❧ THE Commentaries of Don jews de Auela, and Suniga, great Master of Aranter, which treateth of the great wars in Germany made by Charles the fifth Maximo Emperor of Rome, King of Spain, against John Fredrick Duke of Saxon, and Philip the Landgrave of Hesson with other great princes and Cities of the Lutherans, wherein you may see how god hath preserved this worthy and victorious Emperor, in all his affairs against his enemies translated out of Spanish into English.  
An. Do. 1555.  
Londini in Aedibus Richardi Totteli.   

¶ To his right honourable Lord and master, Edward Earl of Derby, Lord Stanley and Strainging, Lord of Man and the Isles, knight of the most noble order of the Garter. Your humble and obedient servant John wilkinson, wisheth prosperity, honour and health.  
Gifts be commonly given to Princes and other benefactors (right honourable Lord and master) of the most precious things that can be found by the givers. So I have considered what thing I might give unto your Lordship to be acceptable, as this which treateth of the acts and deeds of th●●●ctorious and most famous (now in our ty●● Charles the fifth, most exeellente Emperor of Rome, king of spain, who hath spled his bamners from the East unto the west part of the world: and not only against the Turks and moor, but moreover to subdue the diversities ofsectes as it appeareth in this Commentary of the late warts in Germany, newly translated out of Spanish into English to certify the minds of such that are desirous to know what hath followed the doctrine of Martin Luther by the bearing of John Fredrick Duke of Saxon, & other great princes & cities of Germany.   

The preface to the Reader.  
Upon the sight of this Commentary in sundry languages I have considered what a lack it hath been amongst so many English Books, as not to have so notable a history as this is. Wherefore I have thought it good to be translated, and although it be not so curious as it might be, ne●●rthelesse it is of a truth and worthy of a more excellent style than this of mine, which yet may satisfy the minds of such as be desirous to know the success and what hath followed the doctrine of Luther through the supportacion and mighty power of Duke John Fredderike of Saxon and Philip the landgrave of Hesson with other great Princes, of the furious and infinite people of Germany, as it appeareth in this and other stories which be written of the wars there made by Charles the fifth, Maximo Emperor of Rome, king of Spain. An. M. D xlvi   

A COMMENTARY OF the right Honourable Lord jews, de Auela and high steward of Ocanter, of the wars in germany.  
GErmanye of late being in the power of the Protestants & new religion: so that it is clearly seen, how necessary it hath been for almighty God to put his remedy therein: for as to the help of man there hath been so many difficulties, that there could no mean be found, by any discourse of reason, how to remedy so much evil. For if it should have passed by counsels: there hath been such a multitude of people. And so many Princes to be treated withal, that in long time and with great difficulty it should have been brought to any concord. And if by strength, the difficulty had been much more, for the confederation of the league was so great: that there was no part in germany, where the Lutherans were not the most strong. Except Cleaves and Baver, the which although they professed to be catholics yet they tempered so with the Lutherans in showing of friendship to the one, and the other part in such sort, that they might be called rather neuters, than catholics. All the rest not comprehending the lands of the king of romans, and a few cities of the Empire, stood all in the leagues Malcaldo: so named by the Protestants) after the place where it was made. And they which were not of this league, were nevertheless called Lutherans. The principals of the catholics were these, Colan, Metz in Loran, and Aquisgrame with few other. The principals of the league were these. August, Ulme, Argentine and Frankfort, rich and mighty cities, & joined with them other infinite. As Muremberg, Rotemberg, Norling, & other, whose number be so great that I omit to written them, which were not of the league, but yet Lutherans: so that the power of the one and the other was the whole Empire. All the Princes and lords were entered into this league, except the King of Romans, the Duke of Cleves, and the Duke of Baver, with certain gentle men of which there were that daily turned to the Lutherans. And moreover they had abroad mighty & suspect friends. Now being in this power which daily increased, and proudly presumed, to set out things not only to the ruin of the Empire but also to the total destruction of the christian common wealth, setting forth one new Empire with all newness that could be devised to be new.  
¶ At this time the Emperor being in Flaunders and certified thereof, parted toward Almain passing by Vtrike, where he kept the Chapter of his order of the golden fleece. And there he gave it to certain knights, as flemings, Hispamardes, Almains, and italians, After he passed into Gilderlande, which he had of late gotten. And from thence he came to maistrique upon Mose, to the which place there came ambassadors from the Lords of Almain, amongst whom it seemed to be a slander of a fame devulged that his majesty would make an army into Almaigne, but they understanding that they were deceived in their own conceits, did take no more ●cedence thereunto, for he brought with him but .v. C. horses, with the which number he doth ordinarily ride out of Flaunders into Almain, accompanied with these, he parted from Maistrique where he did take his leave at his sister Queen mary, which done: he removed with his court toward the 〈◊〉 of Lucemburge, likewise newly ●eco●●●ed of the Frenchmen. He entered into Almain, where although it appeared that his coming was nothing suspect. yet nevertheless he assured himself to be out of their danger. But he was fully determined, and removed to Sperse: where the county Palatine and the landgrave became suyters to his majesty, touching their affairs. The Earl treated of the common wealth, and the landgrave to prove conclusions for his purpose pretended. The Earl could bring nothing to pass, nor the landgrave obtained any thing to his intent, so the one & the other parted from the court. The Earl in short time after joined himself with them of the league. His majesty rem●●●d from Sperse, where he passed 〈…〉, travesing Sueverland. He came to Tonauert, Inglestot, and to Ratisbone, where the counsel had been convocate the year passed. Procurers were sent from the Princes, and cities of Germany to his majesty being there where they began to treat of many things touching the common wealth.  
At this time there was married the eldest daughter of the King of romans, named Anne to the son of the Duke of Baver. The second named Mary to the Duke of Cleves Now I will be brief for to begin the wars that the Emperor had against the Lutherans whose power was great & mighty, but yet I will not write of every particular proceeding before, nor yet other ꝑticulers touching the state of religion for these shall remain to them who have in charge to write more at large for I writ but only those things which I have seen & can be witness to say the truth.  
Now the cities of the league & lords thereof begin openly to show how little they were concluded in the counsel concerning that his majesty pretended, and began to murmur because they understood that he intended to set forth to the honour of god and the christian common wealth, according to his office: for the which he sent for certain upper captains, without making any great appearance in respect of so great wars as might follow. But it was not so secretly done, but that it came to the knowledge of the procurers, of the Lords and the cities being there. For verily they lacked no power, craft, nor subtlety. So on a day they came together before the Emperor, and the sum of their saying was: that as they did understand he had sent for certain Colonels and captains, for to raise men of war. Beseeching his majesty for to give them knowledge where and against whom he would begin: and they would be ready to serve him as they had been in times past. His majesty answered that he had sent for men to chastise certain rebels in the Empire. And they which would help to serve him therein, he would repute them as good and true servants, and that he would be good Emperor & gracious lord unto them, and they that would not: he would reckon them in count with the rebels against whom the war should be made.  
With this answer they of the league parted out of the court to their lodgings, and shortly after to their houses, and so to their Lords, and from that time forth the wars began. Where of I will write as particularly as shall come to my remembrance. But first it is needful to understand, where the Emperor was when it was declared & the preparation made at that time: you shall understand that he was at Ratisbone, which standeth upon the river Danubia, & is the uttermost of the cities imperial standing upon this river toward Ostrich. It is counted to be of Baver it is a great city & of the Lutherans, from thence to August it is xviii dutch leagues & Ingulstot the last town of Baver ix leagues upon Danubia upward from Ingulstot to Culon, all Almain except some Bishops & a few towns be Lutherans, & those which be not for their safeguard, victual the enemies as the other do. The Duke of Cleves although he be catholic, hath detracted his business so slowly (I do not say fearfully) that his taryig in determination hath not a little increased the difficulti of our wars. For if he had shortly detmmined, his majesty might have made necessary provision one month erst them he did, and not only this inconvenience, but also the king of Romans, because of his business tarried one month longer than his magestyes expectation was. His coming being so necessary for divers causes. And moreover than this there came much damage by the reason of scant secretness, & little regard of some ministers which by the reason of passion or affection, could not keep silence. In so much that our enemies had knowledge first & before our friends. His magesti had no thing in order for yet the almains and spaniards lay still in three 〈◊〉, of whom we shall speak hereafter: nor yet the Pope had not sent his men which he had appointed to send, so that our strength was all in the determination of the Emperor and power of the catholics in Germany.  
They of August were the first that raised men and not named to be against the Emperor: for at this time they suffered his servants to come & go into their city, to dress their harness, buy and sell. Now his majesty had sent Alipzando brother to the Cardinal of Trent, & George of Ranspurge one old Soldier which hath served him long in his wars and to Examburge he gave also the charge of a number, and to the Marquis of Marenan, general of the artillery that every one of these should bring four M. almains.  
These. four Colonels according to their custom, made two regiments, & after there were divided amongst them equally ten banners, sent by the bastard of Baver and other captains so that they came to be. L banners of duche men xxv in every regiment. His majesty provided for Don Alivaro de Sande, of Hungary with his Terce which were ii M. & viii C. hispaniards. And the Arce should come out of Lombardy with three. M. The marquis Albert of Brandemburg sent in haste for the horses, wherewith he was bound to serve, which be two. M. & eight C. The marquis John brother to the elector of Brandemburg, road and brought eight. C. horses. The master of Pruse was appointed to brig one. M. horses. The young Duke Henry of Brandenburg four C. horses. The Prince of Hungary. M. & v. C. horses, but these horsemen were to be made in so many parts of almany: that for to come together it was very hard, because the enemies were betwixt them and his Majesty.  
At this time the Pope sent his me out of Italy, so when he had provided these things, he wrote into Flaunders to the Earl of Bure, to send. x M. footmen and iii M. horsemen of the Netherlanders. This camp together might suffice to fight with any power. But being forced to come from so many parts: there was none of itself able to fight with the enemies.  
Now there went out of August xxii. Banners of the same City, and vi. from the Duke of Vertemburg, & four of them of ulme, one. M horses and xxviii pieces of artillery, under the name against the Soldiers, which came out of Italy which they said were sent by the Pope for to destroy Almaigne, & nothing against th'emperor. And so they went straight to Cluse, & because it may be the better understand: that for to come out of Itali into Baver they way lieth by Trent, & from thence to Inspurg is a wai: & from Inspurg to enter into Baver be ii one down by the River to come to Ravesten, a strong walled town of Tyrol for to enter into Baver. The other lieth above toward Suysa going thorough a valley wherein standeth a strong castle which shutteth up the way not far from Fessen, belonging to the Cardinal of Trent, and so to Quintain imperial & Lutheran, & Memengan likewise imperial & Lutherans, both these Lutherans and of the league with August. This first enterprise was because they thought it convenient to have this passage being next unto them & so they sent thither .v. M footmen and one. M. horsemen, with Sebastian Exertel, which had been in times past haulberder to the Emperor. Sith a taverner in Rome, & after in the wars of Sandersay he was made a provost marshal, where he became rich and in great estimation in the city of August. Wherefore they chose him to be their general, in this enterprise, & so continued all the wars after. So with these camp they came to Fiessen: which was taken by Exartel, with out any contradiction, & then to Eluse where he entered without shut or stroke: there were a little from thence, four or .v. M. Almains, for the rest were at Rattisbone about his majesty. They showed themselves willing to fight, but their captains would not suffer it, seeing the other to have so great advantage. Then these our almains came by his magestyes commandment to Rattysbone, and like so did George of Ranspurg with his bend lying near unto the city of ulme.  
At this time the enemies which had taken the Eluse went straight to Insburg intending for to take it, which was a enterprise of great importunity if they should have so done: then they might shortly have gotten the rest, for being their they might have been lords of ii ways of the which I have spoken lying 〈◊〉 Tyrol into Baver, and more 〈◊〉 the way which lieth to come out of Italy and Trent to Insburg, so that they might have shut up and mastered the way, so that no men, Money, nor Victuales might have come to the emperor. But they of Insburg provided so well, that they would not suffer them to come near their town, for in vi or vii days they were ten or xii M. men, Castelal the inge their Captain. Now the enemies began to despair in this enterprise, and turned back again leaving Cluse and Fiessen provided. This Castelalt is one of the eldest Captains in almany, belonging to the King of romans, who after in this war recovered the Cluse.  
At this time the men which were sent by the Pope out of Italy be coming, and likewise the Hyspanyardes of Lumberdy, and they of Naples had shipped in Pule and were landed in the land of the King of romans near unto the Venissens, in a town called Fume in Damacia and from thence to Corinthia & to Estria for to come to Salebrug & so to Baver. The enemies returned to August, after they had provided the passage of Ratisbone with ii C. hackbutters. This enterprise was to them very Importunate, but more importunate it might have been: if that when they parted from August they had gone to Rattisbone for then they should have found the Emperor so dispurueyde, that his remedy had been to have gone down by the river of Danubia, out of Almany, for as yet were not come the bends under the conduct of Madrucho & of George. But the hispaniards of hungary came to the Emperor alone, and his number which is worth much in Germany. This was our army, ordinance we had none, but we tarried for that which should come from Viene, so that all things were unprovided, so that if the enemies had come, they should have obtained their purpose without any withstonding. This was their first error.  
At this time the Duke of Saxon and landgrave wrote a letter to his majesty. The sum whereof was, that they did understand that he would chastise certain rebels according to their deserts, and that they were much desirous to know because they would be ready to serve his majesty. And if he found himself grieved in any thing against any of them, they would be ready at his commandment to make satisfaction according to reason.  
To this letter his majesty made no answer, for not answering thereto was his answer. For when they wrote this letter, a great part of their Camp was on foot, and had sent to the Cities and Lords of the League to send their numbered according to their pomises. And Sebastiano Exartel, was now go from August to Insburg, & from thence to Tonauert, as the names do signify for to defend Danubia for the defence of the Duke of Saxon and landgrave being in Tonavert with great provision for August for there was the Lordship of the water of Lico, which is a passage through August and divideth Baver and Sueverland. Danubia is a passage for all manner of vituales from ulme and Viertemburge, so that the situation is sufficient to lodge an army: for all things necessary. Shortly after Exartell with his Camp joined with the Duke of Saxone and the landgrave so that they all together made a mighty army gathered of the Cities & lords of the league between iii &. iiiin. score. M. footmen & ix. or ten M. horsemen, a hundred pieces of Artillery mounted.  
At this time his majesty was in Rattisbone but with such a number as I have spoken of before, neither Artillery but ten pieces which he had borrowed of the Cities there about, for his ordinance was not yet come from Viene. The news that he had from his men was that Examburg had his Colonel in a readiness at Mount Naegra, which with great difficulty must pass the Country belonging to ulme, an enemy a strong and a mighty City, and through Vierteviburg the strongest Prince of the League, & therefore must be fetched a great compass by the Lake of Constance and by Cyroll a plain way and more out of peril than the other. Also we had news that the Hyspanyardes of Naples were shipped, and the hispaniards of Lumberdi were coming and the Prince of Salmona Captain of the light horsemen with vi ● horses, and the artileri was coming in Barks, by the River from Vien, but the enemies being so near it required a long time, in the which the Duke of Saxone & landgrave might have come to Ratisbone, and have found th'emperor there with x. or xii M. men with little ordinance & less victuals, nor yet the town so strong for to defend, & though it had been yet it was not meite for th'emperor to be set about, having no other rescue than he had their. So that to my judgement: if the Duke of Saxone & the landgrave, had come at that time: they had driven the emperor out of Rattisbone, and if they had so done: he had been driven out of germany, and their coming had been light, for they had left nothing at their backs to disturb them, but one band of footmen lying in Rain. A town of the duke of Baver a league from Tonavert and ii banners of footmen in Ingulstat, which done Peter Gushmane a Knight of th'emperors house, as for the people of Vaver there was no trust in them, so that they left an enterprise to do, as I and other thought well left. This was their second errors, that they came not together to Ratisbone, but went to Ratyn, which was to them given without any battarie, they suffered the garnison to depart with Banner & armour, and left one other of theirs: and came to Newburge, where they pitched their Camp. The town was for them, for why it is belonging to the Duke Otto, the first Duke of Baver, & to the county Palatine a lord of the Lutherans, the town is strong & a passage upon Danubia iii leagues from Tonavert, and iii from Ingulstat.  
Now the king of romans was come unto Prague with the Duke Morres: according to th'emperors appointment, for to enter into the Duke of saxons land Elector. This Duke Morres is one of the Dukes of Saxone: for after the custom of Almaigne, they part the inheritance amongst their lineage, he is a great lord and ever hath been at debate with the Duke of Saxon his cousin, although a Lutheran: but at the beginning of this war they were in peace: until his majesty had set forth the banishment against the Duke of Saxone and landgrave as rebels. This banishment imperial, is for to give the lands and goods of the rebels to all that will go against them, & so the king & Duke Morres came together to take Saxony, it came well to their purpose for all his lands lie bordering upon theirs.  
At this time the Emperor had knowledge: that the enemies were determined to take Lansente, a town of the Duke of Vaver standing in the way to Rattisbone, for to go to Insburg by which ways he looked for his men which should come out of italy, and from Silva negra, for they had no other way (Cluse gotten) for that taken it should be much to their advantage, for they being there his Majesty might have been enclosed in Rattesbone, for they had then been in place where none of his could have come to Rattesbone, for the Hispaniardes & I talians must needs perforce have come that way. And likewise the almains from Silva Negra, & they might have left the place fortified and turned again to Rattisbone. This done, his majesty had been in a ruinous case, therefore he was very earnest to provide against this peril, and in person went to defend the town, toward the which was set forth all the force and strength of the enemies. He left in Rattesbone four M. Duche men and a Banner of hispaniards with the artillery and munition that came from Viene. And giving the charge thereof to Peter Colona. His majesty removed with the rest of the camp: and in two lodgings they came to Landsen, he would not lodge within the town, but he determined there to tarry for the enemies, and for the footmen which were come out of Italy (if they might come in time.) The news of the enemies coming increased daily, with knowledge that they were passed Ingulstat. The Emperor hearing these news, sent abroad for his men. In the mean time he chose a place for to fight: for this was his determination to do, sith there was no other remedy, or else to leave than Almain peaceably, the which his majesty determined that he would never do. For I have heard high divers times say, (in speaking of this terrible war,) that dead or alive he would tarryin Almaigne. And with this determination he abode for the enemies, in whose parson and value was all our trust. And knowing that Rattesbone was set in place where they could not pass, they remembered themselves and tarried. vileagues from us, camping and entertaining Minique and Ingulstat in the mean time.  
¶ The Duke of Saxon and the Landgrave sent a page with a trumpet to his majesty, the page brought a letter in a rod, as it is the custom of Almain, when one maketh war against an other. They were called to the tent of the duke of Aluoy captain general, the which said unto them. The answer of him to whom ye be sent, is, that ye deserve to be hanged: but his majesty hath pity upon your lives, & will punish none but then that make default, giving them the proclamation of their banishment in print that was proclaimed against their masters. This me think was a direct answer. His majesty would not see the letter to the shame and rebuke of the Landgrave, to whom he had been good master in time paste. About this time the footebende of Italy came unto Landsen. It was one of the fairest bends that ever I saw come out of Italy. They were. x or xi▪ M. footmen, and vi C. light horses, their general was Octavian farness, nephew to the Pope. Also the duke of Florence sent▪ two. C. light horses, & one hundred from the duke of Farrer, to serve his majesty. At this time came in the Hyspanyardes of Lombary, excellent soldiers, and a little after, the good old soldiers of Naples. So these iii Terces were the flower of the old soldiers of Spain.  
¶ Now the almains of Examburge assembled in Silva negra, be coming at hand, but they had gone a great compass, and many times they have skirmished with their enemies by the way. Now there was in our camp the form of an army: for his majesty had then with them in Rattesbone xvi M. Almains, which were received at the pay xx. M as they be wont for to have amongst their footbands. They were about viii. M. Spaniards, & ten M. Italians, and now came in vi C. horsemen for the marquis John from Boeme. The marquis Albert had viii. C. the master of Pruse had ii C. for all the other of the marquis Albert, and of the Archduke might be four M. not yet come to the ryne, which was kept with the enemies. Now his majesty, with the men that he had brought out of Flaunders, with his court, and with ii C. horses of the Archdukes, he had ii M. armed horses. But as to the foot men, to my judgement, I never saw the like. I did see the almains that his majesty brought to Viene, when he went against the Turk. I. did see the spaniards which were there them. And likewise I did see the Italians, but none like unto these. I did see the Almains, hispaniards, & Italyans that his majesty led to Tunezey, & those that he lead after into province, & those that he had when he took Gilderland, & made the French king to retire with his camp from Cambersey. But as I think there was none of these like unto this. Likewise say they, which were with his majesty in the war of Sandasier, and have seen that camp, they say that they were not like unto these, although they were well chosen, the which I have not seen, I being absent. After that all these were come together, he parted from Landsen, and went to Rattesbone for to take his artillery and men that he there left, and from thence to go to seek his enemies: and being at Rattesbone, he commanded to set forth six and thirty pieces of artillery, leaving three banners to keep the rest. Then with his camp he took the way to Ingulstat, where the enemies intended to camp. It is from Rattesbone to Ingulstat ix leagues, which ix were divided in four journeys, so he came with his camp to a place upon Danubia called Newstat, there was a bridge, but he caused two other to be made of the barges which he brought in his camp, for he determined to pass the river in any wise.  
