A 〈…〉 FRVTEF●● AND APPRO●●●● Treatise, for the Artificious 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that Malady called in Latin 〈…〉 in English, the Evil, cured by 〈…〉 Queen's of England  
Very necessary for all youn 〈◊〉 of Chirurgery.  
Written by WILLIAM CLOWES 〈…〉 Chirurgeons, in the year 〈…〉  
Imprinted at London by 〈◊〉 Allde. 1602.   

The Epistle to the Reader.  
WHen I considered with myself (courteous and friendly Reader) the grave & wise saying of Tully: that Honour maintaineth Arts, whereby men are greatly addicted to study: So, as it is said, if a man look into the course of this world, and into humane affairs, ye shall find that such Arts as serve the people's necessity, & have their necessary use in the common wealth, have been greatly esteemed, and the Professors thereof highly rewarded. Amongst a number of which laudable Arts & Sciences, let us make our consideration of Chirurgery, the maintain●● and restorer of our healths: For it is a most true received opinion amongst worthy writers, that Chirurgery is (indeed) an ancient part of Physic, as it appeareth by jaques Guillemeau of Orleans ordinary Chirurgeon to the now French King: who avoucheth, that before Physic was invented, created, or found out, Chirurgery was practised, and sufficiently known in all places: as it appeareth (saith he) by the testimony of Homer, in the second book of his Ilyades: who wrote the valiant enterprises, and travels of Ulysses, as did T●●tus Livius, the worthy acts and monuments of the Ancient Romans'. Moreover, it is said, that Apollo for his skill, and Aesculapius his son, were honoured (as Gods) of all the worthy Grecians, Podalerius and Machaon the two sons of Aesculapius, were held in great honour & reputation, at the siege of Troy, under A gamenon, Captain of the Grecians. Moreover, Hypocrates the paragon of all ages, was highly esteemed by the Athenians: Erasistratus, of Noble Saleucus: Diocles, of Antigonus: Oribasius, julian: Dioscorides, of Marcus Antonius, and Cleopatra: who followed the wars over Egypt, Parthia, Armenia, Persia, India and Syria: and all to augment and increase their knowledge & skill. Last of all the said Worthies, I here nominate Galen, who is called the light of all good learning: and he also was greatly honoured of trajan the Emperor, and he followed the wars with 〈…〉 Europa: I had here likewise thought good to have spoken somewhat of Paracelsus, but I must confess his Doctrine hath a more pregnant sense, than my wit or reach is able to construe: only this I can say by experience, that I have practised certain of his inventions chirurgical, the which I have found to be singular good, & worthy of great commendations. How be it, much strife I know there is between the Galenistes and the Paracelsians, as was in times passed between Ajax and Ulysses, for Achilles' Armour. Notwithstanding, for my part I will here set up my rest & contentation, how impertinent and unseemly so ever it make show: That is to say, if I find (either by reason or experience) any thing that may be to the good of the Patients, and better increase of my knowledge & skill in the Art of Chirurgery, be it either in Galen or Paracelsus; yea, Turk, jew, or any other Infidel: I will not refuse it, but be thankful to God for the same. How be it, I will in no wise meddle with their Infidelity, though I embrace their knowledge and skill in human verityes and inventions, be it either in Physic or Chirurgery, or any of the other laudable Sciences. Now I will discourse no further, until a more fit opportunity be offered: But very briefly I mean here to demonstrate and deliver unto the friendly Reader, the cure of a certain unnatural tumour or abscess, called in Latin, Struma: of the Arabians, Steophala: but generally, in English, it is called, the Kings or Queen's Evil: A disease repugnant to nature: which grievous malady is known to be miraculously cured & healed, by the sacred hands of the Queen's most Royal Majesty, even by Divine inspiration and wonderful work and power of God, above man's skill, Art and expectation: Through whose Princely Clemency, a mighty number of her majesties most Loyal subjects, and also many strangers borne, are daily cured and healed, which otherwise would most miserably have perished. For many of them (their poverty was such) were not able to pay but a very little or nothing at all for their cure. And so I here conclude, that as God by his divine gifts, doth cure this Strumous Malady: so also of his great goodness, he doth give Artificial gifts, for the curing of the said Infirmity. But whereas Artificial gifts do many times fail thee, do his divine gifts take place & revaile: as after more at large shall appear.  
William Clowes, one of her majesties chirurgeons.   

Tho: Bonhami, in Medic: Doct. Exastichon: In laudem Authoris.  
CLUSIUS es dictus, meliús sed APERTIUS esses:  
Clausa aperîs, alios quae latuêre prius,  
Regalisquam mali causam, auxiliunquam RECLUDENS,  
Doctus Apollineae porrigis artis opem.  
Multi Asclepiadae frustra hanc petiêre coronam,  
Solus habê, palmam hanc tradit Apollo tibi.  
FINIS.   

Gent. in commendation of William Clowes his book.  

BY long experience and by practise great,  
Time hath afforded to this painful man  
A helpful cure, which heretofore to treat,  
The greatest Clerks have doubted how & when.  
To cure the same give Clowes due praise therefore,  
That hath performed this and many more.   

But yet conceive, this is not Clowes his cure,  
Our Sovereign Lady, and his Mistress Queen:  
Seems well content her man may put in ure  
So much as she affords; as may be seen  
By Clowes his scope, the rest she challengeth,  
As Queen anointed and by Royal birth.   

Then Physic yield; give place Chirurgery;  
The Rational and practic for this pain  
Are both a like: her Peerless Majesty  
Healeth by God alone, Art is but vain.  
This she performs, to write I must surcease,  
Her hidden skill no pen can well express.   

How much then are we to the high God bound,  
For sending us this Princess here on earth?  
Within whose breast, such helps are daily found,  
As heals her subjects at the point of death.  
She cures, she cares, she saves us all by skill:  
She hurteth none, but helps with loving will.   

Live, live for aye: what humour leadeth me?  
I 'gan to write in William Clowes his praise;  
Her only name hath drawn my quill I see.  
And daunted so my sense by sundry ways:  
That like as Zenxis shadowed his intent,  
With some conceit, so I the same way went.   
FINIS.   

Thomas Parkin Chyrurgie professor.  

THe happy sacred hand, of our dread Sovereign Queen,  
The Princely loving zeal, of her most Royal heart,  
Throughout her highness land, her subjects all have seen  
To cure, to help, to heal, our care, our harm, our smart.  
To God all glory for her Gracious Reign,  
To her all blessings, that on earth remain.   

And thanks, and thanks to Clowes, for this his zealous toil,  
In searching out the light, of Chyrons' hidden skill:  
And for the love he shows, to countries native soil,  
To practise, find, and write, for all instructions still,  
Let Clowes be loved, his fame and him defend,  
Who, what he proved, the same for us hath penned.   
FINIS.   

〈…〉 practitioner of Physic and Chirurgery.  

LET him give thanks, that hath not else  
wherewith to gratify  
His friend, that gives so great a gift  
to cure the Strumacye.  
Nor that alone he comprehends;  
his helpful remedies:  
Dissolve hard Tumours, cold Inflations,  
Fluxes and Nodosities:  
Approaching age makes wisdom in his tongue,  
His heart gained Art, when yet his years were young.   

He Chemic Art disclaims to know,  
yet Laudanum he shows:  
And many good collections more,  
(his pen doth here disclose)  
The quintessence of his whole life,  
in gaining skill consumed:  
He granteth frankly to thine use,  
with Science sweets perfumed.  
Future times shall praise his meditation,  
And him repose in heavens consolation.   

Base ignorance bids me conceal,  
mine own unworthiness:  
True love to Art compelles me more,  
Teschew ungratefulness.  
Impute my faults t'affectionsforce,  
and his well deserving,  
That spends his spirits and restless hours,  
in man's life preserving.  
The long experience and good Art of this our Clowes,  
Deserveth rightly more reward than Laurel bows.   
FINIS.   


