¶ A RIGHT noble and pleasant History of the Successors of Alexander surnamed the Great, taken out of Diodorus Siculus: and some of their lives written by the wise Plutarch.  
Translated out of French into English. by Thomas Stocker.  
Imprinted at London, by Henry Bynneman, dwelling in Knightrider street at the sign of the Mermaid, for Humphrey Toy.  
ANNO DOMINI. 1569.   

TO THE RIGHT honourable, his very good Lord, Lord Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwyck, Baron Lisle, of the right honourable order of the garter, Knight: and M. of the ordinance to the Queen's most excellent Majesty.  
AS of late came unto my hands (right honourable and my very good Lord) this Book, entitled, the History of the successors of Alexander, surnamed the great, written in the Greek tongue by Diodore the Sicilian, and translated into French by M. claud of seissel, sometime M. of the Requests, to the most Christian King Lewis the. xii. of that name, and to him addressed: I was (when I had over read and well considered the same) marvelously ravished, and earnestly wished, it had been published in our vulgar tongue, that many others might understand it. Because (as me thinketh) it is both noble and pleasant, as well for the novelty of the History, as also for the variety and style, which is right proper, and such one as appertaineth, and chief belongeth to a very good Historian: wherein is showed the uncertainty of fortune, which marvelously may serve and help to read, and consider the worldly haps heretofore, to great Kings, Princes, and Nobles chanced, who sometime were in great dignity and had high authority, and wonderful prosperity. Whereby in seeing (after great felicity and marvelous prosperity) the strange adversity and misery which happened them, and the continual change of their estates and adventures: may more and more be understood the instability and imperfection of worldly matters. And chief in those great and honourable personages, the successors of Alexander the great, by whom is most declared the inconstancy of all things subject to alteration and change: and where Fortune (to speak after the vulgar opinion) hath best showed the power, and authority. Which Book when I had finished, I advised me to what honourable and Martial parsonage I might fitliest address it. And as I abode in this imagination, I at last called to remembrance your late noble progenitor, who in facts of war and Martial policies, surmounted in these our days the more part of this noble Realm of England. And forthwith considering, that your honour is he, who in those noble virtues, rightly representeth the very lively Image of your most noble progenitor, and also understanding your affability and natural inclination to all such as have delight therein: I am therefore (all these things considered) the rather enboldened, to take on hand to dedicate this the first fruit of my travel unto your honour: Most humbly beseeching the same that it would vouchsafe to take in worth, this small present and gift, and to consider rather the heart and good will of the giver (who desireth nothing more than to do you service agreeable) than the value or quality of the present, very small, and in a rude style, to dedicate unto so Noble a parsonage. And because the said claud of seissel would not that this said History should remain imperfect, to leave the Reader in doubt of the end and issue of the wars begun by Antigone the great and Demetre his son, against all the rest of the Kings and Princes successors of Alexander in those days, somewhat touched in the beginning of the third Book by the said Diodore, he hath therefore taken out of the wise plutarch, the remnant, in the life of Demetre unto his death, in whose time were almost all the great and notable facts of war (worthy memory) exploited and done. Wherefore in revolving the said History with judgement, and to the end it is translated, there may (in my opinion) some commodity and profit be received. For as touching the course of worldly things, may be seen the Stratagems and policies in the facts of war, together many sundry and diverse battles, sieges and enterprises, very pleasant to read and hear: wherein may also be learned many things appertaining to that art. And farther as concerning the moral direction of man's life, there may beside be found both by learning and examples many goodly documents. And chiefly, that which is most meet and becoming a noble parsonage, whereof he is called Magnanimus, that he should not for any prosperity which happeneth him, be over high minded nor yet for any adversity he hath or might chance him, lose his heart, courage or hope, which things wholly serving to the perfection of man in this present life, and consisteth in the habitude and operation of Moral virtues: and also to the perfection of the soul, ordering and appointing the latter end and intention to the everlasting bliss: which god of his infinite goodness and grace grant your honour, and us all, after the course of this present life.  
Your honours most humble at commandment. Tho. Stocker.   

¶ The first Book of the successors of Alexander surnamed the great, written by Diodore the Sicilian, in the Greek tongue, and after Translated into the French by claud of Seisel, sometime a counsellor, and master of the Requests to JEWS the twelfth of that name, then the FRENCH King. And now Englished from the FRENCH, By THOMAS STOCKER.  

The Prologue.  
PYTHAGORAS' the Samian, and divers other grave and wise Philosophers, have taught & left in writing, that the souls of men are immortal: and the more strongly to approve and verify their opinion and judgement therein, they affirm that when the souls depart the bodies, that they have the prescience and foreknowledge of things to come. Thereunto also accordeth the famous Poet Homer, as appeareth by his introducing of Hector, who a little before he died, prognosticated the death of Achilles, which shortly after ensued. The like also of later days hath been well noted & known in many that died, who at the hour of their deaths, prophesied what should happen: and chief confirmed in Alexander surnamed the great● his death, King of Macedon. For he lying at Babylon upon his death bed, being by his friends asked in the very extreme and last article of death, to whom he would leave his Realm and royal dignities? answered, to the most worthy the government thereof. For I (ꝙ he) foresee, that in stead of my sepulture and funeral, my friends are determined to move open hostility & wars: which in deed soon after came to pass. For the greatest & most honourable his friends, striving for the principality and government, were the causes of many & great conflicts. All which matters, together with the deeds and gests of his said successors, shall be contained in this present Book, and be made manifest and plain to all studious & learned, which will read and desire to understand the same. For the book precedent, treateth of the Noble and worthy deeds of Alexander, unto the time of his death. But this which now I am in hand with, comprehendeth and setteth forth the renowned acts of Alexander his successors, being an History of vij whole years continuance.   

¶ After the death of Alexander the great, Aride his brother is established king, and Perdiccas appointed to be his governor.  
The first Chapter.  
THE same year that the Athenians ordained and chose Celphisodore to be their Provost and governor, and the Romans created Lucy Fury, and Dece juny their Consuls: King Alexander deceasing without issue, chanced between the reign & state, to arise great dissension and sedition amongs the Princes, for the principality and government. For the regiment of his foot men were wholly determined to advance Aride to the kingdom: who although son to king Philip, and brother to Alexander, yet notwithstanding he was attainted with the incurable disease of the mind. By reason whereof, the rest of the Princes and Nobles in authority, which guarded Alexander his body, having with them the horse men called the Soldiers, condescended and agreed by one whole and common consent, to rear wars against the footmen, rather than they would suffer and abide their insolent boldness. But before they enterprised the matter, they thought best to send certain of the chiefest and most honourable personages in their company, with an ambassade to the footmen: Amongs whom Meleager was appointed chief & principal Ambassador, to dissuade them to desist and leave of their attempt, alleging that it stood most with reason, that they should obey the Princes. But so soon as Meleager was come amongst them, he never made mention of the Ambassade and charge committed unto him, but contrariwise approving & allowing their attempt and enterprise, did all that in him lay, to support and maintain them against the Princes and their confederates: so that the footmen having great good liking both of his counsel and courage, ordained him forthwith their Colonel, and thereupon armed them to give battle to the adversary. In so much that the Princes and Nobles in their company, issued out of the town in arms, and put themselves in order of battle. How be it certain of the wisest and most circumspect, deeply weighing & considering the case, concluded a final peace. Wherein was agreed that Aride should be established king. And Perdiccas chief of the Macedonian princes, to whom Alexander at the hour of his death gave his ring, deputed his governor. And to the rest of the Princes, and chief of the army, were divided and given the administrations and governments of the Provinces late under the subjection of Alexander. Which administrations or presidentships the Greeks called Satrapies, & the governors of the same Provinces satraps, conditionally that every of the said Princes at all times should be subject and obedient unto the King and Perdiccas his governor.   

¶ Perdiccas taking upon him the government of the realm, divideth the Satrapies amongs the Princes.  
The second Chapter.  
SHortly after that Perdiccas had taken upon him the rule over the rest, he forthwith assembled all the princes and captains, & assigned to every of them certain Provinces to govern. And first he bestowed the government of Egypt, on Ptolemy the son of Lage: on Laomedon of Mytthilene, Syrie: on Philote, Cilice: on Phiton, Mede: on Eumenes Paphlagone and Cappadoce, together the regions to them adjoining, in which Alexander, by reason of the continual wars betwixt him and King Darye, never came: on Antigone, Pamphilie, and Licie, together Phrigie the great: on Cassander, Carie: on Meleager, Lydie: and on Leonate, the lesser Phrigie: which bordereth above Hellespont. In this sort were divided the Provinces of Asia. In Europe was appointed to Lysimache, the Country of Thrace, with the countries and people thereunto adjoining, lying upon the Sea coast of Euxine: to Antipater, Macidone, with all the rest of the countries bordering thereon. And for the residue of the Countries and Satrapies of asia, over & beside those already named, he thought good to leave to the rule and government of those, whom Alexander had deputed in his life time. And the rest next to them, he left to Taxille and the other Kings and Princes, which before enjoyed them. 
Taxille.  And the Countries lying beyond Caucase the Mount, which is Paropanisade, he left to Osarte, King of the Bactrians, whose daughter Alexander had espoused, 
Osarte.  named Roxanne. He bestowed also on Sebirte, Aracose and Gedrose: on Stasanor the Solian, Arrye and Draucine: on Philip, Bactriane and Sogdiane: on Frataferne, Parthe and Hircane: on Lucete, Perside: on Tlepoleme Carmanie: on Atrapes, Mede: on Archon, Babylon: on Achesilaye, Mesopotame. Besides all this, be constituted and ordained Seleuck, captain general of the horse men, called the Soldiers, being the chiefest Office of charge, & most honourable within the army, 
Epheston.  which charge Ephestion first had, and after him Perdiccas. Moreover, the Realms and dominions which Alexander gave to Taxille & Poor, 
Poor.  they held and enjoyed them according as Alexander had left them. And as touching the transporting of Alexander his body to the Temple of jupiter Hammone, the setting up of his tomb, the appareling thereof, with the furniture and solempnization of the funerals, the whole charge was committed to Aride. While Alexander lived he appointed Cratere one of his chief Captains, with●● M. old soldiers to go into Cilice, to whom he gave certain ordinances and Commissions to execute and perform. But assoon as Alexander was dead, the Princes his successors would in no wise agree that the said ordinances should be performed. For after Perdiccas had seen and read the letters & registers of the said Alexander, 
marvelous enterprises, and ordinances of Alexander.  whereby he appointed a great deal of treasure to be levied for the burial of Epheston, and that he had farther assigned many other things of great cost and charge to be done, he was of the opinion that all the said ordinances of Alexander should be revoked and adni● hilate. But to the end it should not be thought that he went about to derogate the authority and honour of Alexander, he comprimitted the matter to the deliberation of the Macedonians, and amongs divers and sundry things they found great and weighty matters (worthy remembrance) appointed by Alexander. For first he ordained that a thousand tall Galleys should be built longer and bigger than were in Phenice, Sirye, Cilice, or Cypress, to war against the Carthagians and certain other Countries, lying and bordering upon the Lybian and Spanish seas, & the regions to them adjoining even unto Sicily: to the end he would be Lord and governor of all the Libyan seas hard to the pillars of Hercules. He also ordained that there should be erected .v. royal and honourable Temples to the value of five hundred talents every of them, and that there should be cut out a number of large and great harborowes, in places meet for the purpose, to ride at harborough the said navy of galleys. That done, he willed and commanded divers mighty and great Cities to be built, & those to be peopled as followeth.  
First, that the inhabitants of Asie should be brought into Europe, and the inhabitants of Europe into Asia, to the end that they being conjoined in marriage and affinity with the other, they should always live and continue in amity, friendship & concord. And for the places where the Temples should be erected, he appointed that one should be at Delos in the honour of jupiter Dodone, one in Macedon, to jupiter Nidie: one in Amphipolis to the goddess Diane of Scithie: the other two in the honour of the goddess Pallas, the one in Cyrne, the other in Illye. Which temple in Illye, he would should be so excellent and sumptuous, that the like might not any where be found. Over and besides all this, he appointed a tomb to be built in manner of a Pyramid or brooch, in the honour of his father Philip, far exceeding them in Egypt, which are thought the most excellent things in the world, that ever were seen or heard of.  
When the ordinances and escriptes of Alexander were red and heard, although the Macedonians loved Alexander marvelously, yet after they see that his enterprises were such and of so great charge, and very difficult to bring to pass, they all agreed that nothing should be done. And shortly after Perdiccas caused thirty of the principal soldiers to be slain which were against him, and namely Meleager, whom, besides that when he was sent Ambassador to the footmen, he did traitorously, and quite contrary to his charge, he accused also to have been the chief conspirater, and purposer of his death.   

¶ Perdiccas sendeth Python against the Greeks, rebelling in the high Countries, whom he overthroweth. And incidently is described the scite and compass of all asia.  
The third Chapter.  
AFter Perdiccas was advertised that the Greeks which were divided by Colonies into the higher provinces rebelled, and had assembled great puissance of men, he sent against them, one of the Princes, named Python. But before any mention be made of the wars, we think it first meet to make report in this History of the occasions of the said rebellion, together the description of the scite and greatness of the Country of asia: and the natures and properties of the Provinces of the same. In doing whereof, they which shall read the History, having before their eyes the distances of the places, may with greater ease, conceive and understand it.  
First, the Mount Thaure adjoining to the Country of Cilice, extendeth and reacheth all alongst Asie, even to the East Ocean. But because there are in the same, many bows and crooks, they have therefore divers and sundry names, so that Asie is divided by the said Mount into two parts, the one of which abutteth and lieth towards the North, and the other towards the south. Some of the springs also which descend from the said Mountain on the North side of the hill, run into the Caspian sea, some into the river Euxine, and another part into the North Ocean. And the rest which descend from the South side, some fall into the Indian Sea, some into the Ocean, adjoining to that part of Ind, and some into the red sea. In this manner about the provinces of asia, some against the North, & other some against the south. And for the North part thereof, the first provinces which boundre upon the river Thanais, are Sogdiane and Bectriane, and adjoining to them, Arrie and Parthe, environing the Hircane-sea, divided from the rest. Besides all these are the Province of Mede, the greatest and largest of all the rest, having many and sundry countries belonging there to, called by their several names. After these are Armenia, Licaonie, and Cappadoce, very cold Countries. Beyond this strait forward, is Phrygie the great, which joineth upon Hellespont, and of either side it are Lydie and Carie. And on the right sidelieth Piside a great country.  
Behind that lieth Licie in the firm land, and all alongst the Sea coasts are the Cities which the Greeks sometime builded and inhabited, whose names shall not be needful to be mentioned in this present history. And in this sort do lie & about the provinces of asia towards the North. But to return to the provinces towards the South, the first that lieth about the Mount Cauc● se, is Ind, a very great realm, and wonderfully peopled with divers nations: amongs which the greater nation are the Ga● garides, against whom Alexander could never bring his army, by reason of their Elephants: which country extendeth so the river Ganges. In the same river boundreth the realm of Ind, being in that quarter xxx furlongs broad, or there about.  
Next unto the Country of the Gangarides, joineth the rest of the realm of Ind, which Alexander conquered, full of goodly wholesome rivers, and of great wealth. In the same, besides many other countries, are also the realm of Poor and Taxille, amidst which runneth the river Inde● whereof all the country first took the name of Ind, About which, 
Mesopotame to say lying between two rivers, which are Euphrates and Tigris.  lie the Provinces of Aracose, Gedrofe, and Carmanie, and right over against them pierce wherein are enclosed Fusiane, and Sita● in, together the Country of Babylon, which reacheth to the deserts of Arabia. And on the other side leding higher up, lieth Mesopotamie, enclosed with tw● rivers, and thereby so called. And on tother side joineth all this region of Babylon, the higher Sirie, & near to them all alongst the Sea coast are Pamphile, and the other part of Sirie, called Celosyrie, in which is enclosed Phenice. To that and the deserts joining thereto, by which the flood Nile runneth down, and divideth Sirie, there is on the other side of the river, the Country of Egypt, which was always reputed and taken the richest, and of greatest revenues of all the rest. And all these Provinces are in a hot Region, for so much as they lie towards the south, even as the others which be towards the North, are very cold. All which were divided amongs the principal chieftains and Captains of war, which served Alexander as hath been aforesaid. But to return to the History of the Greeks, (I mean those which Alexander had sent by Colonies, to inhabit the higher provinces, there to dwell) they were much aggrieved, for that they were driven to forsake their manner of life, the wholesome air and fertile soil of the good country of Grece ● & as it were become abjects in the farthe s● warts & confines of the country. Notwithstanding so long as Alexander lived they endured the case for fear of him. But so soon as they had news of his death, they ge● to rebel & assemble in arms to the number of twenty thousand footmen or more & three thousand horsemen all trained soldiers, amongs whom Philo Enian● was general. 
Philo.  When Perdiccas understood the rebellion of the said Grekes ● he sent against them Phiton one of Alexander's guard or Pencioners, a man of great magnanimity and courage, and for his prows and martial policy; worthy the charge. He delivered to him three thousand footmen, and eight hundred of the choir est horses within the army, & farther directed his letters unto the satraps in these quarters, commanding them to ●● evie for him ten thousand footmen and eight thousand horse.  
When Phiton had taken upon him this charge and addict to achieve high and weighty enterprises, he hoped under that colour through his courteous & gentle entreating, to win the love of the Greeks, and so thereby to increase his power and get great signories and dominions. But Perdiccas knowing the haltiness of his mind & courage, had already conceived that which he privily imagined, and therefore willed and commanded him, that so soon as he had vanquished and overcome the Greeks his enemies, he should forthwith do execution on them all, and give the spoil to his men of war.  
After Python had received of him those soldiers, & that the satraps had delivered him the rest, he merched against the rebels with his whole power, and by the mean of Eniane a Greek, he by corruption wan Lipodore one of the captains of horsemen to the rebels, and thereby easily overthrew the enemy. For although they were the greater number, and of more force, (yet the victory being uncertain) the traitor Lipodore retired with his troop of three thousand horse towards an hill hard by, whom when the rest of the soldiers perceived, they stood in such amaze, thinking him to fly, that they all fled at ones. By reason whereof Python obtained victory, and forth with caused to sound the trumpet, and made proclamation that so many as were escaped should cast of their armour, and peaceably departed home to their own houses, with the one half of their goods: which incontinent was done. But the Macedonians calling to remembrance the commandment of Perdiccas, they without regard of the peace, granted to them by Phiton, which they also had confirmed with their oaths, by and by with shot overthrew and killed all the Captives and forth with butyned their goods. When Python see that he was put beside his enterprise, he immediately returned with the Macedonians towards Perdiccas. And in this case stood the state of asia.   

¶ Of the wars which the Athenians make against Antipater, called the Lamian war.  
The fourth Chapter.  
AFter that the Rhodians expulsed the Macedonians garrison amongs them, and the Athenians made preparation to war against Antipater, called the Lamian war, because of the siege of Lamie. But first before I proceed any further, I think it very necessary to make report of the occasions of the said wars, to the end that the deeds and facts of wars exploited in the same, may with more ease be understood of the Reader, which were these.  
Not long before Alexander died, he purposed to call home again all the exiles and banished men of the Cities of Grece, and restore them to their mansion places and dwelling houses, thinking that that would greatly redound to his honour and fame: and thereby he might have a number of men in every city to be his Pertisannes or guard, if the rest at any time took in hand or enterprised any mutiny or would revolt. Wherefore he seeing the time of the Olimpiad at hand, he sent thither Nicanor the Stagerite with letters, containing the edict of the said restitution straightly charging and commanding him in the end of the assemble, to make proclamation by the sound of the Trumpets victors of the said letters: which thing he speedily did. The tenor of which letters hereafter ensue.  
Alexander the great king of Macedon, 
The tenor of King Alexander's letters.  to the banished and exiles of Grece greeting. We have not been the cause of this your exile and banishment, but rather are a mean that ye may return home, except such as have offended against the sacred law. Wherefore we have addressed our letters to Antipater concerning the same, straightly charging and commanding him, if any the cities refuse to do this our commandment, that he forth with enforce and compel them.  
When these letters had been proclaimed and red, the people thereof were marvelous glad. And because the thing pleased the multitude, they made such a noise and shout, that it was heard unto the heavens, for as much as there were above twenty thousand exiles, who all averred & said, that the same restitution was for the common wealth of the whole state & country of Grece. But the Etholians and Athenians were therewith evil apaid, & greatly displeased, because the Etholians feared to be plagued for the outrage they had committed against Eniade, whom they chased & expulsed their land, knowing for certain the the king had sworn that not only his nephews & others descending from his line, but also the exiles and banished themselves would be revenged for the injury done to him. Again the Athenians in no wise determined to render the Isle of Damie, which they had divided amongst themselves, to those whom before they had expulsed. But because it lay not in them to resist the power of Alexander, they endured the case, always awaiting opportunity, which in the end at unwares happened them. For after they had heard news that Alexander was dead without heirs, they then boldly enterprised not only to set themselves at liberty, but also took upon them the government of all Grece, having great affiance that they were able to maintain wars against all the world, by reason of the marvelous amass of money, which they not long before had gotten by the death of Harpale, recited by us in the book precedent, with which they waged the mercenaries whom the satraps had left in asia, to the number of eight thousand or more lying then at Tevare, in the country of Peloponnese. Wherefore they gave secret commandment to Leosthenes the Athenian, 
Leosthenes.  to take upon him as it were at his own costs & charges to wage them, making them believe he would without knowledge of the City, enterprise some notable exploit, to the end that Antipater who made no great estimate of him or his doings, should have little regard to make against him, whereby they might have leisure and time to prepare for all such necessary hablements and engines of war as were meet for the purpose: which thing in deed was done. For Leosthenes at his pleasure, assembled the said men of war, so that he had gotten a band of valiant and lusty Soldiers and of great experience, because they had served in many sundry & notable wars in Asia. All this was done, before there came any sure knowledge of the death of Alexander.  
But after certain which came from Babylon, had given it out that they see him dead, the Athenians arreared open wars, and sent immediately to Leosthenes some part of Harpale his money, together with great store of Armour & weapon, willing him no longer to dissemble the matter, but openly to begin to war, as to him should seem for the best.  
When Leosthenes had received the money, he then according to his promise, paid all his soldiers their wages, aswell the unarmed as the armed, and so marched on into the country of the Etholians, to the intent they might join with him, whom they right thanfully received, and with great courage accorded his request, & there upon delivered him seven thousand Soldiers. From thence he sent to the Locriens, Phocians, & the other cities thereabout, soliciting them to take their part for the restoration of the whole country of Grece into her pristinate estate & liberty, from the servitude and bondage of the Macedonians:  
But in the city of Athens, the richest and wealthiest citizens, prayed and exhorted the commoners of the same to peace and quietness. Nevertheless there were other who divers times, & many ways had gratified and done much for the said commoners, that continually moved and stirred the multitude to wars, because their chief living was by their salary and wages in the time of wars. Wherefore king Philip oftentimes accustomed to say, that peace was their wars, and wars their peace. Therefore an edict of the wars was drawn and published by them which were deputed by the communality, as followeth.  
First that the people of Athens ought to take upon them the quarrel, to reduce into her popular governance the whole country of Grece.  
Also that there should be no garrisons maintained or kept within any the said cities.  
Moreover, that there should a navy be sent to sea. To say forty excellent tall, long and fleet galleys of three tier of oars on a side, and lxx. of four.  
Also that all the Athenians of the age of forty years and upward, should be in a readiness to war.  
Moreover, that of the ten tribunes of their people, three should remain at home for to defend the country, & the other seven to be in a readiness for the wars, to send whether it should be thought most convenient.  
Far● her, that Ambassadors should be sent through out all Grece, pronouncing and signifying to all the Cities of the same: that even as in times past the people of Athens did repute and take the whole country of Grece to be one common and free country and domi● ill of Greciaens, & had assailed, chased and put to flight by sea the Barbarians who meant to have subdued and conquered them, in like case also they now thought it best forthwith (for the common liberty of Grece) to move war, and to be contributors in the same, both with their ships and money, for the sa● etie of the said Grecians, before any other people of the world.  
Which decree and edict being approved and allowed, was forthwith put in execution. Whereupon many both grave & wise Grecians seeing the imminent dangers that would ensue said, that the Athenians had well considered of all things concerning honour, but for any gain or commodity that thereby should ensue, they greatly er● ed and were deceived, alleging, that before they needed, they had taken upon them to arrere wars against great and invincible armies, exhorting and praying all sage and wise men to be otherwise minded, and to take example of the late destruction of Thebes. Notwithstanding this, the Ambassadors of Athens never desisted, but traveled through all the cities of Grece, persuading them by eloquent orations & fine persuasions to wars, so that in the end the greater number of the cities agreed to aid them, some with all their power and force, & other some with certain numbers of men. And the rest which refused to join with them, some took part with the Macedonians, and the other rather chose to be neuters. Howbeit the first that joined with the Athenians were the Etholians, as we have before declared. After them all the Thessalians, except the Pellenians. All the Oetians also, except the Heraclians. All the Achees, the Phitiothes reserved: and all the aliens, except the Milesians. And beside all these, the Dorians, Locrians, Phocias', Aenians, Elisians, Dolopenians, Athamantians and Leucadians, and all the Molossians under the government of Aripthy. For he had showed himself to be their friend, although after he betrayed the Greeks and took part with the Macedonians. And as for the Illirians and Thracians, few of them would take part with the Athenians, by reason of the old enmity they bore them: But notwithstanding the Euboians declared themselves to be their aiders in those wars, & all those which dwell in the uttermost confines of Peloponese. To say the Argives, Sicionians, Elians, Messenians, and those which inhabit the quarter of Acten. These were in effect all the people of Grece, which conspired with the Athenians in those wars.  
After which conspiracy, the Athenians sent to Leosthenes a new supply of five thousand footmen all Citizens, five hundred horse, and two thousand strangers: Who travailling the country of Boetia, found all the people in those quarters against them, because that when Alexander had assaulted and won the City of Thebes, he gave away all their lands & possessions to the Boetians, enhabiting there round about: which people had made partition of all the said lands and possessions, whose revenues yearly amounted to a great value. Wherefore fearing that if the Athenians prevailed, they would render unto the Thebans their City and territories, they determined the rather to take part with the Macedonians. After Leosthenes had encamped before Platea, he returned with certain of his Soldiers into Boece, and there joined with the army of the Athenians, where they encountered and fought with the Boetians and overthrew them. And immediately after the battle, he caused a Trophy to be set up in token of victory. Which done he returned to the passage of the piles, and there continued certain time, always awaiting the puissance of the Macedonians. But when Antipater understood of the death of Alexandre, and the division of the Provinces which had been made in Babylon, he sent his messengers towards Cratere who was in Cilice, who had been sent thither before, to conduct into Macedon five thousand old Macedonian soldiers. He sent likewise to Philote, Governor of the country of Phrigie, adjoining to Hollespont, praying him to come to his aid and succour, and by the mean he offered him one of his daughters in marriage: he understanding the concourse of the Grecians against him, being Governor of Macedon, he left in the Country for Lieutenant Sisbe 
Sisbe.  and a certain of such Soldiers with him as he thought best, commanding him to levy so many men in the said country, as he could. And himself with xiij thousand footmen & six hundred horse, (for more he could not well have, because the great numbered of his Soldiers were gone into Asia, to guard that country and confines of the same) departed out of Macedon and came into Thessaly, where he see before his face upon the sea coast of Macedon, the whole Navy which Alexandre had sent for the wasting of a great sum of money and a great deal of other treasure, being in all an hundred & ten tall Galleys of war. The Thessalians allied them with Antipater, & for that cause they had sent him for the maintenance of his wars, a great numbered of able horse men well appointed. Howbeit, after the Athenians were come amongs them, and that they had with pleasant and delicate words so won their favour to fight for the common liberty of Grece, they wholly yielded to Leosthenes, through which practise the Grecians army then was of greater force than the Macedonian. By reason whereof happened, that when Antipater came to joining of battle, he was incontinent overthrown and vanquished. And after that, he never durst come in the face of the enemy, neither yet was he able safely to return into Macedon: wherefore he was forced to retire into the City of Lavige with the rest of his army, which City he there fortified and furnished it with men, armour, weapon and shot to avoid the siege, every day looking & attending for aid out of asia. Whereupon Leosthenes forthwith removed his Camp, and with his whole power besieged the Town. And after, he had encamped and entrenched himself about, he approached the walls offering battle. But when he see the Macedonian● after many days offers durst not sally out he assaulted the Town. Notwithstanding, the towns men so valauntlie defended it, that they repulsed the enemy, and slew a great numbered of the rash assailants: by reason the town was well manned, thoroughly provided with all kinds of hablements of war, and the curtain of such height and thickness that the besieged with great ease became victors. When Leosthenes see that he could not by force win the Town, straightways cut of their victuals, trusting by famine to win it, wherefore he stoppeth all the passages with large and deep ditches and trenches. In this mean while had Leosthenes for a time given leave to the Etholians to go into their country, about such necessary affairs as they had to do, and thereupon they all returned into Ethole. And as Antipater was thus distressed and in great danger, looking for none other, but that he must needs for wan: of victuals, yield himself and all his power to the enemy: suddenly happened them great good luck. For as the assaillaunts were undermining the walls, Antipater with fierce courage falied out upon them, and Leosthenes coming to the rescue of his soldiers, had by hap such a blow on the head with a stone, which was thrown from the curtain in time of the skirmish, that it felled him to the ground, and being by his Soldiers, taken up more than half dead and carried to his Tent, within three days after died thereof: who for his noble and chivalrous acts in feats of war, was honourably buried, where at the commandment of the people of Athens, Hiperides then the most excellent Orator in all the Town, made an Oration in his praise at the funeral. For Demosthenes the Orator was in exile by reason of the money which he had gotten of Harpale. After the death of Leosthenes the people chose Antiphile for their Captain in his room, a right and valiant man, and in Martial Policies very expert.   

¶ Certain of the Princes upon whom Perdiccas bestowed the government of the Provinces, go about to seigniorize them.  
The fifth Chapter.  
WHile these broils were in Grece, the Princes and Governors of asia among whom the Provinces were divided, amongs Ptolemy who was one, eftsoons without resistance or contradiction, seized on Egypt ● behaving himself to the whole country, wisely, liberally & gently: And during the time of his government there, had gathered together about viii. thousand talents, by mean whereof he had levied a great numbered of Mercenaries. There also repaired to him many of his kinsfolks and friends, aswell for the bounty of his nature, as also for his liberality and frankness. Again he sent Ambassadors to Antipater, to participats with him all his affairs & business, knowing for certain, that if Perdiccas could, he would expulse him the province of Egypt. But now to return to Lisimache, so soon as he was arrived in the province of Thrace, he found King south with xx. thousand footemē● and two thousand horse there encamped, yet feared he not to join battle with him. But because on the one side was the greater numbered, and on the other side prowess and virtue, the fight endured long and cruel, wherein many Grecians were slain, but a far greater numbered of Barbarians, so that either of them retiered into his camp, not knowing who had the better, and there continued a season both minded to assemble greater power.   

¶ Leonate coming to the rescous of Antipater, is by the Athenians overthrown and slain; but after the said Athenians are at Sea by Cly● e chased and overhrowen.  
The sixth Chapter.  
DUring the time that Antipater was besieged in Lamie, he had secretly sent his Ambassador Ecathe towards Leonate desiring his aid: who promised to come. And thereupon he immediately put all things in a readiness & passed Europe, until he came into Macedon, where repaired to him many Soldiers, Macedonians, so that he had assembled twenty thousand footmen and five thousand horse: with which army he intented to war upon the Greeks through the Country of Thessaly. Who understanding of his coming, raised their siege, and sent all their baggage and artillery; together the Paysaunts & slaves which followed the army into the city of Melite ● 
The City of Milet.  because they might more speedily march on with the soldiers, aswell footmen as horsemen, against Leonate, meaning to give him battle before he joined with Antipater. Now had the Greeks not passing xxij. thousand footmen, (for that the Etholians and certain other regiments were licenced to go into their Countries and mansion places) & three thousand horse, of which two thousand were Thessalians, valiant and trained Soldiers, in whose magnanimity consisted the whole hope of victory. At last they joined battle with Leonate, which continued long and doubtful, but in the end, the Thessalians through their high and manly courages obtained victory, and Leonate manfully and stoutly fight, in the retire fell into a ditch, and there miserably was slain. Nevertheless his Soldiers recovered the body and carried it to his Tent. When the Macedonian Phalange see that Memnon General of the Thessalian men at arms had won the victory, and fearing they would charge them, suddenly retired from the plain where the battle was fought, unto the straightest passages they could find near hand, for their guard and strength, through which policy the Thessalian men at arms charging them, profited nothing. The next day in the morning, Antipater coming with the rest of his power to aid them, joined all the Macedonians in one camp under the government and conduct of Antipater, who fearing the Grecian horsemen, never durst 〈◊〉 battle (and again, doubting his inabilite to pass through them, was enforced by the strait ways & passages in those quarters, fair and easily to retire. 
Antiphile.  But Antiphile general of the Grecian army, having honourably overthrown the Macedonians in battle, remained still in Thessaly, always attending and looking what the enemy mente or durst to do. Thus had the Grecians in all their affairs by land prosperos success. But after the Athenians understood that the Macedonians were of great power by sea, they caused many new ships of war to be built, so that they had in all C● xx sail. 
Clite.  But Clite Admiral of the Macedonian Navy having always about CCxl. sail, twice chased and vanquished Ethion Admiral to the Athenians, 
Ethion.  & slew many of his people about the Isle's Ethimades.   

Perdiccas overcometh Ariarathe, and restoreth to Eumenes the Country of Cappadoce.  
The seventh Chapter.  
IN this mean, time Perdiccas (having with him King Philip and his army royal) purposed to war upon Ariarathe of Cappadoce: Who never (during the life of Alexander) would at any time be subject to the Macedonians. And the cause why Alexander suffered him peaceably to enjoy the same, was, that he had such notable wars with King Darie, that he never forced of Ariarathe, so that he peaceably held and enjoyed that country of Cappadoce many years. By reason whereof he became so rich and of such great wealth, that he had waged a great numbered, aswell Cappadocians, as strangers, with whom he thought to defend himself and his Realm against Perdiccas, if at any time he attempted to pierce and invade his country. He had about thirty. thousand footmen, & x. thousand horse. Notwithstanding, when they came to battle, he and all his army was quite discomfited and overthrown: whereof about iiij. thousand slain, and above v. thousand prisoners taken, of which numbered himself was one, who with all his kinsfolks and allies were hanged. This done, Perdiccas proclaimed peace to the whole Country, & restored to the Government thereof Eumenes Cardian, who was before assigned unto it at the first partition of the Provinces.   

¶ Antipater in fight vanquisheth the Grecian armie● putteth in subjection the greater numbered of the Cities of Grece and Athenes, and in the end restoreth them to liberty.  
The eight Chapter.  
IN this mean season was Cratere come out of Cilice into Macedon, accompanied with vj. thousand footmen of the most expert soldiers that served Alexandre when he first invaded asia. And upon the way he took up iiij. thousand Persian Archers, a thousand Slings or Shot, and a thousand horse to aid Antipater, and to revenge the outrage committed by the Greeks against the Macedonians. But so soon as he was come into Thessaly, he voluntarily gave the principal charge and conduct to Antipater, praying him to take upon him the office of L. General of the army. So they encamped together about the River Pene, 
The river Pene.  and one day mustering the army (accounting those which came with Leonate) they had xl. thousand footmen well armed, iij. thousand archers and slings, and about v. thousand horse. Notwithstanding the Greeks feared nothing, but encamped right over against them, albeit they were the weaker and feebler company, by reason that a great numbered of them (for their many victories before obtained) were so haut and proud, that without witting or knowledge of their Captains, they were gone home, so that (the captains being not obeyed, nor the Soldiers at commandment) there remained not behind above xxv. thousand footmen, and iij. thousand v. hundred horse, in which nmubre of horse lay & consisted the only hope of victory, both for their valiant courages, & also because the country was plain and champion. Antipater daily offered battle, but the Greeks remained quiet & kept their camp, looking still for aid from the cities of Grece. But they were by the enemy so long oppressed and grieved, that of force they must in the end abide, and put all to the hazard of battle. And because they desired that the horsemen should first charge, they placed them as it were for their vanguard before the Phalange of footmen. And when Antipater see that the Thessalians at the first encounter and charge had gotten the better, he commanded his Phalange to march against the main battle of the Greeks, whom they so fiercely grieved and pressed, that in less than an hour they had almost slain the whole Grecian Phalange. And at last the Grecians seeing themselves no longer able to abide the brunt, nor maintain the fight, retired in good order to battle to the strait passages towards a mountain, where by reason of the advantage of the place, they with greater ease defended themselves from the power and force of the Macedonians. And albeit the Grecian horse were to hard and bettered the Macedonians, yet they seeing their footmen so retired, yielded themselves to the enemy: so by that mean the Macedonians wan the honour of the battle, in which were slain about v. hundred Greeks, and Cxxx. Macedonians.  
The next day in the morning Memnon and Antiphile chief leaders of the Grecian army, assembled their Captains and called a counsel, wherein was proposed two questions. First whether it were good to abide and tarry for the aid and help of the cities of Grece, and continue the war until they were of as great power as the enemy: or whether it were better (considering the time) to send unto them to treat a peace: so they agreed upon the last. Whereupon they sent Ambassadors to Antipater: who answered, he would not at one instant condescend and agree to conclude a peace with all the whole cities of Grece: but if they would every of them particularly send their Ambassadors to him, that then he was content to hear them, and otherwise not: whereunto the Greeks in no wise would agree.  
While the wars still continued, Antipater and Cratere besieged the city of Thessaly, to the end whereof the Greeks were not able to come: wherefore the Citizens being sore distressed and in great danger, rendered the town to Antipater, whom he received into favour, and showed himself so gently and courteous towards them, the shortly after all the rest of the cities of Grece every of them particularly yielded to Antipater, with whom he accorded peace. And farther, they clearly forsook both the Athenians and Etholians utter enemies to the Macedonians: who seeing themselves so rejected, took counsel of their captains for the maintenance of the wars. When Antipater had by such Stratagem separated and dispersed the Greeks, he then with all his power made preparation against the Athenians, who seeing themselves unprovided of aid & succour of their friends and allies, were greatly astonished: 
Demades.  wherefore they all agreed, the Demades the famous Orator should be sent to Antipater to treat a peace, which he refused to do. And although they had called him to counsel, he would not come thither, because he had been before thrice condemned of the privy Counsel or Senate, as an insringer of the Laws, forbidden to ask for himself the aid or benefit of the Laws, and to declare his opinion in the Counsel. Nevertheless for the cause aforesaid, the commonalty incontinent forgave him, and sent him to Antipater, accompanied with Photion, 
Phocino.  and certain other Citizens: whom Antipater after their Ambassade published, answered that he would conclude no peace with the Athenians, unelesse they would wholly submit them to his discretion and government: alleging that what time they besieged him within the City of Lamie, they would make none other answer to his Ambassadors. When the Athenians see none other boot, & that they were no longer able to resist, they remitted the whole government of the City to his pleasure. Who being of such moderation of mind, redelivered to them their City and lands with all their goods and cattles. Howbeit, he altered and changed the government of the City. Declaring, that where before the rule and estate of the City was common, he therefore now decreed and ordained, that none should be admitted to any office or dignity within the City, except such as were of good revenue and living, & that might at least dispend two thousand Drachmas by year, & they to have all the authority, government and ordering of the same. And that the rest whose lands did not amount to the clear yearly value aforesaid (as persons seditious and desirous of tumults and wars) were clearly excluded from authority and government. Nevertheless, they that were contented to dwell elsewhere, he gave them the country of Thrace for their habitation and relief: of which sort were above xx. thousand which went to dwell all in Thrace. And there remained in the City of ancient and landed Burgesses about ix. thousand or near thereabout: who governed the same and territories thereof, after the Laws of Solon, without taking away from Perseus any of the goods which he possessed. And for their better quietness and refuge, Antipater lest behind under the the charge of Menille, 
Menille.  a garrison of men of war for the repressing of such as would go about to commence or revive any innovation or mutation. And for as Samy, he lest it to the wills and discretions of the Kings. Thus the Athenians being gently handled and well entreated (far beyond their expectation) minded upon that conclusion to live in rest and peace, and to use their travail without fear: by mean whereof in short time they grew to great wealth.  
After Antipater had achieved and obtained these victories, he returned with Cratere into Macedon, whom he perfectly loved and greatly honoured, bestowing on him large and honourable gifts, giving him also in marriage his eldest daughter Phile, a young a Damsel of excellent favour and beauty, making farther great preparation for his return into Asie.  
Moreover, he used such great humanity and courtesy towards all the Cities of Grèce, and reduced them to civility and politic government, that he acquired great praise and renown. Perdiccas likewise rendered to the Samians their City and Country, and called home all the citizens which had been in exile xl. years and more.   

¶ Of the exploties done by Thimbron and Ptolemy in the wars of Cyrene.  
The ninth Chapter.  
Now since we have spoken of all the facts of wars done in the Lamian war, it behoveth us out of hand to make mention of the wars which the Macedonians had against Cyrene, and to give it this mean space, to the end we defer not those gests so long from the time in which they were done, but to make the matter more clear and manifest, we must begin somewhat farther of.  
What time Harpale fled out of asia into Crete with a certain numbered of soldiers (as in the book before we have mentioned) Thimbron who by outward appearance seemed his friend, traitorously slew him, and seizing on all his money, men and ships, sailed with all the said soldiers and riches into the country of Cyrene, and by the mean of the aid and conduct of the exiles of the same City, he gave battle to the citizens governors, and vanquished them, whereof he slew many and took a numbered of prisoners, and so wan the Port or haven, whereupon he put the citizens in such terror and fear, that he drove them to come to a composition, wherein they agreed, that he should have v. hundred Talents of silver, and the one half of his Chariots and charets that he would occupy in his wars. This agreement concluded on, he immediately sent his Ambassadors to the rest of the cities near hand, demanding their aid for the subduing of the Region of Lybye, thereto adjoining. He farther willed his Soldiers to spoil and but in all the goods which they found in the ships within the said Port, the rather to enbolden them to endure the wars. And albeit fortune highly favoured the said Thymbron, that he became rich & proud, yet not long after she brought him again into as great misery by this occasion, for one of his Captains, named Mnasicles, 
Mnasicles.  borne in Crete, a man expert in martial facts, challenged him, and said he had done ill, because he made no equal division of the but in: And being a valiant and stout man, and of nature mutinous, revolted & took part with the Cyrenians, greatly blaming and discommending the cruelty and disloyatie of Thymbron: dissuading them to break promiss with him, and to set themselves at their own choice and liberty. But when Thymbron see that they had not as yet paid but lx. Talents, and that from day to day they delayed the payment of the rest, he held the agreement and composition on their part infringed & broken: wherefore he took so many citizens as were within the Port prisoners, to the numbered of four score. That done, with all his force he besieged the City, and prevailing nothing, retired into the haven. In this while the Barcians & Hesperits took part with Thymbron, wherefore the Cyrenians purposing some fact, lest one part of the Soldiers within the Town: and with the other part sallied out and ran upon the Barcian and Hesperite camp, who were forced to send to Thymbron for aid: whether he came with all his power: which when Mnassicles see, and perceiving he had left the Haven unfurnished, persuaded the Cirenians in the Town to assay to win the haven, whereupon they immediately issued out, and with great ease wan it, because there were few or none left to defend the same: all which was exploited and done by the mean and conduct of Mnasicles, who straightways redelivered to the merchants of the town so much of their goods as might be found: and after furnished the port with a garrison of valiant men of war.  
When Thymbron understood that the Port (so meet a place for the annoying of the enemy) was lost, & all the baggage of his men of war, he was thereat greatly abashed. Howbeit, he took to him a martial courage & went to the siege of an other City called Thacire, 
Thacyre.  which he wan, wherefore he waxed right glad and bold. Nevertheless, not long after happened him other great misadventures. For first, his Soldiers which were a board, having lost the Haven (thereby cut of from victuals at land) were constrained to make out certain bands to fourage the fields and Country for provision of victuals: whom the Libyans one day among the rest finding abroad disordered, discomfited & overthrew: of which, some were slain, other were taken prisoners, & the rest recovered thire ships and went to sea, meaning to arrive at some Port where they might find friendship. But suddenly arose so grievous and vehement a tempest, that it perished and drowned many of their ships: and such as escaped, were driven with wind and weather into Cypers, and upon the coast of Egypt. Yet for all this ill fortune, he never desisted his purpose and attempt, but without stop sent certain of his chief and assured friends into Peloponese to muster and take up Soldiers, willing them also to entertain the two thousand men of war straungérs, lying and abiding in the Country of Tenare, 
Tenare.  and to bring them also into Libie  
All this time the Cirenians (by reason of the late overthrows by them given) trusting in their own courages, and hoping well of better success, boldly attempted Thymbron with battle, wherein they vanquished & killed a great numbered of his people, which conflict made him almost despair of the conquering and subduing the Cyrenians. But suddenly came in his aid the Soldiers of Tenare, wherewith he took such heart, that he a fresh assembled an other great numbered to commence and begin his wars. But when the Cyrenians see that, they by and by sent to the Libyans & Chartagians their neighbours, requiring aid, so that with them and of their own City, they had gotten together about thirty. thousand men, with whom they arreared an other great army, wherein on either side consisted and depended the whole and total victory. And although the fight endured long, yet in the end Thymbron obtained victory, whereof he was right joyous, hoping then in short time to conquer and subdue all the Cities thereabout. In which conflict the Cirenians lost all their Captains: wherefore they chose for their chieftain and General Mnasicles and other under him, to defend the haven and City, which Thimbron had before besieged and yet still daily approached. But in the end, the siege so long continued, that victuals within the Town were very scarce, which caused great mutiny: wherefore the Cirenians expulsed the most worshipful and rich citizens: whereof some took part with Thimbron, and the rest went for rescous into Egypt, and desired aid of Ptolemy, for their return home, whereunto he granted. So they departed thence towards Siren, with a puissant army, both by sea and land, under the conduct of Orphellon. 
Orphellon.   
When the exiles with Thimbron understood of their coming, they determined by night to steal upon them, and so to rob and spoil them: but their enterprise being revealed and discovered, they were all slain. Then the Commoners which kept the Town, perceiving the exiles at hand, truced with Thimbron, and joined together to fight against Orphellon, who encountered them in battle and overthrew them & took Thimbron prisoner. When all these conflicts had thus taken end, he took the City of Cirene, & the rest of the Cities near about (which before lived at liberty) to the behoof of Ptolemy his Lord and Sovereign.   

¶ Perdiccas entering Piside, taketh the Lauradians prisoners, & by siege so distresseth the Isaurians that they kill themselves. And at the entreaty of Antigone, Antipater and Cratere, which warred upon the Etholians, conclude a peace with them, because they would go against Perdiccas.  
The x. Chapter.  
BUt now to return to Perdiccas and King Philip, after they had overthrown and discomfited Ariarathe, and bestowed the government of Cappadoce on Eumenes, they took their journey into Pisided, etermining to sack & raze the Cities of Laurade and Isaure: because that they in the life of King Alexander had slain Balacre the Son of Nicanor, whom Alexander had deputed their Patron and Governor. And first by force they took the City of Laurade, and killed all the men and made portsale of their infaunts and young children. But because the City of the Isaurians was strong and thoroughly manned to hold out the enemy: after they had two days besieged it, wherein many of their Soldiers were lost they (seeing the citizens well furnished of all things for the defence thereof, & fully determined to maintain it to death) retired: howbeit, after three days past, they again approached the walls and gave a fresh assault, which the citizens to their great loss, manfully defended: wherefore being then disfurnished of able men for the manning of their walls, rampires and Bulwarks, they purposed an honourable fact & worthy memory.  
First, foreseeing their imminent destruction inevitable, by reason they were no longer able to resist, and knowing for certain that they should shamefully and villaniously be entreated, they therefore determined rather than to yield to the enemy, to die an honest and honourable death. For first they shut up in their houses the old men, women and children, and to the end there to bury them, they set all the houses on fire, which being on a light and the flame issuing out on every side, they cast in all their movable goods, and all other things which any way might be profitable or gainful to the enemy: whereat Perdiccas greatly amazed, commanded his Soldiers to environ the Town, and give the attempt to the walls, but the Townsmen so valiaunly defended the curtain, that they once again repulsed the assaylaunts. Then Perdiccas much more astonished, inquired the cause why they so courageously stood to the defence of the City, considering they had burnt both their houses and goods. But after Perdiccas had retiered his Soldiers from the assault, the Isaurians threw themselves into the fire, and so were buried in their houses with their friends and familiars.  
The next day in the morning Perdiccas licensed his soldiers to sack and spoil the City, who after the fire was thoroughly put out, found infinite treasure of gold & silver: forasmuch as the said City had long continued without wars, and through traffic & great trade of merchandise grew to great wealth, and became very rich. When Perdiccas had won these two towns, he purposed them to marry being in choice of two Gentlewomen, to say, of Nice the daughter of Antipater, 
Nice.  whom he had already fianced, and of Cleopatra sister to Alexander the great, 
Cleopatra.  and daughter to king Philip, son to Amint. But first he determined to ally himself with Antipater, because his puissance and authority was not yet thoroughly confirmed & established: and therefore fianced he his daughter. But after he had once obtained an army royal, & princily estate, he altered his purpose, meaning for his greater advancement to espouse Cleopatra, wherein he affected the kingdom of Macedon: to the end the Macedonians might accept and take him for their Lord and Sovereign. Nevertheless, because he would not that this his practice should come to light, he in the mean while married Nice, fearing that if he did not, Antipater would be come his utter enemy. But after he perceived that Antigone 
Antigone.  friend to Antipater had smelled out and understood his determination and practice, and being he amongs the rest of the Princes, who was both wise and martial to enterprise any high and notable matters, he thought therefore to dispatch him clean out of the way. Whereupon he began to reprove him of many false and slanderous imputations, whereby might easily be perceived, that he went about to bring him to his final end and destruction. But Antigone like a wise & stout Champion dissimuled the matter, openly pronouncing that he would answer and defend all such false and surmised accusations, wherewith he should be charged. But contrariwise making secret preparation to fly with Demetrie his Son, 
Demetrie.  his friends and household folks, enbarqued in certain ships of Athens, and with prosperous winds sailed into Europe to join with Antipater. The same time lay Antipater and Cratere in Camp against the Etholians with thirty. thousand footmen, and two thousand v. hundred horse. For of all the regiments of Soldiers which conspired against the Macedonians in the Lemian wars, remained no more unsubdued but the said Etholians (who although they see so huge a power invade their country) would not be daunted, but assembled about ten thousand lusty young men, and taking with them their wives, children, and all their goods and cattles up into the mountains and strong places, abandoned & forsook their towns and villages indefensable, and thrust into the rest garrisons, who right stoutly defended them against the power of the enemy. But after Antipater & Cratere were entr● d the Country, and found their Cities unpeopled, they turned all their force against those which were run up into the mountains: where the Macedonians thinking at their first arrival to win by force and virtue, those strong and invincible places (being well and manfully defended) were greatly discomfited and many slain. For the Etholians being over them in the strait passages & places of advantage, repulsed & hurt so many as came against them. Which thing Antipater and Cratere seeing, besieged the mountains, pitched their camp, set up Tents and Hales of wood, and there encamped all Winter. By mean whereof the Etholians enclosed in the mountains full of snow, were through cold and want of victuals brought into so great necessity and extremity, that either they must descend the mountains and come to battle against the enemy, which were many, and especially against two valiant Chieftains of war, or else to die of cold and hunger. And being thus distressed, and thereby almost desperate, suddenly happened them for their deliverance strange aid and succours as if the Gods had sent it from heaven, taking pity of them and respecting their magnanimity and noble courages. For Antigone coming out of asia (as aforesaid) arrived at that present before Antipater and Cratere, declaring the enterprise of Perdiccas: farther, asserteyning them, that incontinent after the marriage of Cleopatra (which should be shortly) he would with his whole army come down into Macedon as King, and there enjoy the Empire and dominion of the whole country. With which news they being both astonished, assembled their Captains to consult and devise what were best to do: and by their advise they concluded to take the honestest peace with the Etholians they might, and then speedily to pass with all their army into Asie, and that Cratere should govern and enjoy the Empire of asia, and Antipater Europe. After to send towards Ptolemy into Egypt, desiring his help and aid, knowing him to be their chief friend, and utter enemy to Perdiccas, who with asmuch expedition would practise the discomfiture of him by espial or other martial policies, as they themselves by any possible mean could or might: wherefore incontinent they coucluded a peace with the Etholians, thinking nothing less but at last to discomfit and transfer them with their wives and children into some desert in asia far enough of.  
After they had put in writing and sealed the treaty and conclusion, they made preparation about their enterprise. Again, Perdiccas assembling his friends and Captains, consulted whether it were best first to go into Macedon with his army, or into Egypt, but they all agreed, that he should first war upon Ptolemy and discomfit him, alleging, that there was then no let or stay to go into Macedon: whereupon he following their counsel and advise, first sent Eumenes with a great band into Hellespont to guard the passages there: who departed out of Piside, and went strait into Egypt. All these matters were exploited the year that Philocles was Provost of Athenes, and Caie Sulpete and Gne Eley were created consuls at Rome.   

¶ Of the transporting Alexandre his body out of Babylon into Alexandrie. The form and fashion of the Chariot, with the Pomp and solemnity thereof.  
The xj Chapter.  
IN this mean while Aride, to whom the charge for transporting Alexandre his body was committed, so soon as he had finished the Chariot whereon it should be carried, and made ready all the rest of the furniture there to belonging, he immediately took his journey. But because the excellency of the workmanship was sumptuous and singular agéeing with the state of so honourable a parsonage as Alexander, both for the infinite charge & dispense of many Talents, as also for the singularity and excellency thereof: me think it not much from the purpose to stay a while in describing and setting forth the manner and order of the same.  
First, a Coffin was forged and beaten out of fine gold, portured and made according to the stature and bigness of the body, very full of sweet spices and many other droogs aromatic, aswell for sweetness as also for preserving the body from corruption. The cover wherewith it was covered, well proportioned and made, fitted to the same, was a finger's thickness of gold, curiously and artificially wrought. Over that was cast a purple cloth, curiously enbroidered, and wrought with gold with most excellent devices, standing upright like a brooch, whereon was hanged the armour of the dead, to the end, that all the whole work standing together, should represent the figure of his noble acts and invincible courage. After that was brought out the Chariot whereon the Coffin should be carried, covered with a tabernacle of gold, reared and set up in manner of a vault, garnished and set within with many precious stones & jewels, eight cubits broad, & twelve cubits long, under the same roof besides the workmanship thereof was a place of a state or Throne Imperial four square, by which stood a certain kind of beasts, the one half of them like hearts, and the other part like goats, thrusting out their foreparts, excellently engraven and wrought in gold, with great collars of gold about their necks, whereat hung the scutchins of the arms of Alexander such as customably are borne at high solemn feasts, pictured and coloured with most rich and orient colours. In the tops of every the corners of the place of a state was a valence finely wrought like a net, whereat hung great bells, the noise of which were heard far of. And at every corner of the Tabernacle stood a statue or Image of a Goddess victor, all of gold, bearing a Trophy in her hand in token of victory. The same vaulted Tabernacle also was supported with small pillars of gold, whose tops were enbost and enamelled like the curious Pillars of jony. Betwixt the Pillars was a square netting of gold, whereat hung four Tables all of a bigness, at every corner one, of equal distance one from an other, wherein were graven and artificially wrought diverse pictures.  
In the first was depainted a Chariot upon which sat Alexander, holding a Sceptre in his hand, royally appareled, guarded with a band of Macedonians all in arms, & an other of Persians called Portpomes likewise armed, before whom went the esquires for the body.  
In the second table were graven the Elephants which came after the armed men, appointed as if they should have been led to the wars with their Captains and Governors on their backs: to say, on the side before Indians, & on the side behind Macedonians, all appareled and appointed as they were wont to be in the wars.  
In the third were pictured and graven the battles and troops of horsemen as if they had been ready to fight.  
In the fourth were set forth the whole Navy of ships, all appareled and furnished ready to give battle. At the entry of the Tabernacle were two Lions of gold, sitting as if they marked those which entered. Atwixt the Pillars were certain leaves of gold, subtilely wrought, which mounted by little and little up to the tops. Above all this was cast a purple cloth like a Tent, which covered all over the Tabernacle without, and in the top a great crown of gold like an Olife leaf, that when the Sun cast forth his beams and shone on it, forthwith appeared such a glistering & burning light, that so many as see it far of thought it to be a hot burning furnace.  
The place of estate or throne, which was under the tabernacle, stood upon two Axeltrées turned with four persian weals, having no kind of iron work about them, but the only shoing: and for the rest, as spokes and naves, all were of gold, wrought and made like Lion's heads, biting a Dart of gold, which served in stead of lyntpinnes to keep on the wheels. In the midst, betwixt the two Axeltrées was a round pole fastened in the midst of the Tabernacle, by such artificial mean, that neither it, nor the place of estate or throne which stood upon the Chariot, being driven over Hills and Dales, ever weaved or reled either one way or other, but continually drove upright and steady. To the Chariot belonged four draft trees, and every of them had four yokes, and to every yoke were four great mulets yoked to draw it, so that there were in all lxiiij. fair and strong choice mulets, and every of them had a Crown of gold on his head, and at either side of the cheeks hung bells of gold, and about their necks collars or wreaths of gold set with many and rich precious stones.  
In this sort was the Chariot appareled: and because it was so sumptuous and costly to behold, and not almost possible to be described: there came (for the bruit and renown thereof) men out of all Countries to see it. And when it was brought into any City, the Citizens would be right angry if they stayed not until they had their full sight of it. And when it went away, they would accompany it, so that for the beauty, richness and excellency thereof, they were never wearied with the sight. For the conduct were a great numbered of Pioneers appointed to plain the ways, that it might the better pass. And to attend on it, were a great numbered of Soldiers richly appareled and armed, appointed to follow the body.  
In this pomp and glory did Aride transport Alexander his body into Egypt, being above two years making preparation, for the appareling of the same. To the receiving of which came Ptolemy with all his Soldiers, even unto the entry of Sirie, and did all that in him lay to honour it. But he thought it not best that it should be carried to the Temple of Hammon, according to his own ordinance and appointment: but rather to remain and continue in the City of Alexandrie, whereof Alexander was founder, and one of the fairest and renowmedst Cities in the world. And to the end his body should the more honourably rest, Ptolemy himself caused a Temple to be erected, meet for the worthiness of so honourable a Potentate as Alexander. Which thing done, he there honoured him with honourable and noble sacrifices as was the manner in those days, appertaining to so noble a Prince. By reason of which gratitude not men alone, but the Gods also esteemed and rewarded Ptolemy therefore. For men understanding the magnanimity & bountifulness used towards his Prince and Sovereign, came from all parts to dwell in Alexandrie, offering their service in his wars, although they knew that the army royal which Perdiccas arered, was to fight against him, and so that both he and his estate stood thereby in great hazard & danger. The Gods likewise seeing his bounty, his liberality and courtesy towards his friends, delivered him from many great and dangerous perils, as shall be well understood by that which we will hereafter treat of.   

