A NEW AND Short Defense of Tobacco: with the effects of the same: and of the right use thereof. printer's or publisher's device LONDON Printed by V. S. for Clement Knight, and are to be sold at his Shop at the Sign of the Holy Lamb in Paul's Churchyard. 1602. To the Reader. GOod Reader, the Author of this little Pamphlet perceiving how vehemently (yet without just cause) the use of Tobacco hath of late been by common speech detracted, & by diverse, publicly written against, desireth herein briefly, by his own example and experience (being a man of good quality, learning, and judgement) to satisfy and direct his friends and countrymen, in the practice, and taking of that herb; And hath, to that end, set down such a perfect and sound. Rule, and Method, as may confirm those who do rightly use the same, in the continuance there of, and confute others, who unjustly, speak evil against that, of whose true virtue they are utterly ignorant, themselves either not using it, or abusing it, Extm, & ultra modum, know not, that, Insani sapiens nomen feret, aequusiniqui ultra quam satis est virtutem si petat ipsam. And that the best things may lose their natural property, being disordered and misapplied, as continual experience in most things doth too well witness. But for the virtue of this divine herb (well applied) the Author hereof is testis oculatus, without any exception, one that hath practised the same (and that very profitably,) on his own body, which, by the power thereof, he hath recovered to perfect health, & strength, as a man of so many years may have, so as to his own comfort, and for others to follow in the same directions, he may justly set it down probatum est. There are (I know) many others, who by the like right use of Tobacco have found the like happy effects, but through want of kind affection to their countrymen, or like miserable Euclioes (unwilling that any should participate with them in their golden felicity) do smother the virtue of that which no charitable mind would have to lie and die in silence. Let those therefore, who shall receive, either delight in reading, or profit in practice of what is contained in this little Epitome, think but thankfully of the writer, who wisheth a general benefit of his poor labour. Farewell. TOBACCO Artis poeoniae decus. Perusing two several Discourses, lately put down by two singular exquisite learned Physicians, Con and Pro, touching the nature, use and operation of our multum magnifico, lately recepted Indian Tobacco: The one of them, bitter, invective, and pathetical against it: The other, mild, modest, and apologetical for it. And finding them both in effect, and greatest material points to concur, only differing, and dissenting, in trifling toys, and terms, trivial: I could not hold, but somewhat admire their serious dispute, De lana caprina. For in good sooth who wots not (trow you) that every poor simple in Physic, as all other matters elsewhere of good worth, and greatest esteem, (Per inscitiam ac in curiam) may lewdly be abused. Now, forasmuch as: Scholam medendi, mutua concordia deceat, ut hanc litem quodammodo 〈◊〉, I thought it not amiss, Pro meo m●dulo, to insert hereunto my censure of proof, and that also, so much the more willingly, inasmuch as I am not Prosopoleptes, any way partially affected, neither yet, tam astergus senseless, to conceal mine indebted, and devoted affiance unto that famous, and renowned Tobacco, for it rare, and manifold demerits. By fortunate use whereof, not only divers gentlemen, elsewhere generally, but myself likewise, principally, and particularly, have received such admirable graces and helps, as may not in any wise, without impious ingratitude to Godward, and the like injury, to the herb itself, be either smothered up in oblivion; or else, buried, (amnestia quadam perenni, quod absit.) The commendation and virtue whereof may easily be discovered by these two special means and marks, Nempe, Skill. Square. The former of them is collected and gathered by Reading Reason. The other is approved and confirmed by Practice Demonstration. Terms (I confess) acquaint and conceited, yet not far unfit, pro materia subiecta, ut sequitur. And here, by your favour, Prima etiam front, before I proceed any further to my purpose, I am seriously & friendly to forewarn all forward Tabacconists, that of purgative medicines, Some are compounds: Others are simples. compounds. Electuarium Indum: Electuar: de succ: ros: Diaprunis Diacatholicon Diaphaenicon. And many such like, of that crew Simples. Scammony Stibbium Colocynthis Laurel Saena Alex. with some others of that sort Unto this latter Rank I do associate