¶ Imprinted at London in Paul's church yard, at the sign of the maidens head by Thomas Petyt. M.D.XLj. ¶ The Antidotharius, in the which thou mayst learn how thou shalt make many, and divers noble plasters salves, ointment, powders, hawmes, oyfes, and wound drinks, the which be very necessary, and behoveful, utile, and profitable, for every Surgyan, therein to be expert, and ready at all times of need. printer's device of Robert Wyer, featuring John the Evangelist (McKerrow 70) ¶ Gracia dei, like as master Peter de Argelata, set in the book of the flesh making medicines. TAke white rosin, white wax Arimoniacum of each xii ounces, turpentine vi ounces, Galbanum, Olibanum, Mastycke, clear good wine, of each an ounce, Aristologia rotunda half an ounce. And weak of this that is need to weak in wine: therein is sodden Betonia, Veibena, Consolida maior, & minor, Sentoria, Pimpinella, Saint Iohnns herb, or Ipericon, Storks bylle, or herba Rubea in latin, of each an handful, & all this parcels ye shall set in the wine till the wine be almost consumed, & after make it with woman's milk, as it belongeth, this plaster causeth the flesh to grow and healeth, and it is comen for all wounds and fractures of the bones. And the surgeons that now be praiseth it moche. ¶ To make a green wounded plaster. THe good green wounded plaster that the new surgeons occupy, that healeth all fresh wounds without tents, and it is a mundificatluum, a conglutinatiwm, and a consolidatiuum. And this plaster is of many and divers manners of soundrye masters maid, some take moche rosin, and little wax. Some moche wax, and little rosin, and some take wax & rosin alike moche, and some take no rosin at all. Therefore ye shall know as ye will that this same plaster shall more heal than cleanse, like as it is nedesy in the wound of the heed, & in a simple wound, there as no substance is lost. If that ye take more wax in weight so moche the lesser take of rosin in weight, & let them twain every time in his weight, & as ye will that it cleanse more taking to her the matter, like as a deep stitched wound which maketh moche matter, than shall you take more rosin than wax, as ye have said. If ye will that the plaster shall make flesh to grow, and shall serve to all wounds, which somewhat hath lost of his substance, than take rosin, and wax of each alike moche, or if ye will that it make the skin, and that the wound should close, than take wax alone and no rosin, and as in this plaster is moche rosin, and little wax, than it is called a mundificatiuum, and attractiwm, that is cleansing, and drawing out the matter, if there be therein moche wax and lyter rosin, than it is called congfutinatiwm, that is together leaving and closing of the wound. And if there be therein wax and rosin like moche: than it is called incarnatiuum that is flesh making in the wound. Or if there be therein wax & no rosin, than it is called consolidatiuum, that is healing and skin making. And this plaster is made thus. ¶ Take resine de pino, that is white rosin, Maiden wax, of each two pound, and that rosin which is clear as turpentyn, Dear suet of each xii ounces, greeks pitch viii ounces, sarcocol small & great of each iii ounces, turpentine talfe a pound, mastic, white Frankincense of each four ounces, Dragantum, Gommi Arabici, Galbanum, Armoniacum of each one ounce and a half. Storacis calamity ii ounces, Storacie liquid. iiii. ounces. And take the sap of these herbs that ye can get, winter green small & great or Pirola magoret minor, Sanicle, or Diarensta in latin, Syndawe, Veronica maior et minor, or herba Saracenica, herba Solsequii, Consolida minor, Moderworte, or Arthemesia in latin, Planeayne small & great, Betonia, Agremonia, Farraria, Matrisilua, Balderion, jarrowe, or Cerifolium in latin, Sage or Saluia in latin, Vervena, Mousere, waltrote or Ambora, of these herbs take sap ix pound and no less, but rather more, because to each pound of the substance of this plaster belongeth full iii pound sappes. That sap, white rosin, wax, Hearts suet, and rosin, and Colofonia, ye shall seethe in a kettyll over the fire, without flame or smoke till two parts thereof be consumed, than do therein Turpentyn. But the gums as Dragantum, Gommi Arabici, Galbanum, Armoniacum. This shall be first steeped one night in vinegar of Roses, and as it is sudden a walm or iii than shall ye the other gums make in powder, & do it therein and let it seethe again ii or iii walmes, and at the last do therein Storax liquida, & Calamita, if ye will have better smelling, than do thereto Bemesym or Barotus iii ounces. And if ye will have it very well smelling than do thereto ii or iii ounces of oil of spick, than strain it through a cloth, & let it stand a night, the next day cut this salve in four pieces, and than take it out of the kettle, and make thereof rolls with fresh oil of