¶ His majesty being thus purposed, he was informed that the duke of Saxon and the Lantgrane with all their camp, upon the other side of Danubia, had taken the way to Rattesbone, an enterprise well undertaken. His majesty sent four hundred spaniards, hackbutters horsed, & ii banners of Dutchmen, the which by their diligence the same night that they were sent, entered into Rattesbone, the which was now sure. For if the enemies came not, it was safe. And if they came, they might defend until they might have rescue from the camp, which might well be had, (Danubia being betwixt us and our enemies.) But they seeing that Rattesbone was provided, or because they perceived that his majesty would pass the river, and lying at their backs might take away their victuals, being within three leagues of Rattesbone, they gave a turn toward Ingulstat, making great haste to be out of the woods & strait passages, where it was thought they might have been well overtaken. But we having no know ledge of the country, so that they with extreme diligence did get the plain field, so that when our light horsemen had passed the wode: they were near into Ingulstat. His majesty in two days passed the river, and lodged his camp in a valley, upon a little mountain near unto the river, and this lodging was two mile from Ingulstat. This passage was of great importance, for it did not only cause the enemies to be advised: but also to be driven together, and not to go like Lords in the fields as they had done. For this showed them that his determination was to fight when time and place might serve. There our camp was fortified with a little trench, for the duke of Aluoy had so taken the ground that it needed not to make any other. There was alarun, although it was not true, our soldiers were so well ordered that it might be evidently seen, how willing they were to fight.  
¶ At the end of two days the Emperor parted from thence, when he had news that the enemies were lodged on the other part of Ingulstat six miles. Wherefore he made speed to take their lodging that they had left the day before that he departed from his. Now it was convenient, that the Emperor should make haste toward Jugulstat, and not to leave it in peril to be taken with the enemies: For why, from thence they might lightly have distourbed monsuer de Bure from joining with our camp, or else they might have taken their lodging betwixt it, and the place where we had lodged. But the Emperor considering how much it did import, being now so near unto the enemies to be ever their superior in lodging: he sent to view two lodgings, the one was a league from Ingulstat, (which I have spoken of,) and in our way. And the other near unto Ingulstat upon the other side, for it behoved to take that next unto the town before the coming of our camp, the other in our way was good to be taken. Before that his majesty should set forth his camp, his intention was to have these two, so that if he might not occupy that next unto Ingulstat, yet that he might lodge in the other, and therefore the day before, he had sent John Baptista Gastaldo, master of the Camp general, for to be particularly viewed▪ And he with all speed that might be, the next day in the morning removed his camp, the which went in partzes vaward & battle. The baggage and artillery upon our left hand upon the river side. Our horsemen upon the right hand, and the footmen in the midst. The duke of Aluoy did lead the vaward, and the Emperor the battle. With the Duke went the marquis Albert and his horsemen, and the master of Pruse. And with the Emperor, the Duke of ostrich, and the prince of Pyemont, & the marquis John of Brandenburg. The hispaniards, Dutchmen, and italians, moved confyrmably to the order that was given them: so they went in the vaward & in the battle. The Emperor marching, approached the first lodging that I have spoken of, and there he rested a little, whilst the battle was coming. For now the vaward was even at hand, and there he took the duke of Aluoy and twenty horsemen with him, and road unto Ingulstat for to be hold the other lodging near thereunto.  
¶ It is needful particularly to know, that the same day the Emperor sent the duke of Aluoy, the prince of Salmona, and Don Antony de Toledo, with part of the light horsemen, and two hundred hackbutters hispaniards horsed, for to have knowledge of the enemies, (with whom they had a fair and 〈◊〉 skirmish,) the enemies being come forth thereto with great strength. But the skirmish being the one part & the other retired: they turned again and came forth, increasing so their▪ number in Esquadrons, that the Emperor was certified that they were coming with all their camp, to battle, so it was necessary to set all things in order. The Emperor commanded the duke of Aluoy that he should take heed in all points to the proceeding of the enemies. He turned into the place where he had staid the vaward and the battle in the lodging aforesaid being in the way choosing a place meet for to fight. He set the footmen in place convenient, and the artillery and horsemen where they should stand. And so they stood looking for the coming of the enemies, which made countenance that they would fight. I think under correction of better judgement, that if they had come that day to fight with us by the way, they might have put all things in great adventure, although we had taken a place favourable enough for our advantage. But it seemed to the Emperor that they would not fight that day, seeing that they had differred the time so long, for it was somewhat late: but the duke sent him word for to stay, for he thought the enemies made a great muster to pass forward, but incontinent he sent him word to keep on the way with his camp, for the enemies began to retire unto theirs. This variance was a cause of the late departure. For the Emperor seeing how much more he should adventure in tarrying, then to come late that night, and how much he should give unto his enemies to give them one night, & part of the other day, and space to ame●●● th●ir lodgings, & that they had erred when that they had not disturbed our camp by the wai, he came (although it was late) unto his lodging, which was on the other side of Ingulstat, toward the enemies, having the town upon our backs: and Danubia upon our left hand, and a marish upon the right hand: and at the front, the plain fields. The duke of Aluoy caused to be closed up with great diligence, the most part thereof. It was thought, if the enemies had come the next day, it might have turned us to great trouble. But they had such a confidence in their great number, & so stout, that they thought all times & places might have served for to achieve their enterprise. For the landgrave had promised them of the league, that he would drive the Emperor out of germany in three months. To these words the lords and the cities gave such credit, that as to a thing done, some of them did give him more than he did demand. And so he carried iii or four score thousand footmen and more. Then ten thousand horsemen, & one hundred and thirty pieces of artillery, but that night they stirred not with any horses abroad in the field.  
¶ The next day the Emperor provided for all things necessary, against such things as the enemies might take in hand: but that day they made no moving nor stirring at all.  
¶ The other day following, he went to view their strong lodging aforesaid vi little Italian miles from our lodging, in a strong place: for upon the right-hand and on the front, they had adepe river and a marish kept with a castle standing upon the said river, upon their backs a great wood, upon the other side a mountain, whereupon they had laid their ordinance. There was at this view a skirmish but it was of little effect.  
¶ The next day after, the enemies set forth their horsemen & footmen in array, it was thought that they would come to our camp, but it was not but to take the muster of their folks. When they had taken it, they returned to their lodging, sith the next day after they raised their camp from thence, and came with in three miles of ours, in a strong place amongst little hills, having the water somewhat far of. The Emperor was purposed to cut them from that.  
¶ The duke of Aluoy consulted with his majesty, and sent Don Alvaro de sand, & Arze, with one. M hackbutters, giving them instructions what they should do, & guides which knew they country. And they passed through a wood, and broke into the lodging of the enemies, about one or two of the clock in the night, and killed the watch & many other, before the camp could be set in order. They gave them a great alarun & lost but .2. or .3. soldiers, one of our soldiers had gotten a horseman's standard. I think they were killed with their own men, for the night was very dark. After this, Octavian with John Baptista Sabello, captain of the horsemen, and Alexander Uitello, captain of the fotebend of the Italians, appointed with their men to give them a skirmish, and so they set forth the next day, but the enemies appointing the same they had taken a place in the wood that was chosen by duke Octavian and his other captains for the same purpose. But the enemies began to set upon our men in a barn, near unto the wood, and there was that day a skirmish, but it came not to pass as it was purposed. The enemies received loss by the reason of the hackbutters that came with Alexander. There was on both parts slain and taken.  
¶ These two Camps being but three mile a sunder, and being betwixt them but a little river, which in many parts might be passed, & the passages more near unto their Camp then to ours: so that the skirmishes could not be made but the one part must pass by leisure, all things came unto this term. It was devised how they might be grieved, for tarrying or not tarrying there: it must needs be done, having a respect by what policy it might be done. But early the next day, they raised their camp in order with all their artiliery, the which they might easily carry, the fields being so open and plain. And so in the morning they were passed the river afore said going over against our camp. The Emperor commanded allthings to be in order, the day begun to wax clear, the mist did break, so that we might the more clearly see them, & as I thought, they were in form of a new moan. Upon the right hand, there was a marish which lay upon our left hand to Danubia, and upon that side road a great esquadron of horsemen & x. pieces of ordinance, & upon their left hand, did ride one other with twenty pieces of ordinance, & so all their horsemen were divided & scattered in the fields, not in ranks but in parts, because they would shoot of, & therefore they set forth their artillery and horsemen. Their foremen marched after in ranks. On this sort went the Landgrave to fulfil the promise that he had made to the cities of the league. Our camp was set in an order to fight according to their quarters as they were lodged. The Hispaniardes stood in the front of the enemies, they had the marish upon the left hand. The Almains of the regiment of George did stand on the right hand with a wing of hackbutters Hispaniardes, & by & by stood turning toward the right hand the most part of the footmen of Italy, for part of them were in the fort that was made in the marish. near after them ever following upon the right hand, stood the Almains of the regiment of Madrucho, from them to the town it lay open, & so part of that space was shut with the timber of our bridges. And the rest was set with our horsemen in four esquadrons: for because if the enemies horsemen should come upon that side, our horsemen being set in that hold, we might fight with them. And likewise it was a convenient place for the charge. So by the part that the trenches stood most low: stood the horses, & for this purpose there were left some spaces betwixt our Esquadrones of footmen, the which because for to be better understand, it is thus set forth in portraiture.  
¶ At this time the enemies began for to approach, shooting of their artillery, & with the order that they had taken to gird in our camp, from the marish that was upon the left hand, as it were the half of the plain field lying upon our right hand, evermore shooting so near, that many pieces of theirs, & especially those that lay upon the right hand, did shoot within vi C. paces of our Esquadrons. Our artillery was shot of, but theirs had help by the disposition of the ground more than we had. His majesty had been round about the camp, and did see what order the duke of Aluoy had set. And horsed and armed as he was: he turned again and did stand before our Esquadrons, and sometimes he went amongst the Almains. On the one side & the other there was great shoot of artillery, which was little regarded, seeing his majesty amongst them. There it might clearly be seen in such things, how much is worth the presence of a prince that hath a good opinion amongst his soldiers. The enemies had approached so near, where they thought they might beat us at their pleasure. They made a stand with their horsemen and footmen, and began to tempest on all parts with all their artillery, and to beat us so nigh, and with so great fury, that verily it appeared to be a storm of pellets, for in the trenches and esquadrons there was nothing seen but Gunstons' and pellets. The duke of Aluoy stood with the Hispaniardes at the point of the camp, where the battery of the enemies was nearest at hand. A piece whereof took away a soldier standing next unto him, as he was providing for every thing necessary. They made countenance openly two times to set upon us. The duke took an order with the hackbutters to be advised not to stir, until the enemies should be two picks of length from our trenches, for in this fort none of the shoot of our hackbutters which were many and good, should be lost. And if they should shoot afar of, the most part should be in vain Also he commanded, that the first salutation which is ever the best, should be at hand. The enemies did ever beat so that it seemed that they begun again: they set forth & advanced their esquadrons, our artillery was shot: but as I have said, the disposition of the ground did help so much, that there was no great hurt done amongst them. So hath it pleased god to preserve us, so many as hath been sent from them, insomuch that near to the Emperor there hath fallen many Gunstons' & pellets. insomuch that many left looking to their own peril for the Emperor. Especially one pellet was so straight & so near, that the peril was manifest, but it pleased god that it took the earth before his feet. another piece killed one of his guard, all other broke a standard, other .2. killed .2. horses. This was the hurt that was done about his majesty vi pieces of ours did break that day, one of them killed vi soldiers Hispaniardes, and hurt two.  
¶ The enemies pressed upon us so much, that they thought to dislodge us with their terrible shot of artillery, in giving shoots with their fury infernal. And for all this fury that never ceased, there was not one ray broken, nor any soldier that stirred his head to look if there were any more safe than he. This battery continued viii hours, when it seemed that the enemies waxed weary, and to take an other way and not to come to battle with us, seeing that we were more stout than they had thought we had been. His majesty parceiving this, & seeing now that they began to fag: he commanded the horsemen to retire into their camp, & to be all ready if necessity should require to return to the trenches on foot. Here it may be asked, to what purpose horsemen should be entrenched To answer this: the trenches were made the night before, & so low that the horsemen were set in place where they lacked. And where the men of arms of our enemies might enter, there stood ours, for so it was ordained, that if they came to fight, there we were ready to defend. All the time of this batery, the duke of Aluoy had set forth certain hackbutters Hispaniardes: which skirmished with the enemies that kept their artillery, which did lie near unto a great house prepared for to defend them vi C. paces from our trenches, so that at one self time they did beat with their ordinance, and our soldiers skirmished with them that kept their artillery. Now had they continued ix hours and began to retire near unto the house, and the little river aforesaid, where above near unto a mill, they had set their tents and pavilions. Now being late, they withdrew themselves where they had pitched their camp, so that the point toward the marish was viii. C. paces from our camp, & the other point upon the left hand ii M. and .v. C. paces.  
¶ This night the landgrave being at supper took the cup (after the manner of almain:) and drank to Exertel, saying these words: Exertel, I drink to all those that we have killed this day with our artillery. Exertel answered, my lord, I do not know how many be did this day, but I know that those that be alive have not lost one foot of ground. It was said that Ex●rtel was of opinion that day for to give us battle at our trenches, but the landgrave would not & as I think he had considered the better, for in such things be many adventures, chances. And for to judge according to reason, the men that the Emperor had there, would not have been lightly dislodged, & that the landgrave did know verily by experience: seeing that we had been so furiously beaten, & that he could perceive no kind of weakness in our camp. For our soldiers stood not only at defence, but they also stepped forth & skirmished at the mouth of their artillery. So it is said that the duke of Saxon counseled to give us battle the other day at our coming. But in the end they took an other order, and that night it was prepared that all the carts in the field should bring faggots to raise the repares of our trenches, and every soldier did labour in their quarters, that in the morning the camp was fortified, so that we might be behind them surely defended. And moreover with this, the duke of Aluoy enlarged our trenches with taking in part of the field, and set therein sure watch and ward.  
¶ The next day the enemies let rest their artillery, & sent forth certain hackbutters scattered to provoke us to skirmish, so we sent forth ix. C. hackbutters, spaniards, they skirmished with their enemies in the plainfield. The skirmish was so, that our enemies were constrained to set forth a M. horsemen in favour of their hackbutters, & these came in iii esquadrons. The first might be. C. horses which went lose dispersed, the other two came in order one after another. Our hackbutters were three or four C. scattered abroad, And in the rearward came. 5 c The hundred horses of our enemies coming lose, set upon our first hackbutters: putting their trust in the plain field, in the which, for the most part, horsemen have advantage against hackbutters. But ours received them in such sort, that they made them to turn flying, so that of necessity, the second esquadron came to secure with a standard of Gules, giving the charge upon our hackbutters. But they gave them such a rush, that they did break in the midst and turned with the first. And so our hackbutters ever charging, came the third esquadron bearing a standard azure, but they were so received with our hackbutters, that they broke & turned their backs whonward into their trenches. Many tarried behind, horse and horsemen fallen in the field. A thing to be lauded, It was praised of his majesty, for verily it was not equal, horsemen against hackbutters, so the skirmish made an end of all that day.  
¶ That night the Duke of Aluoy caused the labourers of Boeme to the number of two thousand, which be called the best labourers that can be found in the world, to make a new trench, the which divided, drawing toward the house aforesaid within four hundred paces, so that the cabbyns of the one part and the other might reach. This trench had help by a certain disposition of the ground, so that the labourers might be covered out of danger. They had also fortified & trenched the house aforesaid. With our trench was charged Don Alvaro de Sand, with his hackbutters Hyspaniardes, a work unto the enemies very noyful seeing we came so near, they were like to be dispatched with the continual shoot that we sent from thence.  
¶ At this time the Duke of Aluoy consulted with his Majesty taking an order for to send the Marquis of Marnano and Maderucho with his regiment, and Alonso Bivas with his terce, for to kill and degule three M. Suycheners which were lodged in the Suburbs of Newburge, for to keep the town & certain artillery left there by the Duke of Saxon & Landgrave, but they were sent for that day, & so seized the enterprise. Another day the enemies in the same self order as before, came into the field and set forth their artylery, and furiously began to beat our camp, how be it not so near as the first day: for the new trench beside the house caused them to have a more respect than they had before. Their battery was in more parts, but they did not so much hurt. The Emperor heard Mass that day in the trenches, and broke his fast amongst the soldiers of Lumberdy and Naples, in whose quarter he was. The enemies did shoot continually, but not much to our damage, being within our rampires where his majesty was. There died one because his haulberde was stricken out of his hand with a pellet, which haulberd killed one that stood by. This day, his hall, & bedchamber was shot thorough of his tent where he lay. Thus the enemies continued their batery until it was. 4. of the clock. Then the duke sent forth Alon so Bivas with .v. C. hackbutters of his terce, to scyrmyshe with them which the enemies had set forth. He scirmished so well, that he got the first of their two trenches, and after he turned upon them that were in the house, he scyrmyshed with them until it was late, and then he returned to our Camp in good order.  
¶ This night there was given to the enemies suddenly a alarm as they had many sith their coming, so that they were kept wake, and dysquyeted that day with scyrmyshes: and in the night lying in their harness (as we had knowledge by the prisoners,) so that their impituous furor began for to suage. For now we had gathered them so near together, that their horsmenue that were wont to ride within two hundred paces of our camp to spy, came not near by a thousand and five hundred paces, for our hackbutters pursued them so near, and our trenches and repairs being so strong, that they were now forced to have respect, and to keep them within their Campe. And moreover our new trench went forward, for his Majesty would dislodge them in any wise. Here it might be seen that he that came to dislodge, was himself dislodged. Now the trench was driven to the house the which we have now gotten, whereby we might easily beat all their Camp: that there was no remedy but away from thence. The Count Palatine sent at this time three hundred horses, which served amongst the enemies until within a short time before that they were broken. He excused himself, and said, that he sent them to the duke of Vertemburge as he was bound by a promise and a league made in time past, and not against the Emperor: and that he caused them to go perforce. Let it be as it was, for the greater number that were against him, so much more was the victory that God gave him. Many scirmishes were made in these days, and many things done by particular soldiers.  
One day early in the morning, they began again with their artillery to tempest and beat our camp, but more at large than they had done before. This continued until it was late: then in their retire they gave a notable peal. It is to be known, that in these days they had sent us pelletes innumerable, of the which there were many lost and fallen in our camp, but those that were found about the tent of the Master of the ordinance, were one M. & vi C. This night they had such a alarm, that they were all night in array. This was so ordinary that larums were looked for, the going out of our trench was the entering into theirs. Now had they lost many horses & soldiers dead and slain. And moreover then this, our horsemen took their victuales in all parts, so that they lived in great travail & misery, and we never suffered them to rest, but some times in the night, & ever in the day, they kept their battle ray. Then they determined for to dislodge seeing there was no other remedy. The next night they passed privily over a little river with their great artillery and carriage, & with so great diligence, that in the morning there could no tents nor pavilions be seen, but only their horsemen which began to pass, for they had sent their footmen before, and divided their horsemen in xiii. or xiiij parts, with certain field pieces which went in the rerereward. In this order they made toward Newburge. The Emperor sent out lighthorsmen to see what they would do: & then with the duke of Aluoy & other knights, he road to mark their fashions, which to my sight was this. They sent their great artillery and footmen before, and their horsemen incontinent after. It was a marvelous beautiful sight to see all the fields covered with esquadrons of horsemen and footmen in ray, and so in two lodgings they came to Newburge.  
¶ Now the Emperor had news that the Earl of Bure had passed the Ryne in despite of their enemies, whose Captain was the Earl of Aldamberge sent by the Duke and the Landgrave for the defence thereof. After this passage the Earl of Bure made toward Frank fort, his camp was of power to with stand the defenders of the Rind, but not to resist, they being joined with them of the league. Therefore his majesty sent to inform him how that he had dislodged the duke of Saxon & Landgrave, and that they had taken the way toward Newburge & Tonavert, which wai the Earl intended to come. It was thought best to give him warning thereof, he being so near unto Frankfort, doubting that the enemies would have taken the same way.  
¶ The Earl of Bure brought three. M. horseman at his charge and four M. which were come to him belonging to the Marquis Albert of Brandenburge, & to the Master of Pruse, and to the duke of ostrich. The which not being of power to pass the Ryne, they tarried for the coming of the earl of Bure, which brought xxiiij banners, good Soldiers of the Netherlande, and iiij. banners of Hispaniardes which had served the king of England against the frenchmen, & ij. of Italians from the same wars, with two. C. hackbutters, horsemen, and twelve pieces of artillery. The enemies at the defence of the Rind, were. xxxvi banners, one. M. & two. C. horseman. The earl of Bure set over v. M. soldiers one night iii leagues above the enemies, & did take a town standing upon the same passage, where all the rest of the army might pass without any disturbance. And after at Frankforte was fought a great scirmyshe, where many of the enemies were slain and driven into the town. These news came to the Emperor, but not without great difficulty, so many towns of the enemies being between.  