Tobacco, as one like, both in Nature and Quality. Now let me tell you by the way, that all these, and every of them in itself, whether it be compound, or simple, is endued with some one malignant quality or other, and that same also otherwise predominant and pernicious, unless in compounds, by mixture, it be reform: or in simples singularly well restrained and kerbed, algates portending and intending, Non tam redimendam, quam dirimendam sanitatem. Wherefore vigilant circumspection must be had, that Tobacco be handled considerately and respectively, not, phanatically, fantastically, insolently, excessively, and wanton, as some humorous, pragmatical, jocodocians (vain and 〈◊〉) use to do, whose noses are like unto Mount Aetna, their mouths and lips (as it were) th'outburst of Pluto his hellish smoke, flying, and flashing about their faces, with every Huff, snuff, and Puff, spitting out their own folly, to the great offence of many. I dare not there presume in this point to limit unto Tobacco and Tabacconists, any exact Doses in weight, or measure▪ but will remit that matter to Discretion, to be received, by grain, scruple, or dram, according to the list and capacity of the taker. And now forward to my purpose. Ast, pugnare metus, retrò pudor ire vetabat: Well: Etsi omnia non possumus omnes: Tamen, Est quódam prodire tenus: si non datur ultra. Skill Reading. Reasoning. Praesuppose some small reading in me to have preceded. Then my reason shallbe drawn and derived from the Substance of Tobacco. Quality of Tobacco. Condition of Tobacco. First, Whose Essence and Substance, cannot rightly be termed bad or base, but ought truly to be accounted pure and precious, by virtue whereof, in marvelous operation, men's bodies and members are delivered and cleared from innumerable, and those also most gross, tedious, doleful, and desperate maladies. Contraria contrariis curantur. Second, Whose Qualities of high degree, scilicet, in exiccando celebritèr, & in aperiendo celeritèr, do mightily and mainly work change, and reform all the enormities in our queasy bodies; The head, from distillation: The leights, from straightness: The liver, from obstruction; and consequently, all other our principal parts, from infinite diseases, and grievances, ut nihil supra: All which effects, do sufficiently argue, and declare the admirable and powerful force and dignity thereof. Third, Whose Condition and property (doubtless) most mild and comfortable to me, doth leave behind it, in my mouth (taken by pipe) a certain sweet fragrant moisture, Referens mellitum quid, not much unlike the pleasant dew on oaken leaves, in prime of May, whereupon Hony-bees, at that time, do most commonly and comfortably feed. Then, to pretend, that by smell and taste, our sense is offended by Heat and drieth thereof, Radical moisture is exhausted, concoction hindered, propagation decayed, poison and venom into men's bodies infunded, and melancholy bred and increased, are mere nugations, and yet grievous imputations, and great indignities offered to that innocent Tobacco, admit such accidents do happen by the immoderate and inconsiderate usage thereof: Vitium est hominis, non artis nec herbae. For, whosoever list without prejudice, to make faithful trial thereof, as myself have done, shall easily find, feel, and confess, without impeachment, that it is: Absque omnifarragine. In Essence, commendable. Smell, comfortable. Taste, tolerable. Virtue, forcible. Effect, most admirable. Ecquid amplius? So that every discreet person without all suspicion of Deleterion, Anodinon, Stupifaciendi, Inficiendi, Horroris, aut Offendiculi, And every other considerate man and woman, etc. of Highest degree. Finest grain. Sharpest sense May safely without danger, I say (not feed,), smell, touch, taste, and take, of our renowned Tobacco, without annoy: By it, (Certes,) all superfluous redoundant moisture in men's members, are wonderfully drained, & drenched, obstructions reserate and opened, pains, surrances, and grievances, marvelously appeazed; melancholy, and such mad humours, never a deal the more, supra modum, augmented. I am neither Pary the French conceited, (as a boggle or a Bugbear) Antipatheticè, to fear & abhor it, neither yet: D. T. English Metamorphosed, Sympatheticè, to feel and confess so much defect, by one days want of it. But Vt ingenuè referam: Nec inficias eam; Ego sum, qui sum, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Tamaegomet sum rigidus inclytae Tabaccae, satelles, ut existimem herculè ac credam, (me judice) there is not any one simple under the Sun, worthy to stand in Mood and Figure, with this our noble Tobacco, neither yet, in