GENERAL AND RARE MEMORIALS pertaining to the Perfect Art of NAVIGATION: Annexed to the PARADOXAL Cumpas, in Plain: now first published: 24. years, after the first Invention thereof.  
  

A BRIEF NOTE SCHOLASTICAL, FOR THE better understanding of the Decorum observed, (or, at the lest, regarded) in this present Twofold Treatise, written under the Names of Three divers Proprieties, States, or Conditions of MAN: Whereby it may appear, that they are not Scopae dissolutae: or, Du Coq à l' Asne: But, by the will, and Grace of the Highest, thuss Recorded.  
First, it was needful, for the Unknown Friend, to declare his Sensible grief, conceived, to see, and perceive an honest gentleman, and Philosopher, by the malice and ignorance of sundry his Cuntrymen, to be almost oppressed, utterly defaced, and by dangerous reports, grievously and dammageably discredited. And secondly, to make a mournful, and doleful Supplication general, to all his Cuntrymen, to help the said gentleman to have justice, and due amendss, now at the end of his days. And all this, is the rather thus indited, that God his great Graces bestowed on him, should (to God his great glory) be acknowledged thankfully, and not be suffered any longer to be so craftily, wilfully, and violently trodden under foot, or barbarously despised. And it is likely, that, unleast this Unknown Friend, have favourable audience, and Credit, (in those things, which in this Advertisement he declareth: being Sensible, both past, & present: pertaining to the foresaid gentleman,) that the Mechanicien his industry, and great zeal, (used in collecting, and penning, from the said Philosopher his mouth, the Hexameron Plate Political, of the British Monarchy,) shallbe but slenderly, and slightly regarded or weighed: and thereby, the same to be found, finally, to les Commodity Public, available. But, if the same Advertisement, be earnestly, speedily, unpartially, & charitably examined, and considered, good hope may arise, that Omnia cooperabuntur ad Vtilitatem Salutemque Publicam procurandam, ac promovendam, expeditissimè & potentissimè. Which, God grant, Amen.  

Trinitas Humana● 

Homo Dei— 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉— M●ns  
Anima M●d●a— 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉— Dianoea  
●omo Animalis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉— S●nsus.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉— S●nsus.  
R●●ormatus. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉— S●nsus.    
HOMO 

Philosophus— The In●●●uct●r.— 〈◊〉 the BRITISH MONARCHY  
Mech●ni●us. The Mechani●ien o● th● Plate Poli●i●all. 〈◊〉 the BRITISH MONARCHY  
Sieve. The Mechani●ien o● th● Plate Poli●i●all. 〈◊〉 the BRITISH MONARCHY  
Philosophicus. The Mechani●ien o● th● Plate Poli●i●all. 〈◊〉 the BRITISH MONARCHY  
Vulga●●ter justus— The unknown Fre●nd. His Advertisement Introduc●ory.     
The Epistle in Meter, (annexed in the end of this Book,) was by the Mechanicien sent, after that the unknown Friend had (at his own charges, and with his careful Travail concurrent,) put the foresaid two Treatises, in Print: & delivered again into the hands of the said Mechanicien, the whole Impression thereof. The divers Intents and purposes of which Epistle, are easily to be perceived. Therefore, if to have said thus much, was necessary, the same also may suffice.   

A necessary Advertisement, by an unknown friend, given to the modest, and godly Readers: who also carefully desire the prosperous State of the Common wealth, of this BRITISH KINGDOM, and the Political SECURITY thereof.  
LAmentable and irksome, are these our dreary days: 
Veritas (ut fertur) Odium parit. A●l ●antùm id fit, apud Veritatis ●sores: ipsi etiam Omnipotenti ex●sos Deo.  (my well-beloved Cuntriman) Seeing the conditions of to to many, are become such, as, to be to to curious of other 
* Cur quidem ●ide● 〈…〉 quae es●●n oculo fratris tui, Trab●m a●tem, quae es● in oculo ●●o, non a●●mad●●●tis? Math. 7  men's doings: As though, they themselves, were superhabundantly perfect: or dwelled in Security, of not being at any time, hereafter, either surveyed, or controlled for their own.  
Nay, seeing the subtlety and impudence of 
* Legas & relegas librum Quintum Politicorum Aristotelis.  some, is such, that they can, and dare, cunningly and craftily, convey to themselves (or, to whom they list) the Title and Interest of the thanks and commendation, due to other Men: who are not of so brazen visages, as to practise such ambitious fatches for themselves, or to procure such malicious Disgraces, to other: But are of that mildness of Spirit, as, PATIENTLY TO ATTEND THE END, which shall reveal the VERITY: when, just guerdon, shall to every Man be distributed, accordingly.  
And thirdly, Seeing, some are so doggedly violent, and vayngloriously doting, that they can not like, consent, or well suffer any odd Man, beside themselves: or, otherwise, then by themselves, to receive due Salary, either of Credit, Commendation, or liberal Consideration: where, their word or working (directly or indirectly) may hinder the same.  
Fourthly, how pitiful is the Case, that 

As, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. etc.   divers, of sundry states, have, (of Late,) become so shameless liars, and to some private men's lives, (thereby) so dangerous, That, if Credit had been given to them, (by other, than the light headed sort) of such Murders and Treasons, as (most devil like) they have imagined, and reported to be: and withal, (wholly, of their own hellish minds, without any spark or drop of Verity,) have fathered the same upon the very Innocent (yea, so much an Innocent, as for any such thought, in his heart, at any time, embracing or fostering): It had been greatly to have been doubted that the mighty wrath of God, would not so long have forborn the just revenge (of so heinous abominations) taking, upon, aswell such wicked and principal Forgers, as on other the fickle favourers, or careless sufferers of the same, any whit to prevail.  
Seeing the Prince of Darkness hath sundry such his Factors: And yet, one 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  other kind, more wicked and abominable, than the rehearsed: which are such, as not only, they themselves, commi● Devilish horrible facts, but also practise other very fraudulent feats: And all, to their private Lucre only: Chief aiding and furnishing up their own shameful Credit herein, with the 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  Cownterfeting of other honest and learned Men their letters: as, written unto them, in such their ungodly and unlawful affairs: 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ● Coo●. & c●  Or, as falsely, reporting their Conferences had with them, to the behoof (say they) of such, as are become their miserable and Cozened Clients.  
And Sixthly, how, (almost, without remedy,) hath the most wily Tyrant, and Insatiable Bludsucker, laid the plat, for a woeful Tragedy contriving: if, the power and justice divine, did not bridle his malicious Rage, and Infernal fury? How, hath he (I pray you) insinuated his Credit with some, so far, and so long since: that divers untrue and Infamous Reports, by their Sinister information, have been given up to such, as have gathered Records, of those men's Acts, who died in the Cause of Verity? And so, the same hurtful untruths, being (yet) the rather Credited, by reason of the Dignity of the place, wherein they were installed, have seemed, bot● to the foresaid Devilish Cosener, and also, to the Credulous cozen (yea, and to very many others,) to have been a certain kind of warrant: To the one, without fear, to Counterfeit letters, or Discourses, answerable to the foresaid fowl untruths, unadvisedly Recorded. And to the other, without suspicion, lightly to Credit any such matter, reported. And, so, hath the Fiend Infernal, most craftily, and unduly, gotten the honest 
* 
A good Name is more to be desired, than great riches. Proverb. 22.  
A good Name is mo●e worth then precious ointment. Eccles. 7.   Name and Fame, of one extraordinary Studious gentleman, of this land, within his Claws: that, divers his mere Malicious, and wilful Enemies, do verily hope, that it is impossible, that this gentleman, shall, with this English or British State, either (during his life) be counted a good Subject, or a Commendable, (nay, scarce a Tolerable) 
If you will Read his Digression Apologetical, contained in his Mathematical Preface, to the English Euclid (Imprinted A●● 1570.) you may the better understand this point of this brief Advertisement.  Christian: or, any his Acts or Travails, all ready past: or, other his intended exploits, of great Importance, shall be, in this Land, acceptable: or, of the people, of this kingdom, received: as, by the favour, light, and Aid of the Blessed Trinity undertaken, invented, Compassed, and achieved: but, rather, by wicked and ungodly Art, to be framed: and, by the help of Satan, or Beelzebub, to be finished: unleast, the wise, or the peculiarly chief Authorised, will use due Careful, and Charitable Discretion, From henceforth, to repress, abolish, and utterly extinguish this very Injurious Report, (for these xx. years last passed, and somewhat longer,) Spread & Credited, all this Realm over: 
O, A damnable slander: utterly untrue, in the whole, & in every word and part thereof: as (before the King of Kings) will appear at the dreadful day.  it is to weet, That the foresaid gentleman, is, or was, Not only, a 1. conjuror, or Caller of Devils: but, 2. A Great doer therein: Yea, The Great conjuror: & so, (as some would say,) 3. The Arch conjuror, of this whole kingdom.  
Before, that the (mentioned) Devilish Cozening was used: this sklanderous untruth was recorded, published, and Credited: But, by these new devised Cozening forgeries, the same, may (with some) seem to be undoubtedly confirmed. O Lord, with how tickle and strong Snares, and with how wily Laberinthes, hath the most envious Traitor, to the honour of our God and Christ, bewrapped and Daunted many a thousand of simple & honest men's fantasies: inducing them, to Credit this Infamous Report? To Credit it, (I say) in respect of the honourable Seat, wherein, it was, (very unadvisedly) set down. In deed, even he: who, at the beginning, 
* Esaiae. 14.  said, Ascendam in Coelum, & similis ero Altissimo: even he, hath settled this intolerable slander of the virtuous, among the glorious Renown of the Righteous: to so great hurt, and damage of the gentleman (who, to all other Men, is harmless) as, never to him, by any one Mortal Man, the just Amendss, can duly be made. I would to God, this foresaid slander, and other Disgracing Reports, to to rashly, and even then 
* Esaiae. 14.  recorded, when this Courteous gentleman was also a prisoner himself: (& bedfellow, with one Master Barthelet green) had been, in due time espied, and utterly canceled, and razed out of all Records, wherein they were unduly, and unadvisedly (first) admitted.  
Nearer to pres this Matter in particular, it is needles. But, by this, and such like foul oversight of Man, & Cruel despite of the hellish Enemy, it is come to pass (among many other great Inconveniences) that, whereas the said Studious gentleman, hath at God his most merciful hands, received a great Talon of knowledge and Sciences: (after his long, painful, and Costly Travails, sustained for the same:) and both by God, being warned, and, of his own disposition, desirous, not only to enlarge and multiply the same, but also to communicate to other: He findeth himself, (now, at length), partly forced, somewhat to yield to the wickedness of these times, (being not possible to sail against the winds eye): And partly deemeth himself (in God's judgement,) excusable, not to bestow any more of his Talon & Careful Travails, upon the Ingrateful and Thankless: Nay, upon the skorners and Disdainers of such his faithful enterprises: undertaken chief, for the Advancement of the wonderful Verity Philosophical: And also, for the State Public of this BRITISH MONARCHY, to become flourishing, in HONOUR, WEALTH, and STRENGTH: as much, as any thing in him, might have been thereto, (by any means,) found serviceable.  
But, who would have 
Solomon in Ecclesiastes cap. 4. So, I turned me, and considered all the violent wrong, that is done vn●er the Sun: ●nd Behold, the teare● of such as were oppressed: and there was No Man to comfort them: Or, that would deliver & defend them, from the violence of their Oppressors.  thought, that they, who are (in deed) of the honester sort, and more charitable: yea, of the wiser, and (by Office) mightier (& some of them, taken for his especial great friends) would, so many years, have been so 
Solomon in Ecclesiastes cap. 4. So, I turned me, and considered all the violent wrong, that is done vn●er the Sun: ●nd Behold, the teare● of such as were oppressed: and there was No Man to comfort them: Or, that would deliver & defend them, from the violence of their Oppressors.  Careless, or slack, to Aid, and procure the Innocent, to be 
Solomon in Ecclesiastes cap. 4. So, I turned me, and considered all the violent wrong, that is done vn●er the Sun: ●nd Behold, the teare● of such as were oppressed: and there was No Man to comfort them: Or, that would deliver & defend them, from the violence of their Oppressors.  delivered, from the grievous, and most Injurious spoil of his good Name and Fame: and all the inconveniences, depending thereon? Or, who would have thought, that so great, & so uncharitable Untruths, should so undiscreetly have been published: by those Men especially, who, otherwise, in word and life, were very modest, and Circumspect?  
I thought it good, Therefore (my honest friend and Cuntryman) to advertise thee, 
The chief occasi●● of thi● Advertisement giving.  of some part of the Cause, of the strange manner, of this Treatise coming to thy sight, or reading: As, without the Name, of any certain Author thereof: And, without the Name, of the zealous Artificer, who first did solicit, and collect such matter (by Dic●ata, as it were) from this gentleman. And Thirdly, without my own Name: into whose hands, the said Artificer, hath delivered all the matter, that he could get of this British gentleman: to the Title of this book, answerable: yea, and other rare Instructions, also.  
For (undoubtedly) this BRITISH PHILOSOPHER, is not 1. only discouraged to labour, or * pen any more Treatises, or books, himself, in ARTIFICIAL METHOD, for his unkind, unthankful, disdainful, and sklanderous Cuntrymen, to use (nay abuse:) but, 2. also, is loath (and hath great reason, so to be) to have his Name, any more, prefixed, or subscribed, to any Treatises, passing from him, either by writing, or by speech.  
And, both these Inconveniences, are purposely committed: to avoid, or, somewhat to prevent hensforward, the farther grief and offence, that might grow to him, and his true friends: to perceive the former sundry sorts of Caterpillars, and great hinderers of the prosperous Estate, of any Commonwealth, to knaw upon the leaf, or flower, of his Commendable Fame: who, would take very quickly an Occasion (by the forefronts of books, garnished with his BRITISH NAME,) to fall to a fresh pang of envious busiosity, impudent arrogancy, and dogged malicious speeches using and uttering against the gentleman: who (undoubtedly) wisheth evil to none. And (perhaps) though it were very good matter, that should, by him, be contrived and written, and under his Name, be published: yet, they would (in perusing it), either pervert their own judgements of it, through their unquieted, and mere malicious fantazie, wilfully bend against him: or, rather, in deed, through their own great Ignorance, would verify the Proverb: Scientia non habet Inimicum, nisi Ignorantem: as, they did by his Monas Hieroglyphica: 
* Aᵒ. 1564.  dedicated to the late Emperor Maximilian: wherein, the Queen her most Excellent Majesty, can be a sacred witness (as I have heard) of the Strange and undue speeches, devised of that hieroglyphical writing:  
Or, if they liked the matter: then, they would say, that such a Treatise, (under his Name, published) is not, or was not, of his own compiling and ordering, as Author thereof: but that, some other Man, now living, or long since dead, was the only and first Author, of such a good Treatise. And, that m●n●r of malicious Injury, hath been very notably d●n● unto him, for these many years past, about his Book Entitled Propaed●umata Aphorislica: and is, yet, scarce ceased in all corners (for, it is backbiting work, and seeketh Corners.) For, some men, (And they such, who aught to have been honest and discreet, as they are, or were accounted learned) have, very enviously, fathered it, upon the excellent G●rardus Mercator Rupelmundanus, (yet living at Duysburgh,) as, to be the only and true Author of those Aphorisms. But, afterward, when that was found a peui●h fable: Then, upon one Vrso (who lived many hundred years since) was all the Commendation bestowed, for that aphoristical work contriving. And then, again, after that, upon one Alkabitius: And at length, with shame enough (but more will follow) being driven from these mere envious, and spiteful false devices: yet (most obstinately and impudently) they still avouch to divers gentlemen, and certain Noble Men, that some other, or (in effect) any Man else, was the Author thereof: rather, than they would honestly acknowledge the Truth, of only this gentleman his peculiar Industry, and no small skill, used in the contriving and framing of that 
* Aᵒ. 1558. In july. First printed.  Book: containing the chief Crop and Root, of Ten years his first Outlandish & Homish Studies and exercises Philosophical: as, partly in the preface thereof, to the Reader, is specified: but more abundantly and purposely, hath that point been 
* Aᵒ. 1574. In August. At Mortlack.  proved and testified to some, who were (before) foully infected, with the slanderous Opinion, that one Vrso, was the Author of it, and not this honest British gentleman: as, at an other time, will be made more evident: When, a full declaration, in more convenient place, may be made, of the mere malicious, very rash, and Brutish Censure, of a certain Doctor, (yet living.) Who, lately, endeavoured himself, to persuade some right worshipful gentlemen, that it were good, and behoveful for this Common Wealth, If the said Philosopher, were Banished this land, for ever. Because, said this Doctor (but most untruly: as is now very evident, to Thousands of Men, of this Kingdom, and other) That, to no Man of this Realm, he did at any time, or yet doth, or will, communicate any part, of his learned Talon, by word or writing: But is wholly addicted, to his private commodity only avancing, by his own Studies and practices very secret. That Doctor, his name, shall not, here, by me, be disclosed: for that, he hath (upon honest Repentance, for his so injurious & damageable Intent) received his 
* Aᵒ. 1575. In March. At Mortlack.  Sentence of free forgiveness: in the presence of worshipful witness, yet alive.  
And when, likewise, the perfect declaration may more aptly be had, of the most judas like prank, of an other Doctor: who (in the time of this Brytan Innocent his Captivity: and somewhat, before the day of his enlarging, by 
* 
The true Copy of these Letters sent to D. Boner Bishop of London.  
AFter our hearty Commendations to your good L. the King and Queen's majesties pleasures is, you shall cause john Dee, committed to your L. Custody, to be brought before some Master of the Chancery: and there bound to be of good abearing, and forth coming, when he shall be called for, betwixt this and Christmas next● And thereupon to set him at liberty. Whereof we pray you not to fail. And so we bid the same heartily Farewell.  
From Greenwich, the xxix. of August, 1555. Your L. loving friends. 

Ste. Winton, Cancel.  
W. Rochester. Thomas Ely. Io. Bourn.  
john Baker. Francis E. waldgrave.  
Engerfeld.     letters, sent to his keeper, from the Right honourable Privy Counsel, to KING PHILIP and QUEEN MARY) did, very earnestly solicit with the Lord Chancellor, (with whom he could do very much) And with the Bishop of London, (whom, also, he could half persuade) that it were requisite, and justice, that the said Brytan Captive, were not set at liberty at all: but, should be forthwith committed to PERPETVAL PRISON: And that, upon such respects, as he, most unchristianlike and maliciously, had devised: and very impudently, upon his Credit with them (such as it was) would have forced, to prevail. But, God would not suffer the said Courteous Captive, his great friendship and humanity, a few years before, used toward that Doctor (in Paris) so, to be requited, with worse, than Ingratitude. Besides, that the said Captive, could never (nor yet can) be duly charged, with any word or deed, uttered or done, contrary to the performance of his duty toward his Sovereign and the higher Powers.  
And though I here omit many other great Injuries, done unto him, about the bereaving him, of the true and due Title and Interest, in and to his own works, writings and Inventions, in other places recorded (And among that sort, omitting that foul Injury, done to him by one joannes Franciscus Offhuysius, whose book De Divina Astrorum facultate, was of this Brytan Philosopher, his Invention, chief: As, may be made evident, both by the matter therein contained, being compared to his Propaedeumata Aphoristica: And also, by the said Franciscus his daily familiar 
* 
As may sufficiently appear by these few places taken out of some of his letters.  
Doctissimo probaeque Indolis Dnᵒ. joanni Deeo, suo Intimo.  
OCcupatiuncula me hactenus domidetinuere, etc. Quas de Aeris mutatione, concepisti causas, ne relinquas, ore. etc.  
Ex Diversorio, raptim: 30. Octob. 1553. Tuus, si su●s: I-F van Offhuysen.  
And again.  
Suo charissimo Dnᵒ. joanni Deeo.  
H●is proximis diebus, etc. Hypothesibus ad Astrologiam confirmandam, quaso, seriò Des (ut caepists) operam. Syderum sedes, spero te uteunque certas à me accepturum, saltem eorum qua per nos obseruata fuere quandoque, etc.  
Vale. 6. Novemb. 1553. Tuus Offhuysius.  
And again.  
DOmine, si non queas incommodè career Ephemeridibus prasentis anni, obsecro, mitte: Et de tuis intelligamus studijs. Ego diligenter planto sydera. Spero, dum tuae creverint, quas concepisti Hypotheses, aliquid boni seminis nos collecturos. Vale f●elix.  
Tuus Offhuysius.   Letters soliciting and requesting those & such like Hypotheses Astrological, at the said Philosopher his hands: he being, moreover here conversant with, and depending upon this our Brytan Mathematicien, above a whole year.) Yet I must Note unto you, even here, that one of those Injuries, was above all the rest, so Notorious: and withal, so notably well 
* M. Steven and M. William Borowgh, two of the chief Moscovy Pilots (after the incomparable M. Richard Chancellor his death) can be sufficient witnesses, also●  known, to be an Injury, that the last year, a certain Mechanicien, (being busied about matter of Navigation), calling to his Remembrance the same Injury: being a fowl and Impudent 
* An Injurious Brag.  brag, that an English Mariner, (now, above, 20. years sins, had made, to divers honest men: ●of the new Sea Instrument, newly also, called the paradoxal Cumpas: As, to have been of his Invention.) was so inflamed with Indignation against this arrogant Mariner, his abominable Impudence, (so long time, by this gentleman, very patiently suffered,) that he made very earnest request to this gentleman (the true Inventor, of this Instrument Paradoxal) that, although, all the Injuries received at their hands, who were deemed learned, he would not very sharply reprove: and, but at leisure: yet, that it should be an Act, meet and needful for him to do, (being also behoveful for the Common Wealth) speedily to detect, such shameless Bragger's and crackers: only sophistically furnished, to outward show: and that, with other men's rare Inventions: but, of themselves, utterly unable to Invent any worthy Conclusion, to be profitably practised, on Sea or Land.  
Which Mechanicien his earnest request, (by the foresaid gentleman) being granted, was the very chief & first occasion, of these Rare Memorials (concerning The perfect Art of Navigation) so coming in Record: 
The volumes of Rare Memorials, by what ●ccasion they become to be written first.  after a Mechanical and vulgar Artificer his blunt manner of penning, and collecting the same. Who, about the Entrance into the matter of Navigation, finding good 
* The brief Argument of the Preface, or first book of the General & Ra●e Memorials.  Opportunity, to speak First of a petty-navy-royal, continually to be maintained, for manifold great Commodities procuring to this BRITISH MONARCHY: (which, no other way, can be brought to pass:) and among them all, 
Perpetual politic Security, is to be sought for: but not sluggish and reckless Security: which is the overthrow of many a noble Kingdom.  the PERPETVALL politic SECURITY and better preservation of this famous Kingdom, from all Foreign danger, or Homish disorder, to be the chiefest: and most needful Public Benefit: (and undoubtedly, likely, to ensue thereof:) he was dutifully willing, rather to follow some brief discussing of that very weighty matter, 
☜  (and especially in these dangerous days, and Incredible peevish practices, full often devised against the GOOD PEACE, AND PROSPEROUS TRANQVILLITIE of this INCOMPARABLE islandish MONARCHY:) then, to fall to the foresaid General and Rare Memorials recording, of THE PERFECT ART OF NAVIGATION: which, he, (thereupon) set aside, a while. And whereof, now, only the Second Volume entreateth: under this proper Title: 
The Title and brief Argument of the Second Volume.  THE BRITISH COMPLIMENT, OF THE PERFECT ART OF NAVIGATION. For, no vulgar doctrine, or practise, is therein contained: But rather the GENERAL COMPLIMENT, and (almost in particular,) all that, which hitherto, was wanting: or, which might be most needful to so excellent an Art, and (to this kingdom) most beneficial of all other Mechanical exercises:  
And such is the foresaid British Compliment, (as I do right well know) that the Contents thereof, are above the most part of the best learned men's expectations, (yea, or hope) of being brought to pass: and all that, in rare, general, and excellent Conclusions of Gubernautik, chief. And so great, is the Volume thereof, that, to have it fairly and distinctly printed, with all the appurtenances, it would be, (in bulk) greater than the English Bible, of the greatest volume: And yet, the plat of Invention, Disposition, and recording thereof, was finished in les, than 4. months space: it is to weet, of September, October, November, and December last. Due Laud and Glory, be, therefore, ascribed to the free giver of all good and perfect Gifts.  

The Third Book, suppressed.  The third Book, I neither will, or may (as yet) say any thing of. The gentleman his desire was, that it should be utterly suppressed, or delivered to Vulcan his Custody.  

The Fourth Volume.  But, the fourth Volume, I may judge it, to be as an Earthly Paradise: A Book, of as great godly pleasure, as worldly profit and delight: A Book, for the BRITISH HONOUR and WEALTH (And that, in divers manner) such an one, as never, King Ptolomaeus, or Prince Abilfada Ismaël, or any Geographical or hydrographical Discoverer did writ, or Collect: as I (for my simple Capacity) do verily judge of it. The Title whereof, is, OF FAMOUS, and RICH DISCOVERIES: The Discourse thereof, not only containeth the General Survey Hydrographical, of all the whole world, (and chief the rare Evidences for all the parts thereof, most Septentrional) but also, a particular and ample examination, of King Solomon his Ophirian three years voyage: And also, the lawful and very honourable Entitling of our most gracious and Sovereign Lady, QUEEN ELIZABETH, (and so, this BRITISH SCEPTRE ROYAL) to very large Foreign Dominions: such, as in, and by the same, duly recovered and used, the Course of the Divine providence general, 
☞  in this present Age, will bring to light and life, matter of great Importance and Consequency, both to the Glory of God, and the benefit of all Christendom, and Heathenes. The greatness of this Volume, is not much less, than of the Second. And one way, it far passeth the Second: For, in the Secret Centre thereof, is more bestowed, and stored up, than I may, or (in this place) will express.  
The same Volume, was, chief, of the gentleman his own very speedy collecting: And (by his will, and order) hath this Inscription, or Dedication, TO THE MOST WORTHY: And the same Inscription, to be written, or printed in letters of Gold.  
And had not the Incredible, and manifold Injuries, and undue Disturbances been, which have happened to him (by sundry parcels of time) for the space of three Months, and more, (in total sum), within the time of all these Collections, most speedily and Carefully heaping up together, since August last: I am right well assured, that, never, in so small time, so much matter, of so great Importance, with such sincere and dutiful zeal to pleasure his Native Country: had by any Subject (BRITISH or ENGLISH) been delivered from him, by Invention of his own, or by Circumspect Collection, or discrete Application, out of former or present writers, and Authors.  
What is than (I pray you) in all his life time, to be thought likely, or possible, and in times more commodious, to have been Invented: Or, converted to better Method of Knowledge, or use of practice: or notably reformed, by the said gentleman? Especially, for the space of these 
* In which space of time he hath advisedly spent above Thirty Hundred pounds, for learning of worthy Knowledges & Sciences: to the Honour of God advancing, (far and near,) and the better enhabling of himself to pleasure his Native Country above all other●  Thirty years, last passed? In which long time of his Tyrocinie, he hath, incessantly, to the uttermost of his power, and ability, followed an extraordinary, and most painful, and very costly Course of Philosophical Inquiries making, after the best Verities: 
The Fruit, and end of Natural Philosophy, being used, as Christian men aught to use it.  which, may yield, (by due Considerations of the Creatures, their virtues and properties) to their Creator and ours, Glory, Praise, & Honour unspeakable: for his Infinite Goodness, Wisdom and Power: the evident print, & Demonstrable proof, whereof, the same, (our God), hath bestowed most abundantly, in his own handiwork, of all his Creatures Creating: all the whole, and universal world over, dispersed: nay, rather Filling the whole Cosmographical frame, 
☞  and Orb: from the Centre thereof, to the uttermost Circumference of the same: being, to Mortal man's outward eye, utterly unsensible.  
It will appear, hereafter, in due time, that, greater, further, and of longer Continuance, hath been his doings, and very well liked of, Advertisements and Instructions, in sundry affairs Philosophical, and Cosmopoliticall, FOR VERITY, JUSTICE, AND PEACE FURDERING, than hath, of any Three, of his nearest friends, and most familiarly acquainted Cuntrymen, been (as yet) perceived.  
And this also, I may say of the same gentleman (without seeming to flatter him, or any whit to abuse thee, my honest friend and Cuntryman:) or, he himself, with great Modesty, and no arrogancy, might (to God his high Glory) say: That, if in the foresaid whole course of his time, he had found a Constant & Assistant CHRISTIAN ALEXANDER: BRYTAN, should not have been, now, destitute of a CHRISTIAN ARISTOTLE. 
Alexander. Aristotle.   
Any farther, is needles, to be disclosed of this gentleman: whose grievous 
* The words of a sklander●r, are very wound● and go through unto the innermost parts of the Body. Proverb. 18.  wounds, (by deadly sklanders, upon devilish Envy, only: and the same, privily slashed, and hewed into his Sides: and near unto his heart) are not, yet, in the perfect and charitable Surgeon's, curing. The more Lamentable, will the case be found: and the remedy, to late, thought upon, I am greatly afraid.  
In the mean space (my loving friend, and unpartial Reader) I am, to advertise thee, that, as concerning the publishing of the other two great Volumes: though, the Inventions, and Collections be such, as I said, and of great Value: both for the HONOUR AND WEALTH OF ENGLAND, and no little furtherance of the GLORY OF GOD: yet, (by Order, taken by him, who hath the chief Interest therein:) the same, are not to be printed, UNTIL THE PROOF BE PAST, How, this Mechanicien, his zealous, dutiful, and humble Advertisement Political, (for the Perpetual Guard, and further Service, of a petty-navy-royal, 
A PETTY NAVY ROYAL continually to be maintained without the Queen's Majesty, Charges, or any unpleasant Burden to the Commons.  to be maintained, without any Cost or Charge to the Queen her most excellent Majesty, or any unpleasant burden to the Commons, and faithful Subjects, of this BRITISH MONARCHY) shall be liked of, and accepted: (for the zeal, and matter, I mean, rather, than for any Rhetorical polishing bestowed on it.) Seeing, the same, containeth in it, such Fragments of Instructions, received from the foresaid Philosopher: being, hitherto (almost) a 
* Exceptis, Excipiendis: a●t illis quidem pa●cissimis.  Freendles friend. Why say I, 
* Exceptis, Excipiendis: a●t illis quidem pa●cissimis.  freendles? Seeing, a gentleman, of great Experience in this world, said unto him, in my herring, within these few days:  
Tu certè Infoelix, at multos inter Amicos. Whereby, it might seem, that he hath many friends. But, for all that, between a cold friend, and a faint hearted Enemy, is small diversity. And undoubtedly, a feigned, hollow hearted or Hypocritical friend, is worse, ten times, than an open Enemy: And, in very deed, is not to be counted a friend. And, so, may the outward repugnancy of these two sayings, aptly be reconciled.  
But, proceeding in my former purpose, you may understand this, moreover: that the Second Book or Volume, (to this Preface appertaining) will be of more hundred pounds, Charges, to be prepared for the print (in respect of the Tables, and Figures thereto requisite): than you would easily believe. Therefore, though there were no warning, of Attendance to be given, to understand the issue of liking or misliking the foresaid, (zealously collected, and as humbly presented) Political Advertisement: yet, this matter of Charges, so far passeth my slender ability: and, withal, is so dreadful to the Printers, for fear of great los thereby sustaining (So rare, and few men's Studies, are in such matters employed) that, delay, on my part, is rather, that way, Constrained: And, 
☞  therefore, no Order is to be thought upon, by me, for the printing thereof: 
* Till than,  TILL, A COMFORTABLE AND SUFFICIENT OPPORTUNITY OF SUPPLY, DOTH VERY WELL SERVE THERETO.  
And before, I bid thee Farewell (my Cuntryman) I may yet advertise thee, of one point more (whither the said Second Volume, be ever printed, or not) That, therein, is one parcel contained: so, contrived and Dedicated unto the aeternal, Royal, and Heroical Honour, and renown of our Incomparable Gracious QUEEN ELIZABETH: that, all the whole world over, 
A strange Monument, Dedicated to the aeternal, and Heroical renown of our Queen her most Excellent Majesty.  yea, among the Heathen, as well as christian: what language so ever they speak, that have to deal with Hydrography, or Dangerous and long voyages by Sea: even they, will, most thankfully, and for ever, sing and extol her marvelous Princely Benefit herein: as, to them, chief for her majesties sake and Merits, imparted: who, hath been so constantly favourable, and so gracious a Sovereign Lady, unto the Inventor thereof, her most faithful and obedient Subject. The richest Pyramid at Memphis, did never so far, and so durably spread the Fame and Commendation of the Builders thereof, as these TABLES GUBERNAUTIKE, will win, and procure the large love, and good liking of our Elizabeth, all the world over, and while the world endureth, to flourish. The English Title thereof, is, 
A treasure incomparable for the Art Guberna●tik: and for very many other Experiences.  THE BRITISH QUEEN ELIZABETH, HER TABLES GUBERNAUTIK. And the same, is of many Quires of Paper, containing.  
Now, have I sufficiently (for this place & time) given unto you (my courteous Cuntryman) Advertisements: which (I trust) you will take in good part & thankfully: if, in your own Conscience, you plainly perceiue● that all my zealous speech, herein bestowed, tendeth to the Advancement of virtue, and to the great Benefit and Commodity public. At an other time, I hope to have Comfort, and convenient Opportunity, to impart unto you, other matter: for your exceeding good Contentation, and great delight also.  
And, in the mean space, I trust that this my sincere, blunt, and simple advise, shall be some Occasion, that hensforward, this honest gentleman, shall be fully restored to the Integrity of his duly deserved honest 
* Da operam ut Famatua integra sit. Haec enim durabilior quàm mill Thesauri. Vita quam vis bona, ad breve exiguunique tempus durat: Bonum ver) Nomen, ad perpetuitatem stabile est. jesus Sir●cida. cap. 41.  Name and Fame: And, also receive great Public Thanks, Comfort & Aid of the Whole British State. To the Honour, Welfare, and Preservation whereof (next unto his duty doing unto God) he hath directed all the course of his manifold Studies, great Travails, and incredible Costs. As, both, by these his Hexameron Lessons (First, here, for Security of the same) speedily Dictated: and also, by very many other his words, works, and writings else: both, in England, and other where, spoken, done, communicated, and published, will, or may abundantly be testified. And, so, Far you well in Christ, my Courteous, and unpartial Cuntryman: And, for a Remembrance, at this our most friendly Farewell, take this heavenly Counsel with thee: 
Math. 7.  Omnia quaecunque volueritis ut faciant vobis homines, sic & vos facite illis: haec enim est Lex & Prophetae.  
Which kind of skantlin, and Measure divine, being, before hand, and in due time, laid unto all our thoughts, words and deeds, may be as a good and familiar Angel unto us: to help us to shun, and fly from all sklandrous speeches using: all malicious, or seditious Libels skattring: and all other unjust, & uncharitable dealings: yea, and from consenting or suffering of the same, where we can, or aught, to redress the Cause.  
And, Then, the Glory, and Peace of God, will flourish in this BRYTAN MONARCHY. Over which, (so reformed) that our most Gracious and Sovereign QUEEN ELIZABETH, may, very many years, most prosperously and Triumphantly Reign, it is (undoubtedly) our bounden duty, fervently and full often, by Prayer, to request at his hands, who is the King of Kings, Almighty. To whose Protection, & furtherance also, most heartily, and dutifully, I commend the very weighty Case, of this Common Wealth: not utterly unduly, or, (yet) out of season (I hope) in this first book ensuing, somewhat Considered of: as, in a 
* The first Book here following, is but (as it were) a Preface: To the Second, containing in it the Art, to this kingdom most beneficial, if it might be duly used.  Preface, very needful, to the BRITISH COMPLIMENT, OF THE PERFECT ART OF NAVIGATION. And herewith, (once more), I say, Adieu: and well motest thou Far, my Christian Brother, and sincerely beloved Cuntryman.  
Anno, Stellae (Coelo Demissae, rectaque Reversae) Quinto: julij verò, Die. 4. ET Anno Mundi. 5540.   