Roses, if ye will have this plaster fair green than do thereto the sap of Nyghtshawe, or Solatri in latin, and sap of Eldre, and Celidonia of each iii pound therewith let the salve seth again. but not long, the longer it doth seth the paler it waxeth. But these herbs be not so wholesome as the other be, nevertheless some masters doth this sap therein, and they know not what virtue and power they have. The night shaw cooleth and softeth, so doth the Elder also, and Celidonia cleanseth, therefore as ye put in this salve much rosin, so may ye the better this same sap do thereto, and ii or iii ounces of Myrra, than cleanse it the more. Never can come a good consolidatiuum without a mundificatiuum, for that mundificatiuum is the key of the incarnatiuum and consolidatiuum. ¶ For to make an Apostolicum salve, after the Antidothario Nicholai. TAke Litargirium xii ounces, Greeks pitch, red wax, of each four ounces, Oaken mystyndyn, with wax of each ii ounces, Armoniacum, magnet stone, which is called the loadstone of each an ounce and a half, Sarcocolle, Squama eris, Dyptan and Aristologia longa, Spaynysshe green, Appoponatum of each iii dragmas, white Frankincense, mastic of each ii ounces, Tutpentyne, Galbanum, Bdelium, Myrra, brent Coper of each iii dragma, that litagirium shall ye stamp in powder, and thereto do viii ounces of oil olive, and let it seth together on the fire that it be thick as wax, and that shall ye drop on a stone in a proof. Than do thereto the turpentine, the white and red wax as that is melted. Than do therein the Galbanum, Appoponatum, Bdellium: Sarcocolle weked one night in vinegar sudden & strained, & than put it therein together and than take it from the fire and do therein the gums. And as it be warm, than shall ye do therein all the other parcels, the one after the other made in powder, and stir it till it be cold, and than may ye make it in rolls. ¶ Of the Exicrocium plaster writeth Nicolaus in his Antidothario, and this is needful to every good surgeon. TAke Saffran, ship Pitch strained, Greeks pitch, new wax of each viii ounces, turpentine, Galbanum, Armoniacum, Myrrh, mastic, white Frankincense, of each ii ounces & iii drams. This plaster make thus, melt the wax, ship Pitch, Greeks pitch, turpentine. And melt it together, when that is melted do therein galbanum, Armoniacum, one night steeped in vinegar, sodden and strained and do it therein. Then shall ye seth it again till the Vinegar be consumed, and stir it well together, and than do therein the other parcels made in powder, and stir it till it begin to wax cold, than cast it upon a cold stone, and ye shall anoint the stone first with oil of bay leaves (or olio Lauri in latin) and than work the Saffran therein, and when ye have so done, than may ye make rolls of it. ¶ Make this Diaquison plaster after the Antidothario Mesue. TAke Litargerium xxiiii ounces, oil of blue lylles, oil of camomile, oil of Dell, or Anetum in latin of each xiii ounces: Lynsedes sleme, Fenegrekes sleme, high mallow roots sleme, sleme of Fyxe, sap of Yrios, sap of Mersybelen, the grease sudden of the will that hangeth between the feggꝭ of the sheep, bird syme (or viscus querci in latin) of each xxv ounces, turpentine vi. ounces, white rosin, yellow wax of each four ounces, take Litargirium and make it in powder, and dress it with the oil sleme and grease, that it be thick as wax as it is dropped upon a stone, than do thereto that wax, rosin, turpentine, and as it is melted together, than stir it together till it be cold, and thereof make rolls with the oil of white Lilies. ¶ To make a sear cloth plaster good for all members that is out of the joint, and the consuming membres, or which is grieved with cold moistness: that consumeth, and bringeth the member again in his right power. TAke wax vi ounces: rosin iii ounces, mastic ii ounces, armoniacum, galbanum, white Frankincense of each an ounce and a half, oil of Bybergeylle (or olinin Castorii in latin, oil of Camomile of each an ounce, Fenegreke meal, meal of wormwood, meal of Combarte, cumin, meal of camomile flowers, make all this in small powder of each a dragma, vinegar .v. or vi oilcꝭ meli the rosin, wax, & the oil together, than do therein the galbanum, & armoniacum steped in vinegar & strain it, and at the last do to the other parcels, that is made in small powder, & stir it well together till it be cold. ¶ To make a good jews' plaster to fresh wounds. TAke white wax four pound, Rasino de Pino, that is white rosin, turpentine of each ii pound, oil of Roses one pound, mastic, white frankincense, myrra of each ii ounces, fresh leaves of Roses four ounces, red wine one measure of three pound, of all these herbs take that ye may get, winter green, or Pirola in latin, Syndowe, Diapensia, waltmaster, or Matrisisua in latin, herba serasenica, herba tunici, herba solsequii, betonia, consolida