TOBACCO TORTURED, OR, THE FILTHY FUME OF TOBACCO REFINED: Showing all sorts of Subjects, that the inward taking of Tobacco fumes, is very pernicious unto their bodies; too too proflwious for many of their purses; and most pestiferous to the public State. Exemplified apparently by most fearful effects:  
More especially, from their treacherous projects about the Gunpowder Treason; From their rebellious attempts of late, about their preposterous disparking of certain Enclosures: as also, from sundry other their prodigious practices.  Prov. 27.9. 
If sweet ointments and perfumes do undoubtedly rejoice the heart of a man: then surely, all noisome savours, and poisonsome smells (such as is the filthy fume of Tobacco) inwardly taken, must necessarily disquiet, and drive the same into a dangerous condition.  Dignitatis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Deus. 
LONDON, Printed by RICHARD FIELD dwelling in Great Woodstreet. 1616.   

TO THE MOST POTENT, LEARNED, AND RELIGIOUS PRINCE, JAMES (by the grace of God) King of great Britain, France and Ireland, etc. be multiplied the abundance of spiritual sincerity, of earthly prosperity, and of eternal felicity in jesus Christ, Amen.  
RENOWNED SOVEREIGN,  
THe Almighty jehovah (being in very deed) the God of 
a 1 Cor. 14.31.  order, hath created all things in so excellent and absolute an order, respecting 
b Wisd. 11.17.  number, weight, and measure, as no one man living on earth may justly challenge any one of his works, for being (in any their several orders) the one either 
c Eccles. 3.11.  better, or worse than another: if we exactly consider the exquisite order observed among any his different operations in heaven, or in earth. For if we first consider what an absolute order he hath observed in any the superior creatures (more especially in the firmament itself, with other the Celestial orbs) we may find the same (by Mathematical demonstrations) made apparently manifest to us. Then next, if we observe (in like sort) the like most admirable, and absolute order among all other the inferior creatures (more especially in Man whom he hath purposely made a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, I mean, an abstract epitome, or a lively represent of all the rest (as by Physical observations and sundry Methodical proportions may be made apparent unto us) I doubt not at all but that the truth of this point will more plainly appear then the Sunshine at midday: so as the simplest on earth may sound conceive the same in that one special creature, if (besides his admirable creation) they will likewise consider how the universal societies of mankind here on earth, are (by the Almighty his most absolute wisdom) very proportionably reduced into a fourfold corporal condition. Namely, first into a mere natural body: I mean a corporal substance consisting jointly in an healthful estate of sundry particular members sympathically combined in one. Then next, into an Economical body, I mean a domestical, or well ordered household condition proportionably plotted together. Then next, into a mere Polititicall body, I mean the public estate of kingdoms, and countries collaterally compact in one mutual consort. And then fourthly, into an Ecclesiastical body: I mean, into that holy and blessed communion of Saints which religiously consisteth upon the mutual and joint society of a national Church, disciplinated and governed in a most solemn and sanctified order.  
As this fourfold order of bodies doth comprehend, and uphold to the full, the several conditions of men here on earth: so surely, the second and the last of these four several estates I do purposely pretermit for the present, as having heretofore in 
d In a Treatise of household government covertly conveyed from me, and set forth in the name of R. C.  some part, and also intending hereafter (if God say amen) to bend my cogitations more fully that way. hang down the head, but all the other states else (by a common consent) they do collaterally become very crazy and weak, concerning any the dutiful discharge of their peculiar designments.  
As for example, the said stomach itself, namely, the poor husbandmen, they are fearfully subjecteth to an intolerable feebleness concerning the timely performance of any their appointed functions; to offensive yelking, and vomitings forth of sundry discontentments against the whole State; to an immoderate thirsting after other men's places; to many most bitter heart-burnings, gripings, and gnawings; to sudden, and unappeasable inflammations of fury; to an utter loathing of their appointed ordinary labours; to a doglike appetite after other men's profits; to an insatiable hunger concerning the speedy supply of their sundry unsufferable wants; to a very bad digestion touching their present oppressions; to many windy sufflations, and proud puffings up; to angry belchings, to choleric passions, to an unnatural flux of the purse, by means of too many their immoderate and superfluous dispending; to inward heart-griping; with sundry such other like fearful occurrents as do finally disable their persons from the orderly collecting, and proportionable dispersing of public maintenance to any one of the other estates in that self same Political body.  
Yea, and not only the said stomach itself (I mean the poor husbandmen,) but all other estates beside are likewise (by a common consent as it were) collaterally subjecteth to sundry most dangerous distempers: whether we consider the superior, or any the inferior parts of that Political body.  
For first, (concerning the superior parts) who may not easily see and perceive how the head itself will forthwith begin to be fearfully tainted with capital pains about the disordered State; with want of due rest, by reason of sundry occurring cares; with idle vertigoes, and many terrible turne-about thoughts; with sundry implacable furies, with most secure and fearful Lethargies, dreams, and drowsy securities; with craziness of memory concerning their duties to God and man; yea, and (which more is) with such sudden congealed Catalepsies, violent convulsions, and spiritual benumming, as if all conscionable sense and moving (in and about their designed employments) were utterly lost, or quite forgot, at the least.  
And then next, for the Shoulders and Arms (the Nobility, and Gentry I mean) who may not likewise perceive, how that (when the poor husbandman's state, which did usually afford their Political maintenance, beginneth to fag) they do eftsoons begin to fall forthwith into fearful Apoplexies, I mean, to an utter decay of all spiritual moving and sense; into quaking Palsies and trembling of heart, upon every crossing occurrent; into dangerous Epilepsies, and deadly downefallings to evil; into violent Convulsions, with a sudden shrinking up of the sinews of love; into fearful oppressing Ephialteis, and intolerable burdens of sin, each hour surcharging their sorrowful souls; into choking Squinancies, I mean, a merciless throatling of all their Inferiors; into sundry most deadly Pleurisies, through the abundant spilling of innocent blood; into many quarkening Peripneumonies, and suffocating Ptisickes, I mean, into a difficult breathing forth of any gracious decrees concerning the present good of the poor; yea and (which more is) into very many such impostumating Empiemaes, and most fearful exulcerations of conscience (with other outrageous enormities) as bring an utter consumption and waste to the whole Political body.  
And as the superior, so likewise the inferior members of that self same Political body, feeling once a defect in the stomach (I mean in the poor husbandman's state) they do eftsoons decline to an unnatural weakness and distemperature of the Liver and Spleen (I mean, to a fearful decay of Christian love, for the timely discharge of any their Christian duties; to sundry inflammations, obstructions, coldness, and hardness of heart against the whole State; to most filthy deforming jaundeis, through an unnatural dispersing of choleric pangs, and melancholic passions over all the Political body; to many most languishing Cachexies, I mean, to an inordinate consuming and wasting of politic nutriment, by reason of some evil disposition in their proper estates; to such dangerous Dropsies, and disordered carriages, as do either procure a dissolute looseness throughout their peculiar societies, or an unnatural swelling at least, against the peaceable, and prosperous state of the whole Political body; to deadly Stranguries, and dangerous difficulties about the timely dispatch of their public designments; to deadly benumbing Sciaticas, and griefs in the huckle-bones, so oft as they are to undergo the obsequious dispatch of their several duties; yea and (which more is) into many preposterous Podagraes, and intolerable pain in their feet and joints, so oft especially as they are made to support and bear up the necessary burdens belonging to that Political body whereof they are made the united members.  
So as your most excellent Highness may here again be pleased to perceive very plainly, that (by the only distempers of the stomach itself in either of both these bodies) the whole bodies of both are most fearfully brought into such a languishing condition and state, as neither those stomachs themselves, nor the head, nor the shoulders, nor the arms, neither yet the legs, nor the feet are sufficiently able to dispatch their proper designments: by means whereof, even those self same bodies (with all their several parts) must needs remain in a languishing state. And therefore, as the good estate of the stomach itself must be carefully continued, especially, if we desire to uphold the happy condition of the whole body itself: so surely I do verily suppose there may no better means be devised about that good estate of the stomach, then to become very careful first, for the ordinary supply of whatsoever good means may be helpful unto it: and then next, for the powerful and speedy suppressing of whatsoever occurrent may be hurtful unto it in any respect.  
Now then, these four succeeding faculties are especially helpful to the good estate of the stomach itself, if they be rightly had, and jointly continued: Namely, Appetite, Retention, Digestion, with an orderly Distribution.  
For sith it is the proper office of every particular stomach, very orderly to concoct the whole sustenance received therein, that so, the said sustenance may forthwith become good natural nutriment for the whole body itself: who seeth not therefore but that (in the stomach) there must first be procured an able and absolute appetite towards that the former received sustenance?  
And because it is to very small purpose though the forenamed Appetite be singular good, unless the Retentive faculty be also every way fitted for the firm retaining, and orderly holding of whatsoever solid sustenance so sound affected before: who seeth not now, but that secondly a sound Retention must necessarily be wrought in that self same stomach?  
And because the Appetite, and Retention both, will very little avail to the good estate of the stomach, unless the said stomach be thoroughly able withal, most sound to digest whatsoever good sustenance so orderly affected, and so firmly retained before: who seeth not therefore, but that a very strong and absolute Digestion must thirdly be kindled, and firmly continued in that self same stomach?  
And because both Appetite, Retention, and Digestion also, are to very small purpose for the good estate of the stomach, unless the said sustenance so affected, so retained, and so digested, be likewise as proportionably dispersed throughout the whole body for natural nutriment to the several members thereof: therefore, who seeth not fourthly, but that the said stomach itself must be aptly disposed towards the proportionable Distribution of that self same concocted nutriment to each several part of the whole body itself? Now then, all those the forenamed faculties so fitly and so proportionably concurring together about the orderly accomplishment of that the received nutriment, this stomach itself may not properly be said to feel any want at all, for the timely dispatch of it own employments about any his designed functions.  
These fourfold faculties must (in like manner) all jointly concur about the happy and prosperous estate of those our Political stomachs: if especially, we would have them profitably employed in the orderly collecting, and frugal disposing of public maintenance, for the convenient supportation of the whole Political body, in all and singular the several parts thereof.  
And therefore, a principal care concerning the poor husbandmen's happy condition, must first be made known to the world, by an orderly procuring of good Appetites in every of them towards their several husbandries: that so, they may cheerfully, comfortably, and profitably both affect, and effect the fruitful managing thereof in every respect. Whereby it is apparently evident, that those their said Appetites must not be killed by unreasonable Fines, by excessive Rents, by over heavy Impositions, or any such other importable burdens.  
And then next, there must likewise be cherished in every of them, a powerful Retention, an enabled faculty (I mean) to retain, uphold, and continue their several husbandries, for those the former public respects. So as therefore, a like provident care must be further had, that by no means they may be discouraged from their said husbandries by any merciless, uncharitable, or cut-throat dealings: neither yet compelled (by any causeless, and cruel oppressions) to cassier themselves from their former callings, and so (in a malcontentednesse) forthwith to cast their ploughs in the ditch.  
And then thirdly, they must yet further be furthered this way, by a strong & speedy Digestion, with such warm and cherishing comforts (I mean) as may enable them all to the orderly maintaining, the husbandly managing, and the wholesome digesting of those their said husbandries for public good.  
And lastly, there must very carefully be wrought in every of them (by the ministerial operation of the word and prayer) a sympathical disposition, in and about the timely Distribution of that their former collected maintenance, for the public good of the Prince, the Pears, the Nobles, the Gentry, the whole Commonalty, and every particular member of that self same Political body. These things accordingly effected, who seeth not now, but that the natural and Political stomachs both, are sufficiently furnished with whatsoever supplies may any way be helpful to either of them both for public good?  
And not only things helpful must so be supplied, but things hurtful likewise must forthwith be suppressed, for fear of enfeebling or weakening the forenamed faculties. But there may not any thing be possibly found more hurtful to the happy estate of those the forenamed stomachs, then superfluous excess, or pining wants. For, as by superfluous excess, the good ●state of those the said stomachs is fearfully overwhelmed and tumbled headlong into most dangerous surfeits and deadly distempers: so surely, by oppressing and pining wants, they are fearfully enfeebled, and finally disabled from the timely performance of their proper designments for public good.  
First therefore (for the timely suppressing of whatsoever superfluous excess annoying the healthful estate of both these stomachs) a provident care must forthwith be had, that not only all carousing and quaffing, all gulling and gormandizing, all excessive and riotous banqueting: but also that all superfluous buildings, all needless braveries, all extravagant sports, and all other proflwious dispending be heedfully avoided in every state, more especially in those the forenamed stomachs themselves.  
For these only respects, I have here even purposely (although yet synecdochically) censured all those the former most foul and shameful disorders under the only name of Tobacco fumes; putting down a part for the whole: and naming that one vice especially, as a most lively represent of those other the smokelike vanishing vapours; and as the very principal annoyance to both the stomachs: and so consequently to the flourishing estate of the natural, and Political bodies themselves.  
And not only all such superfluous excess, but (which more is by much) all those oppressing and pining wants whatsoever, which may (in any sort) surprise the good estate of those stomachs, must forthwith be warily suppressed. Namely, the want of competent tillage for corn; the want of convenient pasturing for beeves, for oxen, for milk-cows, for sheep, with such other convenient means to manure, manage, enable, and strengthen their several tillages and pasture grounds, for such a convenient increase as may fully suffice from time to time, about the necessary supportation of their own, and the public good. The want (in like manner) of politic, of peaceable, and public good orders, about the orderly and quiet collecting of such singular blessings as the Lord (in much mercy) bestoweth upon any their ordinary labours for public good, must be heedfully respected and timely redressed by public authority.  
So as your excellent Highness may herein again be pleased to see the great conveniency of all those good penal statutes (were they but carefully executed) which do necessarily concern the orderly upholding of husbandry in it own proper nature, or do purposely tend to the timely suppressing of whatsoever riots, routs, and unlawful assemblies that might respectively overlay the poor husbandmen's labours, and peaceable projects concerning any their peculiar professions for public good.  
In consideration whereof, I have here purposely, and largely laid open the urgent necessity for the timely suppressing of that late disordered and unlawful attempt of lawless persons, in and about the unorderly and tumultuous disparking of pastures and several grounds, under an idle pretence of the necessary (though needless) augmentation of tillage: demonstrating most plainly, that their falsely supposed defect of tillage is no such an oppressing want, as doth presently hurt the poor husbandman's happy estate (all other things else proportionably and evenly respected:) and that therefore there needed no such disordered and heady attempts, for the timely supply of that their falsely supposed want.  
Having hitherto anatomised the whole purport of this my purposed project for public good, I am now, not unwilling the same should be sound peized with those the approved weights of the Sanctuary which will not deceive. Especially, if our learned Physicians be made the indifferent cyzers and censurers concerning all Physical questions: as also, if those our experimented Politicians and Politic Statesmen may become the provident weigh-masters of what points soever appertaining to matters of policy.  
More respectively (most dread Sovereign) I do here very freely, and submissively put over the whole to your majesties approved consideration and view, as unto the most competent judge of public regard; very humbly entreating your excellent Highness, that (from out of your long experimented Physical skill) you would first of all be pleased, very sound to censure that former part of this present Discourse, which more especially concerns those exceeding great hurts that do unperceiveably surprise the bodies of men, by means of their inward taking of Tobacco fumes. And then next (with no less humble submission) I humbly entreat, that your unmatchable wisdom for public good, would likewise be pleased (from out of your long settled judgement, and experimented practice about the orderly suppressing of whatsoever shameful disorders adjudged pestiferous to the public good of our country) to privilege with the approved stamp of your authentical approbation, that other part of this present Discourse, which more respectively relateth the purses proflwitie about the superfluous charges of filthy Tobacco fumes, and the pestiferous poisoning of the long settled peace of our public State: so far forth especially, as the truth itself, and present occasions do instantly crave from time to time. Very submissively entreating moreover, that the whole Treatise itself may find at your majesties hands, that favourable entertainment which your gracious wisdom shall think good to grace it withal: and thereupon also, may publicly and boldly march under the martial ensign of your kingly care for public good, against all the fiery encounters of whatsoever fuming Tobacconists.  
So shall the almighty jehovah his absolute wisdom be 
e Math. 11.19.  freely justified of all her children; so shall your kingly reputation be justly eternised among all posterities; so shall the public State of our country be much more bettered, and more sound conserved in a solid condition; so shall the almighty Lawmaker be more largely magnified for his manifold mercies bestowed among us; so shall the poor husbandmen's hearts (as it were with kingly cordials) be forthwith revived; so shall our disordered Tobacconists be presently daunted, and for ever hereafter discouraged: yea and so shall my poor self be more securely protected from whatsoever the fiery 
f jer. 18.18.  strokes of venomous tongues, to my better emboldening, and further encouragement in such other like future attempts for public good. And even so, I most humbly surcease my purposed suit for the present good of our public State: beseeching the almighty jehovah to bless your excellent Highness in body and soul, and to enrich you in both with a principal spirit, correspondent to your Princely place; to the public good of our country, and your own everlasting comfort in jesus Christ. Even so Lord jesus, Amen.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
Your majesties most humble, and most dutiful Subject, JOHN DEACON.   

TO THE CHRISTIAN READER, grace in Christ, with an holy discerning spirit. So be it.  
GEntle Reader, if thou wilt more seriously bend thy best thoughts awhile towards some serious consideration concerning thine accustomed inward taking of filthy Tobacco fumes, it may be thy good hap (by the merciful goodness of our gracious God) to have thereby thy fantastical mind enlightened about a foul foggy error; thy crazy corpse disburdened of many pestiferous humours, and thy prodigal purse more mightily privileged from those sundry proflunious expenses, wherewith (by tampering too boldly with filthy Tobacco fumes, as also, by conversing too commonly with carousing companions, and other like chargeable courses attending hourly thereon) the same hath eftsoons been shrewdly surprised, and (in a manner) most clearly evacuated.  
The true and timely apprehension of these three such precious and present avails, succeeding these Paganish and heathenish practices, may make thee in time (by the great goodness of God) to veil thy bonnet for public good: and herein withal, to become forthwith a Merchant Venturer, by adventuring boldly upon the seasonable venting forth of this late invention, for the public advantage of whatsoever our trifling Tobacconists; unless haply, those their vapouring evacuations (very chemically extracted from the fennish fumes of their filthy Tobacco) have now too too fearfully overwhelmed their blindfold brains with such foggy forestall mists, as do dangerously suppress the senses themselves, and too too sottishly surprise the sway of sound reason.  
Although notwithstanding, I am in no doubt at all, but that thou thine own self (having once in an approved experience, very sensibly apprehended the exceeding great efficacy of this present Discourse for public good) will't forthwith hold for an infallible Axiom, that 
a Bonum quo communius, e● meliu●.  A public good, the more common it is, the better it is. And thereupon, as myself have eftsoons been moved by others, and now resolved in myself, to communicate these my private thoughts to each particular person for public good: so thou thine own self, and all the rest of that reasonable sort (participating all jointly together with the public profit thereof,) will all jointly together extol the infallible wisdom of that only approved Physician for body and soul, who hath every way made us so sufficiently and so Christianly wise concerning the undoubted safety of body and soul: and therewithal, will jointly and heartily pray for the healthful preservation of such, and so many as seek (by any their sacred skills) to cause every of us so fondly to conceive (though somewhat too late) the unsoundness of all those the unsound and sottish conceits which have hitherto haled men headlong an end, to the untimely taking of filthy Tobacco fumes.  
If thy mind be still in a mammering doubt▪ whether the venomous condition of these poisonsome fumes be so pestiferous as this present Discourse doth seem to purport, then turn thy present thoughts (I pray thee) towards the untimely deaths of sundry such excellent personages as (tampering to much therewith) have (even now of late) not only been suddenly surprised by an unnatural death, but (which more is) their dead bodies being opened, had all their entrails as black as a coal, and the very fat in their bodies resembling (in all outward appearance) the perfect colour of rusty, or reesed bacon: whose names notwithstanding, I do here purposely conceal, for the very reverence itself which I formerly bore to their persons and places.  
If notwithstanding all this, thou wilt not (as yet) be brought unto a present dislike of those the said fumes themselves, then turn thy serious and timely considerations to those fearful effects, which (not long since) afforded their untimely and terrible attendance towards those our disordered and turbulent Tobacconists of former times. Who (for very love of their Tobacco traffic, and other disordered courses) neither spared their persons, nor purses, but wilfully spoiled and consumed them both: to the manifest wronging of many other beside, the public contempt of good positives laws, the wilful breach of his majesties peace, the rebellious resisting of his martial power, with the fearful spilling of their own, and other men's blood.  
Let no partial affections (good Christian Reader) so far forth miscarry, nor so violently inveigle thine unsettled and wavering mind, as that thou shouldest once dare to applaud the disordered courses, and intemperate actions of any such barbarous Cannibals as do causelessly conspire, and preposterously pretend to bring in a confused parity throughout the whole State. With very base and most beastly degenerate minds are those monstrous Minotaures bewitched, no doubt, who may (by no means) be brought to endure, or to broke the renowned estates of the Nobility, or Gentry in any their country coasts: neither yet to like long of any his majesties favourites, whom the Almighty himself (for the rarity of sundry their singular virtues) advanceth to a timely honour. Howbeit, very true is the saying itself, and the truth thereof made too too apparent in such disordered persons: namely, that 
b Res. rationis expers est ipsa improbitas.  Dishonesty itself is a thing even utterly destitute of all sense and reason.  
Well (whatsoever may be the success with some others) I doubt not at all, but that these my poor labours for public good, will (from henceforth) make me as deeply interessed in some other men's labours of like interchangeable traffic: more especially, of those well minded persons who now begin to perceive what present profit may eftsoons arise from this my lately erected new Mart for public good. On the other side, if any idle, or oddly conceited companions (at the unexpected pitching up of these my approved boothstakes for public good) do over pecuishly fall into sustian fumes, because these their filthy Tobacco fumes are thus suddenly enforced to render a most filthy redolent smell in the very nostrils of such & so many as are but competently furnished with a sound and settled judgement: yet undoubtedly, the integrity and uprightness of mine honest plain heart herein, will be sufficiently able (I hope) to manage most stoutly mine authentical intent for public good, against all the fiery thunder-cracks of those our fuming Tobacconists, whose trifling courses do nothing else but breed the public bane of our peace and prosperity. And howsoever some malcontented Tobacconists, (of a very malicious spite) may covertly endeavour to kindle their fiery tongues (as it were with 
c Psal. 120.4.  juniper coals) against either my person, or published Treatise, I doubt not yet, but as the integrity of mine honest intent for public good, may sufficiently shelter my person for dealing herein: so am I strongly persuaded, that, that self same public authority which so frankly affordeth free passage (with privilege) to this my published Discourse for like public good, at the very first sparkling forth of those our Tobacconists fire-flashes (how fierce, and how flaming soever) will be authentically able, either to cause their turbulent rage to recoil forthwith upon their own pates; or to besmear their persons at least, with that odd satirical Adage which termeth those our testy Tobacconists 
d 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  Thericleiou philos, that is in English, A fantastical favourite and follower of cup-companions. Howsoever, the better sort (I am sure) will readily entertain my good meaning herein, with that honest affection and Christian mind which is evermore accustomed to construe such a subject as this, in the best and honestest sense: and therefore (leaving the success whatsoever to the orderly disposing of the only wise God) I will now show thee forthwith my whole purpose and order herein.  
First, I have propounded (as thou seest) the whole in Dialogue manner, for the plainer demonstration of the matter itself, making Capnistus, and Hydrophorus the only speakers therein. The first (that is Capnistus, signifying a fiery perfumed fellow) resembleth our smoky and fumish Tobacconists: the other (Hydrophorus I mean, betokening a water-bearer) correspondently represents all such sound hearted subjects as are very well able (by the sway of sound reason, as it were with cold water) to quench the intemperate fiery flames of all our fuming Tobacconists. Having thus acquainted thee with my whole purpose and order herein, let us now forthwith proceed to the orderly prosecution thereof. Beseeching the almighty jehovah to bestow that blessing upon it, which may tend to the everlasting glory of his most glorious name; the good of our Church and the common wealth; and our own eternal comforts in jesus Christ: So be it, even so, Amen.  
Dignitatis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Deus.  
Thine in the Lord, and the Lord his unworthiest on earth, JOHN DEACON.   

A Ware-lash for wood-braines.  
THe sluggish sort, who snorting sleep, and live like lazy louts,  
False frauds will frame to mate each man; yet firk them with their flouts.  
The Serpent sly, the subtle Snake, will fawn upon each Fear;  
And coldly crewle till they be crept into the bosom dear,  
Of them that pity their complaints, and wailings well do way:  
But (if in breast they once be borne) to sting they never stay.  
The Caterpillars carping crew, with these I may bring in;  
Who live o'th' labours of good men: yet pass they not one pin,  
What cold, what irksome weary nights, what tedious tasks, what toil;  
Nor yet, how many meatlesse meals men have, nor what turmoil.  
Yet, Deacon dear (not dreading darts of furious frantic fools)  
Hath woven a web, and wrought a work most meet for stately Schools.  
He fears no force of Viper's brood, nor Caterpillars crew;  
But frankly of his own accord puts it to public view.  
In it he toucheth no man's state, of high or low degree:  
Surmounting sins he would suppress, as sooth men may see.  
Each vice put down in open Book, I might in order name,  
Had not the Author to our hands, so sound show'd the same.  
And sith the man gapes not for gain, nor praise from men pretends:  
Afford him thanks for his great pain, and so you make amends.  
This guerdon just if you grudge at, I should account you worse  
Than judas he, (that treacherous wretch) who bore about the purse.  
But, hope I have, you will accept thereof by due desert,  
And it applaud: and so (dear friends) adieu with all my heart.  
Laudum suarum praeco insufficiens, S. T.  
Què sara, sara.   

To the benevolent and honestly affected Reader.  
IF handi-crafts-men have great praise for working well,  
(With toiling trade) the trifling wares which they for money sell:  
Then why should Deacon doubt to purchase praise of men,  
To whom he frankly gives the gift of this his learned pen?  
If he his busied brow hath beat for our avail,  
And for our profit taken pains: why should his guerdon fail?  
No greedy golden fee, no gem, no jewel brave;  
But of the Reader, good report this Writer longs to have.  
No man of meanest wit, no beast of slender brain:  
Who thinks that such a work as this, was penned with little pain.  
The work itself portends what toil he undertook,  
Or ere his curious file could frame this passing pleasant Book.  
If pleasure thou possess, or profit thereby take:  
He hath the depth of his desire, who penned it for thy sake.  
But, though thou feel some want of that thou wish at furst:  
Read once again with good advice, before thou judge the worst.  
Lay love and hate aside, affection put to flight:  
So shalt thou judge as justice wills, so shall thy doom be right.  
Remember, Midas ears were framed like an Ass:  
Because he said that Pan in skill, Apollo far did pass.  
So, if thou shalt prefer some trifle more than truth,  
Thou shalt deserve (as Midas did) the Ass' ears with ruth.  
For, learned is the man that did this Treatise frame:  
And, learned is the wight, to whom he dedicates the same.  
And, learned is the work, and honest eke the fact:  
And honest men will honestly allow each honest act.  
But, those that needs will storm, and wot not well wherefore,  
Must needs have part of that reward which Midas reaped before.  
Which, if thou wilt avoid (as I would wish to shun)  
Do deem with good advised drift, this deed by Deacon done.  
So, I that made this verse, will think no worse of thee,  
Then Deacons work doth well deserve, accounted of to be.  
But, if thou bark at Moon (like Bandog void of fears)  
All men may deem thee for an Ass, by those thine Ass like ears.  Virescit vulnere virtus. 
Thine, to pleasure, and to profit thee, B. G.   

THE FUME OF TOBACCO TAKEN INWARD, IS VERY PERNICIOUS UNTO THE BODY.  

Capnistus, the Speakers.  
Hydrophorus, the Speakers.   Capnistus. 
WHat Hydrophorus, mine ancient Antagonist? adieu: farewell for a season. Come, haste my mates: away. Have over, have over.  Hydrophorus. 
Cavallero Capnistus, what hast I pray thee? Whither away man, that thou callest so earnestly for the Mariners to have thee over?  Capn. 
What haste (quoth you) Sir? Who ever expected such a frivolous demand from so famous a Doctor? Hast thou utterly forgotten the ordinary proverb, which telleth us plainly, that Time and Tide attends upon no man's beck? And I have undertaken a dangerous adventure towards the uttermost parts of West India with speed: from whence also I intent to traffic Tobacco into this our English Island.  Hydr. 
A dangerous, sayest thou? yea rather, a most desperate adventure. Especially, when the voyage must be undergone by a stripling so tender of years: and for a traffic moreover, so untoothsome in taste.  Capn. 
I am sir (I assure you) of a contrary opinion. For (my self being now in my most flourishing age) you should deem me so much more able to bear, and abide by the bickering, how bitter soever. And as for Tobacco (how untoothsome soever it seemeth in taste) being found most wholesome by plain experience, & a traffic moreover in so great regard with one and other, I do not presently perceive what one commodity may be shipped from thence, more fit for public good, nor any way more meet for my private avails. But, adieu for the present. Come, have over, have over.  Hydr. 
What man? pause (I pray thee) a little. For as soft fire maketh sweet malt: so, the hasty man (we see) doth seldom want woe. And (without question) thine unexperienced age, as also this thy preposterous purpose concerning that thine intended traffic, they do both of them, argue more haste than heed; more will than wit; more hurt than health; more poison than profit; and (which more is) a great deal more woe than welfare: if the same be not heedfully foreseen, and timely prevented.  Capn. 
Why so, I beseech you, Sir?  Hydr. 
Dost thou ask me, why so? Come hither I pray thee, sit close by my sides for a while: and I will tell thee why so.  Capn. 
Content. But, of all loves, then be as brief as you may: for fear of foreslowing my purposed voyage. Go to now, tell me what one reason you have, to be hardly conceited, concerning either my tender young years, or the long tried traffic of this my intended adventure?  Hydr. 
With very good will. And this so much the rather, for that the consideration of both jointly together, do even forcibly carry my thoughts to that self-same amazedness, which formerly affected julius Caesar that mighty Monarch and Conqueror of the whole world, concerning the tried effects of that fearful conflict which he eftsoons had with the Almains and Swevians in Germany, the Swissers and Tournayans in France.  Capn. 
What strange amazedness might that be, I beseech you?  Hydr. 
Certainly, even such, and so exceedingly strange, as did (for the present) most fearfully daunt the very vigour and force of his vital spirits. For, finding in that sort of people (above other nations) a wonderful courageous mind, with exceeding great strength of body to bear out the hottest brunt of the battle; and having also at length obtained of them a very laborious and tedious victory, with exceeding much toil, and very great bloodshed: by the often consideration thereof, he was sundry times drawn into this deep and serious cogitation: Namely, how it might possibly come to pass, that he should so experiment in every of them, such a rare and courageous spirit, and so resolute a will, with sufficient strength accordingly, to undergo any imminent danger; whereas, in others he found nothing at all but an effeminate life, with a mind of curiosity, in withdrawing themselves from all dangerous and deadly occurrents.  Capn. 
And what? was he carried so far into this endless labyrinth, as he wotted not well which way to wind himself out, but with leading himself backward by the only conduct of a labyrinthian clew?  Hydr. 
Nothing less. For (having searched all the corners of his divine wit, to find forth some reason in nature concerning this matter) at length (with exceeding great judgement, and singular wisdom) he espied two special causes hereof; Namely, their abstinence from wine: and, their want of traffic with other nations.  Capn. 
What benefits could come unto them by either of both these courses?  Hydr. 
Surely, exceeding great benefits. For, by the first (namely, by their abstinence from wine) they reaped this certain commodity; I mean, they continued the state of their bodily humours in a sound and settled temperature: and, by the other (that is, by their utter want of usual traffic with other nations) they kept entire their ancient customs and manners, and held them continually absolute, and uncorrupted with the venomous vices of foreign countries. As also (by the ordinary means of both) they received this singular benefit, that they preserved from time to time, the vigour, as well of their minds as their bodies, substantially sound and lively, and every way pregnant and ready, both for peace, and for wars.  Capn. 
How hath this odd cogitation of his distracted your mind?  Hydr. 
In very deed, exceedingly much. For, having eftsoons somewhat seriously pondered this his approved judgement, and comparing it even now, with the present occasions of this our licentious age, as also, with their childish & fond resolution concerning such foreign adventures: I do find too too many important and weighty causes, very earnestly persuading me to be jump of julius Caesar's opinion concerning such a purposed project.  Capn. 
And why so?  Hydr. 
Dost thou ask me why so? Do but evenly compare the one age with the other, and thou shalt plainly perceive the reasons thyself. For, what made them (in those days) such able men of their bodies and minds, and so apt for every difficult enterprise, but even that their ordinary abstinence from wine and strong drinks? And what causeth us now to become such cavallering Carpet Knights, such fantastical effeminate fellows, and so utterly unfit for martial affairs, but our continual carousing of cup after cup; our insatiable tippling up of Tobacco fumes, and our contagious conversing with the vicious customs of foreign countries?  Capn. 
I can (as yet) conceive no one inconvenience from either of both.  Hydr. 
Let us then consider them severally: for, so shall we the sooner perceive the pernicious occurrents proceeding from either. Observe therefore I pray thee, what monstrous diseases are daily bred in men's bodies, as also, how many and diverse corruptions are couched close in their minds, by reason of an immoderate swilling up of wine, of ale, and of beer. For, from whence proceedeth superfluous moistures overspreading each solid part of the body? From whence cometh Catarrhs, Coughs, Rheums, distillations of the brain, Comaes, Apoplexies, Palsies, Dropsies, Peripneumonies, Impostumations of the Lungs, Lethargies, Ephialties, Tremble, Cataracts, Ophthalmies, Crudities, Iliaca passions, Cachexies, Surfeits, unnatural Vomitings, joint sicknesses, Gouts, and sundry such other; besides the manifold corruptions of the mind itself: from whence (I say) do all and every of these take primary being, but from an immoderate quassing? Would to God, this preposterous age of ours did not so pregnantly purport and witness the same, without any my record herein.  Capn. 
Indeed I must freely acknowledge, that such sundry and strange diseases are grown too too rife and ripe in this our decrepit age, and those also very fearfully affecting both young and old: but do all those diseases you speak of, directly proceed from an immoderate gulling in of hot wines, and other strong drinks?  Hydr. 
Undoubtedly, they do take their primary sprout from those pernicious fountains, either immediately, or, by a mutual consent in their sundry and diverse gradations at least: as thou thine own self (by some sober conference with grave and skilful Physicians) mayst more sensibly and more sound be made to perceive.  Capn. 
Well Sir, I understand (by the purport of your speech) what fearful inconveniences may successively follow upon such an immoderate swilling: and therefore I do herein accord with yourself and julius Caesar, that, a moderate abstinence from wine and other strong drinks, is a singular good means to support the sound estate of men's natural humours, and (thereby) the better to enable their bodies and minds for every notable exploit. Howbeit, I cannot (as yet) conceive, how this our intercourse of traffic with foreigners should any way prejudice the persons of men; or procure annoyance to the public good of our English Island. And therefore, tell me without farther delay, whether you do absolutely deny us all traffic with strangers?  Hydr. 
Nothing less. For, so should I be sure, not only to cross the singular good purpose of God, in the mutual conservation of people and nations dispersed abroad: but also, even utterly overthrow an excellent good course for the orderly increase of mutual concord betwixt kingdom and kingdom, while the pining wants of the one, are plentifully supplied by the others abundance. Concerning therefore the timely intercourse of traffic with strangers, though I hold the same simply lawful, nor flatly to be forbidden by any; if especially, a provident care and a due regard be first had of the traveler his age and years, as also, of the religious and honest estate of those countries themselves, whereunto the travelers bend their purposed designments for such traffic intended: Although yet, notwithstanding (I know not well how) this I am certainly sure of, that, whilst such an inconsiderate recourse to and fro from sundry nations and kingdoms far remote, lieth carelessly open for whosoever will first give the onset upon it, we leave our ancient simplicity eftsoons in a foreign air: and (in stead thereof) do too greedily suck up from foreigners, not their virtues, but vices, and monstrous corruptions, as well in religion and manners, as also, in framing the whole course of our life (both for apparel, diet, and all other things) every way correspondent and currant to such a contagious, and most pernicious precedent.  Capni. 
By your leave Sir a little, before you proceed in your speech.  Hydr. 
With all my heart: propound what you please.  Capn. 
This then is the sum of my purpose. Seeing the holy Scriptures do teach us directly, that 
g Rom. 7.25.  it is the law in our members which leadeth us captives to sin, and that 
h jam. 1.14.  every man is enticed and drawn unto evil by his own concupiscence: how dare you ascribe the corruptions either of our minds or bodies, concerning religion and manners, unto any our intercourse of traffic with foreign nations?  Hydr. 
Very true as thou sayest. It is the law of our members which leadeth us captives to sin; and that every man is enticed and drawn unto evil by his proper concupiscence. But yet, mark thus much withal, that the Scripture doth not there make the minds of men mere agents, but patients rather in the perpetrating of any ungodly actions; because, those their minds, are said to be enticed and led, which necessarily importeth thus much at the least: Namely, (sith those their minds are said to be enticed, and led) necessarily there must (in every such sinful action) be some other primary agent (besides their said minds themselves) which so enticeth, and leadeth men captives: as also, a convenient means with some proportional object, whereby they may so be enticed and led unto evil. Now then (to speak properly and pertinently) the devil himself is that primary agent: who, by sundry external occurrents (as it were by most apt and convenient means thereunto) doth accidentally entangle men's minds: that so (their said minds being formerly captivated by their proper concupiscence) he might the more easily entice, and lead them captives to all manner of evil. For so james speaks plainly in the forenamed Scripture, thus: Let no man say (a he is tempted) I am tempted of God, for God tempteth no man: but every man is tempted, when he is drawn away by his proper concupiscence. Where the Apostle (yousee) speaketh purposely of three concurring together in every temptation. Namely, the primary tempter, I mean the devil; the party tempted, that is, man's mind; & the outward object, as ● convenient means whereby the temptation itself is thoroughly effected: namely that inbred concupiscence which covertly lurketh in every man's nature, as it were a quick spark under ashes. Which said concupiscence (having apt matter outwardly offered unto it) will quickly be kindled, especially, if the devil with his bellows but blow up the same. A most lively representation presentation here of we may have in the first fall of mankind wherein 
i Gen. 3.1. Wisd. 1.24. 2 Cor. 11.3.  the devil himself was the primary tempter, 
k Gen. 3.1. 1 Tim. 2.14.  our Grandmother Eve she was the party tempted; and her 
l Gen. 3.6.  inherent concupiscence, the very means whereby the temptation itself was effected. Which her concupiscence (howsoever the same was 
m Gen. 1.27. Eph. 4.24.  absolutely upright and sound before,) yet then (having a proportional object outwardly and conveniently applied unto it, (the 
n Gen. 3.4.5.6.  apple I mean which was good for meat, and pleasant in sight) her said concupiscence (being eftsoons blown up 
o Gen. 3.1.4.5  by the bewitching bellows of Satan's enticing blast) was quickly inflamed and kindled in evil. And therefore (the premises rightly respected) I both dare, and may as boldly ascribe the pollutions of our minds and bodies (concerning religion and manners) to such careless intercourse of trafficking with the corruptions and customs of foreign countries; as I formerly avouched the immoderate swilling in of hot wines, with other strong drinks, to be the very procuring cause of many pernicious diseases in the bodies of men.  Capn. 
Which ways Sir, I beseech you?  Hydr. 
Dost thou ask me which ways, or by what means such careless intercourse of traffic with foreign nations, might be any occasion of polluting both body and mind? If I should likewise demand of thee now, which way, or by what means the wise King Solomon became such a wicked idolater: wouldst thou not tell me strait way, that it undoubtedly came so to pass, by his conversing and wedding with wicked idolatrous nations?  Capn. 
That would I presently do, and you may not deny it yourself: because the word of our God 
p 1 King. 11.1.2.3 4.5.6.7.8.  avoucheth so much.  Hydr. 
And doth not the same word of God tell thee in like sort, that 
q Eccle. 13.1.  all such as handle pitch shall be defiled with pitch? And therefore the good people of God are precisely charged 
r jer. 51.8.9. reve. 14.8.9. and 18.3.4.  to go out forthwith from Babylon's beastly society, for fear of partaking with Babylon's beastly sins. If good men's timely departure from Babylon's beastly society, be deemed a very good means to deliver their bodies and souls from Babylon's beastly sins: who seeth not then, but that their untimely and careless conversing with Babylon's society, must needs be some urgent occasion of a contagious communicating with Babylon's beastly corruptions? Yea and this so much the rather, by how much the feeble nature of sinful man, is more wilfully prone to perpetrate whatsoever noisome pollutions, then warily priest to participate with holy and wholesome preservations.  Capn. 
Illustrate this one point (I beseech you) with some apparent and plain demonstrations of truth.  Hydr. 
With all my heart. But first, let me here ask thee, whether thou thyself dost not very plainly perceive (in thy proper experience) too too many of our English men's minds most fearfully estranged from the Apostolic primitive sincerity: and their bodies withal, very monstrously transformed from their former ancient simplicity?  Capn. 
Yes undoubtedly. I have eftsoons experimented the truth hereof, in a daily, and due observation of their present estates: and withal, I have wondered greatly thereat, considering the sincere and plentiful preaching of the gracious Gospel among us.  Hydr. 
No marvel hereof at all. For howsoever the sacred word of our God hath a glorious passage among us, that it might be 
s 2. Cor. 2.16.  A savour of life unto life in such as believe, or a savour of death unto death in so many as perish, and is also 
t 2. Cor. 2.14.15.  in either of both a sweet savour to God: yet surely (such is the waywardness of men's wicked nature) we commonly do take a much more delight in an apish invention of men's wicked actions 
u Esa. 3.16.  then in an holy meditation of wholesome admonitions. And therefore, like as lewd words 
x 1. Cor. 15.33 jere. 44.16.17.  are a most mischievous means to corrupt good manners: so likewise, licentious manners, they are very contagious occasions to 
y Psal. 106.34 35.  contaminate the minds of men with all manner of outrageous maladies. Whereupon the Apostle precisely commands men 
z 1. Thes. 5 22.  to abstain from all appearance of evil.  Capn. 
All this I freely confess: but what infer you hereof?  Hydr. 
This I infer: namely, the very main reason itself, confuting that their former most frivolous wondering at the contagious corruption of men's minds and bodies: especially in this age of ours, wherein the glorious Gospel is so sincerely and so freely preached among us. For (pretermitting herein the unsearchable purpose of God, who useth eftsoons to punish one sin with another) what other more pregnant reason may be rendered for this, than our careless intercourse of trafficking with the contagious corruptions, and customs of foreign nations? And (to explain my speech in more particular manner) from whence cometh it now to pass, that so many of our English-mens minds are thus terribly Turkished with Mahometan trumperies; thus ruefully Romanized with superstitious relics; thus treacherously Italianized with sundry antichristian toys; thus spitefully Spanished with superfluous pride; thus fearfully Frenchized with filthy prostitutions; thus fantastically Flanderized with flaring networks to catch English fools; thus huffingly Hollandized with ruffianlike loome-workes, and other like Ladified fooleries; thus greedily Germandized with a most gluttonous manner of gormandizing; thus desperately Danished with a swinelike swilling and quaffing; thus sculkingly Scotized with Machiavillian projects; thus inconstantly Englished with every new fantastical foolery; thus industriously Indianized with the intoxicating filthy fumes of Tobacco, and what not beside? From whence (I pray thee) do all these, and sundry such other prodigious pollutions of mind and body proceed, but from an inconsiderate conversing with the contagious corruptions, and customs of those the forenamed countries? According to the Italian proverb which pourtrayeth forth an Englishman, thus: Englese Italienato, e v● diabolo incarnato: An English man Italienate, is a very devil incarnate.  Capn. 
And doth their only conversing with those the forenamed foreign countries, procure such filthy pollutions of body and mind?  Hydr. 
It is not simply their conversing with any those foreign countries themselves: but their communicating rather with the inbred corruptions, and contagious customs of those several countries, tha● poisoneth both, with such filthy pollutions.  Capn. 
You conclude then, that our country men may safely converse with those countries themselves, all the while they be carefully circumspect of their own proper carriage, and resolutely purposed not to participate (in any respect) with the contagious corruptions of those self-same countries.  Hydr. 
Very true. But how difficult a matter it is for man's nature (so universally polluted) to escape the pollutions themselves, each one may perceive in his proper experience, and find it most apparently demonstrated by this ordinary experiment: Namely, let a sweet crystal stream but have it accustomed course through the midst of a foul filthy channel, and then tell me how long that stream itself will sound retain his inherent sweetness or clearness. Now then, man's corrupted nature (being neither inherently sweet, nor essentially clear in itself) if it be carelessly permitted (hand over head) to have an ordinary intercourse of trafficking with corrupt and contagious countries, as it were in a foul filthy channel, the very mind itself will be as unable to withstand the pernicious customs of those contagious countries, as the very body of man (accustomably conversing in pestilential places) is unfit to resist the pestilential infections of those self-same places. For a further proof of this point, let other Christian policy; or the King his prerogative royal; or the force of fear and bloody massacres, but once proclaim a final restraint, or perpetually forestall the accustomed course and recourse for traffic to any the forenamed Babel's of beastly confusions, and thou shalt plainly perceive by the very sequel thereof, how far forth the contagion itself hath hitherto possessed those passengers minds. For the Merchants of the earth (making erst their ordinary traffic, in the bowels and belly of those beastly Babel's) will eftsoons begin very grievously to bemoan themselves, by reason of such a final restraint from those their beloved Babel's of beastly confusions; because no man may now 
a Revel▪ 18.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.  buy of their wares any more: Their glittering wares (I mean) of gold, of silver, of precious stones, and pearls: their wares of fine linen, of purple, of silk, of scarlet, and all manner of Thine wood; their wares of all vessels of ivory, and of all vessels of precious wood; their wares of brass, of iron, and of marble; their wares of cinnamon of odours, of ointments, of frankincense, of wine, of oil, of fine flower, and of wheat; their wares of beasts, of sheep, of horses, of chariots, of servants▪ of the very souls of men: yea and of the apples (I mean, the filthy Tobacco fumes) which their very souls and minds so earnestly affected, and lusted after. All these are departed from them; and all other things else which were fat and excellent are quite departed from them, so as they can find them no more. The Merchants of these (I say) which were made (by such traffic) exceedingly rich, will stand afar off and cry: Alas, alas, that great Babel of beastly confusions, which was formerly appareled in fine linen and purple, and scarlet; and gilded with great and glorious riches; as of gold, of precious stones▪ and of pearls; is now come to a woeful and sudden desolation. And every ship-maister, and all the people that occupy ships, and shipmen, and whosoever do usually travail upon the Seas, shall stand afar off & cry out, saying: What City was ever like to this our beloved great Babel for traffic? Yea, they will even cast dust on their heads, and with weeping and wailing will cry out and say: Alas▪ alas for this our beloved Babel, wherein were made rich all such as had ships on the Sea, by means of her costly traffic: for (by that former final restraint) she is now in one hour, made utterly desolate. Now then, all these (with sundry such other their horrible outcries, arising upon that former final restraint for trafficking any further with foreign countries) do very plainly purport to the world, that both bodies and minds have heretofore been filthily polluted with the contagious corruptions and customs of those foreign countries.  Capn. 
They pretend (I confess) very probable presumptions. But what? is there none other remedy else for the timely redress of this mischief, but the only perpetual, and final restraint of trafficking with them any further?  Hydr. 
God forbid the case should consist of such a desperate condition.  Capn. 
What then (as you yourself conceive of the matter) may be the safest course to be taken herein?  Hydr. 
Attend with patience, and I will tell thee my proper thoughts.  Capn. 
I do Sir: and therefore, I pray you proceed.  Hydr. 
This than it is. When I had somewhat more seriously bethought me hereof (though somewhat too late) and with great grief of heart observed these matters, as well concerning our Church, as Commonwealth, even thereupon I met with (as I verily imagined) a very fit means for the timely forestall of all those the forenamed mischiefs: the which also I will here propound to the serious consideration of thyself, and all other beside. Not because I do once imagine, that either thou or they may possibly be ignorant of it, being a point so frequent and popular in public policy: but rather, that you all may jointly record, and mutually recognise with me that self-same thing which cannot possibly become unpleasant to any; being (in very truth) approved of all, and universally convenient for the good estate of our Church and Country.  Capn. 
Declare the same then, without any further delay.  Hydr. 
I will. Aristotle that divine Philosopher, a man in all his inventions very excellent, especially, in framing a Commonweal, most admirable: he deemeth young men utterly unmeet to be overtimely instructed (much less employed) in matters of civil policy. And moreover, for so much as (by reason of their tender years) the humours of young men are too too turbulent and heady, and their affections over easily carried away, he alloweth them no conversation at all with servants, much les●e with strangers, of whom (for the slenderness of their present judgements) they might rather learn that which may fearfully corrupt both nature and manners, then what would any way better their minds in either of both.  Capn. 
To what purpose propound you this opinion of Aristotle?  Hydr. 
To a very good purpose. For by this one precept of his, we may clearly collect, what course (in this case) is most convenient to be taken with Youths, more especially with such as are Students, as also with so many beside, as (by reason of their worths) should seriously give over themselves to the study of learning for public good.  Capn. 
What course, I beseech you?  Hydr. 
Even this which here followeth now: Namely, that no foreign recourse be permitted to any (especially the younger sort) before they be fully come to their ripe, and well stayed years.  Capn. 
And why so, I pray you?  Hydr. 
Because then (their humours being formerly settled) the staidness of those their said humours will cause the perturbations of the mind to be calmed: so as (from the orderly assuaging of both) there must necessarily proceed a maturity, and ripeness in judgement. Because than they can more easily discern what is sound in opinion, as also what is honest and meet in manners: being then also the better enabled (with a more constant resolution) to pursue, and to follow especially that which is good.  Capn. 
If this caution were carefully observed in the ordinary education of Youths, what public commodity would follow thereof?  Hydr. 
Very admirable and sundry commodities would grow from the same. For by this means, it would undoubtedly come to pass, that neither our Church would be dilacerated and disquieted with so many heretical opinions; our Weal public deformed with so great and grievous corruptions, nor the profession of Physic so amazed (as eftsoons it is) at the often beholding of such hideous monsters (to use Averroes his words) in many diseases.  Capn. 
What Sir? will you now play the Puritan, in presuming thus proudly to propound new platforms concerning Ecclesiastical and Civil policy?  Hydr. 
That was and is the furthest end of my thought. For seeing as well heresies in Religion, as corruptions in manners are authentically referred to the several Magistrates of Church and Commonweal, by them to be plucked up by the roots; and seeing moreover (so much as lieth in them) they have hitherto very well and warily weeded them out in either of both: it never was, nor is now my meaning so polypragmatically to thrust forth my sickle into those their sincerely designed harvests, nor to intermeddle at all with any their lawfully propounded projects. Only (as a well-willer to either of both) I do here purpose (for the present) to put down and declare what dangerous discommodities in Physic, as also, what pernicious occurrents to our physical methods of curing diseases, are too too perniciously brought home and procured from foreign travel: while we have overcarelesly entertained a strange kind of curing, together with many strange and uncooth medicines never heard of before; yea and those not so sorcible to help the diseased, as to enfeeble and throw down the sound constitutions: and which also we do use so greedily (I will not say want only) quite contrary to our country's climate, the natural constitution of our country bodies, the inevitable rules of all physical reason, and the long approved custom of all our wise Ancestors.  Capn. 
Pretermitting (for the present) your physical methods for curing, our natural constitutions, our Country's climate, your physical rules, as also our Ancestors long approved customs, as matters beyond mine element: do tell me (I pray you) what one kind of hurtful traffic you are able to name, that is so carelessly transported from foreign countries?  Hydr. 
What one, sayest thou? Alas man, what sundry sorts of poisonsome drugs could I not sound challenge that way, if time would permit, and such an unwonted challenge might possibly prevail against the settled conceits of headstrong people? Howbeit, among many things, which (without either profit, or due regard) are needlessly (yet daily) brought home by certain vicious and wild dispositions from the farthest India, surely nothing (in my conceit) could be devised more apt, and more fit to overthrow quite the solid strength of our bodies, nor more prompt and more ready to obscure and to darken the faculties of our minds, than this filthy fume of Tobacco, whereof I purpose here chiefly to speak. In drinking also whereof, too too many do lead a smoky life, breathing nought forth but smoking fumes: until (by untimely deaths) they do fearfully forestall the timely establishment of an honourable and ancient age.  Capn. 