¶ Eumenes is in battle overthrown and Cratere slain.  
The twelve Chapter.  
WHen Perdiccas see the power of Ptolemy daily increase, he imagined and devised all the mischief he could against him: wherefore he determined to bring the greater part of the army, with all the Kings of Egypt to war upon him. Again, he sent Eumenes into Hellespont, for to stop the passages against Antipater and Cratere, delivering him such numbered of men of war, as he thought would serve his turn, and such Captains and Leaders, as he best liked: ● 'mong whom was Alcete, 
Alcete.  brother to Perdiccas, and Neoptolome, 
Neoptolome.  commanding them to obey Eumenes aswell for his great conduct in martial facts, as also for the singular trust he reposed in him. After Eumenes had taken his charge, and passing towards Hellespont with his army, he took up upon the way in the country of Capadoce, whereof he was Governor, a certain numbered of men at arms, and thereby strengthened his power, which before wanted. In this mean time were Antipater and Cratere come into Asie. Which Neoptolome understanding, always hartburning Eumenes, & disdaining to serve under him, secretly practised to join with Antipater and bring a band of lusty Soldiers Macedonians under his charge: practising also and devising secret mischief against Eumenes. But the conspiracy being manifested before execution, he was constrained to fight against Eumenes, whereby he was in extreme danger: for the one part of his Soldiers were slain, and the rest reconciled them to Eumenes. Nevertheless himself with four hundred horse escaped and fled towards Antipater and Cratere, where after long consultation they concluded that Antipater should go against Perdiccas through the country of Cilicie, & Cratere against Eumenes. For they thought if Eumenes could be vanquished, & that they might a new join together with Ptolemy and his power whom they looked for, they then should be well able to encounter the army royal, and discomfit and overthrow them.  
When Eumenes understood his enemies to be at hand, he mustered his men, and arranged them in order of battle, but chief his horsemen, in whom lay all his hope of victory, because he knew right well his footmen were never able to abide the Macedonian Phalange.  
When the armies were in view one of an other, Cratere like a stout and valiant Champion exhorted his soldiers in hearty and courageous manner, giving them (if the victory lighted on their sides) the butin and spoil of the enemies Camp, thinking thereby the more to enbolden & encourage them. After which exhortation he also arranged his battle, placing himself in the right wing or vanguard, and Neoptolome in the left wing or rearward. He had in all xx. thousand footmen the greater numbered Macedonians (in whom he much trusted, because they were all men renowned and experimented in many battles and wars) and about two thousand horsemen. And Eumenes had of sundry Nations xx. thousand footmen, and about v. thousand horse, with which he thought to give the first charge: whereupon he divided his horse into two wings, and caused them to troop before the Phalang. Cratere likewise with his horse first encountered Eumenes, and fight there valiantly, was in the press overthrown and smothered. But after the horsemen which charged with him in the right wing or vanguard, understood of his death, and seeing the enemy going about to enclose them (notwithstanding their valiant fight) retired to their battle of footmen as vanquished. But Neoptolome who led the rearward of Cratere his army, & Eumenes which had the vanguard of his own, so violently charged one an other, that the fight on either side was cruel. Then the two Captains, which both by their horses and other signs & tokens knew one another, encountered body to body, and with great courage, fell & angry mood, valiantly fought: which fight was cause of victory, for after they had a while buskled and fought together with their sword, they forsook hold of their bridles, and wrestled on horseback, meaning by plain force to overthrow one another. But as they were thus wrestling, their horses drew back, & they both fell to the ground, which fall was such, that neither of them (by reason of the heaviness of their armour) could well recover their selves. Howbeit, Eumenes first recovered his feet, and coming with his sword in his hand towards Neoptolome, gave him such a blow, that he cut his ham strings clean asunder, whereby he could not arise. But his heart which supported the imbecility of his body was such, that he recovered his knees and defending himself manfully, wounded his enemy on the hand and on both his thighs: notwithstanding, himself continually bled, and because the wounds he gave Eumenes were neither deep nor deadly, Eumenes at the next encounter so violently struck him on the head, that he yielded the ghost. During this affray, the Soldiers valiantly fought: and albeit on either side was great slaughter, yet would they not give over until Neoptolome his death was known, and then the horsemen gave over and retired towards their Phalange as to their guard and place of surety.  
When Eumenes had considered that he had won honour enough in obtaining victory, and especially that he had gotten the bodies of two his chiefest enemies, he caused to sound the retreat. And after he had set up & garnished his Trophy, and buried the dead, he sent certain messengers towards the Macedonian Phalange, to exhort them to take his part, offering to as many as were disposed, leave to depart. Who taking the appointment & league confirmed by their oaths, prayed they might go to the next villages to provide them of victuals: whereunto be agreed. But after they had made their provision (falsifying their oath & promiss) they in the night stole their ways, meaning to join with Antipater, whereof Eumenes advertised and thinking of the perjured traitors to be revenged, incontinent pursued them. But seeing (what for their manly & noble courages, and also for the dolour and anguish which he felt of his wounds) that he nothing prevailed, he immediately retired. And thus through this great victory, but chief by the kill of two his principal enemies, being both noble personages & well esteemed, he acquired great renown and fame. From thence he marched towards Perdiccas, through the Country of Cilice, hoping in good time to come to his succour and help.   

¶ After Perdiccas hath brought his Soldiers into Egypt, they slay him. And Phiton and Aride are chosen Governors over the Kings.  
The xiij Chapter.  
WHen Perdiccas was entered Egypt, something near the River of Nile, 
Nile.  he encamped before the City of Peluse, 
Peluse.  and there taking upon him to scour and make clean an old ditch through which ran an arm of the River Nile, he impaired and lost all which before he had done, for the river ran then with so fierce and vehement a course, that it carried away and overflowed all: wherefore many of his Soldiers rendered to Ptolemy: for Perdiccas in the end became so detestable in pride, & beastly cruelty, that he put his Captains from all government and would by force & viole● ne over rule al. But Ptolemy did otherwise, for he was courteous & liberal to his Captains, & would gladly hear them whensoever they spoke: & beside, he provided for the meet and necessary places of Egypt, and furnished them with men, armour, weapon, and all other things needful for the defence of the Country. Wherefore, whatsoever adventures he took in hand, either in battle or else, he commonly had the better, because his Soldiers loved him so dearly, that they would hazard themselves in any danger to do him pleasure & service. When Perdiccas see this eminent mischief, meaning to get again the good wills of his Captains clearly lost, and to put things in better order, that were disordered: he by the sound of the Trumpet assembled his Captains and Soldiers, making a long protestation, wherein (with courteous and gentle words) he exhorted them, & when he had by gifts won some, and other with large promises, thinking that he had then brought them again to a good conformity to serve him, and to attempt any danger he would lead them to for his cause: he commanded them that they should by the first watch be in a readiness to march forward, not declaring to any whether he would: and continuing their journey all night with great speed, about the day break, they encamped by Nile, near a town and Castle called the Wall of the Camels, 
The Wall of the camels.  and besieged it. But after a days continuance there, he began to set over his army. And first, he put over his Elephants, next to them, his footmen which carried the terges and scaling ladders, and all the rest which were appointed for the assault of the town. After them he placed his best men at arms which should encounter Ptolemy if at any time he issued out into the fields. And as they were passing & about the midst of the river, they escried on the other side the enemy, whom Ptolemy with great speed ● hrust into the town for the defence thereof. And although they were first entered the town, which they well understood both by their noise, and sound of Trumppets, it nothing daunted the courages of Perdiccas Soldiers, but that they stoutly approached the walls, and addressed them to the scaling thereof, and they which led the Elephaunts threw down the trenches and battered and spoiled the batlements of the Curtennes: which thing Ptolemy seeing, and minding to encourage his Captains and Soldiers (whereof were many both famous and valiant) encountered them even upon the uttermost rampire at the push of the Pike, and fight in a place of advantage, put out the eyes of the foremost Elephant, and sore wounded his ruler an Indian. This done, he with great despite and mighty blows, charged the scalants, & tumbled them from the ladders into the river which ran alongst the side of the Town. Then his friends & companions in arms purposing some notable exploit, with shot so charged the other Elephant which followed the first, that they slew his governor, whereby he could do nothing. Notwithstanding all this, Perdiccas Soldiers continued the assault & forced to enter: when Ptolemy see that he than bore himself twice so bold & stout, & to give good example of well doings to all his friends, he in his own person exploited notable deeds of arms: whereby many worthy men (through the noble courages of their Captains) with adventuring lost both life & limb. And because Ptolemy had the place of advantage, & the enemy the greater numbered, the assault on either side continued long & dangerous, until at last Perdiccas seeing he could by no mean win it, and that night drew on, he retired into his Camp, & immediately without noise, privily removed and came to a place right over against the City of Memphis, where the River Nile maketh a partition like unto an Isle, and an excellent good and meet place to encamp a great & mighty army. Into this put he over his army, being hard for the Soldiers to pass, because they waded up to their chins, & through the violence and swiftness thereof so staggered, that with great pain they hardly passed. When Perdiccas had seen the dangerous and difficult passage, he sent his Elephants on the left side up into the River to break the violence of the stream, and beneath on the right hand, placed his horsemen to take up them whom the violence of the water did carry away, and so bring them to land. In this passage chanced a singular thing, and greatly to be marveled at. 
A thing to be marveled at.  For after the first company had safely passed over, the rest which followed, were in wonderful danger, because the River suddenly swelled and became so deep, that none could perceive by any apparent reason whereof it should come, for it ran above the Soldiers heads. And being inquired and reasoned of what might be the cause, answer was made, that there was some low or hollow place about the arm of the River stopped up, by mean whereof the waters goulfed, & thereupon proceeded the swelling and waxing: some said it had rained about the head or spring of the River, and that that might be the cause. But after, it was found to be neither the one nor the other, for they which went over first, so raised and removed the sand and gravel which lay in the bottom of the water, that the violence and swiftness thereof carried it away: and so by that mean became deeper, and chief in the channel. When Perdiccas see that his soldiers already over, were not able to resist Ptolemy, nor himself able to make any shift to set over the rest, he was in such a perplexity, that he commanded them that were over to return. So the mighty and strong men and such as could swim, came hardly back again, leaving behind them (notwithstanding) their armour, other which had no skill in swimming, were with the water swallowed up, and a great many violently carried down with the stream, were eaten and devoured of the Crocodiles: the rest which durst not give the adventure, yielded to the enemy, who spoiled and rob them of all they had. When Perdiccas in this sort had lost better than two thousand of his men, amongs whom were a great many good Captains, the biggest numbered of the army found them sore aggrieved with● him. Contrariwise, when Ptolemy had burnt the dead carcases which were cast on land on his side, he sent their bones to their kinsfolks and friends. When the Macedonians with Perdiccas understood that, they were then more offended with Perdicas ● than before, and inclined to the good nature and conditions of Ptolemy. But at night, all the whole Camp was filled with sorrows, complaints, lamentations, & weepings: because they had lost through evil conduct and want of good guiding (without fight) such a numbered of their friends: of which the better part of a thousand were eaten and devoured with Crocodiles: whereupon diverse of the Captains (for the causes above rehearsed) assembled, openly blaming Perdiccas. Again, the battle of footmen with threatening words showed their malice & grudge against him. For that very cause also the principal Captains assembled, amongs whom Python was chief, the same Python who at the commandment of Perdiccas, had in the hire Asie discomfited the Grecian rebels, and for his nobleness and virtue nothing inferior to any of Alexander's friends and familiars. Whereupon they all with one accord, having at their commandment certain of the men at arms, forcibly and violently rushed upon the pavillon of Perdiccas, and there incontinent slew him.  
The next day following Ptolemy came towards the Macedonians, and after he had saluted them and excused him of all such matters as Perdiccas would have charged him withal, he caused to be brought such abundance of bread, wine and diverse other necessary things, as furnished and filled their Camp: whereby he acquired so great favour and good will of the whole army, that they would needs in Perdiccas stead, make him governor and regent of the Kings: which charge he clearly refused, but made means, that that government with the whole power & authority thereof (by the advise and deliberation of the whole counsel) might be bestowed upon Python & Aride, the same Aride who transported the body of Alexander in to the City of Alexandrie. Thus and in this manner did Perdiccas (after he he had ruled and governed the principality the space of three years) lose both Empire and li● e.   

¶ After Perdiccas his death, the Macedonians slay all his kin and friends in the army, and adjudge Attale and Alcete, with their Abettors and friends, enemies and rebels. Of Attale his retire into the City of tire ● and consequently how he afresh assembleth all Perdiccas escaped friends.  
The xiiij Chapter.  
INcontinent after the death of Perdiccas, news were brought that Eumenes had overthrown and slain Cratere and Neoptolome in Cappodoce: which news if they had come and been known before Perdiccas death, there was not one amongs them (understanding the prosperous success of victory done in his favour and behalf) that once durst have laid hands on him. But after he was dead, the Macedonians (for the deeds aforesaid) adjudged Eumenes an enemy and condemned man, and L. great personages with him, amongs whom was Alcete Perdiccas his brother. They slew also all Perdiccas chief and principal friends, and his own sister Athalante, Attale his wife, than Admiral, and abiding at Peluse. But after he understood of Perdiccas death and his wife, he immediately loused thence, and with all the furniture of his Navy, sailed unto the City of tire, whom Archelay the Macedonian, Captain of the Castle there, gently received and entreated, and rendered to him the town and all the treasure which Perdiccas had delivered him to keep, amounting to the sum of viii. C. Talents. Then Attale abiding still at tire, assembled & brought together all Perdiccas friends, which diverse ways had escaped from the discomfiture & overthrow given before the City of Memphis.   

¶ The Etholians to put Antipater from his enterprise, entre Thessaly, who are constrained by the Acarnanians to return into their country: and in what sort Polispercon conquereth the country of Thessaly.  
The xu Chapter.  
WHat time Antipater was come into Asie, the Etholians who had leagued with Perdiccas warred on Thessaly, to the end to put Antipater from his enterprise: and thereupon they mustered and got together twelve thousand footmen and four thousand horse, and appointed Alexander the Etholian their General. But as they marched on the way, they besieged the Locrians, and spoiled and fouraged their territories, and took certain of their smallest towns. They discomfited also in battle Policles one of Antipater's Captains, and slew a numbered of their soldiers, & of those prisoners which they took, they ransomed some, & sold the rest. But after they were entered Thessaly, they persuaded many of the people of the country to join with them against Antipater in the war, so that in short time they had levied about xxv thousand footmen and viii. thousand horse. When the Acarnanians (enemies to the Etholians) apperceived that the other Cities joined and took part with them, they entered their Country, wasted and spoiled their fields, & besieged certain of their towns, whereof the Etholians advertised, appointed and ordained Memnon of Pharsale their Captain and general in Thessaly, 
Memnon.  & they themselves speedily returned home, at whose coming the Acarnanians trembled & feared, & by that mean their country was delivered from danger & spoil. While these matters were in deciding, Polyspercon Governor of the realm of Macedon, entered Thessaly with an army royal well appointed, & overthrew his enemies in battle, and slew Memnon their chieftain with many other, and thereby recovered the whole Country of Thessaly.   

¶ Antipater being constituted Governor of the Kings, a new divideth the Satrapies.  
The xuj Chapter.  
THen departed Python and Aride, protectors of the Kings, with their army from the River of Nile, and went to Triparadice in the higher Siry. 
Triparadis.  And after they were thither come and apperceived that Queen Eurydice had taken upon her greater care and charge about the affairs of the realm, than was meet or requisite that she should, and that she was clearly against all things that the Governors meant to do, and that they had no obedience of the army, they assembled all the Macedonians: And after they had declared unto them their minds and purposes, they discharged themselves of their government and authority. Then the Macedonians fully and wholly, those Antipater governor of the kings. Howbeit Antipater was no sooner come to Triparadice, but that he found Queen Eurydice, practising and suborning the men of war against him. Nevertheless, although they were as then very mutinous, yet assembled he them, and with fair and gracious words so wan their good wills, that be appaysed that mutiny, & put Eurydice in such fear, that she desisted from all mutinies and practises, and became most quiet. This done, he a new divided the Satrapies, and governments of the Provinces.  
And first he left to Ptolemy the region of Egypt, which he already possessed, & the reason was, because he knew not well how to put him besides it, forsomuch as Ptolemy thought that that which he had, he had gotten and held it by his own strength. To Laomedon of Mythilene, he gave the country of Syrie: To Philoxene, Cilice: And for the other Sapatries in the high countries, he bestowed on Amphimacke, Mesopotamie and Arbelite: To Seleucke, he gave Babylon: To Antigone, Fusiane: because he was the first that assailed Perdiccas: To Pencete, Perside: To Neoptolome, Carnanie: To Philip, Parthe: To Scasandre, Cyprian, Arie & Draucine: To Stasanor, Soliene, Bactriane & Sogdiane: To Oxiarte, the father of Roxamne, wife to Alexander, he gave the Paropanisades. And that part of Ind which joined on the Paropanisades, he gave to Python the son of Agenor. And the realms thereto adjoining he gave to the Kings which before enjoyed them, to say, those next the river Ind, to Poor: and those about the river Hidaspe to Taxille: because he was not able to expulse them without sending an army royal and the most of his chief and noble Captains. But touching the Provinces towards the North: To Nicanor he gave Capadoce: To Antigone, Licie which he before occupied: To Cassander, Carie: To Clyte, Helie: To Aride, the part of Phryge joining upon Hellespont. He farther constituted Antigone Martial or chief ruler of the army, commanding him to war upon Eumenes and Alcete. Nevertheless he joined with him as a companion in the said charge, Cassander his own son, Captain of a cohort of a thousand men, to the end Antigone should enterprise nothing to his own particularity, but that Antipater would be advertised thereof. These things finished, he departed with the army royal to conduct the Kings into Macedon, their chief seat and habitation.   

¶ Antigone vanquisheth Eumenes and besiegeth the City of Nore.  
The xvij Chapter.  
WHen Antigone (as aforesaid) was nominated and appointed general to go into Asie against Eumenes, and had gotten together his men of war which lay in garrison, to winter, and made ready all things necessary for war, he took his journey against Eumenes abiding in Cappadoce. It fortuned that season that Perdiccas, one of Eumenes Captains, rebelled & led away three thousand footmen and .v. hundred horse, with whom he had encamped and enpalled in a strong place three days journeys from him. Wherefore Eumenes sent against him an other of his Captains named Tenede a Phenician, to whom he delivered four thousand footmen of the best and most trained Soldiers he had, and two thousand horse: who with such diligence sped him, that suddenly about midnight, when they were all at rest and a sleep, he stole upon the said rebels, and took Perdiccas and brought him back to Eumenes, together the men of war with him, who according to the quality of the offence, punished the chief and principal procurers of that conspiracy, and divided the rest by their bands, reconciling them with gifts and fair promises.  
In this mean time had Antigone secretly sent to Apollonide general of Eumenes, horse to betray him, whom at last through large promises he corrupted, promising that whensoever they came to battle, he would retire to Antigone and revolt from Eumenes. It happened that Eumenes encamped in the midst of a large and great plain of Cappadoce, because he would be the better aided and succoured with his horse. And Antigone encamped at the foot of the hill joining upon the said plain. Now had Antigone in his host, about ten thousand footmen the better half Macedonians, notable and valiant Soldiers, and in martial facts greatly experimented, two thousand horse, and thirty elephants. But Eumenes had not many less than twenty thousand footmen, and as many horsemen. Anon, they joined battle, and whiles they were in the chief fight, Apollonide with his horse revolted and turned to Antigone, who then wan the victory, so that there were slain on Eumenes part, about eight thousand Soldiers, besides the rifling and spoiling of the Camp, which was very rich. Whereupon Eumenes his Soldiers that did escape, seeing (besides the loss of the field, their friends and companions) that they had also lost their goods, they became very desperate and out of heart.  
When Eumenes see his Soldiers in this disorder, he determined to fly towards Armenia, trusting to get certain Soldiers there which would take his part and help him. Again, seeing the enemy sore distress him, and the greater numbered of his Soldiers yield to Antigone, he retired into a little strong Town called Nore, 
Nore.  situate on a rock, and not above two furlongs compass. But by reason of the strength of the seat, and the fortification and strong building thereof, it was of marvelous strength and force, and had been of long furnished with all things necessary to abide a siege.  
Into the same Town retired Eumenes with five hundred Soldiers, which dearly loved him, all determined to spill their bloods in his service. When Antigone see his power wax strong, by reason of Eumenes Soldiers, which daily repaired to him, and that he had won his Countries, and exacted on them great store of money, he revolved in his mind many notable and worthy enterprises, seeing right well that none of the Satrapies nor Captains of asia, were able to contend against him for the Principality. Notwithstanding, he all that while dissimuled the matter until he had well assured all his affairs with Antipater whom he served and obeyed: but his meaning was, that after he had taken order & gone through with that business according to his promiss & allegiance, than neither to be subject to him or the Kings. But first he besieged Eumenes & his people within the town of Nore, & environed it with a double wall, great ditches and deep trenches. After that he parled with Eumenes, to whom he began to recount the old acquaintance and great amity between them of long had: persuading him to join with him in all his affairs & business. But Eumenes (although he see the sudden changing and alteration of his fortune) demanded greater and larger requests than the danger or necessity of the place required or deserved. For first he asked pardon of all he had perpetrated and done: again he would that those Satrapies which he before held and enjoyed, should be restored unto him. Whom Antigone answered, that he would advertise Antipater of those his demands. But after he see he could not win him to be of his faction, he left behind him at the siege such a numbered of Soldiers as he thought would suffice, and himself went against Alcete and Attale. During which time Eumenes sent his Ambassadors to Antipater, among whom Jerome (who writ the histories of the successors of Alexander) was chiefest. 
Jerome the Historian.  And although Eumenes see himself in this misery and so distressed: yet would not his heart yield, for he had experimented so many changes of fortune, that still he hoped out of hand to see an other change to his great advancement and honour. For he considered that the Kings had no more but the title & name only, and the many noble & mighty Princes which there governed, always considered & regarded their private and singular honour and estate royal, for the usurpation of the whole regiment and principality. Wherefore he thought (& he was therein not deceived) that many of those Princes should have great need of him, because he was not only a man of great wisdom and virtue, and notably experimented in martial policies, but also faithful and constant. And as he thus lay attending the occasion and opportunity of time, and seeing he could not exercise his horses by reason of the straightness of the place, he bethought him of a new kind and fashion of exercise, to the end they should not be unbreathed with still lying. First, he caused their foreparts to be tied up with iron chains so high, that the horses (do what they could) were not able to touch the planks with the tip of their hooves before, whereupon they striving to set their fore feet on the planchers, aswell as their hindre feet, laboured so sore, that they were driven into a watery sweat, by which devise they were always in breath, able to travail, and yet never come out of the stable. He also made such division of his victuals amongs the Soldiers, that every man had as great portion as himself, or rather a greater, so that he still wan their good wills and favour. In this estate were Eumenes and his men.   

¶ Of the conquest which Ptolemy maketh on the countries of Phenice and Celosirie.  
The xviij Chapter.  
BUt to return to Ptolemy, after he had dispatched him of Perdiccas, and driven out of Egypt the army royal, he held and enjoyed that country as his own, and as if he had won and got it by conquest. And considering that the Province of Phenice, and that part of Sirie called Celosirie were hard adjoining to Egypt, he took upon him to conquer them: whereupon he sent out one of his chief friends and Captains named Nicanor, 
Nicanor.  with a sufficient army into Sirie, who took in battle Laomedon, 
Laomedon.  Governor thereof, and brought under Ptolemy his subjection all Siry. From thence marched be into Phenice, and did the like, and furnished the Cities with garrisons and soon after returned into Egypt, when he had in short time performed his enterprise and voyage.   

¶ Antigone enterpriseth wars against Alcete and Attale, and discomfiteth them.  
The xix Chapter.  
THe same year that Apollodore governed Athenes, and Quinte Pompile and Quinte Publie were created consuls at Rome, soon after ● hat Antigone had vanquished Eumenes, he began to war upon Alcete and Attale, whom Perdiccas (in his life) amongs all the Chieftains and Captains in his army most honoured and esteemed: each of them having an army Ryall, able so make war and fight for the principality and government. And first he marched with his army into Piside, where Alcete, Attale, and their Soldiers were res● a●nt: and contending to come thither with speed, he with his army in seven days had traveled two thousand five hundred Furlongs, and gotten to the City of Crete, where (through his expedition) he took and furnished certain strait passages and mountains near adjoining, before Alcete knew it. But as soon as Alcete and Attale knew and understood thereof, they arranged their battle of footmen, and with their horse charged those which had won the high passages, thinking to repulse them. Whereupon the skirmish waxing very boat and cruel, with marvelous great slaughter on either side, Antigone with six thousand horse, violently and with great force, sped him against the Phalange of the ● nimy, thinking to enterclude Alcete from his footmen. Which done, they in the mountains (by reason of their great numbered and difficulty of the places) clearly repulsed Alcete. But in the retire, when Alcete see they were cut of from their footmen, and encompassed with the multitude of enemies, he then looked for none other but present death. And although the matter stood upon this tickle and dangerous point, yet at last with the loss of many Soldiers, he got and recovered to the battle of footmen. Howbeit Antigone with his mighty elephants and army marching against them in order of battle, greatly amazed them, being far the weaker. For Alcete had not in all the world above xuj thousand footmen and nine hundred horsemen, and Antigone over and beside his Elephants, had above forty thousand footmen and eight thousand horsemen. Wherefore when the Phalange of Alcete see the Elephants march towards them in the front or vanguard, and the horse by reason of the great numbered environ them, and that the footmen in a main battle marched also against them, being the greater numbered and valiaunter Soldiers, they were therewith greatly astoned, and the rather because of the place of advantage which the enemy had won, and the thing done upon such a sudden, that their Captains and Leaders had no leisure to arrange their battle. Wherefore they fled, in which flight were taken Attale, Docine, Poley, and many other noble and valiant Captains. But Alcete with his esquires and familiars together the Pisides which he waged, fled into a City of Piside named Thormese. 
Thormese.  When Antigone had won this victory, he pardoned and forgave all Alcete his men of war which were left, and divided them amongs his bands.  
But the Pisides which escaped with Alcete to the numbered of six thousand, prayed him not to be discouraged nor dismayed, promising him that they would live and die with him. For they all which were with him, singularly well loved him, because that he after Perdiccas his death, having no trusty Companions or allies in all the Country of asia, determined by gifts and courtesy to draw the Pisides to his friendship, thinking thereby to get a warlike nation to be at his commandment, and a country very strong and hard to be entered, being full of many invincible castles and forts. For this cause in all his wars honoured he them more than the rest: and of every spoil and butin which he got of any enemies, the moetie he gave to them. He was very familiar amongs them, daily inviting of the chief and principal to dinner or supper, sometime one, other while an other: rewarding them also particularly with diverse and many gifts, as those in whose friendship and alliance he reposed his final trust and confidence: wherein he was nothing at all deceived, as then appeared. For as Antigone with his whole power encamped before the town, and demanded nothing else but Alcete, notwithstanding that the ancient Burgesses of the City were of one determinate mind to deliver him, yet the lusty young gallants and Soldiers, against the wills and minds of their own fathers, concluded and agreed rather than to render so noble and worthy a man of war, to abide and sustain all mischiefs and dangers whatsoever. But when the ancient Burgesses see that neither counsel, or reason, could persuade to the contrary, they practised an other devise. Wherefore they secretly in the night advertised Antigone by their intelligencers, that they would deliver Alcete alive or dead. For accomplishing whereof they willed him after a while to approach the town and make some skirmishes and false Alarms, and suddenly to retire as though they fled, which would be a mean to cause all the lusty young gallants and Soldiers to sally out upon them, so that they being in the skirmish busied, the rest within would assault Alcete, being disfurnished of his said companions, and with ease take him. Which thing according to their demand and request, Antigone performed. For while the young and lusty Soldiers were sallied out of the town to skirmish and chase the enemy: the old men with their slaves and other lusty fellows (no men of war) assailed Alcete in his lodging: but alive they could not get him. For he seeing the present danger wherein he was, killed himself, rather than he would be rendered alive to the enemy. Notwithstanding, they laid him dead on a bear covered over with a most vile rob, & so carried him through the gates of the town to Antigone, before the young bloods in the skirmish knew of it. By this mean the ancient Citizens saved their City from desolation and spoil. But after the Soldiers understood thereof, they (for the great love they bore him) were so aggrieved and angry, that they kept one part of the town and held a counsel, wherein they first concluded and agreed to set fire on the town, and after to get them out in arms to pill and destroy Antigone his countries hard adjoining to the foot of the Mountains. Howbeit, after they took better advise than to burn the town, but got them out in arms wasting and spoiling the greatest part of the plain country of the enemy. After Antigone had gotten Alcete his body, he did him all the opprobries he knew or could devise, and in the end of three days after, it began to corrupt, he threw it into the fields without burial, and so departed from Piside. Howbeit, the lusty young gallants of Thormese took him up and honourably interred the dead. Whereby may be apperceived that the courtesy and pleasure which men do one to an other, engendereth in them which receive it, an indissoluble bond of love and amity.   

¶ After the death of Antipater, Polispercon is ordained governor of the Kings, and Cassander enterpriseth to expulse him the government.  
The twenty Chapter.  
WHat time Antigone departed from Piside, he with his army traveled into Phrigie. And as he lay to repose him in the City of Crete, there came to him Aristodeme the Milesian, 
Aristodeme.  advertising him of the death of Antipater, and farther declaring that the Empire and government of the Kings was given to Polispercon the Macedonian. Of which news Antigone was right joyous, determining now to establish himself Lord & Signior of all asia. But for a while we will omit speaking of him, & make report of all things which were done in asia.  
It happened at that season, that Antipater fell into a grievous disease, and in deed waxed so sick, that (by reason of his great age) all men thought it impossible for him to escape the danger: wherefore the Athenians thinking Demades 
Demades.  the notable Orator a meet and necessary man for such a charge, sent him in an Ambassade to Antipater, to require him that he (according to his former promiss) should call home his garrisons from the town of Munichie. 
Munychie.  And although Antipater had before time very well loved Demades, notwithstanding after the death of Perdiccas, such letters were found in Demades his chest, written with his own hand to the Kings, in which he exhorted Perdiccas to pass into Europe against Antipater, that Antipater was marvelously despited therewith. Nevertheless, he dissimuled his grudge and anger. But Demades with arrogant language and threatening words so still pursued and declared his Ambassade, that Antipater without answer caused him and his son joint Ambassadors in the same Ambassade to be apprehended, and forthwith committed them to the rulers and governors, who immediately sent them to prison, and after put them to death. Not long after when Antipater perceived he could not escape death, he nominated and appointed Polispercon governor of the Kings, 
Polispercon.  & chief of all the whole power, because he was the ancientest Chie ● ayne that had served with Alexander, and of all the Macedonians had in great honour. He ordained also Cassander his son Chiliarque or Captain of a thousand men, and next in authority. 
Cassander.  The same order of Chiliarque was first erected by the Kings of Persie, & after continued & maintained by Alexander, and therefore did Antipater long before he died, give the said office to Cassander his son when he was yet very young. Nevertheless, after the death of his father, he liked not his constitution and ordinance, but thought he had done him great injury and wrong to prefer Polispercon to the Empire before himself being his child, & not of so near alliance as he, knowing also that he was both able and sufficient to govern the Realm: as by experience enough both of his valiantness and wisdom he had before seen and well appeared. Wherefore riding abroad in the country with certain his friends, he devised with them at his leisure touching the Empire and government, and seducing every of them, moved them to take his part and aid him with their power, for the attaining of the principality, promising them in their so doing, large and honourable reward. He sent also his Ambassadors to Ptolemy, to renew and confirm the old amity and friendship lately had between him and his father Antipater, praying his aid also in the same war, and to send him out of hand his Navy from Phenice into Hellespont. He likewise sent messengers to other nobles, Captains, and cities, to be confederate with him in the same matter. And during the time of this practice, to put himself out of suspicion of this conspiracy and treason, he made semblant as though he cared for none other thing but hunting, and such like disports. In this mean while Polispercon Governor of the Kings, by the advise and cousaill of his friends, sent to Olympias Alexander his mother, praying her to repair into Macedon, & to take upon her the government of young Alexander her son's son. For Olympias by reason of the discord & enmity between her & Antipater, had long before gotten into Epire, & there continued. In this state stood the affairs of Macedon.   

¶ Antigone understanding of Antipater his death, taketh upon him the government of the Empire of asia, and sendeth to Eumenes desiring his return.  
The xxj Chapter.  
AFter it was divulged in asia that Antipater was dead, the people began to study and muse of strange and new devices, and chief such as governed under him were in doubt what to do. But amongs others● when Antigone was nominated and proclaimed Emperor of asia, and had greatly increased the oath delivered him by Antipater, through the subduing of Eumenes, Alcete and Attale, he became after so many victories so proud and arrogant, that he persuaded himself with ease to enjoy the government over all the rest, and not to be subject to the Governors. He again thought (considering his power which was at least lx thousand footmen, ten thousand horse, and thirty Elephaunts) he might rear of all the treasure in asia, for that there was none able to resist him, and hoped for his money to levy in asia a numbered of hired soldiers to augment his army. And dwelling in these imaginations and devices, he sent for Jerome the Historian, a friend & familiar of Eumenes Cardian, who lay besieged in the town of Nore aforesaid, whom he with large promises sent towards Eumenes to persuade him to forget the battle and conflict betwixt them in Cappadoce, and to join with him as his ally and companion, which if he would do, he promised honourably to reward him, and to bestow on him greater Satrapies and dominions than ever before he had, and to hold him as his most dear friend, and never to enterprise or do any thing, but that he should be privy of. After Antigone had thus done he assembled his friends, declaring to them his meaning and purpose, and entered them in a book, in which he made to some a division of certain Satrapies, and gave to other the charge and leading of Soldiers, so that in deed they all greatly hoped to be both honourable and rich, and were thereby in all his attempts & services the rather encouraged to serve him. For he determined wholly to subdue and conquer asia, and to expulse all the Satrapies, and in their steads to place his familiar and trusty friends.   

¶ Aride is repulsed from the siege of the City of Cizice.  
The xxij Chapter.  
AS Antigone was thus occupied, Aride governor of Phrigie about Hellespont (doubting the enterprise of Antigone) determined to fortify and furnish his principal Cities and towns. And because the City of Cizice was very strong and meet for the wars, he incontinent went thither, accompanied with ten thousand Mercenaries, a thousand Macedonians, five hundred Persian shot, and viii. hundred horse. He was farther well provided and furnished of all manner of weapon both great & small, engines also to shoot great stones, and pieces of wood, and all other things meet and necessary to maintain a siege. So he suddenly came upon them, and on the way he took up a great numbered of the Citizens which were dispersed abroad in the country: and after besieged the town, and would needs enforce the silly besiegeaunts to receive and take in his garrisons. And although they were unprovided of men and all other things necessary to hold out the enemy, yet determined they to defend their liberty. Notwithstanding they sent first their Ambassadors to Aride, praying him to raise his siege, saying they were all at his commandment to do whatsoever he would, except the receiving of men into garrison. But in the mean time they secretly armed all their young and lusty fellows to man the wall and curtain. And when they see Aride still urge them to receive his garrisons: they answered, they would comprimit the matter to the deliberation of the commonalty, and for dispatch thereof demanded truce for the next day and night following, which was granted: and in the mean while made they greater preparation for their defence. When Aride see he was thus deceived and mocked, he lost both opportunity & hope for winning the City, because it was very strong, both towards the Sea and land, standing almost like an Island within the Sea, and but one way to enter by land, and that part towards the Sea very strong, because Aride had there no ships. They sent also by Sea to the Bizancians for men, armour, and all other things necessary to hold out the siege, which they incontinent sent, whereupon they were greatly assured, and took marvelous courage to defend their City. Farther, they sent out their galleys alongst the shore to gather together their people which were dispersed in the country, and in the end they had assembled so great a numbered of men of war, that they sallied out upon the enemy, slew many, and repulsed the rest from the siege. Wherefore Aride (deceived by policy) returned into his satrapy without any exploit.   

¶ Antigone commenceth war against Aride, governor of Phrigie, and against Clyte, Lord of Lydie. And in the end openly proclaimeth himself enemy to the Kings, and enjoyeth one part of asia.  
The xxiij Chapter.  

●● leanly.  AS Antigone abode in the City of Celene, he was advertised of the siege of Cizice, wherefore he thought (if he sent towards them speedy aid and succour in their distress) that it would be a good occasion for him, to win the said City to be his friend and confederate. For which cause he chose out of the whole army twenty thousand of his most warlike Soldiers, and three thousand horse, and in his own person speedily marched to aid the Cizicians: And although the siege was raised before his coming, yet ever after they became and remained his most bounden friends. Notwithstanding, he sent his Ambassadors towards Aride, declaring to him that he had done very ill to besiege a free City of Grece, and friend to the Macedonians: considering the people thereof had in nothing abused him, and that he had showed enough to make himself of a Deputy and Governor a Potentate and commander, commanding him therefore to give over his said satrapy, and for his habitation to betake him to one only City. When Aride understood the charge of the Ambassadors, he greatly detesting the arrogancy of Antigone, answered, that he was not as yet determined to leave his satrapy, but to keep and defend it: and if Antigone would come to expulse him, he should then see whether of them had the better right. After the Ambassadors had received this answer and were departed, he soon after fortified and furnished his Cities and towns. He also sent to Nore a band of Soldiers, to Eumenes under the leading of one of his own Captains, thinking thereby to win his favour and be his confederate. When Antigone had received answer from Aride, he sent one half of his army against him, and himself with the rest, travailed into Lydie to chase out Clyte Governor thereof. But so soon as Clyte understood the cause, he garrisoned his Cities, and made as good provision against him as he could. That done, he immediately went to Sea, and transfreted into Macedon, signifying to the Kings, the boldness of Antigone, & said that he went about to advance himself to some high and honourable estate, and to rebel against them: praying therefore aid for the repressing of him.  
In the mean time Antigone by the intelligence of certain citizens, took at his first coming the City of Ephese. But after he understood that Eschil the Rhodian was there arrived, 
Eschilus.  and would for the behove of the Kings carry out of Cilice into Macedon, in four ships, six hundred Talents: he intercepted them and took it away, saying that he had great need thereof for the wageing of his mercenaries: which deed imported that he meant to establish himself some great Prince and to war upon the kings. When he had this done, he went against the other Cities of asia, and by violence and practise brought many under his subjection.   

¶ Of diverse adventures which happened Eumenes, and of his deliverance from the siege of Nore.  
The xxiiij Chapter.  
WE will here leave a while to speak of Antigone, and return to Eumenes, who (besides many and diverse mishaps) had also been in sundry adventures, both good and bad: for after the death of Alexander, he still took part with Perdiccas, who gave him the satrapy of Cappadoce and the countries thereto adjoining, in which he had assembled and got together numbers of men of war and great sums of money, getting thereby great renown, always living in prosperity and felicity. He in battle vanquished and killed Cratere and Neoptolome: two of the most renowned Captains amongst all the Macedonians, and all the Soldiers which served under them, which had been continual victors where ever they became. But when he thought himself most puissant, and none able to resist him, he was by Antigone in battle suddenly vanquished and constrained to fly and retire with a few of his friends into a little town & castle: where being besieged and enclosed with a double trench, could not in one whole year be aided to raise the siege. Howbeit, about the years end, when he was almost out of hope & in despair, suddenly came unto him present remedy: For Antigone (who still held him besieged, having altered his determination and purpose, sent to him, requiring his friendship & company: and after he had taken his oath and faith, he delivered him of the siege. Who departing thence, travailed into Cappadoce: and being there but a short time, assembled the Soldiers lately under his charge dispersed through the said country: and by reason of the earnest zeal and love they had to him, he had gotten together in a little while, a great numbered at his commandment. For over and beside the six hundred which were with him during the siege, he had gotten above two thousand other soldiers, and in the end came to great authority: for he was made General of the army Royal, to war upon those which rebelled against the Kings, as hereafter shallbe declared. But at this present we mean to leave speaking of the matter in asia, and make mention of those which happened in Europe.   

¶ Cassander showeth himself enemy to Polispercon, and getteth to his alliance many of the satraps. Polispercon by an edict royal restoreth the Cities of Grece into their ancient liberty.  
The xxv Chapter.  
WHen Cassander (of whom we have before spoken) of himself put from the Empire & government of Macedon, kept not his desire longer undiscovered, but purposed by violence to obtain & recover the said government: thinking it a great dishonour to suffer any other than himself, to have the rule and authority which his father held & enjoyed. But apperceiving that the Macedonians in general were prompt and ready at Polispercon his commandment, and took his part, he secretly began to discover his intention to his trusty friends, and under a colour made them go towards Hellespont occupying himself many days in the country in chase and hunting, to the end his people should believe and think that he forced not of any high enterprises or princely government. But after he had dispatched & put all things in a readiness, he secretly departed & went towards Hellespont, sending forthwith to Antigone, praying his aid, & advertising him that Ptolemy had promised the like. Whereunto Antigone accorded, and promised to send out of hand both Soldiers and ships. This friendship feigned he to do, for the great love he had always borne to Antipater his father, but truth is, he meant none other thing but to trouble Polispercon in his wars and affairs: to the end that while those matters were in deciding, he might seize on the whole country of asia: and after attain to the Empire of Macedon.  
When Polispercon had seen the sudden departure of Cassander, he knew he meant to work him great trouble and mischief: wherefore he did nothing without great advise of his friends and the chief of Macedon, declaring unto them, that he clearly see the Antigone would aid Cassander, and by that mean should win the Cities of Grece, because that diverse of them were guarded by the servitors of his father, and the rest governed by some of the Citizens whom his said father had deputed governors, and had always supported them. He see also that Ptolemy governor of Egypt, and Antigone, who apparently had already withdrawn him from the obeisance of the Kings, would aid him, either of them having an huge and mighty host, great store of treasure, and held under their obeisance great countries and provinces. When they had at large consulted on these matters, and that every man had said his opinion, he was finally resolved to restore the Cities of Grece into their popular governance and liberty, thereby to depose the Tyrants and Governors assigned by Antipater. For the Macedonians thought by that mean to diminish and abate the power of Cassander, and that the Kings and Polispercon should win great honour and renown, together the friendship of all the Cities who greatly might help them with their service. Whereupon they sent out commandments to all the cities, that they should send their Ambassadors to the Kings: which they did. And when they were all assembled, it was by the kings declared and signified to them, that they should be of good courage, and have an assured hope and confidence that they would restore them to their ancient liberty and popular government: delivering forthwith in writing the decree of the said deliberation to be carried and published without delay unto the Cities: to the end they should know the liberality and frankness of the said Kings and Macedonians towards them. The contents and effect of which decree was written in Greek as followeth.  
Forasmuch as our noble progenitors have in times passed greatly pleasured & gratified the Grecians: 
The substance of the Decree.  We therefore pursuing & following their institution and ordinance therein, do declare and pronounce to all people the love and good will we bear towards the Greeks. Wherefore, since the death of Alexander ● and that the realms came to our possession and governance, thinking that they are all determined to peace and quietness, and also contented to stand to the institutions and ordinances concerning the weal public established by Philip our noble parent, we have herein addressed our letters to all the said Cities. But because of our absence in far countries some of the said Greeks, not rightly understanding our meaning and intention, making war upon the Macedonians: certain of them chanted to be vanquished by our Captains and Chieftains of war, whereby many inconveniences ensued to some of their Cities: which troubles and misfortunes ought to be imputed to the fault and negligence of our said Captains. Wherefore we, for our parts considering the ancient amity and benevolence of our Ancestors towards you and yours, are desirous and by virtue of this decree do grant you peace, and farther do remit & restore you into that liberty and Civil government which you heretofore have had under Philip and Alexander: and that all you and every of you, do govern according to the ordinances first by them to you granted: we will also, that all those which were banished and expulsed the Cities by our lieutenants and Chieftains of war, since Alexander passed into Asie, be called home, and being so called and come again, will by these presents, that they recover and enjoy all their goods, and ever hereafter to live peaceably without sedition in their country, forgetting all injuries and wrongs done and pass, and be partakers of the honours and civilities of their Cities, aswell as any other. And that all decrees and sentences made to the contrary, shall be revoked and made void (except and always reserved all such as are banished for murder, or any other like villainous act, except also and reserved all those which were banished Megapolite, for the treason conspired with Polyenote, except also the Amphisencians, Tricians, Pharcondonians and Heraclians.) And for the rest we well they be called back, and received home on this side the thirty day of April. And if Philip our Father and Alexander our brother, have ordained and made any ordinances or laws particular contrary to this, let them which find themselves aggrieved come to us, and we will take such order, as shall be both honest and reasonable for either part. And for the Athenians, we will that they continue and remain as they did in the time of Philip and Alexander, and to enjoy the city of Orope, and country thereof as they did at that present: together the City of Samye, as Philip our progenitor and noble parent delivered it them. In this doing we forbidden the Greeks that they enterprise nothing, neither serve or aid any whom soever against us, upon pain of banishment both they and their posterity, with confiscation of their lands and goods, which attempt or do the contrary. Of all which things we have given notice and power to Polispercon & Deicete to execute, willing therefore and commanding you wholly to obey him accordingly, as we have heretofore written unto you. For if any take in hand to do contrary to our ordinance aforesaid, we will by no means suffer and abide it.  
When Polispercon had published this edict, he commanded the Argives and other Cities to expulse the Governors whom Antipater had authorized, and to condemn and put certain of them to death, and confiske their goods that Cassander might not be helped thereby. He writ also to Olympias to return into Macedon, and take upon her the government of Alexander, until he came to age. He writ likewise letters in the names of the kings to Eumenes, not to reconcile him to Antigone, but to take part with the kings, and return into Macedon, where he should be received as a compainon with the said Polispercon to the government of the said kings: or else if he would farrie in asia, there should be sent unto him both men and money to war upon Antigone, an utter enemy and rebel against the kings: and that he would also render the Satrapies which Antigone had expulsed him: together, all the rest which he before held and enjoyed in Asie. Saying farther, that it was he above all other, which of right aught to be most zealous and vigilant about the affairs and authority of the line Royal, by which he was altogether preferred and honoured: following his accustomed care and diligence which he before at all times had showed to the same. And if he needed greater force, the said Polispercon would with the kings and their power come into Asie. These matters were done the year that Archippe governed Athens, and Quinte Elye and Lucy Papyre were created consuls at Rome.   

¶ Eumenes' taking part with the kings, goeth into Cilice: and of his practices to get men of war.  
The xxuj Chapter.  
Soon after that Eumenes was departed the City of Nore, he received letters from Polispercon, wherein were contained over and beside the things abovesaid, how that the kings (somewhat to countrevayle his great loss) had freely given him five hundredth Talents, and that they had written to the Praetors and receivers of the country of Cilice, to deliver him other five hundred Talents, and so much money besides as was sufficient to pay his soldiers wages, and for the buying of all other his provision for the wars, and that the Captains of the Argiraspides who had about six thousand men, should serve under the said Eumenes as Lieutenant to the kings, and Lord and Governor of all A● ie. Anon were brought letters from Olympias to him, praying and requiring his aid in the behalf of the kings, and her: For that he alone had been always just and faithful to the kings and was presently able to deliver them from the troubles which grew daily upon them. And farther, she desired his counsel, whether it were her best to remain in Epire, and not to give credit to them which seemed but protectors and governors, and in deed affected the only kingdom, or to return into Macedon. Whom Eumenes again answered by letters, that he thought it the surest way for her to remain still in Epire, until she see some end of the wars. But Eumenes evermore trusty and faithful to the kings, purposed not to take part with Antigone, affecting the kingdom, but rather to serve the Son of Alexander, yet a boy (who through the wickedness of his Captains & servitors wanted aid) and to adventure himself for his cause in all dangers. Wherefore he departed incontinent out of Cappadoce with eight hundred horse, and two thousand footmen, having no time to tarry and abide, for all those which promised to join with him, because Antigone (understanding that he was his enemy) had in all haste sent Menander with a mighty army to expulse him Cappadoce. 
Menander.  When Menander came thither, and found Eumenes gone three days before, he determined to pursue him, but seeing he could not over reach him, he retired into Cappadoce. Shortly after, Eumenes (through his great speed, passing the mount Thaure) got to Cilice. As soon as Antigene and Teutame (Captains of the Argiraspides, who served the kings) understood of his coming, 
Antigene.  
Teutame.  they met him on the way with a numbered of their friends: who after they had rejoiced together with him, in that he had escaped from so many dangers, they freely and readily offered him their service. In like case also did the Argiraspides Macedonians, greatly wondering at the variety of his fortune, considering that not long before he was adjudged a rebel to the kings, he and all his friends condemned to death, and now reversing their judgement, they had not only pardoned him, but also had given him the government of their whole Empire. 
The variety & instability of worldly things.  Notwithstanding, such as considered Eumenes strange Fortune, little or nothing marveled thereat. For what is he, which marketh and noteth the instability of our life, that knoweth not the change and mutability of fortune? Or who is he, which overmuch trusteth to the honour and prosperity, which in this world happeneth him that is not subject to fleshly britlenesse? For the common and ordinary life of men governed and ruled by some secret ordinance of God, is without any stability, continually turned to good and evil. Wherefore let no man marvel if any thing chance to him suddenly, but rather if whatsoever cometh, cometh not unlooked for. And therefore by good reason ought all men to commend histories. 
The commendation of Histories.  For the variety and instabilite which men in worldly matters find by experience, abateth the pride and ambition of those which have in them any felicity, and enboldeneth and giveth hope to such as are in adversity, as to Eumenes chanced, who knowing the slipperness of worldly Fortune, constantly endured his infelicity, hoping and looking for better: And then seeing himself preferred and advanced to great authority, & foreseeing the inconstancy of Fortune, very wisely and circumspectly ordered his affairs and business. For first he considered, that he being a stranger, the government of a realm and so princely an estate was unmeet & not appertaining unto him: and that those whom he should govern were Macedonians, and had condemned him to death: and that all the Captains and Governors of the Provinces were honourable personages, and of high courages, and pretended great and weighty enterprises. Wherefore he suspected, that if he should take upon him so great a charge, they would contemn him being a stranger, and thereby he should get great enmity, and always stand in danger of losing his life. For he knew well, that the Macedonians would in no wise be at his commandment, because they reputed him a mean man, and much inferior to them, and therefore rather thought that he should be subject to them, than they to him. Wherefore all these things considered, he declared to the Captains and Soldiers, that first, where it had pleased the Kings by their letters to grant him for his relief .v. hundred Talents, he highly thanked them, but utterly refused the receipt thereof: saying, he needed not so great a reward and gift, since he affected neither Empire or dominion: nor to have any such charge was his desire, but that by the letters of the kings he was commanded to do it: neither was he able any longer to abide the labours & travails of war, because he was now sore bruised and lame: doing them farther to weet, that he looked not thereby to attain to any principality, considering he was a stranger and not a Macedonian. He also affirmed, that in his sleep he see such a vision, that him thought necessary to be manifested to them, forasmuch as in his judgement it might be an help to unity and concord, and also very profitable to the common wealth. He thought in his sleep, that Alexander appeared to him as if he had been alive: and in the same robes which he commanded all his princes and Captains, and ministered the laws appertaining to the Empire. Wherefore quoth he) I think it good that of the king's treasure a Throne imperial be forged & made of gold, and thereupon to be placed and set the statue or image of Alexander crowned, holding a Sceptre as he did in his life time. And that all the Princes and Captains shall every morning assemble there, and after the sacrifice finished, to sit in counsel of the affairs of the wars: and whatsoever is concluded on, to take it as from the mouth of the said Alexander: which thing was thought good by all the assistants, and they all out of hand caused the said deliberation to be executed, and forged a statue or image: because in the treasury of the kings was great store of gold and silver: Whereupon within few days after, an image was installed in a Throne Imperial with a Diadem, Sceptre and other kingly robes. About the same was an Altar reared up, and fire laid thereon, of which all the Captains took coals, and put them in Censures of gold, wherewith they encensed the Statue with sweet and precious smells, making sacrifice thereto as unto God. After the sacrifice was done, stools and forms were brought, whereon sat all the noble Princes and valiant Captains, consulting of the incident affairs. In doing whereof Eumenes took upon him no authority or title of Governor, but showed him in all points equal to them, and through curteons and gentle language, was void of all grudge and hatred, and got the good wills of all the Captains. Moreover, because of the superstition they used towards the statue of Alexander, they hoped to prosper as if some God had governed and guided them. And using the same humanity towards the Argiraspides Macedonians, they highly esteemed him and accomted him worthy the charge and government of the affairs of the kings. This done, he sent his principal and wisest friends to assemble and wage other Mercenary Soldiers, appointing large salary and entretainement. Of which Commissioners some departed into Piside, Lycie, and other Regions néereby: other into Celosirie and Phenice: the rest into Cypress: so that amongst them they levied a great numbered of men. But after it was noised that they took up Soldiers, and gave good entretainement, a numbered of good fellows of the Cities of Grece, offered their service and were enroled, so that in short time (as besides the Argiraspides and other whom Eumenes brought with him) they had gotten together, above ten thousand footmen and two thousand horse.   

¶ Ptolemy goeth about to cause the Argiraspides to kill Eumenes, whom he by his wisdom appeased, and after sendeth an army by Sea into Phenice.  
The xxvij Chapter.  
WHen Eumenes in short time was suddenly became puissant, Ptolemy arriving with his Navy at the City of Zephir, 
Zephir.  in the country of Cilice, sent letters to the Argiraspides, signifying to them, that they ought not of right to obey Eumenes, considering he had been by the Macedonians already condemned to die. He sent also strait admonition to all the towns in Cilice, not to deliver him any money: promising to save them harmless against him. Howbeit, there were none that made any account of his letters, because the kings, Polispercon their governor, and Olympias, Alexander his mother, had written to the contrary, that they should obey Eumenes, and to whom they should give whatsoever he demanded, as to the Lieutenant general of the kings, having full power and authority. Now waxed Antigone marvelous angry, by reason of Eumenes his authority. For he knew it was Polispercon who had so advanced and set him in such room to plague the rebels against the kings. Wherefore he determined either by treason, or some other villainous mean, to bring him to his end. And therefore sent he Philote one of his chief friends with letters to the Argiraspides and the rest of the Macedonians. 
Philote.  Whereupon he incontinent appointed thirty Macedonians, both wise and well spoken, to accompany him: commanding them to press and talk with the Captains of the Argiraspides, to say Antigone and Teutane, and to promise, (that if they would kill Eumenes) to reward them largely, and beside bestow on them greater Dominions than before they enjoyed: and make the like promises to all the Argiraspides with whom they had any acquaintance or familiarity. Howbeit, they found few or none agreeing thereto, but Teutane only, who in all he might laboured to win Antigone his companion. But he as one that esteemed his faith and honour, did not only gainsay so wicked and villainous an act, but in the end, converted his corrupted friend, saying, that it were much better for them that Eumenes did live and bear rule, than Antigone. For that if Antigone attained the greatest dignity and authority, he would expulse them their Satrapies and give them to his friends: where Eumenes being a stranger durst not affect the principality, but continuing chieftain and Lieutenant, would always gently and favourably entreat them as his special friends and companions: and in taking his part, would suffer them to enjoy and possess their Satrapies, and peradventure bestow some better upon them. By this mean and persuasion they which came to betray Eumenes, were frustrate of their enterprise. Notwithstanding Philote assembled the Argiraspides, and the other Macedonians, to whom they presented their letters written by Antigone, wherein he greatly accused and charged Eumenes, commanding them incontinent upon the sight of the letters, to apprehend and put him to death: And in case they would not, he threatened and meant with his whole power to come against them, for their disobedience sharply to punish them. When the letters were seen and read, both Captains and Soldiers stood in great perplexity and doubt● for they see that they by no mean could escape the danger, because (if they took part with the kings) Antigone would overthrow them: and if they obeyed Antigone, the kings than would plague them. And as they were in this trouble of mind, Eumenes boldly entered the assembly: & after he had read the letters, he pronounced unto them, that of duty and allegiance, they ought to obey the kings, and not to give ear to such as rebelled against them, so that through his words and persuasions, he in such sort confirmed them, that he both assured his own estate, and likewise still won their favours and good wills. And where he was before in marvelous danger, he now again suddenly became to be advanced to high authority. Incontinent after, he marched forward with his army towards Phenice, purposing to assemble all the ships of the Cities, and to send a mighty Navy to Sea, to the end, that Polispercon should be Lord of the Seas to pass into Asie, to war upon Antigone.   

¶ Nycanor keeping and occupying the Port of Pyre against the Athenians, is besieged by Alexander Polispercon his son, and of the mutiny in the City of Athenes.  
The xxviij Chapter.  
AT the same time that the things abovesaid were exploited in Phenice, Nycanor Captain of the City of Munichie, understanding that Cassander was departed Macedon, and gone to Antigone, and that Polispercon would come with his army Royal shortly into the country of Athenes, he persuaded the Athenians to keep their friendship and amity with Cassander. And when he see they stayed not at his words, but instantly required him to take away his garrisons which kept the city, he meant to entertain and delay them: desiring them to pause a while, and after that, would take such order, that they should have cause to be well contented and satisfied. Now in this mean time that the Athenians were quieted with these words, he privily thrust in the night by little and little all the Soldiers of Athens into the Castle of Munychie, so that he was then able with those Soldiers to keep and maintain the same place, and defend himself against the assailauntes, which crafty dealing the Athenians seeing, sent their Ambassadors towards the kings and Polispercon, to demand aid, according to the edict published for the liberty of the cities of Grece. They also called many counsels to see by what mean they might expulse Nycanor. But while they thus consulted, Nycanor found the mean to wage a certain numbered of Mercenaries, with whom in a night he sallied out of Munychie, and seized on the entry or mouth of the Port of Pyre. 
Pyre.  When the Athenians see that in stead of recovering Munychie they had lost Pire, they were sore aggrieved. Wherefore they chose certain Ambassadors of the worshipfullest of the City, Nycanors very friends, and sent to him: to say, Photion the son of Phoce, Thymon the son of Thymothe, and Clearcke the son of Nansicles, commanding them to challenge and blame him for that fact, and to require that they might be restored to their Civil government, according to the Decree of the kings before by them published. Nycanor answered, that they must send to Cassander by whom he was deputed Garden of the same: because without him, he had no authority to dispose or take away any thing. In the mean time letters came to Nycanor from Queen Olympias, commanding him to render to the Athenians, Munichie and Pire. Then Nycanor seeing that the kings and Polispercon would have Olympias come into Macedon, and restore her to the government of the infant, and give her as great authority as she had in the life of Alexander, fearing therefore to disobey her, promised the Athenians to make restitution to them according to the form and tenor of her letters. Notwithstanding, he delayed them from day to day, making many excuses. During this season, the Athenians considering that in times past they had marvelously endeavoured themselves to honour Olympias the Queen, and that the honour which they had done to her, was well employed and bestowed: and that therefore they might by her means recover their liberty without danger, they became marvelous glad, and fed themselves with vain hope. But before Nycanor had accomplished his promise, Alexander Polispercon his Son arrived in their Country with a great army. Then the Athenians thinking that he was come to restore them the Cities of Munychie and Pyre, were in marvelous joy. But it chanced contrary to their expectation: for he came to seize to his own use on the said Fortresses, and to furnish them with garrisons for his own aid in the wars. At his coming, certain conspirators, Antipater his friends and Photion himself fearing punishment for their disobedience and rebellion against the ordinances of the Kings, met with Alexander, and counseled him according to the necessity of the case, and what was best for his commodity and profit, but chief that he should furnish the fortress with his own Soldiers, and not render them unto the Athenians, before Cassander were discomfited. When Alexander was come before Pyre, he forthwith pitched his camp and besieged the Town, and fell to a parley with Nycanor touching the same, without calling any of the Athenians to counsel, or once making them privy: so that it manifestly appeared then, nothing to be done for the profit and common utility of the City. By reason whereof, the people assembled and deposed the officers then in authority, and assigned and deputed new: and such as they thought more affectioned to the popular faction. And certain which had the government of any particular office: some they condemned to death, and other to perpetual exile, with confiscation of their goods: amongs whom was Photion, who in Antipater his time had the greatest room and authority within the City. And after, he with the rest which were deposed, repaired all to Alexander Polispercon his son, trusting by him to be restored, whom he right gently received, giving them his letters addressed to Polispercon his father, praying him not to permit and suffer Photion and his adherents to be destroyed, who had taken part with him, and had always been ready to do what pleasure and service him liked. The people of Athenes also sent their Ambassadors to the said Polispercon, to accuse Photion, and to demand that the City of Munychie might be rendered to them, & themselves restored to their liberty and popular governance. When Polispercon understood the whole matter, he greatly desired to keep the Port of Pyre, being a meet and necessary place for the affairs of war. Nevertheless, fearing to be reputed a dissembler and double man if he went against that which he before had commanded by a common and public Decree, and that he would not be accounted and taken deceitful and disloyal, chief to do wrong to that which was the principal City of Grece, altered his determination & courteously answered the Ambassadors of the people: whereupon Photion and his adherents were apprehended & sent bound to Athens, comprimitting the whole matter to the will & choice of the Athenians, whether they would condemn and put them to death, or remit and forgive the effendours. Wherefore when the people were assembled to sit in judgement of Photion and his complices: the most of the banished in the time of Antipater which took part against him, grievously accused and adjudged them worthy the death, the sum of which accusation was this: that they after the Lamian war were the principal and chief causers that their City and Country were brought in thraldom and bondage, the government and authority of the people wholly extinguished, and the laws and ordinances of the same Country clearly violated and infringed. When the day assigned was come, Photion very sagely and wisely began to plead and defend his cause: but so soon as the multitude and great numbered of the people heard him begin to speak, 
The fury of the people.  they made such a noise and uproar, that he could not be heard. When the noise was ceased, and that he began again to speak, they likewise interrupted and stopped him that he could have no audience: for the multitude of the base sort, which had been degraded and put from the public government, being suddenly newly authorized, were very insolent against those which had deprived them their liberty. Howbeit Photion in danger to lose his life, boldly and stoutly stood to the defence of his justification, so that these about him heard what he said. But they which were any thing farther of, could hear nothing for the noise and uproar of the people: but they might all see, that he spoke and made many gestures with his body, as a man in great danger and fear. But in the end when he see no boot, he with a loud voice cried and said, that he was contented to die, but prayed that they might be forgiven whom he had inveigled and attracted to his will and pleasure, some forcibly, and some by gentle admonitions and persuasions. When certain of Photions' friends see that the violence and rage of the people ceased not, they pressed in to speak for him, whom the multitude incontinent harkened unto, before any man knew what they would say: But after it was perceived they spoke in the favour of the accused, they were in like sort rejected by the clamours of the people, so that in the end by the common voice and exclamation of the multitude, they were condemned to death, and that done carried to prison. Then many of their friends seeing their misery, were very pensive and sorrowful. For when they see that such personages being the chief and principal of the City, as well for their nobility as their authority and renown, & had done many good and gracious deeds to the City, were in such sort condemned without order of justice, they greatly feared to come in the like danger. But forasmuch as fortune is common and mutable, many of the people dispiteously aggrieved with the said Photion, spoke all the outrages & viltanies against him they could, reproaching him of many wicked acts & deeds, as people commonly do which dissimule their anger against them in authority: But when they see fortune turn her sail, & that it otherwise happeneth, then will they without reason or measure, in all despiteful cruelty utter and show forth their privy grief and pestiferous malice. Not long after, the condemned, according to the custom of the country, drank poison, and their carkaises were thrown without the limits and precincts of Athens unburied, and this was their end.   

