THE SICK-MAN'S RARE JEWEL, WHEREIN Is discovered a speedy way how every Man may recover lost Health, and prolong Life, how he may know what Disease he hath, and how he himself may apply proper Remedies to every Disease, with the Description, Definition, Signs and Syptoms of those Diseases.  
(VIZ.)  
The Scurvy, Leves Venerea, Gonorrhoea, Dropsies, Catarrhs, Colic, Gouts, Madness, Frenzies of all sorts, Fever, Jaundice, Consumptions, Ptisick, Swoundings, Histerick Passions, Pleurisies, Cachexia's, Worms, Vapours, Hypochondriack Melancholy, Stone, Strangury, with the whole Troop of Diseases most afflicting the Bodies, of Men, Women and Children; with a supply of suitable Medicines; as also a Catalogue of the choicest Arcanas specificated to every Disease Curing cito tuto & Jucunde, with many other things profitable to be known. A piece profitable for every Person and Family, and all that Travel by Sea or Land.  
O Sanitas tu hominibus maximum bonum.  
By B. A.  
LONDON, Printed by T. R. and N. T. and are to be Sold by the Booksellers, and by the Author, at the Sign of the Angel against the Church-door at the upper end of Thredneedle-street, near the Royal-Exchange. M DC LXXIV.   

THE PREFACE▪  
Friendly 〈◊〉 Health and long 〈◊〉 are Two things wh●●● conduce so ●u●h to ●he happiness of Man, and are 〈…〉 table to th● principals of Nature, as that there is nothing more desirable; that this may be attained, you are here instructed into the right way how you may enjoy these so desirable Jewels; the Subject is the Knowledge of Diseases, but the end is Health and long Life, Rich Jewels of great Price, whose commonness much abates the value of its Worth, and of Universal Concern; for who is there from the highest to the lowest that's not concerned in this Subject of procuring and preserving Health, how is this Microcosm, this little World, the Body of Man besieged with Enemy's? viz. Diseases, the most formidable you have here presented to your view, and discovered from their first approach; so that every person b● a view of this Book may know ●hat the Disease is that he or she is assaulted with; and for as much as Disease's to steal upon us many times by little dnd little, that many are past C●●e by ahat time they come to know what they ail, for Instance in the Scurvy and Hectic, and we have known not a few in the Venereal Disease surprised, some who (though they have been dabbling) have not considered the hazard till a Dart struck through the Liver, as a Bird hasteth to the Snare, and knoweth not that it is for their life; by which means they have not wronged themselves alone, but their Relations through their Ignorance and unweariness; whereas did they know what Disease they had, (it is to be hoped) they would look out for Cure. This Book will prove of use to some, who by the means of ignorant or unnatural Relations, are infected with this Disease, as it happens many time, to the first sort of these, viz. Women, and are for a long time distempered, and hardly discover it till approaching death, and others very difficultly Cured, of which sort we have Cured, which by the means of this little Book may timely know themselves infected, and with less hazard, disgrace and infamy to themselves and Families, and with lesser Charge obtain their Cure.  
And there is yet another sort, and these are Persons of Quality, such as take Nurses into their Houses to nurse their Children, and those also that put out their Childen to Nurse; how useful this Piece may be to such you may guests, when you consider how much surprising grief, trouble and ruin is often brought into Families by infected Nurses, contracted sometimes from their Pocky Husbands, sometimes from the sucking of Pocky Children: It is near Forty Years since we made an Observation upon the sad Event of a Poor Woman nursing a Sister's Child that was Pocky, by which she was Infected, and then her Husband, and lastly her Child, to the Number of Three or Four, of which all perished miserably, some at home and some in the Hospital; many such warnings we have had in latter Years. Now this Book will instruct all such how to examine Nurses by such necessary question, and to make such pertinent and skilful Observations, that they need rarely be deceived, by which your persons will be secured from danger, your little ones from miserable ruin, and your Families from a blot, and ●he wont Disputes, who must he the ●ause, prevented, which I hope you do not look upon as a small benefit.  
Next you have that Epidemical Disease the Scurvy delineated, so clearly, & yet briefly, that you may know its first approach, and apply yourselves to timely Cure and prevention, by observing all its Symptoms, you may know the least Vestigium of this Disease, according to the description of its various Concomitants, with the prescription of convenient and suitable Remedies: As also you have in this Book the most Excellent sure specificated Arcana's propounded, that will Cure cito tuto & Jucunde; so that first, none need delay their Cure with those Medicines, though suitable, yet not so speedy and certain as these Arcana's of ours. And secondly, those whose Diseases have arrived to the highest pitch, may not without the use of these, suppose themselves incurablè.  
And for as much as temperance in the use of those things, called (by Physicians) res non naturales, are very necessary to the preserving Health and prolonging Life; you have here propounded what Foods are convenient for persons of any Complexion, viz. Sanguine, Choleric, Melanchollick, and Phlegmatic, as also many things necessary to be known concerning Bread, Beer, Wine, Tobacco, etc. such things which have no small influence upon our Bodies to alter and dispose them to Health or Sickness; so that every person of what Degree soever may by this piece know how to govern himself; but in Cases extraordinasy you may apply yourselves to those more powerful Arcana's, which are ●ble 〈◊〉 ●●ll up the seminal Causes of Diseases by the Roots.  
And there are many Persons of Quality and Country Gentlemen that do much good to their poor Neighbours and Tenants, and are provided with convenient Medicines and good Receipts, that may far better know how and what to use (by the help of this Book) than before, the Disease being so plainly delineated and described.  
And then for as much as there be many Ladies and Persons of Quality, that though they are little tainted with the Scurvy, yet some small approach they may perceive by a kind of envy and spite of one of their best Ornaments, viz. their well set Teeth by staining, scaling and roting, for which our Remedy for that is infallible, and whosoever useth it will find it so▪  
There are yet another sort of Practisers and Country Physicians, who meet with stubborn and rebellious Diseases, who scorn the force of common Medicines, of which sort is the Scurvy and Leves Venerea confirmed. We suppose we can pleasure such not a little with such Weapons as shall encounter the strongest Adversaries of this kind, and that these things reported & commended be no Hyperboles: It will appear because these things are grounded upon Reason & Experience, the two greatest Foundations of Indication in the whole Art of Physic▪  
And then as to distracted people you may see and Examine the Cures we have done; for which purpose we have a very good Conveniency, in good Air, with Garden-room, and good attendance, and all other convenient accommodation for Persons of any Quality, and at reasonable Rates, and over whom we ourselves have a watchful and careful Inspection, and discharge the Cure with Conscience and satisfactory Diligence.  
And for such of any Diseases mentioned for the greater satisfaction and certainty of Cure, who are willing to have our own oversight and personal Care, for such we have convoniency of room, and other necessaries.  
You have also our Scorbutic Drops, famous for the Scurvy and all Fevers, wonderful useful for all Seamen, and Persons at Sea or Land, being the best Antiscorbutic, opening Obstructions of the Viscera, strengthens the Parts, kills Worms, takes away the cause of Fevers, quickens the Appetite, and does as much as any one Medicine can do, unalterable in any Climate, small Dose, without observing any difficult Diet, and Convenient and profitable for any Age or Sex, hurtful in no Diseases, being friendly to Nature, and next of Kin to our Vital and Animal Spirit.  
All this is propounded for the public good, and that it may so prove, read it over observingly, consider diligently, censure not till you do better; and however accept it as a fruit of his affection, who means well.   

THE INDEX.  

Chap. 1. MEdicine defined. Pag. 1.  
Chap. 2. Temprraments. 4.  
Chap. 3. Of Parts. 7.  
Chap. 4. Of Humours. 9  
Signs of a Sanguine Person. 12.  
Signs of ● Choleric Person. 13.  
Signs of a Phlegmatic Person. 14.  
Signs of a Melancholy Person. 15.  
Of Spirits. 19  
Of the Faculties. 21.  
Of Actions. 22.  
Chap. 5. Of things Natural. 22.  
Of Meats. 23.  
Of Sleep. 25.  
Exercise how to be performed. 27.  
Passion of the Mind. 29.  
Chap. 6. A Tract concerning the Scurvy. 33.  
Chap. 7. The manner of its Generation. 38,  
Chap. 8. A continuation of the Scurvy. 46.  
Chap. 9 The Cause in the Blood. 51.  
Chap. 10. The Extrinsic Cause. 55  
Chap. 11. The Signs abbreviated. 58.  
Chap. 12. the Symptoms by which Persons may discern that they have the Scurvy 59  
Chap. 10. The Cure of the Scurvy. 68  
Vegetables appropriate to the Scurvy. 71.  
Rules to be observed in Bread and Beer for Scorbuticks and all others. 72.  
Properties of the best Beer & Ale. 81  
The Nature, usefulness and profit of Wine. 97.  
Of the Stone in the Bladder and Reins. 104.  
The Diseases of the Spleen. 108.  
The Tenesmus. 110.  
Of the Dysury. 110.  
Of the Strangury. 112.  
Chap. 13. The Leves Venerea. 97.  
Chap. 15. the Diagnostic Signs. 103.  
Chap. 16. Signs of the increasing Pox. 106.  
Chap. 17. Signs of an Inveterate Leves Venerea 110.  
Chap. 18 Of a Gonorrhoea. 116.  
Chap. 19 Description of the Dropsy. 119.  
Chap. 20. The Hypochondriack Melancholy. 124.  
Chap. 21. The Histerick Passion. 129.  
Chap. 22. The Jaundice. 113.  
Chap. 23. The Colic. 135.  
Chap. 24. Diseases of the Liver. 138.  
Chap. 25. Cachexia. 142.  
Chap. 26. Inflammation of the Lungs. 144.  
Chap. 27. A Pleurisy. 145.  
Chap. 28. An Impyemate. 147.  
Chap. 29. De Phthisis. 148.  
Chap. 30. A Catarrh. 150.  
Chap. 31. A Dysentery. 153.  
Chap. 32. A Diarrhea. 156.  
Chap. 33. Caeliack and Lienterial Passion. 117.  
Chap. 34. The Asthma. 159.  
Chap. 35. Of the Gout. 161.  
Chap. 36. Of the Angina or the Quinsy. 162.  
Chap. 37. Descriptioni of a Frenzy. 165.  
Chap. 38. Melancholy Madness. 167.  
Chap. 39 Of a Mania. 168.  
Chap. 40. The Palpitation of the Heart. 170.  
Chap. 41. Of Worms. 171.  
Chap. 42. A continual Fever. 173.  
Chap. 43. An Intermitting Fever. 181.  
Chap. 44. A Hectic Fever. 186.  
Chap. 45. The Ricket. 189.  
Chap. 46. A Convulsion. 191.  
Chap. 47. Of a Rheumatism. 193.  
Medicines for every Disease. 194.  
The great Arcana's. 209.  
Instances of great Cures. 219.    

CHAP. I. Medicine Defined.  
MEdicine is defined with respect 
A Galen de constitutione artis.  to its End, in this manner: It is an Art which teaches the preservation of present health, and the restoring of that which is lost; or a Science by which we protect the present health, and expel Diseases.  
In Physic be these five parts:  
First, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Physiology.  
Secondly, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or Pathology.  
Thirdly, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or the Semeiotical part.  
Fourthly, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or the Dietetical part.  
Fifthly, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or the Therapeutical part.  
The first of these treats of those things which are called Natural; as Elements, Temperaments, Humours, Parts, Faculties, Actions and Spirits. An Element is defined to be, the least or most simple part of the thing which it composeth: Or thus, the four first or simple Bodies are called Elements, Fire, Air, Water, and Earth; or an Element is that most simple part which cannot be divided into any species divers from itself; and that which is not perceptible to our Eye, but is embarked in the shell, or clothed upon with those more 〈◊〉 Bodies, ●hich we call Elements. And therefore those pure, virgin, or unmixed Elements, are rather to be conceived in our Minds, than otherwise to be apprehended; because they present not themselves to any mortal view: And they are called Elements, because they are those first Principles that enter into the composition of all Natural and created Being's; and by reason o● their Effects, they are described or expressed by Hypocrates, by the names of Qualities, as Hot, Moist, Cold, and Dry.  
Of these Elements there are in number Four; Fire, Air, Water and Earth and every one of these have a doubl● Quality: The Fire is hot and dry, th● Air is hot and moist, the Water is col● and moist, and the Earth is cold an● dry. These Elements, you see have each of them two Qualities, viz. The Fire is hot and dry, the Air is hot and moist, etc. that so their first Qualities might be tempered by other qualities, viz. the Moistness of the Air might temper the Heat of the Fire. And these Elements are by Philosophers divided again into Male and Female; the Male are the Fire and Aire, and the Female are the Water and the Earth; the first of these, forms and concocts the seed; and by the Air, as it were the sheath o●●●e conceived seed, sends i● i●●o the Water and Earth, there, as in its proper Matrix to be form, according as the Archaeus or Spiritus Mundi shall dispose, and the Nature of the place or Womb shall be adapt for those seeds, in order to the production of such and such an Offspring. These Four Elements in the composition of mixed Bodies, retain the qualities, and are so mixed on with the other, that no simple part may be found.  
Of these Elements, two be Light, as Fire and Aire, because these delight to move upward; the other two are heavy, viz. the Earth and Water, because they incline downward: The two first, as Fire and Aire, are called Active, the two latter are accounted passive: Because the first, by reason of their innate and active heat, do act upon, and as it were incubat upon the other, as that Divine Philosopher in his Genes. gives us an Account, The Spirit of God moved upon the face and superficies of the Water, in which the Earth, the Womb of all things, lay obscure.  
From the Composition of these come all mixed Bodies, and from the variety of mixtion comes the variety of Temperament.   

CHAP. II. Of Temperaments.  
A Temperament, which of the Greeks is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is defined to be a due Proportion of the four first Qualities of the Elements.  
Avieenna defineth a Temperament to be a Quality brought forth and arising from a proportion of mixed Elements; it is a proportionable mixture of hot, cold, moist and dry: And th●● Agreement springs from the four fi●● Bodies of the World, and according to this proportion, Temperaments in Bodies receive their Denom●nations. There is a double Temperament, one absolute, and to temperated 〈…〉 the other ad Justitiam, in singulis generibus: the first is that wherein there is an even and equal proportion of mixed Elements, neither more of hot than cold, neither of moist than dry▪  
The Temperament ad Justitiam, is that which hath not an exact Evenness o● parity of Contraries, but that due mediocrity which it ought to have according ●o its own Nature, or is convenient to its kind or species: So that the Equality of Mixtion is not received according to an Arithmetical, but Geometrical proportion, and from hence arise the temperaments in Bodies, and their Denominations. Hence it is, that one man is said to be sanguine, because the Element of Air doth most abound in that man; and another is Melancholy, because he abounds in Temperament with the Earthy Faeces, which we call Melancholy, and so of the rest, Phlegmatic or Choleric. Hence also arise the temper of the parts which constitute man's Body: For Example, a Membrane is drier than a Vein, a Tendon than a Membrane, and a Bone than both.  
From hence arise that variety of temperaments, with respect to the several Ages of men; and therefore Pythagoras divided Man's Life into four Ages and compared the whole course thereo● to the four Seasons of the year; Childhood to the Spring, in which time al● things grow and sprout out, by reaso● of the abundance of plenty of Moisture; and Youth to the Summer, because of the Vigour and Strength tha● men enjoy at that Age; and Man's state or constant Age to Autumn, fo● that then, after all the dangers of fore● past Life, the Gift of Discretion an● Wit acquire a Ripeness; like as th● Fruits of the Earth enjoy at that Season.  
As also the temperament of the season of the Year, the Spring, according t● Hypocrates, is hot and moist: but it i● the Opinion of all men, that the Sprin● is temperate, the Summer hot and dry, the Autumn cold and moist, and the Winter cold and dry.  
And from hence also arise the temperature of the Blood. The Blood, as 
Temperature of the Blood.  Galen affirms, is most temperate, in that it is neither hot nor moist, but temperate, as it is in its first composure. None of the four first qualities exceeds 
The temperature of Phlegm.  other, by any manifest excess. Phlegm as that which is of a waterish nature, is cold and moist: Even as Choler being 
The temperature of Choler.  of a fiery temper is hot and dry; but Melancholy assimilated to each, is 
Temperature of Melancholy.  cold and dry.  
And so much may serve to be spoken to Temperaments.   

CHAP. III. Of Parts.  
THe next thing to be handled in the part of Physiologia, is a Part, what it is. A Part is defined to be (being largely taken) whatsoever maketh to the Constitution of a Humane Body. There are many Division of parts, but the chiefest of all is into containing and contained: The Parts containing, are the solid parts, which are sustained by themselves; and they are divided into Similar and Dissimilar: And the Similar are again divided into Spermatick and Sanguine. The Dissimilar parts are those which are not compounded from part of that same Nature, but from other differing species; or otherwise they are called Instrumental, because they are the Instrument of the Faculties and Functions. Organical parts are divided into Animal, Vital and Natural; and these are divided into Principal and Ministering. Those parts are called principal, which have the Gubernation of the rest; and they ministering, which are subservient and ministers to the rest.   

CHAP. IU.  
Of Humours.  
THere are fluid parts which are sustained by the help of the other parts, such as are the Humours and Spirits. The Humours are either Alimentary or Excrementitious; the Alimentary humour is that that is dedicated for the nourishing of the solid parts, which do draw their Original from a Commixtion of the four Elements: But the Excrementitious, are the superfluous Liquors, unuseful, and unfit to Nutrition; and these are distinguished into Primary and Secondary.  
The Primary are those which pass with the Chyle into the Liver; being put on by the power of the Native heat in every part of the Body, are distributed by the Veins to Nutrition.  
And of these primary humours there be four; Blood, Choler Melancholy and Phlegm; which be mixed ●ll together in the Veins. This fourfold mixture of humours is called the Mass of Blood, by reason that the blood doth abound in that Mass.  
The name of Blood is sometimes taken largely for the whole mass of Blood, but properly it signifies the more benign and purer part of it; generally the Blood is accepted for the whole bloody mass well tempered, which from an equal mixtion of the four contrary humours, and so there ariseth a harmony from a just and decent proportion of humours; but if it be considered by itself as pure and since 〈…〉 is hot and moist in temperature▪ 〈…〉 Nature it resembleth Air, and not as by Reason of this tempeature, but also in consistence, colour, savour and use it is discerned from other humours Blood is of such a mediocrous consistence, that while it is retained within the bounds of Nature, it appear not thicker nor thinner; it is of a red colour, a sweet taste; it mightily nourisheth the musculous parts, as often a● it exceedeth above the rest, it maketh men fleshy, flourishing, fair, pleasant and merry.  
But Alimentary bile is the thinne● part of the bloody mass, partaking o● a fiery Nature, by temperament hot and dry, of a yellow, or a pale yellow; to taste bitter, men in whom it abounds, are choleric, lean, hardy, quick, soon angry.  
But the Excrementitious is drawn forth to the bladder of Gall, and that it might stir up the Ejection of the Excrements, and that it might gently cleanse off the Phlegm and hindrances adhering to the Intestines.  
Alimentary Melancholy is the thic●●● 
Melancholy. what.  part of the mass of Blood, by nature Earthy, in Temperament cold and dry, in colour black, in taste sour; men in whom it abounds, are sad, thoughtful, morose, severe, constant, the more solid parts of the body dry.  
The Excrementitious is carried to the Spleen, where the Alimentary part which yet remains, being the more benign Juice, the rest is separated, when it is pressed into the stomach by the Vas breve, that it may stir up Appetite to meat, and doth endeavour to retain the Meats there, till they be concocted.  
The Alimentary Phlegm is the more thin part of the bloody mass, of a waterish Nature, in temperament cold and moist, in colour white, in savour sweet, men in whom this abounds, be dull, sleepy, gross, fat, they are clear and soft, administering Aliment to the Brain, and other cold moist parts.  
Excrementitious Phlegm is a serous, or a wheyish superfluity, which is separated from the blood, and is transmitted to the Bladder by the Ureters, where it is called Urin.  

Here follow the Signs of a Sanguine person.  
HE hath a flourishing and a Rose-colour in his face, as it were with an equal mixture of white and red, by reason of the skin lying outmost; of a red, because of the Blood spread underneath the skin: In manners he is courteous, gentle, easy to be spoken to, of a lovely Countenance, and a smooth forehead, seldom angry, but taking all things in good part; for as is the nature of humours, so is the disposition of manners, their Dreams are pleasant, they are troubled with Diseases arising from the Blood, as frequent Flegms, many sanguine Pustils breaking through the skin, much bleeding, they delight in the use of cold and dry things, and are affected with hot and moist.   

Signs of a Choleric Person.  
Choleric men are of a pale, or a yellowish colour, of a lean, slender, rough habit of Body, with fair Veins, and large Arteries, a strong and quick Pulse; their Skin being touched, feels hot, dry, hard, rough and harsh, with a pricking and acrid Exhalation, which breathes forth of their whole body; they cast forth much Choler by Stool, Vomit and Urine; they are of a quick and nimble wit, stout, hardy and sharp, Vindicating of Injuries received, liberal even to prodigality, and somewhat desirous of Glory, their sleep is light, and that from which they are quickly awaked, their Dreams are fiery, burning, quick and full of fury; they are delighted with meats and drink, that are somewhat more cold and moist, and are subject to burning and Tertian Fevers, the Frenzy, Jaundice, Inflammation, and other Choleric Pustils.   

The Signs of a Phlegmatic Person.  
THose in whom Phlegm hath the dominion, are of a whitish coloured face, and sometimes livid, and swollen, with their body-fat, soft and cold to touch, they are molested with phlegmatic diseases, as Oedomatous tumors, the Dropsy, Quotidian Fevers, falling away of the Hairs, and Catarrhs falling down upon the Lungs, and the aspera Arteria or the Weasen; they are of a slow capacity, dull, slothful, drowsy, they do dream of Rains, Snowes, Floods, Swimming, and such like, that they often imagine themselves overwhelmed with waters, they vomit up much watery and Phlegmatic matter, or otherwise spit and evacuate it, and have a soft and moist tongue.  
And they are troubled with a doglike hunger, if it at any time should happen that their insipid Phlegm become acid: and they are slow of digestion, by reason of which they have great store of cold and phlegmatic humours, which if they be carried down into the wind of the Colic Gut, they cause murmuring and noise, and sometimes the Colic; for much wind is easily caused of such like phlegmatic Excrements, wrought upon by a small and weak heat, such as Phlegmatic persons have, which by its na-natural lightness is diversely carried through the turn of the Guts, and distends and swells them up, and while it strives for passage out, it causeth murmur and noises in the Belly, like wind breaking through narrow passages.   

The Signs of a melancholic Person.  
THe face of a melancholic person is swart, their countenance cloudy, and often cruel, their aspect is sad and froward, frequent Schirrhous or hard Swell, Tumours of the Spleen, Haemorrhoids, Varices, or swollen Veins, Quartane Fevers, whether continual or intermitting, Quintane, Sextane, and Septimane Fevers; and to conclude, all such wand'ring Fevers or Agues set upon them, but when it haphappens, the melancholy humour is sharpened, either by adustion or commixture of Choler, than Tetters, the black Morphew, the Cancer simple and ulcerated, the leprous and filthy Scab, sending forth certain scaly and bran-like Excrescences, being vulgarly called Saint Menis his Evil, and the Leprosy itself invades them; they have small Veins and Arteries, because Coldness hath Dominion over them, whose property is to straighten, as the quality of heat is to dilate; but if at any time their Veins seem big, their largeness is not by reason of the laudable blood contained in them, but from much windiness, by occasion whereof it is somewhat difficult to let them blood; not only because that when the Vein is opened, the blood flows slowly forth, by reason of the cold slowness of the humours, but much the rather, for that the Vein doth not receive the impression of the Lancet, sliding this way and that way by reason of the windiness contained in it, and because that the harsh dryness of the upper skin resists the edge of the Instrument. Their bodies seem cold and hard to the touch, and they are troubled with terrible Dreams; for they are observed to seem to see in the Night, Devils, Serpents, dark Dens and Caves, Sepulchers dead Corpses, and many other such things full of horror, by reason of a black vapour diversely moving and disturbing the brain, which also we see happens to those who fear the water, by reason of the biting of a mad Dog. You shall find them froward, fraudulent, parsimonious, and covetous even to baseness, slow speakers, fearful, sad complainers, careful, ingenious, lovers of solitariness, Man-haters, obstinate maintainers of Opinions once conceived, slow to anger: but angered not to be pacified: But when Melancholy hath exceeded Natures and its own bounds, then by reason of putrefaction and inflammation, all things appear full of extreme fury and madness, so that often they cast themselves headlong down from some high place, or are otherwise guilty of their own death, with fear of which notwithstanding they are terrified. But we must note, Changes of the Native temperament, do often happen in the course of a man's Life, so that he which awhile ago was sanguine, may now be choleric, melancholic, or phlegmatic; not truly by the changing o● the blood into such humours, but b● the mutation of Diet, and the coarse or Vocation of Life, for none of a sanguine Complexion, but will prove choleric if he eat hot and dry meats; a● all like things are cherished and preserved by the use of their like, and contraries are destroyed by their contraries; and weary his body by viole● Exercises, and continual labour: An● if there be a suppression of choleric Excrements which before did freel● flow, either by Nature, Will or Art; b● whosoever seeds upon meats generating gross blood, as Beef, Venison Hare, old Cheese, and all salt meats, without all doubt sliding from his Nature; will fall into a melancholy te●per, especially, if to that manner Diet, he shall have avocation full cares, turmoils, miseries, strong a● much study, careful thoughts and fea● and also if he sit much, wanting Ex●cise; for so the inward heat as it w● defrauded of its nourishments, fai● and grows dull, whereupon gross a● drossy humours abound, is gone out of the belly, shall stuff his paunch with more: Who presently after meat runs into violent Exercises, who inhabit cold and moist places, who lead their life at ease, in all idleness; and lastly, who suffer a suppression of the phlegmatic humour, accustomely evacuated by Vomit, Cough, or blowing the Nose, or any other way, either by Nature or Art. Certainly, it is very convenient to know these things, that we may discern if we at the present be phlegmatic, melancholic, or of any other temper, whether he be such by Nature or Necessity.   

Of Spirits.  
IN order of Nature, that that offers itself to the next hand, is concerning Spirits. A Spirit consider as a part of a man, and that which enters our Constitution: is defined to be an airy, thin and clear substance, the seat of the native heat, the Vehiculum of the Faculties, and Instrument of the out-going Functions; and of these there be two sorts: one is the In-nate, and the other is the In-flowing Spirit. The In-nate Spirit is that which is put into every Similar part by the Principles of Generation, and that which of the Greeks is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and is the Foundation of the Humidum radical: The In-flowing Spirit, is that which breaks forth from elsewhere, and nourisheth and preserveth the Faculty, and innate heat, carrying it every where to the acting the Functions. Of this In-flowing Spirit there be three kinds, Animal, Vital, and Natural:  
The first is the Animal Spirit, an● that which is begotten from the Vital Spirit and the inspired Air, into the Ventricle of the Brain, and distributed by the motive and sensitive Nerves, giving sense and motion to th● whole Body.  
The Vital Spirit is that which is begotten in the left bosom of the heart, and the prepared Air in the Lungs whence it is distributed to all the part● by the Arteries.  
The Natural Spirit which goes forth from the Liver by the Veins with the Blood, is poured forth into the Extreme parts of the Body, the Author of Generation, Nutrition and Increase.   

Of the Faculties.  
A Faculty, it is the Innate power of the Soul, used to the performance of Actions, and it is defined by Galen to be the Effecting Cause of Actions, and therefore is called a Faculty, Quod quae facit, facere possit.  
So that is understood by the Name of a Faculty, which hath a power to do; and these Faculties are stated to be Animal, Vital, and Natural: And that is the Animal Faculty, which is only proper to the Animal, and for that cause it is so called: That is Vital, which the Vital begets in the heart, and is sent forth from thence by the Arteries, for the preservation of Life, whence also it receives the Name of Vital.  
The Natural Faculty is that which is in the Liver, and sends Aliment to all the parts of the Body by the Veins.   