b 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Haec Hel●na pro qua digladiabantur. vide Iliad. 3.  This then (I perceive) is the only fair Helena for whose sweet sake now, a most bloody bickering must be bladed between us. But yet hear good Sir, I beseech you. This underhand particularizing of men's proper persons, as also, this so covert a singling forth of one particular commodity from all the rest, they are plain demonstrations, that your preposterous spleen doth more despitefully swell against my tender young years and purposed traffic, then desirously seek to assuage any sound supposed corruptions from foreign countries.  Hydr. 
And why so, I pray thee Capnistus?  Capn. 
First, because you so boldly avouch some such vainly imagined venom, to be overcarelesly conveyed from out of the farthest India into this our English Island, by vicious and wild dispositions. Secondly (for that among those your manifold supposed corruptions) you touch only Tobacco by name, as that only Trojan horse-bellie from whence all foreign filthiness (as yourself very sound surmise) doth too too infectiously overflow this Island of ours.  Hydr. 
I may safely swear for having a thought or purpose, either to point at any man's person, or once to pursue his particular traffic: but only to insist upon matters for public good. Howbeit, seeing this thy particular application, enforceth here some further explication, I will therefore deliver my mind in plainer terms touching either of both.  
For the first, who knoweth not of old, that this thy intended Tobacco, was primarily posted over from West India to England, by a vicious, a vain, and a wild disposition? that I say no more. And who seeth not likewise, that the same now (for the most part) is very vainly entertained in England, by as vicious, as vain, and wilder dispositions, if wilder may be? For tell me (I pray thee) what more vicious disposition then that, which so excessively taketh Tobacco, of very purpose to inflame his excessive and vicious affections? Or what more vain disposition then that, which so insatiably swalloweth the filthy fume of Tobacco, as an ordinary shooing-horn, to pull on more insatiably, an abundance of wine, and strong drink? Briefly what more vicious, more vain, or more wild dispositions may possibly be then those our carousing companions, who so viciously, so vainly, and so wildly do use the inward taking of filthy Tobacco fumes, as an intoxicating poison to make themselves, and other their swaggering associates most dangerously wild and mad with the venomous and deadly contagion thereof? Lo (Capnistus) these only considerations (not thy particular person) did make me so peremptorily to term those our careless Tobacco triflers, with that proportionable title of vicious, vain, and wild dispositions. So as none but such as cannot distinguish between the men and the matter itself, may justly be offended therewith.  
Neither did I precisely or purposely aim at any one particular traffic, appertaining more properly unto thine own self: but (intending only to propound and declare what dangerous discommodities in physic are forcibly offered to our orderly method of Curing, through an unorderly transporting of sundry pernicious drugs into this poor Island of ours from foreign countries) I made (for further proof of this point) a special choice to entreat of Tobacco alone in stead of the rest: of very purpose to bridle our unbridled and bewitched Tobacconists from tampering any further therewith. Whose wilful errors and vicious customs, though (as I could heartily wish) I cannot thoroughly reclaim and correct; yet give me leave (at this present I pray thee) to lay them wide open to the view of the world: that so our Tobacconists themselves may perceive (if the blind obscurity of their brains, procured from their filthy Tobacco fume will give them leave) how perniciously they dispose of their own proper health, while they so insatiably suck in (by the conduit of their tippling Tobacco pipe) a venomous matter enemy to man's nature, and so inconsiderately entertain that filthy noisome fume into the treasury of their temporal life.  Capn. 
If you intent to maintain this idle talk, for an absolute truth: you may be sure to have more fists than your own about your pate.  Hydr. 
Yea Capnistus, I do look for many gain sayers herein, and some peradventure of the learneder sort. Howbeit, I leave all men that way to their own proper judgement, all the while they work no prejudice to this my opinion; and so long as mine own self may with the same good leave dissent from them, by the which leave they hold and maintain a contrary conceit from me, I will not say from the truth itself.  Capn. 
But Sir, howsoever you seem to pretend many plausible pretences in open speech, men may yet suspect that you harbour some other shrewd purpose in your secret heart.  Hydr. 
Men (if they please) may imagine many curious castles beyond the Moon, without either matter or form at all. Howbeit I protest, not to speak purposely to the prejudice of any man's person: but let every man enjoy his proper opinion for me. Neither yet is this my speech herein undertaken for the private respect of painful Physicians; (which wicked imagination, some Christopher of all conceits may peradventure very viciously vent forth against my good meaning:) but rather that I might more freely, and more ingeniously express my whole mind in this matter, and show thee more plainly how I am persuaded in conscience concerning the same.  Capn. 
Well then, this your pretended purpose being sound performed, I doubt not but each man may reap a singular profit thereby.  Hydr. 
It were (in very deed) to be wished so: although yet I can hardly be persuaded it will be so. For Plato (in his book 
c Plat. in Gorg  entitled Gorgias) doth say there are two holes in men's minds, by means whereof they cannot sound contain the knowledge of good things; to wit, forgetfulness, and misbelief.  Capn. 
How do those two holes hinder their apprehension of good things?  Hydr. 
After a very pestiferous manner; if thou observe it well. For by the first (I mean by forgetfulness) the noble virtue experience (locked up long since in our memory) is eftsoons lost: and by the other (namely by misbelief) that steadfast persuasion whereby we should firmly resolve ourselves upon the authentical authority and faith of our teachers, is confusedly scattered. Both of these hurtful holes, I would have surely shut up in thyself, and so many beside as desire to reap any benefit by this my present discourse.  Capn. 
Let other men deal as they list; I (for mine own part) will carefully see them most sound shut up in myself: and therefore proceed and spare not to speak what you please, concerning the smoke of Tobacco.  Hydr. 
With very good will: wherein also I purpose to propound, and prosecute this following order. First (being now to speak generally of the nature of smoke) I will briefly and plainly show thee what smoke is: and how the same is distinguished from vapour and exhalation. Secondly, how many kinds of smoke there are: and from what kind of matter each one is drawn. And lastly, I will show thee what inconvenience and hurt the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, doth dangerously effect in the bodies of men.  Hydr. 
A most excellent order, no doubt: proceed therefore (I beseech you) first, in showing me generally what smoke is.  Hydr. 
Content. Wherein, mark this well, that almost all kinds of combustible matter, do send forth either smoke, vapour, or exhalation extracted from thence by the heat of the fire. The which three kinds of matters are also distinguished one from another, in respect either of their efficient; or of their matter; or of their effect at least. For the better understanding whereof, I think it best (in this place) to define them all severally, appointing to every of them his own particular limits and bounds.  Capn. 
Go to then, without any further delay.  Hydr. 
Aristotle (in the book of his Meteors) doth 
d Arist. in Meter. lib. 4. ●ap. 1.  distinguish them all in this sort. First, he defineth smoke to be the general and common extraction of dryness and moistures together, being wrought by the heat of a more vehement fire: which notwithstanding, doth neither moisten, nor bedew, but rather infecteth with a black colour such things as are smoked. In which definition, smoke (thou mayst see) respecting the matter thereof, is said to be a common extraction of drought and of moisture together. In respect of the efficient, it is said to be drawn out by a more vehement fire. And in regard of the effect, it is said to be died with a black colour, but yet not to moisten it at all.  Capn. 
Sir, by that which is hitherto spoken, I do plainly perceive what smoke is; but how distinguish you the same from vapour and exhalation?  Hydr. 
Even by those three former respects; namely, by the efficient, the matter, and the effect: as the comparison of smoke itself with those other two, will make more manifest.  Capn. 
Why, what thing is vapour I pray you?  Hydr. 
Aristotle (in his 
e Arist. in Meter. lib. 4. cap. 1.  forenamed book) defineth vapour to be a separation extracted (by a vehement heat) from water, and turned into air and spirit: which can make moist, but give no colour at all.  Capn. 
And what is exhalation?  Hydr. 
The said Aristotle defineth exhalation or breath, to be a separation of moisture alone, wrought by a small heat, which (in continuance of time) doth draw it forth: and which also is turned into air, and not into a spirit; neither yet doth it give any colour or moisture.  Capn. 
Having succinctly showed me what smoke, vapour, and exhalation is: now tell me (I pray you) wherein they accord, and how they do differ.  Hydr. 
I will. First therefore, smoke and vapour they jointly accord (thou mayst see) in their proper efficient cause, for both of them are wrought by a vehement heat, whereas exhalation is effected by a very small heat. Again (in respect of their matter) smoke doth differ from vapour, and exhalation both: for so much as smoke is the extraction of moisture and drought together, whereas vapour and exhalation they are only but the extraction of moisture. Again (in regard of the effect) smoke altogether varieth from vapour, because smoke is neither resolved into air, not yet into spirit, neither doth it moisten at all; both which are effected by vapour. Again, smoke and exhalation (in their effect) do partly differ; for that smoke coloureth, which the other doth not: and partly they accord in this, that neither of them both doth moisten. Again, vapour (concerning the effect) seemeth both to differ from exhalation, and to accord with the same. For, in that vapour turneth unto a spirit, and moisteneth also, therein it differeth: but whereas it is sometimes turned to air, therein it acordeth with exhalation. By all the premises than thou mayst plainly perceive wherein smoke acordeth with vapour and exhalation: and wherein also it differeth from either of both.  Capn. 
Very true as you say, if men may confidently credit Philosophy.  Hydr. 
Why not credit the same? Especially, it being so considerately determined by that prince of Philosophers, who both had a principal illumination this way from the heavenly Philosopher himself; and withal, the joint approbation of all succeeding Philosophers: as may very plainly appear by the approved consonancy which this his opinion holds with the original words put down in the sacred Scripture.  Capn. 
Show me succinctly this your supposed consonancy.  Hydr. 
With very good will. 
f Hebr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, id est, fumanit, infumavit, fumu● emisit. Graec. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. id est, fumus, ex furuo colore sic dictus.  First therefore (concerning the first word, viz. smoke) the Hebrews they use the word gnaschan, arising from the radical verb gnaschan: which signifieth to fume, to vapour, or send forth smoke. The Grecians, they have the word capnos, that is, a fume, a vapour, or smoke. The Latins have famus, which we commonly call smoke: that is to say, a black vapour extracted from fire, taking it own name from a furnace colour, and besmearing whatsoever it fumeth upon.  
And as this is the very true Etymon of the word smoke itself, so surely the sacred Scriptures, they do accordingly observe the same. As for example: When the Lord had assured Abraham of the Amorites country in the fourth generation following: the holy Ghost there affirmeth, that, when the Sun went down there was a fearful darkness. 
g Gene. 15.17.  For (saith the Hebrew) vehine thannur gnaschan; the Septuagint saith, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Et ecce fumantem furnum.  clibanos capnizomenos; the Latin saith, & ecce fumantem furnum: that is (saith the English) and, behold a smoking furnace. This place (thou mayst see) is directly plain for our matter propounded.  
Again, when the Lord in mount Sinai, gave the Law to his people, it is there said, that mount Sinai was all on a smoke, because the Lord came down upon it in fire. 
Exod. 19.18. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Et ascendebat fumus eius.  And (saith the Hebrew) Vaiagnal gneschano; saith the Septuagint, Hosei capnos caminou: saith the Latin, & ascendebat fumus eius; that is (saith our English) and lo, the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a fiery furnace. In this place likewise thou seest an approved consonancy concerning this point in question.  
In like manner, when joshuah had set the City of Hai on fire, It is said, that the men of Hai looked back and saw it: 
i josh. 8.20. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Et ascenderet fumus civitatis.  Hebrew, Vehine gnalah gnaschan; the Septuagint, et heoroun tòn capnón; the Latin hath, & ascenderet fumus civitatis: that is (saith our English) and lo, the smoke of the City ascended up unto heaven. In all these, and 
k Psal. 74.1. and 75.5. and 104.5. and 144.5.  sundry such other places beside, the holy Ghost (thou mayst see) doth not only observe the very Etymon of the word (smoke) but (which more is) he acordeth clearly with that which Aristotle hath set down before concerning the very true nature of smoke: namely, that it is an extraction of dryness and moistness together from some fiery combustible matter, through the heat of a vehement fire; that it is of a dark or sooty aspect; and that it besmeareth with a black or duskish colour, whatsoever is fumed therewith.  
Hereunto also acordeth the joint approbation of all the succeeding Philosophers, holding smoke to be hot and dry▪ and answerable in all things to that which was formerly spoken concerning the same. For (saith 
l ovid. Meta.  ovid.)— Calidóque involuitur undique fumo. Also Virgil saith thus, 
m Virg. Aeneid. 2.  Mistóque undantem pulvere fumum. In like manner saith Cicero thus, 
n Cic. in Pisonem.  Paulisper stetimus in illo ganearum tuarum nidore, atque fumo: and so all the rest. Seeing therefore we have thus, not only the joint approbation and mutual consent of all succeeding Philosophers; but (which more is) the authentical consonancy of sacred Scriptures concurring fully with that which Aristotle putteth down in his Meteors, concerning the efficient, the matter, and the effect of smoke: Let this fully suffice for thy full satisfaction that way.  Capn. 
It giveth me (Sir, I assure you) sufficient content, and therefore proceed now to the word vapour, I pray you.  Hydr. 
With very good will. And therefore, herein observe (in like manner) that (for that which we call vapour) the Hebrews they have 
o 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cognationem habet cum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. i. aurae, vapour.  edh, that is, a vapour or very thin fume. It hath a marvellous affinity with another word called udh: that is, a firebrand, an adustion, or burning, a piece of wood made black by adustion. The Grecians they have 
p Gen. 2.6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  atmòs, that is, a vapour or air. The Latins they have vapour: that is to say in our English tongue, a watery or earthy humour, extenuated or thinned: the breath or vapour of the seas, or the earth. Or, It is a very thin humour ascending up by adustion, and resolved into a watery cloud, being (by nature) moist and cold. According to that in Genesis saying, 
p Gen. 2.6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  Hebr. veidh; Septuagint; pêgê, Lat. vapour: that is in English, And a vapour ascended up from the earth, and watered all the earth. Again, it is said in job, 
q job. 36.27. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. ad vaporem cius.  that when God restraineth the drops of water, the rain poureth down. Hebr. leidho, Graec. eye nepheleen, Lat. ad vaporem: that is in English, by the vapour thereof. In these two places, the holy Ghost (thou seest) doth not only observe the very true Etymon of the word vapour itself, but doth likewise very fitly accord to that definition thereof which was formerly put down by Aristotle; namely, that vapour is a separation extracted (by a vehement heat) from water, and so turned into air or spirit; which also can moisten, but give no colour at all, being (by nature) cold and moist. Neither is the said vapour 
r johan. Velcurio. in Comment. lib. 3. cap. 5.  any inflammable impression as exhalation is: because (being but a moist and watery meteor) it cannot possibly be set on fire, nor carried beyond the middle region of the air: although notwithstanding (being so elevated) it may be thickened and made constringent.  
And hereunto also, we have the joint approbation of all the succeeding Philosophers. For saith Ovid, 
s ovid. Metamor lib. 1.  Vapour humidus omnes,— Res create, & discors' concordi● foetibus apta est. Howbeit this word, vapour, is sometime put down for heat, as witnesseth Columella saying, 
t Colum. lib. 5. cap. 10.  Minusque vaporis aestate per angustum os penetret. And so likewise saith Virgil, 
u Virg. Aeneid. lib. 5.  Lentusque carinas— est vapour, & toto descendit co●pore pestis. And so likewise the rest of that sort. Seeing therefore we have thus, not only the joint approbation of all succeeding Philosophers, but (which more is by much) the authentical consent of the sacred Scriptures, even mutually concurring with that which Aristotle himself hath formerly put down concerning the word, vapour, let this therefore (for the present) suffice for that point.  Capn. 
It fully sufficeth, and therefore proceed now (in like manner) to the word exhalation I pray you.  Hydr. 
With all my heart. Wherein observe (as before) that (for that which we call exhalation) the Hebrews they have the 
x 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ex. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  word mappach, that is, a sufflation, an air, or a breath. It comes of the radical verb, naphach, which properly signifieth to blow, to breath, to send forth an air from out of the mouth. It hath a marvelous affinity also with poach, 
Cognationem habet cum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  that is, to breath again, to breath forth: and is properly spoken of the air of the day. The Grecians, they call it 
y 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  apophora, that is, an exhalation, or an expiration. The Latins they have exhalatio, that is, a breathing, or drawing forth of breath. By all which it is apparently evident, that exhalation is a certain thin terrestrial spirit, which (by reason of a vehement heat) is exhaled, and drawn from out of the earth, and carried about in the air; being (by nature) hot and dry: and therefore very apt to be kindled or set on fire; a thing quite contrary to vapour, as I told thee even now.  
Whereunto acordeth that in job, who saith, that the hope of the wicked shall fail, their refuge shall perish: and their hope is 
z 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  mappach naphesh. Graec. 
a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  apóleia, Latin, exhalatio, vel expiratio animae, that is, as the exhalation, or the expiration of life: I mean, a very vain hope, or an exceeding sorrow of mind. Thus than thou mayst here plainly perceive the currant consent of sacred Scriptures concerning the Etymon also of this word exhalation.  
Neither is there wanting herein the joint approbation of all the succeeding Philosophers: according to that which Pliny speaks of it thus, 
b Plin. lib. 31. cap. 3.  Certior multò nebulosa exhalatio est. Again Cicero acordeth thereunto 
c Cicer. 1. Tuscul.  saying thus. Quod & humidum, & caliginosum est, propter exhalationes terrae. And so likewise the rest. Seeing therefore we have herein, not only the authentical consent of all succeeding Philosophers, but likewise the full approbation of sacred Scriptures concerning the true Etymon, the nature, the efficient, the matter, as also the several effects of these three different words, I mean, of smoke, of vapour, and of exhalation: thou mayst now more apparently perceive then ever before, wherein smoke acordeth with vapour and exhalation, and wherein also it differeth from either of both.  Capn. 
Very true as you say, but I pray you proceed.  Hydr. 
These things then being thus briefly determined, and set down (as thou seest) by their several names and differences: let us here now put vapour and exhalation apart for the present, as nothing appertaining to our purpose intended; and consider (in like sort) of the several kinds of smoke; that (by the means thereof) we may have a ready access to the rest.  Capn. 
Why Sir, how many kinds of smoke are there?  Hydr. 
Aristotle (in that 
d Arist. Meet. lib. 4. cap. 1.  his forenamed book and Chapter) divideth smoke into three several kinds: and distinguisheth them moreover, in an especial respect of those several matters from whence they are drawn. Namely, into fume, fulîgo, and Nidor.  Capn. 
What saith he first of fume?  Hydr. 
He defineth fume, to be a terrestrial exhalation extenuated; 
e 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  which the Hebrews call nasi, the Grecians atmós: that is, a vapour or fume of the earth. The Frenchmen they call it vapeur, exhalation, & fumée montant de la terre en haut: that is, a vapour, exhalation, or fume arising from some terrestrial or earthy substance. More especially (saith Aristotle) from some woody matter: whereunto also he referreth bones, hairs, herbs, and such like. All which said several matters, notwithstanding they have no one name common to every of them, yet are they jointly ranked in one and the self-same kind, as witnesseth Empedocles, saying thus. 
f Empedocles.  Of same kind are both leaves, and hairs, and pens of feathered Fowl; with scales of fishes, wherewith their strong bodies are covered.  Capn. 
Empedocles (by your patience Sir) he had not chiefly a respect unto any their supposed resemblance in matter, but unto that rather which consisteth in the final cause of those the forenamed several things. Namely, that look what end & use there is of hairs in creatures living upon the dry land: the self-same use there is also of leaves in plants, of feathers in fowls, and of scales in fishes; because unto every of the forenamed creatures hath nature allotted those self-same supplies, for their timely preservation and proper defence.  Hydr. 
Very true as thou sayest. And yet (notwithstanding all this) it is not to be doubted but that Empedocles withal, doth even secretly seem (as it were) to point also at the earthy constitution of every of these: which their said constitution is an effectual and a special furtherer of such conservation.  Capn. 
Well Sir, proceed to the other kinds of smoke, I beseech you.  Hydr. 
The second kind of smoke he calleth fulîgo, that is, a vapouring earthy fume extracted by heat: and making black the very beams of men's houses. Whereupon Quintilian (describing a Student rethorically) doth tell us directly, that 
g Quintilian.  unto such a one, fuligo lucubrationum bibenda est, the very smoke of the candle or lamp must be sucked up: meaning thereby, that a good Student must abide by his book, and spend light after light for the timely attainment of learning. In like manner, Aulus Gellius (alluding directly to the besmearing nature of fuligo) very lively setteth forth (by the same) the deceitful speeches of a subtle man, saying thus, 
h Aulus Gellius.  Verborum, & argutiarum fuliginem ob oculos audientium facit: that is, He casteth a mist of words before the eyes of his hearers.  
And as the witness of these men is a pregnant proof for this point; so surely, the Hebrews they have a word very consonant thereunto. For that which we name fuligo, they call 
i 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. fuligo.  kitor. The Septuagint they term it athrachia; the Latins, fuligo: that is, a vapouring fume, or subfumigation extracted from Frankincense, Myrrh, Aloes, or some such other aromatical spices, or herbs, being cast in the fire, as 
k Exod. 30.1.39. Numb. 4.16. ●sal. 66.15.  may plainly appear by sundry places of Scripture.  
Wherein thou mayst plainly perceive, that Aristotle (in his former book) doth fully accord with the infallible truth of God, by telling us confidently, that fuligo is some such vapouring exhalation as proceedeth from matter of fatty substance, especially from Frankincense, Pitch, and such other like subjects that are of a more fatty and pitchy nature.  Capn. 
And what is the third kind of smoke?  Hydr. 

〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. odor.  The third kind of smoke (named Nidor) is that which the Hebrews call riach, id est, odoratus est, olfecit; the Grecians call it osmein; the Latins odor, as appeareth evidently by 
m Cant. 2.13. and 4.10. jer. 48.11.  sundry places of Scripture put down in the margin. All which do plainly approve unto us, that Nidor is the fume or savour of any thing burned or broiled: according to the Frenchman's opinion, who call it 
n Ga●lica.  L'odeur & flair de quelque chose qui est au feu, ou bruslé. The Italian he terms it 
o Italica.  odor di cosa arostica. The Germans they name it, 
p Germanica.  ein geschmunerezeren. Again, ein gescmack eines gebratnem oder geroesteren dings. And the Spaniard entitles it, 
q Hispanica.  odor suave del maniar. Whereunto also acordeth Virgil, saying, 
r Virg. 12. Aeneid.  Illi ingens barba reluxit, Nidorémque arbusta dedit. Properly it signifieth some smell of oylie-meates either boiled or broiled: according to that of martial, saying, 
s Mar. lib. 1.  Pasceris, & nigrae solo nidore culinae. By the premises than it is very apparent, that Aristotle he was not deceived at all, in defining Nidor to be such a vapouring fume as is usually sent forth from some unctuous and oily matter.  Capn. 
But Sir, you seem herein (by your leave) to confound fuligo and nidor, and so to make of them both but one kind of smoke: For, what difference (I pray you) between a fatty and an oily matter?  Hydr. 
How a fatty and oily matter do differ one from another, the said Aristotle (in the former place) very plainly declareth, 
t Arist. Meet. lib. 4. cap. 1.  affirming fat to be more dry, and oil more moist. Yea, and Galen in his book 
u Galen. in libro Simplic.  of Simples, as also Aristotle in the forenamed Treatise, do jointly affirm the fatty fume called fuligo, to be more dry than that oily exhalation which is commonly called nidor: for that it consisteth of an earthy substance, and retaineth withal some strength or force of the fire.  Capn. 
Well then, let it be so as you say: but what do you observe from this your threefold difference of smoke itself?  Hydr. 
Surely a very fit introduction to this our intended business. For, seeing fume is drawn (by the operation of heat) from those self-same material substances, which (being by nature more earthy) will not, nor cannot be made to melt, but by reason of their dryness (which is the nature of flame in an only loss of their coldness) are turned eftsoons into fire: and seeing flame itself is nothing else but air, or smoke set on fire and kindled, it must necessarily follow (thou seest) that therefore, fume, it hath a far greater force to heat and dry, than either fuligo, or nidor hath.  Capn. 
The consequence I freely acknowledge, but what infer you hereof?  Hydr. 
A very pregnant gradation to this our purposed discourse concerning the fiery pernicious fume of filthy Tobacco. For these things being thus orderly set down and determined, according to the undoubted truth of that natural Philosophy which holdeth so apt a consonancy with the sacred Scriptures themselves, how can it possibly seem strange to any man living, that I should thus confidently affirm the fume of Tobacco (inwardly taken) to be very pernicious to the bodies of men? For, seeing all kind of smoke doth not only dry up the humours of the body, and inflame the inward parts, but also doth scorch and burn them up, yea and consume those radical humours which should uphold and nourish the spirits, and even feedeth (as it were) upon the heat both natural, and external, or accidental: how should not the smoke of Tobacco (being a more forcible fume then many of the rest) be much more able to dry up the humours, to inflame the entrails, to scorch and consume the radical humours, and so utterly to extinguish the natural heat itself? whereupon must necessarily ensue, not only a most fearful extraction of that the said natural heat, but also of those the vital spirits wherein are contained the vigour and power of the whole life itself.  Capn. 
I perceive no such necessary consequent (Sir) as yourself would here seem to conclude from the fume of Tobacco. Besides that, howsoeversome nimble and exquisite wits (by such a voluntary discourse as this of yours is) are sufficiently able to set a Vermilion die upon whatsoever subject or matter they please: yet (being at any time drawn to a more deliberate and succinct dispute) than a man may easily espy the manifold imperfections which covertly lurk in their extravagant and roving collations. And therefore proceed now more syllogistically (I beseech you) in the orderly prosecution of this your intended discourse, without any such soaring aloft in the air.  Hydr. 
With very good will. And therefore (to shut up this my wide open hand a firm closed fist, and to reduce my succeeding discourse into the ordinary limits of an artificial argument) I may thus propound my first reason fyllogistically: which also (being absolutely grounded upon the premises, as upon a firm foundation and infallible ground) may (by no cunning opposition or crafty engine) be possibly overthrown.  Capn. 
Go to then, propound it (I pray you) whatsoever it be.  Hydr. 
Attend then unto it, for this it is. 
The first argument.   
That which consumeth the natural heat, is very pernicious to the bodies of men.  
But the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, consumeth the natural heat.  
Therefore the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, is very pernicious to the bodies of men.  Capn. 
Your mayor proposition seemeth something obscure in my apprehension: and therefore, show me more plainly, how that which consumeth the natural heat, is very pernicious to the bodies of men.  Hydr. 
That may easily be proved by this following argument.  
That which causeth putrefaction and corruption both, is very pernicious unto the body.  
But that which consumeth the natural heat, causeth putrefaction and corruption both.  
Therefore that which consumeth the natural heat, is very pernicious unto the body.  Capn. 
This argument (I must needs confess) is very probable, but what authority have you (besides yourself) for further confirmation thereof?  Hydr. 
Why man, both Propositions (as thou heardest even now) are firmly protected by the authority of Aristotle, in that 
x Arìst. Me●●. lib. 4. cap. 1.  the forenamed book and chapter. Where he avoucheth confidently, that all kind of smoke doth dry up the humours, inflame the entrails; burn, scorch and consume those radical humours which are the upholders and nourishers of the vital parts; and extinguisheth their heat, both natural, and external, or accidental: and therefore pernicious unto the body.  Capn. 
But how are you able to maintain the Minor or second Proposition of your former Argument: namely, that the smoke of Tobacco consumeth the natural heat?  Hydr. 
If any make question thereof, the same may thus be performed.  
That which extinguisheth the natural and radical moisture, consumeth the natural heat.  
But the smoke of Tobacco extinguisheth the natural and radical moisture, and that in a very short time.  
Therefore, the smoke of Tobacco consumeth the natural heat.  Capn. 
How prove you the Proposition first: namely, that that which extinguisheth the natural, and radical moisture, consumeth the natural heat?  Hydr. 
I prove it very substantially and sound, thus.  
That which consumeth the subject, fountain, and maintainer of the natural heat, the same doth extinguish the natural heat.  
But that which feedeth upon the natural and radical moisture, consumeth the subject, fountain, and maintainer of the natural heat.  
Therefore, that which feedeth upon the natural and radical moisture, extinguisheth the natural heat.  Capn. 
Sir, I cannot contradict you in this: the proof thereof is so pregnant. Notwithstanding, I do flatly deny the Assumption put down in your former argument: namely, that the smoke of Tobacco extinguisheth the natural and radical moisture, and that also in a very short time.  Hydr. 
I confirm it more fully, by this syllogism or reason succeeding.  
That which scorcheth and burneth the natural or radical moisture, that extinguisheth the natural or radical moisture.  
But all kind of smoke drawn immediately from a matter hot and dry, scorcheth and burneth the natural or radical moisture.  
Therefore, all such kind of smoke (and so consequently the smoke of Tobacco drawn inwardly) extinguisheth the natural, and radical moisture.  Capn. 
I cannot as yet conceive the soundness of this your syllogism.  Hydr. 
Why man, the soundness of both propositions is apparently evident by that which was spoken before from Aristotle. Namely, ●hat 
y Arist. in Meteor. lib. 4. cap. 1.  all kind of smoke doth dry up the humours, inflame the entrails, burn up, scorch and consume the natural and radical humours; feedeth upon those the said humours which are the upholders, maintainers, and nourishers of the vital parts; yea and extinguisheth their hea●e both natural, and accidental. If all kind of smoke (drawn inwardly from a matter hot and dry doth work such fearful effects: then surely, the smoke of Tobacco (it being drawn inwardly from a matter more hot and d●ie then many of the rest) doth much more effectually, and more speedily procure such fearful effects. And so consequently, the fume of Tobacco taken inward, is very pernicious to the bodies of men: according to the inevitable force of this our first artificial argument.  Capn. 
Stay Sir I beseech you: insult not so bravely before the final success. For as one Swallow makes not a summer: so surely, this your first conflict against the fume of Tobacco, it concludes no absolute conquest over Tobacco. And howsoever this your primary assault may haply be thought very fierce and forcible, yet full feeble is the refuge of that resistance, which (for one only received wound) forsaketh the field.  Hydr. 
Why man, one only received wound (being both mortal and deadly) is no less dangerous to the life itself, than ten hundred concurring together. Howbeit, because the conquest itself will be so much more glorious, by how much the adverse part is made to appear more ignominious: it shall not be greatly amiss to undertake eftsoons, some deadly encounter herein. To the end therefore, that this smoky contagious fume (receiving the deadly wound afresh) may concludently, and clearly be chased from out of our coasts, I will now muster forth some fresh supply from those other our sound hearted arguments, which (for managing the forefront of this our set battle) do here so frankly offer their service in the open field.  Capn. 
Discharge your uttermost force against the fume of Tobacco, and spare not.  Hydr. 
Take this then that followeth, for a second murdering Canon.  