The Duke and the Landgrave being two days in Newburge, in which time divers news came to the Emperor, some said they passed Danubia to enter into Baver. And other said that they would take the way to Tonauert. His majesty determined to tarry for to see their fetch. And at the end of two days they moved they● camp, and in two lodgings they came to Tonauert, leaving in Newburg●. 3. banners for to keep the town. Here was one other great error, for there they had one great, & a strong lodging, with wood water, & all manner of virtuals, with the bridge at Newburge upon the river of Danubia, a great countrei of villages & forages for horses, & all at liberty through Baver up to Minique, they were sure of Lico the river of Angust with the town of Rain, so that if we should have gone thither, we should have had Neweburge upon our backs: neither could he have gone to Anguste, but they would have been there before him: nor to ulme, for they stand in the passage, but they looked not upon all these qualities, or peradventure they had a respect to other things. They went to Tonauert, and as it is thought by many to their great loss.  
¶ The Duke of Saxon and landgrave, being at Tonaverte two or three days the Landgrave went to a town of the Duke of Bavers, two leagues from Tonavert, called Limbygane, which was to him yielded. He set there Commissioners for the provision of victuals, he turned to Tonauert where they had strongly pitched their camp.  
¶ In all this time wrote the Landgrave unto the cities of the league, giving them account of all things that was done, putting them in comfort of more things than was done, in boasting of their skirmishes, with killing and taking many of the principals (and this he feigned:) but in them end of his letters it was ever more for money, which I think unto them was not much agreeable, for now the time drew near, that he had promised to drive the Emperor out of germany, or for to take him. But they perceived his business, order and faculty, not to be as he had promised them, nor as they had thought.  
At this time the Emperor had knowledge that the Landgrave had taken the way to Bendengan, against the Earl of Bure, for so it was said in the Camp of the enemies that he would do. He sent gides of the same Country for to conduct the Earl to his majesty by an other way, and it was determined, that if this might not be, for to follow the enemies, and for to enclose them for the one or the other was the reason of the war, and not to suffer the Camp of the enemies to go against the earl of Bure.  
Now his majesty turned toward the principal Cities which were left provided by the Duke of Saxone and the Landgrave, for it should have been a thing in vain to besiege them, and a great apparel to hazard the principal part of our army against the number in the camp of the duke of Saxon & Landgrave, being now joined with the xxxuj banners which had been in the defence of Ryne, & as it was thought the enemies erred yet in this, that th●● being at Tonauert all this time and had passed Daunbia with ten or xii. M. footmen and certain pieces of artillery. They made a fort upon the river of Lico near unto Rain, they lodged there as men that would make an end of the war, in the place that they had taken. For with the passage of Lyco, they were sure of August, and with Tonauert upon Danubia they were sure of ulme: but they content therewith, continued a great space in spending of time in their lodging. At this time the Earl of Bure had passed Frankforte, he came by Rotemberge and near Noremberge, out of the way and danger of his enemies. His majesty abode in Ingulstat for the tomming of the Earl of Bure, & after his coming, he road into the fields to his camp, which was fair and well furnished with horsemen and footmen.  
¶ After that he had been there two days, he determined to follow the enemies, & first to Newburge, for he would not leave so strong a town, so well provided at his back especially standing upon Danubia: a principal river and so necessary to serve a Campe. Wherefore he would go himself to view it, taking with him the light horsemen, & a number of hackbutters hispaniards. So early in the morning he set forth and went to Newburge, where he light on foot to take the view thereof. They sent pellets but to a little effect.  
¶ The next day in the morning, he raised his camp, and caused bridges to be laid over Danubia, so that in short time he passed over & lodged. j mile from Ingulstat, in the wai to Newburge, & from this day forward, our Camp went in an other order than we had gone: for we had gone but in two parts, vaward and battle: because if we should have made a rearward, every part of the three had been to weak for our enemies, they being superior in number. Therefore our vaward & battle, went in every one of them two esquadrons of footmen, and two of horsemen, for to be the more strong whatsoever might chance. But after the coming of the Earl of Bure, we made arerewarde. In this sort his majesty took the way toward Newbrocke, where at the first coming, the Burgemasters did yield up the town. And the captains therein, set by the Duke of Saxone and Landgrave, it was yielded to his majesty to do with the one and the other according to his pleasure. It was much to be thought that so strong a hold and so well provided, having the passage & rescue so near, did so lightly surrender.  
At this time the enemies have forsaken Rain, only sustaining the fort upon the river of Lico. Before this time there hath been divers opinions that his majesty should not set forth toward Newbrocke being so strongly defended, but he was determined therein. He left two banners of Dutchmen, and sir the men of war in an I'll near unto the castle for that night.  
The next day his Majesty with the order that he had taken, lodged in the orchards & suburbs of Newbrocke, and there was taken the armour and weapon from the soldiers, where he might as well have taken their lives being Rebels to their Prince, he took their oaths and let them go. He did the same to the captains saying: he did know that they were beguiled. They answered, not only beguiled, but also enforced.  
¶ His majesty being three days in Newbrocke, he made a general muster, in the which he found. it. M horsemen, & xxix M. footmen. How be it, they had been a greater number, but they were now minished by hurt, slaughter & infirmiti. After he had taken the fidelity of the town, he set a garrison there, and after he would seek the enemies, for his intention was to find them in place where he might give them battle. He determined to pass Danubia by the bridge of the same town, for to make toward Tonavert, for it was said that they had camped, & that there they would make an end of the war, in two days, his maiesti approached within a league of their camp, where he came to a village called Marquesen, the distance was not much, but the difficulti was more, because of a thick wood standing between the two camps, having no other passage but two or three cartwaies. This wood begun at our camp & extended unto theirs, his majesty commanded to view the ward, to see by what possibility an army might pass, & whether by the disposition of the place the camp might lie so near the enemies to make us lords of the wood. He sent the duke of Aluoi with a number of hackbutters which were divided in the wood, as it was thought Then he with xxiiij horses passed thorough the wood, so near unto their trenches, that he was within the shoot of a saker. The Duke took with him three or four and went on foot, where he did see the situation of our enemies, they were so busy in labour, that they had no other regard. There the Duke perceived that the wood stretched so near their camp, that there was but a little plain of four or .v. paces, and at the utter part thereof, one step going down, and a like going up. And upon the top of the bank they made their trenches so, that upon the left hand it joined with the wood. This vallei served as a ditch. Upon the right haud they were fortified with Danubia, so that there was no place to lodge our camp.  
With this relation he turned to the Emperor, who seeing that it was not possible to approach our enemies for the causes above said: his majesty imagined by what means he might remove them out of their strong lodging, for being there and the wood between, it could never be brought to pass, but this war should be ever at large. Then he concluded that we should go with our camp on the right hand toward a town called Bendengen, leaving our enemies upon the right hand.  
IT is to be understand that the Emperou hath travailed much in Germany, whereby he doth not alonely know a great part thereof, but moreover he hath a discretion and a universal knowledge of all the whole country, so that when need shall require, verily he doth deserve & comprehend the situation of the cities & towns, and how they stand with their dystances the one from another, so that it appeareth that he hath been there parsonaly, rather than by sight of painting: so that it was his opinion, that his camp being at Bendengen, we might be lodged at Norling, & there being, we should have a good country for victuals, & at the backs of our enemies, and a place whereby might be taken from them, all that came from thence. All the time the Emperor was in this determination, there were continually scirmishes in the wood, by foragers, but no great slaughter on the one part nor on the other. And whenthe day appointed was come, the Emperor commanded for to dislodge in the order accustomed & being a great mist we came to Monehun, a town in the liberties of Newbrok. The day following his majesty dislodged & came in a litter because of his Gout. At his coming to Bendengen the Duke of Aluoy sent him the Burghmasters, which did yield them & their town into his hands. Now his majesty was certified that the horsemen of our enemies appeared after our rearward, wherefore he commanded it to be reforced with hackbutters, for according to the disposition of the way, they were most necessary, & therefore to be set in place where they might be profitable if the enemies should take the way to make any other provision. This day we lodged between Bendengen and Norling ever keeping this order. The vaward stood ever in array to the coming of the battle, the which in coming made their esquadrons. The vaward and the battle lodged, they abode the coming of the rearward, this was the order in all his wars.  
The camp of the Emperor being lodged, did come knowledge that Norlyng had received two banners from the duke of Saxon and Landgrave, for the which doing they did much repent as they confessed after. In all this time the moving of the enemies was not known, but that they had set two banners in Norling that night. After the camp was lodged were sent forth light horses for to search the ways toward the enemies, by whom we were certified that one part of the footmen were discovered, and two esquadrons of horsemen with their carriage, but no knowledge what way they would take. This referred to the Emperor he commanded the camp to be in order before the day.  
At this time came an other warning that they marched straight toward our camp, this was a little before the day: so the camp stood all in a readiness, and when it was day, the mist was so dark, that it differed but a little from the night, his majesty was then much pained with the Gout, nevertheless he commanded horsemen and footmen to be ready in esquadrons and not to look for the breaking up of the mist, so that if the enemies came to fight, they should not find us out of order, or if they should peradventure take an other way, and the place might give us occasion to present them battle.  
¶ At this time the mist continued so dark, that verily we could not see the enemies, nor our camp with our esquadrons, standing so near together could not deserve one another. The enemies by the help of the mist (which for a truth may be called help) they followed the way to Norling. They passed. ij passages before they could be discovered with our horseman, so that by. ●ij. of the clock in the day, they had passed these two streygtes, and dangerous river, and gotten the mountain going toward Norling. They had a great time for they went all the night, and after in the day in the mist so close, that it served them as well as the night. They marched so diligently and with such speed, that it would never have been thought that the Almains, which seem to beslouthful & heavy, would have made such speed, but we have seen the experience in this war, that they can warlike raise their camp in good order, & their carriage together with their artileri in place convenient at all times when need shall require. And seeing that I have said so much, I will say more of that we have experience of this nation. This it is, they can raise their camp (as I have said) and chonse sure & strong lodging, haing a respect to all commodities that may be for a camp. yet there is an other thing that I note much in them, that in their skirmishing, they come out strongly & retire warrely, beginning with their light horses which they call black, taking the name of their black harness which they bear with sieves of mail, short dags of. ij palms of length, and javelins, with which they are very handsome. And as for their footmen, they keep good order & can take great advantage with artillery. They can break victuals from their enemies, set emboyses, and other like feats of war to good purpose. This was the diligence of our enemies by the help of the night, & after of the mist. Now his majesty had seen our camp in order, and when it was clear day, the duke of Aluoy came and certified him, that he thought they would give battle, for he had seen them in order, & ready for that purpose. To the which his majesty answered. In the name of god. For if the enemies would fight, so would he. These were his words in sum sitting on horseback, for because of the gout, he might not stand on foot. He did take his curates & bracelets and moved the camp in this order.  
¶ The duke did lead the vaward, & with him the earl of Bure, with all his horsemen and foremen. In this vaward went all the footmen of Spain, and shortly after went his majesty, the horsemen of his house and court, and the bends of Flaunders, which went with their standards. There went the prince of Pyemont, to whom his majesty had given charge in those wars, with the esquadron of his house, and the court. There went also Maximilian the prince of Hungary, with all his horsemen. The marquis John of Brandemburge with his. The footmen of the battle were the regiment of Madrucho and the italians: the rearward was conducted by the great master of Prence, and the marquis Albert, the regiment of George of Ranspruge. The vaward did lead sixteen or seventeen thousand footmen in three esquadrons, & three thousand horses. The rearward might be viii thousand footmen, & two. M. horsemen in one esquadron. The horsemen of these three parts were divided confirmably for the necessity, setting the black harness in place convenient, & the men of arms with their lances in their places. The rearward & the battle went, (as it were) equal: for why, his majesty would honour the captains which were willing in such a day to meet the enemies in front, & not to be left behind  
¶ It is to be understand, that before the breaking up of the mist, the Prince of Salmona had begun a skirmish with the enemies at the coming of the Emperor. It was so hot, that his majesty sent the Earl of Bure with his horsemen, to be near unto the river, whatsoever might chance. All things being in these terms, now the battle of his matesty, had made equal with the vaward coming to the shore. And there he took the duke of Aluoy, & other captains, & went upon a mountain where he might see what the enemies did. In some things there it did appear that they would accept the battle, & come down into the plain, lying between that hills & the river. To the which they were much procured on our part, with a new skirmish of back butters, that were sent over the water. But they kept the mountains going toward Norling, and now their vaward had taken their lodging. His majesty made the camp to stay, but now the Earl of Bure had proved the passages, with certain horsemen, but it was strait, & travelous to be done late and far of the day. But this day it had been fought without any doubt, if the mist had not covered the enemies so long time until they had passed the straits & passages aforesaid, feeding us with skirmishes to their advantage, for our horses could not pass the river in any order, & our footmen wading through the water, should have fought with great travail, but they took an other counsel: for they did take a lodging easy to be kept, with less power than they had, but now as I have said: it was late, and time to turn unto our camp, and the enemies in the mountains, did the same. This night they lost many soldiers & carts which our horsemen did take.  
¶ The other day his majesty thought best to raise his camp, and to go near unto the enemies, and so in the self and same order as the day before, he went over against them & took a place for his lodging one mile and an half from their camp, where the same day was fought a skirmish of horsemen. In the which the marquis John of Brandenburge with xxx of his horsemen did fight against one of the dukes of Brunzwique which came with the camp of the enemies, he was hurt & after died of his wounds at Norling, & other notable men of theirs which were hurt & slain that day, & some of ours likewise.  
¶ His majesty being there lodged certain days, seeking by all means to have them in chase, but they were so settled to their purpose for victuals, that he did know it was necessary for to move the reason of the war, and not to lie camping and losing of time without any profit against the enemies which were so strongly lodged, that for to remove them, it behoved rather to use policy then force: & there about he was determined to work. And thought which way he might take away from them Danubia, the which was so necessary for both the camps, that to my judgement, a great part of the victory did consist in the geatting thereof, for the towns standing thereupon, be of great importance to be lords of the bridges, for to go into Beaver and Suever. And at this time, the enemies had all those betwixt ulme and Tonauert, and so they were lords of great plenty of victuals For they had the passage of Angust at their pleasure, than he seeing, that the getting of them should be to their great detriment and disadvantage, and that moreover he might have places necessary both against Angust and ulme, two principal heads of the league. He considered what was best to be done, and so he devised in this sort. He commanded a muster daily to be made against our enemies. Then he sent one night duke Octavian, with the horsemen and footmen of Italy. And Examburge with his almains and xii pieces of ordinance: with all diligence to Tonauert, from our camp iii leagues, giving them instructions what was to be done Whereby with great diligence they came unto the town early in the morning, where they began to beat, without rampire or trench. And so with open stalling they entered. There went out fleeing over the bridge two banners of footmen, which were set there by the duke and landgrave.  
¶ Now I have thought good for to declare one thing, which the readers may desire to know. How many soldiers be a banner ii or. iii because I have spoken oft-times of banners, and not of the number. A banner of Dutchemen is commonly of iii C. men or above. This town gotten, they left their two banners, the rest returned to the camp. The enemies had no knowledge of this until the next day in the morning, for although they lay near unto our camp, it was done with such diligence, that they had no understanding thereof. This was of great importunity, by reason of the situation of the place. In one day his majesty raised his camp, and removed to Tonauert, and there lodged and the town at his back, upon the left hand Danubia. That day the enemies moved not, for to give any disturbance in our way, whereof I have marvel, being so great a number of horsemen, and knowing the country, and the passages so much out of order, for in passing we have been oftentimes in stay and losing of time: and forced to be subject to many inconveniences. How be it, his majesty had provided against all sinister chances. He set the hackbutters Hyspanyardes and italians, in a place apt for their purpose. The rearward was fortified, according to the disposition of the way, which gave no place, but to go in range. At length he came to Tonauert, and from thence to Tillingam, above upon Danubia, which is a town of the Cardinals of Angust. There is a good bribge and a plain way, having Danubia upon our left hand, and upon our right hand, a great thick wood, standing betwixt us and our enemies, ever following, until we came to the river of Prence, which is three miles above T●llingā, & entereth into Danubia: and so we went, leaving the wood upon our right hand. In the which there be two ways from Norling to Tillingam. His majesty taking that ways, there came to him to be surrendered, the town of Ho●hscot, with a strong Castle standing upon Danubia. Likewise was surrendered the town of Tillingam, which was taken from the Cardinal of August, wherein was a banner of guard, but they fled when they heard of his coming. He lodged that day between Tillingam & Londginguen. There is a bridge upon Danubia, and a strong hold reasonably fortified. There were three banners, and that which went out of Tillingan. They were syted by the duke of Aluoy, for to yield. They answered stoutly that they would not, for they trusted to be rescued the next day, by the duke and the landgrave. But seeing the battery provided, they took an other counsel, and in the night they went from thence, and took the way to Anguste. The Burgemaisters submitted themselves with one excuse that they had been constrained by men of war, and not willingly, to do any thing against his majesty.  
¶ At this time the Emperor had knowledge that the duke and the landgrave were coming straight toward Lodgingen: to this he gave credit, in so much that the men of war which had been there, looked for rescue. He caused the camp to be in order, and a certain passage to be taken, where the enemies must of necessity fight or turn back again. If they would fight, his majesty had the place for advantage. And if they would turn back, they should lose their labour. Then for doubt of the one or the other, they set their enterprise aside. But all things being at this point, the town of Langinguen came to surrender to his majesty, it was known of them, that not only they looked for succour from the duke of Saxon and the landgrave, but moreover that Exertell had been there that night, and that he had fetched away the four banners to August. shortly after Longinguen, came into a town called Gunel●inguen, standing upon the river Prence. The Emperor commanded John Babtista Sabello, with the Pope's horsemen, and Aldadano Aguilera, to pursue Exertell, and these four banners with their two companions, and Nicholas Seco with his Italians, which by great diligence did overtake Exertell, where they had a great skirmish: wherein was taken many soldiers with three pieces of ordinance, which they carried from Longinguen to Anguste. With this, John Babtista Sabello turned to the Emperor, the which John the same day left in Longinguen two bamners, the Emperor lodged with all his camp. When he had passed the river of Prence, in a village standing thereupon called Sulten, three leagues from ulme: for his majesty would go to ulme, intending to take the towns, standing upon Danubia, for he being there afore the enemies, if they would come to rescue, the battle might be to his advantage. The which he was sure they would procure to do, except they would lose it: So he concluded the next day to part from thence. But when the Camp was rising, certain light horsemen which his majesty had sent the day before, certified that the enemies were in gate. And then it was necessary to know: whereupon they would determine, before that his majesty should dislodge his camp. He sent forth other to see what way they would take. They had gone that day a long journey. Our horsemen had not discovered them, for being strangers in the country, it was long before that they could find the right wai. Some Almains brought news, but they agreed not all in one, until the enemies were so near that our scouts hard their drums, and one part of their men appeared.  
¶ At this time the enemies were come so near, that the duke of Aluoy being abroad, he hard their drums and did see some of their folks. He certified his majesty, which went upon a mountain, where he might see the vaward of the enemies, with great strength of horsemen, and the footmen near unto a wood side, with certain held pieces, wherewith the landgrave professeth himself to be a great doer I do not know to whom a man should give the thanks, to the Launt grave or to his captains. But this I can say, that it hath been diligently bestowed, as I have seen. After that the Emperor had seen the trade of the enemies, he perceived that they would take the way toward Guingane, standing a league from our camp. He returned to his camp, & the enemies to their lodging. There was at this time, a skirmish, but of little effect. It hath been thought by some that day, that it had been good to have given them battle, but all things counted and debated, the truth is, that we had no space nor time to have set forth our men in esquadrons, because of the woods, and the speedy taking of their lodgings. And espectallye the river of Prence being between both camps: and if there were a fault, the fault was this. That our enemies were found after that the deed should have be done. And this was through divers relations of the scouts: for when the truth was known, the time was passed.  
¶ I have considered one thing in this wars, which I have divers times seen, that for the most part, we have lacked good guides, although they have been naturally borne in the country, yet of a truth we have gone groping as men do in the dark, by conjecture, and all for lack of good guides and scouts, I cannot say what is the cause except it he as Cesar said by Considio, a valiant soldier and of great experience. Ceasar sent him for to have knowledge of his enemies. Considio rood forth and did see men, thinking that he had seen the enemies He returned to Ceasar, and said that he had seen his enemies. And that the mountain that he had appointed Labiano to take, was taken, and occupied with the French men, and that he had seen their banners and arms. This error of Considio, was the cause that Ceasar was all that day in a stay, and did nothing until the enemies had time to mend their lodgings. So Ceasar sayeth, that Considio being afraid, he thought he had seen that thing that he had not seen. Now this is to our purpose, for our discoverers, either they have not seen their enemies, or when they have seen them, they have had little regard, to say the truth.  
¶ The Emperor being in his lodging, the enemies mustard certain esquadrons of horsemen over against him, having a little skirmish as I have said, they returned unto theirs, the which although it was divided by slacks and running brooks, yet they had a strong lodging for their purpose.  