any parallel, or degree of comparison, (yield all due compliments unto it;) neither is there any other herb else (in my conceit) in Orb, aut per Orbem, (all Circumstances observed) whereof, & by which, discreet Physicians may make to themselves, more, or the like gain and commodity be it by fume, infusion, syrup, electuary, or by way of extraction, Experto crede Roberto. And yet by your leave (ne nimium efferam) semper excipio Platonem, I do confess without disparagement unto Tobacco. That there is one transcendent medicine, Supra solemn, most Sovereign in majesty, and powerfarre surpassing this our Tobacco, and all herbs else: Whose praise is in the Prophet saying: Neque herba neque malagina, sed sermo tuus Domine, sanat universa. Sit nomen Domini benedictum. And thus far concerning the word Skill, founded and form upon Reading and Reasoning. Square Demonstration. Practice. Proof. Square consisteth upon four Mathematical dimensions. Motive. Affect. Effect. Rule. Motive, Containeth th'opportunity, occasioning me, to admit it. Affect, Declareth th'infirmities which forced me to frequent it. Effect, showeth th'alterations, strangely performed in me by it. Rule, Setteth down the manner and fashion, how rightly to use it. By the first you see, how dainty I made it before I durst receive it. By the next, you may learn in what plight I was, before I did practise it. By the third, you may understand, how much I am amended, by operation of it. By the last, you may know, how safely and fruit fully to handle it. And here by the way, omnis facessat in aliis invidentia. meipso arrogantia. Enimuero, Etsi, unica hyrundo, non faciat ver; Neque, exparticulari: sit sylogizari: Tamen. One particular true strange experiment, well tried in myself. Instar multorum esto. Give credit, as shall seem to yourselves best, and make trial, as you shall find cause and occasion. Now, whether Tobacco do purge, Electiuè, aut promiscuè, one, or more humours at once, by chance, or by choice, per se, aut per accidens, Qualitate manifesta, aut Virtute occulta, à contrarictate substantiae, aut similitudine naturae: These Questions I leave, as not pertinent ad nostrum institutum, unto the discuss and determination of greater Clerks. And moreover, why some men do affect it, Per sympathian, (ut qui pica laborant) lovingly, and longingly: And why others contrarily, do fly, hate, & abhor it, per antipathian, as the Bird the Kite, the Mouse the Cat, the Bear the Ape, the Lion the Mouse, the Horse and the Bull, Ape and Cat, Pathetically, and maliciously, I wot not. But, myself (I say) without all vagrant affection, do embrace, praise, and recommend it, for that thereby, chiefly, taken by pipe, I have received exopted health, rarely, speedily, and perfectly. Thus to the Square, and first to my Motive, and other reports. Motive. THe first sunday, after Twelftide, now four years past, a certain godly grave preacher, being at my house, and making him ready, that morning, I fortuned to salute him in his chamber, taking a Pipe of Tobacco: who eftsoons, earnestly entreated, and at length with much ado, induced me, to harp upon his instrument, Ad unum usque aut alterum simplicem haustum, whereunto I assented, but disdainfully. Again after a pause, resorting to his Lodging, I happed to find him doing as before: Then he demanded mine opinion of Tobacco. And hearing of no dislike from me, he importuned me most instantly, to try some few sips more, whereunto I yielded, yet very scornfully. Affirming withal nevertheless, that it seemed tolerable, and might prove no less profitable (doubtless) not only, to many others, but to myself especially, (circumstances considered,) I being a Man, lean, feeble, full of defects, and infirmities, full of sleame and rheumatic humidities; if ever it proved profitable for any man under the Cope of Heaven, comparing myself, in that dainty conceit, unto a Mad Dog, (and no better,) whose property is, to shun, flee, and refuse, the fresh running waters, his principal and chiefest comfort. Then, after Service and Sermon done; at dinner time, in company of divers good merry Gentlemen (my friends,) I happed to forget myself a little, in eating and drinking, somewhat beyond my wont measure and manner, expecting nothing more consequent, then due deserved torments, for that same days delight. And at supper, finding myself unfit, I did of purpose abstain, (for it needed not) but yet I conveyed over frankly, and freely, a good cup of sack. Since which my first acceptance of Tobacco, until this instant, I protest I never felt any more of any my former pitiful and painful grievances; And those manifold and dolorous of