AN INTRODUCTION, With an Apology or answer to certain malicious back-biters.  
IT is certainly affirmed, and confidently reputed and holden, of divers worthy Physicians and Chirurgeons, both Ancient and such as have flourished of late years, which have entreated of the Cure of the before named dolorous Malady: and they all by one uniform consent and voice, conclude and agree, that it is a Glandulus Tumour or swelling, hard, knotty, and kyrnelly, having their beginning and growing, contrary and besides nature, and is engendered of gross matter and Phlegm: And (as saith jacobus Ruffus) they are most commonly included within their peculiar Cistis, film or skin, as is Steatoma, Atheroma, and Meliceris: which aforesaid skin is known to be engendered of a cold congealed, tough, glewish humour or substance of the kernels, whereof a skin is made which compasseth them about: Howbeit I have seen (and also it is a most experimented truth) that some kinds of these Phlegmatical Abscessions, when they have been besieged as it were, or beset with vehement dangerous accidents, as hereafter shall be declared, which in continuance of time have been the cause they have grown corrupted & unmovable, or fixed unto the parts adjoining: whereby after there hath been separation made, there hath not been found any bladder or skin at all, notwithstanding the great care & diligence that then was had.  
This most miserable infirmity (saith Paulus Aegineta) doth situate or seat itself in the fore part of the neck & under the Chin: also on the sides of the cheeks, & sometime spreadeth itself upon the breast, & under the Armpits, & groins, & some be deeply lodged a far off in the flesh, & also do oftentimes possess the great Veins and Arteries called Carotides: And those that are thus vexed & subject to this troublesome Infirmity, are for the most part Phlegmatic persons, greatly given to overmuch Idleness & slothfulness of life, & are addicted to excessive and inordinate eating of gross & Phlegmatic meats: which manifold Malady, I have also found by experience, that the Cure thereof stretcheth itself beyond the bounds of other ordinary sicknesses & diseases. Cornelius Celsus likewise saith, that Scrophula is a Tumour, in the which are certain kyrnels engendered of matter and blood, and do most chief grow in the fore part of the Neck, & in the Armpits, the Groin, & in the sides, and hath been found in women's breasts.  
Vigo a man (for his learning and experience in this Cure, & in many other great Infirmities) as it appeareth, was wonderfully graced with the good opinion and favour of the time wherein he lived, & since his death greatly honoured by divers learned Writers, and many other men famous in Physic and Chirurgery: He also saith, that Scrophula taketh the name of Scropha, which signifieth a Sow, that is a Gluttonous and Phlegmatic beast▪ and it groweth in them by reason of their overmuch eating. There be other some again which say, that it is called Scrophula, either because that Sows which give suck be subject to this disease, and that is by reason of their greedy eating: or else because the Sow that giveth Milk brings forth many young ones at once.  
Now here it is to be further noted, that Vigo doth not promise or warrant always, and to every one a certain absolute Cure, but doth (as I, and many other also have done) ascribe the praise and dignity thereof unto Kings and Queens of England, and of France: In deed I have oftentimes read, and I have also been credibly informed by Master Francis Rasis, and Master Peter Lowe, two of the French Kings chirurgeons, that the French King doth also Cure many Strumous people, only by laying on of his hand, and saying: God make thee whole, the King toucheth thee; or, The King toucheth thee, the Lord make thee whole.  
It is further said, that this disease happeneth not always 
Hippolito: Aphor. sect. 3.  unto young children, which be subject to much crudity, & raw humours by voracity: but likewise unto middle aged persons, of a stronger constitution; and also unto very old folks. Many therefore imitating Vigo and other of our Sages, & grave learned Forefathers, do affirm that these Scrofulous tumors be the less dangerous to be cured by the Art of Chirurgery, which is taken in the beginning of the sickness, so far forth as it will please Almighty God to give a grace and blessing to our labours. But undoubtedly, if it be of any long continuance, the Cure thereof may prove very hard and difficult: yea, if it be in the bodies of young persons: But in old folks I have observed very seldom, that they do receive any curation perfectly, by the Art of Chirurgery. I meant, that it is then above my learning and weak capacity to cure the same, if the disease be confirmed, having certain occult and hidden, hard, knotty, kyrnelly swellings, (being deeply lodged and placed in the flesh) but especially about Trachea Arteria, or the wind Pipe, or near the Nerui Recurrentes, or amongst the great Veins and Arteries before named: these (indeed) I hold to be for the most part very dangerous to be attempted, for fear of violating or touching the said principal Vessels, either by incision or caustic remedies, which often times bring with them many unfortunate Symptoms or injurious accidents, as hereafter more at large shall appear.  
Also, it is hard to cure a noisome, corrupt and malignant ulcerous Struma, which doth many times degenerate into incurable, Cancerous & rebellious Phistulous Ulcers: Likewise, I hold it for a certain truth, that the Cure is not to be attempted by the Art of Chirurgery, if a man have it by inheritance, and so naturally borne from their Parents: These kinds of Scropholus abcessions do rather presage a Divine and holy curation, which is most admirable to the world, that I have seen and known performed and done by the sacred and blessed hands of the queens most Royal Majesty, whose happiness and felicity the Lord long continue.  
But sith the barrenness of my learning, and wit is such, and that my memory will not afford me, here orderly to set down in few words, that which I do conceive and understand, touching this my determined purpose, for the Cure of this heinous Malady: which, in the Pilgrimage of my practise and contemplations, I have most diligently observed, not only by mine own self, with such portion of knowledge as the Lord hath endued me withal: But also I have been a diligent and a painful observer of the labours and practices of others, being men of great knowledge and sound judgement in the Art: Wherefore to make here manifest, the cause which hath pricked me here forward to leave my other affairs, and so to draw me from my ordinary practices and studies, being more beneficial for my maintenances, is not that I go about hereby to impair the credit or reputation of others, being more ancient Professors. It is (the Lord God knoweth) far from my true meaning, they are those whom I love, honour and reverence: Neither do I here ambitiously go about with the sweet impression of fair promises (greater than my ability is) to teach and instruct, or curiously to set down, a better and perfecter way of curing this heinous Malady (than others more learned men before me) I may not well say so. Nevertheless, he hardly may be accounted for a good Soldier, which hath learned no more than his Captain hath taught him: or a barrensconce, that hath no inventions in it: But I will confess here the only cause, (why I have enterprised, or taken upon me to write of this forenamed Infirmity) is I protest, a token of my love and diligence towards all young Practisers of this noble Art of chirurgery, (howsoever otherwise, a painful and tedious travel unto me.) Notwithstanding, I could in no wise satisfy the expectation of certain of my unfeigned friends, but that I must make here a true & brief rehearsal of my own observations and knowledge, touching the cure of the foresaid Evil, which a long time I have practised. How be it, being sorry to minister 
An Apology to answer certain reproachful backbiters.  offence to any, by reason of publication hereof. Notwithstanding, I have been credibly informed, and also it is unto myself well known, there be some whom I little suspected, and less thought upon, would have been so wilfully bend, without just cause to give occasion of offence, and did seem as it were to repine and mislike of this my enterprise: and as it were, did partly reject my knowledge and judgement, concerning the Cure before named: and in the presence of certain persons of good sort, broke out with ambitious curiosity, and said I was not capable of the Theoric of this my Subject, and so wanted knowledge of myself to publish these matters, which I have here taken upon me in some measure to perform: and thus went about, not only to discredit me, but likewise to put me to utter silence, as though I had spent all the days of my life in the rude woods or wild Forest of Ignorance. Which thing as it grieved me to hear, so in manner it forced me to answer: Let these men soothe themselves (I say) never so much, they are known to be of no such deep learning nor exquisite Literature, as they would make the world believe: Howbeit, if it please these envious men to speak & judge of me with equity & right: it is well known to most men, 
He that will use Chirurgery must needly follow the wars & attend on foreign Armies. Hipo. Lib. de. Medic.  that I have studied & practised this worthy Art of Chirurgery, sithence the 4. year of her majesties Reign, Anno Dom. 1563. Where, first I served in her highness wars at New-haven, under the command of the Right Honourable Ambrose Earl of Warwick. Knight of the Noble Order of the Garter, than Lieutenant of the Army & Forces in those parts. After with service being ended & before, I was appointed Chirurgeon, to serve in her majesties Navy in her ships Royal, & also in other men of war: within a small time after, I was employed in the Hospitals in London, and there practised the said Art of Chirurgery for certain years, until I was sent for unto the wars in the Low Countries, by the Noble Earl of Leicester: and further, commanded by her Majesty, with all speed to repair unto the said Earl, where I continued for the space of 9 Months: & since & before I have had conference, & also often practised, with the best and skilfullest chirurgeons, both English and Strangers, within the City of London and else where: and now as it were, partly overworn with years and Services. Notwithstanding, by her majesties favour and good liking (whom the Almighty long preserve) now I am sworn & admitted one of her highness Chirurgeons. And therefore in all reasonable 
He that pitch doth touch, shall defiled be with such  likelihood, I am not so barren or gross witted, and unlearned in the Art, as some have termed me to be. And ye shall further understand, it was not long before, it pleased some of them to say, they had graced me with the good opinion they had of me: and moreover stood in the gap of my defence against other such, which then were also sore troubled with the Flux of a fowl mouth, & used me at their pleasures for their common Table talk, with scoffing, fleering, and deriding above manners and modesty. The same being told me, me thought it was a strange alteration: howbeit, I did take their good speeches very kindly, and so would have done still, if it had pleased them to continue in the same good opinion of me, or to have been silent. But it is truly said, Hannibal knew well how to subdue the Romans, yet he knew not how to entertain his Victories. It is not enough for a man to have begun a good work, unless he still presever & continue in the same: Wherefore I will here abbreviate my speeches, wishing to God, that this my labour were so perfect, that I needed not to regard the curious examination & censure of any adversary: neither will I detain you with many more circumstances, but here acknowledge my own unworthiness. And therefore I beseech thee friendly Reader, in a word to suffer me with patience to signify unto you, that I do not here peremptorily go about to teach or instruct such persons which are already grounded in the principles and knowledge of this Art: But my only meaning is to direct my whole course, according (as I have observed) the best learned have heretofore done in all times and ages, that is unto the junior or younger Chirurgeon's: when, as it were, have made but an entrance into the practice of the said faculty, whose skill (peradventure) is as yet not so profound, that they are able to search or obtain the knowledge out of strange tongues, so far fourth that they cannot possibly in a short time come to the highest of that knowledge, which they heartily wish for. Indeed, it is (I suppose) unpossible in the whole course of man's life, even unto that Period, which (of the Learned) is called Man's Age: that he is able without great care, study and much diligence, to labour commendably, and with a good conscience to work in the Vineyard of Chirurgery: yet I know there be many young Students in the Art, will be always ready, and most willing to discharge their duties in such matters as they shall take upon them to deal in, whether it be in this kind of cure, or otherwise. And also will be very careful, not only for conscience sake, but even by a natural desire, to seek to increase their skill and necessary knowledge, and therefore it is truly said: the good intent of such honest and well meaning persons, requireth a favourable acceptation, which is as well to be esteemed, as the performance of them that be best able. And these will be ready to manifest the same by yielding some fruit of their painful labour and diligence: And now I will leave off discoursing, and begin to speak of my determined purpose, and to make the same more plainly known, which I have heretofore kept secret unto myself: howbeit, the greatest secret that is, may no longer be called a Secret, when the whole multitude is made acquainted with it.  
THe Cure of the foresaid Evil is manifold: to wit, inwardly and out wardly, and is performed by two special remedies: the one Medicinal, and the other Instrumental, without the which few good works or Cures in Chirurgery can be brought to perfection: The reason is, because in this Cure, the uncleanness of the body is such, which feeds the matter of the disease. Therefore, first of all the matter must be purged, for as it is said, the root of all the Cure is the well purging of the body, whereby Nature is the better enabled to expel and unburden herself of many had and unprofitable humours. And now (by the favour of the learned) I will therefore begin with remedies Medicinal, according to the manner of Method, published by Calmatheus, one whom amongst many other learned men in Physic and Chirurgery, I have observed most diligently, as it were a day-star or Crystalline clear looking glass, following him with fervent zeal and earnest desire: by reason (as it seemeth unto me) he was not ignorant in any thing that might make for the truth of his writing, chief for the Cure of the foresaid Evil. Yet (I protest) I am no such devote favourite of his, or any other man's whatsoever, further than justly they have deserved: which is the only cause that hath moved me to have a reverent estimation of him and all other learned men, whether they do remain beyond the Sea, or otherwise abide with us at home.  
NOw followeth the manner of Method, by Physical 
Struma.  remedies for the Cure of Struma, or the Evil which our Kings or Nuéenes have and do still Cure: the experimental proof thereof I have often times seen effected: wherefore I will be short, and presently proceed unto the first intention.   


The first Intention Physical by Inward means.  
THe first Intention (after Calmatheus) in the 12. Chap. of his book, for the general cure of Unnatural tumors, is that the curing of this disease called Struma, doth consist in Diet that drieth moderately, & heateth and attenuateth the humours: Hunger is profitable, and fullness is hurtful: Sleep and Idleness are evil: exercise before meat very good: the use of Sulphur or Alum water, is very good and profitable.   

The second Intention Physical by Inward means.  
THe second Intention is the use of breaking, attenuating, mundifying & opening Medicaments; as are these Remedies now following. viz.  
Recipe. Rad, Ireos. Cort. Sambucj.  
Boiled in white wine, then add unto this decoction, a quantity of Ginger. For this decoction breaketh, attenuateth, openeth & mundifieth dolorous Tumours: so doth it also provoke urine, with in this affect is a special matter.  
The often use of the Pills of Hiera simplex is much commended to cast out Phlegm of the stomach & guts.  
But if so be that thou wilt purge the whole body, thou shalt use the Pills of Agarico Coccis: if thou list to dissolve & cast out Phlegm, these Pills following must be taken, viz. Pillulae de Sagap: de Opopan, de Elleboro, de Euphorbio. The Physicians in times past commended the powder of Turbith, Ginger, and Sugar, of each equal parts: The Doses whereof was to two Dragmes.   

The third Intention Physical by Inward means.  
THe third Intention is the use of this powder▪ which doth consume (as they term it) the Antecedent matter, which it doth aswell by his manifest quality, and (as they say) by a secret property.  
This powder doth consume Phlegm, by little & little.  
℞. Rad. Aristo. Rotundae. An. ʒ i.  Raphani.  Spattulae foetidae. Fol. Pimpinell. An. ʒ two.  Pilosell.  Rutae Maioris.  Scrophulariae. An. ʒ. ss.  Philipend.  Semen Anisi▪ ʒ two.  Zingiber. ʒ i.  Turbith▪ Optimi An. ʒ iii  Seine Orient.  Saccari Albissimi. ℥ iii.  
Make all these into powder, and let the Patient take every day in the morning a Spoonful, with white Wine, or the water of Broome.  
Guido taketh the forenamed powders, and boileth them in white Wine until half, & giveth every third day one quarter thereof.  
Galen approveth & commendeth the use of Theriaca Vetus, Athanasia et Ambrosia. The use of Aurea Alexandrina for the comforting of the stomach, is very good. Also it is said that Theriaca Athanasia do both resolve, break and digest humours, being compact and gathered together in the profundity of the body.  
Mercurialis saith moreover, that about the purging of children (which is diligently to be observed) the state of 
Purging of children after Mercurialis.  children is weak, that it must be handled with very gentle medicines, & rather to be often repeated, & more easier than to minister any strong Medicines: therefore the belly shall thus be mollified.  
℞. Mellis Rosatj. ℥. iii. Misce.  Decoctionis fructuum. ℥. i.  Foliorum Senae. ℥. two. ss.  
But that the humours may be prepared, it must be done with this Medicine.  
℞. Folior. Scrophulariae Ana. M. ss.  Plantaginis.  Betonicae.  Menthae.  
Make a Decoction according to Art, and then take of the said Decoction ℥. j Syrupj Rosatj recentis, Oxymel. simplisis Ana. ℥. ss. Mingle these: When the humours be prepared, they may be purged with this Medicine.  
℞. Agaricjs Trochiscat. ℥. j  Squinantj. gra. ij.  
Stéep them in Betony water and strain them and put thereto.  
℞. Mellis Rosatj solutiuj. ℥. two.  Electuarii de Psylio. ℥. i.  Decoctionis Cordialis ℥. i.  Polipodio. ℥. two.  
Thus much as concerning this brief note, or compendious Method of the forenamed Authors, which may very well serve for a very fit Precedent or beginning to the rest that followeth:    

Now it remaineth that I make here also report of the singular and rare efficacy of our manuel operation thereunto annexed and belonging, with the right use of the topical or outward remedies, which is to be externally applied. The reason is, because it is referred unto the skilful Chirurgeons manuel or handy working, for the Cure of this great Infirmity, which doth outwardly affect the superficial parts of the body.  
For (as saith jacobus Ruffus) that to the perfection and accomplishing of the foresaid Cure (called, The Evil by the King, or Queen Cured) he doth reduce it into six Intentions chirurgical, as followeth. The experimental verifying of his excellent skill in this disease, as also in many others, is by divers worthy men often times commended: which Malady doth vex and trouble most pitifully the common sort of people. 
jacobus Rufus his 6 Intentions chirurgical, by outward means.   

1 The first Intention is, 
In Attritione, et Compressione.  2 The second Intention is, 
In Discussione, et Resolutione.  3 The third Intention is, 
In Suppuratione et Maturatione.  4 The fourth Intention is, 
In Incisione et Extractione.  5 The fift Intention is, 
In Corrosione et Mundificatione.  6 The sixth Intention is, 
In Obligatione et Euultione.    
ALso (after Fuchsius and other learned men) it is accordingly to be understood as followeth: who also hath written of these phlegmatical or Glandulous abcessions called Struma.  
If (say they) these abscessions that be seated in the strong parts of the body, and because they are not yet old and inveterate, having a thin Cystis that covereth them: these are to be appeased and consumed, and after dried up.  