Of Actions.  
AN Action proceeds from a Faculty, called in Latin a Function, and therefore also they call it an Operation: And as an Action, so also a Function is threefold, Animal, Vital and Natural.  
But Action is defined by Galen to be of two sorts, Animal and Natural.  
From the Animal they are called Anamae Actiones, but from the Animale, Actiones Animi.    

CHAP. V Of Things not Natural.  
THese Res non Naturales, are s● called, because they are not o● the number of those which enter into the Constitution or Composu● of man's Body, as the Elements, Humours and the rest, which have been briefly mentioned already. There are six thing which are Res non Naturales: The ambient Air, Meat and Drink, Sleep and Watching, Motion and Quiet, Excretion and Retention, and Perturbation of the Mind; in the right use of which doth consist the preservation of Health. And to this purpose, that Air is to be 
Aire.  chosen, which is neither thick, nor rimy, nor cloudy, neither near to standing Pools or Rivers, but thin and serene, neither too hot, nor too cold, neither too dry, nor too moist, neither infected with the ill Gales of Lakes, common Sewers, Sinks, nor the filthy breath that is exhaled from dead Carcases, nor corrupted by putrifying Dungs, or any thing that sends forth filthy fumes, neither that which is sent forth by winds out of the Mountains, into the Vales and Caves, and shut up in other hollow places, but pure and thin.  

Of Meats.  
THat Food is to be chosen which is 
Of Meat.  of good Juice, easy of Concoction, that hath not much Excrementitious matter; but Food of an ill Juice, is to be rejected, the particulars of which, you will hear more hereafter, upon treating of the Scurvy. Those are called Foods of good Juice, which are neither too hot nor too cold, dry, or moist, but temperate, neither too glutinous, nor too thin, but of a Medium, because they beget good Blood, that is neither too thick, nor too thin.  
The Quantity of Food must be measured 
Quantity.  by the Ability of the Concoctive Faculty, and of whole Nature's Ability to distribute that which is requisite to the nourishment to every part; and therefore the quantity must not abound the power of the native heat; and to this end it must be well chewed and ground by the teeth, that being swallowed into the stomach, the first shop of Nature, it may be the easier concocted.  
The Time of taking Food must not 
Time.  be before the fore-received Food be cast out, by the power of the Expulsive Faculty, into the Guts, out of the Stomach.  
The Drink must be Beer well boy'ld, 
The drink.  made of Barley-malt, or mixed with Oats; it must not be red nor white, neither sharp or sour, but well boiled, (if Beer) and clear, and pure, of good odour.  
The Quantity of Drink must answer 
Quantity of drink.  the Quality of the received Food; for if the Food be more solid and dry, the Drink may be more liberal; where the meats are more moist, the Drink must be the less.  
Much swashing of the stomach with 
The Time.  drink at Meals, is disapproved as unwholesome; and yet it must not be too sparing, because that will not quench the thirst, which is to be regarded.  
As to the Time of Drink; as Hunger doth admonish us when to eat, so Thirst doth in like manner advise us when to drink; and that for the most part, either in health or sickness, is the best Rule; so that where a person is apt to be thirsty, he may drink more to supply the want of moisture, and may serve to the wetting or moistening of the Stomach.   

Of Sleep.  
SLeep aught to be pleasant, and in the mean between deep and wakefulness; for as that sleep is not best which is troubled, so neither is that which is too light, and from which a person is very quickly awakened, but the immoderate deep sleep is worst, Persons are not to sleep till the perfect concoction of the Aliment is over, which is about two or three hours after the Food received, profitable sleep is answerable to the constitution of the body▪  
For longer sleep is more fit and needful 
How long Sleep.  for Choleric Bodies, and Melancholic, than for Sanguine and Phlegmatic. When you lie down in you● Bed, first lie upon your right side, tha● the meat taken last may descend to th● bottom of the Stomach, and after tha● upon the left, that the concoction ma● be helped by the Liver lying upon th● Stomach; which being perfected, li● again to the Right side, that the Chyl● may be more easily distributed to th● Liver; but lying upon the face is judged by all, to be the cause of mos● grievous diseases.  
The most convenient time for Slee● 
The Time of sleep.  is the Night, two or three hours after Supper, because of its peaceable quie● and humidity.   

Of Exercise.  
EXercise aught to be moderate, neither too gentle, nor too vehement, neither too quick, nor too slow.  
Lawful Exercise is, until the body wax warm, and appear somewhat more full, and there arise the florid or rosy colour of the face; and sweat, and hot vapours, are perceived to break forth, and the respiration is great and easy, and as long as the Exercise is continued, it be quick and equal. And the Body beginning to grow weary, longer Exercise will cause stifness and weariness to assail the Body, and the Body flowing with sweat, will suffer loss of the Spirits and humid substance. Exercises are to be according to the habit and Constitution of the Body; those bodies that are full and gross, and Bodies repleated with humours, must use such Exercise, as may correct the distemper of the body, which may be more vehement and laborious, yet so that they be not begun till the first and second concoction be over, which may be known by the yellowness of their Urine; and always this is to be observed, the Exercise is to be suitable to the Food received: so that if the Feeding be larger, the Exercise is to be the more; if the Food be more sparing, the Exercise is to be the less: The Exercise is to be first gentle, then more vehement, and afterward more gentle again. There is another sort of Exercise which is performed by Friction and is useful for those who by reason of Infirmities are not able to take the benefit of Motion, and is to be performed according to Reason; so that the Sweat breaks forth, the filth of the Body, and such Excrements as lie under the skin, may be alured and drawn out.  
But as there are many and great advantages accrue to the Bodies of men by well managed Exercise, so great harm proceeds to the Body from idleness and sloch; for gross vicious humours heaped up in the body, are the Authors of Crudities and Obstructions, Gouts, Apoplexies, and a multitude of other diseases.   

Of Passions of the Mind.  
Passion's of the Mind have a great Influence upon the health of our bodies; so that as our Passions are, so (very much) are the state of our bodies altered: Because by these the expulsion of the native heat with the Blood and Spirits, are carried inward or outward; and these Passions are in Number Four; Joy, Anger, Sorrow, and Fear.  
Joy proceeds from the Heart; for the thing causing Joy or Fear being conceived, the Faculties move the heart, which shaken and moved by the Faculty which hath dominion over it, is dilated and opened, as ready to embrace the exhilerating Object; but in the mean time, by the force of that dilatation it sends forth much heat and Spirits together with the Blood into all the Body, a great part of which coming to the Face, dilates it; the Forehead is smooth and plain, the Eyes look bright, the Cheeks become red as died with Vermilion, the Lips and Mouth are drawn together, and made plain and smooth: Some have their Cheekdented with two little pits, which fro● the effects are called laughing Cheek● because of the contraction or kerbing which the Muscles suffer by reason ● their fullness of Blood and Spirits, a● which is nothing but to laugh. Jo● recreates and quickens all the Faculties, stirs up the Spirits, helps concoction, makes the Body to be bett● in liking, and fattens it; the heat, blo● and Spirits flowing thither, and t● nourishing dew or moisture, water i● and refreshing all the Members; fro● whence it is, that of all the passions ● the Mind, this only is profitable, ● that it exceeds not measure; for i● moderate and unaccustomed Joy caries so violently the Blood and Spir● from the Heart into the habit of th● Body, that sudden and unlooked f● death ensues, by a speedy decay ● strength, and the lasting Fountain ● the Vital Humour being exhausted which thing happens to them whic● are less hearty, as Women and ol● men.  
Anger causeth the same effusion o● heat in us, but far speedier than Joy therefore the Spirits and Humours are so inflamed by it, that it often causes putrid Fevers, especially if the body abound with any ill humour.  
Sorrow and Grief dries the Body in a way contrary to that of Anger; because by this the heart is so straitened, the heat being almost extinct, that the accustomed Generation of Spirits cannot be performed, and if any be generated, they cannot freely pass into the members with the Blood; wherefore, the Vital Faculty is weakened, the lively colour of the face withers and decays, and the Body wastes a-away with a linger Consumption.  
Fear in the same manner draws in the Spirits, and calls them back, not by little and little, as in sorrow, but suddenly and violently; hereupon the Face grows suddenly pale, the extreme parts cold, all the Body trembles or shakes, the Belly in some is loosed, the Voice as it were stays in the Jaws, the Heart beats as it were with a violent pulsation; because it is almost oppressed with the heat, strangled by the plenty of Blood and Spirits abundantly rushing thither, the hair also stands upright, because the heat and blood are retired to the inner parts and the outmost parts are more col● and dry than stones; by reason where of the outmost skin and pores in which the roots of the hair are fastened, ar● drawn together.  
Shame is a certain affection as it wer● mixed of Anger and Fear, therefore in that Conflict of (as it were) contending passions, fear prevaileth over Anger, the Face waxeth pale, the Blood flowing back to the heart, and these symptoms arise according to the vehemency of the abated or contracte● heat: But if on the contrary, Ange● get the dominion over Fear, the Bloo● runs violently into the Face, the Eye● look red, and sometimes they even foam at the mouth.  
There is another kind of Shame, which the Latins call Verecundia, and we Shamefastness, in which there is a certain Flux and Reflux of heat and blood, first recoiling to the heart, then presently rebounding from them again, but that motion is so gentle, that the heart thereby suffers no oppression nor defect of Spirits. Wherefore, no accidents worthy to be spoken of, arise from thence; this effect is familiar to young Maids and Boys, who if they blush for a Fault committed unawares, or through carelessness, it is thought an Argument of a virtuous and good disposition.    

CHAP. VI Tractatus de Scorbuto: OR, A Tract concerning the Scurvy. The Description of the Scurvy, with the internal and next Cause which is radicated mostly in the Blood and Nervous Liquor.  
IN the ancient Medicine there is so little mention made of this Disease, which we in our days c●ll the Scurvy, and there is so sparing a description made of it, that some have doubted whether there have been any such Disease as is now almost Epidemical in man● places, where in former times it was n● known, and with which almost all d● labour, or think that they are afflicte● This Disease (it is apparent) did put for ● itself in former times, but it's own O● springs, (as in the Lues Venerea, and Ri●kets,) were discovered long after. Y● this Disease, although known by oth● Names, and observed by the Ancient and also the Cure of it, hath been d●vered to the succeeding Ages, by ● more dull wits, as appears sufficiently the Testimonies of Hypocrates, Areti● Pliny, and others. There is little to ● said, as to the various Appellations this Disease, yet I shall give you a tou● We shall therefore proceed to the opening and right Explication of it, wh● yet hath been so diffused, and doth ●tend itself to such Variety and Multi●city of Symptoms, that not one d●nition, or scarce any single descript● can comprehend it.  
Howsoever, not wholly to pass it o● we have little among Authors, tha● certain; yet among the ancient Mast● of Medicine, there are various Na● appropriate to this disease, of which some are taken from the Disease, some from the symptoms, as it appears from Celsus and others, where it is taken from the various symptoms of this Disease. Which shall be handled when we come to discover the symptoms, signs, or evil ●nd pernicious Concomitants of this formidable Disease.  
As to the Name, Scorbutus, it takes its Original from Scorbuck a Danish word, ●ut used by the Saxons, and borderers ●pon the Germane Sea; and in Latin, by some Gingipedi●um, because that in this Disease the Gums and Feet are infected ●ith a corrupt Blood, and thence one indication of a right manner of Cure is ta●en to be well achieved by a well mun●ifying and cleansing of the Blood. Pli●y in his Natural History calls it Stoma●ace and Sceletyrbe: and of his Opinion ●s Strabo in his Book of Geographa, but others suppose this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, to be a spe●es of the Palsy. However or in what ●anner this Disease was found to show ●orth its symptoms in those days, when ●s it was but in its Infancy; in process of ●me, we find it hath arrived to the pitch ●f one of the most formidable Dseases incident to these Northern Climates, o● mor●●pidemical than most other distempers. To stand much upon the ●●me and from thence to suppose to dedu● any thin● of the Nature and Essence ● this Dis●a●●, does seem difficult, if not impossible; b●c●use (as was binted befor● these Applications seem to take the● rise chief 〈◊〉 the symptoms, whic● appear to be ●o numerous, that as w● said, no one single Definition can comprehend it.  
Notwithstanding some have thus defined it, that it is a corruption of cru● humours; and mostly of Atrabilis refu●ing from the Compass of the ●elly, a● contained Bowels, bu● most of all fro● the stuffing and intemperature of t● Spleen, which is proper and peculiar that part: And it also acquires ● differing degree of putridness from the ma●cious form and species of other humou● and it weakens and 〈◊〉 by litt● and little, by a 〈◊〉 Fertility ● symptoms, all the 〈◊〉 of the Bod● the Bowels (serving and dedicated Nu●●●tion▪ ●nd placed 〈…〉 Reg●on ●● th● B●●y) are ●●●●●pted ●he Subject, and do administer the Original ● this Disease: But above the rest it is chief attributed to the Spleen; in truth the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of it, the Liver being sound, the attraction is hindered by the intemperature and obstruction of the atrabilous humour, which for that cause being mixed with the blood, doth infect the whole Body with a consuming or pining corruption.  
This definition carries in it a great proportion with the Disease, viz. In respect of the chief Seat, the Spleen, and the other encompassed Bowels. Secondly, in respect of the humour which is Atrabilious, or burnt Choler. Thirdly, with respect to the Cause, the obstruction of the parts destinated to Nutrition. Fourthly, to the Numerousness of the Symptoms, which are very many. Fifthly, as to the End which is very afflicting. And lastly, the corrupting the Blood, which (as such) is accounted the Parent of this Disease, all which shall be further demonstrated and illustrated by that which follows.   

CHAP. VII.  
The Manner of the Generation of the Scurvy.  
PHysicians have laboured much to demonstrate the Manner of the production of this Disease, and the mo● evident is taken from an Analogy th● the Fermentations of Wines bare ● the Fermentations and Concoctions ● our Food received into our Body, an● the various alterations that it suffers b● our innate heat, and other Concomitant of producing Chyle, and the fitting it i● the various work-houses of our Body ● the great end to which it is designe● viz. the Nourishing of our body: an● to this Analogy it is observable, that t● Juice expressed from the Grapes, begin in short time to put forth itself into m●tion; and by this there is by a certain Fermentation, an Alteration and a Rari●cation, the gross and dull is made spirituous and lively, the thick is made thi● the tart is made sweet and pleasant. An● that that was unfit to be taken into ou● Bodies, by reason of its heterogeneit) is by this Fermentation made most homogeneous or Friendly to our Nature, but in this there are several things or accidents observable.  
First, that when the Faeces are separated and cast to the bottom, if they are again elevated to motion, or if any heterogeneous thing, not agreeable to it, (as Fat, or any Exotic Sulphur,) be cast into the Vessel, from thence there will arise a notable perturbation, which unless it be appeased, tends to the ruin of the whole.  
Secondly, the Sulphurous parts of the Wine being exalted above the rest, it induceth an immoderate heat or ebullition which in the Idiom of our Language is called the Fretting of Wines.  
Thirdly, it is not seldom, that there happens a close union or Constriction of the Sulphur with the wearied or tired Spirit, the Saline parts being brought to a fluidness, it excels the rest in Power and Force, and so the Liquor passeth into an Acetum or Vinegar.  
There is yet another Intemperature of Wines, viz. when the spirits being depressed, the saline and sulphurous particles combined together, are exalted: And this may be done in Wines in a twofold manner. And this is observable, that Wines may degenerate into Vappa▪ or Vinegar, and that sometime from the Spirit being depressed, and also the Sulphur with the Salt doth become musty, clammy or slimy, which we call Wine over-fretted, or become ropy in either Mutation, the Spirit being brought under the Yoke, the sulphurous and salin● being associated together, they excel● the other Elements, and so they may change into the gross disposition of it● own Liquor; notwithstanding these things are not done altogether in th● same manner in both: Wherefore in th● first, Dyscrasia, or Intemperature o● the Wine, the Sulphur somewhat abideth with the Salt, but in the latter, the Sal● rather existeth with the Sulphur, bu● whether it be one or the other that i● made most powerful, the dominion o● the Spirit being driven away, the other adheres to it, and taketh away its du● state; the manner of both seem explicable.  
Note, When Generous Wines have long waxed hot, the particles being much agitated, and by little and little being wounded, the spirit partly evaporates, being rapt up with the grosser Elements, it is suppressed. In the mean time the Sulphur (the abundance of which) is advanced by a greater agitation, and then the Spirit is brought under the yoke adhering to the salt, and lifting it up, it altars the mixture of the Liquor; then by reason of the Excellency of the sulphur, combinated with the Salt, thence cometh the mustiness, even as with thin Wines longer kept. The Salt exalted, and made victorious, it depresseth the spirit, and from thence it induceth a sharpness to the subjected Latex, and then afterward the exalted Salt which is in a lesser quantity, getting the Sulphur to itself, and joining of it intimately to it, doth turn the substance of the Liquor from thin into thick, and as it were Oleaginous, and from a sour savour into a very ungrateful, and (as it were) a Mustiness.  
These being the Productions by reason of the Fermentation in Wines, you shall see how amply the Analogy will hold between this Fermentation, and the manner of producing the Scurvy.  
It is to be understood, that the Aliments received into our Bodies, are first concocted, and as it were gently boiled in our Stomaches, by which means there is made a separation of the gros● and the excrementitious parts, which are unfit to nourish, and are cast forth into their proper Receptacle, viz. the Guts.  
In the mean time, as it were by a certain Fermentation, by which those things that were before thick and gross, are rarified, and those that were fixed, are spiritualised, and they are made volatile; and this is done by separating their Excrements, that there might be an assimilation of that which is profitable to our Bodies, and to administer a pure Aliment, that so they might afford matter to our spirits in manner as hath been above demonstrated, in the Fermentation of Wine: As Planerus brings that sentence of his, That Meat and Drink in our Stomaches is resolved into an Air, which is drawn and passes into the Mesaraicks, and is changed by a certain Concretion into the species of Blood; and not only those parts of Aliments and Drinks are rarified and made volatile, as it were in our Bodies, but even that salt itself which is in these Aliments, and is assumed in with them, though fixed, yet are rendered volatile, spiritual and as it were Animal: And this is not difficult to believe, if any one will take notice how these volatile Salts and Spirits may be drawn out of Horns, and Bones, and Urines of Animals.  
And so while all things are well performed in our Bodies, the Aliments are resolved in our stomaches, and the parts unfit to nourish, are separated; but those things which are proper to nourish, are by the proper and peculiar Faculty of the Stomach and Bowels elaborated, and by that means rendered consentaneous to humane Nature: But when in our Stomaches and Intestines they cannot attain to that similitude and form which they ought to have, to nourish our bodies.  
They are sent to the Liver, which is (as it were) the workhouse of the blood, to be more fully elaborated; but as the purer blood is elaborated in the Liver, the grosser part of the Chyle is (by the large quantity of the Serum, with which it is moistened, and reduced to a greater aptness to fluxibility and motion, and is attracted by the Spleen, and that part of the Chyle which yet remains thick, (by reason of Pontic and Acid Qualities) is there elaborated and changed into blood fit for the nourishing the neighbouring parts.  
And these things being rightly done, and fitly ordered in our Bodies, the man continues sound and in health; but if by reason of an ill manner of Living, and if they shall eat crude gross and naughty Diet, and shall gorge themselves with many sorts of Food, so that it is not able to separate from the Body, though otherwise in health and strong, by the power of concoction those vicious Excrements with which the concoctive power labours, but so the Chyle abounding with many gross and tartarous parts, and coming to the secondary Bowels destinated to concoction, it happeneth that these gross salt and fixed parts cannot all be attracted by the Spleen, neither be all sufficiently elaborated there; and so that concoction which ought to ferment, and as it were to spiritualise all the Aliments, is hindered, and the grosser parts of the Food, with the fixed and tartarous, carried in abundance with the Meats, is sent away gross, in its fixed nature, being not able to render them volatile, rarified and Animal, as they ought, and the impure, unprofitable, and tartarous parts cannot be separated from the useful and profitable, whence the Bowels appointed to the second concoction, at length wax too weak to discharge the abundance of gross humours, and by little and little are debilitated, & from thenceforth are rendered more unapt, so that they cannot correct the Coction and Elaboration of the Aliment, and the overmuch thickness of the humours, and that which is deficient in the Rarification and Attenuation, (how to express it in one word, is not easy) and from hence appears the Reason of the controversy about the Name: Gr. Hortius calls it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or Crudity, and that he accounts the nearest and properest Name for this Disease.  
And therefore that Salt and the grosser parts of the Chyle, when all cannot be attracted from the Spleen, and elaborated and attracted by the Liver, without Impediment, even that which is the subtler part of the Chyle, as that which is familiar to it, and naturally more apt to the generating good blood, and cannot expel all things from Nature, because of the abundance and unaptness, they stick in the first ways, and abide in the branches o● 〈◊〉 Porta and Mesaraick 〈…〉 the Mesen●ary itself, Pa●●r●● ●nd 〈◊〉▪ and by reason that it is wo●● to administer matter of Cause to such humours, they are continually increased every day: And to these salt, gross fixed humours, there are joined and mixed other crude and vicious humours, and are detained in these places; and so ●he Cymists do call the foulness▪ of these humours heaped up in the first ways, Tartarous.  
Having premised these things, let us return to the Analogy that seems to be between the Fermentation of Wine and the Blood o● Humo●rs, and concerning the first note in the Fermentation of Wine▪   

CHAP VIII.  
〈…〉 when the Faeces are separa●●● and 〈◊〉 to the bottom, if they ●●● again elevared to motion, or if any Heterogeneous Exotic Sulphur be cast into the 〈◊〉, from thence there will arise a notabl●● 〈…〉, which unless it be 〈…〉 to the ruin● of 〈◊〉 whol● 〈…〉 like 〈…〉 there b● ma●y thing ●hich 〈…〉 mixible with ●●● blood, which ●eing mixed wi●● 〈◊〉 ●oe ●i●der ●he mo●ion and Circulation of it, ●nd trouble th● Oeconomic▪ Indeed these are not so well performed, the nourishing Liquo●●eing reduced to a muddiness, ●● inordinately ferments the blood, and also ●ha● Liquor is made to degenerate from its statu quo prius, into a base and flat Liquor, and being such, stirs up the fits of intermitting Fevers, but the vaporous Excrements of the Blood, the Rasa, or Iraseibiles', choleric and atrabilious, retained in its bosom, it brings forth Catarrhs, Dropsies, Jaundice, Melancholy, 〈◊〉 ●any other Effects. And▪  
Secondly, The Sulph●●●us part 〈…〉 Blood being too much ●●al●ed, from thence is produced an inordinate heat, and so is apt to be kindled i●●he heart, and from thence follows a Feverish heat, and thence have many Fevers, the Cause of their Existence.  
Thirdly, There frequently happens a close Union or Constriction of the Sulphur with the wearied or tired spirit, the saline parts being brought to a fluidness, it excels the rest in power and force, and so the Liquor passeth into an Acetum or Vinegar, and from the Acidity of the Blood, are produced Melancholy Distempers.  
Fourthly, There is yet another intemperature of Wines, viz. when the spirit being depressed, the saline and sulphurous particles combining together, are exalted; and this may be done in Wines in a twofold manner: And this is very observable, Wines may degenerate into Vappa or Vinegar, and that sometimes from the spirit being depressed, and also the sulphur with the salt exalted together, doth become musty, clammy or slimy, which we call Wine over-fretted, or become Ropy, in either mutation the spirit being brought under the Yoke, the sulphur and saline being associated together, they grow too powerful fo● the other Elements, and so they may be changed into the gross disposition of its own Liquor, notwithstanding this thing is not done in the same manner in both▪ For in the first Dyscrasia, or Intemperature of the Wine, the Sulphur somewhat abides with the Salt, but in the latter the Salt rather existeth with the Sulphur; but whether it be one or the other that is made more powerful (the dominion of the spirit being driven away) the other consents with it, and taketh away its due state: the manner of both is explicable.  
When Generous Wines have long waxed hot, and by little and little being wounded, the Spirit partly evaporates, and being rolled about with the other grosser Elements, it is suppressed; in the mean time, the Sulphur, (the abundance of which is advanced by the great Agitation and the Spirit) is brought under the Yoke, adhering to the Salt, and taking it up, it altars the mixture of the Liquor, and then by reason of the excellency of the Sulphur combined with the Salt, thence comes the mustiness, even as with thin Wines long kept, the Salt excited and made victorious, it depresseth the Spirit, and from thence it induceth a sharpness to the subjected Latex, and then the exalted Salt which is in it, in a lesser quantity getting the Sulphur to itself, and joining it intimately with itself, turns the substance of the Liquor from thin into thick, and as i● were Oleaginous, and from a sour savour into a very ungrateful, and as i● were a Mustiness.  
It is very probable that the Bloo● may be thus altered in the Scorbutio● Affection; as Wines, as often as the● wax hot, they degenerate into Rop● and stinking: For this Disease is not ● much from the Feculency mixed wi● the Blood, (although such have bee● and the Supplement of them may ● known before) but it dependeth upo● the habitual Intemperature of the Bloo● and the Argument is this, Because a radicated Scurvy is so difficultly cured, a● sometimes not at all, we may state t● Dyserasia sanguinis is the Parent of t● Scurvy, even as we constitute a Dup●city of the Wine, to wit, a Sulphuro-●linan, and a Salino-Sulphurean: F● where there is the greatest variety ● Distempers which are attributed to t● Scurvy, all these may chief and ve● aptly be referred to two heads or Fo●tains of Evil, Viz.   

CHAP. IX.  
THE first is that in which the Blood is touched with the Scorbutic Mia●ines, or the prae-existing heat, in which, to wit the Sulphur, having got the prae-domination, gets the salt to itself; wherefore that being made more rancid, or Rammish, waxeth inordinately hot in the Vessels, and the Excrements being burned, to wit, the Concretions of the Sulphur and Salt, the Sulphur wholly forsakes itself, and is dispersed here and ●here; the which truly being drove outward, do produce spots, Pustuls, Ex●nth●mata, and Ulcers, but being dispo●ed inwardly, they occasion Vomitings, ●nrdialgia, or heart-akings, Diarrhaeas, ●r Dysenteries, and also most cruel pains: ●n the scorbutic Rancidity of this kind ●f Blood, temperate Remedies only, ●nd frequent Phlebotomies, (as Scurvygrass, Horseradish, and other things, endowed with a sharp and biting taste,) are convenient; and for the like reason musty ●r rancid Wines are cured, by taking from them their Faeces: Moreover by th● pouring in of Milk, Starch, Ising-glass and of other things, assuaging or mitigating them.  
In the second place, in the Blood nourishing the Scurvy, the Salt having g● the Dominion, it joins the Sulphur to i● wherefore that is not so hot, but it becomes thick, as ropy Wine, and as it we Mucilaginous, it is slowly circulated ● the Vessels, and whiles it passes the Bowels it is apt to stuff them, and to fast● the muddiness to them, such Effects oft● times are made without cutaneous Eruptions, there are produced short breatedness and weariness, they labour wi● a spontaneous Lassitude, a straitness ● the breast, and often times they are obnoxious to Fainting of the spirits, Vertigo and Convulsions; but in these scorbutic Dispositions they are wont to u● Remedies more hot, and those endow with a volatile Salt, and also Chalybia● which doth thin and stir the blood: A● truly in the same manner do they hand Ropy Wines, viz. They ought to ● much shaken and stirred.  
Thus far concerning the Radicate Principles of the Scurvy in the Blood Mass; and here it is to be explained from what Causes the Blood, (the Parent of the Scurvy, degenerating from its proper goodness) doth take that diseasie disposition: Notwithstanding, it ought first to be shown, in what manner the seeds of this Disease, with the other Humour in general, is cast into the nervous Juice.  
From the Blood driven forth the Borders of the Brain, doth still forth a most subtle matter, as for Animal spirits, so for a Vehicle, and doth scatter them there continually, by the whole nervous kind, that Latex, as long as the Spirit and Salt is well combinated or volatilised with it, remains very powerful: there is also a little water with which these are diluted, there seems little need of Sulphur and Earth, and yet that Concretion of the Spirit and volatile Salt, which can pass through all things, doth penetrate, actuate, and irradiate that most excellent humour.  
Concerning the beginnings of the Scurvy, until the Blood (being thick) and Tone of the Brain are vitiated, that Dewy Liquor of the Brain and Nerves, as yet spirituous and sweet, abides not very unfit to every Office to which it i● appointed; but afterward being impoverished by the bloody Mass, and muc● enfeebled, it is dropped out, inclining towards a soureness: Moreover from the feculent, and as it were the rancidous or muddy blood, heterogeneo● particle, are administered, much infeste● with an Animal Regimen.  
And the Brain being made more wea● within, are admitted without repulse and thence is powered out into the marrowy Appendix, as also the nervous with the moistening Juice; hence no● there follows (the failings and the Eclipses of the scattering Animal Spirit in● every Region) distractions, and doloro● complaints, and Cramps, wherefore Pa●sies, Convulsions, Vertigoes, Pains, Trembling, and other preternatural Afflictions of the Brain and Nervous kind, an● the more forceable Roots producing th● Scurvy are wont to follow.  
And hence it is to be noted in general that in these three doth consist the scorbutic spot, affixed to the nervous Juice viz. That the dewy Liquor of the Brai● and Nerves, is become much more thi● or impoverished, which doth degenerate à Crasi Spirituo-salina, toward a soureness, which is replenished by the heterogeneous and morbific particles. Hitherto we have shown how the first seeds of the Scorbutic Affection, are sown in the Blood, and therein to the Nervous Juice.   