The second argument.  Whatsoever dissolveth the natural proportion of the Elements in bodies compounded and mixed, that same is very pernicious unto the body.  
But the smoke of Tobacco dissolveth the natural proportion of the Elements in bodies compounded and mixed.  
Therefore, the smoke of Tobacco, is very pernicious unto the body.  Capn. 
Sir, I am something suspicious of the first proposition: namely, that that which dissolveth the natural proportion of the Elements in bodies compounded and mixed, is very pernicious unto the body.  Hydr. 
The same may be made more apparently manifest, by this following proof.  
Whatsoever doth corrupt things naturally compounded, and so bring them to destruction, that same is very pernicious unto the body.  
But that which undoth the natural proportion of the Elements in bodies mixed, doth corrupt and destroy things naturally compounded.  
Therefore, that which undoth the natural proportion of the Elements in bodies mixed, is very pernicious unto the body.  Capn. 
Explain your proposition, I pray you.  Hydr. 
Why man? the proposition needeth no explanation at all, it is of itself so apparently manifest. For 
z Ioh Velcurio in universam Arist. Physic. lib. 2. cap. 14.  is not the essential being of a man, a body naturally compounded? And is not corruption, the mutation, and amission either of the substantial form, the quantity, or quality of such a compounded body? That thing then (whatsoever it be) which so corrupteth and destroyeth the substance, form, quantity, or quality of any compounded body, must needs be very pernicious to that self-same body.  Capn. 
What mean you (Sir) by a body compounded?  Hydr. 
That self-same substance whatsoever, which (being primarily connected, or knit together of it own proper beginning, Elements, substantial, and integral parts, causes, and qualities) is essentially combined in it own proper nature and substance, For 
a joh. Velcurio in universam Arist. Physic. lib. 2. cap. 14.  composition is nothing else but the connexion of forms in a natural body: by which connexion, that self-same natural body doth essentially cohere and consist in the proper proportion of parts and accidents. Now then, that thing which corrupteth and destroyeth the proportionable connexion of such a compounded body, must needs become very pernicious unto the body.  Capn. 
I begin now to perceive the pregnancy of your last proposition. Howbeit, I do flatly deny your Assumption: namely, that that which undoth the natural proportion of the Elements in bodies mixed, doth undoubtedly corrupt and destroy things naturally compounded.  Hydr. 
The same is approved by the joint authorities 
b Hippocra. in libro Aphoris. lib. 5. Aphoris. 62. Galen. in libro detemperam.  of Hypocrates and Galene; as also by 
c Arist. Meet. lib. 4. cap. 1.  Aristotle himself, in that the forenamed Treatise. Wherein the excellent Philosopher (defining procreation to be properly effected by the due proportion of Elements) doth manifestly notify unto us: that death and destruction is nothing else but the dissolution of that self-same proportion, or (at the least) that this dissolution is the very cause or way to such destruction.  Capn. 
Well, be it so. But prove the Assumption put down in your former propounded argument: namely, that the smoke of Tobacco dissolveth the natural proportion of Elements, in bodies compounded and mixed.  Hydr. 
The same is apparently evident by this following argument.  
Whatsoever augmenteth the just proportion and measure of heat and dryness limited by nature, that dissolveth the natural proportion of the Elements in bodies compounded and mixed.  
But the fume of Tobacco taken inward, augmenteth the just proportion and measure of heat and dryness limited by nature.  
Therefore the fume of Tobacco taken inward dissolveth the proportion of the Elements in bodies compounded or mixed.  Capn. 
Prove your Proposition, I pray you Sir.  Hydr. 
Why man, the proposition is manifest enough of itself: so as all men (but natural sots) may sensibly conceive the same. For as well augmentation as diminution undoth the due measure of heat and dryness limited by nature herself: and so consequently, dissolveth the proportion of the Elements in bodies compounded and mixed.  Capn. 
Go to then, make good your Assumption: namely, that the fume of Tobacco taken inward, augmenteth the proportion and measure of heat and dryness limited by nature.  Hydr. 
I will convince the same to be true, by this subsequent syllogism.  
A more vehement heat and drought added to a less, augmenteth the proportion and measure of the less.  
But the smoke of Tobacco is more vehemently hot and dry, than the natural heat and drought of man's body.  
Therefore the smoke of Tobacco augmenteth the heat and dryness of man's body above the natural proportion thereof.  Capn. 
Make plain your Proposition I pray you.  Hydr. 
The same is plain enough of it own proper nature: being moreover confirmed by the joint authorities of Hypocrates, Galene, and Aristotle, as also by common sense. For who can deny that a greater quantity added to a less, increaseth the just proportion of the less?  Capn. 
You say very true. But yet for all that, I suspect the soundness of your Assumption: namely, that the smoke of Tobacco is more vehemently hot and dry then the natural heat and drought of man's body.  Hydr. 
Some man (peradventure) will not believe that to be true: but (being more fully confirmed by this following argument) the truth thereof will appear unto any how unlearned soever.  
That which the Physicians (in respect of man's temperature) do call hot and dry in the second degree, that (I mean) which exceedeth the due temperature of man's body by two degrees, and which (by adustion and b●rning) obtaineth a more vehement force from both▪ that same is more vehemently hot and dry then the natural proportion of man's body by much.  
But the smoke of Tobacco exceedeth in heat and dryness the due temperature of man's body by two degrees, and (by adustion and burning) obtaineth a more vehement force from both.  
Therefore the smoke of Tobacco is more vehemently hot and dry, than the natural proportion of man's body by much.  Capn. 
I deny your argument.  Hydr. 
Why man? the proposition thereof very reason itself doth ratify; and all sorts of learned Physicians do jointly subscribe to the same.  Capn. 
Go to then, make your Assumption: namely, that the smoke of Tobacco exceedeth in heat and dryness, the due temperature of man's body, by two degrees.  Hydr. 
That is sufficiently maintained and upholden by the authentical authority of Thevittus a French Monk; of Monardus a Spaniard; of Gesne●us a German; of Wicke●●s; Clusius; and other new writers; who do all jointly affirm Tobacco to be hot and dry in the second degree.  Capn. 
Be it supposed, that those men do hit on the sooth, by telling us jointly that Tobacco is hot and dry in the second degree. What then? doth it necessarily follow thereof, that therefore, the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, exceedeth the due temperature of heat and drought in our bodies by two degrees at least?  Hydr. 
Yea, that (be thou sure) must necessarily follow. For sith heat and dryness 
c joh. Velcurio in universam Arist. Physic. Lib. 2. cap. 22.  be primary sensible qualities, and that all primary sensible qualities are the primary virtues of Elements concurring jointly together in the due composition of bodies naturally compounded; it cannot possibly be, but as that which diminisheth the due proportion of heat and drought in bodies compounded, is colder by two degrees at the least, then if the natural heat & drought of such compounded bodies: so surely, that which augmenteth the due proportion of natural heat and drought in such compounded bodies, it must needs be hotter and drier than the natural heat and drought of those self-same bodies, by two degrees at the least. But now, that the heat and drought of this thy Tobacco smoke surmounteth the due temperature of heat and drought in the bodies of men, let our tippling Tobacconists tell thee the truth hereof in their proper experience; who (by reason of the excessive scorching and burning flames of their inward taken Tobacco fumes) are enforced eftsoons to assuage the vehemency and outrage of that excessive heat, by an excessive swilling in of wines, of ale, or of beer at the least.  
Seeing then this inward taking of Tobacco smoke dissolveth the due proportion of Elements in a body compounded or mixed; seeing it corrupteth things naturally mixed in such a compounded body; seeing it augmenteth that due proportion of heat and drought which nature herself hath justly limited to such a compounded body: it is more than apparently manifest, that the same surmounteth the natural heat and drought of our bodies, by two degrees at the least. And therefore, who seeth not now by this our second assault, but that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, is very pernicious unto the body?  Capn. 
Good Sir; how confidently soever you seem to conclude yourself: that (be you well assured) which you have hitherto said will be deemed as good as nothing, among those our gallant Tobacconists who make the very smoke of Tobacco their smoking glory.  Hydr. 
It may be true as thou sayest; especially among such as do make 
d Phil. 3.19.  their glory their shame, minding nothing at all but earthly things. Neither do I much marvel at this their bewitched blindness. For how is it possible that they whom this smoky fume hath made so fantastical (I will not say so senseless in judgement) should ever be able to determine substantially concerning this matter? And therefore, sith this their seducing Tobacco smoke is such an intoxicating Circe's, a monster of so many heads, and hath taken withal so deep root in those our besotted Tobacconists minds, as it will be found but an Herculean labour to eradicate and root out the same from a soil so suiting unto it: I hold it every way a very good course, yet still to bend more engines about it, and even to pull up (if possibly it may be) all the far spread sprouts and riotous springs thereof.  Capn. 
Undertake what exploit you please to supplant the same: for neither they, nor I do crave any favour herein.  Hydr. 
Go to then, let this which followeth now, 
The third argument.  and which also (in such gallant bravery against those gallant Tobacconists here marcheth on gallantly towards the very forefront of the battle itself, be entertained afresh for a third encounter against the inward taking of Tobacco fumes.  
That which maketh the clear, sweet, and wholesome spirits to become obscure, stinking, and unwholesome, is very pernicious unto the body.  
But the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, maketh the clear, sweet, and wholesome spirits to become obscure, stinking, and unwholesome.  
Therefore, the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, is very pernicious unto the body.  Capn. 
Pardon me Sir, though I do absolutely deny this Argument.  Hydr. 
Oh nay Capnistus, beware of such an absurd and senseless denial. For as the Argument itself is absolutely sound in mood and figure, so surely, either of both propositions may thus be easily proved.  
Whatsoever infecteth the instruments of both body and mind, that same doth most perniciously procure the destruction of the body.  
But that which maketh the clear, sweet and wholesome spirits to become obscure, stinking, and unwholesome, infecteth the instruments of both body and mind.  
Therefore, that which maketh the clear, sweet, and wholesome spirits, to become obscure, stinking, and unwholesome, that same doth most perniciously procure the destruction of the body.  Capn. 
I do not as yet conceive the soundness of your first proposition: namely, that that which infecteth the instruments of both body and mind, doth most perniciously procure the destruction of the body.  Hydr. 
The soundness thereof is hereby apparent: namely; for that no one action of life can be exercised without the mind and body. But neither body nor mind may possibly perform their duty that way without their proper instruments. Howbeit, the instruments of both, they are the spirits: the clearness, sweetness, and holsomnesie of which said spirits being made obscure, stinking, and unwholesome: how should either body or mind be able to exercise any one action of life in good order?  Capn. 
Very true as you say. But how are you able to prove your second Proposition: namely, that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, doth so infect, and corrupt the spirits?  Hydr. 
The same may very plainly be proved by this following argument.  
Whatsoever infecteth and defileth the whole body with a black, filthy, and smoky colour, that same doth make the clear, sweet, and wholesome spirits to become obscure, stinking and unwholesome.  
But the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, infecteth, and defileth the whole body with a black, filthy, and smoky colour.  
Therefore the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, doth make the clear, sweet, and wholesome spirits to become obscure, stinking and unwholesome.  Capn. 
Howsoever amazed herein, at all adventures I deny your argument.  Hydr. 
Thine amazedness (it seems) hath made thee at all adventures to bewray thy palpable ignorance in denying the argument. For the first Proposition thereof is such, and so sound, as no man of sound judgement will once dare to deny: it being (even in common sense) no less apparently evident than the Sunshine at midday. For must not that which infecteth and defileth the whole body with a black, filthy, and smoky colour, even necessarily make the clear, sweet, and wholesome spirits to become obscure, stinking, and unwholesome? What one man (being well in his wits may not plainly perceive the apparent necessity and truth of such a consequent?  Capn. 
But how prove you the second Proposition: namely, that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, infecteth and defileth the whole body with a black, filthy, and smoky colour?  Hydr. 
That is fully ratified by the authority of Aristotle in his former Treatise; where (as I have eftsoons told thee before) he affirmeth 
e Arist Meet. lib. 4. cap. 9  all sorts of smoke (and therefore the smoke of Tobacco) to infect with a black colour: the same also avoucheth Galene in sundry places. And (besides their two approved testimonies) that which I have heard eftsoons very credibly reported by many; as also, that whereof myself was once an eye-witness, namely, an approved experience in the opening of sundry men's bodies, which (being fearfully strangled up with this poisonsome smoke) very suddenly died) doth apparently prove the truth of this proposition: for so much as those dead bodies (being so cut up) were every of them found strangely infected with a certa●ne black and smoky colour.  
Seeing therefore the inward taking of Tobacco smoke doth make the clear, sweet and wholesome spirits obscure, stinking and unwholesome; sith it infecteth all the instruments of the body and mind; briefly▪ seeing it corrupteth and defileth the whole body with a black, filthy, and smoky colour: who can (without blushing) deny, but that the taking of Tobacco inwardly, is very pernicious unto the body?  Capn. 
Howsoever myself be unable with sway of argument to deny the same: yet be you well assured of this, that you shall find ten thousand Tobacconists flat opposite to you.  Hydr. 
That may very well be, For so one only Michaiah 
f 1 Kin. 22.23. ●4.  did find four hundred opposite to that which he spoke from the mouth of the Lord: and yet, their exceeding great multitude was no manner of prejudice to the truth which he taught. Howbeit, that I may here (as much as possibly lieth in my power) take away whatsoever occasion of either gainsaying or doubting, and that the truth of this matter might be made to appear as manifest as the Sun in his strength: I have even purposely placed this following argument in the rearward of the battle, as an armour of proof, to give a fresh encounter against Tobacco fumes.  Capn. 
Discharge your uttermost force, and spare not.  Hydr. 
Well then, stand strongly upon thy guard: for this it is.  
Whatsoever spreadeth and disperseth throughout the whole body a most venomous matter, 
The fourth argument.  and a mortal enemy to the nature of man, that same doth bring destruction unto the body.  
But the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, spreadeth and disperseth throughout the whole body a most venomous matter, and a mortal enemy to the nature of man.  
Therefore, the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, doth bring destruction unto the body.  Capn. 
I perceive not the truth of your first Proposition.  Hydr. 
How true that is, we may plainly perceive by the pestilence, and sundry such other infectious diseases. All which (by the dispersing and spreading of a venomous matter, and a mortal enemy to man's nature throughout the whole body) do procure the present destruction of men by many great multitudes, as daily experience approveth.  Capn. 
Well, be it so as you say: but how appeareth the truth of your second Proposition? Namely, that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, doth spread and disperse throughout the whole body, a venomous matter, and a mortal enemy to the nature of man?  Hydr. 
The truth thereof doth sound forth itself throughout every coast, by the sudden and lamentable end of many Tobacconists; more especially, by a pitiful experience in Parson Digbie at Peterborough of late: who (having excessively taken Tobacco in a tippling house) did instantly fall down stark dead in the open streets. All which examples (being no less true than woeful) as they may serve for a terror to all: so especially, these our insatiable suckers in of Tobacco smoke, should conscionably apply to themselves, and be warned thereby. Notwithstanding, this fantastical course (I know not how) is now grown into such a foolhardy custom among us, as other men's harms cannot make us beware: neither yet are bare examples of sufficient force to suppress and abolish this idle opinion from out of our idle brains.  Capn. 
What Sir, would you have men so precizely, so certainly, and so confidently conclude conceits from every uncertain and sudden occurrent? So should we be sure, eftsoons to conclude many strange, extravagant, and uncertain conclusions. Men must live (you know) by infallible rules: not by fantastical, and fickle examples. Neither have you yourself any one authentical rule, to conclude so certainly, from such an uncertain example as you urged even now. For what kind of sequel call you this? Namely, such a man died instantly after his insatiable taking of Tobacco fumes: therefore, his insatiable taking of Tobacco fumes was the undoubted cause of that his so sudden a death.  Hydr. 
It followeth as fitly as this: Such a man died instantly upon his careless entertaining of one dangerously sick of the pestilential infection● therefore, his careless entertaining of one so dangerously sick of the pestilential infection, was the undoubted cause of that his so sudden a death.  Capn. 
Nay Sir, the pestilence, and Tobacco, as they are not of one and the self same mortal condition: so they work not one and the self same mortal infection. For the pestilence, and sundry such other infectious diseases, they contain in them essentially some contagious and venomous matter, which (dispersing itself presently throughout all the parts of the body) will undoubtedly procure the present destruction of that self same body: whereas you have not hitherto proved, that there is in Tobacco itself any such infectious or venomous matter.  Hydr. 
Well then, thus much thou dost grant by the way: that the peril by conversing with pestilential persons, must necessarily arise from some infectious or venomous matter proceeding from those pestilential diseases, and dispersing itself presently throughout the whole body.  Capn. 
Sir, if I should deny that to be true, experience itself would prove me a fool.  Hydr. 
And dost thou fond imagine, that experience will prove thee a wiseman, if thou deniest the truth of the other? For tell me (I pray thee) must not the present destruction of so many Tobacconists, even as necessarily also arise of some infectious or venomous matter proceeding from such inward taking of Tobacco fumes, and presently dispersing itself throughout the whole body?  Capn. 
Good Sir, this sequel is yet in dispute: and you take it as granted.  Hydr. 
I scorn such a grant at any man's hand: especially in this so evident, and so clear a cause. And therefore, I will here undertake afresh to convince (if possibly I may) by sound and substantial reasons, that which I cannot persuade by sundry examples, how lamentable and pregnant soever. Thou having therefore so freely granted, that the thing which thus suddenly surpriseth the life of men's bodies, must necessarily have in it some infectious or venomous matter, dispersing itself presently throughout the whole body: why should not the Assumption itself (established especially upon so certain a ground) be able to stand invincibly against whatsoever assaults of fantastical and idle companions?  Capn. 
Well, go to then, prove your Assumption: namely, that this insatiable swallowing up of Tobacco smoke doth spread and disperse throughout the whole body a venomous matter, and a mortal enemy to the nature of man.  Hydr. 
That may sound be proved by this subsequent syllogism.  
Whatsoever suddenly overthroweth both the faculties of mind, and strength of body, that doth undoubtedly spread and disperse throughout the whole body, a venomous matter repugnant to nature.  
But the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, suddenly ouerthoweth both the faculties of mind, and strength of body.  
Therefore, the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, doth undoubtedly spread and disperse throughout the whole body, a venomous matter repugnant to nature.  Capn. 
Sir, I do absolutely deny your Argument.  Hydr. 
In so doing (Capnistus) thou declarest the self an absolute Ass. For this know thou assuredly, that a common axiom among Physicians convinceth the Proposition to be certainly true: namely, that nothing can suddenly confound and overthrow both faculties of mind, and strength of body, & so either leave none at all, or a depraved motion in both, but the same hath some infectious & venomous quality wherewith it possesseth the body. And thereupon it is, that all Physicians (with one consent) do jointly affirm that the falling sickness ariseth of a venomous air possessing the brain.  Capn. 
But how holds your Assumption currant and good: namely, that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, doth suddenly overthrow both faculties of mind, & strength of body?  Hydr. 
Surely Capnistus, the daily experience of such as usually drink that self same smoke, doth easily confirm the truth of this matter. For what one is he among our tippling Tobacconists, that doth not (alas) even presently perceive a certain whirling about of the brain, and find himself very fearfully possessed with a certain kind of giddiness immediately after the taking thereof? Or (if not so) that suffereth not at the least, a marvelous perturbation, and a dangerous disturbance of nature? Notwithstanding (besides this their proper experience) I will yet further maintain, and defend this point, by the approved authority and fortress of sundry late writers (as it were with a wall, or rampire) against the violent assaults of all sorts of gainsayers how gallant soever.  Capn. 
Go to then, muster forth now your surest men for the field: and make them march forewards in battle-aray.  Hydr. 
Content. Amongst whom I will make Dodonaeus and Metellus the first in that rank: who do reckon Tobacco among the sundry sorts of Henbane.  Capn. 
What infer you hereof?  Hydr. 
The firm, and infallible proof of that which I affirmed before: namely, that there is in the fume of Tobacco inwardly taken, some venomous matter, which so dainly overthroweth the faculties of mind, and strength of body. For whereas Dodonaeus and Metellus do so skilfully sort Tobacco among the sundry kinds of Henbane, it is apparently manifest (from out of Dioscorides his approved judgement) that all kind of Henbane is venomous, as an enemy disturbing nature, disordering reason, assailing the brain, which is the Metropolitan over the whole body, & the very tower of the heart; yea and procuring a certain madness withal for the present.  Capn. 
Dodonaeus, Metellus, and Dioscorides they only say so: as for the truth of their speech, that we must take at their hands upon trust: for they only say so, but show no one reason at all. Howbeit Sir, our Tobacconists (be you sure) they hold not those men of Pythagoras' authority: neither will they be brought to conclude on this sort; Dodonaeus, Metellus, and Dioscorides do jointly avouch, that all kind of Henbane is of a poisonsome and venomous nature, and therefore it is certainly so indeed.  Hydr. 
Why Capnistus, hast thou not a more reverend regard of that the accustomed and ancient axiom, which telleth plainly, That every 
g unicuique in sua arte perito, credendum est.  expert and skilful Artist must be believed in his proper profession? Notwithstanding (because thou makest no more account of those their authentical judgements) thou shalt hear further, what Gesnerus 
h Gesnerus, ad joh. Functium Epist. ultima.  avoucheth from his proper experience: who (having experimented the true operation of Tobacco in his own proper body) giveth a judicious censure concerning the nature thereof, in an Epistle to john Functius, that renowned, and learned Physician.  Capn. 
What is his censure thereof (Sir) I pray you?  Hydr. 
I will put down the same in his own proper words: without either adding, or taking therefrom. The leaf (saith he) which was sent out of France to Augusta, seemed most strange unto me, and a very plain novelty. Wherefore, I was very desirous to taste thereof: but presently I perceived a marvelous sharpness therein, and it did most strangely affect me. So as, me thought verily I was stark drunk; and (as it were) sailing down a River in some staggering ship: yea and trying the same again and again some three or four times, I eftsoons found the self-same effect. Wherefore, washing my mouth, and drinking up a spoonful of vinegar: I forthwith put away the giddiness of my head. Moreover, I gave a piece of the leaf (bruised and wrapped in flesh) unto a dog: which (presently after some few hours) did cause him to vomit abundantly. Verily (whatsoever it is) I suppose, it cannot possibly be without some secret venom. Thus much Gesnerus concerning the virtue and force of Tobacco in his proper experience.  Capn. 
This (I confess) is something to our present purpose in hand: but Sir, one Swallow (you know) maketh no summer.  Hydr. 
Well then, let us add to Gesnerus experience, that which Thevittus in his description of West India; as also that which Monardus, Clusius, and Weckerus do jointly remember thereof. Namely, that the Priests and other the common people of the Indians do use to suck up the fume of Tobacco through a pipe or conduit, either when (as being asked) they give answers concerning the success of business, or when they are desirous to see visions; and (as it were) to be rapt from themselves in a trance: or being to enter into the dangers of battle. Which said disturbance of mind and soul, by no means can be so suddenly wrought in man's body; without the force and efficacy of some venomous quality concurring therewith.  Capn. 
Not so Sir, for than should the force thereof be generally perceived in all men alike. Howbeit, this swimming of the head is not generally in all: and in them whom it so strangely possesseth, the same may seem rather to proceed of a certain thin humour suddenly turned into wind, and of a whirling about of that air so suddenly changed, then of any other supposed quality in the smoke itself, as being venomous, and a mortal enemy to the nature of man.  Hydr. 
This peradventure (in a simple swimming, and such as is eftsoons felt at some other time else) might seem to carry some show of truth: but in this sudden darkness and falling into trances upon the only taking of Tobacco, and at none other time else; and wherein all the senses, and the whole brain is so suddenly overwhelmed with an obscure and cloudy smoke, it cannot possibly have any place at all, but by the operation of some venomous matter concurring therewith. For such a swimming (for the most part) is the undoubted forerunner of the falling evil: and impresseth such a sensible weakness in the brain, as may not possibly be cured, nor ordinarily helped by any medicine at all.  Capn. 
Why Sir, not all that drink of this smoke do feéele such a smming?  Hydr. 
That is nothing at all to the purpose. For the pestilence and such other infectious venimes they do not forthwith destroy all whom they possess, nor infect every one indifferently: which notwithstanding, have in them naturally a power of killing and slaying. And therefore, whereas all men are not equally affected with the self-same swimming, that ought rather to be attributed to the benefit of nature, and sound constitution of the brain, then unto any defective poisonsome quality in the smoke itself, which is evermore venomous, and a mortal enemy to the nature of man.  Capn. 
But Sir, the use of Tobacco is very profitable for such as are affected with shortness of breath, and with stopping of the lungs by reason of gross humours overgrowing the same.  Hydr. 
What use of Tobacco is profitable for those diseases? The scorching smoke thereof drawn or sucked into the body by a Tobacco pipe? Nothing less, be thou sure. For so the lungs themselves being made hard and stiff (as in old age it commonly cometh to pass) by reason of the extreme force of the fume in drying, so as they cannot be fanned, nor lifted up any longer, the natural heat is choked up quite for want of breathing. And there is much difference betwixt the smoke of the earthy and stinking fume of a burnt herb, and the airy juice of the said herb drawn forth by infusion, by steeping, by boiling, or seething. Indeed, the broth of Tobacco, or a syrup made of the infusion thereof, doth somewhat help the stopping of the lungs, but not the smoke.  Capn. 
And yet for all this, the smoke of Tobacco disburdeneth the brain from this sink of humours: and purgeth the blood from filthy and unwholesome matter.  Hydr. 
Yea marry Sir, a very trim purgation (no doubt) that draweth so forth from the body and brain such a thin, subtle and waterish matter, as (it may be) nature herself had proportionably appointed to both for the better and more easy conveyance of the blood itself throughout the whole body: and (in stead thereof) placeth gross humours in the brain and all the rest of the members; and whereby a certain curdled matter is increased, and this same smoky stinking fume settled in the room thereof.  Capn. 
But Sir, the fume of Tobacco fréeth the spirits from those burdensome humours, as it were from fetters: and so maketh them more prompt and nimble by much.  Hydr. 
And doth it so indeed? When rather the spirits (whom nature hath ordained to be clear and bright, both for the discoursing of reason, as also for the ministery of the senses themselves) by this filthy fume-drinking are made obscure and dark, and the brain, and whole body infected with a smoky black colour? yea, and when in stead of that same dry clearness & light which Heraclitus, and (with him) all, both Philosophers and Physicians of any sound judgement do account the principal and purest soul, those fume-drinkers do substitute and thrust in their appointed place, most palpably obscured and darkened spirits? In which their so preposterous a purging of the brain itself, they do both confound the orderly works of nature, and even quite overthrow the infallible precepts and rules prescribed by Physicians: who are the appointed ministers of nature herself for the orderly preservation of the body in health. Who all jointly with one uniform assent do affirm; that a cloudy and obscure air, or such as proceedeth from hollow and fenny places, is very unwholesome for the bodies of men. Which their canonical judgement those our fume-devourers do never observe, until (with an extreme hazard of life) they do find (by their miserable and woeful experience) how pernicious a thing it is. Neither, without an exceeding great cause were chimneys (by our Ancestors formerly invented, that thereby, the smoke (drawn by a vehement heat of the fire from matter apt to burning) might be dispersed abroad in the air, for fear of hurting the bodies of men.  Capn. 
Why Sir? there are many sorts of fumes invented and taught by the Physicians themselves, as well for the strengthening of diverse parts, as also for the curing of hard diseases.  Hydr. 
There are so (I confess,) but what dost thou conclude from the same? That therefore the smoke of Tobacco sucked up by a pipe or conduit, is exceeding wholesome for the bodies of men? Alas silly souls, who may not plainly perceive a flat fallation in this their consequence? For almost all sorts of fumes are used by expert Physicians, to recreate and comfort the spirits by their odoriferous smells, rather than to draw any thing out of the body by such scorching fumes as do heat and dry. Yea and that sweet kind of refreshing the spirits was instituted first by nature herself, who telleth us directly and truly that 
i Pro. 29.9.  sweet ointments and perfumes rejoice the heart. And as this was dame natures own institution, so was the primary practice thereof set first afloat by learned Hypocrates, the prime interpreter of nature's purpose therein. Whereas these filthy scorching Tobacco smokes, do nothing else but daunt and dry up the spirits: a thing flat opposite to nature's institution, and the witless invention of vicious and wild dispositions.  Capn. 
Not so Sir, for some stinking fumes are also applied by Physicians themselves in the suffocation of the matrixe, or rising of the mother: and this also with laudable and happy success.  Hydr. 
Very true as thou sayest. Howbeit, those stinking fumes they are not so applied by expert Physicians with any purpose or mind to cure the disease, but for this end rather: Namely, that nature herself, and the natural heat so suddenly surprised by reason of those stinking fumes which they naturally abhor, might be the sooner provoked to gather their natural strength and vigour afresh, and thereby disperse and expel that venomous air wherewith the matrixe itself being stuffed, did so dainly arise and ascend upward.  Capn. 
But over and beside the suffocation of the matrixe (namely, in the consumption of the lungs, as also in the French poor) certain fumes of Cynoper, red Arsenic, quicksilver, Orpiment, and other venomous things are admitted and used of sundry late writers in Physic, as Fallopius and others.  Hydr. 
They are so I confess. Howbeit, warily, sparingly, and in very small quantity: yea and this also not without a considerate, and proportionable mixture of some other things else to correct and allay the force of their venomous qualities. And that moreover the operation thereof in drying only (which agreeth with nature) might be communicated to the body itself: and yet (notwithstanding all this) the learned (for their parts) have evermore had a very vehement suspicion of this kind of curing. And (in the consumption of the lungs especially) I see that Galene mislikes those fumes: and approveth rather of a sweet bath, or hothouse. And certainly, Fallopius himself doth not altogether approve of those fumes. And for learned Fernellius, he utterly misliketh of them: in so much as (in the cure of the French-poxe) he will not admit any ointment compounded of quicksilver. And verily, if Galene durst not so much as taste of the herb Lycoporsium, because only it but smelled somewhat strong: shall those our smoke-devourers thus dare, not only to taste, but also to entertain into the secret and most inward parts of their bodies, yea even into the very treasury of nature itself, such an infectious, venomous, and most deadly consuming poison?  Capn. 
But be it Sir, there were (as you say) in this Tobacco smoke some certain contagious venom: our artificial Tobacconists they can very skilfully correct, and allay that self-same venomous quality with the powder of a Nutmeg, and two or three drops of the Chemical oil of Anise, compounded and blended with the powder of Tobacco itself, or ever the same be inwardly taken.  Hydr. 
Our artificial Tobacconists sayest thou? Nay rather, our Seraphical smoky Asies. Who (by this their skilful unskilful mingle-mangle) do show themselves such soddenheadded sots as blend Sugar-candy with ratsbane. Of very purpose forsooth, that (howsoever the ratsbane itself be mortally dangerous) it might by the sweet taste, be made to pass more pleasantly down, and thereby also more unperceiveably convey the venomous poison itself into the inward parts, and so more powerfully surprise the vital spirits. And (yet for all this) these fantastical fellows, they must (by thy calculation) be accounted forsooth our artificial Tobacconists. Well then, be it so for this once; and now do tell me withal, whether thou thyself by the very purport of thine own proper speech, dost not covertly confess the inward taking of Tobacco smoke to be very pernicious unto the body, except the same be considerately and skilfully corrected before. But what a strange and monstrous kind of correction is this that thou speakest of? What man? When the very smoke of Tobacco itself is a mortal enemy to the nature of the body, may the gross muddy smoke of those oily matters commixed with that former poisonsome fume, be possibly made either good or wholesome? What is this else, but to add fire unto fire? and (in stead of suppressing) to set that scorching flame yet further afloat? That so (with an over hasty and untimely death) they may the more speedily consume and scorch up their vital spirits and radical humours.  Capn. 
Well Sir. And yet for all that, if this smoke of Tobacco were taken but once in a week, peradventure it might do much good in resolving the excremental humours only; as also in expelling them out of the body, and yet not consume the natural moisture thereof.  Hydr. 
Dost thou place the preservation of men's health upon blind peradventures? Surely, a wise man should be without all peradventure, before he adventure to take any thing inwardly into his body: or else he may peradventure but play the part of a fool. And yet this I confess withal, that the taking of Tobacco but once in a week would do the less hurt, though it would (notwithstanding) do very much hurt, by working such an imbecility and weakness in the brain itself, as would make it much more apt to entertain sundry other excremental humours afresh: and by procuring the said brain withal (by reason of the excessive heat and dryness thereof) to draw and suck up from the lower parts, some such excremental humours as were not to be expelled that way. And verily, if our common proverb be true in any one thing, it is infallible, and most certain in this so seldom a sucking up of Tobacco smoke: namely, That a little can do no harm at all, if the same be not taken.  Capn. 
But Sir? what spéedier course may possibly be invented for purging those excremental humours out of the body, then by drinking this smoke?  Hydr. 
What Capnistus? And must we (in very deed) be enforced to borrow from the furthermost parts of India this stinking, infectious and venomous smoke, to expel that mass or sink of humours from out of the body: when we have here at home that self-same method of curing (whether by pills, by medicines to be chewed in the mouth, or put into the nose, or by sweeting) which was formerly derived from the ancient, & most famous Physical fountains of the world? Or (if that do not like thee so well) thou mayst then (by the mere benefit of nature itself) very easily dispatch thyself from all such corruptions, if thou diligently and religiously observe that golden mean which Hypocrates persuades, and prescribes in thy labour, thy meat, thy drink, thy sleep, and thy lust. For as in domestical and household affairs, parsimony or sparing is worth a great stipend: so surely, from the very manner of thy conversation and carriage, thou mayest receive a very rich benefit, as well for retaining thy strength, as for preserving thy health. And herein I will give to thyself, and all our Tobacconists this only precept: which if thou and they do conscionably and carefully observe as you ought, you may easily and a long time preserve your bodily healths healths in good estate. The precept for that purpose is this: Do not lift up your hands so oft to your mouths: for, an insatiable swilling down of wine, ale, and beer, as also this inordinate sucking up of filthy Tobacco smoke, do even band and bend themselves jointly together, to breed, hatch, and nourish this filthy foul channel or sink of corruptions.  
Saint Bernard is reported to have sharply accused himself, for that (whiles he went about with overmuch abstinence) to keep his body under, by corrupting the vigour and temperature of that his said body, he did (after a sort) defraud the functions of his mind, of their appointed organ or instrument. For understanding at length, that he ought not to live privately to himself alone, but also to the public benefit of others, by instructing, exhorting, and comforting them: and perceiving withal that those public duties of piety required the ministry of the body itself, he found by experience at length, that a man ought so far forth to make much of his body, or otherwise to keep the same under: as (in the mean time) the powers and operations of the mind be neither choked with pleasures, nor dulled by too much austerity. Now then, if so grievous a prick of conscience did even sting that holy man Bernard, because he but made his body too too lean and withered with godly exercises, what punishment (thinkest thou) are those men to expect and look hourly for from the hands of our God, who (by unseasonable swilling and riotous fumes) do most prodigally consume and so riotously weaken and waste the very treasury of nature itself? I for my own part will put down no censure upon them: but (with all my heart) I will beseech the Almighty to give them far better minds. Lo, this is the very worst I wish unto them, and this is the best I can do for them.  Capn. 
As your prayer is most charitable: even so are your earnest persuasions with me so available, as I am utterly unable any further to gainsay your speeches herein.  Hydr. 

k Esdr. 4.41. A recapitulation of the whole.  Great is the truth I perceive, and will ever prevail. Well then, seeing therefore the smoke of Tobacco consumeth the natural heat; sith it drieth up that radical moisture which is the very fountain of that self-same heat; sith by corrupting the due proportion of the Elements, it dissolveth the primary composition of the whole body itself; sith by the sharpness thereof (which partly it hath by nature, & partly doth draw from the burning) it even gnaweth and fretteth the members of the body; seeing it causeth the clear, sweet and wholesome spirits of the body to become obscure, stinking, and unwholesome; seeing it disperseth throughout the whole body a venomous air, and repugnant to nature, assailing the head, heart, and life; finally, for so much as it bringeth all these incommodities to man's natural life, without any one hope of profit at all to the same: let nature herself, and the judgement of sound reason both say and affirm for me, that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, is very pernicious unto the body.  Capn. 
Alas poor Tobacco, my pretty Tobacco; thou that hast been hitherto accounted the Ale-knights arms, the Beer brewer's badge, the Carousers crest, the Drunkard's darling, the Draffe-sackes delight, the Easterlings ensign, the Fantasticals foretresse, the Gormandizers glory, the hungry Hostess' alepole, the Madbraines merriment, the New-fangles novelty, the Poop noddies paramour, the Ruffians reflection, the Swill bols swine-troffe, the Linkers trull, the Tosspots protection, the Vintner's vintage, and the unthrifts passport: thou must now (I fear me) be enforced forthwith to take thy farewell towards the uttermost parts of India, from whence thou wert first transported to England by vicious and wild dispositions, and there must make thy final abode: having now (I plainly perceive) the very head of man, the brains, the radical humours, the vital spirits, the wit, the memory, the senses, all the natural faculties, the whole body and soul, yea nature herself, and the sway of sound reason so strongly combined in one, to prove thy inward taken smoke, a very pernicious matter for the bodies of men.  Hydr. 
It is even certainly so as thou sayest. And therefore I pray thee persuade her Capnistus, with all her fiery fumes, and fumish favourets, to be forthwith packing together apace, for fear of losing their tide: and so to be left in the lurch.  Capn. 
I will (from henceforth) be ready to do mine uttermost endeavour therein. Howbeit good Sir, you do confidently avouch even in the very forefront of your Tractate itself, that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, is not only very pernicious to the bodies of men, but too too profluvious for many Tobacconists purses; and most pestiferous likewise to the public state.  Hydr. 
I did so confess: and what thereof?  Capn. 
I desire in like manner to hear those points confirmed at large.  Hydr. 
With all my heart, if thy leisure will give thee leave to attend thereupon: In the mean time, let us walk forth a while to take the fresh air, and then return again to our purpose intended.  Capn. 
With all my heart.  
The end of the first part.  Nulla valet tantum virtus patientia quantum. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  

THE FUME OF TOBACCO TAKEN INWARD, IS too too proflwious for many of our Tobacconists purses, and most pernicious to the public State.  Capnistus. 
SIR, having hitherto proved the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, to be very pernicious unto the body: you remember (I am sure) that you also affirmed the same too too proflwious for many of our Tobacconists purses, as also most pestiferous to the public State.  Hydrophorus. 
I did so indeed: and what then?  Capn. 
Do you ask me, what then? why Sir, this is the reason of this my demand. Having hitherto sufficiently showed the pernicious effects of Tobacco fumes, respecting especially the bodies of men: I pray you, prove now (in like manner) the proflwitie thereof concerning their purses, and our public State. For so shall you be sure to let all our Tobacconists blood even in the basilica vein itself: and to draw forth presently the very feces or dregs of any their preposterous affections towards those infectious filthy fumes.  Hydr. 
In very deed, it is true as thou sayest. The purse-plague is much more respected now, with some sorts of people, then is either the plague of body or soul: they are so desperately drenched in their dangerous delights. And therefore (to effect this our pretended purpose the better) we will herein observe this following order. There shall first be propounded the purses proflwitie itself: and then secondly, there shall be resounded the consequent effects succeeding the same.  Capn. 
A most excellent order, proceed (Sir) unto it with speed, I beseech you.  Hydr. 
With very good will. Wherein first shall be showed what this the purses proflwitie is: and then next, how such an insatiable sucking in of filthy Tobacco fumes, becometh too too proflwious for the purse itself, and our present State.  Capn. 
What mean you first, by the purses proflwity?  Hydr. 
By the purses proflwitie, I do not mean any frugal or commodious disbursing, but a prodigal or proflwious dispending of those worldly preferments and blessings which the Lord God (in his abundant mercies) bestoweth on men for their necessary uses, not needless abuses: to the preposterous impoverishing of them and theirs, the dangerous infecting of others about them, and the pestiferous undermining of the public State.  Capn. 
Sir, I do now understand to the full, what you simply mean here, by the purses proflwity: and therefore, show me next (I beseech you) how this our insatiable swilling in of filthy Tobacco fumes, becometh too too proflwious for our Tobacconists purses, and most pestiferous to the public State.  Hydr. 
Content. Wherein thou hast first to observe, that Tobacco itself hath been evermore held at an exceeding high price; that those our tippling Tobacconists cannot ordinarily compass the same without an excessive reckoning; that such an excessive reckoning cannot possibly be performed without very chargeable cost; that such chargeable cost cannot be freed from superfluous and riotous wasting; that such superfluous wasting procureth a prodigal dispending of men's patrimonies with other worldly preferments; that such a prodigal dispending of patrimonies with other worldly preferments, is over proflwious for our Tobacconists purses: and that this their purses proflwitie is most pestiferous to the public State.  Capn. 
This gradation (I must needs confess) doth give to the Eagle-eied, and sharped-sighted sort, some glimmering show concerning your purpose propounded: howbeit, that 
l 2 Pet. 1.19.  the day-dawne and the day star thereof may more clearly break forth to the simplest man's view, I pray you discourse of these more at large.  Hydr. 
I am not unwilling therewith. First therefore for the exceeding high rate that this Tobacco hath ever been at since the very first arrival thereof into England, thou thyself, and all our Tobacconists, are able to say this of your own proper knowledge: namely, that the same hath usually been sold by the pound, for twenty nobles, five, four, or three pounds: yea and when it came to the lowest price, it could not be had under four marks or forty shillings, which amounteth to three shillings four pence an ounce at the least. Is not this (thinkest thou) an exceeding high rate for filthy Tobacco? And is not twenty nobles, five, four, or three pounds, yea forty shillings, an excessive great price for a pernicious poisonsome smoke? And may such an excessive great price be performed without a chargeable cost? And can such chargeable cost be possibly freed from a superfluous or riotous waste? And will not such a riotous waste procure (in the end) a prodigal dispending of patrimonies with other like worldly preferments? And will not such prodigal dispending of patrimonies, become too too proflwious for our Tobacconists purses? And will not such a proflwitie of purses, in the end prove very pestiferous to the public State? Speak man and spare not, what sayest thou to this demonstration? Do not every of these (like the inseparable links of a deadly devouring chain) very dangerously draw a public calamity upon our country and kingdom?  Capn. 
Indeed Sir, I cannot but acknowledge the exceeding rate, the excessive reckoning, as also the chargeable cost bestowed upon Tobacco itself: but I see not as yet, how these our professed Tobacconists will account that thing a superfluous or riotous cost, which (as they verily suppose themselves) doth work their so exceeding much good.  Hydr. 
It hath been apparently proved, and thyself hath freely confessed in our former discourse, that the smoke of Tobacco is very pernicious unto the body: and which way then doth it work them so exceeding much good? I am certain it worketh a wonderful strange consumption in every of their purses at least. If therefore some oddly conceited companion (whose brains are filthily besotted with filthy Tobacco fumes) should over idly imagine, that that thing which unnecessarily costeth both living and life, were no superfluous or riotous waste: must that his idle supposal be forthwith privileged for a currant conceit among such as are sound wise? God forbid that any such peevish persuasion should ever possess the prudenter sort. For so should we 
m Eccles. 107  Set servants on horseback, and make Princes to plod by their sides as Pages: yea so should the crew of some idly conceited companions, become the canonised counsellors to those that have far finer wits than themselves. Concerning therefore that former superfluous and riotous waste, which those Tobacconists do so wilfully make about their beastly Tobacco fumes, do tell me in good sadness, whether it be not a superfluous waste, for any man of great place, to paddle forth yearly one hundred pounds at the least, for an hundred gallons of filthy fumes? for a Gentleman of meaner condition, to be at forty pound annual expenses, about bare forty pottels of stinking flames? for a Yeoman, an Husbandman, an Artificer, a Tradesman, a Tinker, a Shoemaker, or a Cobbler, to bestow weekly some three shillings fourepences at the least, for but one only ounce of fantastical fooleries? What sayest thou Capnistus? Is not this a very superfluous and riotous waste? Do answer directly, either yea or no to the same.  Capn. 
In very deed Sir, I must needs acknowledge it a superfluous and riotous waste: yea and no better in effect then the fantastical purchasing of vanity itself.  Hydr. 
Go to then. Can such a superfluous and riotous waste be possibly performed without a prodigal dispending of those our Tobacconists their patrimonies and worldly preferments? or without a frivolous pursing up of their annual revenues and rents 
n Hag. 1.6.  in a bottomless bag? Who seeth not then, but that their filthy Tobacco fumes (being ordinarily at such an exceeding high rate, at such an excessive reckoning, at such a chargeable cost, at such a superfluous-waste, and at such a prodigal dispending of patrimonies, with other like worldly preferments) must needs become too too proflwious for any our Tobacconists purses, and very pestiferous to the public State?  Capn. 
It is even certainly so. And therefore Sir, (having hitherto succinctly showed the undoubted proflwitie of the purse itself) I pray you now likewise proceed to the orderly setting down of those fearful effects which successively follow thereof.  Hydr. 
With a very good will. Wherein we have to observe, that those self same effects, they are such as more especially concern the Tobacconists themselves: or some other beside.  Capn. 
Very well. But what are those effects first which more properly concern themselves.  Hydr. 
They are all those accidental occurrents which (proceeding collaterally from those their Tobacco fumes) do more especially respect the parties themselves, without any proper relation, or peculiar reference to any other man else besides themselves: being such withal as more especially concern either their own person, or their proper estate.  Capn. 
What are those effects first, which more especially concern their own person?  Hydr. 
They are those dangerous diseases, and those desperate deaths, which (by reason of such an insatiable sucking in of filthy Tobacco fumes) do even ordinarily attend (like pursuivants) upon their very bodies and souls. Namely, a fearful consuming of the natural heat; an unquenchable scorching and drying up of the radical moisture; an utter exhausting and sucking out of the corporal humours; a most poisonsome corrupting of the due proportion of Elements appointed by nature; a continual fretting and gnawing of all the bodily members; a pernicious dissolving of the primary composition of the whole body itself; a preposterous procuring of the clear, sweet, and wholesome spirits, to become obscure, stinking and unwholesome; a most dangerous dispersing of a venomous air through out all parts of the body; a violent assailing of the head, the brain, the heart, the whole body and life itself; yea and eftsoons a most so deign and desperate death, as we have more largely declared before. Lo Capnistus, even these, and sundry such other occurrents, they are those proper effects which do undoubtedly attend upon the poor Tobacconists body, and as ordinarily follow his insatiable swilling in of filthy Tobacco fumes, as the shadow follows the body. And as his said body is therewith very dangerously infected, so surely that his honest reputation (which should be unto him 
o Pro. 22.1. Eccles. 7.2.  as a precious ointment) is thereby most shamefully blemished. Being pointed at by all sorts of people when he walketh abroad in the open streets, and too too reproachfully termed a tippling Tobacconist, a swaggering swill smoke, a sodden headed Ass, a fantastical fool, a proper tale stripling to play at Poope-noddie, a man of a wonderful wit (forsooth) concerning those our newly devised chemical extractions: being sufficiently able (in very short time) to turn a shilling to ninepences, one that hath a marvelous dexterity in augmenting his patrimony by a plain retrogradation, beginning directly where his ancestors ended, and never giving over before he come where they first began: to knit up all in a word, he is (say they) Thericleíouphil●s: 
p 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  that is (in plain English) a friend and follower of cup companions. What one ingenious nature may possibly but hear these disdainful reproaches, and his very ears not burn on his head? Or who is the wight which (being thus odiously branded in every place) would not grow grossly ashamed of that shameful condition which thus makes him the shame of the world? Surely, the timely consideration of these fearful effects concerning especially their own proper persons, would even presently take up our Tobacconists minds with far better employments: were they not too too beastly bewitched with those venomous vapours which flow from their filthy fumes. For lo, these are the fair fragrant flowers of their chargeable flames, the undoubted success of those their sottish attempts, and the flourishing fruits of those their fantastical fooleries. The very feeling of these and such other most fearful effects should cause them continually to cry out and say thus, 
q Nocet emp●adolore, voluptas.  Oh how pestiferous is that transitory pleasure which we have dearly purchased with such perpetual pain & shame? For lo now we do find and feel (in our proper experience) that these our filthy Tobacco fumes, are not only pernicious unto our bodies, but too too proflwious also for our purses, in procuring such fearful effects to our own proper persons.  Capn. 
They should so, I confess. And I doubt not but (by that time they have been better schooled a while with the mistress of fools) they will learn that lesson by rote. But what are those other effects (I beseech you) which do likewise concern their proper estates?  Hydr. 
They are those accidental occurrents which do ordinarily attend upon such chargeable cost, such superfluous waste, such a prodigal and proflwious dispending of ancient patrimonies with other like worldly preferments. For what other things else may possibly follow thereof (besides a pernicious hurt to the body, and untimely undermining of men's honest reputations) but an unrecoverable subversion of that their ancient estate which they formerly received from their forefather's frugality? a perpetual supplanting of that their primary approved condition? and a monstrous metamorphosing of their former well managed Manors, with other their domestical maintenance? So as (by these means) they make great noble Persons, but single-soaled Gentlemen; well bred Gentlemen, but bare thredded Yeomen; bountiful Yeomen, but beggarly Husbandmen; hospitious Husbandmen, but shifting Tradesmen, artificious Tradesmen; but coney-catching companions; coney-catching companions, but vagabond rogues. Thus thou mayest plainly perceive how these their intoxicating Tobacco fumes are able (in an unperceiveable and Circean manner) to transform nobility into gentry, gentry into yeomanry, yeomanry into husbandry, husbandry into maunuarie, manuary into manubiarie, manubiarie into a vagrant and reckless roguery, and what not beside?  Capn. 
Do you then determine, that these their Tobacco fumes are the unchangeable cause of such a changed condition?  Hydr. 
I do not make those their said fumes the efficient cause, although yet an unchangeable occasion of such a change. For seeing 
r Gen. 6.5. jam. 4.5.  the spirit which dwelleth in them, doth lust after evil continually: who seeth not then, but that this filthy Tobacco fume (so forcibly bewitching their brains) is the undoubted occasion of inflaming their said luft to such a proflwious waste for the timely purchase of that which makes them eftsoons to 
s Deut. 23.15.  wax wanton with the good blessings of God? And even as Israel 
t Psal. 78.18. and 106.14. 1 Cor. 10.6.  affected flesh for their lust: so these our fantastical spirits (requiring Tobacco fumes for their filthy desire) do most prodigally dispend their patrimonies about the untimely procuring of those vanishing flames which they so wastefully 
u jam. 4.3.  consume upon their inordinate lusts. Howbeit, this one thing withal I pray thee observe: namely, that as the Lord God indirectly 
x Psal. 78.29.  gives them this way their hearts desire: so surely while the Tobacco fume is yet in their mouths, 
y Psal. 78.30.  his inevitable wrath falls fearfully upon them. For not only he delivers them up (in justice) 
z Rom. 1.24.  to their own hearts lust: but leaves them withal so sottish in judgement, as themselves know not which way to manage their present possessions; making them insatiably mad in dispending their patrimonies about such smoky delights, and in wasting their worldly preferments upon those their preposterous lusts. And thus at length they begin to perceive in their proper experience, that as the water which drives the mill, decay the mill: so surely with whatsoever vain man 
a Wisd. 11. ●3.  insatiably sinneth, with the same eftsoons he is fondly punished.  Capn. 
Why Sir? may not wise men maintain their Tobacco fumes, as well as their meat, drink, & clothing, without either offending God, or the pitiful subversion of their present estates?  Hydr. 
Dost thou accomt those for wise men, which so wanton and foolishly waste their worldly maintenance upon those their forenamed fooleries? But that thou may be able to understand these matters the better: thou must learn here to distinguish between the necessary, and the needless supplies of nature. For all those things which do necessarily tend to an orderly preservation of natures well being, according to the provident purpose of God himself, namely, meat, drink, and clothing: they may, and they must be maintained by a moderate and frugal expense, correspondent to each man his present ability. Yea and all the necessary expenses bestowed that way, they do undoubtedly receive such a blessed increase from the goodness of God, as a man shall be sure, therein 
b Psal. 128.2.  to eat the labour of his own proper hands, and it shall go well with him every kind of way. Howbeit, all those things whatsoever which are but needless supplies to natures well being, not only needless (I say) but noisome withal (such as are our immoderate gormandizing, our superfluous quaffing up of wine and strong drinks, our insatiable sucking in of filthy Tobacco fumes, with sundry such other fantastical fooleries) as they are not the ordinary appointed labours of those men's hands which 
c Psal. 128.1.  walk uprightly in the ways of the Lord, so hath the Lord himself not only allotted no one blessing unto them, but rather imposed a 
d Mat. 3.9.  fearful curse of penury upon them. For as it is the 
e Pro. 10.22.  blessing of the Almighty that maketh men rich, so surely all those senseless fools which so insatiably devour their own proper substance, they shall be enforced eftsoons 
f job. 20.15.  to vomit it up again, for the Lord God will draw it out of their bellies, be they never so great, or so mighty. Yea and not only the great ones shall be sure to feel this fearful effect concerning their own present estates, but even the 
g Ecclus. 19.1.  labouring men likewise that are so resolutely given to these their drunken delights, they shall never be rich: and all they that make not much of a little, by little and little shall soon come to nothing; so uncertain are the estates (be thou sure) of all those our insatiable suckers up of filthy Tobacco fumes.  Capn. 
But why should the expenses bestowed upon meat, drink and clothing receive such a blessing from God, and the excessive cost laid forth for filthy Tobacco fumes, undergo so fearful a curse?  Hydr. 
The reason is this. Meat, drink, and clothing, they are necessary supplies for natures well being, and the ordinary props appointed of God for the timely support, and needful preservation of this present life: so as a moderate expense bestowed that way, it is the Almighty his merciful designment to such as 
h Psal. 128.1.2  uprightly walk in his ways. Whereas that superfluous waste which these men do riotously lavish forth upon their filthy Tobacco fumes, it is not the approved ordinary way which the Almighty appointeth for man's preservation, but rather such an inordinate desire of man's lusting heart as procureth his present destruction. To the one sort therefore the Lord hath promised a 
i Deut. 28.3.4.5.  blessing upon their basket and store: and telleth them withal, that they shall undoubtedly 
k Psal. 128.1.2.  eat the labour of their own proper hands, which do so industriously and so painfully walk in his ways. To the other, he not only denounceth a curse upon 
l Deut. 28.16.17.18. Malac. 3.9.  their fields their basket, their store, the fruit of their land, the increase of their kine, and the flocks of their sheep, but also upon their revenues and rents how exceeding soever; telling them withal, that they do but even 
m Pro. 23.21. Hag. 1.5.6.  purse up the same in a bottomless bag. So as the very curse of the Lord (thou seest) is in 
n Pro. 3.33. 1 King 17.14.16.  the house of the wicked: but he blesseth the habitation of the righteous. I will make thee perceive my purpose herein, by some plain demonstration: and (for better performance hereof) let us put this down here for the present proportion. Be it supposed that some great man received yearly but five hundred pounds annual rents to defray his domestical charges withal; which said five hundred pounds (being handsomely husbanded, and frugally employed) would accomplish that work in a very commendable and competent manner: but being any way superfluously or wastefully spent upon excess of apparel, meats, drinks, and other such riotous courses, would come very short in the reckoning. Suppose now withal, that this man forsooth (to fulfil the inordinate lust of his own licentious heart) would yearly dispend one hundred pound at the least, upon the vanishing flames of filthy Tobacco fumes, not abating at all his said excess in apparel, in meats, and in drinks: doth it not necessarily follow, that either this man's five hundred pounds rend must otherways receive some extraordinary supply for the continual support of such a superfluous waste, or that else his present estate (in continuance of time) will be tumbled upside down? What sayest thou Capnistus? do answer directly either yea, or no.  Capn. 
The one, or the other (I freely confess) must necessarily follow thereof: namely, either some present supply, or a present supplanting of that man's present estate at the least.  Hydr. 
Thou judgest aright. But tell me now where must such a present supply be had? There is no hope to obtain the same from the blessing of God, because such a riotous course is directly opposite to his holy appointed ordinance: but rather the contrary. For as those men do prodigally even blow away their wealth about filthy superfluous fumes, so surely the Almighty himself (even in his fuming vengeance) doth proportionably blow forth a fearful curse upon all their labours: willing them to 
o Hag. 1.5.  consider their own ways in theit hearts, and telling them withal that 
p Deut. 28.38. Mich. 6.15. Hag. 1.6.9.  although they sow much they shall bring little home, and though they do eat, they shall not be satisfied: and although they do drink, they shall not be filled; ●hough they cloth themselves, they shall not be cherished; yea although they addle much wages, or receive large revenues, yet shall they but purse up the same in a bottomless bag: because I have blown upon it, saith the Lord God. Yea, the just revenger of such fantastical courses, will appoint 
q joel. 1.4.  the Palmer worm to spoil the rest of their store; and that which is left by the Palmer worm, shall the Grasshopper eat, and the residue of the Grasshopper shall the canker-worm eat; and the remainder of the canker-worm, shall the Caterpillar consume and devour. By all which thou mayest very plainly perceive, that rather a final consumption, than any formal supply, it is to be fearfully expected from the hands of the Lord.  Capn. 
Very true it is. And therefore, I see now they must either surcease from that their former superfluous waste: or use some other device of their own, to supply their wants.  Hydr. 
Thou sayest very well. But what one device of their own will be able to countervail the determined vengeance of God against those their superfluous vanities? No no, it is utterly in vain for those vaine-headded men, whose 
r job. 27.3. Psal. 146.4. Isa. 2.22.  breath is in their nostrils, to encounter herein with that 
s Psal. 94.1.  God of vengeance whom they have 
t Deut. 32.21.  moved with jealousy, and provoked to anger by those their superfluous vanities: and who moreover (besides that inevitable curse upon their worldly preferments) will yet further smite their own persons with such 
u Deut. 28.28.  amazedness, such blindness, and astonishment of mind, as they shall be quite destitute even of natural discretion and judgement which way to manage well their proper estates: but shall ignorantly 
x Deut. 28.29.  grope about the same at middle-time of the day, as blind men grope in the darkness, and shall not be able to prosper in any their ways. And from hence (I assure you) it is that thou beholdest hourly among them, such sudden alienating of ancient inheritances; such a beastly bangling out of their birthrights; such careless curtolling of ancient entails; such injurious transporting of former titles; such an horrible chopping and changing of long continued Lordships; such a monstrous metamorphosing of their ancestors Manors; such a graceless acknowledging of fines and recoveries, and such a preposterous posting over of patrimonies with other like worldly preferments. And howsoever these our Ammorites sins 
y Gen. 15.16.  are not as yet mounted up to their excessive height, but that the men themselves do still continue a time in some part of their ancient possessions: yet be thou assured of this, that (so soon as the just measure of those their monstrous enormities are heaped up once to the full) then even those their reserved possessions will likewise vomit them forth; so as open bills of sale shall be set over their doors, to purport to all passengers the sale of such houses. Yea and this also, to the great admiration of those our Diogenists, who will be ready to put down this their cynical censure upon it, and say, 
z Diogenes.  Oh house, house; I thought thou wouldst surfeit so long upon those thy Tobacco fumes, that at the length thou wouldst spew thy master quite out adoors. For now we do plainly perceive, that the Lord 
a 1 Sam. 25.22 1 King. 21.21.  hath not left in thee, one man of thine own blood, to make water against the wall. Lo, here the fearful effects concerning these our fume-suckers present estate in the world.  Capn. 
Very fearful effects I assure you. But Sir, having succinctly showed me those horrible effects which more especially concern the Tobacconists themselves, in an only respect either of their person, or their proper conditions: now show me in like manner (I pray you) those other effects which more respectively concern some others besides themselves.  Hydr. 
With very good will. Wherein also thou hast to consider, that those self same effects they are of two sorts: Namely, such as more properly concern their own wives and children: or such else, as do more generally concern some others besides.  Capn. 
What are those effects first, which more properly concern their own wives and children?  Hydr. 
They are all those accidental occurrents which do very fearfully affect their sorrowful hearts. Namely, the riotous dispending of that their allotted maintenance; the alienating of their designed inheritance, and their utter impoverishing without all hope of redemption. From the woeful consideration of which occurrents, they are severally enforced to put up their pitiful complaints for the ease of their endless griefs.  Capn. 
What complaints (I pray you) are those?  Hydr. 
Surely, even such as are able to batter our Tobacconists hearts in an hundred pieces, were they not an hundred times harder than the Adamant stone. For imagine thou beheldest here such a fume-suckers wife most fearfully fuming forth very fountains of blood, howling for anguish of heart, weeping, wailing, and wring her hands together, with grisly looks, with wide staring eyes, with mind amazed, with thoughts perplexed, with body shivering and quaking in every joint: wouldst thou not wonder greatly at this her so sudden a change? I am sure thou couldst not but wonder much. But suppose withal thou shouldest presently hear the thundering echo of her horrible outcries ring in the clouds, while she pitifully pleads with her husband thus:  