¶ This night, his majesty spoke of going to ulme, but after many opinions. Finally, the next day he did take resolution for the moving of his camp: for why, he was certified that the enemies had sent unto ulme, three thousand suichiners, and xv. C. soldiers of the same country men, sufficient to defend that city. The which so being, it was no reason to go theragaynste. Leaving one army at our backs of four score and ten thousand men, for it is clear, yi we had left our lodging, they would have been shortly therein, where they might easily have taken away our vyctualles, for they could not come any other way. They should have been Lords of all the towns upon Danubia. Therefore the going to Ulme was revoked, by the reason of these particulars afore said. For the manor of the war should have turned from lodging to lodging, and every day skirmishing, where unto the enemies came continually. The duke of Aluoy appointed to make them a skirmish, more than ordinary. So the next day in the morning, he made an Imboyshe of three thousand hackbutters, in a wood toward the enemies standing upon Prence. He sent the prince of Salmona with certain of his horsemen, to give them a bayghte near unto their camp, and there he set upon the Stragglers, there came out in gross after their custom, some lose, some in Esquadrons, and the prince withdrew himself toward the place appointed. There was a great skirmish with horsemen and hackbutters, there were many overthrown, and lay along in the fields, with the bends of their colour. In this skirmish they did much help themselves with their artillery, but our hackbutters had the upper hand, by the help of our light horsemen. How be it, they charged stoutly in gross, but there were of the principal horses of all the nations that served his majesty. But the order that the duke had taken the night before, did not fully take effect, because of some negligence. His majesty commanded the skirmish to retire, to the which the enemies were so willing, that the retreat was all at once.  
¶ His majesty perceived his enemies to be so lightly provoked: he intended to give them a notable onset. So he appointed on a day the light horsemen to assail their trenches, so that by skirmishes, they might be brought abroad. He divided the Dutchemennes covertelye in ten parts of the wood, and likewise the Hyspanyardes, and italians hackbutters, and all the rest to be in a readiness, if need should require, and moreover certain pieces of artyllerye to be laid secretly. He also commanded that the Prince of Salmona with his light horsemen, to do according to the order that was taken. Which was to allure the enemies out of their camp. as he had done the day before. There came forth of their camp two great Esquadrons of horsemen, which would not for any thing that could be done, depart from their artyller. Aynd this I think was for one of these two causes, either they had knowledge what order we had taken: or because they had been so skirmished with the other skirmish past, that they durst no more come in the place where theihadde so much lost.  
¶ The Emperor seeing there could no other thing be done, because their camp was so strong, he procured to provide for the night, a camisado, in the which he appointed the footmen Hispaniardes and Madrucho with his charge. The great master of Prence, and the marquis Albert with his horsemen. With this Camisado the next night the duke of Aluoy made toward their camp. The Emperor was abroad secretly in a place, for to have knowledge from the duke what was to be done. But when the duke was within half a mile of the camp, he perceived their watch to be reforced. He commanded them to stay until he had farther knowledge, for then shortly he did perceive that they had warning, for their links might be seen from one ward to an other. Then the place considered, and how it was fortified and provided, it was not thought good for to hazard upon such a chance. For after, we had knowledge that they had warning four hours before our coming, by an espy out of our camp. So the duke returned to his lodging before it was day, and the Emperor at the same time. Now it seemed that this war was new to begin again, for the enemies were so settled, they could not be removed.  
¶ Then the Emperor began to search an other entry, but in the mean time we had continual skirmishes with taking their victuals, and killing their foragers with larums in the night, which is a thing noyful unto all nations.  
¶ At this time his majesty took an order, that the Prince of Salmona with his light horses, and the Lord of Brabansone, knight of the order of the golden fleece, Fleming, with the Earl of Bures horsemen, should go in a scout, as the enemies did. They met with two great bends of horsemen, not far from their camp, where was overthrown, slain and taken, a great part of them, a standard, and the standard bearer was taken. There was a chance, which I have thought good to be written. It is so, that the same horseman that did take the standard, was belonging to mounsure de Bure, which the same day in twelve months, had killed a standard bearer, and taken a standard from one which was brother to this same standard bearer. This done, the Prince returned to the Emperor, after that he had slain and taken many of the enemies, bringing a great number of horses & carts, which turned them to great hindrance, loss, and detriment.  
¶ At this time the Emperor determined to change his lodging for divers causes: one was because of the great infirmity and sickness amongst our soldiers, and also it was so full of mud and mire, that our artillery was well near immovable, so that we could not help ourselves therewith: wherefore it was thought most convenient to return to Longinguen, as to a place most meet for all things necessary. In this lodgig died the Colonel George o● Rausburge, which in all the Emperor's wars had done good service. At this same time the Cardinal Farnese, nenew to the Pope, returned to Rome.  
¶ The Emperor departed from this lodging of Sultan, with the order accustoined, and came to Lau gingam. This day the enemies made no show, but with one esquadron of four C. horses. There have been divers opinions, that if the duke and the landgrave had would they might have given battle to their advavauntage, for they had enforced their camp with xu M. men of Uiertemburge which they call choorles, but such choorles as they be, they have of late given an overthrow to xxv M. Suichiners Now they be in strength and we lacking, for the almains of the overland and of the netherlande be fallen in sickness, and of the Hispaniardes a great number. There could not be found four M. italians, for the rest were dead and gone unto their country, but as I have said, the enemies made no demonstration for to take any advantage of any commodity that they might have for to fight. After the Emperor departed from Sultan, and was lodged at Laugingam, he had news from the kings brother, that he had the victory in Saxony, & that he & the duke Morris had taken the most part of the estate thereof, the which for to be more speedily signified unto our enemies, or for because thet did know that we had knowledge, there was sent a great salutation of artillery.  
¶ All the time that the Emperor was lodged in Longynguen, he road daily about the camp, (as it is his ordinary custom in all his wars,) and into the fields, for to behold where the enemies might occupy any place against him, or he against them. They had been two or three times spying about a castle in the keeping of the hispaniards, a mile from our Camp, (but ever at such times when they could not be overtaken.) When the Emperor had diligently considered all things, he sought for to have an other lodging, so that his doings hence forth might take better effect. He found one for his purpose, and after he turned to his camp, which was so full of mud and mire, that our men of war were sore travailed & wearied. Wherefore there were divers opinions, but all agreed that his majesty should dislodge and to avoid his men by garrisons, and so for to make the war, but he was of a contrary opinion, and that was to follow the wars, and this was the best as it hath proved since by experience.  
¶ Now being in our lodging so foul and miry, that our carts nor yet wagones' could come in with victuals, he determined to remove to the other, which he had afore seen, leading the camp in two parts, the footmen and artillery in the one part, and in the other part the horsemen toward the enemies. This day I think that the enemies might have given us battle, for they had the plain fields to come against our horsemen, our footmen & artylery far of. I do not know the cause, except they did not know our passage, in the which the Emperor was forced to divide by parts, as I have said. The way was of such sort that this must needs be done.  
¶ The Emperor being lodged (as it is said) it was a great pleasure to all the army, in so much that it was called in praise, the emperors lodging, for it was diffarent and did exceed that which we had le●t: for there was much wood and water, a strong place and for the resort of victueles, commodious: A mountain upon the front against our enemies, much like unto the work of hands, whereupon we laid our artillery, from whence we might shoot into the fields. Upon the right hand we had a marish, and upon the left hand a great wood, the which did extend upon our backs: We were so near unto the enemies, that our ward and theirs skirmished ordinarily. The Emperor commanded to cut their vyctualles, the which was done by such diligence by the lygh● horses and hackbutters, that all the way going to Norlyng, Tynckespoole and ulme, did lie full of dead men, broken carts, and vyctualles scattered. And of our part there were given so many skirmishes in the day, and larums in the night, that they could neither eat nor sleep in rest.  
¶ Now our camp being lodged in this place, called the emperors lodgig, our advantage began for to appear, & our enemies to be more slow in skirmishes, for they came not out with such vigour, nor so lustily as they had done, but our men assailed their trenches, out of the which they came but seldom times. They showed only with their artillery what wills they had to skirmish, for now with their guns they begin to make a fort, and many times prisoners were taken near unto their camp, & they were not only oppressed in this, but they began to be in great penury for lack of bread insomuch that divers prisoners confessed that they had been .v. days without it. And moreover that they were in great fear, seeing that they had thought that the Emperor had been gone afar of, and yet he was returned more near at hand then he was before, and with his camp he determined to put them to flight, the which they might well perceive, seeing the place that he had taken. And because he would the more oppress them, he caused a mount over them for to be taken, so that they might easily be beaten in all parts. At this time the city of Norling entreated to yield, the which had: there did need no other advantage for to dislodge the enemies, for one Garrison being therein, their victuals might be taken, whereby they might be in famine more hard and sharper than any artillery.  
¶ At this time the Duke of Saxon and the Landgrave were at a consent for to write a letter to the Marquis John of Brandenburg brother to the elector, the which should be written in the name of a knight, servant to the elector. The substance whereof was, that the knight should pray the Marquis John, that he would speak with the Emperor, and say unto him: seeing that he was a Prince inclined unto all reason, he thought it should be good that by some means peace might be ●ounde, laying before him the wealth of Germany. And to this they offered certain capitulations touching religion, which were to the great advantage of the Catholics, but not so great as his majesty by the help of God did intend. This letter was written by this knight, called Adam Trope, chancellor to the elector of Brandenburg, it was brought by a trumpette to the Marquis John, whereof he made relation to the Emperor, and by his consent it was answered▪ that if the Duke and the Launt grave would put their parsons and estates into his hands, he would be content to speak of peace, or else not. They hearing th●s answer, wrote again, saying: that the affairs touching parsons of estate, required deliberation, wherefore they thought it good that he and the Earl of Bure, with the duke, & the Landgrave, might common together in some place appointed. The Marcas wrote unto them again by the emperors consent, the very same words as he had before written.  
¶ Now they of Norling either by dissimulation, or for because they were not of power to put out of their City the banners there left by the Duke and the Landgrave, they treated so long, that the Emperor thought best to take the upper hand, and for to dislodge the enemies perforce for being there it could not be done, but he was determined in any wise it should be done. So the next day we raised our camp. He commanded their camp to be beaten, for sith that Norling did so tract the time, he would take an other order. This was in the latter end of November, in which time was taken the landgrave's brother in law, by his other wife which he had taken, for so they keep the laws which they find in their gospels.  
¶ At this time the Emperor had news that the enemies were up and going, but this was about the midst of the day, for the Spy (although he was natural of the country) had lost his way, therefore we had no knowledge, until they had hurnt their lodgings, and sent their carriage and great ordinance before. And at midnight their footmen began to march, leaving in the rearward their horsemen and small artylery, which were wont to go before. The Emperor hearing of this, he sent certain light horsemen for to be clearly certified of their parting. The certification was, that their camp was altogether forsaken. The Emperor road forth with the horsemen of Monsure de Bure, and commanded the dutch men to come after, and the footmen to be in order and ready at the sending for them. He commanded six hundred Hispaniardes hackbutters to be set forth as speedily as might be and then with the horsemen that he had taken, he road to the camp of the enemies, there they had left many sick men, for of a truth that made great haste. Then he commanded the horsemen to follow, and to keep them in skirmish. The Duke of Aluoy desired the horseman of the Earl of Bure for to follow after. But now the horseman which were sent to keep them in skirmish, turned again, with the stragglers which they had taken of their rearward, but their camp did keep on the way, getting of ground toward a hill, where they had one thousand hackbutters, their horseman passed over on the other part all except two standards, which tarried thereupon with the hackbutters. But when they did see his Majesty coming with his horseman, both their hackbutters and the horsemen did forsake the hill, going down toward their Army. The Duke of Aluoye did make all the haste possible for to take the hill that they had forsaken, from whence it might well be seen where they had taken an other hill a mile from thence. The ●●nce between these two hills, was all plain and discovered. They did lay upon that hill uj pieces of artillery, with the which they did beat all the plain fields. Now they being gone down into the valley, and the Duke of Alnoy upon the hill aforesaid, their footmen might be seen marching along, leaving a great wood upon their right hand. Their horsemen were divided in the plain, in eight or ix parts. Our light horsemen did begin for to skirmish in the valley, than one banner of black harness was sent down by the Duke for to engrose his skirmish. This was at the coming of the Emperor with other horses, but the enemies with a high trot, had gotten ground on the other side of the hill, under their artillery. Then they began to shoot of at our men in the valley, their hackbutters at the corner of the wood, made away for to be with the footmen, which kept the ordinance upon the mountain aforesaid.  
¶ Now the Emperor with a few horseman came to the hill, which we had taken, for the other came after as men of arms might come. He abode there for to take advise what might be done to keep them there, but now the day was far passed, and the enemies being upon the hill aforesaid, began to kindle their fierce in many places. And his majesty seeing that it was not possible, for to over take them that day for lack of warning, as it is aforesaid: he determined to take the other hill, and to leave the Duke of Aluoy with his horsemen there. And when it was late, he returned to the other lodging for to set forth the footmen that night, because the enemies should have no time for to dislodge. For the Emperors determination was for to have them in chase, so that he might find one place to give them a brake, and utterly to break their camp, or else to drive them from lodging to lodging, as he ever had done.  
¶ Four times in these wars the Emperor hath dislodged them, & as it seemeth to be, ij. times by art and two by force. First at Ingulstat (as they confessed themselves) they were constrained by force for to retire. The second time at Tonavert, by art in the geatting of the country at their backs, in taking of their victuals and setting upon Norling, a city of great reputation, and in keeping of the same, & from Norling he put them an other time by art: for his majesty did take from them Tonauert, and got all the cities and towns upon Danubia unto Vlme. He did take away from them the forward & ways to such cities where they might have any succour or aid, being the principals of all the power by the loss whereof all their enterprise did stand at an adventure. The fourth time was this: At Gangone where now they have been dislodged perforce, & reason of the war, as it may be evidently known by this that I have written. I will not leave one thing unwritten, although it be but a Soldiers term, it may come to the purpose to this that I have said. The Almains have a saying, that when the Landgrave doth manase any man, he threateneth him saying: I will make thee to go a loof This is the name of a town where he gave one overthrow to one army, whereof the makes his great boast. The soldiers reckon upon this, saying: the Lant grave hath threatened until now, that he would make us go aloof, but for to pay him withal, we have sent him now from Gangone. This in their tongue hath a property of grace in words amongst soldiers as Poises myllitar which hath strength and virtue.  
¶ Now to turn to the purpose, the Emperor returned to his lodging, and because he would get time for the next day, he caused the footmen and artillery to be speedily in order, and then after a little collation he parted from thence in a dark snow. At two of the clock after midnight he came to the lodging where he had left the Duke with the horsemen and hackbutters Hispantards (as I have said) The footmen came diligently after, we did see their fierce that they had made, and they might see ours: but leaving their fierce burning, they went on their ways so that when it was morning they had passed the river of Preuse, taking there a lodging near unto a castle belonging to the Duke of Viertemburge.  
¶ This night, jews Onixi●●, captain of Lombary, went for to see the doings of the enemies, who made relation that he had seen them, and that they were on foot & ready to departed: this was referred to the Emperor when it was light day, but the snow which was fallen in the night, and then snowing was two foot deep, wherefore our Soldiers were so weary and so dispersed, seeking where for to warm them, that it would have grudged a man for to have seen them, and the horses troubled with the evil night being without meat, sadeled and bridled all day before, it was a double travail, but neither the time, nor the inconvenience, nor yet the strong lodging of the enemies, might suffice, but that the Emperor would follow, except he should have other disturbance, as not have vyctualles, or not to have lodging near unto his enemies, or for lack of forage for our horses, the which without great travail then could not be had. All those parts being gotten and destroyed with the host of our enemies, so that thorough their long being there, and by the roads that we had made, it was impossible for horses to endure. For we were brought into the same necessity, whereunto we had brought our enemies, for they had the fruitful Country of Viertemburge upon their backs, which way they made their muster. Wherefore the Emperor being enforced of necessity by famine most terrible of all other in wars, and moreover with the hard and sharp weather, the enemies having the forward, so that it was thought inconvenient to continue the camp, but his Majesty was determynes for to follow them, and seeing upon the other part, that the wether was so terrible as it begun to be, he would not they should lack meat, drink or lodging. So that night we came late to the lodging with all the camp, which was necessary to all men, for we were sore travailed, but we refreshed ourselves with victuals, & some rest, so that we might the better labour and follow our business afterward.  
¶ This dislodging of the Duke and landgrave at Gangon, was the substantial point of the war: for from that time forth they were utterly broken & dispersed, as hereafter followeth. But before that I write, I think best to touch one thing that in all this war they have not offered us occasions, I do not say that we might fight with any advantage, nor yet equally that we might so do, sith this being of a truth as it is, offering hath not been even in deed, but set apart: for battles be venturous, & as we may get, so may we lose, as it is daily seen: If we had lost, it is clearly seen what we had lost, if we had won, it was impossible to be without great loss of blood in our army, & a great part thereof to be broken, & the cities in germany being whole. So although we had had the victory, we should have been constrained with a broken army to have resisted a new power, and th●● appeareth clearly, sith now the enemies be broken, & the camp of his matestye standing whole, now the cities of germany may have a respect to that they have taken in hand, so that to my judgement it had been a greater honour to the Emperor to deface his enemies, his army being whole then with any loss thereof. It is a common proverb, bloody victory attribuite to the soldiers, victory without blood, honour to the Captain.  
¶ Now to turn to the order of my writing, I say that the Emperor lodged two days in this lodging called the emperors lodging, there he had knowledge that the enemies were gone from Laugingam, and divided in two parts, the one was of the folks of the cities which did take the way to August & to ulme, the other were the horsemen of the duke of Saxon and the Landgrave: & as it appeared they did take the way toward Framnckonia, and without doubt, if they might have been lords of that province, wars should have been new to begin, for they might have ransomed many rich towns, & bishoprics, they might have leaved a great some of money, with great abundance of victuals & good lodging, which be. ● things sufficient to secure a camp going broken & traveled. The Emperor being advertised what the enemies intended to do, as he had before suspect, he raised his camp, & marched toward Norling in a troublous weather of frost & snow, & in two lodgings he came within a mile of the town▪ to a village called Bo●ingā, for this was the right way to Rotemburge, where he intended to be before the coming of the enemies, & there for to fight with them by the way: it was easy to be taken the forehand, for they roved far about, and out of the way, but his Majesty came straight unto Bosingane. The Burgemasters came forth against him, to yield up their town, and a castle standing above it, belonging to the Earls of Ottingame, and the men of war therein yielded to his majesty, how be it they had made a little brabbling before.  
¶ The next day they of Norling came to give up their town, for the camp was so near, that there was no other thing to treat upon. He put therein four banners, for the. ij banners which were left there by the Duke and the Landgrave, were gone that night to a castle, a mile from Norling, where they found other two banners belonging likewise to the Earls of Ottingam. These four banners ●et out soldiers to skirmish with▪ our men that lay a little from the castle they made a countenance for to come down but the Emperor sent the Earl of Bure with his men & ordinance, & then they yielded. The Earl brought the four standers to the Emperor, let the soldiers go free, they would have served the Emperor, but he commanded them to follow the duke of Saron & the Landgrave. Now Norling being surrendered, and men of war therein, he made governor of the country of Ottingame, a brother of the said Earls, which is catholic, he left the Cardinal of Angust in Norling for certain provision that should be made there. He went from Bosingame to Tinkespoole, a town imperial and of the league, they muster to hold fast, but the Duke of Aluoy was sent by the emperors commandment with artillery, & certain Hispaniardes and Almains. He gave monition to them of the town, and if the artillery were laid against them, they should be given in spoil to the men of war, than they gave up the town. The Duke brought the Burge masters before his majesty then being near unto the town, and there being one day, he left two banners of guard. He removed thence, and in two days he came to Rotenburge with great labour and travail, the weather being so foul & rough. They of Rotenburge came out against his majesty the day before his coming thither, offering their town to him saying: that they neither sent men nor money against him, and that is truth.  
¶ The Emperor had knowledge that his enemies were not far from thence, and they intended to have the Lordship of Franckonia, and therefore he made great speed to Rotenburge, where the ways might be best foreset, where the enemies intended to pass: for now it is necessary to understand that when his majesty was at Bosingane, the weather was so rigorous with frost and snow, that it seemed to be intolerable. Wherefore the most part of his camp, and of his Captains (as all of a vow) adnysed his Majesty to lodge his camp in Norlyng, & other towns which he had gotten upon Danubia, and about ulme & August: & to this they laid sufficient reasons. His majesty was of an other opinion, differing from his Captains and to choose a way more important, which was to defend Franckonia, and to lie before the enemies, that they should not lodge at August nor Vhne, for why this was an enterprise, that if it might be obtained, allthings might be done with more facility afterward. But if they should be suffered to come together, and to recover strength in Franckonia, it should have been hard to have come to any end, because the cities were yet in hope, seeing that their camp was not yet altogether broken, therefore notwithstanding all these difficulties offered, at this present he determined to cut them their way, or to constrain them to take an other, where by they might be driven in sunder, and dispersed. And this was a good forecast, as it hath sense appeared by experience. For the enemies having knowledge that the Emperor was in Rotemburge, they left the way to Franckonia for to take an other on the left hand, and with a great road, they made thorough the mountains, where of necessity they left part of their great ordinance, dividing it by carriage into the Castles of the Dukes of Viertemburge, being there by, so that when his Majesty came to Rotemburge, they were. 24. mile from thence, being but. i●. the day before. They go now so broken that these two heads, their guides parted themselves, the Landgrave went with three C. horses toward his house: and passing by Frankeforte, the governors of the town came to speak with him, as to a neighbour and captain general of the league, & asked him counsel what he thought was best to be done, in time of so great necessity. He answered them saying: this that I think best is, that every Fox keep his own tail.  