CHAP. X.  
THe more remote and Extrinsic Cause comes from the six things non Naturales. First, Aire that is corrupt, naughty, moist, thick, putrid and cold, cloudy, sultery, and marine; the unpleasant and cloudy season of the Year, moist places near the Seacoasts, Laky, wet dwelling, and Habitations under ground, obnoxious to unclean and filthy Exhalations arising from foul Inundations of the Sea and Rivers, from whence Hepatick and Splenatick Afflictions are stirred up.  
Secondly, Foods, not only in Quality but in Quantity, and in Variety, hurt much: (Multa fercula, multos morbos ferunt.) In Qualiity, if they be of an evil Juice, corrupt, too hot, too much burnt; these easily admitting of putridity, and are contrary to the nature of the Bowels; which First are, the Flesh of Bulls, Rams, Sows, Goats, Deer, Water-fowls, Musty diet, or too Old things, salted, dried in the Air, dried with smoke, or kept too long with Salt, Red Herring, Pickled Herring, Biscuit, Pease, Beans, Old Cheese, Cabbage, Chestnuts. Among Drinks, those are forbidden, tha● are made of a foul and stinking Water, drinks made of Wheat, thick and feculent▪ Wines, black & slimy, impure, thick, not only taken to satiation, but also taken against thirst, and Drinks too copiously taken into the stomach hurt the Mesaraick Veins and Liver, so that they cannot perform their other Offices.  
There are other Causes of this Disease, in some it may draw its rise fro● an hereditary Cause, when the Parent● have been much infected with the Invasions of the Scurvy, as when the Parent Father or Mother are scorbutic; and so it becomes Hereditary also by sucking the Milk of a Scorbutic Nurse; and some think it may be taken by Contact, and intimate Conversation, as drinking in the same Cup, by Kissing, and by the drawing in of the Breath of those infected: And this by some is thought the Cause, why in the Lower Saxony the Scurvy is so frequent, they suppose that by drinking in the same Cups, that scorbutic, that having their Gums lax, and inflamed with crude Blood, their mouth stinking, give or communicate the same to others, and so also their Companions, Si scilicet vir cum faemina scorbutica fluxu albo laborante concumbat, may take it; want of motion, an idle sedentary Life does contribute much to this disease, Fast over much, immoderate watch, great and unseasonable Labour and Exercises of Body, suppressions of yearly Evacuations, immoderate Sleep, frequent perturbations of Mind, anxious Cares and Solicitudes, and things of that kind, which doth lessen the Native heat, and increase Crudities.   

CHAP. XI.  
Signs showing the Scurvy hath already invaded the Body.  
FI●st, A Heaviness of the whole Body. Secondly, A spontaneous weariness, which notwithstanding Bodies that a●● more gross and big, may not so soon perceive, without a continual Exercise.  
Thirdly, A certain straitness of the Praecordi●m.  
fourthly, A debility of the Legg●.  
Fifthly, An i●ching, redness, and pai● of the 〈◊〉.  
Sixthly, The colour of the Face incl●●ing from a paleness to a dusky.  
 these are found jointly you may with certainty pronounce they 〈◊〉 the Scurvy. Not that these be alithe Signs of this disease, but that this truculent disease may be the more unmasked, and every ordinary Capacity may understand whether he or she have the Scurvy; you shall here have a more particular List of well-nigh all the symptoms of this Disease.   

CHAP. XII.  
THe Scurvy first invading, there is presently a sense of heaviness and weariness without a manifest Cause over the whole Body, mostly about the Vessel dedicated to Concoction, and that from Cacochymia, pressed out of all the Veins by the whole frame; for by the heap of humours in this Evil, there is need that the powers be stirred up.  
2ly, They are troubled with a difficult and slow breathing, especially between Labour, when the sick is moved or stirred, by Reason of a flatulent humour lying under and distending the Hypocondries, together with the neighbouring parts, the Diaphragma, and Organs of Respiration.  
3. Often-times they are driven over the whole Body, but chief through the external parts, as the Arms, Belly, sides, Hips, between the Entrance of the back, having a notable passage by the Veins that passes down by the back, but chief the spots do bud and put forth themselves in the feet and legs.  
4. When the Fountain and Fuel of this Disease is circumscribed in the Bowels, that neither much of it is poured forth into the veins, then either the Veins itself, or both, do begin to swell in the Panch-belly, and so they are rendered bigger, but chief the Spleen, which swelling, or being puffed up with Afflatus, and glutted with the muddy part of the blood, it spreads to a greater magnitude.  
5. The fifth symptom of this disease is, that from hence is produced an extenuation of the Body, by reason of a defect of the more benign Aliment and nutritive Juice, or from impure Food, the blood being not sufficiently cleansed.  
6. The Appetite, the Faculty of the stomach, the desire of Food needful and necessary to Life, is dejected, conflicting almost continually with a nauseating, loathing and aversion to all food, with some it is dulled, but with others the natural habit of the stomach, is well-nigh lost, and truly all these things are wont to happen by reason of the disparity of the humour flowing, as from the Liver, so also from the Spleen into the Centre of the stomach.  
7. The Seventh symptom is this, that sometimes one, sometimes another of the Hypocondra● are afflicted with pain, and as it were with an obscure deadness, wherefore they are vehemently distended by winds or Flatus that hides, and are shut up in these places, from whence the power of Rising up, and going doth arise.  
8. Eightly, The pain of this place is not perpetually circumscribed and abiding here but every where, now here, now there, according to its wand'ring disposition; now in the sides, and anon in the lower parts of the Body, and by and by through the whole Body; and thus it very imperiously maintains its own bounds.  
9 In the first which is extended to the Loins, the Loins seem as though they were broke, and in these there is perceived too much blood abounding in the great Veins of the Loins, before the arising of marks, Buboes, the Haemorrhoids being stopped in men, and the monthly Courses in Women; and other pains running over the whole Body, but chief the Joints, sometimes with, and sometimes without a tumour, sometimes with a certain quivering, and discovering its self of its own accord, and often times it resembles the Gout.  
10. The tenth symptom is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or swooning, which doth assault many, the heat and spirit being wearied, even as it is wont in the Hypochondraick affection, in which often times there is certain Respites or Intervals, as it were, the Spirits leading themselves to the Castle of the heart, as to its strong hold.  
11. If the humour pass downward, because Nature with its own Gravity maketh it to travel into the Veins, there is pain, with a Flatus, and vexes their extreme parts abundantly.  
12. Some are Costive, or more sparingly go to stool, by reason of the dryness of their bodies, but others are attended with fluxes.  
13. The Urinal appears muddy, and yet it neither resideth to the bottom, nor hath any troubled Sediment at the bottom.  
14. There is such pulsation of the quivering Arteries as there is in them that are afflicted with a Quartan Ague, which is weak hard and frequent.  
15. And if the Praecordia's by reason of ill Living have been inflamed by heat, because of the straitness of the place, the matter having been shut in as in a hot Oven, a Fever will arise, gentle to the touch of the hand, neither having any period or time of End.  
16. The Scurvy hath frequently its own periods, with which by little and little it is dissolved, and returns as it were again per Circulatum vel circuitum.  
17. When the flesh of the Gums by its nature being softer because of its Texture, and being moistened with vapours from the impure Bowels, scorching by the power of the heat from below, truly they then are most apt to be filled, and then it ariseth into a less and fluid humour.  
18. The Gums do begin to itch at their roots, because of a scorched, putrid & salted humour, moistened by its Ichor, with which by its nature is acrid and sharp, propagated either by contagion, being stopped no longer, and by taking another course, and afterward it hath by staying in the place acquired an Acrimonia.  
19 The Scurvy is always accompapanyed with the stinking foetor in the mouth.  
20. Another Infirmity that attends the Scurvy, is a weakness and feebleness in the knees, for which cause, the sick can walk but slowly, though he endeavour much, by reason that the Muscles and nervous parts are overcharged with gross and melancholy humours, as also a Contraction of the Nervous parts, that many cannot set their feet plain upon the Ground.  
21. To some there happens an obstinate stifness of the Jaws, that they cannot well gape or yawn, by reason of the stubborn stifness of the Joint of the Cheek.  
22. In some there happens a convulsive motion of the Muscles and Nerves, in others a paralytic distemper; in some a swelling in their legs, in some the Scurvy and Dropsy are complicated together, in others there is an Atrophy, viz. a Consumption of some one part, whiles the rest are in good plight, by reason of undue attraction of Aliment.  
23. There often happens a trembling and palpitation, and great Assaults of the Heart, and these Passions are merely convulsive from the Cardiacous Nerves, to wit, of the Praecardium and Heart it self, by reason of the spasmodical matter that besieges it.  
24. Some annoyed with wand'ring Fevers, and also sudden suffusions of heat, and also Cold in several parts of the Body, now hot, and anon cold, flushing heats in their faces, especially after meals, until the Concoction be over.  
25. Also Scorbuticks are wont to be molested with copious sweats, and specially in the night, because the nutritive Juice every day brought into the Mass of blood, by reason of the intemperature, impurity and foulness of it, is very little assimilated, being rejected of the blood, breaks forth under the form of sweat; but because that Nutritive Liquor, whiles it is assimulating, is made worse; being sick it produceth not a Fever in its own manner, the saltish intemperature of the blood, which being less apt therefore, abideth in the burning Fits; these immoderate kinds of Sweats, continual Fevers, with other Chronical Diseases, do often happen to scorbutic persons, where the Nutritive Liquor by fault of the assimulating Blood is perverted more than the concocting Bowels.  
26. In Scorbuticks the Urine appears red, like a Lie made of Wood-ashes and this we pronounce as an undoubted sign of this Disease; for whiles the serous Latex, dissolved with the saltish and sulphurous uncocted particles, some do● impart and communicate to it the highly saturated, and as it were the Lixivial tincture, and also such a Urinal abounded much with Contents, which when it ● cold doth praecipitate to the bottom.  
27. To this sad disease there happens a copious spitting, and oftentimes 〈◊〉 bloodiness and swelling of the Gumme● and then a Sponginess, and after th●● putrefaction, as also an aerosion of th● Teeth, and looseness, or a falling ou● accompanied with a stink of the mouth the reason of which better appears, if be considered, that there are constituted certain peculiar Ducts, to wit, S●livales, or Vessels serving to spit, b● which the serous humours are copious● discharged, these arise from various Gla●dules, viz. à Parotidibus, maxillaribus, su● lingualibus, and are terminated much 〈◊〉 the parts about the Gums, or very ne●● them; the constant office of these, is 〈◊〉 send down the spittle for certain uses i● to the Cavity of the mouth: and it is further to be observed, that the superfluous, gross and vicious are separated, as the gross are by Sweat and Urine or other ways, from the blood, so these are carried out of the Body by this way.  
28. Marks breaking out in the Legs, and other parts of the Body, is the Pathognomical sign of the Scurvy, as hath been already mentioned.  
Thus I have given you a brief account of the Signs and Symptoms of the Scurvy, which appear to be many, and in many, very truculent or severe. And this the Reader is to note by the way, That no person may judge themselves free of this disease, because they have not all these symptoms attending at once, for that person is rarely to be found that is so, though some we have recovered, that it was difficult enough to perceive the absence of any one of these symptoms.   

CHAP. XIII.  
The Cure of the Scurvy.  
THere are four Intentions by whic● the Scurvy is cured, and the banished health is recovered: The first i● Evacuation, the second is Alteration, th● third is comforting, and the fourth is th● removing the symptoms, but forasmuch as these chief depend upon the Pharmaceutical, or Curative part of Physic that shall be referred to the use of other (Athleteses) I mean those Medicines specified in the Index Medicamentorum a● the end of this Book, which have power to extirpate the seeds of this disease● corroberate the parts, open obstructions banish the symptoms, and consequently bring in the banished health: therefore passing that, we shall proceed to the nex● thing, as that which is very necessary fo● all to know, and easy to follow, an● and which will compensate the price o● this Book, in answering that necessary Question which is requisite to be propounded by every scorbutic person, and that which will have a tendency to do much in several of the Intentions propounded, and that is, What is the Diet to be shunned, and what is the Diet to be followed? And here it is to be observed, that under the Name of Diet; Meat and Drink are not only to be understood, but also the Manner and way of Living, consisting in Sleep, Watching, Venus, Bathe, Exercise, Idleness, Perturbations of the mind, and all such things which are done in the Bodies of Mortals.  
Two things are principally to be considered in Meats, The first is such as must respect the strength of the sick; the second must respect the Disease: All Diets in this Disease ought to have the faculty of thinning, cutting, cleansing and of opposing the Disease; it must be of good Juice, fit to nourish the body, and that in favour of the Bowels, helpful to Concoction, the chief and proper Instrument of which is the native heat, which must not be impoverished by binding things, but rather by defending and preserving, by penetrating things, that they may nourish and be restoring.  
The Food which is allowed to scorbutic Persons, is Beef meanly salted and young, Veal, Mutton, Lamb, Goats, Pork because it is easy of Concoction● and nourishes much, roasting Pigs, th● Hind, Kid, Rabbits: Foul, Capon● Cocks, Hens, Chickens, Pullet's, Cockerels, Turkeys, Partridge, Rails, youn● Doves, Blackbirds, Thrush, Larks, Snite● the Heath-cock, Linnet, Teal, Raged Green-geeses, Marrow of Bones, the Live● of Fowls.  
The Sole, the Trout, Plaice, Flounder, Whiteing, Salmon-peal, Smelt● bream, Codfish, Oysters, Lobsters Prawns, Shrimps, Pickerel, Perch, Gudgeon, Dace. The moderate use of pu● and clear Wines, Water-gruel, Barley broth.  
Their drink may be good Wine, especially Rhenish, which is to be preferre● and good Beer well hopped and boiled and not too new: the Air ought to b● hot and dry; frequent and moderat● Exercise is good, Venus, Sleep, Watche● and affections of the Mind, aught to b● moderate, and suitable to the Complexion and Constitution.  
Meats to be shunned, are all manne● of Flesh that is old, hard, over much salted, and things dried in the smoke, salt Fish, Beef much salted or old, Bull-beef, Martlemas Beef, salt Fish, pickled Herring, fresh Herring, pickled Oysters, heavy Bread, or Bread too corpse, but middling Bread is best. They are to abstain from Sugar, Honey, and all acid, sour things. A sedentary and an idle Life, is that which greatly promotes this Disease.  

Vegetables appropriated to the Disease of the Scurvy, are,  
Wormwood  
Sorrel  
Wood-sorrel  
Maidenhair  
Agrimonia  
Round Birthwort  
Asarabeca  
Bettony  
Bistort  
borage  
Bugloss  
Dodder of Time  
Ceterach  
Chamaedry  
Celandine  
Cichory  
Enula-campane  
Rinds of Ash-tree  
Fennel  
Fumitory  
Broom-flowers  
Liquorish  
The Bark of the root of Cappar.  
Hyssop  
Liverwort  
Hopps  
Motherwort  
Myrabalanes  
Moneywort  
Docks  
Parsley  
Pimpinella  
Polypodium  
Horseradish  
Rhubarb  
Scabias'  
Tamaris  
Thyme  
Valerian  
Nettles  
Corants  
Raisins  
Scurvygrass  
Watercresses  
Brooklime  
Orange's  
Lemons  
Limbs.   

RULES' concerning BREAD and BEER, which is the Best.  
FOrasmuch as the Scurvy and many other Diseases are produced very much from an ill manner of living, without a regard had to those things mentioned above, called Things not Natural; and among these, Bread and Beer have no small share, we have in this place given you some Directions concerning those two principal and universal Foods, Bread and Beer, by the ordering and due use of which you may find great advantage in preserving yourselves from this and other Diseases. Bread above all Foods deserving the pre-eminence, for that it is the staff of man's Life, that universal support without which man cannot well subsist. One of the greatest Judgements and severest punishments that God inflicts upon a Nation or People, is the want of Bread, next to the Food of the Soul (the Word of God.) If Bread therefore be of so much moment to the comfortable being of man's Life, surely there ought to be a great care taken in the choice of the best Bread: in making of the best Bread, a great regard is to be had, in choice of the best Corn, and manner of preparing: and forasmuch as there are divers sorts of grain wherewith Bread may be made, yet of them all there are three principally to be used, Wheat, Rye, and Barley; for Beans or Oats are rarely used, but in very great scarcity of the former, for Beans being very hot and dry, the bread made of it is very dry, brittle and hard to digest, and also unpleasant, and cannot be wholesome, unless for very strong and robust Bodies; for it maketh the Body to abound with Wind, and affords too little good Aliment. In some Shire● in England, and also in Wales, they make bread of Oats, in manner of Cakes, but this Bread, though it be of light digestion, yet it is windy, and affordeth but ● weak nourishment to the body, it is pleasant while new, but dry and unsavoury if kept a little space.  
But God having generally blessed thi● Nation with plenty of Wheat, Barley an● Rye, we shall chief speak of them; an● of these three, Wheat may claim th● pre-eminence, as being of the best temperature, for it is soon digested, an● affords the best and most laudable, an● strongest nourishment, and is accommodated to all Constitutions, Ages, Sex● and Climates (if it may be had;) wherefore it is in want of this if any make shift with any other, but this bread i● purer or more impure, according to th● sineness or coarseness of the flower o● which it is made.  
The Meal is divided into three sort● Simila, Secundarium, and Furfures, bu● some being more curious will have fou● parts, Pollen, Simila, Secundarium, an● Furfures.  
Pollen is the very finest and purest pa● of the flower, and of this is made the finest and purest bread, and most profitable for weak, lose, thin and extenuated bodies, but not so good for those that be strong and healthy.  
The second is that which is called Simila, and this is the mean between the finest part of the flower and the coarsest.  
Secundarium with the finest part of the flower is made the best nourishing and wholsomest bread, and most used of Families of greatest worth. But that bread which by some is called Second Bread, or Secundarium, is that which is most used in the houses of Farmers and Yeomen; this Bread doth not give so great nor so good nourishment as the former, because it hath in it the finer part of the bran, but it quickly forsaketh the stomach, and maketh the body soluble, especially if tender and weak: but it is therefore profitable for such as be costive. And to this some add a little Rye, and that makes a Bread very good for strong and healthy bodies.  
But bread made of the more branny part of the Meal, gives a very bad and Excremental Nourishment to the body, and by some is called Panis Cancarius; but if the Wheat and Rye being mixed, and the courser part of the bran, separated by a sierce, there will be made a brown household Loaf, very agreeable to Labourers. But that bread that is in most use, and best for Families in common, is when the coursest part of the bran is sifted out of Wheat-meal, and this is wholesome and easy enough digested, and make the body soluble, and fittest for healthy bodies; for there i● an abstersive faculty in the bran, by Reason of an acid and penetrating spirit, which he that is but meanly skilful i● the first may discover, as also the bran● when but in a mean quantity makes the● bread of a due porosity, that so the Ferment of the stomach may as an universal menstruum enter the parts of the bread, and sooner dissolve it, and this is also profitable f●r gross and corpulent bodies.  
But Bread made of Corn as it come● from the Mill, is not so wholesome for the former Reasons, because it is of hard digestion, and filleth the belly with Excrements.  
Bread made of Rye is in nothing comparable to that of Wheat, being cold, heavy, hard to digest, and by reason of the massiveness thereof ●● very troublesome and burdensome ●● the stomach; it breeds clammy, ●ough ●nd melanchollick Juice. The bread made with the mixture of Rye and Wheat, which is called Miscelane Bread is far wholesomer than that that is made of Rye only: but the bread made of Rye and Barley, is not so good as the former.   

The Properties requisite ●n good and wholesome Bread.  
THer● are seven things required in the Bread that is good and wholesome to the stomach.  
The first is that it be made of the best Wheat; for as the Wheat is in goodness, so is the bread in goodness or badness. Of Wheat there are several sorts, but that which is reputed the best is Lammas Wheat, because that is commonly ripe about the beginning of August, whose Ears are bare and naked, and there are two sorts, the White and the Yellow; but the Yellow is best, vielding most Flower; and of th● 〈…〉 the finest Manchet-bread, and 〈…〉 ●●rk That Wheat which grows in high and d● Ground, is much preferred before tha● which grows in low and moist. Th● best Wheat hath a yellow colour, a clos● and compacted substance, clean, weight● and hard, not easily breakable between the teeth; but that which is of a loo● and an open substance, and grows i● low and moist places, is not so good ● And though some of the Qualification may be wanting, yet it ought to be of ● hard and close substance, and weighty.  
A second Property is, that it be fit● leavened, by which the body be we● opened, and for which cause it is mad● to be more easily digested, and yields ● better and a more plentiful Nourishment. Unleavened bread hath bee● judged to be unwholesome by all the an●●ent Physicians, because it is of hard digestion, and breedeth humours, obstructing the passages of the Chyle. Notwithstanding we find that no bread is ● lighter digestion than our fine Manche● But by that Rule of the Ancients, a● Cakes, Simnels, Wafers, Fritters, Pa● cakes, and the like are to be rejected, except they be well corrected with som● other good Ingredients.  
The third Property is, that it be temperately seasoned with salt, for Bread unseasoned is hard of digestion, and breedeth obstructive humours, and being over salt, breeds adust and melancholic humours.  
The fourth property is, that it be light, and duly open, and such as may be Honeycomb like for hollowness, not too hollow and porous, but rather like a very fine Sponge all over full of small holes, not over-slapt with water to save pains, no black and dun Lists towards the bottom.  
The fifth property is, that it be well wrought and laboured with the hand or Break, that the Dough by that means may become even and equal through all its parts, without either knaps here and there, or pappie patches, as it will be for want of pains.  
The sixth property is that it be well baked; for bread that is too much, or too little baked, is of hard digestion, and ill distribution, and very troublesome to the Stomach.  
The last property is, that it be not eaten over new, whilst it is hot, nor when it is stolen, or grown dry: because it will fluctuate in the stomach, slowly descend fill the Bowels with wind, by reason o● its vaporous humidity, it dulls the senses confoundeth the Memory, and greatly hurteth the Brain; wherefore hot Brea● is hurtful and unprofitable; and als● Bread that is stolen and become dry, i● not so profitable; for it is hardly digested and yieldeth little nourishment: Brea● made into greater Loaves is fit to be eate● after twenty four hours baking, and i● Summer that it be not above two daye● old, and three days old in Winter; fo● by how much it is indurated by drying so much worse it nourisheth.  
Biscuit bread is only convenient fo● moist stomaches, and them that are phlegmatic, or full and gross, and have desire to grow lean; for it is a very grea● drier, and therefore such as be Melancholic and Choleric, are to forbear i● as hurtful to such; and what is said o● this may be said of the Crust of brea● but it is good for the phlegmatic.  
Pastry crust, though pleasant, yet it i● not very wholesome; for it quickly o● fendeth the stomach.   

The Properties of the best BEER and ALE, our two most usual Drinks in England.  
AS we said of Bread, so we say of Beer and Ale, that the goodness is better or worse, according to the goodness or badness of the Grain of which it is made: And though there ●e many Grains that may be malted, our best and wholsomest Beer and Ale is made of Barly-malt; and as there were Rules to be observed in the choice of good Wheat, so in like manner it is in the choice of good Barley, and also Malt.  
Beer made bitter of the Hop, is not to be drunk till the Hop, by the Fermentation of the Beer, be fully and throughly spent; for otherwise it is of a fuming nature, and therefore it engendereth rheums and distillations, it offendeth the Sight, and weakens the Sinews, and repleateth the Ventricle of the Brain with troublesome vapours, and therefore very much hurteth the external and internal Senses; and therefore Beer so considered, is worse than Ale: but if Beer be not too bitter of the Hop, and that it be not drunk before the bitter force of the Hop be spent, it is far more wholesome than Ale, for that the power and Efficacy of Hops is profitable in opening Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen and Kidneys, and cleanseth the Blood from all corrupt humours, by provoking of Urine, and causing choleric Excression by Stool, and is much better than Ale for such as be Choleric, and have hot Stomaches; but in Winter Ale of greatest use, and being mixed with small Be● is best for such as have the Stone or Gravel ● the Kidneys or Bladder; for Ale is very Em●lient, and dilates the parts; and by reason its clamminess, it defends the parts throut which the Urinal passes by besmeering them wi● its clammy or slimy moisture; and it m● also alter the disposition of the Urine, and som● thing dull its Acrimonia: It is also good ● Aged people, (being well boiled and strong) nourish their old Age; and being of moist pa● it may amend the dryness that accompanies th● Age. As to the heat of Beer, it is in this as all other fermented Liquors, for the Older th● are (provided they do not decay and grow fl● the Stronger they are: and this may serve ● a general Rule, That when any fermented ●quors grow Tart, Acid, Rammish and Pontic they are unfit for common Drinks, for they b●den the Stomach, overheat the Blood, stir Vapours heat the Liver, and strongly combat wi● the Ferment of the Stomach; and this is mo● especially perceived in Beer that is over-sta● and in Choleric and Melancholic Constitu●ons.  
This Rule may be observed as to warm Bee● That persons in health drink their Beer cold ● long as they conveniently can, as young a● strong people; but those that be weak or debilitated by sickness, and tender Constitutions may drink their Beer a little warmed. But the Palates, and Stomaches, and Experience may affo● them the best Allowance.  
There are required six Properties in good Beer.  
The first is, That it be not sour, or any other unpleasant savour.  
The second is, That it be clear, and well defoecated, otherwise it increaseth gross, flatuous, and pituitous humours.  
The third is, that it be well boiled, otherwise it will be fulsome to the stomach, and filleth the body with windy humours.  
The fourth is, that it be old and purged from its dregs; and by old is not intended two or three years old, but from six weeks to two months, or three, according to the strength of the Beer, and as it is hopped; if it be stolen, it is chief to be desired in the Summer. Beer too new is unwholesome, and so is that that is too old.  
The fifth is, that it be neither too strong, nor too small, but of an indifferent strength.  
And the last is, that the Malt of which the Beer is made, be of a full and good Corn, as was hinted before: Beer made of Malt made of one part of Barley, and as much Oats, is more cooling, and is more fit for hot Constitutions.  
But this must be observed in Beer, and all other Liquors that are drinkable, that Temperance in them all, is the way to health, and they that observe not that, go out of the King's Highway, and are Authors of their own hurt and Ruin.   