TO THE RIGHT Worshipful, discrete, and singular favourer, of all good Arts, and Sciences, M. Christopher Hatton Esquire: Captain of her majesties Guard, and gentleman of her privy Chamber.  
NOt only my dutiful good will toward your Worship, and my great desire, to do some thing beneficial to this my Native Country: But also, a certain stinging Indignation, against the Impudent Attempt of such, as use, wrongfully to challenged to themselves, other men's Travails, (and not able to yield any Ingenious Invention of their own) have, at this 
* An. 1576 Augusti. 1.  present, forced me, to do my endeavour, for the publishing of this strange Instrument, with the name of the true Inventor thereof, annexed: And humbly to dedicated my simple Industry herein, to your worship's protection. Trusting you will the rather accept the same, being (as it were) a crumb, to my great Contentation, fallen from his plentiful Table, whom (I am assured) you do dearly and sincerely, both love and esteem: as well, of your own most courteous disposition toward all men, with whom your worship hath to do: as also, for sundry his virtues, and excellent Skill, in many Arts, and Sciences, Wherewith the highest hath very graciously blessed him. For which his ability, and Talon, he is all ways most humbly thankful, to the only Author, and giver, of all goodness and wisdom. Verily, for these 24. years (at the lest) I have had the gentleman in great admiration: As well for his foresaid excellency in good learning (so judged of, long sins, by the learned, in sundry Nations) As, for his most ready Courtesy in Communicating or conferring to and with such, as duly require his advise, Opinion, or judgement, in any Science, Art or Practice, wherein he hath had any speculation or exercise. Such Commendations, as these, although they be great, (and rare, in any Studious gentleman of this Kingdom, else:) Yet, neither the same, nor ten times as great (sounding loud about his ears, for these many years past) have at any time, or yet do, any one pin's point, puf up his heart, vayngloriously: but have, and do make him more joyfully thankful, to the kingly and free giver, of such his great Talon: So great, as, Quibus Res notae sunt, & qui illi benè volunt, existimant orationem non esse parem Magnitudini Rerum gestarum, (As that prudent Atheniensien Governor, Pericles, said, In oration Funebri: Commending them, that manfully had spent their lives, in the late wars, then: 
Thucydides, Lib. 2. ) Alij, ignari, judicant laudes esse immodicas: quia invident excellenti virtuti. Laudes enim eò usque tolerabiles sunt, donec ea dicuntur, quae Auditores se quoque facere posse arbitrantur: Si Maiora dicuntur, Inuident, non credunt.  
Therefore, pardon me (I beseech your worship) If in rehearsing here, and there (glaunsingly) some points of his due Commendation, I speak far short of that, which (farther) your worship and other, do, or may know, and more aptly can express, to God's glory: for his graces, on that gentleman, so abundantly bestowed: Who (I know right well) doth make no less accounted of your Worship, than the justice of dutiful and perfect Amity requireth. Which is a thing, very rare (now a days) any where to be found. And for better proof of the Premises, (by your leave, and with your patience) I will, here, truly and briefly Note such matter unto you, as neither (Withal) is impertinent to this paradoxal Instrument, now, first published: nor meet to be let pas (in a manner) unknown, and utterly unrecorded.  
For, whereas, about, 3. or 4. months last passed, a virtuous 
M.M. Lok.  gentleman and Merchant, with zealous Intent, for the advancement of God his glory, and the great Commodity, and honour of this kingdom, procured unto him, Worshipful, yea and Honourable Aid also: to set forth Ships, for a Northwest Discovery: And shortly after, there came abroad, in Print, a little English book, containing some probable reasons, tending to the persuasion of the same Cours and voyage: In the Epistle of which little book, no small piece of Credit (for the Attempt to be liked of) was ascribed to M. ●ee his judgement, (as, there, is to be seen) set down, in his Mathematical preface, with the English Euclid, published: So it came to pass, that it was his worshipful friend (M. Edward Dyer) his fortune, First, to Advertise him (as he told me) both of the said book, by the Title thereof: and of his Name, in the foresaid Epistle (to good purpose) used. Whereupon, he, calling to Remembrance his old atlantical Discourses, to the self same purpose (at the said M. Dyer his request) almost ten years sins, set down in writing: And perusing thoroughly all reasons and allegations (both Pro and Contra) now, in the said Pamphlet expressed: did, forthwith, by every Article thereof, in the Margin, Note their value, or imperfection. And, strait way, after that, made a new Collection, for the same voyage, very probable. And thirdly (the same day) writ, 18. new Considerations of his own: very pleasant, in probability, for an other voyage of Discovery: (in respect of Safety, nearness, and Commodity) nothing inferior to that, which they, 
* They did s●t forth the 12. of june last.  now, have undertaken, God sand them good speed.  
And, M. Dee, being thus furnished, aswell to maintain probably his former judgement (by M. Gascoyn recited, in the foresaid Epistle) and intending to give those his, 18. new and very strange Articles of Consideration, to him or them, whom he should d●me apt and desirous to further the said Discovery (not less, than this was by a discrete, careful, diligent, and constant Procurer, follower and furderer, brought to the present execution): And also, purposing friendly to examine, and faithfully to Instruct M. Captain Frobisher, and M. Christopher Hall, and other, that should have the charged about the said Northwest Discovery (As he was, partly by the right worshipful Sir Leonell Ducket Knight, and partly by M. Frobisher himself, before that, requested to do) made, then, no delay, to repair to the Moschovy house: Where, he found himself courteously and very worshipfully entertained. And at that time of his abode there, and after that, at sundry other times, of his Resort, thither, and to their Ships, he proceeded so with them, according to his Intent: and pleasured them, so much according to their desire: That he finding them, quick of apprehension, and likely to remain 
* 
As (besides many other things) this letter, may seem to be a sufficient witness.  
To the worshipful and our approved good friend M. Dee, g●ue these with speed.  
This 26. of june, 1576. I arrived in Shotland in the Bay of Saint Tronio●s in the Latitude of 59 degrees, 46 Minutes.  
I with M. Hall make our dutiful Commendations to you with as many th●nkes as we can wish, till we be better furnished of farther matters to satisfy our duties for your friendly Instructions: which when we use we d●o remember you and hold ourselves bound to you as your power disciples, not able to be Scholars but in good will ●or want of learning, and that we will furnish with good will and diligence to the uttermost of our powers. T●e cause of our stay here, was, to stop a leak which I had in the Micha●ll, and withal ●illed certain fresh water and by God's ●race this night according to my Commission I will departed. This present ●ight I have a says wind, God be praised. I have had sharp weather ●nd ●og●: But all my company continu● with a good courage a● they began at the first. News I have ●one, but my ●arkes sail very well all: ●ut the Ga●ri●ll hath no fellow, she spaide hal●e her Sails to all men. ●●u● I commit you to God. In last this present afternoon ready to set ●aile.  
Your loving friend to use and command Martin Frobisher. Yours to command Christopher Hall.   Thankful, for his pithy instructing of them: And they, finding him (above their expectation) skilful: And (more than could be wished for) Careful, for their well doing, in this their commendable and honourable Attempt: both the one and the other, become very sorry of their so late acquaintance and conference, for these their weighty affairs furthering: And greatly misliked their want of time, 
The Compliment of the perfect Art of Navigation.  sufficient for the Compliment and principal points of the Perfect Art of Navigation learning at his hands. Such points, (I mean), as needed either great knowledge in the Sciences Mathematical, and Arts Mechanical: or expert Skill, of many Causes and effects natural ● Such points (I say) to their affairs, and the Perfect Art of Navigation, incident● he very aptly could, & right willingly would have dealt with them in: If that pinch of time, would have so permitted. For, it is very evident, by his description of the Perfect Art of Navigation (in his foresaid Mathematical preface, declared) and also, common reason, and daily experience, will confirm the same: that, not only, such skill and furniture, as both here is rehearsed, and in that preface is specified: But, other also, is most needful for him to be fraught withal, that shall be allowed for an exact Hydrographer, Pylot-Maior, Arche-Pylot, or Grand-Pylot-Generall of such an Incomparable islandish Monarchy, as, this BRITISH empire hath been: 
THE BRITISH MONARCHY.  Yea, as it, yet, is: or, rather, as it may, & (of right) aught to be: As I have been informed by him, who can reasonably declare how:  
WHom, also, I have heard, often and most heartily Wish, 
A very Commendable Wish of a faithful Subject.  That all manner of persons passing or frequenting any our Seas, appropriate: and many ways, next environing England, Ireland, and Scotland, might be, in convenient & honourable sort (at all times,) at the Commandment and Order (by Beck or Check) of A petty-navy-royal, 
A PETY-NAVY-ROYAL.  of Three score Tall Ships, (or more:) but in no case, fewer: and they, to be very well appointed, thoroughly manned, and sufficiently vittailed.  

The Commodity's ensuing of the Continual Guard and service of the petty-navy-royal.  The Public Commodities whereof, ensuing: are, or would be, so great and many, as the whole Commons, and all the Subjects of this Noble Kingdom, would (for ever,) bless the day and hour, wherein, such good and politic Order, was (in so good Time and Opportunity) taken, and established: And esteem them, not only most worthy and Royal Counsellors, but also Heroical Magistrates, who have had so fatherly Care for the Commonalty: and most wisely, 
General British Security.  procured so General British Security:  
¶ That, henceforward, neither France, Denmark, Scotland, Spain, nor any other Country, can have such liberty, for Invasion, or their mutual Conspiracies, or Aids, any way, Transporting: to annoyed the blessed State of our tranquillity: as, either they have (in times past) had: Or else, 
☞  may have, whensoever they will forget, or contemn, the Observing of their sworn, or pretended Amity.  
¶ Besides that, I report me to all English Merchants, (Said he) of how great value to them, and Consequently, to the Publik-Weale, of this Kingdom, such a Security were? Whereby, both outward, & homeward (continually) their Marchantlike Ships (many or few, great or small) may, in our Seas, and somewhat farther, pass quietly unpilled, unspoiled and untaken, by Pirates, or other, in time of Peace.  
The wisdom and purpose of that most politic Lawmaker, King Minos, may, herein, to us, be a sufficient Advertisement. For, 
* 
Thucydides Lib. prim●. Diodor. Sic. Lib. 6. Cap. 15. Graecorum primus e●t mari● Imperio poti●us.  
M●nos, king of C●●te, did Reign, about 2860. years ago.   Minos, antiquissimus eorum, de quibus audivimus, Classem habuit. Et dominatus est in maxima part eius Maris, quod nunc Hellenicum (i Graecum) voca●ur: Et Regnavit in Cycladibus, & primus Conditor multarum urbium in illis locis sui●, Cùm inde ei●cisset Cares: & filios suos Gubernatores constituis●et: Ac Praedandi consuetudinem (sicut consentaneum est) quantùm potuit, è mari sus●ulit: Idque ob eam cansam fecit, ut vectigalia & Redditus magis ad se pervenirent.  
What Abundance of Money, now, lost by Assurance, given, or taken, would by this means, also, be greatly out of danger?  
¶ And Thirdly, how many men (before time of urgent need) would, thus, be made very skilful, in all the foresaid Seas, and Sea Coasts: in their Channels knowing, in Soundings all over, in good marks taking, for avoiding dangers, in good Harboroughs trying out, in good Landings assaying, In the order of Ebbs and Floods observing, and all other points advisedly learning, which to the Perfect Art of Navigation, are very necessary: Whereby, they may be the better able to be divided and distributed, in a greater Navy, with charge of Mastership or Pylotage, in time of great need?  

Gubernau●●.  For, this Art of Navigation, requireth a great skill and industry. And, If, 2000 years since, it was found true, among the Grecians, that Ars est enim Res Nautica, 
Thucid. Lib. 1. in Oration Pericl●●.  si quid aliud: Nec discitur obiter: Sed ita ex●rcenda est, ut in eam solam, cura intendatur, ne obiter s●mul alia agantur: How much more, now, in our days, may it be truly affirmed: When, it is, ten times more, (in particular skill, and ingenious feats) augmented, than it was, in those days? They of this Navy, should oftentimes espy or mee●e the Privy Sownders and Searchers of our Channels, flats, banks, Pits, etc. And so, very diligently, deciphring our Sea-Coasts: Yea and in the river of Thames also: otherwhile, up to the Station of the Grand-navy-royall. And likewise, very o●ten, meet with the abominable thieves, that steal our Corn, and victuals, from sundry our Coasts: to the great hindrance of the Public plenty of England. And these thieves, are, both Subjects and foreigners: and very often, and to to evidently seen: and generally murmured at: but, as yet, not redressed: for all the good & wise Order, by the most honourable Senate of the Privy Counsel, taken therein.  
¶ Fourthly, how many Thousands, of Soldiers, (of all Degrees, and apt ages of men) would be, by this means, not only hardened, well to broke all rage and disturbance of Sea, and endure healthfully all hardness of lodging and diet there, but also would be well practised, and easily trained up, to great perfection of understanding all manner of fight and Service at Sea? So that, in time of great need, that expert and hardy Crew of some Thousands of Sea-soldiers, would be to this Realm a treasure incomparable. And, who knoweth not, what danger it is, in time of great need, either to use all fresh-water-Soldyers: Or, to be a fortnight in providing a little Company of Omnigatharums: taken up, on the sudden, to serve at Sea? For, our ordinary Land-musters, are generally intended, or, now may be spared, to be employed otherwise, if need be. I think, I have so hard, out of some book, written De Republica.  
¶ How many Hundreds of lusty and handsome Men, would be (this way) well occupied: and have needful maintenance: Which, now, are either Idle, or, want sustenance: or, both: In to to many places, of this renowned Monarchy?  
¶ Moreover, what a Cumfort and Safeguard, will it, or may it be, to the whole Realm, To have the great Advantage of so many warlike Ships, so well manned and appointed (for all assays) at all hours, ready to affronted strait way, set on, and overthrow, any sudden or privy foreign Treachery: by Sea (directly, or indirectly) attempted against this empire: in any Coast or part thereof? For, sudden foreign Attempts (that is to say, unknown or unhard of to us, before their Readiness) can not be done, with great power: For, great Navies, most commonly, are espied, or hard somewhat of, and that very certainly, while they are in preparing: though in the meanwhile (politikly) in divers places, they distribute their Ships, and their preparations appertaining.  
¶ And, by reason of the foresaid petty-navy-royal, It shall, at all times, not only lie in our hands, greatly to displease and pinch the Petty foreign Offender, at Sea: but also (if just occasion be given) on land, to do very valiant Service: and that, speedily: as well, against any of the foresaid foreign possible Offenders: As, also, against such of Ireland, Scotland, or England, who shall, or will traitorously, rebelliously, or seditiously assemble in Troops, or Bands, within the Territories of Ireland, or England: while, greater Armies (on our behalf) shall be in preparing, against them: If, farther need, be. For, skilful Sea-Soldiers, are, also, on land, far more traynable to all Martial exploits executing: and therein to be more quick eyed and nimble, at handstrokes, or scaling: better to endure all hardness, of Lodging, or diet: and less to fear all danger, near or far: Than the Land-Soldyer, can be brought to the perfection of a Sea-Soldyer. As (to the same Intent) the Incomparable, and most expert Graeke Captain Pericles, in his Oration (had to the Parliament Senators of Athens) avouched: Comparing their State, to the State of the Lacedæmonians. Saying: 
* Thucidid. Lib. 1.  Cumque Praesidium alic●bi adversus nos collocabunt, nocebunt illi quidem: quia excursionibus vastabunt Agros, & recipient Transfugas: Sed non poterunt simul & obsidere nos, & prohibere nostras Navigationes in ipsorum terram: Vbi eos Class vexabimus. At nos quidem plus habemus Industriae, ad praelia in terra, ex usu rei Nauticae: quàm ipsi habere possunt ad Rem Nauticam, ex usu Militiae Terrestris. Nec facilè erunt periti Rei Navalis. Name, nec vos (quanquam à bello Persico, Class utimur, & nos exercemus) satis Idonei estis.  
¶ By this Navy, also, all Pirates, our own Cuntrymen (And they to no small number) would be called, or constrained to come home. And then (upon good Assurance taken of the reformable, and men of choice, for their good Abearing, from hence forth) all such to be bestowed, here and there, in the foresaid Navy. For, good accownt is to be made of their bodies, (already hardened to the Seas) and chief, of their Courages and Skill, for good Service to be done at the Sea.  
¶ Nynthly, Princes and Potentates, our foreign friends, or privy foes, (the one for love, and the other, for fear) would not suffer any Merchant, or other, (Subjects of the Queen's Majesty), either to have to speedy wrong, in their Cowrts: Or, by unreasonable delays, or trifling Shifts, to be made weary, and unable to follow their right: And, notwithstanding such our friends, (or, Privy foes), their Subjects, would be glad, (most reverently) to become Suitors and Petitioners to the Royal State of this Kingdom, for just Redress: If, any kind of way, they could truly prove themselves, by any Subject of this Realm, injuried: and they, would never, be so Stout, Rude, and dishonourably Injurious to the Crown and Dignity of this most Sacred Monarchy, as, (in such Cases) to be their own Iudges● or, to use against this Kingdom, and the Royal chief Cownsaill thereof, such abominable Terms of Dishonour: as, our to to great Lenity, and their to to barbarous. Impudence, might (in manner) Induce them to do. And, all this, would come to pass, through the Royalty and Sovereignty of the Seas adjacent, or enuiron●ing this Monarchy of England, 
The British empire.  Ireland, and (by right) Scotland, and the Orknayes also, very Princely, prudently, and valiantly recovered: that is to say, by the said petty-navy-royal, duly and justly Limited: Discreetly possessed: and Triumphantly enjoyed.  
¶ Should not foreign Fishermen (over boldly, now, and to to Injuriously, abusing our Rich Fishings, about England, Wales, and Ireland) by the presence, oversight, power, and Industry of this petty-navy-royal, be made content, and judge themselves well apaid, to enjoy (by our leave) some great portion of Revenue to enrich them selves, and their Countries by: with Fishing, within the Seas, appertaining to our Ancient Bownds and Limits? Where, now, (to our great Shame, and Reproach), some of them, do come, 
☜  (in manner) home to our doors: and, among them all, deprive us, yearly, of many hundred thousand pounds: which, by our Fishermen, using the said Fishings, (as chief), we might enjoy: And, at length (by little and little) bring them, (If we would deal so rigorously with them,) to have as little portion of our peculiar Commodity, (to our islandish Monarchy, by God and Nature, assigned) as, now, they force our Fishermen, to be conte●ted with: And yearly (notwithstanding) do, at their fishing, openly, and ragingly use such words of reproach, toward our Prince and Realm, as, no true subjects heart can quietly digest: And, besides that, o●fer such shameful wrongs to the good laboursom people of this Land, as is not (by any reason) to be born withal, or endured any longer: Destroying their Nets, Cutting their Cables, to the los of their Anchors: Yea, ●●d oftentimes, of Barks, Men, and all. And, of these sort of people they be, which (other while) by colour and pretence of coming about their feat of fishing, do subtly and secretly use Sowndings, and Serching, of our Channels, Deeps, Showles, Banks, or Bars, along the Sea Coasts, and in our Haven Mowthes also, and up in our Creeks, sometimes in our Bays, and sometimes in our Roads, etc. Taking good Marks, for avoiding of the dangers: And also trying good Landings. And (so, making perfect charts of all our Coasts, round about England, and Ireland) are become (almost) perfecter in them, than the most part of our Masters, Loadmen, or Pilots, are: to the double danger of mischief in times of War: And, also to no little hazard of the State Royal: If (maliciously bend), they should purpose to landlord any puissant Army, in time to come.  
And, as Concerning those Fishings of England, Wales, and Ireland: Of their places: Yearly seasons: the many hundreds of foreign Fisherboats, yearly resorting: the divers sort of fish, there taken: with the appurtenances: I know right well, that (long ago●) all such matter, concerning these Fishings, is declared unto some of the higher powers of this kingdom, and made manifest, 
R. H.  by an other honest gentleman of the Middle Temple. Who, very discreetly and faithfully hath dealt there in, and still travaileth, (and by divers other ways also) to farther the Weale-Publik of England, so much as in him lieth.  
But, Note, (I pray you) this point very advisedly: That, 
* 1. Note.  As, By his plat, of our said fishing commodities, many a hundred thousand pounds of yearly Revenue, might grow to the Crown of England, more than (now) doth: And much more, to the Commons of this Monarchy, also: besides the inestimable benefit of plentiful vitayling, and relieving, both England: and Ireland: And beside the increasing of many thousands of expert, hard, and hardly Mariners: And besides the Abating the Sea forces of our foreign Neighbours, and unconstant friends: And (Contrariwise) the increasing of our own power, and force at Sea: 
* 2. Proverb. Principium, plus quam dimidium totius.  So, it is most evident and certain, that Principium (in this Case) is, Plus quàm dimidium totius. As I have hard it verified (proverbially) in many other affairs.  
Wherefore, the very Entrance, and Beginning toward our SEA-RIGHT Recovering, And the foresaid Commodities enjoying, at length: Yea, and the only means, of our Continuance therewith: Can be no other, but by the dreadful presence, and power, (with discreet oversight, and due order) of the said petty-navy-royal: being (whole some times, sometime a part thereof) at all the chief places, of our Fishings: as if they were Public Officers, Commissioners, and justiciers: by the Supreme Authority Royal, of our most Renowned QUEEN ELIZABETH, rightfully and prudently thereto assigned.  

A Master Key.  So, that, this petty-navy-royal, is thought to be the only Master Key, wherewith to open all Locks, that keep out, or hinder, this Incomparable British empire, from enjoying (by many means) such a yearly Revenue of treasure, (both to the Supreme head, and Subjects thereof, 
☞ ) as no plat of Ground, or Sea, in the whole world, else, (being of no greater quantity) can with more Right, 
The marvelous Privilege of the British empire.  greater honour, with so great ease, and so little Charges: So near at hand, in so short time, and in so little danger: any kind of way, yield the like, to either, King or other Potentate, and absolute Governor thereof, whosoever. Besides the Peaceable Security, to enjoy all the same, for ever. Yea, yearly and yearly, (by our wisdom and valiantness duly used) all manner of our Commodities, to arise greater and greater: as well, in wealth and strength, as of foreign love and fear, where it is most Requisite to be: and also of Triumphant Fame, the whole world over, undoubtedly. Also, this petty-navy-royal, will be the perfect means, of very many other, and exceeding great Commodities, redounding to this Monarchy: which, our Fishermen, with their 
* Fisherboates only could never bring to pass our enjoying the great blessing of God, appropriate to this Kingdom. Presently.  Fisherboats only, can never be able to Cumpas, or bring to pass: And those, being such, as are more necessary, to be cared for (Presently) than wealth.  

☞  Therefore, the Premises well weighed, above and before all other, this Plate of a petty-navy-royal, will (by God's grace) be found, 
A politic. A. B. C.  the plain and perfect A. B. C. most necessary for the Commons, and every Subject, in his calling, to be carefully and diligently musing upon, or exercising himself therein. Till, shortly, they may be able, in effect, to read before their eyes, the most joyful and pleasant British Histories, (by that Alphabet only, deciphered, and so brought to their understanding and knowledge) that ever, to this, or any kingdom in the whole world else, was known or perceived.  
¶ Furthermore, How acceptable a thing, may this be, to the Ragusyes, Hulks, Caruailes, and other foreign rich Laden Ships, passing within, or by any the Sea Limits, of her majesties royalty, even there, to be, now, in most Security, where, only heretofore, they have been in most jeopardy: as well, by the Ravine of the Pirate, as the Rage of the Sea, distressing them: for lack of Succour, or good and ready Pilotage? What great friendship in heart, of foreign Prince and Subject: And what liberal Presents, and foreign Contributions, in hand, will duly follow thereof, who can not imagine?  
¶ Moreover, such a petty-navy-royal, (said he) would be in such s●ead: As though, 1. One were appointed, to Consider and listen, to the doings of Ireland: 2. And, an other, to have as good an eye●, and ready hand, for Scotish dealings: 3. An other, to Intercept or understand, all privy Conspiracies (by Sea to be communicated) and privy Aids of Men, Munition, or Money, (by Sea to be transported,) & to the endamaging of this kingdom, any way, intended: 4. An other, against all sudden foreign Attempts: 5. An other, to oversee the foreign Fishermen: 6. An other, against all Pirates haunting our Seas: And therewith, as well to waste and guard our own merchants Fletes, as they shall pass, and repas, between this Realm, and wheresoever else they may best be planted, 
The Marts.  for their ordinary Marts keeping (if England may not best serve that turn) And also, to defend, help, and direct many our foreign friends, who must needs pass by, or frequent any of those Seas, whose principal royalty, (undoubtedly) is to the Imperial Crown of these British Islands, appropriate.  
One such Navy, (said he) by Royal direction, excellently well manned, and to all purposes, aptly and plentifully furnished, and appointed: and 
* NOW.  Now, in time of our 
* F●elix est ea Res●. quae tempore Pacis, bella tractat. Laurentius Grimalius. ●ol. 71. Libro Secundo de Optimo Sonatore, ad Sigismundum Polonia Regem.  Peace, and quiet every where (Yet), beforehand, set forth, to the foresaid Seas: with their Charges and Commissions, (most secretly to be kept from all foes and foreigners) would stand this Common wealth, in as great stead, as sour times, so many Ships, would, or could do, if, upon the sudden, and all at once, we should be forced, to deal, (for removing the foresaid sundry principal manners of Annoyance:) we being, then, uttorly unready thereto: And the Enemies Attempt, requiring speedy (and admitting no successive) defeating.  
¶ To Conclude herein: This petty-navy-royal, undoubtedly, will stand the Realm in better stead; then the enjoying of four such Forts or Towns, as Calais and Bulleyn only, could do. For, this, will be as great strength, and to as good purpose, in any Coast of England, Ireland, or Scotland, between us and the Foreign foe, as ever Calais was, for that only one place, that it is situated in. And will help to enjoy The royalty and Sovereignty of the Narrow Seas, throughout● and of other our Seas also, more seruisably, than Calais or Bulleyn ever did: or could do: if all the provisoes hereto appertaining, be duly observed: 
Only Peace with all foreign Princes intended (by this Navy) to be preserved.  forasmuch as, we intend, now, Peace only preserving: and no Invasion of France, or any Enemy, on that Main, inhabiting: toward whom, (by Calais, or Bulleyn,) we need to let-in our Land forces. etc. Much (I know,) may be here said, Pro, & Contra, in this Case. But, God hath suffered such matters to fall so out: and all to us, for the best, if it be so (thankfully) construed, and duly considered.  
For, when all foreign Princes, our Neighbours: doubtful friends, or undutiful People: (Subjects, or vassals) to our Sovereign, shall perceive such a petty-navy-royal, 
☞  hovering purposely, here and there, ever ready and able to overthrow any their malicious and subtle secret Attempts, intended against the weal Public of this most Noble kingdom, in any part or Coast thereof: Then, every one of them, will, or may think, that, (of purpose) that Navy was made out, only to prevent them, and none other: And for their destruction, being bewrayed: as they would dame. So, that, no one, such foreign Enemy, would adventure, first, to break out into any notable disorder, against us: Nor homish Subject, or wavering vassal (for like Respects) durst, then, privily muster, to Rebellion: Or make harmful Rhodes, or dangerous Riots, in any English, or Irish Marches.  
But, such matter as this, I judge you have, or might have hard of, ere now, (by the worshipful M. Dyer,) and that, abundandy: Seeing, Synopsis Reipub. Brytanicae, was, at his Request (six years passed) contrived: As, by the Methodical Author thereof, I understand. 
Note: A secret Policy herein.  Whose Policy (here) For the Partings, Meetings, Following, Circuits, etc. of the Ships (to the foresaid petty-navy-royal belonging) with the Alterations both of times, Places, and Number, etc. is very strange to here. So that, in total Somme, of all the foresaid Considerations, united in one: It seemeth to be (almost) a Mathematical demonstration, next under the Merciful and Mighty Protection of God, for a faesable Policy, to bring or preserve this Victorious British Monarchy, in a marvelous Security: Whereupon, the Revenue of the Crown of England, and Wealth-Publik, 
☞  will wonderfully increase and flourish: And then, thereupon, Sea forces (a new) to be increased, proportionally: etc. And so, the Fame, renown, Estimation, and Love, or Fear, of this British Microcosmus, all the whole and Great world over, will speedily be spread, and surely be settled. etc.  
Truly, I was carried (almost, ere I was ware) and that, very pleasantly, into the Consideration of the manifold and Incredible great Commodities, that may arise to this Kingdom, by A Navy, such, as I have (by good Instruction) spoken of: whereas, my chief purpose was, and is, to entreat of matters, touching this Paradoxall-Cumpas, and the perfect Art of Navigation. But, seeing the word of a Navy, was so near, in Sound, to Navigation: And seeing, no Navy (in deed) can be dealt withal, at Seas, accordingly, without good skill of Navigation: (though Navigation, may be without a Navy) verily, for so good a purpose, and so near to my matter, I favoured my fantazy, while it somewhat strayed from my principal Intent. And not so, neither. For, my principal Intent and his chief, (whose brief Advertisements herein I would gladly make some Remembrance of) Is, (as it aught to be, of duty) to be found faithful, serviceable, Comfortable, and profitable to the Political Body of this British Commonwealth: 
Every Sub●ect his Duty.  Whereof, we all, be Members, by God his merciful Ordinance. That is to say: All true Subjects, their Chief Intent, and principal purpose, (in all worldly their affairs, Arts, Sciences, and Studies, etc.) aught to be, the procuring, furthering, maintaining and increasing of the weal and Commodity public, so much as in them lieth, and as, they decently and dutifully may. And, So, the End of Ends, and yttermostscope of the said Art of Navigation, is such Public Commodity, of this whole kingdom intended, and meant: that, from that Public fowntain, very easily and certainly, may be derived to every private man, his proportional part of delicious Refreshing, and vital preservation, in very godly sort, and politic order.  
But, Contrariwise, Where private wealth and commodity is sought for, before Public: Or, no public Commodity at all, cared for, or intended: but only private: Or, where Public Commodity and Security, is evidently hindered, or, endamaged: There, by great wisdom, any such Commonwealth, would speedily be Cured from the Ruinous and Lamentable danger, to the Strength and life of the Weale-Publik ensuying, of those three kinds of so grievous and venomous wounds, if they be, overlong, neglected.  
And, as Concerning the former petty-navy-royal: that I may, aswell Report some part of his Plate, and Considerations, for the Charges thereof bearing and maintaining, 
The earnest wish of a dutiful Subject.  as I have expressed his earnest wish for such a Navy to be set forth, for the Causes alleged: After this manner, was his entrance into that part of his discourse. What would that Noble, Valiant, and Victorious Atheniensien PERICLES, say, if, now, he were living, and a Subject of Authority, in this British Kingdom? What Common Contribution, would his pithy Eloquence persuade, for the maintenance of this petty-navy-royal? Who, taught by word, and proved in effect, unam Pecuniae parandae rationem putandam, Naves quamplurimas habere: Alias verò extra eam rationes, nullius momenti existimandas. And so, effectually persuaded the Atheniensiens, Quòd, NAVES, Divitias: Divitias verò, aegestatem ducerent. Which AEnigma of Prudent Pericles, is thus (in Latin) expounded out of the greek Suidas. Opens igitur in Terra, Inopiam arbitrari: In MARI autem sitas esse Opens, existimare: Nihil aliud est, nisi unas putare Opens, Naves quamplurimas: Reliqua, Inopiam judicare: Cuiusmodi est Pecunia Spectaculorum, & judiciorum. Suadet itaque, Omnes in haec factos sumptus, Navibus esse assignandos. And, sins this matter of the petty-navy-royal, hath somewhat occupied mine Imagination, I have found (Said mine Instructor) by that worthy and excellent Plutarch his Graeke histories, 
Plutarch in Pericles life.  of Notable men's lives, that this Peerless Pericles (about two thousand years sins) faithfully and earnestly intending, 