Polyspercon besiegeth Cassandre in Pyrey, and perceiving that he could not win it, departeth thence and besiegeth the city of Megalopolis, where by the wisdom and policy of Demades, he is at an assault repulsed.  
The xxix Chapter.  
DUring the time that these matters were done in Asia, Antigone had sent Cassander with xxxv tall warlike galleys, and four thousand soldiers to sail into Pire: whom Nichanor captain of the Castle, received and rendered to him the port and castle. But as for Munichie Nicanor guarded and held that with his own garrison. When Polispercon who abode and continued in Phocide, understood that Cassander had taken and enjoyed Pire, he came into the Country of Athens, and encamped before Pire, with twenty thousand Macedonians, and four thousand strangers and confederates, and three score and five Elephants, and besieged the same. But seeing the scarcity and want of victuals, and the siege like long to continue, he left behind at the siege such number of Soldiers as the Country might well victual, deputing for his lieutenant Alexander his son, and himself with the rest, being the greater number, entered Peloponess, to the end to force the Megalopolitanes to come under the obeisance of the Kings, being greatly inclined to Cassander, and the continuation of their oligarchy: to say, the government of certain particular offices and dignities which Antipater had appointed them. While Polispercon was about this enterprise, Cassander with his Navy having alliance with the Eginets, went and besieged the City of Salamine his enemy: And every day with shot, whereof he had foison, assaulteth the town, bringing them in great hazard and fear. And being almost in despair, aid came from Polispercon both by sea and land. Whereupon Cassander was so daunted, that he raised his siege and returned to Pire. After that Polispercon meaning to set and order and stay about the affairs of Peloponese, assembled before him the Deputies of all the Cities: whom with gentle and gracious words he alured to join with him, and afterward sent his Ambassadors to all the Cities, commanding them that they should suddenly kill all the governors appointed by Ptolemy, and restore the government to the people. Which commandment the people incontinently obeyed, so that there were great slaughters and banishmentes throughout the Cities of the friends of Antipater. Then the commonalty being restored to liberty and authority, joined with Polispercon. And because the Megalopolitames would not obey, but still stick to Cassander, Polispercon fully determined to besiege them. When they understood his meaning and purpose, they incontinently caused all their goods in the Country to be brought into their town, and after mustered and took view of their people, which were of Citizens and foreigners, about fifteen thousand besides their slaves, all able men, and divided them into two bands: whereof some made rampires and other works, some manned the walls, so that at one instant they were all busied and occupied: One company ditched about the Town, an other company carried wood and earth out of the fields to make the Rampires, other repaired and mended the walls where they were any thing at all decayed, some forged harnays and engines of Artillery, and on this sort was all the whole City occupied, because that every one was minded, and disposed thereto, for so much as the power which came against them, were men of invincible courages, and the Elephants of great violence and might. Not long after that they had brought all things into a readiness and perfection, Polispercon with his whole army arrived before the same, and on both sides besieged it. On the one side encamped Macedonians, and on the other side his allies and strangers. He builded also many Towers of wood, higher than the curtain and wall, and planted them in places convenient, and thrust into them soldiers, with very great plenty of shot or slings, who stoutly fought with them which manned the walls, towers & bulwarks. He undermined likewise three of their towers, and one part of the curte●, and after gave fire to the mines, and overthrew them: When the Macedonians see the overthrow of them, they made a great outcry, whereat the townsmen were marvelously dismayed, to see their curtain laid on ground: Nevertheless when they see the Macedonian● force to enter the breach of the towers and walls, they divided themselves into two bands, whereof one band stood to the defence, and through the advaunting, and difficulty of the passages where the enemy would have entered, they valiantly repulsed them. The other band made new rampires and bulwarks more within the town: so that besides the wall or curtain which was overthrown, they did make an other curtain and trench a good distance from the first, working day and night until they had ended and finished it, furnishing the same with shot and engines of artillery, wherewith they sore hurt and galled the enemy upon the towers of wood, so that on each side were many hurt and slain until night approached, and then Polyspercon cau● ed to sound the retreat, and retired into his camp.  
The next day in the morning he gave a fresh assault and wan the breached commanding his Pioneers to cast abroad the rubbish and great stones which lay on heaps, into the ditches and trenches, for smoothing and plaining the ground, that his elephants might come near, because than they would greatly help to win and take the town. But the Megalopolitains' through the wisdom and conduct of Damides, who had long served with Alexander in Asie, 
Damides.  & knew the nature of Elephants, found an excellent remedy against them, and through his policy and travail, made those monstrous and terrible beasts unprofitable, and able to do nothing in manner as followeth.  
First, he caused many doors and gates to be made, & thrust them full of great pings, and laid them within the little shallow ditches, with the points of the pins upward, and covered them with moulds of earth, and such light stuff, that they might not be seen: and when the enemy came to assail, to place on every side a strong company of shot of all sorts, and none before, so the Polyspercon seeing none to resist at the front of the entry, brought on his Elephants through the breach into the town. But as soon as they came to the place where the ditches were, they by reason of their heaviness, so hurt their feet, that they could neither go forward, nor backward, chief because of the violence of the shot, which came so thick against them on the side, that the greater part of the Ind● ans, their leaders, were sore hurt or slain, not able to govern them, and the beasts feeling themselves hurt, returned in great disorder against their own people, and marvelously hurt them: and in the end, the mightiest and fiercest fell down dead, and the rest able to do no good, overthrew their own company. When the Megalopolitanes see that they had thus repulsed the enemy, they were delivered from all fear, and waxed very proud.   

After Clyte hath overthrown at sea Cassander, he is through the wisdom of Antigone, soon after discomfited, and finally slain in his flight.  
The xxx Chapter.  
AFter this repulse, Polyspercon repented him, that he had besieged the City before it was needful: And because he would lose no time, he left one part of his army at the siege, and with the rest, he intended some greater and more necessary exploits: Wherefore he sent Clyte Admiral with his whole Army into Hellespont to stop his enemies for passing out of asia into Europe, commanding him to call upon Aride, to accompany him, abiding with his army in the City of Cyane, 
Cyan●.  for fear of Antigone his enemy. When Clyte had sailed and was come to the passage of Hellespont, and had taken in Aride and his men of war, and won to be his confederates, the Cities of Proponetie, Nicanor captain of Munychie was sent by Cassander, with all the ships there, with a certain company of other Soldiers, which Antigone had also sent, to the numbered of one hundredth, and encountered Clyte about Bizance. 
Bizance.  So he gave him battle, but Clyte won the victory, in which he sunk xvij sail of Nicanors, and prized forty, and the men within them. The rest packed on sails, and fled into the port of Calcedone. After which overthrow, Clyte thought that his enemies durst no more encounter him at sea, by reason of their great loss. notwithstanding Antigone advertised of the said conflict, shortly after through his wisdom and diligence amended and requited the same. For be found a mean to get from the Bizances a certain numbered of small ships which he furnished and charged with store of shot, 
A Stratagem.  and nimble and quick footmen, and sent them into Enrope, who being landed before the dawning of the day, gave the alarm to Clyte and his Soldiers, encamped on the land, whom they so disordered, that they retired to their ships out of array, leaving the greater part of their baggage behind them, and many that did tarry for the saving thereof, were slain or taken prisoners. In the mean while Antigone furnished his greatest ships with his best and most trained Soldiers, and also a great numbered of Mariners, declaring unto them, that if they would lustyly assail and board the enemy, he would warrant them both great honour and also victory. In pursuing which commandment, Nicanor departed that night, and sped him with such diligence, that about the day break, he with such devoir assailed and boarded the enemy, that finding them at his arrival out of order, he put them to flight. In which flight some of the enemies ships were sore shaken and bruised, and the rest wholly rendered, and became subject to Nicanor, except the Admiral, in which Clyte escaped. Nevertheless after he was set on land, and hoped safely to pass through the country of Thrace into Macedon, he was by certain of Lysimache his Soldiers encountered on the way and slain.   

¶ Eumenes understanding that Antigone is coming against him, departeth out of the country of Cilice. And when he hath by his wisdom and industry escaped in the way the hands and ambushes of Seleuke, he cometh into Perse.  
The xxxj Chapter.  
FOr this noble and honourable victory Antigone was greatly esteemed, & won thereby much glory & reputation, & therefore fully minded to be lord of the seas and emperor of asia, wherefore he chose out of his whole army .2000. footmen, & .4000. horse, with whom he speedily marched into Cilice against Eumenes, thinking to overthrow him before such time as he might assemble a greater army. But Eumenes being advertised of his coming, albeit he was willing to recover in the name of the Kings, the Country of Phenicie, which Ptolemy unjustly enjoyed, seeing that the time than served not, and especially because he still looked for the coming of Antigone, went from Phenicie with his whole army, and with great speed came through the country of Celosirie, for that he meant to get upon the high Country of Syrie. And when he was near the river Tigris, the people of the Country, by night assailed him and slew some of his soldiers. From thence marched he into the country of Babylon, where Seleucke also assailed him about the river Eufrates, being in danger of losing all his whole army: because an arm of the River which wonted to run through an old ditch, was broken up by Seleucke his soldiers, so that all Eumenes camp was overflowed. But through his wisdom and industry, he retired unto an hill, and caused the entry and mouth of the said ditch to be stopped up, and turned the intercourse of the water, so by that means he readily saved both his person and army from the hands of Seleucke, & with the loss of fifteen thousand foot men, & three thousand horse, marched on into the Country of Perse. And after he had there a while sojourned, his soldiers yet through their long travail sore wearied, he sent towards the satraps and governors of the higher Provinces, commanding them to send him men and money. And these were the things done that year in Asie.   

¶ The Athenians make a perfect amity and inviolable peace with Cassander and ally with him. After he killeth Nicanor, and bringeth the greater number of the Cities of Greece to his alliance.  
The xxxij Chapter.  
AFter Polispercon had shamefully been repulsed from the siege of Megalopolis in Europe, his credit began marvelously to impair and abate, so that many of the cities of Grece revolted from the kings to Cassander. And when the Athenians saw that neither through the help of Polispercon or Olympias, they could expulse the garrison from Pire, some of the worshipfullest of the City, presumed and took upon them to propose before the assemble of the people, that it should be very meet and expedient, to make alliance with Cassander. But because many were of the contrary opinion, there arose great contention amongs them. Nevertheless after they had considered their commodity and profit, they all thought it the surest way to send their Ambassadors to Cassander to agree with him in the best manner they might: Who after many days of parley and treaty, compounded with him as followeth.  
First, that the Athenians taking part with Cassander, should hold, occupy, and enjoy in quiet and peaceable possession, their city and territory with the revenues: together their ships, and all other their appurtenances.  
Item that the town of Munychie should continue and remain in the possession of Cassander, until he had finished the wars against the Kings.  
Also that the governance thereof, should be in the richest and wealthiest men, and such as might at least dispend ten Minas of revenue by year. 
X. Minae, is of our money twenty pounds.   
Moreover, that the governor thereof should be a Citizen, & such one as Cassandre would nominate & appoint.  
These articles agreed upon, Cassander deputed Demetre Phalare ruler of the City, 
Demetre Phalare.  who peaceably & gently governed it. After Nicanor was arrived at Pirey, with his victorious army, Cassander received him honourably. But when he see him shortly after to be over glorious & insolent, & that Munychie was garrisoned by his soldiers, he therefore fearing some secret mischief, traitorously put him to death. This done, he made a voyage into Macedon, with whom he joined a number of the borderers there. Many Cities of Grece likewise as it were with a violent desire, drew to his alliance, because they thought the Polispercon unwisely and cowardly ruled & governed the affairs of the kings and his allies, and that Cassander was towards all men courteous, gentle and painful in all his affairs & business: & many there were that took his part.   
The end of the first Book.   

¶ The second Book.  

¶ Of certain matters both by the Romans and the Crotonians exploited in Italy.  
The i Chapter.  
THe same year that Demogene was Prince of Athens, and Luce Phoce, and Manius Faluy were Consuls at Rome, the ninth year of the wars between the Romans and the Samnites, the Romans warred not so openly, as they had upon them the years before used: but by farrages and pillages, wasted and spoiled the Country of the Samnites, without any other deed worthy the talk. And after the same manner, they spoiled and wasted the country of Damie in the Region of Povylle, and there by composition took the City of Canouse, 
Canouse.  enforcing the Cities to tender them hostages and pledges: bringing likewise under their obeisance the Cities of Phalerne and Ophartine. At that time had the Crotonians made an appointment with the Brutians, that they might the better continue and maintain the wars against the exiles of their city, who were reconciled to Heraclides & Sosistrate, as we have declared in the book precedent. And because the same wars had already continued two years, they chose for their captains and Chieftains of war that year, Paron and Menedeme, men greatly renowned for their experience in martial facts and warlike policies. Notwithstanding, the exiles of Thury by night came with three hundred marcenaries, and thought by stealth to take the City of Crotone: Howbeit, they were repulsed. Wherefore they retired into the territory of the Brutians, & shortly after were discomfited and overthrown there, by the said Crotonians, who charged them with mighty power. And for this time we will leave speaking of the things done in Italy, and make mention of those exploited in the other parts of Europe.   

¶ Olympias Alexander his mother, by mean of Polispercon obtaineth the government of the Realm of Macedon, causeth King Philip and Eurydice his wife to be executed, and beside useth many other cruelties.  
The two Chapter.  
IN that season Queen Eurydice (who had the ordering and disposing of the affairs of Macedon, 
Eurydice. ) understanding that Olympias made preparation to come into the said Realm, sent a messenger of hers to Cassander in Peloponese, praying him that he would out of hand come to help and aid her: And through great gifts and large promises, she won the Princes & Barons of Macedon. Notwithstanding Polispercon assembled a mighty army, and with the King of Epire accompanied and conducted the said Olympias, together the son of Alexander, into the realm of Macedon. And when Olympias had intelligence that Eurydice was with her army encamped in a country of the Realm called Ema, she with an army made all possible speed against her, determining to hazard all in one battle. But so soon as the two armies were aranged in order to fight, the Macedonians with Eurydice seeing the person of Olympias, so reverenced her for the remembrance of her son Alexander, & the good turns that he had done them, that they rendered to the said Olympias. And by that mean was king Philip with his family and guard taken, and Eurydice with Policles one of her counsellors, retired into the City of Amphipolis, 
Amphipolis.  where not long after she also was taken. Thus when Olympias had taken Philip and Eurydice prisoners, she shortly after without danger seized on the realm: howbeit she very ungently entreated them.  
For first she caused Eurydice and her husband to be detruded into so strait a prison, that they could scarce turn them within, and had their meat given them in at a little hole. And after they had been a great while thus miserably dealt withal, Olympias perceiving that the Macedonians for very compassion that they had of the said captives maliced her, caused king Philip by certain soldiers of Thrace to be slain, after he had reigned and continued king six years and four months. And because that Eurydice somewhat insolently spoke, and said that she had better right and title to the realm than Olympias, she therefore without regard either of the late dignity royal that the said Eurydice had been in, or yet the common variety of fortune, sent her three instruments to end her life withal: to weet, a sword, a halter, and poison, willing her to choose which kind of death of the three she best liked. Whereupon as matters after fell out, Olympias in the same sort miserably ended her life. For when the three kinds of death were presented Eurydice, she prayed the gods that such presents might light upon Olympias. And after she had adorned the body of her husband Philip slain in her presence, and stopped up the wounds, to cover the deformity of them in the best manner she could, with her own girdle strangled herself, never sighing nor weeping, either yet showing any countenance of desire to live: such was the greatness and courage of her heart there showed in the end of her days.  
After Olympias had thus shamefully put them to death, she made Nicanor Cassander's brother to be slain, and defaced the Tomb and monument of jolas' his other brother, to revenge the death of Alexander her son, as she said, because that it was suspected that he had poisoned him, in giving him drink. Over and beside this, she picked and weeded out an hundred noble men of Macedon Cassander's friends, and caused their throats to be cut. Wherefore the people of the country seeing her cruel dealing, reduced and called to memory oft times the words of Antipater on his death bed, 
The prophecy of a sage man which died.  prophesying of things to come, who exhorted them to beware how they gave the regiment of a realm unto a woman. In this sort was then governed the realm of Macedon, which evidently proveth, that there was very oft great alteration and change.   

¶ Eumenes passeth the river of Tiger, and maugre Seleuke and Python, marcheth into Susiane, and after commandeth the satraps of the higher Asie, with their whole power to meet him.  
The three Chapter.  
AFter all these matters, it is meet we somewhat speak of the things that time done in asia. Eumenes who had then in his company the Macedonians Argiraspides and Antigene their captain, wintered in the Province of Babylon, in the chief towns of the marches, and from thence sent his ambassadors towards Seleuke and Python, praying and exhorting them, that they with him would aid the Kings against the rebel Antigone, because that in the second distribution of the provinces made at Triparadis, was given to the said Seleuke the satrapy of Babylon, and to Python, Mede. Whom they then answered, that to serve the Kings they were at commandment, but to obey Eumenes, by the Macedonians adjudged an enemy and condemned man, that would they never do. And after they had with the said Ambassadors at large debated the matter, they sent a counter ambassade to Eumenes and the Argiraspide●, to persuade them that of right they ought to depose Eumenes from his authority: which thing they denied: wherefore he gave them hearty thanks, and great commendations. From thence departed he with his army, and encamped on the river Tiger, being three hundred furlongs from the City of Babylon, to the intent to come to Susie, and get the favours of the satraps of the higher countries, and help himself with the treasure of the Kings as he thought needful. Notwithstanding in the end he must needs pass the river, because on that side where he remained, were no victuals left, and on the other side store. And as he had gotten a numbered of ships, to put over himself and his army, Seleuke and Python thereof advertised, rowed down the river in two galeys of three tire of oars, and many brigantines and other pinnaces, which had been there built and left in the country, and remained from the time of Alexander his being in that quarter of Babylon. And as soon as they were come thither, they now a fresh practised and suborned the Argiraspides, willing them to expulse Eumenes his authority, saying he was a stranger, & had caused many Macedonians to be slain. But when they see that they could not compass them to execute the same, the Seleucians' rowed down the river unto an old ditch, and opened the mouth thereof, which of long time had been stopped up: whereupon the water in short space had so broken and run out, that it covered and overflowed the camp of the Macedonians, and all the country round about, who being therewith in great danger, & not knowing all the day how to remedy it, armed them with patience until the next day in the morning that they had gotten together their pinnaces and barks, to the numbered of. CCC. or thereabouts, in the which without stop they put over the greater part of the army, because Seleuke had on the other side none but horse, and fewer in numbered than the Macedonians. But when Eumenes see night draw on, and the great difficulty and hardness to put over the baggage, he caused those that were already passed, to return. And by the advise and counsel of certain peasantes, he hollowed and cleansed a place of the river, through which the water might run and void, to overthrow the country next adjoining. Which thing the Seleucians' seeing, and desirous to discharge them their country, incontinent sent messengers towards them, by whom they agreed to grant passage and truce for certain days. They sent also ambassadors with all diligence towards Antigone in Mesopotamie, requiring him to come in all speed with his whole power, before the other satraps of the higher Regions came down to join with Eumenes and the Argiraspides. After Eumenes had passed the River, and come into the country of Susiane, he divided his army into three parts, because victuals there were very dear. For they neither had wheat or barley, but of other grain, as rice, and the fruit of palms growing in that country great abundance, which he by measure divided amongs his soldiers. And although he had by his first Ambassadors sent to the governors of the higher countries, the letters patents of the Kings, by virtue of which all the governors and Captains were commanded to obey him, yet sent he after his posts, requiring them with all their power & force to meet him in Susiane, at which time the rulers had levied an army royal, for the exploiting of other great affairs, which shall out of hand be declared.   

¶ The satraps of the high country of asia, to resist Python, join together: and of the power they assembled.  
The four Chapter.  
WHen Python governor of Mede, and chief ruler of all the higher Satrapies, was with great power come into Parthie, and had killed Philote deputy thereof, 
Philote.  and in his stead placed Eudame his brother, 
Eudame.  all the other Satrapies understanding the case, and fearing his like dealing with them, assembled against him, & vanquished him in battle, so that he was with the loss of a great numbered of Soldiers forced to abandon the country of Parthe. Whereupon he first retired into Mede, and from thence towards Seleuke in Babylon, to crave his aid and succour, offering to make partition of the countries he had conquered. By reason whereof, the satraps which understood it, assembled their power, and by that mean Eumenes his messengers found them in arms, under the conduct of Penceste, 
Penceste.  whom they had appointed their general, a man highly renowned amongst the rest, and of the chieftains best esteemed, whom Alexander also in his life time by reason of his strength and mightiness of body, had appointed to be of his guard, & after gave him the satrapy of Perside, which he many years during Alexander's life enjoyed, and so well governed the same, that all the people of the country, greatly loved and honoured him. Wherefore Alexander minding to gratify them, suffered him only, and none other of the Macedonians, to be appareled like a Persian, thinking they would thereby be more addict and obedient to his governance. He had ten thousand Persian shot, and three thousand other armed after the manner of the Macedonians: Greeks and Thracians vj. C. horse, and of Persians, above four hundred. Over and besides these, 
Polemon.  Polemon the Macedonian governor of Carmanie, had a thousand five hundred footmen. & vij hundred horse, Sybirte bailiff of Aracosie, 
Sybirte.  a thousand footmen & uj C. horse. 
Androbase.  Androbase governor of part of Paropamsade was sent with twelve C. footmen, and four hundred horse. Stasander of Arie and Draugine, 
Stasander.  with a band of Bactrians, had a thousand and five hundred footmen, and one thousand horse. Out of the country of Ind came Eudame with v. hundred horse, and three thousand footmen, & xxx Elephants: which Elephants he got after the death of Alexander from king Poor, whom by treason he had slain. And thus the power of all the said satraps together, were xxj thousand and two hundred footmen, and four thousand and two hundred horse.   

¶ Eumenes through his wisdom appeaseth the dissension of the satraps striving for the principality, and payeth his men of war. And of the preparation which Antigone for his part maketh.  
The .v. Chapter.  
AFter they were all come into the country of Susiane, and had joined with Eumenes, great contention arose, who should be general of the army. For Penceste said that he ought to be perferred unto it, both for the greatness of his numbered, and also for his estimation & prerogative during Alexander his life. Again, Antigene Captain of the Argiraspides said, that the choosing of the general, appertained to him and the Argiraspides, because it were they which in Alexander his company had conquered the country of asia, and through their virtue and prows stood always invincible. When ● umenes see and perceived their controversy, and fearing that by their intestine dissension Antigone might easily overthrow them, he was of the advise not to appoint one sole General or chief, but look which of the Satrapies & Captains soever that the multitude thought most worthy and renowned, should daily assemble in the King's pavylion, which he had made ready to be pitched, wheresoever they were, in the midst whereof should si● te the statue or image of Alexander in a Throne Imperial, vn● oer a sumptuous tabernacle or cloth of estate: and after service done, to devise and talk of the urgent and public affairs. Which opinion was amongs them all thought good & reasonable. And after they had agreed upon this, they assembled and met togethers as they commonly do in Cities governed by the best and worshipfullest Citizens, after the manner Democraticke. And immediately upon their coming to the City of Suse, Eumenes commanded the king's Treasurers to deliver him such sums of money as he thought necessary to be employed & defrayed about the affairs of the wars. For the kings had commanded them to give him what he would ask. After which receipt, he paid the Macedonians for six months, and gave to Eudame the Indian, who brought the Elephants, two hundred Talents as it were for the hire of his beasts, but to say truth, it was to make him his friend. For he thought who so ever of the satraps would stand against him, if he joined with him, he should (through the use of the said beasts being in wars very terrible) be greatly strengthened. And for the rest of the Soldiers which were not Macedonians, every of the satraps maintained his with the revenue of his satrapy. While Eumenes lay thus at Suse, he greatly increased & strengthened his army. And as for Antigone, he determined after winter once passed over in Mesopotame, to assail him before the other satraps should join with him. But when he understood they were already joined, he altered his mind, and assembled a new army to strengthen that he had, knowing right well, that the wars by him enterprised, required great power.   

¶ How eight prisoners, Alcete his soldiers, through their great prows escape, and take the town wherein they are imprisoned, and in the end again taken.  
The uj Chapter.  
WHile these things were in doing, Attale, Poleme, Docine, Antipater and Philote, Alcete his Captains, and taken with him at the overthrow, and ever after in a very strong Castle imprisoned, understanding that Antigone was gone into the higher Satrapies, thinking it then good time to escape, practised and wan some of their keepers to be loosed, whereby they seized on the other soldiers armour which guarded them, and about midnight being but eight, violently ran upon their keepers which were above four hundred: nevertheless they were of greater courage than their garders, & sometime Alexander his Soldiers. And first, they threw down from the height of the walls into the ditch. Xenopithe Captain of the Castle, being above a furlong of height: and for the rest, some they slew, cast some out of the Castle, and after set fire on certain houses without, & took into them fi● tie of their houlshold servants, who always had attended abroad, looking when the enterprise would take place. By which mean they seized on a very strong Castle, and furnished with all things necessary: nevertheless, they were in great deceptation and doubt, whether to tarry there & attend the coming of Eumenes, since they were strongly placed & well victualled, or whether to adventure through the country whatsoever betided them. Docine was of the opinion to go out, and Attale contrary, saying, that through their long detention in prison, which had much feebled their persons, they were not able to endure any warlike labours. And while they thus contended (certain soldiers of the next villages to the number of .v. thousand footmen and four thousand horse, assembled with above four thousand paysantes which they had gotten together suddenly, under such a Captain as they had chosen) prevented and besieged them.  
When Docine see and apperceived that they were again enclosed, he had espied a certain secret way of the Town ungarded, by which he let down a messenger of his, 
Stratonice.  and sent him towards Stratonice Antigone his wife abiding thereby, praying her to take pity and compassion on him. And not tarrying for answer, but t● inking to escape, tumbled himself twofold down the wall, where he was without surety taken and cast in prison. But the other which came out before him, the enemy racked, to make him confess and show the passage which he and the said Docine came out at: which he did, so that by his mean and conduct, they wan and took one of the rocks the castle stood on, although almost impregnable & inaccessible. Nevertheless, the captains within, albeit few in number, through their great virtue and prows so valianntly them defended, that they resisted and kept them out a year and four months before they could be vanquished, fight almost every day, and in the end, were taken by force And now for whi● e we will leave of this matter and re● orne to Antigone, making mention of that he did.   

¶ Antigone being come into Babylon, and joining with Seleuk● and Python, is by Eumenes repulsed the passage of Tiger, to the great loss & slaughter of his people.  
The vij Chapter.  
THe same year that Democlade was Praetor of Athens, and Caye june and Quinte Emilye were consuls at Rome, and that Denomene of Laoco● jam won the prize at the running in the olympiad the Cxuj. Antigone departed out of Mesopotamie, and with his power came into Babylon where he found Seleuke and Python, who there joined with him. Shortly after, they made a bridge with their ships over the River of Tiger, upon which they set over their armies, and after marched against the enemy. Which thing when Eumenes and the other satraps and Captains with him understood, gave first in commandment to Xenophile Captain of the Castle of Suse, 
Xenophile.  not to deliver to Antigone any of the money in his custody, nor yet once to communicate & talk with him. That done, they departed the City, and came all together to the River of Tiger, from the said City about a days journey, adjoining the mountain in that Region, wherein inhabit and dwell certain people called the Vsians, living at liberty. The breadth of which in many places thereabout, is commonly three and four furlongs over, and the midst of the stream as deep as the height of an Elephant, running through the country from the mountains above vij hundred furlongs, and falleth into the red Sea. It is also full of Sea fish and monsters which show themselves after the first entering of the Canicular days. When Eumenes and his companions were there arrived, they encamped about the banks of the river next to the Sea side, attending the enemy. And because they wanted men for the guarding of the said river, Eumenes & Antigene required Penceste to send for, out of pierce, ten thousand Archers and other shot, who sligthly gave them the hearing, because he was not chosen general of the army. But after he had considered that if Antigone won the victory, he should lose his satraps, and stand in danger of his life, and that having a greater number he might the easilier obtain victory, accorded their requests, and sent for ten thousand Persians shot more. And although some of the said Persians were thirty days journey from the place where the camp lay, yet in one day they had news and were by a marvelous industry advertised of the message. 
marvelous industry.  And because it is a thing at the first sight, hard to be believed, I therefore mean to tell in what order and manner it was done. And first, thou must presupose that the Country of pierce is all hilly and full of little mountains: wherefore they had appointed certain people of the Country, and especially such as had the loudest and shrillest voices, to stand in the highest places of the mountains to keep watch so near one another, that they which made a loud noise, might both be hard & understood, and by that mean they declared from one to another, that which was commanded by the sound of the first watch, even to the end and farthest parts of the Country. Then Eumenes and Penceste, having regard with their host to that before said: Antigone with his whole army entered the City of Suse, and there proclaimed Seleuke governor of that Province. And because Xenophile Captain of the Castle and keeper of the treasure, refused to obey him, he appointed a number of his men of war to tarry and besiege him, and himself with the rest set forth against the enemy, through a hot country, very dangerous and painful to a people of another Nation: wherefore he was forced to travel by night, and at the Sun rising to sojourn about the River: so that he could no way escape without loss of many men, by reason of the fervent heat, and chief being about the canicular days. And incontinent after he was come to the place he would be at, he made ready all things meet and necessary for his passage. Now was he in the same corner or boought, that the River of Tiger descending from the Mountains entereth Pasitigre, 
Pasitigre.  distant from the Camp of Eumenes four score furlongs, and commonly above four oxgangs broad: and besides that, the River was so violent and swift, that it was impossible to pass over without a bridge or ships. Wherefore taking some cocks and long boats, he put over a certain numbered of his men, commanding them, that as soon as they were on the other side, to entrench and strengthen them with ditches and trenches, keeping good watch until the rest were come over. Whereupon Eumenes by his intelligencers advertised, passed and came over the bridge which he had made over the river Tiger, with four thousand footmen, and a thousand and three hundred horse, to charge Antigone his Soldiers already passed, being near about three thousand footmen, and four hundred horse, and of foragers, victuallers and such like which went before to make provision of victuals, above six thousand. And first, he charged the disordered and stragglers, so that at his first arrival he put some to flight, and in the end caused all the Macedonians which stood to their defence, he run into the River, because he had the greater number, and therefore he charged them lustily. And for that every man was glad to save himself, they made such speed to their ships to have repassed, that with an overcharge, the greater numbered sunk, and the rest which thought to be saved, assayed to swim, but few or none escaped drowning, by reason of the violence and swiftness of the River. And they which thought better to render to the mercy of the enemy, than to be drenched in the water, were taken prisoners, being above four thousand. And although Antigone see before his eyes so great an overthrow of his Soldiers, yet could he by no mean remedy it, 
The City of Bedace.  by reason of the want of ships. Wherefore considering it was impossible to pass, he returned & went to the City of Bedace, standing upon the River Eule. 
The river of Eule.  But because it was in the midst of Summer, and the Country marvelous hot, he lost in traveling, many of his Soldiers: wherefore the rest of the Soldiers were almost in despair, but after that they had reposed themselves and sojourned in the same City a certain time, they were well refreshed, and took then better heart.   

¶ Of Antigone his coming with his army into the country of Mede, and the dangers and hard passage he hath upon the way.  
The ix Chapter.  
WHen Antigone had certain days in the City of Bedace, well refreshed his army, he determined to march therewith into the Region of Ecbathane in the country of Mede, hoping thereby to conquer the high Countries. And although there were two ways to pass into Mede, yet was it a hard matter for him, without interruption and let to get through any of both. For the way by the mannured land, was fair & excellent, but very hot and little less than xl days journey. But the other, leading through the Country of the Eosians, was very short and close, howbeit, cold, sharp, strait, hilly and barren, and the enemies country: so that it had been very difficult without the good wills of the paysaunts to pass an army, being a people which time out of mind had always lived at liberty, dwelling in caves, & living with acorns, mushrubbes and the flesh of savage and wild beasts powdered. Nevertheless, Antigone having so mighty an army, thought it over great a shame to pray and require such paysauntlie slaves of passage & recourse. Wherefore determining to take that way, he chose out of the whole army the targe carriers, archers, & all other shot and light armed men, which were the lustiest fellows and most adventerours, and divided them into two bands, whereof the charge of the one he gave Nearche, 
Nearche.  commanding him to march before, and to win the most meet and convenient passages. And the other band he divided, and set all alongs the way in diverse places, as occasion served. Then himself marched on with the phalange or battle of footmen, and committed the rearward to Python. But the first which were sent out, after they had won certain trifling passages to no purpose, & not the passages most necessary, the paysaunts at hand, so stoutly charged them, that they slew a great number, and the rest very hardly escaped. And Antigone coming on with his battle of footmen, thinking to win the straights, was in great danger, which by no means could be remedied. For the peasants knowing the ways and straights of the passages, had prevented them, and from the tops of the rocks, cast and tumbled down against the soldiers as they marched, huge and mighty stones. They had also great strength of bows, wherewith they hurt and galled the enemy, because they could neither defend nor yet eschew the dint of the shot, by reason of the hardness of the way, which was steep and almost inaccessible: so that the Elephants, horsemen, and the armed footmen, could no way succour them, for that that they were in as great danger, or more than the rest. Then acknowledged he his fault, and repented him that he had not believed and followed the advise & counsel of Python & other his friends, for buying of the passage. Notwithstanding in the end he so valiantly and wisely bore himself, that he had within nine days, with great loss, marvelous danger and sore travail of his soldiers, gotten the country habitable of Mede. Wherefore they were so mutinous, that every man complained, cried out, and spoke very evil words of him. And to say the truth, for the space of xliij days, they had abidden many marvelous adventures, and suffered intolerable mischiefs. Howbeit he with sweet words and store of victuals appeased their mutiny, and well refreshed them, and after commanded Python to travail through the whole country of Mede, there to levy so many horsemen & horses as he could get. Which commandment he diligently executed, and in short time, because the region was well furnished with horse and other bestial: he brought two thousand lusty horsemen, and very near a thousand spare horse, well appointed for the wars: And of all other kind of cattle, as Mares, and such like bearing beasts, so many as sufficed the whole army: and besides brought .v. hundred talents of the treasure royal on the empty horses. Then remounted Antigone all those which had lost their horses: and amongs the rest divided the other bestial. Which liberal dealing, brought him again in favour with his men of war.   

¶ Eumenes to please his satraps, with the whole army marcheth into the country of pierce, and by his wisdom and policy putteth Penceste, who affected the government and army, in great fear: and after reconcileth the said Penceste, and assureth himself of all the other satraps and Captains.  
The ix Chapter.  
AFter Eumenes & the satraps with him, understood of Antigone his coming into Alcide, they called many counsels, and were of divers opinions. For Eumenes and Antigene captain of the Argiraspides, and all the rest which came out of the low country, did think it meetest and most for their safety to go towards the sea from whence they came. But the satraps of the high countries, having special regard to their own particular case, said, that the best were to march into the higher regions. When the dissension thus increased and waxed hotter, Eumenes foreseeing, that if the army should be divided and dispersed, either part than should be to weak to encounter the enemy, condescended to the satraps of the high countries. Whereupon they removed their Camp from the river of Pasitigre, and marched on to Persepolis, 
The City of Persepolis.  the honourablest city of pierce, being about xxviij days journey, a country very hilly, the one way lying beneath the mountains very hot and barren of all kinds of victuals, and the other a high country, very wholesome, and a good air, full of all kinds of pleasant fruits. It was also full of valleys, close and shodowy, and gardens abounding with all sorts of trees, and fruits, great store of fountains likewise running with clear waters, making the country marvelous pleasant and delectable, which caused the passengers to desire to rest and sojourn there. Moreover there were many fair chases, and great plenty of wild beasts, whereof the peasantes brought to Penceste great abundance, which he gave and bestowed upon the men of war, to get and win their love and good wills. There are also in that region for archers and other shot, the best Soldiers within the whole country of Perse. When they were at last arrived in the City royal of Persepolis, Penceste governor of the same country, made a solemn sacrifice to Philip and Alexander, as to their Gods, and after the sacrifice, a great and sumptuous banquet to the whole camp, abounding in all sorts of meats, brought from all the parts of the country. And for the assemble of the men of war, he made ready a place abroad in the fields, with four round circles like unto a cloister, one with in an other equally distant, the second bigger than the first, & all the rest in meet proportion, so that the uttermost which enclosed the other three, was ten furlongs about, in which sat the mercenary soldiers and strangers. In the second sat the Argiraspides Macedonians, and the Soldiers which served with Alexander in his wars eight furlongs in compass. In the third were the extraordinary captains horsemen, and all other the special friends of the satraps, and other chieftains, being four furlongs about. In the last which was two furlongs round, sat the Dukes, and chief rulers of the army, the captains of the horsemen, and the princes of pierce there. In the midst of the last circle stood the altars of the Gods, the tabernacle of Alexander and Philip, whose seats were made of leaves and trees bearing fruit, and the residue covered with fair and rich tapistry, whereof the country of pierce aboundeth, being full of delices and things of pleasure. The distances of the circles were in that sort drawn out, to the end that they which sat in the one, should be no let or stop to those in the other: and every circle had his officers and ministers, kitchens, and all other houses of office, in such order and so many, that the great diligence and providence of Penceste, might therein be well understood and known. By mean whereof he greatly wan the favour and good wills of all the company. Which thing Eumenes perceiving, and knowing he went about to win the soldiers favours to be made general, and to obtain the principality, counterfeited & forged certain false and surmised letters, by which he animated the Soldiers to war, wherewith he soon abated Penceste his audacity and ambition, and brought himself into greater authority and reputation, in whom also the men of war had great hope and confidence. The contents of the letters were these: How that Olympias had brought the young son of Alexander into Macedon, had slain Caslander, and peaceably enjoyed the realm. And that Polispercon, with the greatest part of the army royal and all the Elephants, was gone into Asie, to war on Antigone, & was already in Cappadoce. Which letters. were written in the Syrian tongue, subscribed in the name of Oronte Satrapa of Armenia, Penceste his great friend, and therefore bare the more credit. Then Eumenes caused them to be carried to all the satraps and captains to be seen, and after published them to the whole army. By reason of which letters, all the host then thought that Eumenes might advance to the kings whom he would, and punish those he hated. And the more to put and keep in terror and fear such as were disobedient and desirous of authority, he called to judgement Sybirte, Satrapa of Aracose, and great friend to Pencest, whom he accused, saying that he had sent some of his horse against the Aracothes, without knowledge of the assemble and counsel, and therefore required that he might be discharged, and all his treasure and goods confiscate. Whereupon he put him in such peril and danger, that if he had not secretly fled, he had been slain by the multitude of the Soldiers. notwithstanding, after he had by that mean put the other in fear, and recovered his authority, he returned to his accustomed humanity and courtesy, and through fair words and large promises he reconciled Penceste, and made him ready and tractable to employ his service in the affairs of the Kings. And to assure himself of the other Satrapies, chieftains & captains, and to have some manner guage of them, to serve in stead of hostages, he feigned the want of money, praying every of them to lend him as much as they could spare, for the affairs of the kings. Which they did, so that he borrowed of those whom he chief suspected, the just sum of. CCCC. talents. By which mean he thought him so sure of them, that they would not work him any falsehood or treason, nor yet once step aside from him, whom he after kept & reserved for the guard and defence of his person and his fautors, in all his affairs whatsoever.   

¶ Of the battle between Antigone & Eumenes, and of their powers: and of their retire to winter without victory on either side.  
The ten Chapter.  
WHen Eumenes had thus provided for all things that might happen as aforesaid, news were brought out of Mede, how Antigone with his whole power was coming into pierce, which Eumenes understanding, immediately took his journey with his whole army, determining to be there before him, to the end to give battle. Whereupon he sacrificed to the Gods, and that done, royally banqueted the Prince's captains and men of war, because he would give them greater occasion of affection and love towards him. And for that they should think he would at full please them, he pledged so many as drunk unto him, by reason whereof he fell into a grievous malady, and therefore was forced to repose there certain days. For whose cause, all the whole army (desirous of battle) were very sorry. Nevertheless, after some amendment and recovery, he no longer stayed his journey, but being carried in a horselitter, hasted on the array, the conduct whereof he gave to Pencest and Antigene. And after he had gotten within a days journey of the enemy, the vauntcurrers of each side gave intelligence of the approach of one an other, wherefore they determined on both sides the next day following to give battle. Howbeit by reason of a valley and River betwixt them, besides the straightness of the ground, they were frustrate of their purposes and determinations. Notwithstanding they aranged on either side their battles, and encamped not above three furlongs one from an other: and for four days together, they only skirmished with shot: during which time both the armies had wasted and consumed all the victuals in the country near unto them, so that they began to want.  
The fift day following Antigone sent his ambassadors towards the satraps & Macedonians, to persuade them to abandon & forsake Eumenes, and join with him, promising to leave the satraps their Satrapies. And the rest which would not follow the camp, he promised to some great lands and possessions, and to send the rest honourably with large gifts home into their countries: and so many as minded to serve, he was content to retain, every one according to his estate. To which offers and gentle words the Macedonians gave no ear, but threatened to kill the messengers, if they departed not, and that quickly. Which thing Eumenes understanding, came towards them, highly allowing and commending their doings, and giving them beside hearty thanks, began to recite this Fable ensuing, which although right old, yet very meet and served for his purpose.  
There was sometime (quoth he) a fierce Lion, amorous of a certain fair young Damosel, 
A moral fable.  which prayed of her Father this maid in marriage. Whereunto the Father answered, that he was well pleased to bestow her on him, always provided, that he should pull of his claws, and pluck out his teeth, fearing that if upon any occasion he waxed angry with his daughter, having his teeth and claws, he would incontinently tear her in pieces: To which demand the Lion agreed. But when the father of the maiden see that the Lion had neither claws nor teeth for his defence, he with a leaver easily slew him. Even so (quoth he) noble soldiers and Companions in arms, would Antigone do with you, promising all your desire until he have you under his power, but after he will punish you at his pleasure. When he had thus spoken, the soldiers believed he said truth, and thereupon the assemble broke up. When night came, certain which fled from Antigone his camp, arrived, declaring that he was trussing up his baggage, and that at the second watch of the night he meant to depart. When Eumenes understood thereof, he imagened that he would into the country of Gabene, 
Gabene.  being but three days journey off, because it stood whole, and furnished with all kinds of victuals to victual a camp for a long time, and besprinkled with rivers and strong valleys very hard to pass. For which cause, Eumenes determined to prevent and occupy the same country before him, and thereupon marched forth on the way. 
A cautel.  But to keep the enemy in the mean while occupied, he sent certain of his mercenary Soldiers whom he had corrupt, to Antigone his camp, who should make semblant as though they came to yield: affirming that the enemy was in readiness to come and assail them that night in their camp, and in the mean time, commanded his soldiers soon after they had supped, to take their journey: which they did. When Antigone understood that the enemy would come and assail him in his camp, he stayed his army, and put them in order of battle: and while he was so occupied Eumenes with his army had travailed a great way beyond them before it was perceived and known. Nevertheless after he was by his scout advertised of the truth, and understood the crafty dealing, he altered not his purpose, but commanded his men with all speed to pursue the enemy as though they fled. 
A Stratagem.  But after a whiles travail, seeing the enemy six hours before him, and he by no mean able to overtake them, bethought him of this policy. First he left the conduct of his footmen to Python, to bring them on with reasonable journeys, and he upon the spur with his horses pursued the enemy, and by the day break had overtaken the tail as they were descending into a valley. So he tarried and rested him upon the top of a mountain, and there mustered his men, making in the face of the enemy, the greatest show he could: Who thinking it to be the whole army of Antigone, stayed and put themselves in order of battle, determining out of hand to fight. In this sort, the generals of either army by subtle and martial policies, deceived one an other, as if they had strived which of them had been wisest, and skilfullest and to show that the victory greatly consisted in their two persons. And by this devise hath Antigone stayed the enemy, having good leisure to attend for his footmen: and after they were come, they aranged their battles, and then descended the side of the hill, 
The number of the men on either side, and their order.  in such order as was terrible to behold. He had in the whole with the soldiers of S● leuke ● and Python, above xxviij thousand footmen eight thousand horse, and .lxv. Elephants. The two Chieftains used their sundry policies in ordering their battles, as who would say that the one had as great knowledge and experience as the other.  
First, Eumenes gave the leading of the vanward of his army to Eudame, who brought the Elephants out of Ind, besides a band of .v. hundred horse about him. Before them placed he two bands of lances, fifty horse in each, one at the tail of an other, at the foot of the mountain in places most meet. After was placed Stasander, with his thousand horse. After him, Antimacke, 
Antimacke.  governor of Mesopotamie, with uj hundred horse, besides uj hundred Arocothes, who before had been under the conduct of Hybirte and after he fled, given to Cephele. After were uj hundred horse of the Paropamsades placed, 
Cephele.  and with them uj hundred Thracians. And before all the bands aforesaid, he placed xxv Elephants, aranged in manner of a saint Andrew's cross, and the spaces between the Elephants and the horse, he supplied with shot. The vanward being in this sort placed, the battle of footmen marched next, in the forepart whereof were appointed the mercenaries, being above six thousand, behind them, five thousand of divers nations, which came thither to serve, all armed after the manner of the Macedonians. After them were placed the Argiraspides, to the numbered of three thousand or more, keeping their array: which band because it was never vanquished nor overthrown, greatly feared the enemy, and behind them, all the soldiers which Alexander waged, being about the like numbered of the Argiraspides, and served under their captains: and before the Phalang or battle of footmen he arranged forty Elephants, and the void spaces betwixt them he likewise supplied with footmen lightly armed. On the left wing or rearward on the other side of the phalang, were first placed three hundred Carmanians, under the charge of Clepoleme, 
Clepoleme.  after them nine hundred, called the companions or adventurers, with the bands of Penceste and Antigene, to the numbered of three hundred horse, all under one guydon: and at the end of them, ● e appointed his own band of horse of the like numbered. And for their guard, he placed two wings of his household servants, fifty horse in each, aranged on the side, and not a front like the rest. And without them in the right point he likewise placed in an other wing four bands, wherein were two hundredth choice and picked horse. Besides them, he chose out of the lightest and bravest of all nations he had. CCC. whom he placed in the front of the battle where he himself was, and before them he aranged the rest of his Elephants. The whole army of Eumenes was about xxxv thousand footmen uj hundred horse, and. Cxl. Elephants. Antigone being in the top of the mountain, had seen the order which Eumenes kept, he arranged his battles as he thought for the best. For seeing the right wing or vanguard of the enemy chief fortified with Elephants and his best horse, he placed right over against them the chiefest light horse he had, the more part shot, meaning that they should not choke the enemies but wheel about to and fro, thinking thereby to keep them occupied in that wing or vanward, whereon they most trusted, so that they should do nothing. And right over against the battle of footmen of the enemy, he placed Arbalisters on horseback and lances, about a thousand Medians and Palatians, all trained soldiers, according to the necessity of the time & place. After them placed he twelve hundred Tarentines, all choice men, and very subtle to lie in ambush, in whom he greatly trusted, whereof a thousand were Phrygians and Lydians. After he placed Python's horse, being a thousand and and four hundred lances, whom Lysanias conducted: behind them placed he the vauntcurrers or forrayers, 
Lysanias.  and viii. hundred other of the high countries. With this number and in this order was furnished and placed the left wing or rearward under the conduct of Python. After them marched the phalang or battle of footmen, in which were the mercenaries to the numbered of nine thousand: behind them were the Lydians and Pamphilians, and after them were eight M. of divers nations armed after the manner of the Macedoninas. And behind them were the Macedonians, about the like numbered, whom Antipater, when he was created governor of the kings, had given to Antigones ● And in the right wing on the other side of the phalang, trooped the mercenary horsemen of divers nations, being about five hundred: after them a thousand Thracians, and .v. hundred other soldiers, which came thither to serve: behind them a thousand, called the companions or adventurers whom Demetre the son of Antigone had charge of, which was the first time that ever he came into the field with his father in battle. 
Demetre.  And in the uttermost part of the right wing or vanguard was Antigone with his band of of four hundred horse, divided into three cohorts or troops all of his own house, and to them adjoined a hundred Tarentines. On the front before the said right wing or vanward were placed xxx Elephants, which embraced the whole right wing or vanward in form of a cross, and the spaces between them, and the men of war, he furnished with light armed footmen. And for the rest of the Elephants, he placed the greater part before the phalang, and the rest before the left wing or rearward.  
When Antigone had in this order aranged his battles, he caused them to march down from the mountain in order, and not affront. For the right wing or vanward wherein lay all his hope, he caused to march against the enemy, meaning they should charge all alongst the flank of the enemy. But the left wing or rearward which he had appointed to amuse the right wing or vanguard of the enemy he caused to march strait and close together. Howbeit, after they approached, and the trumphets sounded to battle, the horsemen with Python, seeing no greater power against them, and they more in numbered and far better mounted than the enemy, kept not the order of amusing them, according as they were appointed, but stoutly showed their courages. And because that in the front of that wing or vanguard were the elephants, which they thought not good to assail, they wheled about. And after they had passed the Elephants, they charged them on the flank, in which they slew and hurt with their shot and lances a great numbered, and the enemy no way could hurt them, by reason they were so heavyly armed, that they were never able to pursue them, nor yet save themselves when they were charged. When Eumenes see that, he called out the lightest horses in Eudame his band, which were in the right wing or vanward, and a certain numbered of footmen lightly armed, and charged the said Python, and by little and little brought on the Elephants in the same wing or vanward, & by that mean incontinente he put the enemy to flight, and chased them hard to the foot of the mountain, during which fight, the two battles of footmen fought long together, where many men were wounded and killed, but in the end Eumenes phalang wan the victory, through the virtue and prows of the Argiraspides Macedonians, all old trained Soldiers, who had oftentimes been in many adventures and dangers, and thereby became so valiant and hardy, that few or none were able to abide their force, as clearly by them then appeared: For being not passing three thousand men, their band was the bulwark and strength of the whole army, and therefore placed in the front of the battle, as their chief strength. When Antigone see his left wing or rearward put to flight, and his whole phalang turn the back, and heard his friends counsel him to make to the mountain, to put in order his men which were fled, yet would he not: but with the band of horse about him, he so profited himself, and used the opportunity of the mountain, that he both saved his fled men, and also wan the honour of the field. For after he see that the Argiraspides and the rest of Eumenes footmen, had subsecuted and chased his Soldiers unto the foot of the hill, and had thereby broken their array, and were divided, he straightways charged the flank of Eumenes right wing or vanward, which Eudame led, and put them all to flight, because that where as they thought before the victory had been theirs, and then being so suddenly charged, they became so amazed, that many of them were slain. Then Antigone forthwith sent out certain of his light horse to stay the fled footmen and retire them to the foot of the Mountain, which was speedily done, and there he put them again in order of battle. When Eumenes understood that his right wing or vanward under the conduct of Eudame was put to flight, he caused to sound the retreat, and sent out aid to retire the rest which had the enemy in chase. When both the Chieftains by this mean had retired their fled Soldiers, they somewhat before night got them together, and again put them in order of battle: both generals, Captains and Soldiers, on either side were so obstinate & fierce. And although it drew to night immediately after, yet it was so very fair & clear, that they might see (by reason the Moon was at the full) one another. And beside, the armies were so near the one the other, that they might on both sides hear the neighing of horses, and clattering of armours, that every man would have thought they had been together by the ears. But being passed above thirty furlongs beyond the place where the battle was fought, and that the dead lay: about midnight the Soldiers on either side all wearied and tired, what with their travail sustained in the battle, as also oppressed with hunger and thirst, desired they might pitch their camp without any more blows. And although Eumenes did all that in him was, to persuade them to return to the place where the dead lay, to the end to bury them, which was the whole honour of the field, yet could he not bring them unto it, but all with one voice cried, to return to their Camp and carriages: Wherefore he was forced to agree thereto, because he was not of that power and authority there to chastise and rebuke them: for that many of the Chieftains there thought them his equal: and therefore was no time convenient to use correction and punishment. But Antigone being chief of his army, after the retire of the enemy into their camp, enforced his Soldiers to remove their camp and pitch it where the battle was fought. And by that mean being Lord of the field, to bury the dead, he won the honour of the field, although in the rest he had no whit the better: for there were on his part slain above three thousand uj hundred footmen, 
The number of the dead & hurt.  liiij. horse, and above four thousand hurt. And of Eumenes side .v. hundred xl footmen, few or no horse, and about ix hundred hurt. After Antigone was returned from the battle, and perceived his Soldiers greatly discouraged, he determined to retire from the enemy: and to the end he might the spéedylier march with them, he sent all his hurt men and baggage into a City near hand. And after he had about the dawning of the day buried the dead on his part, he detained the Herald which was come to enterre the bodies of the enemy, and commanded his Soldiers presently to sup. When the day was past and night come, he delivered the Herald, giving leave the next day in the morning to bury the dead. That night removed he his camp, and with his army so hasted, that by morning he had gotten far enough of the enemy, and lodged him in Gamarge in the region of Mede by Pyton governed, a country well victualled, and very singular for an army.   

¶ Eumenes burieth the dead: and of a marvelous case which happened between two women of Ind.  
The twelve Chapter.  
AS soon as Eumenes was by his scoulte advertised of the enemies departure, he by reason of his men's weariness sustained in that battle, minded in no wise to pursue them, but to bury the dead. Which was very honourably done. In doing whereof happened a marvelous sudden thing, and to the Greeks very strange. For after that Cete Captain of the Indians had in that battle been slain, two of his wives which he brought out with him in the same wars, being there, the one newly married, the other many years before, showed the great and excessive love they bore him. But first you must understand, that the law sometime amongs the Indians was, that all or at the least the most contracts & marriages were by the wills and agreements of the married made, without ask the consents either of fathers or mothers, whereby oftentimes happened, that many young people being neither like nor matches, for a little light fantastical love, married togethers, & so soon after repent. Through which sufferance, many incontinent and light Dames, made love and became familiar with others, and because that with their honesties they could not forsake their first husbands, they would poison them: for in the same Country are great store of all kinds of poison which speedily will do it: and especially there are such vehement poisons, that if they but come near the meat which is to be eaten, or the dishes wherein it lieth, the meat strait becometh mortal. And because this was a common practice and chanced oft, and that many husbands by this mean died, to the end that the wives being in such cases attainted might be punished, they made a general law, that when the husband died, if the wife were not with child or had borne him one, she should be burned with him. And they that refused to be burnt, were reputed and taken for whores and vile women, and never after to be married, nor yet received with the honest and virtuous Dames and Matrons to thy administration of their sacrifices or other public matters. By reason of which law, the wicked deed before so common amongs the naughty wives in poisoning their husbands, was now converted all to the contrary. For they considering the necessity and straightness of the law, and the shame and dishonour to such as refused the accomplishing thereof, were not only careful for the lives of their husbands whereon theirs depended, but also when it happened any their husbands to die, the wives would be at controversy (if he had many) which of them should have that glory and honour, as then chanced, for the law would that one should be burnt, and because there were two, either of them pleaded her cause before the Chieftains and Captains of the army to have the glory. The younger woman said, that the other was with child, wherefore by the law it was not lawful she should be burnt: the elder said, that since she was the ancienter, she most deserved the honour. In the end the Commissioners appointed for the hearing and determining of the controversy, informed by the report of the Matrons, that the elder was with child, judged the younger to be perferred: Wherewith the other sore aggrieved, with great lamentation and tears, despoiled her of her clothes, and tore her hair, as if she had had marvelous evil tidings brought her. On the other side, the younger who had the honour, accompanied with her waiting maids casting chappellets of flowers upon her head as if she had been newly married, joyfully went to the fire. Her kinsfolks also went with her, singing hymns and songs agreeable to her virtue. And as she came near the stake, she began to put of her garments whereof she had store, besides rings, bags of gold and all kinds of precious stones and jewels both on her fingers, head, neck and arms, which she gave and bestowed upon her friends and servants as tokens of remembrance. And after she was unrayed, her own brother led her to the fire: where in the view and sight of all the whole army there assembled in great admiration to see the sight, she honourably ended her life. But before the fire was put to her, all the army thrice marched about the stake in arms: which done, she embraced the body of her husband hard by her, and so without either sigh or groan was burnt. Whereupon some of the lookers on moved with pity, condemned the law of the Indians, as strict and cruel, and other some highly commended the same. After Eumenes had celebrated the exequys of the dead, he departed from Paretace, and traveled into the country and Province of Gabene, 
Gabene.  wherein his men of war had never been, very full of victuals, and all other things necessary for the army: distant from the place where Antigone lay by the maineured land, xxv. journeys, but through the deserts where is neither victuals nor water ix or thereabouts. In this sort lodged Eumenes and Antigone their armies to winter, exercising and refreshing their Soldiers one far enough from an other.   

¶ Cassander understanding of that Queen Olympias had done, with his army cometh into Macedon, and besiegeth the said Olimpias within the city of Pidue, where the Queen in short time is clean void of hope of all succours she looketh for.  
The xiij Chapter.  
IN the mean time that Antigone and Eumenes warred in asia as aforesaid, 
The city of Tege.  Cassander who besieged the City of Tege in the Country of Peloponese in Europe, understanding of Olympias coming into Macedon, and the death of Eurydice and Philip her husband, and of the defacing the tomb of jolas' his brother, concluded with the Tegeans a peace, and with his army marched towards Macedon, whereby he left his friends and allies in great perplexity. For Alexander Polispercon his son having a great army, always had an eye to the Cities of Peloponese. And the Etholians minding to gratify Queen Olympias and Polispercon, took and furnished the passage of the piles, by which Cassander should pass: wherefore he was forced to leave that passage, and to get together a number of Passengers out of the country of Eube and Locres, in which he put over his army into Thessaly, 
The City of Perrhebie.  where he was advertised that Polispercon besieged the City of Perrhebie. So he sent Calas one of his Captains with part of his army to maintain the wars against Polispercon, and Dynias an other of his Captains to win the passages of Macedon: 
Dynias.  which he diligently exploited and wan, before the Soldiers of Olympias (whom she had for that purpose thither sent) were come. But after she understood that Cassander with a power royal was approached Macedon, she constituted Aristone General, 
Aristone.  to fight against him, and herself accompanied with the young son of Alexander & Roxanne his mother, Thessalonique the daughter of Philip, and sister to the said Alexander, Deidamie the daughter of Eacle King of Epire sister to Pyrrhe, who after warred on the Romans, the daughters of Attale, and many other of the principal Ladies of the country, with a great number of their kinsfolks and friends, retired into the City of Pidue: 
The City of Pidue.  the more part of which people were unmeet for the wars, and the town unprovided of victuals to maintain the siege long. And notwithstanding that she see she was in some danger, yet determined she to tarry there, trusting that the greater part of the Greeks and Macedonians would come aid her. She had about her a certain numbered of footmen and horse, which accustomably were restaunt in the court, besides a few Elephants which Polispercon had least in the Country. For Cassander at his first entry into the country, had taken the greater number, and after he had passed the straits of Perrheby, he came and besieged the City of Pidue, and with a trench enclosed it from the one side of the sea to the other. For it stood in a gulf of the Sea, on each side environed with water, except the entry, wherein he made a cross trench, & sent to them which would be his friends and allies, for ships, artillery, and all other hablements of war, to besiege the same by sea and land. And when he understood that Eacke King of Epire was with a great army coming to aid Olympias his sister, 
Attarie.  he sent Attarye with one part of his army out against him: who made such speed, that he won and kept the strait passages between the country of Epire and Macedon: so that he put Eacle from his enterprise: by which mean, and also for that the greater part of his subjects which with evil will came against the Macedonians, made in his camp such a mutiny, that he was fain (notwithstanding his meaning to succour his sister) to send back all those whom he see evil willing, and with the rest which determined the adventure with him, continued his journey: howbeit, he was very weakly accompanied: and which was worse, they that forsook him, after their return home, brought all the rest of the people of the country into such a mutiny, that by a common and public decree, they banished their King Eacke, and allied with Cassander: which thing in the country of Epire was never seen since Neoptoleme the son of Achilles first governed there. For that Realm always went by descent from the father to son, and the Kings until that day died within the Country. After that rebellion, 
Lyciseus.  when Cassander had sent into Epire Lisiske to be governor and ruler of the same: they which stood in doubt whether to take Olympias part or no, seeing all things out of hope, turned to Cassander: whereby remained no more for Olympias but one expectation and hope of aid, to weet, of Polispercon, who not withstanding soon failed her. 
calas.  For calas whom Cassander had sent to war upon Polispercon, being very near encamped the said Polispercon, as he besieged the City of Perrheby, found the mean so to suborn his men of war, that the more part forsook him and rendered to calas. Thus and by these means in short time lost Olympias all her hope of aid.   

¶ Antigone thinking to surprise and discomfit Eumenes and his army, the said Eumenes (through his wisdom and diligence) frustrateth his enterprise: & by that mean saveth both his Elephants and baggage.  
The xiiij Chapter.  
WHile Antigone abode in the Country of Gamarge, in the Region of Mede as we have before declared, & had considered that he was much weaker than the enemy: he imagined and enterprised at unwares to assail them, & by skill and policy martial to conquer them, and the rather forasmuch as they were so dispersed in diverse villages to winter, that some of them were six days journeys one from another. Notwithstanding his enterprise was very difficult & hard to bring to good purpose, because to pass through the maneured country was a very long journey, and never able to do it without knowledge of the enemy, and he could not well pass his army the shorter way without great travail and want of all things, in so much as it was through the deserts, and the country very dry. Nevertheless, because it was the nearest way and meetest to bring his purpose to pass, he fully resolved to take it, whereby he thought he might best so surprise the enemy, being all dispersed, divided, and idle. Whereupon he commanded his Soldiers to be in readiness to depart, and to make provision of victuals ready to eat for ten days, causing it to be noised, that he would into Armenia. But suddenly beyond all men's expectation, he took his journey through the deserts in the winter when the days are at the shortest. And as he passed, he gave commandment to his soldiers on the day to make so great fires as they would, but in the night none, to the end the p● isaunts might not by the sight thereof have any notice to advertise the enemy, considering that the desert being plain and champion, and with high mountains environed, the light of the fire might easily be seen very far of. In this sort traveled they without fire in the night .v. days together. The .v. day at night, the Soldiers almost frozen to death and far spent for want of victuals and other things necessary, made fires to warm and refresh them. Which the inhabitants of the deserts seeing, and suspecting what that was, with all possible post sent certain of their men upon Dromadaries, a very swift beast in journeying, towards Eumenes and Penceste: which beasts in one day without bait, had posted a thousand five hundred furlongs, to aduerti● e them of the coming of Antigone. When Penceste his Soldiers understood that the enemy was already half way, they determined to go into the farthest parts where the rest of the Soldiers lay, and so join with them, rather than there still to tarry and be surprised of the enemy, before any aid could come unto them. When Eumenes see them thus feared and dismayed, he to give them courage, & to persuade them that they needed not to remove from the places they were in, which was the entry of the desert, declared that he had found out an excellent devise and remedy to stay the coming of the enemy for iij or iiij. days: during which time the rest of the army might easily be gotten thither, and so by that mean without any great difficulty they should win of the enemy victory, who with hunger and thirst were all benoumed and wearied, and likewise unprovided of all other things necessary. At whose words all the Soldiers marveled, and would needs know what devise that was or might be, which was able to keep back the enemy iij. or four days. Then commanded he, and enjoined all his Captains there, to follow him with those men they had, and to carry all the vessels they could get, wherein any fire might be made. Which done, he hasted to get the highest mountains about the uttermost limits of the desert, in the sight of the enemy, and on them placed men dispersed in diverse places, being about lxx furlongs in length, commanding every of them (during that time) to make great fires in the places where they stood all alongst about twenty cubits one from an other, and at the first watch of the night to make notable great fires, as though they watched and were at supper, at the second watch less, and at the third watch lest of all: to the end, that they which see them far of, might think it a great camp. Which commandment by the Soldiers diligently executed, many paysaunts dwelling on the mountains in the oppisite, and Pithon's friends Satrapa of Mede, with great speed descended into the plain, signifying to Antigone and Python, all they had seen: who were greatly abashed at those news, which they never doubted of. Wherefore they sobdainlie stayed where they were, & asked counsel of the said peasants what was best to do. For they thought it very dangerous, for their men being traveled, wearied, and unprovided of all things, to join battle with the enemy well provided of all things, & together assembled, thinking also, that some of their own men had betrayed them, and had advertised the enemy of their coming. Wherefore at last they left the plain way and took that on the right hand, by the mountains, a while to repose and refresh their people. In this sort abused Eumenes the enemy, having time enough to assemble all his power which was dispersed in diverse places and lodgings, to entrench and fortify his camp, and to provide & furnish it with all things necessary.  
After Antigone had passed all the deserts, word was brought him, that all Eumenes his Captains and men of war were gone to the camp, and that their Elephaunts were coming behind on the way almost at hand, without company or conduct of any men of war. Wherefore he chose out two thousand● lau●● es two hundred Tarentines, and all the light armed footmen to go and assail the enemies Elephants, thinking that if he could overthrow them, the enemy thereby should greatly be weakened. But Eumenes doubting thereof, sent to conduct the said Elephaunts, a thousand of the best horse he had, and about three thousand light armed footmen. When Antigone his Soldiers had showed themselves to the conductors of the Elephaunts, they arranged their beasts in a square battle. And after they set in order the. CCCC. horse that they had for their aid, and in the midst put all their baggage. Howbeit Antigone his band of horse, because of their great numbered so violently charged the horse of the enemy, that they were forthwith overthrown and put to flight. That done, the Antigonians charged the Elephaunts and their conductors, who a pretty while defended them, albeit they were by the enemy very sore hurt, and they harmed them no whit at all. Wherefore in the end they began to recoil and had out of hand fled, if present aid which was unlooked for, had not come and delivered them of that peril and danger.   

¶ Antigone in battle overthroweth Eumenes, putteth him to death, and after seizeth on all his army.  
The xu Chapter.  
Shortly after, as they lay in camp about xl furlongs one from an other: they embattailled themselves to assay and prove fortune, and to hazard their estates in hope of victory. And first Antigone began to place his horse and divided them into two wings or battles, of which the charge of the left he gave to Python, and himself with his son Demetre led the right, and aranged the armed footmen in the midst, and appointed the Elephaunts in the front of the battle in good order. And in the void space betwixt both, he placed the light armed footmen: so accounting those he brought out of Mede, he had in the whole xxij thousand footmen eight thousand horse, and lxv. Elephants. 
The number of the men on either side, and order of their battles.  When Eumenes understood that Antigone led the right wing or vanguard of his battle with his best horse, he placed himself right over against, in his left wing or rearward with his best and choice horse, because he had in that battle appointed the greater numbered of the most expert and best trained horse of the satraps, and in the same Mithridate Ariobarzane his son, which Ariaobarzane was descended from the princes of pierce, whom the Tyrants sometime flew, a valiant and hardy Champion, and had all his youth been brought up and trained in the wars, and before the wing or rearward he arranged in form of a cross, lx. of the most puissant and best Elephaunts: and in the void places appointed the light armed footmen. Next after, he placed his armed footmen in a main battle, in the forepart whereof, he first placed the ● erge bearers, behind them the Argiraspides, and after them the Mercenaries and other strangers, armed after the manner of the Macedonians, and before them all, his Elephants, and between them the light armed footmen, as him thought best. In the right wing or vanward which Philip led, he placed the other horse, and arranged before them the least & weakest Elephants, whom he commanded by no mean to charge, but to forbear fight and to have an eye and regard to the left wing or rearward. So there where in Eumenes army xxx thousand footmen uj thousand and seven. hundred horse, and. Cxl. Elephants. A little before they joined battle, Antigene gave commandment to one of his horsemen to ride straight against the Phalange of the enemy: and when he was near over against the place where the Macedonians stood, so that they might well hear him cry out with a loud voice unto them, saying these words following. Ah cursed and wicked people, how dare you presume to come against your fathers, who always have served with Philip and Alexander, and obtained in their companies many victories. Certes anon ye shall see them exploit as condign and worthy facts for the kings whom they have served & do, as their noble and honourable deeds heretofore executed and done. For there was not one the same time among the Argiraspides Macedonians under three score or three score and ten years of age or more, and by reason of their long continuance and exercise abidden in the wars, all passing valiant and hardy. After this horsseman had done his message, they on the other side answered aloud, and said they they were very sorry it was their chance to fight against their kinsfolks, cousins, and so ancient men of war. But the soldiers with Eumenes desirous of battle, exhorted him to march with speed against the enemy. Then Eumenes seeing their forwardness, made sign to the trumpets, who forthwith founded to battle, whereat both the armies made a great outecrie. The first which encountered were the Elephants, and next the horse: whereupon because the field was large, dry and barren, there arose through the moving and stirring of the horse, such a dust, that although they were hard together, yet could they scarcely discern one an other did. Which thing when Antigone see, he commanded the Median horse, and certain Tarentines, to ride out and spoil the camp & baggage of the enemy, which he thought by reason of the dust, might without the sight of the Eumenians be easily done, and so winning the camp and baggage, would with little effusion of blood be the cause of victory on their side, as it after happened. For the said Medians and Tarentines passing: the corner of the enemies battle, and riding forth on, ran upon the baggage, which was five furlongs from the battle, before they were perceived, & from thence to the camp, wherein were few soldiers but many stragglers, who for a while resisted, but soon after they put them to flight, and by that mean wan they the camp and carriages, and without any great resistance took all the stragglers. In the mean while began Antigone to join battle, and so charged the left wing or rearward which came against him, & through the great numbered of his horse, gave so violent a charge, that he daunted their courages, through which Penceste Satrapa of pierce, being in that wing, retired out of the dust with his own horses, and after him followed a thousand more, and by that mean was Eumenes left disfurnished and weakly accompanied in the uttermost part of that wing or rearward. notwithstanding he thought it a great shame and dishonour to fly, and therefore determined he rather to tarry, and valiantly defend the quarrel of the Kings, than to recoil. Whereupon he with might and main charged Antigone: so that the fight betwixt the horsemen was sharp and cruel, and many slain. It chanced the same very time as the Elephants were fight, that the foremost on Eumenes' side, was by the chief and principal of Antigone discomfited and overthrown. When Eumenes see his men disordered, and in all places have the worst, he retired the rest of his horse yet unbroken from the battle, and trooped to the wing or vanguard which Philip had the leading of, whom he had commanded to stay and delay from fight, and took his soldiers. In the mean time, the Argiraspides so lustily & courageously charged the main battle of the enemy, that with very hand strokes they slew many, & put a numbered more to flight. And their force was so intolerable, that they repulsed and discomfited the whole phalange, being the far greater numbered, whereof .v. thousand were slain, and the rest fled. When Eumenes understood that the enemy had won his camp, and that Penceste was at hand yet whole in troop, he forced to join with him, and to charge Antigone again with his horse. For he thought if he could get the victory, he should not only recover his own carriages and his men's, but also the enemies. Howbeit Pencest and his horsemen would not thereto agree, but road further of from the battle: and when night came, they retired one from an other into divers places. Antigone likewise divided his horse into two handes● the one of which himself kept, attending the doings of Eumenes and his soldiers, and the charge of the other he gave to Python, commanding him with all speed, to charge the Argiraspides, who were dissefurnished of their horse: which commandment with great diligence he executed: but the Argiraspides seeing their unability to resist, retired together in a square battle, hard to the river side, without hurt, greatly blaming Penceste: and his company, as the only causers of the overthrow of the horsemen. And being in such order retired, Eumenes with his horse came and joined with them. But at their accustomed hours to make fires, they went to consult and advisedly debate of their great business and weighty enterprises. The satraps were of the opinion that they all should forthwith retire into the high country which they governed. And Eumenes contrary affirming that it were best for them to charge afresh, saying that the Phalange of the enemy was discomfited, and that yet they were as many horse. Notwithstanding the Macedonians Argiraspides said, they would neither follow the one opinion nor the other, because all their goods, baggages, together with their wives, children and family, were under subjection of the enemy, so that the counsel and assembly without any conclusion broke up. They sent also secret messengers towards Antigone, practising with him to yield Eumenes at his pleasure, conditionally that he should restore their wives, children, and goods. The satraps likewise & the more part of the other Captains concluded a league & amity, and abandoned their chieftain. Through which mean, Eumenes was betrayed & rendered to Antigone. Who seeing that by greater hap and much better good luck, than he looked for, he had gotten under his subjection the Argiraspides and the rest of the soldiers which held against him, took Antigene colonel of the Argiraspides and buried him quick. He also slew Eudame captain of the Indian Elephants, & divers other captains his utter enemies. And for Eumenes, he committed the guarding of him to certain of his men, until he had determined what to do with him. For gladly he would have retained him, if either by good or gentle entreaty he thought he might win him: because he knew him to be a noble warrior and stout man. Notwithstanding he had no great confidence in his premis, by reason of the marvelous love and singular affection that he did bear Olympias & the Kings, which he before had well declared. For although he was by his mean from the siege of Nore delivered, yet after in the quarrel of the Kings he warred upon him with his whole power. Moreover seeing the mortal hate of the Macedonians against him, he determined to put him to death. Howbeit for the love and favour he before bore him, he caused him to be burnt, and in a fair vessel sent his bones to his kinsfolks and friends. He found likewise among the hurt men, Jerome Cardian, a wise and politic man, whom Eumenes greatly honoured and familiarly used: 
Jerome.  and therefore Antigone in like sort, after Eumenes his death, honoured and well entreated him.   

¶ Antigone retireth to winter in the country of Mede, and of the deluge or flood which that time chanceth in the country of Rhodes.  
The xuj Chapter.  
AFter Antigone had brought back all his army into the country of Mede, he wintered in a village of the Ecbathanes hard by, wherein is the King's Palace of that quarter, and divided his men of war through the whole country of Mede, and chief in the waste country, so called because of divers misfortunes which there sometime happened. For in old time about those quarters had been the richest and greatest number of towns within all that Province, and by reason of so many terrible and continual earthquakes, 
The waste Country.  all the said towns together with their inhabitants perished and were utterly lost, whereby the whole region was marvelously altered and changed: for there were such new rivers and lakes seen, as had not customably been. The same time that Antigone lay in Mede, the city of Rhodes was the third time by deluge or flood overcome, by reason whereof a great many Citizens a new were at that present drowned, more than at the other two times. For the first, because the town was newly built and little inhabited, did no great hurt. The second was much greater, and did more damage, for that there were more enhabitaunts. But the third came about the spring, and began through great rains & showers which fell suddenly with mighty & marvelous hail stones: for they fell hole and big and weighty as a mine, but some much bigger and heavier: so that they beat down the tops of many weak built houses, and killed a great number of people: and because the City was round, stepest and highest in the midst in manner of a Theatre, the waters on every side so abundantly flowed, that the lower parts were incontinent filled up, and could no way pass nor fall, because the Citizens (seeing winter passed) took no great h● de to the cleansing of their sinks under the earth. And the more part of the sinks and channels about the walls were so choked, that the water in short time grew so ● ie & strong, that it flowed up to the market place called Digma, 
Digma.  and the temple of Dionisie, and in the end grew and arose up like a lake, even to the temple of Esculape. Whereupon the Citizens seeing so great and sudden a deluge, sought every man to save himself. Some ran to the ships, some to the theatre: and they which were most oppressed, s● aled the tops of the churches, and clymbed the pillars on which the statues and images stood. And as the Citizens were in this terror and perplexity, chanced them a sudden remedy. For one of the panes of the wall (through the violence of the water) fell down: and so by that means it voided and ran into the sea. It was also a happy turn that the deluge chanced on the day, because that when the Citizens see the imminent danger, they had leisure to get out of their houses, and withdraw them to the highest places of the town. It was good hap likewise that the walls of their houses were strongly built of stone, and not of brick: and therefore they which got up to the tops were safe. Howbeit, there died above .v. hundred, and many houses overthrown & wholly beaten down, beside diverse that were sore shaken and quashed. In this danger and inconvenience was the City of Rhodes.   

¶ Antigone by craft putteth to death Python, who beginneth to rebel: and giveth the satrapy of Mede to Orondonate: and likewise vanquisheth certain other Median rebels.  
The xvij Chapter.  
AS Antigone wintered in the country of Mede, he was advertised that Python practised with the soldiers in garrison, about some enterprise. Notwithstanding he made semblant that he believed not the report, reproving the reporters before the people, saying, that to set controversy between him and Python, they had feigned and devised it in their own heads. He caused it also to be openly divulged, that he would leave the said Python Satrapa and governor of all the Provinces and satraps of the high country, together one part of his army, so that he might rule the better, and hold and keep himself in safety. He writ also unto him gentle and gracious letters, praying him to repair over so soon as was possible to communicate and devise of the affairs in those quarters, to the end Antigone might with more speed return to Sea. This did he with a crafty and painted countenance, clearly to put him out of suspicion, thinking he would, in hope of obtaining that signory, come to him. For well he knew, it was not hi●● ase forcibly to take him, because he was a valiant and courageous man, and such one, that Alexander when he lived, by reason of his virtue, had given him the government of the same country of Mede, which to that day he held and enjoyed. And to be short, he through corruption and other ways, greatly got the good wills of the men of war, that the more numbered promised to forsake Antigone and follow him. Notwithstanding, although he for this cause somewhat mistrusted his crafty cloyning, yet through the hope which certain of his familiars and friends with Antigone put him in, he came at his commandment. And so soon as he was come, Antigone caused him to be apprehended, and the chief and principal Captains of the army being there in manner of a Senate assembled, accused him. Before whom he was lightly convict, & incontinent condemned to death, and with greater speed executed. Which done, he assembled the whole army, & in their presence proclaimed Orondonate the Median, 
Orondonate.  Satrapa of the said Country of Mede, having for his assistance and aid Captain Hypostrate with four thousand Mercenary footmen, 
Hyopstrate.  and .v. hundred horse. And himself with the rest of the army went to the City of Ecbathane, 
The City of Ecbathane.  where he took .v. hundred Talents of uncoined silver. From thence traveled he towards the City of Persepolis, in the country of pierce, 
The City of Persepolis.  distant thence twenty days journey of. But as he passed on his journey, certain of Python his friends & coniuratours, of which Meleager and Menete were chief, 
Meleager.  
Menete.  had assembled, and got together of Python's familiars about eight hundred horse, and made many incursions and roads upon the people of the Country which would not obey them. But when they were advertised of the encamping of Hypostrate and Orondonate, they suddenly by night assailed them, and had almost won their camp. And although they were through the numbered of the enemy repulsed, yet suborned they some of their Soldiers, who went away with them. And because they were all horse and had no carriages, they feared all the whole country, and set them in a marvelous uproar. But in the end being sore pressed and charged, they were forced to retire into a valley environed with steep rocks, and almost inaccessible, and at last there taken and slain. But Meleager and Occrane both valiant Captains, and diverse other of the principal stoutly standing to their defences, were amongst the rest also slain. And this was the end of the rebels in Mede.   

¶ Antigone coming into pierce, and there received as Lord and Signior of all asia, divided the Satrapies thereof: and after goeth to the City of Suse, and taketh all the treasure he there findeth.  
The xviij Chapter.  
WHen Antigone was come into the country of pierce, he was without contradiction by the people of the country as Lord and Signior of all asia honourably received. And after that he assembled his friends, and with them consulted and devised concerning the division of the satraps. 
Pampolemon.  First he left to Pampolemon Carmanie, and to Stasanor Bactriane: because he could not with his letters easily expulse them, who were of the inhabitants in the said provinces well beloved, and had also amongs the men of war great friends and mighty armies. Into Arie he sent Erite, 
Erite.  and after his death, he deputed Euagoras, 
Euagoras.  a man of marvelous great courage, and wise. 
Oxiarthe.  He permitted likewise Oxiarthe the father of Roxanne Alexander's wife, to keep and enjoy the satraps of Paropanisade, as he before held it: because he could not expulse him without great power, and long continuance. He also called home out of Aracothe Sybirte, whom he dearly loved: and on him bestowed that Satrape, giving him the charge of the mutinous Argiraspides, under a colour to lead them into the wars, but the truth is, it was to destroy them. For he told him in counsel, that he would send and put them to such uses as they should lose their lives. Amongs which were those the betrayed Eumenes, 
Even so cometh to all Traitors.  and for their treason suffered that way condign punishment. And as oftentimes it happeneth, that treasons to Princes are profitable to win victory: even so to such as commit them, they have always been the cause efficient of many and great mischiefs.  
After Antigone see that Penceste in the Country of pierce was greatly honoured, he expulsed him the satrapy, whereupon many of the country being therewith aggrieved, at last one of the chief and principal of them named Thespius, 
Thespius.  stepped out and frankly told him, that they would obey none other: whom he caused for his so saying, incontinent to be slain, and gave the satrapy to Ascleptodore: 
Ascleptodore.  together a sufficient and able numbered of men of war, to guard and defend it. Notwithstanding he with gentle words and large promises courteously entertained Penceste, until he had gotten him out of the country. These things done, Antigone took his journey towards Suse: and as he approached near the city, Xenophile Captain of the the Castle of Suse, 
Xenophilus.  and Treasurer of all the treasure Royal within the same, by Seleuke sent to offer his service, and to be at his commandment, met him about the river Pasitigre, whom Antigone gently and courteously received, making him believe that he would honourably entreat him, lest if he otherwise did, Xenophile might alter his determination and purpose, and so should be despoiled and rob of him. By which mean, after they were entered the City, Xenophile rendered him the Castle, wherein he found a tree and many other things, all of massife gold, amounting to the value of xu thousand Talents: he found also there great sums of money, besides many crowns with other great gifts and spoils, to the value of .v. thousand Talents. So by that mean and with that he brought out of the country of Mede, he had in gold and silver the sum of xxv thousand Talents. And for this time we will leave speaking of Antigone and the things by him done in asia, and return to that the same time exploited in Europe.   

¶ Cassander taketh by composition Olympias, and after putteth her to death.  
The xix Chapter.  
Now saith the history, that Cassander who besieged Olympias within the City of Pidue, in the country of Macedon, could not well win it, by reason of the winter season, but only with ditches and trenches, held it enclosed and guarded the Port with ships: to the end no aid or succour should be thither brought. By mean whereof, the towns men were so distressed and in such need, that they allowed monthly to every soldier, but five Choenices of corn: 
Choenice was a measure amongs the Greeks about the bigness of our quart, or somewhat more.  Neither did the Elephants eat any thing else than the powder of dry wood, and the horsemen were forced to eat their horses. Notwithstanding the Queen still hoping of succour, so long abode the siege, that the Elephants died of hunger: and almost all the extraordinary horsemen, besides the greater part of the footmen, died for want of victuals. And certain Barbarians which there served, by necessity constrained (against nature) eat the flesh of the dead carcases. And the rest which were uneaten, one part by the Commissioners, deputed by the Queen, was buried, and the other thrown over the walls into the ditches, very horrible to see: so that not the women alone, who always had been finely & delicately brought up, but the Soldiers also, which had abiden almost as many miseries as might be, endured there a most intolerable stench. But at last, the famine daily increased, that many of the Soldiers came to the Queen and desired leave to departed, who seeing the great want of victuals, and other inability to deliver them of the siege, gave licence: whereupon they departed and rendered to Cassander, whom he right gently received, and sent them home to their own houses, trusting that the Macedonians thereof advertised, and seeing no hope to be looked for at the Queen's hands, would not long travail in her aid: wherein they had good reason. For all the Macedonians which determined to succour her, understanding the danger, she was in, altered their opinions, and took part with Cassander: 
Aristone.  Aristone and Momme except, which Aristone kept the City of Amphipolis, 
Amphipolis.  and Monime the City of Polle When Olympias see, 
Monime. Polle.  that one part of the Macedonians had quite forsaken her, & that the rest were unable to maintain & help her, she went about to save herself & her friends in a Galley by sea, which she caused to be sent for and brought to the Port. But Cassander being thereof advertised by one that fled out of the town took the said Galley. Whereupon the Queen despairing in her affairs & business, sent Ambassadors to Cassander, to treat a peace. But he seeing the necessity wherein she stood, and therefore meaning that she should yield herself to his courtesy, he hardly granted her safe conduct for her own person. When Cassander had the city rendered to him, he incontinent sent certain of his men of war to take Amphipolis and Polle. Whereupon Monime Captain of Polle understanding the state of Olympias, yielded without resistance. But Aristone who was extreme proud both of his great hand of men of war, as also for that he had a little before vanquished and overcome Cratebas, one of Cassander's Captains, in battle slain a great part of his army, 
Cratebas.  subsecuted & chased him through the country of Busalcie, hard to the City of Bedine, 
Bedine.  & it besieged & took by composition, whom he after with two thousand of his men beside, sent away with white rods in their hands, supposing that Eumenes had not been yet dead, and hoping that Polispercon and Alexander his son would come to aid him, utterly refused the yielding up of the City of Amphipolis. But after Olympias had written to him to render the Town, summoning him of his faith and allegiance, he thought it best so to do, and taking surety for his person, gave up the same. Notwithstanding Cassander considering the great authority of Aristone, by reason of Alexander's advancing him in his life, and meaning to make quick dispatch of so many as would or might any way let or hinder his affairs and doings, caused Cratebas own kinsfolks to kill him. He persuaded likewise all their friends which Olympias had put to death, to accuse her in the place of judgement before the assembly of the Macedonians, which thing they did: where the Macedonians in her absence without patron or Advocate there to defend her cause, condemned her to death: whereupon after sentence and judgement given, Cassander sent to her certain of his friends, persuading her to fly, promising to enbarque her in a Galley, which should bring her to the city of Athens. And this did he, not for any good will to save her, but to the end she might by that mean voluntarily run in exile, and be drenched in the Sea: so that it might after have been said, how by fortune of the sea, and judgement of the Gods, she was for her cruel, mischievous and wicked deeds, justly punished. Nevertheless, she answered that messengers, that fly she would not, nor yet refuse the judgement of the Macedonians. Which thing Cassander perceiving, he for fear that the people and assembly of the men of war would alter their determinations and minds, when they understood she was well able to purge her of every offence wherewith they would charge her, and should likewise reduce and call to memory the great good turns and honours by them long before at the hands of Philip and Alexander received, sent. CC. of his trustiest soldiers about him to kill her. Who with great violence entering the Palace where she was, were at the first sight so abashed with the Majesty of her face, that they returned without doing her any hurt. But their kinsfolks whom she caused to be slain, thinking to revenge their deaths, & also to gratify Cassander, out of hand slew her, who never made words or showed any countenance of a woman dismayed, or yet faint hearted. In this sort Olympias, which in her time had been the most honourable Dame of the world, Neoptoleme his daughter King of Epire, Alexander his sister King of Epire, who warred in Italy, King Philip his wife of Macedon the most puissant of all other which before him in Europe reigned, & Alexander his mother, surnamed the great, which had exploited the most notable and honourable wars that ever were worthy the writing and talk, miserably ended her life.   

¶ After the death of Olympias, Cassander espouseth Thessalonice Alexander the great his sister, & foundeth the City of Cassander. And after he hath put in safe keeping Roxanne and Alexander his son, he goeth into the country of Beote, and reedifieth the City of Thebes.  
The twenty Chapter.  
WHen Cassander thus gloriously & prosperously reigned, he affected the realm of Macedon, and the better to bring his purpose to pass, espoused Thessalonice, 
Thessalonice.  Philip his daughter and Alexander his sister both by father and mother, being always desirous to insinuate himself with the line royal. He likewise in the country of Palene, within the Region of Macedon, found and built a city named Cassandria, 
The City of Cassandria.  and peopled it with inhabitants of the Cities of Cheronese and Potede, and diverse other villages about the same City, and the remnant of the Olinthians. By which mean & also because of the great & fertile territory, he laid and gave thereto and by other ways he took, wherewith on hand to enlarge and make it great. The City in short time became so mighty and rich, that it was named to be the greatest and worshipfullest amongs all the Cities of Macedon. Now had Cassander purposed to put to death Alexander his son, and Roxanne his mother: to the end, there should no more of Alexander's line remain on live. But before he would execute this execrable murder, he stayed, first to understand what the Macedonians thought of the death of Olympias, & what talk was amongs them: together what Antigone did in Asie. Wherefore he all that while caused Roxanne and her son to be brought into the Castle of Amphipolis, and charged Glaucias Captain thereof and one whom he greatly trusted with the keeping of them, commanding him to use and treat them no other ways but as common persons, laying all princilie honours and dignities towards them apart, and to put away all the children which had been brought up with the said Son of Alexander, as his play fellows. After that, he took upon him the authority and government as King, and caused solemn exequys for Eurydice and Philip, whom Olympias had made be murdered, to be celebrated, & with great pomp and solemnity entombed them in a tomb royal with the Kings their predecessors, making sports and pastimes, at those days accustomed. That done, he levied a great numbered of men of war in the country of Macedon, to go into Peloponese. While Cassander was thus occupied, and that Polispercon who lay besieged in the City of Naxe, in the Region of Perrheby, understood of Olympias death, apperceiving no longer hope for him to take in hand to rule the affairs of Macedon. privily by night stole out of the City with a few of his people, and passing through Thessaly, took the Soldiers with Eucide, and traveled into Ethole (where he was very well beloved) to see what retinue or train would there govern the affairs of Macedon, hoping to find some mutation or change. After Cassander had assembled a mighty army, he sped him into Peleponnese to chase Alexander the Son of Polispercon, because there was not one of his enemies which had an whole army but he, who also had fortified and furnished all the Towns and Castles of the same Country, by him thought most meet and defensible. Thus without empechement or stop, passed Cassander through the country of Thessaly. But after he was come to the entry of the Piles the Etholian. kept him such play, and so stoutly resisted him, that with great and difficult pain, he perforce wan the passage: but after he was passed & had entered the country of Beote, he sped him to bring back and again to assemble all the Thebans, and to restore and re-edify the City of Thebes, thinking be should thereby get both great praise and immortal fame: aswell for the high and incomparable facts of the same City, as also for the marvelous reports which came thereon. And because it had been greatly altered and changed, & oftentimes made desolate, I think good to make some notable declaration of the fortunes and chances that thereto happened.   

¶ Of the foundation and fortunes of the City of Thebes in Beota.  
The xxj Chapter.  
AFter the deluge and flood of Deucation, the City of Thebes in Beote was by Cadme first founded & built, 
Cadme.  and by his name called Cadme, by the Spartes inhabited, to say, a people dispersed, because the recourse there was of all sorts. It was by some also named Thebicene to wit dwelling at Thebes, for that by reason of the deluge, the people departed thence and scattered abroad in diverse countries, and after returned thither. It fortuned after, that the Eucheleians (by force) chased and expulsed the said inhabitants about the same season that Cadme with his people was put to flight, and fled into the country of Illyrie. After that, Amphion and Zethe who had the government thereof, 
Amphion.  
Zethe.  enlarged the same as witnesseth Homer, 
Home● e.  saying: Who first with walls environed Theban Town: And with seven gates, to win fame and renown. Yet after that, the inhabitants whom Amphion & Zethe had thither brought, were by Polidore the son of Cadme the second time expulsed, 
Polydore.  by reason of a sudden mortality which happened Amphion his children. And in process of time, the same being by the successors of the said Polydore governed, all the country bore the name of Beote, so called of Beote, 
Beote.  the son of Neptune and Menelippe which sometime ruled there. 
Neptune.  The Argives likewise the third time expulsed the Thebans, 
Menalippe.  and took the City. But after the Argives were gone again into their country, the Thebans which retired into Alcomene, in the mountain of Thilphosine, returned home. Yet after that certain of the said Thebans were gone to the siege of Troy, the Pelasgians drove so many as remained at home, both out of the City & Country, who continued in exile in diverse miseries until the fourth generation, as by an Augury of certain Crows was presaged. But in the end, the succession of the exiles, in the fourth generation returned, and there inhabited the space of eight hundred years. Who were the first that governed that Region, and after contended and fought for the Empire of Grece until the time that Alexander the son of Philip (by force) took the city, and after razed it. But about twenty years after, Cassander (desirous of glory as aforesaid) through his earnest request and marvelous persuasions, by the assent and consent of the whole country, re-edified it, and repeopled it with those which lived, and of the line of the exiles which were dead, aswell for the pity he had of the miserable people, as also for the glory & renown of the city. The Athenians also at their own costs and charges, built and set up one part of the wall. Many other cities, likewise and several people of Grece, Sicill & Italy, h● lp them with money. After this manner recovered the Thebans their City and Country.   

¶ After Cassander hath taken and subdued certain Cities of Peloponnese, and understandeth of the coming of Alexander, Polispercon his son, against him, he returneth into M● c● done.  
The xxij Chapter.  
WHen Cassander was with his whole army come to the entry of Peloponnese, called Isthmus, and found the same by Alexander the son of Polispercon taken and guarded, 
Isthmus.  he passed beyond him, and went to Megare, 
Megare.  and there got together a numbered of ships, barges and ferry boats, wherein he put over into Epidaure his army and Elephants, 
Epidaure.  and so came against the city of Argos, 
Argos.  which he constrained to revolt from Alexander, and to take his part. He reduced likewise after, all the towns and cities of the Messenians to him, except I● home, 
Ithome.  and by composition took the City of Hermonide. 
Hermonide.  And apperceiving that Alexander came against him to fight, 
Gerannie.  left in the City of Gerannie about I● thmus. 
Moliecke.  Moliecke one of his captains with two thousand trained soldiers, and himself returned into Macedon.   

¶ Upon Antigone his arrival in Babylon, Seleuke perceiving that he seeketh occasions to expulse or kill him, flieth into Egypt.  
The xxiij Chapter.  
THe year ensuing wherein Praxibule was created Governor of Athens, and Nance, Spure & Mark Popill were chosen consuls at Rome, after Antigone had given to Aspise one of the satraps of the country, the satrapy of Susiane, 
Aspise.  he got together a numbered of charriotes and camels to carry all his gold and silver to sea, and with them and his army took his journey to Babylon. And when he had in twenty days journeys reached Babylon, Seleuke Governor of that Province, honourably received him, on whom he bestowed great gifts, and royally banqueted his soldiers. Notwithstanding Antigone called him to an account, for the revenue of the said Province. And because he held & maintained that he was not accountable for it, considering that the said Province was by the Macedonians in the life of Alexander, for his merits and good service bestowed on him, they were at some controversy. Nevertheless after Seleuke had remembered his dealing towards Python, he much doubted that Antigone under like colour, would make quick dispatch of him, for so much as it was well known, that he endeavoured him to discomfit all the noble personages and men in authority, which were appointed for the ruling and government of any good and honest business. Wherefore because of the notable fame and renown which was blown abroad of Ptolemy, his great honour and honesty, and also his gently and friendly entreaty of all such as came unto him for help, he with. L. horse departed thence, and fled into Egypt unto him. Which news wonderfully joyed and gladded Antigone, because he thought the would be such a colour for him, that no man should be able to reproach him and say he had laid hands on Seleuke his great friend, who had with his power always aided him: but that of his own mind he voluntarily fled, and by that mean left him without question or difficulty, the said satrapy. But after he was by the Chaldees advertised and admonished, that if Seleuke escaped his hands, he should be Lord and King of the whole Empire of asia, and s● ea him in battle: he then marvelous sorry repented him of his escape. Wherefore he sent out in all possible post, certain horse after him, who in long pursuit and doing less good, returned. And although Antigone gave no great faith or credit to such divinations, yet by reason of the authority of the said Chaldees, and their great and long knowledge and experience in the course and influence of the stars, he was meruellouslie troubled. For the people of that country and sect, had alone a thousand years wholly applied themselves to that kind of study and knowledge. Which thing by their great experiences, well appeared, and chiefly by Alexander his death, of whom they presaged that if he entered Babylon, he should there lose his life. And as that prediction proved true in Alexander, even so according to their divination of Antigone happened him, as hereafter when we come to the time wherein it chanced, shall at large be declared. But for this time let us out of hand treat of the army of Seleuke in Egypt.   

¶ Of Seleuke his practise and devise, touching the alliance and confederacy betwixt Ptolemy, Cassander & Lysimache, against Antigones of their defiance they send him, and of his preparation against them. Also of his siege against the City of tire in Phenice.  
The xxiiij Chapter.  
WHen Seleuke was come into Egypt, Ptolemy right honourably and courteously received him. To whom he recompted the ungentle and disloyal dealing of Antigone against him: declaring farther, that Antigone his meaning was to expulse and vanquish all the satraps which had any rule or dominion, and especially all those which had been in household with Alexander. And the more to asserten him of the truth that it was so, he recompted how he had put to death Python, expulsed Penceste pierce, and all he had done to himself: where neither he nor they had once offended him, but had employed and bestowed all their travail and service, as his dear friends and complices. He farther showed him the mighty power he had of men, and his innumerable treasure: together the great victories and prosperity he had in short time achieved: whereby he began to wax so proud and arrogant, that he affected the whole Empire of Macedon. By these tales & reports had he persuaded Ptolemy to prepare and resist him. And again sent certain of his friends into Europe towards Cassander and Lysimache, to perusade them to do the like: who diligently performed their charge. By reason whereof they forged many practises, which were the original and beginning of great dissension & wars. For Antigone who doubted (& not without good cause) the evil will of Seleuke against him, and the practises he would devise, sent his Ambassadors towards Ptolemy, Cassander, and Lysimache, to exhort and desire them to continue and remain his old and ancient friends. Nevertheless after he had created Python who descended from the Indians, 
Python.  Governor of Babylon, and left him there, he took his journey with the whole army, and marched towards Cilicie: And after he was come to Maley, 
Maley.  he divided his army into diverse places to winter. 
The City of Quint.  He took also all the money he could get in the City of Quint, amounting to ten thousand Talents: & with the rest he brought with him, he was marvelously provided of gold and silver, besides his clear yearly revenue of xj thousand Talents. 
Antigone his yearly revenue.  By reason whereof, as also for his mighty puissance of Soldiers and men of war, he was much to be feared. When winter was past, as Antigone with his whole power had taken his journey to come into the hire Syrie, the Ambassadors of Ptolemy, Cassander, and Lysimache came unto him: who having open audience to tell their Ambassade, demanded of him to restore to Cassander the countries of Cappadoce and Lycie, to render Lysimache Phrygie and Hellespont, to yield up to Ptolemy all Sirie, and to deliver to Seleuke Babylon. And that he would also make an equal division with them of all the treasure he had gotten and taken since the wars commenced against Eumenes: because they had been partakers with him, and companions in the said wars. And in case he refused this to do, they denounced to him in the names of them all, that they would ally and join together, to arrere mortal hostility against him. When Antigone had heard this their Ambassade, he with arrogant & insolent words answered, and amongs other things willed and charged them to tell Ptolemy that he made good and strong preparation to stand to his defence. When the Ambassadors were returned and had made report of their answer, the said Ptolemy, Cassander and Lysimache, reallied together, and made the greatest preparation of men, armour, and all other things necessary for the wars, they possibly could. When Antigone understood thereof, and considered the nobleness, puissance and authority of those against whom he took on hand wars: he drew to his amity and alliance all the Princes, Nations and Cities he could get. For accomplishing whereof, he sent Ageselaye towards the Kings of Cypress, and to the Rhodians, Idonome and Moschion. He sent also into Cappadoce an army with his Nephew Ptolemy, to raise the siege before the city of Amiss, and to expulse all Cassander's Soldiers that country: giving him farther in charge to have a vigilant eye and take good heed, the Cassander passed not into Asie, through Hellespont. Moreover, 
Aristodeme.  he sent Aristodeme the Milesian with a thousand Talents to Peloponnese to make alliance with Polispercon & Alexander his son, and to get together there, so many men as they could, and forthwith war upon Cassander. That done, he sent to make ready his posts & Beacons, throughout all the country of asia under his obeissance: by which he might in all his affairs have speedy advertisement. These things set in order, he sped him towards the country of Phenice, meaning there to prepare and make ready a Navy to send to Sea: because the enemy was yet strongest at Sea: by reason of their great Navy, and himself altogether disfurnished. And when he was come into Phenice, he encamped before the City of tire, meaning to besiege it. Nevertheless, he sent towards the Kings of the Country, and Governors of Syrie, exhorting and requiring their aid and help for the addressing his Navy to sea: because all the ships which had been before in the country, Ptolemy had sent into Egypt. He commanded also the lieutenants of Syrie to furnish him with so much wheat, as should suffice the maintenance of his army for one whole year, and himself got together all the Carpenters, sawyer's and shipwrights he could find, and caused them to fell an innumerable numbered of trees in the mount Libane, 
The mount Libane.  which were carried to the Sea side, for he had eight thousand men to fell, saw and build ships, besides a thousand wanes for carriage. It is to be understood, that the Mountain is of a great length, for it runneth alongst from the Cities of Tripoli and Byblie, even to Sydone, full of an innumerable numbered of marvelous high and mighty cedars and Cypress trees. He likewise caused three mighty Docks to be cut out to build the said ships in, one at Tripoli, another at Byblie, and the third at Sidone, all three in Phenice. There was also an other in Cilice, whether was brought all the timbre field and cut down in the mount Thaure: and another at Rhodes, by the consent of the citizens, likewise to build ships in. As Antigone was thus occupied in building of ships, & encamped about the sea side, Seleuke cometh out of the Country of Egypt with a Navy of an hundredth tall ships of war under all their sails, richly appareled, passing alongst the Sea coast in the view of the camp, as who would say, in despite and maugre Antigone and his people. At which sight the Citizens of the next Cities & other his allies with him, were in great terror and fear, being then apparent that the enemy was Lord and King at sea. Wherefore they thought, they went to forraie and rob their Cities and territories. When Antigone see them thus daunted, he comforted them in the best manner he could, saying, that himself without stop, would that summer be upon the seas with .v. hundred tall and warlike ships or more. And as he was thus occupied about the things aforesaid, Ageselay whom he had sent into Cypress, came towards him and reported unto him, that Nicocrey and diverse other mighty & puissant Kings were already allied with Ptolemy. But that Citicke, 
Nicocre. Citike. Lapite. mary. Cerenite.  Lapite, Marie, and Cerenite, had allied with him. Which news understood, he left Andronicke with four thousand men behind at the siege of tire, and himself with the rest went against the cities of Hyoppe and Gaze, 
Andronice.  his adversaries, and won them together all the Soldiers of Ptolemy within the towns, 
Hyoppe.  and retained them in wages, 
Gaza.  & thrust into them garrisonnes, and into the rest of the Cities in that quarter. That done, he retired towards his other camp lying before tire, making provision for all things necessary to take the City.   

¶ Of the wisdom and virtue of Phile, Antipater his daughter.  
The xxv Chapter.  
AT that same very time Aristo to whom Eumenes had given Cratere his bones to bury, delivered them to Phile, 
Phile.  first married to Cratere, and then wife to Demetre, Antigone his son, who was reputed a right sage and virtuous Lady, in so much that her wisdom and courtesy towards the Soldiers being such, that she oftentimes appeased the controversies and mutinies arising in the camp, they loved & honoured her. She would also at her own costs and dispense marry the poor men of wars sisters and daughters: and beside acquit and discharge diverse of the soldiers when they had at any time been accused and wrongfully slandered. And it was said, that when Antipater her father (whom all men thought to be the wisest and sagest Prince in his time that ever bear rule) had any great & mighty affairs in hand, that he would use the advise and counsel of Phile his daughter. And although she was in manners gracious and excellent, yet did she far pass in speech and utterance, and all her doings were thereto correspondent & agreeable. And as for her wit and prudence, that well appeared upon the judgement which she gave of Demetre his principality, as we will hereafter set forth in their places.   

¶ Antigone winneth to his alliance Polispercon and Alexander his son, and by a decree by the Macedonians made, denounceth Cassander an enemy, and after taketh the City of tire.  
The xxuj Chapter.  
BUt now we will return to the Chieftains and Ambassadors whom Antigone had sent into diverse places to make new alliaunces. And first, Aristodeme who was sent towards the Spartians, 
Aristodeme.  had by their permission and sufferance, assembled in the country of Peloponnese eight thousand footmen, with whom he went to seek out Alexander Polispercon his Son, and in Antigone his name allied with him & his father: through which alliance he left the government of the country of Peloponnese to Polispercon, and persuaded Alexander to go into Asie towards Antigone, which he performed. And the other Chieftains, to weet, Ptolemy his Nephew whom he had sent into Cappadoce with a great army, delivered the city of Amise from the siege, which Asclepiodore one of Cassander his Captains lay before, 
Amise.  and upon composition dismissed him with all his Soldiers, 
Asclepiodore.  and so recovered the Satrape. From thence he went into Bythanie, and finding Zibith King of the said country besieging the Cities of Calcedone and Astacone, forced him to raise it, and after allied with him, and the said cities, and took of them hostages. From thence he traveled into jonye and Lydie: because Antigone had written to him to make so great speed as might be to the Regions lying and bordering upon the sea, because he understood the Seleuke was sailing towards those quarters. And at last Seleuke arrived in the countries, and besieged the city of Erythe. But after he was advertised of Ptolemy his coming, he retired without doing of any thing. When Alexander was come to Antigone, he confirmed and swore the alliance for him and Polispercon his Father.  
Then assembled he all his men of war, and in presence of them, charged and greatly accused Cassander, but chiefly for the death of Olympias, and the detaining of Roxanne & her son in prison: alleging moreover that he forcibly had espoused Thessalonicke, and in deed meant thereby openly to usurp the Realm of Macedon. And farther objected, that he had suffered the City of Olynthe chief enemy to the Macedonians, to be reenhabited, and also re-edified the city of Thebes, which Alexander, surnamed the great, had destroyed and razed. When he see, that by the means of those accusations and tales the men of war and Soldiers there assembled, were with Cassander greatly despited: he incontinent caused a decree to be written & proclaimed: wherein Cassander was pronounced an enemy, except he would raze the said two cities, set at liberty the said King and Roxanne his mother into the hands and guard of the Macedonians, and also wholly obey Antigone, named and chosen Emperor of the army, protector and regent of the Kings, and of the realm of Macedon. He would also it should be denounced, that all the Greeks were discharged of all garrisonnes and other impositions, to live at liberty according to their ancient and accustomed wont.  
When this Decree had been thus by the common assent and consent of the whole army ratified and approved. Antigone by & by sent it throughout all quarters to be published, trusting that the Greeks in hope to come at liberty, would ally and join with him. He likewise thought that when the satraps and Governors of the Satrapies of the higher countries of asia (which still imagined that Antigone would clearly extinquish the Kings, and all the line Royal of Alexander) apperceived that he now enterprised and publicly took in hand, the wars for the defence of the Kings, they would alter & change their determination & purpose, & gladly become obedient and subject to him. That done, he gave to Alexander .v. hundred Talents, and sent him into Peloponnese laden and fraught with fair promises, and in hope to be preferred to some great authority and honour. He sent also for his ships to Rhodes, the greater numbered of which he made ready and furnished, and after embarked and sailed to tire, 
tire.  and both by sea & land besieged the city the space of xu months, so that nothing could be brought into it. Whereupon in the end they were enforced to render upon this composition and agreement, that all Ptolemy his Soldiers within the same, should with bag and baggage safely depart, and Antigone at his pleasure to thrust in his gerrisones.   

¶ Of the practises, devices and provision by Ptolemy & Seleuke on the one part, & Antigone on the other part, made by Sea in the country of asia.  
The xxvij Chapter.  
AMongs these entrefaicts, when Ptolemy understood the edict and decree which Antigone and the Macedonians had made for the liberty of Grece, because he would it should to the Greeks be known, that he had so good an heart and will to restore them to liberty, as the said Antigone, he caused the like proclamation to be made, and before them to be notified and published. For either of them made great account, and thought it a very good way to win the Greeks to stand their friends, and therefore they contended how and by what mean they might best gratify them. He wan also to his alliance Cassander, governor of Carie, a mighty Prince, and one who had at his commandment many Cities. He sent likewise over and beside the four thousand men sent before by him to the Kings of Cypress his confederates, a mighty army to enforce to their obeissaunce their enemies, to weet, 
Myrmidon.  Myrmidon the Athenian with ten thousand Soldiers, 
Polyclete.  Polyclete with a Navy of an hundredth sail, and appointed for general Menelaus his brother. 
Menelaus.  And as they arrived in Cypress, they heard of Seleuke his being there: whereupon they held a counsel, wherein was concluded that Polyclete should with. L. ship sail into Peloponnese, to war upon Aristodeme, Polispercon and Alexander: That Myrmidon with the Mercenaries should into Carie to aid and comfort Cassander and other their allies, whom Ptolemy Antigone his brother warred on: and that Menelaus and Seleuke should remain in Cypress with Nycocreon and other their allies, to maintain the wars there. When Seleuke and his company had thus divided their power, they took the cities of Cerine and Lapythe, 
Stasicetus.  and there wan to their al-aliaunce Stasicetus King of the Manians, 
Amathusius  and forced Amathusius an other prince of the country to deliver than hostages. 
Cithia.  They besieged also with great force the City of Cythie, because they would not at their first coming ally with them. At that same very season sailed from Hellespont and the Rhodes, to Antigone xl sail under the conduct of Themyson their Admiral. 
Themison.  Dioscorides likewise brought from Hellespont and the Rhodes four score, 
Dioscorides.  besides the ships first built in Phenice, being in all, accounting those left at tire. Cxx. whereof four score & ten rowed with four tier of oars in a side: ten with five tier: ten with nine, and ten with ten tier, and xxx barks, the rest less, so that he had in the whole. CCxl. Galleys appointed for the wars. Which Navy he divided, whereof. L. he sent into Peloponnese, and appointed Dioscorides his brother's son, Admiral over the rest, and gave him in charge to go to the aid of his Allies, and purchase the good wills of the Isles not yet confederate. Now for this time, we will leave speaking of the things done in asia, and return to the matters exploited in Europe.   

¶ Of certain exploits of war, by Cassander and his Soldiers in Peloponnese and other parts of Grece done. And how Alexander Polispercon his Son revolteth. After of a great victory which Ptolemy his Navy hath against Antigone his Navy in Cilice. And after, Ptolemy and Antigone come to a parley, and of certain exploits of war between the Romans and Samnites.  
The xxviij Chapter.  
THe while that Antigone made preparation for the wars in the country of asia, as we have heretofore declared. Apollonide whom Cassander had left Captain of Argos, 
Apollonide.  secretly departed into Arcady, and in the night by stealth took the City of Stymphale. 
Stymphale.  In this mean time the Argives not content with Cassander, sent to Alexander Polispercon his son, and promised to yield him the Town, but he so detracted his coming, that Cassander was thither first come, & when he had entered the city, the Traitors conspirators took the Palace for their defence, which he besieged & clearly burnt to the ground. And of the rest be put some to death, and sent a great number in exile. The same time Cassander advertised of the sailing of Aristodeme into Peloponnese, and concourse of the Mercenaries thither: first assayed, if he could withdraw and remove Polispercon and Alexander his son from the amity of Antigone. And seeing it would not frame, he passed through the country of Thessaly into Beote, and strengthening the Thebans with aid for restoration of their City, entered Peloponnese, and took by force the city of Cencre, 
The City of Cencre.  and made incursions on the territories of Corinthe, and there winning two castles by force: licensed Alexander's Soldiers to depart without damage or hurt. After that, he was by a band which loved not Alexander, received into the City of Orcomenie, 
Orcomenie.  and licensed the citizens to pluck out by the ears certain of Alexander's friends, gotten into the Temple of Diane, and to do with them what they listed, whom they incontinent contrary to the law and common custom of Grece, put to the sword. After that, Cassander came against the City of Messenie, 
Messenie.  and seeing it to difficile to win, passed on and entered Arcady, in which country he left Damides Governor, 
Damides.  and himself returned to Argos, where he caused many tou● noys to be done, and after returned to Macedon. Whereof Alexander advertised, took with him Aristodeme, and warred upon all the Cities which Cassander had won and furnished with garrisonnes, thinking to bring under his subjection the said Cities, promising to restore them to liberty. Which Cassander understanding, sent towards him Propelle, 
Propelle.  by whom he offered, if he would yield and revolt from Antigone, to give him the government of Peloponnese, and the authority over all the army: & farther, to use him as his companion, and advance him to great honour and dignity. When Alexander had considered that the same offer whereunto Cassander granted, was the only occasion of the wars between them, he allied with him, & so became and remained Governor of Peloponnese. In this mean while, Policlete sent by Seleuke out of Cypress touched at Cencre, 
Polyclete.  and understanding of Alexander his revolt, and seeing there no army of adversaries, sailed into Pamphilie, 
Aphrodise.  and from thence to the city of Aphrodise in Cilice, 
Theodote.  where he understood, that Theodote Admiral for Antigone, was loused from Patare in the region of Lycie, 
Patare.  in the ships which came from Rhodes, manned with Mariners of Carie: 
Perilaye.  and that Perilaye for the more safety of the said Navy, went by land with a terrible army. Wherefore he by ambushes deceived both the said armies: for he closely laid a numbered of men against the enemy which came by land, where they must needs pass: and himself with the Navy lay behind a promontory, attending the enemy to battle. It happened that the army by land first lighted upon the Ambush, where being surprised and suddenly come upon, they were almost all slain and taken prisoners: amongs whom was Perilaus, all in the sight of the Rhodian Navy: who with great speed making towards the land to their aid, were by Policlete which there road in order of battle, so lustily bourded, that they discomfited all the whole Navy, and prized their ships, and the greater numbered of their men: amongs whom was Theodotus, who soon after, of the wounds he had received in fight, died.  
When Polyclete had thus without danger won these victories, he sailed into Cypress, and from thence to Peluse, whom Ptolemy honourably received, and with great rewards and gifts rewarded, and to him gave a far greater charge, as to the Author of that notable and honourable victory. He delivered also Perilaus and many other prisoners, for delivery of which Antigone had sent an honourable Ambassade, and to treat a peace. Which treaty was granted to be had at the place called the Eruption where they met together, and commoned of the matter, but departed without conclusion, because Antigone would not agree to Ptolemy his demands. The same season the Romans invading the Samnites, took by force from them the City of Ferent in Ponille. But the Citizens of Nucere called Alphaterne, by the persuasion of some revolted from the Romans, and confederated with the Samnites.   

¶ Of diverse exploits which Aristodeme, one of Antigone his Captains, doth against Alexander Polispercon his son in Peloponnese, & Alexander being slain, his wife through her prows, taketh upon her the government.  
The xxix Chapter.  
THe self same year that Nicodore governed Athens, and Luce Papyre the fourth time, and Quinte Publie the second time were at Rome created Consuls: Aristodeme Antigone his Lieutenant, understanding the revolt of Alexander Polispercon his Son, 
Aristodeme.  accused him in the presence of all the assembly of the Etholians, and persuaded them to join with Antigone. Which done, he departed with his Mercenaries out of the country, and came into Peloponnese, where he found Alexander and the Etholians, besieging the City of Cilene, 
Cilene.  sore distressed, and by his coming in good time to the aid thereof, raised the siege. And after he had thrust in as he ●● aught a sufficient numbered to guard and defend it, he went to Acaie, and there likewise delivered the City of Pataras, by Cassander's soldiers besieged. He took also by violence the city of Ege, 
Pataras.  and used the garrison thereof at his pleasure, 
Ege.  and according to the general Edict, determined to restore the City to liberty. Howbeit, he could not, because the men of war who by assault had taken it, were wholly bend to the spoil, slew many of the Citizens, and razed, and sacked a numbered of their houses. After that, during the time he was in Etholie, the Citizens of Dyme keeping a garrison of Cassander's in their City, 
Dyme.  suddenly had built and set up a wall between the town and castle, to separate them, exhorting one another to reduce their city to her pristinate liberty, and entrenching the Castle, gave many proud assaults. Which doings Alexander understanding, with his whole power returned, and after he had entered the town, he put to death the principal mutineers, imprisoned some, and banished a numbered. By mean whereof, the remnant never durst a long time after make or revive any commotion or rebellion, reducing to memory the misery and punishment of the late rebels. But not long after, they got in their aid the soldiers of Aristodeme in Ege, by whose help they again attempted the Castle, and by great industry won it, and flew the greater part of the garrisonne, together all the citizens which took part with Alexander: who departing at the same time from Sycione was under the colour of friendship by Alexion, 
Sycione.  
Alexion.  and certain his complices, shamefully slain. Notwithstanding after his death, Cratesipolis his wife took upon her the domination and rule of the city and army, 
Cratesipolis.  whom the Soldiers dearly loved, by reason of the great pleasures she had oftentimes done them, and always helping their present miseries. She was a wise Lady, and in matters of great importance had a marvelous forefight, and an heart and courage more valiant than to a woman was pertinent, which she amongs the Sicionians throughlie showed. For when the Sycionians, after the death of her husband, without making any account of her, had gotten in arms, in hope to have restored their liberty, she in battle vanquished and overthrew them. In which conflict were many slain, and xxx of the rest after taken and hanged. When she had appeased thus this mutiny, she peaceably governed the town, and had at commandment a great number of Soldiers which were all determined to abide in her service any adventures whatsoever. These things were done in Peloponnese.   

¶ Cassander making amity with the Acarnanians and Illyrians, and reducing to his alliance certain other Cities, returneth into Macedon, and the Etholians taking the City of Arginye in Acarnanye, slay and kill the inhabitants thereof.  
The xxx Chapter.  
WHen Cassander had considered, that the Etholians (which favoured Antigone) warred against the Acarnanians their neighbours, he thought he should do very well to ally with the Acarnanians in that war, and so abase and repress the Etholians. Whereupon he travailed with a mighty power out of Macedon into the country of Etholie, and encamped about the river Cambile, and there called together the Acarnanians to speak with them, 
The river of Cambile.  to whom he declared, the importance of the wars which they so long had had so near hand, and yet still continued. And the better to encounter them, said, that it was very needful, that they did forsake the indefensible small towns and villages, and get them into two or three of the chief & principal. For while they were so separated and divided, they could neither easily nor yet readily assemble, when occasion of business served, and thereby might lightly be surprised & discomfited. In following which counsel, the greater part retired into the City of Strate, 
Strate.  very great and strong. The Cynades and their neighbours into the City of Saurie. 
Saurie.  The Dorians & certain other into the city of Arginie. 
Arginie.  That done, Cassander for their guard and defence left a band of Soldiers under the charge of Lyascke, 
Lyascke.  and himself with the remnant went against the city of Leucade, 
Leucade.  and by an Ambassade got the favour of the city. From thence he went into Adrye, and by assault wan the City of Apollonie. 
Apollonie.  After that, he entered the country of Illyrie, and passing the river Hebre, 
Hebrus.  vanquished in battle King Glaucye of Illyrie, 
Glaucie.  and after made amity and alliance with him, which Glaucie amongs other things promised never to war against Alexander or any his Allies. After that, he subdued the city of Epidaure, and there left a garrisonne, 
Epidaure.  and so returned into Macedon. But during the time of this voyage, when the Etholians perceived that he was a great way of them, they assembled and got together the number of three thousand, & came to besiege the city of Arginie: which they round about entrenched, and made other fortifications to assault it. When the towns men see that, they came to a parley and treaty, wherein was accorded and agreed, that the besieged should render the Town and safely depart with bag and baggage: who trusting upon the conclusion, daparted. But the Etholians contrary to their oaths, pursued the citizens which went out, and flew them almost every one. And now we think it meet a little to touch the matters of asia.   