Some ANIMADVERSIONS upo● TOBACCO, with some Directions concerning its Use.  
THis Herb Tobacco hath been of no smy esteem among the Indians of America; is called Ni●otian, from one Nicot, who g● the first Intelligence of this Plant, and by ● Spaniards, [Tobacco,] from an Island so called▪ which this herb did abound; but of the Indi● it was called Petu● or Petum; and some thi● this is a proper name, if derived from Peto, ● reason it is far fetched, and much desired.  
This Plant is hot and dry in the third degr● and hath a venomous and deleterial proper● for it being any way taken into the body, it tormenteth and extremely troubleth the same w● violent Ejections, upward and downward, ● it showeth forth its power with great varie● according to the Constitution and Temperati● of persons, and as they are more or less ● customed to its use, as also with respect to ● Manner how it is taken. The most common w● of using it, is by receiving the fume into ● mouth, and by this means it shows forth varie● of Operations, for some it stupifies, whereup● there follows a drunken-like lightness of ● head, and especially if there be much taken ● once, and also if the person be unaccustomed ● its use. It's Operation is various, for it▪ s a stro● and violent Emetic, working forceably by Vomit, whereby we have known some have be● sent to their Graves by the violent Operation of this Plant, viz. by the Infusion of this Herb. It works also downward with great force; to some it proves a great Anodyne, causing sleep, and composing to rest; in others it stirs up the Faculty to oppose and reject sleep; in some, being taken by a Pipe, it purges, causing Gripes and torments; not as other corroding things, as Scamony and Colocinthys, which preys upon the Bowels, but working by an occult property, for the Stomach and Intestines having been imposed upon by an Exotic and strange Guest, the Faculty of the part is presently stirred up to discharge itself in haste, in that way that is most proper to the Bowels, offended with respect to the Nature of the Plant, and propensive working thereof.  
That it is Anodyne, is greatly probable, not only from the Experiment that some have of it, for which cause they take it at bedtime, but also from that frequent Experiment that hath been made of it, viz. It's fume only being administered Glyster-wise, in that dolorous Grief the Iliaca Passio, in which it seldom fails of giving ease for a time. It is diaphoretic, by opening the Pores, and causing gentle breathing Sweats, and for that it is best taken at bedtime, physically used, viz. Two or three Pipes being taken in sixteen or twenty four hours, it opens Obstructions of the Bowels, Liver, Spleen, Ureters; it dries waterish humidities, it exsiccat●s the Body, is good for Dropsical distempers and Constitutions, and all Rheumatismes, where there is not a Hectic accompanying, it repels melancholy fumes, allays the Irritations of th● Womb, stops the Fits of the Mother, help● Concoction, dispatches the mass of Food ou● of the Stomach into the Bowels, and thence t● the Draught: It is very penetrating, by reaso● it abounds with a volatile Salt, and sharp O● in great quantity, and of great force, it is ofte● proved effectual in Rheums and Defluxions into the Eyes, being taken the ordinary way in ● Pipe.  
It is singular in outward Applications, it di●poses Ulcers and Fistulaes' to healing, it is ● powerful Remedy against Tetters, Ring-worm● all scabby and filthy cutaneous Ulcers, bei● applied by Unguents or Lotions, viz. the Roo● being boiled in Water, and the places bathed ● only beware you use it not to the Stomach an● Belly; for if to the Stomach, you may be surprised with strong Vomits, if to the Belly, wit● many stools.  
It is chief good for cold and phlegmatic Constitutions, cold and waterish Diseases, Hydropical persons, and such as abound with cold waterish stomaches: But let those that be of a ho● dry and choleric Temperament and Constitution, beware of it; for in such it over-heats th● Liver, scorches the Blood and humours, alte● the Temperament of the Body to greater dryness, introduces a Hectic it destroys the Oe●●nomia of the whole body, it nauseates the Stomach, induces the Vertigo, dulls the Appetite▪ causes a preternatural drought or thirst, stupifies the senses, over-heats the Brain; it too muc● attracts the moisture and humidity of the whol● Body to the mouth, and by that endangers the Aspera Arteria, and the Lungs, by defluxions, it rots the Teeth, overmuch heats and inflames the Gums, and by that means makes the blood in that part (as we call it) more Rank; it disturbs the faculty of the Stomach, and hastens the Expulsion of the Mass too soon, before the due time of Concoction be over, and with the same haste hurries it out of the bowels before the Chyle is duly concocted, and afterward attracted by the Mesaraick Veins, whence the Body waxes lean, and more feeble: And because the Aliments being over heated, and somewhat mixed with the volatile Salt of Tobacco, they are together carried to all the parts; and than if the Blood, being waxed over hot, be the Parent of the Scurvy, why may not the improper and immoderate use of Tobacco be brought in amongst the List of Causes? especially considering that the use of Tobacco, and the Disease of the Scurvy, are both alike Epidemical.  
By this you may suppose, that Tobacco is not of such universal use as is conjectured, and that it is to be used not wantonly but physically.  
That therefore persons may know whether it be fit for them to use it, they must first consider their Constitutions, whether they be Phlegmatic or Choleric: And for this they may have recourse to the first part of this Book, and to its proper Chapter, to which the Index will direct; for it is only fit for moist, phlegmatic Constitutions, and not for Sanguine, Melancholic and Choleric.  
Secondly, Consider (upon a trial) what Effect it hath upon you, laying no weight upon the ●tracting Rheum to the mouth, for the movie of the Jaw and Mandable will attract moisty to the mouth, the rolling of a pebble Stone, a● many such things that have no Efficacy in the● selves, will procure, by reason of motion moisture in the mouth.  
Thirdly consider, what diseases or distemper you have confirmed, or approaching, for whi● you would use it, with respect to what you h● h●ard above.  
Fourthly, You must respect the Measure Quantity you take, that it be Medically used little at a time, that Nature may not be so ● customed to it, that she may take no notice of ● as hath been mentioned already.  
Fifthly, That it be taken at due Seasons, a● that must be when the Concoction of the Fo● in the Stomach is fully over, which is two ● three hours after Meals, such whose Bodies makes soluble were best to take it in the Mor●ing, but such who are weary by Travel or labour, were best to take it at bedtime▪ For tho● that are troubled with sums rising from benear whether vapours from the Womb, or otherwise, let them take it when the Vapours begin to stir, such who are Dropsical, and offende● with waterish humours, may take it three tim● in a day, in the Morning, two or three hour● after Dinn●●, and at bedtime.  
The sixth thing to be considered, is the manner of taking of it, whether in a Pipe, or b● chewing, as some do, or by snuff as the I ris● do. To resolve this question, forasmuch as th● taking the fume by a Pipe, the Tobacco being fired, and the fire increased by sucking and drawing in the Air; thence is produced an Oil and Volatile Salt of Tobacco, which is descried by its hot and biting tartness upon the Tongue, and more plainly demonstrable by a trivial Experiment. But this Oil and volatile Salt is the same in kind, that is drawn by the Chemical way, whereby this Oil and Salt being pressed out by the fire, and unclothed of its gross body, becomes more hot and fiery than before, it being consented to by all Chemists, that the products of the fire carry with them an Impress of its fiery Atoms, by which these things become more fiery and Caustick, and therefore are not so friendly to the Stomach, this Oil and Salt being with the moisture of the mouth conveyed, or gliding down into the Stomach, is the cause of that variety of Effects that is wont to follow, and it is not to be questioned, but the fume so drawn, and pressed out by the insucked Air does carry with it some portion of this Salt and Oil; even as in Wood, whose smoke sticking to the Chimneys, is called Soot, and by distillation, yielding an Oil and Salt inferior to few: but still these Virtues or Powers are according to the Variety of Concretes, whence by burning this smoke or fume arises, as may be apparent in the soot of Wood, and that of Sea-coal, yet if this Coal be distilled, it yields an Oil and Spirit in a large quantity, and the Oil is endowed with more and greater Virtues than (I believe) most Imagine, yet the soot of these do greatly differ.  
We may therefore observe, that the fire impresses a greater heat upon Tobacco, than did appear to be in it before, wherefore this may be better for hydropical persons, and phlegmatic Constitutions, than for others; and they whose Livers are not overheated, and that which is chewed, is better for others of a hotter temperament.  
But we prefer chewing of Tobacco, before that taken in a Pipe, being not so hot, and having the same Physical Virtues in all respects. Taking it by Snuffing is good for those whose Brains are annoyed with Rheumatismes, and are dull and heavy, to help the Brain, to expel superfluous moisture, and to draw it to the Nostrils, which is the best way to evacuate the Brain.  
But let such who have pains in their head be careful of Snuff, lest by it they are made blind, by forcing the morbific matter to the Optic Nerves, and by that means obstruct the passage of the Visive Spirits to the Eye, and still remembering, that which way soever it be taken, Moderation must still be observed.   

Of the Nature, usefulness and Profit of WINE.  
THat most excellent Liquor which we call Wine, it is the Juice of the Vine, exalted by Fermentation, which ferment it hath in itself. It hath received many and various Names, according to the singular and excellent Virtues it puts forth in the Bodies of men; it is called by Paracelsus, Sanguis Terrae, the Blood of the Earth] in resemblance to the Composition of a Humane Body, for as that part of a humane Body which we call Blood, does far excel the rest, so this excellent Nectar the Juice of the Vine, does far excel all other Vegetable Juices. Quercetanus calls it, Omnium Vegetabilium Princeps, The Prince of all the Vegetables. In holy Writ it hath received the highest Epithets of all inanimate created things: It is called the Wine which cheers the heart of God and Man; and Solomon counsels, To give Wine to him that is of a heavy heart, that he drink and remember his misery no more.  
In sum, it is the most excellent Liquor of all other, created and appointed for the exhilarating and reviving the heart of man; it cheers the heart, enlivens and quickens the vital Spirits, it helps Concoction, Distribution and Nutrition, it wonderfully resists Melancholy and sadness, i● quickens all the Vital and Animal Functions, i● stirs up and restores in a wonderful manne● all the Actions of the Body, it strengthens the natural heat, and opens Obstructions, it quickens the Circulation of the Blood, dissolveth Coagulations, refresheth and warms all the part● of the Body, it quickens the Wit, and procuret● a bold and pleasant behaviour, it greatly increaseth the Vital spirit, and because it is of thin an● sprightly parts, it is of all other the soon snatched into Union with our spirit; and of thi● is made the best and noblest Menstruums useful in Chemical Preparations, (though there may be some more powerful) they not being so fit to be received and entertained into our first Shop, viz. our Stomaches, as this; and also it is not so easy to attain them, as these: And more over, it is not easy to believe how powerful Menstruums may be prepared out of this Excellent Subject, both from itself alone, and b● other adjuncts friendly and homogeneous to ou● Nature. But to speak of it as it is of commo● Use, it wonderfully amendeth the coldness o● Old Age, it maketh a man Courageous in Bod● and Mind.  
These are the excellent Commodities of Wine, but these are to be understood with respect to the due and lawful use of them, not in Drunkenness and Intemperance, for being so used▪ (or rather abused,) nothing can be more hurtful to Body or Mind; for it destroyeth the Life, it weakeneth the Body, dulleth the Understanding, it consoundeth the Memory, enfeebleth and destroyeth the Reason; in sum, it overturneth all the Faculties of Body and Mind; of a wise Man, it makes a Fool; the sharp and pregnant, dull and sottish; it turns a good Nature into a churlish and brutish; good Education into froth and flash; an honest, and naturally virtuous Mind, into a careless, lose and Extravagant, taking neither care for himself nor others; it hastens old Age, over-dryes and consumes the Radical Moisture; it maketh a Civil Man a Bedlam, knowing no difference between himself and others, it weakens the Sinews, induceth the Lethargy, Palsy, Trembling of the Hands.  
And therefore Wine (though a Liquor nearest of kin to our Natures if spirituous and good, yet) the Excess is to be avoided, as hurtful to all the Functions of Body and Mind, and that it be moderately used that distillations, exsiccations drunkenness or Inflammations do not follow.  
For being taken out of due measure, in stead of a help it will prove a ruin, and in stead of a remedy an overthrow.  
But there being divers sorts of Wine, and these sorts varying much, and some being more suitable to one constitution than another, and some to one Age than another; it is very requisite that every man understand the differences of them, and their several qualities, and chief of such Wines as are most common with us  
And as to the Temperatures of Wine, it is generally agreed to, that all Wines are of a hot temperature; but though they agree about the first qualities, yet they agree not about the second, for some will have them of a hot and dry, but others of a hot and moist; but it is not to be questioned, but these Wines differ among themselves, according to the Nature of the Grape, and also according to the Nature of the Soil and Climate where they grow.  
White and Rhenish Wine is most near each other in nature and property, they are of thi● and penetrating substance, they heat and nourish the body less than other Wines, they are quickly concocted, and speedily distributed t● all the parts, they therefore do not annoy the head so much as other Wines, they attenuate and cut gross, thick and clammy humours; provoke Urine, and cleanse the Ureters of Slyme, Gravel and Sand; they cleanse the Blood, and carry off tartarous Filths, open Obstructions of the Spleen, Mesentery; and Mesaraicks, they mitigate pains of the head proceeding from hea● of the Stomach; they procure sleep, comfort the Stomach, help concoction, and moisten the Body; but this is much to be understood with respect to the Constitution, Age, Sex, and State o● Body, and Measure of using, for these Wines are most accommodated for young, hot Constitutions, and corpulent Bodies, hot Seasons of the Year, and such as affect to be Lean and slender, and therefore it may conduce much to ho● and corpulent Bodies to drink White, and especially Rhenish Wine in the Morning fasting; and for cooling and pleasantness to add a little sliced Limon, and to mitigate the acidity, with a little fine Sugar, and this may be repeated with a little before Meals, and chief for them that have hot dry Stomaches, or are subject to Obstructions of the Stomach or Mesaraick Veins, and of the Liver and Reins; for it wonderfully refreshes a hot and dry Stomach, but it is no way good to drink White-wine or Rhenish at Meals, or soon after meals, only it may be allowed to them that are afflicted with much astrictness of the Stomach, for being drunk too soon after Meats, they disturb the Meats, and too much hasten their passage from the Stomach, before they be concocted, and by that means they pass into the Bowels undigested, whence it cometh to pass, that the body doth greatly abound with flatuous Crudity.  
White and Rhenish Wine are very pernicious for such as be Rheumatic and subject to fluxion and distillation of humours to the Lungs, Breast, Joints, or any other parts of the Body, and for lean Constitutions; and therefore let this serve for a Caution to such as be subject to the Gout, or any Rheumatismes, that in stead hereof they drink Milk or Water.  
Claret-wine is in Temperature and Nature very near to these, but of an astringent faculty, which is clearly discovered by the astringent savour thereof; it greatly strengtheneth the Stomach, breedeth good humours, stirreth and quickeneth the Appetite, quencheth Thirst, it greatly helpeth Concoction, exhilarateth the Heart; it is very profitable for them of a hot Constitution, that have hot stomaches, and are young, but it greatly offendeth a moist and cold Constitution that aboundeth with raw and crude humours, and is subject to distillations from the head, and this chief if it be taken immoderately. This Wine is chief to be taken with meat, for than it puts forth and proves profitable in the forerecited properties; and above all this Wine is most hurtful, in regard of the rheumatic Nature of it, the most pernicious to Gouty and rheumatic persons.  
But being with moderation taken at Meals, it is for temperate bodies, (being pure and quick Wine,) not much inferior to the Regal Wines of France, for it rectifieth the Stomach, and comforteth it; it is acceptable to the heart, and breedeth good blood; it is deemed the best of all Wines for Choleric Bodies, and for Phlegmatic the worst. It is not good to drink this Wine between Meals, but in the middle of the Meal take a draught or two, and if you please you may dulcify it with a little Sugar, and this will make it the more acceptable to the Stomach, and comfortable to the Heart; and by observation of these, you may expect a quickening of the spirits, a pleasant Cheerfulness of mind, there being a good Concoction of Meats, consequently a healthful state of Body.  
That high and rich Nectar called by the Name of Sack, (which so richly abounds with that most excellent Vegetable Sulphur, for which cause it is in high estimation with all those Northern parts of the World,) is deemed to be hot in the third degree, and of thin parts, and therefore it doth more vehemently and quickly heat the Body. The over and unseasonable use of this Wine, doth overheat the Liver, exsicccate the radical moisture, inflame the blood, and is hurtful to bodies of a hot and dry temperature, but the moderate use to them to whom it is agreeable, it helpeth the Stomach to digest, furthereth the distribution of the Meats to all the parts of the body, concocteth the crude, and consumeth the Excremental humours; and in sum, it mightily strengtheneth all the powers and faculties of Body and Mind. It is most sit for Old Age, weak Stomaches, cold Constitutions abounding with crude humours, cold Countries, and cold and moist seasons of the year; it is chief to be drunken after meats of a gross substance, and such as consist of an Excrementitious moisture, as Pork-Flesh, Fish, etc.  
And though there is a difference even among Sacks, yet what is spoken of one may indifferently be applied to all; though some commend Sherry-sack as most profitable to the Stomach, to further and help the Concoctions and confirm the Habit of the whole body: and of all Wines they esteem this the best at meals, for the Aged & persons of a cold and phlegmatic Constitution, but yet such as are of a hot, lean and choleric temper and Constitution, must forbear it.  
Canary Sack, so called because it comes from the Canary Islands, differeth from Sherry in Sweetness, as also in Colour and Consistence, it is less Penetrative and more Nutritive. Canary is an excellent Wine to be taken at Meals, for its pleasant taste, refreshing odour, and comforting the Stomach; it is best for cold Constitutions, old bodies, and weakened by labour, it must be cautiously used, for it is a Wine which if liberally taken, it will quickly inflame, and therefore warily to be used by hot and choleric Bodies.  
Malmsey is a Wine in Operation very hot, and being sweet, it nourisheth very much, and therefore it is commended for old, cold and weak and decayed Bodies, but is very hurtful f●r such as be hot, because it is very easily converted into Choler: it is judged by some to kil● Worms, by a certain hidden Property, however it is a very convenient thing to give any Medicine for the kill of Worms, as that by whose sweetness the Worms will be induced t● prey upon the Remedy.  
Muscadel is very much like Malmsey, wherefore in defect of that, this may be used; it is als● an excellent Wine for all old, cold bodies: b● such as are of a hot temperature must forbea● this Wine.  
Bastard is in virtue not much unlike Muskadel, and may be used instead of that, though there is the same Inferiority in this to Muskadel, as in Muskadel to Malmsey, and the ●s● of this is likewise hurtful to hot and youn● bodies.  
Alicant Raspy or Tent, it is made of the Juic● of Mulberries, etc. it is of a gross Nature, notwithstanding it is quickly concocted into blood and is therefore fit for lean and thin bodies▪ whose humours are too fluxible; For person● that are weak, and wasted, and consumed by sicknesses, and that need much nourishment, and that is easy of Concoction, but for gros● bodies, and such as are subject to Obstruction▪ it will quickly prove nauseous and hurtful.  
Wine of Orleans is stronger than any other French Wine, and in taste very pleasant; it is in goodness scarcely inferior to Muskadel, it is hurtful to such as have weak Brains, hot Livers, and such as are of a choleric Constitution: for it doth speedily overheat the Liver, and annoy the head; but there is not a better Wine for cold and phlegmatic Constitutions, and those that have weak Stomaches; for it comforts the Stomach, helps the Concoction, vivifies the Spirit, because it contains a generous heat in itself, and it also furthereth the distribution of the Meats, and through the mediocrity of its substance procureth a good Nutrition, to them that be of a hot and choleric temperature, and also to them that be young, it is very hurtful, but very proprofitable to the phlegmatic and aged persons.  
Greek Wine is of a blackish red colour, and is of a temperate nature, sweeter and hotter than Claret, yet accompanied with a pleasing sharpness, it breedeth good blood, reviveth the Spirits, strengtheneth the Liver, and comfor●eth the Stomach, cheereth the heart, it is most profitable for those that be weak and aged.  
Red Wine is of an astringent faculty, of a sharp austere taste, and it is chief good for Physical uses, to stop fluxes of the Belly, and Choleric Vomitings.  
There are also other French Wines for pleasantness of Taste and Mediocrity of strength, substance, colour and taste, do for most bodies at meat, excel most other wines, which are in use familiar to the Kings and Peers of France; they notably comfort the Stomach, further Concoction, and the Distribution of Meats, and hurt not the head with vaporous fumes, they are very convenient for every Age, Constitution, and Season (and indeed as they are) so they deserv● the name of Regal Wines.  
Also there is a great difference in Wines, by reason of their Age; for wines that are New, are unwholesome, and the more new the more unwholesome, for they being new and unfermented (by which the Sulphur of the wine is set at liberty) they are as yet of gross and Excremental substance, have in themselves little heat: fo● that cause they do not help but much hinder th● Concoction and Distribution, they cause Colic, Torments, and breed Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen and Reins; but in process of tim● these superfluities and rawness, are by Fermentation overcome, and the thick is become thin the dull quick and lively, and that that was heterogeneous to our nature, is become most agreeable to our Constitution.  
Though you are to observe, that all Wine● have not the same time of continuance; for thos● wines that are less rich with sulphurous spirits will not la●t so long as those that are, as White wine, Rhenish and Claret; for these in six o● seven months, according to the smallness of the● attain to the height of their goodness, and d● begin to decline after a year, and lose much ● their goodness, and this is proportionable to th● smallness of them, but those stronger sorts o● wine which abound with a sat Sulphur, as Sack▪ Muskadel, Malmsey, decay not till they be tw● or three years old; for these, by reason of their strong heat do reserve their perfect Vigour, for a long time: and as these wines are unwholesome whilst they are new▪ so are they also if they be too old; for when they have passed four or five years, they are unwholesome, because they overheat much; for they acquire the more heat, the older they are; and in sum, such wines are to be shunned, except only for Medicine, because they altar the bodies overmuch that drink them, and therefore not fit for Aliments; such wines hurt the sinews, hinder procreation, because they dry too much, they disturb the understanding; and because they abound with tart and vehement fumes, they affect the membranes of the Brain with cruel pains. Take heed therefore of wines over-old or over-new, and the Newness of wine is to be considered according to the Nature of the wines, for white and Rhenish wine may be used sooner than those other more fat and sulphur●ous wines; and therefore Galen saith, that Must or New wine, hath no other use but to move the belly: which if it want that faculty, it is to the body extremely ill and hurtful.  
You are to observe five things in exhibiting of wine:  
The first is, That you give it not to Children, for it will not agree to their hot and moist Constitution, they would thereby be overhot, and their heads filled with vapours, whence would follow many Evils.  
The Second is, That it be not given to Youths from fourteen years to twenty five, for wine is very repugnant to them, because it doth out of measure heat their hot and fiery Natures, i● would stir them up to enormous and Evil Action.  
The third is, That it be very moderately given to young men, as for instance, from Twenty five to Thirty five; for otherwise it will dispose them to wrath and unlawful desires, du● the Wit, and destroy the Memory.  
The Fourth is, That it may be given more liberally to men in their Manhood, as fro● Thirty five, to Fifty years of Age: But whe● they are passed Forty years, they may begin t● drink and refresh themselves with wine, with th● proceeding Caution of Moderation, and especially if they be not of a hot Constitution; but if so let them abstain from the hotter sort of Wines and above all from the often use of them; fo● the head and sinews will be much offended by them.  
The fifth is, that it be given with more liberality to old men, and these may drink the stronger sort of Wines, and this chief whe● they are in the latter part of old Age, as fro● Sixty to the end of Life.  
There accrue four excellent Commodities by using moderately pure Wine:  
The first is, because it greatly correcteth the Coldness of Old Age, and produceth a bette● temperament of heat, and increase of heat.  
The second is, because it expelleth Fatness, an● resisteth Melancholy.  
The third is, it makes them in old Age slee● well, which is many times wanting by reaso● of the drieness of the Brain, and fewness of Vapours.  
The fourth is, because it removeth Obstructions, and cheereth their Old Age, and preserveth their humidum radical.  
These Wines, specially the Canary, Rhenish, and White, are of excellent use, when they are made Medicinales, by the admixtion of such things as are appropriate to any distemper, as Wormwood-wine for the Stomach, Betony or Rosemary-wine for the Head, or other Cephalick things, according as the Distemper of the sick shall indicate, as Viper-wine for malignant Diseases, or opening Obstructions. And in like manner, wine may be made Medicinable for all the parts of the body, and here I shall give you an excellent Medicinal Wine.  
Take the Roots of Angelica, one ounce; Sassafras half an ounce; Mace one dram; the flowers of Rosemary, Bettony, Cowslip, borage, Bugloss, of each two dams, Saffron a pennyweight; tops of Tamarisk one handful, Roman Wormwood two dams. Put these into two quarts of White or Rhenish Wine, the Roots being first bruised, and all tied up in a fine Rag, and after they have stood two days, five or six Spoonfuls may be taken for pains in the Head, Stomach or Back, pains or stitches in the Sides, pains of the Liver, or Obstructions of the Spleen: And this may be taken Morning and Evening; it is also good against the Scurvy, and al● feminine Obstructions.   

Of the STONE.  
IT oftentimes happens that our Body's ar● even a Quarry of Stones, but not such a● might make to the building of the Aedifice● or structure of the Fabric of our Body, b● rather to the ruin of the whole; for there is n● part of our Body wherein Stones may not b● generated; for they are generated in the Head▪ Tongue, Lungs, Heart, Stomach, Liver, Bladde of Gall, Spleen, Intestines, M●sentery an● Womb; but when they are called Stones; pe● Autonomasiam & Catexochen, they are the● to be understood to be begotten in the Reins ● Bladder, because they are more frequently generated in these parts: If the Stone besieges th● Bladder, that is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, but i● the Reins do labour with the Stone, it is calle● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 N●phritis.  
The Stone is defined thus: It is a solid an● hard body grown together into the form of ● Stone, for the most part in the Reins and Bladder, affecting them with a Nummeness, fro● an Earthy and salted humour, bringing Obstructions and Distension. The material Cause of th● Stone (rejecting the Opinion of the Ancient● concerning the heat exsiccating, indurating an● converting the gross and viscid matter into ● Stone) is supposed to be a Stonifying Juice▪ viz. An Earthy matter mixed with a Saltish, in an equal proportion; but the Efficient Cause to be a Stonifying Spirit placed in that Juice; we draw in this Stonifying Juice with the Aliment which is found every where in all the Earth: And so, if by reason of the debility of the Concoctive and Expulsive Faculty, or because of the abundance of that Juice, all cannot be separated in the Stomach, and expelled from thence, but it then passes by the Ductum Thoracicum together with the Chyle to the heart, and thence with the blood is carried into the Aorta, and at length is driven by the emulgent Artery into the Reins, where it sticks to those extreme small branches of the Artery, or in the fleshy parts joined to them, and being hurried continually by the arrival of the blood in that place, by little and little puts on the form of Gravel, which (if the sense of the Reins be stirred up with the roughness of them) it expelleth the Sands leisurely with a serous humour; but if the Gravel be generated in the Reins that be weak, and there be perceived a dull sense in them, and they are retained till they are united together, they then grow into Stones, which at length by a more forceable stirring of Nature, it stirs up the Excretion of them; and in the same manner is to be understood the generation of the Stone in the Bladder; for if the temperature of the Bladder be not as it ought, the Urine (which should come out clear, exactly mixed with all its parts) passeth forth muddy and troubled, and the Earthy and Tartarous parts, being not exactly mixed with the watery, settleth to the bottom of the Bladder, and there by an innate power tend● to Coagulation, and so passes together into ● Stone.  
The antecedent Causes of the Stone, are, (beside the dull and stupid sense of the affecte● parts) much Cramming and Crudity, unseasonable motion of the body after meat, all Meat● which are gross, and afford but a small Juice, unripe and austere wines, black, thick and swee● wines, but most of all, musty, new, thick an● muddy Beer, also continual Riding, Leaping and all motion which is made by the Back, th● immoderate use of Venus: To this place belong Hereditary disposition to the Stone; but th● reason of that Stonifying augmentation in th● Reins of some, but of others in the Bladder, i● the strength or weakness of those parts, by whic● the more weak Reins do fall more easily into this Distemper of the Stone; for which caus● those parts that are more strong, are most afflicted with the Stone of the Bladder, and is mor● frequent to Boys, but Old men do mostly labour with the Stone of the Reins.  
These be the Signs of the Stone in the Reins▪ First, A fixed pain about the Loins: Secondly, For the most part the Urine is crude, thin an● waterish, by reason of Obstruction, sometimes bloody, when the Stone gins to move itself, and dilates the passages and Pipes of the Processes, breaking the flesh: Thirdly, A dulness, strait down the Legs: Fourthly, A pain in the Testicles on that side in which the Stone is, and the drawing or Retraction of it upward: Fifthly, Nauseousness to such a Subversion that they loathe all meat, and being received in, they presently belch it out.  
These be the proper signs of the Stone in the Bladder: First, A frequent pissing, so that at length he come almost to piss continually, that he can scarcely forbear pissing: Secondly, A suppression of Urine, the Stone beating of it back: Thirdly, A Tenesmus, which comes by the consent th●t the Anus hath with the Neck of the Bladder: Fourthly, A pain afflicting in some the whole Ductum Pudendi, and in some only the Glans, and that most cruel toward the end of pissing, when the Stone is stirred by the course of the Urine, and as it were presses the Sphincter Muscle with greater violence: Fifthly, There is a frequent erection and itching of the privy part: Sixthly, A sandy substance in the Urine; and by that word Sandy understand a gross thick Gravel, to which there is mixed a fat Earth; this is that Clay-like Earth that sticks so stiffly to the bottom of the Chamber-pot like snot.  
For to preserve from the Stone and Gout, the use of Rhubarb, through the whole year, is judged convenient, at least to be taken thrice in a month, from two scruples to a dram at a time, either by swallowing without the mixing any other thing with it, or by mixing it with Sugar of Rosis: The continual use of Sugar of Rosis, some do approve above all others, in preserving from the Stone, there is scarcely any thing that may conduce more to the preservation from the Stone, and without any hurt or trouble helping all the parts of the body, but chief the Kidneys: this wholesome help is temperate, and that if the Reins be made larger, t● a convenient state of Nature itself, that it ma● draw or cast forth those stones, but if they b● full and obstructed, than it abstergeth, if the● be hot it cools; it cleanseth the Stomach fro● all Excrements, above all others, and strengtheneth it, it driveth away all distillations; therefore it is greatly approved, if it be taken eve● day in the Morning one hour before Dinner, als● if it be taken twice or thrice in a month, fro● one Scruple to half a Dram.   

Of the Disease of the SPLEEN.  
THE Spleen, which is a certain Cook-room made for the receiving of the earthy an● muddy part of the blood, that at length bein● there fermented and exalted, it may pass in● a Ferment, as in favour of heat to the blood, again to be dispersed abroad.  
This Spleen is infested with many diseases such as these, Obstruction, a Tumour distending the part, a Scirrhus, Pain, Inflammation, ● Wound, an Ulcer, etc. It frequently laboure● with an Obstruction, and that from the sam● Causes which we have proposed in the obstruction of the Liver; it is known by a weight an● resistance in the left Hypochondria with a certain pain, and chief after long walking, in length of time there is perceived a livid colour of th● Face, and there appears other tokens of Melancholy prevailing.  
A Scirrhus is a hard Tumour of the Spleen, having its rise from an indurated gross humour, it hath the same Cause with a Scirrhus in the Liver, and both have the same diagnostic signs, save only in the Scirrhus of the Spleen the hardness and resistance is perceived in the left Hypochondria. Sometimes a pain afflicts the Spleen without hardness, and that rises from a flatus, which distendeth not only the substance of the Spleen, which is almost without sense, but also the encompassing Membrane itself.  
It is distinguished from the pain of the Colic by this, that it is more grievous and fixed only in a place. An Inflammation of the Spleen, is of the same nature with an Inflammation of the Liver, it differs only in this, that this is very seldom from pure blood, but most frequently from gross and melancholy blood, and it hath the same Cause, as well the Adjunct as the Antecedent.  
The Signs are a Tumour and hardness in the left Hypochondria, stretched forth to the Diaphragma and Shoulder; also there's a pain and pulsation in the same Hypochondria, a continual Fever, a loathing of Meat, a thirst, a small blackness of the Tongue; they are most troubled lying upon their right side, because of the weight of the Bowels lying upon the Stomach, and sometimes also the left if the Tumour be great; and sometimes this Tumour is of the figure and form of the Spleen, and sometimes it filleth the whole left Hypochondria, and sometimes it appears below the Navel, the multiplied matter occupying the neighbouring parts, and especially the Navel.   

A TENESMUS.  
A Tenesmus is a continual, cruel, eager desire to go to Stool, but in vain; for that they can discharge nothing from them, or little o● no Excrements come away: Nevertheless they ought to cast forth something, and when they have, they are stirred up with new desires to go to Stool, although by endeavour they ca● do nothing. The part affected in this Evil, i● the Extremity of the right Gut; the Cause is any thing that stirs up the Expulsive Faculty of the right Gut, as an Exulceration of the righ● Gut, from a Dysentery, or from a sharp, biting and salt humour sticking to a Tumour of the neighbouring parts, also a Stone sticking in the neck of the bladder, also a cold intemperature of the part, contracted from sitting upon a col● Stone, or long stay in the Water.   

Of the DYSURIE.  
THE Dysurie is a difficulty of Pissing, o● an Excretion of Urine with great pain and torment, it differs from the Strangury by a manifest Effect: That in the Strangury or dropping of the Urine, the bladder doth not tarry till the whole Urine be gathered together, but expels it as it were presently, with pain; but it stays in the Dysurie, and truly continues longer than is meet, but when it is discharged, the Sick perceives a pain, and such difficulty, that oftentimes (unless he press the place of the Bladder with the hand, or he use great endeavour,) the Urine flows not freely.  
Moreover, in the Strangury it is neither restrained nor liberal, for it is made by drops; but in the Dysurie it is liberal, but not restrained; or if it be not made freely, it is wholly restrained: The Cause is either in the Urine, or in the Neck of the Bladder; in the Urine, when it passes forth more sharp, by reason of a more hot Diet, or by the mixtion of sharp and acrid humour, as Bile and salt Phlegm, or of Pus flowing out of an Abcessus being broke; or if there be an Exulceration or Inflammation in the neck of the Bladder, which maketh the Urine passing that way sharp. By the Name of a Dysurie is sometimes understood, that which is called the Heat of Urine, for there are the same Causes in both.   

Of the STRANGURY.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, (from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Gutta, a Drop, and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Vrina, Urine,) it is an Excretion of Urine made by drops, either with or without pain, and a continual desire to make water. The Cause of this affect is sharp humours, the Stone, an Inflammation of the right Gut, or of the Womb, and also Pus scent from the Reins o● Bladder, all which produces this affect, by stirring up the Expulsive Faculty of the Bladder, by reason of the Sphincter Muscle. The External Causes are, the drinking of Wine, or feculent Beer, eating of crude Aliments, as Pease, Beans, etc. And this Diseas● is sometimes mixed with the Ischury and Dysury.    

CHAP. XIV.  
The Leves Venerea.  
Leaves Venerea hath obtained variety of names, the Neapolitan Disease, Malum Indicum, the Indian Evil, Morbus Italicus, the Italian Disease, and by Fracastorius Siphilis Pudendagra, the Great POX, but in common Morbus Gallicus, the French POX, a name by which it is as well known as any, it may aptly be called Flagellum Dei Irati, the stroke of a Provoked God: It is defined thus, The POX is an occult and contagious Disease of the whole substance of the Body, bewraying itself by Pustles, Marks, Ulcers, Torments and Pains; the Efficient cause is an occult and venomous Quality contracted by contagion and touch, and sticking in a certain Humour, as the subject; but this pernicious spot, although it spread itself abroad by various ways, yet it is mostly propagate into Mankind by a Venereal Copulation; and this Evil being sowed, the cruel Symptoms bud through the whole Body, the Mind is sad, the Body is weary and heavy, the Face pale, Pustles breaking forth chief about the Forehead, and then over the whole Body, there's felt a wand'ring and vehement pain now in the Head, anon in the Muscles, and by and by in the Joints, and chief molesting in the night, bewraying itself by a stinking and foeted Gonorrhoea, Ulcers and Bubo's arise about the Privy-parts, there also happen naughty Distillations, which do Erode one while the Palate, another ●hile the Uuula, and sometimes the Jaws and Almonds, sometimes consume the Lips, in some the Nose, in others the Eyes, and in some the whole Privy-parts are consumed, and all the Members do languish, there is no desire to Meat, no sleep but sadness, and a continual disposition to anger.  
Some time they are accompanied with a small Fever, there happens a shedding of the Hair, a falling out of the Teeth, and when the Malida becomes very inveterate there are Cancerous Calous, Fistula's, Ulcers and Tophies, viz. in various parts of the Body a Caries or Rottenness of the Bones, and first in the Cranium, then in the Palate and Nose, a Hectic Fever, a Consumption, Cachexia, or an evil habit or disposition of the whole Body, Falling-Sickness, Deafness, Blindness, Exastocis, or bunching out of the Bones, and these are done in a double manner, either by the adhesion of the gross or viscide matter fixed or fastened to the Bones, or in the manner of an Excrescence of the Bone from the Interno meditullium, or inner part of the Bone; for although the Bone by his own Nature is hard, yet it is Extendet, and increased by the power of the venom.  
These are the Signs and Symptoms by which you may know this horrid Disease, and come to a Judgement whether you be infected, yet for your better Information (and that because all these Symptoms are hardly, if ever, found in any one person, and if they should, that person may justly doubt of his Cure) we shall give you a more particular descition of it. Physicians have given many differences of this Disease: Brusanola hath given 234. Differences, but many of them are useless and unprofitable, the more useful are brought under the Number of Three or Four.  
1. Differ. In former time it was observed by Physicians, That upon an Impure Copulation there immediately followed Gallical Symptoms, sometimes they grew a little remiss, and shortly after departed without means, but sometimes there followed most grievous Symptoms, and those very stubborn and hard to be Cured.  
2. Differ. The second Difference is fetched from the Cause and manner of the Contagion where the Leves Venerea is hereditary, and was derived from the Parents into the Issue, with the Seed and Blood; but now having a Being in the World by an Impure Copulation, it is communicated by Kisses, Pocky Nurses, Garments, pulling on of Gloves, and such like things.  
3. Differ. The third Difference is taken from the Signs and Symptoms eminently following, as Buboes, Gonorrhoea, falling of the Hair, pains of the Joints; for neither the Symptoms and Signs which do follow, and are new, are not the same in all. Eustachius tells us he had observed many Young Men to have lain with one and the same Whore in one and the same day, and nevertheless one hath had a Gonorrhoea, another the falling of the Hair, another a Bubo, another a Caries, another a pain of the Head, another preternatural Effect, and all this hath happened by reason of the various disposition of Bodies, and debility of the parts, and variety of Humours; for the weak parts do more easily take to themselves the evil & viscious Humours, than the stronger one hath a more purer Body, another a more impure, and which being corrupted with the veneral quality, do stir up other, and other Diseases and Symptoms, according to variety of Diseases and Symptoms, which sometimes are joined and complicated together, do enumerate fewer or more Differences.  
4. Differ. The Fourth Difference is taken from the time, as this Leves is one while new, and another while old, some in the beginning, some in the augmentation, some in the state, and some in the declination, from which there ariseth Four Degrees of this Disease from the Defferences, the time, the variety of concomitant Symptoms.  
1. The first Degree is most light, when only the Hairs of the Beard and Head by little and little, without any hurt of the Body, fall off.  
2. The other Degree is worse, when the whole Skin is besprinkled with many marks or spots, and Extuberations, and these Symptoms in the form of Lentils, sometimes much more large, sometimes visciated with a redness, and sometimes with a Yellowness.  
3. The third is more heavy, not only when the marks or spots, but also there breaks forth Pustles and Hillocks at the first about the Temples and forehead, behind the Ears, and then every where in the Head, but at length over the whole Body.  
4. But the fourth Degree of this Leves Venerea is when it invadeth the solid parts, the Ligaments, the Bones, Membranes, and Nerves, and corrupteth them, in which many Gross, Glutinous, and Malignant Excraments are gathered, which when they abide about the Tendon or Periostium, they pull the Membrane, and drive it from the Bones; they are wont to stir up most implacable pains, increasing within night, from which Excrements there grows by little and little Tophies with grievons pains Adequate, to the hardness of the Bones, which if it be in the Bones, they are so enlarged and extended, that often times the Bones are not only made of a monstrous Figure and Magnitude, but only that a Crimonious Malignity doth by little and little eat out the Bone, and with a Caries consumeth the Bones; of which more ln the Diagnostic part.   

CHAP. XV. The Diagnostic Signs.  
THough we have given you before the Signs and Symptoms of the Leves Venerea, yet that every one infected with it, may not only know that he hath it, but may determine to what Degree and Dominion this Tyrant hath attained over his Vassals: We have comprehended the Symptoms proper to every of the forementioned Degrees under Three Heads or Squadrons, and under the first you have the Symptoms that assault from the beginning, and do bewray the Disease in its first approach.  
They which eaten first taken with this Disease, (presently they perceive a lassitude and heaviness in the whole body, and sometimes a dullness after sleep; there is a vehiment and wand'ring pain which he perceives now in the Head, anon in the Joints, and then in the Muscles, and this pain is more in the night than any part of the day.  
The florid Colour of the Face is changed, and there appears a Livid Circle under their Eyes; they are sad and fearful, which before were jokant and merry, and that without any other cause: And if this Disease be contracted by Copulation, and hath not yet taken the Liver, but as yet sticketh in the Pudendum, than the beginning Leves Venerea bewrayeth itself by a Gonorrhoea, Ulcers and Bubo in the Pudendum, and when that Malignant Vapour is Communicated to the Testacles and Vessels of Generation, the Seed is corrupted, and the Generation of the Seed in the Genital Vessels is depraved, whence for good Seed there is Generated a stinking and corrupt Humour, which doth stir up the natural Excresion, whence also a Veneral Gonorrhoea bewrays itself, because in this Galica it is joined with great ardour, and also pain, and sometimes with an inflammation of the Testacles, and Veins of the Vessels carrying Seed; the matter which is purged is far differing from Seed, viz. Yellow, Green, sharp, and Eroding the Glandula; there also appears in the Pudendo Pustles of the bigness of the Grains of Millet, sometimes it compasseth the whole Crown, and where they break forth, there is left white Ulcers, in which the Disease increasing, they grew deep and Calous of a various Colour, adjoined with pains.  
Thirdly, also Buboes in this Disease do bewray themselves; for the seminal Vessels are infected with the impurity very easily, which when it hath, it arises from a vena longa ab ipso hepate, it doth communicate that verjulentsy very easily to the Liver, and repeleth the same by the same from itself, whence Buboes, as also Gonorrhoea are stirred up, and these two Effects are complicated and joined together, and are certain Signs of the Leves Venerea, and if the one be wanting, the other remains good; but if this Leves be contracted without the Venereal congress, as truly if it be taken by Kisses, there is Ulcers about the Mouth, if from sucking of an infected Infant there is about the Breast Inflammations, Pustles and Chaps, if from Vestments and common Bedfellowship then there is Pustles every where dispersed in the Skin; and so you have the Signs of a beginning POX, or Leves Venerea.   

CHAP. XVI. Here followeth the Signs of the Increasing Pox.  
BUt if this evil be now increased, and waxeth stronger, and this verulentsy be communicated to the Liver, and from hence the Nutrition in the whole Body is depraved, and all the Symptoms of this Disease enumerated in the History of this Disease do show themselves, which truly though they do not afford every one single, and inseparable, proper Sign of this Disease by itself; yet if they are taken contained, and the peculiar Condition diligently considered, this Evil is made very clear; for there is scarce any Disease in which there is the Syndrome of all, so there be many so proper to the Leves Venerea that they are not found in the same manner in any other Disease, as Buboes, which are perceived sometimes in the beginning, sometimes in the increase of this Leves, for which cause they may be discerned from other Buboes in the manner declared in the first place, the crusty Scabs be the Indiciums' or Signs of this Disease; and sometimes being apparent in the Forehead and Head, resembling the Horns of a Ram, in which there is contained a sanies matter, sometimes nothing, and they appear in the Face, Head and Beard, and in the whole Body, but first about the Pubem or Coxas, or Hippolito, if they be joined with a Tumour, and sticking first to fleshy parts and Bones, especially in the Head, Forehead, in the forepart of the Chin, they are the most certain Signs of the Leves Venerea; for the Venereous matter in the gross Humour hath a Coroding and a Dolorifick verulentsy joined with it, such as is not in other Tumours, which do arise from a gross matter; for although Ulcers do oftentimes happen to arise in other Diseases, yet if they are stirred up first in the Yard, and chief in the Preputium, and about the Glandula, and near the end of the Yard, and also in the palate or Tonsils, and what is cast forth is putrid and stinking, and there was before no inflammation of the part, nor no Signs of the Scurvy, but Signs of the Morbus Gallicus; the Hairs of the Head do first fall, than the Hairs of the Beard, and after that the Hairs of the Eyebrows, and then that there is perceived Ulcerous Pustles, and sordid Scabs, this is a certain Sign of the Morbus Gallicus; also in the same manner Rhagades and Clefts in the Palms of the Hands, and Souls of the Feet, having no other precedent Cause, are undoubted Signs of the Leves Venerea, and so these Warts sometimes depressed and broad, and sometimes large; and these Excrementiae, which they call Figs, Condylomata and Crusted, if perceived in the Privy-parts, or in Ano. Certainly this doth sufficiently discover this Disease; and although pains of the Head do happen in many other Diseases, yet if litele Hillocks and Gummy do approach the Skin, if there be a Gonorrhoea, and it be suppressed, and there hath been a Bubo, these be sufficient certain Signs of the Disease; also pains in other parts of the Body; for if pains are not in those Joints, but in that Region which is in the middle part of the Bones, and near the Joints, as in the forepart of the Shin, or in the Shoulder-bone, between the Head and the Joint of the Elbow, and these be most intent and sharp, and do wax sharp about the Evening, and in the night, these also are certain Signs of this Disease; also that Distillation which is familiar to this Disease, by which much Phlegmatic and waterish Excrements are cast forth by the Mouth and Nose, by which the part by which they pass are exulcerated; but first of all that Gallical Gonorrhoea is the chief and certain Sign of the Disease.   

CHAP. XVII.  
Signs of an inveterate Leves Venerea.  
THirdly, if the Evil be inveterate there may occur also the Symptoms of the Disease of every Kind, as Callous, Fistula's, and Cancerous Ulcers, Tophies in various parts of the Body, Caries of the Bones in the Shins, Arms, but chief in the Crannium or Skull, in the Bone of the Palate and Nose, a Hectic Fever, Pthisick, Cachexia, Falling-sickness, the falling of the Teeth, Deafness, Blindness: To the truth of these things the Histeriographal part doth abundantly witness, as to what concerns the Differences, Verulentsy, although the formal reason of it is known, which is known from the Effects; for sometimes more, sometimes fewer parts are infected; sometimes the Contagion has a greater power of acting, sometimes a less.  
And thus we have run over the Signs and Symptoms of the Leves Venerea with as much brevity as a matter of such importance would admit, and with so much clearness, that there is not any person of the meanest Capacity, but may from this discovery discern whether he or she be infected with this Distemper, and in time make out for Cure, you may here as in a Glass discover the least approach of this Disease in yourselves or Relations, and by that prevent a great deal of shame and misery to yourselves, Relations and Families, and prolong your own Lives: You have here stated the Essence, Nature, Signs, Symptoms, Concomitants, and Effects of this direful Disease, with its occult Quality, how it is contracted, and that is always by Contagion in its first Rise, though from thence may, and often is hereditary with all its Diagnostic Signs.  
We omit the Prognostic Sign, so called by Physicians, because by them they do determine whether persons be Curable or not, and foretell the Effect that is like to occur according to the Concomitant Signs; because,  
First it would extend this Work beyond its design, being chief to acquaint how every person might come to a certain Knowledge of their own Disease. And,  
Secondly, we cannot suppose without a Delirium in our own Brain, that any person that is infected with so Hostile and Formidable an Enemy as this is, and a Domestic one too, would (being in his right Wits) neglect his Cure, and not immediately seek out for it.  
Thirdly, some upon Examination finding the Disease deeply rooted, the Symptoms great, the Tyrant highly insulting over him, might despair of Cure when it may be had, and so through mistake, and too much timerity run themselves upon ruin.  
Fourthly, some who having but a lighter Touch or Infection might slight it, and think it nothing, as we have known many of this sort, and so go on, neglecting their own Cure, until they ruin themselves, and their Relations (if they have any) whereas there are but few, or rarely any, but may be Cured, and of whom we ourselves have Cured many, and some too that have not hindered the least business, and have been under almost any restraint (Venery only excepted) and (their Relations being infected) we have Cured them, though to this day they know not what they ailed; the Arcana's we use are such, viz. of that Power and Energy, that they Cure Cito tuto & Jucunde, which is as much as any Person can desire, small in Dose, and very easy to be taken, and may be conveyed (by reason they are small in bulk) to any place, and the Rules so plain and easy, that they may be observed without the least difficulty, the Cure so certain, that one in a Thousand almost need not despair of Cure, if they will be observant; for it is to be understood, that though many may be Cured wlth rhat facility as is hinted, yet all may not without being a little more observant in Rules somewhat more strict, and were it so, we have conveniency for any that will commit themselves to a more strict observation, for privacy and certainty of Cure in Cases more than ordinary; and this is worth your observation, which though as you have heard the Symptoms of this Disease are numerous, and appear with a dreadful Aspect, in foul Ulcers, sordid and stinking Sores, filthy and noisome Scabs, a ghastly Countenance, lamentable complaints of dolorous pain, as you have abundantly heard, in so much that they might almost have this Motto written upon them, (Mortuus est) yet by the Blessing of God. we have conquered these sworms of Adversaries, healed and dried up the Ulcers, caused the Scabs to fall off like Leaves in Autumn, renewed the native heat, restored the Countenance to its former Floridity, Cured the Hectic, dismissed the Consumption, and in some made him a new Man, (as to his body) or so repaired the old, that there hath in many to this very day not appeared the least sign of the approaching ruin, to their great satisfaction, happens of themselves and Families, and though they have had Issue, yet these Offsprings are sound, strong, and enjoy perfect health, without the least Token of an hereditary communication of the paternal spot, and in all the marks or concomitants of perfect freedom from such things, there appears to be no difference from them and others, of whom there was never no cause of Jealousy; nay, and less than of some who are born of Scorbutic Parents, or others annoyed with milder and gentler Diseases.  
The reason of this Allegation is, because some doubt whether there be any certain Cure for Persons, once infected with the POX, because some, who either because they would not be Regular, and have fallen into the hands of some bad and inexpert persons have failed of their Cure, or have been made worse, or have paliated their disease, have taken on them the Physiognomy of other Diseases, and Masked themselves under the Vizard of the Scurvy and Gout, to whom they are much obliged for this disguise; for the certainty of our Cure, in this, as well as in many others, we could give you many Instances of persons by Name, Place of Habitation, with Sex and Age of all sorts, and these performed in Fourteen days upon infants, who cannot observe Rule, and who went any whither, and did any thing but our own conveniensy, trust by many committed to us, and love to our Neighbour must prohibit our Pen.  
And so much may suffice for the description of this Disease, as to what concerns the Cure, it cannot be expected that we shall say any thing of that, for that would not answer the end proposed, and it would be useless; because they may have the Medicines that will certainly Cure of the Author, and at the place specified in the Title Page, with plain Directions, so that they may be used in any Country, and distance from us whatsoever.   

CHAP. XVIII. Of the Gonorrhoea.  
THe Gonorrhoea, a Brat of this Brood, (for the most part) and though it be enumerated among the Symptoms of the Leves, yet as ●o its distinct Knowledge, and some other necessary Circumstances belonging, it will be convenient to let you know, that though a Gonorrhoea may arise from another Cause, yet it is rare to meet with a Gonorrhoea that is not a Symptom of the Leves Venerea, or contracted by a foul Copulation; we speak now as we have found in our Practice; a Gonorrhoea is a running, or rather a dropping out of the urinary passage, of a Yellowish Livid, Bloody, Filthy, Sanies, like to puss, or matter not well Concocted, oftentimes fretting and exulcerating the passage with the Acrimony, and causing a painful erection of the Yard, and distension of all the Genital parts; for in this Erection there is caused, as it were, a convulsive Contraction of these parts, and hence it is, that the Patients complain, that they feel, as it were, a String stretched stiff in that part which draws the Yard as it were downwards, the cause thereof is a gross and flatulent Spirit, filling and distending by its plenty the whole Channel or hollow Nerve, yea the whole porous substance of the Yard, if to these Symptoms this be added, that the urinary passage is exulcerated a grievous pain, afflicts the Patient while he makes Water, for that the Ulcers are irritated by the sharp Urine passing that way; for it is a viscious and acrid filth, which hath acquired a venenant malignity by the corruption of the whole Substance.  
This description is sufficient for any person to come to a Judgement of himself, upon suspicion of himself he may come to a conclusion in the affirmative, that if some of these Symptoms be present, though they are not all, nor to the utmost Degree, and especially if he hath been dabbling; he may conclude in the affirmative, that he hath a virulent Gonorrhoea, and by this be admonished to look out for Cure, which we have with our remedies performed in Six or Eight days to their great satisfaction; we have something to be considered as to the Female Sex, and some distinguishing Signs by which they might be able to judge of themselves, whether they have a Gonorrhoea, for as much as they are attended sometimes with weakness proper to their Sex, only called Fluor albus. We have met with many that have had a foul corrupt Gonorrhoea, and have thought it only the weakness now named, and so have born it to the hazard of their Lives, and by which many others have been ruined: But by reason this Book may happen into the hands of some less modest, and our modest Veneration of that Sex forbids any more than this hint; but if any be surprised, as too many are in these days, and they desire our advice, they shall receive a modest Information of particulars according to the Nature of the thing, and Cure, if Curable, as it is not to be doubted, and so much we thought convenient to add concerning a distinct description of a Gonorrhoea.   

CHAP. XIX. The description of the Dropfie  
THe Dropsy in the Greek is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, in Latin aqua-intercus, as to its species is described to be a Tumour of the Belly, and of these there be Three sorts, which have their several Appellations, viz. Ascites, Tympanites, & Anasarca; that which is called Ascites may swell the whole Belly, even as a Bottle, and therefore is called the Bottle-Bellyed-Dropsie, the principal species is, it is a swelling of the Belly, having its rise from a waterish and serous Humour, Collected in the capacity of the Abdomen; and sometimes there is concomitant a Tumour of the Thighs, Feet and Privy parts, the nearest cause of this effect is a waterish and serous Humour collected in the Abdomen, together with the vice of the part containing the Humour? the Liver is not always in the fault, as Anotomical Inspection of Hydropilal persons doth testify; much less is the Spleen always to be blamed; but the Vasia Lymphatica being of late more clearly discovered, it is from the obstruction of these that the Water is poured into the Cavety of the Abdomen, by which they are obstructed and stopped with any viscid and gross Humour. The serous Humour which otherwise is wont to be carried to the receptacle of the Chyle is forced to take its Journey another way, and being beaten back whence it came, it makes the part to swell, which for that cause is elevated with a Copidness, which being over much burdened, at last they break, and so the Serum flows very easily to the Abdomen.  
Or the Dropsy may happen from the Liver, being evilly affected, and when it labourerh with a Scirrhus' obstruction or inflammation, and so also a Dropsy happens from a great wait of the Bowels, the thin small Coats of Lymphatical Vessels being easily broke, as also from the Reins b●ing obstructed, the Bladder hurt, the Womb being easily effected, the Dropsy may sometimes follow, the Water is oftentimes in the Cavity of the Abdomen, and sometimes it is received into little Bladders of a various Magnitude.  
The second description of a Dropsy is Tympanites or a Tympany, receiving its Name from a Drum, for the Belly being extended with Wind, if it be struck with the hand, it gives a sound resembling that of a Drum, it is also Hydrops si●●is a dry Dropsy, in this the Abdomen swelleth from a Flatus shut up in the capacity or hollowness of the Belly, oftentimes also the Intestines in this Affect is perceived to be distended from Wind shut up in them; but there is very seldom a Flatus to be found, but there is also a Water mixed with it.  
And oftentimes Winds are Generated between the Coat of the Intestines, and Messentery, or from a debilitated Heat, or from the same too much scorched drawing its own parts into a consent with the crude and gross chill.  
Lastly Anasarca, which is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and hath a certain Affinity with a Cachexia, and it is an equal Excrement preternatural of the whole Mass of the Body, arising from the visciousness of Aliment, the cause is a Waterish Humour spread over the whole Body, produced from a debility and intemperature of the whole Bowels, by reason of which instead of good Blood there is generated a Crude and Phlegmatic, whence it cannot agglutinate sufficiently, a naughty nutrement necessarily follows. Others allege the obstruction of the Lymphatical Vessels, by reason of which the serous Humour cannot be separated from the parts.  
These be the Signs of an Ascites, a swelling of the Belly, Feet, and oftentimes of the Privy parts: The sick being rolled from one side to the other, there is observed the sound of a fluctuating Water, the Urine is little and thick, and sometimes Red; they have a great Thirst, a dry Cough, a difficult Respiration, and an Extenuation of all the other parts, and also a Febris lenta & continuenta.  
In the Tympany the Belly being struck, it sends forth the sound of a Drum, the bulk of the Abdomen is not so painful as in Ascites, but the Inflammation is greater, Pains and Torments go before, or precede, especially about the Navel, and the Side; the Sick lying upon his Face, the Belly remains distened and hard, when the Sick turns himself, and is roul'd to either side, belching and noise doth frequently break forth, there is heard Murmur and Grumble.  
In the Anasarca not only the whole Belly, but the Legs, Shins, also the Hands, Arms, Breast, Face, and whole Body does swell, and the Fingers being pressed into the Flesh, they leave the Marks and Footsteps of their Impression, and with these there Frequently follows a Pale and Cadaverous Colour of the Skin, the Flesh soft and loss, the Urine thin and White, the Respiration difficult, a continual and small Fever.   