The same or the like complaint may also be taken up against adulterous husbands.  Oh husband, my husband, mine only husband! Consider I beseech thee, thy dear, thy loving, and thy kindhearted wife. Am not (I alas) thine only wife; thy best beloved wife; yea and 
b Mal. 2.14.15.  the only wife of thy youth? Out, out (alas) why art thou then so careless of this my present estate? Why dost thou so vainly prefer a vanishing filthy fume before my permanent virtues; before my amorous embracings; yea before my firm settled faith & constant love? Alas (my sweet husband) have I not been the Almighty his sanctified means to 
c Gen. 30.3.  build thee up with an 
d Mal. 2.15.  holy, a blessed, and a sanctified seed? Have not I here brought forth 
e Gen. 30.11.  an army of children unto thee? Have I not enabled thee (husband) to 
f Psal. 127.5.  speak with thy stoutest enemies in the open gates? yea have I not made thee (alas) an happy man, by 
g Psal. 127.5.  filling thy quiver full of fair, of faithful, and gracious young imps? What might any one woman in the universal world have done more for thee (my dear husband) than thy dear wife hath done? Oh, out (alas) why art thou then become now so graceless a father towards this thine own offspring; and so grievous an husband to me their poor mother, in preferring a fantastical smoke before these so substantial blessings? Oh husband, husband, oh hard hearted husband! nay rather, a 
h Exod. 4.25.  bloody husband thou art unto me. For that thou (neglecting 
i 1 Tim. 5.8.  thy proper calling & care concerning an husband) hast causelessly brought 
k Luke. 10.41.  abundance of cares upon me thy silly poor careful wife: A care how to live myself, a care how to uphold our present estate, a care for these my poor comfortless brats, a care for their present provision and food; hil-backe, and fil-bellie is now mine hourly care, yea and a care for some corner (God knows) wherein we may hide our beggarly heads. For thou (alas husband) having hitherto vainly wasted their proper revenues upon a vanishing filthy fume, I my poor self must be fain (now) to forego my feoffment also, I must (perforce) be enforced to yield to the present sale thereof, to acknowledge before some judge my unwilling willing consent thereunto, full sore (God he knows) against my own will. Howbeit, necessity (they say) hath no law: I must now do it (alas) or let thee lie fast by the heels. I must do it (God wot,) otherwise my poor self and my sorrowful children must starve in the open streets. Tell me Capnistus, if thou shouldest but hear a poor sorrowful wife thus pitifully complain upon her pitiless fume-sucking husband, wouldst thou not forthwith imagine that her poor fainting heart had too effectually felt the fearful effects of that his former fantastical fooleries?  Capn. 
Yes in very deed would I Sir, and (I suppose) not without a very urgent occasion: but what are the poor children's complaints, I pray you?  Hydr. 
They are those sighing sobs, and those sorrowful outcries which even present necessity, and the fearful foresights of their future wants doth hourly urge them unto. For the better explanation whereof, imagine thou shouldest hear likewise behold before thy face, a young tender brat, or little pretty nest-cukkle (beginning to bite in the lip, to whimper a little) and then (creeping prettily betweete the degenerate father his legs) should cry out and say thus unto him in the name of all the rest of his brethren and sisters:  
Dad, hark Dad in thine ear. Am not I thy best boy, am I not, Dad? And dost thou not love me thy best boy, Dad? Hark Dad, thou wert wont (when thou went'st to the Fairs) to buy thy best boy, fine knacks, fine boxes, fine rattles, a fine feather, a fine gilded dagger, and a fine golden hobby-horse: wert thou not, Dad? And wilt thou now let me thy white-headed boy run barefoot and barelegged without hose and shoes? Why hark Dad, hath the fire of Tobacco filched thy purse? Hath filthy Tobacco flames enforced all thy golden angels to creep covertly out of thy coffers into thy proflwious pouch, and from thence to fly forth all about? Tell me good Dad, hath the poisonsome stink of those filthy Tobacco fumes made me thy own pretty boy, my brethren and sisters to stink now so horribly in thy unnatural nostrils, as thou art utterly unable (how willing soever) to buy my brother Humphrey an hat, or little Francke a fustian coat, or my sister Kate a new coif, or poor pretty Tib a tawdry lace, or yet me thy best boy a new nothing to hang on my sleeve? I pray thee hark Dad, and i'll tell thee a thing in thine ear. My brother Robin he wrings his hands thus, and cries mainly out: because thou art now no more able to maintain him any longer to school, and yet he hath half learned his Puerilis (he saith) without book. And my sister Meg, she sits mourning in corners, because (being now ripe and ready for marriage) thou art not able to prefer her that way, with one groatsworth of goods, she being otherways capable enough of many good marriages. And Dad, little Kit, he cries out for a prenticeship, but cannot prevail therein, for want of preferment. Yea and mine eldest brother Will, he goeth wailing up and down: because his birthright (he saith) is bangled out about nothing. Dad, hark in thine ear; Will, he prates many bugs-words to my brothers and sisters behind thy back. He marvels (he saith) how thou canst for very shame go daily (as thou dost) to hear Sermons, and profit no more by preaching. Nay, hark Dad, he telleth them that Saint Paul saith plainly, 
l 1 Tim. 5.8.  thou hast denied the faith; art become an apostate, and worse them an infidel: because thou showest thyself so careless in providing for us, & the folk of thy family. Yea and that the Lord God proceedeth justly in judgement against thee, by causing thy fantastical sucking in of filthy Tobacco flames, to feed thee as fat as a fool. For lo (saith he) our Father long since did lie 
m Mich. 2.1.  in his bed, devising that monstrous flame: never regarding at all, how the Lord (in the mean time) was 
n Mich. 2.4.  devising a plague against him and his family, from which neither he himself, nor we his forlorned offspring, shall ever be able to pluck out our necks. And therefore (with very great grief and anguish of heart) we may now take up this reproachful parable against him▪ yea we may now lament with a doleful lamentation, and say one to another. Alas, we be 
o Mich. 2.4.5.  even utterly wasted? Behold here, how the righteous judge (for our father's fantastical fooleries) hath justly dispersed the long settled portions of us his poor offspring for ever. For lo, our own father himself (being fearfully given over to the insatiable lust of his own licentious heart) hath now made such an absolute sale of his lands, and so beastly bangled out our birthrights in so many odd parcels, as there is utterly no hope at all of any redemption; nor possibility that any one of our father's poor of spring shall ever be able to cast forth a chord by lot, in any our alienated inheritances. In so much as wise men (wondering greatly thereat) may say one to another: Behold, we 
p job. 5.3.4.5.  have seen the foolish man substantially rooted, and surely settled: but lo, now the Lord curseth his habitation, and telleth him, his children shall be destitute, and far from succour: yea that they shall be destroyed in the gate, and none shall deliver them. The hungry shall eat up this foolish man's harvest; yea they shall even take it away as it were from among the thorns; and the thirsty shall drink up his substance. Neither may our said father impute the blame hereof to the barrenness of the soil, but to the badness rather of his own proper husbandry, and to the preposterous waste of his proflwious purse. For 
q job. 5.6.  misery cometh not forth of the dust, neither doth poverty spring out of the earth. Lo Dad, my brothers and sisters they prate thus in corners behind thy back, so they do: and I said I would tell thee thereof, so I would; and wilt thou not whip them sound for it? How sayest thou Capnistus? if thou shouldest but hear some poor distressed mother and her pitiful brats thus grievously cry and complain, wouldst thou not forthwith conclude that their poor hearts had formerly felt the forenamed effects of such a fantastical sucking in of filthy Tobacco fumes?  Capn. 
Yes that would I, no doubt: and not without very great cause. But good Sir, forbear (I beseech you) all such your further pathetical Prosopopoeias. For my very heart it bleeds in my body, to think that any poor harmless infants should thus be enforced to pull a public reproach upon their own fathers, for those their fantastical and palpable fooleries.  Hydr. 
I am very well willing (upon this thine entreaty) to surcease forthwith from those their supposed most pitiful plaints; not taking any pleasure at all in such prosecutions, but desiring thereby to make those their unchristian courses become odious, even in the ears of all sorts of people. And surely, had those our blindfolded sots but one dram of God's grace, or one drop of good nature remaining within them, they would eftsoons imagine such pathetical Prosopopoeias in their own sinful souls. Howbeit, this is certainly a vengeance decreed with God, that as 
r Pro. 1.32.  the prosperity of those our foolish Tobacconists is their proper destruction, so surely the Almighty (in that self same decreed vengeance) will even constrain them perforce to 
s Pro. 1.31.  eat up the whole crop of their own foolish ways, and to be filled with the fruits of their former devices. Yea he will enforce their 
t Pro. 6.11.  appointed poverty to come speedily upon them as one that passeth apace by the way: and make their allotted beggary very fiercely to assault them, like a strong armed man.  Capn. 
Well Sir, let this fully suffice for those fearful effects which more respectively concern their wives and children: an● now lay open those other effects (I pray you) which more generally concern some other beside.  Hydr. 
With a very good will. Wherein thou hast here to observe, that those self same effects, they are either such as more especially concern the poor Tenants themselves: or such else as more generally appertain to the public State.  Capn. 
What are those effects first, which more especially concern the poor Tenants themselves?  Hydr. 
They are all those importable burdens which their intoxicated Landlords do most grievously impose upon the poor men's backs, for the bloody supply of their beastly wants. For, these our insatiable suckers of smoke, feeling once (in a miserable experience) that their five hundredpounds yearly revenues will not render an allowance to that their prodigal dispending of one hundred pounds yearly at least upon those their filthy Tobacco fumes, without a final confusion of their forefather's patrimony; and perceiving moreover, that no one supply of those their superfluous wants may possibly be expected from any the good blessings of God, but the cursed supplanting rather of their present possessions, they begin eftsoons to cast about with themselves, which way they may assuredly support their fantastical fooleries, without the final subversion of their proper estates. And this imagination of theirs, no sooner possesseth their swimming heads, but the devil himself doth forthwith suggest as pleasing a supply to their swilling hearts; persuading them seriously (through the devilish device of Christian Craft, that Machiavellian monster which hourly attends on their persons, and undertakes withal to manage their domestical affairs) that they may very well raise yearly some two hundred pounds more at the least from among their poor Tenants, towards the timely defraying of those their superfluous and idle expenses, without any present oppressing of those peasant-like fatbackes at all.  Capn. 
Oh monstrous imagination of theirs! All the devils in hell could never have found forth a more mischievous device for the pitiful spoiling of those their poor Tenants.  Hydr. 
Very true as thou sayest. For this devilish device is no sooner set on foot by those monstrous Minotaures, but the same is as devilishly entertained of our Tyger-like Tobacconists, and as perniciously put in present practice by them, and their bloody Bailiffs together. So as, from this sandy foundation doth forthwith arise the monstrous improving of Lordships, the merciless enclosing of several grounds, the insatiable enhancing of incomes and fines, the excessive racking and raising of rents, the beggarly borrowing of some three years pay before hand at the least; the rueful riding and running; the chargeable carting and carrying, so uncharitably exacted upon the poor Tenants; their bondslave-like booning at every beck; their extraordinary rent-corne, rent-coales, rent-capons, and I wot not what; together with the unseasonable haling home of their hungry Landlord his harvest, notwithstanding the exceeding great loss of their own, lying all abroad in great danger of waste. Yea from hence also ariseth the taking of so many new leases, in a needle's reversion; the unhonest drowning up of some nine or ten years in the old lease at least; the finding forth of some certain odd quirks in either of both; and the unequal making of forfeitures in either of both, so oft as poor Tenants refuse to crouch down like old beaten hounds at their masters beck, or to supply the insatiable want of the Landlords insatiable lusts whensoever they call. By all which thou mayst plainly perceive, that these our insatiable suckers of smoke, do nothing else in effect, but even 
u Isay. 3.15.  batter their poor Tenants to powder, 
x Isay. 3.15.  grind the poor men's faces away, 
y Am. 8.4.  swallow up the hungry souls, 
z Am. 8.4.  buy the needy for shoes, 
a Am. 5.12.  oppress the just in the gate, 
b Am. 8.4.  make the needy of the land to fail, yea and 
c Hab. 2.8.  insatiably devour the innocent blood, to uphold their insatiable filthy fooleries. So as, the 
d Am. 8.8.  whole land must tremble for this: and every man mourn that dwelleth therein.  Capn. 
And very well worthy they are. But Sir, Do you absolutely ascribe these fearful effects, to our insatiable taking of Tobacco fumes alone?  Hydr. 
Not so. For howsoever it be a most fearful sin before the Majesty of the immortal God, for any man thus vainly to waste his wealth: yet surely this our superfluous sucking in of filthy Tobacco fumes goeth never alone by itself, but hath (like an amorous Lady) her lascivious hangbies attending hourly upon her train, to aggravate her needless excess the more in the presence of God. For this burning and scorching flame being once inwardly taken into the bowels; there must necessarily follow, an insatiable quaffing up of wine, ale, or beer at the least, to allay and quench the excessive heat of the stomach. And by the insatiable quaffing in of these strong drinks, Dame Venus herself beginneth eftsoons so fiercely to be inflamed and set on fire, as nothing in the world but some one of her Damosels, or Draf-sackes at least, must forthwith be fetched, to calm the new kindled coals of their lusting hearts. And those amorous Damosels so serviceably attending their beck, & so wanton serving their turns that way, they must not only be most gallantly adorned with whatsoever ornaments of bravery themselves, but be courted eftsoons (by those their prodigal paramours) in sundry changeable & chargeable suits. And this bravery of apparel, it must be proportionably graced with proud & sumptuous buildings: and those sumptuous buildings, they speedily procure a prodigal dispending of patrimonies with other like worldly preferments. And this prodigal dispending of patrimonies, it cannot but impair our fume-suckers ancient estates. And this needless impairing of ancient estates, it must have forsooth some present supply from a pitiful oppressing of the poor Tenants themselves. So as, albeit these sundry most wasteful disorders do all jointly concur in the speedy subversion of our fume-suckers ancient estates, and therefore we do synecdochically put down but a part for the whole; yet the filthy Tobacco fume (thou mayst plainly perceive) is now adays become the Trojan horse-bellie of those other hidden mischiefs, and the only Metropolitan of all those monstrous misorders. By the misguidance whereof, our insatiable fume-suckers (thou seest) they do nothing in effect: but even 
e Isa. 59.5.  hatch the Cockatrice eggs, and weave the poisonsome spider's web, 
f Isa. 59.4.  conceiving mischief, and bringing iniquity forth: thus 
g Isa. 5.18.  drawing wickedness to themselves with the cords of vanity, and sin, as t● were with cart-ropes.  Capn. 
Let this suffice for those fearful effects which more especially concern the poor Tenants themselves: and now show me (I pray you) those other effects which more generally appertain to the public State.  Hydr. 
With very good will. And those effects also are such as do primarily proceed from the mightier sort of our filthy fume-suckers: or from the more abject crew of those our tippling Tobacconists.  Capn. 
Very well. But what (first) are those fearful effects, which do primarily proceed from the mightier sort of our fume-suckers?  Hydr. 
They are such monstrous attempts and outrageous enormities, as honest minded persons should even tremble to tell; as men of common humanity should abhor to hear; and as holy religious wights should loathe in their hearts. For when those our insatiable suckers of filthy fumes are utterly sunk; when their ancient estates (I mean) have suffered such an unrecoverable shipwreck, as they know not which way to wind themselves forth from the sands of sorrow, and shelves of shame, than they forthwith resolve upon desperate courses for the daily supply of their present wants. For then (forsooth) they will either become magnificent statesmen in Stand-gate hole; or too too humbled suitors at Shooters-hil; or huffing huntsmen on new Market-plaine; or braving Bow-bearers at blackmoor heath; or hucking Haberdasher's on Hog-magog hills; or the King's cavallering coyne-takers at Crabtree corner; yea or the most fliggering Faulkeners at Flittesse hedge, to let fly at each passengers purse at the least. For as these fellows can neither 
h Luk. 16. 13●  dig, nor delve: so are they most egregiously ashamed to beg their relief at honest men's houses.  Capn. 
These Sir (I confess) they are most horrible effects.  Hydr. 
They are so indeed. And yet (if no help might be found for the same) I could even heartily wish that these were the worst. Because than it were more safe to suffer some small inconvenience, then desperately admit of an horrible mischief. Yea and of two dangerous occurrents, rather to tolerate the least of the twain, then fearfully undergo the hazard of all.  Capn. 
What might be your meaning herein Sir, I beseech you?  Hydr. 
My meaning herein is this. Namely, if there could none other help at all be had, then were it much better to bear a time with such desperate adventures as tend to the only hurt of some private persons, than over carelessly to neglect the unnatural noursemother of some such dangerous attempts as directly do aim at the public good of the State. I will demonstrate this matter by an apparent example thus.  
Those our late traitorous Recusants, they were all (for the most part) but beggarly Bankrupts, and men of very base condition, as Authority itself (by due inquisition, and provident inquiry) found plainly forth, and their own favourites themselves very freely confess. Now those men (for the most part) they were formerly held for professed Tobacconists: namely, for disordered and riotous persons. Who falling first from Tobacco to tippling; from tippling to whoring; from whoring, to a Courtlike braving; from a Courtlike braving, to superfluous building; from a superfluous building, to a prodigal dispending of their ancient patrimonies, & other their allotted preferments; from a prodigal dispending, to an excessive want; from an excessive want, to a woeful malcontented condition; and from their malcontended condition, to the proud pioneers most bloody profession in that the undermining practice of theirs: wherein they purposely put down their pestiferous projects and plots for their present relief. For howsoever they made Religion itself unseemly coverture to those their traitorous attempts, because among them, 
i In nomine Domini incipit omne malum.  In the name of God, all mischief begins: yet (without doubt) the preposterous supply for those their proflwious purses, was the principal propounded period to those their pestilent purposes, and the fully determined shot-anker of that their subsequent shame. The sequel itself doth sound forth at large the truth of the premises now, how intricate soever before. For their intolerable wants became so heavy a burden unto their unbended backs, as (before they would too long undergo the huge weight thereof) they rather most damnably resolved among themselves to massacre our most Christian King, our gracious Queen; our peerless young Prince, the whole royal offspring, the honourable Council; the Nobles, the Gentry, the Clergy, the Commonalty, and the happy estate of this our whole country: like a most viperous brood, devouring the very belly itself wherein they were borne and bred.  Capn. 
Oh horrible attempt! What steely heart would not tremble and quake at the very hearing thereof? But go to Sir, make haste I beseech you, to the timely unfolding of those other effects which more respectively proceed from the base sort of those our tippling Tobacconists.  Hydr. 
Content. Wherein also I would have thee consider afresh, that albeit this sort of tippling Tobacconists be accounted for men very abject and base, in comparison of those lofty fume-suckers we spoke of before, yet prove they too too pestiferous also to the public State; and their pretended projects and plots are much more pernicious that way, then may well be perceived at first. And howsoever these, and the other may seem somewhat to differ in their several circumferences, they do both of them jointly fall jump and pat upon one and the self-same period of public disorder. For (concerning any their practical designments) they mutually march forwards in one and the self same circular motion, I mean, in the pestiferous disturbing and preposterous supplanting of our public State.  Capn. 
Good Sir, I cannot as yet conceive your purpose herein.  Hydr. 
I will thus more expressly demonstrate the same. Be it here supposed that this base sort of tippling Tobacconists (whether Husbandmen▪ Artificers, Tradesmen, Saddlers, Shoemakers, Tailors, Tinkers, or any other else of the vulgar condition) having in all▪ but twenty nobles, twenty marks, twenty or forty pounds' maintenance to defray all manner of domestical charges withal) should weekly dispend some three shillings fourepences upon filthy Tobacco fumes: who seeth not plainly, but that either their said maintenance must forthwith be managed by some other bad means, or this their ancient estate in very short time be shrewdly surprised, and (in a manner) quite subverted?  Capn. 
There is no necessary consequent in either of both. For behold Sir, they may forthwith surcease from such a superfluous waste, and eftsoons betake themselves to a much more frugal course.  Hydr. 
Surcease from their former superfluous waste (sayst thou) and fall to frugality? When the sky falleth so down to the ground, we may haply gather great store of Larks. No, no, it's more possible for a man to take an Hare with a tabret and whistle, then turn those bewitched Tobacconists from that tippling course wherein they were more accustomably bred and brought up. For howsoever they be 
k jerem. 4.22.  wise enough to do wickedly: yet (without question) to do well, they have no knowledge at all. Do thou but take an exact survey of any their disordered courses, or desperate attempts in all their assemblies, and at every time and tide: and then tell me withal, what any one hope may be had after such a Moonshine in the water? And whether worse Cankerworms can be found in a Christian Commonwealth, than those our 
l Exod. 10.13.14.  Egyptian Caterpillars.  Capn. 
Help me good Sir (I beseech you) in such a survey.  Hydr. 
With all my heart. And (for the more orderly effecting of this our intent) it shall be by a lively resemblance of them, and their ordinary practices. Let us therefore accordingly imagine, that Prince Arthur our Aleman, Babble-much the Barber, Barthelet the Butcher, Cocke-on hoop the Cobbler, Ding-thrift the Dog-keeper, False-chaps the Fiddler, Groutnolle the Girdeler, Huf-cap the Hunt's man, justle-king the joiner, Lithersbie the Lath-render, Martin the Mariner, Madbrain the Makeshift, Nichol the Net-mender, Oliver the Oyster-man, Perkin the peddler, Partiface the Piper, Proud-mind the Plumber, Runagate the Roister, Simkin the Sithesmith, Small-braines the Shoemaker, Thin-gut the Thatcher, Talke-apace the Tailor, with Tom-trash the Tinker: imagine here (I say) that all and every of these should mutually assemble themselves at Saint Paltockes Inn, wouldst thou not account them 
m Crobyll ●ugum.  a acquaint Crobylian yoke, a congruent cluster (I mean) of pretty carousing companions?  Capn. 
I might (at first sight) so account them, I freely confess. Howbeit Sir, this your cynical censure, it will (I fear me) be shrewdly distasted of some: because the Trades themselves which you speak of here (being rightly respected) are very commendable, yea and sundry men of those self same trades, are worthily reputed for honest persons.  Hydr. 
Distasted of some (sayest thou?) A silly poor witless some they are (be thou sure) who wot not how to distinguish between those trades themselves, and the men in those trades. For I do not here censure those good trades themselves, nor the honest men whatsoever, employed in any of those commendable trades: only I tax the scum and of-scouring of honest men, and the palpable abusers of those the good trades whatsoever. And therefore (to proceed directly in that our former survey,) let us imagine that either all, or some certain of these should purposely assemble themselves at Arthur alemans' house about eight or nine of the clock in the morning, with a joint and full resolution there to hold out side till eleven or twelve in the night: what kind of coil (thinkest thou) would those our acquaint companions keep there for all the day long?  Capn. 
When the good ale were once got in the head, and wit gone out, I fear me Sir, they would keep a very bad coil.  Hydr. 
Thou mayest be assured of that, if thou but observe their ordinary courses. For (having jointly determined upon the match making) to make then their sweet liquor of life the appointed period to all those their pot-like proceedings, they suppose it not greatly amiss, to begin the match first, by drinking in measure next their hearts; that is, each man (for his share) must carouse a whole quart at a clap, for curing his eyesight. After all this, they misspend some quarter of an hour in questioning about the manner of their Hostesses brewing, and in commending most highly that last brewed liquor of life. But now (forsooth) perceiving some sudden cold qualm overwhelming their queasy stomachs by reason that their lately recevied liquor lieth cold in the same, they do call forthwith for one ounce of Tobacco, for a Tobacco pipe, and a greasy candle to kindle the same: sucking in (by course) that filthy Tobacco fume, as eagerly (I assure thee) as the hungry horseleech sucketh up the putrefied blood from a sore bruised leg. This is no sooner done, but they begin eftsoons to feel the fiery scorching flame of that filthy Tobacco fume, to fret and burn in their bellies: and thereupon, they do presently call for a whole yard of ale, that is, for so many fresh cups of that their beloved liquor, as may stand one by one within a yard compass every way. With these they resolve to allay, and to quench the outrageous heat in their belching breasts: wherein also they do make exceeding much haste, for fear of firing their ruby vermilion noses. This purpose performed, they perceive their former fiery stomachs so suddenly cooled, and do then feel withal, such a chilling cold dispersing itself throughout all the parts of their body, as they fear to be forthwith surprised with a cold deadly palsy, or to fall eftsoons into some new feaver-lurden at least: and thereupon they take Tobacco afresh: and withal (for preventing the worst) they do call forth a whole jury of fresh cups, to conclude and determine the good estate of their bodies. The first quart cup of those twelve (being called Tom Troth) they do make the foreman of the jury: swearing him forthwith, to give up a very true verdict concerning this present point, and to kiss the book, that is, to cleave close to their pale coloured lips till all the liquor be out. After him, Brafield-font he is next called, and so all the rest of their jury in order: telling them one by one, that the same oath which their foreman had taken, must every one of them also (for their parts) take and fulfil, so help t●em Belzebub, in the name of blear-eyed Bacchus their ale-mighty soule-slayer, & to kith the said book as before. The jury now having thus devoutly taken their oaths, and very deeply considered their late-given charge to the bottom, Breede-bate the Bailieffe he cries, A verdict, a verdict. Whereupon Prince Arthur the ale-man (being then made the deputed Rhadamanthus over those his tippling Tobacconists) he readily receiveth the verdict, as followeth: Namely, that (howsoever all the rest of their damned crew, are in pretty good case) Cocke-on hoop the Cobbler is fallen into very great danger, having too too beastly surfeited in his swinelike body, and being soul-sick to death: so as there is none other way with him for the present, but forthwith to dispose of his last Will and Testament, and so to betake himself (hand over head) into the hands of Pluto his magnificent Lord and master.  Capn. 
A very sharp verdict. But Sir, what was the success thereof?  Hydr. 
Upon the hearing of this late-given verdict, the whole company advise Cocke-on hoop to devise of a Will: who willingly consented thereunto. And thereupon Rince-pot the Register, he is sent for in haste, to write & record the same. Rince-pot (having formally put down the style of the Testament) doth ask him withal, what he would have him write. Cocke-on-hoope willeth him to write word for word from his mouth, as he utters them forth: which (immediately after the ordinary style) was thus in effect: namely, Drink, then more drink, than a little more drink, than yet more drink, than a little modicum of Baker's bread, then drink again, then more drink, than a little more drink, than yet more drink, and so forth. Item, I appoint Arthur Ale-man mine only Executor, making Huf-cap the Huntsman, and Small-braines the Soomaker, the joint Superuisers of this my last Testament: allowing them all three, a full pipe of Tobacco, for their pains that way. Witness hereunto, the whole raskallike-rabblement of this our damned crew. Go to now (saith Cocke-on hoop) let me hear my last Testament. Content (quoth Rince-pot) and thereupon (crying Silence my masters) he read the same forth in this following order:  
In the name of Belzebub, amen. I Cocke-on hoop Cobbler, being now most shrewdly surfeited in my beastly body by reason of the good ale suds, and damnably soul-sick in these my damned delights, but yet of a reeling and rotten remembrance, blessed be Bacchus therefore, do ordain this my last Will and Testament, in manner and form following. First, I bequeath my beastly body to Bacchus mine only ale-mightie protector, and the same to be buried directly under our gallows, at the East towns end: surrendering withal my swinelike soul into Belzebubs hands, to be shrined up for ever in the nethermost Stygian gulf. Then next, I bequeath to the whole society of these my carousing companions, as followeth: Namely, drink, more drink, a little more drink, yet more drink, than a little modicum of Baker's bread: then drink again, then more drink, than yet a little more drink, and so forth. Item, I appoint Arthur ale-man, the sole and only Executor of this my last Testament, making Huf-cap the Huntsman, and Small-braines the Shoemaker, my joint superuisers; allowing to every of them, a full pipe of Tobacco for his pains taken that way. Witness hereunto, the whole Rascabilian rabblement of this our damnable Crew. Lo this (quoth Rince-pot) is here set down as your last Will and Testament: How like you thereof? I do like it (saith Cocke-on hoop) exceeding well, saving in one only point, namely, that little modicum of Baker's bread marreth all: if that were some way amended, I do ●ot doubt to recover forthwith. Can you not put out the modicum of Baker's bread clean, and put down a good pipe of Tobacco in the place thereof? That may be done with a trice (quoth Rince-pot) and so accordingly recordeth the same. Cocke-on hoop, at the hearing thereof (being something recovered of his surfeiting sickness) he biddeth Groutnolle the Girdler to reach master Rince-pot the bottom of the pot for his pains: and withal prayeth False-chaps the Fiddler, & Partie-face the Piper to play him his resurrexit à mortuis. At which his idle conceit, the whole company they fell forthwith into an exceeding loud laughter: and thereupon (calling eftsoons for fair Allicocke their Hostess, as also for her fine minion, mistress Winefride the wring-spigot) they held it an ancient kind of carousing courtesy (in a merry memento) to kiss both of them round for fear of some rankling.  Capn. 
But, how did Arthur her Husband like of that matter?  Hydr. 
Exceedingly well: and no marvel at all. For it is the manner of such cup-shotten companions, to account those wives the best wives (what baddes-bies soever) which with one afternoon's sport, are able to make their pottage-pot play the better for a whole week together. Howbeit, here began the new broil. Breede-hate, he breweth a marvelous brawl about his ordinary Fee for summoning the grand-jury before; and Runagate the Roister, he dareth him a sound cuff on the ear for the same. Whereupon the whole crew of companions fell a scuffling together, neither once knowing, nor yet caring whom they do strike, so they may sound light pat on any man's pate. In this their drunken fought fray, there was given many a broken head, besides sundry dry blows about their shoulders. At length they friendly parted themselves: and thereupon Arthur (to save his recognisance) conveys them one from another into several corners, there to sleep out the good-ale suds. After all this (having somewhat recovered their senses) they call forthwith for a reckoning: which came just to twenty shillings ten pence for ale, and seven shillings six for Tobacco and candle. Such as had present money paid their shares: and such as had none, either laid down their pawns, or else ran on the score till a further reckoning. And then (calling for a fresh pair of cards, and their reckoning cups) they thought good to conclude their sport, with a game or too at Poope-noddie.  Capn. 
At poop noddy Sir? What game (I beseech you) is that?  Hydr. 
What Capnistus? art thou a professed Tobacconist: and knowest not Poope-noddie? I had thought the very hearing of these former disorders, would have made thee acquainted therewith. Well then, I will show thee the whole sport, according to the credible information of such as learned the same themselves in a sound and settled experience. Mark it well man; for this (I assure thee) it is: Namely, all the kine out of the stall; all the sheep out of the fold; all the corn out of the barn; all the coin out of the coffer; all the webs out of the wardrobe; all the pennies out of the purse; all the drink out of the pot; all the wit out of the head; all the shame out of the face; all honesty out of the heart; body itself underneath the board; and soul and all to the devil. Lo here the sway of Poope-noddie: and this for a short survey concerning any their disordered courses.  Capn. 
Disordered courses indeed. But yet Sir, these courses (how disordered soever) they hurt only themselves: neither do I perceive as yet, how the same should be greatly pernicious to the good of our public State.  Hydr. 
Surely, Capnistus, thou art over shallow of conceit to deal in deeper matters of policy, if thou perceivest not this. For (besides the great hurt which those our Tobacconists do causelessly procure to their own proper persons and states) is it not exceedingly hurtful to the public good of our country, that any such able persons should be so carelessly permitted to cassier their public callings; to lead an idle and loitering life; to lose their precious times; to abandon their ancient trades; to neglect their charges; to consume their patrimonies; to lavish forth their worldly preferments; to waste their whole wealth; & so to procure such needless poverty upon themselves and all theirs, as they must be enforced perforce, either to beg their bread, or to be maintained upon public charge at the least: to the untimely imbeazilling of their present provision, and the preposterous undermining of public good? Tell me (I pray thee) whether these their disordered courses do not collaterally and consequently become very pestiferous to our public State? Besides that, these disordered persons, they are egregiously scandalous to sundry such others of like disposition, in giving them all a very pernicious precedent to such proflwious expenses as they are naturally prone unto, by procuring them to the like disordered practices; by causing them very carelessly to foreslip their present avails; to lose their precious times; to neglect their commendable callings; to cast off all Christian care concerning themselves, their wives, their children, and all the folk of their family; yea and even prodigally to dispend, and wastefully to consume their worldly wealths upon vanishing and vain delights. Are not these squandering courses of theirs become very pestiferous precedents, and most pernicious practices (thinkest thou) to the undoubted prejudice of our public State? For how should public States be providently supported, and safely preserved in their public good: without the honest cares, the careful endeavours, and industrious labours of men in their sundry professions and callings? And who shall attend upon such industrious, laborious, and painful endeavours, if all sorts of tradesmen should confusedly become such carousing companions? And why should Cocke-on hoop the Cobbler, or Ding-thrift the Dog-keeper, or False-chaps the Fiddler, or Lithersbie the Lath-render, or Partiface the Piper, or Small-braines the Shoemaker; or Spendall the Spurrier, or any other else of that reckless rascabilian rout, be more privileged to plod forth their precious times in any such pestiferous practices, than either Bonny-boy the Barber; or Doubti-man the Draper; or Honest-heart the Hatter; or Lustie-lad the Labourer; or Trusty-man the Mason; or True-pennie the Tailor; or Labour-hard the Lock-smith, or any other man else that make conscience of their calling, that do 
n Psal. 127.2.  eat the bread of carefulness, that (as the beloved of God) do repose their whole rest in his gracious and most merciful providence?  Capn. 
It is certainly even so as you say.  Hydr. 
Very well. And will not then (thinkest thou) these the disordered courses of those our carousing companions become very pernicious occasions of breeding and procuring a marvelous discontentedness in the minds of these other industrious persons, all the while they perceive them thus wastefully to live of the spoil? The pretty Pismires providing 
o Pro. 6.6.7.8. and 30.25.  their meat in summer, and gathering their winter food in the harvest before, they can (by no means) abide and slothful Ants in their company. The painful Bees they cannot possibly endure that any idle Drones in the hive, should 
p judg. 14.14. Ecclus. 11.3.  suck up the sweet of their diligent labours. And how (thinkest thou) may these our honest minded labouring men (at any hand) be made to manage the ruinated estates of any such monstrous Minotaures as seek nothing else (in effect) but even utterly to massacre and spoil their own, and other men's public preferments? No, no, they will rather run desperately upon them at once, like 
q Isa. 7.18.  fierce Assyrian Bees; or cruelly 
r Psal. 118.12.  cluster about them as an angry swarm; or 
s Deut. 1.44.  chase them away from their hive at the least, like Amorite wasps; and so send them 
t Psal. 109.10.  to beg their bread in desolate places.  Capn. 
And very well worthy they are.  Hydr. 
But yet this would I have thee observe herewithal: namely, that the honester minded sort, grow marvelously miscontented with those their monstrous misorders. For, out upon those graceless Dingthrifts say they: what an excessive spoil do they make of all the good blessings of God? We must be carking and caring, while they sit carousing and carding; we must be labouring, while they lie loitering; we must be toiling at home, while they are tippling and trifling abroad; we must be warily working in harvest, while they are wanton wasting at alehouses; yea we (alas) must be spending our spirits at plough, while they lie spoiling our purses at play. What reason have we to become bondslaves for bellie-gods; poor Saint Christopher's, for proud carousers, diligent drudgs, for such desperate drunkards; yea and most provident sparers, for such prodigal spenders? Is it not strange that authority should so curbingly bridle us in, and so carelessly cast the rains in their necks to all licentious courses? That they should so grievously 
u Math. 23.4. Luke 10.46. Act. 15.10.  bind burdens upon us while our backs are ready to burst; and so egregiously to wink at their carousing of cup after cup, while their bellies are ready to break? That they should so chargeably exact payment after payment upon every of us for the necessary support of public affairs▪ and so uncharitably grant payment to any of them for the pernicious supply of those their prodigal dispending? Or that a weekly contribution towards the poor, should be imposed upon every of us: and a weekly distribution thereof be so pestiferously allowed to every of them, to the irreligious robbing of poor men indeed and the proflwious dispending of our proper wealths? Much better were we to forsake our painful professions, and to follow eftsoons their prodigal practices, with an hourly expectation of like public relief, than (in this sort) to toil and turmoil ourselves about a pestiferous supportation of any their reckless relief. Lo here (Capnistus) how these honest poor men grow malcontented against those monstrous Minotaures? how they begin to distaste authority for their pestiferous permission? yea and how bitterly they murmur at those superfluous impositions which they are enforced eftsoons to undergo about the unnecessary relieving of these our riotous rungates? May not these beginnings of mischief become very pestiferous in the end (thinkest thou) to our public State?  Capn. 
Yes verily may they: and it were very convenient they should be circumspectly prevented in time.  Hydr. 
Very true as thou sayest. Howbeit (in the mean time) these our tippling Tobacconists they run headlong an end upon sundry other disordered courses, no less pernicious to our public State then those other before. For when their patrimonies are all dispended; when their worldly wealth is utterly wasted; yea when those their proflwious purses have thus prodigally poured forth the best blood in their bellies, than they bring their hungry Hostess some pretty pawn or pledge for their beloved liquor. Then their household trash must trudge forth; then their whole webs of cloth must walk; then their bras pots, their bras-pans, their platters and the rest, must be purloined away for the unnecessary purchase of the black stone pot, and their pretty Tobacco pipe: yea than the very coverlet and sheets from their bed must be carelessly chaffered forth for their filthy Tobacco fumes, and causeless carousing cups. And now (having their faces frecked over with a crimson colour, and their wits well whittled with the good-ale suds, and perceiving withal, the pulse-veine of those their proflwious purses to beat very weak for want of further supply) they begin forthwith to cast about for their neighbour's chickens, to hover up and down for their hens; yea and eftsoons to pray upon their young sucking pigs, for their own and their hungry Hostess' tooth, and what not beside? Tell me (I pray thee Capnistus) are not these their disordered courses become very pestiferous practices to our public State?  Capn. 
They are so, I must needs confess.  Hydr. 
Well then, let us here forbear to speak further of their disordered courses; and now turn our talk towards some of their l●te most dangerous attempts against the good of our State: to see whether these our tippling Tobacconists be not that ways also become most pernicious and pestilent companions towards the wished welfare of our public State. For when they have played the Poope-noddies too long in dispending their worldly preferments after such a riotous sort, and are also enforced to feel the present want of their filthy fume, and to perceive some lack of that their beloved liquor, not knowing which ways in the world to supply their said wants: then they begin eftsoons to pray for the pestilence, to wish for wars, to hope for a change, to broach many dangerous babbles about some sudden invasion; to mutter forth certain mutinous murmurings concerning some civil dissensions among men of State; yea and to wish the whole land on an uproar at least: that so they might come to make present spoil of Haukin-holdfast his house, or to prey upon Godfrey-gather-goods purse. Tell me now Capnistus, are not these their desperate attempts most dangerously pestiferous to the present good of our public State?  Capn. 
I dare not deny them to be certainly so.  Hydr. 
And yet these (alas) they are but the beginnings of mischief, in comparison of those their subsequent most desperate attempts. For (feeling once a greater increase of their present wants, and perceiving all further supply therein to decrease more and more) they do then forthwith become professed malcontents against the well settled peace of our public State: wishing and praying eftsoons for their long expected jubilee: and hoping earnestly after a presposterous deliverance from all dutiful subjection towards their holy Superiors: telling their carousing companions, that it will never be merry with boon-companions in England, before the inhabitants of England be up together by the ears among themselves. For then (say they) would forthwith begin the sport: then should we come to Catch that catch may; yea than should we compel our country cormorants themselves, to catch at a broun-bread crust: whereas those merciless peasants do now lead the whole world in a string, and deal with good fellows as it pleaseth themselves. Then would we soon make their full barns to supply the long lack of this our beloved liquor, than would we constrain their rusty red ruddocks to run at our beck, and to attend upon the pleasure of us, and the rest of our carousing companions: yea than would we cause their enclosures to crack. How sayeth thou Capnistus to these their desperate attempts, are they not (thinkest thou) most dangerously pestiferous to the present peace of our public State?  Capn. 
Surely Sir, their desperate prate itself is very pernicious: for it puts disordered persons in present mind of some such desperate practices, as cannot but greatly prejudice the long and well settled peace of this our public State.  Hydr. 
Thou speakest the truth. And therefore, their very prate itself would forthwith be sharply suppressed, for fear of some subsequent mischief. Howbeit, these our tippling Tobacconists (those riotous companions I mean) they fear not to surpass the pestilent bounds of that their pestiferous prate, by putting in present practice all those pernicious projects and plots which their pestilent tongues had so audaciously, and so undutifully prated of, long before. For Madbrain the Makeshift, Proud-mind the Plumber, Small-braines the Shoemaker, and justle king the joiner, they do no sooner hear speech of causing Enclosures to crack, but forthwith they care not a point to crack their desperate conscience on pieces, in an undutiful undertaking to set such a perilous practice on foot: arming themselves, and animating their desperate associates to the joint and speedier performance (forsooth) of such a preposterous enterprise. Pretending withal (to such as demand a reason of those their desperate adventures) that one Master Need did this way set them on work; that they were resolved to deal no further therein, but according to Master Mend-all his only direction, and with the authentical warrant beside of an old penal Statute against such hurtful Enclosures: yea and that also (for their protection and pay) they marched under the approved conduct of Captain Pouch. This exploit was no sooner bruited abroad, but the very garbage of graceless subjection; they offscouring of honesty; the scum of humanity; yea the whole rifraffe of vicious persons came flocking thick and threefold from every coast unto their accursed company: reporting abroad, they had twelve pence aday for their pains, with wine, ale, and beer so much as their bellies would hold. These flying reports drew multitudes unto them from every place, and procured them many more favourets wheresoever they came: who would not stick on their alebench to say, God speed the plough, though yet they durst not afford them their presence. How sayest thou Capnistus, are not these the odd youths of our country? Are not these our old suresbies to serve at a pinch, and to help our State at any dead lift? What sayst thou man, to these desperate practices?  Capn. 
I should account them desperate practices indeed, had they not had the King's broade-seale for their warrant: which was commonly reported they had.  Hydr. 
The King's broade-seale for their warrant? Fie, fie for shame man, that any such the incredible reports of idle-brained fellows, should once make thee imagine we had but a fool to our King.  Capn. 
God forbid that such a gross and undutiful imagination should ever be found in any true hearted subject. For all the whole world doth universally both know, and acknowledge his Highness to have a most admirable, superexcellent, and sanctified wisdom.  Hydr. 
They do so I confess, and this also not without a justly deserved cause, I assure thee: beseeching the Almighty jehovah that 
x Rom. 16.27.  only wise God, even ten 
y Deut. 34.9.  times yet more to double his spirit of wisdom upon him. And yet without doubt, his Highness should herein have showed a very slender use of his said excellent wisdom; if (as that rebellious rout made public report) he should (by his Prerogative royal) first privilege them to dispark and disclose all such Enclosures: & then should forth with authentically arm a subordinate power to suppress their person with 
z Rom. 13.4.  the sharp sword of vengeance, if none other peaceable means might make them desist from those their desperate attempts. For how long (thinkest thou) could his Highness securely continue a supereminent King over England, if he should so improvidently have set all his subjects in England together by the ears?  Capn. 
Not half so long (I fear me) as 
a 1 King. 1.34, 39  my hearty desire is he may by many hundred years: if it were so the good pleasure of God. And surely, the whole world may now plainly perceive by the sequel itself, that those foolish reports were purposely prolated abroad, to make the foolish people applaud their irregular proceedings. But yet Sir, it was commonly said, that the young Prince himself (by the peremptory command of his merciful mother) was privately conversant with than, to protect their proceedings this way: and moreover, that the good King of Denmark himself was personally, and newly entered England with forty thousand strong to manage their matter in hand.  Hydr. 
Oh heavens! Oh hell! Oh horrible hideous hellhounds! Was it likely (thinkest thou) that the enterprise itself should ever attain to an happy end, which was formerly begun, and forthwith continued with such horrible and such monstrous lies? Although yet this their devilish dissembling doth palpably discover their devilish dissent to all the world, and that their impudent lying, most apparently unfolds their impudent 
b joh. 8.44.  lying father the devil. For is it possible (thinkest thou) that such a peerless Prince should proudly attempt, or such a gracious Queen, should preposterously command any one project or plot, so authentically, and so peremptorily countermanded by his most excellent Highness before? Or is it credible in nature, that a natural King, yea a King of such a sanctified nature withal, should so unnaturally permit his own natural Prince (being the 
c Gen. 49.3.  primary offspring of his fatherly strength) the secondary supply of his princely succession, and the happy eternity also of England's princely hope on earth: is it credible (I say) that such a prudent fatherly King should so improvidently permit his own natural son (in such dangerous manner) to sort himself among such degenerate and desperate monsters, as neither regarded God nor the devil in those their desperate and dangerous attempts?  
And now next (concerning the good King of Denmark himself) may it in any human reason (thinkest thou) be possibly brought within the compass of paganish humanity, that an human King (being withal so good and so Christian a King, a King over a nation so human and Christian, an human kingly brother to so human and Christian a King) should so inhumanly, and so unchristianly invade so human and Christian a kingdom; either to manage so inhuman, and so unchristian an enterprise, or once to undertake so inhuman, and so unchristian an exploit? God forbid that any human, or Christian-minded man should once dare (so inhumanly and so unchristianly to dream of any such palpable fooleries: or that any sound-hearted subjects should seek to shelter such desperate attempts, under any such plausible pretences.  Capn. 
I wish so much with all my heart. Neither did I ever admit such an idle imagination to enter my head: howsoever (by objecting the same to yourself) I deemed it very convenient that those their palpable fooleries, and treacherous pretences should thus be desplayed to all the world. But yet Sir, many men (notwithstanding) do confidently affirm that they had the warrant of an old statute law, against such a lawless enclosing or arable grounds converted to pasture.  Hydr. 
I do not deny, but that (for the necessary upholding of husbandry, as also against the apparent decaying of tillage) there have been sundry good penal statutes provided from time to time. First in the 
d Ann. 4. Henry 7.29. Ann. 7 Henry 8. i ann. Dom. 1515. An. 20. Henry 8.22. An. 27. Henry 8.22. Ann. 5. Elizabeth, 2. Ann. Dom. 1569. Ann. 27. Elizabeth, 1.10. Ann. 31 Elizabeth, 5. Ann. jaco. 1.1.  reign of Henry the seavent▪ the same also being further fortified by sundry other like godly statutes, in the reign of Henry the eight; with a fresh corroboration also thereof, at sundry other Parliaments since, in the flourishing reign of our late sovereign Lady Queen Elizabeth: yea and those also more fully confirmed since by the Kings most excellent Highness, at his very first entrance into this his kingdom. So as wise men may justly wonder that any one of those our 
e Isa. 3.15.  gripers and grinders of poor men's faces, should not be grossly ashamed to show their shameless faces, in but once daring either to uphold their old, or to adventure so boldly upon any other new enclosing of tillage, contrary to those the former most forcible statues, considering especially the grievous penalties imposed upon every such wilful transgression.  
But what? doth it follow thereof (thinkest thou) that (because for the needful upholding of tillage there are provided many good statutes,) therefore these disordered persons (for the better preservation of tillage) might (at their private pleasures) very boldly pull down whatsoever Enclosures against those the said statutes? Nothing less. And therefore, it was to no purpose at all for those persons to pretend so presumptuously the supposed timely supportation of those their disordered attempts from any those penal statutes, unless they could show in some one of those statutes, an apparent Proviso at least; that one master Need, master Mend-all, master Proud-mind the Plumber, master Small-braines the Shoemaker, master lustle-king the joiner, with the residue of that rafcabilian rebellious rout (so riotously marching under the conduct of Captain Pouch) had special privilege to disparke and disclose such lawless Enclosures even in an open despite of the owners themselves, as also, in a rebellious contempt of our gracious Sovereign.  Capn. 
Sir, I am certainly assured there is no such Proviso at all, in any one of those the forenamed statutes.  Hydr. 
Then am I also as certainly assured, that they did more than they might do by much. And so (for that their lawless usurpation of the Prince's sword contrary to Christ his commandment, who chargeth all private persons to put up the sword into his own place: because, whosoever in such sort usurpeth 
f Math. 26.52.  the sword, shall be sure to perish with the sword) they were therefore most justly suppressed by that the Prince his authentical sword, who 
g Rom. 13.4. Revel. 13.10.  bears not the same for nought, but is the subordinate minister of that immortal Prince who hath power to take an inevitable vengeance on such as do evil.  Capn. 
But Sir, seeing those kind of Enclosures, are so directly opposite to the good laws of our land, as I perceive by the former statutes they are: it seemeth strange to those disordered persons themselves, as also to their favourites of every sort, that such an hard hand should be carried against them, for but pulling down that which is so directly opposite to the law itself.  Hydr. 
Howsoever all those kinds of Enclosures which directly do tend to the hindrance of husbandry, and decay of tillage be undoubtedly opposite to those the established laws of our land, as I she wed thee before: yet had those disordered persons no one law of the land (in such riotous and rebellious sort) to pull down Enclosures; but rather the sharp laws of our land against every such disordered and unlawful attempt: as is apparently evident in 
h See Pultons' Abridgement of penal statutes: against riots, routs, & unlawful assemblies.  sundry good penal statutes provided against riots, routs, and unlawful assemblies. And therefore, no hard, but an heedful hand for public good, was so carried against them.  Capn. 
I must needs acknowledge so much as you say, if (indeed) there be any such sharp laws provided against those disordered actions: and therefore I beseech you set down some summary abridgement of those self same laws, as well for my further satisfaction herein, as also for a necessary caveat or watchword to all others hereafter, to beware how they deal afresh in any such disordered actions.  Hydr. 
With all my heart; and therefore, give ear to the words of those statutes as followeth thus: If 
i See the statute, primo Mar. 12. And the statute primo Elizabethae, 17.  any persons to the number of twelve or above, shall intend, go about, practice, or put in ure with force of arms unlawfully, and of their own authority, to overthrow, cut, break, cast down, or dig up the pales, hedges, ditches, or other the Enclosure of any park, or other ground enclosed; or the banks of a fishpond, or pool; or any Conduits for water, Conduict-heads, or Conduict-pipes having course of water; to the intent that any of the same from thenceforth should remain open, not enclosed, or void; or unlawfully to have common, or way in the said Park, or other ground enclosed, or in any of them; or to destroy the Dear in any Park; or any warren of Coneys, or any Dove houses; or any Fish in any Fishpond or Pool; or to pull, or cut down any houses, barns, mills, or bay, or to burn any stacks of corn; or to abate, or diminish the rents, or yearly value of any lands, or tenements, or the price of any victual, corn or grain, or any other things usual for the sustenance of men; and being required or commanded by any justice of Peace, or by the Sheriff of the County, or by the Mayor, Bailieffe or Bailieffes, or other head-officers of any City, or towne-corporate where such assemblies shall be had, by Proclamation to be made in the King's name, to return in peaceable manner to their places and houses from whence they came: and they or any of them (notwithstanding such Proclamation) shall remain and make their continuance together, by the space of one whole hour after such commandment or request made by Proclamation; or after that, shall (in forcible manner) do, or put in ure any of the things before mentioned: then as well every such continuing together, as every such Act, that (after such commandment, or request by Proclamation made) shall be done, practised, or put in ure by any persons being above the number of t●elue, shall be adjudged felony; and the offenders therein, shall be adjudged felons, and shall suffer only the execution of death, as in cases of felony. Lo here Capnistus, whether there be not a plain statute directly against such disordered and unlawful attempts: what sayest thou unto it?  Capn. 
In deed Sir, I do now perceive that the case is very clear against all such riots, routs, and unlawful assemblies for any the forenamed intents, by what persons soever attempted: and therefore, I dare not (in any sort) approve of the late unlawful enterprise of those disordered persons. And yet (had not some bad practices by sundry of lewd disposition) incensed and raised up the people of every Town thereabouts, for very shame to yield their present assistance to that unlawful enterprise; neither had the assembly itself been so mighty as it was, by many hundred folds; nor the primary attempters thereof (being but few in number before) never would, nor could have continued the disorder so long as they did: and therefore, themselves & their favourites think there should have been had a more respective pity upon the first actors thereof.  Hydr. 
Nay, not one whit. For as it was their own disorder first, which subjecteth their persons to such a sharp and bitter suppression: so surely, all those the incensers and raysers of others whosoever they be, they are (by the just sentence of law) made liable likewise to the self same punishment, as appeareth in those the forenamed statutes, telling them thus. If 
k See the statute primo Mar. 12. And the statute primo Elizabethae 17.  any person or persons unlawfully and without authority, by ringing of any bells, sounding of any trumpet, drum, horn, or other instrument, or by firing of any Beacon, or by malicious speaking, or uttering of any words, or making any outcry, or by setting up, or casting of any bill or writing abroad, or by any other act, shall raise, or cause to be raised, or assembled, any persons to the number of twelve or above; to the intent that they should do or put in ure any of the things above mentioned; and that the persons (to the number of twelve, or above) so raised and assembled after request, or commandment had, or given in form aforesaid, shall continue together as is aforesaid, or unlawfully, and in forcible manner shall commit, or put in ure any of the things aforesaid: then all and singular persons, by whose speaking, act, or any other means above specified, any persons to the number of twelve or above, shall be raised or assembled fo● the doing, or putting in ure any thing, or things above mentioned, sh●ll be adjudged for his so speaking or doing, a fellow, and shall suffer execution of death, as in case of felony. What sayest thou Capnistus, to these raisers of unlawful assemblies? doth such action of theirs either help themselves, or any way qualify the disordered enterprise of those other disordered persons?  Capn. 