¶ Two bands of Cassander's which he sendeth to Lemne and carry, are by the Soldiers of Antigone overthrown.  
The xxxj Chapter.  
WHen Cassander had returned into Macedon, he was advertised that the cities of Lemne and Cary (Seleuke & Ptolemy their confederates) were by Antigone his Soldiers sore warred on and oppressed. Wherefore he sent part of his army for their succours, to detain Antigone in Asie, to the end he should have no leisure to pass into Europe. He writ also to Demetre Phalerey and to Dionise Captain of Munichie, 
Demetre.  to send twenty sail into the Isle of Lemne, 
Dionise.  which with all speed was done. And for transfreting of them, Captain Aristotre had charge: 
Aristotre.  who after his arrival in the Isle, sent word to Seleuke to repair thither with all his ships. And after he was come, they assayed and forced to win to them the Lemnians, but apperceiving they would not thereto consent, they fouraged all their land: and after besieged the city, and entrenched it round: which done, 
Dioscorides.  Seleuke departed to Coo. Then Dioscoride (Antigone his Admiral) advertised of his departure, came to the aid of the Lemnians: and chased Aristotre, & took the greater numbered of his ships, and the Soldiers within them. But when Cassander and Propelaus (deputed chief rulers of the army which Cassander 
Cassander.  had sent into Carry) understood that Ptolemy (Antigone his Lieutenant) had divided his Soldiers in garrison to winter, 
Propelaus.  and was also occupied about the funerals of his father diseased, they sent Eupoleme with eight thousand two hundred footmen, 
Eupolome.  to watch and surprise the enemy lying about the Region of Caprine, in the Country of Carry. Whereof Ptolemy (by some which came to render to him) advertised, assembled of his garrisons near there abouts eight thousand. CC. hundred footmen, and uj hundred horse, and by night went and assailed the camp of the enemy, & them lightly (who doubted nothing less) overthrew, by reason they were at rest and a sleep, and without scoult or watch: so that they took Eupoleme prisoner, and made the men of war render and yield. Such was the adventure of Cassander his captains by him sent into Asie.   

¶ Antigone giving order about the affairs in Syrie, goeth into Phrygie, and of a notable victory which one of his captains winneth at sea on the enemy.  
The xxxij Chapter.  
WHen Antigone perceived Cassander his doings, and considered, that he affected the Empire of asia, he left his son Demetre with ten thousand Mercenary footmen .v. hundred Lycians and Pamphilians. CCC. hundred Archers and other shot three thousand horse and xiiij Elephants to guard and defend the Country: because he feared that Ptolemy would with his army come thither. And because his son Demetre was young, not above xxij years old, he left behind: for his Governors & Counsellors, 
Nearche.  four noble personages, to weet, Nearche of Crete, Python the Son of Agenor, 
Python.  (who a little before came out of Babylon) Andronicke of Olynthe, 
Andronicke.  and Philip, 
Philip.  all four ancient and not able soldiers, and had served with Alexander the great in all his wars. And himself with the remnant of the army prepared to pass the Mount Thaure: But by reason of the great abundance of snow, he was forced with no small loss of his men to retire into Cilice, until the time and season were more fair and pleasant, and the passage much easier: and then passed he with all his army. And being come to Cilene in the Region of Phrygie, 
Cilene.  he sent his army by garrisons to winter. After that, he commanded that his ships should be brought out of the country of Mede, Captain of which was one Mede a Median. 
Medius.  And as the said Mede came sailing alongst, he encountered xxxuj sail of the Pidues, and them prized, together the soldiers within them. These matters were exploited in Grece and Asie.   

¶ The Romans losing a great battle against the Samnites, people the City of Locres with their men.  
The xxxiij Chapter.  
About this season, in Italy, the Samnites who with the Romans had many years continued war to get the Empire and dominion one of an other, took by force the town of Plastic, 
Plastic.  by the Romans garrisoned, and in such sort practised with them of Sore, 
Sore.  that they slew all the Romans in the city guarding the same: and after the Soreans took part with the Samnites. And not long after, as the Romans lay before Straticole, 
Straticole.  the Samnites with all their force came thither to raise the siege, where both the armies joined & fought together. In which battle were many slain, but the Romans had still the better, took the City, and after subdued all the whole country. When the Samnites see that their only strife was for the country and cities of Povil, they prepared an host and sent out their general letters and commandments, by which all the Citizens and subjects able to bear armour, were commanded to come, and then encamped hard by the Romans, being all determined to fight for the total of their estate. The Romans likewise knowing the importance of that battle, sent great strength and supplices of men: and appointed besides Quint Fabie the most renowned Captain they then had, 
Quint Fabie.  General of their army, 
Quint Elye.  & Quint Elye Marshal, 
La● scalle.  and about Lanscalle joined battle with the enemy, in which on either side were many men slain. But in the end, the Romans were discomfited and put to flight. Which Elye seeing, because he would avoid the shame to be said he fled, tarried alone in the battle, & there valiantly and manfully fought against the enemy: not for any hope he had of victory, but to show such magnanimity to be in him, as an apparent matter of the invincible courages of the Romans, who much more loved honourably to die in fight, than to live and remain Captain of those which fled. After this discomfiture and overthrow, the Romans fearing to lose all Poville, sent one Colony of their people to Locres, the principal city of that country: from whence they transferred the wars against the Samnites. And that Colony and City served them not for that war only, but continually ever after: and at this present doth, as an explorator and receptacle to hold and keep their neighbours in subjection.   

¶ Lisimache subdueth the cities of Pont & Thaure, which rebel: and after vanquisheth the Scythes, & supplies by Antigone sent into the same country.  
The xxxiiij Chapter.  
THe year ensuing, which was the same time that Theophraste governed Athens, and Mark Publy and Caye Sulpitie were at Rome created Consuls, the Caulandians enhabiting the left parts of Pont, expulsed Lysimache his garrison there, and set themselves at liberty. The like also did the Histrianois, & the other cities near thereabouts. Whereupon they altogether joined to resist Lysimache, and made also alliance with the Tracians and Scythians near them, so that (being altogether joined) they were able to encounter & resist a mighty army. Whereof Lysimache advertised, departed with an huge army, and came through the country of Thrace, and passing the mount Emus, 
The mount Emus.  suddenly encamped before the city of Odesse, and after besieged Obseste, both which he at his first arrival surprised and put in such fear, 
The Cities of Odes● a and Obsesta.  that they rendered upon composition: and going thence, he took after the same manner the Histrianois. From thence he went to besiege the Calandians, but when he understood that the Scythes were come in the country with a mighty army to help their Allies and friends, he marched against them, and as soon as he was near them, so fierslie charged the whole camp, and put the Thracians which were with them in such fear, that they revolted and came to him: and after joined battle with the Scythes, in which he overthrew and killed a great number, the rest he chased and expulsed the country. After that, he besieged the city of the Calandians, fully determined to be revenged for their rebellion. 
Calantia.  But as he was thus purposed, news came that Antigone had sent two armies for the relief of the Calandians: to say, 
Lycon.  Lycon by the sea of Pont, and Pausanie by land: 
Pausane.  who already was encamped at a place called Sacre. With which news Lysimache very sore troubled, left so many of his army as he thought would suffice for the siege, and himself with the greater part marched on to encounter the enemy which came by land. But when he was come to the foot of the Mount Emus, & thought to pass, he was advertised that Seuthes the King of Thrace was revolted from him, 
Seuthes.  and joined with Antigone, and guarded and kept the passage with a great numbered of men. Wherefore he was enforced to give him battle, in which many of his people were lost. But in the end, after great slaughter he drove the enemy from the passage. And all suddenly he so lustily charged Pausanie his band which was fled to the straits of the mountain on the other side, that he slew the greater part, amongs whom was Pausanies and some of the prisoners he ransomed and sent away, and retained the rest, and divided them amongs his bands.   

¶ Thelesphore one of Antigone his captains restoreth the greater number of the cities of Peloponnese to liberty. And Philip a Captain of Cassander's, vanquisheth the Etholians and the King of Epire which came to their aid.  
The xxxv Chapter.  
AS Lysimache his affairs stood in this estate, Antigone apperceiving himself frustrate of his purpose, sent. L. sail manned with such numbered of men as he thought good into Peloponnese, under Thelesphore, and gave him in charge to restore the cities of the same country to liberty: thinking to get such credit thereby amongs the Grecians, that they would firmly believe, how he unfeignedly desired nothing more, than the restoring of them to their liberty and popular government. He sent also his intelligencers to learn what Cassander did. And shortly after that Thelesphore arrived in Peloponnese, he delivered all the citizens from the garrisons of Alexander, except Sycione and Corinth, which Polispercon with a great army held and kept, whom he could not expulse, considering the great strength of the places. The same season, 
Philip.  Philip whom Alexander had sent as Lieutenant General against the Etholians, after his coming into Carnanie, began to make incursions and robberies in the country of Etholie. But soon after, he was advertised that Eacide, who had been expulsed the realm of Epire, was thither returned, and had assembled a great army. Wherefore he departed thence and marched forth, meaning to encounter him before he joined with the army of the Etholians. But he found at his first coming the Epirotes all priest & ready to battle, whom he so forcibly assailed, that he them discomfited, slew many, and took a great numbered prisoners, and amongst the rest. L. of those which had been the causers of Eacide his return into Epire, 
Eacide.  which. L. he sent bound to Cassander. But they escaped with Eacide, & joined again with the Etholians, to fight a fresh, whom Philip likewise discomfited, and slew the greater part, together with King Eacide himself. Thus Philip by reason of his two great victories in so short time, put the Etholians in such terror and fear of him, that they abandoned the plain country and undefensable places, and with their wives and children got up to the straits in the mountains. And so much as touching the affairs of Grece.   

¶ Antigone apperceiving that he is by Cassander deceived, taketh certain cities in Carie, and after cometh to a parley with Cassander. And upon little or no agreement, they begin the war in Grece.  
The xxxuj Chapter.  
DUring the time that these things were exploited in Grece, Cassander (Lieutenant to Ptolemy) & other his Allies in asia, by Antigone oppressed, came to an agreement with him. Wherein these articles were concluded upon. First, that he should put away and deliver his army to Antigone. Item, that he should set the City's Grecians in asia at liberty. Item, that he should retain and hold the Satrapies he had first given him. And lastly, that he should become and remain Antigones entire and dear friend. For surety and performance of which things he gave him in hostage his brother Agathon. 
Agathon.  Notwithstanding before many days past, he repented him of that alliance, and found the means by stealth to get away his brother. And incontinent after he sent towards Ptolemy Seleuke, and Cassander, to send aid for his defence and surety. Whereof Antigone advertised, in great despite, sent both by sea and land, a mighty army to set the Grecians Cities at liberty: to say, 
Medius.  Mede his Admiral by sea, and Decime by land. And when they arrived before the city of Mylese, 
Decimus.  they denounced to the Citizens, 
Mylese.  that they were come to restore them to their ancient liberty, and to expulse the garrison in the Castle. In this mean while, Antigone took be force the city of Tralles 
Tralles.  From thence he marched by land and came before the city of Caune, 
Caune.  whether he made his ships also to come by Sea, and it besieged, & won (except the castle) he could not presently take. Howbeit, he entrenched it on that side it was siegeable, and gave many assauts. And as he lay thus before the castle, he sent in the mean time Ptolemy with one part of his army to the city of jase, 
jase.  and drove them to a composition, whom he enforced to take part with Antigone, and so the cities of the country of carry became subject to Antigone. Few days after, the Etholians and Beotians sent an Ambassade towards him, to treat an alliance, which was concluded upon. That done, he came to a communication with Cassander about Hellespont, thinking to have agreed upon some conclusion of peace: but they departed doing nothing. By reason whereof Cassander void of all hope of peace, determined again to win the Grecian cities. Wherefore he departed with xxx sail to besiege the City of Orey, and so stoutly charged it with siege and assauts, that it was in great danger of taking or rendering. But all at one instant Thelesphore came out of Peloponnese with twenty sail, and Medie out of asia with an hundred, who seeing Cassander's ships keep the Port, threw in amongs them wild fire and burnt four, and failed very little that the rest had not been so served. And as Cassander was then the weaker (behold) so sudden aid came to him from the Rhodes, where with his Soldiers took such courage, that they assailed the enemy, nothing fearing or doubting any such thing, either yet accounting of their force, until they had sunk one of their ships, and took other three and the men within them. These matters were done in Grece and Pont.   

¶ The Romans win a victory on the Samnites. And the rebellious Champanois by an agreement put themselves to their obeisance.  
The xxxvij Chapter.  
IN Italy the Samnites pursued their victory, winning & destroying the towns and cities, which had taken part with the Romans in Poville. Again, the Roman Consuls marched on with their army to the aid of their friends and allies: and perceiving that the Samnites lay before the city of Cynue, they came and encamped hard at their noses, and forced them to raise the siege. But few days after they joined battle, wherein many on both sides were slain: but in the end the Romans wan the victory, and in fight so lustily pursued the enemy, that they slew above ten thousand. During which time, and before the victory known abroad, the Champanois contrary to their alliance with the Romans, came towards the aid of the Samnites: which thing the Romans understanding, fully authorized Caie manly, 
C. manly.  and suddenly sent him against them, and according to their custom joined with him Manly Fuluie. 
M. Fuluye.  And as they were encamped about Capue, the Champanoys put themselves in arms to give battle: but so soon as they understood of the overthrow of the Samnites, and fearing that the Romans had sent against them all their puissance, they made an appointment, by which were rendered the authors of the revolt. Who by reason of judgement prolonged, and sentence not pronounced, they in the mean time slew themselves. And the cities of Champanois being pardoned, continued with the Romans their pristinate alliance and amity.   

¶ Ptolemy and Antigone to despite one the other, restore diverse cities of Grece to liberty. And the same Antigone faileth of his entry into Macedon. After are entreated the matters by Ptolemy done in Cypress and Cilice in the hire Syrie.  
The xxxviij Chapter.  
THe year following that Ptolemy governed Athens, and that at Rome Lucy Papirie the .v. time, and Caye junie were created Consuls. And the. Cxvij. year of the olympiad, when Parmenon of Mythilene won the prize at the running: Antigone sent his Captain Ptolemy into Grece to restore the Greeks to liberty, giving him. Cl. Galleys under Mede the Admiral .v. thousand footmen, and .v. hundred horse. And beside allied with the Rhodians to fight for the liberty of Grece, who sent him twenty sail armed and furnished. Ptolemy likewise with his power at Sea arrived at a port of the Beotians (called the deep port) and there mustered and took up two thousand two hundred Beotian footmen, and three hundred horse. He called back also his Navy from Orey ● and after he had with a wall entrenched Salmone, 
Salmone.  he brought thither his whole power. For he verily trusted to take the Calcedonians, being only defended from the enemy but by a garrison of Eubeans. But Cassander mindful of Calcide, and fearing the lost thereof raised his siege from before Crea, and came to the laid Calcide, and commanded his army to march thither. When Antigone understood that the two armies were assembled there together, watching one another, and every of them attending the opportunity and advauntge, he commanded Mede with all speed to return into Asie. And at his coming back, he again enbarqued his army and hastily sailed into Hellespont, thinking through Cas● ander his absence, to find the country of Macedon unprovided of men, and so win the same before he could return from Calcide, or if he came back for the defence of the realm of Macedon, he should lose that he held in Grece. When Cassander understood thereof, he left for the defence of Calcide his Lieutenant Plistarche, 
Plistarche.  with a numbered of his men, and himself with the remnant went to the city of Orope in B● oat, and by force took it, and trucing with the other Cities of the Country of Beoce, left for his Lieutenant in Grece Eupoleme, 
Eupoleme.  and returned into Macedon, chiefly to stop the enemy for passing into Europe. When Antigone was come to the passage of Propontide, he sent his Ambassadors towards the Bizancians, requiring their aid in those wars: who there found for the same matter the Ambassadors of Lysimache, requiring that they would not go against him nor Cassander. By reason whereof the Bizancians fully determined to take neither part. When Antigone see he failed of his purpose, and that the winter drew near, he divided his Soldiers into garrisons, and sent them abroad into the Country to winter. In this mean time the Corcirians with the aid of the Apollonians and Epidaurans, expulsed Cassander's garrisons their cities, and set at liberty the city of Apollonie, and restored Epydaure to the King of Illirie. Ptolemy also (one of Antigone his Captains) after Cassander was departed into Macedon, took the city of Calcide, and after he had expulsed the garrison of the enemy, he restored them to their pristinate estate: to the end all men might think the Antigone sans fail would restore the cities of Grece to liberty. For if he had meant to keep & retain the same city, it had been a meet defence for such as would continue any wars to have recourse unto. Ptolemy likewise took the City of Orope, and restored it to the Beotians, and had Cassander Soldiers in his power. After he made alliance with the Eretrians and Caristians, and removed his camp to the city of Athenes, (Demetre Phalerey being then governor thereof). But the Citizen's understanding of his coming, first secretly sent Ambassadors towards Antigone, praying his aid for the defence of their city. When Ptolemy was approached the City, they constrained Demetre to make a truce, and after to send to Antigone to treat an alliance. After the truce made & taken, he departed and came into Beote and there took the city of Cadmea, 
Cadmea.  thrust out the garrison of the enemy, and delivered the Thebans. From thence went he into the country of Phocide, and there expulsed Cassander's garrisons the cities, and after besieged the city of Locres, Cassander's confederate. The same season the Cyrenians rebelled against Ptolemy, and besieged the castle which his Soldiers kept, thinking out of hand to have taken it. It chanced the same time certain Ambassadors to come out of Alexandrie in the name of the city, to pray and exhort them to surcease and give over their enterprise and rebellion: which Ambassadors they killed, & then made greater preparation to take the castle. Wherewith Ptolemy sore moved and aggrieved, sent by land Agis a Captain, with a mighty army, and by sea Epinete for his greater succour. 
Epinete.  Which Agis forcibly took the city, 
Agis.  and sent the principal authors of the rebellion into Alexandrie, and from the rest took their armour and weapon, and taking order about the affairs of the city, returned into Egypt. When Ptolemy had thus reduced the City of Cirene to his mind, he departed from Egypt, and went into Cypress, to subdue the kings which would not obey him. Amongs which he slew Pygmalion, because he had sent an Ambassade towards Antigone to take Praxippes' King of Lapithe, 
Pygmalion.  and the tyrant and Prince of Cyrene, 
Praxippe.  for that he mistrusted them, with Stasice Malie his son. Which City he destroyed, and transferred the inhabitants thereof into the city of Paphe. These things performed, he left Nicocreon his Lieutenant in the Isle of Cyprus, 
Nicocreon.  and gave to him the cities and revenue of the Kings, whom he had deposed, and after sailed into the hire Syrie, and there took the cities of Neptunie and Carie. From thence with all speed, he departed into Cilice, where likewise he took and foraged the city of Male, and sold the Citizens he took prisoners: he wasted and spoiled also the next region. And after he had enriched and furnished the whole army with spoil, returned into Cypress, for he so loved his Soldiers, that he thought all he could do for them was to little, to the end they should the willinglier serve him in all such high and great affairs as he had to do.  
Amongs these entrefacts, so soon as Demetre Antigone his son lying in Celosirie, and nothing minding the wars exploited in Egypt, understood the great spoil and damage which Ptolemy had done in Cilice, and the higher Sirie, he left the charge of his armed men, his Elephants and baggage to Python, and himself with the horse and shot, departed with all speed to the aid of his friends in Cilice. But when he came thither, he found the enemy quite dispatched and gone. Wherefore by reason of his great haste he returned with the loss of many horse, for he had rid from Maley thither in two days, which was xxiiij reasonable days journeys for men of war to travail, in so much that neither Muleteer nor horse slave might follow him.   

¶ Ptolemy and Seleuke come into Syrie against Demetre, and in battle vanquish him. And after Ptolemy conquereth the country of Phenice.  
The xxxix Chapter.  
WHen Ptolemy had according to his hearts desire won in short time so many victories, and performed such notable exploictes, he sailed into Egypt. Howbeit, not long after at the instigation of Seleuke, and the rather because he maliced Antigone, he determined a fresh to invade Celosyrie, and fight with Demetre. Wherefore he assembled his army and loosed from Alexander to Peluse with xviij thousand footmen, and four thousand horse, the one half Macedonians, the other Mercenaries. He had beside of the Country of Egypt, a great numbered of men, as victuallers and such like, and some armed men meet for the wars. From Peluse daily traveled he through the deserts until he came about the old city of Gaze in Syrie, 
The City of Gaze.  & there encamped near the enemy.  
When Demetre understood of his coming, he likewise assembled and mustered his garrisons and brought them into the said old Gaze, attending the violence of the enemy. And although his Governors and friends counseled him not to hazard battle against so valiant a chieftain & mighty an army, yet would not he by their counsels be stayed, but made him ready to fight, hoping (notwithstanding his young years and absence of his father) to win honour and victory. And after he had assembled his army and by his oration very stoutly exhorted them to war, persevering and still abiding in the assemble pensive and in great trouble of mind, the multitude with one voice shouted and cried unto him to hope well and fear nothing. And such was their honour & reverence towards him, that before he could command them to silence, they held their peace, upon this only occasion, for that he neither in facts martial or civil had offended them, in so much as he was but newly made chieftayne, & the first time that the charge of an army had been committed unto him: but it commonly chanceth otherwise to them which long have had such rule and leading, 
The variable nature and conditions of soldiers.  because they sundry ways and by diverse means grieve their men of war and Soldiers. And therefore when they once get occasion to trip and take their Captains in any one fault, they forthwith seek revenge of the rest of the injuries against them committed: for the multitude love not long to persever and continue in one estate, but always desire and are glad of change, so it exceed not. The men of war besides seeing his father well stricken in years, and the likelihood of the succession of the Realm lyneallie to descend and come to him, the rather wholly addicted them to his service.  
He was a man of wonderful beauty and fair complexion, of body tall, mighty and strong therewith, and when he was like a king richly appareled and armed, there appeared in him a goodly majesty & reputation, in whom the multitude greatly hoped: his modesty, courtesy, bounty and liberality also alured the people to love, honour and obey him, as to a new and noble King appertained, so that both the ordinary and extraordinary Soldiers would run to hear his proposition and sentence, & were very careful of his youth and victory: because he minded so valiantly to adventure his person against such a numbered of enemies, and especially against two such Chieftains (to say Ptolemy and Seleuke) both in policies martial renowned and greatly experimented, and had had often conduct & charge aswell in the company of Alexander as else where, being never vanquished nor overcome.  
When Demetre had with an hearty oration exhorted his men of war, promising them gifts and butinie according to their demerits, he arraunged them in order of battle.  
And first in the left battle (where he himself meant to fight) he placed two hundred of the choicest horse within the camp, which always attended about him: amongs whom were his chief and principal servitors and friends, and the same Python also who had served amongs Alexander his men at arms, and therefore had Antigone given him the principal charge and conduct of the army with Demetre. In the front of that he placed three bands of horse like unto a bulwark, and on each side as many: and without from the battle to the wings he placed three other bands of Tarentines, so that about and near his person he had .v. hundred lances and an hundred Tarentines. After them he placed about eight hundred horse called the Companions or Adventurers. And next to them about a thousand horse of diverse Nations: and before the whole front of that battle he placed xxx Elephants, and the spaces betwixt them he furnished with xj hundred shot: with this left battle thus ordered as aforesaid, he determined to begin the fight, the Phalange or main battle of footmen being to the numbered of xj thousand or thereabouts, whereof a thousand were Macedonians, and as many Lycians & Pamphilians, the rest all Mercenary soldiers.  
In the right side adjoining to the Phalange he placed the rest of the horse to the numbered of a thousand and .v. hundred under the leading of Andronike, whom he commanded that when he should come to fight, to slip by and not to come on that front, but to stay and delay the battle, attending and diligently marking what the other point would do. He placed moreover the xiij Elephants which remained, before the Phalange or main battle, and between them an other company of light armed footmen. In this order arranged Demetre his battles. But before Ptolemy & Seleuke knew Demetre his order, they had strongly appointed and well furnished their left corner. But after they were by their espials advertised of the order of the enemy, they altered and changed theirs, and ordered their battles as followeth.  
First they placed in their right corner all their principal force to encounter the battle wherein Demetre was. On the other side in the left corner were three thousand horse, and the two chieftains. Before them went a great numbered of men which carried great store of iron poles, tied to iron chains, prepared like an hay against the violence of the enemies Elephants, which was an excellent devise easily to stay & repulse the Elephants. And by them they placed a great numbered of shot to hurt and gall the said beasts and their Governors. The rest of their men they arraunged as to them best seemed, in the midst of the right point and at the wings, and in this order with great shouts and cries began to march one against an other. And first the horsemen which were in the uttermost places of the points began to charge, so that on each side was a stout fight. Howbeit from the beginning the Demetrians did valiantest and had the better: but shortly after they which were in the opposite began so lustily to charge and enuironne the old battle wherein Demetre was, that the fight on each side (by reason of the readiness and valiantness of the Soldiers) waxed hot and terrible, in so much that at the first encountry they broke well near all their lances, in which were many hurt and overthrown. Then drew they their sword & fought so cruelly, that the slaughter was far greater than before: because the Chieftains themselves pressed forth so valiantly, & adventured so many perilous and dangerous attempts, that by mean & through their exhortations they encouraged the Soldiers violently to fight. And all the horsemen who for their virtue and prows were all choice men, manfully & stoutly fought together in the view and sight of their Chieftains, because they might bear witness of their noble hearts and invincible courages. But after the horsemen had fought long, and that no man could judge which part had the better, the Indians Demetre his Elephanters with great violence marched against the enemy, who somewhat at the first feared, because they thought them nothing able to resist their power. But so soon as they came against the iron rampire, they stayed, and the shot which flanked the rampire, shot so thick, that the greater part of the beasts were sore wounded and their riders, who feeling their grievous wounds, urged the beasts with great strokes, so that some of them fell on the rampire, and being sore hurt with the pricking of the poles and shot, ran quite out of order. And here is to be noted, that those kind of beasts so long as the way is plain & short, are marvelous strong, either to charge or encounter. But when they shall charge in hard places they can do nothing, by reason of the softness of their feet. Which thing they with Ptolemy right well knew, and therefore prepared this manner of stop. At last, after the greater part of the Indians Elephanters were either slain or sore hurt, the Elepantes were by the enemy all taken. Which thing Demetre his horsemen were so a frayed of, that the greater number of them ● led. And although Demetre by entreaty and persuasions did what in him lay to keep still the small number which tarried about him, yet was there no remedy but that they would needs fly to Gaze: and when he see he could not stay them, yet enforced not he himself to flee with them: but so handled the matter, that a great numbered of his horsemen joined together, and in such order retired, that the enemy which pursued in heaps and disordered were never able to hurt them: by reason the way was so champion and large, that they easily retiered in a great troop togethers. Some footmen likewise disorderly followed, and because they would run the lighter, they cast of their harne● s. In this sort they came near Gaze, almost at the sun set. But after they were about the city, certain of his horsemen forsook him and entered the Town, to carry out their baggage: by reason whereof the throng & press was so great of mares and other bestial at the gates, for that every man thrust to be foremost, that Ptolemy his Soldiers which chased them thither, because they could not shut the gates, entered the town, and so seized on it to Ptolemy his use. When Demetre had thus lost the battle, he fled all that night without stay until he came to the City of Azote, 
Azote.  distant from them two hundred lxx furlongs. The next day in the morning he sent his Ambassadors towards the enemy, of whom he prayed leave to bury the dead, meaning in that case to do them all the honour he could. There were in that conflict slain the greater part of his friends. Amongs whom Python was principal, who with him had equal charge of the army, and Berte which was with him brought up of a child, and knew all his mind and secrets. In that battle also were slain of noble personages above .v. hundred, the more part horsemen, and above eight thousand prisoners taken. When Ptolemy and Seleuke had given leave to bury the dead, they sent back to Demetre all his movable goods and treasure which they had taken, and so many prisoners as were his household meinie without ransom, saying, that the wars which they arreared against Antigone, was not for his goods and treasure, but because when they were in consort and warred together, first against Perdiccas & after against Eumenes, he would not make equal distribution with his friends and companions of the realms and dominions achieved in those wars: and also for that against the tenor of his alliance, contrary to all equity and conscience, he had expulsed Seleuke Babylon. The rest of the prisoners Ptolemy sent into Egypt for galley slaves.  
When Ptolemy had magnificiallie and honourably buried all the dead on his part, he with his army invaded the cities of Phenice, some of which he besieged, and upon composition reconciled others. When Demetre see his power and army decrease and insufficient, he sent letters towards his father, praying his aid and speedy help. And in the mean time while he tarried for answer, he went to the city of Tripoli in Phenice: 
Tripoli.  and from thence sent into Cilice for Soldiers, and to all the Captains farther of, which either in city or castle had any garrison. When Ptolemy had won this victory, and that there was no army to resist him, he subdued the city of Sidonne, and from thence departed and encamped before the city of tire, and practised with Andronicke Antigone his Lieutenant, to render it unto him, promising great gifts and high promotions: who not only answered that he would by no mean falsify his faith to Antigone and Demetre, but also used chorlish language to Ptolemy. Notwithstanding he was shortly after through the mutiny and sedition of the Soldiers expulsed, and the town rendered to Ptolemy: so that Andronicke than became his prisoner, who both for his vile and naughty language, also because he would not yield the town, looked to be evil entreated. Nevertheless Ptolemy forgot the injury, and gave him great gifts, and retained him as one of his chief friends, and after preferred him to an honourable charge. He was a Prince full of marvelous equity and justice, courteous, pitiful, full of lenity, and therewith liberal, which greatly profited him, and was the chief cause that great and honourable personages desired his amity and friendship. And amongs other, he right gently retained Seleuke, who praying his aid for the recovering of Babylon, willingly granted his request, and farther promised to lend him what thing soever was his, until such time as he had recovered his satrapy which he first enjoyed. In this estate were the matters of asia.   

¶ Thelesphore revolteth from Antigone: and Alcete by the Epirots chosen King, making alliance with Cassander, after many battles is by his subjects slain. And Cassander loseth a battle before the City of Apollonie in the Country of A-dry.  
The xl Chapter.  
AS the matters of asia stood in the estate aforesaid: Thelesphore Antigone his Admiral lying about Corinth, apperceiving that Ptolemy (Antigones Lieutenant) was better perferred and advanced than he, and all the estate and affairs of Grece committed to his charge, complained thereof to Antigone, and after sold all his ships, and bestowed the money amongs the men of war which would follow and go with him. And going to the city of Elyn, 
Elyn.  was there received as Antigone his friend. But when he had once furnished the Castle, he brought the city in servitude. He rob also the temple in Olympe, and took away above. L. Talents, wherewith he waged a great number of hired soldiers strangers. In this sort Thelesphore (for the envy and malice of Ptolemy his preferment and authority) revolted from Antigone. Which things Ptolemy (Antigone his Lieutenant in Grece) understanding, with his army entered Peloponnese, and marched to the City of Elyn, took the Castle and razed it, restored the City to liberty, and rendered to the God the silver violently taken away from him. After, upon treaty and composition he compassed Thelesphore to tender the city of Cylene which he enjoyed and kept, 
Cylene.  and it restored to the Citizens of Elyn.  
Amongs these exploits, the Epyrotes after the death of Eacide (their King) bestowed the Realm on Alcete, whom Aryville his father, 
Ariville.  and enemy to Cassander, had banished. 
Lyciske.  Wherefore Lyciske (Cassander his deputy of Acarnanie) marched with his army into Epire, thinking easily to deprive and put down Alcete from his princely seat and realm, before he were throughlie confirmed and established in the same. And as he encamped before the city of Casopey, 
Casopey.  Alcete sent his two sons, Alexander and Theucer, 
Alexander.  commanding them to assemble so many Soldiers as they could. 
Theucer.  And himself with the Soldiers he had, drew near the enemy, attending the coming of his sons. Whereupon Lyciske seeing the Epyrotes approach (although the greater number) so lustily charged them, that they recoiled, and finally fled: but Alcete escaped unto the city of Eurymen, 
Eurimen.  whom Lyciske there besieged. And as he lay before the Town, Alexander Alcete his son came with all his power to the aid of his father and fought with Lyciske. In which conflict he had the better and slew a great number of Lyciske his Soldiers, and two valiant Captains, to say Mychite and Lysander of Athens, to whom Cassander had left the government of Leucade. After that conflict and overthrow, Dyme came in Lyciske his aid, 
Dyme.  and in few days after gave battle to Alcete his Sons, and vanquished them: whereupon the young men and their father retired into a strong place and forsook the City of Eurimene, which city Lyciske shortly after took, sacked and razed. When Cassander was advertised of the discomfiture of his people, before he had heard of the victory before by them achieved, he levied a great numbered of men, and hasted into Epire to the aid of Lyciske. But after he understood that his Soldiers had had the better, he concluded a peace and contracted amity with Alcete. From thence departed he with a great number of men into the quarters of A-dry to besiege the Apollonians: because they had expulsed his garrisons and joined with the Illirians. Howbeit, the Citizens nothing afeard of his coming, having a great army with the aid of their Allies, marched out of the Town to fight against the enemy. And after a long and cruel battle, the Apollonians being the greater number, at last discomfited Cassander. Whereupon he with great loss and slaughter of his men (than to weak, and seeing winter approach) returned into Macedon. After whose departure the Leucadians with the help of the Corcyrians expulsed Cassander's garrisons there left. The Epyrotes also a while persevered under the subjection of Alcete their King. But after he began to wax over rigorous and cruel against them, they slew him, and Esione and Nise two of his youngest sons.   

¶ Seleuke through his wisdom and prows, with a small numbered of men which Ptolemy had given him, conquereth the country of Babylon, together Susiane, and the rest, near adjoining, which hold with Antigone.  
The xlj Chapter.  
BUt to return to the doings in asia. After Ptolemy and Seleuke won upon Demetre the victory about the city of Gaze in the country of Sirie, Seleuke with viii. hundred footmen and about two hundred horse, (which Ptolemy delivered him) traveled into Babylon. For so great was his hope, that although he had no men of war, yet doubted he not, but with his servants & familiar friends only to go thither, because he surely trusted that the Babylonians for his gentle entreaty towards them heretofore showed, so heartily loved him that they would with right good will receive him: and especially for that Antigon● was far off that country. And as he in this hope and confidence went, his friends which see his small number, and the great force & power of the enemy, both of men, money, friendship, victuals, and all other things necessary, were not a little astonished. When Seleuke see them in this terror and fear, he with these persuasions comforted them. Had it been requisite (quoth he) think you, that they which served Alexander the king in his wars (to whom for their prows he had preferred and given charge to enterprise and take on hand matters of great weight) should have trusted in the force & strength of men and money, more than in their own prudence, experience and industry? No: for through that chiefly achieved Alexander so many honourable and notable victories, which at this day are in admiration of all the world. It is also meet and convenient to give faith and credit to the oracles and mouths of the gods, who have presaged, that the beginning and sequel of this voyage shall have good and prosperous success. For as I went to the oracle of Branchide to know my fortune, the God saluted and gréeted me as a King: moreover I had a vision in my sleep which seemed that Alexander was with me in my journey for mine aid and succour, letting me clearly understand, that in time I should attain to great Empire and dominion. Again, no great and weighty matter can be brought to pass without some labour and travail, besides great hazard and danger. And after all these persuasions, he used himself as a companion amongs the Soldiers, which increased such love and reverence in their hearts towards him, that they were emboldened to do him double service. In this sort came he with his small company into the country of M● sopotamie, and there what with fair and fowl means, he drew to him many of the Macedonians enhabiting Caris, and with them marched into the country of Babylon. And after he was entered, all the whole Country met him and offered their entire service and obedience: because that during the space of three or four years while he governed that Province, he showed himself a just man and good Officer: by mean whereof, he wonderfully got the love of all the people. He likewise grew in the amity of diverse and sundry persons, which would do him service at a pinch: 
Poliarche.  and Poliarche besides Antigone his Lieutenant of a certain country, revolted and joined with him, with above a thousand men of war. When they in League with Antigone see the unbridled affection of the multitude, they retired into a strong castle (where of the Captain was one Deiphile) which Seleuke shortly after besieged and wan, 
Deiphile.  and therein found many of his friends and familiars, whom Antigone after his departure out of Babylon had committed to ward. That done, Seleuke got together so many men as he could, and bought a numbered of horses which he bestowed on such as came in his aid. He likewise showed himself to all men so courteous and gentle, that they determined to endure all adventures and dangers in his service whatsoever. But after he was advertised that Nycanor governor of Mede had assembled of the same country and pierce and of other countries thereabouts, an army of ten thousand footmen, and vij thousand horse, he with great diligence departed with those Soldiers he had, to the numbered of three thousand footmen and .v. hundred horse to meet him. And when he had passed the river Tiger, and was advertised that the enemy was not above two or three days journeys of, he retired & hid his men in certain marshes thereabouts, amongs the reeds and bulrushes, to the intent by ambush to surprise Nycanor, who being come to the bank of the said river, and hearing no news of the enemy, lodged in a Manor royal hard by: thinking the enemy understood of his coming, & had gone into some place farther of. And for that self same cause was he not very careful to set his watch, neither yet put himself in any readiness whatsoever might chance. By reason whereof Seleuke that night with great noise and affraie assaulted his lodging. Nevertheless the enemy in that disorder stood to the defence aswell as they could: and as it happened, the Persians first encountered and fought, whereupon their Satrapa Euager and diverse other of their captains were slain. 
Euager.  Wherefore the more part of the rest of the Soldiers, what for fear of danger, and for that they liked not Antigone his dealing, rendered to Seleuke. Which thing Nycanor seeing and fearing to be by the Soldiers betrayed and delivered prisoner to Seleuke, fled through the deserts with a few of his friends. When Seleuke had strenghtned himself with these men at arms, and using his accustomed courtesy and humanity towards all men, he easily wan again to his obeisance the countries of Susiane and Mede, and diverse other regions near about. Of which doings Ptolemy and his other friends were advertised, having already such increase of power and authority as might beseem a right mighty King with glory & fame worthy a great Empire.   

¶ Demetre in battle vanquisheth Cylles Ptolemy his Lieutenant, and after Antigone his Father cometh and joineth with him, and then Ptolemy forsaketh the countries of Syrie and Phenice, and leaveth them to the said Antigone.  
The xlij Chapter.  
DUring the time that Seleuke was occupied as is aforesaid, Ptolemy who had in battle vanquished Demetre in Celosirie (as above) and there still remained, understanding that Demetre was again come into the hire Syrie, and there encamped, sent one of his captains named Cylles a Macedonian, 
Cylles.  with such numbered of men as he thought good, either to expulse him the country of Syrie, or else to keep him so occupied, that he should do no kind of exploit. But as he was upon the way, Demetre being by his scoulte advertised of his coming, and their disorder: because he neither feared or esteemed the enemy, in the night departed from his camp (lying near Myunte) with his horse and light armed footmen, 
Myunte.  leaving in his camp the rest with the baggage: and so hasted, that about the day break he assailed Cilles camp, which he found so disordered, that they without resistance yielded, together Cylles himself. Whereupon when Demetre had thus suddenly done so great an exploit, he thought he had well revenged the shame and damage by him (at the battle before lost) received. Notwithstanding, doubting that if Ptolemy heard of those news, he would with his power come against him, he pitched his camp in a very strong place, having at his back a great Marris, and then so much as in him lay, sent to advertise his father of that he had done, praying him with all diligence to send a strong supply, or else with all his power to come himself and enter Syrie, to recover it. Of these news Antigone (then lying in Cylene in the country of Phrigie) was right glad that his son, 
Cylene.  a young man, had won so great and honourable a victory, whereby he deserved to be a King. And incontinent he with his whole army departed Phrigie: and after he had passed the mount Thaure, he made such speed, that within few days he was come to his son. When Ptolemy understood of his coming, he advised with his counsel what should be best to do, whether to attend the enemy in Syrie and there to fight, or to return into Egypt, and from thence make war as he had before done against Perdiccas. Whereupon they all agreed that he should not hazard his case against the force of the enemy joined together: and chiefly, because they had a great numbered of Elephants, and Antigone himself also in person, who never yet was vanquished. Wherefore it seemed to them that the best & surest way was, that Ptolemy should return into Egypt, where were victuals great store: and might there keep himself in strong and advauntageous places. In following which counsel he delibered to go into Egypt: but before his departure he beat down and razed certain fair and beautiful cities: to wit Hace in Phenice, 
Hace.  Yoppe in Samarie, 
Yoppe.  and Gaze in Sirie. 
Gaze.  That done he with his army and all the movable goods which might be carried, went into Egypt. By this mean Antigone without difficulty or resistance recovered all the countries of Sirie & Phenice.   

¶ Antigone enterpriseth wars against the Nabathians inhabiting the deserts of Arabia: and Athaney his Captain is by them discomfited. Also after Demetre his coming thither, he concludeth a league and amity with them.  
The xliij Chapter.  
AFter Antigone had thus recovered and won the countries of Syrie and Phenice: he indicted wars to the Arabians called Nabathians, whom he thought his enemies. Wherefore he chose out one of his Captains named Atheney, and delivered to him three thousand shot, and uj hundred of his lightest horse, commanding them to enter the said country, and to make so many incursions as they might. But because the manner of life and order of the said Arabians is far different and disagreeing from all other, I think it meet and expedient here to make some mention and declaration thereof. First they dwell wildlie abroad without either towns or houses: wherefore they say their land is unhabitable, because there are neither rivers or fountains wherewith to maintain an army. 
The Arabians manner of life in the deserts.  They have also a law which prohibiteth them on pain of death not to sow any corn, neither to set or graf trees bearing fruit, nor to drink wine or build houses. This they hold & maintain, because they think that those which have houses, and maneured lands and fruitful, are always subject to conquerors. But there are amongs them many whereof some have great flocks of sheep & other great herds of Camels going abroad in the deserts, never tarrying long in one place. And although there are diverse kinds of Arabians which inhabit the deserts, yet are the Nabathians the richest and wealthiest, and are about the numbered of ten thousand: whereof some are accustomed to trade by Sea with incense, myrrh and other drugs aromatic, growing in the fertile Country of Arabia. They are also marvelously determined to keep and maintain their liberty. And when any enemy invadeth, they draw to the desert and places solitary which serve in stead of castles and forts, where no stranger can live. Notwithstanding they have certain receptacles within the Caves which they dig in the same earth being of plaster and soft stones, whereby they may the better dig the Caves, the entry of which are little, but within large and deep, so that they are more than an Arpent square: and in those they set earthen vessels filled with great store of rain water, and then they in such sort cover the entry of the Cave above, that they which pass by can not perceive it, but themselves know it again by a sign which they leave behind, and every third day they water their cattle with that water, to the end, if they were put to flight, they should not want drink: and their chief food is flesh, milk, and other things which the land bringeth forth, very good and wholesome to eat. In this land also groweth Pepper and wild honey, which they drink with water. There are beside beyond these, other Arabians, dwelling in the maneured land, and are tributaries as the Syrians, and live in such order as they do, save that they dwell in no houses. And this is the manner and life of the Arabians. Now is there a place in the same Country very strong, without walls or any such like defence (distant from the land habitable two days journey) where at one time of the year which was even very then, they repair and come from all quarters of the country to buy and sell. And as the merchants were there assembled and had left at home their goods, wives, children, and old men and women in a certain strong rock, Atheney (who had well espied out his time) with his deliverest and lightest Soldiers, departed the country of Ydumey, and in two days & three nights had traveled three thousand & two hundred furlongs, and were gotten to the said rock and assaulted them within, whereof some they slew, ● ooke some prisoners, and left the rest hurt: from whence they carried great store of incense and myrrh, besides .v. hundred talents of silver. Which done, Atheney fearing that the Arabians which were assembled at the place abovesaid, when they heard thereof, would pursue them, he after three or iiij. days with speed returned & without stay journeyed above two hundred furlongs. Wherefore being through their great speed sore traveled, and thinking that the Arabians could not in two or three days overget them, without making any great watch, pitched their camp. But the Arabians in that assemble advertised by such as see it, of the damage the Greeks had done them, broke up their assemble, and with all diligence came to the place where the discomfiture was, and there being better informed of the truth of their loss, and told of the way which the Greeks went, in such haste pursued them, that they had the same night overtaken them, and encamped hard by. And having intelligence of some of their people which were escaped, by mean of the negligence of the watch, all wearied and a sleep, about three hours before day assailed them, and slew all the footmen a sleep in their beds, to the number of eight thousand, and there escaped not above. L. of their horse, the greater part of which were also sore hurt. In this sort the Soldiers under the charge of Atheney, after good exploit of their matters in the beginning, were in the end through folly and negligence overthrown. As commonly happeneth, that with felicity and good Fortune followeth negligence and contempt of the enemy, by reason whereof many sage and wise men have said (and not without good ground) that it is more easy patiently to sustain and abide infelicity and adversity, than in prosperity, sagely and wisely to govern. For the infelicity and misery once passed, causeth them which have tasted thereof (for fear to run headlong into the same again) to be in their affairs very circumspect and diligent: where contrariwise prosperity and felicity maketh men negligent and ●● release, and in all things causeth great contempt and rechelousnesse. When the Nabathians had revenged the outrage and damage done to them in such sort as aforesaid, they writ their letters in Greek to Antigone, wherein they complained them of Atheney his assailing, and excused the deed by them committed. To whose letters Antigone answered, that whatsoever Atheney had done against them, was without his consent and knowledge, & that he was well pleased with the revenge thereof. All this said he to assure and deceive them: to the end they should have no regard or care of him, whereby he might suddenly surprise them. For it was a hard matter without some cautel and wile to surprise such a people always living like shepherds, and having for their retreat places inaccessible and impregnable. And although the said Arabians were right joyous to be by that mean delivered of so great terror and fear where they were, yet gave they no such credit to the letters of Antigone, but that they placed their espials and watches upon the mountains and places eminent, where they might see all the entries of that country: and beside disposed and ordered their business, to their best advantage according to the necessity of the same, attending that which might happen. When Antigone thought he had by his letters sufficiently abused, deceived and assured them, he chose out four thousand of his lightest men, and as many horse, and commanded them to make provision of victuals to carry for certain days, and be obedient to follow his son Demetre to whatsoever he commanded. Willing him by all means possible he could, to chase and expulse the said Arabians. Which commandment he obeyed & followed, and so took his journey & traveled through the deserts the space of three days (thinking the Arabians had thereof known nothing) but they forthwith by their espials and watches were advertised by signs and tokens which they made on the high mountains with fires and other ways as they had amongs them devised. Wherefore they carried into their strong rocks, all their baggage, wives, children and old people, and left with them a number of their lusty young fellows to defend the same, very easy to guard and keep, because it was of a mighty height, and but one entry and way to come in at. The rest divided them into bands, & drove their bestial thorough divers places amidst the wilderness.  
When Demetre was come to the rock, and all their cat-tail driven away, he gave many assaults to take it, but the Arabians right valiantly defended it, & by reason of the advantage of the place, easily repulsed the Greeks, so that the assault through many attempts continued all day. But about the sun going down, Demetre caused to sound the retreat. The next day in the morning, as they thought to give a fresh assault, one of Arabians standing in the top of the rock, cried out with a loud voice, addressing to Demetre these words ensuing: Sir King Demetre, what wickedness hath moved thee to war upon us poor wretched men that inhabit the deserts, where is neither corn, water, wine, nor any other thing necessary and meet for thy use. For we to defend our liberty have chosen this place improvided of all things meet and necessary for the life and maintenance of any other nation, but live here like savage and wild beasts, doing neither hurt or displeasure to any. Wherefore we pray & earnestly desire thee and thy father to take such gifts as we are able to yield you, and withdraw and call back your army, and hereafter to hold and retain the Nabathians for your friends. For if thou tarry and continue here any while, thou shalt want water, and other things necessary for the nourishing and relieving of thy people. And admit thou conquer us, thou canst never force us to alter and change our manner of life, so that those which thou shalt keep prisoners, can not nor will not endure or abide in servitude and bondage. Through these words Demetre his heart waxed so cold, that he drew back his men, and caused it to be declared to the Arabians, that they should send to him their Ambassadors to treat a league and amity: whereupon they sent the most ancient amongs them, who in like manner persuaded as the first man did. Whereby was accorded, that they should give him a certain numbered of hostages with many other rich and precious gifts, and that then he would return with his army. Which conclusion performed, he forthwith departed. And after he had traveled about three hundred furlongs, he arrived at the Lake called Asphalte. 
The Lake Asphalte.  The nature of which because it is marvelous and singular, I think it meet to entrelace in this present history.   

¶ Of the Lake Asphalte, and the marvelous nature thereof: also the discomfiture of Antigone his people there, by the Arabians.  
The xliiij Chapter.  
THis Lake surnamed Asphalte, is as it were in the midst of the satrapy of Arabia, about .v. hundred furlongs long and lx brood: the water thereof is marvelous foul and stinking, so that no fish can live therein, nor any other thing accustomed to live in the water. And albeit there entereth and runneth into it many great rivers of fresh and sweet waters, nevertheless they are through the great and marvelous stench of the water of the Lake incontinent infected, which of itself yearly casteth a great quantity of plastry all hole as big and great oftentimes as three Arpentes: and many times not passing as great as one Arpent. And when there is great store and abundance, the inhabitants call it the Bull, and when less, the Bulchin. This amass and heap of plaistry in such sort riseth and swimmeth above the water, that they which see it far of, think it to be some Island. And when it beginneth to arise as we have before said, they may perceive it xx. days before: because there issueth out of the Lake such a vapour smelling like plaistre, many furlongs round about: and of such efficacy and strength, that all the gold, silver, and all other metal within the limits and compass thereof, lose their colour. But after the plaistre is once risen above the water, it getteth it again. Which vapour scaldeth all the Regions thereabouts, and drieth them as if they were half burnt, and maketh the people very pale and wan & also sickly, so that they are not long lived. Notwithstanding the land round about is fruitful for Date trees, whereas is any river or fountain to moist them. And in a place lying in a valley near thereto, groweth the sweet and odoriferous Balm which is of great price: because there is none in the whole world but there, 
The sweet Balm.  which the Physicians use in their receipts as an excellent and singular thing. And as touching the plaistre rising out of the Lake, the people of the Country run thither to spoil and gather it as it were the butine of the enemy. The boats which they row in are made of great reeds, and in every boat but three men, whereof two row, the third hath bow and arrows to defend them against those which would let them from gathering. And when they are come to that amass or heap, with their axes and hatchets they cut thereof as a man should do on a Tuph or soft stone, and therewith fraught their boats, and then return. And if it happen at any time that the boats break that they fall into the water, yet though they cannot swim, they sink not to the ground as in other waters, but remain above as if they swum. For the nature of the water is to bear and hold up the bodies of any thing which hath humidity and breath. And such things as are whole and massife, as gold, silver, lead and such other metals sink not so soon to the ground as they do in other waters. With the same plaistre the Paisaunts gather & get great store of silver, for they carry it into Egypt, where they sell it very dear, because it is very excellent and sovereign to preserve dead bodies from steach and putriture: and if the other dredges be not mingled with that, they can not long preserve and keep them.  
When Demetre was returned to his Father in Sirie, he recompted all he had done against the Arabians, and also the nature of the Lake whereof we have spoken. Howbeit his father was no deal contented with the league and amity made with the Arabians: saying they would hereafter become more cruel and fierce, seeing they had not now been chastised and brought under: and farther, they would think that the same conclusion of peace was made not for any pity or compassion he took of them, but because he was not able to correct and punish them. Notwithstanding he much commended him for finding out the Lake by which he trusted the better to increase his revenue and possessions. Wherefore he charged Jerome the Historian to assemble and get together a numbered of ships and to fraught them all with the plaistre he could there find, and to carry it into some place to be safely kept. But the matter happened all other ways. For the Arabians who were thereof advertised, had assembled to the numbered of vj. thousand or thereabouts, and with their boats with shot of arrows so charged Antigone his people upon the said Lake in their ships, that they had almost slain them all. Whereof Antigone advertised, loss all his hope of gaining by the said Lake: and chiefty because news were brought him out of Mede, of greater and weightier affairs, which answered him as hereafter shall be declared.   

¶ Demetre Antigone his son, at his father's commandment goeth to Babylon, to make thereof a conquest, and after returneth to his Father.  
The xlv Chapter.  
AS Antigone lay in Syrie, and thought a fresh to commence wars against the Arabians, suddenly came a messenger to him with letters from Nycanor Governor of Mede and the other satraps near thereabouts, by which he was advertised of Seleuke his arrival in Babylon, and of the things he had already done, together of Nycanor his discomfiture, with which news he was greatly astonished. Wherefore he incontinent dispatched Demetre his son with .v. thousand Macedonian footmen ten thousand Mercenaries, and iiij. thousand horse: commanding him with all celerity to go and recover the satrapy of Babylon, and after to return to Sea towards him. For execution of which commandment Demetre departed from the City of Damas' in Syrie, 
The City of Damas.  & sped him to Babylon. When Patrocles Seleuke his Lieutenant there understood that Demetre was already entered Mesopotamia, 
Patrocles.  and seeing his small number not able to resist, kept with himself one part, and commanded an other company to departed the city, and pass the river Euphrate, to save themselves through the deserts: and appointed the rest to pass the river Tiger, and to go into Susiane, into the city of Eutele, 
Eutela.  over against the red Sea. And himself (with the soldiers he detained) remained in the Country of Babylon, having an eye to the passages and fourdes of the Rivers and other difficile places, that he might know when and what way the enemy came. He also gave notice with all speed to Seleuke abiding in the country of Mede, of their coming: and from day to day signified unto him what was done, exhorting him to bring with all diligence, aid and succour. When Demetre was come to Babylon, and found the City left alone, he minded to take the castles. The one of which he forcibly took, and gave the spoil to his men of war. And seeing it impossible for him out of hand to take the other, and that the term appointed to meet his Father approached, he left behind at the siege thereof one of his friends hight Archelaye, 
Archelaye.  with .v. thousand footmen and a thousand horse to continue the siege, and himself with the rest returned to Sea.   

¶ The Romans under the conduct of Quinte Fabie their Dictator, win and take two Cities from the Samnites.  
The xluj Chapter.  
DUring the time that these things aforesaid were done in asia, the wars between the Romans and Samnites in Italy waxed and continued more fierce, never ceasing besieging of Towns, making incursions and robberies one into another's country and running all over with rolling camps. For these two Nations, notable Soldiers and warlike people, left nothing unhazarded for the winning of Empire and Dominion one of another. It happened also that the Roman Consuls with one part of their army were come and encamped more near the camp of the enemy, to espy the time, and advantages for them to fight, and also to stay the enemy: that they might thereby hold & keep the Cities allied and confederate with them, in surety. The other part of the army led Quinte Fabie, 
Quinte Fabye.  General of the whole army, 
The City of Fretonia, or Ferent.  and sovereign Dictator, who won and forcibly took the City of Ferent, and sent two hundred of the principal Citizens to Rome prisoners, whom for their common rebellion against the Romans, they according to the Law and manner of the Roman custom, were whipped about the City, and after beheaded in the great market place. Shortly after he entered the territory of the Nolaines, took the city, and by the sound of the drum, sold the butine thereof, and divided one part of their land amongs the men of war. Wherefore the Romans seeing their affairs prosper and go forward, 
The Isle of Potide.  sent a Colony of Citizens into the Isle of Potide.   

¶ After the alliance made and confirmed between Cassander, Ptolemy, Lysimache and Antigone: Cassander putteth to death the young Alexander and Roxanne his mother.  
The xlvij Chapter.  
THe year ensuing in which Thesimonide had the government of Athens, and that Ma● ke Valerie & Publy Dece were at Rome created Consuls, Cassander, Ptolemy and Lysimache treated a league and amity which was put in writing. By which Cassander was declared and named Governor and Emperor of Europe: Lysimache of Thrace: Ptolemy of Egypt, and the Cities near there about, aswell in Lybie as Arabia: And Antigone of all asia, until that Alexander, Roxanne her son came to his full age. It was also concluded and agreed upon, that the Greeks should remain and be at liberty after their accustomed laws. Nevertheless the said Princes continued nor remained not in that accord and appointment, for every of them by exquisite means went about to enlarge and increase his Dominion and authority. But Cassander seeing that Alexander the son of Roxanne waxed and grew in years and bigness, & that in Macedon the voices went and men talked that it was needful and requisite to take Alexander out of prison and to restore him to the authority and government of his father's Realms: and fearing if that should so come to pass, it would go awry with him, commanded Glaucye (who had charge and keeping of the infant) secretly to put him & his mother to death: 
Glaucie.  which thing was speedily done. Through which fact, both Cassander, Ptolemy, Lysimache and Antigone, so soon as they had thereof intelligence, were clearly delivered of the fear they had of the young King Alexander. For after him remained no succe●● our of Alexander the great, but every of the Governors of the Countries and Provinces, aspired the Kingdoms and principalities, and after held and kept them as their own inheritance, acquired and gotten by the right and conquest of war. And the same time in Italy the Romans with a great number of footmen and horse, went to besiege the city of Spolite, in the country of Maruce: and sent into that country a Colony of their Citizens whom they called Interanneis.   
The end of the xix Book of Diodorus Siculus, the second part of this present volume: and here beginneth the twenty of this volume, the third part.   

A little short Prologue, wherein the Author declareth in what sort it is commendable and well beseeming a good and perfect Historian to use Rhetoric, Orations, Declarations and such other like.  
NOt without just cause ought they which understand and know the art of Rhetoric, to reprove their order, which in Histories do admixed either too long or many orations, because they by such impertinent and superfluous words, do not only interrupt and break the order of their narration, but also do hinder the desire of the Readers for understanding of the things passed. And if such Orators and rhetoricians will by such orations show their skill and learning, and the elegancy of their speech and language, they may particularly by themselves couch the orations and Ambassades appertaining to Ambassadors, the praises and dispraises able and meet, and other such like: and so using their art and elegancy in such tales, and busying them in this and that matter particularly, shall be commended therein. Howbeit, at this day some writers with using the art Oratory, reduce the greater part of Histories into Orations & tales: which to the Readers are very tedious and irksome, not only for that they have naughtily written and made them, but also because they no whit regarded the order and nature of the History. By reason whereof such as do read them, very oft pass over unread the said orations and declarations, which by great art and cunning had been composed and made: or else for the length & impertinency are so wearied, that they leave all unread. And not without good reason: for the nature of an History is to be plain and continued without interruption: like as when the body of a man is dismembered, it loseth his kindly virtue, but when it is whole joined together, it hath then the full grace and perfect strength. And so in like case, the narration and setting forth of an History giveth to the Reader thereof a manifest and delectable pleasure, if it be plain and continued. Notwithstanding, I will not altogether reject and forbid the use of Rhetoric in an History, for that to make it pleasant, it ought with some variety and copy to be garnished, & is therefore very requisite that in some corner & place thereof be orations and declarations. Neither will I myself be altogether void of that faculty and art, when I shall come to the talk of any ambassador, counsellor or other such grave parsonage, but I will recite what he hath said. And they which have not the knowledge to do that, might find many excuses and say they had forgotten to put it in, which had been expedient and necessary in the same place to have been interlaced. Therefore where things be worthy memory and profitable, whereby the History should be garnished: they ought not negligently to be passed over (as it were under colour that they nothing served to the purpose) & not properly couched and placed. But where the matter & effect of the History is evident and of importance, it is not convenient that the declaration thereof be inferior to the deeds. It is also sometimes meet and necessary to use the art Oratory, to say, when any thing happeneth otherwise than is looked for. For it is expedient by copy of words to make the orations artificially as it falleth out. And now, since we have sufficiently answered this matter, it is meet we return to the narration of our History, and divide the things whereof we have spoken, according to the times they were done in.   

The third Book.  

¶ Of certain aid which Cassander sendeth to the King of Peons: of certain enterprises by Ptolemy against Antigone, done in Phenice. How Polispercon taketh on hand to restore Hercules the son of Alexander to the realm of Macedon. And finally of the pitiful and lamentable death of Nycocles and his whole family.  
The first Chapter.  
THe year that Hieronemon governed Athens, and Quinte julie and Quinte emily were Consuls at Rome, 
Antholion.  as Antholeon King of Peons lay in Macedon, the Antariates warred upon him: to whom Cassander sent aid and succour, so that where before he was in case like to have lost his estate, he is now clearly delivered of that danger, and enforced the Antaryates with their wives and children to go inhabit the mount Odorbel. In this same very season Ptolemy Antigone his Lieutenant of his army in Peloponnese, under colour that he was not so well entreated and honoured as he had merited and deserved, revolted from him and took part with Cassander, and left Captain Satrapeas the Phenician (whom he best trusted) in Hellespont, 
Satrapeas'.  and sent to him certain men, with commandment not to take part with Antigone, but to keep and guard the places and Towns he held for him, in his own proper name. Again, because in the league & peace concluded between the Princes as aforesaid, amongs other things was pronounced and declared, that the Cities of Grece should remain and continue at their liberty and popular governance, Ptolemy Prince of Egypt, for that Antigone kept his garrisons in some of them, determined to arrere open hostility and war against him. Whereupon he sent one of his Captains named Leonide, into the hire Cilice, to take the Cities of the same country, subject to Antigone, and sent likewise to Cassander and Lysimache, praying them to join with him, that they three together might war upon Antigone, and no longer permit his power to wax and increase either greater or mightier. For resisting of which enterprise, Antigone sent his youngest son Philip into Hellespont to war upon the Phenician and other rebels. And sent his son Demetre into Cilice against Leonide, who chased & expulsed Ptolemy his Soldiers, and recovered the Towns which they had taken. Amongs these enterfactes Polispercon abiding in Peloponnese, finding himself aggrieved with Cassander, did all that in him lay, to recover the government of Macedon. Wherefore he sent for Hercules Alexander the great his bastard Son (by Barsine) to Pargame, 
Hercules Alexander his bastard son.  where he was brought up, and then about xvij years old, and writ to all his friends, and to so many as he thought hated Cassander, for help in Alexander his aid for recovery of his father's realm. And further writ to the Etholians in general to join with him in that enterprise: promising that if the said Hercules could by their mean and aid recover his Father's realm, to give them great things. To which persuasions the Etholians and many other agreed, and put themselves in arms, to the number of twenty thousand footmen, & a thousand horse. And Polispercon who about this enterprise was most careful, levied money on all sides, and sent secret Messengers to the Macedonians, to exhort them to take part with the young King, thinking that to be their best and most agreeable to reason. Again, when Ptolemy Lord of the Isle of Cypress, understood that Nycocles King of Paphe had secretly allied with Antigone, 
Nycocles.  he sent two of his principal and chief friends, 
Argey.  to weet Argey and Calicrate into Cypress, charging them to kill the said Nycocles, 
Calicrate.  fearing, that if he left him unpunished, the rest would not stick to do the like. When they were arrived in Cypress, and had taken with them Ptolemy his soldiers under Menelaye his charge, and encompassed Nycocles house, they signified to him their charge from Ptolemy, and exhorted him to kill himself, who from the beginning used many words in excusing the fact and deed. But when he see there was no account made of his talk, he at last slew himself. And after that Axithea his wife understood of his death, 
A pitiful History.  the first slew two young maids her daughters, whom she had by him, to the end they should not come in the hands of her husbands enemies: and after exhorted Nycocles brothers wives willingly to die with her, which they did, albeit Ptolemy had commanded that no hurt should be done to the women, but let them alone. In this sort was the Palace Royal of Paphe full of murdres and wilful slaughters, and after in manner of a Tragedy, burnt. For immediately after Nycocles brethren's wives were dead, they shut up the doors of the houses & set them on fire, and forthwith killed themselves.   

¶ Of the wars between Parisade his three children, King of Bosphore, after his death, for the succession of the Realm, together their deeds and gests, and also their ends.  
The two Chapter.  
IN this season while these matters were done in Cypress, great controversy arose in the country of Pont, 
Parisade.  after the death of Parisade, sometime King of Bosphore Cymerique: 
Satire. Eu● eel. Pritame.  between Satire, Eumele and Pritame, Parisade his sons, for the succession of the said Realm. Because that the said Satire in the life of his father had by him been named and declared heir apparent, and successor, and had also governed and ruled the estate the space of xviij years: Eumele who there with was much moved and offended, assembled a great number of men, of the countries thereto adjoining, to war upon his brother. And he understanding his fetch and enterprise, with a mighty power came against him. And when he had passed the river Thatis, 
The River of Thatis.  which ran between the two armies, he enpaled his Camp with his carriages, whereof he bad store, and arranged his Soldiers in order of battle, and placed himself in the midst of the Phalange according to the custom of the Scythes. He had in his company and army about two thousand Mercenary Greeks, and so many Thracians twenty thousand Scythian footmen, and above ten thousand horse. And on Eumele his side came Arypharne King of Thrace with xx. thousand horse, and xxij thousand footmen. And at last they courageously joined battle. Satire then having about him his choice and picked horsemen, so lustily charged Arypharne in the midst of his battle, that there was a sharp and cruel conflict betwixt the horsemen, and many on both sides slain: but in the end Aripharne was put to flight, whom Satire a while chased, and overthrew and killed a great number of his people. But when he understood that his brother Eumele which lead the other wing over against the Mercenary Greeks, had the better of them, he desisted chase of Aripharne and came to the rescous of his own men. At whose coming the enemy was repulsed, and in the end put to flight. And in this manner Satire himself was cause of victory in both the wings. By which well appeared that the realm, aswell for his Seignoritie as also for his virtue and prows, to him only appertained.  
The victory thus won, Aripharne and Eumele retired into a Castle standing on a very steep rock, situate in the midst of the River of Thatis. By reason whereof, and also because the walls were strong and high, well manned and also furnished with all kinds of shot and weapon, it was not easy to be taken, but very difficile and hard to besiege, having but two ways to enter, both of them artificially made and wrought: the one went directly to the castle, environed and defended with flankers and bulwarks: the other to certain marshes lying round about the castle, fortified with rampires of wood, in the midst of which marshes were fair houses built upon great pillars standing upon the river. When Satire had considered the strong situation and great danger in the siege thereof, he first made incursions and robberies upon all the country round about, and took a great numbered of the paysauntes' prisoners, with great plenty of cattle, and burnt and fouraged all the villages. And after he had thus done, he determined forcibly to assail the place which lead to the Castle, but he was repulsed with loss of many men. Notwithstanding he desisted not, but so lustily and courageously assaulted the other way, that he wan the rampers and houses standing on the marshes, and spoiled them, and after passed the river, where he began to cut and hue down the piles and houses of wood through which he must needs pass if he determined to come to the Palace. Which thing when Arypharne see, and fearing the taking of the Palace, his whole trust and chief refuge, defended the same by all the possible means he could. Now had he a great numbered of shot, which he divided on both sides the way, who hurt a great numbered of the wood fellers, because they could not avoid the shot, nor yet endamage them which did the hurt. Nevertheless they courageously endured the danger, and for three days together never ceased cutting down of wood, so that they had made a plain beaten way through the marshes, and the fourth day were gotten hard to the curtain. For Menisce Captain of the Mercenaries, 
Menisce.  a valiant and wise man, came bravely and courageously with his Soldiers through the same way to give the assault. But after he had long sustained the violence of the shot within, and the greater number of his men hurt, he then of force retired. And in the retire they of the Castle in such number sallied out upon him, that what through the narrowness of the way, and disadvantage of the place, he surely had been slain, had it not been that Satire seeing them so distressed, incontinent came to their rescous. Who nobly fight and abiding the force of the enemy, was with the blow of a lance in one of his arms so sore hurt, that he was feign to be taken and carried back into his camp, and the night ensuing died on the same stroke, when he had reigned but ix months, after the death of his Father. When Menisce see that, he raised the siege and retired the army to the city of Galgaze, 
Galgaze.  and from thence sent his brother's body down elongest the river unto his brother Prytame, in the city of Panticape: who caused it very sumptuously & honourably to be interred, amongs the sepulchres and tombs of the Kings. And that done, he incontinent went into the city of Galgaze, and there seized on the army and Realm. To whom Eumele his brother sent Messengers to demand partition of the said Realm, who hearkened not to any such demand: but after he had placed his garrisons in Galgaze, forthwith returned to Panticape, 
Panticape.  to establish and set an order about the affairs and estate of the realm. The same time Eumele with the aid of a numbered Barbarians, took the city of Galgaze, and many other Towns and villages thereabout. Whereof Pritame advertised, levied a great army and came against him, where he in battle was vanquished, and enforced to fly into a place in the strait near the marsh Meothide: and being there by Eumele enclosed, was driven of necessity to come to a composition, wherein he gave over & restored to him his army, and also forsook his right and title of the realm. But after he was returned to Panticape the Palace Royal of the King of Bosphore, he again forcibly took upon him the government and estate of the Realm, but he was a fresh by Eumele overthrown, and fleeing through certain orchards, there slain. After whose death, Eumele meaning to assure himself of the realm, caused all the friends, wives and children of Pritame & Satire his brethren, to be put to death, except and reserved Parisade, Satire his son, a very young stryppling, who on horse back got out of the town and fled to Agare King of the Scythes. 
Agare.  But when Eumele see the Citizens for the slaughter of their friends and familiars wax mutinous, he assembled them and declared the causes which moved him to do the same, saying farther, that he would restore them into their ancient estate, immunity and franchize, sometime had under his predecessors, and that they should be exempt of all tributes and imposts: by which mean he appeased them, and wan again their good wills and favours, and after, sagely and courteously governed & behaved himself in his reign, to the great admiration of all his neighbours. For through his munificency and courtesy, he made all his friends to love him: as the Byzancians, Synopians, and the rest of the Greeks inhabiting the country of Pont. And when Lysimache besieged the Calantians, who for want of victuals, were brought into great danger and necessity, he received a thousand of them which came out by reason of the famine: and not only licensed and assured them to remain in his Country, but also gave them one of his own cities, named Ice, & amongs them divided the territory thereof. 
Ice.  He moreover warred upon the Heniques, Thaures, and Achees, Barbarians, and Sea rovers, to make the Sea Pontic navigable to them of the country. By which his doings he both got great praise and renown of the country men there, and also of the whole world: because of the report the people of that country made to all which sailed and came thither, so that he had won a great part of the region of Barbary joining upon his realm, and became so puissant and renowned, that he enterprised to subdue and conquer the whole country of Pont, which he had without pe● adventure compassed, if death by a marvelous mishap had not shortened his days, after he had reigned .v. years and .v. months. For as he was riding in a coach running on four wheels, by four horses drawn towards a sacrifice or pilgrimage, the horses sturtling at some thing they see, ran quite out of the way, coursing overthwart all the fields. But when the King see that the wagoner could not stay them, fearing the overthrow of that coach or chariot, made haste to get out, & thinking to leap to the ground, his sword caught between the spokes of one of the wheels, wherewith he was immediately drawn under the wheels, and there frushed and bruised to death. And it is said, that the death of him and his brother, were by certain plain and simple Oracles pronosticated of, which in deed the men of the country greatly credited. For one day Satire demanding what death he should die, 
The superstition of the Paynims.  answer was by the Oracle made, that he should take heed and beware he were not by a mouse suddenly slain. By reason whereof he would neither suffer free or bond bearing that name, to tarry within his country: and so feared the mice in field and town, that he commanded all should be slain: and farther made all the holes in the ground to be stopped up, which they might come out at. Howbeit, that served to no purpose, nor was the cause of his end, but died of a wound on the muscle of the arm by us called the brawn. It is to be understood, that a mouse in Latin is called Mus, and a little Mouse, Musculus: and thereby was signified, that he should take heed, he died not by a mouse, and after his death, some interpreted that it was of the muscle, which in Latin may be said a little mouse, & also the brawn. And it was of Eumele presaged, to beware of the fall of a house, and therefore he never entered any house, but that he would first circumspectly advise, and look upon the foundation, to see if it were stable and sure. But after he was dead in manner as aforesaid, some thought the Oracle was accomplished, and that the Chariot was understood the fall of an house. But for this time we will give over mentioning of the things done in the East part of Pont, and speak of those the same season done in Italy.   

¶ Of two victories which the Romans won against the Samnites, whereby they took many of their Cities.  
The three Chapter.  
IN this season the Roman Consuls being come with their army into the country of Puille, wan a battle against the Samnites, about a place called Talie: 
Talie.  who retired into a mountain there by, called by the inhabitants, the holy hill: so that the Romans could not pursue them that day because night drew on, and therefore returned to their camp. But the next day in the morning they joined battle, where a numbered of Samnites were slain, and above two thousand taken prisoners. Through which victory the Consuls kept the fields and took the Cities and Towns against them. Amongs which by force were taken Cataraste, and Caraville, and certain other by treaty and practice. 
Cataraste.  And thus much touching the matters of Italy. 
Caraville.    

¶ Ptolemy Prince of Egypt winneth from Antigone certain Cities, practiseth and getteth to him Ptolemy Nephew to Antigone, and after putteth him to death. Polispercon also through the persuasion of Cassander, putteth to death Hercules the son of Alexander. And finally of Cleomenes death King of Lacedaemon.  
The four Chapter.  
THe same year that Demetrie Phalerie governed Athens, and Quinte Fabie the second time, and Caie Martie were created Consuls at Rome, Ptolemy advertised that his Captains in Cilice had lost all the Cities they had won and taken, betook him to sea with his whole army, and arrived at Phaselid, 
Phaselid.  which City he took by siege, and from thence sailed into the Country of Lycie, and there took the city Xanthe, 
Xanthe.  guarded by Antigone his Soldiers: after that he came before the city of Caune, 
Caune.  which he by Sea attempted and wan: he likewise took by force the Castle of Heracle, and the Castle Persike yielded upon compositon. From thence departed he, and came before the city of Coo, at this day named Laugo: and there practised with Ptolemy, Antigone his brother's son, and Lieutenant of certain men of his fathers, whom he drew to his alliance, & made him revolt from Antigone his uncle. And going from Calcide where his army lay, to meet with Ptolemy at Coo, he received and welcomed him right honourably. But after he see his prodigality and ambition, to win and get away Ptolemy his Captains, fearing he went about to betray him, he prevented the matter, and caused him to be apprehended and poisoned: and attracting his Soldiers to his favour, divided them amongs his bands. In this mean while, after Polispercon had assembled a great army, he took his journey to bring Hercules the son of Alexander by Barsine, to the realm of Macedon. And when he was with his army come to the place Stymphale, Cassander also came thither with a puissant army, and encamped very near him. But when he perceived that the Macedonians which came with him, were satisfied and content that Hercules should be restored to his father's realm, and fearing if they see him, they would quickly take his part, sent secret Messengers to Polispercon, declaring that so soon as he had restored Hercules to his realm, he should then become his subject and thrall: but if he would kill him, and make alliance with the said Cassander, he would first render and restore to him, all that he before held and enjoyed in Macedon, give him a sufficient army, nominate & proclaim him Prince and Governor of Peloponnese, make him partaker and consort of all he had under his dominion, and beside have him in greater honour and reverence, than any other of the satraps. Through these persuasions and fair promises, he induced Polispercon to consent unto this mischievous and wicked practise: and after they had plighted their faiths one to an other, he caused the young Hercules traitorously to be slain: and that done, openly then showed himself friend to Cassander, who for accomplishing his promise, rendered first to him all that he had held and enjoyed in Macedon, and after delivered him four thousand Macedonian footmen, and .v. hundred Thessalian horse: and so many as voluntarily came to serve him, he received and gave them good entertainment, with which army he invaded and entered Peloponnese, through the country of Beoce: but being by the Beotians and Peloponnesians repulsed, he returned with his army and wintered in Locres. The self same year founded Lysimache a city in Theronese, called after his own name Lysimache. And when Cleomenes King of Lacedaemon had reigned. Lx. years and ten months, he died: after whose death his Son Arete succeeded, and reigned xliiij years.   

¶ Of certain victories which the Romans have upon the Tyrrhenians and Samnites. And of certain Innovations, by Appie Claudie the Roman Censor made, in contempt and defacing of the Senate and nobles, in favour of the commonalty.  
The .v. Chapter.  
ABout the same time, the Tyrrhenians besieging the City of Souttre, 
Souttre.  a colony of the Romans, were in vattaill by the Roman Consuls vanquished & chased home into their camp: which Romans' came thither with great power, of purpose to raise their siege. On the other side, the Samnites seeing the Roman armies far from their country, burnt, wasted, and peeled the lands and country of the japides, confederates with the Romans. By reason whereof the Consuls were enforced to divide their army, leaving Fabie in Toscane, 
Fabie.  and sent Martie against the Samnites, 
Martie.  who took by force the city of Aliphe, and delivered the Allies of the Roman people, from the necessity and danger they were in. Again, Fabie seeing that a great number of the Tyrrhenians were assembled to besiege the City of Souttre, secretly departed from that quarter, and passing through the territory of their neighbours, before they were espied, entered the high country, which of long had been unpilled and unrobbed of any enemy, and spoiled and fouraged it all over, and slew numbers of the paysaunts that resisted him, and took many prisoners. Which done, he went against peruse: and finding the Tyrrhenians there assembled in battle, 
peruse.  discomfited them, and slew a great numbered, wherewith they were marvelously amazed: for the Romans had never been so beforehand as Fabie was them. Who after that victory, trused with the Aretians, Crotonians and Perousians: and shortly after took by force the city of the Tyrrhenians named Castolle, 
Castolle.  by mean whereof they were enforced to raise their siege from before the city of Souttre.  
In this season Appie Claudie and Lucy Claudie were by the Romans elect and named Censores. 
Ap. Claudius. I. Claudius.  And the said Appie being through flattery of his companion, in all doings followed, changed and altered many of the ancient customs of the city, for he (to please the commonalty) had no regard to content the Senate. And first, he caused a pipe of lead to be brought into the City by conducts four score furlongs long, to the great cost and charge of the common treasure, without making the Senate any thing privy thereto, and called it after his own name Appie. He likewise caused the ways and straits, from Rome to Capue, being a thousand furlongs distant between, to be paved, and called them Appie, he plained and leveled also all the rocks and mountains, and filled up all the ditches and valleys with earth and rubushe, so that he had about those works employed & bestowed almost the whole revenue of the City, to have his name ymmortall, for his liberality and munificence towards the weal public, besides great novelties and changes in the Senate by him made. For where in times past were none but of the noblest houses and greatest wealth admitted to the dignity of a Senator, he put in many slaves borne, wherewith the nobles and gentlemen were greatly offended. He likewise granted to every of the Citizens, to enrol & writ himself in what tribe he would, and in the same pay his rent. Moreover, when he perceived the nobles wholly moved and bend against him, he would do nothing, that in any wise should seem to please or content them, nor do any thing according to their intention and desire, that by any mean might displease the mean sort of the commonalty: making in this sort his part good against the nobles, through the good wills of the commons. So that, when it came to the musters of the horsemen, he would not once reject any horse of theirs, and in viewing the Senate, would not put back one of the infamed according to the ancient custom therein always before observed and kept. By reason whereof, the Senates to despite him, when they assembled the Senate, would not once call to counsel the Senators by him appointed, but only those which before had been by the others Censors nominated and chosen. Howbeit, the commonalty thinking to please Appie, & to uphold and maintain that which he had done, and also desiring that the promotion of their kinsfolks and friends by him pronounced Senators might take effect, chose to the chief and principal office of Edilite Gne Flavie, 
Gne Flavie.  son to a bondman: which thing in Rome was never before seen. When all these things were finished and done, and that the end and term of Appie was consumed and determined, to avoid the malice and displeasure of the nobles conceived against him, he feigned and countrefaited blindness, and never after removed out of his own house.   

¶ After Ptolemy Prince of Egypt hath restored one part of the Cities of Grece to liberty, he for despite and in recompense of their breach of promiss with him, concludeth a peace with Cassander. And Cleopatra sister to Alexander the great, coming on her way towards him, is by the commandment of Antigone, miserably slain.  
The uj Chapter.  
THe year that Carine held the principality of Athens, and at Rome were created Consuls, Publie Decie and Quite Fabie● and in the olympiad the. Cxxvij. Ptolemy Prince of Egypt went to Sea with a great army from Mind: and sailing alongst the Isles of Grece, delivered first Andrie from the subjection of Antigones and expulsed his garrisons. From thence he sailed to the strait of Peloponnese, called Isthmus, and there took the cities of Sycione, Corinth, and Cratesipole, and restored them to liberty, fully de● ermined to do the like to the rest of the cities in Grece, thinking thereby to get great good will and favour, and so to fortify and make strong his estate. But after he see that the Peloponnesians would not with victuals and money aid him according to their promiss, he for despite and anger, allied and concluded a peace with Cassander, wherein was declared, & agreed on, that every of them should govern the Cities and Provinces already in their possessions. And upon that conclusion, after he had garrisonned Sycione and Corinth, he returned into Egypt. In the mean while Cleopatra seeing the enmity daily between her and Antigone increase, determined to join with Ptolemy, and so departed from the City of Sardis, meaning to seek him out. It is to be understood, that Cleopatra was sister to Alexander the great, and sometime wife to Alexander late King of Epire deceased, which warred in Italy: whom for the nobleness of her line and stem, Cassander, Lysimache, Antigone, Ptolemy, and in effect all the puissant and renowned Princes & Chieftains which remained after Alexander the great, greatly desired to wife, thinking that the Macedonians would soon obey and follow him, who should marry her, by reason of the affinity he should have in the blood Royal, and be held for chief and sovereign over the rest. But the deputy of the City of Sardes for Antigone, having from him express charge and commandment to take diligent heed she departed not, incontinent stayed her going. And after, by the commandment of Antigone, through certain women whom he had for that purpose corrupted, put her to death. And because Antigone would not seem to be the Author of so execrable a murder, he by justice put to death certain of the said women, as if they had perpetrated and committed some heinous fact: and very honourably buried the body of the Lady, as appertained to so noble a Dame. In this sort Cleopatra for marriage of whom all the noble and renowned Princes were at debate and controversy, before the time of marriage ended her life.   

¶ After the taking and razing of Munichie, Demetre, Antigone his son, by his Father's commandment restoreth Athens, Megare, and many other Cities of Grece to liberty: and of their liberality towards him, and the honours they judged him worthy for that his benefit & good turn.  
The uj Chapter.  
THe same year in which Anaxicrate held the government of Athens, and that Appie Claudie and Lucy Volamine were at Rome created Consuls, when Demetre Antigone his son (to execute his Father's commandment for restoration of the Cities of Grece to liberty) had gotten together a great number of footmen, ships, plenty of armour, and all other munition meet & necessary for a siege, he loosed from Ephesus, and sailed directly to the City of Athens, by Cassander garrisoned. And after he had before the port of Pyrea pitched his camp, he caused by an edict, his father's commandment to be published for the restoration of the cities of Grece to liberty. But Dionise Captain of Munychie, and Demetre Phalerey deputy of Athens for Cassander, right over against him had with Soldiers manned their walls and curtains. Nevertheless some of Antigone his Soldiers had gotten one quarter of the curtain of Pire, standing upon the Sea side named Acten, and there slew and repulsed the enemy, which was the cause of the taking of Pyre. Howbeit, Dionise retired into Munichie, and Demetre Phalerey into the City of Athens, who the next day in the morning was by the commoners sent in an Ambassade towards Demetre, before whom he propounded aswell the deliverance of the city and Citizens, as also his own. But when he see he could no whit impetrate or get grant for the said City, but for himself only, he fled into Egypt to Ptolemy, and so abandoned his Country after he had governed the city ten years. And after the people had gotten liberty, they adjudged the authors thereof worthy perpetual honours. In this mean time Demetre having great provision of shot and engines for to assault, both by Sea and land besieged Munychie. Howbeit Dionise and his soldiers had great advantage of the enemy, by reason the town was of great height, and the situation of the walls agreeing thereto, so that they right valiantly defended it, although Demetre had marvelous great provision of all things. And lastly, after he had two days together without stay assaulted the castle, he shreudlie daunted the courages of the defendants, because the greater number were sore hurt and galled with shot, not able to relieve the curtain with fresh men, and the assailaunts by reason of their mighty numbered, continually refreshed and relieved their Soldiers, and thereby at last wan the castle, and took Dionise Captain thereof prisoner. After he had in short time achieved this victory, he razed Munychie, restored the Athenians to their pristinate liberty, and with them allied and made an inviolable peace. By reason of which benefit, 
Stratocle.  they by the commandment of Stratocle ordained that the statues or Images of Antigone and Demetre should be set up in gold hard by Armodie and Aristogiton, and farther, sent to each of them a crown of gold worth two hundred Talents. They likewise reared an Altar called the Altar of their deliverers, and added and annexed to their ten Tribes two more: whereof the one called Antigonide, and the other Demetriade. They farther ordained every year (in their honour) games and sacrifices to be made as unto Gods, and that their Statues and Images should be wound and covered over with a coverchief of the Goddess Pallas. And thus the Government and liberty popular which the Athenians had in the Lamian war lost under Antipater, was restored to them unlooked for xu years after. The like did Demetre to the city of Megare, by Cassander garrisoned, whom they also honoured as they did the first. After all these matters, when the Ambassadors of Athens came to Antigone to present the Decree made by the city in the honour of him and his Son, and to desire him of timber and other stuff for the building of certain ships and corn to victual them, he gave. Cl. thousand Medymnes of wheat, and so much timber and other stuff as would build a hundred tall ships, and rendered to them the city of Imbre which he kept, 
The City of Imbre.  & farther writ to Demetre his son to depute and appoint all the conservators of the free cities of Grece, to have charge and authority to consult and purvey for all things appertaining to the conservation of their liberty: and the done, incontinent to take shipping and sail into Cypress, to fight with the lieutenants of Ptolemy.   

¶ Demetre, Antigone his son, vanquisheth in a battle at Sea Ptolemy, before the City of Salamine in Cypress, and by that mean winneth the whole Isle from him. And after the said Antigone, Demetre and Ptolemy take upon them the Titles and Dyademes of Kings.  
The eight Chapter.  
WHen Demetre had executed and performed his Father's commandment, concerning the restoration of the Cities of Grece, he sailed into Carie, & from thence sent his Ambassadors to the Rhodians, to persuade them to ally and join with him in the war against Ptolemy, whereunto they would not agree, but concluded to be in amity and friendship with them both, and not to make or meddle with any of their doings, which was the first occasion and chief cause that plucked away the hearts of the Rhodians from Antigone. From thence loused Demetre, and passing elongest the Isle of Sicily, levied ships and Soldiers and sailed into Cypress, having with him xu thousand footmen four hundred horse, and of Pumasses and excellent fine Galleys. Cx. beside. Liij. other of greater burden, meet for the wars, and a number of Barks laden with victuals and other necessary hablements for the army. And first he landed on the coast of Carpasie, 
Carpasie.  and there encamped hard by the shore, which he entrenched with deep ditches and trenches. From thence he went to the siege of Uranie, 
Uranie.  making incursions on the Country in the way, and took them. That done, leaving a sufficient number for the guard of his ships, he marched on to Salamine, 
Salamine.  whereof Menelaye was deputy for Ptolemy, 
Menelaye.  who had levied a number of men in the Isle, and retired into Salamine, & having intelligence that Demetre was approached within xl furlongs of the city, he marched out against him with twelve thousand footmen and eight hundred horse, and encountered him in battle, but after the horsemen had a while lustily charged one another, the Menelaians' retired and fled, and the Demetrians seeing the victory theirs, subsecuted and chased them hard to the walls of the city, so that they slew about a thousand, and took above three thousand prisoners. Whom Demetre retained in wages, and divided amongs his bands. But when he see they daily fled from him to Menelaye, because their goods and baggage, were left in Egypt with Ptolemy: and that he could not reduce them to his amity and service, he enbarqued the rest, and sent them to his father lying in the hire Syrie, where he built about the river Oronte a very sumptuous City, called after his own name Antigone, being four score furlongs about. Now was this a meet and necessary place to get and hold the imperial dominion of Babylon and all the hire and lower Satrapies in subjection, notwithstanding, it stood not or continued long: for Seleuke shortly after destroyed it and transported the inhabitants into an other city of his foundation and building called after his name Seleuke. After Demetre had been victor in the battle aforesaid, Menelaye and the rest of his Soldiers which escaped and had gotten the City of Salamine, made great preparation of shot and engines for their defence and surety, dividing the quarters of their walls with the towers and flankers between them, because they see that Demetre determined with all his power and force, to attempt and assault the city. They also sent into Egypt to Ptolemy, signifying to him of their estate and danger, soliciting him to send his aid and help. When Demetre see that the City was mighty and strong, and throughlie manned, he determined to make huge & mighty engines wherewith they commonly used to besiege and overthrow Towns and Cities, which shot stones and other kind of shot of all sorts against the walls, and the residue of his provision marvelous terrible to batter & overthrow the same. For exploiting whereof he sent for a wonderful number of workmen and artificers, & plenty of iron and such other stuff out of Syrie, so that in short time he had prepared and made ready all things to batter and overthrow the walls. But amongs other his devices he caused an engine to be made called Helepolis, 
Helepolis.  to say, an overthrower of cities xl cubits each way square, and four score and ten cubits high, in which were ix stories or sellers divided one from another with planchers of wood, all running upon four great wheels eight cubits high. He had also many other engines called Rams, very large & great to batter any wall, & two great and puissant Tortoises to help them. In the lowermost sellers of the Helepolis he planted store of engines and ordinance which threw and shot stones, the greater sort weighing three Talents. In the middle stories he planted engines made like bolts shooting long & sharp shot, and in the higher stages were other which shot less and lighter. He placed also in the said rooms or stories two hundred expert Soldiers to shoot off and handle the said ordinance and engines. After he had placed his engines of battery against the wall, he in short time beat down the tops and batlements of the curtain, and after sore battered and shaked the walls: Howbeit the besieged so valiantly defended their City with such weapon and engines as they had prepared against the assaults, that for certain days no man could judge of the winning of the city, such were the noble hearts and courages invincible of the honourable Captains and lusty Soldiers on either side. But to be short, the wall was so sore battered and shaken, and a long breach made, that the city was disfurnished of defence and no remedy but to yield or be taken the next day following, if there were not found some new manner of defence that night, before the assault ceased. Wherefore the Menelayans having great store and plenty of dry wood and such like stuff which soon would take fire, about midnight so near approached the engines of the enemy, that with long poles and other which they had lighted, they cast in fire: so that in less than an hour, the fire grew so quick and terrible, that they had burnt the greater part of the engines and the soldiers within them: which thing the Demetrians could not help, and avoid by reason of the suddenness thereof. And although Demetre for that time was frustrate of his determination & purpose, yet had he good hope and still urged to take the city, continuing the siege both by Sea & land, not doubting but in the end to win it. In this mean while Ptolemy having intelligence of the affairs and slaughter of his people, departed out of Egypt, and took sea with a great power sailing towards Salamine, and being driven into the port of Paphe in the Isle of Cypress, he there landed and got together all the ships of the cities thereabout, and from them made his course to Syrie, distant from Salamine two hundred furlongs. He had in his Navy an. Cl. Galleys, whereof the greater were of .v. tier of oars on a side, and the lesser of four: he had also above two hundred Barks, wherein were enbarqued above ten thousand soldiers, and the rest laden with baggage and other provision. He sent by land likewise certain Messengers to Menelaye, commanding him if it were possible to send the lx Galleys lying in the haven of Salamine, which joined with his, & he thought to be much stronger at sea then Demetre, having two hundred Galleys or better. When Demetre understood of Ptolemy his coming, he left the siege furnished before the city, and enbarqued the rest of his Soldiers with great store of shot and engines which shot far off, planting them in the noses of his Galleys, and when he had arranged them all in order of battle, he environed the Town, and in the mouth of the haven cast ancre, and road there all that night without the danger of the shot, both for stopping of the Galleys which lay in the Port, that they should not get out to join with Ptolemy, and also to see what course Ptolemy kept, to the end that which way soever he came, he would be arranged and ready in order of battle to fight. But after the day once appeared, he might descry a mighty and terrible Navy of Ptolomes', sailing towards the city, whereat he was astonished: 
Anthiston.  wherefore he left his Admiral Anthiston with ten Galleys of five tier of oars, in the place where he lay, to guard and take heed that the Galleys of the Town made not out, & commanded his horsemen to ride all alongst the shore, to the end, that if any mischief happened him, they might save them which were overthrown into the sea and swam to land: and himself in order of battle, sailed against the enemy with a Navy of a. Cviij. sail with those he received of the cities he wan, whereof the greater were of seven. tire, and the rest of .v. tier. And first in the left wing or rearward he placed vij Phenician Galleys of vij tier, and of the Athenians xxx of four tier, appointing Mede, 
Mede.  the leading of that battle: behind them he placed ten of six tier, and ten of five tier, meaning to fortify and strengthen that well, wherein himself peradventure would fight. In the middle wing or main battle he placed the lesser Galleys, the charge of which he committed to Themise the Samian, and Martian the Historian who writ the deeds and gests of the Macedonians. The right wing or vanward lead Egesippe the Alicarnasian, and Plescias of Coho, Admiral of the whole Navy. Now had Ptolemy in the night loosed, and with all possible speed sailed towards Salamine, thinking to prevent the enemy, if he could get into the port of Salamine. But when it waxed near day, he might descry not far of the Navy of the enemy in order of battle. Wherefore he got together his Galleys and arranged them as followeth: First he commanded that the barks should come a good way behind, and arranged the rest in good and compotent order, placing himself in the left wing or rearward, wherein was the greatest power and strength. When he had ordered and placed his battle, the Soldiers on either side made the prayers and supplications to the Gods in loud manner according to their custom. And the chieftains considering that the hazard of their lives & whole estate stood thereon, were very careful and sore troubled in mind about the same. But so soon as they were approached within three furlongs one of an other, Demetre first gave the sign and token of battle to his Soldiers, halsing a terge of gold in the poop of his Galley in the view of the whole Navy: and shortly after, Ptolemy did the like.  
Then sounded the trumpets to battle, and forthwith began a fierce and violent fight with shot and darts, being a pretty distance asunder, wherein on each side were many sore hurt: but after they drew nearer, there was flinging of great mighty stones, and the Mariners for their lives rowed as hard and forcibly as they could, so that at the boarding was a terrible affray, for they violently rushing one by another, brake and carried away one another's oars, to the end there should be no flight nor yet any great forcible assailing. Some encountered one an other afore, and there fought hand to hand, some boarded on the broad side the eas● ier to get into the enemy, because it is difficile and hard to lay aboard about the beak or forebough of a Galley, other some thinking to enter, fell into the Sea and were slain with the short pikes of the enemy, some entered and slew many enemy, and made the rest leap into the Sea, so that in the end happened diverse adventures and victories unlooked for. For often times the lesser Galleys boarded and took the greater, because they were so heavy that they could not so readily remove and turn to and fro. And although in fight on land the virtue and prows of the Greeks winneth them victory which by no fortune or chance can any way be let or stopped: yet in conflicts at Sea, diverse and sundry ways it chanceth that the greater power and most likely, 
The valiantness of Demetre.  contrary to man's reason, is soon vanquished and overthrown. But in this battle Demetre amongs the rest most valiantly bare himself, for he getting up to the poop of a Gailie of vij tier of oars which he had won, so stoutly fought against the Soldiers within, that what with darts and javelins he slew of them a great number, and some with plain hand strokes. And although great store of shot came against him, yet put he by and eschewed some, & received the rest on his armour. And for the three men which continually were about him, the one was with the push of a pike slain, & the other two with shot sore hurt. But to be short, he so chevalrouslie exploited his matters, that he put to flight the right wing or vanguard of the enemy, & as many as were next them. And Ptolemy with his greatest and most warlike Galleys put to flight the left wing or rearward of the enemy, sinking some and pryzing the rest with so many as were within them. And returning as victor to the aid of his right wing or vanward, which was discomfited and put to flight, he seeing the Demetrians pursuing and chase them, and after making towards him, was so afraid, that he fled into the City of Citin.  
When Demetre had at Sea achieved and gotten this victory, he divided his Navy and gave the charge to Neon and Burick two of his Captains, 
Neon. Buricke.  commanding them to pursue and chase the enemy, and take in as many of his soldiers as they found swimming, and himself with the rest of his Navy and his prizes carried ensigns and tokens of victory into his camp, lying about the port of Salamine. In the mean while that these two Provinces were in fight, Menelaye deputy of the City of Salamine had enbarqued a numbered of men of war in the lx Galleys, riding in the haven of Salamine, to send in Ptolemy his aid, appointing for Admiral Menete, 
Menete.  who with such violence rowed out upon the ten Galleys which guarded the entry of the haven, that he put them all to flight, and made them haste towards the shore where Demetre his horsemen were. But the Menetians prevented of the enemy, came a day after the fair, and were fain to return to their city. In this fight were above a hundred Barks taken with eight thousand Soldiers xl Galleys and the Soldiers within them, and four score sore frushed and shaken, which Demetre his Soldiers brought away laden to the siege lying before the entry of the port of Salamine. There were not of Demetre his Galleys above twenty lost. After this victory Ptolemy despairing in the defence & keeping of the Isle of Cypress, returned into Egypt: and incontinent after his departure, Demetre got in subjection all the Towns and Cities of the country, together all the garrisons within them, to the number of xuj thousand footmen, and uj hundred horse, which he divided amongs his army. When he had finished and accomplished all these things, he embarked certain of his most warlikest Galleys he had, and sent them to his Father, signifying to him of his notable and triumphant victory: who was so glorious and proud thereof, that he took upon him the name of a King and Diadem Royal, and after bore him as a King, willing Demetre his Son to do the same. Ptolemy likewise (notwithstanding his great overthrow and loss in Cypress) to show he had lost neither heart or courage, took upon him the name of a King, and in all his letters and proclamations to all men so entitled and named himself. By whose example the other Princes which before were but as Uicegerents and Governors, entitled themselves then by the names of Kings, to say, Seleuke of the Satrapies and higher Provinces by him newly conquered, Lysimache and Cassander, of those which at the first were given them and still retained.   

¶ Antigone and Demetre his son, with a mighty power invade Egypt both by Sea and land. And after finding the entry and border of the country well provided and furnished, they return without any exploit.  
The ix Chapter.  
THe year that Corile governed Athens, and at Rome Quinte Martie and Publie Cornelie were created Consuls, after King Antigone had sumptuously celebrated the funerals of Phoenix his younger Son deceased, 
Phoenix  he sent to his Son Demetre in Cypress, to make haste and come to him, and in the mean time himself made great preparation to arrere wars against Ptolemy in Egypt. Which done he took his journey through the country of Celosirie, with an army of four score thousand footmen, about eight thousand horse and four score and three Elephants, and sent his son Demetre by Sea with. L. Galleys and above an hundred Carraques and Barks, which carried his people and their baggage, commanding him to sail alongst that shore side which the army marched on by land. And although the Mariners counseled him to stay xu days longer, until such time as the dangerous season of winter were passed over, yet would he not be ruled, but very angrily gave them despiteful and reproachful words, calling them cowards and dastards: and encamping at the city of Gaze, 
Gaze  determining to prevent Ptolemy his army, commanded his Soldiers to make provision of victuals for ten days, and jaded the Camels which the Arabians brought with. Cxxx. thousand Medynnes of wheat, and have for their horses great store: and his shot, armour, weapon, and other necessaries were carried by cart through the deserts, a laboursome and painful journey, because the ways were myery, deep and full of marshes, but especially as he drew near the country of Baratre. 
Baratre.  And Demetre who the same day about midnight loused from Gaze, had for certain days a fair and calm season. During which time he haled & drew with his Galleys the Carraques and Barks fraught with Soldiers and sarriages. And as he thus for a few days rowed, suddenly arose so great a flaw of wind out of the North, that it put the Galleys in great hazard, in so much that some of them were carried with the surgies and bellow into the dangerous mouth of the port of Raphie, 
Raphie.  because it was almost choked up with a shelf of dirt and ouze. And some of the Barks which carried the shot, armour, and other carriages, perished by tempest, and other were driven back again into Gaze. But the rest of the Navy wherein were the strongest Galleys and lustiest Soldiers, so laboured against the wether, that they arrived about Cassile, 
Cassile.  a city situate upon the river Nile, having no Port but only a road, which in the time of any unseasonable wether or tempest is very dangerous, by reason whereof, the Mariners were forced to cast Anchor two furlongs from the shore riding in much danger, for the Bellow went so high that it was great marvel the ships and men had not out of hand been overthrown and drowned. And to land could they not get either with boat or man, which land also belonged to the enemy: and that which was worse, their fresh water failed, and they driven to such need, that if the tempest had continued but one day longer, they had all died of thirst. While they were in this despair looking for present death, suddenly the wind calmed & anon they descried Antigone his army encamped not far from the Navy: wherefore they came on land, & there refreshed them certain days, attending some good news of the rest of their ships. In this tempest perished three Galleys, but by good hap many of the Soldiers were saved and came on land. From thence departed Antigone, and encamped within two furlongs of Nile. But Ptolemy already advertised of the enemies coming, had thoroughly furnished all the forts and blockhouses which fronted on the enemy, with strong and mighty garrisons● and sent certain in small pinnaces, with commandment that they should row near and make proclamation that so many as would come and serve him, he would give liberal wages and gentle reteynoure, to say to every common Soldier two mines a day, 
A Mine was a coin amongst the Greeks of two sorts, the one called Mina Attica Solonis, in value of our money xlvij. s. xj. d. the other named Mina vetus worth xxxv s. and xj d. farthing.  and to every Captain or any other which had charge, a Talon a day. By reason of which proclamation most of Antigone his Mercenary soldiers minded to serve Ptolemy: and amongs them many captains also for diverse occasions desired to serve him, so that Antigone seeing his Soldiers daily steal from his camp, was enforced to set strong guard and watch all alongst the river side, with great store of shot and engines to stop the enemy for coming on land, and grievously punished certain of those which were taken going to the enemy, to the end to put the rest in terror and fear. Demetre also with those few ships he had, 
A Talon: of Talon es were divers sorts, one worth five hundred pound, one of. cc● li. but the common ● alent of xl li.  entered an arm of the river Nile, which ran into the Sea, called the false port, thinking there to land a number of his Soldiers. But when he found it guarded with a lusty garrison, and that he was with shot and all other kind of engines repulsed, and the night drawing on, retired, and commanded all the Captains of the ships to follow the Admiral by the light in the main top sailing directly to the other entry of Nile, called Phenitique. When day was come, because many of his ships had miss their course, he was driven to stay for them, & sent out his Brigantines to seek and haste them forward. Wherefore with spending much time in getting them together, Ptolemy who was advertised of the certainty thereof, made speed to guard the said passage, so that he had a great numbered of able fight men, ready arranged in battle upon the shore. When Demetre see them thus furnished, and that the Country next to the said entry was almost all marish ground, he sailed back into the deep, where immediately arose such a great wind which so violently drove them towards the shore that uj Galleys and as many Barks, which carried men of war, with the vehemency of the wether were run on land under Ptolomees power, and the rest with strength of oars rowed against the wind to the place where Antigone encamped. When Ptolemy had thus furnished all the passages of the Sea with strong garrisons, and the entry of Nile with ships, shot and men, Antigone was in great fear. For once Demetre his Navy at Sea served to no purpose to enter the mouth of Peluse, being so well guarded and kept: again the army by land could no way pass, by reason of the swelling and rising of the river: and that which was worse, they had so long traveled, that they wanted victuals both for men and horses. When the soldiers for the causes above said, begun to murmur and grudge, Antigone assembled his army and took counsel and advise of his Captains, whether it were more expedient to tarry and continue his enterprise, or presently to return into Syrie, and come again at some other more convenient time, when he were better appointed and the river Nile fallen lower. But when he see them all of mind and accord, he broke up the camp and speedily returned into Syrie by land, having his Navy sailing by him all alongst the coast. As soon as Ptolemy had intelligence of their departure, he was right glad, making to the Gods great sacrifices, and to his friends honourable feasts and banquets, signifying also Seleuke, Lysimache and Cassander by his letters, of his adventure and good luck, and the revolt of Antigone his Soldiers to him. This done, thinking that he had now the second time by arms recovered and gotten the Country of Egypt: and last of all, that he might by just title and conquest of war hold and keep it, returned to Alexandrie.   

¶ Of certain exploits of war between the Romans and Samnites.  
The ten Chapter.  

Dionise.  THe same season after Dionise Tyrant of the city of Heracle in the country of Pont, had reigned xxxij. years, he died: 
Zatras.  and his two children Zatras & Clearche succeeded, 
Clearche.  who reigned after him xvij years. And the self same year the Samnites won of the Romans the cities of Sore and Acye, and them sacked and spoiled: again the Roman Consuls entered the City of Lapige, and after besieged the city of Silue, which the Samnites had long kept and garrisoned, but in the end the Romans took it by assault, butined all their goods, & ransomed above .v. thousand prisoners. Which done, they spoiled the Region of the Samnites, cut down the wood, and burned the Towns and villages. For the Romans thought, because the same Nation had already many years contended with them for the Empire and rule, that if they destroyed their land, they should of force give place and yield unto them. For which cause they for .v. whole months together, burnt and spoiled in their Country all that they could not carry away, in so much that they left not standing in all the Country either house, cottage, tree or bush that might be destroyed, but made the land utterly void and desolate. And this year also they warred on the Egmettes, and by composition took the city of Erusin, and sold the whole territory.   

¶ Demetre by the commandment of his Either, both by Sea and land besieged the City of Rhodes. Of the great and lusty assaults they gave, and the marvelous and honourable defence that the Townsmen made.  
The xj Chapter.  
THe year following that Xenippe governed Athens, and Lucy Posthume and Tyberie Minute were at Rome created Consuls, wars for these occasions were between Antigone & the Rhodians commenced. For the city of Rhodes was then by sea very puissant and strong, and was most wisely governed, and in greater reputation than all the other Cities of Grece. By reason whereof, all the Kings and Princes in those days had an eye thereunto, and endeavoured them to obtain and get their favour and alliance on their side. But the Rhodians who foresaw and considered their common emolument and commodity, gently entertained all the said Princes, and had with every of them a particular league and amity, without entremedling at any hand with any of them in their wars. Whereupon happened, that all the said Princes honoured and cherished them diversly, & with great gifts remunerated and gratified them: by which mean they long lived in tranquillity and wealth. Through which occasion, their power so greatly increased, that they at their own costs and charges enterprised war for the whole state of Grece, against all Pirates, and clearly purged the Seas of all thieves and rovers. But their chiefest and greatest estimation was, that Alexander surnamed the great, most renowned of all Princes of the world of whom remaineth any mention, made so much more account thereof, than of all the other Cities of Grece: so that he gave them the Testament of his whole estate and Empire, to keep, and in all things he might, honoured and greatly advanced the same. And although the Rhodians had in such sort (with all the most puissant Princes & Potentates) lived, that none of them could reasonably complain on them or be aggrieved: yet had they nevertheless far greater amity and familiarity with Ptolemy than with all the rest, because their Merchants had greater traffic and commodity from the country of Egypt than else where, and the greater part of the city lived and was maintained by the merchandise of the said country. Which thing Antigone understanding, did all that in him lay to turn the trade and intercourse of Merchandise thence,  
Wherefore after his son had warred upon Ptolemy in Cypress, he sent his Ambassadors towards them, praying their aid and to send their ships to Demetre his son. But when he see they would not hear him, he sent one of his Sea Captains with certain number of ships in that quarter, commanding him to stay and take so many sail of Rhodians as he found sailing into Egypt, and to spoil and rob them of their merchandise. But the Rhodians thereof advertised, drove him quickly back, and chased him quite from those Seas. Whereupon Antigone took his occasion to say that they were the authors of the war. So he with many minatorie terms menaced them, and vaunted and bragged that he would with his so mighty a power come against them, & that he would besiege their city. Whereof the Rhodians advertised, decreed to do him great honours in their city, sent great Ambassades to him, praying him not to enforce them to make war against Ptolemy, nor yet to break their promiss and alliance which they had with him. Antigone gave a fierce and stern answer, and therewith sent Demetre his Son with a great army, store of engines and artillery to besiege and beat down the city. Whereupon they were astonished, so fearing the great power of the King, that they sent to Demetre, declaring that they were ready and content to go with Antigone to war upon Ptolemy. Who nevertheless was scarcely content therewith, but demanded an hundred hostages of the chief and principal of the city to be delivered him, and also to have his Navy received into their Ports. Which demand made them greatly suspect, that he went about to make himself Lord of the Town, & therefore made all the preparation they could for their defence. When Demetre had assembled his army at the port of Elorym, he trimmed his Navy to sail to the siege of Rhodes, in which were two hundred Galleys of sundry moulds, and of other ships to carry men and victuals. Clxx. and in them above xl M. soldiers, besides an innumerable number of armours, shot of all sorts, and all other engines of battery. There were beside above a thousand Foists and Barks of Merchants and diverse other sundry kind of people, who followed the Camp to traffic. For knowing that the Rhodians had been long without wars, they thought there would be such store of wealth in the Country, whereby the Merchants should be great gainers. When Demetre had set all things in readiness, he went to Sea, and so ordered his ships as though he would fight. And first he placed his Galleys in the first front & in their noses he couched great engines, which shot great sharp arrows of wood three spans about: next them came the ships which carried the horses which were haled out by the Galleys and other small pinnaces rowed with oars. In the latter float came the Pirates and Merchants aforesaid, so that all the Sea between the city and the firm land was covered with ships: which sight sore dismayed and troubled the citizens. Nevertheless they with their Soldiers and so many as were able to bear arms, manned their walls and bulwarks, awaiting the approach of the enemy, and the old people and children were set in the garrets and highest places of the houses to behold them, for the city stood so upon the Sea, like unto a Theatre, that they might clearly see the hugeness of the ships, and the brave glistering armours and helms, which was a terrible thing to see, and that made them careful of their estate and City. Shortly after, Demetre landed and encamped before the city without danger of the shot, & incontinent after he had pitched his camp, sent out his Pirates & another company throughout the Isle, to spoil and rob it both by sea and land: And further himself caused to fell the trees & pull down the houses in the fields to make and build up the lodgings and fortifications in his Camp, which he with a triple of wood & earth fortified, that it might be the stronger against the force and power of the enemy. He likewise filled the void ground and places betwixt the City, & the port: and left at the Sea side only a space for the Navy to ride in. In the mean while the Rhodians sent many and sundry times Ambassadors to pray him not to do them any hurt. But when they perceived he would give them no reasonable answer, they sent to Ptolemy, Caslander, and Lysimache, requiring them to come to the aid and secure of the city, which for their quarrel was besieged and oppressed. During this time, it was put to choice of the inhabitants within the city able to bear armour, aswell Citizens as foreigners, whether they would tarry and abide the danger of the siege, or else depart the town: and so many as would not tarry, as also those which were unmeet for the defence thereof, they excluded the city, f● reséeing that their victuals thereby should last longer, and that no man should say he was there against his will besieged, and so not content therewith, might devise and imagine some treason or villainy against the City. This done, they mustered the remnant, which were about six thousand Citizens, and above a thousand strangers. They moreover made and published a Decree, wherein was agreed, that all the slaves which valiantly served in the same siege, should with the common treasure be bought & set at liberty: and that their bodies slain in those wars, should be interred, their Fathers, mothers, wives and children at the despence and cost of the City maintained, their daughters with the money of the common treasure endowed, and the men children when they were out of their minority, crowned and armed in the theatre with all such solempnities as sometime were done to Dionise, to the end their Citizens should with greater courage defend and maintain the city. When they had thus by an whole and common consent accorded, the rich men disbursed money, the artisans and workmen laboured to make armours, engines and other things necessary for their defence, so that in effect every man according to his calling, in that he was most skilful and excellent, did his best: some made Crossbows and engines, other repaired and strengthened the walls, and the greater sort carried stones and earth to the curtain. They sent also out of the Port three of the lightest ships & best sailors, to give an alarm to the enemy, and especially unto the victuallers, who much more exploited than they thought them able: for they sunk many Merchants ships which followed the camp to traffic spoil, and buy the pillage, and brought a great number into the port, which they after burnt, and took many prisoners, of whom, they according to the appointment & conclusion in that behalf, between Demetre and them accorded and agreed upon, took a great sum of money, which was this, that the prisoners taken on either side should be ransomed as followed. 
A drachm is about the value of our Groat.  First that a free man should pay a thousand Dragmes, and a bond man .v. hundred.  
When Demetre had prepared and gotten abundance of all things, he built two great tortoises made of boards and covered with leather that would not burn, the one to defend his Soldiers from the stones, the other to defend them from quarrels and such like shot, which two engines were set upon two ships of burden joined and grappeled together an equal distance the one from the other. He caused also to be set upon two other ships, two towers of wood, every of them having four stages or stories much higher than the towers within the port to assail and batter them with great artillery & other shot. He made also a notable rampire of great timber hollowed-nayled and pinned together, which swam four feet above the water, as a defence before the ships which carried the towers and engines and great artillery: because the ships of the Town (which were great and mighty) should not board them with their beaks, and so quash and break them, or else utterly repulse them. In the mean time while these things were brought to an end, he picked out his strongest Barks and furnished them with thick plan● hers made out with great windows, which served in stead of Port holes to open and shut, at which he placed great mighty crossbows and other artillery which shot great arrows and far of, and men also cunning in the handling of them, besides a great number of other archers and Arbalisters of the country of Crete. All which preparations thus made as aforesaid: after the said ships and engines were approached the wall within danger of the shot, he sore hurt and galled the towns men which manned and defended the towers and Bulwarks in the port. When the Rhodians see that all the force and power of the enemy was bend against the port, they with all their study devised how to defend it. Whereupon they planted two engines of Artillery upon a Bulwark adjoining to the port, and other three engines upon three ear●● cques near the entry of the little haven, wherein were men, crossbows, shot, stones & other things necessary, of great force to withstand and repulse the enemy, were it either to set men on land to win the said bulwark, or else to approach their engines of Artillery. They also built and set up upon the other carracques which lay in the great Port, certain receptacles of weapons to shoot, meet for the engines, called bolts. And as either part had made ready all things for the fight, and that Demetre purposed forthwith to approach and bring near his engines of battery of the entries of both Ports, suddenly arose a great tempest at Sea, which lasted and continued until night. But when night came and the wind calmed, he secretly sailed about the haven until he came to the great Bulwark above in the great Port, and won that, being from the walls of the city about .v. acres, & fortified it with strong rampires and deep trenches of stone and wood, and thrust into it four hundred soldiers well purveyed of all kind of shot. But so soon as day appeared, he with great noise of men and Trumpets brought near his engines to the port, and with his crossbows and other small artillery, hurt and slew the garders of the rampires of the port. And with his greater engines he so battered the Wall, that there he broke some and there overthrew some, because it was neither very strong, nor yet high. Nevertheless the Citizens all the whole day right valiantly repulsed them, where was on either side great slaughter and mischief given and taken. And after it began to draw towards night, Demetre retired and haled back his ships with his engines of battery, out, and from the danger of the shot. Then the Townsmen fraught their cocks with dry wood and such like stuff, and pursued the said engines, and so soon as they were come near, they cast fire into the ships. Notwithstanding they were enforced to retire, both because of the rampire before mentioned, which swam above the water, & also by reason of the shot wherewith they were by the enemy galled. But when they see they could do no good, some quenched the fire of the boats wherein they were, and then returned into the Port, and the rest which could not, let all burn and leapt into the Sea, and by swimming saved themselves. The next day in the morning Demetre by Sea a fresh assaulted the port, and at one instant with as great noise of men and Trumpets as was possible, attempted the walls of the town round about, thinking thereby so to affray the townsmen (being on every side assaulted) that they would leave defending of the curtain and come to some treaty, who for their parts meant nothing less, but valiantly sustained all the atteintes & assaults that were given, during viii. days. When Demetre see he could not daunt the courages of the defendants, he caused to be planted upon the top of their Bulwark which he had won about the great Port, his greatest artillery, which shot stones as weighty as three Talents, wherewith he flanked and battered the curtain between the Towers, and the Towers also. During this broil certain of Demetre his Soldiers had won the top of the Wal right over the port: but the Rhodians in such numbered came thither, that they slew very many of them, and stoutly repulsed the rest. For they were but a few men, and the place for the Rhodians of such advantage, because it was steep and hard to mount unto, that they so oppressed the Demetrians with stones, which were cast down upon them, and so galled them with shot out of the houses standing near the Wall, that the Mariners (who brought the assaillaunts) were enforced to run on ground their ships, and retire to the Soldiers on land, whereupon incontinent the townsmen sallied out, took and carried away all such ornaments as they found in the poops of the ships, and after set them all on fire. Amongs this entrefactes Demetre his Soldiers sailed about the town and set up ladders all alongst the sea side, and violently assailed them, and the Soldiers on land did the like, so that there were many which without fear adventured marvelous dangers and sealed the very tops of the walls. again, the defendants so marvelously advanced themselves, and so stoutly defended, that they slew many which were gotten up, and hurt a great numbered, whom they took prisoners, amongs which were certain of the principallest Captains and honourablest personages of the Campe. After this assault and slaughter, Demetre ritired his own ships into the road where the rest lay, and his engines of battery, which at the two assaults were sore browsed and torn and new trimmed and amended them. When the Rhodians had thus repulsed the enemy, they interred the bodies of their people and sacrificed to the Gods the armours and beaks of the enemies ships, and for the space of vij days in all corners repaired their Walls sore battered and broken down. During which time Demetre new built and again trimmed his engines. When Demetre had the seven. day set in good order all his whole business a fresh to assault it, he came directly with his ships well furnished against the haven, for to win it was his only study, because he would cut them from victuals. And when he was with in an arrow shot approached the Port, he began violently to set upon the Rhodian ships with fire brands and other fire works, whereof he had plenty, and with long bows and crossbows slew many which manned and defended the curtain, and with his great artillery sore battered and shaked the Walls. Nevertheless, the Rhodians in this fight took such pains to defend their ships, that they clearly extinguished the fire. And the Captains and Chief of the town fearing the winning of the port and City, exhorted all the lustiest Soldiers, at that pinch stoutly to stand to it or else never, which thing they speedily did. And amongs other things they enbarqued in three of their tallest ships the most hardy and valiant men they had, commanding them with all their force to board with their beaks or Galley noses on the enemy which bore the engines of battery, and drown them, who (notwithstanding all the shot which came against them) so violently ran upon the enemy, that they first broke the rampire which swam upon the water before the ships, and after so lustily boarded them which carried the engines, that the water broke in on every side and drowned two of the greatest engines. Nevertheless the third was by the Galleys haled out and carried back. When the Rhodians see all things prosper thus well, they waxed so proud and bold, that needs they would pursue the third engine amidst the enemy: wherefore they were so surprised, assailed and overthrown, by reason of the numbered of the enemies ships: that Exaceste Chieftayne of the band, 
Exaceste.  and Captain of one of the Galleys, was very sore hurt, and in the end taken & a great number of the rest leapt into the Sea and so were saved: and of three Galleys the one taken, and the other two escaped. After this assault Demetre made an other engine of battery thrice so great as the first: but as he was sailing towards the Port, there arose such a wind, that the ships and engine were all drowned. When the Rhodians see such opportunity, they sallied out of the Town and assailed the Bulwark about the port, which a while was manfully defended. But when they see their aid taken and cut of from them by reason of the tempest, and the Rhodians continually relieved with fresh men, so oppress them, that they were forced to yield, being within above four hundred Soldiers. After this victory, great aid arrived at the city, to say, from Gnose Cl. men, and out of Egypt from Ptolemy more than v. hundred: amongs whom were some Rhodians which served and had entertainment of Ptolemy. In this sort was the siege of Rhodes.   

¶ Of two victories by the Romans had upon the Samnites.  
The twelve Chapter.  
IN this season the Romans wan victory against the Palinians and expulsed them their land, 
Palinians.  and bestowed the City on such as favoured them & took their part. But after the Consuls understood that the Samnites kept the territory and country of Phaleritide, 
Phaleritide.  and it wasted and spoiled, they made out and vanquished them in battle, in which they wan above twenty ensigns and took above two thousand prisoners. After the Consuls had taken by assault the City of Vole, Gellie Gay Chieftayn of the Samnites came against them with six thousand Soldiers, whom the Consuls likewise vanquished & took him prisoner, slew the one half of his men, & took the rest prisoners. 
Sore.  By mean of which victories the Consuls recovered their towns and cities confederates, 
Arpine.  to say Sore, Arpine, and Saronie. 
Saronie.    