CHAP. XX. The hypocondriac, Affection or Melancholy.  
THis Affection hath received this name from the place Affected, the Barbarians do call it Mirachialis, and others according to the Authority of Hypocrates, a flatulent or Windy affect, it is described to be a Phlegmatic and Choleric foulness, or the filth of Atra-bilious Humour, gathered first of all in the Branches of the vena porta, Celeack Arteries and Messenteries by reason of the Spleen, and these too without putrefaction, from which the Humours savouring of the nature of these do stir up many and various Symptoms, such as these, Crudity and Rawness of the Stomach, a windy roaring of the Belly; sour Belching, much Spittle, Phlegmatic Vomitings, pains of the Heart, or Heart-aking, binding of the Belly, Costiveness, an inflamed Heat of the Hypocondries, which sometimes follows this Malady; as also a Redness of the whole Face, occasioned from ascending Humours, the Urine sometimes thin sometimes thick and Red, a Distentio Hypochondriorum, and frequently a pulsetion and wand'ring pain of the Sides, difficult Respiration, pain of the Breast, beating of the Heart, a Vertigo or giddiness, and swimming in the Head, a dimness of the sight, Watching, Sadness, and Trouble of the Mind, troublesome Fancies, in some grief and sadness; the parts primarly affected are judged to be the Spleen, the Ferment of which being more or less stirred is wont to produce these Symptoms; but sometimes the only error of Diet is wont to generate this evil, there being no fault in the Stomach or Spleen.  
Signs of the part affected is first if the Humour offending be in the Spleen itself, than you may perceive a Tumour or hardness in the Region of the Spleen, there is an evil and swarthish Colour of the Face; if the Humour be contained in the Liver, there is perceptable a Tumour in the Region of the Liver; but if a Flatus, Windiness, Roaring or Tumbling, and Pains be perceived, it is in the Vessels between the Stomach and Spleen, and chief if it be 6 or 7 Hours after Dinner or Supper, and that there is not perceived a Tumour or Hardness neither in the one nor in the other side; if the Stomach be originally afflicted with this affect, it is known by the weakness and debility of Coction, or digesting the Food; and because there is oftentimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, of the Stomach and Liver, in this Affect it renders the Cure difficult.  
This Disease is known to be very afflicting, the Symptoms very dismal and sad to the persons afflicted with it, the Cure difficult, having been attempted by many learned Physicians in vain; nay, often and for the most part these persons seem to be worse while they are under the means of Cure than they were before, by reason of the stirring of the Humour, that the Patients themselves despair of Cure, (which it is easy for them to do) because they are always of a doubting, fearing and despairing disposition, mistrusting and suspecting the worst of all things,  
For this cause it is called Flagellum Medicorum, the scourge of Physicians, because of their great endeavours and parts laid out in this Disease, and many times a fruitless Issue; we have seen many persons in this afflicting and dismal distemper attended with variety of Symptoms, some have not all the Symptoms (God forbidden they should) some have not the same, but this besure, that all feels the influence upon their Minds, making them pensive, aggravating all outward Affliction; when this Disease arises to the highest pitch, their mind● are always rolling and tumbling, sometimes to this thing, sometimes to that, sometimes to this place, sometimes to that, restless in every place and Condition, and for the most part their Minds troubled and rolling about matters of Religion, though to little purpose, being never satisfied in their Scruples, but renewing to themselves new occasions of Trouble, and many times they ascend to that degree, that being drove to despair, they attempt their own ruin, and sometimes this ends in their own destruction.  
We have ourselves been very conversant with this Disease, having had many Patients under our Cure, and have seen and heard what we here speak of, and through the Blessing of God can give a very good Account of ourselves in this Cure, having Cured many, even persons that have been under the Skilful and able Men, and that for a long course in Physic. I say we have recovered them that have been as desperate as any; many pregnant Instances we can give of persons in this City, who do acknowledge themselves obliged to us and will own it, and this done upon persons afflicted with the highest Symptoms of this Affect, and this we have done Cito tuto jucunde, considering 〈◊〉 the stcbborn Nature of this Disease by chance or good fortune, but ut Ars docet; and therefore by the Blessing of Him who is the Fountain of Blessing, and without whom nothing is Blest, and whom we do Implore; for every good and every perfect Gift comes down from the Father of Light: Neither do we speak these vaunting or boastingly, or with Reflections upon any others that's not our manner, (being not after the Pattern of our great Master) and who himself said, No Man lighteth a Candle and putteth it under a Bushel, but on a Candlestick, that it may give light to all that are in the House; but for the public good, not doubting but others that have need may receive the same.  
And this is to be noted, That to our Knowledge we have met with none for many years, (in our hands, but what have received good.   

CHAP. XXI. Of the Histerick Passion.  
A Disease which is familiar to, and very much afflicting Women, it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 suffocatio uterina, or in the English the Suffocation or Strangling of the Womb; because Women in this Disease seem to be strangled or choked; the Symptoms are so many, that it cannot be defined by one thing only; for now there is a difficulty of Breathing, anon a Swooning, by and by the Animal and other Actions are hurt, with a refrigeration of the whole Body, having its Rise from a Malignant Vapour, elevated from the Womb to the superior parts; the Blood and Seed does not only afford the original to this Vapour, but other viscious and corrupt Humours in the Womb, whilst they put on a malignant and venomous Nature this evil doth invade by Fits, which do now return more ftequently, and anon more seldom: They endure sometimes a longer sometimes a shorter time according to the quantity of the matter, which is either more slowly or more quickly Collected, so it is sooner or later discursed it is familiar to Virgins, to Widows, Women in Childbed. Those things which show the approach of this Affect is Nausiousness, Yauning, Stretching of the Body, Rumbling of the Belly, with Belching, Weariness, a sad Countenance, Paleness of the Face, with the increasing Affect, it gins to urge a sense of strangling, the Respiration is intercepted, and the Suffocation, and at length all the Vital and Animal Actions are depraved, lessoned or abolished: Hence there is perceived Deliriums, Convulsions in the Face, and Ligaments, and also in the whole Body, a Vertigo, an inversion or rolling of the Eyes, Speechless, an obscure or no Pulse, and other grievous Symptoms, in which the Womb is sensibly stirred, and as it were rolled together; but the Affect or Histerick Fit declining, the Intestines roareth, the Eyes are lifted up, the Cheeks are overspread with a Redness, the Animal Actions are restorred, the Body waxeth Warm, deep Breathe are sent forth, and so the Sick by little and little is restored.  
This is distinguished from a Syncope, that here is often perceived some Pulse, there is no breaking forth of a Cold Sweat, there is no Paleness, but rather a tumidness or swelling, and sometimes a Redness, and it is stirred up by Sweet smelling things, and they difference it from an Apoplexy, in that if these be pricked there is no Snorting, and after the Fit they remember all that was said or done.  
And lastly it is distinguished from the Epilepsy or Falling-sickness, in this the Convulsive Motions are not perpetually joined in the first time of the Invasion, here is no Spittle found about the Mouth, and many of the Actions are remembered after the Fit. Some will not grant that the part primarily Affected is the Womb, but the Hypochondres, and they state the nearest Cause to be a Flatus, an Air and Vapours, hurting chief by their Acidity and Austerity, by reason of the visciousness, and the more Acid pancreatical Juice waxing hot, the sharper Choler and more viscious Snivil in the Bowels; others again do attribute it to the serous Filths born towards the original of the Nerves, whence the animal Spirit affected with the Bloot, is stirred up at length unto an Explosion, and they think this Effect chief and primarily to be Convulsive, and to depend very much from the Brain and Nervous kind, being affected: But lastly others do ascribe the Rise of the Histerical Passion to the Flatulent and thinner Blood, with a certain increasing Heat, impetuously rushing into the Vessels of the Lungs and Heart, and thence doth produce all the forerecited Symptoms.   

CHAP. XXII. The Jaundice.  
THe Greek Word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so called, a Viverra a Ferret, because his Eyes are tincted with a Yellow Colour, vel ab Ictero ave, God speed the person that hath the Jaundice, and it is so called Galgulus, which if it be beheld by a person that hath the Jaundice, the Bird presently dies, but the Sick is healed, in Latin it is called Aurigo, the Kings-evil, Regins Morbus Arquatus, the King's Disease, or the Kings-evil, it is the Effusion of Choler through the whole body, the Cause is attributed to an obstruction of the passages of the Bladder of Gaul and biliary Pores; and hence the Choler of the Bladder of Gaul, destinated to the Intestines, the Ductus being abstructed is rejected, and is for that Cause disgorged into the Blood, from whence it is sent forth every where into the Blood, and from thence it is thrust forth every way into the Skin, one is called the Yellow, and the other the Black, and both is produced from one and the same Cause, they differ in this, that in the Black the Gauley Bladder being longer obstructed; so that the particles of the Gaul is so Copiously heaped up; being not Concocted, they produce a Black Colour, not a perfect Yellow to the Blood and Serum, the Stools in the Jaundice are whitened; but not always the Jaundice thickens the Urine, and from thence it looks blackish, it suddenly invades a Man, and for the most part without a Fever, and without any great decays of strength; also the Jaundice is produced by reason of the ill Disposition of the Liver, from the hot intemperature of the same, either with or without an Inflammation.  
It comes in Fevers in manner of a Crisis, and also by drinking of Poison, or biting of venomous Beasts, by which the whole Mass of Blood loses its former purity, and is corrupted into a Citron Coloured Humour, by which means at length the whole Skin is infected, and tincted with a Yellow Colour; for the Jaundice is known by the Yellow Colour of the whole Body, but chief perceived in the Whites of the Eyes, as also by the dullness and Itching of the Body, bitterness of the Tongue, Choleric Vomitings and Sigh.   

CHAP. XXIII. The Colic.  
THis Disease the Colic takes its Name from the Gut called Colon, because it is in that Gut wherein it doth exercise its cruelty, and the Torment of it is oftentimes so much, that many are most miserably handled by it. There is a sad sense of Pain of the Bowels, and chief of the Colon, with the Retention of the Stools arising from a Solution of Continuity. The nearest Cause is Solution of Continuity; for so great a Pain can scarce draw its original from any intemperature, only, the material Causes are Winds, indurating Excrements stopped in the Intestines, especially Choleric and F●gmatick Humours, and sometimes an Inflammation, and also Worms, and any other matter whether cold or hot, and whatsoever can obstruct, corode, and press the Intestines, or much alter them, because they are not able to refuse the maliguant matter, and these things can stir up the Pain of the Colic; but the matter causing this Pain is sometimes contained in the Cavety, and sometimes between the Tunicles or Wrinkles, and Folds of the Intestines.  
Among Physicians there is mention made of a Three Fold Colic, of a Windy, secondly a Phlegmatic and Choleric.  
That which ariseth from Winds hath mostly a wand'ring Pain which doth not stay long in the same place, but one while upward, another while downward, and anon wanders into the other side, and there Torments by distending the part. The Choleric Humours being the Cause, they produce the Colic with the sense of a gnawing Pain, and oftentimes it hath accompanying it a thirst and bitter 〈…〉 Mouth.  
That which takes its Rise from vitriated Phlegm, if stiffly adhering to the Intestines, produceth as it were a sense of perforating the Intestines with an All or Stake, and is frequently accompanied with a Nauseousness and Vomiting, a Retention of Excrements, so that sometimes the Wind can neither break upward nor downward, and oftentimes a Pain, now in this part, and anon vehimently infesting another, by which the Pains of the Colic may be distinguished from the Pains of the Gravel and Stone; but it is much more manifest if the Pain be in the higher parts of the Reins, and vitriated Phlegm be ejected by Stool, or the Pain hath been quieted either with the Ejection of the indurated Stools, or with other matter; for these do sufficiently manifest the Colic other ways, as chief the place and a stability, but otherwise dull pain of the Legs strait upward, and the Exclusion of Sand, Gravel and Stone, doth show that the pain is the pain from the Stone.   

CHAP. XXIV. The Disseases of the Liver.  
THe Liver, (whose Office it is to receive the Blood from the Vena Portae) being separated from the Gaulish Humour, and depurated, and to lead it into the Vena Cava, it lies open to many and various Diseases, such as be hot and cold Intemperatures, Obstruction, Scirrhus, Inflammation and Pain; an Obstruction is very familiar to the Liver, and it is assaulted with no distemper more than this, which is easily done by reason of the small Branches of the Vena Portae dispersed every where into the substance of the Liver, the Causes be these.  
First the more obstructed Pores of the part, binding things, a Contusion, Compression and Ligature.  
The second is by reason of the unaptness of the Blood to pass the Pores, because of its great Viscidity and Thickness.  
The Third is the Oppression from the plenitude of the part, because of a fuller Diet, Exercises omitted, and suppression of wont Evacuations, Heaviness and Distension, with a Dull Pain, doth show this Affect, and chief if it be in the right Hypochondria, and it is chief manifest when any one will sustain an Exercise after Meals.  
A Scirrhus of the Liver is a preternatural Tumour in that part, hard and resisting the Touch, and without pain, unless it be strongly pressed, and it draws its original from a stubborn and inveterate Obstruction, for the most part, but sometimes, though rarely, from an Inflammation, and this is not done suddenly, but step by step; for in the first place the Humour, the Author of the Obstruction doth fill and stuff the small Veins of the Liver; this being done, from thence it doth rebound into all the substance of the Viscera, and obstructing it, and from thence the Veins hence being heaped up much fuller, the Liver distendeth into a large heap, that it appears swelled, and then being dried, and the thinner part by the force of heat is dissipated, so all the rest waxeth hard, and by the mixtion of it the substance of the Liver doth waste; and at length there is produced a true Scirrhus more easily perceptable, especially by the Touch, if the Party be tender, and the Belly be not fat, and the Sick lying strait upon his Face, either in the left side, for it cannot be discerned without the Touch, for it is circumscribed in the Place and Figure of the Liver. Moreover it is perceptable easily lying upon the right side, but the left lieth heavyer; for that certainly a heap as it were weightily pressing, into the Stomach and Praecordia.  
The Inflammation of the Liver, which the greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is a hot Tumour of the Liver, with a continual Fever, stirred up from an impetuous affluxion of Matter accompanied with a sad Pain, afflicting with the sense of weight the Signs of this grief is a weight in the right side of the Praecordiums stretched out from the Jugulum to the Bastard Ribs, a small Cough, and that dry, difficulty of Breathing, an acute Fever, a Queasiness of Stomach, a great thirst, the Colour of the whole Body inclining to a Yellow; this Tumour easily passeth into an Abscesses, which if that happens it pronounces certain death, and when it becomes an Imposthume, Pain, Fever, and other Symptoms wax strong; the Fits invade many times without order, which being over, an Exacerbation of heat follows, the Puss being made, all these things are remitted; but the strength remaining is much weaker, the Pulse frequent, small and languid, a frequent fainting of the Spirit; the Abscessus being broke, there breaks forth much filth from the Puss, the Sick is detained with sometimes a hot sometimes a cold Intemperature; there is a great loathing of Flesh, nevertheless hunger does much hurt, the thirst is vehiment, the whole Body, and specially the Palms of the Hands, and the Souls of the Feet are hot, the Face white, soft habit of Body, and raw and crude dejections.   

CHAP. XXV. A Cachexia.  
A Cachexia is an evil habit of Body, and as it were a Dropsy, it is a more soft and lose Constitution of the fleshy and skinny parts of the whole Body, and as it were a puffing up with an ill favoured Colour of the whole Skin, either Pale, Livid, or Leadish; this evil is wont to come from impure, naughty, and corrupt Aliments; but if these be not the cause it is charged upon the Imbecility or Impurity of the Stomach and Viscera, for Imbecility produces a weak and crude Concoction; for the parts of the more pure Aliments being carried into the habit of the Body, notwithstanding it is sent to, and as it were agglutinated to the parts, yet it is not perfectly assimilated; and from hence is made not true and legitimate nutrition, but a viscious and unprofitable; the Impurity of the Viscera maketh an evil and corrupt Blood, which at length is brought into all the parts, and being unuseful to be dissipated into the Substance of the Body, thence follow an unmeet nourishment, the external Causes are Meats of evil Juice, frequent gorging of the Belly, studying too late at night, over much watching, suppressae evacuationes mensium, suppression of the Hemorrhoides, frequent bleeding at the Nose, or stopping of other Matter, which were wont to flow as a Diarraea, and Dysenteria longa. Long being in Prison, and Subterranian places, Venom being drunk, or the By't of venomous Beasts; that also which makes much to this Disease is continual Fevers, stubborn obstructions of the Liver or Spleen, hard and Scirrhous Tumours; old people are also corrupted with this Disease, by reason of the Imbecility of the Native Heat; and Women (ob retensionem mensium) and Children by Gluttany or excessive eating. And also a Cachexia sometimes hath its original from an Ulcer of the Reins, where there is Gravel, when the perulent Matter, by reason of the Obstruction of the Ureters, flows back into the Reins, and so infecting the Blood, the whole habit is defiled.   

CHAP. XXVII. Of an Inflammation of the Lungs.  
PEribneumonia is an Inflammation of the of the Lungs, with an acute Fever, difficulty of Breathing, and a Cough, the part affected is the Lungs, either the whole Lungs or part, either the right or the left side, the Cause is, Blood breaking copioufly into the Lungs, and kindling an Inflammation? the External Causes are vehiment Exercises, especially after long quiet and repletion of the Body, overcrying and Extension of the Voice, anger, the Cold Northern Air, especially following the Southern, the use of Stagnent Waters, as Lakes etc. Venomous Diets, and sometimes mrlignant Humours, as when the Peribneumonia or Inflammation of the Lungs are Epidemical.  
The Signs are straightness of the Breast with a heavy and grievous pain, reaching to the Spine of the Back, difficulty of Breathing, and truly a greater than in the pleurisy, an acute Fever, troublesome Cough, a Redness of the Cheeks, in the beginning no Spittle, but in process of time there follow Crude, Choleric, or Frothy Spittle.  
The Cure is to be begun with opening a Vein, a clyster (if need be) being first administered.   

CHAP. XXVII. The Pleurisy.  
A Pleurisy is a Disease of the Thorax or Breast, the most molesting and accutest of all, and there is none that assaulteth the life of a Man more, it is an Inflammation which extendeth itself under the Ribs, and the Membranes thereto adjoining; and taking its Rise from a thin Choleric Blood, with a continual Fever and pricking pain of the side, vehiment Cough, difficulty of Breathing, it is caused either from pure Blood, or hot and Choleric Humours, being mixed, flowing into the Membranes, the remote Causes are Cacohimia, Plethora, wont Evacuations of Blood, being suppressed, Flux of the Belly unseasonably stirred, a Contusion of of the Breast from a fall, or a violent stroke, vehiment Exercise, and after that Exercise a large draught of cold Water, or the like, a large drinking of more pure Wine, too much hot, or over much cold.  
The Pathognomical Signs of a Pleurisy are acute pains of the side, difficulty of Respiration, as also frequent and little, a continual Fever, and often observing the Fit of a Tertian, in the beginning a dry Cough, afterward moist, with foul and coloured Spittle, there is an Inflammation of the Intercostal, External Muscles; this arises sometimes from Blood poured out into those External Muscles, and sometimes from Winds, and sometimes from a Distillation; the true Pleurisy is known from a Bastard, that the sick cannot lie on that part opposite to the pained side, because of the Membrane pained by the newly conceived weight: But in the Bastard Pleurisy it is difficult to lie down upon the side affected.   

CHAP. XXVIII. De Impyemate.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Puss, and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Putrefaction, Suppuration, it is a Collection of Puss in the Capacity of the Thorax or Breast, coming from the foulness and filth of the whole Lungs, but it floweth thither either from an Angina or Peribnenmonia, or it happeneth more frequently from a Pleurisy; for these Coughs not being well cleansed, there happeneth an Abscessus, from which at length being broke, there floweth a Puss into the whole Capacity of the Breast.   

CAAP. XXIX. De Pthisis.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tabes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Corrumpo, in Latin Tales, and in general it is taken for the Extenuation of the whole Body, and it is accepted for any thing that flows from the same Cause, and in that sense it is taken among Physicians, and so it is taken frequently; for that Consumption of the whole Body, which flows from the Ulcers of the Lungs, and so this Calamity may be defined, it is an Ulceration of the Lungs from a sharp Matter coroding cum febre lenta, a Cough with a foul and perulent Spittle, by which by little and little the whole Body is Consumed and Extenuated.  
The Cause of the Phthisis is besides the vistions' Constitution of the Lungs, a sharp and salted Distillation from the Head, as also a sharp Humour from the neighbouring parts cast into the Lungs, as Inflammation, Suppuration of the pleura mediastina Diaphragma, and aspera arteriae, which is converted into an Epyema, and from those naughty depraved Humours which are generated, there is produced a Phthisis, and moreover from the broken or eroded Vessels of the Lungs▪ and putrifying there, this evil is contracted.  
The Anticedent Causes be viscious Humours Collected in the whole Body, which when they be moved or stirred, from External Causes, and transmitted to the Brain, and thence flow into the Lungs, and if to this there happens a suppression of other wont Evacuations of the Hemorhoids vel Mensium.  
The External Causes are Contagious Air very hot or cold, or the Autumn Air.  
Those which are disposed to a Consumption are such who have narraw Breasts, their Neck long and narrow, and their Shoulders standing up.  
The Signs be these, a continual Cough, at first a Bloody Spittle, and afterwards perulent, a small and continual Fever, which afflicts most in the might, an Extenuation of the whole Body, a difficult Respiration; the Disease being confirmed, the Puss becomes stinking.  
The Hair falls off, the Nails are bowed inwards, the Cheeks wax Livid, the extreme part and the Feet sweat, and lastly there follows a Diarrhea.   

CHAP. XXX. A Catarrh or Rheum.  
THe Head may be said to be the fountain and root almost of all evils, and so it is proclaimed to be, both from Hypocrates and the rest of the Ancients; for when a Catarrh falls from the Head, it is the cause of many Diseases, for there are few parts of the Body safe from the Incursion of this Enemy, the Ears, the Eyes, the Nose, Jaws, Lungs, the Sides, Arms, Shoulders, Flanks, Glandula's, Hips, Legs, and what part is there it doth not Invade? for from hence follow Apoplexies, Blindness, Pleurisies, Consumption of the Lungs, Palsies, Deafness, Quinses, Orthopnoiae, Coughs, Horseness, Vomitings, Inappitency, Inflammation of the Liver, Bladder and Reins, pains of Colic, Iliaca passio, Fluxes of the Belly, and Gouts of all sorts, and all Rheumatism, and what a Number of Diseases may proceed from a Catarrh, so that it deserves to be called the Fountain of all Diseases and Complaints: It is by the Latins called Distillatio; but from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: The Name of a Catarrh taken in the largest sense signifieth a Defluction from the Head to the inferior parts; but when it is taken more strictly, it is defined to be a Defluction of an Excrementious Humour from the Head into the Palate, Mouth and Lungs, having its Rise from the Expulsive faculty of the Brain being excited.  
The Material Cause is a Phlegmatic Humour, sometimes insipid, and sometimes acid, salt and sharp, and sometimes also corrupt and hurting, the substance, such as is begotten and gathered in the Head in a contagious or malignant Catarrh, or the faculty of the Brain itself being weak, chief by reason of a moist and cold intemperature, for that cause the Head is not able to concoct the Aliment destinated to the Brain, neither is it able to dissipate the superfluities begotten there; for either by Vice of of the inferior parts, (for oftentimes the exhale from below, and by studies and business, presently after meat, are attracted to the Head; the Vapours and thick Fumes, which the Brain, bccause it is not able to beat back the approaching, nor dissipate the Fumes already received, must retain as in its proper Inn.  
Thus the Head in this manner being repleated with much Phlegm or Vapours, condensed into a waterish Humour, at length the Expulsive faculty of the Brain being awakened, ariseth; which being desirous to unburden itself, thrusteth forth the burden with which it is over much pressed plentifully to the lower parts.  
The External Causes which do either multiply or press out this Excrementious Humour, and excite it to a Defluction is the more cold Air, Northerly Wind, cold Medicines applied to the Head, a sudden change or mutation out of a hot Air into cold, and so on the contrary, the immoderate use of the more thin and clear Winds, as also by the flowing of hot Humours; hence it is that Catarrhs are more frequent in the Spring season, also hot Baths unseasonable, friction of the Head, with hot , vehiment Motions of Mind and Body, heat of the Sun, long Sleep, over much Watching, night Studies; some Catarrhs are cold, some hot, others sweet, some salt, and some are suffocating when they rush with violence into the Lungs, so that they expose a person to the hazard of suffocating; and lastly some are contagious.   

CHAP. XXXI. A dysentery.  
GAllen hath stated four Differences of bloody Dejections.  
The first is when the Blood is cast forth pure by Stool, by reason that there is an Imposthume in some inward part, or from wont or accustomed Evacuations is intermitred, or from such like cause.  
The second sort is, when the Matter Ejected is like Water in which raw flesh hath been washed, and this is called Hepatick, or Flux of the Liver.  
But the third is an Excretion of Black and shining Blood, and this is Gold Melancholy.  
But the fourth and last is a Dysentery, in this the Intestines are primarily affected, which does appear by the Torments and Gripe of the Belly, and it is defined thus, it is a frequent, crude and perulent Dejection, with pain and ulceration of the Belly and Intestines, from a sharp Matter Eroding, which is peculiarly contrary to the Intestines. The next causes are certain sharp Humours, obtaining a peculiar and an occult disposition with which the Intestines are Infested and Exulcerated.  
The remote causes are naughty and unsuitable Food, Musty Drinks, Water that runs through Leaden and Old Pipes, the use of Autumnal Fruits, as of Grapes, and other such like venomous and violent Medicines, the Air in the Spring being hot and dry, after a rainy aed slabby Winter, accompanied with Southerly Winds; for oftentimes this Disease is stirred up at the end of Summer and beginning of Autumn, and in Countries very hot, for it doth show forth very much Contagion in those hot parts of the World in the production of this Affect.  
The parts affected are the Intestines, sometimes the thick sometimes the thin, and sometimes both; if this distemper be in the thinner Bowels, it bewrayeth itself very much in these following Signs, The Torments do come by longer intervails, the pain is more sharp, and showeth itself to be about or above the Navel, the Feces and Blood are very much confounded, and mixed together, because before they are cast forth, they perform a long Journey.  
When the thicker Bowels are affected, the pain is not so great; and the Torments are not only felt in the lower Bowels, but also presently after the Torments the Excrements are cast forth, upon which also there swimeth a Cruor, which is in the other intimately united.   