me, 50. years space, & above, discomfortably endured. And for further testimony hereof, How, in the state of my body, it fared with me many years at Oxford, in the time of Master D. Marbecke, where I continued Multum diúque Valetudinarius, I appeal to his report and others that do know, Quod non mentiar. Thus, and by these motives, became I dealer with Tobacco. Affectus. ABout twelve years of age, by means of a moist shirt, I was suddenly cast in Ptysin, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the phthisic and straightness of breath, with a continual distillation from head to lungs, increasing daily, and hourly more and more: till, in the end, I was constrained to change my study, from Divinity, unto Physic, for health's sake; yet for all mine own painful labours, and all other friendly helps, even of the best learned Physicians in our time, I prevailed not, to any purpose, or effect: So that, I became dwined & pined, & finally, brought to such a pickle of leanenes, and feebleness, throughout all the region and limbs of my body, that I could not ride four mile end-way at any time, but incontinent, I became bedrid for six days space after; insomuch, as I was scarce able to walk over mine own chamber, without some rest, or stay. Neither could I receive any drink at any hand, were it Beer, or Wine, hot or cold, neither yet the very common air at my mouth, but that immediately, I should be forced to cough, reach, strive, strain, and toil myself laboriously, and most lamentably, Ad usque sudorem & dolorem non vulgares. Moreover my meat, by the space of xiv. years next before the taking of Tobacco, commonly never stayed with me much above one quarter of an hour, or an half hour at the most, (and yet I durst not forbear my meat utterly, lest I should have disused Nature:) And then, after a little slumber, at my first lying down, I rejected my supper continually: Insomuch as, I was forced every night in bed, to receive a draft of warm posset Ale, for to lose it with ease. Then moreover, after my first sleep, about 12. or one at midnight, lo, I did usually cough, with every drop of sweat upon my body like a Bell, that even fountains of blood would spring from my nose, and streams, or streikes of blood likewise issued from my lungs Empyematicè, in spitting & straining, together with a shortness of breath, soreness of breast, and a general faintness throughout all the chest, and region of my body and limbs, in such sort, that I did seem unto most men, destitute, and deprived of all earthly comfort. And, as I may speak it, to be Nec animans, nec amans, both lifeless and loveles, fearing and suspecting, not a little, for diverse years together, the utter ruin and decay of all the serviceable parts of office within me; the head, lungs, liver, and such other predominant members. Nevertheless (ut verum fatear) since the first taste of Tobacco, all those formerly most pitiful and painful affections, are vanished and departed from me, miraculously, clearly, and utterly, I praise God: So that from the first day I received this noble Tobacco, until this hour, I never felt any of those former grievances any more, neither yet shall hereafter, I trust, through good guidance. Yea further, will you have me to tell you ingenuè, merrily, and unfeignedly, a truth? Lend me your ears a little while, not long. The first night that I took Tobacco, being demanded upon my waking, how I felt myself; I did directly answer: That me thought my breast was slit, cloven, and divided, (as it were) from throat to navel, and I myself at large happily redeemed from captivity to liberty, from sickness to health, from pains to delight, from continual discouragement, to comfort and consolation: And so it seems to me still, God wottes, Wherefore, Lauda anima mea Dominum, and all that is within me, praise his holy name. Thus, and no otherwise, was I affected. Effectus. Tobacco, in my conceit, doth, not only open and dry, Ratione caliditatis & siccitatis, but also, suapte virtute, doth purge and expel, quicquid noxium, mightily and mainly. To give you an instance or example in myself; In process of weeks, well I wot, it hath forced out of my brains, through the great middle Suture of my skull, at an emunctory, not much above the top of my ears, by times, more yellow, bitter, corrupt, choleric moisture, I am sure, than three gill cups could contain, before it left that course of purging. This humour was the primary and principal occasion (as I take it) of all my former inveterate fluxes and distillations, dropping from the head downward, infecting the leights, and forcing withal, intolerable soreness, phthisic, and many