¶ Demetre at many assaults by the Rhodians repulsed, concluded a peace. And departing thence, restoreth to liberty many Cities of Grece. Of the death of King Eumele of Bosphore, and the reign of Spartace his son.  
The xiij Chapter.  
THe year ensuing that Pherocles was Prince of Athens, and Publie Sempronie, and Publie Sulpitie were at Rome created Consuls: And that Andromenes wan the prize in the course at Eley, the. Cxix. of the olympiad. Demetre besieging the Rhodes both by sea and land, and seeing all he did at sea availed him nothing, determined with all his power wholly to besiege it by land. Whereupon amongs other artillery for battery, he built the engine Helepolis before mentioned, and of such hugeness, that the like before had never been seen. The foundation thereof was four square, each way. L. cubits long, made of great square pieces of timber, armed and bound with iron, in the midst were great beams laid over, a cubit between each, to set in men which should thrust and run the engine against a wall. It ran upon eight great and massive wheels, whose axeltrées were two cubits about, armed with mighty iron clouts: and to turn it about, were fine and subtle engines made to remove it whether they would or listed. At the four corners were four great pillars of wood, armed and bound with iron, each of them an hundred cubits high, so leaning and bending one to an other, that the whole building, having in it ix stories or sellers, the lowermost had lx beds, and the uppermost but ix And for defence of the engine against fire and other shot, it was before and on both the sides armed with thick iron plates nailed to with great iron nails. In the front of the stories were windows, out of which they might lay out and shot any kind of artillery that was within. To every window was a cover which opened and shut by cunning and art as occasion served, for surety of the engineers, made of cow hides farsed with wool to break the blow and dint of shot. In every story also were two broad ladders: the one to go up on for carrying of such things as were needful, and the other to come down on, to the end one should not hinder and let another. When the engine was throughlie finished, they chose out three thousand and four hundred of the mightiest and strongest men in the army, to move and drive it: whereof some were thrust in, and the rest stood without at the breach with cables & other things made for the purpose meet to run it forward. He also built Tortoises and covers to defend the other engines of artillery as rams and such like. He forced and cast a trench also covered over, wherein men might go and come in safety from the place where the engines stood, to the place they should be brought. He made his Mariners and Galley slaves likewise to smooth and plain the ground where the engines should be drawn & brought on, being about four furlongs broad, which is half a mile English: over against which place of ground in the wall of the Town stood vij great towers or Bulwarks, and six little Turrets, against which he planted his engines. And although the workmanship was marvelous, and such that in long time it was thought impossible to finish and end, yet had he quickly achieved and brought it to pass, by reason of the great store of workmen he had of all sorts, being xxx thousand or more: all which things in the sight of the Citizens were very terrible. For beside the great multitude of engines and numbered of men which they see, they considered the diligence and violence of Demetre, and his industry in the making of engines of battery, being of himself able to devise more than the Masters of the mystery and occupation had either wit or skill to find out. 
The description and commendation of Demetre.  By reason whereof they named him Poliorcete, which is in the Greek tongue, a besieger and overthrower of cities. He was amongs all in that reputation, and thought to be such a one, that there was not so strong a wall in the world able to stand against him and his engines. He was of parsonage and stature tall, and thereto well proportioned & made, so that he seemed a stout and noble Champion: he had beside so good a grace, so gentle and courteous entertainment, that all strangers which came where he was, seeing his comeliness of body, his grace, majesty and royal attire, did thereat much marvel, and would follow him for the pleasure they had to behold him. Besides his comely stature, gesture & beauty, he was of that magnanimity & haughty courage, that as he made little estimate of the meaner sort of people, even so also made he small account of the Princes of war & Potentates. In time of peace his property was to be very familiar with his Soldiers, to banquet them oft, and many times play with them, which bred him great favour and love. To be short he forced to follow in all points the manners and conditions of Dionise, accordingly as is of him written, & in the wars he was so aware and painful, that there was not one within his camp who less rested in body or spirit, so that under his conduct were made the greatest engines of artillery and greatest shot that ever were seen or heard. He had also at Sea the most huge and mighty ships after that siege and after his Father's death, that ever were built or seen.  
When the Rhodians see the great furniture and preparation that he made to come against them, they built and set up within the uttermost wall for their defence, a countermure of stone, least the first Wall should be sore battered and shaken. For performance whereof, to have store of stone, they pulled down the wall which encompassed the Theatre, and many houses joining thereto: besides certain temples, vowing (to the Gods in whose honour they were built and consecrated) that they would build and set up much beautifuller Temples, if they escaped that siege. They armed moreover ix tall ships, and sent them out of the port, either to sink or bring in so many of the enemies as they encountered, that they might be Masters of the Sea, which ships were into three parts divided: whereof the three called the Scoult, 
Demophile.  Demophile had charge and sailed directly to the Isle Carpathe, 
Carpathe.  where they found a great many sails of the enemy, some of which after long fight they sunk, and brought away the rest to the Port of Rhodes, and after set them on fire. But a great numbered of the chief and principal Soldiers and Mariners which were in them● that went to rob and spoil the fruits and commodities of the Isle, they kept still in prison. Menedore Captain of other three, 
Menedore.  sailed towards the Country of Lycie, 
Patare.  and finding in the port of Patare a great ship unmanned, laden with victuals, for that the Mariners were gone on land, he burned it in their sight, and took beside many other small Barks laden with victuals, which he sent to the Rhodes: he took a Galley also coming out of Cilice, in which amongs other things was found much royal, rich and precious attire, that Phile, Demetre his wife, had sent to her husband, which apparel he sent into Egypt to King Ptolemy, 
Phile.  and brought the Galley into the port of the Rhodes, and ransomed all the men both in that and in the rest. The third Captain named Amynthe, 
Aminthe.  who had charge of the rest, through long sailing, fortuned to descry a numbered of Barks laden with wood and such like stuff to make engines, keeping their course towards the camp, whom he had in chase, some of which he sunk and brought the rest home to Rhodes, having a great numbered of prisoners, amongs whom were xj of Demetre his most excellent engineers. Between these doings the governors of the Town began to animate the commoners to throw down the Images of Antigone and Demetre, which they had set up before the wars in their honour, saying it were no reason that they which held them besieged as enemies, should stand amongs their friends and benefactors. Notwithstanding the people would not consent thereto, but sharply rebuked those which urged and put forward the matter. And surely the people aswell for the honour of the city, as for the profit & commodity thereof, had therein great reason. Which constancy of the Rhodians got not only great commendation and honour amongs all their neighbours & friends, but also amongs all foreigners & strangers which knew it. Again, the assaylaunts seeing their ● ranchise & bounty, repented that ever they came against them: considering they had restored to liberty all the other Cities of Grece, who never had showed any sign or token of benevolence or gratitude towards them. And that City which by experience had manifested so great acknowledging of good will and bounty, they went about utterly to subvert and bring to ruin. Which thing if it had been well and justly considered, was a good occasion for them to have delivered the Rhodians from the great danger they were in. And beside, if peradventure the city had been taken, they might well have answered no breach of peace in them, because they had always desired to have continued amity and friendship with Demetre his father, which of the Rhodians was very wisely and circumspectly considered. But when they were advertised by one who fled from the camp, that Demetre had with his Myoners undermined one corner of the wall, they digged a very deep trench and countermyned the enemy, so that they could no farther pass, but every of them at the entry and mouths of the mines kept diligent watch. And as Demetre was thus undermining to overthrow the curtain, certain of the Demetrians had practised to corrupt Anathagore of Mylete, sent thither by Ptolemy, with the charge of ships as general to the Mylesians, that he would suffer Demetre to enter the City by the mines, whereunto Anathagore accorded. 
Anathagore.  So there was a day taken between them, when Demetre should send one of his chief Captains, whom he promised to thrust into the town by the mines, that he might see how to bring in the rest of the Soldiers without. But after they were agreed upon the practise wherein Demetre had great hope, the Mylesian revealed the matter to the Senate. Notwithstanding at the day prefixed and assigned, Demetre sent one of the friends and domesticals of the King of Macedon, named Alexander, to the said mine, whom the towns men incontinent took prisoner, and after crowned Anathagore with a Crown of gold, and rewarded him with five hundred Talents of silver, to the end to give greater encouragement to the other Mercenaries and strangers within the Town, justly and truly to serve in the said siege. When Demetre see he could thereby nothing prevail, and having finished and made ready all his engines, and plained the way wherein they should be drawn, he planted in the midst the great Helepolis, and the eight Tortoises without rams, he planted on each side the Helepolis four, well covered and porched, and the ways covered from one to another like porches, so that men without danger might pass to and fro. Over and beside these engines he had two other rams of wood, of a marvelous greatness, which were brought thither, each of them six score feet long, and the beaks or points armed with iron like unto the Galley nose, so that there could not be fewer than a thousand men to drive and run them against a wall, albeit to conduct and bring them fewer would serve, because they went upon wheels. When he had brought his engines near the Wall, and had appointed in every story of the Helepolis, such number of shot of all sorts as him thought good. He sent to the port and to his men about the Sea and all other quarters of the town, commanding them to approach and seal the wall: And forthwith marched on with the footmen to give the attempt and assault, so that in one moment the town in every corner was assailed, and the walls with great engines of artillery battered, and they which manned the curtains were with quarrels & stones sore hurt: But to see how the Rhodians defended was wonder. While these matters were at this point, and that the assault had long time continued, the Ambassadors of the Guidians came to entreat Demetre for their City to leave of and raise his siege, promising to persuade the Rhodians to perform his demands which with reason might be granted, whereunto he gladly agreed. But after the assault ceased, and that the Ambassadors had long gone about all parts of the curtain, debating with them to and fro to yield and to consider the danger they were in, the King seeing it impossible to persuade them, gave a fresh assault more fierce and terrible than the first, and with his Artillery so beat them, that he battered and overthrew a great square Tower of stone and the wall it stood on all to powder, so that the Soldiers of the town could not that way pass to go to their other towers and defences. Notwithstanding the Attemptaunts (through the wonderful and valiant defence of the Citizens) could not all that day enter the Town. In this mean while arrived at the Haven a great number of barks laden with corn and great plenty of other victuals, by King Ptolemy sent out of Egypt, who with a prosperous wind, sailed a main under all sails, and entered the Haven maugre all Demetre his Navy, who did all that in them lay to bar them the port. And as it were all at one time, certain other ships laden with victuals sent from Cassander and Lysimache, arrived. Whereupon the Citizens which before were in great fear and necessity, took now such courage, that they wholly determined to sally out on the enemy and set on fire their engines. And thereupon they made great provision of dry wood and such other stuff for fire works: & when they had appointed all their shot to that side on the wall where the engines were planted, they which were put out of the Town began about midnight all at one throw to cast fire in diverse sort against the engines and their garders; and the Soldiers from the curtain so lustily applied them with shot, which came to the rescous, that the whole army was in marvelous terror, as of a thing not precogitated or thought on. But the Demetrians fearing the burning and spoil of all their Engines, fiercely ran to their rescue, and by reason of the darkness of the night, the fire carriers being always in sight, were very sore hurt and stricken down, because they could not in the dark avoid the shot which came on them. Nevertheless, after the Rhodians had once perceived that the plates of iron wherewith the great Helepolis was armed were fallen of, they then in all they might, cast fire about the bare & naked places. But they within diligently quenched the fire with water which they had for the purpose made ready. Howbeit when Demetre see the fire still increase, & fearing the consummation of all his engines, he caused them at the sound of the Trumpette to be drawn away by those who had the charge. The next day in the morning he commanded his Soldiers to gather together all the shot which came out of the Town, to the end he would have a guess what furniture they had within, which thing was speedily done: and by the report that was made, they conjectured to be within, engines of artillery, for fire works, above eight hundred of diverse bigness: and of other artillery as crossbows and such like, above a thousand. Wherefore when he had seen such plenty of shot in so short time, in one night, he greatly wondered at the marvelous wealth and dispense of the City, and yet he more wondered at their furniture. Nevertheless, after he had taken order for the burying of the dead and healing of the hurt men, he then repaired and amended his engines of artillery.  
During which time the Citizens being at rest and without danger of battery, made a cross wall within the Town, enuironning all that part of the wall which was in danger, and beside cast a deep trench at the corner of the Wall which was beaten down, to stay the King, that he should not by any great or impetuous force entre the City by assault. They sent out also secretly Amynthe with a number of their fittest sailors, who before any thing was perceived, had gotten the coast of asia, right over against the Isle where Demetre had three tall and mighty ships, which the Pirates had brought in the aid of the King, whom he there boarded, and after a while fight, took them and all that were a board, amongs whom he had Thimocles Prince of the Pirates. He took beside these, many other small Barks laden with victuals, coming towards the camp, all which he brought by night into the Rhodes without knowledge of the enemy. Soon after that Demetre had repaired and amended his engines of battery, he again brought them as near the wall as was possible, and with great force of shot, repulsed all that stood to the defence and towers of the curtain, and with his rams & other engines of battery, so sharply battered them, that he threw down two Turrets. Howbeit, the Soldiers of the Tower or Bulwark that stood between the two Turrets, defended it so valiantly, that it was nothing shaken: nevertheless many of the Soldiers were slain and Ananie Captain thereof. 
Ananie.  Amongs these enterfacts Ptolemy had again sent another fleet laden with asmuch corn and other necessary things as before, with a thousand Soldiers under the conduct of Antigone the Macedonian. 
Antigone.  In this mean while arrived before Demetre above. L. Ambassadors sent by the Athenians and other cities of Grece, desiring him to conclude an inviolable peace with the Rhodians and raise his siege, whereunto he agreed, and for certain days the Ambassadors and diverse other messengers were sent on all hands to treat a peace, but in the end they agreed not, so that the Ambassadors returned without conclusion. After their departure he by treason determined to win the City, and by night to thrust in his Soldiers at the great breach. And thereupon he chose out a thousand of his valiantest and best trained Soldiers, commanding them about midnight, fair and easily without noise, to approach the Wall on that side: & the rest he arranged in order of battle, and at that very instant with so great noise as might be, gave an assault round about the town, both by sea and land. And incontinent they which were charged to enter the breach, violently rushed in, and slew the watch which guarded the trench, so that they entered the town, and meant to win the Bulwarks and Bastils standing about the Theatre. When the governors of the Rhodians understood the case, and seeing all the City in great terror and marvelous fear, they commanded them which manned the Port and Walls, not once to remove from their charge, but valiantly stand to the defence thereof, and they with a numbered of picked men and trained Soldiers, and those newly come out of Egypt, went against the enemy that had entered the breach: but during the night, no great exploit was done. About the dawning Demetre gave a sign as well to those Soldiers which assailed the port, as to all the rest, at one present to make a great shout and noise, to encourage them which were entered and had won the Bulwarks and Bastils about the Theatre. When the shout and noise was heard, women, children, and all the weak company began to cry, howl and weep, as if the city presently had been taken. But the lusty and courageous Soldiers, valiantly assailed the enemy entered, who very long right stoutly defended, so that on each side were a great number slain. But in the end, the Townsmen still relieved aswell with fresh men as also men of valiant and lusty courages: for that it than stood upon the hazard of the loss of them and their City, and contrariwise the force of the enemy decreasing, they so stoutly after charged the Demetrians, that they slew in honourable fight Alcime and Mancie the two Captains of those bands, 
Alcime. Mancie.  and the greater number of their Soldiers, the rest they took prisoners, except a few which fled that way they entered, and returned to Demetre. Notwithstanding a great number of the Citizens were slain, amongs whom was Prytame of Demotele, 
Pritame.  a man greatly renowned for his valiance and martial policies. After this assault, Demetre yet had a greater affiance and hope to take it than before. Wherefore he again furnished him to give a fresh assault. But in the mean while he received letters from his father, which willed him to conclude with the Rhodians so honourable a peace as he could. Wherefore he attended and espied some occasion to come to an honest composition & agreement with them. again Ptolemy had addressed his letters to the Citizens, letting them to wit, that he would send a new supply of three thousand men, notwithstanding counselling them that if they might come to any gracious and favourable composition, not to refuse it. Which letters seen and read, they all were inclined to peace. It happened the self same time that the Etholians had sent their Ambassadors to Demetre, to entreat a peace: who after many intercourses between one an other, a final peace was there concluded as followeth.  

The conclusion of the peace.  First, that the Rhodians should be at liberty, and live after their old accustomed manner, and not to be enforced to take in or keep any garrison.  
Also that they should continue and remain friends and Allies with Antigone, with all, and against all, except Ptolemy.  
Item, for assurance and confirmation thereof, they should deliver an hundred hostages, such as Demetre would choose out, except and always reserved the officers.  
In this sort the Rhodians after they had sustained and abidden one whole years siege, were delivered. And so many as bare them in that siege valiantly and manfully, were continually ever after highly honoured and largely remunerated with many great gifts. And all the slaves who had well served, were bought of their Lords, set at liberty, enfranchised and made Citizens. They caused also in their Theatre the Images of Cassander and Lysimache, to be installed, and diverse other of less honour and dignity, who had them in that siege aided. And because they would honour Ptolemy more than all the rest, they sent into Lybie to the God Hammon, to inquire if it were lawful for them to honour the said Ptolemy as a God. And when they had answer from the Oracle, that they might not, they built and set up a Temple in his honour within the City, four square like a Cloistre, a furlong each way, which they called the Temple of Ptolemy. They likewise repaired their Theatre and all the places of the Walls beaten down, much fairer and stronger than before. And after the conclusion of the peace, Demetre with his whole army took shipping, and following his Father's commandment, sailed alongst the Isles, and arrived at the port of Aulide, 
Aulide.  in the Country of Beoce: being commanded to deliver the Cities of Grece: many of which during the siege, were by Cassander and Polispercon rob and spoiled. And at his first arrival, he delivered the City of Calcide, 
Calcide.  by the Beotians garrisoned, and constrained the said Beotians to forsake the amity of Cassander, and after alliaunced with the Etholians, against Polispercon and Cassander, and upon them arreared wars. In this season died Eumele King of Bosphore, 
Eumele.  after he had reigned six years, 
Spartacke.  and after him succeeded Spartace his Son, who reigned twenty years.   

¶ The conclusion of a peace betwixt the Romans and Samnites, & certain other their neighbours, and of their subduing the Asculaines.  
The xiiij Chapter.  
IN the same year was treated and concluded a peace between the Romans and Samnites, after the wars had between them, continued xxij years and six months. That done, Sempronie one of the Consuls took from the Asculains in. L. days. L. Cities, and enforced them to submit to the Signiory and obeisance of the Roman Empire, and after returned to Rome, where he was with great triumph received. And soon after, the Roman people made peace and alliance with the Marians, Palians and Marucians'.   

¶ Demetre by force and treaty taketh many Cities of Grece, and diverse other render to him: all which he restoreth to their ancient accustomed liberty.  
The xu Chapter.  
THe year ensuing when Leostrate governed Athens, and the Serie Cornele & Lucy Genuce at Rome were created Consuls, Demetre arreared wars against Cassander, to restore the Cities of Grece to liberty: and before all other things to set a stay about the affairs of the same Country, aswell for that it seemed to him good in doing the same, to get great glory and renown, as also for that he determined to discomfit Cassander's army in Prepelaye, 
Prepelay●.  & after to go with his whole power against the said Cassander. And first he came before the city of Sicione, 
Sicione.  the deputy whereof was a noble and chivalrous Captain of Ptolomes', named Philip, who being by night suddenly surprised, was repulsed and enforced with all his Soldiers to retire into a very great and strong Citadel. When Demetre had thus taken the town, he encamped between the town and Citadel, and planted his engines of battery against the same. Wherefore the defendants seeing them without aid and succour, yielded, upon such composition as they might, and so from thence went to sea and sailed into Egypt. When Demetre had won the Citadel, he transferred the Citizens thither, & razed the one part of the city joining to the Port, because it was to strong: so he holp the Citizens with his money to build and repair the Citadel, and therewith restored them to liberty. By which occasion they adjudged him yearly go● lie honours, to weet, sacrifices, assembles, solemn processions and combats, and named the city Demetriade, and did him many other honours as if he had founded the city. But the variety of time, the mutations and alterations that after happen, make all things uncertain and void. For the Citizens seeing that the situation of the Citadel (whereunto they were removed) was much more commodious and pleasant to inhabit than the ancient city, kept it always ever after, even to these days. For the place was great and roumie, and above plain and smooth, but round about so knaggy & hanging, that the ways were inaccessible, and subject on no side to battery. Therein were also great store of springs and fountains, wherewith they watered their gardens. In this sort then (through the King's providence) they were in great surety and in a very pleasant place. When Demetre had set in good stay the affairs of of the Sycionians, he marched with his whole army against the City of Corinthe, whereof Prepelaye a Captain of Cassander's was deputy. And at his firsts coming, by mean of the intelligence which he had by certain of the Citizens, he entered the Town in the night through a postern. But the Soldiers within, saved themselves in two forts standing at the ends of the Town: the one of which was named Sysiphe, and the other acrocorinth. Notwithstanding he through great pain and ● ravel, wan by force Sysiphe, and by composition took the other: because the attempts and assaults, by reason o● the great industry of his Engines of Artillery, and his marvelous care and diligence therein used, where intolerable. Which done, and that he had set the city at liberty, the Citizens were well contented he should put in a garrison into the Bastill of acrocorinth, for defence of their City, and there to keep them until such time as he had descomfited and overthrown Cassander. And after Prepelaye had shamefully been expulsed Corinthe, he took his way to Cassander. When Demetre had thus wrought against Corinthe, he departed thence, pursuing his victory by the other Cities of Peloponnese, where by force he took Bute, and restored the citizens to their ancient liberty, 
Bute.  and from thence went to Scyre, 
Scyre.  and there did the like, and expulsed Cassander's Soldiers. Then went he against the City of Orcomenye in the region of Arcady, 
Orcomenie.  and there talked with Strombicke deputy for Polispercon, 
Strombicke.  to render it. But when he see it would not be, and that he used stout and arrogant words, he planted his engines, and battered and overthrew the walls of the City, and took it by force, and caused the said Strombicke and eight hundred of his soldiers to be carried out of the city as utter enemies, and there to be hanged: and waged and divided amongs his bands, the Mercenary Soldiers, being about two thousand. After he had thus done, the rest which held the cities and towns near hand, having no news or hope to be succoured by Cassander, Prepelaye, nor Polispercon: and considering that the King was so stored with engines of artillery and men, that they were not able to withstand his so mighty power, yielded their cities.   

¶ The Tarentines desire Cleonyme the Lacedaemonian to aid them against the Lucaines': of the villainies and lecheries he committeth, and after two mischiefs which in one time betide him, he retireth into Corcyre.  
The xuj Chapter.  
WHile the Tarentines warred all this time upon the Lucaines' & Romans in Italy, they sent their Ambassadors to the Lacedæmonians, into the city of Sparte, praying them, that they would send them Cleonime to be their Leader and General, 
Cleonyme.  with a certain numbered of men: which thing the Lacedæmonians readily granted them. And shortly after Cleonyme levied in the country of Laconie, about .v. thousand men, with whom he took shipping and sailed to Tarent, and arriving there, he levied an other numbered of men in that country, so that he had well near about twenty thousand footmen, and two thousand horse, amongs which were many Greeks, lying then in Italy. Of this so great assemble, the Lucaines' were in such terror, that they grew to an agreement with the Tarentines. Howbeit, the Metapontines forced not their power, for which cause Clonime by the consent of the Tarentines, suddenly assailed them. Wherewith he put them in such fear, that they suffered him under the colour of friendship, to enter the city, but after he was entered, he exacted of them above six hundred Talents, and took two hundred of the beautifullest maids within the Town, under the Title & name of hostages: but truth was, it was to satiate his lecherous desire and beastly lust, so as in that and also in diverse other things he evidently declared his monstrous and abominable villainies. For besides that, he lest wearing of his Grecian apparel, and appareled him after the manner of the most lascivious and effeminate country. again, so many as rendered upon his faith & promiss, to be assured, he made bond. And in deed when he had so goodly and mighty an army, he did nothing worthy and beseaming a citizen of Sparte. He also took on hand to indict wars to Agatocles in Sic●● e, to enlarge his tiranny● and to restore the Sicilians to their ancient liberty, but he to much delayed and deserred his said enterprise, and before he went thither, took his journey to Corcyre, and brought the city under his obeisance, of which he levied a great sum of gold and silver & garrisoned it, meaning to keep that as a receptacle or refuge, whereby he might always be at hand, to mark & ● spy out the affairs and doings of the Grecians. And during the time of his abode there, the Ambassadors of Demetre, and after the Ambassadors of Cassander came to him, each of them praying his alliance. Howbeit, he would not grant either to one or an other, but being advertised that the Tarentines and their neighbours rebelled, left sufficient numbered in Corcyre, & with the rest took shipping and sailed with all speed into Italy, to the end to be revenged of the rebels. So he arrived at a city named Tyrice, by the Barbarians kept, and by force took it, sacked it, and foraged the territory thereof: the like did he to an other City named Tripole, where he took above three thousand prisoners. After this, the Barbarians in that quarter assembled and by night assailed him in his camp, and there slew above two hundred Soldiers, and took above a thousand prisoners. Not long after chanced him an other loss at Sea, for (through a tempest that suddenly arose) he lost twenty sail, of those which rid nearest his camp, at which mishaps he was so greatly astonished, that he retired with the rest of his army and Navy into Corcyre.   

¶ Cassander and Lysimache attending aid from Ptolemy and Seleuke, begin to war upon Antigone, the one in Thessaly, the other in asia, and do take from him certain Towns, Cities and Castles.  
The xvij Chapter.  
THe year following that Nycocles governed Athens, and Mark Livy and Mark Elye were at Rome created Consuls, Cassander King of Macedon, seeing the country of Grece wax strong, and doubting that all the war in the end would be transferred against the country of Macedon, he was thereof so careful, that he sent his Ambassadors to Antigone in Asie, to treat a peace with him, who answered, that there was but one way for him to avoid the wars, which was to submit his person and whole estate to him: with which answer he was sore abashed. Wherefore he sent into Thrace to Lysimache, praying him to come over, that they might together consult of his estate. For in all his affairs and weighty business, he always accustomed to sand for him to communicate with him of them, and also to desire his aid, aswell for that he was a noble and valiant man, as also because he was near neighbour to the country of Macedon. After Cassander and Lysimache had long consulted and debated together of their business, they determined to send their Ambassadors to King Ptolemy in Egypt, and to Seleuke, governor and ruler of the higher regions, to declare to them of Antigone his proud and arrogant words: and how that the hazard of that victory was common to them all. For if he were seized on the realm of Macedon, such was his desire of Dominion and rule, thinking him to have no peer, that he would drive them every man out of their Countries, as they had by experience seen and proved. Wherefore it was meet and necessary, to join all together, and with one common accord war upon him. To which admonitions, Ptolemy and Seleuke soon agreed, and promised each of them to send a mighty power of men to resist the said Antigone, if at any time he came to pierce and invade their countries. Howbeit, they determined not to look for him before he came to seek them at home in t● eir own country: and then to prevent him and do some exploit of great weight, they divided them into two bands, the one of which Cassander gave to Lysimache, and with the other himself went into Thessaly, against Demetre and the Greeks. As for Lysimache he passed into Asie, & at his first coming received and got to his amity the Lampsacians and Paryanians, whom he set at liberty, because they yielded to him of their own accord. But he forcibly took the Sigeans, who stood to their defence, and thrust a garrison into their city. This done, he delivered to Prepelaye, one of his principal Captains vij thousand footmen, and a thousand horse to go reduce into his obeisance the Cities of Eolide and jonye, and himself went and besieged Abide. But as he was making preparation with his Engines to assail the town, understanding that Demetre had by Sea sent thither aid sufficient to defend it, he changed his determination and purpose, and departed thence and came into the country of Phryge by Hellespont, and there besieged the city of Synade, wherein stood a strong Castle, 
Synade.  in which Antigone laid up and kept one part of his treasure and richesse. But in the end he so practised with Docime deputy for Antigone, that he delivered the Town and Castle and joined with him against Antigone, and was the cause that certain other forts and Castles rendered, within which likewise Antigone had an other part of his treasure. And Prepelaye who was sent into Eolide and jonye, took as he passed, the City of Adramit, 
Adramit.  and after encamped before Ephese, where he put the Townsmen in such terror, that they rendered to him upon composition, and found in it a hundred Rhodians, which he sent away unransomed and without endomaging the Townsmen any whit at all. Howbeit, he burned all the ships within the Haven, because the enemy was at Sea stronger than he, and the success of that war is yet uncertain and undetermined. After that, he incontinent drew to his alliance the Theians and Colophonians. But the Erythreans and Clazomenians he could not win, because they were spéedly aided by Sea: notwithstanding be made incursions, and rob all their land. After that, he went against the city of Sarde, 
Sarde.  which he by composition took on Phonicke and Docime, Antigone his deputies, and wan them to his alliance. Howbeit, he could not get the castle, because Philip Captain thereof, one of Antigone his chief friends, would not by any practise or devise be won, but honestly kept it for his said Master, who put him in that trust. In this estate where the affairs of Lysimache.   

¶ Antigone cometh against Lysimache, and after he hath him twice besieged, and can not get him out to battle, they are both fain to send their Soldiers in garrisons to winter.  
The xviij Chapter  
THe same season had Antigone made great preparation for the sports, tournaiss, and diverse other pastimes in the city of Antigone. 
Antigone.  For performance whereof, he caused a great numbered of all sorts of people thither to repair, as sword players, wrestlers, and all the most excellent artificers. But after he understood of Lysimache his passing by, and the revolting of his captains, he left of all his sports and pastimes. Nevertheless, to content than that were come thither, he gave above two hundred Talents, to be distributed amongs them, and after departed with his army out of the country of Syrie, making haste to come before the face of the enemy. And after he had gotten to the city of Tarse, 
Tarse.  in the Region of Cilice, he paid all his Soldiers for three Months. And beside carried in silver with him, three thousand Talents: because he would want no money to achieve his enterprises, what so ever should happen. From thence passed he the Mount Thaure, and entered the country of Cappadoce: and from thence into the hire Phrygie, bringing under his subjection the Towns and cities of the said countries, which were revolted. Whereof Lysimache advertised, assembled his captains, and consulted what was best to be done. And in the end considering the great puissance of the enemy, they were all of the opinion, not to join battle, until such time as the aid and succours which Seleuke should send out of the higher Satrapies were come: but still to keep in the strongest places and most of advantage, to fortify their camp strongly, to keep good watch. And to be short, whatsoever seemed for their most advantage, they right wisely performed. For although Antigone approached them & presented battle, yet made they no semblant once to sally out of their camp. Which thing Antigone apperceiving, took and kept certain passages to cut them from their victuals. Whereupon Lysimache fearing famine, & by that mean to be forced to render to the enemy, stole away by night, and without stay traveled four hundred furlongs, until he came to Dorythe, and there pitched his camp: 
Dorythe.  because the place was well purveyed of victuals and all other things necessary, having a river running hard by it, which was a great safeguard and comfort for the army, and entrenched his camp with a broad and deep ditch, and three trenches.  
In the mean season, Antigone advertised of Lysimache his departure, with all diligence pursued him, but before he could overtake him, he might perceive, that he had already fortified his camp. Notwithstanding he a fresh presented him battle, but seeing him that way nothing apt and disposed, commanded his Soldiers to environ the camp of the enemy with trenches, and planted all his Engines against the same, determining there to besiege them. And although the enemy, sore galled, and oftentimes repulsed them with shot, yet had Antigone his Soldiers ever the better: and in short time had almost won their rampire, which Lysimache seeing, and still fearing enclosing and famine, in a foul and rainy night raised his Camp and stole away, without knowledge of the enemy, passing through the places of advantage, alongst the Mountain, by which mean he lost not one man of his army: but dispersed it, and sent them by garrisons to winter. When it was day, Antigone understanding the departure of the enemy, likewise departed and pursued them certain days alongst the plain, costing daily the mountain, but there fell such store of rain, and the ground waxed so miry and deep, that he lost many of his beasts and mares which drew his carriages, and also many men: and the rest were very sore traveled and wearied. Wherefore the King meaning to rest his wearied Soldiers, and seeing winter approach, left pursuing the enemy, and divided his army, sending them into places covenable to winter. But when he understood, that Seleuke was with great puisaunce come out of the hire satraps against him, he sent a friend of his to Demetre his son lying in Grece, commanding him to make speedy return with his whole power, because he greatly feared, that all the rest of the Kings and satraps would suddenly come upon him, and give him battle, before his army were come out of Grece. Lysimache also had divided his men to winter in a champion Country, called Salmone, 
Salmone.  and had great plenty of victuals out of the City of Heracley, 
Heracle.  because of the alliance between him & the Governors of the city by marriage: for he had espoused a Lady named Amistre, 
Amistre.  daughter to Oxiarthe, Niece to the King of Aure, 
Oxiarthe.  whom Alexander had before given to Cratere for wife.   

¶ Demetre cometh into Grece against Cassander, and after certain small exploits on either side done, they grow to a composition. That ended, Demetre goeth into Hellespont, to join with his Father: and of many and diverse other things.  
The xix Chapter.  
THe same season, wherein the matters before spoken of were exploited in asia, Demetre after purposed to celebrate in Eleusine the accustomed annual pastimes and sacrifices of the country, to the end he would there be installed and consecrated. And because it was long to the ordinary day, he sore lay upon the Athenians, and required them, that they would for his love, and in part of recompense of the good turns he had done them, set forward the day: which at his request they did: whereupon he all unarmed, presented himself to the Priests, and being before the usual day installed and consecrated, after the manner and custom of the country, departed from Athens, and came to the city of Calchide, 
Calchide.  in the Isle of Euboye, where he first assembled his ships and footmen. 
Euboye.  And being there, he understood that Cassander's soldiers kept the passages of the country thereby: wherefore he thought it not good to travel into Thessaly by land, but enbarqued his army, and sailed thence, and arrived at the Port of Larisse, where he came on land, 
Larisse.  and first wan the city, & after the castle, and committed the garrison men to prison, and set the Citizens at liberty. After that, he won Pronas and Pteley, 
Pronas. Pteley.  and stayed the Citizens of Dium and Orcomenie, 
Dium.  whom Cassander would have transferred into the city of Thebes, 
Orcomenie.  lest they should go thither. When Cassander see that Demetre his doings still prospered, he thrust greater garrisons into the cities of Phere and Thebes: and with the remnant of his men marched towards him, and encamped as near as was possible. He had in his army xxix thousand footmen, 
The great power on either side.  and two thousand horse. And Demetre had above xu hundred horse eight thousand Macedonian footmen xu thousand Mercenaries xxv thousand Greeks, and above eight thousand Pirates and other light armed men, who came more for spoil than to fight: so that in all he had luj. thousand footmen. When the two armies were in view one of another (although the Soldiers on each side desired battle) yet came they not to joining, because the Chieftains attended and looked for news of the success of the wars in asia. For upon that hung the loss and victory to tall. In the mean time the Phereans had brought secretly into their city Demetre with a certain numbered of his Soldiers, who took and held the Castle: and upon his honour sent away Cassander's Soldiers, with bag and baggage, and after restored the Phereans to liberty. The affairs of Thessaly being in this estate, Demetre received letters from his father, wherein he commanded him forthwith to come to him with his army into Asie: which letters received, and obeying his father's commandment, he concluded a peace with Cassander, always reserving his Father's pleasure for confirmation thereof, because he was assured his father would never agree thereto: but would by arms and dint of sword determine and finish the wars, and not by composition and agreement. Howbeit, Demetre concluded the league and peace, to the end he would have an honest occasion to depart Grece, to go into Asie, so that it should not be said, he fled, but that he honestly departed, chiefly considering, that in one of the articles of the conclusion was agreed, that all the cities of Grece, aswell in asia as in Europe, should be restored to liberty. After the same conclusion, Demetre made great provision of Carracques, wherein he enbarqued all his whole army, and fraught all his carriages: & sailing thence alongst the Isles, he arrived at the port of Ephese, and there landing his army, encamped hard before the town, and enforced the garrison to restore to her pristinate estate and liberty the City, and licensed them and their Captain Prepelay one of Cassander's Chieftains, safely to depart with bag and baggage: and garrisoned the Castle with his own soldiers, and then entered Hellespont: where he wan to his obeisance the Lampsaks, Parians, and certain other Cities, who were subtract from his amity. After he sailed to the entry of Pont, and encamped about the temple of the Calcedonians, for guard whereof he left three thousand footmen, and xxx Galleys, the rest of his Soldiers, he divided amongs the cities to winter. The same time Mytridate Governor of the countries of Mysie and Carie, who took part with Antigone, 
Mythridate.  being suspected, that he had conference with Cassander, was put to death, when he had governed xxxv years, after whom his son Mithridate succeeded, who after enlarged & increased his father's Empire, and beside, for the space of xxxuj years, governed the countries of Cappadoce and Paphlagone. The same season also, Cassander (after the departure of Demetre) recovered the cities he had lost in Thessaly, and sent in Lysimache his aid, Plisterche one of his captains into Asie, with the greater part of his army, being about xxij. M. footmen, and .v. C. horse. But after Plistarche was come to the strait of Hellespont, and see it guarded by Demetre his Soldiers, he returned.   
The end of the third Book.   

The fourth Book is taken out the wise Plutarque, in the life of Demetre.  

¶ Antigone coming to battle against the enemy, is through the default of his son Demetre slain.  
The first Chapter.  
About the spring, the two armies (to say, Antigone and Demetre on the one part, and the King's confederate on the other) with great power came into the fields one against an other. For Antigone had about. Lxx. thousand footmen four thousand horse, and. Lxxu. Elephants. And on the enemies side were about. Lxiiij. thousand footmen xu thousand horse, four score Elephants, and. Cxx. armed chariots. When the two armies were in view one of an other, Antigone was marvelously troubled and very pensive. For there ran in his fantasy many things, and especially the great danger and hazard of that battle, whereof he no less doubted the loss, than he had good hope of victory. And although one way (by reason of his continual victories) he well hoped: but chief for the fame and reputation, by him newly gotten for his last victory in Cypress, yet he again as a wise man, and one experimented in martial policies, considered the variety of Fortune, who is never firm or stable, but still delighteth in mutation and change. All which things thoroughly weighed, he became so sore troubled and grieved, that where he before in other wars and battles was accustomed to speak loud and fiercely, in reproach and despite of the enemy, and set forth his stoutness and magnanimity: he then without words was altogether heavy & pensive, which imported a marvelous thought and care in him, as if he had had some present infelicity in his head, which suddenly happened him. He did also at that time (as they said) many things which he never wonted to do. For he there openly in presence of all, declared and named his son Demetre successor of his realm, as though he should presently have died: and after took him into his Pavilion a great while, and conferred with him alone, whereat the whole army was marvelously abashed, because he never before used a part to talk, nor yet communicate with him in secret of his affairs, but trusting to his own wit, determined all matters after his own fantasy, and without demanding advise or counsel of any, would command that to him seemed best. In so much that at one time, (they said) when Demetre his son, being but a young Soldier, demanded when he should return to him with the army, with a troubled and disdainful countenance, answered: Art thou so very a boy & coward that thou canst not without me hear the sound of the Trumpets? again, besides these his fantasies and imaginations, many things than happened which might be judged prognostications of evil luck and misfortune towards him. For Demetre one night see in his dream, Alexander the great all armed in white, who ask him what sign and token he should give to his Soldiers in that battle: answered that jupiter gave victory, and by and by him thought that Alexander said, and I also will take part with your enemies. It was likewise reported, that after Antigone had aranged his Phalang or battle of footmen, and coming out of his Tent, that he stoond one of his feet, and therewith suddenly fell flat to the ground. And after he was lift up, holding up his hands to heaven, made his humble prayers to the Gods, that they would either give him victory, or at the least, that he might be slain, rather than with shame to be enforced to fly: and all at once wholly went to the battle, which on either side began very hot and cruel. It happened soon after the Demetre, with a lusty band of horsemen under his charge, so violently charged Antioch the Son of Seleuke, that he put him and all his company to flight, and by reason of the excessive joy of victory, had them so long in chase, that with his too great desire, he lost altogether. For during the time he had them in chase, the Seleukeans seeing the footmen left naked without horse (which should have been their guard and succour) so encompassed them, as though they would on every side have charged. Whereupon some seeing all their horsemen gone, forthwith rendered, and the rest which stood to the defence, after they see their inability to withstand, fled, so that when Demetre was returned from the chase, he could no way bring them again into order. And immediately after this company was discomfited, a great band of the enemy, charged the battle wherein Antigone was, every of them meaning to get his person. Which thing one of his Soldiers apperceiving, said to him: Save thyself Sir King, for every of these men seek and desire none but thee, whom he again thus answered: In vain they seek and desire me, for Demetre will soon be here to aid me. Howbeit, the charge was so sudden and impetuous, that before his Son could come to help him, many times calling for him to his aid, and looking round about if he came, was by the enemy environed, and after he was dead sore wounded. And then all his enemies about him fled, except Thorax of Larisse, 
Thorax.  who alone tarried with the body.   

¶ After this discomfiture, the Athenians would not suffer Demetre to enter their City: and how he again gathereth together his army. After, Demetre his daughter is married to Seleuke, who treateth a marriage between Demetre & Ptolomais, daughter to King Ptolemy: and of the denial he hath of two little Cities.  
The two Chapter.  
AFter the King's confederate had won this victory, they divided amongs them (as a great pray & but in) all Antigone and Demetre their lands and signiories. And after Demetre see the battle lost, he in all haste, with .v. thousand footmen, and four thousand horse fled to Ephese. Whereupon the Citizens considering his loss, and the necessity he was in, greatly feared that he would rob and spoil the rich Temple of Diana Howbeit, he took not a Talon, but doubting that his Soldiers (because they were not well pleased with him) would do some wicked deed, 
The industry of Demetre.  he therefore determined to depart the City. And after he see the wind began to blow up, he enbarqued all his soldiers, and sailed directly into the Country of Grece, meaning to get into the city of Athens, which he had kept for his only and singular refuge, and therefore had there his ships, treasure, and Deidamie his wife, 
Deidamie.  being fully persuaded that that City would never fail, whatsoever chance and adversity might hap. Howbeit, he was therein greatly deceived, for so soon as he was thither come, arriving about the Cyclades, there came messengers to them from the Athenians, which brought him such news, as he never thought on or looked for, signifying to him, that the Athenians had concluded and determined not to receive any King into their City, praying him therefore to refrain and stay his coming thither. Nevertheless, that they would send him his wife, in such honourable estate as became them to do, and as to the wife of so honourable and Noble a Prince appertained. 
What faith and confidence a Prince ought to have in his subjects.  With which Ambassade Demetre was so angry & aggrieved, that a little thing would have made him lost all the hope of his estate, and almost desperate. For although what with the loss of his Father, army, and realm, he see him reduced and brought from so great felicity almost to extreme misery and beggary, yet considering the power and nature of Fortune, (to whom all men are subject) he patiently endured and abid all his misfortunes and infelicities. But seeing him so frustrate of his hope, deceived and mocked of the Athenians, he was thereat so aggrieved and despited, that he could by no mean bear it. Whereupon by example may be learned, and by experience known, that the high and mighty Princes which think because of the great honour and service that the people do them, that therefore they singularly love them, and that that is a great establishment and surety of their estate, are therein marvelously deceived: And although of their own accord, & for some good will they bear to Princes, they oftentimes do them these honours: yet many times it is for fear, for we daily see that they will do as great honour, and make as humble reverence to them whom they hate, as to those they honour and love. Wherefore all sage Princes and Governors of common weals, do not care or force to be so much honoured of the common people by Decrees, by setting up their statues or images, by orations, and other like means, as to do such things as are worthy and deserve such honours. Notwithstanding his anger and despite against the Athenians, seeing yet no way of revenge, he dissimuled the matter, hoping one day to have a more convenient time & season. Neither gave he the Ambassadors any evil or discourteous language, nor yet made semblant, as though he were discontented, but required them one thing, to send him his ships lying in the port of Pyrey: amongs which was one of xiij tier of oars on a side, which they speedily did. And so soon as he had them, he sailed in all haste to the strait of Peloponnese, called Isthmus: being there arrived, news were brought him out of all quarters, that his case daily impaired, and that his garrisons every where were expulsed, & his towns without resistance rendered to the enemy. Where upon he was in marvelous doubt what to do. Notwithstanding, considering that he left Pyrrhe in Grece, he went with his whole army into Cheronesse, to invade Lysimache his country, and in short time his strength and power so increased, that he had an able army, whereat the other Kings were nothing aggrieved, because they all maliced Lysimache his pride, and envied his puissance. But shortly after happened Demetre a better adventure: For Seleuke seeing that Lysimache had had in marriage two of Ptolemy his daughters, one for himself, an other for Agathocles his son, he likewise determined by alliance with the other Kings to establish and fortify his realm as much as he could. Whereupon he sent to Demetre, demanding in marriage his daughter Stratonice: 
Stratonice.  which sudden adventure Demetre right well knew how to accept, and thereupon incontinent, with his whole Navy sailed into Syrie, & brought his daughter to Seleuke. But coasting alongst the shore, strait upon the Country of Cilice, his Soldiers went on land, and rob and spoiled the country. Whereupon Pisistrate, 
Pisistrate.  brother to Cassander, which Cassander had had the same Country, by partition made at the spoil of Antigone, was very sore displeased. Wherefore he incontinent went towards Seleuke, and made to him his complaint: and farther declared, that he did evil to separate himself from the other Kings, who had altogether made alliance with him against the said Antigone. But when Demetre understood that Pisistrate was gone, he set on land the greater numbered of his Soldiers in the said Country, and again rob and spoiled the same, and in the end made the paysaunts' compound with him for twelve hundred Talents: which they paid on the nail, and thereupon he ageyve enbarqued his Soldiers, and kept his course directly towards Syrie. And one evening going on land with his wife Phile, he found Seleuke come thither before, where at their first meeting, without countenance of mistrust the one of the other, was made great cheer. But first, Seleuke feasted Demetre in his Pavilion on land, and after Demetre feasted him in a Galley of xiij tier of oars, and all that day, they had great talk, and long conference together without armour or watch one to another, but altogether good cheer and confidence amongs them and their Soldiers. Finally, when Seleuke had espoused Stratonice, he brought her away, and with his whole furniture departed thence towards his Son Antioch. Demetre likewise returned into Cilice, and after his arrival, he incontinent sent Phile his wife towards Cassander her brother, 
Phile.  to excuse him of the incursions & robberies, by him in the said Country committed and done. In the mean season arrived out of Grece Deidame, before Demetre, who within few days after, fell into a disease, whereof she died. Shortly after whose death, Demetre seeking new alliance, a marriage by Seleuke his mean, was concluded between Demetre and Ptolomaide, daughter to King Ptolemy, wherein Seleuke dealt very gently and courteously towards Demetre. But not long after, he played him as ungentle a part and ill agreeing to the affinity with him newly contracted. For notwithstanding Demetre his large and great offer of money to Seleuke, he not only refused to render the country of Cilice, but also denied him two Cities tire and Sydone: which in Seleuke was a great discourtesy, and therefore reputed of great pusillanimity, that he being Lord and King of all the land and countries between the Indian Sea unto the Syrian shore, did more esteem two trifling cities of no ● alue, than the amity and parentage of one so noble and valiant a King. And although he had married his daughter, seeing him by Fortune persecuted even to the hard hedge, did not only refuse to aid him, but in refusing to give him the domicile of two small Cities, secretly expulsed him all his lands and dominions. And truly this pusillanimity doth the sayings of Plato well prove in this I counsel him that would be rich (sayeth Plato) not to study and devise to gather together great store of treasure, 
A goodly example of Plato against auari● ious men.  but that he refrain his covetous desire. For he shall always be poor, who without setting measure to his covetousness, hath an ardent desire to get. Nevertheless, although Demetre was thus of his intention & purpose by his son in law frustrate, yet lost he no whit his courage, but as a man of an invincible heart, & one that oftentimes had assayed the deceits of Fortune, said to his friends: Although I should a thousand times have been vanquished and overcome, yet would I not be so faint hearted and effeminate, for so small a trifle to lose the love and favour of my son in law.   

¶ Demetre at his pleasure, taketh by siege the City of Athens: of his bounty and humanity towards them. And after besiegeth the City of Sparte in the country of Laconie.  
The three Chapter.  
WHile these matters were doing, Demetre was by letters from his friends out of Grece advertised, how Lamacare, through a popular sedition which had been at Athens, 
Lamacare.  usurped the Dominion thereof. Wherefore they willed him not to lose any such occasion for recovery of so noble a city. Whereupon he incontinent went to Sea with his whole army: and sailed directly into Grece. But as he drew near the region of Athens, suddenly arose a sore tempest, wherein many of his ships and men perished, whereby he was enforced, for his better safety, to come on land, and for that time to leave of his enterprise of Athens, until some other more convenient season. Wherefore he gave in charge to certain of his men, that they should new calk & amend his shaken and bruised ships: and himself with the rest sailed into Peloponnese, and besieged the City of Messene, 
Messene.  at which siege, as he one day went about the wall to view the Town, there came a shot out of it, which gave him such a blow on the chaps, that he had almost yielded the ghost: nevertheless, being soon after healed, he took the said city, & by composition many other. This done, he again enterprised his voyage of Athens, and after his entry into the country, he took the city's Eleusine and Rammise: 
Eleusine. Rammise.  and farther commanded his men to make incursions, and to spoil and rob all the country about the city of Athens. When the Athenians were by Demetre his Soldiers thus we● ied and endamaged, 
A mine here was a weight amongs the greeks of three sorts: the one named Mina Attica, weighing xii ounces and a half. Mina Medica xii. onc. And Mina Alexandrina. xx. ounces.  happened them an other sudden inconvenience, which sore troubled them. For as a Carracque of theirs was coming to the City laden with corn, Demetre took it, & immediately hung the Patron thereof: the taking of which drove them to so great a necessity, that a Mine of salt was sold for xl Drachmas: and a Bushel of corn for three hundred. Whereupon they were so troubled and in such despair, that they began to treat and render. But as they were in that mind, news came to them from all coasts, how King Ptolemy would send an Cl. sail to their aid, already seen at Eugine, whereupon they were not a little encouraged, and hoped to save all. When Demetre understood of the coming of the said Navy, he got together in the country of Peloponnese and Cypress, two hundred ships, so that when Ptolemy his Captains see that they were not able to resist so mighty a Navy, they durst not abide, but incontinent retired. After Lamacre had heard of that, he secretly stole out of the City and fled. And although the Athenians had decreed and published a new and common Decree, that who so ever did talk, or once make motion with Demetre of peace, or conclusion in peace, he should lose his head: yet being with famine sore oppressed and grieved, they were enforced to agree, upon such composition as him best liked, and set open the gate next to his camp, and sent their Ambassadors to render the City and Citizens at his pleasure, with petition, that he would not forget his old accustomed benignity and clemency, neither to be revenged of the injuries and offences against his Majesty committed. And this did not the Athenians for any favour or grace that they hoped for at Demetre his hands, considering his mortal grudge towards them: but by famine enforced, thought it much better to submit them to his highness discretion and mercy, than to die of hunger: which (as they said) was then so great, that a rat falling from the top of a house down unto the flower, 
Great famine.  the father and his Sons strove marvelously, which of them should have it to eat. And the Philosopher Epicure fed his household with beans, 
Epicure.  which he gave them out by tale. When Demetre with his whole army was entered the city, he commanded that all the people should at the Theatre assemble, in the midst whereof on a great scaffold pitched he his Pavilion, and appointed his Soldiers to stand about the same with their weapons in their hands. And soon after the people were come together, he descended from his Pavilion unto a Tribunal, much lower, whereat all the people that see him, were in marvelous terror and fear. But after they heard him utter no sharp or rigorous words, they were well recomforted. And when he had in the beginning of his Oration checked and reproved their stubborness and obstinacy, he gently in all humanity & benignity proceeded on with the rest. And in token and sign of reconciliation, he gave them two thousand Medymnes of wheat, and appointed them such Officers, as were meetest to Govern the City, according to their ancient accustomed liberty. Whereat that people were so exceeding glad and rejoiced, that they never ceased highly to praise and commend Demetre, and to blazon his name throughout all quarters: the Orators also of the city were well furnished to make and set forth Orations in his commendation and praise. And because Democlide, 
Democlide.  after he had made his Oration, would seem to do something more than the rest, he propounded a Decree, whereby was ordained, that the people of Athens should freely give to Demetre the Towns of Pyre and Munychie, to use at his pleasure: which Decree being by the people allowed, Demetre calling to remembrance their former rebellion, received their gentle offer: and immediately fortified the Town of Munychie, to the end if they at any time else rebelled, he had now gotten a rain to restrain them. After Demetre had thus recovered the city and Country of Athens, he rested not, but still continued from one war to another, and with his army went against the city of Lacedemonie, and when he was come about the Town of Mantine, 
Mantine.  he encountered Archidame King of the Lacedæmonians, 
Archidame.  who with great power was come thither to stop his passage, whom at the first joining he put to flight, and incontinent without farther resistance, entered the country of Laconie, robbing and spoiling until he came before the city of Sparte, 
Sparte.  which he besieged. And as he lay before the city, the Citizens sallied out upon him, but they so valiantly repulsed them, that there were two hundred slain, and .v. hundred taken, and it went very narrowly that his Soldiers had not entered the city pale meal, which then was rich and opulent, and until that time reputed and taken to be very strong & inexpugnable.   

¶ Alexander King of Macedon, praying Demetre his aid, goeth about to betray him, but in the end himself according to his demerit, is by Demetre with such like practise slain, whom the Macedonians after receive and honour as their King.  
The four Chapter.  

The great var●●● ie of Fortune e.  WHen I have thoroughly considered the great mutations and changes of fortune which happened Demetre, he of all the rest of the Kings in my judgement, was by fortune's inconstancy, most vexed and tossed, both in peace and war. For oftentimes she advanced him to great glory and prosperity, giving him mighty armies, notable victories, and a large realm and Dominion. And at an other time, from great prosperity and power, soon after, by the loss of one battle, she again brought him almost into extreme calamity and misery. Who being in this estate, and considering the variety of instable Fortune, recited (they say) these Verses of Eschine following: 

Eschine.  Fortune, once thou didst me set in high estate,  
And in short time, as low didst me mate.  As to him then happened. For having prosperous success in the country of Peloponnese, news were brought him, that his cities confederate in asia, could no longer hold out Lysimache his puissance, who persecuted them. And that if he the sooner came not to the aid of the Isle of Cypress, King Ptolemy would subdue and take it. Moreover, that his wife and children were in the City of Salamine besieged in great danger of taking. By reason of which news, he was forced to raise his siege from Sparte, and provide for the foresaid mischiefs. But as the woman according to Archilocke the Poet carrieth in one hand water, 
Archilocke his similitude of a woman.  and in the other fire: even so playeth Fortune with Demetre. For so soon as he was departed from the country of Laconie, as aforesaid, suddenly other news came, which put him again in good hope to exploit many notable things. And first it is to be understood, that Cassander not long before was departed this world, 
Cassander.  by reason whereof, 
Philip.  the realm stood in controversy between the other two brethren: the elder of which hight Alexander, 
Alexander.  and the other Antipater. Which Antipater, after he had killed their mother Thessalonicke, 
Antipater.  persecuted Alexander, 
Thessalonike.  thinking to have chased and expulsed him the realm, who finding himself of no force in the country, sent out for aid to King Pyrrhe in Cypress, 
Pyrrhe the King.  and to Demetre in Peloponnese. Howbeit, Demetre was so occupied about the estate and affairs of Peloponnese, when the Ambassadors of Alexander came, that he could by no mean help him. In the mean time Pyrrhe with a mighty power came thither: in recompense of his aid and charge, took possession of so large a piece of that country of Macedon, joining to his realm of Epire, that Alexander greatly dreaded him. And while he abode in this fear, he was advertised that Demetre (whose help he had before required) was with his whole army coming thither to aid him: whereupon he considering his authority and great renown, and the worthiness of his deeds and acts, for which he was honoured and had in great admiration of the whole world, did now more than before fear his estate, if he entered his realm. Wherefore he went to meet him, whom at their first meeting, he right courteously and honourably entreated, greatly thanking him of his courtesy & travel, in that he would leave his own affairs of great importance, and with so mighty an army to come and aid him. He farther told him, that he had already well quieted and established his affairs and estate, so that he should not need any farther to travail. Nevertheless, he thought him so much bound, as if he had come at his first sending for, or that all things by his mean had been appeased and quieted. To these words Demetre courteously answered, that he was of his quietness right glad, and that he had now no need of his help, besides many other loving and gentle words, which greeting ended, either of them for that night returned into his Pavilion. During this time arose such matters between them, that the one greatly suspected the other: For as Demetre was by Alexander bidden to supper, he was willed to take good heed to him, because that Alexander had practised by treason to slay him. Notwithstanding he by no mean showed any countenance of mistrust, but meant to go to the banquet, to whose lodging Alexander was coming, to bring him on his way, but he diversly detracted the time, & went a soft and treatable pace, to the end his soldiers might have leisure to arm them, and commanded his guard being a greater number than Alexander's, to enter with him, and also to wait near his person. When Alexander's Soldiers see them the weaker company, they durst not once attempt it. And after they had supped, because Demetre would have some honest occasion to depart, he feigned him to be something ill disposed in his body, and therefore forth with took leave of Alexander, and went thence. The next day in the morning Demetre feigning that he had received certain news, sent word unto him that he was advertised of matters of great importance, that he must of necessity with his army return into Peloponnese, praying Alexander to have him excused. Nevertheless, he offered him his aid and help, whensoever he needed, and desired him to use him as one in whom he might repose and put his whole trust. With which message the young Alexander, who greatly doubted him before he came, and much more after his coming, was now marvelous glad that of his own accord he returned out of his Realm and Dominions. And because he would better let him understand some sign of the acknowledging of his good will and love, he accompanied him into Thessaly. But after they were arrived in the city of Larisse, 
Larisse.  they a fresh began to practise new treasons one against an other. And first, Alexander to put Demetre quite out of suspicion, without armour or guard visited him, hoping to make him do the like, but he was in his so thinking greatly deceived. And as Alexander one night, according to his accustomed wont, came to supper to Demetre without company, and that they were in the chief of their supper, Demetre suddenly arose from the table, whereat Alexander was so sore abashed, that he arose and followed him to the Haldore. But so soon as Demetre was without, he gave sign & token to his Soldiers, who incontinent fell upon Alexander and slew him and certain of his men which would have defended him, among whom one as he was killed, said, Demetre hath prevented us but a day only. With this slaughter were the Macedonians all that night and the next day in the morning marvelously astonished, and in great fear. For seeing to outrage was to no purpose, and that Demetre after Alexander his death was very strong to bring his purpose to pass: before they understood what he would do, they durst not trust him, nor yield, until such time as Demetre sent to them certain of his men, which in his behalf said, that they needed not to fear him, for it was not his will to do them any hurt, but prayed them to come to him, and then he would show them a good reason why he had done that he did. Whereupon the Macedonians joyed that they were delivered of that fear and danger. Wherefore they went all together unto him, and without giving ear or attending his oration, salved him as their King, and needs would bring him into Macedon. Of this change was all the country marvelous glad: for they so mortally hated Cassander, for the cruel facts and great villainies, by him (against the great King Alexander and his line after his death) committed, and also for the great outrage and impious murder which Antipater, Cassander his son had used towards his mother Thessalonicke, that they desired nothing so much, as a new King. By reason whereof, Demetre was of all the Macedonians generally well liked. again, his wife Phile and the children he had by her, so much renewed & lively revived the Image and likeness of the good old Antipater her father, that they reputed Demetre the very true, and undoubted successor and heir to the said Realm.   

¶ Seleuke through a fatherly love, remitteth to Antioch his son, his own wife Stratonice, daughter to Demetre, and giveth to them in title and name of the realm, all the higher Provinces.  
The .v. Chapter.  
THe same season that these things were exploited in Madecone, Demetre had news that his wife & children, besieged at Salamine, were by Ptolemy delivered and with great honours and presents sent away. And soon after, it was throughout all the coasts of asia bruited, that Stratonice Demetre his daughter, 
Stratonice.  whom Seleuke had married, was divorced, and espoused to Antioch his son: and therefore by the people of the heir Provinces, received and named Queen, as followeth. While Antioch lay and abode in the house, and company of Seleuke his father, he so much haunted and frequented the company of Stratonice his mother in law, being then young, marvelous fair and beautiful: and had had also a child by the said Seleuke: in process of time became so enamoured and ravished, that day and night his mind wholly ran on her: whereby he was so troubled & fell into such weakness, y● to every man's sight he dried and consumed away: and so much the more grieved it him, because what for shame, as also for the reverence and natural love he bore his Father, he durst never discover it to any in the world. Wherefore seeing his malady daily vex and trouble him, and no hope of remedy, he to be delivered of that so grievous a martyrdom, took upon him a quick dispatch, more necessary than wholesome. He determined to feign him sick, and under that colour, to abstain from meat, whereby to being himself so feeble and weak, that as then death must follow. But after Erasistrate, 
Erasistrate.  at those days a great Doctor in Physic whom Seleuke before all other had sent for to cure his son, by his statue & other ways well considered what disease this young Prince might have, he at last apperceived it only to proceed of love, but for whom he knew not. Wherefore he diligently and circumspectly marked and noted all the parts of his body, which are wont to move when a man in amours, seeth that he loveth: And with great care, watched when he see any of the young and fair Ladies & Damosels of the house come to visit him. But he could by no means perceive, that for any of them who often had recourse unto him (as it had been most reason) that either he moved or changed his countenance, but only when Stratonice entered with Seleuke. And then he was so suddenly taken, that he (as it were) lost his speech, waxed very red, his pulse vehemently beat, a fine and subtle sweat running throughout all his body, and in effect appeared in him all the accidents that men gather to be in them, which are in love: and after by little and little lost his senses, waxing very pale and wan over all the body. By these signs knew Erasistrate clearly, that it was Stratonice whom the young Prince loved, and none other. Notwithstanding, fearing the anger and displeasure of● his father, and the danger he might incur, if he discovered the case: determined rather to leave the son in that danger, whatsoever should come on him, than to open the secret to the Father, and put his person and life in hazard. Howbeit, after certain days, when he see the great love that Seleuke bore his son, and the malancolie he was in day and night for his sickness, he determined to board and tell him, and by some subtle mean and sweet vain, to feed his humour, concerning his son. Wherefore one day he came unto him, and spoke in this sort: Know Sir King, that the mortal disease which infesteth thy son, is no disease in the body, whatsoever they say, but only an ardent desire in love. And peradventure it were better for me to hold my peace, 
A sage & wise medicine.  and keep it close, than to reveal and tell it thee, considering there is for him no remedy. Whereat King Seleuke all astonished and abashed of the matter, said unto him. Now I pray thee (my friend) tell me ● owe the case standeth. And if my son have none other disease but amoures, is it not possible to find remedy? Are we so unprovided of wit and wealth, that we can no way remedy it? Finally after long talk between them, Erasistrate feigning him to be sore troubled, said: Know Sir King, that it is my wife, on whom he is enamoured. Which words Seleuke hearing, with warm tears trickling down his cheeks, embraced & instantly desired him to help that poor young man and not suffer him wilfully to perish, considering it was he in whom consisted all his joy and hope, to whom the whole realm should lineally descend, and in whom all the people and nations under his subjection, had their expectation and hope. And that after his death there remained for him none other comfort, but likewise present death, without redemption. Certes Sir King (quod Erasistrate) you speak this all on pleasure, but admit he were as amorous of Stratonice, as he is of my wife, peradventure you would then be of an other opinion. Now I would it pleased the Gods (quod Seleuke) it were so, and that I could alter and change that love of thy wife to mine. For I take all the Gods to witness, that if all the things which I hold most dear in this world were together, I would give them all for the safeguard of my sons life. Then Erasistrate seeing his marvelous affection and weeping so tenderly, took him by the hand and began thus to say: Now haste thou Sir King no more need of my aid, for being a King, married, and a Father as thou art, thou mayst be the right medicine and cure of thy family, because that for truth, 
The marvelous love of a Father.  it is not my wife whom thy son loveth, but thine own: with these words was Seleuke much abashed, as of a very new and strange thing. And thereupon prayed Erasistrate to declare unto him the whole estate and circumstance of the matter, and how ● e knew it. And after he understood that for childish reverence Antioch chose rather to die than discover his fond love, he was moved with so great pity, that he determined all he might to save him. Whereupon immediately he assembled all his people, and after he had with many fair and gracious words persuaded them, he declared that it was his will and ordinance, that Antioch his son should espouse Stratonice his wife, and that they should have in the title and name of the Realm, all the higher Provinces: thinking it unreasonable to gainsay his son in that, who never to him in any thing had been disobedient. And so by adventure Stratonice his wife made thereof some difficulty, & thought it very strange: wherefore he prayed all her friends and familiars, to persuade her, to obey his will and pleasure, and farther, to say that all things which he had ordained were good, just, and reasonable. In this sort was the marriage made, and soon after, with all the greatest joy & pomp of the world, celebrated.   