minor, furnus terre, plantain great and small, storks bill, or herba Rubea in latin, Valeriana, of each a like moche, till ye have enough, and good wine, till ye have enough, stamp the herbs, and threst thereout the sap, & put the wine on the herbs that they may become well moisty with the wine, and let it well seethe with the aforesaid wine. Than strain it through a cloth, than do the sap & the wine in a kettle therein do the wax, turpentine, rosin, & oil, than shall you seethe the Roses with the red wine until it give a blue flame, than strain it through a cloth, and do it also in the kettle, and let it seth altogether .v. or vi hours long, than take two from the fire, and let it be cold, & the next day melt it again, and do therein the mastic, Frankincense, & Myrrh, made all in powder, and do it in the kettle, and let it seethe together a walm, or twain, & than take it of from the fire, and let it be cold, than ye have a right jews' plaster that all wounds healeth without tents. ¶ Emplastrum Attractiwm, that is mundificatiuum, that is to say, a drawing plaster, the draweth to him the matter, and all uncleanness of the impostumation, ulceration, and swearing & of all unclean wounds. TAke white rosin a pound, maiden wax half a pound, hearts suet viii ounces, turpentine four ounces, Sarcocolle ii ounces, mastic, white Frankincense of each an ounce, Myrra, Aloe, Succrotini of each half an ounce, melt that wax, rosin, and the Hearts suet together, and strain it through a cloth, than do thereto the turpentyoe, and the other parcels in powder and oil of roses ii ounces, stir this together till it be cold, will ye have this red than do there in sinopre in powder, if ye will have it fair yellow, than do therein a dragma of saffron in powder, if ye will have it green, so seethe sap of the herbs therewith, thereof is said afore in the green plaster. ¶ A plaster that draweth out arrow hedes, habergoynes, maylles, and all that of iron is in the man's body. TAke apostolicum Nicolai aforesaid two ounce, magnet stone of Orient, that hath his power half an ounce, Hares grease, Hempsede oil, of each half an ounce, whyts Diptum a dragma melt that grease, and the oil softly together, & do the other parcels therein, that is made in powder, and stir it together till it be cold. ¶ A plaster to take out thorns, splyntꝭ, glass, bones, and other like things, that is in man's body. TAke Diaquilon plaster out of this antidothario iii ounces, magnet stone half an ounce, the rote of Polipodium, the root of white Dyptan, the rote of Rethe, called in latin Arundo, of each a dragma and an half, Hares grease an ounce and an half, oil of Hempsede an ounce, hereof make a plaster as is aforesaid. ¶ A soft plaster that cleanseth all foul wounds that is old, they that hath rotten flesh or maketh moche matter, & is called mundificatinun de apium, this hath occupied wilhelmus, Lancfrancus, Henricus de monte villa, Guido & all surgeons of Paris. TAke sap of A pium ii ounces Barley, or wheat meal iii ounces, that shall ye seethe with a soft fire, till it be thick like a soft plaster, & as ye do thereto sap of wormwood, it will let no fystyll come in the wound, and the wound about frete not himself like the kancker, or if the wound have any hotness, than shall ye do thereto sap of plantain, or sap of Cresula, and ye do thereto facinam, Fini greci, or Ferinam Cupinorum, that cutteth more stronger with drying, as Theodoriens and Brunus sayeth. ¶ The manner how ye shall make salves, and ointments, very needful to all surgyans. AVreum unguentum after the Antidothario Mesue, that all fresh wounds filleth with flesh, and healeth. ¶ Take yellow wax xii ounces, good oil of olive a pound and an half, turpentine four ounces, greeks pitch, white rosin of each .v. ounces, white Frankincense, mastic of each ii ounces, saffron a dragma, melt the wax and Oil with the Greeks pitch together, & afterward do therein turpentine, and set it then from the fire, and make the other parselles in powder, and do this therein at the half cooling, and stir it than well till it be cold. ¶ Auicenna saith unguentum apostolocum cleanseth a fistule, maketh it right good, and cleanseth all corrupt wounds of the rotten flesh without pain, & maketh that the flesh may grow. TAke white rosin, white wax of each an ounce, appoponatis, spanish green of each half an ounce, Armoniaci, mastic, myrt, Galbani, of each an ounce, Aristologie longa, white Frankincense of each an ounce and an half, Litargirium, Bdellii ix drams. Oil olive in the summer a pound and a half, and in the winter two. pound: stepe this in vinegar iii days long, as is the galbanum, armoniacum, Bdellium, than shall you melt & seethe it, than do therein the rosin & wax. And as it is melted than do thereto the oil & turpentine: & than do therein the other ꝓcelles made in powder. ¶ To make