A new Counsel against the Pestilence, declaring what kind of disease it is, of what cause it proceedeth, the signs and tokens thereof: With the order of curing the same.   depiction of furnace 
Imprinted at London by john Charlewood for Andrew Maunsell, in Paul's Church yard, at the sign of the Parrot.   

To the Right honourable, Sir james Hawes Knight, Lord Mayor of the City of London.  
IT is the duty of every good Magistrate, Right honourable, not only to establish good Laws for the preservation of a common wealth: but also to provide for the health of the commons. And since during the time, next under God, and our most virtuous Prince, the government of this City of London is committed to your charge: I could not devise a fit▪ Patron for this book entitled, A new counsel against the Pestilence, lately by me Englished, both for the good will I am assured you bear toward the City, and the welfare thereof: As also for that under the authority of your Honour's name, that it might be the more thankfully received, and better liked of within the same. In which City this grievous plague of Pestilence, hath more fiercely raged at other times, then now it doth: God be thanked therefore, whom I beseech it may do less: and should do less at this present, I suppose, if at your Lordship's commandment, the officers looked more nighlye unto the precise execution of such wholesome ordinances as are made in that behalf, as also for the clean & sweet keeping of the streets and other places: by omitting whereof, the air becometh corrupt & contagious, bringing the City into obloquy, the Citizens into contempt, impoverishing the commons, and depriving many of God's people of their lives. Some private causes there be also, not now to be recited, pricking me thus boldly forward to trouble your Honour with this small travail, both in respect of your virtues many ways, and for the worthiness of the writer, in whose commendation for want of time and place, I will say nothing, the work sufficiently praising itself, which notwithstanding, I commit unto your Honour's most favourable tuition, with myself, as a simple, yet hearty welwyller, and your Honour's most humble at commandment:  
T. T.   

❧ To the Right honourable the Lord Vidam Chartres, Prince of Chabanoys. Peter Droet Physician sendeth greeting.  
SO many are your benefits bestowed upon me, (Right honourable Patron, where by you would have me bounden unto you all the days of my life, both in bestowing part of your goods upon me, and in imparting the rare gifts of your mind: that if I would endeavour to declare the same in words, truly I were not able▪ And first to let pass the gifts of fortune wherewith you have sufficiently increased my wealth, I would willingly rehearse the countries which I have travailed with you: and what secrets of nature I have learned by your means & industry: what questions you have proposed unto me and other professors of Physic, drawn out of the deepest secrets and bowels of nature, whereat both they & I being astonished: have wondered at your singular learning, and marveled at your sharpness of wit, yea, I myself remember how oft I have read over the works of Hypocrates and Galen only to be able to satisfy your demands, who would dispute with more sharpness of wit than is accustomably used in our public schools, whereby you have so pricked me forward that whatsoever excellency is in me in the knowledge of Physic, which I would have to be taken as spoken without brag, I acknowledge that I have received it by your means only. For by the help of you, and your wisdom, I have had conference with the best learned Physicians both in England, Germany, and many other places: and for your sake I have learned many things of them concerning the secrets of our faculty, and found them to be true by practice and experience, whereby I am able to cure many kinds of diseases. Among all which secrets▪ I have gathered together many rare and very effectual remedies against the Fever quartain, against the infectious Pestilence, to break the stone, and against certain other stubborn diseases, never set forth in the writings of any Physicians as far as I do know. Which when I had imparted unto certain well learned Physicians, my friends and acquaintance, I regarded them somuch that by often requesting of me, they obtained, that I should set foorth into light such special remedies as I had gathered against the plague, to the commodity of the miserable estate of mankind. Wherefore (Right honourable Maecenas and Patron) though I be mindful of your good turns on me bestowed, wherewith you have bound me and all mine to be at your commandment for ever: notwithstanding since it is the part of an honest and liberal heart to desire to be more beholden to him to whom he is much beholden, I would thus much request of you, that this bookegoing forth under the salfconduct of your honourable name, and being already approved by your singular learning, and presuming on your authority, may come abroad into men's hands, whereby the posterity may wonder at you, and worthily praise you for being not only a prince of war, but a student also of liberal sciences. Far you well From my study, the iiij. of the Ideses of june. 1572.   

¶ A new counsel against the Pestilence.  

The 1. Chap.  
SIcknesses breed, saith Hypocrates, partly of 
Hippoc. in his book of the nature of mankind.  our diet: and partly of our breath, by drawing in whereof we live.  
They which come of our diet, are 
Gal. in the preface of the. 1. book of Epidem.  called Sporadici: and by our breathing are engendered Endemij, and Epidemii. We term those Sporadici, which according to the diverse & sundry trades of life do happen to this or that man, as doth Bronchocele, or rapture of the throat, unto women which devil by the lake Lemanus, and the inhabitants near to Geneva by drinking snowy water: Likewise great and swelling myltes, by drinking of cold, icy, and troubled waters: as also they which used to eat of a kind of pulse, like vetches, called Eruum, were troubled with pain in the knees: and such as feed on other kind of pulse, become weak in the thighs. Of these diseases hath Hypocrates entreated in his book of the diet in sharp sicknesses, as Galen is author in his commentary upon the ninth sentence of the second book of sharp sicknesses. And they were called Sporadici diseases, of the islands named Sporadas which lie straggling, as it were, here & there dispersed, and as Galen likewise in the third book of the administration of Anatomy, and in his book of the dissection of the veins, calleth certain veins which lie here & there one not far from another upon the skin, by name of Sporadas. The sicknesses called Endemij, be they which by reason of the contagion of the heaven, or particular air, do always molest some one place: according as Aristotle reciteth in his book entitled: Of the world, and dedicated unto Alexander, how poisoned airs rose out of corrupt Dens & Caves, which infected those that came near them, partly with an outrageous kind of madness, and partly consumed them with a pestilent quality.  
There are some also that kill a man presently, as in Phrygia: and there be many Welles, and small Lakes, and bituminous springs, or standing waters, and places where Metals have been digged, and the stinking puddles of Avernus and Lucrinus, whose loathsome vapour killeth the Dogs that do but once lick of it, be it never so little, and stifleth the Fowls that fly over it. Of these diseases hath Hypocrates 
Galen in the same place.  entreated in his book of the air, places, and waters.  
The Epidemij sicknesses, are taken by Hypocrates, in two significations. After one sort the Epidemius sickness is taken for some disease which taketh a great many of people away, whether it be flux, or tertian ague, or some like disease which reigneth among the people in some one place: howbeit for the more part, the Greek words Limos, 
Galen in the same place.  and Diathesis Limodes, are taken for the Pestilence, which invading men, women & children, of all ages, dispatcheth many out of their lives: whether it proceed first of the air, or by infection, of which diseases Hypocrates hath entreated in his book entitled Epidemiorum. Wherefore, what kind of disease the Pestilence is, what the substance thereof is, and of what causes it proceedeth, we must now declare.   

The. 2. Chap.  
THE Pestilence is a contagious air, not being the disease itself, but the nearest and most principal cause thereof, either raised with in the bodies, or caught abroad, suddenly weakening the spirits, & the powers which govern the body.  
The cause of this Pestilence, the 
Galen in the second book of Fevers.  more part of learned writers ascribe unto the air, but not all one way: for some are of opinion that the poisoning infection is sent down from the stars and planets, and so dispersed through the air: other say that the air itself is putrefied, the cause of which putrefaction they ascribe unto the conjunctions and oppositions of the planets, the Eclipse of the Sun, and Moon, and the conjunction of Saturnus, with other evil planets, by means whereof ensue sundry tempests, & great change of the air, and consequently thereof cometh divers rottenness, and putrefactions. For the air hath manifest causes of alteration, as namely the mingling of other strange air with it, or of some kind of substance else, which is most contrary unto us, as are rotten vapours: and thereof it putrefieth and waxeth pestilent, and is changed into the nature of poison. Whereby it cometh to pass, that according to proportion, this plague rageth sometime among men, sometime among beasts, and sometime among grass, fruit, & corn. And there be many things very common that are good for cattle, & will hurt men: and contrariwise will slay cattle, that will do men good. Like as many do perceive, that the feeding on naughty meats engendereth the plague, as if a man should fall into the plague, by using such evil diet, as is commonly seen in the dearth of corn and other victuals: then immediately shall he infect others, and when that disease by going from one to other hath gathered strength, and hath invaded many of all ages and sexes: it is called the Pestilence. Again, they suppose that sometime the air is infected by lower causes, of things rotten and putrefied, as of carcasies unburied, withered and putrefied herbs and weeds, privies, dunghills and such like: which afterward being drawn into our bodies breedeth the plague, as some do writ of the Putavian pit. Surely that this is the very just judgement & revenge of God, our barbarous nation being the very uttermost land of this part of the world, doth acknowledge and profess, a most manifest testimony whereof we have in Ezechiel, and in the second 
joseplius, the 7. book and. 13. cha.  of the Kings, the four and twenty Chapter.   

The. 3▪ Chap.  
THat secret force of infection which our senses cannot discern, consisteth in an humour, or some other kind of substance: for a force & power of a bodily substance, cannot so much annoy our bodies. Wherefore, I think it very requisite for to know perfectly upon what part of our body this secret poison exerciseth his tyranny, seeing according to the diversity of the place where it settleth, there ariseth not only diverse kinds of pestilences: but also a diverse order of cure is required for them. For if it be received 
Galen in the. 3. of his comet. upon the. 3. of Epid.  into the substance of the heart, it resembleth the likeness of an Hectic or consuming fever: and many times it surpriseth the spirits, and killeth the man presently: As not yet full six years since I myself saw in the Pestilence which raged in Lions: where men fell down dead to the ground, even as they were going in the streets. Sometime it resteth in the Liver, and according to the nature of the humour which it infecteth: it causeth a fever, as namely the fever called Synochus, if it have infected the blood, and a burning fever if it be choler, and the like judgement is also to be given of the other humours. A like plague unto this whereof I speak, not fully fifteen years ago reigned in Eueris, & at Vernoyle: whereas a Surgeon through the grace of God, and mine instructions, saved a great many: at which time john Renart the apothecary, a man very well learned, used singular diligence toward our countrymen, and Citizens. It happeneth also sometime, that the poisoned air being drawn through the nostrils into the brain, first hurteth the same, for sufficient proof whereof shall serve the discourse which followeth.   

The. 4. Chap.  
IT is well known by the doctrine of 
In his book of kernels.  Hypocrates, and the college of Arabians, that the principal parts have their voiding places, issues, or, as they term them Emunctories, into which they cleanse and rid away whatsoever is noisome unto them, specially if those parts be strong, and thereby, as they say, is conjecture made of the part affected: as for example, if the botch appear in the groin, it is a sign that the disease is in the Liver, or in the parts beneath the midriff: but if the sore break forth in the arm pits, they say that the heart and the parts above the midriff are infected: as they likewise gather that the infection is in the brain, if the poisoned swelling gather behind the ears, or in places thereabout: although many times there chanceth inflammation of the kernels about the ears, called Parotides, when a more vehement heat hath lifted the matter up higher, as saith Galen in the fourth book of commentaries upon the Aphorisms, the. 75. Aphorism.  
Moreover, the urine confirmeth this opinion of ours, being sometime thick and troubled, yellow, and white, as we see the same to be altered according to the humours offending, and diversity of the parts affected: as many times the skull being eaten with rottenness, and the rhyme of the brain perished with a stripe or putrefied, and when store of matter is gathered within the skull, a man shall perceive the urine to be little or nothing at all changed. For when the venom feedeth upon the sound substance of the parts, the urine is like the urine of one that is whole, which shallbe proved to be true, by this that hereafter followeth.   

The. 5. Chap.  
BUT for as much as we concluded before, that this infection is in the ay●● which we draw in by breathing, 〈…〉 s received into the inner parts of th● body through the pores of the skin, by the motion of the arteyres: how chanceth it then that the heart is not always infected, for as much as in our large breathing, the air which is drawn in by the Lungs, imparteth the contagion sooner unto the heart because of their nearness, then 
Galen in the. 3. of his comet. upon the. 3. of Epid.  unto parts be farther of, as the Liver and the Brain? Note this common reason, saith Galen, that a corrupt humour which is engendered in all by one constitution, doth not affect the same places, for that in respect of all their natures, the body was not in the same constitution at that present, but one part was weaker than another. For those parts which be stronger in quality or quantity, use to expulse and drive away the offending bumour into another that is of less resistance. Wherefore, if the heart, either of itself, or by help of Physic, be strong: then will it drive the venomous air, either to the Liver, or to the Brain. Moreover, the proportion of the putrefaction may be in cause thereof, for whatsoever hath the force to do any thing, doth not immediately execute the same upon what ever it meeteth withal, but necessary it is that there be some natural likeness 
Galen. 1. book and 4. chapter of the differences of feuer●.  between the thing Agent, and the Patient: and after this manner we affirm that Purgations draw this or that humour by reason of the likeness unto them of nature or substance. And therefore the old writers said very well, that every thing cannot work upon every thing, but only whatsoever hath some agreement with the Agent in matter, or in manner of applying them together: like as the Ephemerum Colchicum, a venomous herb so called, & the viper, bear enmity against the Liver, as may easily be perceived by the bloody flux, dropsy, and other accidents which both of them do cause, and as the biting of certain Beasts breedeth the jaundice, corrupting & converting the blood into choler. 
Galen. 5. book and. 7 chap of places affected.   
Besides this, Henbane, & the Asp, molest that part of the Brain, wherein the Animal faculty resteth, the last bringing unwakeable sleep, the first distracting the mind, which it doth not by 
Galen in his book of treacle unto Piso.  reason of cold, as late writers affirm.  
For bryony, which is hot, worketh also the same effect, howbeit the extreme cold that is in Houselike, in Lettuce, or Poppy, troubleth not the wits. The Basilisk, slayeth a man suddenly, consuming the spirits which he doth, they say, by sight and hissing. The Taxus, 
Galen in the same place Dioscorides in the. 4. book.  which seem suppose to be the Ewtrée, killeth with his shadow, specially in hot countries, those that sleep under it▪ strangling them presently, like as the Hemlock, with his passing cold quality, extinguisheth natural heat.  
These causeth of so sudde in death proceedeth from no other thing, then the peculiar kind of poison, which at the first assault invadeth the castle of life. For every thing hath his peculiar mixtion, from whence spring forth those properties of substance. And these things are no less proper unto the air also, than they are common unto plants, & brute beasts, so that the diverse kind of putrefaction which is in the air, infecteth or affecteth the divers parts of our bodies, after a diverse kind of manner. 
Hippocr. in his book of the air. &c  For look what the air is, such must needs our humours and spirits be, wherein the soundness or infirmity of the parts consisteth. And this was the cause that Hypocrates wrote, how that the sundry mutation of times, procureth many diseases: as namely, if the Summer be dry, and the wind North, the Harvest very rainy, and the wind South, the winter following are like to ensue pain in the head, coughs, hoarseness, rheums, and stuffing in the head, and many shall fall into consumptions: likewise some other disposition of the Summer and Harvest, engendereth other kinds of diseases: so that sometime they proceed from the brain, & sometime depend upon other parts, according to the diverse temperature of the air, and Hypocrates very learnedly hath set down in the third book of his Aphorisms, in his book of Epidemies, and of the air, places, and waters.  
But the authority of D. Ambrose Pareus, whom posterity acknowledgeth for the third sun of Aesculapius, doth much lighten and confirm this opinion: who opening the bed wherein one lay sick of the Plague, felt a most filthy and pestilent savour, rising from the plaguy botch and carbuncle, which so struck his Brain, that presently he fell in a sown to the ground, without feeling any pain at the heart, or other accident that might declare that the heart, or stomach, or any other part of the body were affected: at length, recovering strength he arose, and his brain began to expulse that contagious air, with so forcible sneezing, that the blood therewith gushed out of his nose: and unless, said he, the expulsive faculty of my brain had been strong, doubtless I had died, for the Animal or living faculty had been therewith utterly oppressed.  
Thus you see, loving Reader, by the example and judgement of so notable a man, that this poison may first infect the brain, no other part being hurt.  
For there is a perpetual drawing of 
Gal. in his comment. upon Hippocr. of humours.  air into the brain, in every breathing creature, in at the nostrils through the bones called Istmoidea into the foremost ventricle or cell of the brain, where the smelling virtue remaineth, whereby it cometh that it imparteth most readelye unto the brain that infection which it receiveth, before that it convey it unto the heart. For it cannot come unto the heart until such time as it be well laboured in the Lungs, whereas by the tareing there it looseth some part of the venomous quality▪ or else infecteth the hollowness of the Lungs, or the thin skins and rhymes within the breast, or the Midriff, whereby many times in the Pestilence, cometh spitting of blood, as Guido de Cauliaco hath noted in the same plague which beginning first at Auenion. was dispersed over all Europe. Likewise the painful Catarrh with shortness of breath, which the Frenchmen termed Coqueluche, which awhile ago raged over all Europe, was caused by the air, declaring itself to be pestilent even by the very force thereof, and going from man to man which was the kind of that infection do to: and notwithstanding, all 
Gale. in his comment.  the accidents and tokens declared that by similitude of passion, the brain was likewise affected, as were heaviness and pain in the head with desire to sleep, the mur, stuffing in the head, and distillation into the Lungs & stomach. The like unto this, is to be found in Hypocrates in the third book of Epedemies, where he describeth a pestilent state: For many were diseased in the jaws, had impediments in their speech, their bellies were troubled with lasks, many warred rotten, and fell into consumptions, so that the next winter following, we were much troubled with contagious squincies in these quarters, which came to pass with changing of the wind from the South to the North, as it is to be learned out of the twenty fourth Aphorism of the first book of Hypocrates Aphorisines. And afterward Hypocrates addeth, and the diseases, saith he, which the pestilent air doth bring, if it once offend the liver, are burning fevers, dropsies, putrefaction of the lower part of the belly, and privities, and when, saith he, the rottenness had taken deeper roots, many lost their arms, and from some the whole cubit from the elbow forward fell away.  
The like kind of Pestilence was 
1. Book of fevers. and. 5. of simple medicines.  that which Galen citeth out of Thucydides, to have reigned in Athens. But if all these proofs can not sufficiently persuade thee, rememember that the Leprosy is a contagious disease, the contagion whereof proceedeth of the air, corrupt and infected by leprous persons, which being drawn in by breathing: infecteth others, the contagion taking hold on the Liver, which is the seat of the Leprosy: even so, one that is sick of the plague, disperseth the infection abroad in the air, which infecteth those that are about him with the same sickness: whereby it happeneth that the same disease, and having the very same accidents many times continueth a year or two together, as I remember it chanced once in England.  
Measelles, by consent of all ancient writers, take their original of an infection sent down from the celestial bodies into the air, and are of the kind of Epedimious diseases, and the forerunners of some grievous & mortal pestilence, the cause whereof is the heat and boiling of blood, and are to be numbered among diseases of the liver. And that there is in these a most manifest infection to be taken one of another, every simple woman can tell, and Races maketh them one kind of the Pestilence.  
Thus all that we have hitherto said do prove▪ that the Pestilent air sometime infecteth the Brain, sometime the liver, and sometime the heart, according to the diversity of the putryfaction▪ and the diverse disposition of the body.  
For as fire is sooner kindled in dry 
Aphrodiseus the. 88 question of the. 2. book.  straw, then in green wood: so likewise the infected air being dispersed abroad and breathed in, sooner overthroweth such bodies as are stuffed with evil humours, than those that are clean and pure from any such, and for this cause you shall see among a great many that were about one which was sick of the plague, one only many times to escape the sickness: and even so all that look upon sore eyes, become not sore eyed: but such only in whom the infection had like matter to work upon. And this is the 
The. 104. question of the. 2. book of problems. The. 5. question of the 6. book of problems.  cause, why for the most part, soreness & blearenesse of the eyes useth to come before a plague, as Aphrodiseus writeth. Because, saith he, the plague is a disease of the spirits, and when this troubled and corrupted spirit is carried up to the head, it molesteth the eyes, and hurteth them before any other thing, for being subtle and movable, it goeth first unto the eyes. Not unlike unto this, is that which Aristotle very fitly demandeth, how it chanceth that when evil tidings or sorrowful news are told us, we suddenly shake & quiver: and the beholding of affections in other before our eyes, breed the like affections in us also: for when we see another eat some sour thing, our teeth wax in an edge, and if we hear a saw filled, or a Pumice 
The. ●. question of the 7. of the problems.  stone cut, we tremble & quake for cold? The cause of all these, as saith Aristotle is the spirit, which entering within our senses, moveth us, altering, and many times extinguishing the spirits which are within our bodies, howbeit then by likelihood & proportion they should more easily change the spirits which remain in she heart, Brain, and liver, then in the uttermost part of the teeth. But a man shall not easily persuade the common people▪ or the new writers in this point, as that the filthy & stinking Kennels and dirty places of the City, do only hurt the Brain.  
The Colic (whereof next after 
The. 3. book chap. of the pain of the colic, and chap. of the palsy, and Hipp. also.  Hypocrates, Paulus Aegineta maketh mention) in the year. 1572▪ reigned generally, and did very much harm, killing many: For all that were sick of it, fell into the Palsy, or falling sickness, and many died thereof, either in the fit, or not long after, as I observed it in the house of my good Lord and exhibitour, and in the monastery of Casa dei, or God's house, near unto our dwelling called Rugla: for the nuns which dwelled there, could not provide for their health by any other means then by flight, and change of place.  
And more than fifteen year since, this grievous disease much afflicted our countrymen and Citizens also, and even this last winter it wandered here among our next neighbours, as it reigned at Abbeville, in the year of our Lord. 
Emerius in his book of the pestle.  1554. of the cure whereof I mean Godwylling to entreat in my book of diseases which came by inheritance.  
And this much thou hast already, Loving Reader, concerning the cause, and place of the Pestilence: and now hearken farther to the signs and tokens thereof.   

The. 6. Chap.  
IF the putrefaction of the corrupted 
Signs of ● the infection be in the spirits.  air do take hold on the spirits, the heat is not sharp nor pricking, the patients feel a greater heat in their breast, then in any other part of the body, the pulse is nothing weak, but sometime more quick than it is wont, but yet not to swift as when the imperfection is in the humours: the urine is like unto the natural, there issueth no sweat, but some moisture appeareth on the forehead and in the neck, the tongue is dry and rough, they thirst not much, nor toss themselves hither & thither, because the natural strength is wholly overthrown: they sown often, there appeareth upon them neither botch, nor blain, nor God's marks, neither have they the lask, but die suddeinlie, unless they be well looked unto at the first assault of the sickness.  
But when the putrefaction hath invaded 
If in the substance of the heart.  the sound substance of the heart than it bringeth a fever, as I have said, like to an Hectic or a consuming fever: in which there is no great heat, but that which is lurketh within, consuming and putrefiing the substance of the heart, burning it and all that is therein: the patients feel not themselves to be in an ague, or to be sick at all, & so soon as they have eaten meat▪ they fall into a cold sweat, their pulse is indifferent, almost natural, but somedeal quicker and weaker: their urine is like ones in good health, they rave not, they are not troubled with the lask, nor grieved with any other accident. The like plague unto this, reigned at Lions and Vienna, in the year of our Lord 1525. as Montuus reporteth.  
If the pestilent air being drawn 
If in the brain.  in at the nose or otherwise, have possessed the brain: the signs thereof are tremblings and sadness, the party feeleth great pain in the head, be raveth at the first assault of the sickness, he is troubled with a choleric distillation out of the head into the stomach, Lungs, and neither parts, he is either very sleepy, or aboundeth in over watching, he hath swelling in his neck, and about the ears, the daysling of the head, hissing in the ears, with readiness of the face, and beating of the temples. This plague reigned in Auernia, in the year of our Lord. 1546.  
Many are of opinion that the Pestilence 
If in the liver.  is a third kind of the burning Fever, and judge that it proceedeth of Melancholic blood, either putryfying, or boiling by reason of the putryfying: which they gather to be so, by the resemblance which it hath to a continual quartain, and the smellings which use to appear in such Fevers. Howbeit unless all the ancient writers, and this our learned age also, have been very much overseen, the Fever is not of the very substance of the sickness. For albe it for the more part she join herself unto it as a most painful companion, and a whelp of the same hair, notwithstanding the whole order of the cure showeth that they differ even by whole kind. And because the place of making blood and other humours, is by nature appointed unto the liver, I will show the signs 
If in blood.  of every one: beginning first with the signs that declare the infection to be in the blood, which are these, heat not biting, but gentle and mild, a stiff and strutting weariness of the whole body, stinking sieges, large and liquid: lying of the patient upon his back, heaviness of the head, beating of the temples, raving and idle speech after the fourth or seventh day, small thirst or none at all, a filthy tongue, urine at the beginning almost white, afterward growing redder and confused: all the body over, specially upon the back, breast, and arms, little read whelks rising, not unlike to fleabites.  
If the infection be in Choler, the diseased 
If in choler.  are vexed with that unquietness which the Grecians term Lismos, feeling such an extreme burning within them, that thèy alway cry to be removed to some colder place, although their outward parts are not hot at all: their face is sometime pale, and sometime read, they thirst much, their tongue is very dry, they never sleep, their breath stinketh, they breathe hardly, for which cause and by reason of their immoderate heat, they desire to draw in fresh air continually: their sieges are choleric, thin, stinking, and fatty: and sometime they make water very yellow, watrishe, and thin.  
When the infection hath taken hold 
If in Phlegm.  on the rawer part of the blood, than the patient sleepeth continually, the body is slothful, and the parts thereof weary, the belching sower, soft and phlegmatic, swellings do arise with other signs more, declaring the dominion of phlegm. And therefore tender and moist natures are sooner infected then old men, and such as are given to labour, or that are of a cold and moist temperament, and brought up with cold meats.  
But when this pestilent corruption 
If in Mclancholie.  of the air hath invaded the dregs of the blood called Melancholy, the patient will be very careful and heavy, and much more sorrowful than he was wont, he becometh distracted, the pulse is small and deep, the urine like the wine of Pomegranates, blackish, and whatsoever sores or botches break out in the body, they represent the colour and complexion of their humour.   

The. 7. Chap.  
hitherto we have entreated of the signs, it followeth now that we come to the cure, which consisteth in two points, in preventing and driving away the sickness. The pestilent air is avoided many ways. First, if we keep away all occasions of the bringing of it to the place where we devil, as we read that Marcus Varro did at Corcira: for when he perceived how that there were some sick in every house round about him, he shut his windows which opened to the South, and he opened them that were to the North, and so preserved all his family in good health: howbeit that which Varro did toward the South, I think aught to be done also when the wind is East, north-east, and West also: for if the wise and diligent Physician do well mark it, he shall perceive that the plague increaseth when those winds do blow. So likewise it is necessary to change place, as from low places to go unto higher, when the plague is engendered by corruption of the air: but if the wind bring the plague out of one cuntreye into another, than were it kest to descend from a high dwelling to a lower, where the ground is watrishe, and the air thick, which will hardly receive the impression of the supernal bodies. And when we have chosen an house, than the pestilent air is to be corrected, by burning of such things as either by secret or manifest quality are contrary to the infection, as are the Trochisces which follow. Take Styrax calamity, Benjoin, of each one dram: read Roses, Lavender, Cypress, of each half a dram: with rose-water & Tragagant, make Trochisces, burn them in a chafingdish of coals, or else burn with them of the composition called Gallia, or Alipta moscata, and such like.  
It were very good also for this purpose to burn such woods and herbs as yield a sweet savour, as Rosemary, Sage, Lavender, bay, Cyprus' wood, Iuniper, the wood & the barries, the wood Aloes, Cinnamon & Cloves. Likewise the sprinkling of sweet waters about the chamber, amendeth the evil disposition of the air, as the water of Lavender and Maierom, but these are most to be used when the air is moist, cloudy, and cold: For the warm air more speedily and readily pierceth into our bodies, and is soon infected with the quality of some other thing, as Avicen hath noted in his first book, in the Chapter of variety of seasons: Wherefore provision must be made that it wax not very hot, by sprinkling of fair water and vinegar, rose-vinegar: by setting up willow boughs, and by strawing the Chamber with water lilies, flags, and such like.   

The. 8. Chap.  
BUt now it is not enough in this manner to have amended the air, but also the principal parts must be strengthened, both with things received inward, and applied outward, to th'intent they may the more valiantly withstand the pestilent air. And among those things to which the Grecians give name for that they be hanged about us: I like especially of twain: the one is, if a hole be made in a hasyll nut, and the kernel b●e pulled forth with a pin, and the place filled up again with common quicksilver, and hanged about the neck, it preserveth a man wonderfully from the pestilence. This Medicine I learned above twelve years ago, of the Physician to the Right honourable the Lord Vidam that now dead is. For at what time Henry the second, King of France, lead his army into Germany, and at the siege of the City of Ment● he preserved not only himself, but also his Surgeon which went to them that had the plague, and dressed them: Of this Medicine Marsilius Ficinus speaketh.  
There is also another such medicine, 
The. 7. cha. of his book of the Pestilence.  and it is Christialline, and read Arsenic, the effect whereof I learned at Argentine and Basil, in the year of our Lord 1564. at what time the plague reigned almost over all Germany. But for as much as Georgius Agricola in his third book, of the nature of things digged out of the ground, and after him Theodosius Montuus have sufficiently disputed of this matter, I will only set down the receipt of the Medicine, which is after this manner: Take Arsenic crystalline and read, of each a like quantity, beat them into powder, whereof with the white of an egg, or the Mucciladge of Tragagant, you shall make a lozenge a finger thick, then fold it in a double piece of silk, & apply it unto the region of the heart: but beware that the moist Arsenic, exulcerate not the skin, and therefore in the morning you must diligently wipe the place, or at what time so ever else the patient sweateth, for which cause it were good to put a fair linen cloth between: The Arsenic being 
The. 8 book chap of the hardness of the Spleen.  applied, strengtheneth as well the heart as the milt, as Trallianus writeth, but it worketh not that effect of custom, as Theodosius saith. Surely in this one point God wonderfully declareth his providence, when he teacheth us to apply strong and deadly poisons unto our commodity: as Galen showeth in the eleventh book of simple Medicines of the wine made of Uipers: and our men of late time have applied the oil of Scorpions in the cure of the plague with so good success, that only with the anointing of this oil they drive away the evil quality of the pestilent air, by example of them which have grievous ulcers in their feet. D. Ambrose Pareus giveth this counsel, that they which will go visit the sick of the plague, should first make issues in their arms and legs, because nature useth to purge out by those places whatsoever venomous humour is in the whole body, & driving that thither whatsoever gathereth unto any principal part.  
Moreover, an ointment made of Laserpitium, the fat of venomous Serpents, and Vitriol is much commended: or if of these be made a broad cake and folded in silk, and laid upon the heart and arteries. I have also used the Linament which followeth not only in the Pestilence, but also in the quivering of the heart, which is thus made: Take of the juice of Cardiaca one ounce, of camphor half a dram, of Saffron one scruple, with as much wax as sufficeth, make thereof an ointment, and therewith anoint the region of the heart: or make an ointment of the juice of bugloss, Borage, and Saffron. There may also be one made to the same effect of roses, violets, read Saunders, cinnamon, Cloves, Lavender Flowers, Orange pills, & the wood Agallochum, which is prepared in manner following. Take of the three kinds of Saunders, Roses, Wormwood, agrimony, of each half an ounce, beat them into powder, and boil them over a soft fire an hour & an half, then strain the liquor, and wring it hard through a linen cloth, then seeth it again over the fire, until it come to the thickness of Honey, than put thereto the juice of Lettuce, smallage, wild succory, of each three drams, Camfyre a dram, and with a little wax make thereof an ointment, and anoint therewith the region of the Liver. After this order the ointments which are prepared, I better like of, not only in the Pestilence, but also in other continual Fevers, then if the powders were put in whole, for else how could those thick and gross powders mingled with the juices and oils, do any good unto the place? Like wise there may be made semblable ointments for the heart, of the root of Lormentill, zedoary, Roses, & such like. It is good also to drop into the ear, a two or three drops of the oil of Sage, or Cloves, with a little Musk. I prepare oils for that purpose after this manner: Take of Nutmegs one ounce, Cloves, and cinnamon, of each half an ounce, dry Sage an ounce, sweet Almonds two ounces, make them all into powder, and sprinkle them with Aqua vitae, and press it hard as you would do oil of Almonds: and use it as is afore declared: and with the same oil you may anoint your temples and nostrils. It is good also to keep a piece of the rind of a Citron in the mouth, or cinnamon, zedoary, Angelica, or such like. Our husbandmen in the country smell unto herb grace, it were not a miss neither to bear in a sponge to smell unto, cinnamon water, rose vinegar, rose water, or this sweet ball, the description whereof ensueth: Take roses, Styrax calamity, Cloves, of each two ounces, Arrace roots of Florence, three ounces, Musk two scruples, of these make a sweet ball. Some steep Cloves in vinegar all night, & eat them in the morning, and wash their face, arm holes, and privy parts with vinegar. The Physicians of Germany, shave the root of the great cloat leaf, and steep it in vinegar a night or more, than they roll it in Sugar, and give it in the morning to prevent the plague. But I use to say the same root to sook in white wine, or wine of wormwood, and in the morning give it to drink with Sugar.   

The. 9 Chap.  
THose things which are received in at the mouth to prevent the sickness, are partly Medicines against poison and infection, and partly purgative remedies, for we hope that such purgatives are only needful for this purpose, as do cleanse the first region of the body, without moving the humours. For we must take heed lest by sharp and strong purgations we 'cause a lask, which were very dangerous in this disease. For in a pestilent constitution, the humours be moved by the smallest occasion that may be, and forcibly do run down into the belly: such purgatives whereof we now speak, are Rhabard & agaric made in infusion in the decoction of such herbs as are natural, good against this infection, adding thereto the Syrup made by infusion of Damask roses, of Violets, of Succorye compound, and such other like, as in respect of the age, custom, and temperament, may be prescribed by the skilful Physician. Howbeit, for children I use rhubarb thus prepared. Cut rhubarb into small slices, & moisten them with the vapour of white wine, then steep it with cinnamon a day and a night in rose water, in Summer: but in Winter in white Wine and rose water mingled together, and when the rhubarb hath lost his colour in the water, then drain that water away and put fresh too, and thus shall you do until the rhubarb colour the water no more: then take those coloured waters, and boil them to the one half over a good fire for temperate heat: then put unto this liquor, Sugar or Honey, and boil it again unto the consistence of a Syrup perfectly boiled, and then put the slices of rhubarb into the syrup: Of this syrup you may minister two or three spoonfuls unto children of two or three year old, and to them that are elder, you may give one slice of the rhubarb with the syrup. With this Medicine you shall not only preserve them from the plague, but also slay and drive forth the Worms that be in the guts. Or else, when you have thus sliced your rhubarb, mingle it with the syrup of Violets, Succory, or roses, and while the substance of the rhubarb is somewhat soft, seeth the syrup again, & when it is cold put thereto rhubarb again with cinnamon & cloves, and minister four or five slices with two sponfuls of syrup. And unto those that are elder, but delicate, we use to prescribe in Winter pills of rhubarb, Aloës, agaric, Sene, and Mirobalanes, according to the custom of their life, & diversity of natures: and in Summer we give Potious made of the same, or the like. The manner of making whereof is this: Také rhubarb an ounce and a half, agaric one ounce, Sene cleansed four ounces, cinnamon one dram, Ginger half a scruple, Anise and Fenell seeds of each two drams, beat them into a gross powder, and sprinkle it with Aqua vitae, afterward steep it in Borage water, or fair common water: and when it is sufficiently coloured, then strain it, then power the like water upon the dregs, and let it steep as before, then strain it and wring it, and boil the strained liquor over a soft fire, until it come to the consistence of Honey, than put Sugar thereto, and keep it to your use: give of this three pills for half a dram, more or less according to the age, strength, and temperament. I knew one in England, Baptista Agnelli, who had spent all his life in the art of Distilling, he used this Opiate in the time of Pestilence with very good success, whose description followeth: Take agrimony, Wormwood roman, of each two handfuls, Anise half an ounce, Seen two ounces, boil them in common water, the space of four hours, then strain them all strongly, and unto the strained liquor put an ounce of Sugar, of cleansed Cassia two ounces, make it after the manner of an Opiate, whereof you may give half an ounce at a time, for it purgeth gently, without troubling the humours. Some put Manna to the syrup of Roses, and so make an Opiate. But all writers commend the pills called Ruffi, or Common, or of Aloes, Saffron, and Myrrh, not only because they purge evil humours, but because they resist putrefaction, strengthening the heart, liver, and other parts, and consume superfluous moistures, which br●●de great occasion of this disease, as 
Book 4. ●en 1. cha. 4.  Avicen writeth. But they which can not take purgations, they must often have their bellies moved with a glister: or they in whom blood alone, or joined with other humours, is found much abounding, would have some taken from them after these above rehearsed evacuations, specially if they have been accustomed to letting of blood, and have large veins, and be much given to drinking of Wine, and eating of flesh.   

The▪ 10. Chap.  
THus when at sundry times the body hath been gently purged, let the Patient take betimes in the morning fasting a dram of this Opiate following: Lake old treacle one dram, conserve of the flowers of Tunica, and rosemary●, of each three drams, with the juice of a Citron, make them up in the form of an Opiate. Or thus: Take the roots of Angelica, zedoary. tormentil, of each one ounce, cinnamon two drams, the rind of a Citron a dram, bring these into powder, and boil them in rose water, an hour and a half, then strain it hard, and boil the strained liquor with Sugar sufficient unto the consistence of Honey, and make it an Opiate, or make it an Clectuarye in lozenges. After the same order you may make a very good Opiate of the juice of green Iuniper berries, with Sugar, to coal the stomach, to expel the gravel out of the reins, and to fortify the principal parts. Or thus: Bruise the berries and boil them in common water to the third part, then boil the strained liquor again as I have showed before. Of Bole, zedoary, Gentian, and Angelica may be made trochisks, with the juice of Borage, Scabious, & Pimpernell. But those that ensue I use more commonly, and they are more pleasant to be taken: Take ten Citrons and cut them into many pieces, the tops of Borage an handful, good white wine three pints, still them in an earthen vessel, and there will drop forth very clear water, soot, & pleasant to taste, take of this water two ounces every morning fasting. Another: Take Aqua vitae three ounces, rose-water an ounce and an halfe●, wherein lay a steep of cinnamon three drams, yellow Saunders one dram, strain it through an hairen strainer, & sweeten it with conserve of roses, take one ounce thereof every morning either in a spoon, or upon a toast of bread. Another: Take tormentil, Bistort, Zedoary, Enelacampane, of each one ounce, devils bit, Scordium, Saucealone, wild Sorrell, Pimpernell, of each half an handful, Borage and violet flowers, Taxus Barbatus, the tops of Rue one gripefull, Citron seeds, and Carduus benedictus, ofech two drams, Iuniper berries three drams, Cloves, Nutmegs of each a dram and an half, plde treacle, an ounce and an half, good white wine, a pint and an half, distill them all in Balneo, and minister two ounces of this distilled water.  
The most wicked and desperate varlets, whom the Magistrates of Lions put to death for carreing about and increasing the plague, when they were led to execution, confessed, that they preserved themselves from the Pestilence with none other thing then a walnut, which they toasted or scorched a little against the fire before they eat it.  
Leonhardus Fuchsius told me once in his own house, that there was nothing more wholesome against the plague, than an Electuary of Eggs, and that it was a common thing among the Germans, both to prevent and to cure the plague, and he said as much also of Angelica.   

The. 11. Chap.  
FOr as much as at the beginning of this disease, there is great plenty of evil humours gathered into the stomach, and other common passedges of the body, which may easily be discerned by the burning, and biting of the stomach, unquenchable thirst, loathing, vomiting of phlegm, choler, or some other humour: then must the cure be begun by cleansing the belly with a suppositour, or common Olyster. Afterwards the patient may take a dram of mine electuary, whose description is to be found in the ●yght Chapter, and two or three hours after that, you must provoke vomit with Antimony, whose preparation you shall find described in the end of this treatise.  
But to the intent that the patient may vomit with more ease and less trouble unto him, it were good for him to sup the broth of a Chick, an hour or twain after he have received the vomit, and to do so as often as he perceiveth himself moved to vomit. For the corrupt humours which the Antimony hath drawn into the capacity of the stomach, will be without any trouble cast forth with the breath. For vomiting upon an empty stomach is painful. But they that have not Antimony in aredines, let them take one or two of the inner kernels of the strange Indian Nut, which is as pleasant unto the mouth, as the Filbeard or Walnut, but it provoketh vomit very strongly, a medicine truly not to be despised, for it needeth no preparation, and may always be at hand in areadines. The effect of this Medicine I learned at And warp, of an Italian Surgeon, when I travailed that way out of England into Germany. At the last Navigation out of Hispania nova, the Admiral of the fleet brought great store of these into Normandy: the Tree whereon they grow, as he told, is all the stem over full of sharp prickles like the hip tree, and as big as our plum trees, full of boughs growing straight forth at the top, whereof the fruit groweth like a Chestnut, wherein are contained four or five nuts, blackish, somewhat long, round, and like filbeards. These, when the prickly husk gapeth with ripeness, many times fall down alone. But because no man shall think that I father some glorious lie in sight of the world, upon these rare merchandise, which are brought out of India, the steed and virtues of this Nut may be supplied by fine kernels or seeds of the herb called Palma Christi, or commonly Ricinum, for they purge the belly, and there withal provoke vomit, peradventure as well as Matthiolus his Antimony doth. But good heed must be taken, lest being delighted with the sweetness of the meat, there be too many eaten of them, for than they will 'cause a superpurgation: the proof whereof I found of late in a certain noble man, who, I being not privy thereof, devoured fifteen kernels, and with sieging & vomiting had almost purged out his life. I myself a few years since being in England, ministered two ounces of the herb Erisinum, with the waters of bugloss, Scabious, & Carduus benedictus to provoke vomit, with so good success, that at one time the pacientes vomited, and drove out their sores. Some give the distilled water of wild Sorrel, mingled with vinegar, and a little Vitriol, to provoke vomit. Take Bolearmoniack prepared, cinnamon, of each a dram & an half, the root of Dittamnie, Tormentill, Pimpernell, Gentian, of each two drams, the seeds of the Citron, and of Sorrell, of each a dram & an half, of all kinds of Saunders, zedoary, Angelica, Scordium, shavings of ivory, of each one dram, & of the horn of a young heart, shaved near unto the head, half a dram, make thereof a powder with thrice so much Sugar. The quantity to be ministered is one dram, or four scruples in the water of bugloss, Scabious, or in the syrup of Lemons. Above fifteen year ago, I knew a Surgeon at the City of Rouen, an old man, who was found & maintained by the common charge of the City, to the intent he should go unto all the Citizens that were sick in time of Pestilence: He used at the first assault of the sickness to let them blood, as I will afterward declare, and afterward he gave them prepared Calcanthum, as he termed it, to provoke them to vomit, with good success. The same also used Antimonic, before that Matthiolus had set forth his commentaries upon Dioscorides, and this is the manner of preparing the Calcanthum: Take vitriol roman and dry it very diligently, then dissolve it in water, & cleanse the water clearly from the residence, then Evaporate this cleared water away, & you shall have your vitriol in the bottom like salt, which you may use with conserve of roses, of the flowers of rosemary, or Borage water, two scruples or one dram of the salt at a time: touching this matter, seek more in Guainerius Fumanellus, and Amatus Lusitanus. In smaller diseases, I have commonly used to give a vomit of the seed of Arrage, Radish, Walwort, Broome, & the root of Assarabacca, & the diligent Readers may seek for the like receipt in the books of practitioners, always remembering this, that in this diseasey, as strongest must be used, that the humorie may not be stirred only, but expelled also. And when the patient hath made an end of vomiting, he must be comforted with such things as nourish much & speedily, as is the water of flesh, whose description followeth: Cut a Pertridge, capon, or any other kind of flesh into thin & broad slices, & seeth them over the fire with the powder of Diamargariton frigidum, conserve of Marygold flowers, bugloss, & of rosemary flowers, until they be resolved into liquor, this water shall you drain from the grounds, & give it the patient to drink. To the same purpose may be made strengthening broths, & suppings of flesh, pouned and wrong in a press, called collyces, and such like: then afterward to amend the harm which the stomach hath taken by the recourse of evil humours unto it, it were very wholesome to minister some of the substance of a Quince, with a little of a Citron condite, that by diligence we may restore as much as the vomit hath weakened.   

The. 12. Chap.  
THey which have no liking to vomit at the beginning of the sickness, or when they have done vomiting, let them, if it be possible, sweated abundantly. For those medicines which provoke sweat do not only help to the driving forth of botches, but also expel the very seed & ground of the pestilent putrefaction with the thinnest part of the blood through the small passages of the skin. The proof hereof is clear, if we take a precedent from the cure of the French pocks: for as no man will grant that they be perfectly healed, unless the sores be cured by bringing them unto suppuration by sundry & often times sweeting, or by any other means whereby the poisoned humour which possessed the principal part be drawn forth: so likewise neither can the pestilent disease or plague be remedied, unless the nearest & chiefest cause, together with the bumor whereon it feedeth, are by nature voided into the proper issue, or some other convenient place. Now therefore must we do our best in describing the most fit & sovereign medicines to provoke sweat. And among the residue that are devised by the expert in the secrets of Philosophy, as principal are commended the salt made of wormwood, & of Scabious, being such as being ministered in very little quantity, do not only provoke sweat very abundantly: but also withstand this sickness mightily. And no marvel, since Hypocrates said, that salt cureth the jaundice: For salt by cutting & making thin, dischargeth the stopping of the entrails, & by the virtue which it hath to dry, it resisteth putrefaction, which many times is joined with the jaundice and the pestilence. If these properties be common to the salt which we eat with our meat, much more is it peculiar unto this kind of salt whereof I now speak, which hath in it a fiery quality of the thing, out of which it is drawn. The making of the salt is after 
Raymun. Lul in Clavicula.  this manner. Take wormwood roman, & scabious, & burn them to ashes, & pour common fair water unto them, & boil them half an hour & more, then strain the water, & put fresh unto the ashes, and boil it as before, which you shall do so often until in boiling the water change neither taste, nor colour Then cleanse these waters which you have kept, either through a cloth, or by dreaning, and 'cause it to be evaporated away by a soft fire, and you shall have the salt in the bottom & sides of the vessel, whereof you shall give x. grains in white wine, delayed with the water of bugloss, conserve of roses, or the water of Citrons before described. With this Medicine only many were saved of the plague, in the year of our Lord 1567. at what time it reigned over all England & Germani. You may also after the same manner, and to the same purpose, draw a salt out of Angelica, zedoary, Guaicum, & such like: But this much I advertise the Readers, the unto sweeting medicines they put some thing that may help the part affected by natural inclination, as if the grief be in the Liver, give the salt in the decoction of such herbs as experience hath taught do comfort the Liver, & the like discretion is to be used in the other parts. Jerome of Flaunders a Surgeon, when he was once heartened by the plague that was at London, began boldly to go visit first his friends, & afterward the common people of the Englishmen that were sick, to the imitation of them who having once escaped the danger of the Sea & war, go unto the same again with better courage, hoping the hay may escape harder perils, as safe they did before. And this was a cause to make them less despair of recovery. He gave them ten or twelve grains of salt made of the Ash tree, which he had of a friend, which he ministered unto them in the conserve of Borage, Rosemary flowers, Roses, or in the water of Carduus benedictus, or Scabious, & immediately their bodies ran all on a sweat, & the sick were recured, either the malice of the disease being overcome or driven forth into some voiding place, as he faithfully reported the same unto me, and other his friends.  
These things have I not gathered out of the most vain trifles of Paracelsus, as Andernacus a man very well learned, & Adamus a Bodestein can well remember, but rather out of Geber, & Raymundus Lullius. For Geber saith, that of every 
In Claus●● la.  thing may be made Lime, of Lime salt, of salt, water, or oil. And indeed if you dissolve this salt in Aqua vitae, & let it putrefy five or six days in Balneo, or Dungue: & afterward distill it, you shall have an oil, whereof three drops being my 〈…〉 some convenient liquor, provo 〈…〉 eat plentifully, as I have oftentim 〈…〉 perimented in curing of the Qua 〈…〉 Ague, by the oils drawn forth 〈…〉 salts of Germander, Ceterac, Polipo 〈…〉, or of the Ash tree. But they that have no leisure to prepare their salt, let them use the medicines following: Take treacle three ounces, conserve of bugloss, & of the flowers of Rosemary, of each one ounce, Scabious, devils bit, Pimpernell, of each half an handful, Gentian, Angelica, zedoary, cinnamon, of each two drams, flowers of camomile, & penerial, of each two gripes, the seeds of Caduus benedictus, a dram & an half, beat the roots & leaves into powder, & with equal quantity of the water of Carduus benedictus & white wine, distill them in Balneo or ashes, and give three ounces thereof at a time, Or boil Milium in common fair water, until it yield no more scum, then take of this decoction three ounces, of good white wine an ounce & an half, mingle them together, & let the patient drink it warm, & it provoketh sweated abundantly. This kind of remedy also we use in Fevers, distillations, and other infirmities w 〈…〉 ein we think it convenient to provoke sweated: othersome provoke sweat with 〈…〉 or seven drops of the oil of vitriol, & 〈…〉 with the oil of Anise seed. But the most surest remedy is prepared of the decoction of Guaicum, the roots called Chynae, & Zarsa parilla, adding thereto the syrup called Acetositatis citri, & the Theriacal water, with such like. I know a surgeon at Andwarp, who to provoke sweat, used to wrap his patients in a sheet moistened with the decoction of Guaicum, the root of Tormentill, Walwort, and the herb Bardana, wherein all he dissolved Sublimatum. Others use to make a Suffumigation or smoke of Cinabar, Frankensense & such like, which we use ordinarily in curing the French pocks: but the use of our Mercury water is more effectual, wherewith we use to bathe all the joints of the body, to provoke sweat in the Plague, & in the French pocks, of which medicines we will dispute more at large in another place. And some again make a Suffumigation of Frankincense, Cinabar, Antimony, Cloves, and such like, which through tynnen funnels and pipes, they 〈…〉 he sick man's bed, to 'cause him 〈…〉 ut provided always, that the 〈…〉 ot the head.   

〈…〉 e. 13. Chap.  
N 〈…〉 me unto that which I proposed 〈…〉 he third & last place, wherein it is convenient to set down the particular cure of the Pestilence. Wherefore, assoon as thou cummest to one whom thou suspectest to be sick of the plague, give him a dram of the Electuary following: Take Angelica, Zedoary, tormentil, Gentian, of each an ounce, the seeds of Carduus benedictus, of Citrons, of each two drams, beat them into powder, & boil them over a soft fire the space of two or three hours, then strain them & wring them hard, and boil the strained liquor with Sugar, unto the consistence of an Opiate, or make it into an Electuary. In the stead of this composition, take two drams of the Opiate before described, with the distilled water of Citrons: and in the mean while, search diligently in what part of the body the infection lurketh, which you may easily perceive by the agreement & concourse of signs, whereof we have entreated before. Wherefore, if the infection be in the Liver 〈…〉 pain, and pricking, and sti 〈…〉 be groin: immediately let the sh〈…〉 in the ankle veins, but if the b 〈…〉 not forth in sufficient quantity or 〈…〉 e for some other consideration it be not good to open those veins, them were it good to set cupping glasses unto the place with scarification, and before, or immediately after opening the vein, to move the belly with a suppositour made of Honey, or the common glister, & afterward set cupping glasses to the groin where it beginneth to swell, & four fingers breadth beneath the place affected, apply the leaves of Elleborus niger, which Pliny calleth Consiligo, laid too plasterwise. And to draw the corruption forth unto the voiding place, the root and leaves of yarrow, stamped with common salt, & laid too after the same manner, is very good to break the botch, as the same varlets of whom we made mention before, declared at their death, as Master Laigle, the flower of our City, a very well learned Physician, & a man of good credit, affirmed unto me. For being demanded by the governor how they saved them whom they had infected 〈…〉 heir will? they aunswe 〈…〉 s medicine only they used 〈…〉 e poison which possessed the 〈…〉 es, & so they saved them 〈…〉 old not have to perish. The 〈…〉 hale of the walnut with salt, hath the same effect, as also bryony, the black vine, & the inner rind of Viburnun. While the Surgeon is busy about these matters, let him use also the ointments afore described for the Liver & the heart, or let him anoint the region of the heart with oil made of the kernels or the flovers of Peaches, or of rosemary, or S. John's wort. Or beaten dried roses into very fine powder, & boil it in rose-water an hour & an half, or somewhat more, than strain it hard, the the finest part of the powder which is dissolved by boyli, may pass through the linen strainer. Then when it is strained, boil it again over a soft fire, until it come to the consistence of honey, or an ointment, & therewith anoint the region of the heart. This is the manner to draw the earth (as they term it) out of simples, as I myself at other times have drawn the like out of wormwood, Gauls, Pomegranate flowers, & such like, against hard milt 〈…〉 bleeding of the hemorrhoids, 〈…〉 long & stubborn diseases 〈…〉 & unto the roses may be a 〈…〉 of Citrons, of Oranges, a 〈…〉 rs of Gentian, especially in Burgundy, which is a place that nourisheth most rare and precious simples. I use to put unto this ointment while it is boiling a few drops of the juice of Lemons, that by reason of the more lively heat, and pleasantness of the taste, it may be the more acceptable unto the sick person. If there appear any swelling in the neck, or about the ears, or any other signs declare the infection to be in the Brain, the forehead vein must be opened, or else the small veins in the Nose, with Milfoile thrust into the nostrils, or with some other pricking thing. The learned and expert Surgeons do open the outward vein of the throat, with no fear or danger of to much conflux of blood, as I myself have also experimented in the continuing headache. The later practitioners let blood in a small quantity out of Cephalica, othersome open the veins that are under the tongue, because, as the divine Hypocrates 〈…〉 ten, it is most requisite to 〈…〉 lace unto the pain. And 〈…〉 very good reason, that it 〈…〉 to apply cupping glass 〈…〉ation upon the neck, back, 〈…〉 and arms, and beneath the place affected must the things be applied which I described erewhile. When the swelling riseth under the arm, open the vein Basilica on the same side, where the swelling appeareth. And if it rise under both arms, open the Basilica in the right arm, then make a little cut in the inner side of the hand on the same side, right against the little finger, and then lay unto the cut Scordium, or Sauce alone in the steed thereof, to draw forth the Uenim at the peculiar voiding place: this medicen I learned of D. Pelleterius Bishop of Monpelier when he was at Paris, fifteen or twenty year a go. D. Hollerius a Physician of Paris, who sometime was my master, used to apply live Oysters to the same purpose. Now when the botch i● swollen somewhat big, then lay thereto an Onion roasted in the embers with garlic, and barrows grease, or butter: Or make an Onion hollow, and fill up the hole with old treacle 〈…〉 up, and roast it in the embe 〈…〉 mallows, violets, cammo 〈…〉 and the fresh flowers of 〈…〉 they be well boiled, pow 〈…〉 and strain them through an hairen strainer, than put thereto the oil of S. John's wort, or of Camomile, and make thereof a plaster. The last year all the Surgeons in England applied plasters which they made of Crabs before they were ripe: othersome cut a Pomegranate into small pieces, and boil it in vinegar, and pound it, and spread it upon a linen cloth, & lay it too, not to repel the large recourse of the noisome humour, as some do writ, but to draw rather: for it is strange to see how by the laying too of this, the sore will suddenly swell, & wax big, but the plaster must touch the whole places about the sore also, that from thence it may draw moisture into the swelling kernel. Whatsoever else belongeth to the cure of the pestilent ●ote●, the Readers may gather it out of Hollerius book of the Pestilent fever, out of Ambrose Par●us, and others that have written more copiously of this argument.   depiction of furnace 
THis is the form and representation 
The form ●f the Forace.  of the Furnace, with his vessel, which notwithstanding, I thought good to place apart, whereby their several figures might be the better perceived. The vessel with the three necks must so be plac 〈…〉 nace, that the two neck 〈…〉 one direaly against an 〈…〉 may pass through th' 〈…〉 furnace made on eythe 〈…〉 the two ends may come 〈…〉 the furnace, and the third stick directly upright. Now when after this manner the vessel is placed within the furnace, and covered with Bricks or Tiles, laid one upon another, so close that the heat of the fire pass forth at no chink, the door which you see in the side may serve partly to put in the fire, and partly also to kindle it, that it go not out for want of air. The nethermost door is made to avoid the ashes, and at the beginning of the work you shall make a great fire so long continuing, until the earthen vessel be all read hot, which for the most part wyil be in half an hour, or an hour at the most.  
Then take one dram of crude Antimony and cast it into the vessel at the neck which sticketh upright, and then cover it immediately with a stople of earth, or glass, and forthwith the Antimony will rise up too the two necks which are at 〈…〉 e furnace, which in the top 〈…〉 hit, & beneath somewhat 〈…〉 stay between casting in 〈…〉 me may be the more per 〈…〉 d. Anon cast in again as much more crude Antimony, & do so still as I have before declared until you, see the two side necks half full of prepared Antimony. Then withdraw the fire, and when the vessel is cold, break it, and gather the Antimony away from the refuse which lieth in the bottom, whereof there is no use in Physic. And keep the read Antimony unto your use, whereof I have entreated in the. 〈…〉. Cham And reserve the white unto other purposes, especially against the impediments of the eyes, and other most grievous diseases of the body, of which thing (God willing) I mean hereafter in some other place to discourse more at large.   
FINIS.