¶ Demetre thrice conquereth the Country of Beoce, and city of Thebes, and chaseth King Pyrrhe out of the country of Thrace.  
The uj Chapter.  
WHen Demetre in this season had obtained all Macedon and Thessaly, and many cities in Peloponnese, Isthmus, Athens, and Megare, he was not yet satisfied and content, but determined to war upon the Beotians. Howbeit, that was no enterprise, either long and difficile. For after the Beotians were advertised of his coming, they came and desired him of peace, and concluded upon such conditions as him liked, albeit against their wills. 
Cleonyme.  Whereupon Cleonyme King of Sparte, came soon after from Thebes with great power, and had gotten to his alliance Piside the Thespian, 
Piside.  a man greatly renowned, and done many notable exploits, whereupon the Beotians waxed so proud, that they rebelled against Demetre, who being thereof advertised, determined suddenly to come upon them and so to chastise their infidelity and inconstancy. Wherefore he incontinent departed with those armed men he had, and besieged the city of Thebes. 
Thebes.  And suddenly planted his engines of battery against the weakest places of the wall: whereat the towns men were greatly astonished, in so much that Cleonyme of Sparte stole away and fled: whereupon the Thebans were in such fear, that they sent their Ambassadors towards Demetre, remitting the city and Citizens at his commandment, praying him to remember his benignity and clemency, wherein he surmounted all other Princes. In this sort rendered they, whom he no whit hurt, but exacted on them great sums of money, thrust garrisons into their Towns, and left Jerome the Historian his Lieutenant, 
Jerome the Historian.  in that Country. And thus showed he (according to his old accustomed manner) his debonair and courtesy towards the rebels. 
Great bounty of a King.  But especially towards Pyside the Thespian, who being his prisoner gently entreated him, and after with great and large gifts rewarded him, and gave him charge of his Soldiers in the quarter of Thespie, of which country he was. Shortly after that these things were done in Beoce, news came to Demetre, 
Dromichete.  how that Lysimache was by Dromichete taken prisoner, whereupon he thinking that to be an excellent occasion, and good opportunity for him to exploit great and weighty matters, went in all speed with such power as he could readily leave into the Country of Thrace. And at his first coming, he besieged a fort and very rich Town of the same Country: which Fort and Town at the first, practised and devised to render unto him, but when news on every side came to him, that the Beotians again rebelled, and that Dromichete had delivered and released Lysimache, he was thereat abashed and sore despited with the commotion of the Beotians. Wherefore he incontinent departed thence, and in so short time as was possible, returned into Grece, to chastise them: but before he could get thither, he was advertised, 
Antigone.  that his son Antigone had in battle vanquished them all: and that they greatly repent and bewailed their rebellion. Of which news he was marvelous glad, and chief that his son had won the victory. And to execute and consummate his enterprise, he continued his journey to besiege the city of Thebes. But in the mean time, he was advertised that Phyrrhe King of Epire was in arms entered Thessaly, and had rob and spoiled the Country unto the city of Thermopile. Wherefore he left his son at the siege of Thebes with one part of his Soldiers: and himself with the rest, made great speed into Thessaly, and at his first coming, made Pyrrhe soon retire to the strong passages and forsake the plain country. Which done, he left in that country for the guard thereof a thousand horse, and ten thousand footmen, and with the remnant returned to the siege of Thebes, where he caused to be brought and planted that marvelous engine aforesaid, named the cannoneer down of Cities, albeit it seemed he could not in long time do it, because the engine was of such poise and weight, that it could scarcely be drawn in two months the space of two furlongs. When the Thebans had considered their fault and outrage committed against Demetre, they determined to stand to their defence even to the last man, because they hoped or looked for no mercy at his hands. And he again was fully persuaded, to spare for no cost, but that he would win it, more for to be of them revenged, than for any gain or profit he looked for, for the loss was much greater than the gain or commodity, because the more part of the lustiest & most valiant soldiers, with overmuch adventuring to assault the strongest and most disaduantagious places of the city, were many times slain. Wherefore Antigone, seeing the loss of so many brave and courageous Soldiers, came to his Father, and with great meekness and humbleness of mind, in this manner said unto him: To what purpose (good father) are at these lusty and valiant Soldiers daily forced to hazard themselves to such slaughter for a thing whereof will arise no gain or emolument? Whom Demetre all in a rage answered: Why art thou (quoth he) so careful of thyself, seeing there are such a numbered of men between thee and thy danger? And because his Soldiers should well know that he would not have them hazard farther than he himself would endanger him: He one day amongst the thickest, and with the foremost came to the assault, where he nobly and valiantly bore him, but in the end to openly approaching the wall, he was by the Townsmen with the blow of a stone hurt, and although he felt with the blow, great anguish and pain, yet never ceased he from the assault, but with much greater courage than before, exhorted his Soldiers valiantly to stand to it, whereupon they waxed so hardy and bold, seeing their King there in person to lead them the way, that through their great virtue and prowess, they by force entered the City, and so took it: whereat the Citizens were in marvelous fear, looking for none other mercy, but that he would make great slaughter of them, and after spoil & burn them, and never leave doing of any mischief which might be devised. 
The great humanity and mercifulness of a King.  But he contrary to the judgement and expectation of all the world, caused but twelve to be executed, sent a numbered in exile, and left the rest entier & whole. Thus was the city of Thebes in ten years by Demetre twice taken and subdued.   

¶ Demetre robbing and overrunning the Country of the Etholians, enterpriseth war against Pyrrhe King of Epire, and after missing of their encounter and meeting, either of them do all the mischief they can one to another's Country: and of the renown and fame that Pyrrhe getteth in that war against the Macedonians.  
The vij Chapter.  
THe same very season, should the solemn feasts of the God Apollo Pithy have been celebrated in the Temple of Delphos, but because the Etholians stopped the passage where they should pass, Demetre against the old ancient custom, caused all the said pastimes with the pomps and ceremonies to be done within the city of Athens, which was the most principal and chief place of Grece, to honour their Gods in. And after his return into Macedon, considering that the aid of the Macedonians would more prevail him in war than in peace, following his own nature and inclination, which was never to be at rest and in quiet, incontinent arrered new wars against the Etholians, with great power went thither, where he rob, burnt, and wasted the greater part of their country, and that done, left Panthauke, one of his Captains with a brave band of soldiers to guard and kept it: and he with the rest in all possible speed marched against King Pyrrhe, with whom he had many quarrels. Who being thereof advertised, came with so great will to fight against him, as the other to assail him. Howbeit, by Fortune it happened that they took several ways, so that they meet not: Nevertheless, after Demetre was entered the country of Epire, he over ran and spoiled the greater part. But Pyrrhe had a better adventure, for as he had gotten to the place where Panthauke was, 
Panthauke.  he fought with him, and through his great virtue and prows, wan the victory. And as the two armies joined, Panthauke calling out & urging Pyrrhe to fight with him body to body, he willingly accepted the offer: and in view & sight of both the armies, very bravely encountered: and after he had received one wound, he gave Panthauke two, finally vanquished him, and therewith put his army to flight. Whereupon Pyrrhe got him not so much hatred and evil will of the Macedonians, whom he had vanquished, as he for this victory wan honour and admiration, because all men wondered and were abashed at his virtue and valiantness. Wherefore they said it was he amongs all the rest of the Kings, which should renew the virtue and courage invincible of Alexander the great. And that the rest all inflamed with honour and prodigality, and environed with Soldiers, always went accompanied with whores, and minstrels, as common dancers. And amongs them was none other controversy, but who should surmount other in pomp, deceit, and vain glory. And that was spoken by Demetre, who (as they said) did not only wear a Crown royal, and robes of crymosin tynsell, but also shoes of gold. It was also said that he caused a rob to be made like unto heaven, with stars in it, a very curious & sumptuous work, which fashion he there long time ware, but the alteration and change thereof remained imperfect. And never before or since was any King of Macedon, were he never so proud and pompous, that once durst enterprise or take on hand to cause such a garment to be made to wear. These things abovesaid greatly troubled the Macedonians, yet were there other fashions that Demetre used, which more misliked than, both for his strangeness in giving audience, as also for his high and stout annsweres, besides the ceremony and gravity intolerable. But one thing amongs other which is talked & noted of him, was that he held and kept the Ambassadors of Athens two whole years, being more his friends than any of the rest of Grece, and made them follow him which way so ever he went, without any dispatch: and in the end departed from him in as great hatred as they came. Another time was an Orator sent to him from the Lacedæmonians, whereat he marvelously grudged, thinking they esteemed him not, for sending of so simple an ambassador. Wherefore he wonderfully reviled & with minatory words menaced them, and after turning his talk to the Orator said: And art thou he whom the Lacedæmonians have sent hither alone? Whom the Orator very gently answered: yea for so the Sir King to thee alone. Another time also, when he had caused it to be published, that he would give attentive audience to all suitors: a numbered of people at the day appointed came with many supplications, and delivered them to him in writing, which he very courteously received, and put them in the skirt of his gown, but at his departing thence, going over the bridge of the River Axie, in the sight of all those which had put up and given him their supplications, 
The river Axie.  and followed for answer, he cast them all in the river, whereat the Macedonians were greatly offended and discontent. For they thought it not the office and honour of a King of high and noble courage, nor yet a good officer, but rather of a jester and deceiver of the people, and of one who made no account of justice. And a great deal the more thought the Macedonians it strange, for that they had understood of their ancestors, the great courtesy and facility that King Philip, father to Alexander the great, used in giving audience to his subjects. It happened one day about the same season, that a poor woman coming to Demetre, & desiring him to hear her, he answering that he was not at leisure, 
A good & wholesome document for a King.  she again with loud voice replied and said: Then oughtest thou not to reign. Which words well considered and revolved in his mind, at last constrained him to give good and gracious audience to his people. And truly there is no one thing in the world that so well appertaineth and is so proper to a King, as to be at leisure and attended to justice. For as the Philosopher Timothey sayeth: 
Tymothey.  Mars is a Tyrant: and according to the judgement of the Poet Pyndare: 
●● ndare.  The Law is king over al. Homer also sayeth: 
● omere.  that Kings and Princes received not of God engines and such other warlike instruments, to batter and overthrow walls and Bulwarks of Cities, but justice: and to exercise & use that for the preservation of their people and subjects. Therefore the said Poet calleth not that King a good disciple of God which is cruel and fierce, but commendeth him which is gentle and just. And for truth, Demetre delighted in a name and Title more agreeable to the great God jupiter, than meet or appertaining to him. For he would be called the Garden and conseruator of Cities, and also the overthrower and destroyer of them. Wherefore it is oftentimes seen, that villainy and wickedness, entering the house of honour and honesty, and favoured of the vulgar opinion and ignorance of the people, usurpeth the name and title of dignity and renown.   

¶ King Pyrrhe entering the country of Macedon, is by Demetre expulsed. And after, Demetre raiseth a mighty power to recover his Father's realm, and the other King's link together against him. And going again to encounter Pyrrhe, who was entered Macedon, is through the mutiny of the Macedonians enforced to fly, and after of the division of the realm between Pyrrhe and Lysimache.  
The eight Chapter.  
SHortly after these matters aforesaid, when it was blown abroad and come to Pyrrhe his ear, that Demetre was sore sick in the city of Pelle, 
Pelle.  he thought he had then good occasion to occupy and enjoy the realm of Macedon. Wherefore he suddenly assembled the greatest numbered of Soldiers he could get, and with great hostility entered the said country, robbing and wasting all he encountered, even to the city of Edisse, 
Edisse.  because none came against him. Now was the estate of Demetre in great danger, after he was cured of that malady. Notwithstanding he caused his captains to assemble his whole army, to encounter King Pyrrhe, who understanding of their coming, retired in great haste out of the country of Macedon. And shortly after Demetre concluded a peace with him, fearing, that being his near neighbour, a valiant and Martial man, he might for the execution of his other enterprises of greater importance, much hinder him. For he thought the time was come, that he might to his great honour and glory, recover the Realm which his Father not long before had lost, which was the greatest thing of the whole world that he considered and thought on. Wherefore, minding nothing else but the execution thereof, because he knew it very hard, levied in short time above a hundred thousand footmen, and ten thousand horse, besides a Navy of .v. hundred sail, 
A terrible power.  which with marvelous speed had come out of diverse places. first, he caused some of the keels and bottoms to be built, in Pyre, Calchide and Pelle: and after went himself to those places, to give order for the finishing of them: so that by his wisdom and industry they were in few days made an end of, armed, appareled, and furnished ready to sea. Whereat all the world wondered, & not at the ships alone, but at the strangeness of the workmanship and building. For he had there which exceeded in bigness all those that ever were seen, even those of xu and xuj tier of oars on a side, than thought very strange. But after, Ptolemy King of Egypt, 
Ptolemy.  surnamed Philopater ● made one of xl tier on a side, 
Philopater.  which in greatness exceeded all those that ever were seen. For it was by the keel two hundred and four score cubits, and from the keel to the netting xlviij For navigation whereof were appointed four thousand men to row, 
An horrible great Galley.  & for sailing, three hundred mariners. There were also laid in, about four thousand armours, to arm them above. The vessel was so ponderous, that they had much ado to stir it, built more for the show, and to be marveled at, than for any service. But to return to Demetre his Navy, they were not only marvelous great and full of good workmanship, but also the use of them where for the wars meet and necessary. At this great preparation, whereof the like was not seen since the time of Alexander, were Ptolemy, Seleuke and Lysimache, greatly astonished, and therefore they linked together to resist him. They also sent by a common accord towards King Pyrrhe, persuading him to war in Macedon, declaring that the peace which Demetre had made with him, was to none other end, but to amaze him, that he in the mean time might vanquish the other Kings, and so consequently destroy all at his pleasure. And in effect, that was a fire to burn all the whole world in order, if it were not in good season extinguished: and therefore that they all with one consent, should join and link together to resist him, their common enemy, who in mind had conceived to subdue all asia and Europe. Through these persuasions Pyrrhe moved to his alliance, and to the otheir kings being joined together (to take their whole force against Demetre) marvelous wars on all parts were arreared against him, before he was fully furnished and ready. For all at one instant, to weet, Ptolemy with a great Navy and army went to sea, to invade & pierce Grece, and Pyrrhe and Lysimache Macedon, to say Lysimache on the coast of Thrase, and the other on his own coast in the country of Epire joining upon Macedon. When Demetre had notice of these things, he sent his son into Grece with one part of his army to guard it, and he with the rest went into Macedon. And first he marched into that quarter, where Lysimache was entered. But before he came there, he had news how Pyrrhe by force had taken the city of Bery, and burnt and wasted all the country round about: with which news the Macedonians were sore vexed and troubled, that there arose great tumult and mutiny, with weeping, wailing, maledictions, & cursing against Demetre, throughout the whole army. Whereupon many under colour, for the defence of their houses, children and parents, came to him and prayed leave to depart, but their meaning was to yield to Lysimache: which thing Demetre well apperceived, and therefore determined he not to come near Lysimache, whom he knew the Macedonians both for his nobleness and familiarity used to a numbered of them in the time of Alexander would accept. Wherefore he marched against Pyrrhe, a stranger and of another Nation, but as after it appeared, he was much deceived. For so soon as he was come near the place where Pyrrhe was, many Citizens of Bery came to the camp, who above the heavens praised and commended Pyrrhe, saying he was valiant, in Martial facts invincible, liberal towards his Soldiers, and towards them whom he vanquished, courteous and gentle. And farther put them in remembrance, that their ancestors always reputed those true and undoubted Kings, who knew to use arms in time of war, and govern their subjects by gentleness and courtesy in time of peace. In all which things they preferred and commended King Pyrrhe. And to be brief, they said the time was come, that they might be delivered from the grievous dominion of Demetre, and submit them to a valiant and gentle King, who heartily loved and esteemed his Soldiers and men of war. Through this and such like talk were the Macedonians Soldiers so moved and affectioned, that some first began secretly to mutiny: and shortly after arose so great mutiny throughout the whole host, that no man could make them keep order, either in the camp or without, nor yet obey any. And the matter at last grew to his end, that some of them were so bold to come to Demetre and say, it was necessary if he meant to save himself to fly: for the Macedonians were so aggréeved, to fight any longer for his pleasure, that they would no more abide his Dominion and government: which words to Demetre seemed very loving and honest, considering the common voice and rumour throughout the army. Wherefore he thought it not good to tarry for any more motions, but with that, retired at once into his tent: and after despoiled him of his hablementes royal, ● nd put on a minstrels garment, and with a small company fled. After it was noised he was gone, the greater numbered of his Soldiers ran to his tent, and there strove for the butine, but Pyrrhe understanding thereof, suddenly came upon them and made them all retire. And incontinent as the Soldiers see him, they all with one voice received and saluted him as their King, and he thereby seized of the army and spoil of Demetre. But shortly after, thither came Lysimache, and there divided they between them the realm of Macedon, which Demetre had about vij years held and enjoyed.   

¶ After Demetre his flight out of Macedon, he besiegeth the City of Athens which rebelled, from whence he departed without taking it, and goeth into asia to war on Seleuke. After he hath taken many Cities, he is so sore pressed on, that he sendeth towards Seleuke, to conclude a peace, and upon the refusal, he again commenceth the wars, and winneth on him certain victories.  
The ix Chapter.  
WHen Demetre was fled out of Macedon, as hath been said, and gotten with all diligence to the city of Cassander, Phile his wife being there, after she had intelligence in what sort he was come, was therewith so displeased and desperate, that she could not be persuaded to see him, so fled, and in such adversity, considering that fortune was more constant in her adversities, than permanent in her prosperities. Wherefore, even weary of her life, she took poison & so died. Notwithstanding, Demetre departed thence, and with all speed went into Grece, and there assembled as many ships as he found whole and sound, and the residue of his army, determining once again to put them in a readiness, and so pursue his enterprise, lamenting nevertheless his Fortune and adversity, as King Menelaye, according to Sophocles in these words lamented his: 
Menelaus.  Alas, my Fortune and chance incessantly turneth as doth the wheel of a Mill, 
Sophocles.  and as the Moon, which never in one form and estate continueth two whole nights together, 
A man greatly subject to Fortune.  but at the beginning altereth her figure, as if she came out of a dark place, by little and little showing herself until she come to the full, & after by the same degrees decreaseth, until she hath lost her whole light. Even so may truly be spoken of Demetre his Fortune, who after the loss of Macedon, going into a private habit through the Towns of Grece, without any princely tokens and signs: one which see him in the City of Thebes in this estate said of him the verses of Euripide, making much to this purpose and in this effect: 
Euripide.  
Who sometime was most like the form divine,  
And now to form humane convert again:  
Is come to Cyrces' fountains clear and fine.  
And Ismenius river: there to live doth deign.  Nevertheless, Fortune shortly after somewhat returning in his favour, restoring his power, which in his first estate seemed to be clearly or very near extinguished, purposed by a singular benefit worthy memory, in restoring it to his first and ancient liberty, to win the benevolence and love of the city of Thebes.  
In the same season, news were brought him, how that Deiphile governor of the city of Athens was dead, 
Deiphil.  and another (according to their customs and orders) placed in his room, and that they were revolted and rebelled against Demetre. And when they understood his power to be greater than they supposed, they sent into Macedon, to King Pyrrhe, to desire his aid, whereat Demetre was so angry, to see that City so often times rebel, which he so many times had conquered: and to be so lightly from him revolted, which he always had so gently and courteously entreated, that he incontinent with his whole power departed thence to sea, and went so besiege it. But after he had been there certain days, Crathe the Philosopher, 
Crathes.  a man then in great authority & renowned in the city, came with the Citizen's Ambassadors towards him, and by diverse reasons persuaded him to raise his siege and depart, and take some other enterprise in hand which might be more profitable. At whose persuasions Demetre having another enterprise in his head, quieted himself, and went his way. And incontinent assembled his ships and all his men of war, to the numbered of xj thousand able men or more, and with them speedily sailed into Asie, to the intent to win from Lysimache the Countries of Lydie and Carie. But as he drew near the city of Mylette, 
Milet.  he met Eurydice, 
Eurydice.  sister to Phile, his late wife, bringing Ptolomaide, whom Ptolemy by Seleuke his mean had granted him for his wife, and there forthwith by the consent of Eurydice espoused her. After the celebration of the marriage, he went about his enterprises, and at his arrival took by assault many cities, the rest without resistance rendered: amongs which the city of Sardes, 
Sardes.  garrisoned by Lysimache his Soldiers was one, which with the army and treasure they had of his in keeping, came and yielded to Demetre. But after he understood that Agathocles, 
Agathocles,  Lysimache his son, came with a mighty power that way against him, he departed thence into Phrygie, thinking that if he could get and enjoy the country of Armenia, he might after easily trouble the Region of Mede, and thereby bring the higher Provinces under his subjection. And during the time that he marched through the plain country, Agathocles daily pursued him so near, that they had many skirmishes together, wherein Demetre had always the better. Nevertheless, he see many discommodities which hindered him from the attaining the chief and principal matter of his enterprise. The one was the great lack and want of victuals, both for men and horse. Wherefore the Soldiers seeing them in that necessity, doubted he would lead them into Armenia, but there chanced him an other mishap. For as he passed over the river of Lis, 
The River Lis.  a great number of his men which knew not well the depth, swam over: whereat the rest were so angry, that they would neither obey any within or without the camp, and that which was worse, they with evil and oultragious words, reproached Demetre. And there was found set upon his Pavilion written in a table these words: O thou son of good father Antigone, into what region wilt thou now carry us? Finally when he see the famine more and more daily increase & augment, he thought it most expedient and necessary, considering the necessity of the time, to depart, that with the loss of eight thousand Soldiers, he retired into the city of Therse. 
Therse.  And because that Country was subject to Seleuke, he was careful to look about him, that his men should not spoil the Country, whereby he might provoke Seleuke his indignation against him, whose puissance was very strong, but especially at that time, because he had such great affairs in hand, which was impossible for him to compass, considering the necessity and poverty of his people. And Agathocles so guarded the passages of the river Tiger, that he was every way enclosed. Whereupon considering the danger he was in, he determined to sly towards Seleuke, but before he would so do, he wrote unto him his pitiful letters, containing all his misfortunes and adversities, grievously complaining his miserable estate, praying him to have pity and compassion of so wretched a man, his familiar, and near ally, who already had had so many adversities, that his very mortal enemies thereof ought to have compassion and pity. These letters received, Seleuke having pity and compassion of one so noble a parsonage, by fortune come into such calamity and misery, writ to his Officers and lieutenants in those quarters, that they should use and entreat him, as appertained unto so noble a Prince: and farther, to call back the men of war which pursued him. But after that Procley, a sage and wise man, and one of Seleuke his counsel, had told him that it was not expedient he should nourish and maintain Demetre his men of war, nor yet to guy occasion to a Prince and Chieftayne of war, and so Noble a warrior, to tarry long within his countries, he grew marvelous suspicious, and by & by altered his opinion. For men (quoth he) ought not to make light account of so quarrelous a man, which hath always invented and devised strange and high enterprises, and chief of one in so great adversity, which were enough to move a man of small courage, to enterprise and execute a very great outrage, to his best and dearest friend. These persuasions so moved Seleuke, that he levied a sufficient army, and with great diligence entered the country of Cilice. When Demetre heard thereof, he was wonderfully abashed and astonished to see so sudden a mutation & change, and so speedy a return. Wherefore he with his army, retired into the strongest places of the mount Thaure, and sent towards Seleuke his Ambassadors, praying of him aid and help, for the obtaining and getting some principality and Signiory in some of the provinces near hand, which had no King, wherein he might stay himself, end his banishment, and there lead the rest of his life, and maintain his army: and further, furnish him and his people with victuals, for want whereof sore distressed and in great need: and not to suffer that one of his familiars and poor and miserable ally to live (to his great dishonour) under the power & subjection of his enemies. Whereupon Seleuke greatly suspecting, answered him: That he was content, Demetre and his army should remain two months in the country of Laconie: always provided, that he send certain his principal friends for hostages. When Demetre understood this answer, he then wholly despaired, seeing himself on every side enclosed and environed with Seleuke his garrisons, and out of hope, by prayers or entreaty to urge him. Wherefore he turned all his despair into a rage, and determined to war and fight with him: and thereupon descended into the plains, where he made great incursions & robberies, wasting the plain and champion Country: and after came and encamped so near Seleuke, that they daily escarmoushed together, in which Demetre had always the better. And at last, as they were one day arranged in order of battle ready to fight: after Demetre had repulsed and discomfited certain armed chariots, he bravely put all the rest of Seleuke his army to flight. And all at once with all possible speed marched against Seleuke Soldiers, keeping the passages of Syrie, whom he likewise without great resistance incontinent chased and erpulsed.   

¶ After the victory by Demetre won on Seleuke, certain of his Soldiers (by reason of a disease which happened him) forsake him: but he with the rest still warring upon Seleuke, is at last vanquished, and enforced to render, and in the end kept as a prisoner.  
The ten Chapter.  
OF this victory were Demetre and his Soldiers so proud and cruel, that they daily presented battle to Seleuke. But he, who feared Demetre his hazard and fortune, than very miserable, yet because she again somewhat favoured him, and advanced him to an higher degree of prosperity, turned back Lysimache his soldiers by him sent in his aid, for that he had no great trust or confidence in them. And with the rest of his own, kept him in the places of most advantage, not meaning to fight. In this sort began Demetre to get again courage and strength. But as he stood upon the point to exploit some notable matter, he was suddenly with a grievous malady (which troubled and hindered all his enterprises) taken. For his Soldiers who through victory had gotten courage, and in good hope to work wonders, seeing their chieftain so sore sick, fainted again, so that some fled from the army: some rendered to the enemy: and other thinking by strange and uncouth ways to retire home, villainously died. Notwithstanding when Demetre with much a do, had in xl days recovered his health, he with the men which remained, forcibly entered the country of Cilice, overrunning and spoiling every where: and in the end encamped in so high a place, that the enemy being a great way of, might easily see them. When night came, he without noise departed with his army, and passed the mount Aman, and after descended to the foot of the mountain, 
The Mount Aman.  into the plain, and there spoiled and wasted all, hard to the city of Cyriste. 
Cyriste.  But shortly after, Seleuke, who fair and easily pursued him, encamped near him. Whereupon Demetre was right glad, thinking that that happened well for his purpose, to surprise him in such sort as he had determined to do: and in the night at such time as he thought Seleuke and his men were at rest and a sleep, and doubted nothing, he put all his host in arms, and came strait upon the Camp of the enemy to assail them are they were provided. Nevertheless, he was not so soon approached the said camp, but that certain of the scoultes were come in extreme haste, to advertise Seleuke of his coming, who at the news all dismayed, suddenly arose and took his gown and slippers, and ran out of his Tent, crying alarm, alarm, making the Trumpets sound to arms, exhorting and praying the Captains, lustily to resist such an enraged beast. But when Demetre knew by the noise in the enemies camp, that his enterprise was discovered, he would not attempt Fortune but retired. Soon after, Seleuke with ensigns displayed, assailed his camp: and because Demetre would show that he was no whit abashed or afeard, he sent out a band of his Soldiers against the enemy, which so lustily charged a corner of Seleuke his battle, that they stood at a stay whither to tarry or fly. Which thing Seleuke seeing, & knowing the danger of the case and his estate, threw of his headpece, and fiercely on horseback galloped hard to the forefront, showing himself barefaced to them all, praying them to return to the battle, saying he had long absented him from them, not for want of good will, or fear of Demetre, but to obey those who were his good and loyal friends. Then his Soldiers thorough these exhortations were so encouraged and emboldened, and chief because they see and beheld the face and Majesty of their King, that they incontinent returned bravely to the battle, and so impetuously recharged the enemy, that Demetre being well mounted, and seeing him not able to abide the violence of his power, got out of the camp, and upon the spur fled hard to the Amanipiles: and immediately from thence with a few of his own folks got into a forest hard by, and there tarried till night: to the end to get to the port of Caune, 
The port Caune.  where his Navy road, trusting to find it and his friends who had charge thereof there, and from thence to go hire: but considering his want of money to pay for victuals by the way, he was enforced to take another deliberation. And being in this imagination and thought, one of his household servants, named Sosignes, came to him and said, 
Sosignes.  that he had yet three hundred pieces of gold sowed within his girdle, which he trusted would bear his charge to the sea side. And as they were by night coming out of the forest, they had espied a far the fires in the enemies camp, so that they were constrained to alter their determination and purpose, and return from whence they came, being thereby dissevered, but not all: For certain left him, and they which tarried, had much a do to follow: amongs whom was one, who was so bold to say unto him, that he must now of necessity, yield to Seleuke, whereat he was so sorrowful and troubled, that he drew out his sword to have killed himself, and without stay had done it, if his trusty and loving friends had not letted him, and forthwith bereft him his sword, praying him so to advise and counsel with them, that they might save themselves together, and not wilfully to kill and destroy himself: with which words he was well quieted. And after they had long debated their matters, he in the end by persuasion of his friends was content to send towards Seleuke some of them, signifying that he was willing, frankly to yield his life and all that Fortune had left him, to his pleasure. Of which Ambassade was Seleuke right joyous, and by report, said these words: Certes, Fortune doth not so much for Demetre in saving of him, as for me. For over and beside many great good turns and honours by her to me done, she hath now given power and liberty to show my liberality and courtesy towards my familiar and ally, who is a man of so great virtue, prowess & renown, that I repute and take it for the chiefest felicity that ever happened me. He after caused a Pavilion and Lent, and all other furniture appertaining to a mighty Prince, to be prepared and made ready in the most honourable and pompous wise he could devise. Now had he in his house a servant named Apollonides, who long had used Demetre his companis, whom he sent unto him, charging him to say, that he might without fear freely come to his friend and ally. After Seleuke had given him this in charge, a few of his men, at the beginning, and after a great number made them ready to ride, and meet with Demetre, every man studying and devising to do him the greatest honour he could: thinking that he being so great and renowned a parsonage and ally to Seleuke, should incontinent have all the whole authority about him. But it happened quite contrary, for that pity and compassion turned into enmity. Because certain villains who ruled and had authority about Seleuke, fearing that Demetre his coming would thrust them by, with many surmised tales put sundry suspicions into his head, saying, that it was not meet to suffer so valiant and renowned a Prince, a conductor and leader in wars to come in the view of his army, because it was to be feared that his presence might be an occasion to make some commotion and mutiny in his Campe. In the mean while was Apollonides and the rest which accompanied him, come to Demetre, and had made report of Seleuke his courteous and gracious purpose for him, who thereof right joyous, gave them marvelous good and gentle entertainment, and there rejoiced and cheered together. And above the rest Demetre who before reputed his fortune miserable so shamefully to yield himself, understanding by the report of his very familiars, the good & gentle words of Seleuke, merely and joyfully went towards him as to his ancient friend and Ally. But in these enterfactes Pausanias sent by Seleuke with a thousand horse met with him, 
Pausanias.  and so soon as he approached, encompassed him and put back all the rest, which were with him: and after, as from the mouth of Seleuke, said that as than he might not come to him, but that he had charge to bring him to an other place. So he brought him into a castle of Syrie, named Cheronnese: 
Cheronness.  and leaving there with him a great guard, returned towards Seleuke.   

¶ Antigone for delivery of his Father Demetre, maketh great speed, but in the end, Demetre dieth in prison, and of the honours done to him after his death.  
The xj Chapter.  
AS Demetre lay prisoner in the castle of Cheronnese, very straightly kept and strongly guarded, yet Seleuke caused him to be very well entreated, & gave him also so much liberty to sport him as might be. For the lodging was honourable and royal, and therein great orchards and gardens full of marvelous fair and pleasant trees and other delices, in which he might at his pleasure, solace him: and left with him his own servants and familiar friends which served and accompanied him at his commandment. And they oftentimes repairing to Seleuke, and eftsoons returning towards Demetre, reported unto him all the good and courteous language and communication by Seleuke said and talked in his behalf, exhorting and praying him to make good cheer, and to hope well of his deliverance: and not to mistrust the bounty and liberality of Seleuke. They farther declared unto him for certain, that Seleuke looked for the coming of Antioch his son, and Stratonice his wife, daughter to the said Demetre, whom he had sent for, to the end they should have the honour and thank for his deliverance, and that after their coming he should be set at liberty to go whither it pleased him. Notwithstanding Demetre seeing himself in this captivity, and void of all hope of deliverance, sent certain messengers to the Governors of Athens and Corinth, his subjects, to signify unto them, that they never after that time should give any credit to his seal or letters, but hold and take him for dead. He moreover willed them as they had always loved him and kept their faith to him, that they would in the best sort they might, conserve the Realm and estate to Antigone his son. Which Antigone after he had heard the pitiful news of his father's captivity in the city of Patras, became thereof so sorrowful, 
Patras.  as he could not be more. And incontinent when he had made him his mourning gown to mourn, he sent letters and Ambassadors into every country, towards the other Kings, praying and requiring them to make intercession to Seleuke, for delivery of his Father. He sent also Ambassadors to Seleuke, praying him to take all such goods as Fortune had left him for the ransom of his father, and beside offered, if it so liked him, to come himself to be an hostage or pledge for his said father. He farther desired him presently to show and declare his humanity and courtesy, wherein he had ever surmounted all the rest of the Kings. The like request made all the other Kings, except Lysimache, who was so cruel, 
The cruelty of Lysimache.  that where the rest entreated for his deliverance, he not only refused to make that request, but contrariwise offered Seleuke a great sum of money to put him to death. Whereunto Seleuke gave no ear, but blaming and detesting his cruelty and inhumanity, refused his request and money. Nevertheless he still looked for the coming of Antioch his son, and Stratonice, because he would at their requests and pleasure deliver him: to the end, they should for that deliverance receive all the thank, favour, and good will at his hands. Howbeit, the matter (under colour of long looking for them) was so procrastinate, that Demetre in the end had no need of their help. For although he see that misery inevitable which happened him, yet determined he patiently to endure and abide it, and after her coming, he made semblance that he meekly bore it. And although from the first hour he was brought in to that place, he in hunting, running, and exercising his person, aswell on foot as on horseback passed the time, yet nevertheless after a while he held and kept an other kind of life. For, where before he took pleasure in travel, he now gave himself wholly to rest, and desired nothing but banquets, feasts and other such like pleasures, done without travel of the body: were it by that mean to pass away his melancholy humour, or else because it seemed he had found out the right order of life, which he always desired: detesting and abhorring his labours and travels heretofore taken, and the dangers and miseries which he through ambition and vain glory had oftentimes adventured. For to that only end had he beaten and traveled the Seas and all Countries, hoping ever after to take his rest and ease: whereby he might use the remnant of his life in pleasures and delights, which ease and rest he there found, unlooked for. And surely, these are the ends and issues of the wars which vicious & covetous Princes so excessively desire, 
Against ambitious Princes.  and with great labour and travel follow, placing their whole pleasure and felicity in them: wherein after my judgement they not only greatly err, in reputing vices for virtues: but also in desiring to live an idle and voluptuous life, seek after, and follow those things which are quite contrary to pleasure. But after Demetre had about three years been at Cheronnese: what with banquets, rest and ease, pleasures, and idleness, he fell into so grievous a malady, that in the end he died thereof: when he had lived. lxiiij. years. Whereupon the news soon after were throughout the whole world divulged and spread abroad, and so many as understood it, greatly blamed Seleuke, for being so ungentle towards his Ally. Himself also was very pensive and heavy in that he had greater suspicion of his friend and Ally than needed, and showed himself more wretched and fearful than Dronichete the Thracian, a barbarous and uncivil man, who after he had taken Lysimache, frankly and freely set him again at liberty. Howbeit, he commanded, that for his sepulture and burial all the honours, ceremonies and solemnities that were possible should be made, which would be to tedious to recite, and seem rather a Tragedy than an History. In so much that when his son Antigone was advertised of his death, he with his whole Navy went to Sea and sailed into Syrie, to get together his Father's Ashes. But being about the Isles, he met certain messengers which brought them, of whom he received them & enclosed it in a box of massive gold, and set it in the Poop of his ship Royal, making his course directly to sail to Corinthe. And as he sailed alongst the Cities of the country of Cheronnese, the Citizens with solemn processions came out, some bearing Crowns of gold, other brought Mourners to accompany the dead body. In this sort was borne and accompanied Demetre his body in the very top of the poop of the ship which was covered with purple, and crowned with gold, having also about it a great numbered of lusty young Soldiers, all armed in white, which renewed the remembrance of the dead. He had also an excellent Musician, named Xenophante, who in all sweetness and harmony, song the Psalms and songs accustomed in such a case, and the Galley slaves, with so great consonance haled their oars, that they answered Xenophante his song: 
Xenophante.  and all with one voice, made dolorons and lamentable noise, very pitiful to hear. Finally, when he was arrived at the port of Corinth, the towns men came out to meet it, and seeing the young Antigone in mourning apparel, all sad, and besprent with tears, were so moved with pity, that they all at one present gave a marvelous lamentable dolorous shout and cry. From thence was the body carried into the City of Demetriade, which he himself founded, and called after his own name, and it peopled with the places near about, as if it had been in his own propre domicile. Of the said King Demetre descended a right noble and honourable line or esteem. For he left behind him by his wife Phile, Antigone and Stratonice: and by Deidame, Alexander, who lived in Egypt. Over and beside these, he left two other young men, both named Demetre, whereof the one named Demetre the long, he had by his wife Illiriade: and the other he got of Ptolomayde, who after reigned Lord and King of Cyrene. There are some also which say, that Barrabe begotten of Eurydice, was likewise his son. Thus after his death the succession and posterity of the said Demetre obtained and enjoyed the realm of Macedon, until the reign of King pierce, whom the Romans after vanquished and expulsed.    
Thus endeth the History of the Successors of Alexander, extract out of Diodore the Sicilian, & some part out of the wise Plutarque, which containeth their acts & jests from the death of Alexander the great, until the death of Demetre son to the great Antigone. And whosoever lysteth to read and know the end of the other, may read the History of Troge Pompey, abridged by justine.  
FINIS.  

¶ The Table of the Chapters contained in this present volume.  


The first Book.  AFter the death of Alexander the great, Aride his brother is established King, and Perdiccas appointed his Governor. Chapter .1. 
fol. 1  ¶ Perdiccas taking upon him the government of the Realm, divideth the Satrapies amongs the Princes. Chapter .2. 
fol. 2  ¶ Perdiccas sendeth Python against the Greeks rebelling in the high countries, whom he overthroweth. And incidentlie the description of the scite and compass of all asia. Chap. 3. 
fol. 4  ¶ Of the wars that the Athenians made against Antipater, called the Lamian war. Cap. 4. 
fol. 6  ¶ Certain of the Princes upon whom Perdiccas had bestowed the government of the Provinces, go about to Seiniorize them. Cap. 5. 
fol. 9  ¶ Leonathe coming to the rescous of Antipater, is by the Athenians overthrown and slain. But after the said. Athenians are by Clythe chased and overthrown at Sea. Cap. 6. 
fol. 10  ¶ Perdiccas overcometh Ariarathes, & restoreth to Eumenes the country of Cappadoce. Cap. 7. 
fol. 11  ¶ Antipater in fight vanquisheth the Grecian army, putteth in subjection the greater numbered of the cities of Grece and Athens, and in the end restoreth them to liberty. Cap. 8. 
fol. 11  ¶ Of the exploits which Thymbron & Ptolemy did in the wars of Cyrene. Cap. 9 
fol. 13  ¶ Perdiccas entering Piside, taketh the Lamadians prisoners, and by siege so distresseth the Isaurians that they kill themselves. And at the entreaty of Antigone, Antipater and Cratere which warred upon the Etholians, concludeth a peace with them, because they would go against Perdiccas. Cap. 10. 
fol. 15  ¶ Of the transporting the body of Alexander into Egypt, out of Babylon. The form and fashion of the chariot with the Pomp and solemnity thereof. Cap. 11. 
fol. 17  ¶ Eumenes is in battle overthrown, and Cratere slain. Cap. 12. 
fol. 19  ¶ How the soldiers of Perdiccas after he had brought them into Egypt, slew him. And how Python and Aride were chosen Governors of the Kings. Cap. 13. 
fol. 21  ¶ After the death of Perdiccas, the Macedonians flay all his kin and friends in the army, and adjudge Attale and Alcete with their abettors and friends, enemies & rebels. Of the retire of Attale into the city of tire, & consequently, how he a fresh assembleth all Perdiccas friends which are escaped. Cap. 14. 
fol. 23  ¶ The Etholians to put Antipater from his enterprise, enter Thessaly, who by the Acarnanians are constrained to return into their country. And in what sort Polispercon conquereth the country of Thessaly. Cap. 15. 
fo. 24  ¶ Antipater being constituted Governor and Protector of the Kings, a new divideth the Satrapies. Cap. 16. 
fol. eodem  ¶ Antigone vanquisheth Eumenes, and besiegeth the City of Nore. Cap. 17. 
fol. 25  ¶ Of the conquests which Ptolemy made on the countries of Phenice and Celosirie. Cap. 18. 
fol. 27  ¶ Antigone enterpriseth wars against Alcete and Attale, and discomfiteth them. Cap. 19 
fol. 27  ¶ After the death of Antipater, Polispercon is ordained Governor of the Kings, & Cassander enterpriseth to expulse him the Government. Cap. 20. 
fol. 29  ¶ Antigone understanding of Antipater his death, taketh upon him the government of the Empire of asia, and sendeth to Eumenes desiring his return. Ca 2●. 
fo. 30  ¶ Aride is repulsed from the siege of the City of Cizice. Cap. 22. 
fol. 31  ¶ Antigone commenceth war against Aride, governor of Phrigie, and against Clite, Lord of Lydie. And in the end openly proclaimeth himself enemy to the Kings, and enjoyeth one part of asia. Cap. 23. 
fo. 31  ¶ Of divers adventures which happened Eumenes, and of his deliverance from the siege of Nore. ca 24. 
fo. 32  ¶ Cassander showeth himself enemy to Polispercon, and getteth to his alliance many of the satraps. Polispercon by an edict Royal, restoreth the Cities of Grece into their ancient liberty. Cap. 25. 
fol. 33  ¶ Eumenes' taking part with the Kings, goeth into Cilice: and of his practices to get men of war. Cap. 26. 
fol. 35  ¶ Ptolemy goeth about to cause the Argiraspides to kill Eumenes, whom he by his wisdom appeased, and after sendeth an army by sea into Phenice. Ca 27. 
fo. 37  ¶ Nycanor keeping and occupying the port of Pyre against the Athenians, is besieged by Alexander, Polispercon his son, and of the mutiny in the city of Athens. Cap. 28. 
fol. 38  ¶ Polispercon besiegeth Cassander in Pyrey, and perceiving that he could not win it, departeth thence and besiegeth the city of Megalopolis, where by the wisdom and policy of Demades, he is at an assault repulsed. Cap. 29. 
fol. 41  ¶ After Clyte hath overthrown at Sea Cassander, he is through the wisdom of Antigone, soon after discomfited, and finally slain in his flight. Cap. 30. 
fol. 43  ¶ Eumenes understanding that Antigone is coming against him, departeth out of the country of Cilice. And when he hath by his wisdom and industry escaped in the way the hands and ambushes of Seleuke, he cometh into Perse. Cap. 31. 
fol. 44  ¶ The Athenians make a perfect amity and inviolable peace with Cassander and ally with him. After, he killeth Nycanor, and bringeth the greater number of the cities of Grece to his alliance. Cap. 32. 
fol. 44    


Of the second book.  OF certain matters both by the Romans and the Crotonians exploited in Italy. Cap. 1. 
fol. 45  ¶ Olympias, Alexander his mother, by mean of Polispercon obtaineth the government of the Realm of Macedon, causeth King Philip and Eurydice his wife to be executed, and beside useth many other cruelties. Cap. 2. 
fol. 46  ¶ Eumenes passeth the river of Tiger, and maugre Seleuke and Python, marcheth into Susiane, and after commandeth the satraps of the higher Asie, with their whole power to meet him. Cap. 3. 
fol. 47  ¶ The satraps of the higher country of asia, to resist Python join together: and of the power they assembled. Capt. 4. 
fol. 48  ¶ Eumenes through his wisdom appeaseth the dissension of the satraps striving for the principality, and payeth his men of war. And of the preparation which Antigone for his part maketh. Cap. 5. 
fol. 49  ¶ How eight prisoners, Alcete his soldiers, through their great prows escape, and take the Town wherein they are imprisoned, and in the end again taken. Cap. 6. 
fol. 49  ¶ Antigone being come into Babylon, and joining with Seleuke and Python, is by Eumenes repulsed the passage of Tiger, to the great loss and slaughter of his people. Cap. 7. 
fol. 50  ¶ Of Antigone his coming with his army into the Country of Mede, and the dangers and hard passage he hath upon the way. Cap. 9 
fol. 52  ¶ Eumenes to please his satraps, with the whole army marcheth into the country of pierce, & by his wisdom and policy putteth Penceste, who affected the government and army, in great fear: and after reconcileth the said Penceste, and assureth himself of all the other satraps and Captains. Cap. 10. 
fol. 53  ¶ Of the battle between Antigone and Eumenes, & of their powers: and of their retire to winter without victory on either side. Cap. 10. 
fol. 55  ¶ Eumenes burieth the dead: and of a marvelous case which happened between two women of Ind. Cap. 12. 
fol. 59  ¶ Cassander understanding of that Queen Olympias had done, with his army cometh into Macedon, and besiegeth the said Olympias within the City of Pidue, where the Queen in short time is clean void of hope of all succours she looketh for. Cap. 13. 
fol. 57  ¶ Antigone thinking to surprise and discomfit Eumenes and his army, the said Eumenes (through his wisdom and diligence) frustrateth his enterprise: and by that mean saveth both his Elephants and baggage. Cap. 14. 
fol. 58  ¶ Antigone in battle overthroweth Eumenes, putteth him to death, and after seizeth on all his army. Cap. 15. 
fol. 60  ¶ Antigone retireth to winter in the Country of Mede, and of the deluge or flood which that time chanceth in the City of Rhodes. Cap. 16. 
fol. 67  ¶ Antigone by craft putteth to death Python, who beginneth to rebel: and giveth the satrapy of Mede to Orondonate: and likewise vanquisheth certain other Median rebels. Cap. 17. 
fol. 68  ¶ Antigone coming into pierce, and there received as Lord and Signior of all asia, divideth the Satrapies thereof: and after goeth to the city of Suse, and taketh all the treasure he there findeth. Cap. 18. 
fol. 69  ¶ Cassander taketh by composition Olympias, and after putteth her to death. Cap. 19 
fol. 70  ¶ After the death of Olympias, Cassander espouseth Thessalonice, Alexander the great his sister, and foundeth the city of Cassander. And after he hath put in safe keeping Roxanne and Alexander his son, he goeth into the country of Beote, and reedifieth the city of Thebes. Cap. 20. 
71  ¶ Of the foundation and fortunes of the city of Thebes in Beote. Cap. 21. 
72  ¶ After Cassander hath taken and subdued certain cities of Peloponnese, and understandeth of the coming of Alexander, Polispercon his son, against him, he returneth into Macedon. Cap. 22. 
73  ¶ Upon Antigone his arrival in Babylon, Seleuke perceiving that he seeketh occasions to expulse or kill him, flieth into Egypt. Cap. 23. 
74  ¶ Of Seleuke his practise and devise, touching the alliance and confederacy betwixt Ptolemy, Cassander, & Lysimache, against Antigone. Of their defiance they send him, and of his preparation against them. Also of his siege against the city of tire in Phenice. Cap. 24. 
74  ¶ Of the wisdom and virtue of Phile, Antipater his daughter. Cap. 25. 
77  ¶ Antigone winneth to his alliance Polispercon and Alexander his son, and by a decree by the Macedonians made, denounceth Cassander an enemy, and after taketh the city of tire. Cap. 26. 
77  ¶ Of the practises, devices and provision by Ptolemy and Seleuke on the one part, and Antigone on the other part, made by Sea in the country of asia. Cap. 27. 
78  ¶ Of certain exploits of war, by Cassander and his soldiers in Peloponnese and other parts of Grece done. And how Alexander Polispercon his son revolteth. After of a great victory which Ptolemy his Navy hath against Antigone his Navy in Cilice. And after, Ptolemy and Antigone come to a parley: and of certain exploits of war between the Romans and Samnites. Cap. 28. 
79  ¶ Of diverse exploits which Aristodeme one of Antigone his captains, doth against Alexander, Polispercon his son in Peloponnese ● and Alexander being slain, his wife through her prows, taketh upon her the government. Cap. 29. 
80  ¶ Cassander making amity with the Acarnanians and Illirians, and reducing to his alliance certain other Cities, returneth into Macedon: and the Etholians taking the city of Arginye in Acarnanye, slay and kill the inhabitants thereof. Cap. 30. 
81  ¶ Two bands of Cassander's which he sendeth to Lemne and carry, are by the soldiers of Antigone overthrown. Cap. 31. 
82  ¶ Antigone giving order about the affairs in Syrie, goeth into Phrigie: and of a notable victory which one of his captains winneth at Sea on the enemy. Ca 32. 
83  ¶ The Romans losing a great battle against the Samnites, people the City of Locres with their men. Cap. 33. 
83  ¶ Lysimache subdueth the cities of Pont and Thaure, which rebel: and after vanquisheth the Scythes, and supplies by Antigone sent into the same Country. Cap. 34. 
84  ¶ Thelesphore one of Antigone his Captains restoreth the greater number of the cities of Peloponnese to liberty. And Philip a captain of Cassander's, vanquisheth the Etholians, and the King of Epire, which came to their aid. Cap. 35. 
83  ¶ Antigone apperceiving that he is by Cassander deceived, taketh certain cities in Carie, and after cometh to a parley with Cassander. And upon little or no agreement, they begin the war in Grece. Cap. 36. 
83  ¶ The Romans win a victory on the Samnites. And the rebellious Champanois by an agreement put themselves to their obeisance. Cap. 37. 
84  ¶ Ptolemy and Antigone to despite one the other, restore diverse Cities of Grece to liberty. And the same Antigone faileth of his entry into Macedon. After are entreated the matters by Ptolome ● done in Cypress and Cilice, in the hire Syrie. Cap. 38. 
85  ¶ Ptolemy and Seleuke come into Sirie against Demetre, and in battle vanquish him. And after Ptolemy conquereth the country of Phenice. Cap. 39 
89  ¶ Thelesphore revolteth from Antigone: and Alcete by the Epirots chosen King, making alliance with Cassander, after many battles is by his subjects slain. And Cassander loseth a battle before the city of Apollonie in the country of A-dry. Cap. 40. 
92  ¶ Seleuke through his wisdom and prows, with a small numbered of men which Ptolemy had given him, conquereth the country of Babylon, together Susiane and the rest near joining, which hold with Antigone. Cap. 41. 
93  ¶ Demetre in battle vanquisheth Cylles Ptolemy his Lieutenant, and after Antigone his Father cometh and joineth with him, and then Ptolemy forsaketh the countries of Syrie and Phenice, and leaveth them to the said Antigone. Cap. 42. 
95  ¶ Antigone enterpriseth wars against the Nabathians, inhabiting the deserts of Arabia: and Athaney his Captain is by them discomfited. Also after Demetre his coming thither, he concludeth a league and amity with them. Cap. 43. 
96  ¶ Of the Lake Asphalte, and the marvelous nature thereof: also the discomfiture of Antigone his people there, by the Arabians. Cap. 44. 
99  ¶ Demetre Antigone his son, at his Father's commandment goeth to Babylon, to make thereof a conquest, and after returneth to his father. Cap. 45. 
100  ¶ The Romans under the conduct of Quinte Fabie their Dictator, win and take two cities from the Samnites. Cap. 46. 
101  ¶ After the alliance made and confirmed between Cassander, Ptolemy, Lysimache, and Antigone: Cassander putteth to death the young Alexander, and Roxanne his mother. Cap. 47. 
101    


Of the third Book.  OF certain aid which Cassander sendeth to the king of Peons: of certain enterprises by Ptolemy against Antigone, done in Phenice. How Polispercon taketh on hand to restore Hercules the son of Alexander, to the realm of Macedon. And finally of the pitiful and lamentable death of Nycocles and his whole family. Cap. 1. 
103  ¶ Of the wars between Parisade his three children, King of Bosphore, after his death, for the succession of the Realm, together their deeds and gests, and also their ends. Cap. 2. 
104  ¶ Of two victories which the Romans won against the Samnites, whereby they took many of their Cities. Cap. 3. 
107  ¶ Ptolemy Prince of Egypt, winneth from Antigone certain cities, practiseth and getteth to him Ptolemy Nephew to Antigone, and after putteth him to death. Polispercon also through the persuasion of Cassander, putteth to death Hercules the son of Alexander. And finally of Cleomenes death King of Lacedaemon. Cap. 4. 
108  ¶ Of certain victories which the Romans have upon the Tyrrhenians and Samnites. And of certain innovations by Appie Claudie the Roman Censor made, in contempt and defacing of the Senate and nobles, in favour of the commonalty. Cap. 5. 
109  ¶ After Ptolemy Prince of Egypt, hath restored one part of the cities of Grece to liberty, he for despite and in recompense of their breach of promiss with him, concludeth a peace with Cassander. And Cleopatra sister to Alexander the great, coming on her way towards him, is by the commandment of Antigone, miserably slain. Cap. 6. 
110  ¶ After the taking and razing of Munichie, Demetre Antigone his son, by his father's commandment restoreth Athens, Megare, and many other Cities of Grece to liberty: and of their liberality towards him, and the honours they judged him worthy for that his benefit and good turn. Cap. 7. 
111  ¶ Demetre, Antigone his son, vanquisheth in a battle at Sea Ptolemy, before the city of Salamine in Cypress, and by that mean winneth the whole Isle from him. And after the said Antigone, Demetre and Ptolemy take upon them the Titles and Dyademes of Kings. Cap. 8. 
112  ¶ Antigone and Demetre his son, with a mighty power invade Egypt both by Sea and land. And after, finding the entry and border of the country well provided and furnished, they return without any exploit. Cap. 9 
116  ¶ Of certain exploits of war between the Romans and Samnites. Cap. 10. 
118  ¶ Demetre by the commandment of his Father, both by Sea and land besieged the city of Rhodes. Of the great and lusty assaults they gave, and the marvelous and honourable defence that the Townsmen made. Cap. 11. 
119  ¶ Of two victories by the Romans had upon the Samnites. Cap. 12. 
124  ¶ Demetre at many assaults by the Rhodians repulsed, concludeth a peace. And departing thence, restoreth to liberty many cities of Grece. Of the death of King Eumele of Bosphore, and the reign of Spartace his son. Cap. 13. 
124  ¶ The conclusion of a peace betwixt the Romans and Samnites, and certain other their neighbours, and of their subduing the Asculaines. Cap. 14. 
130  ¶ Demetre by force and treaty taketh many Cities of Grece, and diverse other render to him: all which he restoreth to their ancient accustomed liberty. Cap. 15. 
130  ¶ The Tarentines desire Cleonyme, the Lacedaemonian, to aid them against the Lucaines': of the villainies and lecheries he committeth, and after two mischiefs which in one time betide him, he retireth into Corcyre. Cap. 16. 
132  ¶ Cassander and Lysimache attending aid from Ptolemy and Seleuke, begin to war upon Antigone, the one in Thessaly, the other in asia, and do take from him certain towns, cities and castles. Cap. 17. 
133  ¶ Antigone cometh against Lysimache, and after he hath him twice be sieged, and can not get him out to battle, they are both fain to send their Soldiers in garrisons to winter. Cap. 18. 
134  ¶ Demetre cometh into Grece against Cassander, and after certain small exploits on either side done, they grow to a composition. That ended, Demetre goeth into Hellespont, to join with his father: and of many and diverse other things. Cap. 19 
135    


Of the fourth Book.  ANtigone coming to battle against the enemy, is through the default of his son Demetre slain. Cap. 1. 
137  ¶ After this discomfiture, the Athenians would not suffer Demetre to enter their city: and how he again gathereth together his army. After, Demetre his daughter is married to Seleuke, who treateth a marriage between Demetre and Ptolomais, daughter to King Ptolemy: and of the denial he hath of two little Cities. Cap. 2. 
138  ¶ Demetre at his pleasure, taketh by siege the city of Athens: of his bounty and humanity towards them. And after besiegeth the city of Sparte in the country of Laconie. Cap. 3. 
140  ¶ Alexander King of Macedon, praying Demetre his aid, goeth about to betray him, but in the end himself according to his demerit, is by Demetre with such like practise slain, whom the Macedonians after received and honour as their King. Cap. 4. 
142  ¶ Seleuke through a fatherly love, remitteth to Antioch his fonne, his own wife Stratonice, daughter to Demetre, and giveth to them in title and name of the realm, all the higher Provinces. Cap. 5. 
144  ¶ Demetre thrice conquereth the country of Beoce, and city of Thebes, and chaseth King Pyrrhe out of the country of Trace. Cap. 6. 
146  ¶ Demetre robbing and overrunning the country of the Eholians, enterpriseth war against Pyrrhe King of Epire, and after missing of their encounter and meeting, either of them do all the mischief they can one to another's country: and of the renown and fame that Pyrrhe getteth in that war against the Macedonians. Cap. 7. 
148  ¶ King Pyrrhe entering the country of Macedon, is by Demetre expulsed. And after, Demetre raiseth a mighty power to recover his father's Realm, and the other King's link together against him. And going again to encounter Pyrrhe, who was entered Macedon, is through the mutiny of the Macedonians, enforced to fly, and after of the division of the realm between Pirrhe and Eysimache. Cap. 8. 
150  ¶ After Demetre his flight out of Macedon, he besiegeth the city of Athens, which rebelled, from whence he departeth without taking it, and goeth into asia to war on Seleuke. After he hath taken many Cities, he is so sore pressed on, that he sendeth towards Seleuke, to conclude a peace, and upon the refusal, he again commenceth the wars, and winneth on him certain victories. Cap. 9 
152  ¶ After the victory by Demetre won on Seleuke, certain of his Soldiers (by reason of a disease which happened him) forsake him: but he with the rest still warring upon Seleuke, is at last vanquished, and enforced to render, and in the end kept as a prisoner. Capt. 10. 
154  ¶ Antigone for delivery of his father Demetre, maketh great speed, but in the end, Demetre dieth in prison, and of the honours done to him after his death. Cap. 11. 
157    
The end of the Table.   

¶ Imprinted at London, by Henry Bynneman, dwelling in Knightrider street, at the sign of the Mermaid, for Humphrey Toy.  
ANNO. 1569.