Neither of both, if I myself understand the matter aright. But Sir, howsoever the concourse of people (in those their unlawful assemblies) was grown to a wonderful greatness: yet surely, had they not been exceedingly animated, encouraged, and hardened forwards in those their disordered enterprises by such as assisted them with meat, drink, money, and other like needful supplies, they neither would, nor could possibly have held out so long as they did: and therefore, so much the more to be pitied, as themselves and sundry others suppose.  Hydr. 
Not fo. And surely, even this which they say here, doth rather aggravate, then extenuate the act. For it plainly purporteth to all the world, that neither their love to God and the King; nor the conscionable obedience to his majesties laws, neither yet the terror of threatened death, but the only exceeding great want of some needful supply for the present, could possibly suppress the outrage of those their unruly attempts. And as for those their inconsiderate and rash releevers, it had been much better for every of them, to have left such unlawful assemblies succourless at six and seven, without yielding them succour at all, then (by the preposterous supply of those their preposterous wants) to procure their own present woes, in making themselves guilty likewise of those their justly deserved punishments: as by the former statutes is very apparent, telling them thus: If 
l See the statute, primo Mar. 12. And the statute primo Elizabethae, 17.  any wife, or servant of any of the same persons assembled, or any other person else whatsoever, shall willingly, and without compulsion bring, send, deliver, or convey any money, harness, artillery, weapon, meat, bread, drink, or other victual, to any person or persons so assembled as is aforesaid, during such time as her or they shall so be together: then every wife, servant, or other person so bringing, sending, delivering, or conveying any of the foresaid things to the same persons so assembled, or to any of them, and not departing to their dwelling places upon request or commandment made unto them as is aforesaid, shall be adjudged a Felon, and shall suffer only the execution of death as in cases of felony. These things exactly considered, what thinkest thou now of that former hard hand, so unjustly surmised, against themselves, their abettors, procurers, and counsellors; as also, their assistants, aiders, and comforters: were they not very well worthy of whatsoever hard measure befell them?  Capn. 
I must needs acknowledge the same from my heart. Although yet, they themselves, and their fantastical favourites so covertly seem to impose some imputation of blame upon those his majesties justices who were next to the places where they so assembled themselves: because they no sooner suppressed the outrage, or ever it came to such a strong head; as also, for that they then carried so hard an hand in suppressing the same as they did.  Hydr. 
Oh horrible ingratitude of base minded monsters! that would so outrageously procure their own hurt, and then thus unhonestly go about to impose the blame thereof upon those his majesties justices, whom rather they ought to reverence and love all the days of their life, in an only regard of that their exceeding great lenity, and Christian care to restrain their said excessive outrage, with none or as little spilling of blood as possibly might be. For, did not those his majesties justices from time to time (by all gentle and loving allurements) very earnestly labour their peaceable and quiet departures in every place? Did they not rather adventure the hazard of 
m See Pulton in the title of Riots etc. sect. 5.  an hundred pounds apiece in regard of their kind and godly forbearance a while, then that they would set too fiercely upon them at first? And (having solemnly published his majesties late Proclamation in every open market) did they not even then also intimate eftsoons his majesties further pleasure concerning their speedy suppressing by force and arms, if none other means else would serve the turn? Yea and (which more is by much) did they not (with often entreaties, again and again) persuade them to a peaceable departure, or ever they published the appointed Proclamation against their outrageous disorders, or did once endeavour to put the severity of his majesties power in practice upon them?  Capn. 
What Proclamation I pray you was that?  Hydr. 
The same which is authentically put down among those forenamed statutes in this following order: First his majesties justices caused to be openly made an Oyes: & then afterwards was deliberately pronounced these following words, or the like in effect: 
n The form of the Proclamation. See Pulton.  The King our sovereign Lord chargeth and commandeth all persons assembled, immediately to disperse themselves, and peaceably to depart to their habitations, or to their lawful business, upon the pain contained in the Act lately made against unlawful and riotous assemblies. And God save the King.  Capn. 
And was this Proclamation then published accordingly?  Hydr. 
That was it, I assure thee, and a full respite given them withal, for their peaceable departures, with like vehement persuasions thereunto as before. And (which more is) did not his majesties said justices, upon the very day of the skirmish itself (for the former part of the day) both train and march their soldiers very near the place of that their unlawful assembly, of very purpose, to strike an impression of fear in their hearts, to further their present departures? Did they not moreover send sundry messengers of purpose unto them to persuade that matter by all possible means? Did not some of his majesties justices solicit them sundry times on their knees with tears? Yea did not the right worshipful Sir Anthony Mild-may (with hat in hand) very earnestly entreat the same, or that (at the least) they would desist from their purpose for five, or six days, till they might know his majesties further pleasure? yea and (which is most to be wondered at) did not the said justices before the skirmish began (in an exceeding great care of sparing their blood) give secret direction to the whole company of shot, for discharging the first volley of shot but idly upon them, in hope that the sudden fear of the said shot, would make them the sooner depart the field?  Capn. 
But Sir, what effect did all this take among them, I pray you?  Hydr. 
All the premises were so far off from working their timely departure, as they were rather more desperately emboldened in that their rebellious attempt. For not only they cast up their caps with a wonderful shout, crying, Again, again, come better, come better: but they endeavoured also with stones, and other bad means, to drive the said justices, with his majesties power from out of the fields. Which their said in satiable outrage did then enforce a sharper fresh charge and onset upon them; whereof (I suppose) they were very well worthy. Tell me now Capnistus: was this an hard hand against them, or no?  Capn. 
Surely Sir, if all this be certainly true, I must needs confess they were very well worthy of whatsoever hard measure befell them either then, or at any time since, Although yet their favourites, and such as applaud the enterprise, they say their intent was only for public good: yea and they work also itself (namely, the casting down of such unlawful Enclosure) was simply and in it own nature, a very good work.  Hydr. 
First, for the truth of the matter, let those parties themselves undertake to contradict the same in any one point, if they possibly can. Next, for thei● good intent: who can certainly say what good intent they had in themselves, save only that God who is 
o 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Psal. 17.9.  card●ognostes, the searcher (I mean) of the heart and the reins? But be it, their intention therein was fully so good as themselves and their senseless favourites do seem to surmise: can the goodness of any man's intention, make good an unlawful action? I suppose no: because it is not enough for a man to do what which in itself is simply good and just, unless the same also be justly effected. And whereas they account such casting down of Enclosures a very good work, they do therein declare themselves, either such as cannot 
p jonah. 4.11.  evenly discern between the right hand and the left, and therefore utterly unable to distinguish sound between good and evil: or such impudent wretches at least, as are not ashamed of sin, nor yet care for honesty in any respect. But (being grown to a desperate impiety) do 
q Pro. 17.15. and 24.24. Isa. 5.20.23.  speak good of evil, and evil of good; putting darkness for light, and light for darkness, holding bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter: and therefore a fearful woe with a vengeance, is denounced against them. For may that be a good work (thinkest thou) which was so wilfully wrought with the 
r Wisd. 6.3. Rom. 13.2.3. Tit. 3.1. 2 Pet. 2.13.  wronging of others; with open contempt of public authority, & with an obstinate rebellion against God, and his majesties highness?  Capn. 
Sir, those men (commending the goodness of that work) do mean (as I verily imagine) the only matter itself, that is, the only disparking of such lawless Enclosures: and not any such a disordered manner of casting Enclosures down.  Hydr. 
Then surely, howsoever the matter (the disparking of Enclosures I mean) be simply good in itself, their manner of casting Enclosures down (by their own confession) was simply evil; and so the very work itself, which was thus outrageously, and without authority performed by them, deserves not the name of any good work. But be it here supposed, their action was simply lawful: and now tell me withal what makes them to think that the casting down of Enclosures should (in it own self) be simply good?  Capn. 
Because then (say they) such converting of pasture to arable ground, must necessarily tend to the mightier augmentation of tillage: and so consequently to the public good of our country.  Hydr. 
As though the owners of such pasture grounds were more necessarily constrained to plough up their said grounds being so disparked, then at any time before when they were hedged in. But suppose those said grounds were all converted to tillage; how are they able to prove, that the augmentation of tillage doth undoubtedly tend to the public good of our country?  Capn. 
Because (say they) the augmentation of tillage would procure more plenty of corn by much; the great plenty of corn would presently pull down the excessive prices of corn: & the excessive prices of corn being brought once to a very low rate, than the Artificer, the Tradesman, and poor labouring people might more merrily live by much. For was it not a merry world (say they) when a man might buy barley and pease for four pence the bushel, malt for five, rye for six, and wheat for seven or eight at the most?  Hydr. 
In deed, those our beastly bellie-gods who live only to eat, but not eat to live, they reason even so for all the world, saying thus: Oh sir! was it not 
f jer. 44.17.  a merry world (I pray you) when a poor man might buy twenty four eggs for a penny? Or as those our tippling Tobacconists do now say one to another: Ah sirrah, how sayest thou (my heart) was it not a merry world (thinkest thou) when good fellows might have four gallons of good-ale for an halfpenny? And thus, these our poor malt worms they measure the public good of our country by their own proper bellies, and so determine the matter and means of maintenance (thou mayst see) as if the welfare of countries and kingdoms consisted wholly in gormandizing and gulling in of meats and drinks, and in an only fragging and pampering of poor men's bellies, though it were with the filching and pining of all other besides themselves. Yea surely, these our tippling Tobacconists they measure the welfare of men in the world, as the common drunkard useth to size the fatietie of such as sit with him at table, by the only placing of all the good-ale pots plum under his own proper nose, saying thus to the rest: Sirs, set up your pots hither I pray you, that every man may the more easily reach them. As though he himself were every man, or as if (because the said pots be now within the reach of his own proper nose) it may be 
t Videre licet, gustare non licet.  enough for the rest to see them, or to live by their only smell, without any tasting at all. Even such is our tippling Tobacconists care (thou mayst see) for public good. Although yet, I will not deny, but that this which they thus babble abroad, might have in it some better resemblance of truth, if in (very deed) the welfare of kingdoms consisted alone in the exceeding great plenty of corn, and in an only superfluous support of the poorer sort. And therefore (for a further manifestation of this one matter now in question) let us here first consider upon what kind of people the welfare of countries and kingdoms doth chiefly consist: and then next, whether the low prices of corn would be the only best means for the better upholding of that kind of people.  Capn. 
Upon what kind of people, I pray you, doth the welfare of countries and kingdoms chiefly consist?  Hydr. 
Upon that self-same kind (I verily suppose) which best maintaineth the whole, or greatest multitude of men in the kingdom. For sith the 
u Pro. 14.28.  honour of a King is immovably settled upon the multitude of Subjects, and that (for want of such Subjects) the Prince himself must necessarily come (in success of time) to an inevitable desolation and spoil: who seeth not now, but that the happy estate of kings, of kingdoms, and countries must consequently arise from that sort especially, whereby the greatest multitude of true hearted Subjects is most surely maintained? But that sort (all men know by daily experience) is the yeomanry or Husbandry of countries and kingdoms: because by it are Kings supported; by it, are Princes and Nobles sustained; by it, all artificers, tradesmen, and poor labouring people are preserved from famine. For tell me, I pray thee Capnistus, from whom especially do Kings receive their subsidies, their fifteens, their taxes, and yearly provisions for any their domestical or public affairs, but principally, or collaterally from poor husbandman? From whom do the poor, the Nobles, and Gentry of countries or kingdoms possess their annual rents, their ancient revenues, their incomes and fines, their booning and ordinary carriages, but primarily from out of poor husbandmen's purses? From whose only endeavours and labours do all Artificers. Tradesmen, and poor labouring people enjoy their bread-corn, and mault-corne, but only, and altogether from the poor husbandman's plough?  Capn. 
That is certainly so: and thereupon they boldly conclude without all contradiction, that the augmentation of tillage would yield a further complement to all those the former supplies.  Hydr. 
Very well. Now than we are consequently come to consider more especially of that our second propounded point. Namely (for that the surest supportation of all estates in a country or kingdom doth primarily consist in the ordinary upholding of husbandmen) whether therefore the augmentation of tillage (all other things continuing still in their ordinary course) would become the only best ordinary means to maintain that one only state itself in such solid condition, as that thereby also all other estates beside are the more surely supported from time to time? My meaning is this, whether (all other things else continuing still their ordinary accustomed rate) the only augmentation of tillage must be adjudged the best means of all to maintain and uphold the husbandman's happy estate?  Capn. 
Surely Sir, they do all jointly imagine it would be so.  Hydr. 
Their uncertain imaginations, they are no certain conclusions. And therefore, do speak directly to the question propounded: by giving some certain demonstration of that their uncertain imagination.  Capn. 
They take in hand to demonstrate the matter thus. By the augmentation of tillage (say they) there might be maintained in England, as many more husbandmen as there are at this present. And so the greater multitude of husbandmen, the greater abundance of corn; and the greater abundance of corn, the better cheap it would be by much.  Hydr. 
They show themselves to be men of shallow conceits: because such an augmentation of husbandry, would directly become an augmentation of beggary. For if a poor husbandman may now very hardly uphold his present husbandry, when corn is presently worth some two shillings sixpences at least: how should he be able to uphold the same in any good sort, when the price of corn is but sixpences the bushel at most?  Capn. 
That might be very well done, say they: because for every bushel he hath at this present, he should then be sure to have full four at the least.  Hydr. 
They have no certain assurance of such a proportion: because the increase of their labours consisteth not 
x 1 Cor. 3 6.7.  in any their own proper planting, but in the only good blessing of God. But be it supposed, the increase it were certainly such as they say; and yet even then also a man may plainly perceive, that (according to this their propounded proportion) the poor husbandman's state should even now become worse than it was before, by sixpences at least in every bushel. For if he might usually sell his one bushel before for two shillings sixpences at least, and now (that corn is so cheap) can sell those his four bushels but for bare two shillings at most, is not the poor husbandman's state impoverished, rather than bettered, by this their augmentation of tillage, notwithstanding any the exceeding great plenty of corn? Now then, if the abundance of corn (arising from that their former augmentation of tillage) be brought once to such a low price, as (albeit the poor husbandman had now four bushels at least for every one bushel before: how shall he be able (in such an impoverished estate) to discharge his annual rents, to perform his servants wages, to provide plough and plough-geares, cart and cart-geares, at such an excessive reckoning, to defray his domestical charges, and uphold his husbandry also, without the utter impoverishing of his present estate?  Capn. 
Very true. But then the rents of Farms would be brought to some low reckoning they say: and so should the husbandman be somewhat eased thereby.  Hydr. 
How should the rents of Farms be brought to a lower reckoning, when the greatest number of Farms are leassed forth for some ten, twenty, yea forty years yet to come, with a strict covenant for such an excessive rent, during the whole remainder of years? Those our husbandmen therefore being thus shrewdly impoverished through the small prices of corn, and no way eased of those their excessive rents, neither yet any thing bettered by the abundance of corn: who seeth not, but that such an augmentation of tillage, would become the undoubted diminution of the poor husbandman's estate?  Capn. 
The King's Majesty might be moved (they hope) to mitigate those their excessive rents in such reasonable sort, as the poor husbandman may be able to live well of his Farm.  Hydr. 
Yea, but sith the leasing forth of lands is allowed by positive laws, and for that many of our noblemen's and gentlemen's lands are already so leased forth: the King's Majesty (governing the whole kingdom by those his positive laws) he will not so far forth intermeddle with those Noblemen, and gentlemen's private possessions, unless such an extraordinary course did necessarily tend to a more public good, than these our preposterous platformers are yet able to demonstrate unto him, by any one probable reason. Besides that, as the head must (by no means) go about to strengthen the legs and the feet, by enfeebling the shoulders and arms; for that would bring hurt to the whole body itself: no more may his excellent Highness (for the only support of inferior subjects) so weaken the good estate of his Nobles and Gentlemen, (who are the very shoulders and arms of his kingdom) as they shall not be able to yield him their public assistance in time of need. For must not our Nobles and Gentlemen, of necessity be maintained by their yearly revenues and rents? But this could not now be possibly done, if those their annual rents and revenues were brought to such an abatement as these our base-minded platformers propound to themselves. And therefore (all other things else continuing still in such sort as they presently do) I cannot perceive (I assure thee) how the poor husbandman's state should not rather be hindered, t●●n helped by this their preposterous augmentation of tillage.  Capn. 
But, if husbandmen (say they) were wise, upon the clause of réentrie contained in their lease, they would (by one uniform consent) make presently a forfeiture of all their old leases, for the none-payment of those their excessive rents: and so suffer their landlords to réenter upon their farms.  Hydr. 
A very proper device to impoverish themselves, and to procure a present great hurt to our public good: because (by this means) that their supposed great multitude of Farmers should rather be decreased, than any thing increased at all. Moreover, what would then become of that their augmentation of tillage which they so eagerly pursue, if all Farmers should so foolishly forfeit their leases? But (to show them their folly more plain) be it supposed a great number of Farms were so fallen, and left for a while in the landlords hands, what issue (thinkest thou) might follow thereof for public good?  Capn. 
This good (say they) would follow thereof: Namely, by that time those insatiable landlords had held such forfeited Farms in their own occupation but seven years together, they would be right glad to let them afresh at a far easier reckoning.  Hydr. 
As though (if the Farmer did good on such a Farm, notwithstanding his former excessive rent) the landlord sitting rentfree, and thoroughly occupying that self-same Farm, might not do much more good thereof then did the Farmer before him: yea and so perhaps (beginning a little to feel the sweetness of gain) will not hereafter lease forth the said Farm any more, but still hold the same in his own occupation. How then? Where are now become the great multitude of Farmers which these our foolish platformers do idly dream of by this their augmentation of tillage? But be it supposed those landlords so holding those forfeited Farms in their own hands for seven years together, would quickly wax weary, and so be right glad to lease them afresh at a more reasonable reckoning: how then? what (in the mean time) thinkest thou are husbandmen bettered? or how is husbandry itself any better held up by this their idle augmentation of tillage, when (by reason of the low prices of corn, and such excessive great rents) the poor husbandman himself is enforced to forsake his Farm for seven years together, in hope of an easier rent: and in all the mean while both he and all his fit pilling of straws by the fire side? When in the mean while all tillage decayeth; the old store of corn is quite consumed; the Nobles and Gentlemen are mightily impoverished for want of their usual rents; and poor men are famished for lack of food? Is this the public good we are to expect from that their former augmentation of tillage? But, be it supposed again, that the poor husbandmen might now have those their said Farms at twenty nobles rend by the year, for which they paid yearly some twenty pounds at the least before: would those husbandmen's state become any thing better now by this abatement of rent, than it formerly was when they paid twenty pounds yearly at lest?  Capn. 
What one wise man (say they) would make any question thereof?  Hydr. 
That would I mine own self, I assure thee, not without great probability of reason also: and therefore, do heartily desire thine own self, as also those our disordered Tobacconists, that you would herein permit me to 
y 2. Cor. 11.19.  play the fool for a while; because you yourselves are so wonderful wise in your proper conceits. And (for a further demonstration hereof) let it here be supposed again, that the poor husbandman (when he sat upon twenty pounds rend before) by his good husbandry grew yearly some threescore quarters of corn; and that now (paying but twenty nobles a year) he doth one year with another reap some twelve score quarters of corn at the least; which (thou mayest not deny) were a wonderful odds: yet surely (so long as all other things else do hold their accustomed rate) thou mayest plainly perceive (even by that self same proportion which themselves have made) that the poor husbandman's state (notwithstanding the former abatement of rents, and great abundance of corn) is far worse now than it was before when he paid a far greater rent, and grew not so much corn by four times double at least. For first, if we rate his threescore quarters of corn but at threescore pounds, after two shillings sixpences the bushel, who seeth not plainly but that (deducting twenty pounds from the same for his twenty pounds rend) he hath still remaining forty pounds to himself, for the timely discharge of his other domestical expenses, as also the orderly upholding of that his said husbandry? Perceivest thou this Capnistus?  Capn. 
He were worthy to be crowned a coxcomb, that cannot perceive the same?  Hydr. 
Go to then, let us now likewise observe that their former proportion also in their abundance of corn, and abatement of rents, by rating their tweluescore quarters of corn, at their own wished price, namely, at five pence the bushel, that is, three shillings fourpences the quarter; and so, our total sum for the tweluescore quarters amounts but to forty pounds. From this now deduct his twenty nobles rend (which is their desired abatement) and so hath he left to himself but forty marks at the most, to defray his domestical charges and uphold his said husbandry. Is not herein his estate made worse than it was before by twenty marks yearly at least, notwithstanding his former twenty pounds rend, and the small quantity of corn, in comparison of his tweluescore quarters now? So then, this his impoverished state being sound considered, as also, the excessive charges of all other things being still considered; how shall this poor husbandman be able (thinkest thou) to uphold his said husbandry, to maintain his own house, to pay servants their wages, to bring up his children, to perform to the King's Majesty his ordinary subsidies, fifteens, taxes, provision, and such other extraordinary payments, without the utter subversion of himself, and his happy estate?  Capn. 
Good Sir, your observations herein they are, I assure you, very probable, neither do I perceive how the poor husbandman's state should possibly (in such an abatement of the prices of corn) be bettered one penny by the augmentation of tillage: unless all other things else that belong to his husbandry, were likewise abated in price.  Hydr. 
Thou conceivest the matter aright. For whereas in former times (when corn was sold for five pence a bushel) the poor husbandman paid for a good new cart but one noble at most: now he payeth four nobles at least for the like. Then he might buy him a plough ready made for fourteen pence; now it will stand him in fourteen groats at the least. Then he might provide him his yron-workes for three farthings the pound: now he must pay three pence halfpenny for every pound at the least. Then he might have a whitleather hide for one shilling at most: now he payeth five shillings four pence at least. Then he might have had an acre of grass both mown and made to his hands for two groats, or ten-pences at most: now he must give two shillings six pence at least, and not have it so well done by the half. Then might he hire a very good manservant for twenty groats wages: now can he not have any so good for twice forty shillings at least. Then might he purchase a very good yard of full brode-cloath for three shillings four pence at most: now he must pay some fourteen shillings four pence at least, for the like, Then he might have had a good pair of Shoes for six pence: now can he not have the like for two shillings six pence at least, and so for the rest. These things therefore being sound considered, how should the poor husbandmands state be bettered one pin, by abating the prices of corn through that their preposterous augmentation of tillage, so long as all other things, else do contive still in that their former excessive reckoning?  Capn. 
Sir, I am full of your mind concerning this. But so long as corn say they, is at such an excessive reckoning, all other things else must needs be dear; whereas the small prices of corn will bring all other commodities to their former low rate.  Hydr. 
Alas good Capnistus, it should seem that these our disordered reformers do either dotingly dream of some dry harvest after Michaelmas moon when corn is clean gathered into poor husbandmen's barns: or that else their wild wits do rovingly run a woolgathering, after the sheepe-maisters flocks are all shorn. For, tell me (I pray thee) which ways a Wheele-wright should any way possibly afford an exceeding good cart for twenty groats now, as in former ages, and pay for the very timber thereof some sixteen shillings himself? Or how a Tanner may well forego a good bend of soaling leather for eightpence now, as in former days: and pay four marks a load for his bark at the least? or how the Shoemaker should sell a good pair of shoes for six pence now, as in former seasons: and himself pay twenty pence full, for the leather thereof at the least? Or how the joiner should yield a very good cupboard for four shillings now, as in former times: when the very timber thereof doth stand him in twenty shillings at least? Or how a good manservant should be able to serve for twenty groats wages now, as before: and pay ten-groat's thereof, for one pair of high-buckled shoes? and so forth for all the rest. These things therefore being sound considered, let all those our tippling Tobacconists which so eagerly affect the former low prices of corn, first devise which ways to reduce the ordinary traffic of all other commodities else to their pristinate state: and then urge (as they now very idly do) the pristinate prices of corn. Or (if that will be thought a matter impossible) let them (at the least) begin this their preposterous reformation first in themselves: and then see how thick & threefold all other sorts of people will follow their footsteps. My meaning is this. Let justle-king the joiner afford so good a cupboard for four shillings now, as other men sell for four nobles before his face; let Proud-mind the Plumber forego so good a brewing-lead for four shillings now, as other men sell for sixteen shillings at least: let Small-braines the Shoemaker not take above six pence now for so good a pair of shoes as others do sell for two shillings sixpence: briefly, let Lithersbie the Loiterer not take now above ten pence for mowing and making an acre of grass, howsoever all other poor painful labourers do take two shillings six pence for doing the like: and then see how the abatement of rents, and low prices of corn will follow thereof.  Capn. 
What Sir? they will never be brought to such an abatement in any their trades (they say) do the Prince what he please. For, (besides that such a fond course would work nothing at all towards the public good) they should thereby be sure to impoverish themselves.  Hydr. 
And why then should the Prince (at any their preposterous beck) be pleased to procure the Peers of his kingdom, the Nobility, Gentry, Yeomanrie & poor Husbandmen to be brought unto such an excessive abatement of rents, and prices of corn: sith (besides that the same would become no furtherance at all towards public good, all other things else considered) they should thereby but impair their proper estates? Thus then, thou mayst plainly perceive by the premises, what manner of reformation it is, that these our disordered fellows do 
z 2 King. 9.20.  so furiously drive at, as if they were mad; namely, at the preposterous pranking up of their private estates, without giving regard to the public good of our country and kingdom: not caring one whit (so themselves may stretch out their insatiable guts with bread, ale, and beer) though the whole Peers of our kingdom, the Nobility, the Gentry, the yeomanry, the Husbandry, yea and (by consequent) our good King himself, come all to present confusion: such a public good (thou seest) must necessarily ensue of this their preposterous augmentation of tillage.  Capn. 
Me think Sir, you speak probably herein, and to very great purpose. But yet, those our monstrous malcontents they have still a mighty imagination among themselves, that such augmentation of tillage would undoubtedly tend to a public good.  Hydr. 
So might it do, I confess, if the poor husbandman's state were not hindered, but helped also thereby: otherways not. But tell me (I pray thee) what the abundance of corn would be better for him, all the while such an abatement in the prices of corn did drink up his gain? As also, which way would the abundance of corn make the Artificers and Tradesmen become the wealthier one groat than they were at the first, if corn (notwithstanding the abundance thereof) continue still at the accustomed price? It is not therefore the abundance of corn, but an excessive abatement in the prices of corn, that these men do make the only shot-anker of all their hope. And very certain I am, that (so themselves might buy bread-corn and mault-corne fox six pence a bushel) they would never thus disorderly prate, and practice for the augmentation of tillage: though there were less corn in the land then (God be blessed) there is, by ten hundred thousand quarters at least. By all this it is apparently evident, that then the augmentation of tillage doth undoubtedly tend to a public good, when not only some one or two sorts of people are thereby helped, and the poor husbandman especially is not therewith hundred at all. Otherwise the partial supportation of some few alone, with the fearful suppression of sundry beside, were very preposterous. For even as in our natural bodies, when the sustenance thereof is sound concocted, and proportionably dispersed throughout for convenient nutriment to each several part, than the whole body itself is universally upheld and continued in a very good state; whereas, if that the said nutriment should be wholly exhausted by some three or four members, with an utter deprivation of nutriment from the rest of the members beside, then surely, that self same body would not only grow out of order in itself, having some three or four members thereof puffed up until they be ready to burst, and all the rest made as lean as a rake; but beside, there would follow (in continuance of time) a final confusion of all the whole body: So surely, in the body of our Commonwealth, when the whole commodities thereof are aptly employed, and proportionably disposed for the more convenient welfare, and public good to each several member thereof, than the whole body of Commonwealth is universally upheld, & continued in an happy estate. Whereas, if the commodities of our country were wholly sucked up by some three or four sorts of subjects, to the pitiful impoverishing of all ●he rest: then without question, the whole body of our Commonwealth could not long continue in good estate. Because some would be ready to burst with abundance, while many other beside, do even woorne away with their wants, to the final confusion of the whole State itself in a very short time, without some timely redress. And therefore, howsoever such abundance of corn, might undoubtedly become exceeding commodious to some three or four Monopolian Merchants, who (by transporting the same (at such a slender reckoning) into all foreign parts with an excessive great gain, would grow (in a very short time) so abundantly rich as if they were ready to burst. Or howsoever such an excessive abatement in the ordinary prices of corn, might be singular good for Artificers & Tradesmen, and poor labouring persons, who (buying corn now for nothing, and selling their commodities and ordinary labours as excessively dear as ever before) might (in very short space) attain to a wonderful wealth: yet without doubt, the poor husbandman's state (by whose only industrious labours all other estates are hourly upholden) it being greatly impoverished by the small prices of corn, and mightily oppressed through the excessive rating of all other commodities else; I cannot possibly perceive how this their augmentation of ●illage should in any sort be helpful, but every way hurtful to him.  Capn. 
Oh yes Sir. For if there were once a far greater augmentation of tillage obtained, than every husbandman (say they) should hold (in his proper occupation) twice so much land as he held before.  Hydr. 
And what then, I pray thee? Would not the small prices of corn (in such an hourly excess of all other things else) become a very shrewd cooling card to that his great store of tillage, he having thereby, as much more toil imposed upon him, with a far less commodity than he usually reaped before? For tell me, I pray thee, whether it be the great store of tillage, or the well manuring of tillage that breedeth abundance of corn? Hath not some excellent husband as much corn of one acre, as some have of two or three? Be it therefore supposed that a poor husbandman, having in his occupation before, but bore forty acres of arable land, did yearly grow thereof some forty quarters of corn at the least: whereas now (when he hath some forty acres more annexed to his Farm) he hardly groweth forty quarters of corn at the most. How much (thinkest thou) is this poor husbandman's state advanced by this their augmentation of tillage? May he not boldly put up the whole gain of his geting in his eye, & yet see never the worse? Is he not properly promoted by tillage, being thereby surcharged now with a two fold toil, for a bare single increase of corn? Is not his great abundance of arable ground (through some lack of good order) grown now so far out of order and heart, as it will either yield him but little, or no burden at all? His charge of housekeeping, of household servants, of horses, of carts, of ploughs, with other odd implements, is mightily increased: and the great gain of those his daily endeavours, and industrious labours, as deeply decreased. How then is this poor husbandman's estate made any thing the better, by that their augmentation of tillage?  Capn. 
Sir, he must procure him abundance of sheep (they say) to amend his barren land by the often folding thereof: and withal, he must get him a great company of beasts to breed him good store of compose, and thereby better his barren grounds by manuring of the same to the full.  Hydr. 
This, (indeed) is something they say. But yet now (when the small prices of corn have so mightily impoverished the poor man's purse, as he is hardly able to buy him clothes to his back) where is the means (thinkest thou) that should compass those cattle? Corn he hath none to sell: and many quarters of grain would not buy him half a quarter of a flock to fold his said barren ground. Or, be it supposed the man had money good store to buy those beasts: where is the most convenient place for their walk? or wherewithal shall he pasture those cattle, when all his Enclosures and other laie-grounds are quite converted to tillage? Before this augmentation of tillage, a poor man might very well raise his whole rent from out his Fallow-fields, those fields affording him great store of grazing to pasture his sheep: but when all his gras-grounds are turned to tillage, that hope of gain is grown out of use; and he may haply reap from his Fallow-fields now, some three or four loads of thistles to recompense his pains in ploughing the same. For, consider Capnistus and mark it well, are there not (at this present) in every Champion field, some ten, twelve, yea twenty hundred acres of laie-grounds at least, which being (as it appeareth) in former times made arable land, were all of them left lay by poor husbandmen, some two hundred years past or more. What was the main cause (thinkest thou) that our forefathers (in former times) did make such a mighty decay of tillage?  Capn. 
Surely Sir, either it was so because those poor husbandmen than could make no benefit at all by upholding of tillage, corn being brought at that time to such a low price, and all other things else at an excessive reckoning: or for that those husbandmen wanted both grass and hay for their cattle, and were therefore enforced for very great need, to convert their tillage again into pasturing grounds.  Hydr. 
Thou speakest aright: and therewithal dost fully conclude even this our disordered persons proper dispute in a circular motion: not unlike to the circular paces of a maultmil horse. For, mark here I pray thee, the manner of this their preposterous prate. We must have (forsooth) an augmentation of tillage, by converting all ancient Enclosures and pasture-grounds into arable land, for the speedy abating of these excessive prices of corn: and then (when corn is once come to so low a reckoning as the poor husbandman is not able to live of his plough) we must forthwith turn the greatest part of our tillage again into pasturing grounds, for the necessary increase of grass and hay for our cattle. Tell me Capnistus, whether these their changeable courses, be not (in very deed) to make and mar, to do and undo, because the day is our own till night. Yea tell me, I pray thee: whether this be not a proper roving dispute of these our roundabout Robins, as if they were hunting the wild-goose chase? A man (without question) might quickly purse up whole poake-fuls of wit, if he would but follow a while all these their extravagant courses, and wandering vagaries: and (in the end) be enforced to bring them backwards again by the nose, to let them then see (if they would not be wilfully blind) that the poor husbandman (so long as all other things else do still continue their excessive reckonings) is rather hindered, then helped by this their augmentation of tillage.  Capn. 
But Sir, do you hold in good earnest, that such an augmentation of tillage would bring some hindrance now to our Commonwealth?  Hydr. 
Perceiving not hitherto, any reason at all to the contrary, I undoubtedly do, and may very confidently hold this one special point: Namely, that such a preposterous augmentation of tillage as these our polypragmat●call spirits do now so fiercely pursue, would rather be hurtful, then helpful to the poor husbandman's present estate: so long especially as all other things else do thus continue (as we see) at such an excessive reckoning as I showed thee, and thou thyself hath confessed before. Besides that, these our beastly 
a P●il. 9.19.  bellie-gods who babble so inconsiderately (I might say so baldly) about the abundance of corn, without due consideration or further regard of any other as needful commodities for public good, they grossly imagine (as it seems by their courses) that each Commonwealth is sufficiently upheld in an happy estate, all the while they have plenty of bread and beer. But tell me (I pray thee Capnistus) are not good dearies as convenient every way for every housekeeper, as is plenty of corn? May butter and cheese, may milk and milke-meates by miss wholly in husbandmen's houses? What one family at all throughout the whole country, may well be maintained without butter and cheese? What pretty young brats may possibly be bred, or brought up without milk? What flesh-meates may fitly be roasted? what light stuff may sound b● baked? what minced meats, what carrots, what parsnip, what other ●ates else may be buttered, where poor housekeepers can have no butter at all?  Capn. 
Good Sir, this is even certainly so as you say.  Hydr. 
Very well. Hereupon then let these our tippling Tobacconists tell thee with the best wits they have in their head, how those poor housekeepers may possibly compass such store of milk, butter, & cheese without keeping milk-cows; how milk-cows may be maintained and kept without convenient pasturing; and where such convenient pasturing may possibly be had, when all Enclosures and pasture grounds are so preposterously converted to tillage?  Capn. 
In deed Sir, as I (for my own part) do hold it impossible for husbandmen to have good dearies but by keeping milk-cows: so is it hard for them to keep milk-cows at all, where Enclosures and pasture grounds are so preposterously converted to tillage. But yet (say they) this their augmentation of tillage would bring abundance of corn: and so poor husbandmen (having abundance of corn) might keep (if need were) their milk-cows with corn.  Hydr. 
I told thee even now (and thou couldst not deny) that it is not the abundance of tillage, but the well manuring of tillage which breedeth abundance of corn. But be it here granted, that the abundance of tillage would undoubtedly bring them abundance of corn; what then? How would the excessive prices of corn be any whit abated thereby, all the while that self same abundance is quite consumed with keeping of cattle? And this their abundance of corn being that way consumed quite, how then shall the Artificers, the Tradesmen, and poor labouring people's estates be any way bettered at all by such abundance of corn, if corn (being so consumed) did still continue their excessive great prices? By all which thou mayest plainly perceive, that even this their preposterous augmentation of tillage, it would either procure a present diminution of dearies, and so that way become very dangerous to the public good of our country: or (if such an augmentation should maintain good dearies by keeping milk-cows with corn) that then the said Artificers, Tradesmen, and poor labouring people their estates could not be bettered at all, by any their supposed abatement of the excessive prices of corn.  Capn. 
Surely, the one or the other would follow thereof. And therefore Sir, these men's preposterous augmentation of tillage it doth but endanger their own proper persons, without bettering their own, or the poor husbandman's state at all.  Hydr. 
Very true. But (for further demonstration hereof) be it again supposed that such an augmentation of tillage would both breed an abundance of corn, and bring down also the prices of corn; what then? When these our insatiable suckers of filthy fume have even fragged their bellies with bread and beer to the full, would they then be content (thinkest thou) with their present estates? It is a common speech (I confess) among those our ordinary Ale-knights, that such nippitatie new liquor will serve very well for meat, drink, and cloth, if it be sound taken in a cold frosty morning next a man's heart. But (howsoever their tongues run round when they are met on their alebench) can they and their families live without flesh-meat, or the offals thereof at the least? Do thou ask them (I pray thee) whether there may be an excessive abatement of beeves and muttons in England without the present impairing of our public good? May the ordinary provision of flesh in any our markets, be much less than it is any market day, without wonderful hurt to the country in sundry respects? Are not beasts hides, sheepskins, with such other pelts else (notwithstanding our daily, & our ordinary slaughter of beeves and muttons) even little enough in every country? Doth not the great scarcity of hides and skins make leather and shoes, with liquor for leather, and tallow for candle, excessively dear? Now then, those our Artificers ' and Tradesmen, who keep such a cumbersome coil for corn (having once corn to their own content) let them then tell me in sadness, whether themselves▪ and the fulke of their families, are able to live long without any meat; to run, or ride without boots; to go or walk without shoes, to work day and night without any candle, or to dispatch (in any good so●t) the most of their ordinary trades without much tallow, and great store of kitchen stuff compounded therewith? But how should they have flesh-meat to eat, store of leather for boots and shoes, tallow for candle, or kitchen-stuff at all for any their needful affairs, without an exceeding great breed of beeves and muttons? And how should such an exceeding great breed of beeves and muttons be possibly bred and maintained, without very great store of Enclosures and pasturing grounds? And where must such store of pasturing grounds be got (thinkest thou) if all Enclosures were preposterously turned to tillage?  Capn. 
The certainty of your speech is such, as I am not able to contradict.  Hydr. 
Besides all this, when these our disordered persons have (by much augmentation of tillage) even crammed their bellies with bread and beer till they be ready to burst: must they not likewise have clothes for their own, and their families backs? But can they possibly make webs of cloth without any wool? Or can they have wool to web, but by breeding abundance of sheep? Or can such abundance of sheep be bred without many Enclosures, and much pasturing grounds? But where may many Enclosures, and pasturing grounds be got, when all our Enclosures are preposterously turned to tillage?  Capn. 
Surely Sir, these your apparent demonstrations of policy they are held in as high admiration with me, as were (in times past) the sundry Oracles from Apollo Pythius at Delphos. Howbeit, many others do hold, and myself have heard some Preachers avouch in public place, that this only great breed and pasturing of sheep, is the most grievous bane and spoil of our land. The silly poor sheep (say they) which are (by nature) the meekest creatures on earth, are now made the most merciless Minotaures in the world: for every where now they do eat up whole Towns, and devour the Inhabitants young and old.  Hydr. 
I hate from my very heart the destroying of Towns and depopulation of countries, as a most barbarous cruelty beseeming rather the savage Cannibals, than any sound hearted Christians. Assuring myself withal, that all those our ugly black raue●s which seek to 
b Isa. 5.8.  dwell alone upon the face of the earth by that their unspeakable cruelty, shall one day be sure to feel a woe with a witness, and to have 
c Isa. 33.1. Mich. 2.1.2.3.4.  the law of like repaid double and treble upon their own pates. Yea and that they, and all theirs (without a speedy repentance) must undoubtedly receive their allotted reward 
d 1 Kin. 21.21.  with wicked king Ahab. Although yet I doubt not at all but that those our great breeders of sheep, which so make the best of their pasturing grounds without 
e Isa. 3.15.  grinding the faces of their silly poor Tenants, they are the blessed instruments of our bountiful God, for public good. And therefore (concerning that point which thyself hath heard some Preachers avouch in public place, about the great breeding of sheep) howsoever I make no doubt but that those self same Preachers they delivered then the private opinion and thought of their own proper hearts: yet when they shall hereafter somewhat more considerately examine the matter itself without any such wry-respect, and according to the proportionable bounds of Christian policy for public good, I make no question at all, but that they themselves will eftsoons affirm, that (in those their blind baiard-like bold speeches against such necessary breeding of sheep) they were rather misguided with the sway of inordinate affection, than sound directed with any authentical rule of settled reason. For, howsoever those our great pasture men do gather up to themselves an exceeding great gain by the breeding of sheep, as there is no reason at all, but that they which win it, should wear it: yet surely (if I conceive not the matter amiss) there is no one commodity throughout the whole land more tending to the public good of rich and poor, than the great abundance and mighty increase of sheep, as that which was 
f Gen. 13.2.5.6. and 24.35. and 26.14. and 29.6. and 30.31.32 1 Sam. 17.15. Psal. 78.70.71.  the ordinary practice of all the patriarchs, and which also received from time to time 
g Gen. 24..35. Ps. 144▪ 13.14.  an extraordinary approbation from the unchangeable providence of the eternal God. And (to let pass the much bettering of arable ground by the folding of sheep) this (I do verily suppose) may here be avouched for an infallible truth: that almost the third part of people in this our English Island, are upheld & maintained by the breeding of sheep. Whereupon this consequent doth clearly demonstrate itself to all the world, that those men which prate purposely against the great breeding of sheep, they do either discover (at unawares) their wayward and envious hearts against the breeders themselves without any respect of public good; or lay open at least, their own inconsiderate thoughts, and shallow conceits concerning such matters of public regard.  Capn. 
The one or the other must necessarily follow thereof. But Sir, if you be able (indeed) so demonstrate sound unto us, that almost the third part of people in this our English Island are upheld, and maintained by the ordinary breeding of sheep, you shall satisfy many concerning this point.  Hydr. 
I doubt not to demonstrate the same to the full. For first, let an exact survey be had of those our great sheepe-maisters themselves, as also of that their ordinary retinue which they hourly employ about the breeding & hearding of sheep; then next, of all those our professed clothiers in Wales, in Cornwall, in Devonshire, in Kent, in Essex, in Suffolk, in Norfolk, in Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, Hallifax, Kendal, with other like places where cloath-making is purposely professed and practised together, with all their whole families depending upon them; then next, let the self same survey be likewise taken of all the poor labouring people which are this way set hourly on work by those our clothmakers, about the severing, sorting, tousing, carding, spinning, knitting, weaving, fulling, shearing, dressing and dying of wool and of clothes; then next, of all those provident husbandmen who yearly defray their rents, and apparel themselves by the breeding of sheep; and then lastly, of all those Artificers, Tradesmen, and poor labouring people which yearly do clothe themselves, their wives and families, with those webs of cloth which they usually make of the gathering loakes that are scattered in pastures and fields by the breeding of sheep: let (I say now) some sound and exact survey be forthwith taken of all and every of these, and I doubt not (when the account is cast up in a total sum) but that the whole will amount to the third part of people in our land at the least.  Capn. 
The third part (say you Sir) nay, the better half I am sure.  Hydr. 
Go to then, tell me what one reason those Preachers have to bark so bitterly against the breeding of sheep? or any man else to mislike of that one commodity whereby the one half of our kingdom is so well set on work, and which tendeth to the public good of our country?  Capn. 
But Sir, howsoever there be great store of cloath-making amongst us in England, yet clothes (they say) are never the cheaper in England: and therefore they see not how poor men are bettered any thing at all, by the making of cloth.  Hydr. 
Though clothes (in very deed) were never the cheaper by the great store of cloath-making among us in England, which is utterly untrue: yet would clothes become more excessively dear among us in England by much, were it not for the great store of cloath-making throughout the whole land. And therefore howsoever these gainsaying companions, do grossly imagine that the poorer sort of people are nothing bettered by the making of cloth, yet surely if that one trade alone were discontinued among us but for few years together; not only the better sort of men they would quickly begin to feel some very shrewd want, but many poor souls beside (set on work by that means) should shortly have hungry bellies. Yea even those our Tobacconists themselves would plod up and down with threadbare backs, and tattered tails. But now tell me Capnistus (I heartily pray thee) how any great store of clothes may possibly be made without abundance of wool; which way, men may have abundance of wool, without a continual breeding of sheep; how such a continual breeding of sheep may well be maintained without abundance of pasture; and how such abundance of pasture may possibly be had, where all our Enclosures are thus preposterously converted to tillage?  Capn. 
Surely Sir, I wot not which way to supply such a want: and therefore I do fully refer the further answer hereof to those our disordered Tobacconist's who labour so eagerly after such a preposterous augmentation of tillage, without giving regard at all to sundry other as needful commodities as corn itself, for the orderly supportation of every several estate in the land. Wherein moreover they declare (at unawares) that as the water which driveth the mill, decayeth the mill: so surely, those their disordered affections which so preposterously enforceth them forwards in such an idle conceit of public good, would turn (in very short time) to the fearful subversion of our public good.  Hydr. 
That is undoubtedly true, as may be plainly demonstrated unto them by a pregnant comparison, put down by Adrian the fourth, upon a very like occasion of discontentment.  Capn. 
Declare the comparison I pray you at large.  Hydr. 
With a very good will: this therefore it is. It came to pass on a time (
h Policrat. de nugis Curialium. lib. 6. cap. 24.  saith he) that all the members of a man's body conspired jointly against the poor stomach, as against him (forsooth) who (by his insatiable ravin) did continually exhausted and devour the ordinary labours of all the other members beside. For, whereas the eye itself was never satisfied with seeing, nor the ear with hearing; whereas the hands were bend each minute of an hour upon their ordinary labours, the feet became fearfully sorebated with trotting to and fro; the tongue was even worn to the stumps about the moderating of speech and silence; yea all the whole members were mutually devoted towards the public good of the whole body itself: only (in this their general carefulness and excessive toil) the stomach itself (as they falsely surmised) he lived at ease, and whatsoever the rest of the members had carefully prepared before by any their mutual labours, he alone devoured up the same by a prodigal waste. What need many words? The rest of the members considering this, they do all jointly conclude to desist forthwith from all those their peculiar designments for public good: and therewithal (withholding whatsoever convenient sustenance from the said stomach itself) they fully resolved to torture that their insatiable and slothful adversary with the continual want of nutriment. Upon this their overhasty and heady resolution, one day was passed quite in a pining penury. The second day followed more tedious and irksome than the other before. But the third was so extremely biting and pinching to the stomach itself, and all the said members beside, as they jointly began to faint and to fag. Oppressed thus by urgent necessity, the members they assemble themselves afresh, very seriously consulting about their own, and that their supposed adversary his present estate. In which their public assembly, the head it hung drooping down; the shoulders (being shrewdly benumbed) they shakingly shrunk together; the arms became weak; the hands unable to hold themselves up; the feet were enfeebled so sore, as they could not possibly support their appointed burden; the whole body it consumed away; yea the tongue which until then was pregnant enough to plead for the public good of the whole body itself, it eftsoons began to falter, and cleave so fast to the roof of the mouth, as it had now no power in itself to propound and expound the public occasion of that their present calamity. The case standing fearfully thus, the whole members (by a joint consent) they make their mutual recourse to their sovereign Lady the Heart, for present advice in this their public distress: who (examining the matter with a more advised and mature deliberation,) by the very sway of sound and substantial reason did make it apparently evident to all the members, that this so exceeding a misery befell them all, only because of their former hard measure towards the said stomach their falsely supposed adversary. For, by withdrawing a competent sustenance from him (he being the deputed public dispenser thereof to the rest of the members,) they did thereby also deprive themselves of convenient natural nutriment. And (sith none ought 
i 1 Cor. 9.7.  to go a warfarre at his own proper cost) it cannot otherways be, but that (by withholding the public maintenance from the said stomach itself) they themselves were proportionably disabled every of them from the dutiful discharge of their proper designments for public good. Neither may any blame thereof be justly imputed unto the poor stomach: because he could not possibly distribute that public sustenance to the rest of the members, which he received not first for himself. And therefore (saith reason) I conclude it a safer course, and much more consonant to nature's sacred direction, that a convenient nutriment be primarily bestowed on him who must proportionably distribute the same unto others, than (by thus peevishly depriving the said stomach thereof) to procure an inevitable penury upon itself, and all the rest of the members. Hereupon it came forthwith to pass (by reasons pithy persuasion) that the said stomach being presently replete with corporal sustenance, all the rest of the members (by her operation) were proportionably, and mutually refreshed together. Lady Experience (the Schoolemistrisse of fools) making the rest of the members now to perceive their former exceeding great folly, the stomach he was universally freed from all imputation of blame concerning this their needless calamity. Because, howsoever he be (in very deed) an insatiable devourer of whatsoever their public labours, yet doth he not so insatiably feed thereupon for himself alone, but likewise, for all the rest of the members: and therefore, he being pined with a needless penury, they cannot but be miserably pinched with a biting hunger. Surely Capnistus, if thou examine the matter aright, thou shall find it even so in the politic body of every particular country. Wherein, albeit the stomach (the poor husbandman I mean) doth heap up together exceeding much maintenance: yet doth he not heap up the same so much for his own proper use, as for the public good of all the particular members in that self same political body. And therefore so much the more heedful regard must hourly be had about the orderly supportation of that one estate above all the rest: by how much the prosperous, or the pining condition of all other estates doth proportionably depend upon that one estate above all the rest. For be thou thoroughly assured of this, that there is proportionably even one and the self same office of the stomach in a natural body, and of the poor husbandman's estate in every political body. Because if the stomach itself be hourly kept in good quarter, all the rest of the members they are mutually refreshed thereby. Whereas, if it be made empty of corporal sustenance, how should it then be able, either properly to support it own self, or collaterally to sustain the rest of the members? And even so, if the poor husbandman's estate be upheld in an happy condition, the rest of the members throughout the whole political body, are substantially and sound supported from utter confusion. Whereas, if the poor husbandman's happy estate be fearfully impoverished, how should any estate else in that self same political body be possibly enriched, or safely preserved? And therefore let these our disordered Tobacconists take heed in time, lest (by this their preposterous augmentation of tillage under an idle and feigned pretence of public good) they do not hurt themselves and the rest of the members in this our political body, to the utter subversion of our public good. For if corn itself (by this their augmentation of tillage) should inconsiderately and causelessly be brought to such a small price, as the poor husbandman (all other things else continuing at an excessive great reckoning) be not able to sustain himself and his family: how should he possibly be able to afford any public maintenance to all other states else in the political body?  Capn. 
Surely Sir, this comparison doth set forth the matter so plain, as none now but senseless and peevish idiots may possibly be ignorant thereof. Although yet (for all this) there be many rich Parsons and Vicars in sundry parishes, who likewise do keep a cumbersome coil about this their preposterous augmentation of tillage, as an undoubted present good means for public good: commending each enterprise that ways attempted, and wishing an happy success to the same.  Hydr. 
Why Capnistus; never wonder at this. For so 
k Act. 19.14.15.  Demetrius the siluer-smith he kept a cumbersome coil, concerning the prosperous and happy estate of his siluer-shrines. In so much as he called together the workmen of that self same trade, and told them saying: Sirs, you all do very well know, that (by this our craft) we have gotten our goods. Declaring (by this his pernicious prattle) that it was neither the love of Religion, nor the honest care of public good that set him so greedily a gog in that his turbulent course, but the only inordinate desire of his own, and of those his copartners private respects. If these prattling priests thou speakest of now, were carried with wry respects, and such other like private motions about any their undutiful managing of these late disordered and devilish attempts, they may rather more truly be termed the pestilent Parsons of poisonsome parishioners, than the provident Pastors of a peaceable people; yea and the Demetrian Vicars of most detestable villainies, rather than the honest deputed Vicegerents of jesus Christ concerning the Christian subjection of dutiful subjects. Declaring themselves to be such 
l Isa. 56.10.11  insatiable dogs as never have enough: and therefore, they do all of them look to their own proper ways, every of them seek his peculiar advantage, & after his own private gain, without giving a due regard to the public good.  Capn. 
But Sir, what might it be that makes those our rural Parsons and Vicars so rustically mad upon that so mischievous a matter in hand, if the augmentation of tillage doth tend so little to the public good?  Hydr. 
I cannot certainly set down the reason of that their unreasonable applaud to such a pestiferous purpose, unless I did certainly know the very thought and intent of their secret hearts. Howbeit, if the secrets of the heart itself may shrewdly be guessed upon, by the 
m Math. 15.18.19.  very outgoings they have to any external action, then surely this their preposterous approbation of any such a pernicious practice, it could not possibly proceed from any good motion; the best that may be conceived thereof is this: namely, that as those kind of persons are commonly 
n Isa. 56.11.  destitute of all understanding, so (it may be) they but drousily dreamt that this preposterous augmentation of tillage would undoubtedly bring forth an augmentation of tithes; and that such an augmentation of tithes, would more abundantly increase their augmentation of worldly trash. And that therefore (upon this their fantastical fliggring confidence) when the whole country was 
o Act. 19 29.  full of confusion, it may be they thought it not greatly amiss, to keep such a cumbersome consort with that rascabilian rout who so disorderedly made the late uproar, and even mainly to cry out among them and say, 
p Act. 19.28.  Oh great is Diana of the Ephesians; or rather more plainly thus: Great 
q Gen. 34.13.  gain without doubt, will grow yearly to us, by this their preposterous augmentation of tillage. Howbeit, if these peddling Parsons and Vicars were but once enforced to find and feel in their proper experience, that such a preposterous augmentation of tillage did afford them no further augmentation of tithes than they reaped before, yea and that those self-same tithes which thus befall to their portion, are far worse in quantity and quality both, then were those their former tithes which they possessed before, when there was less store of tillage by much; and (which more is) that (notwithstanding the badness thereof) they are eftsoons enforced to bestow a twofold labour in gathering the same: surely when their proper experience hath made them perceive the plain truth of the premises, they will then cry out to their servants and say, Sirs, we have now adays a very long harvest for a little corn. For fie upon this preposterous augmentation of tillage: it was never well with the Commonwealth, since the same was first so fantastically set on foot. For every husbandman now hath so much arable land in his proper possession, and so little manure withal to make it more burdensome, as he loseth one acre while he is sore toiling about another. The land (for want of good order) is now so clean out of order and heart, as it yieldeth more weeds than corn: yea and the corn which it commonly beareth is so lean and so light, as it affordeth no flower at all. What sayest thou now Capnistus, to these our counrrey Parsons and Vicar's cars who so highly applaud these public disorders?  Capn. 
Surely Sir, if the sequel should thus fall forth, I might boldly affirm, that the judgement of God were justly upon them.  Hydr. 
Very true as thou sayest. For, as it is a most filthy shame for them, to yield their underhand approbation towards any such public disorders: so surely, had they but one dram of God's grace in their hearts, one scruple of a subject like subjection in their heads, yea one jot of an honest humanity in any of their minds; they would hold it much more beseeming their persons and places, to teach their parishioners all holy subjection towards their superiors; to beat down very bitterly whatsoever disorders shall but put out their head against our positive laws, and the public peace of our sovereign Lord the King; yea and even rather to hazard their proper persons and states about the timely suppressing of every such desperate attempt from private persons, than either by deed, by word, or by countenance, to give any encouragement at all to such a preposterous project. Howbeit as 
r Mat. 11.19.  wisdom is evermore justified of her own proper children: so surely, there was never yet any one faction so filthy in nature, so foul in apprehension, neither yet so furious in practice, but the same had evermore either the primary sprout, the preposterous proceeding, the pernicious progress, the pestiferous perfection, or the pestilent approbation at least of some of those simple Sir john's; who rather should sound convince, then seditiously confirm the same. Howbeit, as ever there hath been, so still there will be 
Hos. 4.9.  like people, like priest. That so (the base people practising, and the bad priest approving such pestilent practice) they might all jointly become liable to one and the self same determined judgement of God against such disordered attempts: according to the testimony of the Prophet who saith, 
t Hos. 4.8.9.  The priests they eat up the sins of my people, and lift up their minds in these their palpable iniquities. Therefore there shall be like people, like priests: for I will visit their ways upon themselves, & reward their wicked deeds upon their own pates. By all the premises than thou mayst plainly perceive, that (notwithstanding whatsoever those our disordered Tobacconists pretend, or these our men-pleasing priests do prate) about their preposterous defence) the poor husbandman his estate (so long as all other things else do continue at such an excessive reckoning) is rather hindered then helped by this their preposterous augmentation of tillage.  Capn. 
Good Sir, the whole matter itself (in my poor apprehension) is so apparently evident, as I am able 
u Gen. 24.50.  to say nothing thereunto either good, or evil.  Hydr. 
I hope, by this time thou mayst plainly perceive the falsely supposed goodness of that preposterous work which was so perniciously applauded among the very garbage of human societies: namely, those the desperate attempts of these our disordered Tobacconists against the long settled peace of this our public state, in a matter especially of such slender importance and so needless moreover, if all other things else be sound resolved.  Capn. 
But Sir, do you hold (in good earnest) the augmentation of tillage a matter most needless, especially in this our age?  Hydr. 
I tell thee this in good earnest: it must either be needful, or needless. But howsoever the augmentation of tillage may very truly be said to be simply good init self, because it was 
x Gen. 3.23.  the primary ordinance appointed by God for man's preservation & practice: yet do I not hold it so needfully good for the present, if all sorts of people in our public state be proportionably respected, according to the several qualities of their persons and places. For how may this their preposterous augmentation of tillage be held now so needfully good, it being every way so hurtful as thou heardest even now, the present condition of our public state being duly considered? Then next, a matter but needless it may seem to be for the present: because corn is not now so excessively dear, but that each man (of what sort soever) may as sufficiently be able to maintain his proper estate, by paying two shillings six pence the bushel, as were the people of those former times, when they paid but sixpences the bushel.  Capn. 
I pray you Sir, demonstrate this point more plainly for the better satisfaction of myself, and all others besides.  Hydr. 
This thing is so plain of itself, as it needs no plainer demonstration at all, than the former, and now present experience. For who doth not see, but that the whole Peers of our kingdom, the Nobles, the Gentry, & Yeomanrie also, might much better maintain their estates in former ages with some five hundred, three hundred, or one hundred pounds rend at the most, when all other things else appertaining to their household provision, their ordinary attire, and the moderate pomp of their persons and places did generally run at so low a rate, than they may now (in this present age) with a thousand, six hundred, or three hundred pounds rend at the least, when all those the former supplies cannot possibly be gotten without an excessive reckoning?  Capn. 
I am just of your mind for that. But Sir, these our great personages (say they) do prodigally and wastefully consume so much wealth upon superfluous buildings, and sumptuous apparel, as they cannot possibly uphold their estates, without an excessive polling and pilling of all their poor Tenants: and there is the wellspring itself of all their wants.  Hydr. 
I intent not now to plead for, much less to put down any patrocinium at all to men's superfluous expenses, how many, or how mighty soever: having so sufficiently censured the same a little before. Although yet (respecting these great men's persons 
y Deut. 28.13. Psal. 45.7. Ecclus. 38.25. etc.  and places, the 
z Math. 6.29.  royalties of Salomon's house, the clothing of the King's daughter 
a Psal. 45.9.13.14.  in beaten gold with raiment of needle work; the acustomable 
b Math. 11.8.  wearing of silks, and soft apparel, in Prince's courts; yea and that 
c joh. 19.23.  seamelesse coat of our Saviour Christ being wrought upon throughout) I dare not deny a different dignity in apparel, in diet, in sumptuousness in buildings and every way else, from the base and vulgar sort; which made me even purposely put down the moderate pomp of their persons and places in my former speech, as a pomp respectively permitted unto them by the Almighty himself. Howbeit, Capnistus seeing thou thyself art just of my mind (as thou saidst even now) concerning our purpose propounded, I will therefore (without further delay) proceed in the rest.  Capn. 
Do so Sir, I pray you: and first, how they husbandman's state is every way now as good as in former times.  Hydr. 
Why man, who makes any question at all, but that the poor husbandman may as competently, as commendably, and as contentedly continued the good estate of himself, and his husbandry, now when he sits upon twenty pounds rend, and grows but threescore quarters of corn at the most, as he might have done in our forefather's days, when he paid but twenty nobles rend by the year, and reaped tweluescore quarters of corn at the least, all other things else being proportionably and evenly respected according to their different rates and reckonings? For when as one bushel of barley (being then sold for fourepences in former times) was able to buy him but one pound of candle: one bushel of barley now (being sold for two shillings sixpence) will purchase this poor husbandman, a pound of candle, a pound of hops, a quarter of lamb, three pennie-worth of bakers bread, & a gallon of good ale at the least; & so forth proportionably for the rest of any his other needful affairs.  Capn. 
The case is apparently evident concerning the husbandman's happy estate: but how for the inferior sorts of subjects?  Hydr. 
The self same proportion (respecting their several persons and places) will fitly serve for every of them. For who seeth not but that the Artificers, Trades men, and poor labouring people (being painful in their callings, frugal in their gettings, and provident in all their dispending) may as competently, and as conveniently maintain themselves, and the folk of their family now, with bestowing two shillings sixpence upon every bushel of corn, as their forefathers might have done in former seasons when they paid but sixpence for every bushel. For even as the prices of corn are now increased, so surely the different prices of their several traffics, their sundry commodities, and ordinary labours, they are likewise proportionably augmented and raised accordingly, so as the different times have brought no disparagement at all to their different states. I will make it more apparently manifest by this demonstration: When a Shoemaker (in former seasons) might readily buy him a bushel of corn for sixpence, in those self same times he hardly could sell a good pair of shoes for sixpence. And whereas a Shoemaker now payeth two shillings sixpence for every bushel of corn, he may now also sell the like pair of shoes for two shillings sixpence. So as one pair of shoes (in former times) would buy but a bushel of corn: and one pair of shoes (in our present days) will likewise procure him a bushel of corn. These things being certainly so, the shoemakers state is much better now, then was the shoemakers state in former seasons. For, this Shoemakers having once procured him a bushel of corn with one pair of shoes, which also his forefathers were forced to give for a bushel in former ages, he hath fully as many shoes remaining for his further uses, as had his forefathers before him, yea and each pair of his will be fully as much worth as five pair of the like in his forefathers days. And as in this one, so likewise in all other trades else, according to the self-same proportion of persons, of times, of trades, and of traffic.  Capn. 
It is even certainly so as you say. And therefore I wonder what should make our Artificers, our Tradesmen, and poor labouring people so malcontent as they are, with their present estates.  Hydr. 
It is not any unavoidable want (I assure thee) but a fantastical wantonness rather, which (shaping their shoes now a great deal higher in the instep, than did their forefathers in former times) doth make them so malcontended. My meaning is this. Our men (having now more ambitious, more aspiring and haughtier hearts than had their forefathers before them) they cannot 
d Phil. 2.11.12. 1 Tim. 6.8.9.  content themselves with meat, drink, and clothing, with that competency (I mean) wherewith their forefathers were fully contented before them: or (at least) they will not be pleased before such time as they have abundance of blessings, to 
e jam. 4.3.  consume the same upon their inordinate and licentious affections. For let our Artificers, our Tradesmen, and our poor labouring people be as industrious now in their different degrees, as diligent in their several callings, as painful in their ordinary labours, as provident in getting, as careful in keeping, as frugal in disposing, and as heedful in their domestical dispending as were their forefathers before them: and I see not (as yet) to the contrary, but that (the premises themselves being proportionably and rightly respected) they might every way live in as happy a state as did their forefathers before them. But when those men were industrious, and our men are riotous; when they were diligent, and ours too too lazy; when they were painful, and ours over playful; when they were provident in gathering, and ours proflwious in scattering; when they were careful in keeping, and ours careless in saving; when they were frugal in disposing, and ours prodigal in bestowing; when they were heedful in dispending, and ours altogether heedless in dispersing: how should they possibly accord in their proper conditions, when there is so great discord in their diverse professions? How should they consent in their equal properties, when they descent so much in their several practices? or how should they jump pat in their congruent states, when they so grievously jar in their different stirs? The Tradesmen (in former times) would not willingly spend so much in seven years together about the necessary decking up of themselves, their wives, and seven small children, as our Tradesmen now do wilfully waste about the needless trimming up of proud Tag-tailes their wives in less than one quarter of a year, or two at the most. The ancient Artificers than would not usually provide so many delicate dishes for themselves and their families in a whole twelvemonth together, as our new upstart Artificers do now commonly procure for each Sundays dinner at least. Milk, cheese, and butter, was a rich and bountiful banquet with them: Pig, pork, and lamb is nothing with ours, unless also they have a whole quart of sack to kindle their queasy stomachs withal. It was very much with poor labours then, to play one poor halfpenny at cards throughout a whole Christmas together to cobble their shoes: it is nothing with our loiterers now, to lavish forth twelvepences a week at one unthrifty, or poope-noddie at least, for whole gallons of ale to cumber their coxcombs withal. It was fully sufficient for the common sort then, their wives & poor children, to be reputed good, honest, plain country people: whereas our vulgar sort are never satisfied now, unless themselves be reckoned the odd burgo-masters of every parish; unless their proud wives be gentilized with, May it please your good worship at every word; unless my young princkcockes their sons be mastered with long lousy huge locks on their head, and a guilt-dagger forsooth, behind at their backs; yea and unless my pretty pigsney their daughters be ladified with a tuck on their tails, and a pair of new pumps on their heels for hurting their kibes. So as howsoever our ancestors lived honestly, & contentedly with their former conditions, it is no marvel at all if these our late upstartes be monstrously malcontent for their proper estates; without any one occasion at all from the scarcity of corn for want of more tillage.  Capn. 
Surely Sir, if you had been lodged these seven years together in the very closet of our common people's hearts, you could never have laid forth more sound, the foolish humours of those their fantastical heads. Yea and all men may now plainly perceive, that it is not any want of corn, but the wantonness rather of their lewd dispositions that makes them discontented with the times, with their states, and with whatsoever else is opposite to their humorous affections.  Hydr. 
Very true as thou sayest. For the times themselves are as tolerable now, as ever before; their ordinary estates as competent now, as ever before; the great plenty of corn as exceeding much now as ever before; yea and the prices also of corn as proportionably convenient as ever before, if all things else be rightly respected: only our mutable minds are now grown quite out of order, and that is the only main cause which maketh us so malcontent in ourselves, and so mischievous also against the public good of our present state. But be it supposed there were now some present want of corn in our country, as these our disordered persons may seem to suggest, might not this want (thinkest thou) be much better supplied, than by these their disordered attempts about the untimely disparking of all Enclosures, for that their needless augmentation of tillage?  Capn. 
Good Sir, I see not (as yet) how these our unruly Tobacconists may be brought to conceive the reason hereof.  Hydr. 
When proud horses (being handsomely had forth to the crystal streams) may not possibly be made to drink, canst ●hou conceive any other reason of this their wilful refusal, but the only pride of their stomachs which maketh them so causelessly to distaste the good and wholesome water before them?  Capn. 
No surely Sir, that is the only cause, I verily suppose.  Hydr. 
And even so in like manner, it is the only height of our proud Tobacconists minds that will neither suffer themselves to see the depth of their desperate folly herein, nor yet let them be handsomely led forth to a better dexterity, from the approved judgement of others. For let the earth but yield yearly the like abundance of grain that it now ordinarily groweth from time to time: and I doubt not at all but the prices of corn may still be continued in the self same reasonable reckoning which they hold at this present, yea and (perhaps) be brought to a lower rate (as need shall require) if the observations I could give them herein, were rightly respected.  Capn. 
Put down those observations, I beseech you Sir.  Hydr. 
Nay, soft here a while. For as I am not (I assure thee) a professed Politician, so dare I by no means presume to put down political orders for the public State, in a kingdom especially so prudently governed.  Capn. 
Let no such needless conceit (I beseech you) withhold your Christian care from the public good of your country. For as it was no presumption in 
f 2 King. 5.3.  naaman's little girl to propound, nor any prejudice to the reputation of Naaman to practise her prudent advice for the timely restoration of his diseased body to it pristinate estate: so is it no arrogancy in your own self, nor derogancie at all from the justly deserved dignity of any our politic statesmen, to refer your good thoughts (for the public good of your country) to a public consideration. And therefore, fear not to put your observations upon terms at the least, whatsoever dislike ensue thereof.  Hydr. 
I do willingly consent to this thy reasonable and honest persuasion. First therefore, if it might but please his excellent Majesty, to command from time to time, a strict execution of all those penal statutes which were formerly 
g See Pultons' Abridgement in the statute of corn ●●d grain See the statute of 1. & 2. Phil. & Mar. Also the statute of 5. Elizab. 5.27.  provided against the needless transportation of corn and victuals into foreign parts, beyond the ordinary prices of corn put down in those statutes; with a severe exaction of the penalties appointed, at the hands of such husbandmen first, as convey, or cause to be conveyed their corn to any haven or port to be so transported; at the hands also of such insatiable Merchants or others as do so transport our said corn; and then lastly, at the shipmaisters and mariners hands for so transporting the same: & I doubt not but that there would be plenty enough of corn in our country, and the same continued from time to time at a reasonable rate.  
Again, if his said Majesty might eftsoons be pleased to 
h See Pultons' Abridgement ibid. 3.4. Item ibidem, in the title of corn and grain. 3.4.  become very provident in granting so many needless licenses to any of those our monopolian Merchants especially, who do nothing else in effect, but ship over our corn, with other the like substantial commodities of their native country into all foreign parts, and bring home from thence their trifling toys; I mean boxes, hobby-horses, and rattles for little young babes, loombe-works and laces for young ladified lasses; proud pomanders, periwigs, and squirrels tails for prickmadaintie fools, with other like trumpry trash: and I doubt not but that there would be plenty enough of corn in our country, and the same continued from time to time at a reasonable rate.  
Again, if his said excellent Majesty might likewise be pleased to command from time to time, the like severe execution of penal laws, provided 
i See Pulton, in the statute against forestallers, etc. See the statute of 5. Edw. 6.14. See 5. Eliz. 5. Item: 27. Eliz. 11.  against all Forestallers, Regrators, and Engrossers of corn and victuals, with a full exaction of the penalties appointed against every offender therein: and I doubt not but that there would be corn enough in our country, and the prices continued from time to time, at a reasonable rate.  
Again, if his said Majesty might be pleased to give it in special charge, that the justices of every country should from time to time 
k See Pultons' Abridgement in the title of Farmers. 2. Item, ibid. in the title of corn, 10.  take a diligent survey and view whether any of our country cormorants do accustomably keep up in their hands, some two, three, four, five, yea six years corn together, first for the feeding of rats, mice, weasels, and then (being good for no purpose else) to be tumbled forth by whole quarters at once for hogs and swine; with a very severe and sharp punishment for such as so filthily consume the good blessings of God: & I doubt not, but that there will be plenty enough of corn in our country, and the prices continued from time to time, at a reasonable rate.  
Again, let his Majesty be likewise pleased to give strictly in charge from time to time, that 
l See the Canons against resorting to Alehouses.  no roisters, ruffians, riotous persons, nor tippling Tobacconists do continue day by day, and night by night, at tippling Alehouses in a needless gormandizing, carousing, quaffing, and swilling in of wine, ale, and beer, as they usually do; but 
m See Pulton in the title of labourers, sect. 2.3.13. Also in the title of poor people. sect 22.  be industriously held and kept to their several callings and labours: and I doubt not but that there will be plenty enough of corn in our country, and the prices thereof continued from time to time at a reasonable reckoning.  
Again, let his excellent Majesty be likewise pleased to command very strictly 
n See Pulton in the title of vagabonds, 1.2. etc.  the due execution of laws from time to time upon rogues, vagabonds, and sturdie-beggers, who like greedy Caterpillars, devour the good blessings of God, and as idle drones, do but suck up the sweet of other men's labours; as also 
o Ibedem 11.  upon any their maintainers and releevers; together with such and so many as 
p Ibidem 10.  neglect their timely apprehension: and I doubt not but that there will be corn enough in our country, and the prices thereof continued still at a reasonable rate.  
Briefly, let his said excellent Majesty be likewise pleased to command his said justices in every country, from time to time 
q See Pulton, in the title, Alehouses. sect. 2.  to execute very sharply the breach of his laws upon all disordered Alehouses, as also to put presently in practise 
r Ibidem sect. 1.  the speedy suppressing of superfluous Alehouses to the sixth part at the least in our land: and I doubt not to have plenty enough of corn in our country, and the same at a reasonable rate from time to time. For I make no question at all, but that ten hundred thousand quarters of malt at the least (besides the abundance of wheat and other the good blessings of God) are very riotously, wastefully, and needlessly bestowed from year to year in our land, by reason of such superfluous tippling houses: which said malt, wheat, and the rest of God's good blessings (being otherwise most frugally dispended only for the present necessity of his majesties subjects) would make more plenty of corn in our land by much, and continue the same from time to time at a reasonable rate, without any such needless augmentation of tillage.  Capn. 
Surely Sir, if these things were providently observed, and carefully executed from time to time (as in equity they ought) according to the true intent and meaning of law, we should have from year to year such abundance of corn, and at so reasonable a rate withal, as the augmentation of tillage would rather be hurtful then helpful to all estates: and therefore that the disordered enterprise of those our tippling Tobacconists (for any thing I do perceive) was idle, and utterly needless.  Hydr. 
Very true as thou sayest, and the needlessness also thereof may yet be made more apparent by much, if thou considerest rightly the very true cause itself of these our Tobacconists wants. Which their said wants arise not (I assure) from any defect of corn in our country, or through the excessive prices of corn for the present, but rather from their own inordinate riotous, licentious, and loitering carriage. For, what is the cause that all other Artificers, Tradesmen and poor labouring people do now (notwithstanding this falsely supposed want of corn, and the excessive prices of grain) so competently and so commendably maintain their several charges, with money from time to time in their purse for any their needful affairs: and these our disordered Tobacconists are each hou●e so oppressed with penury and want, as they are eftsoons enforced to adventure upon such undurifull and desperate attempts, to preserve them and all theirs from famine and hunger?  Capn. 
Howsoever I myself might shrewdly guess thereat, yet can I not certainly set down the certain reason thereof: and therefore do heartily entreat your assistance therein.  Hydr. 
With very good will. Wherein this also observe by the way, that if it were the present want of corn, or that the excessive prices of corn might justly be adjudged the cause thereof, than all other poor men beside, having fat greater charges than they, and (setting their painful labours apart) as little to take to as any of them, should have as great cause to complain of their wants as themselves. Neither is it their want of a competent skill, or sufficient strength of body to maintain their labours that constrains them thus to complain: for therein they far exceed, and go beyond those other poor men by many degrees. But it is their only want of grace, their want of a Christian conscience, their want of an honest heart, and the want of a ready will to walk industriously in their several callings, that causeth this stir. It is their lazy, their loitering and idle life, being hardly brought to labour sound one day in a week. It is their prodigal dispending of whatsoever they get, about their filthy Tobacco fumes, and superfluous carousing cups. It is their fine dainty tooth, their excess in apparel, and their riotous behaviour in every place. Yea it is their proflwious lashing forth of whatsoever they get, at cards, ●ice, and other unlawful, nay rather unthrifty pastimes. A●d now when all is thus spent, yea more than all, and themselves grown impatient in that their penurious estate, than forthwith they make most dangerous outcries about their private wants, and most desperately undertake a causeless supply thereof, by their disordered disparking of all Enclosures forsooth, under a false pretence of the needless augmentation of tillage. By all which thou mayst plainly perceive, how pestiferous those their bad practices are to the long settled peace of our Sovereign Lord the King: and consequently, how pernicious withal to the present good of our public State.  Capn. 
Sir, the case is apparently evident, like the Sun in his strength, so as even all (but such as are wilfully blind) may very easily espy the evident truth thereof.  Hydr. 
Very true as thou sayest, And therefore, that these our poor-blind platformers in public affairs, as also, every of their polypragmaticall applauders may the more readily be made to recover a clear understanding concerning these matters, let us now next, endeavour to draw those 
s Act. 9.18.  filthy scales of corruption from out of their eyes, by demonstrating yet more plainly to every of them what further pestiferous perils to the present good of our public State did still proceed, and poysonsomely break forth from those their desperate attempts. For here I would have thee to observe afresh, that the late disordered enterprise of those our intemperate Tobacconists, it was not only flat opposite to the well established peace of our sovereign Lord the King as thou heardest even now, but very rebellious likewise to his kingly sovereignty itself. Not only, because they so desperately attempted the wilful breach of his peace, but for that they so proudly resisted his kingly power, and did thereby most impudently declare themselves very obstinate, and open rebels against his sacred Majesty.  Capn. 
Oh Sir, I would to God you had been somewhat more spare in your speech, and not so satirically have termed them Rebels; for that term (I fear me) will hardly be brooked.  Hydr. 
Howsoever thyself would have me be spare, I love to be plain in my spe●ch, and to call a spade, a spade, how hardly soever digested. And why should they themselves, or any man else (I pray thee) dislike of that name which they in the very secret of their hearts so earnestly desired, and (by their outrageous carriage) so justly deserved? That they in their own hearts desired this name, it is more than apparently evident: because neither peaceable entreaty, nor any plausible means might possibly persuade their dutiful departure, nor once make them desist but a while from those their desperate attempts. And that their outrageous carriage di● duly deserve such an odious name, they may not deny it themselves: not only for that they would not (upon his majesties Proclamation) depart from the field, but rebelliously persisted and proceeded afresh, in that their undutiful practice. Howbeit (to the end thou mayst more exactly understand my meaning herein) it shall not be greatly amiss, to examine first, the ordinary use of the word rebellare, according to the just propriety of several languages: and then next, to set succinctly down a true definition of the very matter itself, as is properly intended by those the said several languages.  Capn. 
A very excellent order, and therefore I pray you proceed in your purpose.  Hydr. 
With very good will. Wherein, I would have thee observe with deliberate consideration, that the Hebrews they use 
t The Hebrews have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, as in Gen. 14.14. jos. 22.16.29. Ezech. 2.3. Dan. 9.5.  the word maradh, which signifieth to offend by rebelling against, to revolt or forsake, to fall finally from one, to rebel, to deal perfidiously: as thou mayst plainly perceive by those several Scriptures which are purposely put down in the margin to make it more manifest. This word maradh, it hath a marvelous affinity with another word 
u Cognationem habet cum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 & cum. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  called marah, that is, to make bitter or sour; as also with iaradh, that is, to descend or fall from: because the man that rebelleth, doth seem (as it were) to revolt or fall from his superior so, as he doth utterly vex and grieve his heart. According to that which Abner uttered to joab, in an only regard of the exceeding great slaughter between them, saying thus: 
x 2 Sam. 2.26.  Shall the sword devour for ever? Knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end?  
The Grecians they usually have for this matter, the 
y The Grecians have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  word aphistamai, which properly signifieth to resist, to withstand, or to depart from one: because the man that rebelleth doth seem (as it were) to depart, or to withdraw himself from that other whom he so unjustly resisteth.  
The Frenchmen they commonly have 
z The French have rebeller, see revanger.  Rebeller, see revanger, that is to say, to rebel, or to revenge himself: because the man that so unjustly resisteth his lawful Superior, doth seem to rest (as it were) upon his own proper revenge without all authority.  
The Italians they do usually put down for this point, the word 
a The Italians have rebellare, resorgere.  rebellare, resorgere, that is, to resist, or rise up against one: because the party rebelling doth rebelliously rise up in arms against his Superior whom he so proudly resisteth.  
The Latins they do eftsoons observe the word 
b The Latins have repugnare.  repugnare, that is, to fight purposely against, or to raise up an opposite war: because the party so rebelling, doth undutifully bear armour against him, whom he so unjustly resisteth. So as all these several languages, they do (by this word to rebel) even purposely speak of all such as abide not very firmly in that loyalty or faith wherein they are authentically obliged, and dutifully bound to their sovereign King, and natural country. Or they understand it of such as (being victoriously subdued before and (upon their humble submission received to mercy) do notwithstanding endeavour eftsoons to stir up rebellious strifes against some such as they are orderly subjecteth unto, and from whom they formerly received much mercy. Now then, as a warrior is properly called of the Hebrews, 
c Hebrew, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grec. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gal. Guerroyeur, homme de guerre. Ital. Combattitore, guerrieur. Lat. Bellator.  Ish-milehamah, that is to say, a man of war; also of the Grecians, 
d Hebr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grec. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gal. Caeluy qui rebel. Ital. Rubello. Hisp. E●que rebela. Lat. Rebellator.  polemisteis, that is, a man at arms, or one rightly enabled for warlike affairs; also of the French men, Guerroyeur, homme de guerre, that is, a warrior, or a man of war; also of the Italians, Combattitore, gueerieur, that is, a combatter, or warrior; and of the Latins, bellator, that is to say, a warrior, or bearer of arms: So surely a rebel he 
Hebr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grec. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gal. Caeluy qui rebel. Ital. Rubello. Hisp. E●que rebela. Lat. Rebellator.  is usually called of the Hebrews, posheang, that is to say, a transgressor, a perfidious, or mischievous person; also of the Grecians aphistamenos, that is to say, a reuolter from an open resiter, or a wilful withstander of public authority; also of the Frenchmen, Celuy qui rebel, that is, one that obstinately, or stubbornly rebelleth against his Superior. Also of the Italians, he is called rubello that is to say, a very pestiferous, or most perfidious rebel; also of the Spaniard he is termed, rebela, that is, one which rebelleth, or taketh up armour against his Prince: and of the Latins, rebellator, that is to say, a rebeller, an obstinate resister, or a wilful withstander of the Prince's power. By all this than it is very apparent what the word (rebellare) doth signify, according to the natural propriety of each several language.  Capn. 
Good Sir, you ●aue sufficiently set forth the sense and meaning of the word rebellare, and therefore, now I pray you proceed to put down a perfect definition of the matter itself, which is purposely intended by the natural propriety of those several languages.  Hydr. 
Content. And (for this respect) thou hast here to observe afresh from the premises, that a rebel is he who (having been lawfully conquered before, and upon his humble submission received to mercy) doth eftsoons (notwithstanding) seditiously raise up and unlawful war against his liege Lord, and lawful Superior. Or else, a rebel is he, who abideth not firmly in that honest loyalty and faithful obedience wherein he is strictly obliged to his authentical King, and dutifully bound to his natural country: but too too rebelliously revolteth from both, and resistingly taketh up armour against his said authentical Sovereign and natural country. By this than it is apparently evident, that rebellion is nothing else but a wilful resisting or rising up against a lawful authority. And that therefore, if the word bellare be properly and purposely put down to import and authentical and lawful war, than the word rebellare it doth not improperly, but even purposely betoken an unlawful rebelling, or an undutiful raising of war against a lawful authority. As also, if the word bellator, be truly translated an authentical warrior, than the word rebellator, is not unaptly termed a treacherous rebellour. I will yet more plainly demonstrate this matter thus. When two fight together in a cause contradictory, or in a matter of mere repugnancy, that quarrel (in the one of them) is undoubtedly just: but yet (in the other) it is utterly unjust, so as (in this case) the imputation of rebellion it cannot be truly imputed to both. For he that hath the just quarrel, is properly said bellare, that is, to fight lawfully in the necessary defence of his own proper right: but he that upholdeth the unjust quarrel, he is not improperly said rebellare, that is, unlawfully to rebel or rise up in an unnecessary opposition to him that stands in the lawful defence of his own proper right. Not the other then, but this man that maketh the unjust opposition, is properly termed the party rebelling. To apply this to our present purpose. The King's majesties power, and these our disordered persons did skirmish together in a cause contradictory, or in a matter of mere repugnancy. Because the King's power it stood for the timely supportation of public peace, and the necessary defence of his majesties positive laws against that their unlawful assembling together for the lawless and needless disparking of pastures enclosed: those disordered person so unlawfully assembled they rose up in their own proper persons against that his authentical power, to manage the unlawfulness of that their desperate attempt against those his majesties laws. Not both, but the one of these may truly be said to rebel. If they had dared to say then, or at this present do but think that his majesties power rebelled against them, and not they against his majesties power, it were more than high time they were all cut off quite, for so proudly 
e judg. 9.14.15.  advancing the base bramble-bush of Shechem against the tall Cedar of Libanon. For 
f Cicero. Bellare cum Dij, id est, naturae repugnare? Nam ubi maioritas, ibi mandan●● authoritas, ubi minoritas, ibi obediendi necessitas.  were not this (in very deed) to war with the gods, I mean, to resist, and rise up against Nature herself? Because in whomsoever there is a majority, in them there is placed a commanding authority, and in whomsoever there is a minority, upon them is imposed an obeying necessity. And therefore, if his majesties power may not justly be said to rebel in that action, because it authentically stood up for the only supportation of public peace, and the timely defence of his majesties positive laws: it must then necessarily follow, that they themselves (so unlawfully arising against his said majesties authentical power) did make the rebellion. And even so, those our disordered persons (in that their unlawful resistance) they are very aptly and properly called obstinate rebels, how unsavoury soever the word rebel doth seem to that their unsavoury taste. And that therefore the one part of them (for that their unlawful rebellion) were justly put to the sword, and all the rest of them since, not unjustly deserved the gallows as Felons, had not his excellent Highness (even by the mere motion of his Kingly clemency without any their merit) then mingled 
g Psal. 85.10.  Mercy with justice, according to the approved testimony of the blessed Apostle, who telleth them thus: 
h Rome 13.1.2.3.4.5.  Let every soul be subject to the authority of the higher powers. For there is no power but of God, the powers that be, are ordained of God: whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God, and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation. For Princes are not to be feared for good works, but for evil. Wilt thou then be without fear of the power? Do well, so shalt thou be praised for the same, for he is the Minister of God for thy wealth. But if thou do evil, then fear; for he beareth not the sword for nought, for he is the Minister of God, to take vengeance on him that doth evil. Wherefore you must be subject, not because of wrath only, but also for conscience sake. What sayest thou Capnistus, to the word rebellion, now? as also to the testimony of the Apostle concerning the same? Were they not rebels in that their resistance? And was not that their rebellion a very pestiferous enterprise against the present good of our public State?  Capn. 
The case (I confess) is much more apparently evident, than that any sound hearted subject may once dare to oppose himself to the same. Although notwithstanding, they themselves, and their underhand favourites do seek to suppress the imputation of rebellion thus: Indeed (say they) if those silly poor souls had taken up armour against his majesties power, they might justly be called rebels: but (alas) they were silly poor snakes, utterly unarmed, and therefore no rebels.  Hydr. 
Why man, that their disordered intention (it being wilfully persisted in, with a resolute mind not to depart from the place) is by those (the forenamed statutes) made a plain rebellion against his Majesty, though neither armour nor weapon were used at all. Yea and the word which the Apostle puts down in the forenamed Scripture, importeth so much. For the word there 
i 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Rom. 13.2.  is antitassómenos, that is, one opposing himself unto; one that resisteth, or withstandeth the power. Signifying thereby unto us, that not to obey, or not to submit to the power, is a plain resistance, or a standing against the power of God, albeit neither armour nor weapon were used at all. Otherwise Saint Steven could not justly have challenged the stiff-necked jews for 
k Act. 7.51.  resisters and rebels against the holy Ghost, because (in that their wilful resistance) they used no material armour at all, but only 
l Rom. 6.13.  the weapons of unrighteousness to sin. But tell me Capnistus, do those captious confederates then only account it rebellion when as weapons are used with war against war? Or is it only the bearing of armour against his majesties power that maketh the rebel? How then may themselves be (that way) set free from the just imputation of an obstinate rebellion? For (besides that their undutiful withstanding of his majesties Proclamation so authentically made in their own proper hearing) had they not armour? had they not weapons? Had they not hatchets, axes, mattocks, shovels, spades, forks, staves, bows and arrows, bills, partisans, guns, with other like implements? were these no weapons thinkest thou? And would they be commanded (in a peaceable manner) to deliver up these? Nay did they not with violent force, and to their vitermost power, make a rebellious resistance with every of these, against his majesties power? Yea and (which more is by much) did they not (like proud railing Shimeiss) very villainously 
m 2 Sam. 15.4.5.  cast pebbles and stones against our most virtuous David his authentical power, even then, when all the men of war were 
n 2 Sam. 16.6.  on their right hands, and on their left hands, I mean, had environed them round about on every side? If therefore, it be the only bearing of armour against his majesties power that makes the rebellion, why, yet then surely even they also themselves (so using these weapons against his majesties power) they are here very clearly concluded for Rebels, and therefore very pestiferous persons against the present good of our public State. Howbeit (besides those their former disordered courses, and desperate attempts against good laws of our land, against his majesties peace, as also against his said majesties sovereign power) their disordered enterprise was yet more hurtful to the present good of our State, by procuring ●o causelessly their own, and other men's blood to be so fearfully spilled about that their rebellious enterprise. The timely consideration whereof, should even forcibly constrain the principal procurers of such a bloody massacre to tremble and quake all the days of their life, for fear, lest that shed blood (at one time or other) be justly 
o Gen. 4.10.  revenged with bloodshed upon their own pates.  Capn. 
Oh nay Sir, such a consideration is so far off from working their fear, as it rather procureth their comfort. For 
p Gen. 9.6.  the lively image of God being (by that massacre) so fearfully defaced in those silly poor souls whose blood was so cruelly spilled, they doubt not (they say) but that the just revenger of blood (whose image was so fearfully defaced in every of them) will one day require an account for their blood, according to his own infallible promise, saying thus: 
q Gen. 9.5.  I will surely require your blood wherein your lives are, at the hands of every beast will I require the same. At the hand of man, even at the hand of a man's brother, will I require the life of man. For 
r Gen. 9.6. Matth. 26.52. Revel. 13.10.  whosoever sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: because 
s Gen. 1.27. and 9.6. Eph. 4.24.  in the image of God hath he made man. Now Sir, (this being certainly so) they doubt not (they say) but that even those warhorses, as also the warriors themselves shall one day yield an heavy account for so cruelly spilling their blood.  Hydr. 
Why man, thou didst freely confess but even now, that their rebellious disorder (in this their rebellious attempt) was very well worthy of death.  Capn. 
I did so indeed: and am still of that mind.  Hydr. 
Yea, but tell me this one thing I pray thee. Who is the man that either may, or will dare to execute such a deserved death upon any one of them all, if (as themselves do blindly imagine) their blood must be required at the hands of such as shall put them to death? Thou must necessarily acknowledge thus much at the least, that some kind of men (in such an orderly execution of death upon malefactors) are clearly acquitted of those malefactor's death, and so freed from yielding an account unto God for their blood: or else (if that which these our fantastickes do fond conclude from the forenamed Scripture be sound concluded) that then no malefactor's blood may (at any hand) be split, without the dreadful displeasure of God.  Capn. 
That must needs be certainly so: and therefore, I pray you explain that portion of Scripture, for the better satisfaction of them, and of me.  Hydr. 
With all my heart. Wherein thou hast here to consider afresh, that (immediately after the first creation) the almighty jehovah designed to Adam himself 
t Gen. 1.26.28  the primary and sovereign dominion over all other his creatures in general, by 
u Psal. 8.6.7.8  putting them under his feet: and then next (in a more special manner) over Eva herself, by 
x Gen. 3.16. etc. 1.22. 1 Cor. 14.34.  subjecting her desire to Adam her husband, appointing him withal, to have the majestical sovereignty over her person. After this, the Lord ratified afresh, that self-same majestical sovereignty in Cain; by constituting him 
y Gen. 4.7.  a princely ruler over Abel his brother; by subjecting Abel his ordinary desires unto Cain; and by authorizing the said Cain to rule over the person of Abel. By this means, insinuating to all the succeeding ages, that as he is 
z 1 Cor. 14.33.  the God of order, so would he have 
a 1 Cor. 14. ●0.  order observed among his creatures. And thereupon (by this his primary precedent of such a princely sovereignty in the said person of Cain) does plainly demonstrate to all the world throughout their generations from age to age, how he had decreed for ever, that (in all human societies to the end of the world) there should be some to bear rule, and some to obey. Now then, to the end the offspring succeeding might not too too grossly imagine, that this self-same princely pre-eminence of some special person over the people, after the first age of the world was come to the full period or uttermost date, the Lord therefore immediately after the flood (when the 
b Gen. 8.2.13.  windows of heaven were closed up, and the waters quite fled from the upper face of the earth) he 
c Gen. 9.1.  powerfully renewed the world afresh, by that self-same primary blessing wherewith 
d Gen. 1.28.  the propagation of man was blessed at first: and 
e Gen. 9.2.  re-established also in man his primary dominion over birds, beasts, and fishes. Yea and even then also (recalling eftsoons to remembrance 
f Gen. 10.8.9.  the bloody massacres of Nimrod and others, as also intending a marvelous increase of the world afresh, by those eight survivors after the flood) he purposely devised a very provident restraint concerning all such outrageous murders as might any ways hinder his forenamed purpose for propagation: telling Noah and the rest, that he would undoubtedly 
g Gen. 9.5.  require the blood of man, at the hands of every man outrageously spilling the same. And because there should no scruple of conscience remain in any those just revengers of blood, the Lord God therefore doth authentically establish afresh, a perpetual supereminent power over man and beast, for the orderly execution of that his unchangeable ordinance concerning the lawful revenge of any such wilful murders, telling them thus: 
h Gen. 9.6.  Whosoever sheddeth man's blood, in man, or by man shall his blood be shed, or let his blood be shed. Lo this I assure thee, is the true sense and meaning of that portion of Scripture.  Capn. 
Surely Sir, this sen●e which you give, it seemeth very congruent with the proportion of faith, and scope of the text. Although yet, I have heard say of some who do verily think that 
i joh. calvin in Gen. 9.6.  the Lord (in that text) hath not exactly and purposely put down any politic or positive law concerning the authentical punishment of outrageous murders.  Hydr. 
There are some (I confess) who affirm as thou sayest, and those also of reverend regard with the Churches of God. But whosoever more considerately examineth the apt coherence of this one, with all the precedent verses, he will (I verily suppose) be soon of a contrary mind. For sith the Lord God (by the very tenure of that text) doth directly determine a timely revenge of every such wilful murders by the subordinate ministery of some one man or other: what man is he that may unblamably undertake the timely execution of that self same determined revenge, but only some such a one as the Lord himself hath publicly and powerfully enabled thereunto? Besides that, if we consider somewhat more strictly, the very main reason itself which the Lord God hath purposely rendered for the undoubted approbation of such a ministerial revenge: we shall find (in my judgement) the matter more evident than that it may probably be impugned of any. For whereas Noah, and his sons (conceiving some doubt concerning the matter propounded) might have made this exception, saying: Lord thou hast told us even now, that the outrageous spiller of any man's blood shall undoubtedly be sure to have his own blood spilled again by man: but here show us (we pray thee) what one man in the world may revengingly shed such a murderer's blood, and not be made guilty of bloodshed himself? That may the magistrate to (saith the Lord) into whose authentical hands alone, I have (for such a determined revenge) even purposely put 
k Rom. 13.4.  my revenging sword. Lo, here is the proper coherence, and the purposed scope of this present text.  Capn. 
Very well. But why may such a man do it more than another, and not be made guilty of murder himself?  Hydr. 
For answer herein, let me first ask thee this question: namely, Whether thou believest that the Lord God himself may take an immediate revenge of innocent blood upon the murdering person?  Capn. 
That I do verily believe; both because he hath justly decreed such just revenge: and for that also he (being only the supereminent God) may 
l 1 Sam. 3.18.  Do whatsoever seemeth good in his own eyes, without the check or controlment of any.  Hydr. 
Well, and that which he may immediately so work by himself alone, may he not likewise mediately accomplish the same, by the ordinary means of another?  Capn. 
Yes Sir, he may work either by himself, or by another, what pleaseth himself. But sith he hath unchangeably determined such a revenge upon any the causeless spiller of blood, how may this his mediate revenger of blood perform such an action more than another, and not be guilty of bloodshed himself?  Hydr. 
Such a man may unblamably do it (saith God) because I myself (for that self same purpose) have undoubtedly substituted him thereunto, according to 
m Gen. 9.6.  the very image of that mine own majestical sovereignty. That is, I have (in a more especial manner) advanced him to such an excellent service, by investing his person more properly with a most lively resemblance of mine own revenging power: & by making him especially, the authentical representation or the express image of that mine own immaculate justice against malefactors. Thus then, these words of the Lord, namely (for 
n Gen. 9.6.  in the image of God hath he made man) they are even purposely annexed to that the precedent decree of the Lord, as the very main reason why such a substituted magistrate may powerfully and unblamably require like of a murderer as a decreed revenge of the murder committed: namely, because (for that self same business) he is the authentical image of the Almighty his absolute authority.  Capn. 
Surely Sir, those words (as you say) they seem to have in them a very probable reason of that the precedent decree concerning the just revenger of blood: and are therefore even purposely annexed thereto, for a further confirmation thereof. Howbeit, some others (by your leave) they do imagine that these words (
o Gen. 9 6.  for in the image of God hath he made man) they were 
p johan. Cal●inus, in Gen. 9.6.  not put down there for any such supposed confirmation of the magistrate his subordinate power, as yourself do seem to affirm; but as an amplification rather, to aggravate the sin of such murder committed: telling the murderer thus, that not only he hath been most injurious to the man whom he murdered, but that also the Lord his supereminent Majesty is mightily wronged thereby, 
q Gen. 1.26.  because his own image in man (by such an outrageous murder) is most monstrously mangled, marred, and (in a manner) defaced.  Hydr. 
Although this which those men affirm, be (in it own self) such a sanctified truth as proportionably consorteth with the analogy of faith: yet is it not truly collected (I verily think) from that portion of Scripture, if we more strictly consider the same according to the main purpose of the Almighty himself. Because these words (the image of God) they have not any such reference there to the murdered man, but rather to the magistrate himself, so severely revenging the murder committed. The Lord very plainly declaring thereby, that 
r Tremelius in Gen. 9.6. Petrus Martyrus in Gen. 9.6.  not only a just revenge must severely be executed upon the outrageous murderers, but that also, the said revenge must only be orderly undertaken by a man authentically endued with the authority of God. Yea and this sense of the place may yet more evidently break forth to every man's apprehension, if we advisedly consider, first the several significations of the image of God: and then next, if we examine more strictly the word 
s 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  gnasa itself, put down in the forenamed text.  Capn. 
Show me first (I beseech you) the several significations of the image of God.  Hydr. 
Touching the several significations of that self-same image, so frequent and ordinary in sacred Scriptures, we have here to observe, that a man is said to be made according to the image of God, in a threefold respect: namely first, respecting the nature of his soul: the same being a spiritual essence, immortal, eternal, invisible, and very significantly resembling the immortality, eternity, and invisibility of his Lord and Creator. And in an especial regard hereof, each man (so created) is fitly called 
t Gen. 2.7. 1 Cor. 15.45.  a living soul Secondly, a man is not unaptly said to be created also according to the image of God, in an only respect of the essential qualities of that his said soul, namely, righteousness, and holiness: because man also was therein accordingly created after 
u Gen. 1.26. Eph. 4.24 Col. 3.10.  the image of God. And thirdly, a man may very well be said to be created also in the image of God, in a more special respect of the holy attributes thereof bestowed upon him, namely, dominion, dignity, and glory: because man also himself (even by a more special dispensation from God) obtained from God 
x Gen 1.26. and 9 2. Psal. 8.5.6.7.  a most princely sovereignty over all the inferior creatures, as also more specially 
y Gen. 3.16. and 4.7. Wisd. 4.7. and 9 6. 1 Cor. 11.7.  concerning mankind.  Capn. 
This Sir (I confess) is marvelous strange, and more than ever I heard. But what do you infer from this threefold signification of the image of God?  Hydr. 
Even that which notably tendeth to the timely confirmation of our purpose concerning the true ●ence of this text. For we may not (in any wise) understand this portion of Scripture according to that primary signification of the image of God, namely, according to the spiritual essence, immortality, eternity, and invisibility of man's soul: because therein the soul of man was made immortal; and the Lord speaketh here precisely of that image of God in man, wherein man's blood may be spilled, which cannot properly be said concerning man's soul. Neither may we understand this portion of Scripture according to that secondary signification of the said image of God, namely, according to the essential qualities of that self-same soul, I mean, true righteousness, and holiness: because those the essential qualities appertaining to the soul of man, as they were utterly lost in our forefather Adam, so surely (being now eternally restored to a man in Christ) they are no way subjecteth to any such outrageous spilling of blood. And therefore we must necessarily understand this making of man in the image of God, according to the third signification of the image of God, namely, according to that 
z 1 Cor. 11.7 See Calvin. ●hera.  divine dominion, power, or sovereignty which (by the special dispensation of God) is more especially designed to some such special persons as are (by his absolute authority) to take a just revenge upon all malefactors.  Capn. 
Surely Sir, this threefold signification of the image of God, doth show forth the true sense of that text by sundry degrees 
a 2 Pet. 1.19.  like the day-dawne in the morning. But how may this sense be yet further confirmed from a more strict examination of the word gnasa, put down in that text?  Hydr. 
Exceedingly well. Because the word gnasa, (which is there translated (made) it may not properly be referred to that special work of creation wherein Adam 
b Gen. 2.7. 1 Cor. 15.45.  was primarily 
c Gen. 1.26. and 5.1. Ephes. 4.24. Col. 3.10.  or secondarily made according to the said image of God, concerning either the essential being, or the essential qualities of that his said soul, which are no way subjecteth to any such outrageous spilling of blood: and therefore it cannot be rightly referred to either of them.  Capn. 
Oh yes Sir, marvelous fitly, especially if the word gnasa, be used indifferently for that threefold signification of the image of God.  Hydr. 
It were certainly true as thou sayest, if the word gnasa indeed, were used indifferently for every of those several significations of the said image of God. And therefore, we have here now to consider afresh, that as the holy Ghost hath purposely distinguished those several significations of the image of God the one from the other: so hath he precisely observed three several words in the original tongue, to set forth the different degrees of those the said actions of God, according to their different conditions.  Capn. 
What are those three several words, I beseech you?  Hydr. 
The first word is 
d 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  bara, that is, to create, or to make: and more properly it betokeneth 
e Gen. 1.1.  the bringing out of something, without any matter at all preexisting in nature. And even so accordingly this word bara, it is used sometimes 
f Gen. 1.1. and 5.1.  for creation; sometimes again 
g Gen. 1.11. and 2.18.  for procreation; or the bringing of one thing from out of another, and sometimes also for 
h Psal. 51.12.  recreation, or making again: because every of these three several actions there appeareth a wonderful inherent power in God, who 
i Psal. 135.6.  worketh whatsoever pleaseth himself in heaven and earth: and 
k Rom. 4.17.  calleth those things which are not, as though they were.  
Secondly, the Lord sometimes useth the word 
l 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  sarath, which properly and naturally signifieth to 
m Iere. 6.29.  burn up, to boil, to melt metal, to try forth by fire, and so metaphorically, to 
n Psal. 26.2. and 66.10. Isa. 48.10.  try out the children of men, to search through their hearts and their ways: also sometimes if signifieth to 
o Isa. 43.7.  to form, or to fashion a thing, and to bring it unto that exact and absolute condition which 
p 1 Cor. 15.22.  doth proportionably consent with the primary pattern thereof.  
And thirdly, the Lord sometime also he useth the word 
q 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  gnasa put down in this portion of Scripture, as also 
r Gen. 4 9 and 5.1. Isa. 41.4.  in sundry other places where occasion requireth. The which word (in like manner) is diversly observed in the sacred Scriptures, according to the diverse and sundry occasions offered. For sometimes it signifieth 
s Gen. 1.11.  the timely producing, and the orderly bringing forth of the fruits of the earth according to Nature's primary appointment; sometimes it signifieth 
t Gen. 14.5. Ezech. 28.4.  the procuring, the getting, and the gathering, together of things, as men usually do, when they gather up goods and treasures; sometimes it signifieth 
u Gen. 18.7.  to provide, to prepare, or to make ready a thing, as men commonly do, when they prepare and make ready their meat for the hungry traveling persons; sometimes it signifieth 
x Psal. 115.3.  to do, to make, to fashion, to form, or to finish a thing, as the Lord did his works in the first creation; sometimes it signifieth 
y Exod. 10.25. Leuit. 16.9.  to present with sacrifice, or to offer up sacrifice as men usually do in the service of God; yea sometimes again it signifieth 
z Deut. 32.6. 1 Sam. 12.6.  to advance, to extol, to grace, or to magnify, as men commonly do unto some such special persons as they advance unto dignity, and even so is the word gnasa 
a Gen. 9.6.  used in this our present text.  Capn. 
I perceive the variety of significations concerning those the forenamed three words, but what do you observe from the same?  Hydr. 
Surely, even that which sufficiently tendeth to the true opening of this portion of Scripture according to that only sense which I set down before. For seeing the holy Ghost hath not here put down the word bara, which properly betokeneth the creating of something from out of nothing preexisting in nature; neither yet hath used the word tsarath, which properly signifieth to form or fashion a thing (as it were) by melting the same in a mould: therefore, this portion of Scripture (being not purposely declared by any of those two words) it cannot properly be understood of that primary image of God which more particularly respecteth the first creation of man; and so consequently the special reason comprehended therein, it can have no such peculiar reference to that murdered man in whom the created image of God is so defaced. Moreover, sith the holy Ghost doth precizely put down in this portion of Scripture, neither bara, nor tsarath, but the only word gnasa, which properly betokeneth to advance, to extol, or to magnify with honour, as I told thee before: therefore the text cannot significantly be resolved thus; For in the primary image of God, hath the Lord created or form that murdered man: but rather more proportionably thus; For in the secondary image of God, hath the Lord advanced, and magnified that his subordinate revenger of innocent blood. And so the main reason rendered there in that text, it hath (thou mayst see) a much more peculiar reference to such a revenger of innocent blood as is peculiarly authorized thereunto according to that divine image of sovereignty, wherein such a revenger (by a peculiar dispensation from God) is authentically advanced, extolled, and most honourably magnified. Now then, the Almighty jehovah (protesting to Noah and the rest, that the 
b Gen. 9.5.  outrageous spiller of any man's blood▪ should by man have his own blood spilled again in a just revenge) doth presently put down the main reason, why such a subordinate revenger of blood may boldly, and unblamably accomplish that business: namely, because such a man (such a ministerial revenger of blood I mean) is authentically form or made in the image of God; or (to speak more significantly and properly according to the original text) because such a subordinate revenger, is authentically advanced, dignified, extolled, or magnified with the authentical image, or lively resemblance 
c Gen. 9.6. Rom. 13.4.  of that the Almighty his majestical sovereignty, wherewith he may boldly and unblamably execute vengeance upon all such malefactors as are formerly condemned to death for any their enormous or capital crimes. Lo Capnistus, this (I assure thee) is the very true sense and meaning of that portion of Scripture.  Capn. 
Surely Sir, this sense which you give (in my proper conceit) it is without all contradiction. More especially, if those the former three words be not mere Synonimons, words (I mean) of one and the self-same signification, but are used rather (as you say) for such different terms as are purposely put down by 
d joh. 14.16.17.  the spirit of truth, to distinguish those the forenamed three actions of God, according to their different, and diverse conditions.  Hydr. 
There is (I assure thee) no question thereof. Yea and therefore the 
e Rome 16.27.  only wise God (to take quite away all colourable shows of any such idle conceit) hath of very purpose compacted and coupled even those the former three words (I mean, bara, tsarath and gnasa) all jointly together in one and the self same verse, yea and (which more is by much) for those the three former different respects which we precizely spoke of before, saying thus: Every one shall be called by my name, for 
f Isa. 43.7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  berathiu, ietsarethiu, aph-gnasithiu that is, I have created him, I have form him, yea I have exalted him.  
We may not therefore too too grossly imagine that these three several words were here put down by the Prophet, only for bate Synonimons, as words (I mean) of one and the same signification; for so should he have made but an idle tautology, that is, but a superfluous and a needless repetition of one and the self same matter, propounded thus: I have created him, I have created him, I have created him. But those three several words they are used there rather 
g See Tremelius in Isa 43.7.  as different terms, or as an elegant gradation, to set forth more succinctly, the excellent and most admirable order of the Lord his exceeding great kindness towards the elect. For first of all the Prophet he telleth the people, that (from the very first hour of their creation) the Lord 
h Pro. 16.4.  hath ordained them to his own everlasting glory 
i Eph. 1.5.  according to the eternal purpose of his own will. Then next, that he formeth or fashioneth them afresh, being fearfully fallen from their former integrity: that is, 
k Rom. 8.30.  he calleth, justifieth and preserveth them to himself, by this holy Spirit of regeneration, And lastly, that he advanceth, extolleth, or magnifieth them with a sovereign dominion, dignity and honour 
l 1 Sam. 12.6.  both in this, and the life to come.  Capn. 
The matter (as you make it) both seem very probable. But yet do tell me (I pray you) wherefore you yourself have purposely translated the word gnasa put down in that place (advanced or magnified) rather than (made or form that man in the image of God) as it is usually turned in many of our Latin and English Bibles?  Hydr. 
I have purposely translated the word gnasa so, for three principal reasons. First, because (among the manifold significations of that word set down before) it is no improper, but a most proper signification of the word itself. Secondly, for that the very coherence and purpose of that present text doth even proportionably require that self same translation. And thirdly, because (in sundry other places 
m Deut. 32.6.15. 1 Sam. 12.6.  of Scripture beside) the same word gnasa (upon the like urgent occasion, by many most excellent and learned 
n See R. D. Kimbi, in 1. Sam. 12.6. See Tremelius in Deut. 32.6.15. and 1. Sam. 12.6. Isa. 43.7. Isa. 46.4.  Linguists) is ordinarily and usually translated, to advance, to extol, and to magnify with a sovereign dignity, dominion, pre-eminence, or princely power. As in Deuteronomie thus, Is not the Lord God thy Father, that hath redeemed thee, that hath magnified thee, that hath proportioned thee? And a little after, thus: He forsook God that magnified him, and regarded not the strong God of his salvation. Also in Samuel, thus: It is the Lord that magnified Moses and Aaron, and brought your fathers out of the land of Egypt. Also in▪ Isaiah thus: Every one shall be called by my name (saith the Lord) for I created him, I form him, I magnified him. And again in another place thus: I the same, even I will bear you until the hoar hairs, I have magnified you; I will also bear you, I will carry you, and I will deliver you. Where also he useth the like elegant gradation, (though in different terms) to that which he spoke of before. Now then, sith such excellent Linguists (notwithstanding the forenamed opposition in some of our Latin, and English Bibles) have thus (upon urgent occasion from those the former propounded 
o Deut. 30.6.15. 1 Sam. 12.6. Isa. 43.7. and 46.4.  Scriptures) of very purpose translated the word gnasa (not made, but magnified rather) according to the natural signification thereof: why may not I Capnistus (upon a like urgent occasion from the text itself) translate the word gnasa, put down 
p Gen. 9.6.  in Genesis (not made, but magnified man in the image of God) notwithstanding any thy pretended opposition in the forenamed Bibles?  Capn. 
Surely Sir, I see no reason at all why the like lawful liberty herein, may not (upon equal occasion) be used by you, which was formerly used of others, yea and so much the rather, by how much the sense which yourself have given concerning this portion of Scripture, is thereby made so apparently evident to each man's apprehension, as that I (for mine own part) am presently constrained to 
q Esdr. 4.41.  cry out and say thus, Oh great is the truth, & must needs prevail.  Hydr. 
If any beside they self do yet seem scrupulous concerning this sense of the place, I do here purposely refer him (for further satisfaction herein) to that the authentical interpretation thereof which our Saviour himself, and the holy spirit of God (upon just occasion) have authentically put down: saying thus unto Peter (and all other whatsoever being only but persons of private regard) Put up thy sword into his place, 
r Math. 26.51. Revel. 13.10.  for all that take the sword, shall perish with the sword, Wherein our Saviour Christ doth 
s See calvin in Mat. 26.10.  make no restraint of the Magistrate his lawful authority in the use of the sword: but only inhibites an ●surped authority, or a lawless abuse thereof. And therefore, these words in Matthew 
t 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 accipientes.  hoilabóntes, that is, all that take the sword, would rather be translated (saith Beza) thus 
u See Theod. Beza in Mat. 26.52.  omnes usurpantes, that is, every one usurping the sword shall perish with the sword. Yea and so the Hebrew word 
x 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  nasa (saith he) whereunto answereth the Greek word, tò lambánein, is eftsoons observed in 
y Exod. 20.7. Deut. 5.11. Psal. 50.16.  the sacred Scriptures. And in very deed, those men, they may justly be said to take, that is, to usurp the sword, to whom the same is not purposely given by the Lord himself, or who do abuse the said sword beyond the appointed limits and bounds of their proper calling. As did Peter there, and as all others before the law written should undoubtedly have done: had not the Almighty lawgiver (in that 
z Gen. 9.6.  ninth of Genesis) authentically enabled their persons to take just revenge upon any the outrageous spiller of innocent blood. Thus than I hope the Magistrates authority (concerning such a sanctified use of the sword) was sufficiently established among the old patriarchs, even by that self-same legal decree which the Almighty concluded there with Noah, and the rest immediately after the flood. Wherein also I have laboured the matter so much the more, by how much I would not willingly (without very apparent reason) be said to dissent from so worthy & reverend a man, concerning the true and natural sense of that portion of Scripture: as also to let thyself and the rest perceive, that his majesties power (so authentically suppressing those our rebellious Tobacconists) was no ways made guilty of shedding their blood.  Capn. 
The truth thereof is so apparently evident, as (I think) all men but such as are purposely blind, will freely acknowledge the same. But yet Sir, they and their underhand favourites do exceedingly wonder, that so many poor souls should be put to the sword, being all English men borne, and bred in our country.  Hydrophorus. 
How many (thinkest thou) were put to the sword?  Capn. 
I do not certainly know the number myself, but the report goeth currently in many men's mouths, that there were fourteen score slain and hurt at the least.  Hydr. 
What marvel is it, though such a false report ran currently among that disordered company, sith their words seemed 
a Psal. 55.21.  softer than butter, when (not withstanding) there was war in their hearts: & seeing their speech appeared more smooth ●hen oil, when as yet they imagined nothing but mischief, being not unlike to 
b Psal. 52.2.  a very sharp razor which cutteth so deceitefully, as hardly a man may perceive the same. But oh impudent mouths, which are no whit ashamed (under a falsely pretended coverture of fourteen score persons) to shelter fourteen score lies and four at the least: for there were not slain above sixteen persons at most. Notwithstanding, behold here the bad disposition of those our monstrous Minotaures? For as they had desperately 
c Psal. 55.20.  laid their bloody hands before upon such as were sound at peace with every of them, and broken the holy covenant of their dutiful subjection to his majesties power: so surely (to hide the horror of that their horrible enterprise) they are not now ashamed to make known to the world, that they 
d Psal. 52.3.  do rather love evil, then that which is good, and do take a far greater delight to broach abroad lies, then to utter the truth of the matter.  Capn. 
But yet Sir (notwithstanding all this) they do boldly affirm, that a most barbarous cruelty was shelved upon silly poor women and children; one woman being savagely killed with two young babes in her womb, another run bloodily through with a spear, the one end thereof sticking fast in the ground, and the other end being pitifully shattered on pieces in her harmless sides: also upon old men, women and children, being but weeding their corn in the fields: and lastly, upon poor passengers likewise, that did but travel by the way.  Hydr. 
It seemeth rather (by the purport of thy speech) that a most barbarous villainy is used against his majesties soldiers, by these most barbarous and savage reports. Howbeit, it now plainly appears, that these barbarous Cannibals can do nothing else but 
e Psal. 140.3. Rom. 3.13.  use their bad tongues to deceit▪ that they 
f Psal. 140.3.  have sharpened their said tongues like a serpent; that 
g Rom. 3.13.  the poison of Asps is under their lips; and that they 
h Psal. 64.3.  delight in nothing at all, but to shoot out their arrows (I mean) most bitter and venomous words. For I assure thee this on my credit, that there was killed neither woman nor child; neither yet any one creature weeding their corn, was so much as once challenged at all. It may be (I confess, which yet I believe can never be proved) that some one passenger (carelessly crowding himself in the midst of the throng as they fled) received some little hurt at unawares, but wittingly and willingly not touched at all: and therefore those his majesties soldiers are most barbarously belied by these their beastly reports. Howbeit, the best remedy they have against 
i jer. 18.18.  those deadly strokes of the tongue, is (with good David) to cry out to the Lord and say, 
k Psal. 140.1.2.  Deliver us oh Lord from the evil men, preserve us fro! such pestilent persons, and protect our harmless souls from all those lying lips which 
l Psal. 120.2.  imagine but evil things in their rebellious hearts, and stir up a deadly strife all the day long; which do 
m Psal. 52.2.  mischievously furmize all manner of words that may do hurt, oh false deceitful tongues. But thou oh Lord wilt 
n Psal. 21.12.  shoot an arrow suddenly at every of them, yea their deadly strokes they shall be at once. They shall cause their own tongues to fall pat on their pates, in so much as whosoever seeth them shall flee from them, and say thus unto every of them: 
o Psal. 120.3.  What good have those your deceitful tongues procured unto you? or what do those your venomous mouths avail you at all? Hath not the Almighty jehovah destroyed you for ever? hath he not plucked you out from your tabernacles, and made you a present terror to those that pass by the way: when they daily behold what monuments of mischief you are justly become to all disobedient and rebellious rascals? Even so 
p judg. 5.31.  let all thine enemies perish oh Lord, that shall any ways raise up themselves against thine anointed, but let all those that love thee and thy saving health, be even as the Sun, when he ariseth in his strength. So be it Lord jesus. Thus than thou seest now Capnistus, that (notwithstanding any their barbarous babble abroad) his majesties power is every way freed from blame: and those 
q Gen. 4.10.11  cursed cain's themselves are every way guilty of spilling their own and their confederates blood, either then in the skirmish, or at any time since, in the orderly execution of justice upon them.  Capn. 
Good Sir, I do not as yet perceive, how they themselves should be made guilty of any man's blood but their own, unless haply they did most outrageously lay their violent hands upon any their associates slain.  Hydr. 
They they themselves became guilty of their own, and their confederates blood, it is more than apparently evident. Because howsoever it be necessary that offences should come, yet 
r Math. 18.7.  woe be to that man whatsoever, by whom the offence first cometh on foot. Yea and the civil law telleth us confidently, that 
s Qui occasionem damni dat: damnum dedisse videtur.  whosoever administereth an occasion of hurt, that man is accounted the doer of the hurt itself. Moreover, if their laying of violent hands upon any of those their associates (though otherwise, never so worthy of death) had undoubtedly made them guilty of that their blood: what a dangerous condition then, are those wretches in (thinkest thou) before the Majesty of the immortal God, who so desperately combined themselves in one, and with such bloody and murdering resolutions made haste to murder his majesties authentical power? Yea and (which more is by much) what a fearful case are those blind Cannibals in before God in their conscience, who so causelessly, so cruelly, so cursedly, and with most rebellious minds to the King his excellent Majesty, did so villainously execute such a villainous, merciless, and monstrous massacre upon 
s Sir Henry Fowkes Knight.  that excellent Captain, who was the deputed conductor of his majesties power for the present? whose experimented valour for service of weighty importance, and whose admirable worth for the timely achieving of any notable exploit, is famous throughout the whole world; yea and whose woeful want for future employments of trust, is ten thousand times more than would be the want of an hundred thousand of such silly freshwater soldiers as rebelliously bare armour then against his said majesties authentical power. Well, sith i● is now as it is, let them praise God with all their hearts, for his majesties exceeding great clemency in so pardoning, and sparing their lives for the present; and let them (in God's holy name) endeavour now to spend the remainder of their woeful days, in an earnest and hearty desire to be freed forthwith from 
t Psal. 51.14.  that one blood-guiltiness above all the rest, before the presence of God; lest good Abel his innocent blood 
u Gen. 4.14. Heb. 12.24.  do continually cry out for vengeance against them: and themselves (being justly cast forth from the face of the earth) begin with horror of conscience 
x Gen. 4.14. Pro. 17.11. Isa. 19.4. jer. 50.41.42.  to run hither and thither like runagate-vagabonds, being hourly afraid to be cruelly killed of every one that shall but happen to meet them. Lo Capnistus, this is the worst I wish to them all, and this is the best I can do for them.  
In the mean time, thou mayst now very plainly perceive by that which is spoken, what a pestilent crew of pernicious persons all those our disordered Tobacconists were (for the present) to the public good of our State; as also, what further mischiefs might forthwith have followed upon those their mischievous attempts, had not our merciful God (by the provident care of those his majesties most prudent magistrates) very mercifully met with the mischiefs in time: Namely, many mutinous broils among our own selves; civil dissensions in every coast, the spending of ourselves against our own selves, much spilling of English blood, a present spoil of all the good blessings of God, the opening of a fearful gap to foreign invasions, most cruel massacres on every side, with an extreme hazard of King, of Queen, of kingly offspring, of our happy estate, yea & of this our flourishing kingdom also, without the more mercy of our merciful God.  Capn. 
It is undoubtedly true as you say. And therefore the Lord of his infinite mercies forgive all men their sins in deserving, and those men their sins in attempting such horrible beginnings of mischief.  Hydr. 
The Lord God say amen to the same, for the merits of jesus Christ. Now then, (to knit up the second part of this our present discourse in a summary speech) sith those the disordered courses of our graceless Tobacconists are every way so exceedingly hurtful to their own proper persons, first by poisoning their bodies and souls, and then next, by procuring a prodigal dispending of their ancient patrimonies and other preferments; sith they are so unnaturally injurious to their own wives & children, by causing their needless poverty, and woeful complaints; sith they are so barbarously cruel towards their poor Tenants, for the chargeable supply of their unnecessary wants; sith they are so outrageously resolute upon the present spoil of other men's substance; sith they are so fearfully opposite to the well settled peace of our country; sith they are so starely repugnant to the good established laws of our land; sith they are so dangerously occurring to the public peace of our sovereign Lord the King; sith they are so proudly rebellious to his majesties sovereign power; sith they are such inevitable provocations to the untimely spilling of their own and other men's blood; briefly, sith they are the horrible beginnings of many mutinous broils, of civil dissensions, of spending ourselves, of spilling much blood, of spoiling the present good blessings of God, of opening a fearful gap to foreign invations, of cruel massacres, of an extreme hazard to our gracious King, our Queen, the royal Progeny, to our happy Estate, and most flourishing kingdom: Let their own proper bodies, their patrimonies, their wives, their children, their poor oppressed Tenants, their honest good neighbours, the quiet of our country, the laws of our land, the public peace of our sovereign Lord the King, his majesties sovereign power, their own and other men's bloods, the foreign powers about us, our King, our Queen, the whole Progeny, our present good, the flourishing state of our kingdom, yea and Capnistus also himself, in the name of those our disordered Tobacconists; let all these (I say) both jointly, and severally conclude with me, and for me, whether those their filthy Tobacco fumes are, not only pernicious to their own proper bodies, but over proflwious also for those our ●isordered Tobacconists purses, and too too pestiferous to the present good of our public State.  Capn. 
Surely Sir, I (for mine own part) do not only conclude it an infallible truth from my very heart root, but will (herewithal) very readily afford you a general applaud from the rest, and myself: praising the Almighty with heart and mouth, that it was his gracious providence to bring me so right in your company, before that I entered upon my purposed voyage: protesting withal from an unfeigned heart, to have from henceforth those filth Tobacco fumes in no less detestation than the devil of hell.  Hydr. 
Not so Capnistus. For howsoever I am heartily glad to hear thee brought now into such a deadly deflation with those their former Tobacco fumes, yet let not my present speech, bring any such prejudice to that thy purposed voyage. Thou art a proper young man, of exceeding great hope in our country, even now in thy best flourishing state; and youngmen (thou knowest) by traveling foreign countries, may haply attain to a notable experience; besides that, this thy purposed adventure, may become very gainful unto thee.  Capn. 
I am a young man (Sir) I confess; and therefore do stand in more need of a sound and settled experience. Howbeit, I have now gathered (I thank my good God) such an experimented and sanctified wisdom from this your present discourse, as doth very plainly demonstrate unto me, the palpable foolery of all my former West India voyages. Although this I acknowledge withal, that (if my purposed journey had this way been prosperous) I could (by the only traffic of Tobacco itself) have clearly gained three hundred pounds by my voyage at least; so vainly are our vain Englishmen affected after a vain, and vanishing filthy fume. But Sir, (Gods holy name be blessed) I begin now to abhor the gain that is enterprised with such imminent perils, and accomplished also with such endless pains. For what will it 
y Marc. 8.36. Luke. 9.25.  profit a man to win the whole world, and lose his own soul? And (Sir) you told me but even now, that 
z Qui occasionem damni dat, damnum dedisse videtur.  Whosoever but administereth an occasion of mischief, he is the principal master of that mischief himself.  Hydr. 
That is certainly so. But God grant Capnistus, that this so forward a protestation prove not a fire-flash, resembling those sudden flames of thy filthy Tobacco fumes, which (being suddenly kindled with the flame of a candle) are as suddenly quenched with good ale fumes. Yea I beseech the Almighty with all my heart, that this thy sudden illumination prove not (in the end) and odd Interjection, I mean, some sudden passion of a passionate mind prolated under an unperfect voice, and thereupon as suddenly vanish away like a flash or a fume.  Capn. 
Nay Sir, my protestation proceeds from a firm and settled judgement: and (that you may the rather credit my speech) I will tell you what seal shall be set to the same for a further confirmation thereof.  
I have (at this present) two hundred pounds worth of this beastly Tobacco at home in my house; all which (notwithstanding the great value thereof) shall either presently pack to the fire as a burnt oblation for this my advised vow, or else be sent swimming down the Thames at the least, directly towards West India from whence it first came, in an utter detestation of the most detestable fooleries of those our disordered Tobacconists.  Hydr. 
Not so Capnistus. For howsoever the filthy fume of Tobacco taken inward be most pernicious to the bodies of men, yet may there a very good use be made of the herb itself for sundry diseases befalling the bodies of men, as I told thee before.  Capn. 
Good Sir, I am altogether hopeless for ever beholding any good use of that which (being first abusively brought to our country by bad and wild dispositions for the only abuse thereof) hath ever since been beastly abused by like dispositions, and never yet converted to any good use at all. And therefore (for mine own part) I will never regard whatsoever supposed good use may hereafter be made of Tobacco itself, all the while I perceive the present abuse of filthy Tobacco fumes in such earnest request among our disordered Tobacconists: more especially among those our insatiable devourers of all the good blessings of God; and therefore I will (for ever hereafter) beware of giving the least occasion to any such fearful abuse.  Hydr. 
God's holy name be blessed for these his good beginnings of grace, and the Lord multiply his sweet mercies upon thee an hundred fold. But yet thus much I would have thee remember withal, that as it is the undoubted true nature of all those to whom the Lord restoreth 
a Psal. 51.12.13.  the joy of his saving health, and more fully establisheth with the spirit of freedom, to show forth his merciful ways to the wicked: so is it a special duty imposed upon every Christian Convert (being sound converted himself) even then also most seriously to labour 
b Luc. 22.32. joh. 1.40.41.45. 1 Tim. 1.15.16  the sound conversion of all others besides. And therefore (good Capnistus) I pray thee heartily, do thou now make known thy Christian conversion, by that thy Christian care in converting thy brethren. Show thyself 
c Pro. 11.30.  wise (for ever hereafter) in winning of souls: and so shalt thou certainly know, that 
d jam. 5.20.  he which hath converted a sinner from going astray from the ways of the Lord, shall save a soul from death, and cover a multitude of sins.  Hydr. 
Good Sir, my good will that way (by the grace of God) shall never be wanting when, or wheresoever I meet with any of them: how furiously soever their filthy Tobacco fumes do make them to fret, to frown, or to to fume at the same.  Hydr. 
Indeed Capnistus, whensoever thou dost sound undergo such a Christian course, thou must look forthwith for the 
e jer. 18.18.  strokes of the tongue. For thou shalt no sooner begin 
f jer. 20 8.  to proclaim desolation against those their shameful disorders, but the sweet word of the Lord will be made a reproach to thy person, and thyself shall be had in derision for it. Then shalt thou be forced 
g jer. 20.10.  to hear the railings of many, and be assaulted with fear on every side: yea then be thou sure 
h Psal. 41.9. jer. 20.10.  that even those thy former familiars will narrowly watch for thy halting, and daily endeavour to execute all their outrageous villainies upon thee. But 
i 1 Pet. 3.14.  be thou nothing dismayed with any their terrors, fear not their fiery threatenings, neither be thou troubled at all with, the rueful remembrance thereof; nay rather, be thou every hour ready 
k Isa. 50.6.  to offer thy back to those smiters, and thy cheeks to those nippers, and never hide thy face from their shame and spitting. But endure thou with meekness 
l 2. King. 18.22  the outrageous railings of those raging Rabshakeians, and undergo with patience, the 
m 2 Sam. 16.11.12.  causeless curses of any those shameless Shimeiss, because the Lord himself hath bidden them curse: it may be, the Almighty will much more mercifully behold thy affliction, and do thee much good for their cursing that day.  Capn. 
Good Sir, (being thus resolutely bend as I am 
n 1 Sam. 25.28. 1 Cor. 10.4.  to fight the Lords battles, never make you any doubt (I beseech you) but that I have long since 
o Luc. 14.31.  set down, & seriously cast with myself, whether I be able with bare ten thousand, to meet him that cometh against me with twenty thousand, or not. Do as you may be certain of this, that (if I had either felt a fainting heart, or found too feeble a force, I would rather 
p Luc. 14.32.  send an Ambassador, and desire conditions of peace, then desperately adventure myself upon any so bloody a bickering. And therefore, I pray you cease weeping 
q Act. 21.13.  and breaking my heart: because (by the help of my God) I will rather endure ten thousand tortures and torments, then suffer his glorious name to be so deeply dishonoured by any their disordered dealings, or permit his gracious blessings to be so prodigally and so proflwiously 
r jam. 4.3.  dispended upon the inordinate lusts of those our insatiable and lascivious suckers in of filthy Tobacco fumes, if any my private admonitions, or open reproofs may hinder the same.  Hydr. 
If thy resolution be thus, why then, 
s Act. 21.14.  the will of the Lord be done; but in any wise observe (I pray thee) a Christian course in those thy rebukes.  Capn. 
My Worshipful Fathers, and fellows for foreign adventures: We that 
u Psal. 107.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.  go down to the Sea in ships, & occupy our business in huge great waters, we have eftsoons seen the great works of the Lord, and his wonders done in the deep. How he commandeth the stormy winds to arise, and lifteth up those the mighty waves of the Sea, which make our tottering ships mount up to the heavens, and down again to the deep. So as our souls they melt for trouble, to see ourselves tossed to and fro, to stagger like drunken men, and to be hourly brought to our wits end for fear. We remember (I hope) that when we cried heartily out to the Lord in the midst of those our dangerous troubles, he brought us forth from our present distress, by turning those great tempests into a quiet calm, and by causing the waves of the Sea to be still. Lo, than began we to be heartily glad, because we were safely brought to the haven where we longed to be. These things (my dear brethren) we all know to be true in our own proper experience. Oh let us therefore most highly exalt the Lord in the congregation of his people, and praise his great name in the assembly of the Elders. Let not our goodness herein, be 
x Hosh. 6.4.  as a morning cloud, or like to the morning dew that goeth away. Let us not within a while 
y Psal. 106.21  forget God our Saviour: who hath dealt so wonderfully with every of us, above many the sons of mortal men. But let us eftsoons be persuaded, that those terrible storms of wind they did only prognosticate the inevitable storms of God his exceeding great anger against our excessive sins: yea and let us acknowledge withal, that there can be no greater wickedness concerning our ordinary callings, then wittingly to traffic home that from foreign parts, which doth both willingly and wickedly procure a general wasteful consuming of all the good blessings of God. More especially, when those self same blessings are prodigally dispended upon that which not only doth our country people no one good at all, but also which hurteth their health, consumeth their wealth, and hazardeth eftsoons their happy estates.  
Perhaps your good worships do wonder much what this hurtful traffic might be? I will here tell you the same without further delay. It is that our filthy Tobacco fumes which we so dangerously adventure to get; which our own countrymen so greedily devour, and which hath so egregiously endangered our public State. I know there is an exceeding great gain to be gotten thereby: yea I fear me (alas) that too too many of our miserable Merchants (by the very sale thereof) have gotten the devil and all. But accursed be that gain whatsoever 
z Mat. 16.28. Marc. 8.36. Luc. 9.25.  which is so dangerously obtained with the exceeding great grief, and hazard of body and soul in hell. The pernicious, the proflwious, and pestiferous effects of these our filthy Tobacco fumes, do universally appear throughout this whole country of ours, and 
a Mat. 18.7.  woe be to them that are found the primary causers thereof.  
Let not us (my worshipful Fathers, and fellows in foreign adventures) for a private gain to our proper purses, procure the cause of a public bane to our own country people. Let not our inordinate care of superfluous wines, be made an ordindary 
b Psal. 62.2. Isa. 7.20.  razor to our countrie-mens' throats. Let not our preposterous profession, be any occasion at all to our country's perdition. Let us no longer cozen our poor country neighbours, by bringing them home a filthy pestiferous fumes, for their rich and substantial fruits. Let us not still show ourselves to be those insatiable hungry Merchants, who (hearing once what wonderful gain may be got from the intoxicated minds of Mooneheaded Minotaures) do most shamefully 
c 1 Macab. 3.41.  take over with them an abundance of gold and silver, to sell the sons of Israel for slaves, 
d Amos. 8.6 Revel. 18.13.  and to make open sale of the souls of men for old shoes: lest the Almighty revenger of innocent blood 
e 1 Kin. 22 49. 2 Chron 20.37  do break our whole Navy in pieces, and disable them finally for all foreign adventures. Let us not hereafter any more undergo such dangerous voyages for vain and vanishing smoke, but endeavour to traffic home rather 
f 2 Chro. 2.8. and 8.18.  the cedar trees, and fir trees, the Algummin wood, the gold of Ophir, and precious stones: so shall we be worthily esteemed those honest and frugal adventurers who seek rather the public good of our country, than the private gain of our purses. But if (notwithstanding any thing hitherto said) we neither care what bad traffic we buy, nor pass not what excessive prices our poor countrymen pay for our paysonsome pelse, all the while we ourselves may live by their loss, then surely we shall most filthily shame ourselves, and pluck a justly deserved reproach upon our worthy profession.  
For mine own part (my reverend brethren) I had rather undergo (I assure you) ten hundred thousand tortures of death, then but once more to undertake the enriching of mine own self by the sale of that, which not only doth no manner of good, and which is many ways so pernicious to the bodies of men, so proflwious to poor men's purses, and so pestiferous to the public good of my native country. For surely (knowing so much as now by the sweet mercies of my God I do sincerely know, and feeling what comfort by the work of his spirit I presently feel) if I should still continue that my former most covetous, nay rather most cutthroate-like course, all the whole world might justly conclude, that (if time would serve to vent them forth by open sale) I would desperately 
g Revel. 18.13.  adventure (with the Babylonish Merchants) to traffic also from Rome, even Agnus Deies, crucifixes, popish pardons, with other like paltry pelf, by the fearful Tale of any poor countrymen's souls. Yea and (which more is by much) that I would (with the most vicious Venetian Panders) very desirously pack over whole ships-full of sorry Venetian Courteghianes, and most shamefully lease them forth in fee-farm for a filthy lucre.  
Alas (my dear brethren) alas, what a proportionable equity is that (think you) which chaffereth but chaff unto men for their precious wheat; which giveth them goose-quills for their glittering gold; and which only affordeth them a foul thinking fume, for their sevenfold refined silver? Is not this to accomplish that ancient hyperbolical proverb, which so accustomably accompleth each vile contemptible traffic, no better in effect, than 
h Sopho●les in Antigone. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fumi umbra.  the very shadow of smoke? that is, but a vanishing show, without any substance at all. Is not this, to make men believe that we provided them very dainty fine cates, howsoever most dearly bought; when yet (as is usually spoken) we set only before them, 
i Lucianus. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sacrum sine fumo.  an holy sacrifice (forsooth) without any sweet smoke? that is, a poor beggarly banquet, without either beef or browesse at all. Would we our own selves (my reverend masters) be willingly feasted so at other men's tables. Could we (at any hand) endure to pay so excessively dear for our suppers before hand, and (when all cometh to all) be then so conie catchingly fobbed forth with such a vain show of fantastical fooleries: Can we be contented (I pray you) that any one living person (upon any such our former most chargeable payments) should promise us the gainful purchase of golden mountains, and then (for our substantial silver) procure only unto us but 
k Martialis, Vend●e fumos.  the deceitful sale of a most filthy vanishing fume? that is, should make us many great & glorious promises, which notwithstanding are finally destitute of their wished effects. Might we not (my worshipful brethren) for these our insatiable 
l Psal. 59.14.15. Isa. 56.11.  and doglike inordinate desires of greedy gain, be justly termed (not the worshipful Merchant ventures) but rather those worrie-shéep mucke-scrape Vespasian vipers, who (for filling their extraordinary gaping after greedy gain) do make an ordinary sale (being spoken with reverence) of their most filthy stinking stale? Yea and (which more vile is) when at any time their godly minded Matrons, or their sanctified sons (with great anguish of heart, and grief of mind) do but once seem to distaste or dislike of such kind of sale, even then (most contemptuously) to proffer the most poisonsome stink of that stinking gain to their sanctified noses, bidding them boldly to smell thereof, and then tell him withal, whether that same silver (so gathered together) doth not yield as redolent a savour as any of the sweetest gold couched up long since intheir Cabinets made of spruce. By this means making good upon their own paltry pates the pestiferous Vespasian proverb; which telleth them plainly, that 
m Vespasianus, Lucribonus est odor ex re qualibet.  the savour of insatiable gain (from what filthy matter soever the same ariseth) doth afford as fragrant a smell to those their insatiable and hungersterued nostrils, as any the finest civet or musk. Thereby also canonizing that heathenish Poet for a Preacher of truth; who 
n Ennius, unde habeat curat nemo, sed oportet habere.  telleth them plainly thus: 
From whence it comes we never care:  
So it may fall unto our share.   
Perhaps your good worhips would willingly know the main reason itself, why those filthy muck merchants should become such hungersterued Heluoes, concerning 
o Auri sacra fames.  the holy hunger of gold, such greedy gormandizers of filthy gain, yea and such insatiable Philargyrians, in gathering treasures together: the reason hereof (saith Zenodor) is only this, namely, because 
p Zenodorus, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Mendicantium sacculi, semper inanes.  the needy beggar's satchel can never be satisfied.  
Now then, if we also ourselves (my worshipful masters) should (in these our seafaring courses) declare ourselves to be such: were we not very well worthy (even for this only respect) to be no less odiously esteemed of, and therein also as deservedly (in all points) to be dealt withal, as was that notable conie chatcher Thurinus, in the days of Alexander Severus? Who (being sharply accused, and presently produced before the said Alexander, for that he (remaining otherwise in no favour at all with his Majesty) did notwithstanding, continually bear the silly poor subjects in hand that he was all in all, and in excellent account with his Highness. By this base and paltry practice (under an only pretence of speaking for them to his Majesty) he did very peevishly pilfer much money from out of the poor men's purses. Howbeit (so soon as that his said knavery broke forth to the open view of the world, and the same accordingly made known to the King) he was forthwith adjudged to be surely made fast to a stake, and (having great store of green wood then kindled about him) to be so smothered to death by the violent smoke of that fire: The Executioner also then crying out to the bystanders and saying thus; He 
q Martialis dignus ut fumo pereat, qui fumos vendidit  is worthily adjudged to perish with smoke, who hath so deceitfully sold forth his smoke unto others. And herein moreover that conie catching companion did personally accomplish the old ancient Proverb which speaketh thus: 
r Lucianus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 F●mum fugiens, in flammam incidi.  By flying from smoke, I fell forthwith into the flame itself.  
These the precedent matters being now more naturally, and more exactly considered, with their several circumstances concurring also therewith, let us in God's name (my worshipful fathers and fellows) at no time hereafter after give any further offence this way: but very conscionably and carefully (from henceforth) carry ourselves towards all sorts of people, 
s 1 Cor. 10.32.  whether they be jews, Gentiles, or the Churches of Christ. Let us heedfully 
t 1 Thess. 5. 2●  abstain from all appearance of evil. So shall the Lord God 
u Psal. 128.1.2. etc.  abundantly bless us: so shall the King's Majesty 
x Rom. 13.4.  most powerfully protect us; so shall our dear countrymen 
y 1 Tim. 2.1.2.  pray heartily for us; so shall not the land at any time hereafter 
z Gen. 15.16.  vomit us forth for filthy Amorites; yea so shall we be sure to have 
a Rom. 12 18. Heb. 12.14.  peace in our conscience with God and men. Lo (Sir) this I assure you (if the Lord God say amen to my purpose intended) shall be the whole and the only course that I will take with these kind of men.  Hydr. 
Surely Capnistus, I do freely approve of this thy purposed course: yea and I doubt not at all, but that so many of them also as have but one half dram of God's holy fear in their secret hearts, as have but one scruple of true honesty in their open foreheads, yea as have but one only grain of common humanity in their ordinary courses, will every of them very conscionably, & most carefully account of the same. As for those insatiable companions, of whom thou didst speak even now, there is no hope at all to prevail with any of them. For 
b jer. 13.23.  can the black More change his skin? or is it possible the Leopard should after his spots? Then also may those men learn to do good, who have been accustomed so long to do evil. Otherwise, howsoever 
c jere. 4.22.  they may be wise enough to do evil, yet to do well they have no wisdom within them at all. But now show me what course thou wilt take with the rest.  Capn. 
The course I intent to take with them, shall be this. Having first made thoroughly known to every of them, this your present discourse, I will then wish them withal, for very shame to remember themselves in time, to give over all those their former carousing courses with speed; to forbear now any longer to make such beastly swine of themselves, by swillings in so superfluously the manifold blessings of God; to abandon all their former unnatural dealings towards their own wives & children, towards their true hearted Tenants, towards their honest poor neighbours, and natural country. To take heed moreover, lest (in pursuing such a superfluous supply to their insatiable gulling throats) they do not procure 
d Amos. 4.6.  a cleanness of teeth throughout the whole kingdom; lest (in going about such an unorderly augmentation of tillage) they 
e Isa. 24.5.  do not cause the whole earth to deceive the dressers thereof; lest (by this their inordinate swallowing down of their filthy Tobacco fumes) they do 
f Isa. 24.9.  make their sweetest drinks to be mingled with Myrrh, and to have a most bitter farewell to all the drinks thereof; lest (by procuring such a needless havoc of wine, ale, and beer) they themselves 
g Lam. 5.4.  be constrained to drink their own water for money; lest (instead of 
h Isa. 5.12.  the harp, the viol, the timbrel, the pipe, and the wine at their extraordinary wanton feasts) they be driven 
i Ezech. 12.18  to eat their own bread with a trembling fear, and to drink their water with trouble and carefulness; lest (for their former most filthy abuse of the manifold blessings of God) the Lord himself 
k Ezech. 5.16.  do shoot forth the arrows of famine among them, and break the staff of their bread in pieces; lest (for this their abundance of victuals now) they 
l Ezech. 4.9.10.11.12.  be compelled to take wheat, barley, beans, lentils, millet, fitches', with whatsoever else they can get in one vessel together, to make them their bread thereof, according to the number of days wherein they must be fain to sleep on their sides; yea and to bake their said bread in the dung of men, to eat it by weight, and to drink their water by measure. Briefly, lest they be enforced to hear a most horrible cry before, and behind them, saying thus: 
m joel. 1.5.  Awake you drunkards, weep and howl you quaffers of wine, because of the new wine, for it shall finally be plucked away from your throats.  
Whereas (on the other side) if they once sound forsake their former most filthy ways, and be heartily converted to God, he will then so exceedingly 
n Deut. 28. 5●  bless their basket and store, as they shall not need thus disorderly to run upon any such desperate and dangerous attempts for the augmentation of tillage. Because, whensoever they do conscionably sow that self same portion of tillage which they have (at this present) in their own proper use, the Lord God of hosts will even then give such a bountiful blessing unto it, as they shall be sure 
o Gen. 26.12.  to find in one year an hundred fold more by due estimation. For the Lord he will 
p joel. 2.23.  give them the early, and the latter rain, and 
q joel. 2.25.  render them the years that the grasshopper had eaten before. Yea their 
r joel. 3.24.  very barns shall be filled with wheat, and their winepresses abound with wine and with oil. And herein no marvel at all, because the Lord (in the day of this their holy conversion) will hear 
s Hosh. 2.21.22.  yea the Lord God of hosts will hear the heavens; and the heavens they will hear the earth; and the earth, it will hear the corn, wine and oil; and the corn, wine, and oil will hear the people; and the people shall 
t Psal. 65.13.  see the valleys stand so thick with corn, that they shall laugh and sing, and say one to another, Behold how 
u Psal. 67.6.  the earth doth yield her increase; and God, even our own God hath given us his blessing. Lo (Sir) this is all the whole course I will take with that sort of men.  Hydr. 
This course (I confess) is very convenient, were they men capable of it. But alas (Capnistus) the wisdom of the word is a matter over lofty for such fantastical fools as do so insatiably affect their own inordinate lusts: they may (by no possible means) attain to the height thereof. Not because the words of wisdom are idly bestowed among any the sons of mortal men, (for 
x Pro. 1.7.  the fear of the Lord is the very beginning of wisdom) but for that all such unregenerate fools do most disdainfully despite true wisdom itself, and all holy instruction. Neither yet hath the authentical sound of such sacred knowledge been hitherto held back from any of them. For behold 
y Pro. 1.22.23. jer. 7.23.  Wisdom herself hath cried without, she hath uttered her voice in the open streets, she hath called to them all in the public assemblies, yea even in the very press of the people themselves, as also in the midst of the City hath she solemnly uttered her words, saying thus: Oh you foolish, how long will you affect your own foolishness, and you scornful take such pleasure in scorning? Oh turn you at my correction, for lo, I will now even power out my mind unto you at large, and make you understand my words to the full. What (I pray thee) might Wisdom do 
z Isa. 5.4. Mich. 6.34.  more to the sons of men, than she hath hitherto done unto every of them? But what? behold 
a Pr●. 1.27.  how obstinately they do despise all her counsels, and most scornfully set her corrections at nought. Lo then, here is the only cause of their foolishness.  Capn. 
And why should not all these be as capable of heavenly wisdom, as those other we spoke of a little afore?  Hydr. 
Because they will 
b jerem. 7.24.  not obey nor incline their ear unto wisdom, but run headlong after the counsels and stubbornness of their own wicked hearts, 
c Eph. 2.2.  walking moreover according to the course of this sinful world, and after the Prince that ruleth in the air, that wicked spirit (I mean) which even now worketh effectually in all those children of disobedience: who 
d Eph. 4.18.19  having their own cogitations even utterly darkened, and being mere strangers from the gracious life of God (by reason of that inbred ignorance which is naturally engraffed in every of them) and being become without feeling, have given themselves over to work all manner of uncleanness, even with an insatiable kind of greediness. And therefore, as they have no regard at all 
e Rom. 1.28.  to know God, so surely, the Lord (injustice) delivers them up unto reprobate minds, to do such things as are not convenient: sending them withal 
f 2 Thess. 2.10.11.12.  very strong delusions to make them believe all manner of lies, because they received not the truth: that thereupon, they all might justly be damned which believe not the truth, but take an exceeding great pleasure in those their unrighteous courses. Which their just recompense also even then shall justly fall upon every of them. 
g 2 Thess. 1.7.8.9.10.  when the Lord jesus shall show himself from heaven with his mighty Angels in flaming fire, rendering due vengeance to so many of them as know not God, and which obey not the Gospel: who shall be then punished with everlasting perdition from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his majestical power. When notwithstanding he shall be eternally glorified in all his Saints, and be made marvelous in every of them that believe: because our testimony towards them, was so sound believed in the day of their hoped salvation.  Capn. 
Well Sir, whatsoever be the success, I will earnestly endeavour to speak plainly unto every of them, and (it may be) that many of them will willingly hear me.  Hydr. 
It may be they will not: and more likey it is so, by a thousand fold.  Capn. 
Oh, I beseech you Sir, never say so, but hope the best: 
h 1 Cor. 13.7.  for charity (you know) must not be suspicious.  Hydr. 
I know it very well Capnistus, and this I dare tell thee withal, that charity (in like manner) it must not be foolish in grounding so firm a persuasion of hope 
i 1 Cor. 10.12.  upon so hopeless a ground as standeth only on may bees.  Hydr. 
Why Sir, the word was purposely given, you know, for 
k Act. 17.30.  the hoped, and happy conversion of sinful souls.  Hydr. 
Very true (as thou sayest,) although yet for the only conversion of those poor sinful souls, whose effectual calling to grace was purposely and eternally 
l Rom. 8.29.30 Eph. 1.9.13.  decreed of God, by the ordinary means of that self same word. For they being 
m Eph. 1.4. 2 Tim. 1.9.  before all beginnings the elected of God in jesus Christ, were sure (in their appointed time) to have their effectual calling to the true knowledge of God, by the powerful ⁿ preaching of his holy Gospel. And therefore, even as all they which are eternally elected, are sure (in time) to be effectually called: so surely all such as have finally no calling at all, or but only a temporary calling to grace, they cannot certainly conclude to themselves, any one certain or grounded hope of their eternal election in Christ. Seeing therefore the true saving faith is primarily 
o 1 Pet. 1.20.  begot in the hearts of the heaters by the word of God preached, and must secondarily 
p 1 Pet. 2.1.2.  grow up and increase by that self same means it was first begotten, how is it possible (thinkest thou) that those men should ever be effectually called by the ordinary preaching of God's holy word 
q Psal. 58.45.  who cannot possibly be brought to the ordinary hearing thereof? sith men must necessarily 
r Isa. 1.19.  give their willing consent to the word, before they can be drawn to the obedience thereof. Or when at any time (for fashions sake) they come to the ordinary preaching of that self same word, if they then hear it only 
s Ezech. 33.30 ●1. 32.  as a minstrels song, with their mouths make mocks at those preachers which bring it, their profane hearts still pursuing their former inordinate affections: what other thing else will befall them (thinkest thou) but that which the Prophet proclaimeth saying, 
t Habak. 1.5. Act. 13.41.  Behold you despisers, and wonder, & vanish away, for I work a work in your days, a work, which you will not believe, though a man should declare it unto you?  Capn. 
Whether they hear, or not hear, fleare and flout, jeer or jibe, make moes with their mouths or not, if God give me power, I will never forbear them.  Hydr. 
Oh say not so Capnistus, for Christ telleth thee 
u Mat. 15.26.  it is not always good to tumble the children's bread unto whelps: forbidding thee moreover 
x Math. 7.6.  to cast those thy precious pearls before beastly swine, and to hurl thy holy things unto filthy dogs; because the swine they will tread those pearls in the mire, and 
y jer. 20.7.8. Math. 7.6.  the dogs, they will turn again and tear thee in pieces. And howsoever those scorners may show themselves holy a time, yet be thou assured of this, that the dogs (first or last) will 
z Pro. 26.11. 2 Pet. 2.22.  return to their vomire afresh, and the swine which seemed before to be washed clean, to their wallowing again in the mire. And therefore, if (at any time) they show themselves such, or if they will 
a Revel. 22.11.  needs become filthy, let them be filthy still: assuring themselves that all the while they be such they shall never have 
b Revel. 22.14.15.  entrance through the gates into the celestial City, but be shut out among dogs, enchanters, whoremongers, murderers, idolaters, and such as take a delight in their lying. Although yet I doubt not at all, but that the ordinary preaching of the glorious Gospel, shall 
c Isa. 55.10.  accomplish that thing whereunto it was purposely sent of God: namely, it shall either be a blessing or a 
d Isa. 13.1.  burden; a word of 
e Rom. 1.16.  conversion, or a word of confusion; a 
f 2 Cor. 2.15.16.  savour of life unto life, or a savour of death unto death: yea and in either of both, the same shall be a sweet savour to God.  Capn. 
Why then (God willing) I will not cease crying unto them, that (whether they hear or not) they may yet know 
g Ezech. 2.5. and 33.33.  there hath been a Prophet among them.  Hydr. 
Surely Capnistus, as thy resolution herein in exceeding honest, thy purpose godly, and thy intended course correspondent to both: so I doubt not at all but that (if thy practical proceeding be suitable in every respect) exceeding much good may be wrought by the same. More especially, if thou (for thine own part) dost Christianly consider, that such as are but lately waned from the milk, and newly drawn from the breast, must have 
h Isa. 28.9.10.11.  precept upon precept, precept upon precept; line unto line, line unto line; there a little, and there a little: yea and must also be spoken unto with a stuttring tongue, and a stammering language. And then next, if they also (for their parts) laying apart 
g jam. 1.20.21  all filthiness, and superfluity of maliciousness, do reverently, cheerfully, and in the spirit of meekness receive the word at thy mouth: acknowledging withal, that those thy 
h Psal. 141.5.  friendly strokes are beneficial for them, and that thy precious balms will not break their heads. For the timely accomplishment whereof, both thyself, and every of them shall be sure (from time to time) to have the hourly assistance 
i Eph. 1.16.17.  of my heartiest prayers to almighty God 
k joh. 15.7.16.  in the name and mediation of jesus Christ. In the mean time, the hour appointed for mine ordinary studies, beginneth now to approach, and very loath I am to let slip the same, unless upon very important and urgent occasions.  Capn. 
And in very deed (Sir) the time also, and the tide itself for my former purposed voyage, doth draw very near: so as I myself (for the present) must even necessarily make haste to the 
l Psal. 107.30.  haven, either to unlade, or forthwith to dispose of some other designment concerning that vessel of mine, which already is full fraught for some foreign adventure; and therefore must even now crave leave for my present departure.  Hydr. 
With all my heart: beseeching the eternal God 
m Est. 2.15. judith. 10.8.  to give thee favour with foreign nations, and to make thy journey exceeding prosperous to thee.  Capn. 
I 
n Rom. 1.8.  thank my God in jesus Christ, for this your godly care for the good so my soul: and I humbly beseech the Father of mercies to assist you from time to time, with his holy Spirit of wisdom, for the public good of our Church and country. And even so I most heartily take my leave for the present.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Psal. 119.168. 
 