CHAP XXXII. A Diarrhea.  
A Diarrhea (which as it is commonly taken, doth note every flowing of the Belly) but properly so called, it is an immoderate, frequent, or continual dejection of the Belly, in which there flows not Crude Aliments as in a Lienteria, neither bloody filths as in a Dissenteria, but Excrementious and more unmixed Humours, more sincere in quantity and quality, without Inflammation, Exulccration, or a vehement sense of Pain; the abundance and pravity of the Humours procureth this Disease by stirring up the Expulsive faculty of the Stomach and Intestines; things furthering this Disease are Errors committed in Diet, and Meats of evil Juice, venomous and easily corrupted, and gorging themselves with excess of Food, new Beer or Ale, intemperate Air, the omission of bodily Exercise, the constriction of the Pores of the whole Body.  
In a Diarrhea there be many Differences, by reason of the Matter which is Billious, Phlegmatic, Melancholic and serous, by reason of the place from whence the Matter floweth; for in some it is from the whole Body, but in others from some peculiar part, as from the Brain, the Stomach, Intestines, Missentery, Liver, Spleen and Womb; and lastly with respect to the manner and efficient Causes, for some are Critical; the appearing Signs of concoction in Fevers being rightly done by Nature this way, others are Symptomatical; breeding of Teeth in Children doth produce a Flux of the Belly.   

CHAP. XXXIII. The Caeliack and Lienterial Passions.  
THese Affects are known more or less according to the difference agreeing or disagreeing, which in both is an Excretion by the Belly of uncocted Foods; but they are distinguished by this, that a Lienteria (laevitas Intestinorum) is an over quick and sudden Excretion of unconcocted Food, being not changed or altered, neither in substance, nor in the due Colour; but in the Caeliacal is the Food received or altered, passing from the Stomach into the Bowels, is in some meaner manner concocted: The cause of both is the retentive faculty of the Stomach and Bowels, being hurt in a Lienteria it is almost abolished, but in a Caeliaca it is but diminished; the retentive faculty of the Stomach is abolished or diminished from the same Causes, as they are more grievous or more gentle; there is most frequently a cold and moist intemperature, joined with a Phlegmatic Humour, relaxing the Ventricle, and smiring the wrinkled Superficies thereof, that it cannot retain the Aliment, falls into the Bowels unconcocted: This is done by reason the Expulsive faculty of the Stomach and Bowels is irritated from gnowing Humours, which by pulling stirs up an untimely Excretion; an Inflammation in like manner stirs up this faculty, and also an Ulcer of the Stomach or poison taken, or things of a Malignant quality besieging the Stomach.  
In the Caeliacal Passion this is taken for a Cause, viz. the straining through of the chill (being hurt by the spungeous scurf of the Intestines) in passing into the Milky Veins; moreover the Lienteria does often succeed most grievous and deadly Diseases, as it is seen in a Dyssentery and malignant Fever, because of the great imbecility of the retentive faculty. These Evils are not to be slighted, for that they draw the nutriment from the whole Body.   

CHAP. XXXIV. The Asthma.  
THe Asthma or short Breath, it is called in Latin Suspirium, it is defined thus, it is a frequent, hard and and short breathing, or difficult Respiration, and oftentimes without a Fever, joined with a great contention of the Lungs; the cause consists in the straightness of the Lungs, which being stopped with a gross viscid Humour, very stiffly sticking to the Pipes and Caverns of the Lungs; and being stopped, it draws its original from thence thin and serous Humour, and also copious is frequently the Efficient of this evil.  
A Tubercules or Push, as also Gravel sticking in the Lungs do act their parts vere often in producing this Affect. All these are wont to produce the Asthma by obstructing, either by stopping the aspera Arteria, the smother Arteries, or subsisting in the substance of the Lungs; the Morbick Matter by pressing the Lungs, or obstructing or pressing somewhat into the Lungs, by reason of the debility of the Viscera it is gathered together by little and little, and sometimes it flows from another place from the Head in the manner of a Catarrh, which is rare, or from the Pulmonal Artery.   

CHAP. XXXV. The Gout.  
ARthritis or the Joynt-disease, Morbus articularis, which is also called Gutta articulorum plurium, it is a pain running from thence, which is a defluction of a serous and sharp Humour falling into the Joints hath stirred up the parts affected, the Membranes, Tendones and Ligaments, taking their original from the Periostium, and from thence endued with sense; for the Joint is made firm from these, the conjunct cause of the Gout is solution of unity; but the Antecedent is a serous Humour, Salt and Tarterous, from Aliments impregnated with a Tarter, from the imbecility of the parts appointed to concoction, taking its original from thence; those Foods being not well digested, by this means this salt and subtle Humour comes to the Joints, the sensible parts being partly distended, and partly tearing by its Acrimony, bringeth most cruel and sharp Torments, which can scarcely be laid asleep again, although helps be administered by the very hand of Apollo; and hence it is called medicorum opprobrium.   

CHAP. XXXVI. Angina or the Quinsy.  
ANgina is called so ab strangulo to choke or be strangled the Symptoms are properly of the Face and Larinx, and it is terrible and deadly, as well for the sharpness of Pain, as for the interception of the Office necessary to maintain Life, and the oppression of the part by whose Office life cannot be, for it hindereth the swallowing necessary to Life, it taketh away the Respiration, without which the Animals cannot live to the point of Life.  
It is defined to be a Flegmonous Affect of the Jaws, all the parts of the Gula or Throat, by which as the Meats and Drinks, and also the Spirits do enter, so in this Affect it thrusts them forth.  
But some are Legitimate and True, some be Bastard, there be four Species of the True, one which Hypocrates doth account the most dangerous of all, wherein there is nothing appears neither in the Jaws nor Neck; but this kind of all most obstruce, Inflammation doth inflict most and grievous Symptoms, not without fear of present strangling, by this Fernelius saw a sick person die in the space of Eighteen Hours, being sound in his Mind and entire in his senses, this kind is called Angina latens.  
The other is, that interior La●ings of the Jaws and Muscles are assaulted with a manifest Phlegmon, this is cruel, equal, and above the Symptoms, but yet there there is less danger, in that which shows itself in a manifest Tumour.  
The third doth occupy the interior Jaws, together with the Neck, in which the Tumour is without and the redness conspicuous with the heat and pain; the Symptoms which are in the former is nothing to this, and yet here is better hope of health, the Inflammation getting outward it may be digested.  
The Fourth is the lightest of all, and is judged the safest, which doth not take the interior Jaws only, but also the Pole and the Muscles, and yet by a Tumour of these the interior Muscles of the Laring is pressed together, and all the entrance is stopped.  
The Causes of all is Choleric or Sanguine defluction which flows down into these seats, and bringeth either an Erysipelus or a Phlegmon.  
Or Angina is wont otherwise to be divided when the internal Muscles of the Throat are inflamed with a great straitness of Respiration, but also when the external are inflamed.  
Again, when the internal Muscles of the Face are taken with a Phlegmon, and doth very much hinder the swallowing, and at length the external parts of the Jaws and Chin are besieged with an Inflammation.  
Nota, The Bastard is without a Fever, this is produced when there is a petuitous distillation falling into the Jaws and Muscles of the Neck, and then perchance there is a Tumour, but without redness, heat or a Fever.  
Hitherto belongs that Species of an Angina, which is produced by no proper Affect, but when the Vertebraes of the Neck loosened within the Jaws and entrance of the swallow or Throat do swell, and is made more straight, it is known by this that the Neck is hollowed within, the Sick grievously afflicted with Pain; also a fall or a stroke went before, or the Humour hath loosened the bands of the Vertibraes.   

CHAP. XXXVII. The Description of a Frenzy.  
APhrensie is a perpetual or continual Delirium, taking its original from an Inflammation of the Membranes of the Brain: The Causes of a Frenzy is Choleric Blood, fallen out of the Vessels transpiration; being intercepted it putrifies in the Membranes of the Brain, external Causes increasing the Distempers are hot Air, the rise of the Sun, Strong Drinks over heating and inflaming the Brain, Anger, a Contusion or a Wound.  
The Signs of a Frenzy are a perpetual Delirium or prattling, and talking Idle, Watch, a continual Fever, the Respiration is low and frequent, if it comes from an Inflammation of the transverse partition of the Brain, but great and rare in a true Frenzy; some are true, which we have here described; others are Bastard Frenzies which are called Paraphrenities, and that is when hot Intemtemperatures are communicated to the Brains, either from the whole Body, or in burning Fevers, or from an Inflammation from some one part, viz. of the Stomach, Liver, Lungs, and very often from the Diaphragma or Mid●iff, from the Inflammation of which there is usually stirred up a Frenzy, resembling a true Phrenitis: A Frenzy is a most acute Affect, which oftentimes kills in seven days.   

CHAP. XXXVIII. Of Melancholy Madness.  
THe Melancholy is a Delirium joined with fear, sadness or sorrow without a manifest Cause, and without a Fever, and it is either a deprivation of the Imagination and Ratiocination, arising from from a Melanchollick Phantasm, by which he is detained in his thought by one Cogitation without a furious anger and a Fever, with sadness and fear; the original of this Disease dependeth upon a certain disposition of the Animal Spirits produced from the mixtion of a Melancholy Humour, to which there follows the sad dark Phantasms, which afterwards rolling the Objects to the Intellect, do stir up this doting and anguish of Mind. They who have this evil Disease are sad and solitary, very fearful and stubborn, which from certain Phantasms to themselves, which neither are nor can be; they imagine many false things, they fear things not be feared, they sudden and disquiet the Mind without a cause, they are silent, Morose and suspicious, they have hunger above what is usual, they sigh often, the Respiration is slow and seldom, and so is also the Pulse, they speak absurdly.  
Some are primarily affected from the Brain. Some by consent of the whole Body. Others again are called hypocondriac, and do return by Circuits or Intervals. And lastly others are thus by a Symhathy of the Womb.   

CHAP. XXXIX. The Mania.  
A Mania, ab insaniendo, by the Latins furor or insania, it is a Delirium without intermission, and without a Fever, but joined with a certain fierce rage, it ariseth from a hot and fiery disposition of the Spirit, and perchance accompanied with a venomous and malignant quality. Author's will have this Disposition arise from Atrabilis. They which labour under this Disease are searce and unruly, unless they be stopped with Chains they tear their , and like unto great and fierce Beasts they do violence with Teeth, Nails and Fists, neither do they spare themselves; moreover they sleep very little, they have a stupendious strength of Body, a noise or sounding in the Ears, dullness of the head, a shining splendour in the Eyes, sadness and long cares having preceded, anger upon a light occasion, the Eyes set and flxed upon the Objects they behold, much inclining to filthy and foolish laughter, a suppression of the Months and Hemorhods: These do show the approach of this Disease. Sometimes a Mania is produced from External Causes, such as these, Witchcrafts, Nightshade, the bite of Mad-digs or Wolves, and sometimes it comes by consent of the Womb, and then it is called furor uterinus.   

CHAP. XL. The Palpitation of the Heart.  
PAlpitatio Cordis, it is an immoderate and violent Concussion of the Heart, which being troublesome to it, it endeavours to shake off; facultas motrix doth occasion this; some troublesome matter stirring of it up, which do stir or vex the Heart, such as vapours and flatuousness in malignant Fevers, suppressio mensium Hypochondriack Melancholy approaching the Heart, also putrid and sharp Humours, and too copious, and so Gravel and Worms, for such as these be many times generated in the Heart, and then it doth necessarily induce a Palpitation of the Heart, and also Tumours arising in the Praecordium, Blood effused from Wounds to the Heart, and also a nefect of vital Spirits, and preternatural heat in the Heart, as they stir up by a more vehement motion, so also a Palpitation which is a depraved motion ensues.  
The External Causes are a vehement Motion, and Exercises of Body, too much heat and anger, over much craming, Poisons being taken, too hot Bathe, and Passions of the Mind do oftentimes precipitate the Sick by swooning to death, viz. the Motion of the heart being interrupted.   

CHAP. XLI. Worms.  
LVmbrici, or Worms are wont to be in all the parts of the Body, but chief in the Intestines, from a gross and clammy Phlegm, which is corrupted and seated in ●he common Bowel, they are stirred up, and receive life from the abundance of inbred heat, by the Example of other Animals, which have their Life from a putrid Matter by the help a of Celestial Heat, according to the various Figure of the putrifying Matter. So here are various Species of Worms, some long and round, which are wont to be begotten in the superior and thinner Bowels, and these be the most frequent of all, and sometimes they creep up into the Stomach, and and thence by the Gula they ascend into the Mouth itself, from whence, being open, they spring forth. Others again be shorter and broad, which oftentimes do stick one unto another in a wonderful manner, and these are called Cucurbites, and sometimes this broad Worm, with the mutual adhesion of them, which for the similitude is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, which are as long and broad as women's Swaiths and Fill its; so that they extend themselves as long as the thicker Intestines. And lastly others are exceeding small and thin, and are called Ascarides, which for the most part are seated in the intestina recta. Crudity and Gluttany, and the use of such things as do easily putrify, do administer matter to all. Children a little grown are often afflicted with these. Signs of Worms be these, a stinking of the Mouth, and such as is urging towards a soureness; the Stools resemble Cowdung, sometimes a Fever, which returns often in the same day with trouble and fainting, nauseousness, vomiting, and unquenchable thirst, the Cheeks are red by turns and pale again, an Itching of the Nose, a Gnashing of the Teeth, a dull heaviness and pain of the Head, talking idle, and Epileptical Convulsions, a dry Cough, and many times afflicted with pain in the Belly, and it puffed up and distended, awaking from sleep with fear and horror; as also a Doglike Hunger, the Belly sometimes decreased, the Pulse is unequal; Ascarides are known by the troublesome Itch of the Fundament, and the Excrements oftentimes appears besprinkled with them, and after they bring most cruel Symptoms, but the Ascarides are less hurtful.   

CHAP. XLII. A continual Fever.  
A Fever is described by some to be an inordinate Motion of the Blood, and it's over much rage with heat and thirst, and with many other Symptoms wherewith the Aeconomia of it is troubled; some are continual, and some are intermitting; the accession of a continual Fever extends to many days, unless it hath its own times of remission, and of Exarcerbation, but never of intermission; the enraged Blood induces a continual Fever in a Three fold manner.  
The First is, when the subtle and spiritual portion of the Blood waxeth too hot, and is affected with a certain kindling heat, which therefore doth agitate the rest of the Cruor, and doth incite it into an Orgasmum. And so the kindling fury and heat is stirred up more than before in the whole Body.  
But because the Spirits are in the only fault, the b●●ning and inordinan●sie is wont to dep●●t in a short time of its own accord: Hence it is that this Fever is terminated within a day, and it is extended beyond Three days, and therefore it is called Febris Ephemera.  
The second manner of waxing hot is when the Sulphurous or Oily part of the Blood being over heated gins to be hot, for than it waxes immoderately hot in the Vessels, and oftentimes kindles in the Heart by its own Flame produceth a very intense heat in the whole Body; and so that kind of Fever is produced, which is vulgarly called a putrid Symochus, which is Symtomatical or Essential; that is called Symtomatical which draweth its original from some other certain Disease first stirred up in the Body; and that is a Fever of that sort which hath its dependence upon an an Angina Quinsy, Pleurifie, Perihneumonia, a Wound-Ulcer or Imposthume, either in any principal ot neighbouring part.  
The Essential is wont to be divided into a Causus Quotidian, Tertian and a Quartan, according to the divers Discrusia Sanguinis or intemperatur of the Blood, the supply and kind of nourishing Juice so sooner or later arising to a plenitude of swelling bulkiness.  
But the Third Degree, and that (which doth constitute the distinct Species of a continual Fever) is stirred up from a certain malignant and venomous ferment, with which the Mass of Blood is defiled, and the Spirit and Sulphurous parts takes fire together, and their kindling heat not first alaid, which may be either the malignant matter taken, is cast out of doors, or from the corrupt venom of it, doth induce a Coagulation, or as it were a certain putrefaction of the Blood, and by which the circulation is hindered, and the vital Spirit extinguished, and after this manner are made malignant Fevers, small Pox, Measles▪ and also the Pestilens.  
But the ●ot continual Fever differs from that which constitutes an intermitting in this, that in that the disorders of the Spirit and Sulphur, or both, and freely by their own accord without the mixture o● any other thing, do take Flame, and wonderfully Boyl, but it is not so in an intermitting Fever.  
That most Excellent Man Francis Silvius thinks the Cause of all continual F●v●rs to be the Bill or Water, (under which he comprehends the Pancreatical Juice) and so that ●●●vil is brought with it to the Heart, 〈◊〉 that exciting such a viscious Effervesc●●●ia in the right Ventricle of the Heart, an● thence is produced continually a more frequent pulse.  
Too great Exercises of Body, perturbation of Mind, the Ambient Air, the heart of the Sun or Summer, drinking of Wine, the use of prepared meats, Watch, over much Labour, a Bubo, a Wound, do all induce to the every days Fever, the plenty of Milk to Women in Childbed, hot seasons of the Year, unaccustomed Exercise, strong habit of Body do all dispose to it.  
The forging Causes of a putrid Fever a●e hot seasons, a strong and moist habit of Body, a youthful age, a high and rich Diet, the continual drinking of rich Wine, a tempestuous Spring and Summer, a Cacochymial Body, Meats of evil Juice; but above all this is worth your observation, that the frequent letting of Blood renders Men more apt to a Fever, for this reason, tha● the larger quantity of Sulphur, which is ●●●●ied in the Blood, is subdued, but the Salt ought to be stopped from its fearsenes●.  
Those things 〈◊〉 brings the lurking disposition of this Fever into act are chief Transpiration, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Transpiratio, being hindered, and much gusling; these do not only induce an exceeding fermitation of the Blood, but doth also administer a Nitrosulphurous Matter, apt to burning and kindling, as Food to the flaming Blood, but because that Massy heap of the Blood, being increased, it swells, and as i● were inspired with a certain ferment (de novo) it exceedingly boils.  
In this Fever there are Four Seasons to be observed, and by which staches as it were the whole course of it is performed, and they be these, the beginning, the increase, the state and declination, in which some sooner, some slower, and in a longer time are wont to be dissolved, the beginning ought to be computed from the time, the Blood gins to wax hot, and the Sulphurous part gins to take heat, until the hotness and fury of the Blood hath overspread the whole Mass of the Cruor; and thence it is that oftentimes the Heat and Cold doth assault, viz. by reason of the admixtion of the Crude Juice with the Blood.  
The augmentation shall be when the kindling of the Fever doth occupy the whole Mass of the Blood, Viz. The Sulphur or oleaginous part of the Blood being made hot, and waxing hot by parts, at length being like moist Hay laid up in a Rick after a long heating breaks out altogether into a Flame, and the Mass with the Excrements or adust particles, which increases the fermentation, is aggravated, at this time the Sick complains of intolerable thirst; moreover they are afflicted with pain of the Head, continual Watch, and oftentimes Delirium, a Frenzy, and a Convulsive Motion, there's a loathing of all Aliments, or they are cast forth by Vomit, there's a bitterness of the Mouth, an ungrateful Savour, a roughness of the Tongue, a vehement swift Pulse, the Urine exceeding Red, and oftentimes Muddy, and replenished with contents.  
The State is another time of the Disease, by which Nature endeavours a Crises or Expulsion of the adust Matter remaining of the burning of the Blood; for after the deflagration of the Blood, and nourishing Juice, this adust Matter is born in so great a quantity, it growing turgent, that it irritates Nature to an Expulsion, which is called a Crises; the Cause of this is rather to be fetched from thence, than from the ●fluence of the Moon.  
The Declination follows the Crises, in which in the kindling of the Blood (languishing) it is not so hot, and being very powerful with the Vital Spirit, that now it subdueth the residue of this adust Matter, and by little and little casteth it out, until it be restored to the former Vigour, or with the same too much depressed Spirit, more infected with the adust Excrements, and so it passeth away foul and impoverished; so that it doth not assimilate the Nutritive Juice; nor is it fit to circulation, nor to come to the Heart, nor to sustain the Lamp of Life.   

CHAP. XLIII. An intermitting Fever.  
AN intermitting Fever is not less violent and intense, during the time of the Fit there is in this a furious heat of Blood, as in a continual, yet this is not peculiar to an intermitting, it hath a certain time of intermission, and for the most part every Fit from the time of the cold or shaking, and the Fits return with certain States and Periods of time; so that it can hardly be measured, more exactly by a Clock or Dial; but this furious heat of the Blood constituting this Fever doth depend upon the assimilation of the nutritive Juice, the vice of the Blood itself being fettered; for whilst the nutritive Juice is not assimilated with the Blood; for although the Particles do persist in the Mass of Blood, as a Heterogeneus, and not of the same Stock or Lineage; yet now it ●● Circulated with it without tumult or trouble, and saturated with it to a swelling up of the Mass of Cruor, and so that presently boileth, and catcheth a feverish heat, with which it is subdued or thrust out of doors, as a Hetrogeneous thing, from the society of which when the Blood is freed the intermission of the feverish heat follows at length afterward from a fresh supply of this Juice a new Fit is induced; for the cause of this cold and shivering in the Fit of this Fever is stirred up, seems to be the fluor and sweling, or puffing up, Viz. of the nutritive Juice degenerated into a nitrous and acetous Matter, wherewith the flowing Spirits and Heat are dulled and blunted, from thence there is perceived in the whole body a sense of cold, and the nervous Bodies irritated are stirred up into tremble, but afterwards with these nitrous Particles being thrust forth from every part into the Superficies of the Body; the Blood being now freed from the weight and oppression of them, do gather itself together, and getting up again, do begin to shine forth, and so that most intense heat succeedeth, which persisteth till that Fermitive Matter be well nigh burnt, brought under and subtillated, and Evaporateth by sweat, and insensible transpiration; but why the Fits do return often in the appointed intervals of times, such a reason as this may be given for it, because an equal portion of the nutritious Juice is continually administered to the Blood by flowing into the Vessels.  
Franciscus Silvius thinks the cause of all intermitting Fevers to be the pancreatical Juice stagnant in some part of it or more: The leading Vessels of the Pancreas being obstructed, and by its delay in that place is made sharper; and that acid Acrimonia, and by the Phlegm more or less viscid is the cause of the said obstruction, the way being prepared, penetrating by force, and being poured out into the thin Intestine, and their stirring up with the Choler and Phlegm the fury of the intermitting Fevers, are divided into Tertian, Quartan and Quotidian, the Tertian repeats its Fit every Third day, and if it be Exquisite, it gins with a vehement shivering, to which a sharp and a biting heat succeeds, which is turned into a sweat, and the Fit is finished within Twelve Hours.  
The Causes disposing to this Fever are a Hot and Choleric Temper, a youthful Age, a heating Diet, the more hot constitution of the Air, Watch, Cares, Anger, Fasting, over much Exercise; sometimes the Jaundice comes upon a Tertian, and then the Fever is discharged.  
What Haley hath written is taught for a very vulgar Experiment in persons labouring with a Tertian, that if Ulcers and Pustles breaks out in the Lips and Nose, it presages the termination of the Fevers; for indeed it is as it were a Crises; also a Flux of the Belly coming upon a Tertian the Matter Concocted there dissolves it.  
Again a Quotidian is that wherein the Fit is wont to return every day, and oftentimes it returns in the Hours within night, and without shivering, but with Cold only, or with a light or easy shivering; from hence the Heat transacted in the time of the Cold is gentle and very little burning; the Fit is protracted longer, and oftentimes it is wont to endure Eighteen or Twenty Hours.  
Lastly, that is a Quartan returning every Fourth day, it gins with yawning and gaping, and a Pain of the whole Body, than there follows a Cold, after that a quivering and shivering, with which the Bones seem as if they were broke, where there is perceived a ●●in, which from Quartan is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the pain of the Bones, the heat succeeding is very troublesome, but more remiss than in a Tertian, and Sweat doth oftentimes conclude the Fit: This Fever doth wont to continue longest, and the which gins in Autumn, and for the most part continues the whole Winter, and departs not until the Spring, unless by accident; and so some do continue from one Year to many Years; we have known some hath been extended to Seven Years, and more; but in Summer they be shorter. Those things which dispose to this Fever are Autumn, the Sea-Coast, the end of Summer, a Melancholy Temper, and such who by an evil manner of Diet, obnoxious to a Hypochondriack affection.  
But the cause of these constituted Periods seem to be ascribed to the divers constitutions of the Blood, Viz. by which from a due temper it is perverted, one while into sharp, and anon into an acid or austere disposition; for which cause the divers intemperatures of it, the nourishable Juice newly brought doth more or less departed from a maturation, and degenerates sooner or later into a matter apt to ferment.   

CHAP. XLIV. A Hectic Fever.  
FEbris Hectica, that is a Habitual Fever, or a Fever conversant in the Habit, it is a preternatural Hcat in the substance of the Heart, sticking and burning in the solid parts, drying and consuming, and brings the whole Body to extreme leanness. There are Three Degrees of this Fever.  
The first is, when the dewy moisture is dried and consumed.  
The second is, when the fleshy and fatty Substance, is depopulated, and perisheth, and in this the Extenuation of the Body is evident.  
The Third is, when the Febras and Membranous Substance is wasted, and the whole Body waxeth lean, then follows Fancies Hypocratica, the ghastly Countenance, and the Bones only appear covered with the Skin: This is the true wasting and Hectic, which of the Greeks is called Marasmodes, and which is incurable.  
The internal Causes of the Hectic are burning and continual Fevers, Ulcers, and continual inflammations of the Liver, Stomach, Lungs, Reins and other Bowels. Those things which refer to outward Causes are such things as can generate other Fevers, such things as do very much either consume the humid Substance in the solid Members, or very much stirs up a continual heat, or are apt to perform both, to which the promptitute and disposition of the subject, and the continual disposition of heating do make to the receiving of this preternatural heat: Such are the heat of the Sun or fire, vehement Exercise, heating Meats and Drinks, immoderate Excretions, as a Diarrhea, Dysenteria, Animi Pathemata, or more vehement passion of the Mind. And lastly Hunger, a more hot and dry Habit of Body is more apt to take this Fever. The beginning Hectic is not easily known, the other kind is difficultly Cured. The Signs of all Hectics are common, the heat of the whole Body is equal, and of which they do not complain, nor do they understand themselves to be Feverish; it first appears weak, by reason of the fewness of the Vapours; but if thou wilt apply thy hand longer there appears a sharpness and gnawing heat, by reason of the dryness and solidity of the subject, and greater in the Arteries than in other parts, by reason of the communion of the Heart; and this Heat increaseth one Hour or two after Meat is received, no other ways waxing hot than Calx Vive, if Water or any such thing be poured upon it, the Pulse small, frequent and swift, the Urine oleaginous with a branny sedement.   

CAAP. XLV. The Rickets.  
RAchites, the Rickets, a Disease unknown to the Ancients, which yet at this day no Disease is more frequent in this Kingdom; it is a cold and moist intemperature of the whole Spinal Marrow entering the Skull, the arise of all the Nerves, and of all the Membranous and Febrous parts of the whole Body, with the defect and feebleness of the Spirits, and tone of the parts visciated; the cause and parts primarily affected, do fetch their definition from this, whose Signs and Symptoms are looseness and softness of the parts primarily affected, debility and pining, or enervation of the parts serving to Motion, weakness and feebleness of the Joints, the Head bigger than is meet, the Face fuller and more florid, the Musculous parts wax lean, certain Protuberations and Nodes about certain of the Joints, mostly in the Rist, and in the Extremity of the Ribs, a bowing or incurvating of some of the Bones, which more frequently happens to the Bones of the Cubit, Shins, Thighs and Shoulders, sharpness and straitness of the Breast, Bunches and Tumours of the Abdomen, Repletion and Tention of the Hypochondries, a frequent Cough, difficult Respiration, and many other evils of the Lungs, as the stuffing of them, hard Tumours, Imposthumes, Inflammations growing or sticking to the Pleura, a weak and a feeble Pulse; the common Cause of which seems to be an unequal and unprofitable Nutrition; the Antecedent Causes are beside the fault in the Seed of the Parents defiled with the like disposition, redundant viscious Humours in the Body, Phlegm, Choler, and chief Melancholy; but the Procatarctical Errors committed in the use of res non naturales: Infants are taken with this Disease till they are Two Years and a half old, and sometimes after.   