other such inconveniences, of the like grain and grime, sustained of me, by the space of seven and fifty years continual, and more. Now all these accidents notwithstanding, (blessed be God for his mercy, in the means of man's health) even since the very first assay of Tobacco: There hath been, and yet is, quietness in my head, comfort in my stomach, liberty in my lungs, strength and agility in my limbs, (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) perfection in my liver, rest in my bones, and in universa carne mea, sanitas. Finally, all the powers and faculties within me, be they Natural, Vital, or Animal, are so refreshed, and revived, that now being three score and nine years of days complete: my mind and body both, are made apt, nimble, and active (never better erst) for study and travel, fitting and convenient. The Lord be praised. These, and no less were the effects wrought upon me by Tobacco. Rule. AT the first brunt, sending to Durham, for some of this gear, to work withal: two Tobacco pipes miscarried by the way, which might portend aliquod malum, (Nam in primo limit titubare ominosum:) Sending again the second time, I sped: Then Bonis avibus, I entertained Tobacco into request, and made trial of it actively, as followeth. The first week, every day once, I took one pipe only at a time; The second week, every other day, one pipe only a day; The third week, every third day, one pipe only a day: The fourth week, once only, and so forth, weekly, monthly, or quarterly, as occasion. The manner of my usage is thus; being a man lean of constitution and feeble, early in the morning, being made ready, and my throat, lungs and stomach, scoured, by hawking, reaching, coughing, and spitting: Then I take my pipe of Tobacco, sitting close by a warm fire, the space of half an hour and more, until the giddiness and swimming in my head be past, and the medicine also have done it feat: then I use to gargoyle my mouth with a cup of beer, well warmed with a toast. After that I receive a good cup of Sack. By means whereof, Tobacco, being, as it were, revived, nam vinum vires auget, begins afresh sensibly, to visit and salute, head, stomach, breast, fingers, and feet, for a pretty season: And when all those storms, and stowers are overjoyed, then do I feel myself light, and lively unto any competent exercise, forbearing nevertheless, both meat, and common air; keeping also within my chamber some two or three hours at the least, lest I should either hasten appetite too quickly, or else, catch some cold disorderly, all the pores of my body lying open & apt to harm, through the vehemeut operation and force of the foresaid Tobacco. Now, if this be true, as true it is, (et ipse luce clarius) that it is so comfortable to choleric, lean, and spiny men, much more of force must it needs be profitable for gross, fat, and foggy bodies, replete with hydropical humours; so that consequently, I may confidently infer hereupon, that Tobacco, (good order observed) is comfortable and commendable, for most men of any age, degree, constitution, or condition soever; And thus did I use, and yet by times do still use Tobacco, with comfort and commodity. Howbeit, of late, (not to dissemble,) having my whole body, vessels, and frame thereof, sufficiently reform and cleansed, I do of purpose forbear the frequent use of it, lest I should seem to have forgotten what Galen said: scilicet, Sanas carnes habentes: facilè medicina soluuntur. And hereupon, whereas, before I did infer, and aver, that Tobacco is commendable for most men of any age, degree, constitution, or condition soever: I would not be mistaken (for my meaning is, and so my words import) chiefly men and women of riper age, in whom matter may appear to work upon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, adultos ac provectiores, and those either lean, full of humorous superfluities accidental, or else, fat and foggy, having pleuthorica corpora, abounding with gross matters, excrementitiall, apt to putrefaction: But for i'll youths, and such other, having corpora mollia & carnem halienosam, ac spiritum locupletem innatum, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, tender & healthful, I take it not fit, by the sense alleged. Apho: lib: 2. Apho: 36. Now you have heard, and may conceive, in what sort I have unfolded and declared, pro posse, próque viribus, the true construction, and faithful interpretation of my first two capital terms Skill and Square. And that geniculatìm in their subdivision and members Of Reading and Reasoning. Of Motive: Affect: Effect: Rule. distinctly and clearly. Wherein some men perhaps may suppose, that I