Pericles flourished An. Mundi, 3537.  
About which time, Plato was borne.   to advance the Atheniensien State and Commonwealth: And to make it, after the best manner, to excel all other, with whom it had, or might have to do: perceived, the only means, to be Such, as, by manifold, and more forcible Arguments, the like, must to this British islandish Monarchy be much more available, To procure unto it, Triumphant prosperity: And how? By Sea Security: And how, that? By this petty-navy-royal, in due 
* Great wisdom it is, to use OCCASION when it is present.  time provided, and discreetly, at Sea maintained. For, Pericles wisely understanding, that no other means was so easy, so ready, and so sure, for Athens to attain to their wished for Sovereignty, among their friends and foes, dwelling about them: But if, they were Lords and Masters of the Seas, near and far about them: 
The marvelous Commodity, of being Lords & Ma●sters of the Sea.  he would not loose any opportunity of fardering his purpose therein, both by Ships preparing, and apt men training up to Sea discipline. And thereupon would not, Imperitis Voluptatibus Civitatem delinire: But with such exercises delight them, as, besides other their private Commodities growing thereby, The Principal and final Public purpose, might also therewith, be brought to greater nearness. As: Sexaginta autem Triremes quotannis emittere, in quibus multi ex C●●ibus navigabant: stipendiumque singulis octo 
* These eight Atticall Mines, were to be rated of our usual and current money, now. 25. pounds: very near: and other wise, to be named a hundred Crowns, For every Mina Attica, was of an 100 drachmas. Whereof, 8. made the ounce etc.  Minae erat: qui eas pro meditatione, & exercitatione ad Nauticam & Marinam Disciplinam, perciperet. This Pericles, also, by many his victories, was found and tried, abroad (on Sea and land) Vir bello fortis & strenuous: as well, as, a most provident and Circumspect Cownsailor, at home. Nulla enim incidit (eo Deuce) ne fortuita quidem Belli offensio. And, Quàm diù in Pace urbi praefuit, moderatè usus est Imperio, & tuta Civitas erat: Opibusque ac Potentia (ipso Rempub: gubernante) praecipuè florebat: As Thucydides witnesseth, and other. And now behold, what followeth (in Plutarch) noted, of some part of that most comfortable fruit enjoying, which, of the former Ships prepared, And the Citizens to Sea discipline before hand trained up, was reasonably expected: Deindè, Magna Class, optiméque ornata, & instructa, Graecas quidem Civitates, quarum ope & subsidio iwabantur, benignè humanéque tractavit: Vicinis autem Barbaris Nationibus, Regibus & Tyrannis, ostendit Potentiae molem, licentiamque & audaciam, quacunque libitum foret Navigantium: Maréque totum, sub suam ditionem & Imperium redigentium. O, a Sound Cownsailor and Courageous Captain, most meet for the British Sea Royalty recovering. O Pericles, thy life (certainly) may be a pattern and Rule to the higher Magistrates (in very many points) most diligently, of them, to be imitated. But, albeit, that such a greek Pericles, can not, readily, for our purpose, be found out: Yet, it is (Said mine Instructor) of some grave and expert men, thought probable, that this politic Devise, and humble Advertisement, can not so soon take effect, 
An humble Advertisement.  as all the States and the whole Commons of this British empire, may, (for the manifold and weighty Respects declared), both very faithfully desire, and also very quickly be induced, to be, after a most easy manner, Contributory thereunto: under the name of A perpetual Benevolence, 
A PERPETVALL BENEVOLENCE, FOR SEA SECURITY.  for Sea Security. For, who is there, of this Kingdom: A true and natural borne Subject (Spiritual or Temporal,) but very willingly would: and without any his hindrance, could, yearly forbear (to further and establish so marvelous a Benefit public) The Hundred Penny, of his Rents and Revenues: and the Five hundredth penny, of his Goods valuation? And after the same rate, is to be understood of all and every Fraternity, 
The peculiar specifying, of the manner of Wealth, you may consider in the Act, of the last Subsidy, granted, Anno Eliz. 18.  guilded, Corporation, Mystery, Brotherhood and Commonalty Corporated or not Corporated, within this Realm of England, Wales, and other the Queen's majesties Dominions, their goods and revenues. And that, for only the first and immediately next ensuing seven years space. Then, for the second seven years, to pay only, The Hundred and fiftieth penny, of his or their Rents and Revenues, and the Seven hundred and fiftieth penny of his or their goods valuation, yearly. And after 14. years expired, to pay for ever, but the half of the first Contribution. So that, after the first. 14. years fully expired, (after the day of this decree and Act making,) the Rate to be, yearly, but The Two hundredth penny, of his or their Rents and Revenues, 
The two hundredth penny, of Lands & Rents. And the Thousandth penny of goods, (for ever) yearly, to be payable.  and the Thousandth penny of his or their Goods valuation, for ever, And that, I mean, only, of all natural born Subjects, of this our blessed Island ALBION. So that, such an exact valuation of their wealth and ability, should not hereafter (in any wise) be a thing to the Subjects and Commons, prejudicial: And a cause of greater Charge, or burden to them, in their Ceasments (to come) for any other Public Service, or Commodity, than heretofore, the most general manner of favourable 
* As, one worth 500 l●. in goods, to be ceased at 50. li.  levying, of such other Taxes and Subsidies, hath been used. But, Believe, undoubtedly, After that this SEA SECURITY (with that favour of the Omnipotent King, which he chief beareth to justice, and Peace: and by the wisdom, and prudency of the higher powers of this empire) shall be ones established, and confirmed, in trade of due execution, (either by means here expressed, or better), Undoubtedly, 
* O, godly Intent: O long looked for Common wealth.  All other extraordinary TAXES, SUBSIDIES, RELIEVES, and LONES, etc. will cease, and utterly be needles, FOR EVER. Provided and excepted always, that no man being in the retinue of the petty-navy-royal, 
A Proviso.  shall with this Contribution be any thing charged: of what degree, or ability so ever he be. surely, Seeing God challengeth the Tenth yearly, and First fruits, continually: in Token of our Thankfulness toward him, and for Maintenance of the Levites, that are of the Spiritual Ministry, Truly: the Tenth of the Tenth, I mean, the Hundred part of our Revenues, As it is a les portion than the other, So will many thousands, be more willing to give it, and more truly to Reckon it, also, then (now adays) they do the other: And will judge This new Benevolence, as a gracious, godly, & politic 
* A politic Ester offering.  Easter Offering, toward the Repairing and new Strengthening of the fowndation and Walls of TEMPLUM PACIS, or Solomon's Temple, (as it were) I mean, of the whole British Monarchy: Wherein, by this means, we may, in Peace, joyfully, all the days of our life, and thankfully, serve the King of Kings, and Lord of Hosts: Little dreading, and les feeling the fury of any foreign Enemy's power. And thereby, also, be the better able to cut of, and speedily to repress any homish proud flesh, or Rebellious Carryens. And, as for the Free denizen, it is most reasonable and favourable handling, that he be Contributory herein, The Two hundredth part of his Yearly Revenues, and value in Substance: jointly esteemed: And the mere Forreyner (here inhabiting) to be answerable, yearly, for the Hundred part of his Substance only. In their Native Country, they know (and we are not ignorant) how far greater Sums, they have been Tributary of, yearly: and not, the Thousand part, to their Commodity so available, as this will be: And as they also will gladly acknowledge: If they have a faithful heart: wishing (as they are bound in Conscience) the prosperous estate of this Renowned Kingdom: Which, so charitably and fatherly, in their necessities, and half voluntary Banishments, hath received them, and still protecteth them: in no less Security, than the true and Natural born Subjects of this British empire, are protected in: aswell from all foreign violence, as all other Injuries within this Land, sustaining. Also, that every Forreyner or Alien, (denizen, or not,) falling not under the general reckoning and order of Contribution aforesaid, and notwithstanding, of the Age of seven years, or above, shall yearly yield to this Contribution, four pence, every one, for a Petty Foreign Courtesy. Finally, of the wages of all hired Servants, the Hundred Peny, of every five Nobles wages, is to be accownted of, yearly: if their meat and drink be also allowed them, besides their wages: As most willingly, all Discrete Servants, English and other, will yield thereto. That is, of every five Nobles wages clear, received, or to be received, only four pence to be due to this Contribution, yearly. And of any wages under five Nobles, nothing to be accownted herein, due. And aswell, for the foresaid forreyner, his or her Petty Courtesy: as also, for all Servants, their five Noble Groat, of Contribution, The Master, (or he, or She), with whom the said Forreyner or Servant (or being both) is or shallbe abiding (at the time of Contribution, or Contributions,) to be charged with the same, for lack of payment thereof.  
To be plain, and very brief: Who is there, in this whole Kingdom, 
☜  so Temperate and Thrifty in his expenses: that dispendeth not, yearly, in very vain, and utterly unprofitable Charges, (I will not name some, worse,) the Hundred part of his yearly Revenues: and the Five hundredth part of the value of his Goods? Let every man, unparcially, examine himself, and his own Case, therein. But, if we, now, would leave of, such vanity, and (in deed) folly, and turn that vain folly to Ripe wisdom: And that superfluous charge, private, to wealth public: We may be judged to have given an attentive ear, to the Kingly Prophet: and to have been obedient, to his Counsel: Where he sayeth: Declina à malo, & fac Bonum: Inquire PACEM, & persequere eam. Sir, pardon me I pray you: for, though I meddle not with the Mystical and spiritual sense, hereof: (for, I am neither Doctor, nor Bachelor of Divinity: not, nor, of any calling levitical) Yet, truly, this exposition, or application, is not utterly unapt for this our purpose, of seeking ways to preserve the Peace public, with all foreign Princes: And to establish the Security thereof, perpetually: So far, as human policy, may make reasonable account, 
☜  of so likely and circumspect means, duly executed.  
It is an old Proverb. A Sword, keepeth peace: So, this Navy, by his present readiness, and the Secret of his Circuits, 
Herein consist sundry Secrets.  and visitations of sundry foreign and homish Coasts, observed: will make the malicious murmurers, and privy malefactors, of all sorts, to keep in, and to forbear their wicked devices and policies: which, otherwise, against us, they would adventure to execute.  
Moreover, whereas, some are of Opinion, that pretty Speed, 
speed.  were needful, in the Premises (as the tickle and perilous State of Christendom, is, at this present:) Truly, in Respect thereof, we have great cause to thank God, for the honest and prudent disposition of some Subjects of this Realm: at whose hands (till Ships enough for the purpose, might advisedly be built) we may, partly buy, and partly hire, both in number and goodness, Ships, sufficient, to serve, in this Case, with all Opportunity.  
But, as Concerning any of her majesties Principal Navy, 
☜  to be among them, now, a● the first, for Cowntenancing of their Credit, or furnishing of their Strength, he would not presume, to sp●●ke thereof: referring (very dutifully) such points, to the great wisdoms of the highest Magistrates, to consider of.  
And, Certainly, if any thing, may (reasonably) be alleged, as a Hindrance, whereby this Incomparable islandish empire, shall be barred (yet longer) from tasting of this most delicious, Comfortable, Cordial, and preservative fruit of * Peace and Tranquillity (politikly assured:) of * Wealth and Richeses, coming in, abundantly, to Queen and Subject: And, of right honourable * Renown, and great friendship, procured both nigh and far: If any thing (Said he) may seem of Importance, that, probably and possibly may hinder this Public Policy, 
Three great Doubts and Objections.  from being put in execution: The first thing may be, a Certain Doubt, which may arise among the grave Cownsaylers, and circumspect Guardians of this Commonwealth: Whether the treasure, by the former rate, generally in England levied and collected into their hands and order, will be sufficient to countervail all Charges, ordinary and extraordinary, to such a petty-navy-royal, appertayning● or no:  
Also, they will, or may doubt, whether victuals will hereby wax scarce, and dear, the whole Realm throughout, or no:  
And Thirdly, the Poor and faithful Commons, will on their part, only doubt, of the true, due, and just using and Bestowing of the foresaid yearly Benevolence: and that, perpetually: according to the very godly and politic Intent of the perpetual Contribution thereof. These three doubts, chiefly, being reasonably dissolved, I will return to the Paradoxall-Instrument, and other Navigation matters, thus, a while, set aside.  

The Touchstone of all subjects wisdom.  As for the first: If the Touchstone of all subjects wisdom, that is, the Queen her most excellent Majesty, and her right honourable and faithful privy Counsel, do like, this Petty Navy (for the purposes before rehearsed) to be set forth and maintained: 
This Navy to be nothing chargeable to the Queen's Majesty.  So that, the same, become not chargeable to her highness: but be sufficiently provided for, by the most easy and voluntary Contribution of her loving and faithful Subjects, and other, (in manner, above specified:) Then, it is to be said to the Doubt of want of Money necessary: That, if the foresaid ordinary and universal Benevolence of England, will not suffice (Though it will amount, Yearly, to above an Hundred Thousand pounds) And especially, seeing the greatest Charges will be at the first preparations: if all things be made and bought new: It is (undoubtedly) to be supposed, that many a Thousand of Men and Women: Yea (in deed) the most part of all the former Contributers, seeing or understanding the first years Contribution (before hand, delivered) so well and duly bestowed, toward their Intent performing, would, presently (upon a Second Public warning, of want,) of their own honest discretion, become (again) as Liberal and Beneficial, (and, but for this once) Extraordinary, as only the Six hundredth penny of their Goods and Revenues, jointly, should be of value. That is, for him that may dispend, by Rents, of Lands, or otherways, a Hundred pounds, yearly: and be also, in Goods, worth 500 pounds, to yield now, in extraordinary Contribution, xx. s. only: and never, after that, any more extraordinary Aid, to be, in this behalf, or otherwise, required.  
Moreover, in this Case of want, for such a Public Benefit furthering (as never was the like thereof, to this British Monarchy so probably, assured) we would crave, the Charitable and Brotherly Benevolence (and that only for this ones, As for the first setting up, of the said petty-navy-royal: And, but, according to this most easy, and Second 
* Only the Six Hundred Penny of Revenues and Goods jointly.  Rate to be levied) of the Inhabitants of Ireland, jernsey, Garnsey, the Counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmoreland, the Town of Newcastle upon Tyne, the Bishoprik of Durham: and of all those Cities, Boroughs, and Towns (only the Town of Barwick to be excepted herein) which by any Letters Patents, of the Queen's Majesty, or of her most Noble Progenitors, (otherwise) have Exemption, Privilege, & Immunities, from paying any Tax, or Subsidy. etc. And likewise, of the Inhabitants of the Five Ports, and every of their Members: And also of the present Inhabitants within the Liberties, of Romney Marsh. And thereupon, good and sufficient Proviso, 
A Proviso.  to be made, and established, to all and every of the foresaid extraordinary Aiders, that this their discrete and voluntary Contribution, shall in no case (hereafter) be unto them any thing prejudicial, or damageable to their Charter or Privilege of Immunity.  
¶ And this Request, with no little Reason, 
The Reason, why, of those Exempted and Privileged Places, an Extraordinary Aid, is to be requested only this once.  may be offered to their Courtesies, to Consider of: Seeing, not only, it is for the better and more assured Peace and tranquillity enjoying, over all these Kingdoms of England, and Ireland: and for a marvelous and Incredible wealth, and no less Strength, procuring to the same: But also, forasmuch as, all the former, ordinarily exempted of all Taxes, and Subsidies, etc. shall, or may, by the continual Service of this Navy, and also by the treasury thereof (hereafter) be greatly aided: and that (peculiarly) to the lessening both of their 
☜  Charges, and also of their 
☜  Danger, many ways: In respect whereof, such Privileges, Immunities and Exemptions, were first granted unto them: and continually have been, and are confirmed. So that, such their extraordinary Benevolence, shall not seem merely given: not, nor so chargeable unto them, as lent Good: But, to be Money most commodiously (for their peculiar Causes, and behoof) somewhat before hand, disbursed.  
¶ Also, if it were presently known, that this petty-navy-royal, (undoubtedly) should, for the foresaid exceeding weighty Respects, very shortly, be considered of: And with conveniency and Opportunity, furthered to the setting forth, and use thereof: upon that True and sufficiently warrented Assertion, and declaration: How many godly Aldermen, and other well disposed Merchants, of the City of London: How many a Merchant Venturer, & owner: Yea, how many great Wooll-Maisters, Staplers, and Clothier's, throughout the whole Realm: Yea, and how many other, of all States and Professions, would very charitably, in their Legacies, 
Legacies.  Remember: or, be contented to be put in mind, of devout Contribution, or Legacy, toward the treasury augmenting, for due maintenance of the foresaid petty-navy-royal?  
¶ How many a Bishop, Dean, and Archdeacon, etc. With their own hands, would (Extraordinarily) be example to the Laity, of turning, Liberally, the Mammon of Iniquity, to the preservation of Public Tranquillity: and the maintenance of the politic Security thereof, against Foreign fraud and force: and all Homish possible Rebellions?  
¶ But, and if the Incredible great, and manifold Commodities ensuing thereof, were but had, a year, two, or three, in proof: (O Lord) What load would be laid on, then, among the Godly, wise, and able Subjects, to the better maintenance of a bigger Navy: And of new devised, more warlike Ships? How many would contend with other, virtuously, to excel herein: as zealous Benefactors, to the Weale-Publik? And so, for ever, to remain recorded: not in book only, with pen and Ink marked: but in the hearts of all British, and English Posterity: and in their thankful memories, deeply Imprinted.  
Can the devout zeal, and Intent of our forefathers, be so Beneficial to Thousands: And, without any Commandment, or Request Public, (they being then, in darkness, and beclogged with Superstition) most gladly, be so liberal, to the building of so many fair Monasteries, etc. Their decking, and treasury within: and enduing with Lands, abroad (far and near) to their charge, of so many Hundred Thousand pounds, as, now, (in manner) are inestimable: And shall we, now, in the clear Sun shine of the pure Truth and Gospel: in the time of true Religion, 
☞  known, and observed (As we will be counted of,) Shall we, (I say), be either so ignorant, how to use our Liberality: Or, so cold in Charity: or so blind in foresight: Or, so privately scraping, and miserably hoarding up: or, so thankless and unfriendly to the Common State of this kingdom: Where, both, our Ancestors have received their life, maintenance and wealth: And we ourselves, no less: and are most desirous, that our Children, Wives, friends, and Posterity, should enjoy as great Commodities, by means of the Public Society, and the Civil Communality, being preserved in Secure Tranquillity: Shall we (I pray you) in virtuous zeal, and Liberality, and chief, in these our Respects, of very needful and certain, very Godly and great Commodities enjoying, be far Inferior to them, in their Respects, such as they were? We, being in wealth, and Revenues also, far Richer, now: than they; then were? God forbid: that so great disorder, and lack of discretion, should be to be suspected now, or to be doubted of, in the people and Subjects, of this Godly, wise, and rich Kingdom.  
¶ And How, can any Man, reasonably doubt of the ability of so mighty a kingdom, to set forth, and maintain most easily, only Three or Fowrscore Tall and Warlike Ships: Where, so many Thousand Thousands, of folks, are Contrybuters to the Charges requisite? Seeing, only Forty or Fifty worthy Subjects, of their own private ability, do very easily, and (in manner) continually, maintain in trade, at Sea, so many (and more,) such tall Ships: And the same, well Appointed, well vittayled, well Manned: and they, Duly paid:  
And chief, Seeing Such a petty-navy-royal, of Threescore Tall Ships, 
The petty-navy-royal.  and each of them, between eightscore and two hundred, Tun of Burden: And Twenty other smaller Barks, (between 20, and 50, Tun,) may be new made, very strong and Warlike: and all, well vittayled, for Six Thousand, Six hundred, and Sixty Men: and those Men, Liberally waged: And both Ships, and Men, to all needful purposes, sufficiently appointed: and so maintained continually, and that, very Royally, FOR EVER: for less, than Two Hundred Thousand Pounds Charges, YEARLY, sustained. 
The yearly Charges of the petty-navy-royal. Will be less than 200000. Pounds Yearly.   
¶ Moreover, In Respect of farther by-help, toward the Charges maintaining: It is not to be forgotten or neglected, that for a while, at the first (and perchance, now and then, afterward) this Navy, is likely to meet with, and to Seize upon, divers Pirates and Rovers: 
Pirates Goods.  who, either at broader Seas (you may ges, where) or else, nearer hand, have made Ravening havoc: And now, they, and their Goods, treasure, Ships, and all, will fall into the hands, of Our petty-navy-royal, or some part thereof.  
Marry, herein, my Instructor, wisheth some Just and needful Order to be provided, and kept inviolably. That such Ships, Goods, treasure: etc., should not rashly, greedily, or disorderly be dealt withal. As though, we ourselves, also, would be come Partners with thieves: where, now, we are BY GOD AND OUR GOOD QUEEN, constituted, as Discrete justicers & faithful Reformers of manifold Wrongs, at Sea, sustained: And therein, to execute our Charge, as much, and as conveniently, as we may:  
Therefore, after that such a Pirate, Ship, and goods, are under our safe Custody bestowed: Proclamation: is, so immediately to be made, that within a mont after, (or six weeks space, at the farthest,) it may be published in sundry chief and most frequented Ports, of this kingdom: lying, (as may upon sundry Circumstances be gathered) most apt, and toward the places, either from whence those goods came: or toward which, they were to be carried: with all such necessary Notice and Advertisement published, by the Proclamation aforesaid, as may be available to help the true Owners to their goods again. 
Vnic●ique, quod Suum est, tribuatur.   
Those taken Pirates, always, can (herein) best Instruct, where, of whom, when, and how, they came by that Booty. The wares themselves, the merchants Marks, Letters, Bills, reckonings in that Ship or Ships, with those Pirates found, will also give some light to such Merchants here, as are best acquainted, with men of those quarters and Countries, from whence, such goods came: Or whither they were to be brought. And, so, after the first Proclamation made, every six weeks after, the Like to be made, in place convenient, as before: Till a whole Year and a Day space, be fully expired, after the Day of the said Pirates taking.  
And, if, within that year and a Day space, Not claim be made: That, then only, and not before, of All such goods, (not yet Claimed), 
A proviso.  Sale be made, by Auction public. Provided always, that of wares, which would, by such length of time, take great hurt, or Perish: (in good order of Auction,) Money be made in due time. And then, out of all manner of that Auction Money, all Charges, until that time, sustained, to be first Discharged: And so, the whole Some thereof, remaining: And the treasure also of Gold, Silver, and ready Money, (If there be any,) is to be distributed, after this manner, (
If, is here used, for that the whole doth belong to the Prince, by prerogative: and therefore it is here half Petitionally, and so, Conditionally reckoned upon: As, by the Queen's Royal bountyfullnes, which is always to be hoped upon, in Rebus Re●p B●ytanicae necessaries: And the rather herein, seeing none of her majesties Ordinary, standing, or certain revenue is hereby diminished: nor her highness at any charges about the getting of these Pirate: and l●●ng her Grace's Customs are the more increased, when her Seas are free and safe from Pirates.  If it shall by the Higher Powers, be so liked of:)  
Divide the Some, and Value of all, into Ten equal Parts. Whereof 4. are to be allotted to the treasury of the Exchequer Royal of our sovereign: 3. to the treasury of the petty-navy-royal: 2. to be shared among the Captains, Soldiers, and Mariners: That is to say, among all the Men of those Ships, which did present an actual service, in the taking and Mastering of the foresaid Pirate, or Pirates: and one part of those Ten, to be Due to the Lord Admiral of England, for the time being.  
And as concerning the Shares, which are to be parted among the said Servitors of the petty-navy-royal: This, is justice: That (generally) it be distributed, according to the proportions of their Months wages: one compared to the other. And (particularly,) Odd 
* In hoc, multae pereunt Respublicae: Cum qui Bonus & Strenuu● est ●●r, nihil plus quam Ig●●●●● fert l'ramij. jacobus ●●manc. Lib 9 De Rep. Cap. 20.  Reward, out of the Navies treasure, is to be cheerfully and thankfully given, to whosoever (at that time,) did most valiant and manful service. And so, for a Second, Third, and Fowrth. etc. If it so fall out.  
¶ And of all Goods, treasure, Money, and juells etc. By means of the foresaid Proclamations (or otherwise.) Duly challenged: After all former charges, for the preserving thereof hitherto, shall be accordingly paid, by the Lawful Challendger: And upon his paying also, only 
The Tenth of Pirates Spoils, truly restored, to be contributed for a courteous recompense.  the Tenth of the clear value, of the so challenged Goods (the said charges Deducted) Restitution, presently, is to be made to the said Challenger: And then, that Tenth, is to be distributed, in manner before expressed: by 4. 3. 2. 1. If the same be so liked of, By our sovereign.  
¶ To Conclude then: One other Chapter (yet more) hereunto, annexed, will make it most Certain, that treasure will not fail us, for the Royal and Triumphant maintenance, of this our petty-navy-royal, And, that is: If it would please the Queen her most gracious goodness, 
A Supplication to the Queen her most excellent Majesty.  to be so bountiful to the Commons, as to give, Grant, and Assure FOR EVER, to the treasury of the foresaid petty-navy-royal, all that her Right, Title, and Interest to the TENTH of all Foreign Fishings, within the Royal Limits and jurisdiction of her BRITISH SEAS of England and Ireland: where, now, No man, in her highness behalf, or to her use, receiveth of any Foreign Fisherman, any one Penny, in token of their dutiful acknowledging her royalty, within her due Limits of the foresaid Seas.  
There is a double Title, and a Third Reason, of this Lawful demand: The Titles, are these: Aswell for occupying those Our peculiar Seas, and Sea-Coasts, (to their great Gain) otherwise, then as a 
The use of the Sea, is Common, but not the jurisdiction of the Sea. And yet, the same, may be prescribed: And the Propriety thereof fall to the Title Royal. Vide Cepolam Tractat, de Seru. Rust. Cap. 26. Fol. 95. columna. 2. This is Bartolus opinion, recorded by Cepola. Habentes jurisdictionem in Territorio Coherente Mari, dicuntur habere jurisdictionem etiam in Mari Vicino, usque ad Centum milliaria: & possunt ita Capere & punire Delinquentes in Mari, usque ad Centum milliaria, Sicut in Terra, in suo territorio. Quod Nota: quia habui de facto pro Venetis contra januenses. Bart. Cepola. Tractatu Rust. Praediorum. Cap. 26. Habentes jurisdictionem in Terra, habent etiam jurisdictionem, in Mari & eius Insulis, valde remotis, DUMMODO alteri loco terrestri non sint magis propinqnae: Angelus, in Liege, Insulae Italiae, ff. de judicijs, etc. Vide Cepolam Cap. 26. ubi de Confinio in Mari statuendo, aeque ut in Terra. Which cometh near to the equity of this Philosophical judgement, for the Determining of the Royal British Sea Limits.  Common Sea Passage: And also, for that they shall not be, nor aught to be exempt of all tithing, there, toward God his part: where, with les cost, they receive greater Benefit, than any Husbandman, of tilth of the Earth. In Respect (therefore) of God's Glory: the Royal Authority, in our own Coasts, will Induce them, By Right and Might, to Remember both God, and Queen, by whose favours, they are so greatly benefited, within our foresaid Sea Limits.  
Which Limits (According to the judgement of mine Instructor,) Are, in all places, to be accounted, directly to the middle Seas over, Between the Seashores', of her own Kingdom (and of all Petty Isles, to the said Kingdom appertaining) and the Opposite Sea-shoares', of all Foreign Princes: And in all Seas, lying immediately between any two of her own Coasts or Sea-shoares', the whole breadth of the Seas over (in such places) is, by all Reason and justice, appropriate to her peculiar jurisdiction and SEA royalty.  
The Proportion of the Equity of this judgement, dependeth somewhat upon the Civil Law, concerning Partition or Propriety of Isles growing up in fresh water Rivers. And it is not unreasonable, to dame Seas between divers next Kingdoms, to be in like and Analogical Condition, in respect of King and King: As fresh water Rivers, are, in Respect of Private Subjects, of one Kingdom, whose Grounds are lying on both sides of the said Rivers: Though the Stream and waters thereof (after a sort) be accownted Common.  
divers private Grounds, have, through them (by prescription so won, or otherwise purchased:) Some, Iter: Some, Actum: Some, Viam: Yet, no man, that, may there lawfully pass, may also lawfully dig, to his gain (or otherwise) In Itinere, Actu, or Via, of that sort, without further and due licence obtained. So, all high Ways, are counted Common and Public, to pass in: But, for any Private Man, (though he be a Subject,) in any part thereof, to dig for a Quarry of Stone, or mine for Hour, or Stonecoles' etc. It is not lawful: though he would fill it up again, as well as he found it first. So, here, the British Seas, are Common, and free for all Ships of all Nations to pass in, and upon: But, as concerning the Fish, under the water of those Seas: (Which Fish, God & Nature, bringeth favourably within the peculiar Bownds & jurisdiction of Our Royal Precinct:) Not Foreign Subject, aught, customably, or otherwise (presumptuously) therein, to cast Net for the same: or, (usually or presumptuously) to search, or drag, to his private gain, therein, without the especial 1. good leave, of the Majesty of our sovereign Queen (the undoubted Lady and Mistress, of the Sea Coasts next adjacent) first obtained: or, generally to be 2. hoped for: 
* ☞  Or, at the lest, not expressly known to the 3. Contrary.  
And herein, we deal, neither Injuriously or dishonourably. For, we will, to all our Opposite Neighbours, also attribute, allow, grant and yield as good Right and Interest, for the other Moiety of the Seas, to their Shore and Coasts appropriate, as we do now challenged, for our peculiar half. So, that, this is most Just, Conscionable, and Godly: Herein, To do, as we would be done unto. Which point, tendeth greatly to the Assurance of all good Amity, 
justice, and good Conscience.  and peaceable Traffic continuing, with our faithful, or loving Neighbours.  
And, Seeing justice, and God, is on our side, what Shame and discredit is it, or may it be, to us, with all Christian Nations, (that shall truly understand the Case:) if we, like faint hearted and degenerated Meacocks, should, now, 
NOW.  make dainty, shrink, or be afraid, valiantly to season on, and prudently to enjoy, this so manifest Right and possession of our Sea Limits: and that, every way? being, in deed (where they are greatest) in respect of other Princes late Attempts, and Success, of enlarging and settling their new devised Sea Limits: not so great a part, as a drop of water, is, in respect of a pottle.  
Can that Petty Marchantlyke king of Portugal, have any reasonable Pretence: either, by Law of God, or Man, to invade and possess: not, Quod nullius in Bonis erat, aut est: 
The Law: Quod Nullius in Bonis est, Occupanti conceditur.  But, many other men's Ancient and lawful Possessions, and Kingdoms: though they were, (and some yet be) Infidels? And that, in a course much longer, from his own, little, rightful, and original Kingdom, than half the world is about, in the greatest Circle: yea, after the shortest Cut or Cours, which any way, they can be brought, to the bounds of their late forced royalty? And shall not we, have the Courage and skill, rightfully to enjoy the very Precinct of our own Natural islandish walls, 
☞  and royalty of our Sea Limits, here, at home, and before our doors?  
Can the Portugal King (by the Pope's Authority) 'cause the King of Spayn, to make his Navies and Armadas, to forbear coming within any portion of the East half of the whole world? (as, to enjoy, or be master of any Sea, Main, or Island therein:) And also, will the King of Spayn, be contented, so, to condescend and allow unto the Portugal, upon condition, that the other half of all the world (Westward) might be at the like his choice and jurisdiction? (And though, in deed, between them two, and before God, this covenant Negative, is firm, and inviolably to be kept: Yet, neither of them, by any law, of God or Man, can farther season on, 
Note.  as their New possessions, but, as we, and other, lawfully, may: That is, where they find, Quod Nullius in Bonis est,) Can they, honourably (Quoth he) thus presume, and with a Christien, Conscience, deal, Divide and Share the whole world, between them two only (quo jure, quáue Iniuria) as much as they can: And will not they, 
☞  or must not they, and all our opposite Neighbours, be so reasonable, yea and honourable with all, as to allow, like, and commend our wisdoms and Industry, to enjoy the skyrts and Purlieus (as it were) of our British, natural, and appropriate Sea Limits? And that, in the most decent, peaceable, and friendly manner, that Princely Counsellors hearts can devise, and most discrete Captains, under them, can execute?  
Well, (Said he) my Hope is, that under our good sovereign Elizabeth (ere long, if it be her pleasure) the Equity of this Case, will, 
A Godly and Political Marriage, And the blessed Offsprings thereof.  or may, be married, with the Security of the whole State of this empire: And that they two, will bring forth COMMON 1. WEALTH, INVINCIBLE 2. STRENGTH, AND IMMORTAL TRIUMPHANT 3. FAME: Three most lawful British Children, and long wished for, of the true, British, and Christian Druids, they being also, Political Philosophers, and not Sophisticate.  
Believe Pericles his Saying, betimes: 
Thucid: Lib. 1. Pag. 93.  Magnum est, enim, potiri Mari. Considerate enim, SI INSULANI essemus, INEXPUGNABILES essemus. 
SI INSULANI ESSEMUS, INEXPUGNABILES ESSEMUS.  Note, here, (I pray you,) a fowrfolde wise purpose, under One golden Saying: to the British Monarchy (at this Instant) most aptly, appliable: SI INSULANI ESSEMUS.  
Besides all this: It is most earnestly and carefully to be considered, that our Herring Fishings, against Yarmouth chief, have not (so Notably to our great Injury and los, 
NOTE.  and the great and Incredible gain of the Low countries) been traded, but from xxxuj. years ago, hitherward. In which time, as they have in wealth, and number of Boats, and Men, by little and little, increased: and are now become very rich, strong, proud, and violent: So, in the Race of the self same time running, the Coasts of Norfolk, and Suffolk, next to those Fishing places adjacent, are decayed in their Navy: to the Number, of 140. Sail, And they, from Threescore, to a hundred Tun, and upward: besides Crayers, and other. Whereupon, (Besides many other damages, thereby, sustained publicly:) These Coasts, are not 
* Though of Late in the Vlishing & Low Country Troublesome disorders, Some Few (by Stealing over of victuals, and other things, from this Commonwealth) have made themselves privately rich, and so, Able to set forth, to Island, and to other places, a Ship or two: who (before,) were far unable thereto, by their own Wealth, and Lawful trade of Dealing.  able to trade Iseland, as in times past, they have done: to no little los, yearly, to the wealth-Publik of this Kingdom.  
But, the Herring Busses, hither, yearly resorting, out of the Low countries (under King Philip his dominion) are, above. 500  
Besides, an Hundred, or such a thing, of Frenchemen.  
The North Seas Fishing, (within the English Limits,) are yearly possessed of 300. or 400. Sail of Flemyngs, so accownted.  
The Western Fishings, of Hake, and Pylchard, are yearly possessed by a great Navy of Frenchmen: who, yearly, do great Injuries, to our poor Cuntrymen, her majesties faithful Subjects.  
Strangers also, enjoy at their pleasure, the Herring Fishing of Alamby, Wyrkington, and White Haven, upon the Coast of Lancashire.  
And in Wales, about Dyfi, and Aberysthwith, the plentiful Herring Fishing, is enjoyed by .300. Sail of Strangers.  
But (In Ireland) Baltemore, is possessed yearly, (from july to Michaelmas) most commonly, with 300. Say●● of Spaniards: entering there, into the Fishing, at a Streict, not so broad, as half the breadth of the Thames, against White-Hall. Where, our late good King Edward (the Sixth,) his most honourable Privy Counsel, was of the mind (once) to have planted a strong Bulwark: for other weighty Respects, as well, as for his Majesty to be sovereign Lord of the Fishing of Myllwyn and cod, there.  
Blackrock, is yearly fished by 300, or, sometimes 400, Sail of Spaniards, and frenchmen. But, to Reckon all, I should be to tedious to you, and make my heart to Ache, for sorrow. etc.  
Yet, Surely, I think it necessary, to leave to our Posterity, some Remembrance of the places, where, our rich Fishings else, are, about Ireland: As at Kilsale, Cork, Carlingford, Saltesses, Dungarwen: Yowghall, Waterford, La foy, The Band, Calibeg. etc. And all, chief enjoyed, as securely and freely, from us, by Strangers, as if they were within their own Kings peculiar Sea Limits: Nay, rather, as if those Coasts, Seas, and Bays, (etc.) were of their private and several purchases: To our unspeakable los, discredit, and discomfort: And to no small danger (farther) in these perilous times, of most subtle Treacheries, and fickle fidelity. Dictum, Sapienti sat esto.  
And, as for Ireland Fishings, some Towardness of good Policy, and somewhat like reason of providence, was in the heads of the honourable Counsellors and Parliament Senators to King Edward the fourth: When, in the fifth year of his Reign, this Act, (among sundry other,) was established: That no Ship, or other vessel, of any foreign Country, shall go to Fishing in the Irish Countries: And, for Custom to be paid, of the vessel that cometh from foreign Lands to Fishing. Farther to urge, or more particularly to specify the Conclusions, and reasonable Sequeles, as well of the words of the Act, as the Intent of the Act making, is needles, in this place.  
Now, then, who can doubt, (to begin withal) but that it is a most reasonable and friendly Request, of all these foreign Fishermen, to require, (with all circumstances of Humanity, Courtesy, and Friendship, therein, and thereto used,) The Tenth only, 
Only the TENTH, of Fish taken by Foreign Fishermen, within the British Sea Limits, is to be Levied, discretely.  of all their yearly Fishings: by such means, as, most conveniently for them, and to our behoof, best, we may receive the same: In Token, of their reasonable Acknowledging the ROYALTY of this British Monarchy, in the self same British Seas, and Coasts, to be, by God and Nature established: where, they receive so great Commodity: and where, from hence forth, no Injury by any Man of ours, shall be to them done, or offered: But, their thankfulness to God, (in respect of Tithe) and their Friendly duty to the Royal Majesty, and Imperial Dignity of our sovereign Lady Elizabeth, (within her own Sea Limits) is, thus, in rightful, decent, and friendly manner, required.  
¶ And here, also, the Third Reason of Demanding the foresaid Tenth (
* Supra Pag. 21. Linea. 1 ●  before spoken of,) is to be plainly specified: Which is this. Whereas, the Herring Busses, and other Foreign Fishermen, have, heretofore, used to be at great Charges, with hiring Wafters and certain Ships (of their own Country) appointed Warlike: for their Guard and Defence, in the time of their Fishings, within our British Sea Limits: Now (by the politic order, and valiant Industry of her majesties petty-navy-royal, executed) No Pirate, Rover, or Pilfrer, nor any warrior, in Ship of War: Not, nor Executioner of any Letter of Mark, shallbe permitted to use, or haunt any of our British Seas: and therefore, None of these sorts, shall breed unto the Foreign Fishermen, any Disturbance, Los, or hindrance, in the time of their said Fishings: And, besides this, by the means of the said petty-navy-royal, (continually maintained at the foresaid Seas,) all manner of their Merchantlike Ships, at all times, may freely and safely pass, and frequent, not only the British Narrow Seas, but also divers other Seas: being within, or any thing near the Walk and Circuits, of the same petty-navy-royal. Wherefore, In regard of their said great Charges 
* 1.  Sparing: And for such Security 
* 2.  enjoying in the time of their Fishings, (Which two points, are by our petty-navy-royal, supplied, and to them procured): And in regard of the inestimable Los, and Damage, assuredly preventing, (against all Pirates, Warriors, and all other violence of Man,) Which, else, might happen to their 
* 3.  Merchantlike, very rich Laden Ships, Hulks, or other, passing within, or near the Circuits, which are (ordinarily and extraordinarily) of our petty-navy-royal, to be used and frequented: (Whereby, also, among their own Nation, great Sums of Money, oftentimes, lost by 
* 4.  Assurance taking, may, now, be saved.) In Regard (I say) of these four, their great Benefits, by this petty-navy-royal, received: And in regard of the 
* Aduerte, quòd sunt tantum 4 Reges, qui ●nguntur: Hierosolymitanus, Francorum, Anglorum & Siculorun. Bart. Cassaneus, F●l. 1●7. De Gloria, M. Ast. Francorum Rex Regis Angli● est Tributariu●● Anglia etiam Rex, Francia, Legitimo denominatur & insignitur Titul●.  fifth inestimable Benefit, and Richeses, yearly received, of the Fish ● taken within our appropriate Sea Limits. And Sixthly, in respect of the Honour, Reverence, Privilege, and * pre-eminence, which (By Law) is Due unto her Royal Majesty, enjoying the Lawful Possession of the British Sea Royalty (Though, for a few years, last passed, it hath been by Pirates, and other, somewhat abused:) And 
* Aduerte, quèd sunt tantum 4 Reges, qui Enguntur: Hierosolymitanus, Francorum, Anglorum & Siculorun. Bart● Cassaneus, F●l. 1●7. De Gloria, M. Ast. Franeorum Re● Regis Anglia est re●butarius Anglea et●am Rex, Francia, Legitime denominatur & insignitur Titul●.  Seventhly, In respect of God's part, and their Foreign Tithe, Duly and thankfully paying, of our peculiar Commodities, by them received: And that, the rather: Because her Majesty doth give the same, For the preservation of So many, of sundry Nations, from the Ravyn of the Pirate, and maintenance of Godly Peace, and good Order, in her Royal Sea Circuits. And 
* Aduerte, quèd sunt tantum 4 Reges, qui Enguntur: Hierosolymitanus, Francorum, Anglorum & Siculorun. Bart● Cassaneus, F●l. 1●7. De Gloria, M. Ast. Franeorum Re● Regis Anglia est re●butarius Anglea et●am Rex, Francia, Legitime denominatur & insignitur Titul●.  Eighthly, in Token of their Friendly, Honest, and Just meaning toward us: And in token of their sincere and unfeigned making great Account of our sound Amity, and good Peace with them to be continued: In respect, of all the Premises, 
A Covenant very Just, Friendly, and Commodious, for both Parts.  The foresaid TENTH of Foreign Fishing (as before) demanded, and agreed upon, FOR EVER: may seem, both, on our behalf, and also, on the behalf of all the honest and well advised Foreigners (whom it doth, or shall concern,) to be very reasonably, justly, and friendly demanded, decreed, and accorded upon, FOR EVER: That is to say, so long time, as the said petty-navy-royal, shall enjoy, the ROYAL SOVEREIGNTY of the BRITISH SEAS: according to this first Plate, or, some better Institution, thereof.  