The first Intention v by outward means.  
NOw I will set down Examples and Instances for the Cure of the said Malady, the which I have observed and gathered (as hereafter ensueth) for the perfection and accomplishing of the before named first Intention, if the strength and ability of the Patient will serve and admit the same. Then one chief thing (as you are before told) is, that the Patient do keep athin & sparing diet, which is the efficient cause belonging unto Physic. The reason is, as I have noted, that those which are thus affected, have always a great inclination to a gross disordered liberty of feeding: Therefore the Patient must be sustained with such meats, as are agreeable to Nature, and to eschew such meats which make gross Juice: and not (as it is said) to lay gorge upon gorge. And further ye shall note, though it be said before, that abstinence is greatly to be commended: yet you must consider it is not meant, that Nature should there by be enfeebled, or overthrown, and that especially in weak bodies, great care must be had: But only to keep all possible abstinence, that is to eat and drink sparingly and measurably, only to preserve the strength, and to satisfy Nature: I mean, that it be such as is agreeable to the strength of the Patient, and greatness of the Infirmity.  
Likewise it is said, the often use of purging and bleeding on both the Arms, is profitable. Also, it is available to use Frictions, Rubbing, Boxings, and Blistering is much praised after purge, for it stoppeth the flowing matter (being applied upon the head) by revulsion or drawing back, & causeth evacuation. Moreover, it is said, that to discuss these kinds of tumors which are found in movable parts, & superficially lodged near unto the outward parts, A plate of Lead is most familiar therefore, especially in young persons, by reason of the rarity and softness of the skin: It is thought unfit (by divers learned men) to blister children's heads with Cantharideses, it hath been seen to cause much pain 
Mercurialis condemnetia this course, rather commending Flamula lovis, or such like.  and pissing of blood: but to do it by advisement, either with Mustard or with Nettles, is good.  
Also, many learned men, of a certain knowledge and sound understanding, have in their books greatly commended a plaster made thus: Recipe. Old dried goats dung, Honey and Vinegar, being decocted at an easy fire, to the consistence of a plaster. Also, doves dung mingled with honey, hath the same effect. So is it by me also well approved, this plaster called Oxicroceum, whose composition is not far to be sought for.  
℞. 

Cerae, Picis, Colophen, Croci. An. ℥. iiii.  
Terebinth, Galbanun, Ammoniaci. An. ℥. j ʒ. iiij.  
Mastici, Olibanum. An. ℥. j ʒ. iiij.    
Dissolve the Gums in Vinegar, and powder that which is to be powdered, & so make a plaster according to Art: Also a plaster of Figs baked and spread, and so applied upon Struma is approved good.  
Likewise, Oleum Cucumiris Asininus, dropped into the ear, on that side where the Struma is, is most effectual to disperse and dissolve.  
In like manner, is generally commended Emplastrun de Ranis cum Mercurio, to be appropriate and respective in this Cure, to consume superfluous humidity, engendering this disease.  
Howbeit, upon a time a certain repining envious man, being full gorged with a malicious railing spirit, being proudly given (in the gall of much bitterness, with many scandalous words, and bragging comparisons ill beseeming his person) reported that the aforesaid plaster De Ranis was dangerous unto the patiented; and said, who so did hold the contrary opinion, it was 
Such is the impudence of bold blindness.  erroneous, foolish and deceitful: by reason (quoth he) of the coldness of the Quicksilver: and boldly did seem to maintain the same, with a number of very spruce terms, and picked phrases, like as young Children use to do, when (in mockery) they counterfeit a strange kind of language, & forsooth placed them as it were in Geometrical proportions, as though he had been the only Son of Archime des that great Geometritian. In deed it is a most true saying: That fish which is bred in the dirt will always taste of the Mud: And I told him that I never yet found any more coldness in this Plaster, than there is heat in a painted fire. But this I do speak upon mine own knowledge, that there is as much difference in Art and Judgement, between this odd fellow (which would seem to be a second Aesculapius) and a man replenished with true knowledge indeed, as is between a Master Cook and a Scullion of a Kitchen. Howbeit, he said also, that his skill was such, that if a man were wounded at York, bring him the weapon that hurt the Patient, and he would cure him (forsooth) by only dressing of the weapon, and though be never see the Patient. As certain as the Sea burns. And now here I will surcease to speak any further of these matters, for I regarded not such sayings, sith it is truly said; Every man must yield an account, both of his case, and of his labour. Themistocl●s, a Captain of 
Scientia no● habet inimicum nisi ignorantem.  the Grecians (as Historians make mention) supposed it better to be en●yed of the malicious, then to live in Idleness and baseness of mind, without doing some good for the benefit of his Country and Common wealth, wherein he was borne and bred.  
Now to the second Intention, and so in order with the rest as they do lie, and offer themselves unto us.   

The second Intention v by outward means.  
THe second Intention chirurgical, is the right use of those remedies which do mollify, discuss and consume great abscessions, which are not yet hard and inveterate.  
And that the same is true, may easily be gathered as followeth. And for that I would have this second Intention made plain (as much as in me lieth) and also familiarly known unto the studious Reader: I do therefore say, It is meet and convenient, that those Medicamentes which are to be used, be of the Nature and property to mollify and discuss, and so to open the powers of the skin by evaporating, breathing and scattering abroad, and make thin the gross matter and Phlegm. Then for the better performance thereof, without further discoursing, I will here presently set down (as it were) a Storehouse of divers and sundry 
Montanus supposeth these Strumous tumors sometime to proceed from Melancholy  approved chirurgical remedies, necessary for the curing and safe healing of the forenamed Strumacie and Phlegmatical sickness: The which from time to time I have by experience (the Mistress of all Aries and Sciences) carefully observed, and faithfully also collected out of the famous writings of sundry worthy Authors, as also out of the fruitful labours, of divers men famous in experience: whose painful travails and studies, have (at this day) most excellently refined this worthy Art of Chirurgery from Barbarism: otherwise it is greatly to be feared, a number at this day had not been so skilful and rich in knowledge, and otherwise, as they are said to be. Therefore we ought not to think any study, pains, or travail too great, wherein we hope of much benefit to our patients, and also profit and commodity to ourselves: And here I must needs say, (according to my poor ability) I have myself been very industrious for the common benefit, and good of others, truly to set down divers approved remedies of mine own collection: wherein (to my knowledge) I have not in all this whole discourse, published any superfluous and unapprooved remedies, or otherwise kept back any worthy secret I had: but as did the evangelical and heavenly woman mentioned in the Scriptures, who presented into the Lord's Treasury all the wealth & substance she had. Notwithstanding, I have read the men in times past did with great care & diligence consecrate & keep secret (as a precious treasure unto themselves) all such chosen & peculiar remedies, with they had experienced & approved for the curing & healing of any dangerous malady: and (as it is said) bound themselves by oath one to another, not to bewray their Secrets by their books or writings. Howbeit, I more regarding the public utility & good of posterity, did with great care & diligence consider with myself, what profit can there be to any man to bury his labours in the lake of oblivion, or otherwise to hide it in the den of darkness. And although I know the matter here spoken of, may seem a paradox to some, & so of small worth: nevertheless, although I am none of the greatest Clarks, yet I know it will be more available, than some happily do make account of. For which cause I have laboured with as much perspicuity & plainness, as possible I could, to delivet the truth of my honest & faithful good meaning, so far forth as God ha●● enabled me in knowledge, skill & memory. Wherefore I mean here presently to make public & open testimony of the same, though now and then I make a little digression, and serve from my matter, by reason of certain Crosbyters, who have heretofore (behind my back, and to my face also) not a little abused me: Howbeit, I will here conclude this discourse concerning this Second Intention chirurgical, & do confess and considerately affirm, that there is but few men's labours at the first made so perfect, but that in process of time & further consideration, they may be bettered, corrected and amended. Yet I cannot but much marvel, that wise men now a days are grown to this pass, that they do so seriously follow exorcisms and the Illusions of certain Charms of Clouts and Rags, which is very inhuman and barbarous; never practised, neither written of, nor allowed by any learned Physician or Chirurgeon that ever I yet heard or read of. Howbeit, the world is (as it were) led in a string & carried away to believe these vanities, which make a shadow or show of verity for the safe curing of divers maladies, & seldom (they say) miss not: But I know the contrary is true, for I have cured both old & young persons, when these Charmers of clouts & rags, with their incredible operations have failed them, & proved flat foolery & absurdities. But to leave this new Leech craft, with their doting inventions, I will here speak of divers remedies very respective & appropriate, for the cure of the before named infirmity, as a precedent and example for young practisers of Chirurgery to follow. Now unto the said Second Intention, which is first to set down those special remedies, whose properties are to open the pooers of the skin, & to soften the hard parts by inse●cible transspiration.  
A choice and special mollyfying and resolving plasster, and serveth well for the curing of this grievance: As myself have many times approved. 
jacobus Ruffus.   
℞. 

Serapini. ℥ iiii.  
Ammoniaci. ℥ iii.  
Bdeilij. ℥ i.  
Galbani. ℥ i.  
Euphorbij. ℥ two.    
Let these be dissolved in good Malmsey, and then add thereunto.  
Ol. Lilior. An. ℥ i Ol. Amigdalar. Propoleos. ℥ iiii. ss.  
Mice, fiat Implastrum.  
Another. 
Clowes.   
℞. Galbani. An. ℥ three  Ammoniaci.  Picis Albae.  Cerae Citrinae. ℥ iiii.  Ol. pedis Vaccini. q. s.  
Misce.  
I do many times instead of the Dyle, take the Marrow: Then what profit doth ensue, time will approve the same.  
Another. 
Haly the Abbot.   
℞. Farinae fabar. An. ℥. v. Farinae Hord. Liqueritiae, An. ʒ x▪ Rad. Althaeae. Picis. Cerae Albae. An. ℥ x. Adipis Anserini.  
Let there be added the Urine of a Boy, and of old Oil q s. And so boil it to the form of a Plaster.  
Another. 
Banister.   
℞. Gum. Ammoniaci. lb▪ ss.  Rad. Brioniae in pull. ℥ i.  Turp. Mineralis▪ ℥ i.  Cinnabrij. ℥ x.  Cerae. ℥ two.  
Let the Gum armoniac be dissolved in Vinegar, according to Art●, and a●ter made up in rolls. Among a number of his memorable deeds, which he hath left unto the mind and memory of posterity, this his Plaster deserveth great commendations.  
Another. 
Mercurialis.   
Mercurialis commendeth a Plaster made of lime and Salt-Petre, of each like much, being mixed with Barrowes grease. q. s. But such remedies are too strong for Children, lest it cause Agnes, and hurt the soft and tender flesh of their bodies, (chief about the Neck) it is to be avoided. Moreover▪ I read▪ that to make a Plaster of Nitrum and lime, of each a like quantity, and of Cardamonium & Fenygreeke 4. times so to much, and with honey make héeroof a Plaster.  
Aetius▪ saith, when Struma beginneth in children, they must be molifyed and dispersed: And for mollifying in children is approved this remedy following.  
℞. Diachylon. ℥ iiii▪  Oesypi. ℥ i.  Radicum Ireos ℥ iiii.  Pulueriset.  
Misce.  
Another.  
Recipe. The Lées of white or red wine, & of strong Vinegar, of each a quart: Mallow leaves 4. good handful: Boil them till the leaves be tender, then stamp the leaves, & put them again into the said liquor, with half a pound of sweet butter: of barley meal & of bean meal, of each a good handful: Of linseed & Fenigrek of each 4. ounces: Of the powder of red Rose leaves one good handful▪ Of yolks of Eggs 3. or 4. an of Saffron the weight of 3. d▪ fiat cat ap las.  
I might easily bring in a confused number of other remedies to the same end & purpose, out of divers learned men's writings, which here to repeat were needles, and to no great use, sith I know these may suffice: Wherefore I think it good to pretermit the nominating of the rest, etc.   