¶ Likewise the Duke of Saron did take an other way, gathering up the relics of the field that he could catch. With a great code he went toward his country, compounding with Albies by the way, taking of them money to pay his Soldiers, for therefore they followed him.  
¶ The Emperor being at Rotenburge, and seeing the enemies so altered, and that the time and place served not to overtake them, he determined for to give lyrence to the Earl of Bure, for to return into Flaunders with the camp that he had brought, and that he should go to Frankeforte, and procure by force or otherways for to get the town, which is great and rich. Then the Emperor parted with the rest of his army, where the business had been in times passed, but the great reputation of the victory, now made the war in germany for the Emperor. At this time divers cities sent to Rotenburge their Ambassadors for to yield, & other began for to entreat to do the same. His majesty removed from thence, when all the cities and towns imperial unto the Ryne, and some of Suaver came for to yield them.  
¶ The Emperor parted from Rotemburge: and in two lodgings he came to Hale in Suever, one of the cities given up, and of the most richesse of the province, and one of the league: and there, for the indisposition of the gout, he tarried longer than he had thought to have done.  
¶ At this time the Country Palatine began to treat as a man repent, because he had showed himself against his majesty. These treatise and rogations, were so set forth, that his majesty amitted him to his clemency: for at the end this is the virtue of Ceasar: so they said at the beginning, that it might please him for to remember all things but their offences. The Count palatine came to Hale to his court, a day was appointed to come to the palace, he was brought into a chamber where his majesty was set in a chair, for the indisposition of his feet. The Earl came in with great reverence, and began for to knowledge his fault, and that he had offended, wherefore he did much repent. His majesty answered, saying. And verily I have lamented in extreme, that in your last days, and being of my blood, and brought up in my house, that you have showed yourself so against me in favour of my enemies, in the aid of their camp. But I having a respect that we have been brought up together so long time, and to your repentance, trusting that hence forward that you will serve me as you ought for to do, and other ways than you have done, than I am pleased to pardon you, and to forgeat all that you have done against me, and so trusting that with new deservings ye will deserve the love and amity wherewith I receive you. The Earl said he took great repentance in knoweledging his offences sufficiently. As I thought and other that stood by, the tears fell from his eyes, in the meekness that he showed. It moved men to p●e●ye for to see a Lord of a house of so much antiquity, and of the emperors blood, so honourable and principal, that white head discovered the tears in his eyes: verily it gave a great force to his discharge: From thence forward, his majesty treated him with the familiarity past, although he had then received him with severity necessary.  
¶ Now the Lords of ulme make such speed for to reduce themselves into the service of his majesty at the same time that the county Palentine was in hall, they came unto the Palace, desiring to be before his majesty. They were brought into his chamber where they found him sitting in a chair, and the Earl standing before him, they kneeled down, showing a countenance of their minds. Then their principal said in sum these words.  
¶ We of ulme make knowledge and confess, the offences that we have done, which hath been all in our default, and of other that hath deceived us: but now seeing there is none so great a sin, but God doth pardon them which do repent: wherefore we trust that your majesty will emit, having a respect to our repentance, and to receive us into your mercy, and so we beseech you for the passion of Christ to have pity upon us, and to receive us into your favour, seeing that we do submit ourselves unto your service, to serve you as true and good subjects, with body and goods as we own of duty to so good an Emperor.  
¶ His majesty answered, that the coming to knowledge of their error was a great part to have their pardon, and moreover that it was a great sign (being repentant for that which was past,) that they would serve him truly in time to come, as good and true vessayles to the Empire: it should be a cause that he would be the more willing to grant their pardon, and so he admitted them to his grace, reserving unto himself that which was convenient to be done in their City, to the wealth and quietness of the Empire. This is in sum all that there was done.  
¶ shortly after, his majesty, because although the duke of Viertomburge began for to feel the banners imperial approach, and to flatter a little, it was not so much, but yet it was more necessary that the Emperor with weapon in hand should bring him to obedience: for the Emperor having at ulme so near a neighbour of the Duke of Viertemburge, that it was not convenient to leave him free in strength, and to departed from him to go about any other enterprise: for why, his majesty being absent, it might have been an occasion to have had news. For August being one foot joined with that estate, there might lightly have been some revolution in ulme: for this hath been ever in a readiness, through the neighbourhood that they have had together with other neighbours, which naturally be troublous, and ever have desired to turn his affairs when they have been most quiet. I say this by the French men the which Viertemburge being out of obedience of his majesty they have had ever an open port to range about in Germanye. The Emperor for this respect, or for other, which he ought for to know better than they that know no other thing but that which toucheth their hands: he took upon him the enterprise of this estate, and sent the Duke of Aluoy before with the hispaniards, and the regiment of Madrucho, and the Colonel Examburge, and the Italians that were left, the which were so few, that I make no number, and to my judgement, the cause was this: that the continual travail in our camp, made that there lacked many soldiers of all these nations: and moreover then this, the slow payment of wages, which sith the coming from the river of Prence, had ever increased in our camp, & that landgrave having enforced his, as it is said, yet gave us no battle, as he had so of to promised to them of the league.  
¶ Now the duke of Aluoy is gone with the part of the army, which I have spoken of, with the Dutchehorsemen, and the three hundred men late come out of the realm of Naples. His majesty came after with the rest of their horseman, & the regiment of the Almains, which of late had been in the conduit of George of Ransburge, and now at the leading of the Earl of Massoulte. They went straight to Alprime, a town imperial and of the league, standing upon the entry of the three ways that go to Viertemburge, the way to that town is most open and plain for to carry Camp and ordinance. The Emperor being at Alprime, the duke of Viertemburge began for to make ready his business, for by the way diverse towns were come unto the duke of Aluoy, for to yield. And going forward, they came in to obedience all, except some strong holds, which by the disposition of their Situation, were inprenable. But the Duke of Viertemburge, taking a more wholesome counsel, was refourmable to all things that the Emperor did demand, and gave him three of his strong holds, which should please his majesty to take, and these were Ahsbridge, a great Castle full of ordinance and victuals, Ruramberge, which had provision for many years. The third is called Porendorse, which was provided for two thousand men for many years, of ordinance and vittaylles, conformable to the same. In these Fortresses were found much artillery of the Duke of Saxons and landgrave, the which they had left there, because they might make the more haste: and in especially in this town, being Lady and the key of the entry into that estate, them he gave unto his majesty, two hundred thousand Ducats, promising to be at his commandment, nothing except.  
¶ The Emperor having in short tune thus subdued the Duke of Viertemburge, having these forts in his power, and the country assured, he had knowledge from the Earl of Bure, that Frankeforde was given his majesty, and that he was therein with twelve bamners. Two days after, came the Burgemaisters of the same city, which he received according, and with like conditions as the other, reserving it to the convenient wealth of Germanye. The next day after, came seven cities together, all of the league, amongst the which were Menengam, and Quintain, so that before his parting from Alprone, all the Cities of Suever, except August, were come to his obedience: for as I have said, the victory of the Emperor did fight for him in Germany.  
¶ His majesty parted from Alprone, & did take the way to Vlme passing through the Duchy of Viertemburge, and in▪ vi. days he came thither, but they of the city had sent unto their Borders and confines with a great company of ambassadors to receive him: and there kneeling in the field, they made him an oration in spanish, because they thought it (as they say) most reverent to be spoken in the tongue which most naturally was his, and more tractable than theirs, they offered him their city with their bodies and goods, as men determined for to serve their prince. He answered them in Spanish graciously, as they say, showing themselves well content, and joyous to bear good will, to the which now they be come generally in all Germany. In so much that the men of war call him commonly▪ Vnser fater, that is to say, Our father. These words were spoken one day by a prisoner of the enemies, brought in by the Dutchemen before his majesty. He asked him it he knew him: he said yea, I know you, ye be our father. Unto whom his majesty said: ye be villains, ye be not my sons, these good men that stand about me be my sons, and I am their father. This was a great rebuke to the prisoner, and a joy to the Dutchmen that stood about him. Moreover than this, with all other he is loved and desired, for they that have been against him in the war, most part offer to prove, that they have been beguiled, and not to be of knowledge to go against him, insomuch that there is amongst them a principal Earl, which hath stricken himself seeing his own default, and no marvel of this, for the force of virtue is so much, that it moveth them that be evil to quarrel well: and so now all men esteem much more to be in his favour, then for to save their goods, which without him may be lost. I writ as I have seen and know.  
¶ His majesty being in a town belonging to ulme, came to him ambassadors from August, for there had been given the earnest of our Camp: yet although they sent for to yield them to his majesty, it was in conditions such as he would not except. For their supplication was for to have pardon for Sebastian Exertell: and if that it pleased him not, yet at the least, his Castles and towns might remain unto his children. But his majesty would not grant unto this. They declared unto him that Exertell was in August, and that he had two thousand men and a great part of the city, with such strength, that they were not able for to deliver it. His majesty answered, that they should not need to trouble themself with that, for he would be there shortly and dispatch that matter. When they were returned to their city, with this resolution from his majesty, the people were so afraid, that they gathered together concluding for to yield: and they of the Senate being in the hall of the city. Exertell came in and said unto them. Lords, I can tell whereupon you treat, it is to be at a composition with the Emperor, but because you shall not let for me, I am determined to go myself, for peraventure in so doing, and other things that I think for to do, may be a mean for to obtain my pardon. These words spoken, he went to his house as secretly as he could. It is said that he took the way to Suisa. They of August came to ulme at the days and hour appointed, they were brought before his majesty sitting in a chair with all the ceremonies imperial accustomed. They kneeling upon their knees, one of them spoke in this manner, first seeing the ordinary titles, used unto Emperors.  
¶ We of August having a respect to our offences, and like so to the correction that we have deserved, but knowing by experience your clemency to be so much, that all they who h●●e offended you, & after being repent of their errors, ask you mercy, have found it in you. Now sith we have repent with all our hearts, we be so bold to call for the succour of your clemency, beseeching you, that this which hath not failed you in other, that it be not lacking unto us. And seeing that we submit ourself unto your will: we be seche you, that the disfavour which we have deserved, may turn unto favour, as from so pitiful a prince it is looked for. His majesty answered confirmably as to them of ulme, few words more or less, and commanded them to rise: they came & touched his hands as the other cities did.  
¶ After the yielding up of August, Vlme and Frankfort, there lacked but Argentine, of all the four principal heads of the Empire: but she seeing that August, Vlme & Frankfort, had obtained to be admitted of his majesty, they sent to ulme for to have safe-conduct for their Burgemaysters, the which came for to give up their city, & to be obedient unto his majesty. For now they have known that the pitiful victory of the Emperor, may do more than the inducings & promises of some other for their own particular respects, having treated with them of other things  
❧ The conditions with the which generally that he hath received the county Palatine, the duke of Viertemburge, and other knights, and all the cities beside those which particularly I do not know, being league perpetual with them of ostrich.  

1. ¶ They shall set at nothing all other leagues that they have made heretofore with any other.  
2. ❧ They shall declare themselves to be enemies to John Duke of Saxonye, and to Philip of Hesson landgrave.  
3. ¶ They shall chastise all those soldiers that have gone or shall go out of their country to serve any other against the Emperor.  
4. ❧ They shall receive men of war in those places, where it shall please his majesty, as Examburge with his colonel in August, the Earl Thom of Nassoult, with his in ulme and the xii Bamners' de monsure de Bure in Franckforte, with other conditions which be reserved unto a time convenient.   
¶ This war hath tracted with this most furious nation vi months: in all this time his majesty hath lacked no care, peril, travail nor watching, that for to achieve such an enterprise, hath been needful: in the which I dare say (although it hath been done with felicity,) the Emperor's fortune was never greater than his industry. For who that will consider from that day that he set his camp, and hath seen the enemies, shall see that he hath gone ever geatting of ground, and in putting them back, and also dislodged them at Ingulstat forcibly: since from Tonavert & from Norlyng, with great industry. And after the last of all from Guinguen, by force and reason of the war, where they were so broken, that they lost all their force, but only those which duke John might gather together, for to go against duke Morris. And the landgrave retired into his country, his majesty reserved for a time convenient what was to be done with these two in the mean time. For these things, & other like, he would take his rest for a certain time in ulme, for to purge himself there with the Pale of the Indes, that for his Gout is wont to be profitable.  
¶ The duke of Viertemburge came to kiss the hands of his majesty, offering him essensuallye, himself with all his power: he tarried four miles from ulme, for there he was taken with the Gout, with the which he is much vexed.  
¶ Who that considereth well the progress of this same journey, shall see how many importunate effects were these four times that the enemies have been dislodged, and how much more it hath been for his majesty to follow them against the time, and against all other lets, that have been laid before him. For as this appeareth unto me, in this only doth consist the accomplishment of the victory: for there hath been no lack in time of envious parsons, to procure and to disturb the progress hereof. But God that hath parmitted and will parmitte his greatness to go forward, for his majesty with the same industry and felicity that he hath gotten this Empire, with the self same likewise, he shall conserve it. For why, with these arts that the Empire is gotten, with those it is a thing easy to be sustained.  
had sent, that he had no time for to take any rest in ulme, but must begynnne for to take an order for a new enterprise, which was as necessary to have his parson, as that which was passed. For duke John with the men that he had gathered, had recovered his estate, all except only Subisa, nor he had left duke Morris but Trissen and Lipsia, which he kept with strong hand, so that it might be said that he did hold Saxony & Boeme in such sort, that they confessed him to be their friend without any remembrance of their king. But for the duke all that might be done, they were so shameless that with one honest dissimulation they did take and keep by force the castle of prague.  
¶ When the Emperor had set all things in a readiness at ulme, he did take upon him this new travail of his parson, and sent viii banners of footmen, and viii C. horses, with the marquis Albert of Brandemburge, which had also with him one. M horses. And other viii banners also. He sent Pence which be the sinews of the war, if these should join with the king and duke Morris, they might be superior to the duke John, all things framing as it was prepared, for the more as hereafter followeth: for it was otherways provided for the king than he had thought. The Emperor sent down Alvaro de Sande, master of the camp with his terce Hispaniardes, the marquis of Marnan with 8. banners of dutchmen, but they were commanded to tarry, for the affairs of Saxonye be come unto this, that of necessity he must go parsonally in this war: and he determined not to pardon any of his labour or travail therein, seeing how it did stand, not only to the king and duke Morris, but also to all germany: for that fire left burning, it might kindle so, that the victory paste might have been consumed and brought into the terms that it was before. This considered, the Emperor departed from ulme, when he had provided for the footmen of Spain, to part from their lodging with the ordinance that he had in ulme.  
¶ The duke of Viertemburge because of his infirmity, might not come when he was appointed: but now being amended, he came the same day that the Emperor parted from ulme, to do his obedience as a Prince vanquished ought for to do unto his vanquisher and Lord. Heabode in the hall until his majesty had dined, sitting in a Chair, wherein he was brought with four men (for it could be no other ways.) The Emperor passed by, but he saw him not, but the duke did behold him still. The Emperor did set him down with the Ceremonies accustomed. The Marshal of the Empire stood by with a naked sword, the chancellor of the duke and all his counsel kneeling upon their knees. Then after the ordinary titles declared to the Emperor, in the name of his master he said these words,  
¶ I with all humility according unto my duty, present myself before your majesty, and openly confess that I have grievously offended in these wars past, & that I have deserved all the indignation that ye have had against me: wherefore I am sorrowful, and repent as it is reason, and come humbly to beseech your majesty for the mercy of god, and for the natural inclination of your majesty, to pardon and to receive me into your grace: for only you and no other I acknowledge for to be my natural and supreme lord unto whom I promise in all parts to serve with all mine, as an obedient prince, vessel and subject, with obedient subjection and thanks according unto my duty for to deserve the most greatest grace which I now receive. And moreover I offer to accomplish and faithfully to fulfil all the Chapters which his majesty hath given me.  
¶ The Chancellor of the Emperor at his commandment answered the majesty of Cesar. Most pietiful Lord, understanding this, that the duke Vldrike of Vtertemburge hath humbly proponed, and seeing his repentance, and that he openly confesseth his grievous offences against his majesty, and how worthily he hath deserved his indignation having a respect that he hath bewailed, and that for, & in the name of the mercy of God he asketh his pardon, his majesty Ceasaria for the honour of God, & by his natural clemency, & because the poor people which have not offended shall not suffer, he is content to forgeat all the indignation that he hath had against the duke of Viertemburge, upon condition that he observe and keep all things which he hath offered, and is bound to perform. The duke of Viertemburge gave great thanks to his majesty, promising for to be evermore his most faithful, the duke sitting barehead in a chair, for his Ambassadors were sent before to beseech his majesty that he might come as his infirmity permitted, for on foot nor upon his knees (although it was to ask pardon) it might not be. This was to them of Vlme a great admiration, seeing their mighty neighbour so call for pardon. This passed, his majesty did take his journey toward Gangon, where the enemies had lodged: he did see their number and perceived how they had fortified the place where he had thought for to have given the Camisado, where they might have had a great advantage. He went from thence to Norling, where he was taken with the gout, so that it was thought that he should not be able for to ride of long time, but there was such diligence with all things that might be found for his health, that he began to amend and was able to walk.  
¶ At this time John Fredrick duke of Saxon had increased his camp, and began to be a lord over all, for he had taken the Marquis Albert in this sort. The Marquis was in a place called Rockeles, for they which kept the wars against the duke John, were set in front against him. Duke Morres was in Frayberge, the king of Romans in Tresson, the Marques Albet with x. banners & eight C. horsemen in the place aforesaid. Moreover they had furnished Suybisa and Lipsia, the which had been a little before assailed: but it was so well defended by the soldiers, that his assaults were all in vain. This town of Rokelez was belonging to a Lady, widow and sister to the Landgrave, the which did entertain the Marquis Albert with dances & banquets after the custom of Almaigne, showing so great amity, that he became more negligent than a good capitain ought for to be in the wars. And on the other part she advised the duke of Saron being in guard three leagues from thence, with i bend of horsemen, and two banners of foot men, which on the other day diligently and early in the morning came upon the Marquis Albert, which would in any wise fight in the plain fields, and there he was taken fighting more like a valiant knight then a politic Captain.  
¶ There have been divers opinions, for some do say that the place might not be defended. Other say, that if he had tarried there, the duke Morres being near thereby with his horsemen might have rescued him. Other say, i● he had kept the four banuers which he lodged in the Bourawghe, he had not had the overthrow: but for all these opinions it came to this, that he lost .v. C. horses killed and taken, and many of the rest went to the Duke of Saxon, which had gotten all the banners of the footmen: other were taken and sworn, not for to serve against him as is the custom of Almaigne. The Marquis was brought to got, a strong hold of the Dukes.  
¶ Now after this victory, it was thought that he would have gone against the Duke Morres, he being so near at hand: but leaving them in Frabrige, he began to have a respect concerning the affairs in Boemia: he sent Thumsern with vj. C. horsemen and twelve banners, they being at this time lords & Governors of the vale Laquimistal, thorough the good will and dissimulation of the Be●mose, for this dissimulation was the foundation of all his cast and compass. This referred unto the Emperor, he seeing that the king and duke Morres sustained these wars in the keeping of the principal holds, and that they set not forth of them for to attempt their fortune: He set forth in haste from Norling, where a little before had been the Burgemaisters of Argentine, a rich and mighty city, as it is said, and there they submitted themselves to be under the obedience of his majesty, with such conditions as it hath pleased his majesty to accept them, which was never granted to any emperor in time past.  

1. First that they should forsake all the leagues which they had made taking a oath not for to enter into any, where the house of ostrich was not the first.  
2. And to chastise all those soldiers of their city that hath been against his majesty.  
3. Laying a grievous pain up on all them that shall go against him hereafter.  
4. And to cast out of their city all rebels & offenders against his majesty. Amongst the which there was one captain general, whose name was William, the Earl of Fustemberge, who excused himself with all diligence and justifications that might be.  
5. They delivered unto his majesty all their artillery and munition at his pleasure, as other cities had done, with other particulars which I do omit to write, because I will follow the brevity that I have begun, sith it may be set forth more at large: in so much that the Emperor hath opened to them so large a field that they may well extend their subtle style how great so ever they be. I ensure you they shall remain inferiors in the matter.   