Note.  It is also to be known and Noted, for our Comfort herein, toward the Charges of the said petty-navy-royal: That the Tenth, yearly, of all Foreign Fishings, 
Good Cumfort of great Importance.  within the Sea Limits, to her majesties Royalty appropriate, is above an Hundred Thousand pounds, de Claro.  
Gwicciardine, in his Description of the Low Country, giveth good Evidence of one portion thereof. As, of our Herring Fishing alone: (what say I, Ours? Nay, the Flemish Herring Fishings, in our English or British Sea-Coasts.) For, he recordeth, that the Low countries, make yearly 490 Thousand pounds sterling, of those Herring, Salted and Barelled: Rebating the Charge of the Salt. By this, you may have a gros guess, of farther Reckoning.  
But, how soundeth this Latin Record, in a true & discrete British Subjects ears: either, in respect of the los sustained, in Revenue: or, in Respect of some Disgrace, redounding to them, that can Redress the same: if, it be amiss? Est etiam eodem 

Sub Principio Autunni.  
Olaus Magnus Lib. 20. Cap. 28.   tempore, Copiosissima Halecis Piscatura, in Littoribus Angliae & Scotiae: quae, per Piscatores Flandriae instituitur: á quibus posteà, sortitur Nomen: ut, Romam ille Piscis delatus, Halec Flandrorum appel●●tur. The same Sea, is called MARE 
Albertus Krantzius lib 4. cap: 20 Danicae Hist. & lib. 1. cap 39 Norm. Hist. etc.  BRYTANICUM: And the Sea-Coasts, be called of all Nations likewise LITTORA BRYTANIAE, Littora Angliae: And yet, the Herring, therein taken, are called HALEC FLANDRORUM: Nay, we ourselves, call them, Flemysh Herring: Yea, we ourselves, being beaten from our own Fishings, and Fishing places, are glad to buy our own Commodity, of Strangers: Against all Reason, Conscience, Law, and good Civil Policy.  
It were a shame, to allege, that they are worthy to enjoy our Fishings, as Lords thereof: because, they can skill to handle and order the Herring, better, than Englishmen. We must take heed of that Reason, betimes: For, so, they can do our Wool, and undressed Cloth: the more wicked or unskilful, are our workmen at home, the while: And the les of our wool, and undressed Cloth, would have been put into their hands, to try such Mistress therewith: etc. But, to our present purpose returning.  
Then, By God's grace, we may (comfortably) thus Answer to this first Doubt, 
The Answer to the First Dowbt.  In the name of the whole Body Political. Seeing, Our Revenues, now, and wealth, are greater, than was our forefathers: And Seeing, we are sufficiently persuaded of the manifold Public Benefits, such, as never happened to our forefathers (for all their Incredible foresaid great Charges) And which, by all human conjecture, are like to ensue: not only to ourselves, but also to our Wives, Children, Kindred, Friends: And so, to this whole British Kingdom, universally: both now, and ever, after our days: We will (say we) be found, through God's help, 
☜  so well advised, so discrete, so liberal herein, and bountiful, as, above all things, this hoped-for Public Peace, and General Security, chief requireth, that we should be:  
And the Hundred Thousand pounds, all manner of ways, to these uses, collected, will amount to be so many, as we thoroughly are persuaded: (These last discourses, well considered: and two more, which we, of ourselves, with great reason and probability, will annex hereunto) That, contrary to the first doubt, we confidently, now, may trust, that, not only, for this petty-navy-royal, a sufficient mass of treasure, will easily and speedily be contributed: But, great 
The politic bestowing of Some of the Overplus, of the Petty Navies treasure.  Overplus also, will thereof grow (ere long.)  
And then, it is intended, That 1. a part thereof, shall be employed toward the Relief of such poor Men, as either by Sickness, maim, or unweldynes of age, are to be dismissed from the said Navy: and other, to be taken in, in their rooms. 2. Part, toward the finding of the poor Widows, and Orphans of such Men, as in good service, in the said Navy, have manfully spent their lives: 3. part, toward a sufficient Stipend, for 4 Pety-Pylots-Publik, 
Four Pety-Pilots-Publik.  in 4 sundry, and apt Ports of this Island, to be resident, and ready to serve, Mathematically and Mechanically, with Quadrants, Rings, charts, Sea Compasses, Sandglasses, and such other furniture, as to the charge and Service of Pylotage, and Mastership in the foresaid Navy, may be found needful: each one appointed to xx Ships: (or a Quarter of the whole petty-navy-royal, how great so ever it do grow hereafter:) To those Ships, I mean, that are to the Coasts, next him, assigned. And those 4 Pilots, First, to be chosen out of them, that have, already, become expert at Sea: And then, 
The Grand-Pilot-Generall, of England.  by the Grand-Pylot-generall of England (for the time, being) to be informed farther, as appertaineth: And that, every year, once, by their appointed repair, made unto him, at place certain. Other 4. part, for Preparation of Store, of things necessary to the said Navy: And each thing, excellent good, and perfect in his kind. another 5. part thereof, to be bestowed toward necessary Havens, Harbours, Ports, Blockhouses etc. maintaining: or, in most needful places, new making. And 6. part, in building every year, some excellent Ships of war, for the foresaid petty-navy-royal. Some, toward New 7. Foreign Discoveries making: 
foreign Discoveries.  for God's glory, the Wealth-Publik and the Honourable Renown of this islandish empire. Whereupon, also, dependeth the First of our two discourses, before spoken of. For, so may part of the treasury of the petty-navy-royal, be employed, toward New Discoveries making, that, of all such Discoveries, the half Charges may be Contributed out of the treasury of the foresaid petty-navy-royal: And so, likewise, the half clear * Gain thereof coming, to be to the said treasury due, and answered accordingly: by like, and like number of Officers, as are for the rest of the Society of such Discoveries.  
Greater public Equity, is in such a manner of New Societies making: and with better order, 
☞  and more aid, may greater things be attempted, than hitherto have been: with the Timorous minds of a Few: and therefore, with their to to strait Allowances, at their first Onset giving. Wherupo● (oftentimes) not only their first Charges have been lost: But also, the Attempts discreditted: as of things, either unlucky, unlikely, or untrue: where, none of all these points, hath been the occasion of such ill Success.  
By this means, all Merchants, and other, that a●e Partners of Privileged voyages, shall be, not only unhindered, of their hoped-for Gain: 
Note.  but, rather, greatly furdred, to bring that to pas, by Public Aid, and to the Benefit public, and Private also: which, before, with much ado, could scarce be mastered: to make them (a few partners of such Societies) to become, Privately, Wealthy thereby.  
hereupon also, the Queen's majesties Customs, both outward and homeward, will greatly be increased: And all the Commons, and Body of the Realm, will grow in greater love, with the merchants doings: and better like of the Princes establishing of such Privileged Societies: When, the wary and careful Diligence of the Merchant, and the gracious Privilege of the Prince, shall (PROPORTIONALLY) be beneficial to ONE, A FEW, and ALL. (Which is the chief Mark, that One, a Few, and All, should shoot at.) For, so, shall such doings, be as much available to the Commonwealth, then, as, now they are to the Private Lucre of a Few: And that, with Public Damage. Seeing, the self same things, which they Bring in, or Deal with, now, be Dearer bought than they were, before any such New Trade or Society, therein Privileged.  
¶ And in like sort, is to be said, in this our Second Discourse, of all other ⁸ Homish Discoveries, 
Homish Discoveries.  to be made within the Queen's majesties Dominions, of her British empire. For, most certain it is, that there is Naturally 
* ☞  covered in the Earth, and unknown, in these Dominions, so great Richeses of Lead, Tyn, Copper, Silver, Gold, and divers kinds of other very commodious and profitable Mineral Matters, as might incredibly increase both the treasure Royal, and also of all the Partners Public and Private: who, should Proportionally, be at all Charges, about such Mineral Discoveries, to be thoroughly and Masterly executed.  
And by the way: How think you? Doth it not sting the Natural born Subjects, that Strangers shall be grafted into their places: and their Public and private part of Benefit, to be, thereby Cut of? The Stranger's Science, and Cunning, might be recompensed, and their Charges allowed: But, so unnaturally to deal with the True and Natural Body politic, it is not Necessary: I will say no farther. And, if Strangers, would not so deal, other, would: and will be found.  
This thing, being once, by due Public order and Authority, established: 
Note.  How many an Hour, and Mine, (very rich,) would be disclosed and pointed to: Where, they are: and Mineral Examples, of great Cumfort, showed by divers Private Men? (gentlemen and other) who, now, will never open their Mouths, to disclose the same: Because, in their own Grounds, where their Propriety (by God's law, and the Law of Nature) should be, to them, most beneficial of all other Men: now, (as the manner, yet, is) their part, would be lest, of all other.  
But, when, with better Allowance to the Prince, 
Note.  and the Proprietary Owner of the Soil also, (where any Gain may rise by Myning) and with some great Public Commodity (as to the treasury of the petty-navy-royal,) these Mineral and metal works, shall be followed, 
Then  Then, Private Men, will not grudge, though 40, or an hundred other Private Partners, have great Gain of their peculiar ground. And thereupon (Say we) the Commodity, all manner of ways, 
☜  will arise greater, than ever it will do, otherwise, by such Societies, as they now are.  
And upon this Consideration, that, of their Perpetual Benevolence, for Sea Security, Some portion thereof, shall be employed to such Public uses, as both the whole Body of the Realm, may undoubtedly have some sensible and certain proof, 
The Industrious Increasing of the PUBLIC treasury, is A Principal Cumfort to the Commons.  that their Public treasury of the petty-navy-royal, doth, as proportionally increase, as any, or a few Private men's Coffers else, before, were, or (by good order) might have been, by such Societies, well amended: upon this Consideration (Say we) How gladly, and how readily, 
☜  will every Man be Contributer thereunto, after the most easy Rate, and proportion prescribed? And making this Reckoning among themselves, (over and beside all the former marvelous great Benefits Public, rehearsed:) Thus, will they, then, say: 
* The Frank Speech of the wiser sort of the Communality.  Yea Marry: This, is Commonwealth like, in deed: When, our Common treasury, is as carefully, and discreetly augmented, by the wisdom and Authority of the Higher Magistrates, and the witty and Circumspect travails of our Partners, (Merchants, and other, whosoever) As, before, by such Privileges, All, was intended and procured for the Benefit only of a few. And chief, Seeing, before, the gainful wares and things, whereof they were Partners, were, by their unhabilities (not insatiable Covetousness) that dealt with those Attempts: or by the manner, as they dealt with them, become very dear: and dearer, than before such their Societies established. Reason perfect none can be yielded, why it should so be: But, this Single soul Allegation, is often repeated: The great Charges, which hitherto have been laid on their Shoulders, in that peculiar Trade of their Society. etc. And therefore, assoon as they are in possession of any thing, to raise Money on: they think it politikly done, to make presently their Reckoning of their whole Charges hitherto sustained: And so, by and by, to begin to raise the prices of their things, higher, than they found them, before their new Societies erected: to hasten, thereby, their discharge, 
☞  or Recompense of Damages (say they) as yet sustained. And so, by that means, the poor Commons, buying the same wares dearer, than before: become (silly Souls) Contributers to these few men's private wealth amending: But, to the decaying and weakening of the wealth and ability of the Commons.  
And therefore, by the prescript of human Reason, it is a more perfect Political Ordnance, so, before hand to ease all such disordered Charges, that, both, Rich 
* 1. The Intent of these two Discourses in the Commons behalf annexed.  1. Foreign New Trades, and great treasure, may substantially and thoroughly be brought in, and purchased to this Kingdom: publicly, as well, as privately: And also, that God's great Bountifulness, 
* 2.  2. Covertly bestowed upon this Incomparable islandish Monarchy, may, by Public Aid also, be so brought to light, handling, and use, as the whole Commons, hereby, may in their Pety-navy-threasor, become wealthier: And prices of such things as (either one way, 
☞  or the other) are gotten: may be either kept low, or brought low: That, the greatest part of this Kingdom, (which are the poorer sort) may, both, laud and bless God, for the wisdom, Charity, and justice, of their Governors (Whereupon also, they will both better love them: And for very love, be more afraid, to displease them.) And also, universally, all the Realm over, the true and faithful Blessing and prayer of all honest Subjects, may be concurrent with, and assistant to, all such honourable and Public Attempts, either 1. Foreign or 2. Homish: 
Consider before for the Byhelps to increase the treasure public, Ten General Extraordinary mean●: besides the first Ordinary Benevolence:  for the better success thereof obtaining, by God's mercy: wherewith, these our two brief Discourses, in this place, shall be finished.  
These Ten General, and Extraordinary means, of increasing the treasury of the petty-navy-royal, in this place, may be thought sufficient, for the probable Dissolving of the first Doubt.  

Answer to the Second Doubt, or Objection.  And, as for the second Objection, it is more easy and certain, to put that point, out of all Doubt. I mean, as Concerning Scarcity, and Dearth, of Victuals, suspected or doubted, by the continual vittailing of this Navy. Marry, herein, some forecast must be used: as, sundry other, in other points, are. (But not 
* This brief Advertisement doth express but some of the principal points, most behoveful for the Commonwealth at this tyme.  here to be rehearsed.)  
For, as the Men, to Furnish the foresaid Navy with, are to be chosen, (and that, with divers Considerations) out of all Shires, and Coasts of this Realm of England: So, likewise, the victuals, are, so, to be provided for, that the whole Realm, may yield the same: every part, according to the fertility of the Soil: And according to the Store to be reserved, for their Service, actual or possible, 
☜  otherwise. And that is very needful: if, against foreign Enemy, we should need a Main Army (one, or more,) by land, any way, toward Coast or Border: or, for the Grand-navy-royall vittailing, in time of need.  
And, seeing the Victuals, shall be so indifferently, or proportionally prepared, all the Realm over (as before,) How can any one party, in this Public, and commonwealths Case, find himself straightly, unduly, or unjustly, dealt withal?  
And, as the Victuals, and Men, should rise, 
Note this Point.  (after a sort) jointly and proportionally, within the places correspondent: Store always to be reserved: as I said: (And such, about the River of Thames chief, and within certain miles thereof, And in other Quarters: as, both for the City of London, continually: And the Grand-navy-royall, 
The Twenty Ports for the petty-navy-royal.  in time of need, may be [as it hath been] serviceable:) So, should the Ships, receive those Men and victuals in, at Twenty sundry Places, or Ports, in England.  
Now, seeing then, this victual, thus orderly and indifferently prepared, out of all Places, is to be bestowed on 
* 1.  Christen-men: yea, and them, our own 
* 2.  Cuntrymen: And not, on FORREYNER, SCOT, FRENCH, FLEMISH, DANE, or SPANIARD, etc. And some of them, either Sons, 
* 3.  or Brothers, or Fathers, or Cousins, or Kinsmen, or Singular Friends: Yea, some, esquires, some Knights, some Barons: And some of them, Landlords, to sundry of us at home, here remaining: 
* 4.  Fourthly, Seeing, this Victual is to be bestowed on them, who do, and will adventure their lives, in all Casualties and dangers of the Sea: And against all violence of Pirate, or any open warryor: And that, not, for any their own Private Quarrel: But for the Public Safety, and Security, of all England and Ireland. Not, for thine, and mine, alone: But, for the Safeguard and prosperous Estate, of Millions of Men, Women, and Children, within this Monarchy, on Land: (and by this means,) at their ease, quiet, and pleasure, remaining. Considering then, well and earnestly, all those 4 general Respects: What true and Sound member, is there, of this Common wealth: and faithful desirer of the blessed Peaceable Security, of England and Ireland, under our sovereign Empress, our most Gracious Elizabeth: who, will not (in a manner) be willing, the Charges to be borne (part and part like) the whole Realm throughout? wherewith, to bestow meat and drink, on them, continually: that refuse no one day, or a moment (if occasion be offered) to adventure their heart blood, life, and Limbs, for us: And on Seaboord, continually, to endure hard diet and lodging: for Commodities innumerable, of both these whole Kingdoms?  

☞  But, it is not so meant: as, to have any farther Contribution of purse, then is before spoken of. But, what is he, (Yea, what is he, I say again?) is he, a sound member of the Commonwealth: a faithful Subject to our good Queen Elizabeth: or, a Charitable Christian, that either would (in this commonwealths service, or at any time else) 
* Solomon Proverb. 11. Qui abscondit Frumenta, maledicetur in populis: Benedictio autem super Caput Vendentium.  hide Corn, or other victual, from Public Aid, and Reliefs: Or else, would not be content, to receive the due value, and reasonable Price thereof, very gladly? But, most miserably, wretchedly, covetuously, yea unchristianly, (I will not say, Traitorously) would desire (now chief) to enhance the price of Corn, and victuals, to the great pinching of the poor at home: And perchance, for a Traitorous means, to hinder the vittayling of the foresaid petty-navy-royal: or, to make it odious, or doubtfully thought of, to some: as though, it were a just occasion, of prices of Corn and victuals starting up: 
☞  more now, then before? O, vain, blind, Covetous Miser (who so ever he be, that is so minded.) Thou, and thy like, and that of late days, when no Army, or Navy, hath been to be vittayled, haste, on the sudden, and in the time of great Store, all the Realm over, (even then) God knoweth, upon what wicked Intent, or misconstruing, or light Credit giving to Conjecture, found in some new Three halfpenny Prognostication: haste, most unreasonably enhanced the Prices of Corn, Butter and Cheese: And at other times, of Beofs, and Muttons, etc.  
I Pray thee, be Reasonable: and think truly: and make Reckoning with me, Christianlike; and like a good Member of this Commonwealth: And, as a true Subject, to our sovereign.  
What, may be the 
The true Cause of Dearth.  true cause, of Dearth (whensoever it pleaseth God, to use that his scourge?) Any other thing, but Want of Corn, or victuals? That Want, if God sand it, is either by the Ordinary Causes Natural, taking effect, according to the Predestined Plate of this whole wordls economy, and continuance: Or, it is, by Extraordinary Means, of Gods sending: And that, diversly, and in divers times, and States of the Corn, or Cat-tail etc. These, be true Dearths, upon great wants of Corn, or Cat-tail to be had: Or, at the lest, to be had so good, as is behoveful for Man's bodily Sustenance? All other Dearths, that come not of Want, by Divine means: are either by 1. Fraudulent Want: As, through Corn, and victuals stolen, and Privily conveyed to our Enemies, or Fickle friends: for Private gain only: to the hindrance of the Wealth-publik: Or, by falsely .2 Pretended Want: As the Unchristianlike Practice, of such Caterpillars, and Ravening Wolves: (Devouring Come and cattle) would make the Commons believe. And, when, Abundance and Sufficiency is, to make and wrest a Dearth: by selling Three Quarters of Wheat, of the very value (then) of four: And Three Oxen, of the very value of four: and so, of Sheep etc. What a Devouring, and Ravening, is this? Of every ●owr, to Devour and consume one: and the same, never more to be hard of, in this Commonwealth? And this, only, for his most Private gains sake, to be Bagged, or Chested up, for his Idol, to behold or Delight in, As in his strength, and furniture: ready to maintain him, in other wicked purposes: And (as God knoweth) foolish Intents● Pere●ance, with some of that p●●● (so miserably and devilishly scraped together; or violently, in manner, wrested out of the poor Commons' hands, and mouths) to be at Charges, to enclose some part of the Commons, 
Commons Enclosing.  from a poor Village, or Township. With some, to buy his neighbour's House, or Farm, over his head: and so, to make him friends, of the Mammon of Iniquity. Nay, Nay, make himself, the Careful ●reend, and doting lover, of wicked Mammon: The Devil Infernal, and not of God, nor his Members: Nor the members of the Commonwealth: Yea, many at Thousand of such, as, each one of them, is more profitable and Comfortable to the Weal-Publik of England, than a Thousand such Mammon's darlings are. I mean the Maryner, the Soldier; the gentleman, esquire, and Knight, yea and Baron: now, Tost and Turmoiled at Seas: being the Public Watchmen, guard, and Champions, for the most Blessed State of Tranquillity public, in this Sacred Monarchy, preserving.  
And no less, is the Error and disorder used in this Kingdom, of Dard●narie Trade, and Monopoly: two grievous hindrances, to the Weale-Publik. jacobus Siman●as; Episcopus Pacensis, said very well, in his book De Republica: 
A ●. 1570. Against our English To To, many Dardana●ies.  dedicated to the King of Spayn: Ne oneret●● Annona, & ad●ò r●rum Vaenalium Prae●ià, iniqua sint: animaduertere oportet in DARDANARIOS, qui om●ia praeemunt, ut ea postea Carius vendant. Hi quidem perniciosiss●●m Rebu-publicis esse s●l●nt ●. Vtpo●e genus avarum, & iniusti Lucri Cupid stygian. And again. 
You may also in Ulpian (Lib. 47. ff. Tit. 11) Find Consideration against Dardinaries.   
Multis quoque l●gibus Regijs Occu●sum est Dardanarijs. Sed illa, omniumest op●i●●, & R●bus-publicis v●●lissima, quae vetat, Ne quisquam unquam frumen●●m emal, ut vendat. Ea enim esse●tum est, ut res frumentaria, justis prae●ijs vendatur, & vilitas Annonae Consecuta●it. Quamobrem, plurimùm Re●publicae interest, ut ea Lex Conseruetur: & qui secus fecerit, acerrimè coerceatur.  
And as for MONOPOLY: this, had the same Simancas Noted, out of Z●no his Constitutions.  
jubemus, ne quis cuiuscunque Vestis, vel Piscis, vel cuiuslibet alterius ad victum, 
Lib. 4. C: Tit. 59  vel all quemcunque usum pertinentis Speciei, Monopolium audeat exercere: neve quis, illicitis habitis Conuentionibus, Coni●rare, aut pacisci, ut Species diuers●ram Corporam negociationis, non minoris quàm inter se statuerint, vaenundentur. AEdis●ciorum quoque artifices, aliorumque di●ersorum Operum profess●res, penitus arceantur, pacta inter se Componere, ut ne quis, quod alte● Commissum sit, Opus, impleat: aut iniunctam alteri solicitudinem, altar intercipiut. Si quis autem MONOPOLIUM ausus fuerit exercere, bonis proprijs expoliatus, perpetuitate damnetur Exilij.  
Again, what Reason hath any Man to go about, by raising price of victuals,) to breed opinion in some simple heads, that this Navy, is occasion thereof: And so, to 'cause misliking of that, by one mean: which by his former Public Contribution, he pretendeth to be glad and desirous, that it should continually be well maintained? What double and hypocritical dealing were that? 
Proverbium. Altera man fert Lapidem Panem ostentat altera.  With one hand, to offer Bread: and in the other, to hold a Stone, ready to give a blow therewith, to the Receiver of that bread? All such sorts, of Fraudulently or Violently caused Dearths, as, they are very much against the Commonwealth, and Common Comfort, (to be received of God's merciful Plenty, or Sufficiency of Corn and victuals sent us:) So, will they now, (as the poor Commons are in good hope) either, for very Conscience sake: Or, for good zeals sake, to the due and Reasonable maintenance, of the foresaid petty-navy-royal, be utterly abhorred, eschewed, and very well left.  
1. And here, also, the poor Commons would (if they Dared) make Supplication, 
The Supplication of the Commons.  All, kneeling on Knees, Man, Woman, and Child: and jointly, with one most humble Voice, Request the Higher Powers, That No more victuals (Corn, or other,) might, under Licence, (or colour thereof,) be Transported to Foreigners: or otherwise, (in this Realm) by Privilege to be used: Than, as may be best, to the Publik-behoof of all them at home, and for the sufficient and more easy Maintenance, of those Valiant & worthy Public Watchmen, lying out at Seas.  
2. ¶ And, furthermore, that in time of Excellent Plenty, and good cheap: the Overplus of Corn, and other victuals, may be brought to the next Public Garners and Stoarhowses, 
The 20 Public Garnars, and Stoarhowses.  being at, or near unto, the foresaid Twenty Ports, to the petty-navy-royal, assigned. And there, with Public Money of the Petty Navy his treasure, to be paid for, presently:  
3. And from those 20 Garners, or Stoarhouses, only, to be, to places convenient 
This Transportation is not Contrary to the first Petition: Vide Infra Pag: 41.  Transportable: under the General 
* The Queen's majesties General Licence, For Transporting of Victuals by Humble Suit, to be obtained.  Licence, from her Majesty, before, granted unto the Body of the Petty Counsel, of chief Officers, to the petty-navy-royal appointed.  
4. ¶ And would, also, make humble Request, that the Incredible Abuses of Purveyors, and Takers of victuals, and other things, might be more narrowly seen to, and duly reformed.  
5. And Fifthly, the self-same British and English Commons, Man, Woman, and Child, with wring hands, most pitifully lamenting a Remediless Inconvenience, and heinous Absurdity, already, and to long, committed: would, most humbly and dutifully, make Petition, that Presently, such unpartial providence may be used: 
* Facta, Infecta fieri non possunt. Proinde, (Serò Saltem) Sapiant Phryges': Ast, non ninus Serò.  That, from henceforth, The Private Commodity of a few, shall not 'cause the Brains of many a thousand, of true and faithful English Subjects, to fly in the Air. Brains (say they) Arms, Legs, Limbs, and lives of the Commons, to be (as the Case may fall out, which, God forbidden,) sold after a sort: Though, not directly, and willingly: yet Indirectly & unwillingly (in respect of our Cuntry-mens' Intents therein:) Seeing the Chiefest Instruments, wherewith to work so woeful a Spoil and Calamity, are daily (almost) from this Kingdom conveyed: (Not, not, it goeth not so nicely to work: For, open Markets and Sales, are made of them, in great plenty,) to such Copemens' hands, as, No one of them, doth heartily, and will constantly, or can perpetually, wish our prosperous estate. Nay, such, as, for many years, (almost continually) some of them, have gone about, to overthrow, and confounded, this blessed British Monarchy: And some of them, such a Nation, whose Records, Chronicles, and Histories, both Ancient, and of late days, published, do term Englishmen, Their Ancient Enemies' And, in deed, in heart, do earnestly desire, and constantly 
But, what should we heap up VAE SUPRA VAE, in this Case: To declare also, the Heinous Abusing of this Commonwealth, by carrying OUR GUNPOWDER out of this Realm, in marvelous great Abundance? Whereof, (and of good saltpeter, likewise) all the store we could have provided, from beyond the Seas, would have been little enough, for most needful Martial Service, hereafter to be done therewith.  Hope, one day, to handle them so: What thousand crouching Salutations so ever, (with Monsieur, and, A Vostre Commandment, Monsieur:) and the like appurtenances, of glorious glozing, and deep dissimulation, their great Necessity (at any time) teacheth them to devise, and counterfeit. A true Lesson, this Old Proverb, will be found, in Such: That, which is bred in the Bone, will never out of the flesh.  
Good God, who knoweth not, what Proviso is made and kept, in other Commonweals, Against Armour carrying out of their Limits? 
* Though our Friends may Reasonably be thought worthy to be Holpen With Armour, against our Common Enemy: Yet under pretence of such Friendly Dealing, The Common Enemy is not to be Furnished herewith, as Plentifully, as, either his Case requireth, or his Purse is able to reach unto. Whereof the Right Honourable Privy Counsel have very Wisely given warning to the Contrary. And the like Consideration, is to be had, for victuals Transporting.  Such, and to such Places, chief, from which, (possibly) they may, thereby, receive great damage. And shall we, with the most terrible, forcible, and hurtful kind of Weapon, and engine, furnish both the Infidels, and the Barbarous Princes foreign, (though, far from us, yet to the destruction of Christians, notwithstanding.) And also, near at hand, such kind of people, as, (which way so ever, the matters in controversy, fall out, finally) will be found, an Incredible great Scourge, to this Kingdom, by unsuspected means: as the woeful Commons, make their pitiful Reckoning, already: or greatly do doubt: how rude, so ever, some of these people, of themselves, be: And how simple and slender so ever, their presently seen, and known Navy, is to be regarded.  
Therefore, if the British Communality, may obtain so much Grace at our sovereign, and her most Honourable Privy Counsels hands: As, to enjoy the Benefit of Sea-Security, by means of the foresaid petty-navy-royal: Then, such Cast-Peces of Iren Ordinances, we shall greatly need, for our own Ships furniture: And also, other Iren works, divers ways. fuel also, and Ship Timber (from time to time) we shall have occasion to use, more, than else, would be occupied. And then, the want of so many Hundred Pieces (of Iren we mean, and not, of Bras to) as have been, of late, from hens transported, will make very evident, the Double Damage, and Triple Danger, possibly, ensuing thereof, when, our Enemies, being with our store furnished, we must be constrained to provide the like, new: and so, be driven to tarry a great time. And also, to take the fortune of all faults, In Iren Pieces, happening. Whereas, otherwise, at leisure, the Principal good Pieces (in all Respects) heretofore, continually culled out: And, in * Rupe Tarpeia, of our New Troy, reserved, might (without any detriment to the Prince or Commons) have now served our turns very well: And so, the Poor Commons should not have, One, and the same Awl, twice thrust in their right Eyes. As, to see, and feel again, the Incredible Spoil of Woods, and Forests, as hath been made, to further Iren works withal: And yet, (Notwithstanding,) Iren to be now, dearer, than it was, when, from beyond the Seas, we were chief served thereof: And our Iren also (yet) worse, than the foreign Iren. And our Woods, and Forests, already, so destroyed thereby, that fuel, and Timber, of all sorts, (of necessity) in many places of this Realm, is become, on the sudden, extremely dear: and thereupon, 
* The Prices of victuals, enhanced, by indirect means.  prices of victuals, somewhat the higher raised.  
O, the Lamentable Spoil of our woods, sundry ways: both, contrary to Laws made, and also, for lack of sufficient Proviso, and due execution, as wisely and justly performed, as either Old Laws made, or new, devised, was, and may be, a sufficient Token of wisdom Speculative, in Lawmakers heads: 
Omnis La●s Virtutis, in Actione Consistit● Arist.  But the great retchlessness, in the Practice (which only, should be the great Profit to the Commonwealth, expected) doth make us seem great Hypocrites: in good Laws making: and keeping the Books, wherein, the Laws are recorded: but not observing the Laws, in our Actions Civil.  

A Needful Proviso, against Unable, Undecent, or Superfluous builders.  Peradventure, if (among sundry other Ordonances, for preservation of Wood and Timber, to be made) some Proviso were established, by Act of Parliament, that No man should build, or cause to be Built, but with these Three points, concurring: First, according to his ability, and not above: Secondly, according to his State, or Vocation, and not above: Thirdly, according as his Necessary Affairs, and allowable Commodities, 
The Commodities, of this Proviso.  shall require, and not Superfluously: Thereupon, fewer Bankrupts, and more Housekeepers, would be found: Les Ambition, and more Charity, would be used: And, Thirdly, better Cheap of more Store and Choice of Ship-Tymber, and other, would be reserved.  
The Penalties of the former Transgressor's, might be, after this, or, a better manner, Decreed. 
The Penalties of these three manner of Disorderly builders.  Of the First, the House and Houses, so built, to be sold, by Auction: And the Tenth part of the Whole Value, to be contributed, to the treasury of the petty-navy-royal. And the other Nine parts, to be paid to the Creditors: to every Man, proportionally: so fa●, as the same Auction-Mony will reach: And, if there be any Overplus remaining, the same, to be restored to the said Offender. Of the Second, the House and Houses, to be duly valued: And the Fifth part, of the Whole Value, to be immediately Payable: the one half thereof, to the Queen's Majesty her Exchequer: and the other half thereof, to the treasury of the petty-navy-royal. Of the Third, the valuation of the Superfluous Houses, or other Buildings, (being duly estimated and rated:) the twentieth part thereof, to be forfeited to her highness treasury, only.  
Out of which Three manner of Forfeits, and Amercements, the Fifth part of the Forfeit, is to be awarded due to him, or them, who truly do give Advertisement of the said Disorder: and sufficiently doth prou● the same, so to be, as his Advertisement specifieth.  
Now then, how can it stand with the Terms of good Policy, All these great Incommodities Public, depending upon our greatly disordered Iren Mynes: And yet, notwithstanding, such Warlike provision, as, 
☜  so dearly to the Commons, is wrought and made thereof: For a few men's private commodity (we know not whom) to be carried away, far and near: to our great disfurnishing: And to the furniture and Strengthening of Moor or Moschovite: or other Foreign Prince: French or Fleming: our Secret Mortal Foes, or vnassured Friends? In effect: The Sorrowful Commons, most heartily wishing the petty-navy-royal, to be duly maintained: And most assured, that thereto, will be requisite, not only, Store of such Iren Cast Pieces, 
* ☜  But also, of Timber, fuel, and other Iren work: (The 
* The Occasion & due Reason; of this Petition.  prices of all which, being by the foresaid disorders, unreasonably enhanced) do greatly doubt, that either the foresaid things, will, (by farther disorder,) become dearer, than they now are: Or else, the Extremity of the prices, being, then, made more sensible: the simple Multitude, or some other wrangling head, 
☜  will Impute all, to this new devised Policy, of the petty-navy-royal maintaining. And therefore, in this place of Consideration of prices and Dearth, they would have had such a Petition (as before) most humbly moved, to the higher States. But no one man dare, (I know no just cause why) utter, in 
* The Vnfayn●●● Zeal of the Public Commodity; Will Animate the Faithful Subject to ma●e humble Petition for Red●e● of great Enormities, as yet.  Dutiful order, the Tenor of the Premises, to the higher powers. Though, (disorderly) many Thousands do murmur at the matter, in marvelous manner: when, daily, they find so many Camps (as it were) of Iren Pieces, ready laid to the Foreign Market: and for Foreign navies, or Forts furnishing. Delivering (thereby) a Rod, of our own making, into the hands of them, who could find in their hearts, to scourge us with wire whips, as God best knoweth: And to bring us, into farther Inconveniences, then, either Dearth of Timber, fuel, Iren, or victuals, are to be esteemed. But, unto God his most Merciful and Mighty hands, we commit our principal Protection, now and ever.  
And surely, if there be any British, or English 
* If Peerless Pericles be dead, poor Pletho (as a Passager in the Ship of the Commonwealth) By leave, doth utter his Faithful Care, to the Helm-man, Infra, Pag. 69.  Pericles, now living, who conveniently may, and will, both Zealously take to heart, and also Circumspectly, and deeply look into these, and like Matters: (Nothing fawning upon Foreigners, Nor to much listening or leaning to their advices, or devices, best for themselves, and their Purposes: and not for us, and Ours: Nor fearing Foreign, or Homish hurt, therefore: Meaning none, himself) He would not make Strange, though the weaker and Imperfecter sort of People (Which are so nooselled and embroyed up to the elbows, Yea, to their heart roots, with the Insatiable love, of To to Private Lucre, that, therefore, they care, To to little, for the Public and Commonweal,) He would not (I say) be Aghast, though such would Divilishly Malign him, and subtilely seek his Discredit, and Confusion: as (in deed) the Atheniensiens, and other, did, to good Pericles, and other, his like. Yet, for all that, such A Pericles, would go forward, so long, as he might prevail: observing the wise Precepts, of Perfect politic Government. And to such, as found themselves grieved, by any their Private pain, Hur●, Los, or charged, sustained, by means of his Direction or Cownsaill, for Dutiful, and Needful Service, to be done, to and for the Commonwealth, ei●he● Militando, 
☞  or, Contribuend●, or otherwise, he would say thus: (For, so, said the True Pericles:) 
Thucid. Lib: 2.  Non est mihi inexpectata Indignatio Vestra: Intellexi enim me 〈◊〉 e●●que ob caus●●, Vos convocavi: ut vos admoneam, & reprehendam●●●● vet mi●● Succenseti, vel Rebus Aduersis succumbisis. Eg● enim judico, Flo●in●● Patria, ●●ebus esse Privatis: quám Florentibus● Pri●atis, 〈…〉 Repub: Nam, 〈◊〉 Privatus tenet Opens, tamen Euersa Patria, simul haec omnia peremptor Bed●in Florente Patria, etiam Pauper Civis, saluus esse potest. Quando igitur, Civitas, Privatorum Civium Difficultates sustinere Potest: Nemo autem Privatus unus, Rempub. Laborantem Sustentare potest: justum est, V●●●ersos E I, opem ferro: Et non (quod vos nunc facitis) Perterritos Privatis jacturis, deserere REMPUBLICAM.  
And in the same Oration.  Omnibus autem Imperantibus accidit, ut In praesentia, in odio sint. Praeclare autem facit, qui invidiam propter Res Honestas & magnas perfert. Odia autem, non sunt perpetua: Sed praesentem Splendorem, sequi●ur aeterna Gloria. 
And again: Vos existimatis, tantùm Socijs, vos Imperare. Ego autem affirmo, cùm duae parts Bellantibus usui sint, TERRA, & MARE: Vos, p●orsus Maris Dominos esse: 
Of What Importance it is, To be Lords of the Seas.  & eius partis Cui nunc Imperatis, & Reliqui Maris: SIHAC CLASS, quam habetis, PROCEDERE VOLVERITIS. Nec ullus Regum, nec ulla Gens, impedire vos in Mari potest.  
In the ATHENIENSIEN STATE, then, if that were True, Much more, may the BRITISH empire Verify that word, absolutely, NOW.  
O ALBION, O BRYTAN, O ENGLAND, and (I say) O BRYTAN, again: What is to be hoped, of the Races of those thy true Noble Courages: fraught with wisdom and valiantness: whose worthy Fame (most certainly) is registered all the world over? God forbidden, that it should truly be said: that Only now, in our days, None can, None may, None dare: or None will, Carefully, and Faithfully undertake to do so due service to God, so Beneficial to this empire, so victorious an exploit for his own Immortal Renown establishing, as, to Merit some part of a preface to the Memorial of his Triumphant Style, such, as the Roman Pompeius Magnus, did justly deserve, in the Roman empire. Which, with these words, by 
Plin. Lib. 7. Cap. 26.  Pliny is diligently recorded: and for ever (thereby) and Gratefully remembered: CUM ORAM MARITIMAM PRAEDONIBUS LIBERASSET: ET IMPERIUM MARIS, POPULO ROMANO RESTITVISSET: Ex Asia, Ponto, Armenia, Paphlagonia, Cappadocia, Cilicia, Syria, Scythis, judaeis, Albanis, Iberia, Insula Creta, Basternis: Et super haec, de Regibus Mithridate Atque Tigrane, TRIUMPHAVIT.  
O, Note. What was the Actual preface, and politic preparative to all these Triumphs? Was it any other, than, IMPERIUM MARIS, POPULO ROMANO RESTITUTUM?  
God grant us (therefore) the verity and fru●e, of this Sea Sovereignty, every way: And that, with all Opportunity.  
To Conclude then, (In this point Answering:) And to end my Conference, with that kind of People, which either delight in Dearth of Gods sending: or use (nay abuse) Dearth Fraudulently procured by other: Or, will themselves Violently force in, And Counterfeit a Dearth: 
Note the Reasons, wherefore the Vittayling of the petty-navy-royal can 'Cause no Dearth of Victuals.  And all, for Private Lucre only: (which is a poison to the Body-Politik of this Kingdom) To those, I confidently affirm: And, Evident and sure it is, that the Maintenance of the petty-navy-royal, can 'cause no one Grain, or any one pound of Beof, Butter, or Cheese: Or any quantity of any other victual, to be wanting in this Kingdom: Not more, than if no such Navy, were to be vittayled.  
And the Reason is: No more Men, are now fed at Sea, thereby, than (if no such Navy were) should and would be fed at Land. And the little diversity, and Changing of the place, of the eating of it (As from Land, to Sea) is not the Cause of any great want. And therefore, (by Reason, afore declared,) not Just cause of any Dearth, thereby growing.  
Secondly, the victuals are so Proportionally, and discreetly from all Quarters and Parts of this Kingdom provided: and so orderly served in, as no one Corner thereof, is, thereby molested, or left destitute of Corn or victual: otherwise, than by their own judgements, may very well, in that place (to so good use) be forborn.  
Thirdly, True and speedy Public Payment also, will help to pleasure many Farmers, and other: and be a means, of better cheap buying, commonly. But, old Custom, ill used, of Debentur Bylls', their overlong delayed discharge, shall (here) utterly be abolished.  
Fourthly, the Plenty of 〈…〉 (by Princely 
* As, by Licence granted to the Pety-Counsayle, of the petty-navy-royal.  Privilege) duly provided, and discreetly saved, and ordered, in our Twen●y Public Storehouses and Garners, of the petty-navy-royal, may in time of True Dearth 〈◊〉 not only be a marvellous da●e to this Realm, for the 〈◊〉 Charge of maintaining so many Thousand English or British Subjects as appertain to the petty-navy-royal: But also (by very good reason) may be deemed, 〈◊〉 and politikly made read●: to be serviceable, for the relief, of many an Hundred of the poor Common● at home: And that, for prices, tolerable. I mean, the said Storehouses, to be peculiarly serviceable every one of them, to such places 〈◊〉, as do ●ye most commodiously, or next unto them, to rece●ue the 〈◊〉. From some of which places, before (Ordinarily, and in the time of Plenty) part of the Public Provision, was gathered into the said Garn●●, or Storehouses. Which manner of pleasuring the Commons, is very Charitable justice.  
Fifthly, by the Continual Sea-Circuits, of this P●●y-Nauy-Royall, (duly used) we shall, 1. Either, at Sea, be a Terror or Bar, to such, as else (abominably) would convey out of this Kingdom, the Public Relie● of divers sorts of victuals. So that, they will not (hensforward) lightly attempt that their wicked desire: And thereby, the Commons may the longer time (within the Realm) enjoy the fruit of Public Plenty, lately be●ore flourishing: 2. Or, if any (notwithstanding the vigilant Guard and Circumspection of our petty-navy-royal, in every Coast of this Realm) will ●e so devilishly adventurous, as most detestably to disfurnish this Land of the victuals: even then, most needful (and always by God Nature, and human Industry, appropriate, to this Kingdom) Undoubtedly, we shall very easily intercept, and at Sea, season upon the conveyed Corn, Butter, Cheese, Bacon, barrels or Hogsheads of Beof in Powder, etc. of such wilful Offenders: being, (by Man's Law, and all good Conscience,) forfeited and lost, from the late lewd Owners thereof. And then, the said Provision, so forfeited, may at the pleasure and order of the Queen her most excellent Majesty, and her honourable Privy Counsel, be distributed by reasonable sale, into that part, or parts of this Realm, which is known (at that instant) to be most destitute. And where, also, the Public Garners, and appropriated Storehouses of the petty-navy-royal, can not conveniently (or, of all the Twenty, the least conveniently) any longer, supply the want, of their peculyarly assigned Territories.  
Moreover, this forfeited Provision, by some of the smaller Barks, of the Pety-navy, may very speedily, and with small extraordinary Charges, be carried, & landed, either in the very place, where (then) the Dearth pincheth the Commons, most: or, in any o●her place: from whence, very commodiously, by farther Landish or Inlandish Carriage of it, (from the Sea side, Or, from any Haven or creak,) it may be brought: (yea, if need be), into the very heart, and middle of this Alli●n.  
And here, it is to be Considered, also: that the Money, arising of the foresaid Charitable Sale, of the forfeit, will, the one half thereof, become due to the treasury of our Sovereign: And the other half, to the 
The treasury of the Commonwealth.  Coffers of the petty-navy-royal: which is (in effect) the treasury of the Commons, and Commonwealth. And thus, the Private disorder of some one, or a few naughty persons, is so prudently corrected, that, (besides the deserved Penalty, laid upon the Offenders Backs: and the Public Terror, thereby procured to the like minded Misers,) both the Victuals themselves, do relieve and pleasure many Hundreds of honest and faithful Subjects: And the Money thereof, also, is no less profitable to the increasing of the Threasories, aswell of our most Gracious Queen, as also, of the petty-navy-royal.  
And, Seeing that the accustomed Goodness, (yea the most merciful and Bountiful aeternal providence) of our heavenly Father, is such, appropriated unto this isle of Albion, that, by the 
* The Fertility of this ALBION.  Fertility of the Soil, and due Industry of Man, employed thereto, it is very plentifully and wholesomely able (one year, with an other, and most commonly) to victual 
* Note this Hypothesis.  Two times so many more, as the Natural Subjects of this Land are, in multitude, of Men, Women and Children, (So that, the same, might, by very good Order, be reserved within this Kingdom.) Who is there then, of any sound reason, or experience, that can doubt, that the 
* An Argument In●oluble.  Necessary Vittayling of the petty-navy-royal, (The Men thereof, being but a little Parcel, of the whole Body-Politik, of this Kingdom,) can 'cause any undue Want, or Dearth of victuals?  
Seeing, also, by this Hypothesis, 
Note.  it followeth, that within every Three years, space (Ordinarily,) Store may be Laid up, for Six years: or, at the lest, for four: to maintain the whole Realm: yea, though, for two years together, neither Wheat, not Barley did grow at all, in the same: or, at the most, did yield (clear) but four grains, for one, sowed.  
And, where I speak, of Corn and Grayn reserving: I mean, no longer, Store to be made thereof, then (wholesomely) the same may 
* 
The Norimberg Secret, (or other) of Corn Reserving well, many years, is to be made a great account of.  
Vide Theop. ●anosium. in Epist. prafixa Libell● P. Rami de Religione Chris●iana.   serve. Wherein, also, is many a foul fault committed, in this Kingdom: either by the devilish Greedy guts, over long keeping back their Corn from the Common Market: or by other, to negligently using it, (in shorter time) reserved.  
But, when, Extraordinary plentiful years do come, then, may the Public treasury, feel the great Extraordinary Benefit thereof: (as, before is told, how:) And, also, the Ordinary Store, yearly be laid up, Notwithstanding.  
And, here, you may Note: 
Note.  that, very seldom, any Dearth, only of God his sending, doth continued above two, or 
* Except that Universal Dearth, in joseph his time, most Extraordinarily, continuing Seven Years together: as God had foreshowed, that it should: G●. 41.  three years, together, continually.  
Therefore, I Conclude, that we of this Kingdom, might (upon wise Order taken, and inviolably observed,) so enjoy continual Plenty: Or (at the lest,) Sufficiency of all manner of most needful victuals: (And of Corn and grain chief,) that, the price of Wheat, should not, in any Common Market, arise * above a Mark the Quarter: Rye, x.s. and Barley, viii. s. the Quarter. And, So, Proportionally, of Peason, and Beans. And Butter, 
* Note this, I pray you. For, it is One of the Chief and best means, to bring the prices of all things (either Natural, or, Artificial,) to that Temperament, which is mo●● Commodious, both, for the Buyer, and Seller: And For the Landlord, and Farmer, all the Realm over.  Not above ij. d. the pound: and Cheese, not above a penny the pound, etc. And here, I use this phrase, Not above: For, rather, the Prices will be les. And thereupon, you may easily Conclude, that all Labouring Men, Handicraft Men, and other, may afford their Labours, yea, and wares, better cheap. And so, a marvelous number of other Commodities, will thereof ensue: whereof, any man of experience, or good judgement, will soon perceive the Dependency, or Consequency.  
Unto which peculiar great Blessing of God, our enjoying, No certainer, readier, and easier means, can be devised, Than, by the Continual Circuits of our petty-navy-royal: Thereby, (besides many other Commodities, ensuing) either keeping in, and terrifying the wretched hearts of them, who, unduly would, (else,) proloyn Corn, and Victuals, out of this Realm: Or catching them by the back, assoon as they begin to Cros the Seas, to any foreign Nation. Of which point, this may suffice to advertise them, that are faithfully willing, to follow constantly the Redress, and Reformation of the manifold disorders, herein, continually committed, against the Weale-Publik of this British Monarchy.  

An An●●●r to 〈…〉 Wa●t, 〈…〉, is m●de.  And, where the Quantity of victuals, before hand, together, at once provided, Maketh a Show, of great Waste, either made, or in Danger to be made: (if Diligent Regard thereof, be not had:) Weak ●rayn hath that Man, that would think Waste to be made, for Laying up together, in a Fortnight's space, so much, as shall not be spent, in Fowrtene weeks. But, if there should so much be spent in a Fortnight, as would duly serve the Navy Fowrtene weeks: Then were there Waste, indeed: And so, some Want, fond procured, more, than else is needful. Or, if, under Pretence of Beof Powdering, for the petty-navy-royal, some Falls judas would steal or proloyn A Hogshead, Two, or Six, to sand over Seas, to Forreyner: And that, for Private Lucre: or for a Farther, and Worse Intent, etc. But, that, and such like soul Disorders, will be left now, (We Hope:) or, most Narrowly be seen to: As well in Beof, as Butter, Cheese, and Bacon, etc.  
And, as for Seeing to, or Saving of the victuals, that they be not lost: You need not Doubt. For, it standeth them more upon, than so. And, As for Excessive Feeding at Sea: Who knoweth not, their Diet to be but Reasonable, and Sufficient? With Hunger rather finishing their Meals, than with Unwieldy Carcases: Overcharged with Meat and Drink, As among us, at home, many a Thousand is?  
I omit also, to speak of the great Aid of Fresh victuals, which the Navy may have, sundry Ways, at Seas: by divers kind of good Fish, (our Men being sufficiently skilful, now, at length, to prevent or Cure the Skyrby.) As Pylchard, Whyting, Haddock, Plaice, Sole, Cunger, Herring, Burt, Thornback, Salmon, Bream, Gurnard, Mullet, Mackerel, etc. All, being (most commonly,) Better, than we have them at Land, brought to us. Which * good Fish, will also, be a Means, of their spending less Flesh, at Sea: And therefore, to Need the less, from Land.  
So that, If all things be Duly, and Deeply Weighed: besides a great number of other the Principal Benefits, Redounding to this Kingdom (by the foresaid petty-navy-royal:) it is rather thought, that the streict Diet, (in deed, a moderate, prescribed, and uniform Diet) of our Public friends at Sea, in the foresaid Navy employed, will be a means of very much victuals, and Flesh saving: and to help toward plenty finding, on Land. For (As English-mens' noted Vice, or Disorder is:) Of the self same Men, some, would at their Landish home, or in Alehouses, and Taverns, eat and drink, more, than Man's nature, behoofully needeth: Or else, some would be more fine, delicate, and costly in their Diet, than wisdom and discretion would Prescribe them etc. So that, No doubt, can here remain, that Dearth can have Root, or just occasion, to rise, or grow in this Kingdom, of this Temperate Diet, allowed to them at Sea: who, else, aught to have as much, or would have costlyer, and more, if they had continued on Land.  
And, while the Consideration of one great Aid, and Means, 
A little Digression, against some Misuse of the Fizzling of the Noble Rivers of Thames, and other, within this Realm.  for Flesh to become better Cheap, is in our hands: I think it very needful, to give you to understand, that by the wicked Wilfulness only, and evident fraud, of divers Subjects of this Realm, There is, yearly, destroyed, more than Five Hundred Cart-loads of good fresh Fish, within this our Isle of ALBION. And though, then, not Meat-able, for Man, when they are so destroyed: yet, within short time after, they would be. And likewise, though, not then, likely to amount, in the whole Quantity, yearly, to so many loads: Yet, at the time of their being Market-able (of the middle 
* This Phrase, of Myddle-Sort Markat-able, is to be understood, neither of them which hard and scant are to be judged Markat-able: Nor of the over grown Fish, and in the Superlative Growth (as a Man might term them,) But only of them, which, most commodiously are serviceable: in respect of Profit public.  sort) they would evidently appear, so, to be rated: or rather, far above. And neither, any more Charges, nor yet any greater travail of Man, is to be employed, for the same sorts of Fish having and enjoying: both, when they would be (as is said) Markat-able: And also, when the foresaid great abundance of victuals, by them, might be enjoyed: Than is, when, so abominably, they are destroyed, and utterly spoiled.  
And, that this brief, and very needful Advertisement, may be found the more manifestly true, and duly given: You may understand, That, in the River of Thames only (as my Instructor, by Worshipful gentlemen, and other Men of experience, heretofore hath tried out) most commonly, every year, by the Fishermen belonging to some one small Town (or within a little Circuit about it,) there is destroyed, above a Thousand bushels, of the young Fry, of divers kinds of good Fish: which, in due time of their growth, and by lawful order, being taken, would have been ●able, to satisfy Two Hundred Thousand Men, one day: Or, Twenty Thousand Men, ten days: or, Two Thousand Men, an Hundred days, or, four Thousand Men Fifty, days. etc.  
Which Account, dependeth upon the Rating of every kind of middle Markat-able Fish, 
Note these Hypotheses.  to be (one with an other) of Ten times so much meat, as, when, they are destroyed in such Small Fry, as we mean of: And also, that a Bushel of such Markat-able Fish, is able to satisfy 20 Englishmen, One day, for their sufficient Repast and Sustenance: (the Bread and drink, requisite thereto, being excepted.) What is, then, (I pray you) to be reckoned, of the Public Damage, of 500 Cart loads, of Fish, (yearly) thus destroyed? How may it (reasonably) any longer, remain unreformed? Which 500, Cartload, (according to the former Rate of middle Markat-able Fish,) do amount and rise, of only 2400 Bushels of Fry, yearly destroyed.  
But, if you suppose to be only 30 Trink-Boats: and that every one of the said 30 Trink-Boat Nets, every day, only for 300, days, in every whole year, destroy, but one Bushel of very small Fry: The Somme thereof, doth amount to Nine Thousand Bushels of Fry, so destroyed, yearly. Which Fry, when it should be middle Markat-able, would be, (one with an other) of Ten times more Meat and Fish, than, when, it is so destroyed. Therefore, the Craftsmen of the Trink-Boats, on the Thames, may, very probably, be accused, convicted, judged, and condemned, as the most abominable yearly Destructioners of ninety Thousand Bushels of Markat-able Fish.  
And, if you abridge me, in the number of the days of their Labour, yearly: I will, then, charge each of their Nets, with destroying daily, more, than a Bushel of Fry: one day, with an other, every day of their Labour. And I know (notwithstanding,) how much, I keep me, within my Bounds, yet: How Horrible and Intolerable, so ever, this Fact, doth sound in your ears: who have not listened to this matter, before now: nor know the Verity thereof, yet.  
Of this ninety Thousand Bushels of Fish, if you will accounted but every 48 Bushels, (which make six Quarters,) to be a Cart load: the Somme will be 1875 Cart loads, of fresh Fish: which is destroyed, yearly, by the Trink-Nets, only: And that, in the Noble River of Thames, only. Whereby, it is most evident, that my first Assertion, of 500 Cart Loads of fresh Fish, destroyed, in the whole Realm of England, is most undoubtedly true.  
So is it, now, also, Probable: that, in all England, by the manifold disorder, used about Fry and Spawn, destroying, there is yearly spoiled, or hindered, 
☞  the Brood of Two Thousand Cart Loads, of fresh Fish, of middle Markat-able skantlyn.  

The Public Los yearly caused by the Trink-Boats, Kiddels, etc. is uncredible to them that know not the T●uthe: Or, will ●ot Search, and Examine to the quick, what Violent, or, rather Fraudulent Disorder, is therein Practised.  The Value, of the foresaid ninety Thousand Bushels, of fresh Fish, (one with an other, being rated at five Shillings a Bushel) is Two and Twenty Thousand, and Five Hundred Pounds, of Current Money of England.  
Which quantity of Fish, also, (according to our former Hypotheses) would maintain, for one day, a Thousand Thousand, and Eight Hundred Thousand Men. Or, Nine Hundred Thousand Men, two days: Or, Three Hundred Thousand Men, six days: Or, a Hundred Thousand Men, 18 days: Or, Fifty Thousand Men, 36 days: Or, 25 Thousand Men, 72 days. etc.  
And, if, in the River of Thames, Trinker-men only, do not (in your Opinion, or, in the estimation and knowledge of them, who are somewhat expert in these Cases,) seem duly charged, with this Incredible Spoil, and Damage Public: I will allow, unto you and them, into this Reckoning (to make up, the full and heaped up measure, of this abominable Iniquity) all the Destruction of Fry, and young Fish, which the 18, or, 19 Tymber-Nets, do yearly make: who are fain, every two hours of the Flood or Tide, to discharge their Nets, for fear of breaking. I will give you in● also, the Spoil, which is yearly made with the engines, called Kyddels. And they, are in the Thames, above an Hundred and Forty. And now, you can not doubt, but I have good reason, to warrant you, that the Destruction and Spoil of Fry and young Fish, made yearly, and that 
* For, by many other means, the Fry and Spawn of Fish is destroyed: as Partly by the Statute made Anno 4 Henrici Sep●i. Cap. 15, may appear: and Partly, by our daily Experience, may be pe●ceyued.  only, by the Three former unlawful engines, (occupied in the Thames) doth amount, yearly, to the foresaid Public los, of 90000 Bushels of middle Markat-able good Fish: in the total Somme: I mean, when, the same should come to be, of middle Markat-able growth. Though, at the time of their Spoiling them, they are, in Measure, but Nine Thousand Bushels.  
And, because, the 30, or 31 Trinker-Men, not 1. only, are the chiefest Cause, of the foresaid exceeding great Destruction of FRY, and young Fish, (to the Intolerable Damage Public,) but 2. also, lie in the River of Thames, to the great Annoyance, and Cumber (many times) of the Ships, and Boats, passing between London, and Gravesend (and farther:) And otherwhile, to the loss, both of Goods and Lives, of many of her majesties Loving, and Faithful Subjects: What discrete Subject, or true Member of the British, or English Monarchy, is there, who, in his heart, Doth not abhor this Heinous Enormity? and will not, with his Voice, Heartily, Cry out, and Say: Fie on them, Fie on them: Away with them, Away with them: Who, so abominably, convert Man's Meat, to the Feeding of 
* Much like Disorders, have heretofore been used, about O●sord Haven, in the County of Suffolk. Read the Statute made Ann● 4 Henri●● 7. Cap. 21.  1. Swine: And Otherwhile, 2. Bury some of their unlawful Spoil of Fry, and young Fish, in the Shores of the Thames, and Otherwhere.  
God, of his infinite Goodness, sendeth us (Yearly) Evident Tokens, of the great abundance, of this kind of good Victuals, prepared purposely for this part, of this British Albion: But, these Trynker-Men, Cast Incredible Much of such a treasure, before their Swine, to Battle them withal: And are, (by that means,) great Hynderers, bot● to the Wealth, and Relief Public: and also, to the Glory of God: Who, would be Duly Glorified, and Praised of many a Thousand of the Rich, and Poor, who, should be Served, Pleasured, and Relieved, with the great abundance, of the divers sorts of good and wholesome Fish, Swarming in this Incomparable River of Thames (from the one end thereof, to the other,) in very main Skulls: If these Public Enemies of God and, Man, did not (more than Barbarously, and less than Christianlike,) utterly spoil, and wickedly tread under their feet, such a Blessing and liberal Gift of our GOD, and most loving heavenly father, proffered unto us, and in manner, put into our hands.  
Very much, more abominable, and more unreasonable, is the wickedness of these Trinker-men, than was the Disorder, heretofore (and till of late) committed in Ireland: where, the Inhabitants of divers Cities and Towns, adjoining near to Rivers, that do Ebb and Flow (in which Rivers, the Fry of Salmon, Eel, and other Commodious Fish are bred and nourished) did keep great herds and numbers of Swine: which, at low water, they do, or (till of late) did lead, of suffer, to feed upon the Strands, of the said Rivers: where they do, or did, destroy great Quantity of Salmon, and Eel Fry: and of divers other good Fishes: to the great hurt, and hindrance of Fishing: and the exceeding great damage, of the Commonwealth. As, by the Act, made against the same, at Dublyn, Anno undecimo, of our most Gracious sovereign Lady, Queen Elizabeth, more at large, may appear.  
And, at this present, I am the bolder, to express my Instructor his fervency, against the Trinker-Men, their heinous endamaging of the Publik-wealth of this Kingdom: Seeing, for (about) an Hundred and Fifty years ago, the whole Body of this Realm, by their Parliament Senators, left unto us, worthy Record of their vigilant Eye (to find out such Offences) and their politic Proviso: by very good justice, either to Cut of the Cause, of so grievous hindrance to the Commonwealth: or, discreetly to punish the fact (so often, as it should be Committed) with a Hundred Shillings, to be Forfeited, to the King.  
In the Second year, of King Henry the Sixth, these are the words of the Statute, to our purpose, prudently established: CAP. XU.  

The Statute, against Trinker-Men: for Ever enduring.  ITem, it is Ordained, that the Standing of Nets, and Engines, called Trinks, and all other manner of Nets, which be, and were wont to be fastened, and hanged continually, day and night, by a certain time, in the year, to great Posts, Boats, and Anchors, overthwart the River of Thames, and other Rivers of the Realm, (which Standing, is a Cause and an Occasion of as great, [and more] destruction of the Brood, and Fry of Fish, and Disturbance of the Common Passage of vessels, as be the Wears, Kyddels, or any other Engines,) be wholly defended, for EVER. And that, every Person, that so setteth, or fasteneth them, from henceforth, to such Posts, Boats, and Anchors, or like thing, continually to Stand, (as afore is said,) and be duly thereof, by the Cours of the Law, convict: he shall forfeit to the King. C.S. at every time, that he is so proved, in Default. Provided always, that it shall be lawful to the Possessors of the said Trinks, (if they be of 
* Which (commonly) are so unlawful, that of a Bushel of Wheat, thrown into the Stream near before the Net: Three Pecks of the same (or, the half) may be stayed in the Hose, or Cod thereof: as Honest Men, full many, will Avouch.  Assize,) to Fish with them, in all seasonable times: Drawing and conveying them, by Hand: as, other Fishers, do other Nets: and not fastening, or tacking the said Nets, to the Posts, Boats, and Anchors: continually to Stand, as afore is said. Saving always, to every of the King's liege People, their Right,  
Title, and Inheritance, in their Fishings, in the said Water.  
But, what shall any Zealous Lover of justice, and good Public Policy, say, or think, herein? Seeing, so long ago, so Just, sufficient, and easy a Remedy, was provided, against these Trink-Boats: 1. aswell, for the manifold Cumber, Danger, and Damage, happening by them, to such, as should, and did pass (Up or Down,) upon the Thames, by Day: and chief in the Dark Nights, and Foggy Wether: As also, against the exceeding great Publik-Dammage, to the Natural and Ordinary Increase, of very good Fish, (of divers sorts) wilfully, and very ungodly, procured by the said Trinker-men, hath been, no better regarded?  
And, seeing, 2. Suits in the Law, have been, in our days, commenced, and followed (by virtue of the said Act) against the said Trinker-men: And they, thereupon Condemned: And yet (that notwithstanding,) their unlawful Practices, still are continued?  
And Thirdly, Seeing, (before our Eyes,) the Damage to the Commonwealth, and the incredible hindrance to that plenty of Victuals finding and enjoying, which God hath prepared for us, is, by these Trinker-men procured, more now, than ever before, most unlawfully, and fraudulently: etiam, cum Calumnia quadam, to the Pitiful Clemency, and the very great Lenity, used toward them?  
Therefore, Seeing, (I say,) that Neither the foresaid very good Law, can fear them: Nor, the Amercements, (as they are used,) do sufficiently pinch th●m: Nor, the manifold just Complaints (besides Costly Suits, made and had) against these Trinker-Men, are (yet,) of sufficient effect, to the poor Commons, to be used herein, according to the Laws of this Realm: But that, they remain remedyles, (yet,) and are evidently spoiled (yearly) of an incredible great Public Benefit, by these Trinkerly disordered, and unlawful Fishings (as before is declared:) How can I, hope, that, upon this very brief, and simple Advertisement, of my Instructor, These Trink-Nets shall utterly, and speedily, be cut of, 
☜  without any longer sinister means to be used, by any Subjects, to beard, checkmate, or, to deface so commendable and needful a Statute, as that is, which before is expressed, against the Standing of any Trink-Nets? But, yet, for all that, such is my Confidence in the goodness of her most excellent Majesty: and so, assured I am, her majesties heart, to be fraught with pitiful Compassion, on the Lamentable, and due Complaints, made, of the great and excessive hindrance, and damage to her Commons and subjects wealth and relief: And, likewise, so well, are we acquainted with the most commendable justice, executed by her majesties most Honourable Privy Counsel, when duly and thoroughly they understand the Causes: That, (with calling these things, to my Remembrance) not only, now, my Hope is revived: but, also, I dare half warrant the Commons, That Trink-Net-Men, henceforward, shall be unpartially constrained, to use their Trade of Fishing only, according to the Law: and, Not, as they (most unlawfully and very ungodly,) to long a time have done, and very abominably at this present, they do: Yearly destroying far more Fish, than they sand, good, seasonable, lawful, and allowable, to the Markets. For, the more part of those, which they sand, are Unseasonable or Unlawful Smelts, or Whiting-Mops: Wherein, the Hebber-Boats, only, might sufficiently well, (or, with much les Publik-dammage) serve: as the wise and expert, are well assured of it.  
Of the divers, yea the manifold 
Though all other Abuses be here Untouched, yet, that unlawful Engyn, at Mill Tails, From Stanes Westward, (called a B V C K, Wherewith, in some one Night a Bushel of Salmon Fry, is destroyed:) would Speedily, and Severely, be Abolished.  other abuses, of Fishing: or hyndrances to the same, in this noble River of Thames, only: to disclose, rehears, and express the matter, and manner, particularly, fully, and unpartially, it doth require a peculiar, and great Treatise.  
But, to Conclude this necessary Digression, withal: I may, aptly enough (and omitting many other,) Note only two manners of Hyndrances: Which, (easily, and most quickly) may be redressed: The one, is, of long time used, and (I know not, why,) permitted: and yet (notwithstanding) is a great Hindrance and cause of Destruction, to the Western store of divers kinds of good Fishes. I mean, above London Bridge●, upward (which is Westward.) And that is, the Fishing with any manner of Net, in the places, which either for a Season, or in the other, which are continually exempted from being Fished in, (commonly called Severalls, and Rough places.) In which places, what unlawful, or undue Subtlery is used, to avoid the Roughs, and Stakes, for fear of hurting, or renting of their Nets, (and yet, to beaten, and punch the Beds, or Skulls of Fish: and by [in manner] thundering s●owncing, thumping, and pashing, or, with Chain drawing under the water, etc.: to drive the Fish, to their Nets) may easily be understood, and daily seen, or nightly hard, and perceived. But, with all men, of sufficient judgement (in many Respects,) it may be condemned, as a great hindrance to the Brood and Store preserving: and a violent breaking, of the first Intent of the politic Civil Senators: who, made the Ordonances, for such Places Severalling, or utterly Exempting, and reserving unransakt, and undisturbed. And though Peter-Men, will make great show of good Argument, to the Contrary: yet, it is best, to make sure work: in Circumspectly establishing the Privilege, and exemption of those peculiarly assigned, and well known places, of Store and Brood: from any manner of Net casting in the same, or any artificial disturbance, purposely, therein to be used, for any Fish taking.  
The Second hindrance, is the Stinching, Soiling, (or, rather Beslovening,) of the Thames: Both Shores, and Channels: Where, the yearly Recours, and far more Plentiful Haunt, than now is, of the Western 
* The Seasonable Repair, of the Western Smelled, is a matter of great Importance: Both, for the very wholesome, and Plentiful Vittayling of Multitudes of all States: And also, for the good help, of many a poor Fisherman, toward his Maintenance, (for that Season:) Both for Meat, and Money, for him, and his Family.  Smelled, (which is the Seasonable, and best Smelled) was wont to be. Which kind of Fish, greatly abhorreth such Filthy ground. And this new, and to bold Attempt, hath, but of very late years, excessively, been enterprised: Not only, (as I said,) to the great hindrance of the best, and most Seasonable Smelled, his annual Delight, as in times past (and till, of very late) to Return, and abide in great Plenty, for the space of the whole Season, in the Ancient Place of the chief Western Smelled Fishing: But, also, to the causing of many loathsome Sights, horrible Savours, and infectious evaporations, of such Dunghill stuf: to no little grief of Scent, and no less danger to the health of very many, of Court, Country, and City: which, either do frequent, or (now and then) pass upon the same River of Thames, between the City of London, and Richemond: where (most usually) our Soveraygn, every year, doth make some abode.  
Between which two places, as our Sovereigns, (Kings and Queens) have very often, and (almost) yearly, heretofore, passed by water: So, durst no man, in those days, so carelessly, and unlawfully annoyed, and bestinche the Thames: either, Banks or Shores, (in that Tract of the River, chief: being, also, the fairest and pleasantest passage, of the whole River:) both, in respect of not offending, either the Eye, or Smell, of the Majesty Royal: and also, for fear of breaking 
* 
The Statute.  
THat No Person, or Persons, after the first day of August, next coming, do cast, or unlade, out of any manner of Ship, Crayer, or any other vessel, (being within any Haven, Rode, channel or River, flowing or running to any Port-Town, or to any City, Borough, or Town, with in this Realm, or any other the King's Dominions, any manner of Ballast, Rubbish, Gravel, or any other wrack, or Filth, but only upon the Land, above the Full Sea Mark: Upon Payn, that every Person and Persons, offending this Act, to loose and forfeit, for every time so offending, * Five Pounds: the one half to the King our Sovereign Lord, and the other half thereof, to such Person and Persons, as will sue for the same, by Bill, Plaint, Original writ or Information, in any the King's Courts of Record, in which Action, or Suit, no wager of Law shallbe admitted, nor any essoin or Protection allowed. Anno 34. Henrici. 8. Cap. 9  
* The Statute against Annoyance, and Infection by Dung. etc.  
ITem for that so much Dung and Filth of the issues and entrails aswell of Beasts killed as of other Corruptions, be cast and put in Dyches, Rivers, and other waters, and also within many other places, within, about, and nigh unto divers Cities, Boroughs and Towns of the Realm, and the Suburbs of them, that the Air, there, is greatly corrupt and infect: and many Maladies & other intolerable Diseases do daily happen, as well to the Inhabitants, and also Dwellers in the said Cities, Boroughs, Towns, and Suburbs, as to other, thither repairing, and passing, to the great Annoyance, Damage and Peril of the Inhabitants, Dwellers, repairers and Passers aforesaid. It is accorded and assented, etc. Anno. xii. Richardi Secundi. Cap. xiii.   Ordonances, generally provided, and very duly appliable to the same Case.  
And how, either already, it hath offended, or may here after, offend the Eye and Nose, and be dangerous to the health, aswell of the right Honourable, Privy Counsellors to our Soveraygn, or, of other of the Nobility: or, of the Ladies and jentlewemen of the Court: As of very many other also, of all Degrees: any man may easily judge, that either hath those his two * Senses sound and perfect: or good understanding of * Decorum observing, in respect of cleanliness and wholesomeness in Public and Princely Passages: or who hath due and expert * perceiverance, that, both it is Unlawful, and also Needles, in Such Manner to be done, as it is.  
And some, have of late, so much encroached upon the Patience of the Commons (in this undecent and unlawful filthy Attempt:) yea, so far, as, not 1. only, by Scattring, they have annoyed the Channels, and Public Shores, 
Though the London 〈◊〉, may do good to the Western Cornfields. Yet THE V●●● MANNER of Public Annoyance therewith, to Man, and Fish, is neither Lawful, or Nedefull● And i● but a Late Rustical Attempt, and Easily, may otherwise be ordered: And those Husbandmen their Land, nothing the L●● holpen, to become Battle, and Fat, Sufficiently.  with the said Dung: and (in some places, near the usual Landing of the right honourable Privy Counsel, and Ambassadors: and of other her majesties Subjects, of all sorts) with the o●ten Recours of the Carts to the Dung boats sides, have made such Public Shores, and Strands, as before, were very clean, hard, and gravelly, to become (thereby) very miry, and deep to the knees: and vilely stinking, at the Ebb, when the Sun hath had any power thereon: And chief, if the wind do carry the Noisome Savour thereof, toward any man: But 2. also have made two kind of Standing-Leystoofs or Dunghills: the one immediately to receive from Boat the foresaid Filth: And the other, not far of: and near, or in the High and Public ways: or in the Lords waste adjoining. Both which kinds of new devised Dung hills, if heretofore, any Law or Policy did permit, or rather, not sufficiently prevent: yet (notwithstanding that slight permission, or want of Proviso: better Consideration, advise, and examining of the matter, will or may find good Remedy for the noisome Disorder: and establish some sufficient 
* As, None of the Foresaid London Stuff, to be laid within 400 Foot of any high way: nor any to Remain, or be above 48 Hours together on any Allowable Wharf, or Leystoof: Made, or Used, on, or near the Thames Banks: And that not above the quantity of 4 Cart-Lodes, So to be left Lying at once. By this, or some better and more streict Order, the great Multitude of People which pass on, or by, the Thames sides, would wish some Reasonable Redress, for their more Commodious, and Healthful Passage, in their Affairs Private, or Service public.  Order: aswell, for apt places assigning, or admitting, for certain Leystooss making: as also, for a very short time limiting for such stuf, lying or continuing there, to the great Annoyance, and possible Infection, not only and chief of the near Inhabitants, but of them also, which do and shall pass thereby: of what Dignity, Degree, or State so ever, they (he or she) are: English, or foreigner.  
And, though the Husbandmen, thereabout, do greatly allow such kind of helping their poor and hungry arable grounds: more, now, than in times past: yet, this Notable dangerous, and needles annoying of so many. Thousands, of the Queen's majesties loving Subjects: (and that for a very few Husband-mens' fancies) hath not holpen them, to be able, or (at the lest) admonished them, to be the more willing, to cell their Corn any better cheap, either at Market, or at Home, to their poor Neighbours, or, to other. And yet (forsooth) for their only Private wealth amending, they dare be so bold, or are become so careless, to annoyed, and unlawfully to vex, with loathsome Sights, and unwholesome Savours, so many, and so much, as they do. Yea, and that, daily: and more and more. Farther I will not (as now) say, in this unpleasant matter: though I could.  
But, in this point, (as in many other,) the poor Commons, and quiet Subjects of her Majesty, 
Hope of Amendss, and Redress, is very Com●ortable to the Queen's Majesties very Faithful, obedient, and Quiet Subjects.  do Hope, that some Redress, will speedily ensue. So, that Private Gain, Delight, or wilfulness, shall not so much either rechlesly, craftily, or violently, devour, or bar the PROFIT-PUBLIK: or, be so Noisome, and grievous, to the poor Commons: Whose Health and welfare, aught, in all good Commonwealths, to be carefully procured, and constantly maintained: as much, as any human, or their best Policy, can advance, and preserve the same.  
The Third and last Doubt, is of the Due, True, and Just, Bestowing, of such a Mass of treasure, which yearly will be, Ordinarily, Contributed: and oddly, otherwise, now and then: as by Gift while men are living: Or, by Legacy, after their Decease: and sundry otherways. The meaning hereof, is this: That the treasure Contributed, may sundry ways be abused. As, Partly, through the corrupt Nature, and very falsehood of such, as should in Office have the fingering of it: Being not contented with their sufficient Salary, and Due Allowance. Or, by Undiscrete bestowing some part thereof: by wasting it to other purposes, or uses, than it is meant, intended, and contributed for: one time or other. Or, by feigned robberies: or Los, by Negligent Ways. Or (perhaps) the Poor Commons, and Body of the Realm, may (to Scrupulously) settle in their Fancies, A Special Doubt herein, which they dare not expressly Declare: As might be, To consider many things, which have been, in times past, Liberally given to uses Public, and to God's great Honour: (As, in those Days, Christian Religion, was rated.) And the same Gifts, then, most circumspectly also, by the best advise of Lawyers, (in Tenor of words) ordered: And with many other Circumstances, confirmed: Yet, Notwithstanding all that Assurance, And the Force of Legacy Law: Many a Thousand Pound's Rent, of such Free Gifts, have been in our Days, by Act of Parliament, turned from the first appointed Uses: And Therefore, herein also, might the like Alteration be doubted.  
¶ Easily, and Probably, their Fantasies might, 
An Answer to this Doubt of the Commons.  in this their Doubt, be satisfied. First, the Cases are very unlike. For, there, either without Advise and Consent of the whole State: Or, of a Simple Intent, but vainly, (in Respect of the Means, to obtain that their Intent,) such Gifts were First given: But, in this our Gift, and Public Oblation, the whole Realm is privy: the whole Realm consenting: the whole Realm, aiding: And the whole Realm, certainly feeling the Public Commodity of Peace, Wealth, and of Blessed Security, thereby, enjoyed. And, Seeing the Case so standeth, who can Doubt, that ever hereafter, in any Parliament, all the Parliament Senators, or the more part, will be so much corrupted in their judgements: as, either to mislike the Continual Guard of this Monarchy, by the foresaid petty-navy-royal: or, to Solicit it to be laid aside, in part, or in all: And would (notwithstanding) have the Commons, the Realm, urged to the continuance of the foresaid Perpetual Benevolence: for Sea Security only, meant, and given?  
¶ Secondly, to Prevent the likelihood or possibility of such dangerous Innovations: Not less Wisdom and Prudency, may herein be used, than was in Athenes, upon Occasion, not utterly unlike to this: But, ours, for manifold Purposes, to us, more Commodious, than theirs, could be to them.  
The Peloponnesians, being returned homeward from Attica, Thucydides (Lib. 2) recordeth some of the Atheniensiens new Ordonances ensuing: Saying: Post quorum discessum, Athenienses Praesidia & excubias disposuerunt, in Terra, & in Mari, sicut volebant per totum Belli tempus servari. Et decreverunt 
* Which is, very near, Six Hundred Thousand FRENCH Crowns: and understanding those Talents to be of Silver: So, will one French Crown be Rated at 10 Drachms, Atticall in Silver.  mill Talenta de Pecunia in Arce posita, à reliqua summa segregata, separatim reponenda esse, neque insumenda: sed de Reliqua Pecunia, in Bello sumptus faciendos. Si quis suaderet, vel decerneret, ut ea Pecunia moveretur, aut in alios usus expenderetur, quàm cùm Hosts Atticam Class & Navali Exercitu peterent, & reprimendi essent, Illi Suasori, Poenam statuebant SUPPLICIUM CAPITIS. Et centum Triremes praecipuas atque instructissimas, quotannis, à reliqua Class seiunxerant, adiunctis singularum Praefectis: Quibus, unà cum Pecunia illa, ad nullam rem uti fas erat, praterquam, cùm Civitas, illa extrema necessitate & Periculo premeretur. The like Proviso, hath been in sundry other Realms, established: And in this Kingdom also, ordained: And, in this Case, full well, and necessarily, may be.  
¶ And, here also, such other Circumspect Considerations of Proviso, will undoubtedly be had, against all false and negligent Officers, in any Service Public, (to the use and behoof, of the foresaid petty-navy-royal, appointed:) That, so soon, as, any of them, shall be sufficiently convicted of falsehood, in their Office, used: Rigorous and sharp judgement (according to the greatness of the fault,) shall pass against them: and they utterly be disabled for ever, From all Public function of Office, within the Realm of England, and Ireland: upon a Band of Recognisance, taken of their hands, to that Intent. And the matter, Process and Conclusion, fully to be Recorded, in two books: with the Offenders Name, subscribed with his own hand: (As, sundry other things, else, are, for Safety, and Readiness, to be twice, or oftener Registered.) And if any Officer shall, twice, or thrice, be found a Trespaser, by his own Negligence, or of any under him: in any matter of Importance, touching his Office: After due Amendss shall by him, or his Sureties, be made, to the Public treasury: That Negligent Officer, shall be put out of his Office, immediately. And, after this, or some better Rate, all F●ults, and Offences of Falsehood, and Negligences, and such like, in every kind of Officers (to the petty-navy-royal belonging,) shall diligently (by apt Surveyors) be seen to, and quickly espied: narrowly sifted, and duly corrected. So that (undoubtedly) such justice, being unpartially, and speedily used, shall make, that, ere long, all these Officers, from the lowest to the Highest, shall be tried, approved, grave, honest, discrete, and circumspect Men: who will deal so justly, carefully, and diligently, as their Oaths received, 
☞  shall bind them: And their sufficient Sureties, shall be answerable for: And, as, the whole Commons will heartily request them, for to do: and will, most faithfully promise' unto them, and gladly perform (upon their good service, and due desert) such extraordinary Rewards, and so great, as may encourage any Christian Man, to deal truly, and justly, in so weighty Affairs Public: And may also rejoice any godly man's heart else, to see excellent Virtue, receive such Public Honour, Credit, 
☞  and Guerdon.  
¶ To Conclude: who doubteth, but that our King and God, of his Infinite mercy may grant us, even at our first discrete and circumspect Choice, and assigning, to find all sorts of those Officers, so wise, faithful, Just, Careful, and Diligent: as, it may be accounted his very handiwork, and great Blessing, herein? Whose Merciful Providence, at no time, is wanting in matters Cosmopoliticall, of great importance: and which, also, incomparably surpasseth all human Policy: though the same be most carefully used, for matters tending greatly and chief to his Glory, and Honour: as, undoubtedly, this doth. And so, are the Three former Doubts, briefly, and sufficiently (as this place may admit.) Dissolved, and taken away.  
Therefore, Seeing No Doubt, or Objection, (worthy of Consideration, or, of any Importance,) is remaining, to the Contrary of that most zealous WISH, or rather, SUPPLICATION, which (certainly) is agreeable to the Hearty Desire, of the most part of all Natural, and Faithful Subjects of this Kingdom, at this very Present: (upon our own State, both, in itself, chief, and absolutely: And also, in Respect, of our Foreign Neighbours, their unassured Friendship, being Considered): Why should not we HOPE, that, RESPUBL. BRYTANICA, 
IEPOΓΛY●IKONBPYT●NIKON  on her knees, very Humbly, and earnestly Soliciting the most Excellent Royal Majesty, of our ELIZABETH, (Sitting at the HELM of this Imperial Monarchy: or, rather, at the Helm of the IMPERIAL SHIP, of the most part of Christendom: if so, it be her Grace's Pleasure) shall obtain, (or Perfect Policy, may persuade her Highness,) that, which is the Pythias, or Intent of RESPUBL. BRYTANICA, Her Supplication? Which is, That, ●TOΛO● Ε●ΩΠΛΙ●MENO●, may help us, not only, to ● POYPION TH● Λ●● ΛΛEIΛ●: But make us, also, Partakers of Public Commodities Innumerable, and (as yet) Incredible. Unto which, the HEAVENLY KING, for these many years last passed, hath, by MANIFEST OCCASION, most Graciously, not only invited us: but also, hath made, EVEN NOW, the Way and Means, most evident, easy, and Compendious: In-asmuch as, (besides all our own sufficient Furniture, ability, Industry, Skill, and Courage) our Friends are become strong: and our Enemies, sufficiently weak, and nothing Royally furnished, or of ability, for Open Violence Using: Though their accustomed Confidence, in Treason, Treachery, and Disloyal Dealings, be very great. Wherein, we beseech our HEAVENLY PROTECTOR, with his GOOD ANGEL to guard us, with SHIELD AND SWORD, now, and ever. Amen.   

TRuly, I can not here let pass, an other Little Discourse, (as there are diverse,) of his, much to this Intent. I am not utterly Ignorant, (Said he,) of the Humours, and Inclinations, of the People of this ALBION, being (now) the greater Portion, of the BRITISH empire. For, although, as well through so many Conquests, as also, great Resorting hither, of sundry other Nations, there hath been made a marvelous Mixture of People, of Repugnant Conditions: Yet, from Year to Year, the General Disposition, of the present Inhabitants, doth, much alike, Altar to this great Imperfection: 
☞  That is: Though otherwhiles, they know and Taste of the Best: yet, seldom time, they do Constantly follow, and continued in the same: I mean now, in Public Behaviour, Et officijs Civilibus: For that, their Civil Conversation, and Industry, in many points, is nothing so answerable to the Dignity of Man, As the very Heathens did prescribe Rules for the Government thereof. Let CICERO, his Golden Book, DE OFFICIIS, be the Evidence against them, to the Contrary: And that, in those Points, by the Heathen Orator expressed, which both greatly are agreeable to the most Sacred Divine Oracles, of our JEOVA: and also, for the Common-Wealths-Prosperity, right Excellent.  
I have oftentimes, (Said He,) and many ways, looked into the State of Earthly Kingdoms, Generally, the whole World over: (as far, as it may, yet, be known to christian Me, Commonly:) being a Study, of no great Difficulty: But, rather, a purpose, somewhat answerable, to a perfect Cosmographer: to find himself, Cosmopolites: 
Cosmopolites  A Citizen, and Member, of the whole and only one Mystical City Universal: And so, consequently, to meditate of the Cosmopoliticall Government thereof, under the King Almighty: passing on, very swiftly, 
☞  toward the most Dreadful, and most Cumfortable Term prefixed:  
And I find (said he) that if this 
* The British Monarchy hath been Capable of the greatest Civil Felicity, that ever was any Particular Monarchy, Else, in the whole world: Yea, so Incomparably, that it might have Contended, for the General Monarchy, with any that hath been. If requisite Policy thereto, had been used in Due time, an● Constantly Followed.  British Monarchy, would heretofore, have followed the Advantages, which they have had, onward, They might, very well, ere this, have surpassed (By justice and Godly, sort) any particular Monarchy, else, that ever was on Earth, since Man's Creation. And that, to all such purposes, as to God are most acceptable: And to all perfect Commonwealths, most Honourable, Profitable, and Comfortable.  
But, yet, (said he) there is a Little lock of LADY OCCASION, Flickering in the Air, by our hands, to catch hold on: whereby, we may, yet once more (before, all, be utterly past, and for ever) discreetly, and valiantly recover, and enjoy, if not all our Ancient and due appurtenances, to this Imperial British Monarchy, Yet, at the lest, some such Notable Portion thereof, As, (all Circumstances, duly and justly appertaining to Peace and Amity, with Foreign Princes, being offered and used) this, may become the most Peaceable, most Rich, most Puissant, and most Flourishing Monarchy of all else (this day) in Christendom. 
If A●istotle did Aptly say thus of the Island of C●●●e: Vide●ur haec Insula ad Principatum Graciae nata, ac praeclare Sita (Polit. Lib. 2. Cap. 8.) much more Aptly, may we, Or might we have said it, in respect of all our Opposite Neighbours and ●arder of, also.  Peaceable (I say) even with the most part of the self same Respects, that good King Edgar had, (being, but a Saxon:) And by sundry such means, as, he chief, in this empire did put in proof and ure, Triumphantly. Whereupon, his Surname, was PACIFICUS, most aptly and justly. This Peaceable king Edgar, had in his mind (about 600. years passed) the Representation of a great part of the self same Idea, which (from above only, and by no Man's advise,) hath graciously streamed down into my Imagination: being (as it becometh me, a Subject) Careful for the Godly Prosperity of this British empire, under our most Peaceable Queen Elizabeth.  
For, EADGARUS PACIFICUS, Regni sui prospiciens Vtilitati, pariter & Quieti, Quatuor Millia 
* FLORES HISTOR: Radulfus Cestrensis hath 4000 only. Consider the probable Agreement of these Two Place●, afterward, in the Margin. And of these Two words there, STATVIT, and CIRCUMNAVIGAVIT. And to that STATVIT, doth this word CONSTITVIT somewhat answers.  Octingentas sibi Robustas congregavit Naves: E quibus, mill Ducentas, in Plaga Angliae Orientali: mill Ducentas, in Occidentali: mill Ducentas, in Australi: mill Ducentas in Septentrionali Pelago 
* FLORES HISTOR: Radulfus Cestrensis hath 4000 only. Consider the probable Agreement of these Two Place●, afterward, in the Margin. And of these Two words there, STATVIT, and CIRCUMNAVIGAVIT. And to that STATVIT, doth this word CONSTITVIT somewhat answers.  Constituit: ut ad Defensionem Regni sui, contra Exteras Nationes, bellorum Discrimina sustinerent:  
O wisdom Imperial: most diligently, to be Imitated. Videlicet, PROSPICERE: to Foresee: O Charitable Kingly Parent, that was touched with Ardent Zeal, for Procuring the Publik-Profit of his Kingdom: Yea and also, the Peaceable enjoying thereof. O, of an Incredible Mass of treasure, a Kingly Portion, yet, in his Cosers, remaining: If, then, he had, (or late before,) any wars: Seeing no Notable Tax, or Contribution public, is (Historically) mentioned, to have been, for the Charges hereof, levied. If, in Peace, he himself, flourished so wealthyly. O marvelous Political and Princely Prudency, in time of Peace, to Foresee and prevent, (and that, most Pvissantly and Invincibly) all possible malice, fraud, force, and mischief Forreyn. O most discrete Liberality, to such excellent good uses, pouring out his treasure, so abundantly. O faithful English People (Then) and Worthy Subjects, of such an Imperial and Godly Governor. O your True and willing Hearts, and blessed ready hands (Then.) So, to Impart such Abundance of victuals, for those Huge Navies maintenance. So, (I say) as, neither Dearth or Famine, seemed (fond) to be feared of you, for any intolerable want, likely to ensue, thereby. Nor, prices of victuals, complained of, to be unreasonably enhanced, by you: finding, for their great Sales, so good and rare Opportunity.  
This Peaceable KING EDGAR, was one of the perfect Imperial Monarches of this British empire: and therefore, thus, his Fame remaineth (for ever) Recorded: ANGLICI ORBIS BASILEUS, FLOS, ET DECUS AEDGARUS, non minus Memorabilis Anglis quàm Cyrus Persis: Romulus Romanis: Alexander Macedonibus: Arsaces Parthis: 
And why not, ARTHURUS ●RYTANIS? Because King ARTHUR his Name Se●e, was a Thorn in the Saxons eyes, of those Days: and his Name rehearsed, was audible to their Ea●es: Who●e Ancestors were by that British Arthur● 12 times, overcome in Battle.  Carolus Francis: Anno vitae 37 more. Regni sui, cum Fratre, & póst, 21 more. Idibus julij, obijt: & apud GLASCON. Sepelitur.  
O Glastonbury, Glastonbury: the treasury of the Carcases of so famous, and so many rare Persons, (
* Charta Regia Henries Sec.  Quae olim MATER SANCTORUM dictaes: &, ab alijs, TUMULUS SANCTORUM: quam, ab ipsis DISCIPULIS DOMINI, aedifica●●m fuisse, Venerabilis habet Antiquorum Authoritas.) How Lamentable, is thy case, now? How hath Hypocrisy and Pride, wrought thy Desolation? Though I omit (here) the names of very many other, both excellent holy Men, and Mighty Princes (whose Carcases are committed to thy Custody), yet, that Apostle like joseph, That Triumphant BRITISH ARTHUR, And now, this Peaceable, and Provident Saxon, King Edgar, do force me, with a certain sorrowful Reverence, here, to Celebrated thy Memory.  