a white salve after the Antidothario Nicolai. TAke white Lead four ounces, Liturgirium ii ounces, white Frankincense three drams, mastic ii drams, each parcels make in powder by himself, and meddle the white Lead with a little oil, and do thereto Litargirium, thereafter mastic and Frankincense, and do stir it with a pestle oft times, and at each time do therein a lytest rose water, when it beginneth to thick put more oil thereto, & to each time a little rose water, and do it so long that it be neither too thick nor to thin. ¶ To make this white salve said Rasis, & called her unguentum album conferatum. TAke of oil olive a pound and a half, stamp white Lead a pound, white way half a pound, Camphor iii drams iii yolks of eggs. This shall ye stamp together in a mortar, and in the least do therein Camphor in powder. ¶ Basilicon magnum Mesue set in his Antidothario, & is a great helper to the wounds there heat is in, and above all in the wounds of the sinews, and doth cleanse, and cause to grow flesh. ANd if you will make this salve after Mesue. Take white rosin, white wax, Tallow of an ox, black pitch, bird lime, Myrrh, of each iii ounce, oil olive that there be enough thereof, make a salve as thereto belongeth. ¶ This salve Dialthea make after the Antidothario Nicolai. TAke high mallow roots two pound, linseed, Fenygreke, of each a pound, Squelle half a pound, ye shall wash it well, then shall ye take the roots of linseed, Fenygreke, Squelle, stamp it and lay it in four pound of water iii days long, & on the four day set it on the fire, & let it seethe till it begin to wax thick, and do it by little and little in a linen bag, and as ye will wring it out, & than do thereto a little hot water, that the slime well may come out, and of the slime take iii pound. And do thereto, oil olive four pound, than let it seth till the slime consumeth, than do therein wax a pound, and as that is melted do therein turpentine, Galbanum, Gumi edere, of each iiii ounces. In the least do therein Grestes pitch, or Colofonie in latin, rosin, of each a pound. And when it waxeth cold, than do it lightly out. ¶ unguentum defensiuum, & repercussiwm, occupieth commonly all masters to all wounds & bones, and impostumations it restraineth & defendeth that no swearing nor swelling, nor impostume cometh to wounds or fracturs of the bones, as the member be anointed therewith round about. TAke Rose oil four ounces, Bolus at menus ii ounces. Tarra sigillata, vinegar, of each an ounce, camphor a dram, Nyghtshawe, or Solatrum in latin, Howslyke, of each an handful and stamp it and threst well out the sap, and mingle it together cold like a white salve. ¶ unguentum egipciacum, learneth Galenus, Rasis Albucasis, & is sore occupied now in this time of the surgeons, it cleanseth softly & taketh away all uncleanness. TAke Honey a pound, Vinegar half a pound, spanish green ii ounces, Alum an ounce. This shall you seth all together on the fire till it be reed. And this salve taketh three manners of colours in his seething, if it is sudden but a little, it seemeth green, is it sudden well it seemeth reed, is it sudden to much than it seemeth black. ¶ unguentum fuscum doth flesh to grow, & cleanseth and healeth. ALso take oil olive a pound, & four ounces wax viii ounces, Greeks pitch, Ship pitch, white rosin of each four ounces, mastic, Galbanum, white Frankincense turpentine, Myrra, of each ii ounces, Appoponatum, Armoniacum, of each an ounce, melt the Oil and the wax in a pan. And then put therein the Ship pitch and the Greeks pitch, and when it is melted strain it through a cloth, and step the Gums in vinegar and soften them so, and strain it through a cloth, and put it therein and at the last put therein the other gums in powder, and the turpentine, and stir it together till it be cold. ¶ Now a days the barber's maketh contrary unguentum Popule on Nicolai, and otherwise then it should be, for sometime they put butter, sometime herbs that healeth, and they lay the salve with lint in the wound, and that is contrary unto the powder of the Popular salve, for the nature of them is for to coal, and to take the pain away, therefore it ought not to be made none otherwise than is hereafter following. TAke Popular buds a pound and an half, Hogs grease four pound, and stamp them together, and let it stand till ye may have these herbs hereafter following. Folia Papaveris nigri, Bramble leaves of the first budding, Dolerote leaves, or folia de Vua versa, Bilsem leaves, or folia jusquiani, Nyghtshawe leaves, or folia Solatri, folia de Satirion, Muerpepper leaves, or Crassula in latin, lettuce leaves, Vyolette feves, Houseleke, great Burr leaves, or Lapatium in latin, Grounswel leaves, of each vi ounces. And stamp these herbs together with Hogs grease, and with the buds of Populen, and let it stand the space of viii days, and than put thereto