you were of so great fidelity, and in advising me ●o honest a man; ●or, you thinking that the contrary was desired by him that was your best friend, you had greater respect to my office, than his will, or pleasure. Certainly, before this fell out, I loved you: and ever knew that myself was by you beloved. And when I was absent, and stood in great danger, I remember, that in my absence yo● defended me with great care, using the like humanity, to all mine that were in Rome: and after my return, how domestically you lived with me, and what opinion I retained of you, and what things I diuulged: all those that usually look into such actions, can truly testify. But how faithful in loving you, and how constant you reputed me, you then evidently showed, when after Caesar's death, you betook you wholly unto mine acquaintance. Which opinion of yours, i● I by my dearest love, and best offices do not acknowledge, I shall not repute myself a man. Persever you, my Opius in loving me, (although doubtless I write this unto you, not that I think you stand in need of any such remembrance, but because it is usual to write thus) and take all my affairs, into your protection. Whereof, that you may be fully informed, I have given commission to Atticus. And when I shall be at better leisure, I will write unto you more at large. Be careful of your health. [For] you cannot do me a greater pleasure.    

THE TWELFTH BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 1.  
BE assured Cassius, that I never cease to think upon you, and our Brutus, that is, of the whole Commonwealth; which hath reposed all her hope, in you, and Decimus Brutus. And certainly from this time forward, I begin to conceive better hopes: seeing may Dolabella hath performed such material service to the Commonwealth. For that evil, which sprung up in the City, continually dispersed it self, and every day so increased, that for my part, I held both the City, and the peace of Citizens, utterly lost. But it is so stopped, that, as for that reproachful danger, I suppose, we may live for ever secure. Other th●ngs, that yet remain to be acted, are important and many: but you must be the man, that must effect them all: Though we are intentive to dispatch those, which are of greatest moment. For, touching that which hath hitherto been done; we have freed ourselves of the King; but not of the Kingdom. For, though the King be slain, yet we put all that in execution, which the King appointed to be performed. And not only this; but some things also, which he himself, if he had lived, would not have acted; we approve because he designed them. And of this, I know not when we shall see an end. New Laws are propounded: exemptions are granted: great taxes imposed: banished men are restored: [and] false decrees of the Senate are produced: so as it seems, that the hatred only of that wicked man, and the grief of servitude is removed; but the Commonwealth is still tormented with those troubles, whereinto he brought her. Of all these things, you must make an end, of necessity; and not suppose, that the Commonwealth hath had already from you what was sufficient. She hath indeed so much, as I would never have hoped for: but she is not content with this: and the greatness of your benefit and courage considered, she expects, and desires from you, greater matters. Hitherto, with the death of the Tyrant, and by your means, she is revenged of her injuries: but which of her ornaments hath she recovered? Take you, peradventure, these for ornaments, that she obeys him dead, whom living she could ●ot support? or, that we defend his writings; whose Laws we ought to abrogate? you'll tell me, we so determined. It is true: But we did it, to give way unto the times, which in a Commonwealth, are of great ●or●● But some, bearing themselves indiscreetly, and ungratfully, assume too much security, upon our courtesy. Of which, and many other things, we will shortly discourse at our meeting In the mean while, persuade yourself, that I, both in respect of the Commonwealth, which was ever most d●a●e vn●o me, as also for the love we bear one another: have an especial care of your dignity. Look unto your heath. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 2.  
I Am very glad, that my sentence, and Oration, gives you content. The which, if I could often use, it would be no great labour to us, to re-establish the Commonwealth in liberty. But this foolish, and debauched companion, (and a wickedly wretch, than he was, of whom you we●e won● to say, that there was slain an impious man,) se●kes all means to procure a murder: and he doth, for no other end charge me, th●t I plotted Caesar's death; but because the old soldiers might rise up against me. Which danger no ways daunts me; so that I may also purchase praise for that, which you most gloriously have ●ffected. A●d thus, neither Piso, who was ●he first that spoke against him, without any man to second him; nor I, who a month after, did the like; nor Publius Ser●●lius, who spoke after me; can securely go into the Senate. For, that bloody fellow useth all meanus, to procure some slaughter: and, the xx. of Se●tember, he thought to begin with me. And I can tell you, he cam● provided into the Senate, having for many dries, in Metellus village, w●ll considered that, which he meant to utter against me. But, what sound consultations could he have amidst wine, and brothels? and therefore every one thought, as before I wrote unto you, that after his accustomed manner, he would have vomited, and not declaimed. Therefore, whenas you write, that you trust, that some good may be done by our authority, and eloquence: in truth, some benefit, in respect of so many evils, hath been already wrought. For, the people of R●me know, that there are three consular persons, who, for having spoken freely, what they thought behooveful for the Commonwealth, cannot securely go into the Senate. Neither must you expect any thing else. For, your greatest friend joys wholly in his new affinity. So that, he cares no more for sports: and he hu●sts for envy, seeing the favour, which the people, with cheerful shouts, ●●●ord your brother. That other kinsm●n, is also pacified by the ●ew Commentaries of Caesar. These things are toler●bl●: But this is insupportable; that there is one, who persuades himself, tha● in your year his son should be Consul; and for this cause, he seems diligently to court this villain. Lucius Cotta, my familiar friend, through a certain fatal despair, as he saith, comes not much into the S●nate. Lucius Caesar, an excellent, and valiant Citizen, is hindered by sickness. Servius Sulpitius, who is of great esteem, and desirous of the general good, is not in Rome: the o●hers, except those elected, pardon me, if I term them not Consula●es you know, who are the principal defenders of the Senate; who, if the Commonwealth were peaceable, were but a f●w: but, fewer now, when she is in molestation. Wherefore, all hope lies in you; ●he which, notwithstanding, ●●es not in you neither, if you remain far off, for your security; but if you en●er into any enterprise worthy of ●our glory; I would it might be compassed, wit● our safety: If not; yet this is most ●●rt●ine, that by your means the Commonwealth in shor● time shall be able to recover her former being I ●●i●her am, no● will be wanting to your friends: w●o● whether they seek m●e, or not, I w●ll discharge ●hose office●, ●or your sake, which may beseem the trust, and love I bear you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 3.  
YOur friend doth every day more than other, show his madness ●nd bestiality. First, in the Statue, that h● erected in the Rostra, he hath in graven these words. TO OUR BEST DESERVING PARENT. So that men think, th●t you have not only committed homicide; but that you have betrayed your Country. Why do I say, you? I should say, we: for that furious fellow affirms, that I was the Ringleader of that your notable service. I would I had been: he should not now have thus molested us. But this concerned you. Which, seeing it happened not. I would to God I had counsel to give you. But yet I do not see, what I should do myself; and what can be attempted against force, without force? And all their design is this, of Caesar. Whereupon he, being by Canu●ius, conducted to speak unto the people, the second day of October: in very truth departed disgracefully. But yet he uttered [●uch] things of you, who have preserved your Country, as should h●ue been delivered of one, that had betrayed it. Of myself he spoke this; that he was most assured, that, as you heretofore; so now, Canu●ius did all things by my directions. The rest, how it is, judge by this; that they have t●ken away the provision ●rom your Legate, which is usually allowed, for his journey. What is their meaning, thi●ke you, in doing this? Undoubtedly, that he is the Legate, not of a friend, but of an enemy to the Commonwealth. Oh wonderful misery! We could not support the Master: and now we serve our fellow-se●uant. And yet, for all this, (though I desire more than I can hope for) there still remains some hope in your valour. But where are the men? I conceal the rest: and leave it to yourself to be considered. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 4.  
I Would you had invited me to that supper, on the xv. of March; not a dish of meat should have remained. Now your relics disturb me, more than any man else. We have Consuls of singular valour, but bad Consulars; the Senate is very resolute, but those that are most resolute, have least authority. You can desire no more of the people: they are most valiant, and singularly well inclined; and so is all Italy. On the contrary, Philippus and Piso, Ambassadors, bear themselves after such a fashion; as there was never any thing more brutish, or impious [For] ●eing sent to Antonius, to propound some things unto him, in the behalf of the Senate; and he not willing to perform any of them: they, without the Senate's order accepted from him, and brought us intolerable demands. And therefore every one hath recourse to me; and at length, in matte● of public safety, I have the love, and concourse of the people. But from you, I had no advertisements, neither what you did, or intended to do, nor where you were. The rumour was, you were in Syria, but there was no certainty thereof. Of Brutus, not being so far off, the news that come seem truer. Dolabella hath been much blamed by men of understanding, because he so suddenly sought for the government o● Syria, your Province; you having not been there full thirty days. Wherefore, every man was of opinion; that he should not be received by you there. Great commendation is ascribed to you, and Brutus; because men judge, that you have, beyond all hope, raised an Army. I would write more at large, if I knew how things stood, and in what estate you were. And what I now write unto you, I write out of the opinion of men, and according to fame. I desirously expect your letters. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 5.  
I Suppose, that hitherto the winter hath been some hindrance, that we could not hear certainly, what you did; and least of all, where you were: nevertheless, every one affirmed, (out of their desire, as I suppose) that you were in Syria, and had forces. Which, was the more easily believed, in that it seemed probable. Our Brutus hath made purchase of singular praise: having performed such great ma●ters, and so far beyond the opinion of all men; tha●, besides their being acceptable of themselves; they are, for the expedition used therein, much more welcome. Wherefore, if those places be in your power, which we suppose; the Commonwealth is fortified with great defences. For, even from the first limits of Greece, as far as Egypt, we shall be assisted, by excellent Citizens, that govern those quarters; and by their people. Although (in my opinion) matters were at that pass; that all the danger of the war seemed to be in Decimus Brutus: and we hoped, that he would free himself from the asseige, by which he is environed; and valiantly come out into the field; which, if it fall out, the war will be thought ended. Howsoever, he was now at length beleaguered but by a few men. For, Antonius had a great garrison in Bononia; and at Claterna, was our Hirtius; and Caesar, at Forum Cornelium, both of them with a great Army: and Pa●sa had in Rome, levied many men, which were raised in Italy by choice. The winter was an impediment, that as yet, the enterprise was not attempted. Hirtius made show, as by frequent letters he signifies to me; that he would do nothing, but deliberately. Except Bononia, Regium in Lombardie, and Parma, we had Gaul● wholly devoted to the Commonwealth. And the Transpadani, your Clients, stood wonderfully for us. The [whole] Senate, (besides the Consulares,) was most resolved: of whom, there is only Lucius Caesar, that is most constant, and who aims directly at the public good. We have lost a great stay, ●y the death of Seruius Sulpitius● The others, are partly hollow-hearted, and in part malevolent: Some envy their praise, whom they see commended in the Commonwealth. But the people of Rome, and all Italy, are wonderfully united. These briefly were the matters, with which I desired you might be acquainted. Now I desire, that from those Eastern parts, the light of your valour may be resplendent. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 6.  
HOw things stood, when I wrote you these letters, you may understand from Caius Tidius Strabo, an hohonest man, and very well inclined to the Commonwealth; and to you, so affected, that only to come, and find you out, he hath abandoned his house and substance. And therefore it is needless, that I should recommend him to you; his coming may be a sufficient recommendation. As for our affairs, you are to imagine, and persuade yourself thus much, that all good men's ●●●uge ●●es in you, and Marcus Brutus; if it fortune, that things succeed not in Italy, as they were wished; which God forbid. When I wrote th●se letters to you, matter● were reduced to their last trial. Fo●, Brutus could now no longer keep himself in Mutina. Who being preserved, the victory is ours: if not● which God grant otherwise; we will all fly to you, as to the haven of safety. Wherefore, you must take upon you so great a courage, and make such preparation, as is necessary for the recovery of the Commonwealth. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 7.  
WIth what care, both in the Senate, and with the people, I have defended your honour, I had rather you should understand from other friends, then from myself. Which sentence of mine, in the Senate, would easily have prevailed, if Pansa had not violently opposed it. This sentence being delivered, Marcus Servilius, Tribune of the people, brought me to speak unto the assembly. I delivered of you, what I could, in the audience of so great a multitude, as the Forum was able to contain; with such a shout, and consent of the people, as I never saw the like I desire that you would pardon me, though I did in this against the will of your mother in law. She, being fearful, as women are wont to be, doubted lest Pansa might have been offended. True it is, that Pansa speaking to the people, alleged, that your mother, and your brother, were not willing, that I should have denounced such a sentence. But I was not moved with these things: my mind was of another matter: I sought the good of the Commonwealth, which I ever affected, together with your honour, and estimation. But of that, which I both largely discoursed, in the Senate, and delivered to the people; I would have you, to acquit my promise. For, I have promised, and in a manner confirmed; that you neither did, nor would expect our decrees; but that of yourself, according to your custom, you would defend the Commonwealth. And though we had not yet understood, either where you were, or what Forces were with you: yet I presupposed, that all the Forces, and people, of those quarters, were in your power. And I held for certain, that the Province of Asia, was ere this, by your means recovered. Now bear yourself so, that in augmenting your own glory, you go beyond yourself. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 8.  
AMongst other advertisements, which you have of the proceedings of Rome, I think you have understood, of the wickedness, extreme levity, and inconstancy of your kinsman Lepidus. Which was the cause, that whereas we judged, the war to have been ended, now we are enforced, to war, more than ever. All our hope consists in Decimus Brutus, and in Plancus: but, to speak truth, we have greater in you, and in my Brutus; hoping that you will not only preserve us, if matters here, which God forbid, succeed not; but also establish us in perpetual liberty. We heard of Dolabella, that which we desired: but we had no certainty thereof. For yourself, be out of doubt, that hitherto you are reputed, a great man: and it is expected, that hereafter likewise, you will make yourself, known for such. Proposing thus much unto yourself, labour to come on a pace, to the height of enterprises. The people of Rome, are of opinion, that there is nothing, but may by you be compassed, and obtained. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 9  
THe brevity of your letters will be the cause, that I also shall be brief in writing. And, to speak truth, I h●ue not much whereof to write; knowing assuredly, that the proceedings of Rome, are related unto you, by the ordinary advices; and of yours, in these parts, we hear nothing. For as if Asia, were on every side shut up, there come no advertisements unto us, but only a rumour, that Dolabella is vanquished: which hitherto is not verified: though they still talk thereof. When we supposed the war ended, upon a sudden through your Lepidus, we are fallen again into exceeding great trouble. And the greatest hop● the Commonwealth hath, is in you, and your people. True it is, that we have mighty armies: nevertheless, though all things should succeed, as I hope, happily, [y●t] it much imports that you come [hither,] for, the hope of the Commonwealth, is but little: I will not say, none at all. But, what is, men look it should take effect, in the year of your Consulship. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 10.  
Lepidus' your kinsman; [and] my familiar friend; together with others, that revolted against the Commonwealth; were, by common consent of the Senate, the last of june, denounced rebels. To whom notwithstanding, all August was granted to be think themselves. The Senate, questionless, is full of courage, and the rather by reason of the hopes they conceive of your succour. The war at the writing hereof was very hot: for which we may ●hanke the wickedness, and inconstancy of Lepidus. We hear every day that news, which we desire of Dolabella. But as yet they have no ground; nor come they from any person worthy of credit. There is only a muttering thereof amongst the multitude. Nevertheless, by the informations of your letters, written from the Camp the seventh of May; the City was of firm belief, that he was by this time suppressed. And that you would come into Italy with your Army. To the end, that if things here had the same issue, which we desired, we might employ your council, and authority: But if through hard Fortune, they were doubtful, as it ordinarily falls out in wars; we might be assisted by your army; which I will help to the best preferment I am able. About which, it will then be a fit time to negotiate, when it shall be known what aid it will [now] afford the Commonwealth, and what formerly it hath afforded. For hitherto, their endeavours only have been heard of; extraordinary doubtless, and generous: but, the effect is that, that is expected. Which, I trust, hath in some sort already succeeded: or will succeed very shortly. For valour, and magnanimity you are above all men esteemed. And therefore we desire out of hand to see you in Italy. If we have but you, we shall think we have a Commonwealth. The war had been altogether finished, if Lepidus had not received Antonius, who disarmed, and spo●led, took his heels. Whereupon, Antoniu● was never so hateful to the City, as Lepidus is at this present. For the one raised war in the troubles of the Commonwealth; the other in her peace, and victory. Against this man, we have Decimus; and Plancus, elected Consuls. In whom, great hopes are conceiued● But the uncertain issue of Battles, makes us remain very doubtful. Be therefore persuaded, that all lies upon you, & Brut●s. And, that you are bo●h expected; but Brutus hourly. And, though, as I hop●, your enemies will be vanquished before ●ou come; yet, by your authority, the Commonwealth will get up again, and settle herself in some estate, that shall be tolerable. For there are many things which must be lookit unto, when it fortuneth, that the common wealth, shall be wholly freed from the danger of her wickedest enemy's. farewell.   

Caius Cassius vice-consul, to Cicero. Ep. 11.  
IF you be in health, it pleaseth me: I am healthful. I give you notice, that I am gone into Syria, to se●ke Lucius Marcus, & Quintus Crispu●, Imperator's. Who, when they had heard in what agitation things were at Rome; as excellent, and valiant Citizens, they gave into my hands their Armi●s: and courageously, together with me, they apply themselves unto the service of the Commonwealth. And I further advertise you, that the Legion, that Quintu● Caecilius B●ssus had, is come to me. And that Aulus alienus h●th consigned over the four Legions which he conducted out of Egypt, to me also. Now, I cannot imagine it to be any ways needful, for me to exhort you to defend the commonwealth, and us, so far a● is requisite. I desire you should understand, that powerful aids are not wanting, either to you, or to the Senate. Wherefore, with cheerful hopes, and great courage go on, to defend the Commonwealth. About the rest, Lucius Carteius, a friend of mine, shall confer with you. Farewell. This fi●t of March. From the Camp's amongst the Taricheae.   

Caius Cassius Vi●e-consull, to Cicero. Ep. 12.  
IF you be in health, I am glad; myself am so. I red your letters, wherein I perceive your singular love towards me. For, you seem not only to favour us; as, in respect of the commonwealth, and for our own sakes you ever did: but further; to be very careful in our behalf, and to remain much perplexed. Whereupon, I supposing you thought, that while the Commonwealth was suppressed, we could have no repose; and that you were much troubled, in that you doubted of our safety: I had no sooner received the Legions, which Aulus alienus conducted out of Egypt, but I presently wrote unto you; and sent many posts to Rome. I also wrote unto the Senate; but, I appointed that my letters should not be presented, till you had read them, if my people have observed what I commanded. But, in case my letters have not been safely delivered; I am sure, that Dolab●lla, (which killing Trebonius by treachery, hath possessed all Asia) hath taken my Corrier's, and intercepted them. All ●he Armies which were in Syria, are in my power. I have been somewhat slow in paying ●he soldiers what I promised; [yet] now at length, I find myself rid of care. But, because you know, that I have refused no peril, nor labour in the service of the Commonwealth; And that persuaded, and advised by you, I have taken up Arms, against a faction of wi●ked rebels; and that I have not only assembled an army, in defence of the Commonwealth, and liberty; but also taken it by force from most cruel tyrants; (whereof, if Dolabella had been Commander, he would have increased the forces of Antonius; not only by his going; but with the fame, and expectation of his army:) let me entreat you to take mine honour to your protection. And, if you conceive, that the deserts of the soldiers towards the Commonwealth be of exceeding importance: for this, and the causes before alleged, be careful to aid, and favour them. And so procure, that no man may repent him of choosing rather to follow the Commonwealth; then hope of spoil, and rapine. In like manner, take under your pro●ection, so far as in you lies, the honour of Marcus, and Crispus, Imperator's. For, that reckless Bassus, would not assign over unto me his Legion. So that, if the soldiers in despite of him, had not sent me Ambassadors; he would have kept Apamea beleaguered till by main force, it had been taken. This I request of you, not only for the Commonwealth's sake, which was ever most dear unto you; but also in regard of our amity; which I assure myself, you greatly estimate. And be secure, that, this Army which I have, is for the service of the Senate, and every honest man, but principally for yourself. And it both loves, and esteems you, hearing daily of the affection which you bear it: but if it understand that yo● are careful of their profit, it will also think itself bound to do what it is able in your behalf. After the writing hereof, I heard that Dolabella was come into Cilicia, with his forces. I will make towards him, and endeavour to certify you of the issue. I would fortune would grant me such happiness, as is answerable to my deserts towards the Commonwealth. Look to your health, and love me. From the Camp this seventh of May. Farewell.   

Caius Cassius to Cicero. Ep. 13.  
I Hope you are in good health, as I was at the writing hereof. First, we rejoice for the safety; and victory of the Commonwealth; and then, in that your praises are every day renewed. For, you proving a powerful Consular, and greater than when you were Consul, you have gone beyond yourself. Whereat we do rejoice, but cannot sufficiently wonder. There is annexed to your virtue, something that is fatal, which we have now many times discerned by experience. For your gown is more fortunate, than th'arms of other men. Which at this present also, hath wrung the Commonwealth, out of the hands of enemies, and restored it. Now, therefore we shall live in liberty. Now, we shall have you, most eminent Citizen; and my dearest, and (in the adversities of the Commonwealth) approved friend, I say, we shall now have you, a testimony of our love, both to yourself, and to the Commonwealth, which is so near unto you. And those things, which you have many times promised, both to conceal, while we were in servitude; and to disclose in my behalf then, when they might be available: I now, desire not so much that you should utter them: as that yourself would but repute them what they are. For I more esteem of your judgement then any man's whatsoever: neither desire I that you should commend me above my deserts. And these our last exploits will not I hope, seem dissonant from the rest; nor performed unadvisedly, and without counsel: but conformable to those cogitations, whereof you are witness. Wherefore, you ought to add no little to my esteem, that my country may entertain the best hope of me. You have O Marcus Tullius, children, and neighbours beseeming you; and to you worthily most dear. You must also in the Commonwealth, next af●er these, make a dear esteem of those persons, who are emulous of your studies. Of which I desire there may be many; but yet I think not, that they are in ●o great a number, that I must be excluded; and that you have no place left you, wherein you may embrace me, and put me upon all things which concur with your pleasure, and my desert. I have peradventure laid open my mind unto you: but what my wit is, cannot through long servitude, be perfectly apprehended. We have, from the Maritime coasts of Asia, and the Islands, taken all the shipping we could. The press of such as were to row, though with great opposition of the Cities, was not long in compassing. We followed the Armada of D●labella; whereof Luciliu● was Admiral. Who oftentimes bearing us in hand, that he would unite himself with us; and oftentimes departing from us; at length bare in with Corcyrus, and began to keep himself within the port. Leaving it, we went to Cyprus; because we thought it better to return to the Camp, in that an other Naui● came after; which Tullius Cymber had the year before, gathered together in Bythinia, which was commanded by Turulius the Quaestor. And from thence; we thought good with all speed, to give you notice of what had happened. The Tarsenses most disloyal associates, and the Laodiceni far more foolish, have voluntarily called unto them Dolabella. By the aid of which Citties 〈…〉 up a kind of army, consisting of Grecian soldiers. He hath encamped his men before the town of Laodicea, he hath broken down a part of the wall, and hath united his soldiers with the townsmen. Our Cassius, with ten Legions, and twenty Cohorts of the League, and with four thousand horse lies within twenty miles of Palthos; and thinks he may vanquish without coming to fight. Because Dolabella is already enforced to buy his wheat at three Tetradrachms. And, if he cause no provision thereof to be conveyed in by the shipping of Laodicea; he must of necessity be shortly famished. And, that he shall not be able to procure any such conveyance; by the great fleet of Cassius, which is under the government of Sextilius Ru●us; and those three, which are under the conduct of myself, Turulius, and P●tichus; he will easily be hindered. Be you therefore of good hope, and confident; that as you have there delivered the Commonwealth; so we, ●or our parts, will therein use all expedition. Farewell. From Cyprus, the 13. of june.   

Lentulus, to his Cicero. Ep. 14.  
Having met with our Brutus, and perceiving that he meant to make some stay, be●ore his coming into Asi●: I returned thither, to collect the remainder of my labours; and to send money forthwith to Rome. In the mean time I understood, that Dolobella's Navy was in Lycia. With better than an hundred great ships to embark his army. And that Dolabella had made these preparations, to the end, that if his hopes in Syria were frustrated, he might get aboard, and make for Italy; to join with th' Antoniuses, and residue of Rebels. Whereof I was so fearful, that laying aside all other care, with a few small shipping I made towards him. And, if the Rhodi● had not crossed me: I had peradventure ended that business. Howsoever, the greatest number of those ships were taken, and the whole Navy discomfited. Through fear of our arrival, the Captains & soldiers fled: and we took all the great merchant ships, of what burden soever. I am assured, that I have prevented Dolabella's coming with any Navy into Italy, which I greatly feared; and I have crossed his union with his Companions, which might have put you to some trouble. How greatly the Rhodij, despaired both of us, and the Commonwealth, by the public letters which I have sent, you may gather. And certainly I have written less of their enraged disposition, then in effect I found it. But, that I have written somewhat thereof, do not wonder: Their folly is too palpable. Neither did any particular injuries to myself, ever move me. Their bad practices against our safety, their desire of following the factious; their standing out in defiance of every honest man; could not by me in reason be supported. And yet I esteem them not all knaves. But the same parties, who neither received my father, when he fled; nor Lucius L●●tulus; nor Pompeius; nor other famous Captains; the very same as it were ou● of destiny, are either now themselves in Magistracy; or else have such therein, as are at their disposing. So that, persisting in doing evil, they show the same arrogancy. And it is not only profitable to our Commonwealth, but also necessary, that such insolency should be chastised; which will grow greater, if by impunity it be supported. As for our honour, I desire, you would have a care thereof: and when you have any occasion, either in the Senate, or in any other occurrent, vouchsafe to favour me. Seeing Asia is deputed to the Consuls, and they permitted, that till they come themselves, they may place a Lieutenant in the government; entreat them, at my request rather to confer this dignity upon myself then any other, and that they will constitute me Lieutenant, till either of them comes unto their government. For they have no occasion to hasten their coming, or to send hither any Army. For Dolabella is in Syria, and will, before these men come, be suppressed by Cassius: as you divinely foresaw, and did prognosticate. For Dolabella, being beaten from Antiochia; and in the assault he gave, ill entreated; distrusting every other City, is retired to L●odic●a, which is upon the coast of Syria. There I hope shortly he will be roused, and having no place of refuge left him: nor being able to withstand so great an Army, as that of Cassius; I make no doubt but that ere this time, he is defeated, and subdued. Whereupon I think Pansa, and Hirtius, need not hasten, in their Consulship to come unto their Provinces; but rather discharge their Consulship at Rome● wherefore if you request them, that I in the mean while, may have the managing of Asia; I hope you may obtain it. Besides, Pansa, and Hirtius promised me by word of mouth, and afterwards wrote unto me thereof, and Pansa affirmed as much to ou● Verrius, that he would procure, that during his Consulship, I should have no successor. Yet I protest that I affect not this prorogation out of any desire I have unto the Province. For unto me, it hath ever been very troublesome, dangerous, and expensive. But because I would not have suffered in vain, so many discommodities, and be urged to depart from hence, before I reap the last fruits of my laborious industry. For, if I could send home those somms which I had gathered; I would require a successor: but to get in that which I disboursed to Cassius; and that which we lost by the death of Trebonius; and by Dolabella's cruelty; or by their perfidious proceedings, who failed both me, and the Commonwealth, against the duty of their allegiance: Which cannot be done, without time. I am v●ged to desire, that you, as your custo●e is, would be a means, that I may have this opportunity. I hope, I have so borne myself towards the Commonwealth, that in reason I may expect, not the benefit o● this Province, but as much as Cassius, and Brutus: not only, in that I was an associate with them, in that same action, and danger; but also because now, I am not wanting, in any valour, or industry. For I was the first, that broke the laws of Antonius; the first that drew Dolabella's cavalry, to take part with the Commonwealth; and that surrendered it to Cassius; the first to press soldiers for general safety, against that most wicked conspiracy; and that only united Syria, and the Armies that were there, with Cassius, and the Commonwealth. For, if I had not given so much treasure to Cassius; so many men; and with that expedition I did; he would never have attempted to go into Syria. Which if it had not been, the Commonwealth should by this time have had no less cause, to fear Dolabella, than Antonius. And all these things I did, notwithstanding, I was a familiar friend, and companion to Dolabella; and by near affinity allied to the Antoniuses; and had also by their means, gotten my Province. But because I bore greater love to my country, I was the first that raised war against mine own familiars. And though I find, that for these things, I have not hitherto, had any great recompense: Yet am I not altogether out of hope: nor will I hold it troublesome resolvedly to persever in the desire of liberty only: but in labour also, and in dangers. Nevertheless if, for the benefit of the Senate, and of all good men, I be also put forward, by some provocation of just, and lawful glory; we shall be in the greater authority with others, and consequently be able the more to assist the Commonwealth. When I was with Brutu●, I could not see your son, because he was then gone with the troops of horse to their assigned winter gua●ison● But, th●t he is so disposed, I ●weare unto you, I rejoice both for yours, and ●or his, but especially for mine own sake. For I hold him in the est●eme of a Br●th●r, because he is your son, and worthy of you. Farewell. From P●●ga: the 29. of May.   

Publius Lentulus son to Publius, Vice-quaestor, and Vice-praetor; to the Consuls, Praetors, Tribunes, Senate, people, and Commonalty of Rome. Epist. 15.  
DOlabella having by wicked means, oppressed Asia, I went into Macedonia, a neighbour Province: and to the Guarisons of the Commonwealth, which Marcus Brutus a renowned person, had under his government: and I sought to bring to pass, that the province of Asia, and the impositions, might, by the means of persons, which could easily perform it, be reduced within your authority. Whereof Dolabell●, being very fearful: and after his sacking of the Province, fingering the customs, but above all, most cruelly pillaging and selling all the Roman citizens, he being so suddenly departed, that we could not in time come up with our ●orc●s: it was not fit for me, to sojourn there any longer; or to expect supplies of soldiers. And I both thought it good ou● of hand to return unto my office, and to recover the remainder of the ●axations, and to get in, that money which I had collected: and besides this, presently to examine, wh●t sums had been seized on, and by whose negligence: that I might absolutely in●forme you of ●he success thereof. In the mean while, sailing amongst the Islands, which lay in my way to Asia, I being informed that D●lab●ll's Nau●● was in Lycia, and that the Rhodij had diverse ships furnished, under sail, and in a readiness: with that shipping, which partly I brought with me, and in part was gathered by Patiscus●he ●he vice Quaestor, (a person very inward with me, both for the familiarity we have had together, and for the affection we both jointly bear to ●he commonwealth,) I returned to Rhodes; being confident i● your authority, and the Senate's decree, by which you had proclaimed D●labella for an enemy: and building upon the League, which Marcus Marcellus, and Servius Sulpitius being Consuls, was renewed with the ●hodij; wherein they had taken oath, that they would esteem those enemies, which by the Senate, and people of Rome were so reputed● But we were much deceived. For, they were so far from furnishing us with men, for the security of our Navy: that even at the entry into th●●owne, at the Port, those habitations that were without the City, denied our souldiers● not only sustenance, but very water: and we ourselves, with one smal● Bark, were scarcely entertained. Which indignity, and disparagement of Majesty, not only to my place, but also to the Empire and people of Rome, I for this cause digested; in that by intercepted letters we understood, that Dolabella, being out of all hopes of Syria, and Egypt, resolved (as necessarily must ●nsue) to embark himself, with all his thee●●sh followers, and with all the money, and so to com●●or Italy And that, for this effect, the great Merchants ships also, of which, there was none, that were of a lesser burden than two thousand Amphorae, that were united in Lyci●, were laid for, by his Armada. ●oued (O conscript Fathers) wi●h the fear here of; I the rather made choice to support these injuries: and though with our disgrace, first, to attempt all other means. Wherefore, being admitted into the Citt●e, and Senate, by their consent, I propounded the cause of the Commonwealth, with as great vehemency, as I could: and set before them, all the danger, which would ensue, if that Rebel should with his associat's be ●mbarqued. But I 〈◊〉 the Rhodij so perverse, that they thought every one more loyal than those th●t really were so. Neither did they believe, that there was such a concord, a●d union of all degrees, courageously to defend Liberty: and were confident, that the Senate, and every honest man would as yet be patient; and that it was not possible, that any man should dare to denounce Dolabella●or ●or a rebel. Finally, whatsoever was falsely averred by these knaves, they held more true, then in e●fect it was: or then that, which we could beat into them● Out of the same perversity also, before our coming, and after Treb●nius was so unworthily murdered, and so many other wicked actions; two Embassies of theirs went to Dolabella; and certainly, without any precedent, contrary to their laws, yea, and though they were prohibited by their Magistrates. Whether they did these things for fear, as they affirm of certain territories which they hold within the continent, or out of a bad intention, or through the overswaying power of some few; which had also heretofore used the same vil●anie to renowned men; and being at this present in highest dignities, would not by any example, either on your part, or ours that were present, though easily they might, neither prevent our present peril, nor that which menaced all Italy, and our city; if that Traitor together with his th●●uish associates, being expelled out of Asia, and Syria, had there arrived. Some also were ●uspicious, that the said Magistrates, did but entertain time, and delay us, while Dolabella's Fleet might be advertised of our coming. Which suspicion was the more confirmed, by some particulars which succeeded; especially, because Se●tus Marius; and Caius Titius, Dolab●lla's Legates departed suddenly out of Lyci●, from the Navy; and in a Fust fled away. Leaving there, all the great ships: in preparation and gathering of which, they had spent no small time, and labour. Wherefore, we coming from Rh●des into Lycia with such shipping as we had; we took the great ships and restored them to their owners, and freed ourselves from the great fear which possessed us, that Dolabella with his fellow rebels would have made for Italy. The Navy which got away, we pursued as far as Syda, which is the uttermost limit of my Province. There I understood, that one part of Dolabella's shipping was fled; and another gone into Syria, and Cyprus. I knowing that Caius Cassius, a famous Captain, and Citizen, was in Syria with a great Fleet in readiness; returned to my charge: & will endeavour (O conscript Fathers) to use for you, and for the Common wealth, all officious care and diligence: & to recover those sums of money, with the greatest possible expedition; and send them you, with all the accounts. When I have run over my Province, and have notice, who have been faithful to us, and the Commonwealth; in preserving the treasure by me laid up, and who those wicked persons have been, that wilfully carried these public moneys to Dolabella; I will thereof advertise you. Against whom, if you find it fitting, rigorously to proceed according to their desert, affording me that reputation, with your authority; I shall the more easily be able, both to recover the remainder of the Customs, and to preserve it being recovered. In the mean while, that I may the better hold the customs, and defend the Province from insultat●o●s, I have drowen together, a necessary guard of men, which offered themselves, o● their own good will. When these le●ters were written, there came into Pamphilia about thirty soldiers, that fled into Syria, of those that Dolabella had entertained in Asia. These men brought news, that Dolabella was gone to Antiochi●, which is in Syria, bu● that he was not there received; and striving diverse times to enter thereinto by force, he was ever repulsed with disadvantage. So that losing about an hundred men, and leaving there diverse sick persons, he fled by night from Antiochia towards Laodicea. And how in that might, all his Asiaticke soldiers left him: amongst which some eight hundred returned to Antiochia, and yielded up themselves, to those, which held that City for Cassius: the others by mount Ama●us, came down into Cilicia: of which number, they likewise said they were. But, that it was reported, that Cassius, with all his people was about four day's journey from Laodice●, when Dolabell● went thither. For which cause, I assuredly hope that this most wretched rebel will pay for his disloyalty sooner than is expected. From Perga. The 2. of june.   

Caius Trebonius to Cicero. Epist. 16.  
I Arrived in Athens, the xxij of May, where to my infinite contentment I saw your son dedicated to the noblest studies; and in great esteem for his modesty. Wherein, what pleasure I took, you may understand without my telling you. For you know well, how much I value you: and how greatly in respect of our ancient and and sincere love, I rejoice at all your prosperities; much more at this so great an happiness. Do not suppose, my Cicero, tha● I deliver this to you, to flatter you. Your youth, and therefore ours, (for I have nothing but what is yours,) hath above all others, won the hearts of every man that lies in Athens; and is more than any man studious of those virtues, which yo● especially affect, and are most excellent. So that, in what I can truly congratulate with you, I do it willingly; and no less with myself, than you: that we find him, whom we must what soever he were, love of necessity; to be of such condidition that we may love him willingly. Discoursing with me, he cast out a word, that he would see Asia; whereunto he was no● only by me invited, but entreated, that he would do i●; especially, while I had the government thereof. And you may be assured, that I will use him with that dear affection, that yourself would. I will also take order, that Cra●ipp●● may come with him: to the end you may not think, that in Asia he neglects those studies, whereunto you have exhorted him. I see him well disposed, and far entered into a good way: nevertheless, I will not cease to encourage him therein, to the end, that day by day learning, and exercising himself, he may go forward. At the date of these, I knew not what was done about the Common wealth I heard certain rumours, the which God grant, may be false; that once we may enjoy a quiet liberty: which hitherto I never could. Notwithstanding, in my Navigation, having found a little vacancy, I have compounded a trifle, according to my manner, to present you with. And I have collected together certain sayings, delivered by you, to my great honour, which I have here under written. Wherein, if I seem unto you in some words a little too free; excuse me, in that he, against whom I speak, is such an one, as deserves worse, than I have spoken. Let me request you also to pardon our choler, which is but just, against such men and Citizens. And then, why should Lucilius rather be permitted to take upon him this liberty, than myself? Considering, that if the hatred he ba●e to them, of whom he spoke i'll, were squall to mine; yet were not they, more worthy than this man, with so great a liberty of words, to be reproved. I look you should presently introduce me, a speaker in your Dialogues, as you promised. And I am certain, that in w●iting any thing of the death of Caesar; you will afford me, in that action, and your own love, no little portion. Farewell: and let me recommend my mother, and all mine unto you. From Athens; the 25. of May.   

Cicero to Quintus Cornificius his Colleague. Ep. 17.  
THe memorial you retain of me, is according as you signify in your le●ters, beyond measure to me acceptable; and I entreat you to preserve it; not that I any ways doubt the contrary, but because it is the custom, to be thus solicitous. There's news out of Syria, of certain tumults, which in that they a●e nearer to you, than us, I am more sorry for yours, than mine own respects. Rome is in wonderful quiet: but it were far better, that it were busied in some beneficial, and honourable ●rau●iles; which, I hope will be; because I ●e● Caesar hath a desire thereunto, Understand, that in your absence, I e●d●e very boldly, because me thinks I may, you being absent: and among ma●y thi●●● which peradventure would no● dislike you, I h●ue lately written of the perfect form of speaking. Wherein, I thought many times, that you were somewhat discrepant from my opinion; after that manner that a learned man useth to descent, from one, that is, unlearned. I would have you first, commend this Book, for it own desert; and then, though you should think it deserves nothing; yet to do me a pleasure. I will give it to your friends, to be written out, that they may send it you. For I suppose, though you approve not of the subject, yet finding yourself now without employments, you will take delight in every thing that comes from me. Whereas you recommend unto me your dignity, and reputation, in this you follow the custom of o●hers: but I assure you, that beside, the great account I make of your friendship, I do so estimate your virtuous studies, and understanding; and have so great hope, that you will a●ise to eminent degrees of honour; as I prefer none before you, and hold but few your equals. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cornificius his Colleague. Epist. 18.  
TO the last point of your last letters, I will fi●st make answer, because I have sometimes observed this custom in you that are great Orators● you complain that I write not unto you: and I ever wrote, when I heard by your friends, that there was any opportunity. By your letters me thinks I conceive, that you will do nothing but deliberately; and that you will not resolve of any thing, before you understand, what will become of I know not what Caecilius Bassus. The which I presupposed out of your prudence; and now, your grave letters ratify as much. And I entreat you as earnestly as I can, ●o write often to me: to the end I may understand what you do, and what is done, as also what you mean to under take. Though at your departure from hence, I was much grieved, to be deprived of your company: yet I was comforted through hope, that you should go into great quietness, and remove your sel●e from affairs of moment, which were imminent. But the quite contrary hath happened; for, there you have war, & here we have peace: but such peace, as if you were here, many things would dislike you: by which even Caesar him●elfe is also disgusted. For the end of c●uill war, is ever of this nature, that matters are not carried according to the will of the Conqueror only, but they also must be obeyed, by whose assistance the victory hath been obtained. For my part, I am now so accustomed hereunto, as in Caesar's sports I had the patience, to behold Ti●us Plancus, and to hear the Poems of Publiu●, and Laberius. I would have you know, that I want nothing more, then to have one by me, with whom I might learnedly, and familiarly laugh at these things. You shall be th● man, if you come speedily: and this I suppose imports not only me, but yourself also. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 19  
I Most willingly read your letters, wherein I took great contentment, perceiving that you had received mine. For I made no question, but you would desirously peruse them: I only doubted of their delivery. By yours, I understood, how Caes●r committed to you the war of Syria, and the government thereof. I pray God, you may have good and happy success in that employment; as I hope you shall, being confid●nt in your wisdom, and industry. But what you write unto me, touching the suspicion of a Par●●ian wa●re, hath much disturbed me. Considering your strength, by what I gather from your letters, and mine own conjecture. Wherefore I desire at this present, that the Parthians may not stir, till those Legions are arrived, which must as I hear, be brought unto you. And if you have not power ●nough to fight, fail not to take the same course, which was once taken by Marcus Bib●lus: who shut himself within a well fortified, & very plentiful Town, so long as the Parthians were with in the province. But you may better dispose of these things, according to the time, and to th'occasio●● I shall ever be pensive for you● till I know wha● h●th succeeded. I never hea●d of ●ny mess●●ger that went to you, bu● I delivered him le●ters for you. I request you to do ●●e like; and above all, to writ● v●●o your friends in such a manner, that they may conceive me to be yours. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cornificius his Colleague. Epist. 20.  
YOur letters were very welcome to me, but that you disdained to lodge at the little Inn at Sinv●ssa. But know, that, that little village will take it ill; unless in Cumanum, and Pomp●●anum you reform the error you have committed. Therefore do as I bid you, and let me have you to love me; and by writing sometimes to me, invite me to do the like. For I can more easily answer, then provoke. But if you be negligent, as you begin; I will urge you: lest your lithe●n●sse, beget ignorance. More at more leisure. Th●se, I scribbled in the Senate. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 21.  
CAius Anitius my familiar acquaintance, a well qualified person, comes into Africa about his private affairs, with a titular Embassy. I desire you would assist him in every thing and procure, that he may dispatch his business, with all possible conveniency: and especially, which he much regards, that he may be honoured, and respected according to his dignity. And I request you that he may have Lictors allotted him. Which in my Province, I ever allowed to all Senators, without entreaty; having had frequent precedents thereof by men of greatest account, upon mine own knowledge, and other men's relation. Therefore, my Cornificius, let this be done. And in all other occurrents, as you love me, have a care of his honour, and occasions: for you cannot do me a greater pleasure. Be careful of your health. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 22.  
HEre, we have war, with Antonius our swaggering Colleague, a man beyond all other, ●ost outrageous: but not upon squall conditions: For we, use words, he arms. He speaks ill also of you to the people; but he shall not go so away with it: for, he shall be made to know, whom he hath injuried. I suppose others have written the news passed unto you. But expect from me what comes hereafter, which may easily be presaged. Every thing bends to ruin. Good men have no Head. And they who sl●w the Tyrant, are in remote Countries. P●nsa is well inclined, and speaks courageously. Our Hirtius is slack in the recovery of himself. What will ensue I certainly know not: one hope remains, that the people of Rome will once be like their predecessors I will not surely be wanting unto the Commonwealth, and I, whatsoever ha●pens, wherein I am innocent, will w●th a constant mind support it: and above all I will defend your fame, and reputation. The xx. of September, in a fu●l S●nate, I passed a decree, as well about other important matters, as also of this; that the Provinces should remain to those that were in government, and be assigned over to none, but to such as should be sent thither by the Senate's o●der. It is true, that I propounded this coarse, for the respects of the Commonwealth; bu● questionless, more fo● the preservation of your dignity. Wherefore I entreat you, out of our am●●i●, and exhort you for the Common wealth's cause, t●at you will not suffer any man, to take upon him any authority in your Province: and that you will ever make honour your object; before which, nothing should be preferred. I speak to you freely, as our inward friendship requireth. Touching Sempronius, if you had carried yourself according to my letters, you would have purchased great esteem with every man. But this is past, neither is it of any great momē●. What I will now tell you, much more importeth. Be sure to retain the Province, under the power of the Commonwealth. I would have written more copiously, but that your men were in haste: therefore excuse me to our Cherippus. Farewell.   

Cicero to Co●●ificius. Epist. 23.  
STraetorius gave me ample information, both of the state of your Province, and of the form you observe in governing it. Oh, what a number of intolerable things are committed every where! But, by ho● much the mo●e eminent your place is, by so much the less, should you have digested those matters which happened to you. For, though the indignities, which you support out of the greatness of your mind and understanding, are not such, as you should take them deeply to heart; ●et should you not omit, to revenge them. B●t of these things another time. I know undoubtedly, that you are informed of the daily occurrents of the City: and if I did not imagine it, I would write thereof my sel●e unto you: and I would also write of all the attempts of Caesar Octa●ianus; and how the Vulgar believes, that Antonius hath charged him wrongfully; that he might, with violence, take the young man's treasure from him. But wise men, and of good disposition, hold the matter for truth, and allow thereof. What should I say more? There is great hope in him. 'Tis thought he will enter into any enterprise, that may procure him praise and glory. But Antonius, our familiar friend, observes himself to be so generally hated, as having surprised them in his house, who meant to kill him, he d●res not discover them. The ix. of October he went to Brundisium, to meet with the four Legions, that returned out of Macedonia: being persuaded, that with money, he could have won them to his direction, and so conduct them to Rome, to bridle us here, and hold us in servitude. This is, as it were, a model of the Commonwealth; if it be any Commonwealth at all, where all matters are carried by Arms, and Soldiers. And I am much vexed, to think, that you could not for years, relish the Commonwealth, in a time, when it was entire, and out of danger: and yet in former times, there was some hope: but now, even hope itself is taken away. And what hope can there be? seeing Antonius durst tell the people, that Canutius sought to obtain their favour, who could not, with his safety, be permitted to remain within the City. For mine own part, I patiently endure (thanks to Philosophy) these, and all things else, which are incident to man. For, she doth not only free me from grief, but also arms me, against all the assaults of Fortune. And I advice you to do the like, and to make nothing in the number of evils, wherein yourself have had no hand. In which point I will no further extend myself, because I will not speak of those things which you know better than myself. Our Str●torius ever gave me content; but now, I am urged to love him, more than hitherto; perceiving that in your occasions, no man could have used greater diligence, or have been more circumspect. Have a care of your health: for herein you shall do me an unspeakable pleasure.   

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 24.  
IN every occasion, which presents itself, of honouring or assisting you, I discharge those offices, I owe unto you: as you shall understand by your friends letters; to which I refer myself But yet I cannot for●eare to exhort you, to be very careful of the Commonwealth. This is an action, worthy of your courage, of your understanding, a●d of ●hat hope, which you ought to nourish, of augmenting your ow●e dignities Bu● to this purpose, another time, I will discourse with you more at l●rge; for at th● writing of this, there was nothing certain. The Ambassadors we●e not yet returned, which the Senate sent, not to entreat Antonius for peace, but to put him in mind of war, if he yielded not to the Ambassador's wo●ds. I nevertheless, so soon as I had any opportunity, according to my wont custo●e, defended the Commonwealth, and off●●ed myself, as head unto th● S●nate, and people of Rome. And after I embraced the cause, I ever defended safety, and common liberty. But my desire is, you should also understand this by other men's letters. I recommend unto you, Titus Pinarius, my special friend, and I recommend him with all efficacy. I love him exceedingly, both because he is adorned with all virtues, and in that he is delighted in our studies. He is Agent for our Dionysius, who by you is much, but by myself, infinitely beloved. And therefore, ●hough I know it superfluous; yet I commend his affairs unto you, entreating you to have such a care thereof, as by the letters of Pinariu●, who will b●e very grateful, we may evidently understand, that you have been favourable, both to him, and Dionysius. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 25.  
ON the feasts of Ba●●●us, I received your letter's, whi●● Cornificius told me he delivered, two and twenty days af●er the receipt. Ther● was no Senate that day, ●or the day following. The day of M●n●rua, in full Senate I handled your cause: and it seemed, Min●rua herself, that day favoured me. For the Senat● 〈◊〉 ●he sel●e same day● that I pleaded for you, ordained, that the Statue of Minerva, which I had set up in the Capitol, with this inscription, Custos urbis, and was by a gust of wind blown down; should be again erected. Pansa recited your letters. The Senate approved highly of the matter, with much alacrity, to the grief of Minotaurus, that is of Clavisius, and Ta●rus, and an honourable decree was passed in your favour. There were some, which demanded, that some disgrace might h●ue been imposed upon them. But Pansa would needs use all clemency. ay, my Cornificius, the first day, that ever I conceived hope of liberty, the xx. of December, while others lingered, laid the foundations of the Commonwealth. That very day I laboured much, & wrought effectually in the promotion of your dignity. For the Senate granted me, that the government of the Provinces s●ould not be altered: and ye● I ceased not afterwards, to beat down, and impugn him, that with great scorn to the Commonwealth, and injury to you held, being absent, this Province. So that, exclaiming, and crying out upon him daily, I procured, that, whether he would, or no, he betook ●im to the City, and was not only thrust out of the hope, but the present security, and possession of his Province. I am very glad, that for matters, which I deservedly, and most justly spoke against him, you have by your sufficiency preserved your own honour, and that you have been dignified with the greatest honours of the Province. Whereas you purge yourself towards me, concerning Sempronius, I except of the excuse you make. For, that was a kind of season, when it was requisite to live after another man's humour. Now you must understand, th●t I, who was wont to counsel, and favour you, being angry with the times, despairing of liberty, went presently into Greece: but the Northern winds, like good Citizens, being displeased, that I should abandon my Country, would not follow me; and those of the South, blowing forcibly a contrary course, brought me back to Rhegium; that is, amongst your kindred: and from thence being assisted with wind, and oars, in great hast I came into my Country. Where, the day following, in the Senate, whereas others were in great servitude, I only was free; and spoke in such a mann●r against An●onius, as he was not able to endure: but wi●h that drunken fury of his, opposed himself against me. And se●king to shed blood, he did not only desire, th●t some provocation wo●ld proceed from me; but also laid, to the end, snares. This man belching, as it were, and vomiting, was by me so repelled, that he lay open to the blows of C●sar Octavianus. ●or, the generous young man, first to guard himself, and then for the interest of the Commonwealth, hath gotten forces together. Which if he had not done, the return of Antonius from B●u●dusium, would have been a plague to our Country. I suppose you know, what afterwards ensued. But to return, where I left, I accept of your excuse for Sempronius. Then, in so great an hurly-burly, you could not resolve of any thing. Now, the time permi●s, that we may live after any other fashion, and that other custom's may be embraced, as Terentius speaketh. Wherefore, my Quintus, enter with us into the same ship, and come up to the stern. There's now but one ship, fraught with all good men, which I endeavour ●o keep from swerving; God grant, with a prosperous course; bu● what wind●s soever blow, my skill shall never be wanting: And what can ver●ue further effect? As for your occasions, be of a noble and haughty courage: and be resolved, that all your honour must stand with the safety of the Commonwealth. I will effectually wherein I can, favour Pub●ius Luc●●●us. And i● was not needful y●u should recommend him: he being most dea●e unto me. We have too much out of season lost Hir●us, and Pansa, our Colleagues, most beneficial members to the Commonwealth, in their Consulships. For, though in respect of that Rebel Ant●nius, the Commonwealth is secure; yet is she not absolutely rid of molestation● I will defend her, according to my custom, if no accident hinder m●e: Though at this instant I am v●ry w●ary. But no defatigation shall have power ●o far ou●r me, as to make me fail in offices, or fidelity. And to this purpose, let these suffice● I will write nothing to you of myself; I leave that for you to understand from othe●s. We had certain informations of you, which I would they were true. Of Cneius Minutius, whom in certa●n● letters you extolled to the heavens, s●me h●rd reports are dispersed; of which, as also of the proceedings in these parts, I desire to hear from you the certainty. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 26.  
QVintus Turius, who hath negotiated in Africa, an honest man, and of a good family, made his heirs, Cneius Saturninus, Sextus Aufidius, Cneius Ann●ius, Quintus C●nsidius Gallus, Lucius Servilius Posthumus, & Caiu● Rubellinus, men like unto himself. By their speech I conceived, that I was more bound to thank you, for that you had done for them; then to commend them unto you. For they so highly extol your generous disposition, and the courtesy, which I saw you had afforded them, that I dare not further entreat you. Nevertheless I will presume, knowing of what power my recomendation is with you. And therefore, I request you, that the same favour you showed him without my letters, you will for their respect, afford it him more plentifully. And of my recommendation the substance is this; that you will not permit, that Erotes Furius, Freeman to Quintus Furius, usurp the inheritance of Furius, as hitherto he hath done. And, that for my sake, you will make special esteem of them in all o●her occurrents. Wherein, you will receive great contentment, both for their eminency, and in respect of their observance towards you. And herein I entreat you as earnestly as I am able. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 27.  
S●xtus Aufidius observes me after such a sort, as I am not more honoured by any of my kindred. And so magnificent he is, that in this point no Roman Knight is his Superior. Then is he of such a temperate, and mild behaviour, that in him, singular gravity, concurs with affability. I commend unto you his businesses in Africa, with such sincerity, and so heartily, as they possibly can be recommended. You shall highly favour me, in doing your endeavour, to let him understand, that my letters were of great authority with you. And this is my main request, dear Cornificius. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 28.  
I Am also of your opinion, that they, who as you write, threatened Lilybaeum, deserved there to be punished. But you are afraid, as you say, to seem too forward in your chastizements: and ●herfore you were afraid, ●o appear a grau●, and courageous Citizen: or such an one, as is worthy to be yourself. I like it well, that you renew our league in the preservation of the Commonwealth, which you entertained with me, as an inheritance from your father. Which society, my Cornificius, shall always continue amongst us: I am also well pleased, that you are of opinion, that you need not thank me in your own behalf. For betwixt us, this office is superfluous. The Senate should often be solicited about your dignity, but that in absence of the Consuls, they are never assembled, except upon some new occurrents. And therefore by ●he Senate there's nothing to be done at this present, either about those six hundred Crowns, or about those twenty one thousand. And therefore I am of opinion, that you must impose taxations, and take up at interest. Concerning the state of the commonwealth, I suppose you are advertised by their let●ers, who usually write unto you, of the occurrents of Rome. I am in good hope. And I am not wanting to my country, with my council, care, or endeavour. To the enemies of the Commonwealth, I show myself a capital enemy. Matters appear to me, to be in good state; and would be far better, if some men were not culpable. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cornificius. Ep. 29.  
I Think there is not a man amongst the people of Rome, (much less you who knows all my occasions,) tha● conceives not, what familiarity I retain with Lucius Lamia: For it was manifested to all Rome, at the same time, when by Aulus Gabinius the Consul he was confined, because valiantly, and freely he had defended my safety; Neither did our love grow only from this; but from an affection which was great, and of long continuance. Whereupon he refused not to undergo any danger upon mine occasion. To which offices, or rather deserts, so pleasing a conversation is to be added, that there is no man with whom I ought to be more delighted. Now the reason of so special love being made manifest unto you; I imagine you look not with what words I recommend him. I would have you know thus much only, that if you defend Lamia's occasions, his agents, his Freemen, and his very slaves, wherein it shall be requisite; it shall more satisfy me, then if you had vouchsafed me this courtesy, in defence of mine own proper substance, and interest's. And I m●ke no doubt, but without my recommendation, your judgement of men is such, that for Lamia's own sake, you will do any thing very willingly. Although 'twas said, that you were persuaded, that he was present, at the recording of a decree of the Senate, made in prejudice of your honour: whereas he was never present at the passing of any decree, under those Consuls. And besides this, all the decrees that then came from the Senate were false. Except you also, bele●ue, that myself was present at that decree of Sempronius: when at the same instant I was not in Rome; as I wrote unto you, when the matter was fresh in memory. But of this, hitherto. I request you, my Cornificius, with the greatest efficacy I am able, that you will verily believe, that all Lamia●s negotiations are mine own: and take order that he may perceive, that this my recommendation hath been very useful to him. You cannot do me a greater favour. Be careful of your health. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 30.  
Do I then write to you for none, but such as are contentious? And though this be true, yet you cannot say, but I write often to you. For you have used the matter so, that no man thinks he can obtain your favour without my letters. But which of your men ever told me, that he came from thence as a messenger, by whom I have not written back again? Or else, being denied to talk with you face to face, what greater recreation do I find, then either in writing to you, or reading your letters? I am rather grieved, that I am hindered by so many employments, that I have no conveniency to write unto you, as often as I would. For than I would invite you not with Epistles, but with whole volumes: with which in all reason you s●ould provoke me. For though you are employed; nevertheless, you have more leisure than I. If you have no time to spare, be not so shameless, and troublesome in importuning me, to write often to you; considering that you write so seldom to me. For if heretofore I have been encumbered with many occupations, (for I was busied in defending the Commonwealth with all care;) much more am ● at this present. For even as they are more grievously sick, who seeming to be cu●'d of a malady, are relapsed: so do we feel far greater disturbance, being enforced to war anew, when we thought the war was almost finished. But thus much may suffice for these things. You, my Cornificius, labour to persuade yourself, that I am not of so weak an affection, not to say inhuman; as that I can be outgone by you, either in love, or courtesy. In truth I no ways doubted of your love; and yet C●erippus hath made it me much more manifest. Oh what a man is this! I always took him to be fit for my conversation; but now I apprehend him to be delightsome. As I live, he hath not only revealed your mind unto me, with your own words, but with your gesture also. So as, do not fear, that I am offended with you, because you wrote unto me in the self same form, as you wrote unto others. True it is, I was desirous you should write unto me in another fashion than you wrote to others: but this I did, rather excited by love, than choler. Touching the charge, you say you are, and have been at, in respect of the war; verily, I cannot ease you. For besides that the Senate by the death of the Consuls, remains, as it were, without a guide; and there is no way to raise any provision; you would not believe into what distress of monies the public treasure is brought; which is, on all sides exhausted, to discharge the pays of ●he best deserving soldiers, which in my opinion can never be wholly discharged, without some new imposi●ions. Of Accius Dionysius, I think there is no news, in that Siratorius told me nothing of him. For Publius Lucceius, I grant not, that you should better affect, than myself: for, he is my bosom friend: but urging the Tole-masters, that they should prolong his time; they made me apparently conceive, that they could not do it, by the protestation, and oath, that they had taken. Wherefore I would advise Lucc●ius to come home. Though, if he have followed the advice of my letters, by that time you read these, he should be at Rome. Of other things, especially of money, you not knowing of Pa●sa's death, have written, what you supposed you might have obtained by my means. Wherein you should not have failed, if he had lived; for, he loved you: but being dead, I see no means how to give you contentment. About Venuleius, Latinus, and Hora●ius, in my judgement you have done exceeding well. But yet this likes me not over-well, that you write, you have dismissed the Lictors of your own Legates, to the end that they might have less cause to complain. For your Legates, being men that deserve honour: you should not value them with base fellows. And I am of opinion, that not by any authority of the Senate's decree, but by main violence, you have enforced their departure. This in brief, is an answer, to the two letters I received from you, of one tenor. I have nothing else to deliver unto you, but that your honour shall be as dear unto me, as mine own. Farewell.    

THE THIRTEENTH BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Cicero to Caius Memmius. Epist. 1.  
THough I was not sufficiently assured, whither it would be somewhat troublesome, or pleasing to me to see you in Athens: by reason that the injury you have received, would have molested me; and the wisdom by which you suffer it, have yielded me contentment; yet, I would rather, I could see you, than otherwise. For the molestation I ●eele, is not much abated, when I see you not: and ●hat little content that we could have had, would questionless h●ue been gre●t●r, ●f I h●d seen you. Wherefore I determine to take any course that I may see you, when I may do it conveniently. In the mean while I will handle that, which I may both treat with you of by letters, and as I hope, conclude of. Now, the first thing I request of you, is; that you will do nothing in ●he behalf of my dignity, against your own liking. But, if you think you shall do it willingly; then let me request you to do that, which I am to require of you; especially being such, as highly concerns me, and is to you, no way prejudicial. Patro Epicureus, is wholly mine, and I his: saving that in Philosophy I greatly differ from him. But both in the beginning, when at Rome he observed you, and yours, he honoured me above all others: and lastly, when about his benefits and rewards, he obtained those things which he desired, he prevailed more by my means, then by any other defender, or friend he had: and besides this, he was commended unto me by Phaedrus: who, when I was a child, before I knew Philo, I much esteemed as a Philosopher, and afterwards, notwithstanding [our difference of opinions] as an honest man, very facete, and officious. Now, this Patro having written to me at Rome, that I would procure him your favour: and request you to grant him certain ruins of the house that belonged to Epicurus: I wrote nothing to you thereof; because I was not willing, that your d●signe of building, should be hindered, by my recommendation. The same party, when I came to Athens, entreating me once more to write unto you, about the same matter; obtained his request ●pon this occasion; in that amongst your friends, it was verily thought; that you had given over that determination of building. And if it be so: and that now you make no reckoning of it: my desire is, that, if you by other men's perversity have been a●y ways provoked (for I know the condition of that people) you would pacify your mind, by doing something which may be either answerable to your courteous disposition, or ●ending unto my grace, and honour. I for mine own part (if you will have me tell you my opinion) do not perceive, why either he should be so importunate; or you so unwilling to grant it: except it may be far less allowed in you, ●o regard so contemptible a matter, then in him to crave it. Although I am sure you understand, both with what words Patro excuseth himself, and upon what he grounds. He says, he cannot herein neglect his reputation; the Testament, and authority of Epicurus; the ●arnest entreaties of Phaedrus: and that he is engaged, to maintain that place, where famous men frequented, inhabited, and conversed. If we should reject this his instant importunity, we must needs deride his whole course of life, and the profession he maketh of Philosophy. But because we are neither enemies to him, nor to others of that Sect; I am of opinion, that he is excusable, though he be herein so deeply touched. Wherein, if he offend 'tis rather out of folly, than malice. But not to be overlong, (for I must at length utter it,) I love Pomponius Atticus as a brother. I have not a dearer, nor more acceptabl● friend then himself. This man, not because he is of their Sect (for he is adorned, and complete in all those sciences, that are befitting a Gentleman) but, in that he wishes well to Patro, and loves Phaedrus exceedingly: hath been so wondrous earnest with me herein. And, though he be a man, that is not moved to do these offices, out of ambition; neither useth to be over-burdensome in his requests, yet he never required any thing of me more effectually. And he assures himself, that I may obtain this favour from you, with a beck only; yea, though you had a mind to build there. But when he shall understand, that you have given over your intention of building; and (yet for all this,) that I was not by you herein satisfied; he will not suppose, that you were to me discourteous; but that I in his occasions have been careless. And therefore I entreat you to write to your friends, that you are content, that the same decree of the Senate about the Areopagitas, which they call a certain monument, should be disannulled. But to return to our beginning: before you do this, I would have you resolve in mind to do it willingly. Conceive therefore, that in showing me this favour, you shall do me a very acceptable pleasure. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Memmius. Epist. 2.  
I Have great acquaintance with Caius Auianus evander, who dwells in your Sanctuary; and greater, with Marcus Aemilius his Patron. I request you therefore as earnestly as may be, that if you may grant it without your own discommodity, that you will accommodate him with a place of residence. Because, for the multitude of business, which he hath for many undertaken, he will be much hindered by his sudden remove upon the calends of julie. I am ashamed to use much entreaty: but, I make no doubt, being little or nothing at all prejudicial to you, you will deal with me, as I should do with you, if you demanded at my hands any courtesy. I assure you, it will give me very singular contentment, Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Memmius. Epist. 3.  
AVlus Fusius, beside, that he is one of my most intimate friends, and shows me a great honour, and affection's is further, a very learned and courteous gentleman, and very worthy of your friendship. I desire you would use that humanity towards him, which you promised me, at our last meeting. It shall give me wondrous great satisfaction. For, I shall be infinitely well pleased, and him you shall oblige, eternally, to be ready at your command in all occurrents. Farewell.   

Cicero to Quintus Valerius Orca, son to Quintus, Legat: Vice-Praet●r. Epist. 4.  
THe V●laterrani, are my very kind friends. For I having conferred upon them a benefit o● note, they have returned me an ample gratuity; considering that they never left me, either in prosperity, or in misery. With whom, though I had nothing to do; yet, because I love you entirely, and that I know you have much honoured me, I would put you in mind, and exhort you, to retain them so in your recommendation, that their poss●ssions may not be confiscated: especially having more reason to be heard then o●hers. First, because they shunned the cruelty of Sylla's times, through the benignity of ●he gods immortal. And then, because with the great favour of the people of R●me in my Consulship they they were by me defended. For the Tribunes of the people having enacted a most wicked law ●ou●hing their lands, I easily persuaded the Senate, and people of R●me, ●hat they would have some respect to those Citizens, whom Fortune as it were through compassion, had preserved. And this my opinion, was approved, and confirmed by Caius C●sar, in his first Consulship, when he renewed the law about possessions. Whereupon the County of Volaterra, and the town, was by him perpetually freed from all encumbrance. So as, I may be secure, that he, who was pleased to purchase new friends, would continue his old benefits. And therefore, it befits your prudence, either to follow his authority; whose part, and government you followed, with great reputation; or at least to reseru● unto him, the entire business. But certainly, you shall do well, to make a firm resolution to oblige perpetually unto yourself so worthy, so mighty, and so noble a City, by so great a benefit. But, what I have formerly written was to exhort, and advice you; what follows; to entreat you: To conceive that I do not only council you for your own benefit: but that I have also occasion to entreat, and seek unto you. I therefore give you to understand, that you shall do me, a singular pleasure, if you procure, that the Volaterrani may not in any respect be overborne, or damnified. I commend their whole estates, Fortunes, and affairs; to your fidelity, equity, and bounty: as having, both by the immortal gods, and by renowned-cittizens of our Commonwealth, with the special favour of the Senate, and the Roman people been preseru●d. And, if I, as I was wont, had now, the means to defend the Volaterrani, in that manner as I used to assist my friends: I would omit no office, uneffected ●or their benefit. And brie●ly, I would refuse no contestation in their behalf, and favour. But seeing I am confident, I shall now prevail no less with you, than I have always done with every man; by that inward amity, we hold together, and by that love we mutually bea●e one another, I entreat you in favour, that you will vouchsafe to use towards the Volaterrani, that humanity, and courtesy, as they may judge this dispatch, to have been committed, as it were by divine providence, to a person, whom I, their perpetual defender, was able more to dispose of, then of any other. Farewell.   

Cicero to Quintus Valerius Orca, son to Quintus Legat●: Vice-Praetor. Epist. 5.  
I Am not sorry, that the near friendship I entertain with you, is known to many: nor yet do I forbid you, as you may suppose, that in this office, which by Caesar was imposed upon you; and is weighty, and difficult; ●ou should not carry yourself, as is required, both for your fidelity, and diligence, according to his pleasure. For, though diverse seek unto me, for sundry favours, because they assure themselves of your affection towards me: yet will I not interrupt th● course of your Office. With Caius Cur●ius, from my younger years, I have had special familiarity. He complained unto me of the great damage he most unjustly suffered in the time of Sylla. And thinking, that they who run into these misfortune's, might be permitted by ●uery ones consent, having lost all their substance, a● l●a●t to return into their country; I helped h●m to obt●ine this favour He hath in the territories of Volat●rra, a possession, whither he had conveyed all the relics of his Fortunes, redeemed, as it were from shipwreck. Now, at this time, Caesar hath created him Senator; which dignity, if he lose ●his possession, he can hardly support. It would be strange, that being exalted to an higher degree of honour, he should fall into base Fortunes. And there is no reason, that the same possession, which by Caesar's commis●ion is to be divided, should be taken from him, who by Caesar's benefit is made a Senator. But I will not make the equity of his cause to be my plea. To the end it may not appear, that you have rather contented me in observing of justice, then doing me a kindness. Wherefore ● very earnestly entreat you, to suppose, that the goods of C●ius Curtius are mine own: and what you would do for my sake, if you perform it for Caius Cur●ius, esteem it as done unto myself. But if he obtains any thing by my means, make your account, that you, are the man by whom I have obtained it. An● herein I must seriously solicit your performance. Farewell.   

Cicero to Quintus V●l●rius Orca, son to Quin●us vic●-Con●ull. Epist. 6.  
I hope you are in good health, as I am. I suppose you remember how, in the presence of Cuspius, I talked with you, when I accompanied you in your departure towards your Province. And afterwards about the same matter, I reasoned with you, more at large requesting, that whatsoever friends of h●s I commend unto you, you would esteem them in the number of mine own: ●he which out of your infinite good will, and love you promised me. Cuspius a very officious man to all his friends, with wonderful fervency, favours and loves, certain men of this Province; because he hath been twice in Africa, with charge to dispatch important businesses of the Tax-masters. And, I am wont to assist, as much as my power, and favour will permit me, his courtesy towards them. Wherefore I have thought good, to manifest unto you in this Epistle, the cause, why I recommend unto you, all the Cuspians. In other letters, I will only put that mark, or token, that we have agreed upon; and withal, I will signify unto you, that he is one of the friends of Cuspius. But conceive, that this commendation of mine; by reason whereof I wrote you this present letter, is so full of affection, that no man can devose, to use more fervency therein. For Cuspius in deep passion, hath constrained me most carefully to recommend unto you Lucius julius. Which office though I should perform, after the same manner as I was wont, when any thing was effectually required at my hands; yet I think 'twere impossible to be answerable to the desire o● Cuspius. He would have me take a new course: and imagines that I can herein use, a certain artificial manner. I have promised him, that out of the secretest cabinets of our Art, I will extract an admirable form of recommendation. Which if I do nor perform; endeavour you; that by th'effect, he may he may believe [at least], that I have served his turn with letters full of unusual Art, and motives. This will be done, if you show him all mann●r of courtesy, that either your nobility moves you to, or by your authority is permitted you; not only in action, bu● also in words, & briefly, with your ●●ry countenance. Whi●h things, how much they prevail in a Province, I would you had once put in practice. Nevertheless I hold opinion, that the man I commend unto you, is very worthy of your friendship. And, believe it; not only because Cuspius affirms as much unto me; though this might suffice: but in that I know, he can censure of men, and hath judgement in the election of his friends. In a word I shall be informed of what force these letters were with you; and as I hope, I shall have occasion to thank you. And in the mean while, in any thing wherein I think you would be glad that I should use mine endeavour, I will not fail withal effectual diligence, to employ it. Respect your health.  
PV●lius Cornelius the bearer hereof, was commended unto me by P●blius Cuspi●s, to whom both on● o● love, and obligation, how much I desire to give all satisfaction, by what is written, may be gathered. My especial request is, that from this recommendation, I may out of hand receive the greatest, and most frequent thanks that possible can be given me by Cuspius.   

Cic●ro to Caius Clu●ius. Epist. 7.  
WHen, upon your departure for Gallia, moved by our interchanged affection, and the great respect you bear me; you came home to visit me. I spoke with you about the A●ellani, who pay tribute for that part of their County which lies in Gallia; intimating unto you, how nearly I was touched with their interest's. And after your departure, the matter being such, as it mainly imported a town of that worth, and which I so much esteemed; being confident in your good inclination towards me, I thought myself obliged, to write unto you thereon with all possible diligence. Though I am not ignorant, either of the condition of the times, or of your power. And I understand but too well, that the charge that was given you by Caius Caesar was not to judge, but to execute. Wherefore I request you, to do only so much, as I think you can, and will for my cause willingly. And, first I would have you to conceive it to be true: that all the business of this town or Incorporation is, that there main interest lies in this County which pays tribute: and now, through the burdensome impositions it hath endured, it is ●alne into extreme poverty. Which inconvenience, though it appeareth that many other have equally suffered: nevertheless I assure you, that this town in particular, hath suffered mo●● then other. Which I forbear to re●●●e unto you, lest in complaining of my friends miseries, I may seem to distaste those persons, whom unwillingly I would. Wherefore, were I not confident in my hopes, that I can manifest unto Caesar, how that town undeservedly, was overcharged with such a burden: I would never have solicited you, upon this occasion. But because I am assured, and persuaded, that he will have respect unto the worth of the Town; to the equity; and also to the good affection, the inhabitants thereof bear towards him: I thought good, to request and entreat you, that you will reserve this cause to him to be dispatched. Which though I would not forbear to entreat of you, though I had not heard that you ever granted so much before: yet I entertain more lively hopes of obtaining it, seeing 'twas told me, how the Rhegienses had obtained from you the selfsame favour. Who, though they be linked in friendship with you, yet your love towards me, bids me hope, that what courtesies you have done for your own, you will also perform for mine acquaintance. Especially considering, that, having many friends, which would sue for the like at your hands by my means; I request this kindness only, for these men. And though I assure myself, you understand, that I discharge not this office, without cause; and that no vain ambition hath tickled me on with so great instance, to solicit you; yet would I have you give credit to my sincere speeches, that I am to this town much obliged: it having ever; aswell in time of my prosperities, as disasters, made known their singular affection to me. Wherefore, in respect of the viscerall amity we hold together, and for that great love's sake which you have ever borne me, I do in the greatest earnest I am able entreat you, that you, considering, that the estate of ● wholeTown is here handled; which is near unto me both in friendship office, and affection, will be pleased, to gratify me. And we shall so value your favour, if we obtain from Caesar, as, our expected grace, we shall repute it granted, by your benefit: if otherwise; we shall notwithstanding remain in the same obligation; in that you laboured to procure it us. And besides the singular pleasure, you shall do me thereby: you shall by means of such an important favour, further oblige unto yourself, most bountiful, noble, and most grateful citizens; and such, as shall be worthy of your friendship: of whom you may always make any use, either in your own, or friends occasions. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Rutilius. Epist. 8.  
BEing a sufficient testimony to myself, of the respect that I owe you; and having by experience made trial of the love that you bear me; I ha●e had the boldness to request a favour, as much importing me, as it was necessary for me, to require it of you. What esteem I make of Publius Sextius; there's no man knows better ●hen myself: and how much I ought to esteem him, you, and all men can imagine. Having heard from others, how well you stand affected to me; he requested me, that I would write unto you with all possible efficacy, about the business of Ca●us Albinus the Senator: by whose daughter the same Publiu● Sextius had, that virtuous young man, Lucius. This therefore I have written unto you, to the end you may apprehend, that not only I, am bound to have a care of Publius Sextius; but Sextius of Albinus. Now the business is this, Caius Albinus received in payments, certain Farms of Marcus Laberius, at the prizes they were valued at; which Farms Laberius bought of Caes●r, being part of the estate of Plotius. If I should say, ●hat i● would not be profitable for the Commonwealth, that they should be divided: it might seem that I did not entreat, but instruct you. But it being Caesar's pleasure, that the sales, and assignments made by Sylla should stand good: to the end that his, might be thought more durable: if the same Farms be divided, which Caesar himself hath sold, what security can there be in his sales? But how much this point imports, let your wisdom consider. I request you, and request you after such a manner, that with greater affection, juster cause, and heartier desire I cannot request you; that you would have respect unto Albinus, and not meddle with those Farms, once in possession of Laberius. For it will not be only a joy unto me, but after a sort a glory also; if Publius Sextius, to whom I am so deeply engaged, can by my means give to so near a friend, and kinsman satisfaction. This therefore, I double entreat you to effect: for you cannot do me a greater pleasure; and you shall find it to be unto me most acceptable. Farewell.   

Cicero to Cra●sipes. Epist. 9  
THough with the greatest care I could, and by word of mouth, I commended unto you, the Taxe●●asters of Bythinia; and knew, that both in respect of my commendation, and also of your own freewill you were desirous in all things that lay within the limits of your power, to show them favour. Nevertheless, I was willing to write these unto you: because they, whose interests are treated of; supposed, that if I did also by letters declare unto you, how I stood addicted to them; it would greatly further their occasions. For I would have you to conceive, that having ever willingly made demonstration, that I generally bore no small affection to the Publicans, and customers, as I stood bound to do, by the great deserts of that Order; I am in particular a friend, to that company, which receives the customs of Bythinia. Which company, both for the place they have, and for the quality of the persons therein employed, comprehendeth the greater part of the City, consisting of all the other companies: and in it there are by chance many, with whom I retain great friendship, and che●fly with Publius Rupilius, sonn● to Publius, of the Tribe Aniensis, head of that company. Whose honour, is now especially treated of. For which reasons, I earnestly entreat you, that all the courtesy, and liberality you may a●ford, you would show it to Cneius Pupius; who is employed by the said Company: And so procure, as easily you may, that his companions may remain very well satisfied in his endeavours: and wherein the interests, or benefit of those his associates shall occur, (for I know what you may perform herein, being Quaestor) vouchsafe to assist, and defend them. which doing, besides the effecting a matter, that will give me singular contentment, I promise you, and because I have heretofore made experience, I dare assure you, that you shall perceive, that you have been beneficial, to men that are both mindful, and thankful. Farewell.   

Cicero to Brutus. Epist. 10.  
I Supposed that Mar●us Vaerro your Quaestor, coming to you, should not stand in need of any recommendation: believing that he had been sufficiently commended, out of the very custom of our predecessors: Who, as you know, esteemed of the Quaestors, as of their own children. But he being persuaded, that a letter of mine, written effectually in his behalf, might greatly prevail with you; I thought good to do that, which a friend supposed, might be a furtherance unto him. But to the end you may conceive, that I am bound to do it, I think good to tell you, that Marcus T●rentius Varro, when he first began to plead, entered into friendship with me; afterwards when he grew to riper years, two respects occurred, of increasing my love towards him: one was, because he followed those studies, wherewith we are at this day much delighted; & he followed it, as you know with understanding and diligence. And withal, because he entered betimes into the society of the Tole-masters; which notwithstanding I liked not: in that he suffered great losses. Nevertheless, he being one of that order, whom I ever received to special protection, our amity grew more confirmed. Besides this, he having been an advocate, and judge, with apparent fidelity, and good esteem, before this mutation of the Commonwealth, he applied himself to demand a Quaestorship, supposing that this honourable degree, would be a recompense of his travails. And not long since, I sent him from Brundisium to Caesar, with letters of tru●t: wherein I evidently perceived, how much he loved me, in taking willingly this charge upon him, and how faithful a friend he was, in bringing the matter to effect. I was determined, having laid open the occasion of my love towards him, to inform you particularly, of his honesty, & good conditions: but having declared the reason thereof, I think I have sufficiently intimated his uprightness. Nevertheless, I will not forbear to promise, and secure you, that you will be much satisfied in his friendship, for the benefit which will accrue unto you thereby. For you shall discern him to be a man, both prudent, and far from all avarice, or ambition: and beside, of singular endeavour, and industry. Neither should I intimate unto you these things, which you will observe, when you have ●ad experience of them. Notwithstanding, in all beginnings of friendship it greatly imports; what the foundation is, & with what good fame, we enter into an amity. To which effect, I meant to write these present letters; though it was needless; the obligation of Quaestorship● being a sufficient induction; the which nevertheless, may the more move you, annexing thereunto my letters. Wherefore if you make that esteem of me, which Varro beleeue●, and I am verily perswaded● procure that I may understand, that he received from this my commendation, that furtherance which he hoped, and I doubted not. Farewell.   

Cicero to Brutus. Ep. 11.  
IN that I always knew you very desirous to be ignorant of nothing that concerned me: I make no doubt, but you conceive not only, of what town I am, but also how zealously I was wont, to assist the Arpinates, my countrymen: who are not able, by any other revenues, than those that they have in Gallia, to maintain the charge, which they are at, about the worship of the gods, and reparation of Churches, and public places. Now, to view the said revenues, to recover the money owing by the countrie-people, and to rece●ue full information of the matter, and to follow it; we have sent as Commissioners, Quintus Fu●idius, son ●o Quintus, Marcus F●ucius, son to Marcus, and Quintus Mamur●us, son to Quintus, all Roman knights. I earnestly entreat you, for our inward amity's sake, that you will be mindful of that business: and procure effectually, that the c●use of the said Town may be heard without any impediment, and withal expedition be dispatched: and that towards the forementioned knights, you would use all those ceremonies of honour and courtesy, which your gentle disposition shall incline you to. You shall herein purchase the friendship of honest men, and oblige a very grateful Town unto your ●elfe, by means of such a benefit. And to me also you shall hereby do a greater pleasure; for besides that I ●m always accustomed to help my countrymen; there is now somewhat mo●e to be considered; for this year, it especially appertains to my care, and office; in that I being desirous to reduce that Town into better form, I have been the cause that my son, my nephew, and Marcus Caesius, my great fri●nd, should be made Aediles; (for in our Town, this only Magistracy is created, and no more:) These, you shall honour, and especially myself; if by your favour, and vigilancy, ●he Commonalty of this Town, shall end their business without difficulty; which I request you to effect, as earnestly as I can possibly. Farewell.   

Cicero to Brutus. Ep. 12.  
IN another Epistle I did generally commend unto you the Commissioners of Arpinas, and with the greatest care I could. In this, I more particularly recommend unto you, Quintus Fusidius, my especial friend, not any ways to diminish the former, but to add this recommendation. For he is son in law to my singular good friend Marcus Cae●ius: and heretofore in Cilicia he was with me Tribune of the soldiers. In which place he so bare himself, as I thought I had rather received, then bestowed a benefit. Besides this, he is delighted with our studies, which you were wont to esteem highly. Wherefore I would entreat you, to entertain him with all courtesy, and to use all means, that this Embassy, which, being enjoyed by ●●ine authority, he hath with his own inconveniency undertaken, may add glory to his industry. For he desires, as ●uery virtuous man naturally doth, to reap great commendation, as well from us, who persuaded him thereunto, as also from our countrymen. Which he shall compass, if he obtain your favour by my recommendation. Farewell.   

Cicero to Brutus. Ep. 13.  
LVcius Castronius Patus, the chiefest, without comparison, in the town of Luca, is noble, wise, full of courtesy, a man of great bounty, and graced both by virtue, and also fortune; if this be any thing to the present purpose. And beside, he is so far my most familiar friend, that he more respectively observes no man of our order. Wherefore I commend him unto you, both as my friend, and one that's worthy of your acquaintance. Whatsoever you do for him, will assuredly be returned by your own content, and mine acceptance. Farewell.   

Cicero to Brutus. Ep. 14.  
LV●ius Titius Strabo, a Roman Knight, of an honourable family, and of great, and rich estate, is my bosom friend: and all intrinsical right● run equally between us. This man should have certain moneys out of your Province, from Publius Cornelius: The matter is remitted into Gallia, by Volcatius, a judge of Rome. And because it is more honest to be careful of a friends moneys, then of our own; I more seriously, then if it were an interest of mine, request you, that about the procuring an end of the action, you would interpose yourself for expedition. And to endeavour so far a● you think it, just and reasonable, that Strabo's Freeman, who is sent for this effect, may without any encumbrance, finish the business, and recover the moneys. And it shall both give me great conten●ment, and you your sel●e shall acknowledge Lucius Titius to be most worthy of your friendship. And I heartily entreat you to employ that care herein, which you were wont to take in every thing wherein you found, that I delighted. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Caesar Imperator. Ep. 15.  
I Solidly commend unto you, Praecilius; whose Father is your friend, my familiar; and a man of great integrity: For besides, that I bear an infinite love to this young man, being civil and modest, and because he loves me entirely: I have manifestly found his father, in all my occasions to have been much affected to me. This is he, who amongst others was especially wont to laugh at my proceedings, and reprehend me; in that I did not join with you; and the rather, because you invited me thereunto, with honourable conditions; 
But his inducement● dr●e not my consent.   
Because on the other part, I heard those our great defenders of the Commonwealth, cry out; 
Be valorous, that after world's may raise,  
Some brain, to blazon thy deserts, & praise.  
Thus, was I puckled in a foggy mist.   
And yet he continued his exhortations. But they, though I were already thoroughly hot; seeking by glory to inflame me● said; 
Die not unuseful, and without renown,  
But die, that memory thy acts may crown.  But now, you may perceive they move me but a little. And therefore leaving the lofty style of Homer, I betake me to the true precepts of Euripides; 
I hate his council that's for others wi●e,  
And in his own occasions wants his eyes.   
Which verses, Praecilius the elder, commends exceedingly; affirming, that we may live warily; and yet retain our precedency, and principality. But to return, where we began, you shall show me a memorable favour, if out of your singular courtesy, you entertain this young man; and to the good inclination, which I am persuaded you have, to pleasure him, and his Father; make upon this my recommendation, some new addition. I have used a new style of writing, to give you to understand, that I send no vulgar commendation. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Caesar, Imperator. Ep. 16.  
AMongst all the mobility, I loved no young man so well as Publius Crassus; and having conceived great hope of him in his tender years, I began to hope better, seeing my judgement of him, to be verified. Now, you shall understand, that even when he lived I much esteemed, and made great account of Apollonius his Freeman: because he was affected to Crassus; and Crassus in his virtuous studies made so good use of him, that he loved him dear. Then after the death of Crassus, I thought him also for this cause more worthy of my love, and to be received into my protection; in that he held himself bound, to observe, and honour those, that Crassus loved, and loved Crassus. Whereupon he came to me in C●licia, and served me in many occurrents, both faithfully, and prudently. And as I think, in the war of Alexandria, he never failed you, in whatsoever he was able to compass, either by his fidelity, or industry. And hoping that you also had the same opinion of him, he came into Spain; first questionless, upon his own deliberation, but next for your assistance. Neither did I otherwise promise to recommend him unto you: not but that I supposed my commendation would be of some effect with you; but in that I thought he needed not be to you commended, having been with you in the war; and you for the memorial of Crassus, reputing him in the number of your own. And, if he would have sought recommendation, he saw that other men also, would have done him this pleasure. For the judgement I made of him, I have willingly passed my word; both because he esteemed much thereof, and in that I knew my testimony would be of some credit with you. I say therefore, that I have found him a learned man; and studious of all excellent sciences; and that even from his tender years. For, when he was but a child, he remained a good while in my house, with Diodo●●s, the Stoic, a person in my judgement very learned. Now, set on fire, with the affection which he bears to your worthy acts, he desires to write them in Greek, and I think he can perform it. He hath wit, and experience in human actions, he hath been long time exercised in these manner of studies, and learning: and he desires to give life, and perpetuity to your praises. This is the testimony of my opinion. But you that are most wise, may give a sounder judgement hereof. And, though I said, I would not, yet I recommend him: and whatsoever favour you show him, it shall unto myself be above measure acceptable. Farewell.   

Cicero to S●ruius Sulpitius. Epist. 17.  
I Love Manius Curius, who negotiates at Patrae, upon many and worthy occasions. For I have both had ancient friendship with him; entertained at his first calling to the bar: and being sometime to go to Patrae, as well before that miserable war, as in the time thereof, he freely always offered me his house. Which, if I had been any ways urged thereunto, I would have used as mine own. And there is further, a more religious tye, as it were, betwixt us, in that he is most familiar with our Atticus, and loves, and honours him above all others. If peradventure you have known him heretofore; I think the office I do him will come too late: for he is so noble, and worthy, that I judge he hath already been commended unto you by his own demeanour. Which though it be so, yet I earnestly solicit you, that if before the receipt of these, you had any inclination to do him good● now, in respect of this my further recommendation, you will heap upon him your most en●ire affection. But, b●ing of a very modest nature, if he came not to do● you reverence, or, if yet you h●ue no great knowledge o● him, or that for some occasion he hath need of further recommendation; I commend him after su●h a manner, as I am not able with greater affection, or upon more just respects, to commend any living man unto you. And I will do that, which they ought to perform, who religiously, & without ostentation recommend. I will promise, nay, I do promise you, and upon my reputation, secure you, that the customs of Manius Curius are such, his bounty, and gentility of that quality, as when you know him, you will acknowledge him worthy of your friendship, and this my earnest commendation. Questionless, you shall do me a singular favour, if I understand, that these letters took such effect with you, as to myself in writing them I promised. Farewell.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 18.  
I saw our friend Attical, become proud with joy, upon the receipt of courteous, and delightful letters, which you wrote unto him. Which notwithstanding, I will not yield, to have been more acceptable to him, then to myself. For though they were equally welcome to us both; yet I wondered, that you wrote and made such unexpected offers to him, as, if he had entreated and sought unto you, you could not more courteously have answered him: (which notwithstanding we are assured in such a case you would not have omitted.) About which, I ought not only, not to entreat you, that you would perform it also more carefully for my respect; (for more cannot ●ee done then of yourself you have promised) but not so much as to give you thanks; because you have done it for his own sake, and out of your own free disposition. I must confess notwithstanding, that what you have done hath given me singular satisfaction; in that I cannot but take full contentment, that you should have such an opinion of him, whom I so highly estimate. And being so, it cannot but be acceptable of necessity. But for all this; seeing by our domestical amity it is permitted me, that I may also commit a sin in writing; both those offices, which I have hitherto denied, shall be now performed. I desire therefore, that to the s●me demonstration of courtesy whic● you made for the sake of A●ticus, you will add as much more, as by our love towards him may be procured. And whereas before I durst not be so bold as to give you thanks, now I render them heartily: and desire that you would assure yourself, that, for what courtesy soever in the businesses of Epir●●, or in any other respect, you oblige Attic●●● for the same, in like manner will I esteem myself to be obliged. Farewell.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 19  
LYso at Patrae, and I here, have long time lodged one another: which domestical friendship, in my opinion, aught to be respected, as a sacred mat●er. But, though I be tied with many others, in this bond of hospitality: ●here is none, that hath in me so familiar an interest. Which, for many pleasures he hath done me, and by continual conversation, is so augmented, that there is nothing more intrinsical, than our familiarity. This man, remaining about a year in Rome, and leading his life so, as he lived with me; though we were in great hope, that by my letters written in recommendation of his goods and substance; you would (himself not being there) take them, as you did, to your protection: yet all things remaining in one man's power, and Lyso taking part with us, and arming himself in our assistance, we daily feared his occasions. Nevertheless, in that he is a man of quality, & because I favoured him, together with some other of his friends, we obtained of Caesar what he desired, which you shall have notice of by Caesar's letters. Now, though we had our purpose, yet we do not only not forbear, to commend him to you● as if we had obtained all that was requisite: but further, with great efficacy we importune you, to take Lyso into your love, and protection. This man's doubtful fortunes we did the more respectively commend unto you, fearing lest some such accident might fall ou●, that neither you could have prevented. But now, that we are secure of his safety; with special care I entreat you, to do him all the favours you are able. Amongst which, not to recount them, on● by one; I recommend unto you in general, his whole Family. And, because Caius Me●mius G●mellus, my Client, being made a Citizen of Patrae, did, in the calamity of his banishment, adopt the son of Lyso, according to the Laws of Patrae; I request you, to undertake the protection of this young man also; and to defend his cause, and the right of his inheritance. The maine is this, that you affect Lyso: whom I have found to be an honest man, and very thankful for good turns received. In doing this; I am assured, that in loving, and recommending him hereafter to any other, yourself will be of my judgement, and disposition. I now use this fervency in his recommendation, not only because I desire beyond measure, that the matter may be effected; but because I doubt, that if you do not entirely favour him therein, he may suppose, I ha●e writ●en but coldly in his behalf; and not that you are unmindful of me: because, by my continual discourse, and also by you● letters, he knows sufficiently, what reckoning you make of me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 20.  
I Have great acquaintance with Asclapo of Patrae, a Physician, and I have taken great delight, both in his conversation, and his Art; whereof I have made trial in my friends infirmities. Wherein, both for his knowledge, fidelity, and good will, I have been satisfied. This man therefore, I commend by these unto you; entreating you so to handle the matter, that he may perceive, that I commended him with diligence; and that my commendation hath been his furtherance. Herein you shall do me an especial favour. Farewell.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 21.  
MArcus Aemilius A●ianus hath ever honoured and loved me, even from his youth: and he is an honest and very kind man, and every way wondrous officious. If I thought he were at Sicyon, and not at this present (where I le●t him; and, as I hear, he is remaining) at Cibyra. I should not need to write unto you further of him: being assured, that he by his civil customs, and kind behaviour, without any recommendation, would cause himself to be no less of you, than he is of me, and the rest of his friends, beloved. But, because I think he is absent, I most effectually commend his house unto you, which is in Sicyon: and his movables: and above all, his Freeman, Caius Auianus Ammonius: whom, for his own sake, I commend unto you, as one that I make good esteem of, not only because he is a loving and faithful servant towards his master, but by reason, that in my most intricate troubles, I had both loyal and friendly services from him, as if I, of a slave, had made him a Freeman. And therefore I require at your hands, as a special favour, that both in his Master's matters, you would a●sist the said Ammonius, as his Agent; and that you will love him for his own deserts, and repute him as one of yours. You ●hall find him modest, officious, and worthy of your favour. Farewell.   

Cicero to Serui●● Sulpitius. Epist. 22.  
I Make great account of Titus Manliu●, who negotiates at Thespiae: For, he ever respected, and honoured me, and he delights in the same studies, whereunto we stand affected. To which may be added, that Varro Murena affects him greatly, and desires to do him any pleasure: though he reposed great hopes in those letters, wherein Murena had recommended him unto you: yet he verily believes, that my recommendation will do him greater pleasure. I was therefore enforced, partly through the familiarity of Manlius; and then, out of Murena's affection, to write unto you, as effectually as I could. And, if in regard of this my recommendation, you shall be moved, to show him the greatest favour and courtesy, that you ever vouchsafed: that is, if you assist, and give satisfaction to Titus Manlius, with all care, wherein, without prejudice to your own honour, you may both favour, and further him; I shall think I have received from you a singular courtesy and beside, I assure you, that from his most pleasing and affable demeanour you shall receive that content, which you use to expect from good men, and officious. Farewell.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 23.  
LVcius Cossinius is my friend, and of the same Tribe that I am: there passeth great familiarity betwixt us. For, our conversation is not only ancient, but through At●icus grown greater. So that the whole family of Cossinius loves me; and especially Lucius C●ssinius Anchialus, his Freeman, who is of great esteem, both with his Mast●●, & his master's friends, of which number I am one. I commend him unto you, so, as if he were mine own Freeman, and in the same esteem with me, as he is with his Master, I could not with greater efficacy recommend him● you shall therefore do me a wonderful pleasure, if you accept of him into your amity, and favour, Wherein soever you are able, without your own inconvenience. Herein I shall remain much satisfied, and yourself contented. For you will find him to be very honest, courteous, and observant. Farewell.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 24.  
TAking contentment in my courtesy, when I remembered, how zealously I had commended Lyso, my guest and familiar friend, unto you. I was afterwards much better satisfied, that I had so effectually commended him: understanding by his letters, that you had found those relations false, which had been given of him. For he wrote unto me, that my recommendation stood him in great stead; in that it had been told you, that he used in Rome, to speak liberally to your dishonour: wherein, though he write unto me, that through your nobility, and courtesy, he hath justified himself unto you. Nevertheless, as ●ought, I first give you exceeding great thanks, that my letters prevailed so far with you, as after the reading of them, you let fall all distaste received, from the false reports, which you had heard of Lyso. And then, I would have you give credit to my unfeigned words, (for I write not this more for Lyso, then for every man;) That I never heard any man make mention of you, without your singular commendation. And Lyso being almost every day with me; he continually praised your words and actions, not only because he thought I willingly gave care thereunto; but in that, with desire, himself entered into speech thereof. Wherefore, though now you so entertain him, that from henceforth he needs not my recommendation, and believes, that my firs● letters suffice, to obtain that of you, which he desireth: yet, I entreat you, as earnestly as I am able, that you will embrace him, with all lo●e, and courtesy. I would write unto you of his qualities, as I did in my former letters, but that I am assured at this time, he is of himself sufficiently known unto you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 25.  
HAgesaretus Larissaeus, receiving great favours ●rom me in my Consulship, hath been mindful, and thankful, and ever since, hath wi●h all respect honoured me. I really recommend him unto you, as one th●t hath given me entertainment, that is, my familiar friend; and a thankful honest man; the che●fest of his town, and most worthy of your acquaintance. You shall do me a special favour, if you give him cause to conceive, that this my recommendation hath been powerful with you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 26.  
LVcius Messinius is thus intrinsecall with me, because he was my Quaestor: But this intrinsecalitie, which I out of the custom of our Predecessors, mu●h respected; he, by his own virtue, and nobility, hath increased. And therefore there is no man, with whom I converse more willingly, nor with greater familiarity. This man, though he seems confident, that in regard of himself, you would readily do him any reasonable pleasure, within your power; is, notwithstanding hopeful, that my letters may be of great authority with you. And beside, that of himself he conceived thus much; he had, by our daily conversation also, often understood by me, what pleasing and especial amity, there was betwixt us. I e●treat you therefore, with as great affection, as you see I am bound to entreat, for so inward and familiar a friend; that you would declare the suits he hath in Achaia, as heir to Marcus Mindius, his brother, who did negotiate in Elis; & not only dispatch them in equity, by the po●er you have; but also by your council, & authority. For, we have given expr●●se commission to our Agents in those parts, that in all cases of difficulty, they should retain you for th●ir ●udge, and make use of your endeavour, ●o it were not with your discommodititie: which charge vouchsafe, I beseech you, to undergo, on the behalf of mine honour. Besides this, if you thi●ke it no prejudice to your reputation, you shall do m●e a ●ingular pleasure, if they be so litigious, that they will not take up the matter without suit, to refer them to Rome, considering they have to do with a Senator. Which, that you may perform with l●s●e doubt, we have so wrought, that Marcus L●pidus, the Consul, hath written to you thereof, not comm●nding, (for we thought that might be some disparagement to your reputation) but after a manner, requesting therein your favour. I wo●ld write, how happily the benefit you confer upon Messinius would be bestowed; but first, I am confident, that you consider it. Then, I would have you think, you do it ●or myself. For, I promise, and as●u●e you, that his ●akes no l●sse impression in my heart, then if it were mine own business. But, besides my desire, that he may without any trouble enjoy that, which in right belongs unto him. I would be also glad, he might understand, that no small matter hath accrued unto him by my recommendation. Farewell.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpitius. Epist. 27.  
THough I have occasion to write many times unto you, after one for me, in that I am to give you thanks, because you so carefully observe my recommendations: which office I have both heretofore performed, and so far as I perceive, shall do it often. Yet will. I not be sparing of my pains, but as you use in your actions of Law, so will I do in my Epistles, writing to you of the same matter in a diverse manner. I say therefore, that Caius Auianus Ammonius hath given me infinite thanks by letters, both in his own name, and in the behalf of Marcus Aemilius Auianus, his Master; giving me to understand, the honourable entertainment afforded unto himself; and the unspeakable courtesy he received, in regard of his absent Master; which love and courtesy of yours, as it hath been dear unto me in their occasions, whom I, moved by our inward amity, and near union, had recommended unto you; in that Marcus Aemilius is one of the most domestical, and intimate friends I have; and a person, both obliged to me for my great benefits; and after a sort, above all others, that appear to have be●ne bound unto me, most thankful: so was it much more dear unto me, to perceive you carried so good a mind towards me, that you pleasure my friends, peradventure more than I should do; if I were there present. And I believe it, because I should be more sparing in their occasions, than you are in affording me favour. But I make no doubt, but you conceive, that I take it in great good part. I pray you, repute them also to be thankful men. Which I promise, and affirm unto you. Wherefore, I would have you procure, if you may without any in conveniency, that they may accommodate all their businesses, while you hold the government of Ach●ia. I lead a pleasant life with your Servius, for we are ever in conversation: And he yields me great delight, partly by his wit, and singular endeavour, and partly by his virtue, and honest disposition. Farewell.   

Cicero to Servius Sulpus. Epist. 28.  
THough I willingly seek unto you in the occurrents of my friends, yet I am more willingly thankful, when you have done any thing, as you do always upon my recommendation. For you would not believe, how many thanks they return me, whom I commended unto you; yea, even they in whose recommendation I wrote but coldly. All which things are acceptable to me; but the courtesy you showed to Lucius M●ssinius, is most acceptable. For he told me, that you had no sooner read my letters, but you presently offered all your assistance to his agents, and that afterwards in effects, you did far more than in words you had promised. I would have you therefore to think, (for I can never be satisfied in uttering it) that you have done me her●in a singular pleasure. Wherein I rejoice the more, observing that f●om the same Messinius, great contentment will accrue unto you. For besides his being valiant, ●ull of courtesy, and bounty, and ready to honour any man: he is also studious in that learning with which being heretofore delighted, our life also is now nourished. In a word, I would have you augment your benefits, in all his occurrents, when you may perform it with your honour: but in two things I namely entreat you. First, if in making an acquittance to the party, any security be required, that you will use the means, security may be given him in my name. Then, considering the whole inheritance in a manner consists in those goods, which Oppia, sometimes Mindius wife hath purloined; that you procure and find a mean, that this woman may be brought to Rome. Which when she perceives shall come to pass, I am of opinion we shall end the business: let me therefore request you to give us this contentment. What I have heretofore written I confirm unto you, and upon my credit assure you, that the pleasures which ●ither you have, or shall confer upon M●ssinius, shall be so well bestowed, that yourself will judge, that you have showed favour, to a very grateful person, and ingenuous. For to that which you have performed for my sake, I would also have this addition. Again, I do not think that the Lacedaemonij any ways doubt, but that you will so receive them under your protection, as befitteth your faith, and equity; and as their predecessors dignity deserveth. And I, as he that knows you well, never doubted, but that you are fully informed of the rights, & deserts of each people. Whereupon when Philippus, the Lacedaemonian requested me, that I would recommend unto you the city: though I called to mind, that I was bound unto that City; yet I answered him, that the Lacedaemonij, with you, needed no recommendation. So that I would have you build upon this; that I, considering the present troubles, repute all the Cities of Achaia happy, that you govern them. And likewise I suppose, that you having not only read over our Records, but those also of the Grecians, out of your voluntary accord, you neither can, nor will be other than a friend to the Lacedæmonians. Wherefore I only request you, that when you show the Lacedæmonians those favours, which stand with your credit, dignity, and equity; if you think good, cause them to understand, that you are desirous to hear, that the pleasures which you do them, may by me also be approved. For it concerns me, that they should believe, that I have a care of their Interests. This, I request you, with the greatest zeal that I am able. Farewell.   

Cicero to Lucius Plancus. Epist. 29.  
I Make no question but you conceive, how, amongst all those friends your Father left you, I am nearest unto you; not only for those reasons, which carry a great appearance of alliance; but also for those, that consist in familiarity, and conversation. The which you know, between your father and me were the greatest, and most delightsome in the world. From these beginnings spring the love which I bear you. Which love made our amity greater, then that we held with your Father. And so much the more, because I perceived, that so soon as you attained to the years, to be able to judge, in what proportion every one deserved to be esteemed of you; that you began to honour, observe, and love me above all others. Besides all this, we were knit together with a far firmer knot; as by the knot of studies: which of itself greatly imports; especially being of those studies, and those virtues, which of themselves procure, that the parties which are of one mind, are also conjoined in familiarity. I suppose you expect, what this far-fetched discourse will tend unto. First therefore, you shall understand, that I have not ripped up this commemoration, without great and worthy respects. I frequent most familiarly with Ca●us Atteius Capito. You know both the prosperous, and contrary events of my affairs. Both in the one, and th'other, I have made proof o● Capito'● good will, and affection. And I did not only m●ke use, of his endeavour, authority, and favour, but also of his goods, according as the necessity of my good, or bad Fortunes required. Titus Antis●ius was a kinsman, to this man; Who by accident being Quaestor of Maced●nia; and having no successor therein; Pompe●us went thither with his Army. An●istius could not do as he would. For if he might: his greatest contentment had been, to have returned to Capito, whom he loved as a Father: especially conceiving what an esteem, he ●uer had, and did make of Caesar. But being under another's power, and in that he could do no less; he took upon him some command. When the moneys were coined in Apo●●●nia, I cannot say that he had the over-seeing thereof, nor deny that he was present; But certainly, not above two or three months. From that time forward, he never was in the Camp: he shunned all command. Believe th●s from me, as a most true testimony. For he observed my discontentment in that war: he imparted all his secrets to me. Whereupon he retired to hide himself in Macedonia, flying from the Camp as far as he could: and not only from taking upon him any charge, but from being so much as present From thence, after the battle fought, he went into Bythinia, to A●lus Plancius his very good friend. There Caes●r seeing him, he gave him not one bitter, nor sharp word● he enjoined him to come to Rome. A few dries after he fell sick, and recovered not that sickness; He c●me sick to Corcyra, and there died. Of his goods, by force of a will that he made in Rome, when Paulus and Marcellus were Consuls, Capito, of twelve parts, is to enjoy ten: the other two parts fall to them, whose portion, without any just compla●n● of any man, falls to the Public: and amounts to the value of nine hundred Crowns. My Plancus, for the inward am●tie, that passed sometimes betwixt me and your Father; and for the love we bear one another; For our study's sake, and conformable manner of life we have always observed; I request and entreat you, as effectually, and perswasively as I am able, that you will repute it as mine own su●e, and employ therein your whole power: and so procure, that Capito by this recommendation, and by means of your favour, and Caesar's benefit, may obtain his kinsman's inheritance. All the favours, which in this high renown, and esteem you are in with Caesar, I could have had granted from you upon request: I will think conferred upon me, out of your own voluntary free will, if you do but grant me this petition. And because you may the more readily incline, to comfort him herein, behold one reason well known to Caesar himself; that Capito ever bore wonderful love, and great respect to Caesar. But Caesar himself can testify thus much. I know he hath a very good memory, and therefore I'll mention it no further. I require nothing else, but that you will move Caesar in the cause of Capito, with equal zeal, to the memorial you shall perceive, that he retaineth of Capito. I'll deliver unto you, what experience I have made of him: of what validity it is, yourself shall judge. You understand what part I took, & what cause was by me defended. You are privy, what men, and what society of men I followed. Of thus much be assured: that if in this war, I performed any thing against Caesar's mind, I was advised, exhorted, and even driven unto it by others: and I am not ignorant, how Caesar himself knows, that I was violently ha●●d thereunto: but if in the same war, I bore myself more temperately, and moderately then any other; Capito was the man that counselled and persuaded me so to do: like to whom, if my other friends had been, peradventure it might have been profitable to the Commonwealth, and myself (I know) I should have infinitely benefitted. Now, my Plan●us, if you satisfy me in this my desire, I shall be confirmed in my hopes, that I am of you beloved: and you shall gain the same Capito, a most thankful, officious, and very honest friend, in requital of a favour so important. Farewell.   

Cicero to Acilius vice-consul. Ep. 30.  
LVcius Manlius Sosis was sometimes of Catina, but he is now become a Roman Citizen, together with th'other Neapolitans, and was created Decurio of Naples. For before it was granted to the confederates of the people of Rome, to be free denizens, and to those of Latium; he was chosen citizen of the Town of Naples. His brother not long since died in Catin●. We do not think, he will any ways be crossed, about the inheritances descended to him; for he is now in possession of them: but in that besides these goods, he hath other old negotiations in Sicilia, I recommend unto you both this inheritance, left him by his brother, and all other his affairs: but above all, I commend himself unto you, as a man of great integrity, my very familiar friend, and one that is adorned with those studies of doctrine, and that learning, wherein I especially am delighted. I request you therefore, that whether he be there, or not, you would call to mind, that he is one of my most intimate, and dearest friends: and entreat you to carry your s●lf●●●● towards him, that he may perceive, that my recommendation did afford him great assistance. Farewell.   

Cicero to Acilius vice-consul. Epist. 31.  
I Frequent Caius Flavius, a Roman Knight, of noble descent, and honourable estate, very domestically: In that he was a viscerall friend of Caius Piso, my son in law: and in that not only he, but also Fla●ius his brother, observes me wi●h all respect. I would have you therefore, to honour me, show him all those favours, and courtesies, which you m●y honestly perform, a●d without impeachment to your dignity. I will take it for so great kindness, as you cannot do me a greater. And moreover, I assure you, (not out of vain glory; but because out of ou● familiarity, friendship, and truth it sel●e, I may affirm it.) You shall find Caius Flavius so officious, and respective, and withal so bountiful: and so esteemed of all his friends, as you will remain much satisfied in having pleasured him. Farewell.   

Cicero to Acilius vice-consul. Epist. 32.  
IN Alesa, a pleasant, and noble city, dwell Marcus, Clodius, Archagathus; and Caius Clodius Philo, who in respect of the domestical entertainments, and familiarity that pass betwixt, us are my singular good friends. But because I commend many men unto you with equal importunity, I fear lest it may seem, that out of a certain ambition, I am led to prefer all my recommendations after one manner. Though in truth, you satisfy to the full, both me, and all those whom I recommend unto you. But you must understand, that this family; especially these; are conjoined to me, as well by the ancient acquaintance we have had together; as also through the mutual offices we have interchanged; and briefly in respect of the love we bear one another. And therefore I request you as effectually as I can, that you will afford all those furtherances to the above-mentioned, which may stand with your credit, and dignity. And in so doing, I shall receive inestimable contentment. Farewell.   

Ci●ero to Acilius vice-consul. Epist. 33.  
CNeius Otacilius Naso is my very domestical friend, and so near, that I have not with any man of his rank, more private conversation. For daily keeping him company, I take wonderful pleasure, and contentment, in his nobility, and honest disposition. It imports not that you should regard, in what words I recommend him to you, he being so familiar with me as I have written. He hath certain businesses in your Province; where Hilarius, Antigonus, and Demostratus, his Freemen, solicit them. These, together with th'affairs of Naso, I no otherwise recommend unto you, then if they were mine own. I shall repute i● for a singular pleasure, to hear, that this my commendation prevailed with you more than ordinary. Farewell.   

Cicero to Acilius vice-consul. Epist. 34.  
MY deceased progenitors, and those of Lyso Lilybaetanus, son to Lyso, made a friendship in respect of the hospitality which passed betwixt them, which we hau● successively preserved. And beside, he greatly observes me: and I have found him a man worthy of such a father, and grandfather; for he is of a most noble Family. And therefore with the greatest zeal I am able, I recommend unto you his house, and substance. And I require it at your hands as a special favour, that you will cause him to perceive, that my recommendation of him to you, turned unto his great honour, and benefit. Farewell.   

Cicero to Acilius vice-C●nsull. Epist. 35.  
CAius A●i●nus Philoxenus, is anciently wo●t to entertain me; and besides, he is my very familiar friend. Caesar at my request made him a citizen amongst the Novocomenses. Besides he hath taken upon him the name of Auianus, because he was more than any man domestical friend of Flaccus Auianus. This ●laccus, I think, you know to be my very loving acquaintance. All which things I r●p up, to inform you, that this my recommendation is not vulgar. I therefore request you to assist him, whereinsoever you may without your own prejudice: and repute him in the number of your friends: and make him by any means to understand, that my present letters, gave him great ●u●th●rance. And I shall take it for a special favour. Farewell.   

Cicero to Acilius vice-consul. Epist. 36.  
Demetrius' Mega and I, have of long time, used to lodge one another; and there is betwixt us so great acquaintance, as there is never a Sicilian more familiar with me. Dolabella by my entreaty, obtained from Caesar, that he was made free-denizen: Whereat I was present. And therefore he is now called Publius Cornelius. And Caesar having ordained, that the Table, wherein, the names of new created citizens were engraven, should be canceled, and taken away, by reason of the abominable avarice of such, as sold his favours in this respect granted, for money, he said in my presence to Dolabella, that he should take no care for Mega; ●or he would have the favour, which he intended to him take effect. This I thought good to tell you, to the end you might esteem him in the number of the Roman● citizens'. And in any occasions, I commend him after such a manner, that I never with greater affection, recommended any man unto you. If you ●o entreat him, that he may discern, that he was much graced by my commendation, you shall do me an acceptable kindness. Farewell.   

Cicero to Acilius vice-consul. Epist. 37.  
WIth the greatest desire possible, I commend unto you, Hippia Calatinus son to Philoxenus, my host, and very good friend. His goods, as I hear say, against the privileges of the Calati●j, are possessed by the public, for certain monies, which he owes to others. And if it be so: without my recommendation, the business itself, may invite your equity to assist him. But howsoever; I ●equest so much favour at your hands, as to dispatch him, and to procure him all conveniency in these, or any other his occasions, so far forth as may stand with your credit, and dignity. This will highly content me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Acilius vice-consul. Epist. 38.  
LVcius Brutus a Roman Cavalier, and a complete young man, is my g●e●t friend; and much respects me. Besides, I have had special amity with his father, ever since my Quaestorship in Sicilia. It is true that this Brutus, is now in Rome with me. But for all ●his, I commend unto you his family, goods and solicitors, with as much efficacy, as I am able. You shall favour me highly, if by the effects you manifest unto Brut●s, that my recommendation, was as beneficial unto him, as I had promised him. Farewell.   

Cicero to Acilius vice-consul. Epist. 39  
WIth the Titurnian Family, I have had ancient, and inward friendship; of which there remains only, Marcu● Titurnius Rufus, whom I am bound to take care of, and; to use all endeavour, and discharge all offices I am able, for his benefit. It lies in you, to let him understand, tha● I am of power to ●ssist him. And therefore I specially recommend him unto you, and request you to work so, that he may perceive that he was greatly furthered by my recommendation. And I shall receive, it as a great courtesie● Farewell.   

Cicero to Quintus Ancharius, vice-consul son to Quintus. Epist. 40.  
I Very familiarly converse with Lucius, and Caius Aurelius, as likewise with Lucius their father, a man of rare integrity. These young men therefore, adorned with all commendable virtues, my dea●e friens, and wor●hie of your amity, I most heartily recommend unto you. If ever any recommendation of mine, prevailed with you, (and I know many have greatly prevailed) I pray let this take place. And if you entreat them honourably, and courteously; first, you shall oblige unto you, two most grateful, and virtuous young men: and beside, you shall herein do me a principal pleasure. Farewell.   

Cicero to Lucius Culleolus. Epist. 41.  
THe kind offices you have performed, to the benefit of Lu●ius Luscious, have been assuredly conferred upon a very grateful person, and y●u have not only pleasured him, but also Pompeius: who, whensoever he sees me, (and he sees me very often) he returns such ●hankes, as more affectionate cannot be given. I will also tell you this, that I am certain you shall receive great contentment; for I ●inde an inestimable satisfaction, in your love, and kindness showed to Lucceius. Now, though I doubt not, but that you, having heretofore used so great humanity towards him for our respect, will (not to be held unconstant) still continue it. Nevertheless, I request it at your hands, as ● special favour, that what you promised from the beginning and performed in effect: you would be pleased to augment from good to better, and to bring it to a full perfection. I affirm, and assure you, that you shall herein do a grea● pleasure, to Lucceius, and ●●mpeius; and you shall receive both ●rom th'one, and th'other worthy recompense. A few days since, I wrote carefully unto you, about the state of the Commonwealth, of matters here, and of our resolution: and I delivered the letters to your servants. Farewell.   

Cicero to Lucius Culleolus, vice-consul. Epist. 42.  
LVcius Lucceius my friend, a man beyond all others grateful, talking with me, highly commended you; declaring to me, how freely and liberally you offered yourself to his Solicitors. If your courteous words were so acceptable to him; what suppose you, will effects be, when you hold promise with him, as I hope you will. It is true, that th● Bylliones have said, they would satis●i● Lucceius, in what manner soever, should be pleasing to Pompeius: but, that this business may sort to a good end, it is very requisite, that yo● should interpose your pleasure, authorities and command. Which I earnestly entreat you. And I am wonderfully pleased, that th'Agents of Luc●eius perceive, and that Lucc●ius himself by your letters written to him, hath understood, that no man's authority or favour can do more with you, than mine own. And that he may have trial thereof, let me once more, and often request you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Quintus Gallius. Epist. 43.  
ALthough I hope, that in many things, you will c●use me to perceive, (as long si●ce I have seen) that I am beloved ●f you: nevertheless, an occasion no● pr●●●n● it s●l●e, th●t you may easily ●●forme me, of th● love you bear me. Oppius●onne ●onne to Marcus, negotiates in ●hilo●el●●● 〈◊〉 is my familiar acquaintance. And I recommend him ●o you, with all efficacy: and so much the more, in that besides the affection I bear to h●mselfe, he solicits the business of Lucius Egnatius R●●us, with whom I conu●r●● more domestically, th●n with any other Roman Caualli●re: and is near unto me, as well by reason of our continual conversation; as our mutual exchange of many, and gr●at offices. I entreat you therefore, that you will so love Opius present; and take the affairs of Egnatius absent, into your pro●ection, as if they were mine own occasions. I would h●ue you ●o make a memorial, and commit it to some one of your followers, who, when you arrive in your Province, may redeliver it you. But write it in such sort, that in reading it, you may readily call to mind, how precisely I made you this recommendation. This, of all love, I request you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Quintus Gallius. Epist. 44.  
THough both by your own letters, and those of Lucius Opius my familiar friend, I understood, that you have b●ene mindful of my recommendation: whereat I wondered not, considering your infinite love towards ●e, and the great friendship that passes betwixt us. Yet once again, with all care I recommend unto you, Lucius Opius present, and the affairs of my most familiar friend Lucius Egnatius, being absent; The friendship, and familiarity I hold with him is so great, that if mine own Interests were handled, I could not be any ways more careful. You shall therefore do me a special favour, if you so effect, that he may perceive, that I am so much beloved of you, as I seem to persuade myself to be. You can not do me a greater pleasure: and I earnestly request it. Farewell.   

Cicero to Apul●ius vice-Quaestor. Epist. 45.  
I So familiarly converse, with Lucius Egnatius, a Roman● Knight: as there is none of his quality, that is so inward with me. I commend vn●o you Anchialus his servant, and the businesses he hath in Asia, as if I commended unto you, any affairs of mine own. And I would have you understand, that we do not only, daily, and domestically converse together; but further, great favours have passed, from one of us, to the other. Wherefore I earnestly request you, so to procure, that he may understand, that I wrote unto you, very effectually. Of your good disposition towards me, he made no question: and I heartily entreat you for performance. Farewell.   

Cicero to Ap●leius, vice Quaestor. Epist. 46.  
LVcius Nostius Zoilus, is coheir, as I am; to his master. To this effect I have written, both, to give you no●●●, that I have some cause to be his friend; and that you might esteem him for an honest man, seeing his master so reputed him. I recommend him therefore unto you, as one of our family. And I shall be very glad, that you would give him occasion to know, that this my recommendation, turned to his help, and furtherance. Farewell.   

Cicero to Silius. Epist. 47.  
TO what end should I recommend a man vn●o you, whom you favour? Nevertheless, that you may perceive, that he is not only liked, but beloved of me, I have written these unto you. Of all the pleasures, you ever did me, which, to say the truth, are many, and very important, it would be most acceptable to me, if you would so use Egnatius, that he may perceive, that he's of me, and I of you beloved. This I request of you, with the greatest desire possible. There is not now, that former estate of the Commonwealth, which gave such conten●ment. Let them be comforted therefore in saying, as the vulgar do: who knows, that this may not prove for the best? but we'll talk of that at our meeting. Hold you on your course, that you may love me, and know that I love you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Sextilius Rufus, Quaestor. Epist. 48.  
I Recommend unto you all the Cyprij, but more especially the Paphij. Wherein soever you assist them, I shall greatly be obliged. And this office of recommending them, I perform so much the more willingly because I suppose it will also redound (as I desire) to your own commendation, coming first Quaestor into that Island, to institute those orders, according to which, others are to be governed. Which, as I hope, you may the more easily effect, if you do but follow the law, of your loving friend Publius L●ntulus; and the orders by me constituted. Which, I am confident, will purchase you great estimation. Farewell.   

Cicero to Curius vice-consul. Epist. 49.  
QVintus Pomp●ius son to Sextus, is for many and ancient respects of amity interessed in me. If this man heretofore were accustomed to preserve his goods, by my recommendations, favour, and dignity: Questionless now, when you govern the Province, by means of my letters, he must needs take comfort in observing, that he was never so highly recommended unto any, as at this present unto you. Wherefore I request you earnestly, that whereas, for our private amity's sake, you are to observe all my friends as your own; above all others, take this man so to your protection, that he may perceive, that nothing could have turned more to his honour and benefit, than my recommendation. Farewell.   

Cicero to Aristus vice-consul. Epist. 50.  
YOur observance of me, which I manifestly discerned, when we were together at Brundisium, gives me encouragement to write with familiarity, and as it were, with authority unto you, when any thing falls out that imports me. Marcus Curio, who negotiated at Patrae, is so domestical with me, as a nearer acquaintance can not be devised. I have received many benefits from him, and he as many from me. And which is above all; we bear one another singular affection. Which being so: as you have any hope in my amity; as you would make the favours, and courtesies you showed me at Brundisium, to be of greater acceptance, (though they were most acceptable:) & as you seem to be beloved of all yours: grant, and bestow upon me this kindness, that Manius Curius suffer no prejudice; and that by you, he may be freely exempted, from all exaction, detriment, and molestation. And I assure you; and all your friends in my behalf shall warrant, that from ●y friendship, and your humanity used unto me, great benefit, and contentment shall accrue unto you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius C●sius. Ep. 51.  
PVblius Messi●nus, a Roman Knight, is a man so qualified, and complete, as he is in nothing defective; and beside, he is my most Familiar friend's Wherefore, with the greatest care I can, I recommend him to you, entreating you both for ours, and our father's friendship, to take him to your protection, and to have a care of his goods, and honour; you shall bind unto you a very honest man, and one that's worthy of your friendship: and for me you shall herein do an acceptable office. Farewell.   

Cicero to Rex. Epist. 52.  
AV●us Licin●us Aris●oteles, of M●lita, hath anciently entertained me, and is beside, my familiar acquaintance, out of the daily conversation hath passed betwixt us. For which reasons I assure myself, you will hold him the more effectually recommended: because I understand by many, that you make great esteem of my recommendation. This man, by my means, obtained pardon of Caes●r: For he took part with me, in the behalf of Pompeius: and persevered longer in action, th●n I did. The which very respect, in my judgement, should make you conceive the better of him. Procure therefore my Rex, that he may, find that these letters did highly pleasure him. Farewell.   

Cicero to Quintus Thermus vice-Praetor. Epist. 53.  
OF long time, I have had familiar acquaintance with Lucius Genucilius Curuus a very honest, and grateful man. I recommend him to you in the best manner I can● and cast him wholly into your arms; entreating you, to be favourable to him, in all his occurrents, so far as your trust, and dignity will suffer you. And well it may in all things suffer you, for I know, he will require nothing, but that which shall be correspondent, aswell to yours, as to his own honest disposition. But particularly I commend unto you, his businesses in H●llespon●us. First, that he be permitted to enjoy the privilege of the exemption of lands granted him by decree, and given him by the city of Parium, which he hath ever enjoyed without controversy; And further, if he have Suit with any one of Hellespontus, th●t you will refer it to that Diocese. But seeing in general, I have commended him ●o you, with such efficacy, me thinks I should not so particularly write of his affairs. The sum is this: all courtesy, benefit, and honour, which you shall place on Gen●cilius, I will repute it as performe● to myself, and for mine own interest's. Farewell.   

Cicero to Thermus vice-Praetor. Epist. 54.  
OF many offices, which you have performed, upon my recommendation, there's none, for which I hold myself mo●e bound unto you, then for the singular cou●t●sie used to Marcus Marcilius, so● unto my friend, and my interpreter. Who coming to Laodicea, highly extolled you, and gave me infinite thanks, because at my request, you had conferred upon him your favour. Wherefore nothing now remains, but to request you, that seeing you bes●ow benefits on grateful persons, that you will for this respect, be the more favourable to them; and v●e all means, that stand with your reputation, that the mother in law of the said young man, be not called in question. As before I carefully commended Marcilius, so now I recommend him much more carefully, having by long service had experience of the singular, and as it were, incredible fidelity, abstinence, and modesty, of the father of Marcilius. Farewell.   

Cicero to Thermus vice-Praetor. Epist. 55.  
THough, me thought I perceived, when I talked with you in Ephesus, about the business of Marcus Anneius my Legate, how you were ready upon all occasions to do him pleasure; nevertheless, both the same Marcus Anneius, is ●o dear unto me, that I am inclined to effect any thing, that may be for his benefit; and I esteem myself so near unto him, as I am assured, that besides your ●ormer disposition to do him good, you will add a new desire of favouring him, upon my commendations. For ●hough I have loved Marcus Anneius of long time, and conceive that opinion of him which th'effects demonstrate, having voluntarily chosen him Legate; which office hath been sued ●or by many, whom I ever refused: nevertheless, seeing he was with me, in the war; and in the managing of military actions, I discerned in him so great valour, prudence, fidelity, and good will towards me; that there are none more dear unto me then himself. You know how he is in suits, with the Sardianis. In Ephesus I informed you of the cause, which notwithstanding you shall face to face better, and more easily understand. For the rest, I have questionless been long doubtful, how I should w●ite unto you: it being plain, & to you● great commendation made manifest, after what manner you administer justice: and we having need of nothing else, but that you will proceed according to your usual fashion. Notwithstanding, being not concealed from me, of what authority a Praetor is; especial●y, if he be of that integrity, gravity, and clemency, wherewith, it is openly known, you are endowed: I request you, for our friendly league, and for our equal, and mutual offices; that with authority, endeavour, and favour, you will so procure, that Marcus Ann●ius may understand, both, that you loved him heretofore, as he supposeth, and hath often told me: and that my letters, have made you love him more effectually. During your government, and authority in that Province, no occasion can occur unto me, wherein you can show me greater favour. Withal, I am assured, that you understand, how well your favour, and courtesy will be placed, upon a man that is so thankful, and so honest. Farewell.   

Cicero to Thermus Vice-Praetor. Epist. 56.  
CAius Clwius, a Puteolan, observes me greatly, and is my familiar acquaintance. He hath certain affairs in your Province; which if he cannot comp●sse, while you are there Governor, by means of my recommendations; he will hold them for lost, and desperate. Now, seeing so great an injunction is laid upon me, by a friend more officious to me, than any other; I will impose (so it be not troublesome unto you) the like charge upon yourself, as being encouraged by your former exceeding favours. Clwius should have money of the Mylasij, and the Alabandenses. Euthyd●mus told me once in Ephesus, that he would cause the Mylasij, to send their Proctors to Rome. And there's nothing yet performed. I understand, they have sent thither Ambassadors, but I should be more glad, that their Proctors were come, that I might deal with them, and conclude somewhat. Wherefore I require at your hands, as a favour, that you would enjoin them, and the Alaband●nses, to send their Proctors to Rome. Besides, Philotes the Alabandensian hath bound, and made over unto Clwius, certain lands. I desire that you would urge Philotes, either to put the agents of Clwius in possession of the said mortgages, or else, to pay the moneys. And moreover, that you would take order, that H●racleotae, and Bargyletae, satisfy the debt they owe to Clwius, either with ready coin, or out of their revenues. The Caunij are also his debtors; but they say, the money was committed unto them upon ●●ust: whereof I would desire you to be informed. And, if you find that the●e be no decree nor ●dict passed, that free's them from paying interest for the money so d●pose●; procure that it may be paid him, according to the custom in your Province. O● the matters above mentioned, I take the greater care, because it concerns the particular in●erest of my dear fr●nd Cneius Pompeius; and in that I see, that he is more careful thereof then Clwius himself; and because I much desire, that he may remain satisfied, in my best offices. I beseech you therefore, in all love, that you will be pleased to grant what I have requested. Farewell.   

Cicero to Thermus Vice-Praetor. Ep. 57  
THe more I hear by letters, and messengers that there is great war in Syria, the more I entreat and enjoin you, by the great friendship that is betwixt us, to send me presently Marcus Annelus my Legate back again: because I know, I may make use of the endeavour, counsel, and experience he hath in Military discipline, to the infinite benefit of the Commonwealth. And, if necessity had not urged him to come unto you; neither would he, upon any terms have l●ft me, or I have granted that he should. I make account to set forward towards Cilicia, about the first of May: and Anneius must needs before that ●ime be returned. I formerly spoke, and wrote unto you, about a matter he hath in hand with the Sardian people. And I now again most earnestly request, and entreat you, to procure, that he may according to the merit of his cause, and dignity be dispatched. I conceived by your words, when I talked with you about it in ●phesu●, that you were inclined to show all favour to Marcus Anneius, for his own sake: nevertheless, be assured, if I understand that he hath by your means a good end of the for●●●d business, according to his expectation; I shall think, I have received from you a singular kindness. And, I most earnestly entreat you, to use therein all expedition. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Titius Rufus, son to Lucius, Praetor in Rome. Ep. 58.  
LVcius Custidius, is my kinsman, countryman, and familiar friend. H● hath a certain su●e, which is likely to come into your Court. I should be as much ashamed to demand any thing dishonest in his behalf; as you, out o● your respect to your office and honour, would be to grant it. I therefore only entreat you, that he may have favourable access unto you. And that having right, you will grant it him. That he may understand, that my friendship, even when I was furthest off, was of force with you to further him. Farewell.   

Cicero to Curtius Poeduceanus Praetor. Epist. 59  
I Bear a singular affection to Marcus Fabius: and we have conversed together of long time, w●th great familiarity. In his suits; I request you not, to judge, one way or other, (for you will observe that, which, upon edict, and your order, belongs to your credit, and your dignity:) but that he may only have the benefit to be heard: and that you will, but willingly grant him, what is just: to the end he may know, that my friendship, though I were far absent, was beneficial to him; and especially, with yourself. Which I make my earnest request. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Munatius, son to Caius. Ep. 60.  
LVcius Livineius Trypho, is freeman to Lucius Regulus, my very familiar acquaintance: whose misfortune is a cause, that I am more officious to him, then usual. For I cannot be more affectionate to him, than I have been. But I love Trypho, for his own deserts. For he did me great pleasure, in the time of my misfortunes: ●●er●in ● might evidently perceive, each man's good will, and constancy: I recommend him therefore to you, with the same vehemency, with which those that would be accounted grateful, are bound to recommend them, f●om whom they have received a benefit. I shall be highly pleased, tha● he might perceive, that you out of your love unto me, took in good part also, the kindness he did me, in exposing himself to many dangers for my safety, and his often going to Sea for me, in the midst of Winter. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Silius, Vice-Praetor. Epist. 61.  
I Suppose you know well the great familiarity, which I have had with Titus Pinnius: which he made manifest in his last will and testament: he leaving me both Guardian, & his second heir. His son a very studious, learned, and modest child, is to receive a round sum of money of the Nicaeenses; of about an hundred and sixty thousand Crowns: and for as much as I hear, they are willing to give him satisfaction; seeing therefore not only the other Guardians, who know how much I am able to prevail with you, but the youth himself, is also persuaded, that you will do any thing for my sake; you shall do me a great pleasure, to use the means (so far as may stand with your honour, and place) that by order of the Nicaeenses, the foresaid monies may be presently paid to Pinnius. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Silius Vice-Praetor. Epist. 62.  
I Remained both much engaged unto you in the cause of A●ilius: for though I came late, yet through your nobility, and courtesy, I preserved an honourable Roman knight: And certainly I ever carried this mind, that by reason of the conjunction, and inward amity, which is between me, and our Lamia, you were wholly mine. Wherefore, first I thank you, because you freed me from all trouble: and then, I must presumptuously requi●e another kindness; but I'll be a good pay master for all: for, both at all times, and with all vigilancy, I will observe you: and will ever have that care of yourself, and affairs, that aught to be had of one, to whom I bear a singular affection. I therefore request you, if you wish me well, that you will make as great an esteem of my brother Q●in●us, as o● myself. And so you shall greatly augment the greatness of your benefit. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Silus, Vice-Praetor. Ep. 63.  
I Thought it a thing impossible, that words should have failed me: and yet I want them, to recommend Marcus Le●ius. Whereupon I will in few words relate the matter; yet so, that you may manifestly observe my desire therein. It is incredible, what account, I, and my most dear brother made, of Marcus Lenius. Which proceeds aswell from his many offices done for us, as from his singular sincerity and modesty. I unwillingly gave him leave, to come into your parts, by reason of the familiarity and delight I took in his conversation; and because I was desirous, to use his faithful and good counsel: but I fear, lest you think I overflow in words; wherein I said, I should be defective. I commend him unto you with that affection, with which you judge it convenient to commend one, of whom I have delivered, what I formerly have written. And I request you, in the best manner I can, that you will end the business for him, which he hath in your Province, giving him therein the best directions you are able. You shall find him very affable, & courteous. And therefore I entreat you, to send him forthwith back again unto me, absolved, and freed from all molestation, with your absolute dispatch of his business. For thus, you shall have both myself, and brother, yours obliged. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Silius, Vice-Praetor. Ep. 64.  
I Shall never be able to relate unto you, how much my Nero commendeth you. Questionless, he exalts you marvellously; telling me, that he could devose no respects, wherewith you have not graced him. You shall thereby reap from him great benefit, for he is the gratefullest young man the world affordeth: and certainly I also take i● very kindly. For, of all the Nobility, there is no man dearer vn●o me. You shall therefore do me a singular pleasure, to perform, what I require at your hands, upon his request. First, touching Pa●sania, the Alabandensian; that you will put off the matter so long, till Nero come: whom I perceive to be very studious of his good; and therefore I entreat you herein: Then, that you would esteem the Nicae●, who are Nero's greatest friends, and whom he defends with all his ability, and power, as zealously recommended: that the same City may understand, that Nero's Patrocime, is unto them a prevalent protection. I many times commended vn●o you, Strabo Servilius; but now, I do it more effectually, in that Nero hath undertaken, to defend his cause. We require nothing at your hands, but ●hat you will procure an end of the cause; and not suffer Servilius, an harmless person, to be tired out in a tedious suit, depending in the Court, of such a man, as taking contrary courses to you, only affects gain that is unlawful. Wherein, besides the doing me a pleasure, you shall also give m● occasion, to observe the use you make of your noble disposition. The sum of this Epistle is, that you will give Nero satisfaction in all points of favour, as you have determined, and effected. Your province hath a large The●ter, which m●ne ha●● not; [Wherein] the glory and commendation, of so noble, so ing●nuous● and so honest a young man [may be admired.] Wherefore, if you be favourable to him, as undoubtedly you will, and have already been, the multitude of Clients left him by his predecessors, may be obliged and confirmed by his own benefits. Wherein, if you aid him, with the assistance that you pretend: upon occasion he will return your favour with great advantage; and you shall beside, do me a singular pleasure. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Silius, Vice-Praet●r. Epist. 65.  
I Have great familiarity, and daily conversation, with Publius Terentius Hyspo, who, in the public customs, hath the place of Toll-master● and we are tied one to another, by infinite and manuel favours. It much concerns his honour, to have an accord with the other Cities. Which, as I remember, we attempted in Ephesus, and could by no means, from the Ephesians obtain it: but seeing, (as ●uerie m●n believes, and I my sel●e perceive) that out of your great bounty, singular humanity, and clemency, you may confidently impose any thing upon the Grecians, at your pleasure: let me, with all efficacy request you, to do me th'honour, that Hyspo may have this commendation. Besides this, I have inward friendship with the Receivers; not only in that all the same company are under my protection; but because I familiarly frequent with diverse of them; so that you shall first satisfy Hyspo for my sake; and further you shall increase the affection of the Toll-gatherers towards me: and beside, yourself shall reap great benefit, by pleasuring one that is a most thankful man, & have the love of the Toll-gatherers, who are men of very good worth: and on me you shall bestow a favour of importance. For I would have you imagine, that in all the Province and Government under your command, there is nothing wherein you may do me a greater pleasure. Farewell,   

Cicero to Publius Servilius Isauricus, vice-consul. Epist. 66.  
COnsidering how ready you are in your accustomed assistance of your friends; and how full of feeling commiseration towards the afflicted; I would not recommend unto you Aulus Caecina, a most divote and affectionate Client to your Family: but that the memorial of his Father, with whom I held an especial familiarity, & his own miserable fortunes, bind me to discharge those offices, which I am tied in duty to perform, for one, that is most near unto me in all respects of friendship. And the office is this, that I entreat you, with the deepest passion I am able; that unto those aids, which of your own voluntary election, without any man's intercession you can afford a man of so great worth, in such extreme misery; you would be pleased, upon my letter's, to add some new desire and zeal, o● assisting him, in all possible occasions. And, had you be●n at Rome, me thinks, I assure myself, that by your means, we might have procured the safety of Caecina: of whom, nevertheless, we live in great hop●, being confident in the clemency of your Colleague. Now, in that he means, being drawn by the fame of your justice, to repair to your Province, as to the haven of greatest security. In the most earnest manner I can, I request & beseech you, to aid him, to collect the remainder of his old accounts, and in all other respects, to receive him under your defence & protection. 'Twill be the greatest tye that you can lay upon me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Servilius. Epist. 67.  
WHile I had the government of Cilicia, to which Province, you know, that three Dioceses of Asia were assigned, I frequented with no man more familiarly, then with Andron, son to Arthemon, of Laodicea. And beside, that he was the man, who gave me entertainment in the same City; his customs also were very conformable to my condition: and he gave me much satisfaction, both in his life and conversation. And, as I loved him heretofore: so now, since I departed from mine office, my love's redoubled: because I had found him, in many occasions, thankful and mindful of me. Insomuch, that I cheerfully entertained and respected him here in Rome, in acknowledgement of the honour, which I received from him in Laodicea. This I I have written unto you, both to intimate, that I recommend him not without a cause; and, that you may think him worthy of your hospitality. You shall therefore do me a singular pleasure, if you make him conceive, how much you love me; that is, if you receive him to your protection; and, assist him, wherein soever honestly you may, and without your own inconvenience. I shall take it in wondrous good part; and I double entreat you for performance. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Servilius Isauricus, vice-consul, his Colleague. Epist. 68  
REading your letters, wherein you gave me particular notice of your navigation, I took great contentment, in that I found you mindful of our friendship, which so exceedingly pleased me, that nothing could befall me, more acceptable ●o me. But yet I must tell you, it would turn to my far greater contentment, if you would write familiarly to me, of the Commonwealth; that is, of the state of your Province, and of your ordinances. Which, though by many, I shall understand. For, the report of your n●me will procure, that they cannot be concealed: nevertheless, I should be glad to understand of it by your letters. ay, touching my opinion of the Commonwealth, will not write often to you, for the danger which accompanies letters of that importance: but of the daily occurrents, I will write often to you. And yet me thinks, I conceive some hope, that Caesar, our Colleague, would, and now intends, we should have some form of a Commonwealth. At whose counsels, it much imports, that you were present: but, if it turn to your greater benefit, that is to your greater glory, to govern Asia, and to cure that weak and ill-conditioned part of the Commonwealth; there's no reason, but I should abate my desire, upon the hope of your benefit. If any thing fall out, wherein your dignity shall be interessed, I will labour therein, with such affection and vigilancy, as greater cannot be required. And above all, I will observe with due respect, your renowned Father. Whereunto I am bound, by ancient amity, and your benefits, and dignity. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Servilius, his Colleague. Ep. 69.  
CAius Curtius Mithres is Freeman to Posthumius, my familiar acquaintance; but he honours and observes me, as much as his own Master. Whensoever I was in Ephesus, I was no less bold with his house, then with mine own: and in diverse occasions, I have found him to me, both a good, and faithful friend. Wherefore, if it occur, that either I, or any of my friends have need of any thing in Asia, I usually write to him: I make use therein, not only of his fidelity and endeavour; but I command his house and goods, as freely, as if they were proper to myself. Thus much I thought good to write unto you somewhat diffusedly, to give you to understand, that I recommend not unto you any vulgar person, or, that I discharge this office out of any ambition; but by reason, that by the intimate familiarity, and viscerall amity, I have with him, I am thereunto excited. I beseech you therefore, in a suit which he hath about certain lands with one Colophonius, favour me, to backe him, so far as conveniently you may, without your own disparagement, or prejudice. Though I know his modesty so well, that he will in nothing be burdensome unto you. If by means of this my recommendation, and the merit of his own integrity, he may obtain, that you will be his friend, and repute him for an honest man: he will think, he hath made the greatest purchase that the world affordeth. And therefore I entreat you, the most effectually I can, to take him into your protection, and to reckon him in the number of your friend's. In all your occasions, I will not fail, both with my counsel and endeavours, to do you any acceptable pleasure. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Servilius, his Colleague. Ep. 70.  
BEcause every man takes notice, that you love me, diverse affect, that I should recommend them to you: I sometimes herein satisfy the vulgar, but most an end, my friends, as at this present. For, I have singular friendship and familiarity, with Titu● Ampius Menander, a thri●tie, diligent, and modest person. Whose fidelity is well known, both to his Patron, and myself. I shall take it exceeding well, that you would in any thing, wherein you may, without your own prejudice, favour him. And this is my especial request unto you. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Servilius, his Colleague. Ep. 71.  
I Recommend unto you diverse, upon necessity; because our great friendship, and your good will towards me, is known to every man. And, though I desire you should be free of your favours, to all those whom I recommend: yet do I not request it equally to all men. Titus Agusius, in the time of my disgraces, never left me, either in travails, navigations, and turmoils; nay, in my very dangers he was always with me: neither at this time would he have departed from me, had I not permitted him. Wherefore, I recommend him to you, as one of my house, and as my very useful friend. You shall do me a great pleasure, if you so entreat him, that he may take notice of the profit and assistance, that did accrue unto him, through my recommendation. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Servilius his Colleague. Ep. 72.  
BEfore you departed from Rome, I recommended unto you in your garden, as effectually, as I could, the goods, movables, reckonings, and possessions that my necessary friend Caerellia hath in Asia; and you, according to your custom, and continual weighty courtesies, freely taken upon you to do any thing. Now, I hope, you are as mindful of the said business, as you were wont to be of other matters. Notwithstanding, Caerellia's Solicitors, have written to me, that it were good to give you often, remembrance thereof, being for the greatness of your Province, and the multitude of affairs much employed. I desire therefore that you would be mindful, how freely you promised me all those favours, which your dignity might afford. I am fully of opinion, that you have ample authority of satisfying Caerellia, out of that decree of the Senate, which was enacted in that cause of the heirs to Caius Vennonius. Wherein notwithstanding, I refer myself to your council, and judgement, as being to interpret it in such sort, as shall appear best unto your wisdom. For I know, that you have ever highly esteemed the authority of that order. It only remains, for me to tell you, that wherein so ever you favour Caerellia, you shall do me a singular pleasure. Farewell.   

Cicero to Quintus Philippus vice-consul. Ep. 73.  
YOur government being expired, I congratulate your healthful, and safe return, with the preservation of your own honour, and great satisfaction to the Commonwealth. And if I had seen you in Rome, I would presentially have given you thanks, for the love and favour you showed to my familiar friend Lucius Egnatius, in his absence, and Lucius Opius that was present. Antipater Derbetes useth to entertain me, and I him; and beside, there passeth great familiarity betwixt us. I heard that you are very much displeased with him, and it grieved me. I know not whither he deserved it: but sure I am, that such a person as you are, would do nothing without just occasion. Howsoever it be: I entreat you as effectually as possible I can, for our ancient, and true friendship, that you would be pleased to pardon his sons, who are under your power, especially, at my intercession. If you think it not prejudicial to your own reputation; I● which case I would not request it: for I should have a respect of greater antiquity to your honour, then to Antipater's acquaintance. But I verily believe, (yet I may be deceived) that by such an act you shall rather get praise, than infamy. About this matter, what may be done, and what you may do for my sake, (for I make no doubt of what you would do) I desire, (so it be not troublesome unto you,) to be further certified. Farewell.   

Cicero to Quintus Philippus, vice-consul. Ep. 74.  
THough I am assured, that out of the love you bear me, and for the familiar friendship that is betwixt us, you are mindful of my recommendation; yet will I not omit most effectually, to recommend again unto you my kind friend Lucius Opius present; and the affairs of my domestical acquaintance Lucius Egnatius, absent. The friendship & familiarity I have with him, is so great, as I could not be more careful, if it were mine own cause. Therefore I shall take it as an extraordinary kindness, if you give him cause to conceive, how I am no less beloved of you, than I give myself to understand. You cannot do me a greater favour than this, and I earnestly request you to perform it. Farewell.   

Cicero to Titus Titius, son to Titus, Legate. Ep. 75.  
THough I am of constant belief, that my first recommendation prevailed much with you: yet I am desirous to give contentment, to Caius Auianus Flaccus, my familiar friend: whom, I am not only desirous, but bound, ●o favour wherein possible I am able: of whom in presence, I spoke effectually to you, when you kindly made me answer: and with great efficacy, I wrote unto you afterwards thereof. I request you to pardon me, if to give him satisfaction, I may seem unmindful of your constancy. I desire therefore the same favour at your hands, which is, that you will permit Auianus, that at all times of the year, he may convey his come, wh●ther soever stands best with his commodity. Which courtesy, in like manner, by my means, he obtained for three years, while Pompeius had this charge. To conclude; that, wherein you may do me greatest pleasure, is, to let Auianus know your love towards me, seeing he is assured of mine to himself. This will be very acceptable to me. Farewell.   

Cicero to the Quatuor-viri, and Decuriones. Epist. 76.  
THe friendship I entertain with Quintus Hippius, grows from so many occasions, as there cannot be found a more absolute, than our conjunction. And were it not for this, I would follow my accustomed manner; which is, to be troublesome to you in nothing. For you can bear me sufficient testimony, that, though I were certain to obtain whatsoever I desired; yet would I never be burdensome unto you. I request you therefore as earnestly as I can, or am able, that you will so far favour me, as to use Caius Valgius Hippianus, with all courtesy, and make an end with him; by exempting, and making free that possession, which sometimes he bought of you, in the Fregellan territory. If you satis●ie me in this my request, I shall think, I have received a special benefit. Farewell.   

Cicero to Publius Sulpitius Imperator. Ep. 77.  
I Went not often into the Senate, by reason of the conditions of the times: but having received your letters, and understood, how your honour was herein touched; I observed that it was my duty to go thither; and that doing otherwise, I should have wronged our ancient amity, and have performed a matter unworthy of our benefits, one to th'other. Wherefore I went thither: and willingly advised, that all the Temples of the gods, ●hould publicly be visited; and thanks rendered to them, for what you had effected in the behalf of the Commonwealth. And upon every occasion, when either your profit, honour, or dignity comes in question, I will never fail you, in those endeavours, and offices, wherein I am engaged. And you shall do me a pleasure to write thereof unto your friends, notifying unto them my affection, and the desire I have to write unto you: that so they may securely build upon me, whensoever it occurs, that I may give you any assistance. Marcus Bollanu● is a friend to me, of many years standing, an honest man, valiant, and adorned with as many good parts, as can be desired: I recommend him to you, wi●h all zeal, and entreat you to let him understand, how this my recommendation, was with you to his great furtherance. Which I shall repute as a singular favours and I assure you, that in him you shall find infinite goodness, and a thankful memory for benefits received; so that, you will ever remain satisfied in his friendship. Besides this, I would earnestly entreat you, for our frienships' sake, and for that love you have ●uer showed me, that you will t●ke upon you some trouble in the matter I shall acquaint you with. Dionysius my servant, who had under his custody, a Library of mine, of great value, having filched away many books, and fearing to be punished for it, is fled away: and he is within your Province. Marcus ●ollanus my familiar friend, and diverse others have seen him in Naron●: but he telling them, that I had made him free, they beleft him. I cannot expre●se how thankful ● should be, if you could s●nd me him back again. The matter is of no great importance, but the discontentment of my mind is much● Bollanus will inform you where he is, and what course is to be taken. If by your means I can recover him, I ●hall think you have conferred upon me a great benefit. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius alienus, vice-consul. Epist. 78.  
DEmocritus Sicynius, hath not only kindly entertained me, but is al●o my very familiar friend: which happens not to many, especially Grecians. For in him, there is naked integrity, worthy valour, noble courtesy, and due observance towards his guests: and me, he honours observes, a●d lou●s, above all others. You shall perceive, that he is not only the best, amongst his own Citizens, but also of all Achaia; I only open unto him, and make re●d●e his way to your knowledge. Wh●n you once know h●m, of your s●lfe, (such is your dispositions) you will repute him worth●e of your friendship, and entertainment: my desire therefore is, th●t having read these letters, you will t●ke him in●o your protection, & offer him the greatest kindness you can for my sake. Last o● all, if (as, I hope,) you shall find him worthy of you● hospitality, and friendship's L●t me request you to embrace, and love him, and esteem him in the number of your acquaintance. Wherein you shall do me a singular pleasure. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caiu● alienus, vice-consul. Epist. 79.  
I Suppose you conceive, what account I made, of Caius Auianus Flaccus; and by him I understood, who is a man, of tried sincerity, and mindful of benefits, what great favour you have showed him. His sons, most worthy of such a Father, and my good friends, whom I singularly love, I recommend unto you with that zeal, as with greater I could not recommend any. Caius Auianu● is in Sicilia, Marcu● is here with us. I pray vouchsafe to respect Caius, who is present, and have a care of both their substances. You cannot in this Province, show me a greater courtesy. This is my petition, which I beseech you, grant me. Farewell.    

THE FOURTEENTH BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Cicero to his wife Terentia, and children Tulliola, and Cicero. Epist. 1.  
MAny write, but every man reports unto me, that you are virtuous, and valorous beyond imagination: & that no labours either of mind, or body, are so great, as they can weary you. How wretched a man am I, that you, who are endued with so much virtue, trust, Integrity, and courtesy, should (for my sake) be brought into so great misery. And that our daughter Tulliola should take such thought for a father that was wont, to be unto her so delightful. But what shall I say of my sonne● Cicero? who no sooner began to taste of understanding, but was implunged in unsufferable griefs, and misfortunes. Had I thought, as you write, that destiny had laid these crosses on me; I could have suffered them with greater patience: but all proceeds from mine own defect; thinking I had been loved, where I was envied; and neglecting those, that sought my acquaintance. But if I had trusted unto myself, and had not so much relied on the words of foolish, or dishonest friends; we had lived most happily: yet at this present, seeing our friends comfort us with good hopes, I will strive to free myself of passion, lest I for want of health be not able to second your endeavours in recalling me. I consider well how much power we have need of, and how much more easy it had been to have stayed at home, when I was there, th●n to return thither b●ing absent: yet● if all the Tribunes of the people before us, a●d Lentu●us stick as close, (as he makes show) unto us; and especially, if Pompeius, and Caesar do join wi●h us; we will be hopeful. As for o●● 〈◊〉 should we will do as you inform me, and our friends counsel us. Touching this place of my abode, the plague is now at length certainly gone from it: and while it was here I h●d it not. Pla●●us a very kind man desires me to stay with him; and as yet will not let me go. I was desirous to have been in a place further out of the way, in Epirus, whereunto neither Hyspo could come, nor the Soldiers. But Plancus hitherto retaineth me; hoping it may so fall out, that we may return, together into Italy. If ever I live to see that day, and that it be lawful for us to embrace one another; and mutually regain ourselves, I shall think I have received fruit sufficient of our interchanged affection. Piso shows so much humanity, virtue, and lou● towards all of us, that greater cannot be showed us; I wish, he may take as much pleasure in it, as I see he will have honour by it. What I have written vn●o you concerning my brother Quintus, was not done to reprehend you ●or any thing; but my desire was, and especially because you were so few, that you should live together in as friendly manner as was possibl●. I h●ue thanked whom you bid me, and have written that I had notice given me by you of their favours. Touching that you write unto me about the sale of our street, my dear Teren●ia, tell me, I pray you, alas! what will become of us? But if this adversity shall continue with us, what shall become of our miserable boy? I must not write all, tears do so abound; lest I should set thee also a weeping. Yet thus much I will write, if our friends be as they should be, we shall have no want of money; if not, all the money thou canst make, will be too little. If thou hast any care of our miserable fortunes, look that woes do not utterly cast away our wretched son. Let him not want while there is any thing left: he needs but some good quality, and a moderate estate to raise himself to the rest of his fortunes. Look to your health, and let me hear from you, that I may know wh●t is done, and what you are now about, I look hourly for news from you, that cannot be long a coming. Commend me to Tulliola and Cicero. Fare ye all well. From Dyrrhachium, the 26. of November.  
I Am come to Dyrrhachium, because it is a free City, and kind to me, and not far from Italy. But if the great concourse of people there, shall dislike me, I will repair, to some other place, and give you notice.   

Cicero to Terentia his wife, and to Tulliola, and Cicero his children. Epist. 2.  
Do not suppose that I use to write very long Epistles to any man: except he write at large to me. And I thereupon judge it reasonable, to make him alike answer. For first, I know not what to write; and then, at this time, there's nothing that I undergo more unwillingly. And if this happen to me when I write to others, what may it do now think you, when I write to yourselves: to whom I cannot indite a letter, which is not accompanied with many tears: knowing you to be fallen into extreme misery, whom I was ever desirous to behold in great felicity; which I was bound to endeavour; and had I not been so timorous had effected. Piso by his courteous offices hath procured, that whereas before I loved him, now I deservedly stand bound unto him. I have withal possible efficacy exhorted him by letters, to ●he enterprise which is begun for my good; and, as I ought I thanked him. You write, how you conceive great ●opes, in the new T●ibunes of the people. You may well hope, if Pompeius●fford ●fford us his assistance: but I doubt of Crassus: I perceive wi●h how great a spirit, and how lovingly you undergo every thing: neither do I wonder at it; but notwithstanding, it exceedingly greeu●s me, that we are reduced to such a point, that my miseries cannot be e●sed, but wi●h yours. For, Publius Valerius a very loving man wrote that unto me, which drew from me many tears in reading it; how from the temple of the Goddess Vesta, you were led ●o ●he Valerian Table. Alas! dear heart, and my only happiness! is it then true, ●hat you my Terentia, to whom all others were wont in their necessities to h●u● recourse for help, should now b●e so molested, and put to so much weeping, and miseries, and that this should proceed from my error, who have preserved others, to reserve unto myself perpetual afflictions. Whereas you write unto me about the house, that is, touching the plat of ground: I will ●hen only hold that I am restored when that is restored. But what should I say? the●e things are not in our power. I● grieves me that you b●ing poor, and destitute, should be urged to bear part of the charges, which of necessity we are to be at. Yet if the matter obtain a wished end, we shall have good recompense for every thing. But if Fortune no wai●s alt●r, wilt thou, poor soul, cast away ●hat little which thou hast? Ah, dear heart● leave the charge unto others, that are betterable (if they will) to sustain it; do not, if ●ou love me, torment that weak body of yours, as me thinks you do. For day ●nd night, you present yourself unto my thoughts. I see you undergo the burden of all pains, I know not how you are able to endure it; And I am afraid, lest you overcharge yourself so much, as you will be enforced to give over: bu● I also observe, that all hopes of my safety depend on you. Be therefore careful of your health, to the end we may attain to ●hat which you desire, and on which you have bend all your cogitations. I know not to whom I should write; whether to them that write to me, or to them that you wish me to write unto. To content you, I will de●erre it no longer. But I would have you send me letters as often as you can; especially if there be the least certainty of any hope. Farewell dear hearts, farewell. From Th●ssalonica the 4. of October.   

Cicero to Terentia his wife and to Tulliola, and Cicero, his children. Epist. 3.  
I Received three letters from you, by Aristocritus, which I had almost blotted out with weeping. For, my T●rentia, I am much afflicted, and so much, that I scarcely live: yet feel I not more hartgreefe for mine own, then for your miseries; and for those, which all of you have suffered. Although in this respect I am more miserable than thou, who art most miserable. For the bitterness of this fortune is equal to us both, but the blame is only mine. I should either have accepted of the embassies, by means whereof I might have shunned the danger; or by my friends endeavours have constantly resisted the injuries of mine enemies; or else have died with resolution. To a worse state, then that wherein I now stand, I could never have been reduced. Which is the cause, that I grieve not more for the evil, then for the reproach thereof: being ashamed that my dear wife, & sweet children, by my cowarddize, and negligence should lead a lif● so miserable, and so lamentable. You● unhappy state hourly presents itself before mine eyes: and because I know how weak you are of sex: the more am I sorrowful, considering that you cannot undergo so many troubles without great danger. And beside, I perceive no hope of my safety. There are two things, which oppose our desires: the hatred of many; and the envy almost of all men. And as to preserve our former state, little was requisite: so to recover it, infinite labour is required. Nevertheless, while you are hopeful; I will also support, this my weary, and languishing body with some hopefulness: that in being wanting both to you, and to myself, as I have been hitherto, despair may not augment our evils. As for that point, where you write, that I should be wary to remain in a place of security: this I can easily perform, because mine enemies shall have small reason to desire my death, in that they should thereby ease me o● so many miseries, which they desire that I should live in. And yet I will obey your commands. I have thanked my friends, as you enjoined me in your letters, and touching their friendly procurements about my safety, I have written, I was thereof by you advertised. The conueyer of these letters was Dexippus. For our Piso, I have heard by all men; and I plainly myself perceive it; that he bears us wonderful affection; which with admirable effects he doth also demonstrate. The gods grant, that together with yourself, and our children, we may long live in the society of such a son in law. The hope which now remains is, wholly in the new Tribunes of the people: and only in the first days of their entry into their office: for if the matter do grow sta●e, 'tis no more to bethought of. And for this cause, I have suddenly returned you Aristocritus, that you may presently write unto me, what beginning the matter had, & in what state it standeth: though I also enjoined D●xi●pus, that he●●●ould without delay return vn●o me. And I have written to my brother, r●questing him that he will not fail, as often as he can, to send me messengers of purpose. And I remain for no other cause at this instant in Dyrrhac●ium, but to receive the more speedy advertisements, and to be resident in a secure place, as I am, assuredly. For I always favoured, and defended this city. And when I understand that our enemies are coming, I will retire into Epirus. Where as you write, that if it be my pleasure, you will come unto me. I like it better you should remain there, considering the greatest part of my occasions; depend upon your diligence. If you can compas●e any good end, of that which now you have in hand, I must of necessity repair to you. But if, etc. the rest it imports not to write. Upon your firs●, or at least your second le●ters, we shall be able to resolve what course to take● write unto me of all particularly. Though now, I should not attend letters, but an end of this action. Regard your health. And be secure, that I have nothing in this world, nor ever had, more dear unto me then yourself. Farewell my dear Terentia; whom in such sort me thinks I daily behold, that with tears I am consumed. Farewell. From Dyrrhachium the last of November.   

Cicero to Terentia his wife, and to Tul●iola, and Cicero his childre●. Ep. 4.  
I Write as seldom to you as I can; because, besides my being daily urged by a thousand noisome cogitations: when I either write to you, or do but ●ead your letters, tears flow from me in that abundance, as I am driven of necessity to give over. Oh! how far better were it for me, not so much to love my li●e? Questionless, we had made trial either of none at all, or of very little evil. But who knows whither Fortune hath not reserved me still alive, to comfort me for a time, with hopes, of recovering some Commodity? And if this fall out, we may in part reform the error we have committed. ●ut if my hard and extreme lot have left no manner of comfort for me: what can I do more, (sweet life) then desire to see thee as soon as is possible: And to die between thy arms. Seeing neither the gods, whom thou hast with a pure heart, adored and worshipped: nor men whom I have ever sought to preserve, have afforded us any recompense of our deservings. We were thirteen days at ●rundusium, in the house of Marcus Lenius Flaccus. Observe a singular integrity: he stuck not to hazard his goods, and his own life for my safety; neither through fear to incur the penalty of the Law, no less corrupt, then cruel; did he give over his resolution: but as if no such thing were, he entertained me into his house, maintaining our ancient custom of mutual hospitality; and performing what soever our amity required. God grant me the favour, so to requite him with effects, as I will never be wanting to him in affection. We departed from Brundisium the xxvii. of April, to go towards Cyzicum: and we will take our way by Macedonia. Out alas! sorrowful wretch that I am! behold, you are a woman, unhealthful, overwearied, and afflicted both in body, and mind. My heart will not suffer me, to entreat you to come. What, can I peradventure refrain from entreating you? Shall I then remain without you? I am resolved to dispose of myself, after this manner. If there be any hope of our return, look to further, and reduce it to some point; that there may be a certainty of what we hope after. But if all hope leave us, come, I beseech thee, howsoever. And of this be assu●'d: if thou art but with me, I shall esteem my unhappy banishment the less burdensome. But what shall become of my Tulliola? I will leave this to your consideration: for I know not how she should be disposed of. But let matters go well, or ill, a way must be devised, that she, poor soul, may not lose her dowry, and together with her dowry, her reputation, which must follow, when she shall want means, requisite ●or her place, and call. And what shall my Cicer● (poor soul, what shall he) do? To speak truth, it were fitting I should always have him within mine arms, and in my bosom Mort, at this present I canno● write, so deep a melancholy surpriseth me. I at●●●d to be aduerti●ed, what you have done: whether you possess any thing, or, (which I f●a●e,) whither you be stripped of all things. As you write, so I hope, that Piso will be very favourable. It boots not, to g●●eue at the setting of your slaves at liberty. It sufficeth that promise is made to your friends that you shall be enabled to recompense their service, as they deserved. Hitherto Orpheu● shows great fidelity; next to him, there's few, or none, that discharge their duties. I have freed mine upon this condition; that if it so happen, that together with our goods we are deprived of their service; they of slaves should become free, if they can have the favour: But if they were left unto us, that they should continue all in their former services, except some few. But this helps nothing. Whereas you exhort me to be of great courage, and to live in good hope of recovering my safety; I pray God our hopes prove not friuolu●. But miserable man, when shall I receive your letters? Who will bring them to me? I would have attended them at Brundisium, but that the Mariners having fair wind and weather, would needs to sea. I will write no further: comfort thyself, my Terentia, the best thou canst. We once lived gloriously; we were of high de●gree; it was not our vice, but our ver●ue, that afflicted us. Herein, it cannot be perceived I any ways erred, but in that together with mine honour, I lost not my life: yet if ou● children be glad, that yet we live, what remains, but with a resolved mind, we should sustain the cruel assaults of our adverse Fortune? I council thee, but not my sel●e. Cl●dius P●il●taerus se●ues me with great fidelity; but because he is troubled wi●h a ●h●um● in his eyes, I have sent him back. Salastius will bear him●elfe better than all the r●st: Pes●●nnius stands greatly affected to me. And I hope, he will ever be ready at your commands. Si●a said he would stay and attend me, but he departed from me at Brundisium. Be as careful as you may of your health; and be assured, th●t your misery doth far more grieve me, than mine own. Terentia, my most faithful, and loving Bed-fellow; Tulliola my most dear daughter; and thou Cicero my last hopes, and comfort, fa●e you all well. From Brundisium, the last of April.   

Cicero to Terentia his wife, and to Tulliola his daughter. Epist. 5.  
I Hope you and Tulliola (dear Soul;) are as well as I, and my sweetest Ci●ero. We came to Athens the xiv. of October, having had a very dangerous Navigation, and very slow, through contrariety of Winds. At my landing, Acastus came unto me with letters, one and twenty days after their date. Questionless he came very speedily. I received yours; And I answer, that whereas you doubted, that those you formerly wrote, had never been delivered me, you shall understand, I have received them all: and I take great contentment, that you have so diligently advertised me of every thing. The last, which Acastus brought, are brief: neither do I wonder at it: for, it may be you daily expect my coming; or to say better, that we shall come together. And questionless, we are also very desirous, to see you with the first opportunity. Although, hearing in what state the Commonwealth now stands, I see too evidently, that we shall come in the midst of great troubles: and by the letters of sundry friends, sent unto me by Acastus, me thinks, I perceive, that this civil controversy must be ended with Arms. So that as soon as ever I come, I shall be enforced to discover my affection. But, seeing we are to come, we will use all diligence to come most speedily, to the end we may have more time, to deliberate about this matter; and consequently to resolve with greater wisdom. I desire, that you would come as far hitherward as you can, to meet me; so you may do it, without your inconvenience. Touching the Praetian inheritance, (which doubtless, is an occasion to me of great grief, considering this benefit accrues unto me by the death, of a man whom I heartily loved) Take order, in case the outcry be made before my arrival, that Pomponius may take into his hands the portion that belongs to us: and if Pomponius cannot attend it, procure Camillus to take upon him the charge thereof. What remains further to be done, we will perform at our coming. And though peradventure at the receipt of these, you are upon the way to meet us; yet forbear not to procure the performance of what I have written. We by gods help hope to be in Italy about the midst of November. You, my sweetest and most desired Terentia, and you Tulliola; if you love us, endeavour to preserve yourselves. From Athens, the xviij. of October. Farewell.   

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 6.  
WE neither meet with often messenger's, n●r m●tters to ●rite of by your former letters, I understood, that ●ou could not make ●ale, of any po●●es●i●●. Wherefore I would have yo● find so●e means to satisfy him, whom, you know, I would not have unsatisfied. Whereas our friend thanks you; I wonder no●, that you deserve thanks: and deserving it, I as little wonder that she thanks you. If Pollex be not yet d●parted, by all means dispatch him, without delay. And be careful of your health: the tv. of july. Farewell.   

Cicero to Terentia his wife. Epist. 7.  
I Have put off, and abandoned all pensive molestation, which, not without mine intolerable discontentment, gave me to conceive, that you were in misery; together with our Tulliola, dearer than my life unto me. And I knew the reason of the evil, the day after I left you. In the night I vomited a quantity of mere cho●er, and a●te● it I began to feel myself so well, as I thought, some God had cured me. And therefore in acknowledgement thereof, render you unto the same God, condign thanks, with a religious, and pure heart, as you are accustomed. I hope I have gotten a commodious ship: wherein being embarked, I wrote these; which ended, I will write to many of our friends, and recommend unto them with all possible care, both you, and Tu●●iola. I would exhort you, to endure constantly the assaults of Fortune, were you not more resolved than any man whatsoever. Besides, I hope matters are come to such a pass, that you may remain there most commodiously, and that I once again may come thither, to defend the Commonwealth, together with mine equals. If you would give me contentment, first be careful of your health: then, if you think good, continued in those villages, where there is no fear of the soldiers. If corn grow dear, you may conveniently reside, with your City servants in Arpinas. Our sweet Cice●o sends you a thousand salutations. And I, a double farewell. The ●ij. of june.   

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 8.  
IF you have your health, as I have; all goes well. If you desire to gi●e me content, be very chary of yourself. For 'tis written to me, and delivered for certain, that a fever took you presently after my departure. In that you certified me of Caesar's letters, you did me a pleasure. Likewise hereafter if need shall require, when there is any news, let me know it. Have a care of your health. The xi. of june. Farewell.   

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 9  
THe infirmities of Dolabella, and of Tullia, add new miseries to mine old ones. I know not now, what course to take, nor what to do, I am so beleaguered with molestations. Endeavour to preserve your health, together with our Tullia. Farewell.   

Cic●ro to his wife Terentia. Epist. 10.  
I Wrote my mind to Pomponius, more lately than was requisite. Speaking with him, you shall understand my will. I did not think good to write more plainly, having to write to him. I pray you, about this present business, and of other occurrents, let me forthwith be advertised. Look precisely to your health. The 9 of julie. Farewell.   

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 11.  
IF you be, as I am, in health, 'tis well. Our Tu●●ia came hither the xiii. of june, whose coming did not only not diminish my grief, but infinitely increased it. Should I not lament, that so loving and constant a daughter, by my negligence, is fallen into this misfortune: whereas, for the fervent love she bears me, and for her rare qualities, she deserved a fortune much more fortunate. I was in the mind, to send Cicero to Caesar, and C●eius Salus●ius with him. If he go, I will give you notice. Be careful, with all diligence, to preserve yourself. Farewell: The xv. of june.   

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 12.  
YOu rejoice at our being arrived safe in Italy, and I desire this your joy may be perpetual. But daunted in part, with the grief of public ruins, and partly by injuries, unworthily received, I have taken such a course, as I doubt of the end. Wherefore, aid us as much as you can. But what can you do? For my part, I know not. It is not material for you, at this time, to put your sel●e on the way; first, it is long, and dangerous: Besides, I see not what help your coming will afford us. Farewell: Brun●usium, the iiij. of November.   

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 13.  
IT is true, that before, I wrote unto you about a divorce; bu●, because I know not wh●th●r this man may easily raise the people, or, whether the people have any di●po●ion to an innovation, I advertise you, discreetly to weigh the action. For, as we may fear him, in case he should be provoked: so, on the contrary, we may hope, th●t he may be the author of our quietness. Howsoever: In this so lamentable a case, take that course which is least lamentable. Farewell. The x. of julie.   

Cicero to Ter●ntia his wife, and to Tulliola his young daughter. Epist. 14.  
'TIs well with us, if you be well. You must not hereafter expect, that I should advise you, what cou●se to take, in that ●ou may herein couns●ll yourselves. If he come to Rome, with an intention, to permit nothing to be done, otherwise than what's b●sitting, it will not be much out of the way, for you now, to keep still at home: but if he come inflamed with fury, and resolved to sack the City; I believe in that case, Dolabella himself would hardly be able to preserve you. And besides this, you must consider, that in delaying your departure, the ways may be all so laid, that then you cannot go when you would. Above all, you must observe, whether any wom●n of your quality continue in Rome: which you may better inform yourselves of then I. And if none remain, for my part, I see not how you can stay there with your honour. Howsoever the matter go: so the government of these quarters be left unto me, this will be a very convenient residence for you, & you may either reside together with me in the towns, or in your Granges. And besides the reasons above mentioned, I must needs likewise acquaint you with this, that I fear within few days, there will grow a great dearth within the City. Communicate with Pomp●nius, and Camillus about all things, and by whom you think good, be advised: but in any wise, be of a resolute mind: The coming of Labienus stood us in great stead. Piso also here assists us; For, he attends not his son in law, Caesar's coming into the City, but he terms him Impious, and leaves Rome, because he would not see him. You, my dearest souls, write often unto me, both what you do, and how matters pass there about. My brother, and his son, and Rufus, salute you. Fare ye well: From Minturnae, the xxiv. of june.   

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 15.  
SOme days since I wrote unto you, that I was determined to send Cicero to meet Caesar: but since I changed my mind, having no certainty of his coming. For other matters, though there be no news, nevertheless, from Si●●, you shall understand my mind and advice, how we are to bear ourselves at this present. Tullia shall now remain with me. Preserve your health carefully. Farewell: The xx. of june.   

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 16.  
THough the times are such, as it is not material, that either I should expect your letters, or you mine. Nevertheless, I daily look for them, and whensoever I h●ue opportunity, I likewise write unto you, and I know not why. Velutina should h●ue been more officious to y●u, than sh●● hath been: and ●hat little s●e hath don●, she might h●ue p●r●or●'d it mo●e diligently, and w●●h gr●●te● caution. But what imports this? there ●re other ma●ters of greater consequence and grea●er molestation: which procure ●e tha●●ffliction, which they ar● gla● of, ●hat have beaten me from m●●e own opinions. Be careful of you● health: The iiij. of januarie.   

Cicero to Terentia his wife. Epist. 17.  
IF I had any thing to write, I would do it freely, and very often. You now see, to what pass matte●s are brought. But how I am a●fected, yo● may know of Leapt and Trebatius. ●ee you have a care of your own health, and Tullia's. Farewell.   

Cicero to Terentia his wife, and to Tu●●iola his daughter. Epist. 18.  
I Beseech you, dear souls, to be we●l advised, what you mean to do, whether to remain in Rome: or to come and live with me in some secure place. It belongs not only to me, bu● to you also, to take some course herein. Me thinks you may continue securely in R●me, by Dolabelia's protection: through whose means, if any violence, or rapine should begin, you might have a way to preserve your goods, and persons. But on the other side, I fear; seeing all good men are out of Rome, and have their women wi●h them. So that it would not b●e mu●h amiss, that you should come to m●e in the●e parts, which are under my Government; where you might remain with me, during your pleasure; and when you would depart, you may be secure in our Gu●ris●ns. In conclusion, I cannot discern which is the better course. Observe you, what other Gentlewomen do; and t●ke heed, ●hat you be not enforced to stay, when ●ou would be gone. Consider thereupon very advisedly amongst yourselves, and with our friends. Cause Philotimus to make Bulwarks about the house, & place a Guard about it. And I pray you take up Corrier's of purpose: to the end, no day may pass, without receiving letters from you. And above all things, as you desire our healths, look to your own. From Formiae: The xx. of januarie.   

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 19  
AMongst other exc●eding great sorrows, the sickness of our Tullia goes very near me. Of whom it imports not, that I write any thing else unto you, being assured, that you have as great a care of her, as I have. Whereas you desire, that I would come nearer hand, I see it requisite, and had already done so, but that I met with many impediments, which as yet a●e not removed But I expect letters from Pomponius, which I pray you convey presently unto me●. Tender your health.   

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 20.  
WE think to be at Tusculanum, within ten, or eleven days. See every thing be there provided: for it may so fal● out, that we may bring many with us: and I believe, we shall continue there sometime together. If there be not a bathing ●ub within the stove; let one be gotten: as also all other necessaries, that belong either to nourish, or preserve us. Farewell: The xxviij. of September.   

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 21.  
I Should be glad you were in health as I was at the writing hereof. Endeavour to grow strong again. M●ke provision of things necessary. Let us have them according to the ●imes. And advertise me of al● occurrents. Farewell.   

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 22.  
I Should be glad, etc. We daily expect your Corrier's: when they come, w●e shall peradventure conceive what we are to do, and will presently acquaint you. Be very careful of your health. Farewell: The first of September.   

Cicero to his wife Ter●ntia. Epist, 23.  
IF you be, as I am, all's well. Hitherto I can hear no certainty, either of Caesar's coming, or of the letters, which they say, Phil●timus hath. When the truth is known, I will forthwith advertise you. Be carefully respective of your health. The eleventh of August.   

Cicero to his wife Ter●ntia. Epist. 24.  
IF you be as I am, all's well I have at length received letters from Caesar, full of love and courtesy: and 'tis reported, he will be here, sooner than is imagined. When I have made my determination, You shall know, whether I mean to meet him; or expect him. Dispatch the Corrier's with all expedition. And be very careful of your health. Farewell: The x●j. of August.    

THE FIFTEENTH BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Cicero vice-consul, to the Consuls, Praetors, Tribunes of the people; Senate, and people of Rome. Epist. 1.  
IF you be well, etc. But that I thought Marcus Bibulus vice-consul, could have given you cert●ine information, of the events succeeded in his Province: I would not have omitted, so soon as the news was brought me, speedily to advertise you, that the Parthians with almost their whole forces, had passed over Euphrates. Though this were reported to me for a certain truth: y●t I thought it not my office, to write unto you of the particulars of another man's Province. But perceiving the same news, every day more verified, and that it was a matter of that consequence; and because we did not hear that Bibulus was come into Syria; and besides all this, in that the managing of this war, appertained as it were unto us both: I judge it requisite to give you advertisement thereof. The Ambassadors of King Antiochus Commagenus, were the first, that certified me● of a great Army of Parthians, passing over Euphrates. Having heard this, some being of opinion, that credit should not be so suddenly given to the foresaid King, I thought it expedient to attend a while, till tidings might arrive of greater certainty. The nineteen. of September, conducting mine Army into Cilicia, between the confines of Lycaonia, and Cappadocia, letters were delivered me, from King Tarcondim●tus, who hath report to be as faithful an associate of the people of Rome, or more trusty, than any beyond Mount Taurus. Wherein, he gave me to understand, how Pacorus, son to Orodes, King of the Parthians, was passed Euphrates, with a mighty cavalry, and encamp●ed himself under Ty●a. And th●t great tumults were raised through all Syria. The selfsame day, I received letters to the same effect, from jamblicus th'- Arabians Phyla●●: Who is thought to be well affected, and a friend to our Commonwealth. These news being heard; though I had little security, of the doubtful valour of our associates, who would take no notice thereof, expecting ●ome present innovation: yet I hoped that they were become somewhat more friendly to the people of Rome, amongst whom I had already been, and who by oryall, had found our integrity, and clemency: and that Cilicia might the better be confirmed in loyalty, if it had but some proof of our equity. And to this effect, and for the suppressing of those Cili●ians who were in arms; and to make the enemy who was in Syria to conceive, that the Roman● Army, did not only not draw back, as daunted by these rumours, but also advanced, as resolved to vanquish, I began to march with the Army towards Mount Taurus. It is not requisite to relate unto you, in what state these Provinces are, in that you had other means to understand it. But if my authority be of any esteem with you, in those things especially, which you have heard, and whereof I am an eye witness. I would advise you to send succours hither, which though they shall come later than was convenient, yet is it good to s●nd them. You know that I came to the government of this Province, with little strength, though so dangerous a war was feared, as now is expected. And though I knew myself weakly provided, to defend it; yet for mine honour's sake, I would not refuse such a charge, preferring your authority, before any disaster that might befall mee● And now, seeing that to succeed, which was feared, I inform you, that if you send not in defence of th●se countries, as great an Army as you use to send to those places, that are pestered with wars of greatest consideration. You are in danger to loose ●he●e Provinces, which you well know to be of weighty consequence to the Roman people. Neither must you put any confidence in the soldiers that are here, for they are but few; and these few, cannot look the enemy in the face. And they have gruen so bad a trial of themselves, that Marcus Bibulus, being in Asia, in great want of men, as a very prudent man, would not entertain them, although he had your licence to that effect. We can hope for little from our friend's, for, having been pillaged, and oppressed by our governors, they are either so weak, that they can afford us no aid, or bear us such an hatred, as it would be mere ●olly, to ●●ust to them in any enterprise. King D●iota●us is with all his forces at our command. Cappadocia is empty. The other Kings and Princes, cannot do much, neither are they willing. I will not be discouraged, though I want soldiers. And I hope, I shall not want direction. Th'event is uncertain. God grant we may come off with safety; for I make no doubt of honour. Farewell.   

Cicero vice-consul, to the Consuls, Praetors, Tribunes of the people: Senate and people of Rome. Epist. 2.  
I Could not arrive in my Province be●ore the last of August; through the difficulty of my journey, as w●ll by sea, as by land. But being come thither, I began presently to view the Arm●e, and to furnish it with what was necessary. And though I had but weak means, yet having respect to that which you enjoined me, I wrought so, that by mine industry, and diligence, I provided it of all things necessary. This being done, news, and letters coming every hour, how the Parthians were come down into Syria, with all their forces: I resolved to march by Lycaonia, by th' Isaur●, and through Cappadocia; fearing much, lest the Parthians might get out of Syria, and fall into my Province. Whereunto they had an open way, marching by Capadocia, which is an open passage. And doing as I determined, I took my way through that part of Cappad●cia, that confineth v● on Cilicia. And coming with my Army to a certain town called Cybistra, lying on the side of Mount Taurus, there ● encamped; to the end that Artuasdes king of the Arme●●ans might know, howsoever he were affected, that the Roman Army was upon his confines. And besides this, to have the supportation of King D●i●tarus, a loyal friend to our Commonwealth, Who by his counsel, and force might greatly assist us. Here therefore pitching our Tents, for the speedy receiving of advertisements out of Syria, and sending my Cavallarie into Cilicia, that the Cities there, perceiving my arrival; might the rather persever in their fidelity; I stayed there for the space of three days: Which I spent in a very important, and necessary office. Which was● that I offered myself to king Ariobarzanes, a very just King, and friend to the Romans, promising him ●ll aid and succour, for the defence of himself, and of his kingdom: and causing him to understand, how affectionately you had recommended him unto me, and with how great honour to himself, you seemed to hold him in high esteem: in that the Roman Senate, never used so loving an action to any king, as they had done to him, giving him no slender testimony of the affection you bear him, and of his own worth, for which you reputed him worthy of your protection. The King having heard this Embassy, he began, fi●st, to thank you in the best manner he could, and then myself; taking it for a great grace, and wonderful honour, ●hat the Senate, and people of Rome, should have so great a ca●e of his safety, and that I used so much diligence to let him know it. And so proce●ding in his discourse, he told me to my great contentment, how he ●●ued fre● from all fear, and suspicion, as well of his life, as of his kingdom, whereat re●oycing with him, and expressing the conten●ment of mind I felt thereby I exhorted him to be mindful of the horrible accident of his father's death, and carefully to look to himself, and by our advice to lay fo● his own safet●e. After this, taking le●ue of me, he returned to Cybistr●. The day after he came much disturbed, and lamenting to me in my Tents, togethers with Ariar●thes hi● brother, and with his father's ancientest friend's, who lamented no less than himselve; and having pitifully demanded aid of me, I cast with myself, what might be the meaning thereof. And ●e at larg● laid open unto me the occasion; inferring, how certain practices were discovered, intended against him. Wh●ch hitherto had lain hid, in respect, that they who might have revealed them, for fear had concealed them. And though they saw themselves freed of the danger, yet they f●ared to discover them; but being secured in my power, they boldly made them known. And amongst these was his loving, and courteous brother: who also in my presence affirmed, how he had been provoked to make a way to the kingdom, by his brother's death, in that he could not reign while he lived: but for fear of worry, he never revealed it to him before my arrival: which procured such security, that these treasons came to be discovered. Understanding the matter, I entreated the king to be circumspect, and to use all means and endeavour, for the preservation of his life & State: And I exhorted those faithful friends and followers, who were so beloved of his father, that bearing in mind, the disastrous accident befallen the old King, with all care and vigilancy, they should intend the preserving of this man present. Hereupon the King requesting me, to lend him a part, of my horse, and infantry, though I had not only ample licence from you, but also strict injunction, that so I might, and should do: yet the necessities of the Commonwealth enforcing me, to conduct my Army upon the confines of Cilicia, without interposing any delay, for the bad news which every day came out of Syria; and supposing the King able enough to defend himself, without the succour of my Army, in that the treacheries were now made known: I persuaded him, that the first demonstration of himself to be a king was, to preserus his own life; then that he should be a severe persecutor of whomsoever had committed any treason against his person; that he should punish the heads of the conspiracy; and bear himself cheerfully to others, for the rooting of all suspicion out of their minds. And that he would rather make use of mine Army, to daunt the courage of the delinquents, than any ways to contest with th●m. Hereunto, adding, that your decree would be of so great force; that no man d●●st innou●te any thing; they conceiving, that I had express commission from you to aid him, and to cur●e their insolency, that plotted against him. And after I had with lively reasons persuaded him to be of good courage, I raised my Camp from the foresaid place, directing my march towards Cilicia. And so I departed out of Capp●do●ia, having miraculously preserved both the life, and state of Ariobarzanes. Whom, you had prudently recommended unto me, granting him first, out of your own freewill, the tit●e of a King, by decrees full of affection. Wherein you showed the great care you took of his safety; whereof I thought good to give you notice, that you might understand, how you, by your circumspection prevented a great evil, which ere long, would have produced wicked effects. And I write the more willingly to you he●reof, because me thinks I discerned in king Ariobarzanes, so many, and such like signs, of wit, fidelity, and love, as it may be conceived, that not without special reason, you took so principal a care of his well doing. Fare you well.   

Cicero to Marcus Cato. Epist. 3.  
THE third of September, the Ambassadors of king Antiochus Commagenus came unto me there, where I had pitched under Iconium, bringing news, how the son of the Parthian king, kinsman to the king of the Armenians, with an innumerable company of Paribians, and a great number also of other nations, was come to the banks of Euphrates, & had already begun to transport his Soldiers. Hereunto annexing, how it was reported, that the king of Armenia would make some incursion into Cappadocia, whereof I was desirous to advertise you, for our friendship's sake, not being willing to write publicly thereof, for two reasons; one because the Ambassadors informed me, that the foresaid king Commagenus, presently dispatched messengers to the Senate with letters, wherein he certified them of all: th'other, because I made reckoning that Marcus Bibulus, vice-consul, being departed from Ephesus, ever since the midst of August, and having had fair winds, was now come into his Province, and so consequently, with greater certainty, might write unto the Senate, of the events of Syria. And because I see all other means excluded, of defending these Countries; I labour to purchase the love, & good will of the people, and to keep our Colleaga●es in fidelity. And nothing else occurring worthy of information, I beseech you to love, and favour me, as you were won● to do. Farewell.   

Cicero to Marcus Cato. Epist. 4.  
BEing resolved, to make a suit unto the Senate, which questionless in itself, is just and honest; nevertheless, I thought fit therein to use your authority as an instrument: knowing what favour, and assistance, the rare qualities of your mind may afford me: which have brought you into such reputation with every man, that your means in obtaining any great matter of moment, are exceeding powerful. And to this effect, I was desirous in this present letter, fully to advertise you, of the course I took, to retain the amity of our associats; and of the justice, and Charity, which I showed to their Sub●ectes: hoping that by this way, I should more easily incline you, to favour me. The last of july I was in my Province, and perceiving how it was a season, to repair to the Army without any delay: I stayed only in Laod●cea three days, in Apameae four, three in Sinadis: and as many more in Philomelum: and leaving in all these towns multitudes of soldiers. I disburdened many other Cities, who were surcharged with intolerable tributes, and heavy usuries: and cleared them of infinite debts unsufferable; growing by taxations, which were imposed upon them, beyond all reason. And because the Army, was dissevered, through a certain disorder, growing before my arrival; upon which cause, five Cohorts of it, were withdrawn, under Philomelum, without either Legate, or Tribune; and finally, without so much as a Centurion; the remainder of the Army lying in Lycaonia, I gave Commission to Marcus Anneius th● Legate, to reconduct the said cohorts thither, where the others were: and so knitting together the whole Army, that he ●hould encamp himsel●e there in Lycaonia, under Iconium. After, he having performed all things according to mine order given him, I came to the Camp, the xxvi. of August: having first drawn together, a good number of the best foreign soldiers I could take up, both foot, and horse, besides those, which were voluntarily offered me, by the free Nations, & those Kings, who are in league with us. In the mean while having mustered my men, I directed my m●rch towards Cilicia. And the first of September being on my way, Ambassadors overtook m●, from king Commagenus, which being all astonished, & fraught with fear, related to me for a certain truth, how the Parthians were passed into Syria; whereat my mind was wonderfully troubled, in respect of Syria, and mine own Province, and briefly, in respect of all Asia. Wherefore I resolved too, to hold on my way by that part of Cappad●cia, which confineth with Cilicia; perceiving that if I should fall into Cilicia, I might easily de●end it, through the natural si●uation of Mount Amanus, (for there are but only two entries, out of Syria into Cilicia, and both of them are narrow, that with a very few men, the enemy's passage may be stopped, and on the part of Syria, Cilicia could not be better fortified) but Cappadocia I feared: because it lay open to Syria, and is exposed to the danger, that might accrue from bordering kings. Who, though they be our friends, yet dare they not manifest themselves, enemies to the Parthians. Therefore, in the furthest part of Cappad●cia, not far from Mount Taurus, under the town of Cybistra, I encamped; both to defend Cilicia, and to supplant the new designs o● bord●ring Nations, holding Cappadocia. And in the mean time, ●umors on all sides being spread, and a great war expected, king ●●●●tarus, a wise, and v●lian● man, (of ●hom b●●h you, & I, together with the whole S●●at●, had ever a singular good conceit, ha●ing found him upon all occasions faithful, a●d w●ll affected to the people of R●me,) sent Ambassadors to me, informing me, that he would come with all h●s Forces into my Campe. Wher●pon, I, being moved, through so loving and courteous a demonstration, gave him thanks by letters, exhorting him to hasten his coming as much as was possible● and having stayed at Cybistra five days, to furnish myself of things necessary for the war, I delivered king Ario●a●z●nes from an imminent peril, which be●ore he had not perceived. And, being recommended to me, at your request by the Senate, I did not only procure his safety, but so effected, that he might cause himself to be both obeyed, and feared. Besides this, I prevailed so far with the same King, that he showed favour to Metra, and that Athen●us, whom you so seriously recommended to me. Who through the malice of Athenaides had been banished: so that he now maintains them about him, in gre●t, and honourable fashion. And perceiving what war, might e●sue, between king Ariobarzan●s, and the Priest, if the Priest with Arms meant to defend himself: as the common opinion was he would do, being a powerful young man, and furnished with horse & foot, and which imported most, with money, being favoured by th●m, that affected innovation; I caused ●im to depart out of the kingdom, and so accommodated ●he King's affairs, as without tumult, or Arms, he might bear● him●elfe as a King, and live without any jealousy, keeping a royal guard within his Palace. In the mean ●pace, by letters received from diverse; and by messengers arrived, I understood, how a great Army of the Parthians, and Arabians, made approach to Antiochia: and that a great troop of their horse, who were gotten into Cilicia, were discomfited and hewn in pieces, by my cavalry, and Praetorian Infantry, who we●e of the guarison of Epiphanea. Whereupon, seeing that the Parthia: Nation, giving over the enterprise of Cap●adocia, drew near to Cilicia; with great days journeys, I conducted the Army towards Mount Amanus: whither being come, I had advertisement, how th● enemy was ris●n from before An●iochi●, & Bibulus was 〈◊〉 thereinto. And hearing that D●●●tarus wa● hasting towards me, with a strong Cavalry, and Infantry, and multitude of Forces: I sent him word, that I now saw no ne●d, why he shoul● remove himself so far f●om his kingdom: but upon any occurrent, I wou●d suddenly give him notice. Af●●r these events, retaining a firm resolution, to pacify the people of Mount Amanus, and to expel them, that ever w●re enemies, though I came with an intention, to secure both the one, and other Province, if the time permitted: nevertheless, I judging, that this would redound to the benefit of both those Provinces; I thought it most expedient to bring my determination ●o effect. And therefore making a show of departing from the said Mountain, and removing about a day's journey off: and pitching my tents under Epiphan●a, the xii. o● October, about the shutting in of the ●uening, I, with the most active of my soldiers advanced: and so marching all night, at break of day, we ascended the mountain; and d●●●ding the Army, part remained under mine, and my brother's command, part I committed to Caius P●ntinius, and the rest I left to Lu●i●● An●cius, and Lucius Tullius, who are all the Legates I have: and so marching on in thi●●quipage, we ass●i●●d the enemies on a sudden: of whom some were slain, some ●aken, having no time left them for flight. P●ntinius beleaguered Erana: Which being the Metropolitan of Amanu●● may rather be termed a city, than a Burrow; and moreover, Sepyra, and Commoris. Which town●s were very strong, de●ending themselves resolutely. But yet they were so oppressed, that in the end with great● slaughter of the enemies, they were taken. And this assault beginning before day light, continued till two hours within the night. Besides ●his, we took six small towns, and burned diverse others. After these effects ensued, we pitched at the foot of Amanus, called by the name of Al●xanders Altars; in which place, staying some four days, we spent the time in extinguishing our enemies, and in foraging, and wasting that part of Am●nus, which lies against my Province. These things being performed, I conducted mine Army within sight of Pindenissus, a Burrow of privileged Cilicians. Which is seated upon a very high mountain, a place inexpugnable, and inhabited by men, who always scorned ●o be governed by their own Kings, much less by others. And perceiving that they gave receptacle to all that fl●d, making op●n defence, through hope they had, that ●he Parthians would arrive to their succour: me thought the honour of the Roman sovereignty, spurred me forward, to suppress their insolency, that others thereat might be astonished, who stood ou● stiff against our dominion. I therefore impaled, and entrenched them, and I beleaguered them, with six Bulwares, and encamped about them, with as great an extent as I was able. And I oppugned it with Countermures, shelters, and tourrets. And so, battering it with diverse engines, and assailing it with Crossbow shot, with great labour, and without any disturbance, or charge to our Associates, I took it, within the space of less than two months. For they within, perceiving the City burnt, and ruined on every side, out of necessity yielded themselves. A little beyond, are the Tibarani, as wicked and audacious as the former. Who hearing of the taking in of Pindenissus, sent me hostages. And then I dismissed the Army, (winter being now come on,) to their several quarters. And gave charge to Quintus my brother, that he should disperse the Army, in the taken, and suspected Burroughs. Now be assured, I shall repute it for a great honour, if, when these my actions are related to the Senate, you will but approve, that a thankful demonstration may be made thereof. And, ●hough I know it to be the custom, o● ma●ure, and qualified men, to employ one another in such like cases, and to add their ●arnest entreaties: nevertheless, I think it may suffice me, only to have given you information thereof. Calling to mind, how many times, you have with your sentences, favoured me, in how many places exalted, and honoured, and upon how many occasions benefitted me: your words I ever esteemed of such power, that when soever you commended me, I was sure to compass all my pretences. And finally, I remember, when not minding to grant the celebration of a public feast, unto a famous man, and endued with singular integrity; you said you would grant it him, if it were demanded for ma●ters effected by him, as Consul in the City. And the same honour you yielded to me in my gown: not by virtue of Arms, as it was granted to many: but, (as never any had it;) for my Country's preservation. I forbear to allege, how for my sake, you cared not to excite against yourself many enemies, to expose yourself to many perils, and to resist the violence of my Fortunes. Which you were ready to oppose, even ●o the end, if I had been so pleased. And last of all, that you reputed mine, your enemy; whose death you also approved, defending Milo's cause, in the open Senate. So that I might easily perceive, how worthily you esteemed o● me On my p●rt, I will not now produce the good offices, I ever performed for you; but only ●n affectionate inclination towards you: Through which, I was enforced not alone, to reverence you in heart, and imitate your example, and your virtues, (For, there's none that doth not so much) but in all my actions, in al● my writings, as well Greek, as Latin; and bre●fly in all those Sciences, wherein I exercised myself, I could not, but prefer you before all men, aswell those, whom we know by sight, as those whom fame hath given us notice of. You will, peradventure, demand of me, what the reason is, I make so great an account, of receiving this favour from the Senate? To which, I will freely answer, because I think I can, & aught so to do; aswell by reason of our studies, as for our inward friendship, and also for the domestical familiarity, that hath ●eene betwixt our fathers. If ever there were a man, that by nature, (neigh, (●f mine own affection deceive me not) that out of judgement and learning) never relished the vain praises, that are given by the vulgar; I certainly am that man. And thereof my Consulship can give testimony; wherein, as in all my life past, I confess, I h●ue practised those courses, from whence a true glory might ari●e unto me. Bu● yet I was ever of this opinion, that glory should should not be affected. And that this is true: refused I not, the Province assigned to me by the Senate? Which, being munified, and secure, yielded me me undoubted hope● of a Triumph. And when I might with little labour, have obtained the augural dignity, as you cannot but conceive; did I not contemn it? but after I received that injury, which notwithstanding, turned to my great renown; although you ever termed it the ruin of the Commonwealth; I applied all my endeavour, that the Senate and people of Rome, might favour me, with all titles of honour, for a sign, as it were, of mine innocence. Whereupon, afterwards I took upon me the Augureship, which at first I cared not for: and the same honour, which the Senate is accustomed to grant those men, that by arms have augmented the State of the Commonwealth, heretofore by me contemned; I now seek, that with just title it may be also relucent in me. And to the end, my mind may be herein satisfied, (and in this may b●e perceived a little spark of desire, to cure the wound of my received injury;) Though before I told you, I would not entreat you, to lend me your aid, and help; now, with my whole hea●t, I request your furtherance. But not, unless my actions at this present be such, as do not only not seem frivolous; but of that moment, that many have for matters of less consequence, been with greatest honours, by the Senate dignified. And surely, if I have truly observed your renowned virtues, as in effect I have (for you know, with what vigilant attention, I use even to collect your words) I conceive, amongst the rest, how you were wont, not only to look into the actions of Captains valiantly achieved, but also into their customs, life, and institutions: and consequently, to honour them, according as th●se qualities were in them, more, or less resplendent. Which, if you please to consider in my actions, you shall discern, that to prevent the rebelling of those people, who perceiving so great a war ready to ruin them, would presently have revolted; I betook myself to the safeguard of equity and moderation: And by these stratagems, I have compassed such designs, as by no Army were ever achieved: having drawn these Associates ●o our amity, who were our capital enemies: and reunited ●hose subjects with our dominion; who, perceiving things in a commotion, were alienated; expecting to what part, Fortune would be inclined. I know not what conceit hath transported me further than was requisite; especially with you, to whose ears, the complaints of all those people come, which are our Associates. Of the above-mentioned succes●es, they will plentifully inform you, who think themselves reestablished by mine ordinance. And omitting to allege, that there is not any one man, who will not concur with me, in making a faithful relation of my events; They of the Isle of Cyprus, and the Kingdom of Cappadocia, shall be the men, who shall speak unto you, in my commendation. The like will be done, as I suppose, by your especial friend, King Deiotarus. These put all together, cannot peradventure, speak so far, that they can with words, add any thing to the effects. But because in all ages, there was a lesser number of those that could subdue their own appetites, then of those, that knew how to vanquish an enemy; certainly, you ought to repute my operations the greater, and more just, comparing with the excellency of arms, these parts which are more rare, and found with greater difficulty. I will not proceed to more efficacious entreaties But, as it were, distrusting to be heard, I will call Philosophy to mine aid, which is the dearest thing that I esteem in the world, and the most worthy gi●t, that ever the Gods bestowed upon humane generation. This communion therefore of studies, whereby (, both of us, having from our childhood, applied all our thoughts and endeavours thereunto); we have almost alone, brought that ancient & true Philosophy, (which some hold, to taste of sloth & idleness,) into the Forum, and Commonwealth, & almost into the army; shall preach my deserts unto you: which, I suppose, Cato cannot (but unlawfully) deny. Wherefore assure yourself; that if it so happen, that the Senate, through your persuasion, grant me this honour; I shall repute, I have attained to my intention, by the means I most desired, that is, by the love you bear me, and your own authority. Farewell.   

Marcus Cato to Cicero, Imperator. Epist. 5.  
Having understood of the vigilant care you have taken of the people committed to your charge, and the justice you have executed in your government: & your zeal, in procuring their happiness. I have found such contentment therein, as our friendship, and the love I bear unto my Country, requireth. Which, notwithstanding, to me is no new thing, nor to any that have known the divine form by you observed, in the Regiments of Rome. wherefore, not thinking it fit, that your praises should be concealed, having with innocence, and good counsels, defended the Province, preserved the Kingdom of Ariobarzanes, with the King himself; & recalled to the obedience of our Empire the Confederates; I spoke openly in the Senate, in testimony of your virtues, which had produced so happy effects. The Senate understanding your desire, according to the ancient order, did deliberate, that all the Temples of the City should be visited. And, if, for that which you have effected, not by any favour of prosperous Fortune, but by means of your own moderation and prudence, you had rather, the people of Rome should give thanks to the immortal Gods, then acknowledge it from yourself: I in like manner rejoice thereat. But if you affect this honour, esteeming it an earnest of your Triumph; And would for this, have us more bowed to Fortune, then to yourself; Know, that Triumph doth not always second such honour. In my opinion, 'tis far greater glory, when the Senate judges, that the Province was maintained and preserved rather by the clemency and sincerity of the Captain, then either by the force of Soldiers, or the God's benignity. And about this point, I have been longer than usual, to make you conceive the great desire I have, to settle you in this opinion; that I have both procured that for you, which in my judgement did accrue most unto your greatness: and that I rejoice, that you have obtained, what you most desired. Farewell. Love us, and as you have begun, prosecute the affairs of the Commonwealth, and our Associates, with diligence, and severity.   

Cicero to Marcus Cato. Ep. 6.  
NAEVIUS, as I remember, by the mouth of Hector, saith; I find, O Father, inestimable contentment, in hearing myself commended by you, a commendable person. The like may I say, who think I have gained wonderful glory, because you congratulate with m●e, for my obtained honour, and much more, in that with the testimony of your opinion, you have praised my actions. For that Fame, which springs from the judgement of some grave man, and one of authority, augmente●h a man's renown and reputation; and eu●ry man presumes, that it proceeds from truest virtue. But what in this I take for a singular favour, and yields me high contentment, is, that I conceive, how in respect of our friendship, you have been most liberal to me of that, which you would willingly have afforded any, for the truth's sake. And if our City, in which, it is a miracle to find one Cato, had not only that one, but did abound in many Cato's, there is no Pomp, nor Triumph so magnificent, which I would not esteem, as nothing in comparison of the praises which you have delivered of me. For, according to my opinion, and in their judgement, who, with discreet and sound understanding, respect the end of true glory: nothing in the world could have added unto my good name so much, as by your speeches hath been added. In which, as I have been advertised from home, you exalted me to heaven. I will not contend, in alleging the reasons, that made me not ambitious; but desirous to purchase unto myself that gen●rall grace, which is so much esteemed; having written thereof at large, in my last letters. And though you infer, ●hat a m●n s●ould not bend to such like respects, this no ways distastes me, for ●'is true, that honours should not be so openly hunted af●er; but when they are offered by the Se●●te, they ought not to be refused. And because it pleaseth me to suppose, that the Senate, in recompense of my labours sustained in the service of the commonwealth, reputes me not unworthy of an ordinary favour. In such a case I desire no other from you, but after you have granted me, what your own judgement implies; that you will also rejoice, if I happen to attain to my desire, as you rejoiced at the honour, which not long since was conferred on me. Whereof I know, you took that contentment which was requisite; in that you were present, at the recording of the decree thereupon passed; considering that such del●berations are usually registered, by the dearest F●iends of that part, whom the Act concerneth. I hope we shall shortly see one another again, and God grant, in a better State, than I can expect of the Commonwealth. Farewell.   

Cicero vice-consul, to Marcus Marcellus Consul. Ep. 7.  
I Am wonderful glad that you obtained the end of your reasonable desire. For your piety towards your friend's, and love towards your country deserved the reputation, which your singular, and excellent virtues in your Consulship have procured you: wherein, you have set up a ladder, as it were, for Caius Marcellus, to mount unto the same degree of dignity. I am assured, there is none in Rome, that will not show himself therewith, as contented as we do. Who being sent by you, to the uttermost bounds of our Empire, do highly exalt you, with just and true praises. For, though I have specially loved you from your childhood; and you have not only satisfied me at all times, and upon any occasion, but also reputed me worthy of all honour: Nevertheless, observing the kind part, that you showed to your brother, & the singular grace that the people of Rome have afforded you: the love I formerly bore you, is manifoldly redoubled. And I will not conceal, how I find ample satisfaction, when I hear from prudent persons, and those worthy of credit, how in all opinions, actions, in all our endeavours and proceedings, we both aim at one mark. Now, if to the other excellent operations of your Consulship, you also add this, that a Successor may forthwith be s●nt me, or that my time be not prorogued, which you limited me by decree, and by the Law, I shall remain highly satisfied. Be careful of your health, and love, and de●end me, as you were accustomed. Touching news of the Parthians, not minding yet to advertise the Senate, I thought not good to write to you thereof: for in writing to the Consul, I might seem, as it were, to write unto the Senate. Farewell.   

Cicero vice-consul, to Caius Marcus, Consul ●lected. Epist. 8.  
TO my wonderful content, I understand you are created Consul; which dignity the Gods felicitate unto you, and advance from good to better: that you may administer it, with your own, and your father's honour, giving such testimonies of your valour, as I desire you should; both because I have found, in the great instability of my fortunes, how heartily you loved me, and also in that the infinite benefits I have received from your ●ather, bind me to lou● you; & consequently to wish you all happiness: he never failing me of his aid and favour, either in my misery or prosperity. Besides, your Mother a virtuous Lady, and of great magnanimity, hath manifested by evident effects the inexplicable good will she bears unto me; having laboured in my safety and honour, with the greatest fervency, that can be required in a wom●n. Wherefore I entreat you, to love and defend m●, while I remain in this government. Farewell.   

Cicero vice-consul, to Marcus Marcellus his Colleague. Epist. 9  
I Am wondrous gl●d, that M●rcellus is made Consul, and that your wishes have taken effect. And no news could have come of greater ●oy unto me not only in respect of himself, but also in judging that your virtue merite●h all felicity. To this may be annexed, that not only when Fortune favoured my affairs, but also when she frowned on me; I made infallible trial of the sincerity o● that affection which you bore me: and finally, I have always found your hou●e, ready to procure my honour, and safet●e, at all times when need required. Wherefore you shall do me a favour, to manifest this my contentment to your wife junia, a most grave and worthy Lady. I beseech you, love, and defend me according to your accustomed manner. Farewell.   

Cicero Imperator, to Caius Marcellus Consul, son to Caius. Epist. 10.  
BEhold, Fortune concurring with our desire; in hau●ng ministered an occasion, whereby the family of the Marcelli, and Marcellini, who, in loving of me, were always of one consent, hath found a means to certify me of the a●●ection which they bore me; You are exalted to the Consulship, which I greatly desired. And in truth, neither could I have had greater hap, then to have a Consul to mine own mind, no● you meet wi●h fitter times, to make me c●pable of your affection: For, I hau●ng performed some service in the behalf of the Commonwealth, it lies in you to manifest, how far you love me, by intimating to the Senate, how worthy I am of commendation; and by persuading them to remunerate my deservings. I would therefore, if you find the S●nate thereunto inclined, that when my letters are read, you would take the pains (as with ease you may,) to procure, that the honourablest decree may be thereupon made that you are able. If the knot which fastens me together with your kindred, were stronger ●hen the chain, that binds me to your friendship, I would choose them for my means. Whom you know, to with me very well, but it imports not. From your father I have received important benefits, and I may truly aver, that never any man s●ewed himself a greater friend to my safety, and honour ●hen he did: your brother observes, and ●●●spects me, as is known to ●ll men. And to include many wo●d● i● on●, your whole family, w●s never flock, to attempt any enterprise, in my favour. And yet for all this, yourself was never inferior to any of yours in loving me. Whereupon with all fervency, I request you really to favour me, and to take upon you, the protection of mine honour; ●●rst, in procuring those honours to be conferred upon me, which forerun a Triumph; and then, in furthering me in any other respect, that shall seem accrueing to my benefit. Farewell.   

Cicero Imperator, to Caius Marcellus Consul. Epist. 11.  
THough the effect itself relateth, how dear my honour was unto you, and how steadfastly you remain the same in your Consulship, that you always wear amongst the rest of your house, and kindred: yet the letters also of all my friends do ratify the same. Wherefore I find myself so much bound unto you, as there is no travail so great, which I would not most readily, and cheerfully put myself upon for your benefit. For the person to whom a man stands bound, is a matter of great moment; and I was ever glad to reamaine obliged unto you, to whom, both through the same profession of letters, and for benefits received from your father, and yourself I am much endeared. Besides, that loving band, which ties us with a stronger knot; in that you have ever discharged your place and dignity, to the benefit of the Commonwealth, is a thing that I love above all other things. So that I refuse not to stand so far bound unto you, as all good citizens are engaged. And I pray, Fortune to send you that issue of your honour, which you deserve, and I hope will follow you. I am in hope that shortly, we shall see one another, so we be not opposed by the southern winds. Whereof I am in great fear, because now is their proper season. Farewell.   

Cicero Imperator, to Lucius paulus elected Consul. Ep. 12.  
THough I never doubted, but that the people of Rome in recompense of your infinite deserts, and for the nobility of your blood, would with singular favour, and general suffrages, create you Consul: nevertheless, being at this present certified of so acceptable and pleasing news, it possesseth my hea●t with an incredible delightfulness. And I pray the Gods to prosper you in such a dignity, and vouchsafe you means to discharge it with that honour, as belongs to your esteem, and the degree of your progenitors. I would I had been present that happy day to have assisted you as I ever desired: and that with my diligence, and endeavour, I might have wiped out some pa●t, of that great obligation, wherein I stand bound unto you. Which opportunity, being taken from me, by this unexpected, and sudden accident, because I was to depart to the government of my Province: I request at you● hands as a special favour, that you will effectually labour, and procure that no wrong may be done me; which is, that the due time assigned for my Office be not prorogued; that I may thereby arrive in such a time, as I may taste the contentment, of your excellent government. And favouring me herein, I will annex this benefit to your many others. Farewell.   

Cicero Imperator, to Lucius Paulus Consul. Epist. 13.  
FOR diverse respects I could have wished, I had been in Rome with you; but principally, that both in demanding and managing your Consulship, you might have discerned the good affection, that deservedly I bear unto you. True it is, that I was ever certain, that in your petition you would find no obstacle at all: but yet I would have been glad upon such an occasion, to have manifested some loving demonstration. And in your consulship, though it be my desire, that you should not encounter with many troubles: yet do I much distaste, that in exchange of so many favours, which being a young man I have received from you, I at these years should not have the power, to return you some such gratitude, as is befitting. But I think it was a certain influence of the heavens which always opened the way to you, in obliging me; and closed it up when I should show my gratitude unto you, in that I ever had aprompt and ready will thereto; but means that were slow, and unable to accomplish. You assisted me to attain to the Consulship; and to return into my country, from which I was unjustly banished. And now the happy times permits, that under your consulship, it hath be●ne my fortune, to compass some laudable effects. Wherefore seeing you are placed in so high, and honourable a dignity, and occasions are presented unto me, of being honoured: on the one side I am instigated humbly to entreat, and urge you to endeavour so, that the Senate may establish a decree upon my Fortunate successes, with all the favour & regard that can be imagined: on the other; I dare not with you use ceremonies, lest I should make you conceive, that either I have forgotten the form which you have heretofore used in doing me courtesy; or, that I might imagine you are forgetful. Wherefore, laying aside (as I think you desire) all circumstances of fair words, I will briefly demand a favour of him, whose deserts towards me are known to all nations. If yourself were not Consul (O paulus) I would use your means, that you might procure me their affection, who had that dignity: but because this great honour and authority placed in yourself, and our intrinsical amity, is hid from no man, I entreat you in the best manner I am able, to procure, that with all favourable interpretation, and possible expedition, my actions may be scanned and gratified. Whereof I write to you that are Consuls, and to the Senate. You shall understand, that they are worthy to be accounted of, and such, for which thanks are deservedly to be rendered unto the gods. And not only in this, but in any other occasion, wherein the interest of my honour represents itself, I request you to vouchsafe your undertaking the defence thereof. And above all be careful to cut off every design, which is intended for the prolongation of my government. I desire to see you Consul, and to obtain from you being Consul, both absent & present, the end of mine intentions. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius vice-Quaestor. Epist. 14.  
YOu favour me, in recommending Mar●us Fabius as a friend unto me; wherein I make no great gain, because already, for many years, I have been able to dispose o● him at my pleasure; and in that I love him, as far as the nobility of his mind, and his respective observance towards me, deseru● t●. But nevertheless perceiving, how he loves you above any other, I am become a greater friend unto him. Wherefore, though your letters have prevailed: ye● the certain knowledge I have had of his great affection towards you, hath so much the rather recommended him. In conclusion, I will labour hard for the dignity of Fabius, as you entreat me. For diverse reasons, I would we could meet together: first, to satisfy the longing I have had to see you, to whom these many years, I have been well affected; and that in presence, I may rejoice with you, as I have done in letters. Withal, that we communicate between ourselves, you, yours, I, mine occurrents: and finally, to weave the web of our friendship, which we have framed with sundry obligations: but, through instability of the times, could never arrive to it full perfection. Which falling out so contrary, in stead thereof, we'll use the help of letters, whereby we may in absence's converse, as if we were together. It is most true, that by writing, I shall not reap that fruit, which I should by your presence: and that contentment which grows from congratulation, would be much the greater, if I could face to face rejoice with you. But yet, I will n●t forbear to discharge this office, as heretofore I have done; ●i●st to congratulate with you, for the magnanimous effects which you have produced; and then for the opportunity of the time, in that by th●se ●r●sh success●s, you are departed from your Province, attended with greatest glory, and infinite commendations; and with the general satisfaction of the whole inhabitants. And thirdly, to negotiate the same affairs afar of, which we would in presence have discussed. Mine opinion is, that you should with all expedition go to Rome, considering that at my departure from thence, your business went on successfully: and then, by reason of your late, and honourable victory, your returning thither will undoubtedly augment your reputation. But if your kinsmen discover themselves so malicious, as to put some injury upon you; If you know yourself to be of that power, that you can acquit yourself; you cannot any where get greater glory: If not, then be circumspect, le●t this return of yours prove mischievous. You must rely on your own strength; and you know what you are able to undergo. If you can go through; It will be laudable, & popular: If not; the reports of men, in absence, are more tolerable. Touching my occasions, again I request you, to applin all your power, that the office of my Province may not be prorogued, which both by the Senate and people, was committed to me, but for a year only: and I exact this of you, as that whereon my whole fortunes are depending. You shall have herein the consent of paulus, my very good friend, and inclined to do me any pleasure. Curi●, and Furnius labour in this matter most fervently, supposing, that all my contentments depend thereon. Nothing now remains to be mentioned, but the confirmation of our friendship, and herein it shall not be requisite to use many words. You in your tender years affectionately sought my amity: and I was ever of belief, that your conversation, was an ornament unto me. Afterwards you were the secure Port, in my terrible storms, and safe shield, against the treachery of mine enemies. And after your departure, I contracted friendship with Brutus your kinsman: so as I persuade myself, that from so noble a wit, and absolute learning as yours is, in all times, great honour and contentment will accrue unto me. And I request you as earnestly as I may, to work so, that you confirm me in this belief, and advertise me of all events that happen, but especially when you come to Rome. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassiu●. Epist. 15.  
THough each of us departed from the war upon like deliberations, with hope of peace, and hatred of civil bloodshed. Yet, being the first, who retired, I am peradventure the more bound to defend the course that we had taken: though many times I call to mind, how being together, and consulting of sundry, and great matters between ourselves, to provide for our safeties, we held one opinion, and made one conclusion. Which was; to attend what success the first battle would have; after which, of necessity it was expedient, that either the whole cause should be determined, or at least our judgement resolved. Which resolution was never reprehended, but by those, who maintained, that it was better for the Commonwealth to be absolutely dissolued● then to remain weakened, and dismembered. And I saw, that if she once perished, all hope of reducing her to her due state, went with her. But if she were but languishing, there would be yet some comfort. But things have happened, so far beyond all men's opinion, as it is a greater miracle, that ●uer they could fall out, then that we were not able to foresee, or being men to presage them. Questionless, I confess, that I supposed, that after the fatal battle fought, the victorious would provide for common safety, and the vanquished for themselves. But I likewise judged, that these effects could not grow from any other root, then from sudden victory, and humility of the vanquished: and had this humility been; they who were in Africa, had found in him the same clemency, which they that went into Asia, and Achaia had experienced. And that without any other mediation, but his own. But the evil proceeded from this, that times were carelessly let run on; which greatly imparts in civil wars. For a year and an half running on in this manner, some conceived hope to overcome, others without hope of victory, choose rather to die fight; then to live, by coming to their enemies for mercy. And of all these disasters, Fortune bears the blame. For who would ever have thought, that the Alexandrian war, would ever have drawn to such a length, the war civil? And that one Pharnaces, could have strooken such a terror into all Asia? We concurred all in one election, though with a diversity of Fortune; you went into a part, where you might consult, and dis●erne the end of things a fa●re off; which greatly rids ●he mind of cares: And I was desirous to meet with Caesar in Italy, supposing he would have come thither, with that troop of renowned men, whom he hath preserved: and with an intention, to move him to peace, whereunto he seemed ready, and very willing. But I could not do as I would, because he pursued his enemy, and went far from these parts. Now, in what state I live, conjecture you. I hear on every side, of the deep woes, and direful lamentations of miserable Italy, and our distressed City. Whereunto both you, and I, and every man, according to his Forces, might peradventure have found some remedy, if the chief Commander had arrived. Wherefore I request you by all the love that you have ever borne me, to write unto me what success things have, what foundations you lay, what may be hoped for, and how we should carry ourselves. I will perform whatsoever your letters enjoin me. And I would to God I had followed the council which you gave me in your first unfortunate letters, which you sent me from Luceria: for then; I had without any molestation, preserved my dignity. Farewell.   

Cicero vice-consul to Caius Cassius. Epist. 16.  
I Persuade myself, that you will be half ashamed to see yourself surprised with this third Epistle, before I can get so much as a line, or a letter from you. But I write not these to urge you to so small a matter, for I expect, nay, I challenge longer discourses from you. If I had opportunity, I would send you every hour three letters. For in writing to you, methinks I have a kind of a representation of your own person ever before me; though I allow not of these fantastic apparitions of Catius, who approves of those mental visions of Idols: on whose authority your new friends relying, affirm, that the fantasy is able to frame in itself, the similitude of any imagined body. And to the end you may understand, that Catius the Insubrian, of the sect of Epicurus, lately dead, calleth those Spectra, which Gargesius, and before him D●mocritus, by another title terme● Idols. And though it may be that these Spectra, may be seen, because they represent themselves unto the eye. Yet I would fain have any man tell me, how they can also penetrate the mind. And how is it probable, that thought or cogitation should have this privilege, that as soon as I think of you, your Spectrum should present itself unto my mind? And not only of yours, who are seated, in the most secret cell of my memory; but if a conceit should rise in my imagination, in what form the Island of Britannia lieth, should I believe that the Idol of it, would be presented unto me? But I'll reserve this present subject till another time. Now I mean● to try you: and if I perceive, that you should grow choleric, or that you take it as an affront, I will go further: and I will grieve for the v●olence hath been offered you● pr●ying that you may be restored to that heresy, from whence you were by A●mes expelled. Neither will it suffice to allege, that for these two, or three years, you have voluntarily exiled yourself from virtue, that you have been alured by the sweet bait of pleasures, and delights; but with whom speak I? Marry, with a man of gravity and maturity: who since you dedicated yourself to public negotiations, have in all times governed yourself with that prudence, that you have replenished Rome, with honourable, and rare examples So that a doubt grows in me, whether this sect sprung not out of a better Trunk than we imagine, seeing you affected, to insert yourself thereinto. But what new conceit leads thee, O Cicero? Why I'll tell you the truth: It neither being secure, nor I being willing, to write what I think, about the Commonwealth, I entered into these fantasies, thinking it better to write of them then nothing. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 17.  
YOu have a company of preposterous Corrier's: when they go from hence they demand my letters, when ●hey come hither they bring me none. Although in truth, they herein offend me not, being so desirous to write unto you as I am. True it is, they should do much more discreetly, if they gave me a little more time. But they ever come to me, in their travailing attire, making all haste to be gone, because their companions attend them at the gates. So that you must pardon me, if at this time, I be also brief; But know you what? I will shortly recompense the defect, to which I have by their haste been enforced. Though I know no reason why I should excuse myself: considering yours come hither empty, and return with letters. We have it here for currant, (somewhat I mu●t write) that Publius Sylla the Father is dead, some say, murdered by thieves, others affirm, by surfeit of meats. The people take no great care, now they understand, that his body was burned. And no doubt but you also, who are wise, will take it patiently enough: the evil is, that we have lost the form of the Commonwealth. The general opinion was; that Caesar would have taken it very heavily, as he that feared, lest the sales which were made by public outery, might have been abated. Mindius Marcellus, and A●ius, the complection-maker rejoiced they had lost their adversary. There's no news out of Spai●e, but a wonderful expectation. There are certain reports, rather bade then otherwise, but they are not credited, by reason they come from no certain places. Our Pansa departed f●om Rome, the thirtieth day of December, with honourable employment: so that every one may manifestly discern the power of virtue; which, as a loadstone Iron, draws o●hers to follow her, se●king no other reward then the possession of herself. And though some other opinion, hath within ●his little while be gloomed your understanding; yet if you will but look with a direct eye, she ever honours and rewards those spirits that observe her: as we may see by Pansa, who, relieving many out of miseries; and leaving in these afflictions of the City, an example of his wonderful integrity, and love, hath won the hearts of every good man. I am glad you continued hitherto in Brundisium; and I think it was the be●t resolution: and I assuredly believe, you shall also do very wisely, to keep yourself within your bounds, without entangling yourself, in dangerous matters. You may be well assured, that we who love you, shall receive therein grea● satisfaction. And I pray you from this time forward, when you have any occasion to write home, to be mindful of my business. Every man that comes unto you, shall, if I know thereof, bring letters from me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 18.  
THe letter should have been longer, but that the messenger required it of me, at the very instant of his departure: and yet longer, if I had delighted in Fables: for matters of moment cannot be written of, without danger. You'll say, we may be pleasant amongst ourselves, and salute one another with letters of recreation. In troth, very hardly. Why, what shall we then do? do we what we will, there's no wand'ring for us out of the path of miseries. But you'll ask me, what's become then of Philosophy? Where is she? Yours is amongst pleasures, mine in perpetual molestations, out of shame to see myself hampered with the chain of servitude. And therefore, I seem to do something else; not to infringe the precepts of Plato. there's nothing certain reported out of Spain, neither is there any news at all. I am sorry in mine own behalf, you are so far from us; I rejoice on yours. But this Corrier is very importunate. Farewell therefore. And as you have loved me from your in fancy, so ever love me. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 19  
I Protest, I have no greater comfort in this my absence, then to write unto you. For me thinks I talk, and toy with you, as if we were together. And yet this proceeds not through the Spectra of Catius; in whose favour I will by my next, produce you so many rustical Stoics, that I will drive you to affirm, that Catius was borne in Athens. I am much contented, that our Pansa, with the wonderful satisfaction of all men, hath obtained so honourable a charge. And I vow to God, I do not rejoice for him alone, but for all of us. Hoping that it will be discerned, how much every man naturally shuns, and abhors tyrannies and on the contrary, how cheerfully they embrace, and favour the just, and merciful; and that those honours which wicked men, labour and desire to obtain, are distributed to honest and good men. It's a great matter, that it should be so difficult to persuade men, that virtue of herself is amiable, and an excellent rewarder of her followers: being truer, than truth itself, that virtue, justice, and honesty, are those seeds which produce the true repose and peace of mind: as Epicurus himself (from whom all the Catij, and Amasinij his erroneous interpreters are derived:) beareth wi●nesse, saying, That he cannot live comfortabl●e, that lives not justly, honestly. Wherefore Pansa pursuing the ho●est d●lectations of life, possesseth virtue: and those whom we call lovers ●f delights and pleasures, are lovers likewise of honesty and iust●ce: and such as endeavouring themselves in all virtues, do possess them. And therefore, Sylla, whose judgement we must needs approve; perceiving the Philosopher's to be dissonant among themselves, without se●king out which was the chief good; purchased in a moment, all goods. Whose death certainly I h●ue borne with a constant mind; and so much the rather, being assured, that Caesar will not suffer us long to look after it, having abundance of condemned men, whom he m●y in his place restore unto us, tho●●h ●here is a ●onne of his, remaining, who is well able to discharge his Father's office. Now, to come unto the Commonwealth. I look for a relation of the war of Spain. I would I were dead, if I, be not much perplexed; and I had rather live under our usual, that's a merciful Lord; then to undergo a new yoke of one that is full of cruelty. You know how presumptuous Cn●ius is, and arrogates every great thing unto him●elfe; you know, how he maintains, that cruelty is a kind of virtue: you know how ridiculous he thought himself unto us. And therefore, I am afraid, least in exchange, he ●ay, with his Sword, basely laugh at us. If you love me, write unto me. Oh! how glad I would be, you did but assure me, whither you read this letter, with a troubled mind, or a disburdened. For a●●he same instant, I should come to know, what resolution to undertake in mine own occurrents. To avoid prolixity, I will bid you farewell: and as you love me, love me. If Caesar vanquish, look for me presently. Farewell.   

Cicero to Caius Trebonius. Epist. 20.  
I Have commended my Orator, (for so I style him) to your Sabinus: whom I should every way think well of, for his nations sake; had he not also usurped their liberty, which hunt after honours, and thereby assumed that surname upon himself, out of his own brain: but yet his modest countenance, and solid discourse, show him to retain some thing, of those ancient customs. Thus much of him. Now that which toucheth me more nearly. My Trebonius, if God prosper you, to your hearts desire, seeing after your departure with new courtesies, you have a little kindled the flame of my love; to the end we may endure the thirst of your absence, with lesser difficulty, afford us by your daily letters some refreshing. But not unless we truly and unfeignedly do the like, Though you should do it oftener than ourselves for two reasons. First, because they which remained in Rome were wont, to write unto their friends, that were in the government of Provinces, the accidents of the Commonwealth; now 'tis requisite you should write them unto us, the Commonwealth being there: and then, because we may pleasure you by other offices; in that for any thing I perceive, you can stand us in no other stead, then to send us letters. First, therefore I would understand, what journey you have had: where you saw our Brutus, and how long you were together. If you have proceeded further, I would have you advertise us, how the war is managed, and upon what terms matters stand: to the end we may apprehend, in what state we are. So much as your letters inform me of, so much I shall hold myself to be certain of. Be careful of your health; and love me with your accustomed sincere affection.   

Cicero to Tr●bonius. Epist. 21.  
I Read your letter and your● book with great con●entment, but my pleasure was mingled with the grief of your departure. For in the greatest desire of perpetuating our conversation, you h●ue left us with this only comfort, th●t with daily, and long let●ers, the ardent desire of each party m●y be mitigated. Which, as o● mine own part I da●e promise it sh●ll take effect; So I am really to believe that it will not fail on yours; in that the love you bear me, is mo●e then manifest. For to omit the favours, whereof the Cities can g●ue undoubted testimony; when you ●hewed yourself an enemy to my enemies. When you defended me to the people; when being Quaestors you discharged about myself, and the public office of a Consuls and would not obey the Tribune of the people, though your Colleague did crouch unto him. And not to rip up these late matters, which shall remain perpetually fixed in my memory: what a trouble had you with me, when we were employed in arms? how did you rejoice at my return? what grief, and discontent surpriz●d you, when you heard of my dolours, and molestations? and finally, how ready w●re you to come by all means unto me at Brundisium, had you not been sent into Spain● unexpectedly? Laying therefore these things apart; which notwithstanding I so highly esteem, as I do mine own life and safety; tell me I pray you, what greater notice of your love could you have given me, than what you h●ue afforded me in this book? Fi●st, because all my sayings, appear unto you ●ull of pleasing delightfulness; which to othe●s peradventure seem otherwise. Then, were they so, or but so so; they are as ●ou deliver them, most ingenuous: & such, as in your graceful, and ha●pie carrying of them forestall every man's laughter, before they come to consider them to be my passages. But, if you did, as of necessit●● you must, think only on me; all the while you were about this composition; I were an Iron fellow if I should not love you. And in that you could not write this subject, without a friendly, and loving remembrance of me. I am readily persuaded, that the affection you bear unto me is no less, then that which is borne by every man to his own person. To which affection, would I had no less ability in deeds, than I have in love to be answerable. Wherein notwithstanding I hope you shall remain well satisfied. Now to your letter: Which pleased me exceedingly: for besides that, it was ingenuous, and copious: it was also in every part full of affection. I answer thereof, first, I wrote that Epistle to Caluus, thinking it should no more have come to light, than this which you now read: For a thing mnst be otherwise written, which we determine should be only read of those, to whom 'twas sent; then that which is to pass through the hands of many. Then, where as you marvel that I exalted his wit with such great commendation, you supposing that they exceeded the bounds of verity: I answer, that I thought fitting so to do. He shows great promptitude in writing; he prosecutes a certain method of his own, conducted by a kind of error in judgement; wherein notwithstanding he doth very well; he is full of learning, but does not lively express his conceit: therefore I exhorted him thereunto. For if you would put spirit into any man, or sharpen his understanding, there is no better way in the world, then to commend him. This is my judgement, and counsel about Caluus: Counsel; in that I praised him, to exhort him: judgement; in that I h●ld him to have a wit worthy to be esteemed. It remains that I pray, that your journey may prove happy; that I expect your return with hope, that I visit you oftener in my thoughts, and between writing to you, and reading your letters that I mitigate the insatiable desire I have to see you. My desire is, that you should often call to memory, your own officious endeavours for me. Of which if it be lawful to be mindful; 'twere base in me to be forgetful. For I would not only have you to esteem me for an honest man, but one, of whom yourself may have opinion, you are much beloved. Farewell.    

THE SIXTEENTH BOOK OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.  

Cicero to Quintus Tiro. Epist. 1.  
SEE how pleasing your conversation is. We stayed about two hours at Thyr●um; where Xenomenes entertaining us, made show of as much love unto you, as if he had always lived with you. He hath promised to prou●de you, of all necessary things, and I doubt not thereof. I should be glad, if you find yourself any thing better, that you would remove to Leucas; that there you might wholly be recovered. Take counsel of Curio; and Lyso, and the Physician. I thought to send Mario back unto you. Whom you might have returned when you had found you● better cheered. But I be thought me, that Mario could bring me but one letter: and I expected many. You may therefore procure (and will do it you, if you love me,) that Acastus may be every day abou● the Port● Messengers will not be wanting, that may faithfully, and willingly deliver me letters. And I will not omit any opportunity of such as come to Patrae. I have confident hope in Curio, that he will attend you, with all care. He is kindness itself, and loves us above all the world most unfeignedly. Therefore expect all courtesy from him: and be not yo● too hasty to follow me; for I had much rather see you come late cured, then presently infirmed. Labour therefore only to recover, and leave the rest, to my providence. Many times farewell. Upon my departure from Leucas, the seven. of November.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 2.  
WE have been seven days at Corcyra. But my brother Quintus, and his son, are at Buthrotum. We were marvelous careful about your health, neither do I wonder, that we receive no letters from you; For, with those winds that should serve you hither, we should sail from hence; which if they had served, we would not have lain waiting at Corcyra. Look therefore unto yourself, and get strength: and when co●ueniently, both for your health, and season of the year, you can have passage, come unto us that love you dear. None loves us, that likes not you. Every man wisheth you well, and looks for your coming. Good Tiro, have a singular care of your health. Farewell. This xviij. of October: From Corcyra.   

Cicero to his friend Tiro. Epist. 3.  
I Thought I should more easily have endured your absence; but I find I cannot. And though it greatly concerns mi●e honour, to be with all possible speed at Rome. Y●t me thinks I sin in leaving you; But in tha● I thought you were firmly resolved, not to put yourself upon the voyage, before you were well recovered. I approved your determination, as now I do, if you be also of the same opinion. But, after you have recovered your appetite, if you find yourself in state to follow me, do your pleasure. I have sent Mario to you, that if you think good to come, he may bear you company. If not, I would have him presently turn back again. Be assured, I desire nothing else, but that you should come with your own ease, if it be possible: but if you perceive it requisite, to remain some days in Patrae, for your better recovery; Know, that I desire nothing more, then to have you cured. If you presently commit yourself to sea, follow us by L●ucas. But if you mean to attend, till you are absolutely well, be careful, of you● company, of the weather, and of getting good shipping. But, as you love me, Tiro, take heed, that you let not Mario's coming, or these letters any way move you; for, in doing that which shall be most available for your health, you shall do me the greatest pleasure. Therefore look you unto it: for, I so desire you, as you may find I love you. My love would see you here sound; my desire, presently: but the first especially. Therefore, above all, be careful to be well: for, amongst the infinite courtesies, which you have done me, this will prove the greatest. Farewell. The third of November.   

Cicero ●o his Tiro. Epist. 4.  
I Neither can, nor am willing to write unto you, how it troubles me, to be without you. I only write, it will be an exceeding grea● content unto us both, if we could presently come so together, that I might see you recovered. The third day, after we departed from you, we arrived at Alyzia, a place on this side Leucas, some fourteen miles. In Leucas, I hope, you will overtake me, or at least, Mario with your letters. As you love me, or think I love you, so look to ●our health. From Alyzia. This v. of November.   

Cicero to his friend Tiro. Epist. 5.  
WE stayed all yesterday at Alyzia, from whence I wrote before unto you; Quintus not being yet arrived. To day, which is the fifth of November, I write these before day being in a readiness to departed. I entreat you, for the love you bear to all of us, but especially to myself, your Master, endeavour to recover. With a very unquiet mind, I expect, especially yourself, and then Mario with your letters. We long all, but I above the rest, to see you presently, but in no case without your health, good Tiro. And therefore make no haste, I shall think I have every day seen you, so you come lusty and strong unto us. I can do, what is to be done, without your help, and therefore suppose not, that mine own benefit drives me, to desire your health, so much as the love I bear you. Farewell.   

Cicero to his Tir●. Epist. 6.  
I Have read your le●ter, with diverse agi●ations of mind; the first side much disturbed me: but the other gave me some relaxation. Wherefore, now know seriously, that you must not take any journey, either by land, or sea, till you are perfectly ●u●ed. You write unto me, how you have a good opinion of the Physician, and I hear no l●sse. But yet I commend not in any sort, his course of dieting sick persons; for I took it not to be well done, that he made you drink broth, having a distempered stomach. Notwithstanding, by a letter of mine, I entreat him effectually, that he would cure you with all diligence: and in another, I likewise recommend you to Lyso. To Curius, being of so sweet a disposition, full of integrity, and courtesy, I have written at large, about your occasions: and among other things, if you so think good, that he should convey you to his own house: because I put no confidence in Lyso's diligence: first, because the Greckes ordinarily are very negligent; and then, in that he returned me no answer to my letters which he received; but you commend him, and therefore take what course shall best please yourself. One favour I require at your hands, my Tiro, that you will spare no charge, in things requisite for your health. I write to Curius, that he should give the Physician what you appoint; because it were good, to give him some thing, to the end, he may attend you with the greater diligence. When, in what, or wheresoever, it hath been may hap to employ you, I have received good satisfaction, & ever was highly contented with your endeavour: But you shall exceed, whatsoever you have formerly done for me; if (as I hope) I may but see you lusty. If you find yourself strong in body, you may embark yourself with Messinius the Quaestor: for, I suppose, you shall have pleasing and loving company of him. He is very affable, and so far as I can perceive, bears an affection to you. But, as I said, take counsel of your ability of body, and then be careful, to sail commodiously, and in seasonable weather. I desire no other, but that you may return in health and safety. And be assured, my Tiro, that there's none, who loves m●e, but bear you singular affection. And though it more imports us, than any other, that you were in health, yet many beside; also, are desirous of the same. Hitherto, because you would not leave me in any place, you could not recover your malady. Now, there's nothing hinders you. Lay aside all cares, and attend wholly to your recovery: for, if you be careful thereof, I shall think you make great esteem of mine affection. Farewell, my Tiro: Be healthful, and merry. Lepra, and the rest, salute you: The seven, of November: From Leucas.   

Cicero to his friend Tiro. Epist. 7.  
I Will add this third unto the two letters I wrote this day unto you; more to observe the usual custom, then for any thing I had to write. Once again l●t me tell you, that I would have you, according to the love you bear me, use all diligence for your recovery. Add this to the rest of the courtesies, I have had from you; for it will, above all the rest, be most acceptable to me. I am confident in your prudence, that you will not undertake any journey, except you find yourself well. But when you come, seek to sail with the best conveniency. Let no messenger come into Italy, without your letters, as I write to you, by every messenger that comes to Patrae. Recover, recover, my Tiro; for, seeing Fortune would not permit us, to sail together in company, it fits you not now to be too hasty: and think of nothing, but how you may be restored. Be careful of your recovery. From Actium: The seven. of November in the evening.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 8.  
WE are very pensive about your sickness: for, though we understand, that you are out of all danger: nevertheless, perceiving how ma●ters will require a long time for effect, this comfort is accompanied with notable discontentment: imagining what a while, I shall be deprived of your company: the sweetness whereof, I measure by my desire of it. But though I heartily desire to see you; nevertheless, I earnestly entreat you, ●hat you will not expose your sel●e this winter, to so long a voyage, except you be strong; nor put yourself to sea, without good consideration. Scarcely under roofs, and within towns, can men of weak complexions defend themselves f●om cold; much less by sea, or in long voyages, is it easy to shun the injury of the seasons. And, C●ld is very hurtful to tender bodies, as Euripides reporteth; to whom I know not what credit you give: But I esteem ●uerie verse of his to be a testimony. If you wish me well, solicit your health, and return lusty, & presently. Love us, and Farewell: Quin●us the younger, commends him heartily unto you.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 9  
WE departed from you, as you know, ●he second of No●ember: the vi. we arrived at Leucas, on the seven. at Actium. Where, through contrariety of winds, we stayed all the next day. From thence, on the ninth, we sailed prosperously to Corsyra. At Corsyra, by reason of a storm, we were stayed all the xvij, and the xviij. Leaving the Port of Corsyra, we came to Cassiope, xv. miles from thence, where we were detained by the winds, till the xxv. And many overhasty, not willing to stay, while the raging of the sea was down, were cast away. The foresaid day after dinner, we set sail, and having a pleasant Southern gale, and fair weather, between that night, and the day following, we came with pleasure to Hydrus in Italy: and with the same wind the next day, (which was the xxuj.) between eleven and twelve a clock, we arrived at ●rundusium; and going a shore, Terentia met me, and entered with me into the town, enquiring much after yourself. On the xxviij, being in Brundisium, extremely desiring your letters, at last came a servant of Cneius Plancius, who presented me those of the xiii. which eased me of much sorrow: I would they had wholly freed me. Though Asclapo the Physician assures me, that you shall in short time be cured. Now I must a little exhort you, to be very careful, to recover your forces. I know your prudence, I know your temperance, and the love you bear me. I conceive, you will use all means, to be speedily with us, which I exceedingly desire, so you may take no hurt thereby. I would not have you carried away with Lyso's harmony, lest you lie by it for a whole month. But seeing you would needs rather satisfy his kindness, then observe your own health, from this time forward take better heed. I have used means to Curius, that he should satisfy the Physician, and that he should supply your wants: And I will pay it here, to whomsoever he appointeth. I have left an horse, & a mule for you in Brundisium. I am much afraid, that in the beginning of januarie, there will be great tumul●s in Rome; we will proceed in all things very moderately. It remains, that I entreat you, that you will not rashly take shipping. These Mariners, for gain, use to make haste, therefore be circumspect, my Tiro. You have a great and difficult sea to pass. It would be good (if you could) to associate yourself with Messinius, for he was wont to be wary in voyages. If not, then join with some honourable personage, whom your Pilot may use respectively. If in this, you use all care, and comfort yourself in your health, you shall give me great satisfaction. I have written to the Physician, to Curius, and Lyso, and recommended you. Farewell: And with safety.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 10.  
THough I desire every where the benefit of your endeavour; yet it grieves me, not so much for mine own, as for your respect that you have not your health. But seeing the violence of the infirmity is turned into a Quartane, as Curio writeth. Being circumspect, I hope, you shall easily be freed thereof. Now, do me the pleasure, to mind nothing else, but your recovery. I know your desire: but all things will succeed well, if you return in health. I would not have you make overmuch haste, le●t being ill, besides offending your stomach, your winter voyage might be dangerous. I came to Rome, the fourth of this month, where I was received with the greatest honour, that could be imagined. But I am fallen into the very flame of civil discord, or rather, civil wa●re. Which I desiring, and in my opinion, being able to prevent, I was hindered by some men's unbridled humou●s: for there are of each part, ●hat long to be together by the ●ares: and C●sar also our friend, hath written to the S●nate, threatening them much, and v●lifying th●m with insolent speeches: and he is not ashamed, in the●r despite, to hold both his Army, and his Province: and my Curio ceaseth not, to put him forward. And withal, our Antonius, and Q●intus Cassiu●, not being any ways urged thereunto, a●e with Curio, fled to Caesar; Upon the Senate's charge given to the Consuls, Praetor's, Tribunes of the people, and to us, who are in the place of Consuls, that we should defend the Commonwealth from ●ll succeeding detriment. The City was never in greater danger: nor ever h●d bad Citizens so cruel a Ringleader. On our part also due provisions are made; And herein the authority and care of our Pomp●ius is employed: who now too late begins to doubt of Caes●rs power. Yet in all these hurlie-burlies, the Senate forbears not to assemble, and to deliberate upon my Triumph: but Len●ulus the Consul, being desirous that I should acknowledge the whole benefit from himself, hath promised presently to set it forward, so soon as he hath dispatched some urgent necessities of the Commonwealth. We show ourselves no ways ambitious thereof: Which augments our reputation. The governments of Italy are distributed; and we h●ue chosen that of Capu●. These are all the advertisements, which occur at this present. B●e careful of your recovery, and when opportunity is offered, write unto me. The xii. of januarie. Farewell.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 11.  
INto what hazard my safety, and that of all good men, and the whole Commonwealth is brought; you may conceive by ●his, ●hat we have abandoned our proper habitations, and our country itself, leaving her as a pray, to whosoever will destroy, and set her in combustion. We are come to that point, as if some God, or Fortune do not succour us, I see no means for our escape. Since I came to Rome, I assure you, I have used all persuasions to compound these discords: but I have found such obstinacy in the hearts, not only of those wicked, but also in them that are reputed honest, as my Force is not able to dissuade them. They will have battle, and will not hear me, when I tell them of the miseries, which a civil war draws a●ter it. For having heard how Caesar, incaged with fury, and bearing no respect, either to his name, or dignity, took into his hands, Ariminum, Pisaurum, Ancona, and Arr●tium; We have left R●me wholly abandoned, with what wisdom, or courage it availeth not to argue. Now you s●e to what pass we are arriu●d. True it is, that he moves Articles of accord; that Pomp●ius go into Spaiae; that the soldiers levied in our defence, be cashiered: and in this case, he is content to assign Gallia Transalpina, to D●mitius; and Cisalpina, to Considius Nonianu●, Who were elected for those Governements: ●hat he cares no more to have the favour, that he may demand the Consulship in his absence, but that himself in person, will come to demand it. We have accepted of his conditions, but so, that he will remove the guarisons out of ●hese towns, that are in his hands, to the end, that the Senate without fear, being resembled in Rome, may consult upon the above-mentioned conditions. In performing this, there is some hope of peace; but I acknowledge it to be scarce honourable, for we submit ourselves to his conditions: but it's better to be any thing, than what we are. And, if he should not observe his propounded conditions, there is prepared so grievous a war, as he cannot sustain it. I say if he do flinch from the conditions himself hath set down, we hope to be able to cut off his way from Rome, by having many men in a readiness: and we suppose also he will not bend thither, for fear of losing the Galliae, who are his utter enemies, excepting only the Transpadani●e especially if he perceive six Legions on his b●cke that are in Spain, conducted by Afranius, and Petreiu●, with many succours: but if he will needs be contumacious, 'tis thought, it will be no great ma●ter to suppress him, so he make no approach to Rome. For he hath had one shrewd cross, in that Titus Labienu●, who was of great credit in his Army, not minding to be a companion of his wickedness, hath left him, and taketh part with us: and they say many are ready to do the like. I remain in the Government of the Sea coast, about Formiae. I would not undertake a greater charge, that by my l●tters, and exhortations, I might wo●ke the bet●er effects with Caesar, about quietness. But if the war go on. I see I shall have the government, and command of a Camp, & c●rtaine Legions. I am wonderfully disturbed that our Dolabella is with Caesar: I thought good to give you these informations; but as you love your health, let them not trouble you. Aulus Varro is my great friend, and bears you singular affection. I have recommended you unto him, entreating him to have a special care of you, as well in the occasions of your infirmity, as of your voyage. He ha●h courteously pormised me, and I know he will perform it. Seeing you could not be with me at that time, when I had occasion to employ your fidelity, & endeavour; make no haste in any wise to come while you are thus weak, especially being the depth of Winter. Your coming to me shall never be too late, so you come in safety. Hitherto I never spoke with any man that saw you; but with Marcus Volusius, who delivered me your letters: and no marvel; for, I do not think that mine have this bad wether, had any speedy conveyance. Be careful to recover, and commit not yourself to Sea, till you may have a secure passage. My son is at Formianum; Terentia, and Tullia are in Rome. The xxviij. of januarie, from C●p●a. Farewell.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 12.  
I Long ●or your coming, but I fear ●he voyage; for you have been grievously si●ke; & what wi●h fasting, purging, and the anguish of your disease, you are consumed. The least disorder a man can commit in these dangerous maladies, may return to the great damage of such as are infirmed. I will be in Cuman●m at the end of this mon●th. There my Tiro, l●t me see you lusty, and healthful. My (rather our) studies, through the grief of your absence, are languished. Yet by the letter, which Acastus brought, th●y● have a little lifted up their eyes. Pompeius was present at the writing of these, and being desirous to hear some composition of ours, I merrily, & freely told him, that my wits grew barren, through your absence. Prepare yourself to render your endeavours to our Mus●s. For at the appointed day ours shall be in a readiness. For I have heretofore taught you th●Etymologie of Faith. Look that you throughly recover your health: in which we are very happy. Farewell.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 13.  
AEGYPTA Arrived the xijth of April, and though he told me, the Fever had left you, and that you were very well: yet in that he said you could not write to me, I remained unsatisfied: and so much the rather, because Hermia, who should have been here the same day, was not yet come. I am troubled with doubtful cogitations, out of the abundant love I bear to your life. Whereof if you free me, I will make you free, and contented. I would write unto you more at large, if I thought I should not annoy you. Apply the power of your own understanding, which I esteem to be most exquisite, for the preservation of yourself, to both our comforts. And let me yet again request you to be diligently careful of yourself. Farewell. After the writing hereof, Hermia came, and delivered me yours, and by the raggedness of the letters I discerned the agony of your disease. I send Aegypta back again unto you, because I take him to be a loving and discreet fellow, and one that wisheth you well: and with him I send a Cook, to do you service. Farewell.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 14.  
I Have had an ill night, and full of distractions, by reason that Andricus came not yesterday as I expected. This morning he came with your letters: from which though I could conce●ue no further of your state and being, yet am I somewhat recomforted. Ti●l I see you, I shall have no apprehension of delight, neither can I betake myself to my usual studies. Provide that the Physician may be promised the reward which he demandeth, as I gave order to Manius. I hear you are oppressed with melancholy, and that the Physician perceives as much. Rouse up from sleep, your reading, and your humane studies, for which you are so dear unto me. You must di●ourden your mind, that your body may far the better. And this I request you, both for your own benefits & for my contentment. Reserve Acast●c● for the attendance of your person, and preserve yourself for my consolation. Now comes the time of the promises, which I will also exhibit at your coming. Farewell. The xiii. about eleven of the clock in the forenoon. Farewell.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 15.  
IF you should give me the whole world, you cannot do me a greater pleasure, then to let me see yourself in health. Neither shall I be quiet in mind, till Menander return, whom I ●e●t unto you. If you love me, be careful of your recovery. And when you feel yourself, in good plight, come ●nto us. Farewell: the tenth of April.   

Quintus to Marcus Cicero his brother. Epist. 16.  
I Would I might never see yourself, (my Cicero,) my Tulliola, or your son; if you did not highly favour me when you made Tiro rather our companion then our servant, finding him worthy of a better Fortune than he formerly lived in. You would not imagine, with what joy, both his, and your letters, have possessed me. And I thankfully congratulate with you. For if the fidelity of Statius, please me so well: how much more esteem doth the same property deserve, being accompanied with knowledge, discourse, and humanity? Which virtues far exceed all other considerations. I love you for all; and most worthy respects: as also for this, and for having written unto me in so cheerful a style. For I read your very self in your letters: I will perform what I promised to the servants of Sabinus. Farewell.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 17.  
I Know your desire: you would have me put your Epistles in a volume also. But hark you Sir; How comes it, that you, that were wont to be the corrector of my writings, should be so improper in your speeches, as to say, Attending faithfully to my recovery: from whence comes faithfully to be placed here? the proper place of this word, is in office: Though it may be m●nie other ways applied, as when we say, faithful doctrine, a faithful house, a faithful Art, and also a faithful field. So that the application thereof be made with modesty, and according to the true meaning of Theophrastus: but this shall be discussed, when we come together. Demetrius came unto me: you are sufficiently informed, with what company; but I have rid him of them. But you'll tell me, you could not see him; To morrow he will be here again, and then you shall: for the day following I'll be gone f●om hence. I am much perplexed, about your recovery. But, attend unto it, and do every thing that is befitting; for so you shall not only give me full satisfaction, but I shall imagine you are present with me. I am glad you pleasured Cuspius: For I wish him all contentment. Farewell.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 18.  
WHat now? must it not be so? I know it must, and it's necessary, that To his should be added. Yet if you have a desire unto it, let us, to shun that envy you speak of, leave it out; though I always contemned such like envy. I am very glad, your breathing did you so much good. And if the air of Tusculanum would be also helpful, O Gods! How it would content me. But if you love me, (which surely you do, or at least after a cunning manner, you dissemble: yet howsoever) attend your recovery. You know the best Physic to be, light meats, moderate exercise, a cheerful mind, and a soluble body. Labour to return, with your usual alacrity: I shall think the better, not only of you, but even of our Tusculanum. Try underhand if you can get Parhedrus to hire my garden; for, that's the way to make the gardener desperate. See the fume of this glutton, that dares venture five and twenty thousand Crowns, upon one possession; where neither Sun, nor water cometh; neither hath it wall, or house for habitation: Shall this fellow laugh at us with so great expenses? Put a trick upon him, as I intent upon Marcus Oth●: Whereupon I neglect his presented garlands. I would fain know what is done about the water of Crabra: though now we have water in abundance. When t●me serves, I will send the horaloge, and the Books. But is it possible that you should be in want of Books? Or are you about some composition in imitation of Sophocles? Let the work be published. Aulu● Ligurius, Caesar's familiar acquaintance is dead. He was an honest man, and my very friend. Advertise me of your coming. Farewell.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 19  
I Expect your letters in answer to many things, but much more your coming. Purchase the love of Demetrius, and if you can do him any other kindness, do it. About my debt with Aufidius, I say nothing because I know you to be very careful thereof; but dispatch it. If this stay you, I excuse you, if not come flying. I greatly expect your letters. Farewell.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 20.  
AS I live (my Tiro) your infirmity troubles me. But I hope, if you prosecute with the same care you have begun, to see you shortly in perfect health. Set you up the books, in good order: and let an Index of them be made when it pleaseth Metrodorus: s●eing we must live according to his direction. Concerning the Gardener, I refer myself to your discretion. The first of this mon●th, you may stay to see the Fencers, and the next come away; for thus I think good: but do as you will; If you wish me well be careful to preserve your sel●e. Farewell.   

Cicero the son, to his sweetest Tiro. Epist. 21.  
AFter a tedious and daily expectation for six whole weeks together after my depa●ture from you, your welcome mes●engers came with letters. The Epistle of my most sweet, and dear Father, gave me wondrous contentment; and your own letter overjoyed me. Whereupon I repent no longer my silence, but am glad thereof. In that it brought me wondrous increase of the fruit of your humanity: Whereby you have made good my excuses. I am sure my sweet Tiro, that the good reports, which according to your desire, were spread of me, did highly please you. And I will employ all my endeavour, that this growing opinion of me, may every day be more established. Therefore you may securely promise of me, hereafter, a more reformed life, then that which is past, hath at any time been. Wherein, if I was drawn from the tru● way, I grieve much more than I make show of. Of which grief I know you have been partaker, in that you take part also in my prosperities, wherein I ever desired to have a companion. I will therefore restore with double joy, the affliction you have suffered for my sake. Understand that I converse with Cratippus in an inward fashion, not as a disciple, but as his child. He hath a sweet manner of discourse, which delights me greatly: Wherefore I am with him all the day, and often, part of the night also. For he many times meals with me. And our familiarity hath proceeded so far, that many times on a sudden, he takes us before we have half dined: and laying aside philosophical conclusions, he entertains us with pleasant discourses. Wherefore endeavour as soon as you can, to come and enjoy the society of so noble, and so complete a man. But what shall I say of Brutus? Whom I never suffer to be from me: so modest, and loyal he is. Whose disposition though it be to be thrifty and grave, yet is he most pleasing company; and always in matters of learning. Within the compass whereof we lay the bounds of our contentments. I have rent a place for him near hand, and according to my ability, I supply him. Besides this, I am resolved to exercise oratory in Greek with Cassius, and in Latin● with Brutus. I live daily with certain learned men, which came from Mi●ylene with Cratippus Ep●orate: the chiefest of the Athenians, Leonides and other such like, spend their time with me. I will deliver no further of myself. Whereas you write to me of Gorgias: certainly he furthered me much in my pleading: but because I would not oppose my father's will, I put him from me: he having written earnestly unto me, that I should dismiss him. I would not show my backwardness in obeying his will, because I would put no conceit of suspicion into him. Besides I conceived, how 'twas not a thing fit, that I should oppose my father's judgement; notwithstanding, your office herein, and counsel, was acceptable to me. I admit of your excuse, by reason of your penury of time, knowing that yours, is a li●e much employed. I am very glad of the purchase made of that Fa●me. Wonder not though in the conclusion of my letter I rejoice with you: for you also in the end of yours, give me advertisement thereof. You have means now to lay apar● your city customs, and to become a rustic Roman. When hourly I set before mine eyes your pleasing aspect, me thinks I see you buying country commodities, reasoning with labourers, and to gather into the lap of your garment, the seeds of fruits after meals. But to come to the matter, I am sorry as well as you, that I could not assist you. But doubt not my Tiro, that I will ever fail you, if Fortune ●aile not me, especially, understanding, that this Farm is bought for common use: You did me a gr●at pleasure to dispatch wha● I gave you in charge. I pray you send ●o me as soon as you can a writer, but principally a Gr●cian. For I loo●e a world of time, in writing out the Commentaries. Be careful of your health, that we may once discourse together. I recommend Antherus unto you. Farewell.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 22.  
BY your letters I am in some hope of your amendment; I'll assure you, I wish i● Wherefore be careful thereof, and no wai●s suppose, that you do any thing against my will in not being with me. You are with me, if you be careful of your recovery. I would therefore rather have you observe your health, ●hen e●th●r mine eyes, o● min● eatest Fo● though I both hea●e, and see you willingly, yet your life is far more dear unto me. here I do nothing; th●t is, ● write not; but I read most w●●l●●●ly. I● the writers there cacioppo well rea● my hand, teach th●m. T●ere is one intricate interlining, which I myself scarcely understand, about Cato when he was four years old. Look to the building of the refectory, as you do. Tertia will be there, so that Publius be not bespoken. This Demetri●s was never Phalareus, but now it plainly appears that he is Billienus. So as you shall do me a good office to observe him. You know his manner of phrase: Although: Nevertheless; Of those; etc. Yet if you speak with him, give me advertisement, that I may have matter whereof to write, and to write more at large. Look to your recovery, for you cannot do me a greater pleasure.   

Cicero to his Two. Epist. 23.  
THough these monies come not under account, nevertheless if you may, it will be good to take an acknowledge thereof; Balbus writes to me, that he is troubled with such a terrible flux of humours to his eyes as he can not tell me what Antonius hath done about the law. I hope they forbid us not to live in the country. I have written to Bithinicus. See you, who contemn not old age, wh●ther Seruiliu● understand it. Though our Atticus, because he heard, how heretofore I was dismayed at every false all'arme conceives always the like; and perceives not, with what rampiers of Philosophy I am now environed. And certainly because himself is fearful, he seeks to possess others with fear. Yet I will not break with Ant●nius, but preserve entire our ancient friendship, and write unto him, so soon as I have spoken with you. But come not before you have called in your deb●. For the knee is nearer than the leg. To morrow I look for Lep●a. I shall need the sweetness of your discourse, to moderate hi● bitterness. Farewell.   

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 24.  
THough I had written to you, but this morning by Harpalus: notwithstanding having, a fit messenger, I will no● forbear to make a repetition of my ●ormer. Not because I am distrustful of your diligence, but because respects of importance urge me. Great necessity moved me to send you thither for dispatch of our businesses. Procure in any wise, that Offili●s and Aurelius be satisfied, If you cannot get all of Fla●m●, get at least some part; call for the pension dew the Calends of januarie. See you satisfy our Creditors, before your departure. Thus far of matters domestical. About public affairs I am sufficiently informed. I see what be the ends and scopes, of Octavius and Antonius. I know, what you and others may well imagine. I think the worse of myself, that I come not with all speed unto you. But I forthwith expect your letters. And know that Balbus, was in Aquinas, as was told ●ou, and the day after Hirtius. I think they went both unto the Baths. We shall hear, what they have contrived. Give notice to Dolabella's agents, and call earnestly upon Papia. Farewell.   

Cicero the son to Tiro. Epist. 25.  
ALthough you have used a just and fit excuse, of not writing unto me; yet I entreat you not to make a custom of it. For although I be both certified, by messengers, concerning the rumours of the Commonwealth; and my father writes continually, unto me touching his good will towards me: yet a letter wri●ten of every least matter, from you to me, hath been ever most acceptable; wherefore seeing that above all things I desire your letters, deal not with me in such sort, that you perform the the duty of writing, by excuse rather than by daily sending. Fare you well.   

Quintus Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 26.  
Having received another Packet, without your letters, I silently complained of you. You will not be able, to exempt yourself from the penalty of this offence. Mar●u● must defend you, and study well too upon the matter: and yet I cannot tell how he will prove, that you have not committed an error. When I was a little one, I remember our mother, would cause even the empty butts to be ●●●led: because, if any of the full were by stealth drunk out, they might not say, 'twas one of the empty ones; and I would have you do the like. Though you have nothing whereof to write, yet write. Your letters carry always with them, truth and contentment. Love us, and Farewell.   

Quintus Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 27.  
IF my brother, either in modesty, or through haste hath lightly reprehended me of my negligence; you have freely touched me even to the quick; and in words no less significant, written to me of the Consuls assigned; Whom I know to be more lustful, and languishing then any woman. And if by misfortune they be not removed from the government, we● are all in danger of a shipwreck. A man would not believe the wicked pranks, which I know they performed in the Galliae, when they lay in the face of the enemy that Summer that I was there; and if it be not provided for, the vices of Antonius, being like their own, he will be easily able to allure them. It is requisite, that the counsel either of the Tribunes, or of some private person, should defend the commonwealth. For these two are scarce worthy, that one of them should have Cesena, or the other the freehold of the foundations of the C●ss●tian Taverns committed to him. I love you as I told you, heartily. And about the end of this month I will see you: and wheresoever I meet you, I will sweetly kiss your eyes, though it were in the midst of the market place. Love me and Farewell.   
FINIS.  
Tityre, tu patulae: Cecinit molimine primo; Postera qui repetens: ARMA VIRUMQVE CANit.   

Faults escaped.  
PAge 3. line pra: Hipsaeus. read hip: p. 15. line si: can without, read cann●t without. p. 59 l sh: put out, for●his ●his. 68 t●: put out suddenly. p. 70 we: put out, you might rather have foreseen then any of us. p. 8. l. ●i: which our. r. which your. 109 he: told. r. could. p. 123. Mo: gave entertainment. r. kept your Sessions. ●i: gave. r. kept. p. 150. me: not standing. r. notwithstanding. p. 146. fr: h●r; r. it. p. 153. vi: us; both. r. us both; p. 165. th● put out, one of. 169. ne: neither. r. either. nor. r. or. 177. h●: service. r. survive. p. 209. Lelius. r. Laelius. p. 214. fo: Dionysius. r. Dionysius. 219. me: prosected. read prosecuted. 225. ma, the. r. their. 225. Gyminician. r. Gymnician. 137. na: neither. r. either. 259. as: put ou●, he. 267. of: unwilling. r. unwillingly. 299. si: rip the. r. rip up the. 302. do: this. r. his. 314. Ki: kind beast. r. kind of beast. 318. en: soons. soon. 334. th'. school Epi. r. scholle of Epi. 3●5. an: and of the. r. and ●he. 356. La: put out, I. 364. all● put out, not.