Radulphus Cestrens.  This Peaceable King Edgar, (as by Ancient Records may appear:) His Summer Progresses, and Yearly chief pastimes, were, The Sailing round about this Whole I'll of Albion: Guarded with his Grand Navy of 4000 Sail, at the lest: parted into 4 Equal Parts, of Petty Navies: each, being of a Thousand Ships. For, so it is Anciently Recorded. Idem quoque AEDGARUS, 4000 NAVES CONGREGAVIT: ex quibus, omni Anno, post festum Paschale 1000 Naves ad quamlibet Angliae partem 
* Note STATVIT● and CIRCUMNAVIGAVIT: which declareth two orde's of 〈◊〉 a●d so may the total Some of 4●00 be also True. He Styling wi●● h●s NAVY ROYAL●, o●●00 Ship●, 〈◊〉 t●e other Sta●●●●●ty 〈◊〉 Sa●yes● 〈◊〉 MATHEUS WESTMONASTER. saith 4800 sib● Ro●●●tas Con●●e●au●● Naue●. So t●at he did gather 〈…〉: And also affirmeth t●e Partition into 4 equal P●rts: And nameth the ● Stati●n●: a● ot●e●, do otherwise speake● of t●e Seruis●ble Alteration of ●heir Stati●ns So that one with the other Conferred, and imperfect conjectures of t●e Writers b●●n● So●●at h●●pen, the V●●●y seems ro● to be touched.  Statuit: Sic, AEstate Insulam * Circumnavigavit. Hyeme verò, judicia in Provincia exercuit. Et haec omnia, ad sui Exercitium, & ad Hostium fecit Terrorem.  
Can, and would that Peaceable, and wise King Edgar, before need (as being in Peace, and Quiet, with all Nations, about him) And Notwithstanding, mistrusting his possible Enemies, make his Pastimes, so Royally, Politically, and Triumphantly: with so many Thousand Ships: And at the lest, with ten times so many Men, as Ships: And that, yearly? And shall we, being not assured of such Neighbours ●rendeships, as may become, to us, as Cruel and Tyrannical Enemies, as never King Edgar needed to Dread any the like: And they, as many, and Mighty Princes, as never King Edgar coped with the like? Shall we (said he,) not judge it, some part of Wisdom, to Imitate carefully, in some little Proportion, (though not with so many Thousands,) the prosperous Pastimes of Peaceable King Edgar, that Saxonicall Alexander? Yea, Prosperous pastimes, those may be justly counted, by which, he also made evident to the whole world, that, As he wisely knew the Ancient Bownds, and Limits, of this British empire: So, that he could, and would, Royally, justly, and Triumphantly 
* Vsus rei, melior re ipsa.  Enjoy the same: Spite of the Devil, and Maugre the Force of any Foreign Potentate: And, all that, so Highly, and Faithfully, to the glory of God, finally, 
☜  intended, and brought to pass: As the Wisest, and Godlyest Prelates, and Cownsailors of those Days, (so counted of, and recorded,) could best advise or direct him: Or (Perchance,) but sincerely Commend, and Dutifully encourage him, in: He being, of himself, so bend: As, purposing, first, Invincibly to Fortify the Chiefest and Uttermost Walls of his islandish Monarchy, 
The Chief Walls of t●is islandish Monarchy, aught to ●e P●udertly 〈◊〉, Valiantly Guarded, and Diligently, by Sea-Spye and Watchman, to be kept in Security, from all Sudden Approach, of the enemy by Sea.  against all Foreign encumbrance possible: And in that Fortification furthering, and Assuring, to trust best his own Oversight, and judgement: in yearly viewing the same, in every Quarter thereof: And that, (as it were) for his Pastime Imperial, also, in the Summer Time: to the end, that afterward, In all Security, he might, in Winter time 
* Vacate, & Videte quoniam Ego sum Dominus, Psal: 45.  (VACARE:) be at convenient Leisure, On Land: chief, to set forth God's Due Honour: And Secondly, to Understand, and Diligently to Listen to the Causes and Complaints, of his Commons. For, (As Mathaeus Westmonastariensis, of him, to his Immortal Commendation, hath left us a Remembrance:)  
Habebat autem 
* That is: Beside his Yearly Sea progress.  praetereà Consuetudinem, per omnes Regni Provincias transire: ut intelligeret, quomodo Legum jura, & suorum Statuta Decretorum, à Principibus obseruarentur: Et, ne Pauperes à Potentibus praeiudicium passi, opprimeren●ur, d●ligenter investigare Solebat. In 
* By this foresaid Navy, maintaining.  uno, FORTITUDINI, In altero, JUSTITIAE students: Et Reipub. Regnique Vtilitati consulens, in Vtroque. Hinc, HOSTIBUS circumquaque TIMOR, Et AMOR omnium erg● eum ex●reuerat SUBDITORUM.  
Thus, we see, how, in 
* Take time, while Time is: for Time will away.  Opportunity, this Peaceable Edgar, procured, to this empire, such prosperous Security: That his true and faithful Subjects, all manner of ways, (that is, at home, and also at Sea, both outward and inward,) might peaceably, Safely, and Securely, employ their wits and travails, for the marvelous enritching of this Kingdom, and pleasuring very many other: Carrying forth, the Natural Commodities of this Land, abounding here, above our necessary uses: (and due Store reserved): And likewise (again), Furnishing the same, with all necessary (and not superfluous) Foreign Commodities: fet from far, or Foreign Countries. This, was, in deed (as before is Recorded) a Kingly Providence: 
Kingly Providence.  Reipub. Regnique Vtilitati Consulens, etc. Besides which great Utility and Profit public, foresene: and by this means, enjoyed: he himself, used most gladly the Advantage of that Security, in ministering of justice: Or causing the same to be executed, all his Kingdom over: Not Squeymi●hly, frowningly, or skornfully shunning the ragged and tattered sleeve of any 
* Herem, our sovereign Elizabeth is a most g●●cious Charitable, and Careful justicer.  Suppliant, holding up to him a simple soiled Bill of Complaint, or Petition, and that, homely contrived: Or, afraid at, and Timorously hasting from, the sickly Pale face, or feeble Lymmed Suitor, extremely constrained, so, to speak for himself: Nor, partially smothering his own Conscience, to savour, or maintain the fowl fault, and trespass unlawful, of any his Subjects: How Mighty, or Necessary so ever, they (else) were: But, diligently made Search, lest, Pauperes, à Poten●ibus pr●eiudicium passi, opprimeren●ur.  

☞  Thus, did Public- 1. Security, from morreyn foe, abroad: And True 2. love, of his own Subjects, guarding him, at home: And the 3. Heavenly Spirit, directing all his godly Purposes: 'Cause justice and Equity, in all Quarters of this ALBION, to flourish. For which, his Peaceable and prosperous Benefits, at the Eternal King his ha●d, obtained: he become, not Insolent, or declined to Tyrannical Regiment (as some Princes, in other countries have made their lives, ●●●cotragicall, 
☞ ) But with all his foresaid Invincible Sea Strength, abundant Wealth, Triumphant Peace: with Security, and justice, over all his Monarchy prevailing: his heart, was continually, and most ●ealously bend, to set forth the Glory, Laude, and Honour of the Almighty Creator, the Heavenly and everlasting King: By such principal and Princely means, as, (then,) were deemed, to God, most acceptable: And such, as many Monuments, yet, to our days, remaining, do of him undoubtedly Testify: As this, for one: 
Ex Charta Fundationis Ecclesiae Cathedr●lis Wigorniae.  ALTITONANTIS Dei largis●ua Clementia, qui est Rex Regum, Ego AEDGARUS Anglorum Basileu●, omniumque R●gum Insularum, OCEANIQVE 
* Al●e● BRITANNIAM.  BRITANNIANI Circum●acentis, Cunctarumque Nationum quae infra eam includuntur IMPERATOR & Dem●●us, gratias ago ipsi Deo Omnipotenti, Regi m●o, qui meum IMPERIUM sic ampliavit & exaltavit super Regnum Patrum megrim: 
* Note now ou● Ancient Li●i●●, by this S●xon King Possessed. But the Br●tish Arthur had enlarged them much farther before his days: As by good Record'st and Foreign Testimonies, in an other place is declared.  Qui, lic●t Monarchiam t●tius Angliae ad●p●i sint, à tempore ATHELSTANI, (qui primus Regnum Anglorum, & omnes Nationes quae Britanniam incolunt, sibi Armis subegit,) Nullus tamen eorum, ulira eius Fines, Imperium suum dilatare aggressus est. Mihi autem concessit Propitia Divinitas, cum Anglorum IMPERIO, ●omnia Reg●a Insularum OCEANI, cum suis ferocis●imis Regibus, usque NORVEGIAM: maximamque Partem Hiberniae, cum sua Nobilis●ima Civitate Dublinia, Anglorum Regno subiugare. Quos etiam omnes, meis Imperijs colla subdere (Dei favente gratia) coegi. Quapropter, & Ego, CHRISTI Gloriam & Laudem exaltare, & eius Seruitium amplificare devotus, disposui: 

Christi Gloria, & Laus.  
A● Dom. 964. Regni AEDGARI 6. 〈…〉   & per meos ●ideles Fautores, Dunstanum videlicet Archiepiscopum, AEthelwoldum, & Oswaldum Episcopos, (quos mihi Patres Spirituales, & Consiliatores elegi) magna ex part, secundum quod disposui, effeci. etc.  
And again, this, in an other Monument. 
A. Omnipotentis Dei etc. 
●VNDATIO Ecclesia Cath●●rali●●●iens●●.  Ipsius Nutu & gratia suffultus, Ego AEDGARUS, Basileus Dilectae Insulae ALBIONIS, subditis nobis sceptris Scottorum, Cumbrorum, ac Brytonum, & omnium circumcirca Regi●num, quteta Pace 
* Note here, how he was in Strumatic of good Peace, with all Foreign Princes, his Neighbours: and yet used that Huge Navy progre●●es, Yearly.  perfruens: studiosus sollicitè de laudibus Creatoris omnium occupor addendis: Ne nunc Inertia, nostrisque diebus (plus aequo) servitus eius tepescere videatur. etc. Octavo 
* He reckoneth his Reign even from the Death of his Father: by reason of his Brother's Disorder, (●uen at the Day of ●is Coronation●) Universally, of the whol● State, misliked. And thereupon was that Phrase used,  su●●um Fra●r● & p●st. etc. in ●is ●p●taph Expressed.  decimo mei Terrent IMPERII Anno etc. Anno Incarnationis Dominicae. 973.  
Ego AEDGARUS, totius ALBIONIS Basilcus, hoc Privilegium (tanta roboratum Authoritate) Crucis Thaumate Confirmavi. etc.   
So that, by all these Rehearsed Records, it is most evident, that the Peaceable King Edgar, was one of those Monarches, in whose hands (if life had sufficed,) the 
* The Pre-eminence and P●●u●●●dge by GOD, and NATURE, Appropriate to this BRITISH MONARCHY, is Incredible: and will be yet, for a While●  Incredible Value and Privilege, granted by God and Nature, unto this British Monarchy, might have been peaceably purchased: In such sort, as the very Blessing and favour of the Divine Trinity, hath laid means, for our Industry to attain to, and enjoy the same, by.  
And though sundry other valiant Princes, and Kings of this Land, I could recite, which, in times past, have either by Intent gone about: or, by wise and valiant exploit, have meetly well prospered, toward this islandish appropriate Supremacy attaining: Yet, Never, any other reasonable Means was used, 
Note this: For it is SUMMA SUMMARUM. (Without any controlment,) to be Frankly Aucu●hed.  or by human wit, and Industry, can be contrived, to all purposes Sufficient, But only, by our SEA-FORCES prevailing: And so, by our Inuincib●● enjoying All, within the SEA-LIMITS, of our British royalty, Contained.  
To which Incredible Political Mystery attaining, Not easier, readier, or perfecter Plate and Introduction, is (as yet) come to my Imagination, than is, The Present and Continual Service, of Threescore, good, and Tall, warlike Ships, with Twenty smaller Barks● and those 80, 
THE BRITISH, SEA-LEGION.  Ships (great and small) with 6660 apt Men, furnished: and all, singularly well appointed, for Service, (both on Sea and Land) faithfully and diligently, to be done, in such Circumspect and Discrete Order, As, partly, I have in other places declared: and farther (upon good Occasion Offered) may declare.  
This Grand Navy, of peaceable king Edgar, of so many 
4000: As they are recorded of the sm●llest Number●  Thousand 1. Ships: And they furnished with a 
* That, is but 25 Men, for ●uery of those Ships, (one, with an other.) but most certain it is that th●y wer● ve●y many mor● Men.  Hundred Thousand 2. Men, (at the lest): with all the Final 3. Intents of those Sea-forces, (so Invincible,) 4. Continually maintained: the 5. Order of Execution of their Service: The Godly & Imperial 6. Success, thereof: are, (in a manner,) Kingly lessons, and son●, Prophetical Encouragements, to us left: 
* Even Now.  (Even now) to be as 1. Provident for Public Security, as he was: To be as 2. Skilful of our Sea-Right, and Royal Limits: And wisely to find ourselves, as Able to Recover and 3. Enjoy the same, as he was: who, could not chose, but with the Passing and yearly Sailing about this British Albion, with all the Lesser Isles, next adjacent, round about it: He could not chose (I say) But by such Full and 
* Note this Ancient Peaceable Possession, for the Lawful Title to our Sea Limits of the British Monarchy:  Peaceable Possession find himself, (according to right, and his heart's desire) the True and sovereign Monarch, of all the British Ocean, environing any way, his empire of Albion, and Ireland, with the lesser islands, next adjacent. With Memorial whereof, (as with one very precious jewel Imperial,) he adorned the Title and Crown of his Regality: As (with the Testimony annexed of the States and Nobles of his empire) to Commit to perpetual Memory, The Style of his chief worldly Dignity, in this very Tenor of words (before, also, Remembered:) 
NOTE The Queen's majesties Royalty over the BRITISH OCEAN SEA, round about the BRITISH empire.  EGO AEDGARUS, ANGLORUM BASILEUS, omniumque Regum Insularum, OCEANIQVE BRITANNIAM 
* Al●●● 〈…〉  CIRCUMIACENTIS, Cunctarúmque Nationum quae infra eam includuntur, IMPERATOR ET DOMINUS.  
What need we, now, any better Precedent: than of a King, so 
* justitia & Pax ●sculatae sunt: Psalm. 84.  Just, as Edgar was, to learn, how justly, our Plate, for the petty-navy-royal is Prescribed, and laid out? And, of a King, so 
* justitia & Pax ●sculatae sunt: Psalm. 84.  Peaceable, as Edgar was, (And Therefore, Surnamed PACIFICUS,) To learn those Princely Policies, which not only stand with the Due Terms of Foreign Peace, and Amity present, Royally preserved: But, also, carry with them, (Triumphantly) The Deadly Dart, and Hedding Axe, inevitable to all foreign Offenders, and Homish Rebels?  
SOMEWHAT MORE, he said herein: (which I here purposely omit:) But very much, is to be said, in the Premises: (As by my said Instructor, I perceived not long since:) which, to you, or other, in convenient Time and Place, (and after his manner) he himself, can best express: 1. AS WELL of the four convenient Places, for the AERARIUM PUBLICUM, or Pety-navy-exchecquers, to be in: (as, LONDON, YORK, westchester, and BRISTOL:) Both in respect of Safe Custody, of the Publik-Threasor: And also in respect of the Convenient Distances, from our Twenty Ports: And from the four Chief Quarters, and the heart also, of this ALBION: So that, Both to the said Exchecquers, and from them, all Payments, and carriages, requisite, may be conveniently made: 2. As also, of his Plate, and IDEA De Officijs, Or, De Muneribus Militum Navalium, & Nautarum, of the petty-navy-royal: In time of Peace, In time of Doubtful Inclination Foreign, and in the Time of Open War: And that, either Ordinary, or Extraordinary, for the Day, for the Week, for the mont, for the Quarter, and for the Year. 3. Likewise, for the Certificate, of the Affairs, and State, of the petty-navy-royal, to be sent weakly, or Oftener, to our Gracious Sovereign, and her most Vigilant Privy Cownsailors, from the Pety-navy his Grand-governor, in times Suspicious, or Dowbtfull: And but every Fortnight, Once, in times of Assured Tranquillity: And that, by some of our Smaller Barks: And to One of the Assigned Twenty Ports, being next to him, at that Instant. And there, the said messenger, with the Smaller Bark, to Attend and Receive from the Queen's Majesty, and her Honourable Privy Cownsaile, their will and pleasure: Answerable to the foresaid Certificate: And such farther Direction, as to them seemeth for that Time, to be most Expedient. 4. furthermore, of the Prerogative-proviso Royal, very sufficiently to be made, That the Grand-governor, and All and every of the Sea-Soldiers and Mariners, of the petty-navy-royal, with their Ships, shall come-in, and be in their Assigned Ports: Within any one Fortnight Space, after the Day of their Receiving the Express Charge, and Sufficient Warrant, from our Sovereign, to that Intent: Unless, Contrary, or Raging Storm, and Tempest, Cause, and Force, longer Delay. Wherein, the FAITHFUL COMMONS, do nothing Doubt of the Provident-circumspection of the Higher Powers, to Foresee, that Such Dutiful Repair and Attendance of the Grand-governor, with all his Charge, (as is here specified,) shall be Nothing Damageable, or Prejudicial, to the Prosperous Continuance of the petty-navy-royal, those his weighty services, which partly before are spoken of, and other, which (Yet) are to be spoken of. For, Respub. Omnis, Sua quaedam habet ARCANA.  
5. There remain also, to be Declared, the Reasons, why my Instructor doth Wish, and Advise, part of the Publik-Threasory, to be bestowed upon some Two, or Three Honest Men, who should be Skilful in Far-Forreyn-Languages: As, in the Sclavonian, or Moschovite, the Arabik Vulgar, the Turkish, the Tartarien, the Chiny Language, the Canadien, and the Islandish, etc. For that, (within these few years next following, 
☞ ) with Men of all these countries, and farther, Great Affairs are by some of our Countrymen to be handled: If God continue his Gracious Direction, and Aid thereto, as he hath very Cumfo●tably begun: and that, by means not yet published.  
6. And some also, of the said Pety-navy-threasor, he did Assign, for a good Stipend giving to an Excellent Engineer, aswell for Matters of Fortification, as also, for Inventing of Weapons, or Engines, Offensive, or Defensive, by Land, or Sea: And likewise, for Engines of Service, for Profit-Publik, otherwise: By Land, and Sea: Either above Ground and Water, or under Ground and Water, etc.  
7. Moreover, some part to be bestowed on four Christian Philosophers, Skilful, or to become Skilful, and also Excellent: both in Speculation, and also Practise, of the best Manner of the Ancient and Secret Philosophy: which is not Vulgar: but, Vndowtedly, which may be most Comfortable, and Profitable, 
☞  to Some, of Courteous KALID, his Disposition, etc. By which Titles of Matter, left Vnspecifyed hitherto, It may Evidently appear, that my Instructor hath (as it were,) but opened the Door of his Philosophical and Political British Furniture: to be Favourably viewed of them, whose Insight, is Sharp, and Profound: Whose Zeal, and Care also, for the State-Publik of this Monarchy, to become most Christianlike Happy, (in all Respects,) is Ardent, and not Lukewarm.  
Seeing then, 

NO KINGDOM, in these Days, hath more need of a petty-navy-royal, and to be Continually at Sea maintained, for the Respects above rehearsed:  
Not Kingdom, hath apt TIMBER for Shipping: And thereof (YET) store enough:  
Not Kingdom, hath Skilfuller, and more SHIPWRIGHTS:  
Not Kingdom, hath Subjects better ABLE, and which more willingly will be Contributory for the sufficient Setting forth, and maintenance of such a petty-navy-royal, continually, at Sea (and that, for the former Respects:)  
No Kingdom, hath better store of APT and willing MEN: as well courageous gentlemen, as other: very manfully disposed, to furnish the foresaid Navy with, for all kind of purposes:  
Not Kingdom, hath better, or more Havens, and HARBOROUGHS, (and those, round about it) to Succour a Navy in, from Dangers, or Distress of Sea:  
Not King, nor Kingdom, hath, by Nature and human Industry (to be used) any, more LAWFUL, and more Peaceable Means (made evident) whereby, to become, In wealth, far passing all other: In Strength, and Force, INVINCIBLE: and in Honourable estimation, Triumphantly Famous, over all, and above all other:   Than this hath:  
And, (To be brief) Seeing No Kingdom, is more Discrete, and willing to Use the 
* FRONT Capillata, post, est Occasio, Cal●a.  Opportunity, of any exceeding great and Public Benefit procuring to the same, than this British Monarchy, is, or May be: Our hope, then is, That, upon the Uniform, Brotherly, Willing, and Frank Consent, of all States, of Men and People, of this Incomparable Realm of England: to this Godly, politic, and most Commendable Means: to 1. preserve Amity and Peace, with all Foreign Princes: And to guard this State-Publik in 2. Security, from taking Injury of any, or by any, (Fraudulently, or Forcibly,) And to 1. keep our own hands and hearts, from Doing, or Intending Injury, to any Forreyner, on Sea or Land: Our Hope is, (said he,) That upon this Godly 1. Intent, Discrete 2. Covenant, and Public Contributory 3. Oblation: the Omnipotent 4. Author of Heavenly Peace, will so bend down his Merciful and gracious Eyes, upon us: and so manifestly stretch forth his Almighty hand to Bless, further, and Prospero the foresaid Oblation, with all the Purposes and Commodities thereof expected, and likely to ensue: that, all we may, with the Kingly Prophet David, (both old and young, Rich and Poo●e,) most joyfully, and Triumphantly, (IN PERFECT SECURITY,) Sing, 

PSALMS 147.  Lauda HIERUSALEM Dominum,  
Lauda Deum tuum ZION.  
Quoniam confortavit Seras Portarum tuarum:  
Benedixit filijs tuis in te.  
Qui posuit fines tuos PACEM,  
Et adipe Frumenti satiat te. etc.  
Non fecit Taliter omni Nationi.  O Jerusalem, praise the Lord: Praise thy God, O Zion. For, he hath Strengthened the Bars of thy Gates, And hath blessed thy Children within thee: He hath made all thy Borders PEACE: And with the good Nutriment of wheat, doth satisfy thee. etc. He hath not done thus, to every Nation, else: Praise we all, the Lord therefore.  
Amen.   

SOmewhat, I have now said, (quoth my Instructor) in this PETTY NAVY MATTER: to discharge me of my Duty, to the COMMONWEALTH, herein: And very sorry I am, that I know not, as much, as this most weighty Case requireth, to be 
* Speede.  Speedily known: And that I am not able, aptly and Duly to Order and express so much, as I already know. And most of all, I Doubt, that some men will stick to perform, or shrink to prefer, or be Careless to amend this Simple Plat: of me, speedily, zealously, and unartificially 
* Anno Domini 1576. Augusti prinus sex di●bus: And therefore, this Treatise in other places, is called Hexameron.  delivered to the pen, and very Briefly, expressed.  
Moreover, (Said he) if it should not be taken in worse part, of OUR SOVEREIGN, than, of the Emperor of Constantinople, Emanuel, the sincere Intent, and faithful advise, of Georgius Gemistus Pletho, was, I could (proportionally, for the occasion of the Time, and place,) frame and shape 
§. Though in sundry points, my Instructor did mislike Gemistus opinion: sometimes not the soundest for the Peloponnesians commodity: & sometimes greatly repugnant to the order most needful for this British Policy: Yet, much thereof, might be a good advise for the framing of an Analogical Civil consideration, in respect of the Intent, by Gemistus regarded.  very much of Gemistus those his two Greek Orations, (the first, to the Emperor, and the Second to his Son, Prince Theodore:) for our BRITISH ISLES, and in better and more allowable manner, at this Day, for our People, than that his Plate (for Reformation of the State, at those Days, (could be found, for Peloponnesus, available. But, Seeing those Orations, are now published: both in Greek and Latin, I need not Dowbt, but they, to whom, the chief Care of such causes is committed, have Diligently selected the Honey of those Flowers, already, for the Commonwealths great Benefit. But, Gemistus said very well, THAN:  

GEORGII GEMISTI PLEthonis de Rebus Peloponnesi, ORATIO. 1.  
BEllum quidem cum Italis, Peloponnesum tenentibus à praestantissimis filijs gestum, magna cum Laude, et Emolumento confectum est, (Imperator august:) Cùm & plurima maximéque opportuna illorum Dominia, nostram in potestatem, longo post tempore redierint: & ipsi, cùm reliqua nobis omnia cesserint, tùm in universum se nobis obtemperaturos receperint. Quibus ex rebus, vobis quidem hoc pacto Imperium & confirmantibus & augentibus, decus et gloria: nobis autem, SECURITAS nascitur, & Vtilitas: Maiorúmque in posterum consequendorum, (Si Deus permiserit) Occasio. Mihi verò, 
* Circa Annum Domini, 1400.  nunc ea tibi exponere in mentem venit, quae multis de Causis arbitror, si obseruentur, multum his rebus esse profutura: sive negligantur, magnam Salutis partem detractura. Ac primùm de ipsa Regione, quanti sit vobis facienda, pauca quaedam dicam: non tàm quòd vestrum erga ipsam studium non videam, quàm ut ipsa recto ordine procedat Oratio. Etenim, Nos quibus Imperatis, Graeci genere sumus: ut partim, è Sermone, partim ex avita Disciplina constare potest. Graecis verò vix ulla magis familiaris reperiri possit Regio quàm PELOPONNESUS, & quaecunque juxta hanc ad Europam spectant, quaeque adjacent Insulae. Hanc enim Terram, quantùm humana potest memoria recolere, ijdem semper à nullis antè possessam incoluerunt Graeci: Nec Aduenae eam occuparunt, eiectis aliis, ipsique nonnunquam ab alijs eiecti: sed contrà, semper hanc Regionem tenuerunt Graeci, nec deseruerunt unquam. jam, inter omnes huius Regionis partes, Peloponnesum, praecipuas ac nobilissimas Graecorum gentes protulisse traditur: ex eaque Graecos profectos, maximas ac praeclarissimas quásque res gessisse. Quid qúod magnae quoque istius ad Bosporum sitae 
* Constantinopolis.  Vrbis, (quae vestra nunc est Regia,) terram hanc, qui rectè rem consideret, quasi Matrem, non iniuria dixerit. Nam & qui antè, Byzantium incoluerunt, Graeci fuerunt ac Dores: (doors autem, Peloponnesios esse, Nemini dubium est:) Et qui posterioribus Saeculis illustrem illam ex Italica Roma deduxerunt Coloniam, tamque praeclaro Byzantium auxerunt Additamento, non sunt à Peloponnesijs alieni. Siquidem, ut AEneadae & Sabini pari jure permisti, Romanam Vrbem foelicissimam incoluerunt, Ita Sabini censentur Peloponnesij de Lacedaemonijs profecti. Quocirca, nec his de causis parvi facienda tàm vobis, quàm nobis, est haec Regio: Quandoquidem & maximè propria, curanda sunt maximè: Et haec omnium est maximè Propria. Et, si de ipsius virtute, qua nulli Terrae cedit, dicendum est, ut ea quae de Anni temporum temperie, deque Terra nascentium, & omnium ad vitam pertinentium proventu dici possint, nunc omittam: AD SECURITATEM sanè, 
☞  nullam non Regionem haec superat: cum & Insula pariter tanta sit, & Continens. Nec difficulter possint eius Incolae, si rectè suppetentibus utantur adiumentis, cum apparatu minimo, si quis invadat, repellere: Tùm ad alios, ubi videatur ipsi, accedere: itaque Regionis terminos non leviter augere. Praetereà, nunc Montium munimenta, qui per totam porriguntur terram, & ubique (Arcium instar) eminent, sic ut hostes, etiamsi Campestri solo forte potiantur, tota tamen excidant Regione. Quo fit, ut non tàm familiaritatis, quàm virtutis ipsius causa curanda videatur haec Regio:" Quandoquidem possessiones potiores, potius etiam studium solent requirere. jam cùm omnibus, qui inter Graecos censentur, haec impendit Cura, tùm Regibus maximè, quibus universi Tutela, prae caeteris, est commissa. Neminem porrò superiorum Regum, propius quàm Te, haec Res attingit. Nam & cùm Itali ditionem hanc tenerent, in eaque longo tempore Regnassent, soli eam vestrae Familiae Principes recuperarunt. 
☞  Et ipse Tu, praeter alia multa magnáque Beneficia, praeclarum illud atque ingens Opus nuper erexisti, ducto per Isthmum 
Murus per Isthmum ductus.  Muro: maxima & praestantissima Perpetuae Salutis occasione. Quocircà vos decet, cum priorum Beneficiorum collocatione, haec etiam consequentia coniungere: quò simul & ipsi rerum praeclararùm augmento studere videamini, & ipsa à vobis ante collata beneficia, perpetuitate Consequentium, salva permaneant. Neque parùm, tùm SECURITATIS, tùm Emolumenti, magnae quoque isti urbi (ut arbitror) haec Regio rectè constituta adferet: id quod, hoc quidem loco pluribus explicare superuacaneum nobis videtur. Ac studium quidem summum hanc mereri Regionem, satis à me, quantùm res postulat, demonstratum existimo: Quam autem c●piam diligentiam, cum prioribus vestris coniungi Beneficijs, quaeque harum rerum corrigendae potissimùm videantur, quoque illae pacto compositae, plurimùm sint fructus allaturae, nunc aperiam: si ea priùs, quae in his minus rectè habent, explicuero. Primum itaque. etc.   
And again: 
Quocirca, priusquam tale quid eveniat, 
Pag. 213.  Decet nos, dum in Tuto Sumus, & quae minus rectè videntur se habere, corrigere: &, quantùm Liceat, Necessaria praeparare: ne, Si quis fortè casus accidat, eum difficulter feramus. Name, in ipso quidem discrimine, 
☜  non satis commodè correctionem, si quae requirunt, recipiunt. etc.  
SECURITATEM denique universis praestant Milites, 
Pag. 214.  & Praefecti, quique alij alias Reipub. parts curant: singulaque tùm parva, tùm magna conservant: & praecipuus REX, omnibus Imperans, omniáque gubernans, & conseruans etc.  
Quòd si quid sanè aliud, melius pariter et facilius, ab alio subijciatur, 
Pag. 218.  illud sequendum erit. Contemnenda certè res ista non est: nec in hoc statu pravo, simul & periculoso, reliquenda. Atqui nec melius nec utilius quenquam, quid aliud, eo, quod à me prolatum est, reperturum aio: Neque difficulter ad effectum id perduci posse: aut potiùs, difficulter, hoc in statu, res istas diutius, absque magno periculo & incommodo, durare posse. Tuum porrò duntaxat, Imperator, praecipuum oportet accedere calculum. Neque difficulter facies, ut, cùm ipse Rebus presis omnibus, quae optima simul ac justissima videantur, ac tùm publicè, tùm privatìm omnibus utilissima, constituas. etc.  
Atque Ego quidem quae fore utilia censeo, quibúsque de Causis, dixi: Et, ut, eadem etiam praestantissimis filijs tuis, hac Orationis forma exposui: ita, Tuum praecipuè requirunt Calculum: quem, tanquam ab aliquo sortita Numine., simul & honesta videantur, & ad exitum perducantur: Faxit autem Deus, ut eum qui & prosit, & undecunque rectè se habeat, Calculum feras.   
ANd Because, in Gemistus, his Second Oration, to Prince Theodore, (this Emperor his Son) there are many things, (In my Instructor his Opinion) worth the knowledge and Consideration: and not utterly unapt for this place: And for that, it should be a Disgrace, so to mangle the whole matter, and a hindrance to the understanding thereof: to break of, the particular Notes, so often, from the other Circumstances of words, and Sentences annexed in the course of the same Oration, as things fall out, Notable: And because, this way, the very whole * Text of the said Oration, may easier be had, than from beyond the Seas, (as they are,) in greek and Latin printed: I thought it some Reasonable Cause, why, I should, here, set down the same Oration, whole: that, whosoever should meet with the MEMORIALS of these Discourses, need not want the same, if it be to his Liking.   

〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 GEORGII GEMISTI PLEthonis ad Principem Theodorum de Rebus Peloponnes: Oratio Posterior: GULIELMO CANTERO, interpret.  
Elisabetha Regina  
Atque hoc primum est existimandum, nec privatis hominibus, nec Rebuspub. vel in maximis difficultatibus, de meliori fortuna esse desperandum. Siquidem permulti sunt in integrum restituti. Nam & Tròiani, qui cum AEnea, capta à Graecis patria, in Italiam sunt ex Phrygia delati, ita prosperam deinde sunt experti fortunam, ut, cùm Romam paulò post unà cum Sabinis, de Lacedaemonijs profectis, pari iure permistis, incoluissent, ab hoc principio maximum pariter & praeclarissimum obtinuerint Imperium. Et Persae, post Alexandri Graecorumque dominium, Cùm à Romanis esset eversa Macedonum potentia, non leviter & ipsi Parthorum ope suas recuperarunt Vires: sed ut etiam contra Romanos, qui tum erant potentissimi, bellum gesserint: & ut nonnunquam superati fuerint, ita postremò splendidam reportarint victoriam: ex eáque multis annis Tributum quoque Romanis imperarint. Quocirca nec nos decet nosmetipsos abijcere, vel de Salute desperare: Sed cùm & ipsi post has aerumnas meliora speremus, illud etiam omni diligentia considerare, quibus modis ad SECURITATEM aliquam res nostrae reducantur, & meliorem pro facultate nostra statum nobis comparemus. ut autem meliorem sibi statum vel Civitas vel Gens aliqua firmiter, (quantùm quidem res humanae ferunt,) comparet, non alia res efficit, quam REIPUBL: EMENDATIO. Nulla siquidem alia Civitatibus est vel faelicitatis vel infaelicitatis causa, quàm Resp. rectè vel secus constituta. Quòd si qua Casu rectè se Civitas habeat, id firmum non est, ac levi de causa potest immutari. Plerunque autem, vel bona 
† 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  Rep. conseruantur & crescunt Civitates: vel contrà, corrupta, & ipsae collabuntur ac pereunt. Nam & communiter Graeci non antè latissimè patentem obtinuerunt gloriam, quàm Hercules Amphitryonis F. Iniustitia Sublata, bonam Reipublicae constitutionem, virtutisque studium ipsis conciliavit. (Siquidem ante Herculem quidem non valdè fuit celebre Graecorum genus, cui Danai, & Cadmi, ex Barbaria advenae, imperarent: post Herculem autem, multas Graeci magnâsque tùm à Graecis, tùm à Barbaris retulerunt victorias:) & Lacedaemonij non antè vel Graecorum facti sunt Principes, quàm à Lycurgo praeclaram illam Reip: constitutionem acciperent: vel Principatu pulsi exciderunt, quàm eandem negligerent, ac tum sibi Maris imperium vindicarent, qui terram eatenus tenuerant: tùm equitatu minimùm valerent: quem ut alebant ditissimi quique, ita belli tempore, alijs, cum armis qualibuscunque tradebant: tùm sociis non clementer amplius imperarent. Quocirca sunt à Thebanis devicti, ductu Epaminondae, qui Doctrinam 
Doctrina Pythagorica Rebuspub. ●t●lissima●  Pythagoricam non segniter perceperat. Philippus quoque ab hoc Epaminonda, cum Thebis Obses degeret, institutus, Graecorum Princeps evasit: nec non eius F. Alexander, cùm Philippi patris, tum Aristotelis insuper institutione, & Graecorum Imperium, & Asiae Regnum superatis Persis sibi comparavit. Quinetiam Romani ad maximum Principatum, Reip. bonitate pervenerunt: nec prius res illorum labi coeperunt, quàm Remp. immutassent. Saraceni denique isti olim quidem parva quaedam erant Arabum pars, & Ron●nis ferè parebant: Postquam verò mutata Rep. leges quasdam ferri sibi passi sunt, quae ut non ad aliud quicquam, saltem ad Civitatum augmentum & bellicas victorias viderentur conducere: Primùm Gentilium Arabum nacti sunt Imperium, deinde Romanorum dominio maximam & potissimam ademerunt partem: tum Africam sibi adiecerunt: postremò Persas in suam redegerunt potestatem. Sed & aliae Gentes aliquot, horum utentes moribus & ritibus, felicitate frui videntur. Atque adeò isti, qui nobis plurimùm praestiterunt, Barbari his utentes legibus maxima potentia polluerunt. Eodem ferè pacto, si quis reliqua consideret, & Gentes & urbes reperiet ex bonis vel malis Rebuspublicis, recte se vel secus habuisse. Quare, si hoc videbitur considerandum, quibus modis tùm ad Salutem perveniamus, tùm potiorem statum nobis comparemus: Emendanda duntaxat est Respublica, pravis institutis in rectiora commutatis.  
jam, cùm sint multa quae Rempub. constituant, eamque singula vel meliorem vel peiorem efficiant, nimirum quae plurimis & potissimis constabit melioribus, proba futura est Respub. quae ijsdem peioribus, improba. Ac primùm, quia Rerump. tria sunt genera, Monarchicum, Oligarchicum, & Democraticum: Pluresque item singulorum species, quibus vel corrigitur vel corrumpitur Resp. Prudentissimi sanè quique Monarchiam, Consultoribus optimis et legibus probis, 
MONARCHIA  ijsque ratis utentem, cunctis praetulerunt.  

Consultores.  Ac de Consultoribus quidem, primùm, Eruditorum hominum laudatur moderata Copia. Nam & vulgus, quoniam difficulter inter se intelligunt, multosque habet indoctos, temerarios plerunque fert calculos: Et qui paucissimo constant numero, cùm Privatim sectentur Lucrum, prava dant ferè Consilia. At qui simul & moderato numero fuerint, & non indocti, cùm ut alius aliud consideret, atque in medium proferat, ita Communi utilitate communiter ducantur, optimi erunt ac certissimi Consultores. Deindè hoc requiritur, ut mediocri sint fortuna, nec vel ditissimi vel pauperrimi: siquidem illi, prae divitiarum studio, nihil ferè suadent aliud, quàm unde Lucrum ipsis aliquod proveniat: hi, prae inopia, nihil spectant aliud, quàm ut Necessitati subveniant suae. At qui se mediocriter habent, Communem potissimum Salutem curant. Ac de Consultoribus quidem, hactenus.  

Leges.  Leges verò, probae sunt, ut uno verbo dicam, quae sua singulis, tùm in Vrbe, tùm in Gente quavis, officia definientes, alienis negotijs vetent se immiscere.  

Rustici.  Atque in omni ferè Civitate, Primum & maximè Necessarium est, et Numerosissimum, Rusticorum genus: Agricolarum videlicet, Pastorum, quique alij Terrae fructus proprijs manibus colligunt. Alterum est Opisicum genus, Mercatorum, Institorum, & similium: quod primis illis ac reliquae Civitati inseruit: 
Opifices.  dum Opifices quidem Supellectilem humanae vitae necessariam, 
Mercatores.  in medium producunt: Mercatores autem, quae singulis Regionibus vel desint vel supersint, de una in aliam transferendo Exaequant: & quoniam alij suis coguntur rebus vacare, ipsi hanc Provinciam suscipiunt: 
Institores.  Institores denique, de Rusticis quidem, vel Mercatoribus emunt universa: requirentibus autem singulis, quandocunque & quocunque velint numero, 
labourers.  divendunt. Nonnulli etiam corporis vires elocantes, nunc his nunc illis ministerium exhibendo victitant. Postremum est Principum genus, 
Principes.  qui vel Vrbem, vel Gentem totam conseruant, atque custodiunt. Quorum, ut supremus est Rex, 
REX.  ita post illum, alij alias Vrbis vel Gentis sortiti partes, ritè conseruant. Cùm enim hoc omnibus persuaderi nequeat, aequitatem absque iniuria sectandam esse, nec tendendas cuiusquam bonis insidias: Nonnulli autem, vel primi vel secundi generis, omissis operibus suis, aliorum inhient laboribus: Contra hos, instituti sunt, ex amicis quidem, judices, 
judices.  & reliqui Praefecti: ex inimicis verò, Milites, 
Milites.  & horum Duces. Quibus, cùm tanquam publicae intentis custodiae, aliundè suppeditanda essent necessaria, Tributa Rusticis, in Dimensum Publicorum Custodum, imperata sunt: Merces pariter et Praemium Custodiae futura. 
Tributorum Origo.  Atque haec Tributorum est origo.  
Cum porrò, tria haec prima sunt hominum in urbe genera, propria quaedam singulorum esse debent officia: quae quidem proba Lex obire quemque jubet, nec inter se confundere. Principes igitur nullum subeant Ministerium, quandoquidem Imperio maximè contrarium est ministrare. Sunt autem inter Ministeria, cùm alia quae recensuimus, tum Institoria & Mercatura. At Prin●ipem i●bet Lex, nec Mercaturam nec Institoriam facere, nec aliud quicquam non liberale tractare. Similiter à Vulgo secernantur Milites; ac Seruatores à seruandis: & illi quidem ab omni Collatione liberi Militent, ac Populum tueantur● Hi verò suas res agentes idonea, simul nec gravia Principum & Militum delectorum Dimenso, Tributa pendant. Maior verò pars Exercitus & potior, Civium sit ac domesticorum, non Peregrinorum: siquidem raro fidi sunt Peregrini, multisque mutationibus: interdum pro Seruatoribus atque Custodibus hostes existunt. Domestici verò si rectè curentur, magis firmi sunt atque fidi. De Rusticis autem plerique militiae assueti, per coniugationes dividantur, eorumque alterutro communibus ferè laborante sumptibus, vicissim alter laboret, alter militet: sic ut pariter et familiae suae curam & Salutis Communis ijdem, quantum fieri possit, gerant. Separentur autem in exercitu Pedites ab Equitibus: Peditibus quidem in Turmas sub Ducibus, Equitibus autem in Alas sub Magistris relatis, quò confestim possint, ubicunque fuerit opus, ordine adesse. Neque simul utraeque Copiae, Terrestres ac Navales, cogantur: verùm alterae semper, eaeque 
* Mark this ●i: for, i● our blandish State, certainly and evidently, our greater advantage and le● cos● and en●omb●ance is to keep our Public and universal Guard in a Na●y at Sea. As before is abundantly pro●ed. And GEMISTUS his earnest desire to pre●er the Land force●, and Land Sold●ers maketh him to speak not so aptly and favourably as the Case might admit o● skilful Seamen and Mariner's: who alone are not the worker● of great victories at Sea without the Sea Soldiers ●o●●stry and valiantness concurrent. For his Country, and at that Time (perhaps) it was be●●●o, to refuse the maintenance o● a Navy. And after this manner, are many things in this oration: which at that Time, and in that Place, wer● fo● th● Peloponnesian● more cruisable and commodious, than the like we●e to be deemed for this ●●●te. ●or, all, ●●re, contained, is not to be of ●● allowed, or im●●ated: But here and there, t●e Idea general, is to be answered with due application, particularly, for our Country, and these our Days.  Si id Vrbis & Gentis atque etiam Regionis patiatur Natura, potiùs terrestres: ne cum utrisque simus inferiores, neutros vincamus. Ac praestat longè * Terrestribus Copijs in militum ac Ducum virtute, quam Nautarum ac aliorum hominum 
† 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  vilium arte fiduciam ponere: ac terra potitos, indidem necessaria nancisci, quàm peregrè petere: relictisque Mari proximis locis, nisi cogat extrema necessitas, soli cum vicinis bello vacare: quàm pluribus, tùm cum vicinis, tùm cum exteris. jam c●m Tributorum tria sint minimùm genera, Primum servitus, deinde certa sive pecuniae, sive aliarum rerum summa, tùm quaedam rerum nascentium pars: Gravissimum quidem Tributi genus est servitus, quip quod non opes arripiat, sed corpora: nec paruam ipsis praebet exactoribus molestiam, quorum praesentiam quotannis requirit: certa verò summa, praeter servitutem, magnam etiam habet inaequalitatem, dum & necessariò penditur, et saepènon pro opibus: quando nec facilè sit opibus cuiusque Tributum exaequare, nec singulorum opes eandem semper obtineant magnitudinem. (Eadem quidem per partes quotannis saepiùs à pluribus exacta, longè maiorem difficultatem parit.) Rerum autem nascentium quaedam pars cùm servitutis minus habet, tùm quovis alio Tributo, tantundem quod efficeret, multo levior est, ipsa temporis ratione, (quandoquidem, quo tempore fructus à singulis colliguntur, de ipsis petitur fructibus:) nec non aequalitatem habet maximam, dum quisque pro opibus persoluit: quo fit, ut optimum sit hoc Tributum, cùm & levissimum sit, ut diximus, & aequissimum: &, si cum aequitate exigatur, Reipubl. utilissimum.  
Quae porrò aequitas hîc locum habeat, hinc licet animaduertere. Terrae fructus tria potissimùm requirunt, Operas, Sumptus operis praebendos, (ut boves, vineas, Armenta, et similia) & horum Custodiam. Quapropter etiam Tribus iure debentur, Operis, sumptuum Dominis, ac denique Custodibus universorum et Seruatoribus, quos Reges, Principes, aliosque Praefectos diximus. Rustici ergo, qui suis laborant sumptibus, cùm liceat ipsis quocunque loco, terram quovis pacto colere, duabus fruentes partibus, altera operis, altera sumptibus debita, Tertiam Reipubl. et Custodibus universorum praestent: omni alia Collatione quacunque omnique ministerio vacantes. Atque hoc sit iustissimum Tributum, Praemium simul ac Dimensum publicis ministris futurum. Ac de Tributis quidem hactenus.  
Vivendi porrò ratio, cùm reliquorum Civium, tùm Praefectorum maximè, non sumptuosa, sed moderata sit: sic ut peregrinas quidem vestes et nugas alias negligant: ad Bellum autem sint omnes compositi, quique huc pertinent apparatus, diligenter procurent: quos quidem, c●m aliò sumptus transferuntur, diminui oportet ac deteri.  
Terrae fructus nemini liceat, quocunque velit, nisi alteram partem pro vectigali pendat, evehere. Ad socios quidem, evehere liceat. Sin quis ferro, vel armis, vel alia re necessaria velit mutare, nihil pendat.  
Moneta nec improba nec peregrina utamur: ne videamur etiam prava & aliena uti Republica. Siquidem non parvum in Republica momentum habet Monetae ratio.  
Sontes ne Barbarico more mulctentur, ut post mulctam minimùm deinceps peccent. Nam qui videntur insanabiles esse, eos de medio praestat auferentes, animam corpore liberare, qua non recte novit uti: quàm illos mutilantes, hanc tùm corpori mutilo atque inutili, tùm reliquae Civitati alligare.  
Atque hae quidem probae sunt Reipubl. Leges, aliaeque similes: Caput autem horum est omnium, de Deo rectè & publicè et privatim sentire, maximè autem haec tria: Primùm, esse Deum quendam praestantissimam omnium Naturam: deindè, hunc & homines curare, et res omnes humanas tùm magnas, tùm paruas regere: tùm arbitrio suo cuncta illum rectè iusteque semper administrare, nusquam ab officio deflectentem, vel alia de causa, vel hominum donis delinitum, quibus non indigeat. Quae cùm ita se habent, consequitur illud, ut in cultu sacra donariaque modo & pietate adhibitis offerant, velut inde bonum omne proficisci fatentes: nec vel minùs praestantes, aut duarum, aut alterius saltem duarum impietatis formarum opinionem sibi comparent: vel nimio sumptu, & privatas domos & Rempubls. perdentes, quasi donariorum quicquam proficeret magnificentia: nec amplius quid offerre, sed redimere visi, tertio se impietatis generi obstringunt. Has demum sententias publicè privatimque confirmatas, necessariò virtus & honesti omne studium sequitur.  
At vitium quoduis et maxima mortalium peccata, de contrarijs nascuntur sententijs. Semper enim existunt nonnulli pravis opinionibus imbuti: & vel nullum esse prorsus Deum arbitrantes, vel ut sit, res tamen humanas negligere: vel denique ut sit atque curet, corrumpi nihilominus posse, sacrisque ac donarijs delinitum, nonnunquam ab officio deflectere.  
Ab his enim duabus inter se contrarijs de Deo sententijs, tanquam fontibus, duo procedunt vitae genera, plurimùm inter se dissidentia: quorum alterum virtutem vel solum, vel summum ponit bonum, alterum Voluptatem.  
Etenim cùm Hominis natura, partim Divina sit, partim humana, (quod omnibus & Graecis & Barbaris vel aliqua praeditis ment visum fuit) Divinitatem quidem Animo, humanitatem autem exprimente Corpore. Qui quidem Divinitatem Ducem secuti, cùm rectè de cognata natura senserint, tùm ad virtutis normam vitam omnem direxerint, Boni sunt omnis inter homines Auctores: qui verò mortali ac ferina part ducti, cùm de Deo secus senserint, tùm ad voluptatem retulerint omnia, magnorum contrà sunt Auctores Malorum.  
Inter hos Medij sunt, & qui Gloriae student, & qui Divitijs: cùm simulacrum illa sit virtutis, hae voluptates concinnet.  
Et in eorum quidem numero, qui virtutem sunt amplexi, cùm alij saeculis omnibus extitere, tum Amphitryonis F. Hercules, quem diximus bona reipubl. constitutione virtutisque studio Graecis conciliato, celeberrimos illos reddidisse, cùm sibi primùm ipsi virtutem crebris laboribus & certaminibus comparasset: Lycurgus item Lacedaemonius, qui fratre Rege sine liberis mortuo, cùm Coniunx, quae gravidam se norat, ad ipsum se, fetu abolito, Regnum unà cum Matrimonio delaturum recepisset, re non concessa, quoniam justitiae repugnabat, fratrisque filio tum vita conciliata, tum paterno dominio restituto, aliquanto pòst tempore Legislator à suis constitutus, praeclara illa Reip. constitutione introducta, celeberrimam ipsam urbem cùm inter Graecos tùm inter Barbaros reddidit: Alexander quoque Rex Macedonum, qui per virtutem simul & animi magnitudinem, Graecorum Princeps effectus, ipsis pariter & Macedonibus, Asiae comparavit imperium:  
Nec non inter Barbaros, Persa Cyrus, qui Persas suos virtute propria cùm tyrannide M●dorum liberavit, tùm & horum & Asiae reliquae dominos constituit.  
In altero verò numero cùm alij recensentur, tùm Alexander Troianus, Priami filius, qui in Dearum judicio, vitaeque generum electione, tùm junone contempta, virtutis Praeside, tum Auctore gloriae Minerva, Venerem voluptatis Deam praetulit. Quapropter neglectis tùm Regno à junone concesso, vita cum virtute et felicitate coniuncta: tùm à Minerva oblata victoria bellica, vita gloriosa: Helena verò Lacaena Tindarei F. Menelai Atridae coniuge, praemio tam iniqui judicij accepta, tanquam voluptatis colophone, ut corpore omnium pulcherrima, sic animo turpissima & adultera, cum hac sese simul & Patriam pessundedit. Sardanapalus item Assyrius, qui per Mollitiem et luxum, Asiae Imperium Assyrijs quidem suis ademit, Medis autem concessit: Nec non de Romanis Nero, qui cùm alijs gravibus ac nefandis perpetratis, tùm occisa matre, seipsum quoque tandem malum malè perdidit. Nam Patriam cupiebat quidem, sed prae Romanorum virtute, nondum poterat evertere. Ac saepè plures existunt huius generis, tum inter Principes, tùm inter Privatos, alij graviùs alijs peccantes: in his etiam illi, qui justitiam quidem et Veritatem & Bonum Commune pro umbris ducunt, auro autem & similibus inhiant: foelicitatem quidem in vestibus, auro, argento, luxuque quotidiano ponentes, Propriam vero simul & liberorum, et Patriae totius Libertatem, ac SECURITATEM negligentes. Quidam etiam donec auro & similibus, res caret, ac per se consideratur, vehementissimè justitiam & Veritatem defendunt: Sed simul atque vel aurum, vel Auri quid simile micuerit, mox & lingua ligatur, & os obturatur, ac de justitia quidem silent: Ad contraria verò, omnis illa convertitur vehementia. Siquidem ab his & huius generis hominibus, cum reguntur Respub. semper sunt infoelices, quando ne probissimae quidem latae leges habentur ratae, sed omnia temerè permiscentur. 
Leges Ratae.  Non enim tantùm probas leges requirunt Respubls. sed etiam ratas: quales quidem per virtutem Principum existunt: quam, tria praecipua Pietatis genera diximus consequi.  
Postquam autem alia re nulla, quàm Salute, nunc indigemus, (non enim nos latet, quò res ex amplissimo Romanorum Imperio devenerunt, quibus duae tantum in Thracia relictae sunt urbes, et Peloponnesi pars aliqua, ac si qua restat etiam Insula,) Salutem autem Civitatum duntaxat è proba Republ. diximus proficisci: Respubls. nobis & legibus praestantissimis et Moderatoribus quàm fieri poterit optimis erit emendanda. Etenim quantò res nostrae peiori sunt loco, & infirmiores cum potentioribus hostibus committimur, tanto magis Rempubls. potiorem decet nos opponere, quae reliquorum exaequet imbecillitatem.  
Quibus autem rationibus optima constituatur Respub. iam diximus: potissimis quibúsque & ad rem praesentem maximè pertinentibus expositis, ijsque non valdè difficilibus. Quae enim res ex unius voluntate effectum suum vel sortiuntur, vel amittunt, non debent pro valdè difficilibus haberi. unius porrò voluntatem, tuam potissimùm judico. Etenim si tibi, qui Princeps noster es, & maxima polles potentia; praeclarae alicuius rei gerendae Deus amorem inspirauerit, cùm virtutem atque honestatem exactè secteris, non difficulter hae res constitui poterunt, nec ampliùs erit de salute nostra desperandum. Siquidem in hoc posita omnia sunt, ex eoque vel Salus nostra, vel Pernities dependet. Etenim si quam rem praeclaram & magnam cupias gerere, nihil vel praeclarius vel maius tùm Salute Gentis, tùm Regni SECURITATE facilè repereris. Haec autem non nisi probae Reipubl. constitutione parantur. Ea porrò non alia ratione, quàm quae modò fuit à nobis exposita, componitur: quamque omnes ubique laudatae sunt Civitates secutae. Ac si duntaxat ipse volveris, & hoc fueris animo, nullo negocio socios operis invenies: probiores quidem primos muneribus destinans, reliquos autem benefactis & mulctis corrigens: ac duobus his, tùm cupiditate bonorum, tùm contra peccantes ira rite usus. Siquidem nec absentia bona cuiquam licet adipisci, nisi cum labore desideret: nec praesentia servare, nisi rationi ira obtemperet.  
Ac Reipubl. Constitutionem, si videtur, à Consultoribus ordire: 
Consultores●  eosque tibi cùm alijs, tùm numero instructissimos, quemadmodum praecepimus, constitue. Siquidem hinc aequum est incipere: cumque maiori parti visum quid fuerit, ita demùm rerum mutationem & emendationem aggredi. Neque illos lateat, quanto res nostrae versentur in discrimine, quantumque salutis indigi simus: nec eam nisi emendata Republ. possimus consequi. Nam & qui aegrotant, si consueta vivendi ratione laeduntur, non aliter sanantur, quàm cùm hac omissa, commodiorem deligunt.  
Deindè, maiorem exercitus partem expurga: divisis bifariam Peloponnesijs: in Militantes, & Collationem pendentes, prout singulorum feret ratio: sic, ut non ampliùs ijdem simul et Militent et pendant. Etenim nec teipsum pariter et gentem servare poteris, nisi hostes deviceris: nec hostes devincere, nisi exercitum potiùs benevolum & animosum, quàm copiosum habueris. Difficulter autem, pendens Exercitus, benevolentiam simul & animos conseruat: sed utrumque, ferè, perdit.  
Praefecti quoque secernantur à Mercatoribus: 
Praefecti.  & cunctis quidem imperetur, ne Mercaturam vel Institoriam deinceps exerceant: sed se pro Praefectis gerant, Reipubl. custodiam et salutem procurantes, non seruilia obeuntes officia, & quidem nequam servorum, qui ponderibus iniustis & quacunque re alia miseros Rusticos damno afficiunt. Sin etiam de Mercatoribus aliqui fuerint ad Magistratus evecti, ij vel relicta Mercatura, si fuerint idonei, munere fungantur: vel loco moveantur. Oportet enim haec secerni, non Praefectos cum Mercatoribus permisceri, nec Milites agros colere, nec Rusticis communem salutem committi: quae sunt omnia Reipubl. pravissimae, quaeque nihil unquam magnum vel praeclarum gesserit. Enimuero nec Asinis ad Equorum utimur opera, nec Equis ad Asinorum: adeoque nec Equis ijsdem ad omnia, verùm alijs bello, alijs ad sarcinas. At hoc discrimen, in hominibus multo magis obseruandum erat. Tributis quoque multis istis, crebris, & inaequalibus sublatis, illud omnium loco repone, quod rerum nascentium Tertiam diximus aequissimè complecti partem, levissimum pendentibus & Reipublicae utilissimum idem futurum. Nam propter hoc Tributum, nec temerè quis aufugiet, nec ab exactoribus iniuriam accipiet, dum illi pendentibus quamplurima volunt attribuere, quo videlicet simul Tributum crescat. De his autem Hilotis, primùm tuae familiae, quot videbitur opus, selige: reliquos deinde Praefectis et Militibus primarijs, quanto voles numero concede. Tum verò cogantur singuli pro Hilotarum asscriptorum numero Clientes alere, servos videlicet militares: ne pecuniam publicam temerè profundant: quaeque hostes in votis habent, ut Salutis Communis impensae turpiter dissipentur, ipsi videantur procurare.  
Haec quoque Naturae consideres licet Exempla. 
§ This, Notwithstanding: Difference and excellency of rich and curiously wrought apparel is allowed by God, to the glorious state of Prince's Courts, Math. 11.2.8. Luke. 7. d. 27.  Aquila Rex quidem est Auium, & Iòui fuit olim consecratus, minime tamen varias aut fulgentes habet Alas. Pavo contrà varius quidem est & fulgens, sed minimè Regia natura. Pluresque aves aliae Pauone longè viliores, colorum sunt varietate distinctae. Quare videtur, qui vestibus praetextis ac similibus 
* To be proud of apparel, is most Pecock-like: but without pride, due difference, is most needful in a Common Wealth: & the Sovereign Prince of any Realm, therein to excel his Subjects incomparably: chief in the day●● of Triumphs, Feasts, 〈◊〉 nities, etc. The Scriptures Divine do yield v● examples: and other histories plentifully.  superbit, tanquam Pavonis pulcritudine gloriari. jam illud specta, sitne honestius ac iucundius, huc praecipuè tendentem, & bello quantùm licet consulentem, moderato tùm vestitu, tum reliquo vivendi modo, hostes quidem contemnere, de Imperio autem ac Regno Securum esse: an vest praetexta involutum, tremere, et hostes metuere. Quòd si porrò Pastores essetis, utro modo lac impenderetis? Vtrùm partem quidem alteram ipsi consumeretis, altera verò canes robustos aleretis, qui à ferarum insidijs Ouile defenderent: ut eo conseruato tùm Pastores esse, tum fructibus diù frui possetis: an hoc neglecto, partem quidem alteram ingurgitaretis & vestimenta prolueretis, altera verò, Canum robustorum loco, Maelitaeos catellos & vulpes aleretis, aut Vrsos, ut voracissimas Bestias, ita parùm intentas custodiae?  
Huc igitur omne studium convert, nihil omittens neque praetexens, sive quid aut priorum Regum alicui, aut ipsi tibi aliter olim fuit visum, sive quibusdam non est res placitura: sed cùm omnia movens, tùm nihil non ad Communem salutem pertinere visum tentans, 
☞  quando ne Medici quidem sua semper possunt servare decreta, sed cum omnia movent, tum nihil ad sanitatem pertinens omittunt, ac secant etiam, vel urunt, manumque interdum vel Pedem insuper ob salutem totius corporis abscindunt. Horum siquidem ipse quaedam, si videbitur, cum liceat, perages: nonnulla ab Augusto Imperatore, & Patre, Salutis Publicae causa postulabis. Neque tibi ille difficulter ea concedet, cùm huc spectare cognoverit, Ingenium simul & Impetum divinum admiratus. Caeterum his, quae maximè & proximè videntur ad Salutem tendere peractis, reliqua sine ulla difficultate deinceps, quaecunque ad Reipubl. virtutem & ornatum pertinent, assequeris: ac tandem optimam omnino Rempubls. nobis constitues. Quanto quidem maior tibi à nobis habetur honor, tantò etiam iacturam fore credes maiorem, si quid secus evenerit. Enimuerò te potissimùm Salutis Communis decet curam gerere, nihil Cunctantem, nec differentem. Siquidem nec licèt cunctari, cùm sit prae foribus periculum: nec alioqui tale negotium convenit differre. Nec imperitè videtur Hesiodus dicere:  
SEMPER AT IGNAWS CUM NOXIS PRAELIA MISCET.   

AND with this pithy piece of wise warning, by HESIODUS (very aptly to our present purpose) recorded, I will end this first Treatise: falling out, in very good Opportunity, to be in stead of a Preface, for the better understanding and enjoying the rest of the RARE MEMORIALS ensuing: collected, according to the Title prefixed. For which Preface, being thus, (though with more zeal than cunning) finished, I yield thanks most humbly to the Omnipotent Spirit of Verity, the Spirit of all Comfort and Bountifulness: which Directed & inclined the Mind and Tongue of my Instructor, thus to prefer the SAFETY AND POLITICLY ASSURED PEACE UNIVERSAL, OF THIS BRITISH KINGDOM, before any other Lucre, or Honour, Public or Private: As, without which PEACE AND TRANQVILLITY, neither the COMMONS: nor, the lords spiritual OR TEMPORAL: not, nor yet our most GRACIOUS ELIZABETH, can attain to the excellent Scope, and perfection of Civil State: unto which, both, by the Law of God and Nature: and also by Human Policy, all sound Commonwealths, and Bodies Politic, aught to direct all their Actions Civil.  
And I beseech you (Right Worshipful Sir,) not only to take these my speedy Travails and Collections in good part, yourself: But also, to whom so ever, you will deliver any one of the Copies, (whereof, only one Hundred are to be printed, by the warning of my Instructor:) You would be my Careful Orator, to this purpose chief: That my good will, and exceeding zealous Intent herein, dutifully to pleasure this BRITISH MONARCHIC, might be thankfully accepted: and so, my simple & very faithful Travails, to be rewarded. And finally, that you would very earnestly request 
* Hac, magnorum hominum sunt: H●c, apud Maiores nostros factitata: Hac genera Officiorum qui persequuntur, cum summa ●tilitate Reipublic● y, magnam ipsi adipiscentur & Gratiam & Gloriam. Cicero. Offic. lib. 2.  them, (for the commonwealths CAUSE,) Speedily, Circumspectly, and Paradoxally to view this plat. And then, to amend the Imperfection: and to Supply the wants thereof: (the better now to be espied, by these few warnings,) and prosperously, to farther some pithy Extract made of the whole matter: So much, as they, both by their Politic skill, and available Authority, best can: And, THAN, shall the foresaid PSALMODY, most aptly and heartily, of all true BRITISH AND ENGLISH SUBJECTS, be song: 
Lauda HIERUSALEM Dominum,  
Lauda Deum tuum ZION.  
Quoniam confortavit Seras Portarum tuarum:  
Benedixit filijs tuis in te.  
Qui posuit fines tuos PACEM,  
Et adipe Frumenti satiat te. etc.  
Non-fecit Taliter omni Nationi.   
Praise we all the Lord therefore. Amen.  
Finished, Anno Domini. 1576. Augusto Mense.   

 

   

PRINTED AT LONDON BY JOHN day, Anno 1577. In Septemb.  
Cum Privilegio Regiae Maiestatis.   

TO THE RIGHT WORSHIPFUL M. CHRISTOPHER Hatton, Esquyer, captain of her majesties Guard, and gentleman of her Privy Chamber.  

IF Private wealth, belief and dear,  
To any Wight, of British Soil:  
Aught Public weal, have any peer?  
To that, is due, all Wealth and Toil.   

Whereof, such Lore as I (of 
Anno. 1576.  late,)  
Have lernd, and for Security,  
By Godly means, to guard this State,  
To you I sand, now, carefully.   

Unto the Guardians, most wise,  
And Sacred Senate, or Chief Power,  
I durst not offer this advise,  
(So homely writ,) for fear of Lowr.   

But, at your will, and discreet choice,  
To keep by you, or to impart,  
I leave this zealous Public voice:  
You will accept so simple part.   

M'Instructors friend did warrant me,  
You would so do, as he did his:  
That 
E. D. Esq.  Ready friend, can witness be,  
For Higher States, what written is:   

Of Gratefulness, due Argument.  
If grievous wound, of sklandrous Dart,  
At length to cure, they will be bend,  
M'Instructor, then, will do his part,   

In earnest wise, I know right well:  
Not Merit shall forgotten lie.  
Thus much, I thought, was good to tell:  
God grant you Bliss, above the Sky.