The third Intention v by outward means.  
THe third Intention is, to ripen, open and cleanse such Phlegmatical Corruptions and Ulcerous Apostumes, which do pertain to Suppuration: This needeth no long discourse, sith it plainly appeareth, that these troublesome, hard kernelly swellings, be found so rebellious▪ that they do resist all emollientes and diaphoretical remedies before named: by means whereof it can not be dissolved & consumed as we happily would, or do desire. For which causes we are further constrained to alter our course, with due consideration, that is to wit: Not to leave the Patiented helpless, but to use stronger Medicamentes, I mean Suppuratives, as is before said, such as whose property is to bring superfluous humours to maturity and ripeness, by these and such like Emplastic remedies, which (as it is said) do by the closing of the pooers of the skin, augment the natural heat, whereby the matter so enclosed causeth the generation of matter or Pus. But I must confess, I have not often times seen these hard Phlegmatical abcessions easily brought to suppuration. The matter being once cold, dull, Clammy, hard and knotty, and deeply seated, and of a long continuance in a body, whose skin is gross and thick, & the matter hardly compact: These kinds (I have found) do seldom come to maturity and ripeness, unless (as Cornelius Celsus saith) the said tumors be mixed and made of matter and blood. And Trincavel reporteth, that some of these 
Nota.  tumors that have ●eate in them, do ripen and come to matter & suppuration: But there be others that be more hard, and do resist suppuration, and then they come nearer unto the nature of a Scirrhus. Now it followeth that I set down those approved remedies, being in vulgar use, serving for suppuration, which are long ago ratified and well allowed of, by a uniform consent, both of old & late writers, which were men of an industrious capacity, & of a most rare & exquisite knowledge in the Arte. And first I will begin with johannes de Vigo, one of the chief Fathers, & true patrons of all good learning & knowledge in the Art of Chirurgery: As it (in some sort) may appear by Master Bartholomew Traheron, which first Translated. Vigo in the English tongue. In his Epistle Dedicatory (whose judgement therein I do acknowledge) he saith: that although 
Nota.  Vigo were not brought up in the knowledge of the Tongues, yet through his singular wit, long experience, and diligent study, he hath invented and set forth, more notable things in the Art of chirurgery, than any other heretofore: and I think saith he, nothing can better testify the cunning of this man, then that he continued so long in Rome, in such a company of pocky Courtesans: neither Priests, Bishops, nor Cardinals excepted, as it appeareth in his Book: for where such cariones been, the best Eagles will resort, etc.  
A Maturative Plaster. 
Vigö.   
℞. Radices Althaeae. Ana. lb. ss.  Capit. Liliorum.  
Let these boil in a sufficient quantity of Water, and after being stamped, put unto them of Garlic and white Onions roasted, under the coals of each. ℥ iij.  
Ol. Liliorum. An. ℥ two. Butyri. Pinguedinis porcini. An. ℥. two. ss. Anserinae. Farinae Tritici. An. q. s. Fenigreci.  
Make a Plaster at the fire, adding in the end, the yolks of two Eggs: There be some (I know) do● little prize or value this Plaster, but I do acknowledge it to be an infallible remedy.  
Another. 
D. F.   
℞. Radices Bryoniae. lb. ss.  Ceparum. No. two.  Rad. Althaeae recentium. ℥. iiii.  Fol. Maluarum siccarum. p. i.  Hidropiperis. M. i.  Ficuum. An. ℥ j  Passularum Enucleatarum.  
Boil them well, then add unto them.  
Fermenti. An. ℥ two. Axungiae suillae Insulsae. Euphorbij. pull. ℥ i.  
Misce et fiat Emplastrum secundum artem.  
This plaster worketh miraculous effects in this Cure.  
Another Plaster. 
Paulus Aegineta.   
℞. Mirrhae. ℥ x.  Ammoniaci Thymiamatis. ℥ seven.  Visci Quercini. ℥ viii.  Galbani. ℥ iiii.  Propolis. ℥ i.  
Misce et fiat Emplastrum secundum Artem.  
A Maturative Cataplasm.  
Recipe. Rye-bread lib. i. White Onions & of Lily roots, roasted under the Ashes, of each 4. Ounces. A Bryony Root, and Figs boiled in Malmsey, of each 6. Ounc. Fenygreke & Lynséede, of each 3. Oun. Barley meal and Bean meal, of each 4. Oun. Oil of Roses, Camomile and Wormwood, of each 3. Oun. Honey 4. Oun. The yolks of 4. Eggs hard roasted. Saffron the weight of 4. d. Boil all these together to a laudable consistence, and apply it thick unto the grieved parts, morning and evening warm.  
Also I read in johannes Libaulty, his Book Entitled 
This medicine Mercurialis alloweth likewise. cap. de Struma.  Le Meson Rustic, and also in other Learned Writers, that the dung of a Cow heated under the Ashes, betwixt Vine or Colwort leaves, & mingled with vinegar, hath the property to bring Scrofulous swellings to ripeness, etc. Notwithstanding, if all these chance to fail, then have recourse to that which followeth in the Fourth Intention, which is perfomed by Section or Incision, when we find the matter before rehearsed, unfit to yield either to Resolution or Suppuration, etc.   

The fourth Intention v by outward means.  
THe fourth Intention of these Strumous Tumours, which are not cured by former remedies (& yet are gentle, obedient and tractable) is to cut them off, and then to pull them out.  
In the use of these outward incisions, this scope ought chief to be regarded, that is: to be very circumspect in your handy operations, attempted & done concerning the cure of this great Malady: That is, the apertion or opening by lancing or Incision of those glandulous Tumours. For as it is said, blood is the treasure of life, and habitation of the soul: Moreover, it is surely very hard and difficult, especially when there is in the affected place, either Nerve, great Vain, or Artery, etc. Therefore such persons as are to endure this painful action, aught to have much patience, and to be of a good courage: Then it may be the better attempted and done by a cunning and skilful Chirurgeon: which there is no doubt, but he will be so provident, that nothing shall offend. How best, it is not necessary or sufferable over curiously to search and attempt the cutting them out by Incision: For that many of them are subject to violent and inordinate bloody Fluxes, and other evil accidents, which doubtless will much amaze you and hinder your handy operation: I mean, when these Tumours be désply planted, and secretly lodged amongst the great veins and Arteries called Carotides, or otherwise near the Nerui recurrentes, which is often times the cause that some be come speechless there by. And it cannot be justly denied, but that these Incisions have often times been attempted with a lance by our Ancestors & Forefathers. But amongst a number of those worthy men, Wickar being a man of good knowledge & skill in the Cure of the foresaid Evil, his counsel is, that before we do attempt the said action by Incision, the Patient be first laid upon his Bed, and so both his feet must be strongly iyed unto the bed posts, his head & both his hands must also be fast held by men of strength, and skilful in holding: In such sort as we do in cutting those which have the crooked or wry necks. And he that is chosen to be the Operator of the said action, must prudently and wisely (saith Vigo, and other learned men) consider the greatness & smallness of the said Tumour, which must be incised & cut from one length of the Tumour to an other. Then by little & little, separate, divide & undermine the whole Cistis round about, to the very bottom & roots thereof, not rashly, nor by violence, but orderly by degrees, separate with your fingers, & other serviceable instruments, as you use to divide the forenamed Wens called Steatoma, Atheroma and Meliceris: And confessed it is for a certa●●●●, that if any portion or part of the said Cistis or bag, chance to remain behind, and not clear taken away by the roots, it will (doubtless) breed and increase again: But to prevent such grievances, me thinks I cannot speak too sufficiently thereof: wherefore, if any part remain behind, then lay upon it the powder of Mercury precipitate, or (if that be too weak) add to it of Alumen Combust, or Vitriolum Album combust, of each equal portions: notwithstanding I believe, & confidently hold, that the work of your hands is the best instruments you have to trust to, and to relieve you in this distress.  
Moreover, Mercurialis he further saith these words, 
Mercurialis.  for the curing and effecting of this matter: First (saith he) choose some light place, & let the Patiented lie on his bed, for in sitting he will soon sound: therefore bind his legs together, and after bind them to the Bedside, and let one hold his head fast, and then the Chirurgean taking the swelling in his left hand, let him make an Incision, either right or strait, or somewhat crooked, on the neck under the jaw-bones, until he come to the matter enclosed in the Bladder, which is sometimes one and single, as in the lesser swellings, and sometimes double, like the Myrtle leaf in the greater swellings: So that conveniently (either by the fingers or other Instruments) the Bladder may be by little and little separated, and drawn from the next parts, together with the matter enclosed in it. But take good heed that the Bladder be not cut, because it is hardly drawn away, and much hindereth the Cure, and the evil will come again: But if any such thing chance, it were good to consume it with eating Medicines. Great care must also be had, that neither the Arteries, veins, nor notable Nerves be hurt, but by little and little gently put it aside▪ Yet it in the cutting some vessel be divided, and the issue of blood trouble and hinder the work: then apply some meet thing to stay the blood, and so come again to your work: For if the lips of the I●●●sion he inflamed, and the swelling or Stru●a be not safely dissolved away: then lay on a Stupa beaten with the White of an Egg, and such things as be good for stopping of blood. After, apply Medicines that will a little concoct, and then use abstersives, and next such as causeth flesh to grow and heal up the scar.   

The fifth Intention v by outward means.  
THe fifth Intention is, those which are unmovable, and deeply rooted within, Corrode them about and cleanse them thoroughly. I grant it tolerable and very convenient, to use in this Cure the due application of Potential Cauteries, such as whose property and service is to corrode the flesh & the skin, and may with very good circumspection very safely be attempted, being administered upon a body that is of a reasonable constitution, & in such sort that his strength is able to hold and endure the same. A 〈…〉re I will make further demonstration thereof, that is tosay: that your Cautery benot applied upon any Sinnewy part, neither upon the great Veins nor Arteries, for that these be accounted indeed principal and chief vessels: Also you must consider the quality and quantity of the caustic you do administer, for that some are more violent and stronger than other, and some will run and spread more than another.  
jaques Guill●mean Chirurgeon unto the now French King which now is: saith, truly it is not necessary, nor allowable to apply the caustic upon the ends or beginnings of Muscles, for if your Patient that is to be Cauterized, have an unsound and sickly body, you must first of all be sure before you administer the said Cautery, to Phlebotomize & purge him: The reason is, least in the Cauterised parts, there chance to come concursion, or gathering together of humours. Also, it is further said, that a small part of your potential Cauteryes, doth and will work as forcibly on a soft and tender body, as a great quantity thereof will do upon a strong and gross obdurate person. Over and beside, the greater abcessions are to be Cauterized one way, and the lesser an other way, and that with good consideration. And here to put you in memory, that you must be very careful and circumspect in defending the parts round about the said Tumours, for fear (as I have said) that your Cautery do run and spread too far abroad: for the which cause you shall strengthen, fortify & defend the foresaid affected parts, that is to say: by environing and compassing it round about with some repercussive Medicamentes, lest the grieved part (which by long infirmity is become thereby sore weakened & enfeebled) and may so bring with it great swe●●●●g & other evil accidents: And therefore it is not with 〈…〉 odd cause, that the parts grieved be rightly ordered & defended, whereby you shall be sure the better to effect your intended purpose without the said peril or danger but with the highest commendation in preventing the evil that otherwise might ensue: which reasons always induced me to lay round about the Cauterised parts, some special defensive, as is this, or the like hereafter following. 
A good defensative.   
Reci. Emplastrum Diachalcithios dissolved in Ol. papaveris et Ol. ros. whereunto is added Ouorum albumin. et Aceti. ros. An. q.  
Et fiat Emplastrum.  
This done, then presently go about with your caustic, to root out all the whole Schrophulous and hard kernelly substances, either with the common Kuptory or caustic, which in this case best contenteth my mind: the making hereof I do not here set down, because it is so commonly known.  
Howbeit, there is an other caustic, which (as it is reported unto me by a skilful Chirurgeon) doth work without any pain, or very little at al. The reputed Author thereof is said to be a famous practizer in Chirurgery, dwelling at Mountpelier in France. I must needs think reverently of the Author of this caustic, hoping his mind was not such to delight himself with publishing of untruth: But if it do indeed work without pain, the mystery thereof is far above my reach. 
A good potential Cautery:   
Rec. Lixivij Saponarij. lib ij.  Vitriolj Romanj. ℥ iij.  Mercurij sublimatj. ℥ j  
Made into very fine powder: in the end of the boiling put in of Opium 2. drams. Misce et fiat Trochiscj.  
You shall further note, that if at any time your caustic do happen not to work so well and sufficiently to your mind, as happily you would wish it should do, then apply the same Cautery again: but you must first make Incision alongst wise, upon the middle of the foresaid Escharre: Then put in some small quantity (that is, so much as you suppose will penetrate into the profundity & very roots thereof) for it doth behove a provident & wise Artist to prevent & see all eminent danger in the doing thereof, & then by God's help, ye may safely in a short time root out these hard Strophulous Tumours. For (as I have said) unless the root be clean taken out▪ this Malady will grow and increase again. But if there chance to approach any painful accidents (as I have known and seen to follow in sundry persons) then with speed remove and take away the same: which done, ye shall procure the fall of the Eschar, with unguentum Populeum: or else with unguentum Rosarum, or sweet Butter. And to apply upon it Emplastrum Diacalcitheos', or Emplastrum Deminio. So after all the Escharres be removed, then if there be required mundifying and cleansing, these following are vulgarly used, as unguentum Apostolorun, called of some also unguentum Christianorun: which Unguent in this effect cannot be bettered: and unguentum Egiptiacum, and sometimes to mix two parts of unguentum Apostolorum, and one part of unguentum Egiptiacum. Also, unguentum Apij, is available in this Cure, viz. 
unguentum ex Apio.   
Recipe. Succi Apijet Plantaginis. An. ℥ two.  Farinae hordej et Orobj. An ℥ j ss.  Terebinthinae, ℥ j  Mellis, ℥ iij.  Mirrhae ʒ iij.  
Misce et fiat unguentum.  
If you add to this Unguent the yolks of Eggs and Mercury Praecipit. it doth work much better. Also the powder of Mercury praecipit. is good of itself, and if you will have it work more forcibly, add unto it of Alum combust according to discretion. With these foresaid remedies you may continue until there appear pure and quick flesh: than it followeth to use Incarnatives, & Agglutinatives, with other medicamtens, fit for consolidation.  
Thus having sufficiently entreated of the fifth Intention: now it remaineth for a full conclusion, to present in order last of all, the sixth Intention, as followeth.   

The sixth Intention v by outward means.  
THe sixth Intention chirurgical is, that in those Strumas that are fastened but to a thin and slender root, you shall bind them about and pluck them out. This last action (as it appeareth) is very easily performed by a skilful Operator or cunning Chirurgeon: neither doth it require any great curiosity, but a decent and artificial strong binding, meet for the plucking of them out (as it is said) by the roots. In which action you need not fear any great peril of Flux of blood, but that it may easily be restrained with my restringent powder, published in my last book of Observations, which hath (of a number of good Artistes) a friendly acceptation: If it chance through the ill disposition of the body, any dolorous accidents do happen to follow, then mitigate the same (saith Wicker) with stupes wet in the white of an Egg, and oil of Roses: and afterwards if there grow filthiness, let it be cleansed with those remedies before rehearsed: then no fault being committed through negligence or want of skill, you shall no doubt with good success, finish this last Intention. But amongst a number of excellent remedies for the curing of this evil (after the parts be thoroughly cleansed from all annoyances) this Plaster following hath all the properties, that is prescribed in these kinds of remedies before named: Which noble Plaster I obtained of one Isaac a stranger borne, a famous Incisioner and Licentiate Chirurgeon of London, who for his excellent knowledge in his Art, was called beyond the Seas, The golden Master or Doctor. 
M. Isackes Plaster.   
℞. Bdellii, et Ammoniaci. An. ℥ i ss.  Lapidis Sanguinalis, lapidis Magnetis. An. ℥ i ss  Aristolochiae rotundae, aloes Hepaticae. An. ʒ iii.  Olibanj et Masticis. An. ℥ i  Lithargirij argent. et lapidis calaminaris. An. ℥ iii  Corallj Rubjet albi. An. ℥ two.  Lumbricorum in pull. ℥ j  Succj scrophulariae. ℥ vj.  Colophoniae. lb ss.  Terebynthiae Venetae. ℥ iiij.  Cerae Albae. ℥ xii.  Olej Hispanicjs. An. ℥. iii  Olej Hipericj cum gummis.  Olej Laurini  Camphor. ℥ ss.  
Misce et fiat Implastrum▪  
With this Plaster only I cured a Bricklayers Daughter near London, of divers bad Scrofulous Ulcers in her neck and throat. Howbeit, there be some (who are as it were so nose-wise) that forsooth they can not abide to read any medicine, that is of a long composition, be it never so precious. Contrariwise, there be others again, that will not endure to read a short composition, be it never so well approved: for they plainly say, there can be no great matter of worth in them: And thus they are as variable in their opinions (for want of true Art and judgement) as the Chameleons be in their colours. Quot capita tot sensus: so many heads so many opinions. Now here I will forbear any further to discourse of this sixth Intention chirurgical, but I will set down certain Observations for the Cure of this grievous Malady by me perfected, as followeth: lest otherwise happily it may be said, He that telleth a long process or boasting tedious tale without some proof, must needs require credit, either for his long boasting tedioustale, or else for some special Authority that is in his person. But as for boasting amongst wise men, it can win little credit.    


An observation.  
A Few months passed there was sent unto me by a Gentleman of Essex, a certain husband man, being about the Age of thirty years, who was molested (for the space of six months) with certain outward swellings, or unnatural Strumous Abscessions: some of them were great with notable hardnesses, some mean, and some smaller, being for the most part packed and heaped together, but yet moved too and fro, hither and thither: For the which he was first purged (with great moderation and advisement) with the pills of Euphorbium and Trochisce ex Viperis: or the Pills of Vipers, and he did take many times Theriaca Andromachj, & kept a very slender diet withal: after he was well purged from gross and raw humours, than I applied upon his neck and both his shoulders 3 great cupping glasses, and so did draw blood and humours in good quantity. After the application of this kind of Boxing or Ventoses, then presently I applied upon his swelling this Unguent, and these Plasters following.  
Recip. Colewort leaves, green leeks and blades: of water Betonye, Motherwort, the less Plantine, 
The unguent singular good to consume all scrofulous Abscessions.  daisy leaves and Flowers, Maltows, Nicotian, and Pelitory of the wall, of each a handful: Beat and shred these herbs very fine: then add to these foresaid herbs of Wine Vinegar lib. two. of Hog's grease and sweet Butter, of each lib. two. of oil of Almonds lib. j a young Fox, of earth worms, & shell snails, of each lib. i. Let all these lie infused & buried in horse dung the space of a month, then boil all together till the watrynes be consumed: then strain it strongly, & herewith morning and evening anoint his neck very warm, for half an hour together: Then applied I Emplastrum de ranis cum Mercurio: and at other times, Emplastrum Dyachilon maius, et de Muscilaginibus, of each equal portions: and by this way and order of curing, he was by me cured and safely healed within the space of 40. days.   

Another observation.  

Another observation of a Master of a Ship.  Upon a time there was brought unto me a certain Master of a Ship, by a Servant of mine, called Robert Coulter, a man who (for his knowledge and skill in the Art of Chirurgery) was greatly esteemed of divers Nobles, and worthy Persons. This Master of the Ship was mightily infected with many Ulcerous Strumaes in his neck, throat and breast, with much out-growing flesh, loathsome and unpleasant to behold: his hard swelling exceeded in number, magnitude and greatness: he had a crazy and unsound body: his mind much troubled with pensiveness and melancholy fancies. Therefore being loath to admit any thing needful, or commit any thing hurtful, I did take the advise and counsel of a grave and learned Physician: who prepared and purged his body from much crude and raw indigested excremental humours, with the Pills of Sagapenum de Agarico Coctiae. An ʒ. ss. Misce. In like manner he did set him down a good regiment of diet, which was thin and sparing and light of digestion. He also forbade him eating and drinking at unaccustomed hours: also he did refrain those meats that were gross and tough: as Beef, Milk, fried Eggs, hard cheese, all pulse and nuts, and other meats which cause thick Juice: Also he did appoint him after his first purge every morning and evening for a space, to receive this drink following, which procured him to avoid much Phlegmatic raw humours, especially by Urine. 
A drink to procure Urine.   
℞. Apij Rusticj et Eupatorij. An. M. i.  Soldanellae. M. two.  Petroselini Macedonici. An. M. j ss.  Herbae Trinitatis.  Mellis come. lib. ss. Gingiberis. ℥ ss.  Vini Albi et Aquae come. An. lib. vi.  And of fine Mythridat. ʒ. iii.  
But be sure ye gather the herbs when the Sun is on them, and boil them to the consumption of the third part, in an earthen pot nealled and close covered, so that no air go forth: when it is cold, strain it and keep it in clean vessels.  
And for that this my Patient was subject to much Restriction of his belly: he did also admit him to forbear the foresaid drink, and to drink of this Laxative decoction a quarter of a pint at a time, which he received first in the morning, & at 3. or 4. of the clock in the afternoon, and last in the evening. 
The purging decoction.   
℞. Sarsaeparillae. ℥ iiij.  Rad. sassafras. ℥ ij.  Ligni sancti. ℥ iii.  Epithymi. An. ℥ i  Hermodactil et  Stechados,  Seminis Anisi. ℥ i. 
M. L.   Liquerisiae. ℥ ss.  Senae Oriental. ℥ two.  Saccari albi. lib. ss.  Mithridati. ℥ i.  Vini albi. An. lib. viii.  Aquae come.  
Boil them unto the third part, and last put in your Senae and Mithridate, and let it not boil much above half a dozen walmes. Et fiat.  

Local remedies.  Now for that his Ulcers were many, and subject to a botte distemper, for that cause he might the better admit blood letting, being also a man of a grown age, therefore I took the more quantity thereof. Then next I proceeded with the Cure of the beforenamed malignant Ulcers, and did first bathe or wash them for a good space with Hydromel (that is, Well-water and Honey boiled together) by reason of the hot distemperature, and did subdue the whole Scrophula, following Vigoes' direction: after Incision I did put again of the caustic into the middle of the Carnosity, which deceived me not, and so after caused him to avoid much noisome matter and filthiness: Then after I did mundify them with unguentum Apostolorum Mesuei, and of unguentum Aegiptiacum An. Oun. 2. Oleum Ouorum, Mel Rosarum An. Oun. 2. Lapis Calaminaris preparat made into most subtle powder. Misce et fiat unguentum.  
I found this aforesaid Unguent very commodious and profitable in this Cure, and did continue with it till I perceived pure and quick flesh: then I did also constitute and ordain these two remedies which in their operation for the cure of the said Struma, is approved profitable.  
Recipe. Saccari Plumbj. ℥. ss.  Ol. Ouorum lutorum. ℥ ij.  
Misce.  
This place will not admit me here orderly, to set down at large, those great cures which I have seen healed by other Chirurgeons, of whom I obtained the knowledge of the foresaid remedies: And I have also with the same, cured and healed many of the like cures, but especially in the curing of fraudulent Ulcers in Ano. the said remedy being Artificially made and prepared according to the chemists Art, the subject is only Plumbj rub. et Acetj fort. Also I have thought it good to set down the manner of making the foresaid Ol. Ouor. that is: take 20. or 30. Eggs, more or less, & let them be sodden very hard: which done, lay a side the whites, and reserve only the yolks, so let them be well laboured and beaten in a clean mortar: then put them into a Frying pan, & cause them be well fried, continually stirring them, till it come to an Oily substance, and after press it forth according to Arte.  
Recipe. White Varnish. ℥. ij.  Lytarge of gold. ℥ j  
Put the Varnish in a little broad earthen Pan, being made flat and well nealed, the bigness of a great Saucer, and strew in the Litarge by little and little, and stir it together every two hours, and it will in the end come to a certain hardness, in such sort that you may beat it to powder, and strew of this powder upon your Pledgets, for the cure of the outward Abscession, which likewise troubled him greatly, being so hard, noddy and knotty, so that I feared they would have degenerate into a Scirrhus, but I did mollify and dissolve them with these remedies following. 
A special molifying & dissolving Cataplasma   

G. Kebble.  Recipe. Turnips and Lily roots An. lib ss. boiled in strong Ale or Malmsey, q. s. which being boiled very tender, then strain gently forth the liquors, and beat the root very well in a stone mortar, and add thereunto bean meal and Barley meal, and Otemeale, of each a handful: then take the liquors that the forenamed roots were boiled in, and add thereunto Marsh Mallow roots two handfuls, of Fenygreke and Lineséede, each of them a handful. Let these stand infused 12. hours, then boil it to a thickness, and so strain it strongly. Then take of this Mussilage lib. ss. and add to it also Oil of Lineséede and sweet Butter An. q. s. and of Saffron the weight of 4. d. Then boil all together to a consistence. Et fiat Cataplasma.  
Also, I often used Emplastrum de Ranis cum Mercurio et. Emplastrum Dyachilon maius, Emplastrum de Muscilaginibus, as is before named: And thus I cured this Sea-faringman, and so continued (to my knowledge) 11. years: in the end he died in the last voyage with Sir Frances Drake.   

An Observation of a Maid, whose friends supposed she had the Evil before rehearsed, when I was but a young Professor in this faculty and Art of Chirurgery.  

An observation of a Maid dwelling at Yalding in kent  ABout thirty years passed (as it were in the minority of this my practice) I did observe there was brought unto me (by a Preacher, then being Vicar of Yalding, a town in Kent) a Maiden about the age of 22. years, having a strong and able body, and of a reasonable good constitution, who was supposed to have that Evil, called Struma. Ye shall understand, this Vicar was a man that did practise both Physic and Chirurgery: this Maiden was a long time troubled with an Ulcer in one of her legs, and a great swelling in one side of her neck: which Maladies, the foresaid Vicar did take upon him to cure and heal: how be it, in continuance of time he grew weary of his work, and told a neighbour of his, called Master Eden (a Gentleman dwelling also in Yalding) that the Maid his Patient (as he supposed) had the queens Evil (which Gentlemans Daughter not long before I had cured of the same:) The said Gentleman persuaded the Vicar not to spend time too long, but to cause her to be ●●●t up to London to me, whose counsel presently he followed, & the Vicar and the Maid and her father consulted together, and came to me to London, 
By the advice of one M. Archen bowl and Beeden Chirurgeons of London.  and showed me her grief, and the continuance of the same. So after diligent view taken by me, I found it was not the Evil (as he supposed) but a sort of crude and raw humours, flocking together in her neck, with a putrefied corrupt Ulcer upon her right leg, & so I told him he was deceived in her grief. Then they went their way and asked further counsel, which all were of my opinion. Then they came unto me the next day, and I did undertake the cure with the counsel of one Doctor Spering a grave and learned Physician, who prescribed her an order of diet, with convenient purging. It is to be noted, he gave unto her in three several boxes, three sundry purgations to be taken at three several times, set down in writing very plainly, as might be devised. In like manner I delivered unto them all such local remedies as was fit for both her griefs: amongst the rest I noted in writing, that the first thing she should use unto the Ulcer on her leg, was unguentum Aegiptiacum, which I made very strong, and of a high and thick body, for that I would have her spread it upon pledgets somewhat thick, and after to proceed with other meet remedies.  
But note what ill hap followed by the Maids carelessness, and too much negligence: In the morning after she came home to Yalding by 7. of the clock, and took one of the 3. Purgations which the Doctor gave unto her to take, she set it upon a stool by the fire, where she meant first to dress her leg: in conclusion (by great oversight) she laid the Purgation to her leg, and did eat up the whole box of Aegiptiacum, which was near 2. oun. and (as she said afterwards) it was very untoothsome and loathsome in tasting. All this while for two hours' space she felt little working of it, but did begin in the end greatly to burn, & did complain in her stomach, throat & mouth, and casted extremely, & also shortly after purged down very greatly, & thus continued for the space of one day, & one night before she sought for help. In the end, the Vicar was not to be found, but stayed at London, than they sent unto Maidestone to an Italian Physician called Santa-Cilia, 
Santa-Cilia.  and he being given to understand by them, that by means of a purgation, she was in a great burning heat in her body, & purged & vomited too abundantly, and so wanted sleep greatly, for the which he gave them a prescript unto the Apothecary: but first that they themselves should apply her with buttermilk, and new milk, and some good fat Mutton broths: and to help to stay her purging, he counseled them to give her to drink oftentimes, Red-wine and Conserve of Sloes together, and to procure her to sleep with this potion following. 
A potion to procure sleep   
℞. Diascordij. ʒ i ss.  Diacodij. ℥ j  Aquae Cardui Benedicti.  
fiat potio.  
But this did small pleasure. The next night he sent her this ensuing. 
Another.   
℞. Diascordij. ℈. iiii.  Philonij Romanj. ℈. i.  Aquae Cardui Benedicti. ℥. iii.  Sir. de Succo Lymonum. ℥. i.  
Misce.  
With this she had some comfort, but not to that purpose they looked for: so after the third night, in the next morning they sent with all speed to my house in London with a letter, of the great danger she was in, & the physicians bills with all what she had done: and presently I sent it to D. Spering, who was greatly grieved to hear of it, & said he was sure there was some extraordinary matter in it, for the purgations he sent would never bring her into such danger. Then after he had well considered of the matter, & present danger that might ensue, he prescribed forth with that his Apothecary should make first, for to cool and quench her great and extreme thirst, and to help her to her tasting again, this Iulip which was thus made.  
Rec. Barley Water lib. iiii. Conserve of red Roses and of Barberries, of each 2. Ou●: Whereunto was added 20. drops of Oil of Vitriol. Misce.  
And then she did drink for a space, which wrought to good effect in cooling of her, & so brought her to a good taste again. For the staying of the Flux of her Belly and Vomiting, she took of this Electuary at divers times a day, the quantity of 3. Oun. at a time. The making hereof is as followeth. 
An Electuary to stay great Fluxes in the Belly.   
Recipe. Bol. Armoniacj Orient. ℥ j  Cynamomj. ℥ j  Cloves and Nutmegs roasted. An. ℥. ss.  Macis. ʒ j  Sanguinis Hominis, dried in the Sun, and made into fine powder. ℥ ij.  Corticis Balastej. ℥ j  Of white Paper shred into a number of small pieces: of Sorrell seeds, and of Plantine seeds, dried and made into fine powder, of each. ℥ j  
Boil these in 12. Oun. of Syrup of Vinegar, till it come unto the thickness of an Electuary, etc.  
He gave also unto her the first night, a Pill of Laudanum, only to procure sleep and quiet rest, and caused her to be covered with many clothes, and so procured sweat: Thus within an hour and a quarter she fell a sleep, and rested quietly until mine of the clock the next morning, and never casted nor went to the stool: and (being awaked) confessed she was greatly refreshed, and felt no pains at all till towards night, and then she casted a little, and went now and then to the stool: for which cause she took her foresaid Electuary. She earnestly required to have an other Pill, but the Doctor gave his direction to the contrary, and would first see how Nature did dispose herself: so the night following she rested but little, how be it a great deal better than before. Then the third night he gave her the second Pill, and after that she never vomited or purged disorderly again: the excellency of these remedies is above belief and uncredible, that I have done and seen done by these last worthy remedies, both by Sea and by land The seventh day after she had received her infortunate Purgation of Aegiptiacum, than speeches was made by me to see the Ulcer of her leg, but they regarded it not; in the end she opened it, and found it almost clean cured, than she commended me, and so did her friends for this my excellent remedy: but she said would never take the like Purgation again, for a thousand pound: thus she was cured by Fortune and not by Arte. Then I required of her, where the Boxes were, that the Purgations and the unguentum Aegiptiacum were in? she said she threw them both into the fire: For (said she) the Purgation had a filthy taste, and was so clammy, and so sticked to her mouth and teeth, that I had never so much a do (said she) to get it down my throat. Then I perceived she had taken the wrongthing, & it was the more apparent by reason of the blackness of her teeth, & the stains of her clothes wherewith she had often wiped her mouth: and also by staining of the Basins and the dishes, wherein she had so often times vomited. After this I stayed with her tendays, till her leg and mouth was perfectly cured, and then we were royally paid, and thus went to London to the Doctor, and told him what had happened, that she had eaten the box of Aegiptiacum, and laid the Purgation to her leg, whereat he was greatly grieved: and much controversy in speeches was after between the Doctor and the maids father, but in the end they were made friends.  
Now I will set down the composition of the said Pill of Laudanum, which I obtained of a very dear friend, being a precious Jewel, as it is used: otherwise, (as I have said in other of my writings) the best Medicine that is, is no Medicine unless it be in the hands of a skilful man.   

The true manner and making of Laudanum.  
TAke of Opium, first sliced thin and then dried in an Earthen platter, one Oun. & a half. of the gum of the root of Henbane 3. Oun. Make the Gum thus. Gather the roots of white Henbane in March (the Moon being full) and dry them in the shadow: after slice them and boil them in good white Wine: (the roots being boiled until they be very soft) pour off the wine, being full of the tincture thereof, and press strongly the roots, the liquor (being by filtration cleansed from all dregs) in an earthen broad pan upon warm ashes: Vapour away the moisture until the tincture of the Henbane roots come to the consistence of Honey, which is very sweet and pleasant. After this, take all these (being beaten to powder) of the seeds of white Poppy one Ounce, of Mummia one scruple, of Cloves and Cinnamon, of each 2. Ounces, of Lovage roots, Calamus, Arcmaticus, Galingale and Ginger, of each one Ounce, of Castorium, black Pepper, Cubebs and Saffron, of each half an Ounce, of Laudanum and Benjamin, of each 2. 3. Put all these together in a glass having a narrow mouth, which will hold a pottle, and pour in so much good and strong Aqua Vitae as will be above them four inches, then with a Cork and a piece of Leather stop it, and let it stand until the Aqua Vitae be of a dark red colour, shaking it three times a day in the glass: the Aqua Vitae being full of tincture, let it be poured off & strained, and so much again be poured on, do this till the Aqua Vitae can draw no colour. Then take all the tinctured Aqua Vitae, and in Balnea Mariae in a great glass body, distill it until the tinctures do come to the consistence of a Syrup: Afterwards pour them in a broad earthen glazed pan, and on warm Ashes by evaporation bring them to the consistence and body of a Pill, which Malax with 2. drams of the oil of Cloves, let the mass be kept in a clean glass.  
The Dose is from three grains to five, to procure sleep, to assuage the pains of those that are troubled with the Colic, with the Pleurisy, with the Stone, and with the Gout: to stay the Cough, the Flux of the Belly, spitting of blood, and Defluxions of humours, etc. It is said, it were as good for a Chirurgeon that followeth the wars, either by Sea or Land, to be without his right hand, as to be without these remedies last rehearsed. Myself have known cured 
divers cured of Dysenteria, or the bloody Flix and other Fluxes of the belly.  of Dysenteria, or the bloody Flix, and other Fluxes of the belly in a Ship (being upon the coast of indies) forty Mariners and Soldiers at one time, and not one of them all perished, by the discreet administration of the said remedies by servants of mine. Within the City of London also there be alive at this present day, which were cured of the Flux of the belly, by the forenamed remedies, when they were supposed of many to be past all recovery, by reason also of the long continuance and their extreme weakness withal: And here I wish the like good success unto others (which I myself have had hereby) that is the only cause I have here made so large mention thereof.   

A most miraculous Cure, healed only by the Queen's most excellent Majesty, when neither Physic nor Chirurgery could take place or prevail.  
AMongst an infinite number (which I have known daily cured by her Highness, of the foresaid evil) this cure following is worthy of great admiration: there came into my hands not many years past, a certain Stranger, borne (as he said) in the Land of Gulicke near unto Cleaveland. This Stranger had been in Cure a long time before he came unto me, with divers skilful Chirurgeons, both English and Strangers, being then greatly molested and sore troubled with divers pernicious Cancerous Fistulous Vicers in certain places of his body: likewise he had many knotty swellings or abscessions, gathered together upon heaps in the fore part of his neck, near unto the Windpipe, and some in the binder part of the neck: and also amongst the principal and notable vessels, viz. the great Sinews, Veins and Arteries, and therefore could not without great peril and danger be safely taken away, either by Lance or caustic remedies, by reason of their near knitting together, & were also very unfit, to be brought to suppuration. The cause was, they were for the most part engendered of dull and slow or tough slimy matter, for the which I craved now and then the advice and counsasle of diverse learned and expert Physicians and Chirurgeons, only to prevent and avoid those pernicious dangers that oftentimes do follow: Howbeit, (in conclusion) notwithstanding all our turmoiling, much care, industry and diligence, with the application of most excellent medicines (very remediable and appropriate for that cure) yet was his grief rather the worse than better. For look what way soever we took with approved medicines, some mild, some vehement, and some stronger (which by natural reason and common sense, were very good and commendable) yea, and which brought oftentimes all his Ulcers to be very near whole: Yet upon a sudden (without any just cause to us known) his sores did putrefy and break forth again, with much loathsome filthiness, so that I feared his Ulcers would gangreniz●, by reason of the concursion and vigour of the unexpected accidents, so that his disease wearied us all. In the end, after he had been twelve or thirteen months in my cure, perceiving we all mist of our expected hope and purpose for the curing of this Infirmity: And likewise himself being overtyred with extreme pains and grief, so that oftentimes he be wailed his own great misery and wretchedness: for which cause he went his ways, and came no more unto me for any cure: but by the counsel of some of his own countrymen and friends, made means (unknown to me) unto other of my fellows the queens majesties Chirurgeons, which are in place of preferment before me. Who pitying his miserable estate, upon a time (amongst many others) he was then presented unto our most Sacred and renowned Prince the queens most excellent Majesty, for the cure of the said Evil: which through the gift and power of Almighty God, by her Grace's only means laying of her blessed and happy hands upon him, she cured him safely within the space of six months. Hereby it appeareth it is a more divine than human work, so afterwards upon a time I did meet with him by chance in London, but I did not wel-know him, his Colour & complexion was so greatly altered & amended: And being in very comely manner attired, otherwise then before I had seen him, and he told me who he was: Then I asked him how he did with his grief? he answered me, I thank God and the Queen of England, I am by her Majesty perfectly cured and healed: and after her Grace had touched me, I never applied any Medicine at all, but kept it clean, with sweet and fresh clean clothes, and now and then washed the sore with white Wine: and thus all my griefs did consume and waste clean away. And that I should credit him the more, be showed me the Angel of gold which her Majesty did put about his neck, truly a cure (as I have said) requireth divine honour and reverence: And here I do confidently affirm and stéedfastly believe, that (for the certain cure of this most miserable Malady) when all Arts and Sciences do fail, her Highness is the only day-star, peerless and without comparison: for whose long life, much happiness, peace and tranquillity, let us all (according to our bounden duties) continually pray unto the Almighty God, that he will bless, keep and defend her Sacred person, from the malice of all her known and unknown enemies, so that she may for ever reign over us, (if it please the Lord God) even unto the end of the world, still to cure and heal many thousands more, than ever she hath yet done.  
Amen.   

An History and observation of a Gentleman which sent for me, to cure him of the foresaid Evil, but it proved otherwise.  
Upon a time I was sent for to a Gentleman, lying in a merchants house at Broken-wharfe in London: after I was brought into his presence, he did forth with give me to understand, that he was greatly polluted & molested with much impurity of corrupt & rotten matter, with great exulceration in his throat, being of a filthy and carrionish savour: also the Almond of his throat was grievous and painful unto him, & marvelously swollen: for the which cause (he said) he entertained (a little before) one D. Simonds, a very learned and Judicial Physician, who (as he reported) did administer a diet to him for certain days, but it appeared he was smally relieved thereby. And further he laid open unto me, that of late there was commended unto him a newcome Stranger, who (upon report) was supposed to be the only Phoenix 
It is truly said, give a man a name to be an early riser though he lie in bed till noon, it is no great matter.  of the world, for his rare and exquisite knowledge in Physic and Chirurgery: I answered the Gentleman, that those speeches were so absurd as nothing could be more, for (said I) it is impossible for one man to have all knowledge in himself, but it is truly said: One man may know, that which another knoweth not. Well quoth he, I perceive I have taken a wrong pig by the ear, and so have brought my hogs to a fair market, & therefore I know not what to say: & I doubt me I shall find a woeful experience, of that he hath practised on me: And therefore said, he I pray you let me have your good help in curing of me, for preventing further danger. Indeed he is more to be esteemed that preventeth a danger before it doth come, than he that doth cure it after it is come; Well said he, the first time he had given me a little Physic, he did very boldly corrosive me in two several places of my throat, and yet nevertheless I received no profit thereby, but he hath tormented me greatly: So in the end he prayed me to unbind his grief, where the corrosive was applied, which was directly upon the outward part of the Amigdales or Kernels of the root of the tongue, but as good hap was, he being a fat man, the caustic wrought not too deep: also he showed me divers nodosities, knobs and knots upon his shin bones. Then I told the Gentleman it was not the King's Evil: when he heard me speak these words, he was in a wonderful rage, and did swear like a mad man. By the way ye shall understand, that this gentleman's vices exceeded his virtues, he was a man known to be as unconstant & uncertain as the weathercock: won with a feather & lost with a straw, today a friend, to morrow none: at one time he would magnify his Physician and Chirurgeon (as it were) above the heavens, and for the wagging of a rush, he would discredit them & dispraise them again, down to the pit of hell. But to return unto my matter, from whence I have a little digressed, forsooth in all post hast this good Gentleman would needs have me ride into the Country to his house (being fifty miles from London) to cure him there: But I told him, it was not possible, for that I was daily to attend upon the Lord Thomas Earl of Sussex, then being Lord Chamberlain unto her Majesty. In the mean space there came in his Physician and Chirurgeon whom he reported before to be matchless, and without comparison in Physic and Chirurgery: but the case is altered, for now he did again, most bitterly revile him, for mistaking of his grief: I must needs say, his Physician was a man of a courteous inclination, and partly after speeches had, he did confess his error and oversight: yet he said he had been a professor of this faculty forty years, and indeed he had the testimonies of many great towns and Cities beyond the Seas, of divers whom he had cured of the King's Evil: To judge and judge aright, 
Where ignorance is clad in learned weed, Small help is there to be had in time of need.  (as I told the Gentleman) he did nothing of set purpose to abuse him, for truly he was learned, though a had Physician and a worse Chirurgeon. How he it, the worst I liked in him, was for that he boasted, and said he was a Chirurgeon naturalised, and so borne a Chirurgeon: truly I told him it was a reason as naked as my nail: For be it granted that his Father might be a good Chirurgeon (as himself reported to us) what is that to the purpose, if his Son be found a counterfeit▪ It is a true saying, the best Apple will grow to be a Crab, unless some good fruit be grafted on the stock: But indeed I do know there be some whose Fathers were good Chirurgeons, and so be their Sons likewise, but how cometh it to pass they be so? Truly the reason is, they were like unto their Fathers, men careful and painful in study, and of long experience. But otherwise, for any one to suppose or dream, that the Art cometh to a man by succession, because happily his Father was a good Chirurgeon, it is a Paradoxical opinion, very foolish, absurd and fantastical: Other the like speeches he had to this end and purpose, and thus we ended, and so I took my leave, and left them altogether. After I was gone, they fell out with great and unseemly words: whereupon the Gentleman caused his men to set his Physician down in a Chair, and then with a pair of tailors shears, one of his men played Barba tonsoris, and so did Cut off his fair beard, and shore off the hair of his head very unseemly, being a man of his years, and so put him out of doors, without any consideration for his pains and Medicines he had bestowed upon him: but what became of him afterward I have not heard. Then he sent to D. Simonds again, & told him how his new come Physician & Chirur: had abused him & desired him of all friendship to help him presently to some cunning Chirurgeon, to cure him forth with if it were possible, & that with speed: After some talk, the Doctor remembered himself, and told him he would send him a neighbour of his, one Ma. Story, a Chirurgeon of S. Bartholomew's Hospital, & a man (said he) well experienced in his Arte. After he was come home to his house, he did converse with his neighbour M. Story, & told him what manner of hasty man the Gent. was: therefore he willed him, saying, before you meddle with him make your bargain wisely now he is in pain, for he is but a bad paymaster, and therefore follow this rule. Accipe dum dolet, cum sanus solvere noler.  
As cunning as Master Story thought to have been, he could not get one penny out of his purse, not in six days after he undertook to cure him, until Master Story was going away, and said, sir I cannot go to the market with words, but the Gentleman would not hear on that side. Then the Doctor went with Master Story, and told the Gentleman: Sir if you ride your horse all day, and give him no meat at night, and so again all the next day, you may be sure you are like to go a foot the third day. Indeed I remember a pretty saying of one, whose words in effect were these: When a Physician or a Chirurgeon cometh to a man that lieth sick, and is in danger of death, yet by his judgement and skill, promiseth with God's help, to cure him of his griefs and Maladies: then the sick Patient greatly rejoiceth, & presently compareth him to a God: But after, being somewhat recovered and perceiveth good amendment, than he doth say, he is but an Angel, & not a God: Again, after he doth walk abroad and falleth to his meat, truly he is then accounted no better than a man: in the end when he happily cometh for his money for the curing of his grievous sickness, he now reporteth him to be a devil, & so shut the door; Non est inventus; come when I send for you. To conclude, & now I come again to speak of Ma. Story, after he had been coming and going, twice a day for eight days space, he gave him certain money, with a world of fair promises, so far forth as he would perfect his Cure at his house in the country: But according to the old saying in Latin, Mel in o'er verbalactis fell in corda fraus in factis, as by the sequel shall appear.  
At much entreaty he consented, and went down to his house in the Country: when he came unto the Gentleman's house with him, he told Master Story saying: I have a Storehouse of diseases and impediments in my body, and so I have not led a Saints life: as he confessed very strange and far from all good, to this end (he said he spoke it) whereby he might be the better instructed to make his cure the more certain: Then he told the Gentleman he would be loath to begin a thing when the end is doubtful and dangerous, and unto him before altogether unknown: And therefore desired him to send for some skilful Physician or Chirurgeon, for further counsel to his good. Then he did swear & stare, that he did not bring him down to expostulate and make Lectures unto him, but he said he did understand by M. D. Simondes, that he was able to perform greater cures than his was, without the counsel of any other, and fold Master Story he should not departed alive out of his house, if he did not perfectly cure him. I trust (said Master Story) you will not (what soever you say) commit so foul a fault in your own house, whereby may follow unto you such dishonour: Howbeit, Master Story was greatly troubled in mind, and seeing no remedy, he endeavoured himself with great care and industry, to attempt the said Cure, according to the Gentlemans own request, which was with the Unction: but first he prepared and afterwards purged his body, and opened a vain, and after very discreetly he did administer the Unction at several times, until he did see and perceive it had wrought sufficiently, and to Master Stories own good liking, and so meant to have ceased. But this monster in humanity (contrary to all Art and reason) compelled Master Story to administer the Unction once again, saying his body was strong enough to endure it. Howbeit, within three days after, he did begin to sing a new song, for strange and unexpected accidents immediately did follow: A great and an inordinate Flux of vicious and corrupt humours passed out of his mouth, with much acrimony, burning heat and sharpness, by reason of the putrefaction of his gums, with an horrible stinking savour and a Fener accompanying the same: Then he and all his people about him, were in great doubt of his recovery, saying to Master Story, my grief (I fear me) will prove insanable and deadly. Master Story said he hoped not so, for you may thank yourself of this extremity: Then secretly (doubting he should die) he sent an old trusty servant of his to London in all post haste for me, with a Letter subscribed by a wrong name, and by his man 20. Angels. After I had perused his letter, and understood in what a bad case he was, I prepared all things necessary, and so with all expedition rid post away with his guide. But when I came into his house where he lay, I did not know him, his disease had so altered the natural shape of his face: at last he revealed himself unto me, and said, Master Clowes, I have sent for you, hoping you will save my life, I have been abused by counterfeit bungling butchers, for one told me I had the K. Evil, and another, I have the Fr. P. but what soever it is, I pray you bend your endeavour 
Some say, It is not good to speak the truth at all times.  and diligence, that with all convenient speed I may be brought to my former health, which I know (said he) resteth in the skill of a good Chirurgeon. After I understood what he was, I repent me of my coming, & wished myself at London again, & his 20. Angels in his belly. To proceed, I told him he was not without danger, & therefore I could not make any warrant of his cure, but the best I could do he should be sure of: then this cankered chuff looked on me like one that had lately come out of the devils slaughter-house, & said: if he died under my cure, there were in his house, that should take account of me before I went. Then I told him, if he or any of his durst touch or abuse one hair of my head, it would be dearly answered. But before I proceed any further, you shall understand, I was informed by one of the gentlemen's men, that M. Story was kept in obscurity (& as it were in a close prison.) So upon a sudden, about 10. a clock at night, this Gentle. sent a swash buckler of his own training up, who was unto him (as it were) the very light of his eyes, & one that served him in a number of bad matters: He came to M. Story & caused him to rise out of his bed, and bade him prepare to ride towards London, for he said he had ordained horses for himself, & you M. Story, etc. I will soon be ready to attend upon you, said he, but first (he said) he would feign have taken his leave of the Gent: but this Roister told him it was in vain, his Master had no pleasure ●●●the ●ght of his person: So they took horse, & towards London they did ride, until they came into a very great wood far from any house or town, and in the midst of the wood he forced Master Story to alight, with many scoffs and scorns, and being very bark, left him to shift for himself, where he wandered up and down all the night, with great fear, sorrow and care, till it was day, & then in the end he came into London high way, and so being overwearyed, rested himself for a space, and in the end went to his house in London. After, when this grissie ghost (his man) came home, in the morning he informed his good Master, how he had dealt with Master Story, whereat (though he being sore and sickly) yet he smiled, and greatly rejoiced at this bad action: which I did hear, & full well understood though I said little, whatsoever I thought, but mark hereafter the end of the Master and the man: and now I come again to my own proceedings, that is. The morning after Ma. Story was gone, I administered unto this Gentleman a Glister, made of new Milk, Sugar and Oil of Almonds, which could in no wise have been lawfully prohibited, by reason of the great restriction and torments of his belly, for he had not a stool in five days before. Now I suppose some upon a spleen, will object against me, and say, that I go (here and in other places of this book) beyond my latchet, in the publishing & administering of physical remedies, unto my Patients: But I must crave pardon to answer with favour this objection, for be it without offence spoken: I say, where the learned Physician is not to be had, be it either by sea or land, far or near, I will then use all honest & lawful means, bath in Physic & Chirurgery, to the uttermost of my knowledge and skill, before I will any way permit and suffer my Patient to perish for want of all help. Notwithstanding, what soever is said and spoken to the contrary by any malicious adversary, I assure myself, the grave, wise and learned will not take offence at these my sayings, but pass it over with modesty & silence, Secondly, though he were weak, by reason of his extreme sweats, pains, and burning heat of his mouth, throat and whole body, for which cause I did let him blood on the Caephalica vain, on the right arm, that was, 4. Ounc. of blood in the morning, and 3. Ounces of blood more at four of the clock in the after noon the same day. And thus by intermission of time, I took away 7. Oun. of very corrupt and impure blood: this done, I used frications, and I set strong cupping glasses upon his shoulders and hips, and at sundry times I did administer unto him certain comfortable cordials: And then with excellent Gargarisms and Lotions, I brought away many foul and filthy Askers from his mouth and throat: thus within the space of six days, he did confess some little ease and amendment, by these inward and outward medicaments. And at the full end of 18. days after following, I made him perfectly whole, in the mean time he did cogitate (as it were) and bethought with himself, how cunningly he had dealt with his two former chirurgeons, and did greatly rejoice in this sending them away unsatisfied. Then I told him, it was to Master Stotyes great detriment, & hurt unto his body, and hindrance to his living being a poor man: but he would not hear on that side. Notwithstanding, it is a true saying: It is an ill wind that bloweth no man good; I mean, happy is he that cometh in the declination and ending of a Cure: and so I let him alone with his humours, sith my reasons was not of force to persuade him: howbeit, in conclusion he used me very kindly, & willed me to go abroad with him, to see his Rivers, wherein were many goodly Trow●es and other fine fishes, and after showed me his mighty high woods, and a number of Heronshew-nestes: But truly, I took as much pleasure at the sight thereof, as jacke an Apes doth when he hath a whip at his tail. After all these sights, he returned to his house, and by the way he said, Master Clowes, I will hold you no longer with me, but I will send you with my men to London, for I must confess I have stayed you longer time than I meant to have done: and in conclusion, he gave me 20. pound, and promised me to rest my assured good friend during his life. But to conclude, I note his unfortunate end, whereby it presaged he was borne under some unlucky Planet or Cross day. For within few years after, he took occasion to ride abroad, as at many other times he used to do, but in returning home to his own house, it was said, he entering into a Lane, and attempting to open a great gate, suddenly his horse started aside, and fled away, 
He lived wickedly & died miserably.  whereby the Gentleman fell from his horse unto the ground, and there suddenly broke his own neck: So his horse ran home, and he being left behind, the servants went and sought for him, and found him stark dead, and his neck broke: Thus far of the end of the Master, now to the end of his man, which he appointed to be Master Stories guide, the only Phoenix, whom to dearly loved, but not for his good conditions. Within a year after his Ma. came to his untimely death, (whose end was only to God foreknown & prefixed) this swaggering fellow did suddenly grow into great misery, & so upon a time he came to London, and there I saw him: presently he craved of me some relief, for he said; for want of service he was brought into great poverty: Indeed I must confess I had small devotion unto him, but yet I gave him some what to be rid of his company: thus he went his ways, saying he did hope it would be better or worse with him shortly. Indeed it was reported that not long after, he did consort with a crew of his old companions, & they together immediately rob certain Cloathiers of the west country, & being all taken, were at the Assizes hanged on the gallows at Ailesbury 
A fit Pulpit for such a Prophet.  or there about, for the said fact. Thus (friendly Readers) you have heard (as it were) the tragical history of the foresaid Gentleman and his man. The cause which hath moved me to publish the same is, to forewarn all young practisers of this faculty of Chirurgery, being indeed truly called filius Artis, to beware and take heed how they go, and where and with whom they go, especially into strange and unknown places, and unto men of such extraordinary & strange qualities, which make but a jest & pastime at the abusing of any man, be he of never so much worth, honesty & skill in his profession.   

An observation for the Cure of Struma, performed by me upon a woman dwelling in the County of Essex. 1602.  
AMongst others that I have cured this present year Anno 1602. there repaired unto me, a woman being about the age of thirty years, dwelling in the County of Essex, three miles from my now dwelling house at Plasto, in the parish of Westham, within the said County: which woman was a long time molested and troubled with certain Carnosityes and hard Strumous swellings under her Chin, some movable and some unmovable: the which woman I did take in cure, for the said infirmity, and after speeches had, I persuaded her that she would permit me to take her Strumous swetling away by Incision, but it fell out she showed herself fainthearted, and so unwilling to suffer that action by Incision. Notwithstanding, she having an ardent desire and affection to be cured by me, was very willing to endure and abide the force and painful working of the caustic, which was performed as followeth.  
The incredible operation of this simple caustic now following is above belief, being indeed made but only of the powder of new quick  Lime-stones, as they come out of the Kill, and of Soap well mixed together, An. q. s. Here some peradventure will say, it is a great vanity in me, to commend a remedy which is well known already, (it will do that it is prescribed for) but I will leave to answer such objections, and will proceed with matter of more importance, that is to wit: After I had well defended the parts about, than I applied upon these swellings, the aforesaid Cansticke, which she reasonable well endured, for the space of three hours: and then I removed it, and in place thereof I applied other medicaments, only to mollify and lose the Askers, which was made by the said caustic, and also I gave with her (of the same remedy) home to her house, to dress herself with all: where she remained for the space of five days, in the end ye shall note, she returned again to me, being very faint, pale and ill coloured, thereat I much marveled, to see so sudden an alteration: then I demanded the reason of her, she answered and said it was by reason of the bad sent and ill savours of the Askers, and of the filthy corrupt matter, which did run from the foresaid Cauterised Strumous swellings, that greatly offended her stomach, and by reason of the sensibility of the grieved parts, which were sharp, mordant and biting, and that 〈…〉 and further, the confessed in the end, that He was 〈…〉 with o●ilde, which troubled her greatly, all which ●onses being considered, I very much 〈◊〉 an vn●●●ely birth, but I told her she was much to a blame, that she did not acquaint me there with, before (I took her in cure. Howbeit, God did so open my knowledge and understanding, that all things fell happily out, better than we looked for. So after, I appointed her to be dressed twice a day with convenient remedies, and then by the use of some metalline instruments, only to apprehend and to pull out part of the foresaid Strumous swellings. So, according as I have said before, those which are Masters and Professors, chosen to perform the like operation, ought indeed to have a lions heart, a Lady's hand, and a Hawks eye, for that it is a work of no small importance. Then by the application of these two noble compositions, being irreprooveable and most judicially penned, and of great truth and probability in this cure, that is unguentum Apostolorum mesuae, & unguentum Aegiptiacum, with other worthy Agglutinatives and drying medicaments, often times before named, and thus she was perfectly cured within the space of 10. weeks. Friendly Reader, the cause chief which hath moved me to publish this observation amongst the rest, is partly (as I have before said) to render some fruits of my labours, studies and time spent, which as it may here appear, is no afternoon man's work, as some rake-shames & belly Gods have falsely and slanderously so reported: but the troth is I have carefully laboured here, also to admonish every young practiser of Chirurgery, which is rightly called filius Artis, that he in no wise attempt the like cure, upon any woman with child, without some sage advise: for great was the troubles and dangers that was like to have followed, but happily were they prevented through the help of Almighty God, etc. Now here I will forbear any further to discourse herein, but I will set down certain Prescriptions worthy of observing, which I have gathered out of Pliny, (a most worthy writer) for the cure of the forenamed Evil, the which I will here set down word for word, as followeth.   

The cure of the King or Queen's Evil, after Plinius Secundus description.  
THe blood of a Weizell is good for the Wens called the King or queens Evil, when they be exulcerate and do run: so is the Weysell itself s●d in Wine, and applied. Provided always, that they run not by the occasion of any lancing or Incision, made by the Chirurgeons hand: and it is commonly said, that to eat the flesh of a Weizell is as effectual for the cure: so are the Ashes of a Weizell calcined upon the fire made of Vinetwigs, if they be incorporated with Hog's grease. Item, take a green Lizard and bind it to the sore, but (after thirty days) you must do so with another, and this will heal them. Some make no more a do, but in a little box of silver, keep the heart of a Weizell, and wear it about them. If a Woman or a Maid be troubled with the Kings or queens Evil, it were good to make a Plaster or Linament of old shell Snails, and let them be stamped shells 〈…〉 lly such as be sticking to the roots of shrewdness of bushes. The Ashes of a Serpent Aspis calcined are likewise very good for this disease, if they be incorporated with bulls Tallow, and so applied. Some use Snakes grease and Oil together: also a Linament made of the ashes of Snakes burnt, tempered with Oil and Wax. Moreover, it is thought that the middle part of a Snake (after the head and tail be both cut away) is very wholesome meat for those that have the kings Evil: or to drink the Ashes, being in the same manner prepared, burnt in a new Earthen pot never occupied. Marry, if the said Snakes chance to be killed between two Cart tracks where the wheel went, the Medicine will work much more effectual. Some give counsel to apply unto the affected place Crickets digged out of the earth, with the mould and all that cometh up: also to apply Pigeons dung, only without any thing else, or at the most tempered with Barley meal, or Otemeale in Vinegar: likewise, to make a Linament of Mouldwarpes ashes, incorporate with honey. Some there be that take the Liver of a Moule crushed and bruised between their hands, working it to a Linament, and lay the same to the sore, and there let it dry upon the place, and wash it not in three days. And they affirm that the foot of a Mould is a singular good remedy for this disease: others catch some of them, and cut off their heads, stamp them with the mould that they have wrought and cast up above ground, and reduce them into certain trochesces, which keep in a box or pot of Tin, and use them by way of application, to all tumors and Impostumes, which the Greeks call Aposthemata, and especially those that rise in the Neck: but then they forbidden the Patient to eat Pork, or any Swine, during the Cure▪ Moreover, there is a kind of earth. Béetles, called Tauri or bulls, which name they took of the little Hornets that they carry, for otherwise in colour they resemble Tickes, some term them Pediculos terrarum or earth Lice: these work also under the ground like Wants, and cast up mould which serveth in a Linament for the King's Evil, and such like swellings: also for the Gout in the feet, but it must not be washed off in three days space. Howbeit, this is to be noted, that the medicine must be renewed every year, for the same mould will continue no longer in virtue then one year: In some, there be attributed unto Béetles, all those medicinal properties which I have assigned unto Crickets called Grillj. Moreover, some there be, who use (in manner and cases afore said) the mould which Ants do cast up. Others (for the kings Evil) take up as many Mads or earth-worms in number, as there be Wens gathered and knotted together, and bind the same fast unto them, letting them dry upon the place, and they are persuaded that the same Wens will dry and consume away together with them. There be again, who do get a Viper, about the rising of the dog-star, cutting off the head and tail, (as I said before of the Snakes) and the middle part between they burn: the Ashes that come thereof, they give afterwards to drink for three weeks together, every day as much as may be comprehended and taken up at three fingers ends, and thus they cure the King's Evil. Moreover, there be some which hang a Viper by a Linen thread, fast tied somewhat under the head, so long till she be strangled and dead, and with that thread bind the Wens or Kings Evil aforesaid, promising unto the Patiented assured remedy thereby: They use also the Sows called Multipedae, & incorporate the same with a fourth part 〈…〉 be of that opinion, that this Oy 〈…〉 or 〈…〉 sufficient to cure an 〈…〉 whatsoever. Aet●us also saith, if a man should ●●te a Viper, it is a most notable thing: whose authority others also ●●●● followed in administering unto Strumous persons Trochiscos Viperinos', or the Pills of Vipers, with good & happy success. Also it was said, it was the experience in times passed of countrymen, that if any had eaten a Snake, he should be delivered from Struma. Thus much touching Pliny his manner and order which he hath published, for the Curing the Kings or queens Evil.    

The conclusion.  
ANd thus (friendly Reader) it were a great argument of folly & shameless impudence in me, worthy to be laughed at, once to think that I could here any way instruct the learned Physician or Chirurgeon, in the Cure of the Kings or queens Evil, before named. I am not so full of childish toys: but if I were, I do full well know they might by their provident wisdoms and learning easily cirumvent me, though I do confess, I am not altogether insufficient to perform this enterprise I have here set down and taken in hand. The only cause why I have done it, is (as I have before said) for the benefit of all young Students of Chirurgery, who have a long time expected the coming forth and the publishing of this Book: whose honest zeal and affection towards me, hath induced me the rather to set forth the same. But before I would attempt it without good advise, I did first entreat divers Physicians and Ch 〈…〉 a 〈…〉 verance, in perusing and examming the same) of whom I have had a favourable acceptation: And this I did of purpose, ●●●● some might (otherwise) ●y ●umbling blocks in my way, only to ●mpeach these my painful labours & travels. And so I do make a final end, acknowledging as I did in the beginning, That the gift of healing, is the gift of God: howbeit, I do not here presume, or once take upon me to enter into the high cure of the said Evil usually called Schrophula, in such wise as God hath given divine & peculiar gifts unto Princes▪ but my full intent hath always been only to direct the true pathway of Artificial gifts (with God of his great goodness giveth to men of Art) knowledge & skill in Physic & Chirurgery, with is performed & done by the application of interiall & exterial medicamentes, appropriate & approved profitable therefore. For it is a true saying: God hath created medicines of the earth, for the relief & comfort of man; and it is said: He that is wise will not refuse it. And thus last of all, I thought it not impertinent, héer● to divert & digress from the matter, & wholly attribute all divine honour & reverence, for the great cure of the forenamed Evil, (by God's gracious good gifts) unto our most provident, wise & virtuous Princess, the queens most Royal Majesty: For whom 〈…〉 s all pray, that the Lord God Almighty & eternal Saviour will send her Highness still long and long to reign over us, to our great toy, happiness & comfort, so that she may live long, and many happy years & days, to hold up the S●●pter of this Kingdom, in Christ jesus. Amen.  

The Lord of Hosts, preserve these coasts.  
Our gracious Queen defend:  
And grant her peace may still increase▪  
Until this world shall end.    
FINIS.