If in this my present Discourse, I do haply fail of any such delectable speech or eloquence as might give good contentment to the Ciceronian and delicate ears, I pray you pardon mine imperfections that way. For how should I possibly deliver any dainty discourse of so noisome, so stinking and so offensive a Subject, as is the poisonsome savour of filthy Tobacco fumes? In the mean time, season your tastes, I beseech you, with this succeeding Sonnet.   

TOBACCO TORTURED.  

WHat doth the foul contagious fume and smoke  
Of this Tobacco (filthy stinking weed)  
But senses all, and spirits lively choke,  
And through the members strange infection breed?   

The moisture natural it doth consume,  
Wherein the treasure of the life is laid:  
Which being lost, and wasted by this fume,  
Thou then (of something) art just nothing made.   

Thou then (of something) art just nothing made,  
Thy wasted body strait is turned to dust:  
And (dire contagion through thy limbs conveyed)  
Thy life to wrack and ruin, run needs must.   

If thou desire to know, and cause demand  
Why such strange monstrous maladies are rife?  
The cause is plain, and reason is at hand;  
Men like and love this smoky kind of life.   

Men like and love this smoky kind of life,  
Whereby doth vanish into air most thin,  
The vigour of the mind, and bodies chief  
Strength; force and power also of life and limb.   

This is the wellspring of diseases all,  
The tree which direful death doth yield for fruit:  
Whereby their loathsome limbs do quickly fall,  
And run to ruin, clad in woeful suit.   

This is the mortal foe which doth assail  
The members vigour, and the body's power:  
A Tyrant which most cruelly doth hale  
The vital breath (hearts handmaid) from her bower.   

This is a Traitor, and doth treason work;  
Brain clear and bright, with smoky mists polluting:  
And with his colour black, obscure and dark,  
Throughout the body every part imbruing.   

And (that it might more easily effect  
The dire perdition of the heart and head,  
The body with contagious rot infect,  
And through the members deadly poison spread:)   

A Conduit pipe devised is by Art,  
Whereby the smoky air might have a way.  
Through the whole body, and through every part,  
The dire destroying venom to convey.   

And when the direful venom is conua'id  
Through all the body, and through every part,  
Then fainting life withal, doth quickly fade,  
Strength quite consumed, and vigour of the heart.   

Let him therefore eschew pernicious draft  
Of filthy, loathsome, vile infectious fume,  
That doth desire strength fresh, or hath a thought  
To keep his body sound and limbs in tune.   
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.   

If neither my former Prose may persuade, nor my present meeter make glad your mal-contented minds, I pray you then make yourselves some sport about the reading of my subsequent riddle, until my next arrival.  
Read me a riddle, What is that,  
That is Time's greatest daunter, cause of idleness, Tobacco.  
That is Old Alehouse haunter, friend to drunkenness, Tobacco.  
That is Vile bewitching weed, healths huge consumer, Tobacco.  
That is Wits most woeful speed, breathes foul perfumer, Tobacco.  
That is Entrails foul blackness, bodies brave diet, Tobacco.  
That is Dame Nature's slackness, quenching her fire, Tobacco.  
That is Wives, child's dysaster, Tenant's contrition, Tobacco.  
That is Wealths woeful waster, country's perdition, Tobacco.  
That is Offence to many, bringing good to none, Tobacco.  
That is Not loved of any, until it be gone. Tobacco.  
joca, seriáque. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.   

Certain faults escaped in the printing, which are to be corrected as followeth.  
Pag. 11. l. 32. read either. p. 38. l. 1. read, make good. p. 55. l. 25. put out one of the words healths. p. 61. l. 4. read sharpsighted. p. 66. l. 10. read manuary. p. 74. l. 7. read lip. p. 87. l. 5. read, shoemaker. p. 92. lin. 31. read drudges. p. 116 l. 23. read respected. p. 137 l. 26. read Fie, fie p. 149. l. 16. read I assure thee. p. ●62 l. 25. read life. p. 184. l. 14. read shipfulls. p. 186. l. 33. read maturely. p. 187. l. 36. read swilling. p. 192. read and with.   

Typographi Encomium.  
Fieldus opus pressit; mendâ vacat iste Libellus:  
Non nisi correctas imprimit ille notas.