¶ Now the Emperor parted from Norling, he did take the way to Newremberge with ii regiments of Almains, of the old Soldiers of the Marquis of Marenan, and of Illeprande, the which a little before the departing of the Emperor from ulme, he died of a burning ague. The Emperor lost in him a good servant, and a soldier of great experience, and of great reputation in Almaigne, beside these two regiments. He commanded an other which was made and set forth by a knight of Sucuer, called Hanse Walter, he had also the leading of the footmen of Spain, and the men of Arms of Naples, with uj C. light horses, and a. M. dutch horsemen belonging to the Taichemaster, and to the Marquis John, and to the Duke of ostrich.  
¶ The Emperor had sent before, the Duke of Aluoy, which had lodged his camp about Newremberge, except certain banners which tarried to wait upon his majesty. The Duke being at Newremberge prepared all things necessary for the emperors coming, leaving there eight banners as it required for the emperors authority. And it was necessary: for although the nobles of the country he much imperial, yet the multitude of the people, which be a great number, and many times furious, and worthy to be bridled as then they were: The Emperor was received into their city with great demonstration of pleasure, he was lodged in the castle for the space of v. or uj days for the assembling of his camp, and for to recover his health, for yet his indispositions were not all quieted.  
¶ Who well considereth this war, it seemeth to be all one, this present being a branch of the other which is past, in some case there is reason, but to my judgement it is not one war: for the first the Emperor hath finished in the defaction of the mighty power in the camp of the league. The cities thereof rendered, & some of their greatest princes: so that as concerning this war of the league, it seemeth to be ended. The other of Saxoni (although the duke was therein) it is not to be accounted for a member, but the head and principal of the other, so parilous, that it was necessary for to have the counsel accompanied with the determination & the hardiness of the Emperor.  
¶ I will not make any boast of his doings, for they be so great of themselves, that it should be evil done of me if I should make payment (because he hath brought me up in his house) with any leasings, although I acquit it with these travails, being so worthy, that they bring with them admirations: so that all men may marvel, neither will I dispraise the the enemies, although the Emperor who hath overcome them, seemeth to be greater: but to say the truth, sith I am a witness, for there was nothing done but I have been near unto him from Newremberge, which was the way the Emperor did take for to meet with the king and duke Moreys at the town of Egner, where by opportunity of the place, it was appointed for to make the A mass of the wars, & that the king should be there with his horsemen and certain banners of footmen, and bring with him duke Morres with his number, for so it was determined, & the time appointed to be done. The king parted from Tressen, a town belonging to Duke Morres, and to the Duke of Fra●brige, & leaving the strength of the enemies upon the right hand: They entered into Boeme, for to come over the mountains, wherewith it is all environed, and to join with the Emperor in Egner, but the Boemose made a muster then of their intemtions, declaring that the great trust was not in vain that the Duke of Saxon had in them, the why▪ he extended so that it was the cause of many opinions, which I do not write, because I do not know so much of a truth as it requireth to be written.  
¶ Now the Emperor being iij. journeys from Newremberge, there came a Gentleman from the king of Romans with knowledge, that scythe that the king & duke Morres were entered into Boeme with their horsemen and footmen: A knight of the country had gathered a great number to cut down the woods in divers parts to stop the passages and the ways, by the which the king was purposed to come to Egner: wherefore he must go about thorough the mountains & the castles belonging to the knights there being with him. Wherefore he required a number of hackbutters Hyspanyardes for to pass more strongly, and for to have the Lordship of the wood. The Emperor provided for all things convenient, albeit that after it was no need to have the Hyspaniardes in this passage, for the knights of the country which were come to serve, did so much, that they were all broken and dispersed. This knight of Boeme came not with the men which he had assembled, his name is Gasper Flucke, a principal man in that country, from whom in time past the king had taken lands and goods (and notwithout deserving) and sense liberally he gave them to him again: but it seemeth that he hath remembered more the taking then the giving thanks for the gift, for it is ever the first point of ingratitude, to forgeat benefits received.  
¶ It is said that these knights which met together for to defend this passage, had made a banquet, and after cast lots who should be their Captain General. They did take such an order, that it fell to Gasper Flucke, and not for that he was more apt than the other for this charge, but because he was most in power for to furnish with men and money; or else it might be that they did it, because that if their enterprise should not have good success, every man would rather see the peril upon the head of an other, then upon his own. But let it be as it was, for the most part of that kingdom made a ruinous demonstration against their prince.  
¶ Now is the king of Romans passed by the Castles aforesaid, the Emperor was coming three leagues from Egner, the which is a city of the kingdom of Boeme, standing upon the borders of Saxoni, but it is out of the mountains: for Boemeis compassed about with great & thick woods, but toward the part of Morabia, it is more plain: for on all other parts, it seemeth that nature hath fortified it: for the thickness of the woods & the marishes which be in them, maketh the passages in the entering marvelous di●●i●il: how be it the land which lieth compassed about with these woods, is plain and fertyll, full of castles and cities. The people thereof be naturally valiant and of good disposition. Their horsemen in arms be like to the Almains, the footmen differ, for they keep not like order to the Almains, nor they use not like weapon, for one beareth a halberd, an other a Javelin, other staves of one fathom and a half of length, with great pikes of iron, other bear short handgonnes with broad hatchettes, with the which they cast twenty paces very handsomli. These Boemose have been in time passed soldiers of great estimation: but now not so much in reputation. The most part of Saxoni bordereth upon Boeme from Egner, keeping the mountains of Boeme upon the right hand, until it pass the Albes, which is a river of Boeme, and entereth into Saxony, near unto the city Laitemers. This I have thought good to be written, for the better understanding of other things past.  
¶ The Emperor now being at Egner, thither came the king his brother, duke Morres, & the Marquis John of Brandenburge son to the elector, for now his father had taken an order with the king for to serve the Emperor, & so sent his son for to serve in this war. The number of the horsemen with the king might be eight c▪ Duke Morres brought one. M. the Marquis John four c. as well appointed. More over the king brought ix C. hungarians, which to my judgement be the best light horsemen in the world: and so they showed themselves to be in the wars of Saxoni, the xlvi & now this the xlvij Their weapons be long spears, stiff & great, where with they give great encounters. They bear Targets or Tabbelines, which beneath be large unto the midst, and from the midst upward they be made sharpening, with a point above their heads. Some wear shirts of Mail, but in their Targets they put & paint poises & devices after their fashions, which do bosom them very well. They bear long stiff arming sword, & hand hammers called Martlets with long ●●eles, with the which they help them selves handsomely. They show themselves great friends to the Hispaniardes, for as they say the one and the other came of the Scythians. These were the horsemen which came with the king, footmen he brought none, for he had left four banners in Tressen, and the rest in the entering into Boeme went home to their houses. He had but one banner which tarried with him, & this he sent to Egner. Duke Morres put all his footmen in Lips●a and Subisa. The Duke of Saxon being thereby with eight M. Outchemen good soldiers, and a great number of foremen which he had made in the country, &. 3 M. horsemen armed & well chosen for the other twelve banners, & the rest of his horsemen were with Thumserne as it is said, and divided in divers parts.  
¶ The Emperor came to Egner, a city christened, which is no little marvel, standing so near Boeme and Saxon, for why in the one there be but few christened men, and in the other there be none. The next day after the coming of the Emperor, the king came to this city, where they abode the passion week and Easter holy days, and after he removed when he had sent the Duke of Aluoy before with the footmen & part of the horsemen, the which sent iiij. banners of footmen, iij. bands of light horsemen with Don Antony de Tollido, to a town where there was two banners of the duke of Saxons: but after they had skirmished a little, they yielded up their banners and armour.  
¶ All the country of Saxony bordering upon Egner, is full of mountains, woods & marshes: but after we came to a town called Plao vij leagues from Egner, there the country beginneth to be more open & plain, there be fair fields and meadows, with many castles and towns. This province was so set in arms, & furnished with the duke's soldiers, that there was no place free without his banners, ever conquering and geatting of ground. At this time the Emperor with all diligence made ready toward the enemies, for his desire was to find them in the field with all their power, because they should not take these iiij. strong holds, which be Viertemberge, God, Sonobalde, & Eldram, the which he had taken a little before from the Earl of Manfelte, for every one of these was of strength, & sufficient for to prolong the wars many years: wherefore the Emperor with all diligence, did take the wai to Messene, a town of the duke Morres, taken by the duke of Saron, and therein did lie with his camp, for that was a place apt for whatsoever he would appoint to be done, for there were bridges upon the river of Albys, and near unto Boeme, from whence he looked for to have great aid of horsemen and footmen, and likewise for to go to Viertemberge, if need should require. So being in this place, and the Emperor following the way, divers towns there about came in for to yield, and also the companies which the duke of Saron had lodged abroad in these parts were in chase, for in one day the prince of Salmona put to flight three banners, an other day likewise was done by a captain of the hackbutters Hyspaniardes called Aldana, and certain Hungarianes with him. At an other time, one captain called George E●peche, with vij banners of Dutchemennes, and certain horsemen did give an overthrow to eight banners which the duke had left in a place called Exemburge, they were all brought to the Emperor, so that our camp was ever doing things worthy to be wrytien more at large.  
¶ In this time the Emperor approached Messene with his camp, and being at his lodging, there came news that Thumserne was but one league and a half from thence, wherewith Duke Morres & the king of Romans were much altered, so that they believed it as if they had seen the enemies with their eyes. Moreover they thought it good to provide more than it was needful: for our folks being come weary and in great heat, and the news being uncertain, it was but to give a greater travail to our camp. But the Emperor, which could provide for all things necessary, sent two C. Hungarians for to discover the fields, and so did let rest the camp, which to my judgement was better than to have travailed men with an enterprise so much uncertain. The Scouts came to the place where the enemies should have been, they could not find them, nor yet have any news that horse or soldier had been seen there that day, but one which had been taken with a Spaniard in the morning, of whom it was known that the duke of Saxon was in Messene upon the other side of the river of Albeis where he fortified his lodging. The Emperor abode there two days for to refresh his footmen, for they had gone ten days with great labour & travail. Then he determined to march toward Messene, & there to make bridges of barks, for the duke had burnt those of the town, but he would procure to fight on the other side of the river, but he had news that the duke was up & gone from thence, & that he had taken the way toward Viertemberge.  
¶ I have many times seen the emperors setting forth take good efferte: but I did never see any come so to pass as this, for from the time that he removed from his lodging until he had made an end of the journey, there was nothing left undone that he had appointed, nor yet succeeded otherways then he had determined. He now considering that the going to Messene with his camp which did stand up above upon the river, he should lose so much tune that the duke of Saxon which was on the other side of the river might be at Vier●ēburge, which stood below & beneath upon the river, & therefore he sought for to have a ford, to be in his way and before his enemy. He was informed by one of the country, th●● three leagues from thence beneath upon the river, there were ii fords, but they were like to be kept & defended with the enemies upon the other part.  
¶ At this time there came certain hackbutters horsemen Hispaniardes with captain Aldana, which had been sent abroad to discover the enemies, & of this captain it was known that the night passed they had lodged in Milburge, on the other side of the river iii leagues from our camp: & there as they said was a ford, but their horses had passed swimming. The emperor perceiving that it was not time for to delay the journey, he sent for the duke of Aluoy and commanded to provide for every thing ●ōuemēt, for he was determined for to pass the river by ford or bridge, & to fight with the enemies, & upon this determination. provided for all things confirmable thereunto, the which to manisemed to be a thing impossible. The enemies being on the other part of the river, the way long and many things lacking, it seemed to be a greatlet. But the Emperor would in any wise that his determination should take effect, & commanded the artillery, and the barks of the bridge to be speedily set forth that day, and the footmen Hispaniardes at midnight, and shortly after the regiments of Almains, and all the horsemen in the order accustomed: but in the morning there fell a very thick mist, so that there was never a part of the army did see how other did go, and of this the Emperor complained & said: these mists do ever follow us when we be near unto our enemies: but when we came near unto the river, the mist begun to break up, so that we might see the Albeys, and our enemies lodged upon the other side. This is the Albies so many times named by the Romans and so seldom seen of them.  
¶ The duke of Saxon lodged on the other part of the river in this town of Milbroke, with vi M. footmen, old soldiers, & about iii M. horsemen: for the rest were with Thumserne, and the other were dispersed and taken by the way. He had with him xxi pieces of artillery and he was well assured and did know, that if we would go and pass by Messene, he might tarry or go where he would: & where as he was, it was hard for to pass, for the breadth and the deepness of the river being in his keeping upon the other side, with a town and a castle (although they were not strong,) yet they were sufficient to keep the passage. Now the lodging of our camp being settled & divided by quarters at the emperors coming about eight of the clock in the morning, he commanded the horsemen to be in order, and not to lodge. The place of our camp was near unto the river, but betwixt us and our enemies was a meadow ground & a wood standing upon the river. Now at this time aforesaid, the Emperor and the king of Romans, road before to meet with the duke of Aluoy, which had been to have knowledge of the enemies, & considering the river to be desended, it could not be thought by any means how for to pass. The Emperor the king, & the duke consulting together to make search by the advise of some in the country there about, to find a ford, for such a thing was not to be taken in hand temeraryouslye, without knowing where or how. Now the Emperor, the king and Duke Morres, after a little recreation taken in a house thereby, at their coming forth, going toward the enemies, came the duke of Aluoy, and said that he had knoweleddge by a man of the country, that could bring him to a ford, the name of the place where the Emperor came forth, is called Exsemeser, which is as much to say, wade, it was not far from the ford. They on the other part had set forth and divided their artillery & hackbutters upon the shore, standing at the defence of the passage, & at the bridge that was brought & made of barks the which they had made of three pieces to bring down with them more at ease. The disposition of the passage was in this sort.  
¶ Their rivage in the keeping of the enemies was much superior & above ours, with a ditch wherewith their hackbutters might be covered, our part was so plain and discovered, the every flood did flow over. They had the town and castle aforesaid, but we had no cover but the plain fields, except a few little trees standing by the water, & where the forth was thought for to be, it was three C. paces broad. And all though the stream seemed for to be slow, it had a vehement course: so that thorough all these things that I have spoken of, there was so great difficulty, that the help and determination of the Emperor was needful with art and force. An order was taken that certain pieces of artillery should be laid amongst the trees, standing nexe unto the water, & viii C. hackbutters Hispaniardes, so that these together with the artillery, might beat the enemies from the river, so that our hackbutters might be lords upon our side and come to the water. For although it was discovered, hard and perilous for to be done, yet of necessity it must be done.  
¶ At this time the enemies had laid hackbutters in their barks, which were coming down by the stream, so that it was needful for our hackbutters to go to the open bank, the which there did so vehemently that many of them entered into the river up to the breast, and charged so hard upon them in the river and in the barks, and killed so many, that they did forsake them, except a ●ew that stood at defence. At this time the Emperor was present, and this was the skirmish on the one part and the other: all their artillery, and hackbutters were discharged upon us, but our hackbutters although the place was notegall: they pressed so near, that the advantage might be perceived on our part, for the enemies began to slake and to shoot slowly. Then the Emperor commanded to be sent one thousand hackbutters Hyspamardes, with the Archemaister de Campo of Lumberdye, for to a Taulte the enemies yet more lively, and so the skirmish went so hotly on the one part and the other, so that it might be called a salutation of hackbutters. The duke of Aluoy certified his majesty, that the ford was found, and that we might pass. The Emperor was fully determined for to pass that day, and not to give any time to the Duke of Saxon, for to occupy these strong holds before named. They being sufficient for to delate the wars many years. The Emperor came to the ford when they were hearing a sermon, after the custom of the Lutherians: but when they hard how it was, I think they tarried not long to here their preacher, but to provide, which profited little against him that came against them.  
¶ The Emperor withal speed commanded the horsemen to pass, the river and the bridge to be laid and the footmen Hispaniardes with three regiments of almains. A●ter that the river had been diligently sought with guides and other of practice in the country, amongst whom there was a young man from whom the enemies had taken two horses the day before and he for to be revenged of his loss, offered himself to show the ford, saying: I will be revenged upon these traitors that have rob me, I pray god they may be hanged, he was like to be worthy to have good fortune: for he passed not upon his loss, but for to be revenged, as he shortly after was. The enemies set fire on some of their Barges, other were forsaken, in some other, the soldiers did lie along to be out of peril. At this time the bridge was come to the shore: but the river being so broad, our barges might not suffice, therefore their bridge was needful to be gotten, & like as against strength and virtue there is nothing difficile, so all these difficulties of the Albeis have not been impossible.  
¶ Now the enemies go from the river, for they may no longer suffer to be there, but a few which stood at the defence. The Emperor seeing that their bridges must needs be had, he commanded the hackbutters to be diligent. Then suddenly x. Hispaniardes stripped them, & with their swords overthwart in their mouths, they did swim to the barks of the enemies, and after they had killed the keepers, they brought them to our shore. There were also three Hispaniardes horsemen which did take the river, but one of them was drowned. But when the bridge was gotten, and our hackbutters standing upon the bank, their hearts began to fail them. All the horsemen came to the water side, but the Emperor commanded ix banners of Almains to keep the field, of every regiment three, and, xv. hundred horsemen, two hundred and fifty of the marquis albert's horsemen, which were come from the overthrow of their lord, to the king. He commanded the horsemen Hungarians, the which with the emperors horsemen now began to pass before the enemies went out of the town aforesaid. They had made a little skirmish, but our hackbutters entered into the water, and defended so lively with shooting of ●o thick, that our horsemen were as safe upon the other side as upon our part. But when the enemies began to break, there was no more hope to keep them forth: then they made toward a town called Troga, and if they might not take this advantage, ●hen for to go to Viertemberge, or else to fight by the way, i● they might not have time to do one of these two things.  
¶ The Emperor did take an order, and commanded the Duke of Aluoy, that the Hungarians and the Prince of Salmona with his light horses, should take every each one a hackebutter behind him, and to pass over with the men of arms of Naples, taking with him duke Morris, for these were the horsemen of the vaward. Then the Emperor and the king of romans with their Esquadrons came to the river. The Emperor road upon a dark dun Spanish horse, presented by monsure de Ry, knight of the order, and his first chamberlain, he road in white armour gilt, having no other apparel, but a broad bend of Taffeta Crimson, and a dutch murrione, a Demi-lance like a iaveling in his hand. He road as they write of Julius Ceasar when he passed the Ribicon, speaking these notable words, and without any doubt it was a proper comparison to us being there, to have the representation of the sight of Ceasar, passing a river armed, and with an host armed, and on the other part not for to treat but of victory, for the passage of the river was only with this hope and determination, so that with the one and the other, the Emperor did take the water, following the milner who was our guide. He did take the way more upon the right hand above in the stream, than the horsemen which were passed before: the ground was hard, but the deep was above the knees of the most of the horsemen, and in some places they did swim a little stretch. In this sort we passed the river, the ford extending three hundred paces.  
¶ The Emperor commanded for to be given to the guide, two horses and one hundred crowns, now the bridge was made with our barks, & those which we had gotten of our enemies, and the Hispaniardes began to pass, and a●ter the Almains according to the order that the Emperor had taken, and now the Hungarians set down the hackbutters which they had set over the river, and road before to skirmish, & to entertain the enemies which made great haste without leaving of any soldier in Milbrucke, as it was thought at the first he would have done: & this was one of the respects, for the passage of the hackbutters with the light horsemen. But with their camp, they did get ever the advantage of the ground, parting their footmen in two esquadrons, the one greater than the other, &. it. standards of horsemen divided in such sort, that when our light horsemen should overtake them, they might turn and give them the charge, so that their footmen in the mean time might march forward.  
¶ The Emperor with a high trot as men of arms might suffer, followed the way after his enemies, in the which way he found a crucifix standing, as ●● is commonly used, it was shot with a hackbut in the midst of the breast, This was of the Emperor so abhorred, that he could not dissemble his Ire, seeing so vile a de de, he looked up toward the heaven, and said: O Lord if it be thy will thou art of power to be revenged. These words spoken he road out through the plain & opē●ield. But the dust that came from the vaward was very great, and the air did drive it in our eyes. The Emperor road upon the right hand and this was for two causes. One was for to have sight at liberty, the other to provide for such perils as we have seen in our time follow when Esquadrons go not in order, as it is seen by experience, the vanward broken the battle lost, when it is not set in order as it ought to be  
¶ Therefore the Emperor provided against such inconveniences, setting the king apart with his Esquadrons, so that if our vaward should have been in peril, he was at hand for to secure, setting upon our enemies, who went so strongly that it was necessary so for to provide.  
¶ Now the duke of Aluoy with his men in the vaward, skirmished so near, that they made a stand and began to shoot of all their artillery, wherewith the almains be very great doers. The Emperor hasted to be equal with the vaward, our footmen had but vi pieces of artillery, being far behind out of our sight: it was no marvel, for the bridges could not be soshortly made This was then three dutch leagues from the Albes, and the Emperor made great speed with the horsemen because he would undertake to defeat his enemies: for if we should have tarried for the rest of our footmen, they should have had time & place, to achieved their enterprise. Therefore here it may be clearly seen, what may be done in great things, when counsels be determined.  