CHAP. XLVI. Of a Convulsion.  
A Convulsion in Greek called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, according to the Celsus is a distension of the Nerves: Or thus, a Convulsion is a continual and involuntary contraction of the Nerves and Muscles towards their original, upon which there follows a stiffness, a deprivation of the Figure and Form of the Part, with a most cruel Pain, the Part affected is the Muscle, which is the proper Instrument of voluntary Motion.  
The nearest Cause of this Convulsion is an Irritation of the Nervous Parts, from any thing molesting and troubling the Muscle, the Animal Faculty, performing the Motion, being drawn into consent.  
The Material Causes are any Humours; (Phlegm only excepted) so that they have acquired also a certain occult enemical disposition in the Nerve; as also the Vapours and Humours in the Nerves, and Choleric Disease, which can pull the Nervous Parts, and become a true cause of Convulsion.  
A Convulsion is either of the whole Body, or it is of more or fewer parts; that which is of the whole Body doth constitute Three Species or Sorts; the first is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, when the Head, Neck, and upper parts of the Back is pulled together. The second 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is when those parts, or the lower parts of the Spine are vexed. The third is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, that wherein the Neck and whole Body appears stiff and bowed into neither part; but these last Species of the Cramp are very rare.  
Moreover there are other Species of the Convulsion, which are wont to be called Flatulent, which by the Italians is called Crampa, and vulgarly with us Cramp; this happeneth oftentimes to the Muscles of the Shoulders, Shins, Fingers, Hands and Feet; and this done with great Pain; that which is stirred up from Flatulentsy is not so dangerous; for that is easily taken away by frixion only.   

CHAP. XLVII. Of a Rhumatism.  
THe Rheumatic Affect is near of Kin to the Gout, in which not only the Joints, (as in the Gout) but in the whole Body, viz. in the middle spaces between the Joints, the Muscles, Membranes, and the whole Habit of the Body is tormented the Body is tormented with most cruel pains; this rises from a serous Humour, accompanied with a great Acrimonia, and sometimes there is joined with it a Flatus; also the Internal parts of the Body, as the Stomach, Intestines, Womb, Lungs etc. do sometimes sadly Experience the Rheumatic Affect.   

The Medicines proper for every Disease▪ and first for the Scurvy.  

● most Excellent Distilled Water.  
TAke the Bark of the Root of Cappers, Bark of the Root of the Ash-tree, Tops of Tammarise, Roots of Polypodium, of the Oak of each Two Ounces, Scurvygrass, Watercresses, the tops of Balm, Agremony, Ceterach, Germander, Chamapyteos, of each Two handfuls, the Seeds of Fennel, Anis, Carduus Benedictus, of each Two Drams and a half, Elder-flowers and Epithymi of each Two Pugils, the Flowers of Broom, Centaury the less, St. John's wort, of each Two Pugils, Oxymel, Scilliticum One Pound, White Generous Wine Four Pound; mix these together in a convenient Vessel for the space of 24 Hours, then let them be strained and pressed, and the Liquor Distilled in Ashes to a dryness. The Dose of this Water is Six Ounces every day Three Hours before Dinner.  
Or, Take the Juice of Garden Scurvygrass, Brooklime, of each Two Pound, the best Sugar Two Pound: Let it be well depurated with the White of an Egg, and boiled together to the consistence of a Syrup. Take of this Syrup Two or Three Spoonfuls every Morning and Evening.   

For a Gonorrhoea.  
TAke Liquorish Six Drams, the Seeds of Myrtle, Coriander Prepared, Plantin, Agnus Castus, of each One Dram, the Seeds of White Poppies Two Scruples, French Barley One Handful. Let all these be boiled in steeled Water, and of this take half a Pint every Morning.   

For a Dropsy.  
TAke choice Rhubarb One Dram, Soldanella Two Drams: Let this be administered in Four Ounces of Wormwood Water.   

For the Hypochondriack Affection.  
TAke the Roots of Cichory, Fennel, Smallage, Flower-de-luce of Florence, of each One Ounce, Enulacampain Six Drams, Asarabecca Two Drams, Liquorish One Ounce and a half, the Bark of Tamarise, Roots of Cappers, Elder and dwarf Elder, of each One Dram, Chamaepyteos, Chamaedryos Veronica, Maidenhair, Ceterach Bugloss of both sorts, Fumitory, tops of Asparagus, of each One Handful, Flowers of Bugloss, Broom, Tamarise, of each one Pugil, the Seeds of Anis, Fennel, of each Two Drams, Seeds of Caraway, Parsley, of each one Dram, Red Cicers One Pugil, Raisins of the Sun stoned One Ounce and a half, Prunes Five in Nº; Boyl these in a sufficient quantity of Water, adding toward the end a third part of Wine in Eight Pound of the strained Liquor, put in the Leaves of the best Senna, Roots of Polypodium, of the Oak of each Two Ounces, Turbith half an Ounce, the Seeds of Carthamus' beat One Ounce and a half, Cittrin Mirabalans and Cheps, of each Three Drams▪ blind the Rhubarb up in a Rag, and with Schananth one Dram, and Cinnamon two Drams, after a light decoction add the Syrup of Apples four Ounces, Sugar a sufficient quantity, boil it to the consistence of a Syrup. Of this take one Ounce and a half in the decoction of Red Cicers every other or every third Morning.   

The Histerick Passion.  
TAke Cinnamon Water, the Water of Orange Flowers, of each four Ounces, Castor four Grains; mix these together, and add to it three drops of the Oil of Amber, and take two Spoonfuls before, or in the Fit, and it will dissolve the Fit.   

For the Jaundice.  
TAke dried Horehound one handful, the best Rhubarh slicid one Dram, Schananth cut small five Grains, the best Saffron three Grains, Species Diarrhodon Abbatis one Scruple. Let these be all tied in a Rag, and infuse a sufficient quantity of Beer for a night, and drink a draught of it every Morning and Evening.   

For the Colic.  
TAke the Conserve of Rosemary-flowers two Ounces, Conserve of Roses, Species Diacumi and Diagalanga, of eaeh two Drams, Syrup of Mints a sufficient quantity, to make it into the form of an Electuary, of which let the Sick take the quantity of two Nutmegs three or four times in a day▪   

For the Inflammation of the Liver.  
TAke Cassia newly Extracted one Ounce, Rhubarb one Scruple: Of this make a Bolus by mixing it together. Take this in the Morning, and the next day open a Vein in the right Arm according to the strength of the Sick.  
Then take the Leaves of Agrimony, Ver●nica, Dodor, Scabias', Endive, Cichory, Dandelion, Wood-sorrel, Violet Leaves, Fumatory, Chamaepyteos, of each one handful, Wormwood half a handful. Boyl these in a sufficient quantity of Water, and then strain and sweete● it as you please to drink a draught three ●● four times in a day.   

For the Green-sickness  
TAke the Roots of Peo●●y, and also the Seeds hulled, of each one Dram, Red Roses half a Dram, a Nutmeg toasted two Scruples, Bay-berries half a Dram, the Powder of Schaenanth and of Saffron, ●f each one Scruple▪ the inward ●kin of the Gizzard of a Cock one Dram, Crocus Marti● Aperitive one Dram and a half, Cinnamon one Scruple; make of it all a fine Powder, of which as much as will lie upon a six Pence may be taken every Morning, and Exercise upon it to the warming of the whole Body.   

For the Peribneumonia, or Inflammation of the Lungs.  
TAke Julip of Violets three Ounces, Syrup of Jujubes' one Ounce, Violet Water half an O●nce, Manus Christi half an Ounce. ●ak● this three times in a day.  
Take Unguent Resumptivum spread upon a 〈◊〉, and apply it the pained side.   

For a pleurisy.  
TAke the Syrup of Violets two Ounces, Penids one Ounce, Syrup of Liquorish half an Ounce; mix these together, and lick of this often with a Liquorish-stick.  
Or, take Scabious Water and Enulacampain Water, of each two Ounces, Syrup of Violet and Coltsfoot, of each one Ounce; mix it, and of this let the Sick take twice or thri●e in a day.   

For an Impyemate or Ulcerated Lungs.  
TAke Sanicle, Bugle, Scabious, Bittony, St. John's wort, Carduus Benedictus, Mouse-ear, Burnet, Peruwincle, Agrimony, Plantin, of each one handful, the Seed of St. John's wort, and Carduus Benedictus, of each half a Dram, the Flowers of Roses, Borage, Bugloss, Violets, of each one Pugil; boil it in a Hydromel, of which, being strained, let the Sick take Six Ounces every day.   

For a Catarrh or Defluction of Rheum.  
TAke the Powder of Amber, Mastic, of each two Drams, of the Whitest Agaric one Dram, round Birthwort Roots half a Dram, with the Syrup of the Juice of Betony make a Mass for Pills, and take a Dram made into Pills in the Morning.   

For a Dyssentery.  
TAke the Seeds of Plantin dried and powdered, Troches of Carabe or Amber, Troches of Spidum, of each half an Ounce, Hartshorn burned one Scruple and a half, Red Coral one Scruple. Let these be subtly powdered and divided into three parts, and one part given with Red Wine, and the other with a Decoction of the Seeds of Plantain twice in a day.   

For a Dyarrhea.  
TAke Mastic two Ounces, dissolve it in Oil of Roses and Wax half an Ounce: Let them be well mixed into the form of a Lineament; let this be spread upon a Linen Cloth, and applied to the Belly.  
Take Rhubarb one Dram, Citrin Mirabalans half a Dram, Yellow Sanders half a Scruple: Let them be put into Plantain Water, and when it hath stood one night, let it be strained, put to it of Rhubarb Elect half, a Dram, Syrup of Roses one Ounce; mix it and let the Sick take it twice a day.   

For the Celiack and Lienteria or Flux from the Spleen.  
TAke two Spoonfuls of the Syrup of Quinces thrice in a day.   

For the Asthma.  
●●ke the Spirit of Aniseeds two parts, Mel Scilliticum one part, Cinnamon Water half a part; mix it, and of this take half a Spoonful at a time.  
Or, take Roots of Liquorish four Ounces, the Roots of Flower-de-luce two Ounces, Enulacompain one Ounce, of Angelica half an Ounce, a prepared Squil one Ounce, the Seeds of Fennel, Anis, of each one Ounce, Nettle S●●ds, Angelica Seeds, of each one Dram, Seeds of Watercresses one Dram, Spirits of Aniseed half an Ounce, Honey half a Poun●● Sug●r one Pound, Cinnamon six Dr●ms good generous White-wine a Gallon. Let 〈◊〉 ●e put into a convenient Vessel or Runlet to be preserved for use; the Asthmatick may drink a draught of it every day twice.   

For the Joynt-Gout.  
TAke Cariocostinum two Drams, Syrup of purging Thorn two Drams, Elder Water two Ounces; mix these and take it in the Morning, and keep your Chamber, and drink some Posset between your Stools.  
Take the Oil of Whelps, Oil of Lint-seeds, Oil of Bays, the Marrow of a Hart, of each half an Ounce; mix it together, and it will become a Lineament, with which anoint the pained side every Morning and Evening.   

For the Quinsy.  
TAke the Leaves of Plantain, Daises, of each one handful, Red Roses; let these be boiled in three pound of common Water, to which add one pound of Plantain Water, three Ounces of Scabious Water, Lint-seeds, Fenegreek-seeds, and the Seeds of Mallows, of each one Dram; boil these altogether to the consumption of the third part, and then being strained, add to it the Syrup of Mulberries, and Honey of Roses of each two Ounces, and with this let the Sick Gargoyle often.  
Take Oil of sweet Almonds one Ounce, Capon-grease, new Butter washed in Violet Water, of each half an Ounce, the Musalig of Lint-seed, and Fenegreek-seed, Seeds of Mallows, Marsh-mallows Extracted with Camomile Water, of each two Drams, a a little Yellow Wax, let a piece of Laud moistened in it be applied to the pained place.   

For the Palpitation or beating of the Heart.  
TAke the Heart of a Hart or a Goat, the Heart of a tame or wild Hog, wash them in Malligo Wine, then cut them into little pieces, then add the Leaves of Balm and Marjoram, of each one handful, Bugloss, Borage, Bugloss, Violet, Red Roses, Eazil-seeds one Dram, Citrin-seeds half a Dram, Cloves two Drams, Cinnamon six Drams, Mace, Yellow Sanders, and Wood of Aloes, of each one Dram, the things to be cut, let them be Cut, and the things to be beaten, let them be beaten, add to this two Pound of Malligo Wine, the Juice of Lemon one Ounce; and let these be distilled in Balneo, until the Water sends forth no more odour; and of this let the Sick take three or four Spoonfuls when they please.   

For the Worms.  
T●ke Wormseed, Corallina, Hartshorn; of eacb equal parts, 〈◊〉 being finely powdered, let the Child take as much as will lie upon a Groat.   

For the Rickets.  
TAke the Leaves of Osmond Royal, Hartstongue, Liver-wort, Ceterach, the Flowers of Tamarise, of each one handful, Raisins two Ounces, White Sanders, and Red Sassafras, of each two Drams, Coriander Seeds one Dram, Mace one Scruple, the tops of Sage half a handful; boil it in a sufficient quantity of Water to three pounds, and let it be sweetened with honey for its common drink.    

THe Medicines which follow are those with which we have performed great and stupendious Cures upon Diseases of long standing, occasioned from great and intricate Obstructions in plethoric Bodies, weakened and enfeebled in Body and Mind, and out of all hope in themselves, and after they have passed long and various courses in Physic, and these not one or two, as by chance, but upon very ●any, and failing none, (where Gods decree did not prohibit) and indeed such Encomiums were due to one only Medicine of Paracelsus, and that which no doubt was far short of other of his Arcana's, as indeed we are able to affirm the like, having Experience of the very same, and this Encomium given by a person who set himself to throw as much dirt as he could upon his Master; yet his desert extorted this Commendation from him, that his little Pills he administered as a Divine Medicine, he scrupled not to affirm, that by that Medicine he could put life into those that were as good as dead, and that while this Servant was with him, he made good in some Experiments.  
What then (if this be so) may be said not only of the same, but many far more excellent than that, and which have not only a power to revive, but also to enter into the inmost parts of Man's Body, and there in a friendly ●anner appease the enraged Archaeus or innate Spirit of a tenuate incide Cut, dissolves all tarterous and Coagulated Filths, opens stubborn and long Obstructions, cleanses and purifies the Blood, the Chariot of Life and Vital Spirits, separates between good and bad, summons them from all quarters to appear at the general Randisvous, and when fitted by preparing these alienated Humours, or Torterous Filths (call them what you please) to cast them out by the appointed passage as foreign Guests, not Homogenies to our Nature, and consequently not fit to inmate themselves there, by which means Obstructions are opened, Nature unburned, the Faculties set at liberty to perforn their respective Offices, the Blood Circulated, Nature revived, strength restored, the whole Body returned to its pristine vigour, and in some Disease Cured, so the Man repreved from the approaching Execution for a time, from that more certain Sentence; (it is appointed for all men once to die, and after death the Judgmenr) and though you have before Medicines proper to these Diseases; yet for the public good we propound what we before promised.  
Of those Medicines which performs the things mentioned, mowing down the most stubborn and truculent Disease, rooting out their Seeds, that by good Diet, and the due use of res non naturales before mentioned, for that end that new and better fruit may grow in the room.  
The first is our Pillulae Solares, or our Solar Pills, which are so called, because they are of the Nature and Operation of the Sun; for as the Sun is among the Stars, so is this Pill to other Medicines; the Son hath Light in itself, and being the Fountain of Light, communicates Light to others, and radiates the whole Universe with its Beams, attenuates and rarefies the thick, dissipates the thin, it Worms the Earth, the Womb of Vegetables and Minerals, it excites the whole Universe to perform its Office to which it is destinated. So to be short, these Pills of ours in like manner sheds forth their power in our Bodies, they open stubborn Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, Pancra's Missentery, Midriff, purges the Head, cleanses the whole Body of Phlegm and Melancholy, takes away Obstructions of the Viscera and Vriters, excites Nature into act, by which means these Pills Cure the Scurvy, Dropsy, Jaundice, Agues, Fevers, Kings-Evil, Rick●ts, Melancholy, Frenzy, Madness, Stinking-Breath, Vomiting, stopping of the Stomach, Green-sickness, want of Appetite, kills Worms; it Cures shortness of Breath, barrenness in Women, Fits of the Mother, stoppages of their Months, they dispose all filthy stinking Sores, Ulcers and Fistula's to healing, by mundifying and cleansing the Blood above all other remedies by altering and taking away thc acidity thereof, and separating its Hetrogeneous parts; they resist corruption and putrefaction of Humours; and these Pills are easy to take being few in number, small in Dose, gentle in operation, certain in success, being a certain remedy in most Diseases. And such as have been famous for doing good, and in some, as it was said of the Sun, they Eradiate the whole Microcosm with their solar Rays, shaving off the occasional Causes of Disease, and enlivening the Archaeus or innate Spirit, and enabling it to put forth all its power into Acts, by which means the Functions are set at liberty to perform their respective Offices. Besides these Pills Cure the Scurvy and Pox above all other Remedies, causing the filthy Scabs to vanish, and in short time to fall off like Leaves in Autumn; restoring the Body in statu quo prius, clearing the Skin of all morphewous filths, and reducing it to its former floridity. They that have this Remedy will want few others, and for all men's use because cheap in price, and excellent in their Effects.  
The next Remedy is our Cordial Wine, which Cures the Scur●y, Leves Venerea, Dropsy and Gonorrhoea; this Cordial Wine purges the Blood, and frees it from all watrishness, it opens Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, purifies the Blood, promotes its Circulation, comforts the Heart, revives the Spirits, opens the Pores, causes gentle breathe, and by gentle transpiration frees the Body from burdensome offending Humours and Filths cast to the Habit, by which means the Body becomes quick, nimble and sprightly, fit for the performance of its Offices with agility and pleasure; and as this Wine is of great Virtue, so it is of small price, and therefore a Remedy for the Poor.  
The third Remedy is our Anodyn, which puts forth superlative Effects in the Gout, Stone, and almost in all Diseases, and especially in the most deplorable, it is a most Rich high Cordial, comforting and reviving the Spirit in the most languishing Disease, seewtens the Blood, thickens Rheums, stops and totally takes away Catarrhs, strengthens the Brain, opens the Pores, causes gentle transpiration, an Effectual Remedy in all Rheumatisms, giving sweet, delightful and safe ease in all manner of pain, even in the Stone and Gout, in Excoriation of the Lungs, and Aspira Arteria, it is a good Remedy by which Consumption and ulceration of the Lungs are prevented, and consequently many delivered (to our Knowledge) from inevitable death.  
In Vapours and Fits of the Mother, where all Remedies have failed this hath never. This Remedy dulls and takes away the Orgasmus Sanguinis, which puts the Womb into such a fury, that no other Remedy will so certainly, safely and speedily appease it.  
This being a Disease so general almost to all the Female Sex, of what Condition or Degree soever, and that which so miserably afflicts so many, making their Lives so uncomfortable, and by which means have cause to believe many are dispatched to the Grave alive, under a bare suspicion that they are dead, when they are only in a Fit through the ignorance of relation and tender, these things considered, what a value would this put upon such Remedies as that hath been found to be, in truth time would fail us if we should tell the Times, Cases and Persons wherein we have put a stop to the most Impetuous Carrear of the most truculent Disease, Acute, Peracute and Chronical, we could instance in Fevers, Consumption, and sometimes where according to the Indicium of Diseases, we have had good reason to believe a beginning Consumption of the Lungs, by means of this Remedy the Rheums have been thickened, the Brain comforted, the Blood sweetened, the taste, whether Salt or Acid, of the Catarrh or Snivil altered and sweetened, the Hectic appeased, the Feverish Morbific Matter cast through the Pores, they being gently opened, the Archaeus quieted, the Lungs eased, and a respite being procured to them from violents, occasioned from perpetual Coughing and Labour to pump up the offending Matter, and this not by stopping the proper passages of Expectoration and weakening of Nature, stupifying the senses, but by altering the dsposition of this foreign Guest, strengthening of Nature, com●orting and reviving of the Spirits, fortifying of the parts, and especially them most concerned, the Brain and Lungs, cooling the Fever: This and much more is done, if the Testimony of the Sick may be believed, by this means as is said we have Cured Beginning Consumption, and never could perceive the least Vestigium or Footstep of any inconveniensie arising thence, and therefore this may be called Divine Anodynum for its apparent and superlative Effects that it puts forth in the most dolorous and afflicting Distempers, and as in these so in many others.  
Our next Remedy is our Laudanum without Opium, which appeases the Archaeus, Eradiates the whole Microcosm with its solar Rays, the Remedy is a true restorer and preserver of Health, being given four times in a Month, a preservative, and commonly three times in a week for a Curative; for this Medicine Eradiates its Virtue through the whole Body, and Expels from it all Impurites, either sensibly by Sweat or Urine, or insensibly by gentle or amicable transpiration.  
The Fourth is our famous Antidote or Remedy against Convulsions and Falling-sickness, with two or three Spoonfuls of of which, according to age and strength we have snatched many from the Jaws of Death, where the Distemper hath baffled the mosr powerful and prevailing Remedies against those Diseases, Instances of which we shall give you hereafter at the latter end of this Book; and though we have used them for may years, yet to our Knowledge have not failed where instructions have been observed; this Remedy hath no apparent Operation by either Vomit or Stool, and suitable to any Age or Condition.  
Fifthly our sure Balsam for the Asthma, shortness of Bre●th and Consumption; where this doth not good none will, which we have Experienced for many Years as a sure Remedy easy to take for all Ages or Sexes, a Balsam which we believe will never corrupt or decay.  
The Sixth is our Vegetable Cordial Tincture, whose Virtue will commend itself, be-being a high Cordial, and of Volatile parts, friendly to our Microcosm, next of Kin to our Animal and Vital Spirits, and therefore quickly and easily assimilated and drawn into Unity with us, and Corroborates the Heart, revives the Spirit, opens the Pores, and all Obstructions, is singular against Lipothymia and Syncope, all Swooning and Faintings whatsoever flowing from a debility of the Spirits, or Obstruction of the Nobler parts, or defis●entsie of supply to the Lamp of Life, good in all Fevers whether malignant or pestilent of what sort soever.  
The Seventh is our Cordial or Cachexical Pill, so called because it is our infallible Remedy against all Female Obstructions, Green-sickness, Feebleness, shortness of Breath, pain in tha Head, sides proved so by many infallible Experiments, and is highly Cordial, and without any manifest Operation, it wonderfully strengthens the Heart, revives the Spirits, corroborates and strengthens the Heart, by bringing in fresh supplies of Fuel to the Vital Fire, it takes away the pain of the Head after a wonderful manner. In sum, its Dose is whatsoever any Physician can in that Cousin desire.  
The Eighth is our Remedy against Consumption, and all Distempers of the Lungs which is a precious Balsam next of Kin to our Humidum Radical, it comforts all the Natural powers of the whole Body, it purifies the Blood from all Impurities, from whence various and cruel Diseases are wont to arise, it preserves from the Apoplexy, Convulsion of the Nerves, Leprosy, Leves Venerea, it is the only Specificum of the Lungs: It preserves from, and Cures the Asthma, it takes away both old and new Coughs, it consumeth and dries up defluction flowing from the Head, it comforts the Brain, it hinders the ventasitie of the Stomach and Colic, it is an admirable remedy for the Hectic, comforting and strengthening of Nature, it is a secret help for Consumptions, increasing the radical moisture, it wonderfully conduceth in the Gout, whether in the Joints or Feet, as also in the Sciatica. Like an occult Fire it consumeth Diseases as Fire consumeth Wood  
The next is our Pill Hydragogum, which opens Obstructions of the Viscera, Liver, Missentery, Spleen, and all other parts, cleansing the Stomach of all Clammy and Phlegmatic Matter, sticking to the Tunicle thereof, Curing the Dropsy, and all waterish Distempers, cleansing and strengthening the Liver, and the Tone of all the parts, destinated to Concoction, washing and shaving off all slimy Matter adhering to the Viscera, the refuse of imperfect Concoction.  
The Tenth is our Remedium Melangogum, which we have Experienced in all Melancholy Affects, and in which we have failed none, and that these may appear to be more than words, we will give you Instances of Persons by Name, and Place of abode that we have Cured, and such as have been despicably afflicted with this Black and sad Disease even to despair of Cure, and despair in Mind, and some that have come to a Mania, the highest Degree of Madness.  
And this Remedy does by a very gentle opening of Obstructions, by inciding, cutting, and dissolving of the Tarterous Clammy Filths that obstruct the Viscera, Missentery. Liver, Spleen and Stomach, wonderfully altering the temper of the Humours and Parts, and by consequence takes away all Instamation and Dyscrasia Sanguinis in the Parts where these Filths are used to stick; so that the Tarterous Clammy Matters are washed away, the Stomach gently cleansed, the Flatus Hypochoudraicus repealed, and strangely allayed, the Hypochondriack pains vanish, and the Mind quieted, and Health restored, the Mind, and so the Body Capacitated to put forth all its wont Offices, for the welfare of its own Being.  
The Eleventh is our Febrisiga, which Cures Fevers, and all Quartan Agues by a gentle Operation in opening Obstructions of the Spleen, and all the harberers of Melancholy Filths, taking away the ferment of Fevers and Agues, and that in a short time.  
Our Specisicum for the Rickets, which Cures in a short time by opening Obstructions of the Vessels destinated to Concoction, and takes away the occasion of that sad Symptom the Atrophia, the wasting and consuming of one Part, by an Erroneous distribution of the Aliment, which ought to be sent to it, and assimilated by it, and the monstrous growth of some one Part by altering the Aliment due unto it. These and all other grievous Symptoms attending this Disease are taken away, in a wonderful manner in a short time.  
And there is yet another, viz. our Remedy most peculiar to all Women against all Vapours, whether Histerick, viz. from the Womb, or from the Hypochondriack, which marvellously suppresses all Melancholy Fumes from the Womb, Spleen, Stomach, or any other parts, by which means it Cures Fits of the Mother, Palpitation of the Heart, Pains in the Stomach, with those Pains that so much afflict Women at the upper part of the Oesophagus, or in the Throat, which makes them fear they shall be suddenly Choked Fits, Heart-qualmnes, all manner of Effects rising from Fumes below the Head, Pains of the Head, Swoundings, Faintings rising from any cause, of which we have had many Hundred Experiments.  
And lastly our Remedium Faetisicum, which is a singular Medicine against barrenness, it cleanses the Womb from all things that hinder Conception, it worms, strengtheners, and disposes it to bear Fruit, it takes away the Impediments proceeding from what Cause soever; it is easy to take, being very pleasant, and without any manifest Operation, and that of which we have had Experience.  
FINIS.   

ERRATA.  
Page, 35, Line 13, for, gingi pepicnm r, gingipedium, p, 40, l, 16, deal in, p, 51, l, 14, r, Exanthemata, p. 61, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 r, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p, 59, l, 15, r, Hypochondries, p. 61, l, 3, r, Hypochodrais, p, 105, l, 4, r, verulentsy, p, 113, l, 15, for thousand r, hundreds, p, 120, l, 9, deal second is, p, 121, l, 3, r, thin, l, 5, r, being, l. 17, r, Siccus, p, 128, l, 18, deal not, p, 140, l, 10, r, perceptable, p, 148, l, 1, for tales r, tabes, p, 154 l, 2, r, called, p, 160, l, 8, r, very, p, 162, l, 11, for by r, without, p, 18, l, 1, r, sadden, p, 177, l, 1, r, peppered, l, 7, r, foregoing, 178, l, 24, r, Oleaginous, ●, ●70, r, indeed if.