have satisfied, in some sort, and fully accomplished mine intended purpose, in the setting forth of the Energy, Virtue, and Valour of that worthy and twice redoubted Indian Tobacco: Yet nevertheless, upon review, and further contemplation, me seems I have tripped over, two of the most necessary reports, and reputations belonging to Tobacco, utpote Use. Application. Whereof, the former I find to be four fold. For it is profitable to Reform and rectify what is amiss. Provoke vomit upward. Purge by siege, humours of any combination. Cure wounds of every condition. Uses. First, Taken (by Pipe) in fume, to drain up all superfluous moisture, be it in ventriculo, hepate, cerebro, aut ipso etiam pulmone; or moreover, to open and ease all the sluices, conduits, pipes, and passages, from part to part, in the whole frame and course of man's body, It is most sovereign, and of singular operation. Secondly, Taken for Vomit, it is a present mean, used mausticè 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, being chewed up and down in the mouth, three or four small pieces of Tobacco leaf at one time, one piece after another, until four or five drops thereof be drilled into the stomach: Then, well I wot, there will be anon old tumbling, heaving, reaching, and flinging, whilst all matters offensive be forced thence upward: Albeit it will require your patience. Thirdly, Taken for Purge, a leaf stiept over night in a portion of white Wine or Rhenish, will give a mighty purge, deducing & deriving in short process, humours of any combination and excrements of every condition, Per loca conferentia. Fourthly, Taken for Cure, the only ashes thereof are profitable, and in most use (no doubt) for green wounds, ulcers, and old sores of all sorts. These are the four principal ends and uses of Tobacco. And, as the Use, so is the Application of Tobacco. First, when you take it by Pipe, mine advice is, that you put into your box of prepared powder, one grain at the least, of the oil of Anniseedes, it will give your powder a marvelous grace, and comfortable, both to the smell, and taste, of the taker, not only pleasant and delectable, but also profitable and commendable, especially to the daintier sort. Secondly, when you use it for Vomit, do not, in any case, abridge, or restrain, the violent operation thereof, by apposition of any dilatory mixture: But, suffer it to express it own force in action, secundùm libitum suum, & vim innatam, for the more effectual and speedier dispatch, of a surcharged stomach, by reiectation. Thirdly, when you intent to Purge, omit not, forget not, it will be very expedient, and no less convenient, for you, and every man of every condition, the night before you take it, to infuse together with your tobacco's leaf in white wine, or other liquor, some pretty portion of Cinnamon, Ginger, and Nutmegs bruised, with two or three cheires of whole Mace: And (if you list) of Liquorice and Anniseedes likewise bruised, a small quantity. These things are verè carminativa, cordial, & Alexipharmaca, and will make your Tobacco to become medicamentum benedictum. Fourthly, When you apply it for Cure of wounds, you must remember to reserve the burnt ashes remaining in your tobacco's pipe. Of the same, sprinkle into your green wound, ulcer, or sore, and you shall see it perform strange and admirable effects (as it were) unum idémque, drying, cleansing, filling, and reforming the part and place affected, as shall appertain. Many men do diversly report wonderful effects, in this behalf, brought to pass, only by the virtue and operation of Tobacco. And some pretty helps (I confess) at home, have I also seen thereby, to no small ease of diverse, encouragement to others, and tending chiefly to the inestimable praise of God, the Author of all gnod: Wherefore I will conclude with this Epiphonoema, Omnis spiritus laudet Dominum. Let every thing that hath breath, praise the Lord. THus much then, finally, and aphoristicè, for conclusion of mine own experience and knowledge, in the trial of tobacco's virtue, not minding hereby, any way to offend, prejudice, or interrupt my superiors; But rather algates, by all my best means, to forewarn, and exhort, all followers and favourites of Tobacco, to remember, Ne quid nimis, and circumspectly to foresee, Ne quid temerè attentetur aliquando; and that due circumstances regarded, every thing may rightly be ordered and marshaled, by skilful direction of the learned, lest haply, unhappily, through men's rash and inconsiderate usage thereof, they themselves (sua ipsorum culpa) catch Copper for Coin, and, instead of vain hoped for help, some due deserved harm. * ⁎ * FINIS