¶ The horsemen in our vaward were these iiii. C. light horses with the prince of Salmona, & with doen Antony de Toledo four C and L. Hungarians. He had sent iii C. out of our camp this morning to view Troga, a. C. horsemen hackbutters Hispamardes, & vi C. spears with Duke Morts, & two. C. hackbutters horsemen, two. C. and twenty men of arms, out of Naples, with the duke of Castor, here you may see our battle, which went in two Esquadrons. The Emperor might be four C. spears, & iii C. hackbutters dutchmennes horsed, the king was vi C. spears, and iii. C. hackbutters horseman. These were all our horsemen, and I ensure you I make the number no less than it was, our Esquadrons ordered indifferently, from the Dutchemennes, for they made the front of the Esquadrons of their horsemen sharp. The Emperor made his of seventeen in a rank, and so the front was broad, and they showed a great number, and represented a fair sight. And to my judgement: this is the best order and the most sure, when the disposition of the ground may suffer it, for why the front of one Esquadron of horsemen being large, there is not so much room to be coumpassed by the Flank, which may be done when the Esquadron is pointed and straight, and seventeen in rank, and seventeen in fylar suffice for the shock. This hath been seen by experience at the battle that the men of arms of Flaunders did get of the men of arms of Cleves, at the town of Sitrade in the year a. M. D xliii  
¶ The enemies went in order as I have said being vi M. footmen in two Esquadrons, and ix standards of horsemen, of two. M. and vi C. horses, and a Gueten accoumpanied with viii or ix C. horses. This was the duke of Saxon, which went providing amongst his Esquadrons, which at the first had discovered but our vaward, for the dust did keep the sight from the battle, wherefore he thought that he might well resist those horse men: But a marshal of his camp called Wolf Kraytes, who perceived us better, called him a part and showed him the battle discovered where the Emperor and the king came together. In this Esquadron with his majesty went the prince of Piedmont, & the kings two sons who led his Esquadron.  
❧ When the duke of Saron had seen all our horsemen, and that he had clearly perceived in our order & going all our determination, he turned again amongst the Esquadrons, determining with all speed possible to take a wood which did stand in his way, thinking to be there, with his footmen so strongly, that in the night he might go to Viertemberge, for the was his purpose, for at Troga he thought he could not be surely, for as he hath said sense, he had heard shooting of guns in the morning, which even in deed did shoot at the scouts which were sent by the Emperor, but he had thought we had been but the one half sent to follow him with the Duke of Aluoy, & that the other had been gone with the Emperor to Troga. Therefore he would not take the way to Troga, for there was none of his counsel that would advise him thereto, so that at the end he concluded to take the wood, in the way toward Viertemberge: and if that he must needs fight, yet that it might be to his advantage: and for to follow one of these two effects, he thought for to get the wood, which is full of marishes, and straight ways he sent his hackbutters and light horsemen to give the charge upon our light horsemen, so that his footmen might take the place in the wood that he had appointed.  
❧ Now at this time as it is said: the Emperor had made meet with the vaward: he spoke cheerfully to duke Morris, and to the men of arms of Naples, the words beseeming a captain in such a day as this, and to the soldiers giving them the name that was Saint George imperial, Saint James spain, so going toward the enemies a pace that was convenient. These esquadrons going thus equally, the battle fell into a marish upon the right hand, wherein did fall many horses, wherefore it was needful for to draw in the battle, so that the vaward might pass without intermeddling one esquadron with an other, & to be both out of order: & for this cause it came to pass, that going by it passed the vaward before the time that the enemies would give the charge as I have said, the which they gave upon our light horsemen in good order.  
❧ At this time the duke of Aluoy perceiving good occasion, sent unto the Emperor that he would give the charge, and so he did at a wing with his men of arms of Naples: the duke Morris with his hackbutters upon the other part, incontinent their men of arms & our battle which now went turning to get the right hand did meet: they moved against the enemies with such vehemency, that suddenly they began to turn: our horsemen broke in with such violence, that they had no place but for to fly, and began to forsake their footmen, the which at the first made a little resistance, thinking for to take the wood: but now all our horsemen were so far forward amongst their horsemen and footmen that in one moment they were all broken and scattered in sunder. The Hungarians with the light horses did take a side, and with a marvelous quick speed they began to execute the victory, unto the which these Hungarians have a marvelous great industry. They set upon crying Spain, Spain. For of a truth the name of the Empire, of an old hate, is not to them agreeable.  
¶ In this sort they did take the wood, in the which there was so many weapons, & so much harness scattered, that it was a great trouble to them that executed the victory. The dead and hurt were many, some at the encounter, other with great cuts, some with hackbuts, & of divers sorts, there were so many prisoners that many of our men had ten or xii running about them, many did lie dead, other did lie wallowing in their blood. There ye might have seen how they offered their fortune to their takers. Some were slain, some were taken, every man as he would: the dead men did lie in many places on heaps, and other in parts as they were taken flying or fighting. The Emperor followed the chase one mile: all the light horsemen and part of the Dutchemennes, and men of arms of the kings followed three leagues.  
¶ Now we being in the midst of the wood, the Emperor being there, stayed: and commanded the men of arms to requoyle, for all went so dispersed and out of order, that the winners and losers were ruffled together: wherefore he would make sure the victory, if any inconvenience should succeed to them that went before: for it is a thing to be noted, that a captain do think so, that he do not say afterward if I had thought, (as many have said,) but this is a foul word of a captain.  
¶ The Emperor and the king came together, which verily showed the courage of a king. The Duke of Aluoy came from the chase, in white armour guilt, and a bend of red upon a bay horse, without any other garnishing, but of the blood of the wound that he brought. The Emperor received him joyfully, & not without cause: & there being, it was said unto the Emperor, that the duke of Saxon was taken, and his prisoner, pretending to be the principals two men of arms Hispaniardes of them of Naples, and three or four light horsemen Hispaniardes and italians, one Hungarian, & a captain Hispaniarde. The Emperor commanded to bring him, & so he was brought before him. He came upon a griseld horse, in a great shirt of mail, and thereupon a pair of black curates being bloody of a wound that he had in his left side. The duke of Aluoy came upon his right hand, and presented him unto his majesty. The duke of Saxon would alight one foot, taking of his glove for to have touched the Emperor by the hand, after the manner of Almaigne, but the Emperor would neither the one nor the other. And for to say the truth, he was sore travailed through the heat and with the wound, that he came so weary and heavy, that he thought that the Emperor had had a more respect to this than he had deserved. Then he being bareheaded, said unto the Emperor according to the custom of almain. Most mighty and most gracious Emperor, I am your prisoner. To this the Emperor answered: Now ye call me Emperor: this is an o her name than ye have given me in times past. And this he said: for when the duke of Saxon and landgrave did lead the camp of the league, they did write him in their letters, but Charles of Gaunt: therefore our almains when they hear of this, they say: let Charles of Gaunt alone, for he will show himself to be an Emperor. Therefore the Emperor answered him so. And after he said that his deserving had brought him to this. To these words the Duke of Saxon made no answer but hurcled up his shoulders, and hanged down his head, with a countenance like worthy to be blamed. As a barbarous, bragging, proud man as he hath been. Yet the Duke spoke again, beseeching him that he might be entreated as his prisoner. To whom the Emperor answered, that he should be entreated as he had deserved. And commanded the Duke of Aluoy, to lead him strongly to the lodging upon the river, which was gotten the same day at the taking of the ford. The joy of this victory was general: for the wealth that is come thereby, is every day known more and more. The Duke Morres that day going in chase, one of the enemies had charged a hackebutte behind him, ready to fire, but he was custe in pieces, and his horse with them which were there about the Duke.  
¶ There was slain of the footmen of the enemies, two thousand, and many hurt, and being left there, diverse went away, and saved themselves in the night following. The next day were taken viii C. footmen, and of horsemen were slain v. C. and a great number taken: but amongst our almains the nation being all one, there were many conveyed: but those which came to knowledge were so many, that the Hungarians light horseman, and other men of arms had taken, there came not to Viertemburge of footmen and horsemen four hundred. There were taken xu pieces of artillery, two long culverins, and four demye culverins four demye Cannons .v. Fawcenettes, & great plenty of munition. The next day was taken other vi pieces, there was taken all their carriage, where our horsemen did find great abundance of good stuff & money. Also there were taken xvii banners of footmen and ix standards of horsemen, and the Geaton of the Duke of Saxon was taken, the Duke Hernest of Branzwique was taken▪ He in the war paste which had the setting forth and leading of all the skirmishes, the eldest son of the duke of Saxon was hurt in the hand, and he killed him that hurt him, and after he fled to Viertemberge, many of the principals were taken that day: of ours there died. ●l. horsemen, and other which died afterward of their wounds. This battle was the four and twenty day of April. M. O xlvii. upon Saint Marks even, twelve days, after that the Emperor parted from Egner, it began upon the river of Albeis, about xi of the clock, and was ended at seven of the clock at after noon, from the getting of the ford, he was followed as it is said, ever fighting until he was taken. His footmen and horsemen broken with such courage, and good industry, that it may be said by him: ille sapit solus voli●ant alu velut umbrae.  
❧ This great victory the Emperor did attribute unto God, as a thing given by his hand, and therefore he said these three words of Ceasar, changing the third, as a most Christian prince ought for to do, knoweledging the goodness of God. Veni vidi & vici.  
¶ The moderation of the Emperor appeared unto all men in the using of the duke of Saxon, one other Conqueror might have been that if he had so offended, could not have tempered his Ire, as the Emperor did, which is a greater difficulty sometime, then to vanquish the enemy. Now being late, the Emperor returned unto his lodging, at a leaven of the clock in the night. The next day artillery, munitions, harness, & weapons with the six pieces, were brought together, and the light horsemen Hungarians, brought in yet a great number of prisoners: for three leagues before the chase, they had followed the victory. The Duke of Saxon was delivered by the Duke of Aluoy to Alonso Bivas, master of the camp of the Hispaniardes, of the kingdom of Naples, and also with him duke Harnessed of Branzwique, which was taken by a Duchemanne borne under the king of Romans, and servant to duke Morres.  
❧ In this place the Emperor abode two. days. At this time Troga did surrender, and the Emperor with all his army intended to go against Uiertemberge, the head of the estate of the Duke of Saxon, & principal town of those of the election: and so he kept it most importunate, and fortified it continually for the space of. xxv years past, with a great number of artillery. The way lieth by Troga, where standeth a Castle, one of the most fairest that is in almain. In the which place duke John did take most ordinarily his solace and pastime, and there it was known by the prisoners, that they looked for Thumserne with his men, that he had brought out of Boeme with twenty banners which they of that kingdom had sent him, and a number of horsemen with them: but the quick speed of the Emperor hath cut away all their leagues, succour and aids from him.  
¶ The Emperor passed the river of A●bes beneath, half one league from Uiertemburge, by a bridge made of his barks, and of those which he had taken from the enemies. I think it is a thing worthy to be had in remembrance, this that hath been seen and known of this river. At that time that the Emperor pa●ed by forth, although it was deep, yet the day after, it could not be passed in any p●a●e without swimming. Here it seemeth that God maketh things light to them which go in his service. Other two things I will write, because I have seen them. One is, that in the passage of the footmen of Spain, an Eagle came soaring over them a great space. In the mean time a Wolf came running out of the wood, and was killed with the soldiers in the midst of the plain fields, this was a thing ꝑmitted of God or by chance, so that it was a great marvel to them that did behold it.  
¶ This day it was a great heat, the Sun appeared in colour of blood, & unto us that did behold it, verily it was not so low, and as it was thought, it should have been at that hour. It was a notable sight and in the opinion of all men to be true, so that I dare not say the contrary, it was noted that same day in Newremberge and in France, as the king doth say, and in Pymount, it was seen in the same colour. These things were so mu he noted & spoken, that I have thought good to write. The Emperor passed the river of Albes, and lodged between the woods in the sight of Viertemburge, which standeth in this manner.  
¶ This town of Viertemberge is great & strong, it standeth quadrant 4 c paces from the Albes. It is set in a raire plain that it may be seen in all parts, environed & watered with a deep & broad ditch, it hath a rampire of 60. foot thick, full of grass & herbs. It hath a vandemute that it is impossible to be beaten with artillery. There be .v. bulwarks, & a strong castle standing above, which discovereth all the country. Upon that part the Emperor was determined to make the battery: he sent for the xu M. labourers which Duke Morres had promised, & the artillery to be brought from Tressene, where was a great number and enough to beat Viertemberge, & to defend their town with the rest. But all stood upon this, that although we had the artillery, these labourers were so entreated by the way, that of xv. M. there came but. 4. C. & with great difficulty, as Duke Morres did say. At this time the Emperor began for to hear the prayers & supplications of the Marquis of Brāde●burge Electoure, which was come for to intercede and entreat for the Duke John of Saron. His majesty had considered divers things, amongst the which he hath considered the duke of Cleves to be Son in law to the king of Romans, and nephew to the duke of Saxon, who with great instance procured to save the life of Duke John, with part of his estate, whatsoever it might be, having pite upon so great a prince come unto so miserable fortune, and not to conclude upon the first determination, which was to take his life, and so it was be gone to treat, that the duke might be chastised: and yet the Emperor to use clemency, as it beseemed so great a prince, so much lauded in virtue as the first Ceasar, who saith that he did get more by clemency then by arms. There hath been divers verse opinions touching the life of duke John, one sort considered him only to be chastised, other considered the manor of the correction, with other qualicies so importunate, that they reputed the victory of the Emperor to live for ever, and that it should not need to bring them unto utter desperation, which put their trust in the emperors mercy. At the which men looked for to take example in that he would do to the duke of Saron, and so treating upon the one and the other, the Emperor concluded to be confirmable to his natural conditions that was givig the life to duke John with the conditions which were sufficient, so that they might be a recompense for the death of him, which of many he was judged to be worthy.  
¶ There were in Viertemberge the wife of the duke and his brother, & his youngest sons. In Goat was his eldest son, which was escaped wounded from the battle. All these looked for the success: touching the duke, to whom now the Emperor had pardoned life, by the intercestion of them which did entreat.  

1. First was taken from him, the election, and all the Towns which have gone with the same, of the which Vtertemberge and Troga be pryncipalles, and many other.  
2. To enter upon all the artylerye and munitions vohyche is a great number: for only from Viertemburge were fetched out an hundred and twenty pieces, the small ordinance except.  
3. His majesty did appoint in Curing certain castles & towns to his use.  
4. Goat which is a fort inexpugnable, he commanded it to be cast down & razed by the ground.  
5. There was found one hundredth pieces of artillery, an c thousand pellets, and other munitions according to the same.  
6. He to remain prisoner in the Emperor's court or in any other place where he will command at all times durig his majesties pleasure.  
7. And to be brought in, the banners, standers and arulerie that he had taken from the Marquis Albert, bosent for to the court. In things touching religion at the first he stood fast, but after he answered so fair, that it seemed to his majesty, that he should not need to speak any more of that. His brother lost a town which his majesty did give to the Marquis Albert.  
8. The Duke surrendered all the Castles and towns that he had usurped of the Earls of Mansfell, & from the charches & monasteries of Saxonye, & to be at the disposition of the Emperor, the which seeing that the principal part was touching religion, he began to take a good way & to be content with these conditions, and because he would not that so ancient a h●use which had done so great service to his in times past should be utterly extinct and undone: he would rather follow equity & meekness, than their and just indignation to the which he hath been deservingly encited by the wars in the year past when he did break the camp of the league.   
¶ All things compounded in this sort, duke John alive and chastised with so great correction, that from one of the mightiest princes in Germani, he is become a private knight and his sons shall divide amongst them that which he only possesseth, so that this house which hath been of so great power, shall be come so little as his pride hath deserved, but for all this it is not perceived that this duke hath spoken one lowly word, or showed any countenance confirmable to his fortune, but ever a constancy worthy to be kept in our true religion. Uiertemberge yielded with three thousand men of war. The Emperor sent to be there in garrison four banners. Two days after this, the Duchess came forth to do reverence and see his majesty: she came to h●stent accompanied with the brother of Duke John, & his wife sister to the Duke Henrike of Brunzwique, and a son of duke john's, an other was sick in Uiertemberge, and the third at Goat. There came also in their company the Sons of the king of Romans, the Marquis of Brandemburge, and other Lords of Alnmyne. She came before the Emperor with all humility that might be. It was not need to 〈◊〉 her her husband being in so great tribulation seeing herself depo●e●, and in a miserable estate. Her fortune showed her what she should now do, she kneeled down before the Emperor, but he did take her up, & received her as courteously as i● she had lost nothing of this that she had in her first fortune: it was a thing that moved every man to pity. There she besought the Emperor touching the duke her husband, whereunto she was graciously answered, she went after where he was amongst the Hispaniardes in their ward, & there she did viset him having licence of the Emperor, and then returned to the castle of Uiertemberge. The next day the Emperor entered into Uiertemberge, for to see the castle where the Duchess lai, which seemed to be a visitation like unto Alerander when he visited the mother and wife of Darius: for so much more is the victory when a prince doth use it moderately.  
¶ At this time came from the confines and costs of Tarterye, & Muscovia near unto the river of Neper three captains, offering to the Emperor their service, with four M. horses: he answered them with great thanks, and that the wars were now in term that it should not need and so they departed. Likewise there came Ambassadors from the king of Tunezey, for to treat with the Emperor concerning certain affairs for their Lord, & they offered him as many Aloraves which are the chief horsemen, so that it may be said that out of Cythia, & from Libya, men be atracted bithe greatness of the Emperor to write of him.  
¶ Now the Emperor had sent a knight of his house called Lazaro Esbende, for to take Got with two banners, and that he should set at liberty the Marquis Albert, and that he should tarry there, and see it divided and cast down to the ground, other places came in to surrender at their terms: for such an order was taken, that in Saxonye there was nothing left to be done. But Boeme, which is their neighbour, was at an evil point with their king, but they of the kingdom sent Ambassadors to the Emperor, with the fairest words and greatest offer that might be, but his majesty did keep them there for to be dispatched when he saw his time.  
In these days duke Henrique of Brunzwique the young man was against bream with two thousand horsemen, and four thousand footmen, in the which enterprise he had aid of the Emperor, because he was an enemy to the Dukes of Lumburque Lutherans, & of the league, as it is written more particularly by them which have in charge to write more at large. He was put to flight by an Earl of Mans●elte, a Rebel and Lutheran, and Thumserne Captain for the Duke in Saxony, the which with the men that he had in Boeme, with a great road that he made about, he joined with this Earl of Mansfyelde. They two being together, had tour thousand horsemen, and xiiij or xu M. footmen. Duke Henryque of Brunzwique complained unto the Emperor upon an other captain that having a commission from his majesty had made war against those cities, which came not to him in time: it followed that the Emperor caused the captains to be taken.  
¶ This story is to be written by them which writ more particularly of the Emperor: but to speak of the power of Duke John, as he hath said scythe, if the Emperor had tarried two days longer, he had received him. with xxx M. footmen, and vij M. horsemen, a strength sufficient to fight with four M. horsemen and xvi M. footmen, if he which was their leader had not been worth so much as to fulfil the number of them that lacked for to be egale with our enemies. And it is clear, that he had this strength, beside those which were with him when he was taken, and the banners which we put to flight before the battle. There remained whole four M. horsemen and xiv. or xu M. footmen, beside the account of those which he looked for out of Boeme, and so he was determined, that if he might not fight to his advantage, to divide his men by garrisons, some in Madeburge, & one of his sons in God, an other in Viertēb●rge, a captain in Eldran, an other in Sonab●●t, and of this sort to compass the Emperor about: with taking away of his victuals, but all these policies came to nothing. For when the duke of Saxon was overthrown, they began to scatter, and not only these, but all so the Landgrave: how and by which way he might make his peace, so that they let fall all the trust that they had in their neighbours and other strangers, of whom they had received money & gifts, for the which they have had as much thank and gains that have tarried at home, as they which have been abroad and have not followed the Emperor. Here it may be seen of what weight the parson of duke John of Saxony with his power, hath been in germany. For after his defaction and taking, he hath had little power which hath thought himself to be a Governor overall. For after this victory, the Landgrave is come to make intercession unto Duke Morres for to have his pardon, and at the first, he offered to fulfil many conditions, but at the last he handled the matter otherways.  
¶ The Solicitors in this, be duke Morres and the elector of Brandemburge, unto whom the Emperor had a great respect, and at their contemplation, he was content to hear what they would propone for the Landgrave, but nevertheless he would have the thing done which he thought convenient. And so he answered them what was his pleasure should be done. The Landgrave replied, adding yet more thereunto, but he left our ever one thing which must needs be done. The Emperor answered resolutely that he would not treat with the landgrave, but it should be at his pleasure. This answer was given to the landgrave being eight leagues from our camp, from whence he then departed in great desperation, so that there was no hope for remedy, but only that which he feared most. And he said, for nothing in the world he would submit himself to the emperors mercy, & to be at his will. And with this determination, he wrote to duke Morres certain chapters with his own hand, how he would agree & enter, which were the very same that the Emperor demanded. This conclusion the Emperor would have concluded in Hale, in Saxon, standing in the way toward the country of the Landgrave, the which way the Emperor intended to lead his camp. The same day that his majesty came to Hale, the there came the Marquis Albert of Brandemburge, to whom as it is said: he had given liberty with his banners▪ standards, and artillery which he had lost, because he should lack nothing that belonged to liberty. He rested a great time there: for one of the things that pleased him most in his war, was that he had recovered this prince which came unto the Emperor and said: Lord I thank God and you. He said no more, & I think this to be be sufficient.  