wine iii pound. Than seth it in a kettle till the wine be sodden away, & than strain it through a cloth. ¶ For to make a salve that causeth in all complexions flesh to grow in fresh wounds. TAke white frankincense, mastic, aloe paticum, Greeks pitch, Aristologia adusta, yreos, sarcocolle: of each alike moche and thereof make a salve with oil & wax. ¶ A salve that causeth flesh to grow in the wounds of young persons. ANd if ye will make this same salve, Take turpentine which is not washed ii ounces, Rose honey a dragma, the yolk of an egg, oil olive, & wax, and look that there he stuff enough, and than ye shall make thereof a salve. ¶ A salve that cleanseth the wounds of young children, and causeth the flesh to grow. TAke white turpentine, which is not washed four ounces. The yolk of an egg, and a little Barley meal, and make thereof a salve. ¶ A salve that cleanseth and causeth the flesh to grow in dry complexions. IF ye will make this salve, taste ship pitch well washed in good lie vi ounces, reed honey ii ounces, spanish green half a dragma, The yolk of an egg, barley meal enough, and make thereof a salve. ¶ An other salve that causeth the flesh to grow in all manner of fresh woundres. TAke turpentine four ounces, Honey half an ounce, powder of the bark of white Frankincense a dragma, Saffran the third part of a dragma, & take enough of oil of roses & wax, & make thereof a salve. ¶ A salve which cleanseth the matter, and causeth flesh to grow. FOr to make this salve: take turpentine, honey of Roses strained, of each iiii. ounce. Myrrh, Sarcocolle, of each three drams, Barley meal an ounce. The yolk of an egg, and half a dragma of Saffran. And meddle them together: and set it on the fire and stir it well, and when that it is lukewarm, put thereto the yolk of an egg. ¶ A salve that causeth the wound to give matter. FOr to make this salve, take turpentine iii ounces, Hearts grease, or the marrow of an heart ii ounces, oil of Roses an ounce, white frankincense half an ounce. ¶ A salve that causeth matter to come in fresh wounds shortly after it is laid therein. IF ye will make this take Turpentyn iiii. ounces, oil of Roses, and wax, of each ii ounces. Melt these together, and as ye will occupy it, make it a little warm and lay it with lint upon the wound, and it will soon give matter. ¶ An other salve for a fresh wound that maketh matter. TO make this salve take Hearts grease, turpentine, of each four ounces, oil of Roses, white Frankincense, Mastycke, of each an ounce. ¶ To make a salve for a member that hath been out of the joint, or that hath been wounded, & after the healing the joint can not be bowed. LAnfrancus hath taken this salve out of the book of Rasis, but he hath amended it. And he took old swines grease vi ounces, Ducks grease, Goose grease, Hens grease, of each ii ounces, old oil olive viii. ounces, fenygreke meal, fynsede meal, of each ii ounces, bdellii, oppoponatis, mastycke, Frankincense of each an ounce. The gums ye shall weet in wine, and afterward ye shall meddle it with oil & grease. And put thereto a little wax and turpentine, and than put therein the other hard gums made in powder, & stir it together till it be cold ¶ Hereafter followeth the manner to make powders necessary for surgeons. A Reed powder that drieth sore and maketh that none evil flesh grow in the wound. ¶ Take the mother of Pearl, Burnet, Pompolix, Litargirium, Bolus armenus, Terra sigillata, Dragon's blood, Erugo eris of each an ounce, Canfere a dragma. And stamp them together, and make a fair powder. ¶ For to make a reed powder for all wounds, and fistules cleansing from evil flesh, good for wounds of the heed. TAke Greeks pitch iii ounces, walte roots, or Ambora in latin, Ematicis, Mumie, Dragon's blood, of each an ounce, mastic, white Frankincense of each half an ounce. And make thereof a powder, and ye may occupy this powder without harm, though the brain lie bare, this powder ye shall straw upon lint dipped in wine, and lay that thereupon. ¶ And if you will make a reed powder to stop blood, and in the wound maketh flesh to grow. TAke dragons blood, white frankincense, A lo paticum, sarcocol of each an ounce preos half an ounce, & make thereof a powder. ¶ A soft powder which taketh out of the wound, the superfluity of evil flesh, as Canfrancus sayeth. ANd if ye wis make the same powder. Take Hermadacteli, Aristologia rotunda, of each an ounce, spanish green half an ounce, and make thereof a powder. ¶ A reed powder which is profitable to the seem of the wound, and holdeth the lips fast together and stoppeth the blood, and healeth the wound (as Albucasis and Lanfrancus writeth) but for the unflecked lime. Guydo taketh so moche Bosus armenus, And Haly abbess taketh so moche Sandali. And I take so moche lime of egg shells that is washed and dried again. TAke white Frankincense ii ounces, Dragon's blood, and unslacked lime, of each an ounce (and Guydo sayeth) Take for the lime Bosus arinenne an ounce And Haly abbess sayeth, take Sandasy an ounce. And after my learning take an ounce of the lime of egg shells, and thereof make a powder. ¶ Wilhelmus de Saliceth maketh another powder to lay on the same that is very good, and that liketh me well. ANd if you will make the same powder so: take Dragon's blood, Dragagantum, Gummi arabici, of each an ounce, And thereof make a powder. ¶ A proved powder, for stopping of blood that the lombards surgeons occupieth, & this powder stoppeth the blood, and healeth also. FOr to make the same powder take dragon blood, Bolus armenus, Terre sigillate, of each an ounce, Psidie, Pomegarnade flowers, Accacia ipoquiscidos, Cypress nots of each an ounce, Numye, mastic, Frankincense with the bark of each ii drams, Man's blood brent an ounce, wattꝭ here brent iii drams & make thereof a powder ¶ For to make a powder, which stoppeth blood. TAke Cathapladis, Egg shells that the Chekyns be come out of or moss growing upon deed men's heads, or graves in the church yard, small brenning Nettyls of each alike much dried, & made in powder ¶ A powder that drieth, healeth, and maketh skin, & restraineth the matter. FOr to make this powder, take Aloe paticum, Sarcocolle, of each ii ounces Dragons blood, the bark of Frankincense, round holle rotes, or Aristologia rotunda in latin, Casmey preparati, ye of our lady of each half an ounce, Pomegarnade flowers, Balaustie, Psidii, Tutie preparate, Erugo eris, Cypress nots, of each a dragma, Linen cloth burned, half a dragma, & make all these together in a powder. ¶ Hereafter followeth the manner for to make Oils, which be needful to the Surgyans. OLium Camomille is needful unto the Surgyan, for it resosueth the matter, and also it tasteth away the pain. ¶ And for to make the same oil, take Camamell flowers in the month of june a pound, oil olive strained iii pound. And put them together in a glass, & set it in the Son xiiii days, than strain it, and put therein again a pound of fresh Camamell flowers, and set it again in the Son xl of the dismol days & than strain it again. ¶ Oleum benedictum, that is the best Oil to warm the cold membres, wherein the marrow is become cold within the bone, and this oil stoppeth the glittering water and heateth fresh wounds, the fistules, the cankers and drieth the running sores, & thus with great dyfygence, and good understanding ye must make this oil. TAke oil olive a pound, turpentine, oil Laure of each half a pound, Cinnamon iii ounces, Clowes ii ounces, Euforbii, Galbani, Bay leaves, gommi edere, armoniaci, appoponatis of each an ounce, Laudani viii ounces, white frankincense, Castory, Spicinardi, Lignum a so's, of each half an ounce. Make all this in powder, and melt the other, and put thereto fresh tile stones stamped in powder brenning hot a pound, dystyle it per alembicum, and so it will give or yield iii manner of lycoures. The first it giveth water, the second time it giveth oil, and the third time it giveth liquor, like a balm, and keep each of them by himself. ¶ The most best balm artificial to serve to all fresh wounds shall be made thus. TAke Lignum aloes ii ounces, Oppoponatum, Refini de pino, Bdellii, Galbani, Armoniaci, Masticis, Sarcocolle, Gommi, Elempi, Olibani, Myrte, Bensium, Olium lauri, Olium benedictum, Laudani of each iii ounces, Carpobalsami, Xilobalsami, appobalsami, in his place may be taken Olium balsami, of each an ounce, Sanguinis draconis half an ounce, Castorii, Spicinardi, Galganti, Cubebe, Maces, Sinamomis, Cardemumel, Grane paradisi Corticis cyrci, of each a dragma, Olu turpentini, as much in weight as of all the other aforesaid, & distill it peralembicum. This balm healeth fresh wounds, and stoppeth shortly the glittering water in the joints, if it be well made. ¶ An other very good balm, which serveth for all manner of fresh wounds. TO make this balm, take Olibant, Armoniaci, Storacis calimite, Stotacis liquid, of each four ounces, Masticis, Colosonie, Dragaganti, Gommiarabici, Eommibdellii, Gommi elempi, of each ii ounces, Myrrh, Euforbii, of each half an ounce, Eommi edere, Serapini, Gommi ficuum, Oppoponatis, Bensium which is Gommi cedri, Visci querci, Gumi, & not the tree, Sanguinis draconis, Aloepatici, Mumie, Xilobalsami, Carpobalsami, Boracis, Verticis, of each an ounce, laudani mundati iii ounces. Oliis rosarum ii pound, Oliis laurini, Turpentini rubii, of each a pound, Oliis masticis oil of Camamyll, of each half a pound, And of the foresaid balm, juniper oil, Bramble oil, oil of vyolettꝭ, of each viii ounces, The soft gums wet in vinegar. And the other make them in powder, than shall you seth this all together in Balneum marry, & as you see that the gums will sit on the ground of the glass, than it is sudden enough, and if you will have the natural colour of the balm, ye shall put therein half an ounce of Saffran of orient stamped, for that causeth the flesh to grow. Also if ye will have it seem fair & green, than put therein spanish grenl iii ounces grounden small. And at the last put therein the turpentine, and oleum Turpentini. ¶ Oil of Castory the which is much profitable and needful for a surgeon. TAke oil Osyne vii ounces, Castory, three ounces, ye shall put all these together in a pot and seth it in Balneum marry iii hours long, & than keep it well in a glass. ¶ Oil of lilies is also necessary for the Surgyan. ANd if ye will make the oil of lilies. Take oil olive .v. pound, white Lyly leaves a pound, Rose leaves half a pound, mastic four ounces, Saffran ii ounces. And the mastic must be made in powder put them all together in a glass, and set it in the son the space of ix days, and on the ten day ye shall seethe it in Balneun marry, and than strain it, or else take oil olive xii ounces, white lily leaves four ounces, and make it as is aforesaid. ¶ Olyum masticis must be made thus. TAke mastic vi ounces. Oleum sisamini xviii ounces. And ye shall seth them in Balneum marry so long till the third part be consumed. Or else make it thus, take oil of Roses xxiiii ounces, mastic vi ounces well smelling half a pound, and seth them in Balneum marry till the wine be consumed. ¶ Oleum Nenufarie. ¶ This oil is to the surgeons most prefytable, for it cooleth the persons, & it must be made in likewise, as the oil of Camomile is. And in the stead of Camamyll, take white see flowers, which herb hath broad leaves swimming upon the water, and it is called flores Nenufaris in latin. ¶ Oil of Roses without which oil no surgeon may be, and it must be made in this manner as hereafter followeth. TAke the sap of dust, or Origani in latin, & water that Roses be sudden in, of each a pound, oleum sisamini washed, or take oil olive the grenest that ye can get iii pound. Leves of Roses a pound, and put them together in a glass, & set it in the son the space of xiiii days, than shall ye seth it in Balneum marry till the sap and the water be consumed, and than afterward strain it, and put therein again as much water of Roses and sap as is before rehearsed, and set it again in the son other xiiii days, and than seth it again in Balneum marry as is before said, than strain it and set it in the son, again, and let it stand there the space of xl days. ¶ Oil of elder, or oil of Vygelet, or any other oils made of flowree, they must be made thus, as herhafter followeth. TAke the flowers, or the herbs a pound, oil olive iii pound. And put it in a glass, and set it in the Son the space of xl days, than ye shall seth it in Balneum marry, and than strain it and threst it out, and the oil of Elder shall stand in the son but iii deyes, or else it will be corrupt. ¶ Hereafter followeth the manner for to make a drink for all wounds, and it is needful for a Surgyan. A Drink for all wounds and as a person is stricken through the body, which Drink helpeth him inwardly without powder or other thing, nevertheless it is good to lay on the wound a green wounded plaster, for it cleanseth the wound and this drink shall be made thus. TAke ivy leaves or Edere arboria growing on an oaken tree four ounces, winter green small and great or Pirola in tatyn, sanicle or Diapensia in latin, syndawe, herba Fortis, or Veronica, of each ii ounces, herba Solsequiian ounce, chop all these herbs small together and put them in a pewter pot, and put thereto four pound and an half of the best wine, & a pound and an half of water, & ye shall fethe them in Balneum marry four hours long without taking of the lid of the pot, than on the morrow after put thereto viii ounces of Sugar. If the wound be in the head, than put thereto Beton ye ii ounces, Sage an ounce, Lafendell half an ounce. And if the wound be in the breast, than put thereto Lycores ii ounces. Polipodium an ounce, hyssop half an ounce, and if the patient feeble sore, than put thereto bugloss flowers, borage flowers of each an ounce. Roses half an ounce, than if the patient have great here put thereto violets ii ounces. Flores nenufaris half an ounce, if the wound be on the left side, than do thereto liverwort an ounce. Matrisilua half an ounce, also if ye have no going to the drought than it is needful to put thereto Seen leaves, Cassie fistule, of each ii ounces. And if he be deep wounded, than put thereto Celidoni rotꝭ four ounces, & give it him to drink at morning, at none, and at evening, & at every time four ounces. ¶ An other good drink for a wound which is of truth & hath been proved. THis drink is given for the wound that is not deadly, and driveth out of the wound all corruptions within xiii days, & afterward it healeth the wound. And thus this drink must be made. Take reed Coles, Parsely seed, Abrotanum, Tanasetum, Strawberry leaves, leaves of Rubetinctorum, herba Tuberti, plantain great and small, Appe leaves, or folia apii, Hemp sede, and seth all thief together in wine, and put thereto a lytellhunny, and thereof shall the patient drink evening & morning, and at every time four ounces, & wash the wound therewith, & lay a reed coal left thereupon. ¶ An other drink that is good for a wound. TAke Pimpinella, Sanicle, or Diarenia in latin, walte rote, or ambrosia, Agrimonia, hyssop, tanascetum great, plantain, Strawberye leaves, of each an handful, and seth them in wine, or in water, & put thereto a little vinegar & honey, this Drink cureth, or healeth the wound by himself. ¶ An other drink for a wound. TAke herba Sarasenica, fyndaw, Diarentia, of each xii ounces, winter green, or Pirola in latin, Strawberry leaves of each vi ounces, Centimorbium, Agrimonia, Betonica, reed motherwort, or Artimusia rubea of each four ounces, Ambrosia, Pimpinella, Repontica, Ground worms, yarrow, or Milefolium, of each four ounces, Mumic powder four ounces, clear honey a pound and an half, and take thereto vi pound of good white wine, and chop small these foresaid herbs, than mingle them with the wine and honey, and put it into a great pot and cover it with a lid of tree, and close the pot with clay, and make above in the lid a little hole that it may have air out, and it shall seethe till the third part be consumed, and than give the patient thereof to drink at morning, and at evening a spoonful, and it shall hele him, this drink ye shall keep in a pewter pot, or in a close vessel. ¶ A drink that driveth out the engyled blood through the urine. TAke Syndawe, Fenell, small Sauge, parsley of each an handful, hyssop, Fenel sede, Anne's seed, the rote of Mandragora of each ii ounces. And ye shall seth them together in ii pound of water, & give the patient thereof to drink. ¶ An other drink for the same. TAke Celidonia, Permacete, Stercus de muris, and make thereof a powder, take the rote of great Tasyl, & small Sauge leaves, of each an handful, & seth it in good white wine till the third part be consumed, than take a little glass full of the same drink, and take of the foresaid powder to the quantity of iii Hasyll nuts & meddle them together, & if ye will have it stronger, take chervil water, Cycoria water of each two ounces, Stercus de muris a little meddle it all together, & give the patient to drink. ¶ An other costly drink, for a wound. TAke winter green, or pirola, syndaw Matrisilua, musore, water cresses, or Genacium in latin, Brunella, small plantain, of each an handful, herba Grace, motherwort, Celidonia, of each ii handful, herba Sarasenica an handful & an half, sanicle, or Diarentia in latin, Herba tunici of each an handful, small Sauge half an handful, Serpentina with diptan or Diptanum album in latin, of each ii ounces, Castory, Mumie, reed Myrrh, wormwood, or Absintium in latin of each half an ounce, put all these together in a pot with good white wine, and cover the pot with a lid & close the lid with Doughe, and in the lid make a small hole, and stop it with a tap of wood, and let it seth till the third part be consumed, and draw the tap sometime out that ye may smell when it is enough, of this give the patient to drink at morning, and at evening a spoonful, and though the patient be meetly in health yet shall he not drink the less, and he shall in his daily drink meddle iii or four drops of the same. ¶ An other drink for a man that hath fallen, and kroken a rib, which drink cleanseth the breast, and causeth the breath to come and go at large. TAke crefysshes eyes in powder a dragma, Diapenidion an ounce, Diadras ganium half an ounce, stamp all these together in a mortar till they be small, & than put thereto water of our Lady adylstell, or aqua de tribulis Marie, aqua Cicorie, or herb solsequii, and make it thin, and give it him to drink at evening and morning. ¶ An other costly drink for wounds in the head, and also for all other wounds. TAke the middle pill of the walte rote, or of Ambrosia in latin, and scrape away the blackness thereof, take also great sanicle, or Diarentia mayor in latin, of each to the quantity of an egg, and knit them both together in a linen cloth, and lay it in a pound of wine & let it lie therein vi hours long, then give the patient thereof to drink at evening & morning, and at every time a spoonful and no more, for the drink is strong, and step a little cloth or a coal leave in the drink, and lay it on the wound, whither it be in the heed, or in any other part or member of the body. ¶ Perditur impune Medicina homo. ¶ Imprinted by me Robert wire/ dwelling at the sign of saint Iohn evangelist, in saint martin's parish, beside Charing Cross. printer's device of Robert Wyer, featuring John the Evangelist with eagle, and Wyer's name below (McKerrow 68 and 69) ROBERT wire.