¶ Two days before the Emperor parted from Viertemberge. The king of Romans had taken the way toward prague, with, iij. M. horsemen & vj. M. footmen, with those which were sent from the Marquis of Ma●enan. The Emperor removed from Viertemburge to go against the Landgrave, as against the root of all mischief in Germany, which was necessari to be plucked up: for letting this great desperation, so that there was no hope for remedy, but only that which he feared most. And he said, for nothing in the world he would submit himself to the emperors mercy, & to be at his will. And with this determination, he wrote to duke Morres certain chapters with his own hand, how he would agree & enter, which were the very same that the Emperor demanded. This conclusion the Emperor would have concluded in Hale, in Saxon, standing in the way toward the country of the Landgrave, the which way the Emperor intended to lead his camp. The same day that his majesty came to Hale, thither came the Marquis Albert of Brandemburge, to whom as it is said: he had given iyberrye with his banners. standards, and artillery which he had lost, because he should lack nothing that belonged to liberty. No rested a great time there: for one of the things that pleased him most in his war, was that he had recovered this prince which came unto the Emperor and said: Lord I thank God and you. He said no more, & I think this to be be sufficient.  
¶ Two days before the Emperor parted from Viertemberge. The king of Romans had taken the way toward prague, with, iii. M. horsemen & vj. M. footmen, with those which were sent from the Marquis of Ma●enan. The Emperor removed from Viertemburge to go against the Landgrave, as against the root of all mischief in Germany, which was necessari to be plucked up: for letting this grow, and to go parsonallye into Boeme, although that kingdom might be subdued: yet nevertheless the landgrave might stand in case to begin the wars again, but the Landgrave subdued: Boeme should be more light to be taken in hand: For why that kingdom and all theirs of the rebels in germany, looked for the sustentation of the Landgrave as in a head in whom they did depend next unto Duke John, and therefore the Emperor would that the king should part in haste, because the heat of his great victory might increase his strength, so that this kingdom which feared so much the Emperor might be brought more ●ightli to obedience, by force or other ways.  
¶ The day before the parting of the king, the Hungarians came to kiss the hands of the Emperor with supplication, that it might please him to have in remembrance the succour of Hungary, they made an Oration according to the time of their fortune. The Emperor put them in comfort, and writ unto the estates of their kingdom, that they were worthy to have his parson, & commanded to be given to every captain a chain of gold, to the value of. 3 c crowns, & a pay to be made to their men, the vohych they did take with thanks, & considered it to be a gift of favour. His majesty gave to duke Morres the robes of the election, with the towns belonging to the same, & because amongst great things he would not forgeat the little, he commanded to be given to the soldiers the which did swim to get the barges, garments of crymyson after their fashion, and to everich one xxx crowns, with the advantage of their banners.  
¶ The Emperor being come unto Hale in Saxonye, which is a great town standing in the diocese of Madeburge, although duke John had taken it for his own. His majesty lodged in the house of the bishop, and there determined to put in effect, that the which by the intercession of the electors, it had pleased the Emperor to consent. The conditions general which to my remembrance be these.  
¶ First that the Landgrave submit himself into the hands of the Emperor with all his possessions, & to swear fidelity to his majesty, to give the four principal towns that he hath, and for to be cast down at his commandment.  
¶ He doth give to the Emperor .v. C. and ●. M. Florauns' of gold with all his artillery, which be. ij C. pieces catted, & to deliver Duke Henrique of Brunzwique, which he had kept prisoner sense the year M. D xlv and to restore to the said duke, all things that he hath usurped, and to be in the determination of the chamber imperial.  
This is the point which is to him so much voorthe, that not for to come there●●●, he hath sustained his opinious so long, until that he hath sworn fide live to the Emperor: & the nobles also be sworn, that when the Landgrave goeth out of the way, they shall take him & bring him to the Emperor, who now pardoneth him his life, and taketh away the Vande imperial, which was proclaimed against him, & like wise remitteth him from perpetual prison. Before the coming of the landgrave to Hale, there was a great question and debate between the Hispaniardes & the Dutchmen: it was so far forth, that the Emperor put himself amongst them. It was a necessary remedy, for none but only he might suffice, how be it that it was not without peril which might have chanced, being between ij. parties so furious, which now be gan to be blind.  
¶ At this time the Emperor did give licence to the Ambassadors of Boeme, saying unto them in sum, that he would make intercession to the king, and that if the realm was grieved in any thing, it should be disgravated. But this was to be understanded coming first into the obedience of their king in doing their duty, and if not, his maiesti could do no less, but to take the affairs of his brother as his own proper. This was in s●me his answer, how be it in his letters they were answered more at large.  
¶ Now the day is come that the Landgrave cometh to Hale with one hundredth horses: he did light at the lodging of Duke Morres his son in law, now elector. The next day at the hour appointed, he came to the palace accompanied with these two electors. The Emperor was in the haul with the ceremonies accustomed in these things. There were many lords and knights of Almme which came to see that which they thought never to have seen in the Landgrave: but when he came before the Emperor, he did take of his bonnet, and kneeled down upon his knees, & his chancellor likewise: the which by the name of his lord said these words. ¶ Right high, most mighty & victorious prince, Emperor and gracious Lord, Philip the landgrave of Hessene hath grievously offended your Majesty being in these wars, and giving a cause of just indignation for the inducing of other parsons to fall in the same fault, wherefore your majesty may use all rigour in the correction of his deserving. He confesseth meekly that he is sorrowful with all his heart, & following the offers that he hath offered for to come before your majesty, he yieldeth himself unto your majesty in all points freely at your will. Humbly beseeching for the love. & merci of God, that your majesty will be content to use of your goodness & clemenci to pardon and forgeat these said offences, and to take away the banishment imperial, which your majesty hath so justly declared against him parmitting the he may possess his lands, & govern his vassals, which make supplication that it may please you to pardon and to receive them in to your grace, knowledging evermore to make recognizance unto your majesty, and to take you only rightfully ordained of God to be our sovereign Lord and Emperor, to obey & to do service to your majesty, & to the whole Empire, all that a prince & vassalle is bound to do, and so ever to continue, and never to do, or treat any thing to the contrary, for to be all his life a meek and obedient servant in knowing of the great benefit of this pardon obtained at your majesty, for the which he desireth and shall desire all his life to serve with thanks, as he is bound in such sort, that your majesty may know in effect, that the Landgrave & his shall keep and observe as they be bound by the articles, by the which your majesties pleasure hath been for to grant. These were the words of the Landgrave in effect.  
¶ The Emperor commanded one of his Council Almane who said these words. His Majesty (pitiful Lord) doth understand what the Landgrave hath said: that although he hath confessed and hath grievously offended, so that he hath deserved all punishment, though it were the greatest that might be given, which is to all the world well known. Notwithstanding, his majesty having a respect that he hath submitted himself at his feet, and by his clemency accustomed, & likewise at the intercession of the princes which have entreated, he is content to take away the banishment justly declared against him, and not to punish him with pain capital as he hath deserved for the rebellion committed against his Majesty, nor with perpetual priesonne, neither yet with the confiscation of his goods: but henceforth to be content with the articles in the Chapters, which his Majesty hath granted. He receiveth him into his grace and mercy with the subjects and servants of his house, so that he accomplish all that is contained in his chapters, so that he doth not go directly nor indirectly in any thing against them. And that his majesty doth believe and trust that the Landgrave and his subjects will deserve the great mercy and pity that he hath used toward them. These be the words of the answer to the Landgrave.  
¶ All this time the Landgrave kneeled upon his knees: but when he did stand up, his majesty touched not his hand, nor yet made unto him any sight of courtesy. It was a thing notable to see him kneeling a prisoner, & the duke Henrique of Brunzwique which had been his prisoner, at liberty, standing by one foot. Here might be seen the changeable success of man. This finished, the duke of Aluoy came unto him, and said: you must departed, desiring the two electors to supper with him. So the Landgrave was led out of the palace unto the castle where the duke did lie, & after supper he appointed him a lodging in the castle, & commanded Don John de Gneue●a, captain of the terce of Lombary to be his keeper.  
¶ At the first the landgrave did take his imprisonment unpacientlye: for of a truth, he thought ●his prisomment not being perpetual but temporal, that it should have been so light, and dissembled that he might have gone a hunting in the forest of Hesson: but it seemeth that God hath permitted that where he thought for to exceed all other in Almaigne in business and quarrels, that in the self same, he is come for to write against himself, with his own hand, entreating of no other thing, but to be a prisoner perpetual or temporal, at the discretion of him, into whose hands he hath submitted himself, and sith is come to knowledge that his mouth hath spoken against him. He began to quiet himself, and to take his fortune with more patience: so he that praised himself so much in business it is come to pass, that he is lost in trouble and business. The Duke of Saxon which hath praised himself to be a man of war, and of strength, it is come to pass that he hath lost himself in the war.  
¶ These twho heads of the Lutherans which have so much disquieted all christendom, now god hath given them into the hands of the Emperor, with so honourable means, to him and his fame so long as the world shall endure. And sith for to speak of these two princes, I think it shall not be far from the purpose, to say what every man may judge in them. The Duke of Saxon is a man of a great courage, eloquent, and discrete. And in his manors he hath a grace in all thing that he saith or doth. He is liberal, and for these good qualities, he is much beloved in Germanye and well friended. He is more quiet than the landgrave, by whose counsel, as they say, they began the war this year past. The Landgrave differeth much in conditions from this: for why he is unquiet in extreme, a great friend and main tayner of quarrels and strife. He is not of such effabilitie, nor so light of speech in his practice and conversation, but rather a light wit, and as to his civility he is not of that opinion amongst folks, nor like to the Duke of Saxon: but because he hath gone more diligently about this business paste, and being captain general of the league, he hath given more occasion to speak of him then of the other, although the duke hath been more of authority.  
¶ In the city of hale came unto his majesty a great greeting and congratulation of this victory, from the Pope. And in his brief that he wrote unto him, he set him forth with the renown of Marimo, with mighty names as well deserved as given. These things done, his majesty parted from hale when he had provided for the rasing of got, the artillery was brought to Francfort, and moreover from all the forts of the landgrave, except one that his majesty left him. The artillery and munitions were brought from all parts to Franckeforte, for thither was brought all the artillery and munitions, which was gotten in these wars, except the hundredth pieces of Uiertemberge of the which were sent fifty to milan, and fifty to Naples. The two hundred that were taken from the landgrave, and one C. from got. And the hundredth that were taken of the cities at the breaking up of the camp of the league, they were brought thither for to carry into Flaunders. Of these iiii. C. the Emperor sent into spain one. C. with one other hundredth, and xl. which he did keep for to be sent thither. In Flaunders remain an C. and lx. for why it is meet that in all parts of his estates where the fame of this victory is knownen, that the the signs and tokens thereof be seen.  
¶ All these things done, the Emperrour removed to Newremberge following the cost of Boeme. because yet he would give more hea● to the affairs of that kingdom, from whence his majesty had news▪ that it was subdued: so much is worth the reputation of a Prince in any enterprise, how difficile and hard so ever they be. Now the Emperor did take the way through Turing a country fruitful and full of straight passages, the which they of the country had so much fortified, that it seemed that they put a trust much differing from that the followed: for they had such a confidence in the strength of their Lord, that they looked not for the Emperor ●● be there victorious, for 〈…〉 were 〈◊〉 that i● had 〈…〉, 〈◊〉 been impossible 〈…〉 war of the landgrave against the Duke of Brunzwique, and of them of bream, with the young man Duke Henrique of Brunzwique. and with Groungue, & Vierspergue and other particularities, for I will not enlarge my Comentarie, nor take away from them which have in charge to write these and other: this that I put here, may be a help to their remembrance, and also because I will not lose for my part these worthy deeds, above all other as these be of the Emperor.  
❧ In this way of Turing came to submit himself unto the Emperor, the eldest son of the Duke of Saxon, which had been in got, and ratified all that his father had granted, and when he came to Bamberge, he received there a legate from the Pope. And from thence to Nuremberge where he abode certain days, looking for to take resolution of the city, where he was disposed to keep the diet, for in ulme it was thought not to be commodious, as it behoved for all the princes and cities of germany to come together, especially for health.  
¶ At this time the Citizens of the mighty cities of Lubique, came before the Emperor, declaring that they had never offended: and truth it is, for they never did thing against his majesty. bream taking the king of Denmark for their intercessor, laboured for their pardon. The duke of Pomerana and Lunemburge, laboured with excuses, prayers, and justifications Their affairs, Brunzwique, Hilson, and Breme, came to August to be at the emperors mercy, for why, they did see their correction at hand, for it should not have been need, to have his person, nor yet any of his army to chastise them, but to have sent to the lords their neighbours to make them war, the which they desired as a thing much for their profit. Hamburge came to surrender to the Emperor being in Nuremberge. And so the head Cities Maritane, standing upon the Sea, came to surrender, m●●yng great payments, submitting themself to the obedience imperial, which they have not known until now and other things to be done as it should please the Emperor to command.  
¶ Now the Emperor hath brought to pass all these things in germany, which have been so high in the top of pride, and with so great power, that it seemed to the heads of them, that their pride was no presumption, but all reason, and without any doubt their power was so great, that it seemed to all men, that there was not strength in the rest of christendom for to resist. But he that may do all things, hath suffered the Emperor to have the victory, for the which his name shall remain more clear than any of the other Emperors of Rome, considering the great deeds and the causes wherefore, so that all princes be bound, which stand in the determination of the church, as the county palatine, the Duke Morres, the Duke of Viertemberge, the marquis of Brandemburge Elector, and all they of their names. And they of Almaigne, which seemed to be most impossible, as the self landgrave, with other princes, and jointly all the cities of the Empire, from August, where his majesty kept the diet. He sent with the Cardinal of Trent large relation to his holiness.  
¶ The greatness of these wars, deserve a relation more at large, than this of mine, but I with this brief remembrance, may help them which writ more particularly: but surely this I say, that when Ceasar had conquered France in x. years, he filled the world with his Commentaries. And Rome made supplications to the gods, when they had passed the Ryne, and had been x. days in Almaigne, he thought that it sufficed to have the authority & the dignity of the people which governed the world. The Emperor in one year, hath subdued this brave province, witness the romans of our time. Charles the great in. thirty years subdued Saxony. The Emperor in less than four months was lord of all the whole province. The greatness of this war is worthy a greater style than mine is: for I cannot write but the naked truth, without any affection, but yet the remembrance may be perpetual according to the deserving of the greatness of the enterprise, the which, and of the year passed, hath been governed by the Emperor so straight, that if it had been guided otherways, it had not come unto the end that we have seen it: for at all times when it hath been needful to be governed by art, the order hath been observed to that effect necessary. And also when it hath been convenient to work by force, the determination hath been so executed with such courage & strength, as hath been needful. Wherefore his fame is worthy to be so much superior to the other captains in time past, so much as in the virtue & goodness, he is to them all.   

¶ A letter sent from the king of romans unto the Emperor his Majesty, upon the success of Boeme.  
THis that we have here new, sith the third day of July is that the tewesday last, they of the city of prague, being as it may be thought, in pride and malicious intenion, and we having deferred the term of the Sitation, at their supplication until the Friday, they begun about the midst of the day to shoot of their hackebuttes at our men, being on this part of the river, so that they were forced to do the same. We took an order for to defend their breaking out upon us: for as yet the marquis of Marenano was not come with his men. But we had knowledge at that time that he was within four leagues. We sent a gentleman in post to haste his coming, they of the city persevering in their purpose, and not content with the shot of their hackbutters, they shot of their artillery, with the which they killed five or six parsons, and began to fortify themselves to make their rampires, and set forth their ordinance upon the port of the bridge. And in the morning following they did the same, and we had knowledge when it was late, that the borderers on the other part of the river were coming for to enter into the city that night. We sent one number of horsemen armed and Hungarians, and Charles ●aradin with them to pass the river by ford, and first to admonish them to keep their houses in peace, and if they would not so do, for to kill & make slaughter. When it was day, they of the city seeing our horsemen on the other part, set forth to the number of one thousand, with handguns and other weapons against our men, but they were broken, put to flight, and slain in the chase to the●r gates two. C. and L. and taken one C. and twenty of the city, whence they shot many muscattes and artillery but none of ours were killed. With this hand that we had of them, and with the coming of the marquis of Marenano with his footmen, about the midst of the day, their hearts failed & began to flatter, promising that they would turn and take away their artillery from the places where they had laid it, & to send forth victuals of their city for our folks, which before they had prohibited, keeping their gates so that there might be no passage.  
¶ The supplication for the prolongation of the term the which we had granted them, was with craft, subtlety, and malice, so that they might provide themselves and prevail by strength, as it hath appeared, for incontinent they wrote twelve letters into divers parts for aid, and of those they had sent only three, whereof one copy was brought unto us: but of a truth they have repent them, and forsaken the letters that they have sent, and keep the rest.  
❧ The friday paste which was the day of the accomplishment of the term, that they had given them to make answer to our Sitation, they came to the castle of the old and new city, about five hundred parsons: and being set in the great Halle, their Bishops, Barons, & Gentlemen, which we caused to come thither, we commanded them for to speak & give answer to the Sitation in the which was declared the articles of the deeds, which were done against us. Then they for themselves, & in the name of their Citizens answered that they did know to have erred, and grievously offended, and kneeling they made supplication to be received & to have their pardon. Unto the which we commanded them to be answered, that they did know right well what they had done to our displeasure before, and now of late sith our coming as it is manifest. Then we commanded it for to be read there, more at large than it had been sent in the Citation. And when the reading was accomplished all kneeling, and for the most part weeping, besought that it might please us to grant them their pardon, taking for orators & advocates, my son Hernando, the duke of August and of Texen being there present, to the which as it is here the custom, we did grant, commanding them to answer, if they had any thing to say, or to allege in their discharge, for we would bewel content to determine by the way of Justice, so that it might be seen whereby they did hold: & they answered, they have nothing to allege, but by supplication: hearing this, we commanded to be said, that although their errors and excesses were so great, that they have deserved great correction and punishment, having a respect to the petition of my son, the dukes, and other parsons which have made intercession for them, we would receive them and give them certain articles, which we would have to be accomplished: and in the mean time to remain & to be kept in a great stew, standing in the said haul, where we commanded them to be until we had been at counsel and dined. Then we sent them the articles which we would have accomplished, which be these.  
first that they shall cansell and break all the seals of the league that they had made at the first dyct and parliament that we did hold of the kingdom, with the which we were content: for why then we thought it should have been for the best.  
¶ The second, that they give in to our hands all the privileges that they have, and to denull & take away at our pleasure, & to reform as we shall think convenient, for of a truth there be some necessary to be had.  
¶ The third, that they shall give all the privileges of the offices and conferaries, of the which they have many, and cause of much disorder.  
¶ The fourth, that they give us all the rents, castles, vassals, and customs, so that hence forward, they may be ours.  
¶ The fifth, that they shall deliver us all the letters and writings of leagues, confederations, and intelligences, that they had made with John duke Fredrick of Saxony, and those of this kingdom, & all other of what degree, estate or condition so ever they be, subjects or not our subjects, among the which, we trust to find some thing for our purpose.  
¶ The sixth, that the custom of their service that they have granted for iii years, shallbe perpetual and for ever ours.  
¶ The seventh to deliver us all the artillery and munitions that they have, without any retaining in their custody, & that all their harness & weapon that they have and hold, (the sword except,) to be brought into the haule of the city, & to be done therewith according to our will and pleasure▪  
¶ This accomplished, we were content to pardon all the people, except certain parsons which have grievously offended, the which we will shall be reserved for to be punished. For why this cannot be left undone, with out offence of Justice, and prejudice of the common wealth.  
¶ These said articles by them seen, although they seemed hard, nevertheless they did consent, howbeit they thought it meet and needful to be proponed unto the people, and for this we commanded to be set at liberty, forty or fifty parsons, for the excecution Thereof. The which proponed, accepted, and consented of all the people, yesterday saturday they broughtin, and delivered all their privileges, except certain particulars, which be many, and can not be so speedily brought together. They brought also yesterday, a great part of their artillery, and this day they shall bring in the rest, and the harness and weapon into the haul of their city according unto our commandment, and so to accomplish these articles, as shortly as can be possible, in the which there is no doubt, si●he these two most hard and difficile of the privilege and artillery be now well near accomplished and fulfilled. Those which be prisoners, made unto us yesterday supplication to be delivered, but they be answered to have patience two or three days until all thing be finished. For all this we have delivered from thence, certain which we know not to be culpable, and the other remain still in prison. This is it that is done until now, of the which you shall make account unto his majesty, so that he may know in what estate we be here, and common also with my son.   

¶ Imprinted at London in Fleetstreet within Temple bar, at the sign of the hand & star, by Richard Tottel.  
❧ Cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum.