AN ANSWER OF THE COMPANY OF Royal Adventurers OF ENGLAND TRADING INTO AFRICA, TO THE PETITION and PAPER of certain Heads and Particulars thereunto relating and annexed, exhibited to the Honourable House of Commons by Sir Paul Painter, Ferdinando Gorges, Henry Batson, Benjamin Skutt, and Thomas Knights, on the behalf of Themselves and Others concerned in His Majesty's Plantations in America. Anno Dom. 1667. To the Right Honourable the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses Assembled in PARLIAMENT. The Humble Petition of Sir Paul Painter Knight, Ferdinando Gorges, Henry Batson, Gentlemen, and Benjamin Skutt and Thomas Knights Merchants, in behalf of themselves and others concerned in His Majesty's Plantations in America. HUMBLY SHOWETH, THat His Majesty's Plantations (having been the most considerable Trade of this Nation) were at first raised, and have been brought to the perfection that they now are at, and now do, and did always most principally subsist by the labour of Negro Servants, and a plentiful supply of them. That formerly there hath always been a freedom of Trade for all His Majesty's Subjects for Negroes on the whole coast of Guiney, by reason whereof the said Plantations have been plentifully supplied with Negroes of the best sort, and at an indifferent rate, to the great increase of the said Plantations, and the advantage and profit of this Crown and Nation. That there is of late a new erected Company of Adventurers Trading into Africa, who claiming to themselves the sole and only Trade for Negroes on the coast of Guiney, have totally obstructed the former free Trade of all Adventurers thither; and having contracted with Foreigners for the supply of the Spanish Plantations with Negroes, do leave the English Plantations in America, which produce the same Commodities with the Spanish, either ill supplied, and at excessive prices, or not at all supplied; by reason whereof, and of the obstruction of the freedom of Trade for Negroes as aforesaid, all His Majesty's Plantations in America are at present much decayed, and unless a timely remedy be provided, will speedily be brought to inevitable destruction. Your Petitioners do therefore most humbly pray Your Honours, upon consideration of the Premises, and of the Paper hereunto annexed, to provide such remedy therein as to Your Grave Wisdoms shall seem fittest, And Your Petitioners, as in duty bound, shall ever pray, etc. Paul Painter. Henry Batson. Ferdinando Gorges. Benjamin Skutt. Thomas Knights. Die Veneris, 15 Nou. 1667. A Petition of Sir Paul Painter Knight, Ferdinando Gorges Gent. and others, on the behalf of themselves and others, concerning His Majesty's Plantations in America, and the Paper of certain Heads and Particulars relating thereto, and annexed to the Petition, were read. Resoved, etc. THat the said Petition and Paper annexed be committed to the Committee of the whole House appointed to take into consideration the general Balance of Trades; And that the Clerk of this House do deliver Copies thereof to such persons as shall desire the same on the behalf of the Royal Company, or other persons concerned, who are to deliver in their Answer thereto in writing by this day seven-night; and that the Royal Company do then cause their Charter to be brought in. WILL. GOLDESBROUGH, Cler. Dom. Com. The Paper of certain Heads and Particulars annexed, and relating to the aforementioned Petition. THE great and high Advantages which have formerly accrued unto his Majesty and his Subjects, by his Majesty's Colonies in America, may much appear in these Particulars. 1. The said Colonies have yearly employed above Four Hundred Sail of Ships, most of them considerable both of burden and force, to the great encouragement of Navigation, and increase of Seamen, which have been ever reputed as the main Bulwark and Defence of this Nation. 2. The said Ships for the most part were fraughted out with Manuctures of England, (viz.) Shoes, Stockings, Serges, Broad-cloaths, Carseys, Hats, all sorts of Wrought Iron; with great store of Provisions, as Beef, Butter, Flower, Pease, etc. which gave Employment and Bread to many Thousands of Families here, and put a Value upon the Commodities of our own Growth and Manufacture; which otherwise would have soon abated in their price, and been of little worth. 3. The said Ships in return of the said Goods and Manufactures came laden home with Sugars, Cotton, Ginger, Indigo, Tobacco, etc. all which were produced by the Industry of the laborious Planter, with the help and former constant supply of Negroes brought to them from the Coast of Guiney, etc. without which the said Colonies must inevitably be reduced to ruin and destruction. 4. The Manufacture of this Nation exported, as also the Sugars, etc. imported, brought in a great Revenue unto his Majesty's Customs; which was not only very considerable in its self, in respect of other vast Advantages which accrued thereby unto his Majesty and Subjects in general, (viz.) The most part of the said Sugars, etc. were from hence shipped out again and exported into Foreign Countries, and by that means returned back unto us large sums of Money or Commodities equivalent, for that upon the great Wheel of Trade of good and Staple Commodities are little inferior to, or less affected than ready Bullion. The Answer of the Royal Company to the Paper of certain Heads and Particulars annexed and relating to the Petition. THe said Company do acknowledge, That his Majesty's Plantations are considerable for the Trade of this Nation, and so were, before the Establishment of this Company: But they say, That the said Plantations were never so well supplied during the pretended freedom of Trade for Blacks, as they have been by this Company, since they were established, nor his Majesty's Revenue by Customs larger, nor the Trade for those parts ever more fully supplied with all sorts of Merchandises and Provisions. An Account of divers Obstructions to the beforementioned Advantages, occasioned by the late erected Company of Adventurers trading into Africa, who have solely engrossed the Guiney Trade for Negroes; which must inevitably ruin His Majesties said Colonies in America, unless timely prevented. 1. THE said Guiny Trade for Negroes was formerly Free to all Adventurers, and that without prejudice to the Gold Trade there, which was heretofore managed by the East India Company, for that the same cannot be well maintained without a great and general Charge, as the building of Forts, settling continued Factories, etc. which the Trade for Negroes in no wise requires, It being the most usual way for the said Adventurers to procure their Negroes by Ranging or Coasting it along those vast Territories, without entrenching upon, or assistance from the said Factories and Forts. By which freedom of the said Adventurers Trade the Planters were heretofore plentifully supplied with Negroes upon reasonable terms, without which they cannot subsist; And likewise had of course considerable Credit with the said Adventurers, whereby the said Colonies have attained unto their late perfection, without any cost or charge to this Kingdom; And unless such freedom be continued, the Plantations already completed will soon decay, and those that are in their Infancy never advance. And as to the Obstructions which they object this Company have given to that Trade, They hope this Honourable House will by the Answers hereunder written receive satisfaction, and judge that the Petitioners Complaints are altogether causeless. In Answer to their first Article, the said Company say, THe whole Trade of Guiney, Binny, and Angola, was incorporated many years since by a Patent, as now it is; and those Patentees purchased Lands of the Natives, and for their necessary security erected several Forts, Garrisons, and Factories, on the Gold Coast, and other places; who after they applied themselves principally to the Trade of Gold, did in few years lose the greatest part of their Stock; and the reason was, because the profit of that Trade would not defray their charge of maintaining Forts and Factories, and the hire of Ships, which brought home nothing but a Pot of Gold to defray their freight, there being at that time very little or no Trade for Blacks to the Plantations. About ten or twelve years since they licenced Ships at 10 per Cent. on the Cargoes: And then, the exporting of Gold out of England being prohibited, and the Trade of India being principally carried on with ready money, the East-India Company for their conveniency hired the Castles, Forts, and Trade of the Gold-Coast, of the said former Company, which did turn to account to them, in regard their Ships outward bound to India touched there without any considerable charge, landed their Goods, and carried away the Gold to India: But since this Company was erected, they having settled several more considerable Forts and Factories, and been at charge to maintain them, they have found, That the Trade of the Gold-Coast cannot possibly be maintained without the Negro Trade: And notwithstanding what the Petitioners say to the contrary, That very Negro Trade cannot be carried on so well as by going first to the Gold-Coast, and taking thence some of those Negroes for Guardians to the Leeward Coast Negro. And should not this Trade for Negroes be carried on by a Company, as the Petitioners confess the Gold-Coast Trade ought to be, the Traders would be subject to the Injuries, Affronts, and Losses as formerly, of which the private Traders a little before the beginning of the late Dutch War complained to this Honourable House against the Dutch, alleging their Losses alone, immediately before the erecting of this Company, to amount unto 300000 l. Sterling, or thereabouts; for the prevention of which, this Company since their Trading there have constantly sent out Ships of force to protect their Trade for Blacks; and whenever that care is neglected, that Trade will be lost; for the charge of its protection cannot be maintained by private Traders. And the said Company farther say, That they have supplied the Plantations more plentifully and cheaper, and given as much credit or more for Negroes, than ever the private Traders did or could give, as will appear; by which means all the Plantations have flourished more than ever they did, until the late War broke out: So that it may reasonably be concluded, That if the Negro Trade should be separated from the Gold-Coast Trade, and so left open, it would certainly lose the Gold-Trade, which cannot bear its own expense, and prove a great prejudice to, if not the ruin of the American Plantations. 2. The said late erected Company are of late very much sunk in their Credits amongst Merchants, Owners of Shipping and Tradesmen, to many of whom they are very much indebted for Freight of their Ships and Goods, And being often demanded to pay the same Debts, they have refused, and still do refuse to pay the same, declaring they have no effects in their hands to enable them so to do; and so by consequence their Trade following their Credit, they are, and needs must be very uncapable to afford the said Colonies any suitable supply of Negroes, and also manage their Gold-Trade; Whereupon they have lately taken up an unknown way of granting their Licences to others of his Majesty's good Subjects to fetch Negroes from Guiny, exacting for the same two, three, four and five Hundred pounds a Ship; which said Sums of Money some have been enforced to give, or sit still, and suffer their Plantations to come to ruin, which is the most intolerable Grievance and Oppression that ever was imposed upon his Majesty's Subjects planting in these parts, and trading to the same. To the second the said Company say, It's too true, That the Company is indebted to several persons, occasioned by their great losses; viz. There was taken from them at Goree by de Ruyter the value of 100000 l. Sterling, at Cormentine 60000 l. Sterling, at Sereleon 4000 l. Sterling, at Syrinam and S. Christopher's 20000 l. Sterling. But these Losses could not have sunk the Companies Credit, had the Planters and Merchants, especially those of Barbados, complied with their obligations, who own the Company 90000 l. Sterling, of which they of Barbados own 60000 l. Sterling, which last debt is thrice as much as the Company owes to any besides their own Members. Yet the Company do not refuse to pay their debts, but pay interest to all their Creditors, and do discharge Principal and Interest as fast as their effects come in, which are coming daily. Nor have they only enough left to pay their debts, but likewise to carry on the Gold-Trade, and furnish the Plantations yearly with as many Negroes as they shall have occasion for, and that at moderate rates, hoping they will pay their old debts, and be more just and punctual in their payments in future. But yet they acknowledge, because their Effects were abroad, they were forced rather than the Plantations should want a supply of Negroes for this time, to give Licenses to several persons to Trade to Guiney, and have taken of them towards the maintenance of Forts 3 l. per Tun, or 10 per Cent. on the Cargo, which is less than the Company pays in proportion upon their whole Trade; which is the course that hath been taken not only by the former Guiney Company, but by the East-India Company in their late united Stock: And the Company hath hitherto been so careful to supply the Plantations, that in the time of the great Contagion (when all people fled from the City) they did dispatch nine Ships to Guiney purposely to supply them with Negroes, and so have continued dispatching Ships successively all the time of the late War, so that there hath not been any want of Negroes in any of the Plantations. 3. They have contracted with the Spaniards to supply them yearly for a term of years with Thousands of Negroes, which the Spaniard employs in planting the same Commodities in his Plantations, as are now planted in His Majesty's Plantations; which Contract the said Company hitherto have not, and for the future must not fail to perform, although his Majesty's Plantations remain totally unsupplyed; whereby the Spanish Plantations and Commodities must of necessity flourish and rise, and his majesty's moulder away, and come to nothing, Whereas the Free Adventurers for the Negro's Trade formerly never used to sell any Negroes to the Spaniards or other Foreigners whatsoever, but brought all to his Majesty's Plantations, and thereby the same being plentifully and at indifferent rates supplied with Negroes, have risen to be so considerable a part of the Interest and care of the Crown of England, as they now are. To the third the said Company say, It is true, That the Company understanding that the Spaniards were Treating with the Dutch West-India Company to furnish them yearly with a number of Negroes, for preventing of that Bargain to the Hollanders (which must inevitably have brought a great inconveniency upon the Plantations, by the competition with the Hollanders for the procuring of Negroes) and to bring a considerable return in ready money into this Kingdom, and hoping thereby in time to introduce a Trade into the Spanish West-Indies, did contract with them for the delivery of a certain number of Negroes yearly (though at a low rate, yet such as would have brought yearly into this Kingdom in pieces of Eight 100000 l. Sterling,) on purpose to keep the Trade from the Dutch: But they never delivered to the Spaniards more than 1200 Negroes, nor are they obliged to deliver them any more, because they have broken their Articles with the Company. And notwithstanding that Agreement, the Company furnished the Plantations with 6000 Negroes and upwards every year; which were more than they would buy of the Company, who were forced to keep many of them on their hands until they perished: And it seems very strange the Planters should complain of the Companies selling Negroes to the Spaniards, when as they themselves sold many of the Negroes they bought of the Companies Factors to the Spaniards; Nor do the Spaniards, as they allege, employ their Negroes to make the same Commodities as our Plantations do furnish: For it's well known they use them chief in their Silver-Mines, and Domestick-Service. 4. They have greatly opposed the Planters in putting an unreasonable Price upon the Negroes, which were brought upon the said Companies Account, for that formerly they were sold for 12, 14, and 16 pounds Sterling a Head, or 1600 l. and 1800 l. of Sugar, And now of late Five and twenty pounds a Head Sterling would have been given by his Majesty's Subjects the Planters, when at the same time they sold to the Spaniards the Chief of their Negroes for Eighteen pounds Sterling a Head, intending thereby to compel the said Planters to a most unreasonable Compliance; By which means also none but the Refuse Negroes were left to be sold unto the English Planters, who refusing to buy the said Refuse most of them died upon the said Companies hands; And the said Planters have been of late so meanly supplied, that Negroes are now sold to them at the rate of Thirty pounds Sterling, or Five thousand pound of Sugar each Negro; This usage so discontented the Planters, that they resolved not to load upon the said Companies Ships, although the Freight was offered by them under half the value then given to other Ships, and the Grievances of the Planters in this particular in all probability might too much contribute to the too easy Surrender of St. Christopher's and Syrinam. To the Fourth the said Company say, The Company did supply very plentifully all the Plantations with Negroes; and that there might be no cause of Complaint, they informed themselves immediately after the sealing of the Patent how Negroes had been sold the four precedent years, and found that 17 l. per Head or 2400 pound of Sugar was the medium price, and they ordered their Factors to sell them to the Planters accordingly, and gave notice thereof to his Excellency the L. Willoughby Governor of the Barbadoss, etc. to be communicated to all the Plantations; Who did publish the same by Drum and Trumpets, and caused the Companies printed Declaration to be fixed in all public places of the Island of Barbadoes, etc. Copies of both which Letters are hereunto annexed. And the Company say its utterly untrue, That the Planters would have given 25 l. for such Negroes as were sold the Spaniards, or that none but Refuse Negroes were left to be sold to the Planters; for that the Company always did order them to be sold in Lots according to the custom of the Country. It may be true, they have of late (by reason of the Accidents of the War) paid 30 l. for Negroes; and so we have in London given 6 l. per Cauldron for Coals, when before the War they were sold at 20 s. But it is utterly untrue, That the Planters for that pretended cause refused to load Goods on the Companies Ships; for they have constantly refused those advantageous offers of cheap Freight on the Companies Ships from the beginning, even at that time when Negroes were sold them at 17 l. per Head. And it is a sufficient Evidence, that Syrinam and St. Christopher's were very well supplied with Negroes, by the great Loss the Company had in each place; and also by Letters received from the Governor of Syrinam, who owns, That the Credit they had from this Company had brought that Place to that good condition they were in before the Dutch possessed it. 5. The Affairs of the said late erected Company are managed and carried on in a way very grievous; for when any Disputes have arisen between them and their Masters, and Owners of Ships, or Seamen, etc. they will ever be their own Judges; They have unjustly, and without any good colour, seized and converted to their own uses here in England divers parcels of Merchants Goods without any legal proceed, alleging that they will not be tried by Juryes, etc. And if it happen that any Person whose Goods they have wrongfully seized seek his remedy by his Majesty's known Laws of the Land, they presently threaten to cause the Matter to be brought before, and determined by his Majesty and Council; and accordingly have done it, to the end they might over-awe all Persons at their own will and pleasure, and affright them from endeavouring to seek after the usual, plain and appointed way of Legal proceed for the redress of the Wrongs they receive from them. To the fifth the said Company say, There have never any differences arisen between the Company and any of their Masters and Owners of Ships, or Seamen, which have not been amicably ended in the same manner as the East-India Company determined matters of that nature: And as to that charge, That the Company have unjustly, and without any good colour, seized and converted divers parcels of Merchants Goods to their own use, the Company say, That they never did use any such unjust practice; but they acknowledge, That the Petitioner Skutt having let a Ship to this Company for a Voyage to Guiney, and by Charter-party covenanting to carry no other but the Companies Goods therein, the Company upon search made in the said Ship found a parcel of Goods which were none of theirs, nor licenced by them to be carried, and thereupon they ordered them to be taken out of the said Ship, and carried into the Companies Warehouse; and afterwards one John Kirckham, who it seems was Partner with the said Skutt, brought his Suit in the Exchequer against some of the Servants employed by this Company; and thereupon (true it is) that the Company did humbly represent the truth of the matter before the King and Council, praying their direction therein, conceiving if a practice of this nature should be admitted, it would be destructive to the Charter: But the King and Council made no Order therein; and afterwards the said Kirkham did agree to refer the matter to two of this Company, yet to this day has not made any application to have the same determined; and the Company now are and ever were ready to appear and answer any Suit he or any other shall commence against them at Law; And they say, that is absolutely false, that the Company ever said they would not be tried by Jury; which imputation being so scandalous and false, the Company hopes this Honourable House will give them reparations against the Petitioners. 6. The Dutch West-India Company had formerly a fare greater Trade to Guiney than the English; but for many years past, before the constitution of this Company, and whilst the Trade for Gold was in the management of the Worthy the East-India Company, and an open free Trade for Negroes allowed to all Adventurers, the said Dutch Trade did yearly so apparently decay, that One hundred pound Sterling of their Original and Principal Stock was not worth Ten pounds Sterling, Whereas since the said late erected Company have taken place, each One hundred pounds Sterling of the Dutch is now become worth near Sixty pounds Sterling, And the Concerns of the English go as much to wrack, and will undoubtedly in a few years, as also his Majesties said Colonies in America, unless seasonably prevented, be brought to nought. To the sixth the said Company say, It's wholly untrue what they allege; for it is notorious that from the time of the forming of this Company, to the time of the Ruyters taking their Ships at Goree, the Hollands West-India Stock declined from 14 to 10 per Cent. and was never since valued at above 18 per Cent. at highest, which advance proceeded from their Capture of this Companies Estate, and not from the maladministration of the Trade; for without reflection upon the East-India Company, they affirm, (and let their Books and this Companies be Judges) That this Company sent out more Goods in one year to that Coast, than the East-India Company did in all those five years in which they had the Trade: And which is yet more, for every shillings-worth of English Manufacture which that Company exported for that Trade, this Company sent a pounds-worth, and that of Manufactures of the same Species, which this Company procured to be made here, and the East-India Company bought from Holland: So as it appears, That neither the Hollanders Trade or Stock is so much increased, nor ours decreased, as the Petitioners most mistakingly allege; nor can this Company be affected with any thing but what befell them by the War, which was their misfortune, and not their crime. 7. If it shall be objected, That this Company doth not participate of a Monopoly, because their Books were laid open for all men to subscribe that would? It is answered, That their Books indeed were for some time laid open, But not till upon good grounds it was generally believed that the most part of their Stocks was consumed, And they had run themselves upon so many other great Inconveniencies, That no prudent Merchant, who only aimed at a Profit upon the Stock, without seeking after indirect Advantages from the Company in other byways, would engage amongst them. Paul Painter. Henry Batson. Ferdinando Gorges. Benjamin Skutt. Thomas Knights. To the seventh the said Company say, The Companies Books were open when the Charter was first granted and made public, as by the several Printed Declarations hereunto annexed doth appear, which were fixed in all parts of England, and in all the American Plantations: And no disparagement to the Petitioners, as prudent and honest men as themselves did subscribe without any of those indirect and by-aims as they pretend, as this Honourable House will perceive when they peruse the list of the Adventurers names hereunto annexed; and we doubt not but they will likewise give reparations to so many worthy persons as by this Article are scandalously abused; Especially when it shall be considered, First, That the Stock which preceded this present Stock was never more than 17400. l. and though the most part of that were laid out in erecting two Forts, and settling Garrisons to secure the whole Trade of the River of Gambia; yet no man that knows any thing of the importance of that River, would think that a consumption of the Stock, but a most prudent employment of it, from whence a plentiful harvest of profit was rationally to be expected, and hath been, and may yet more abundantly be reaped; and therefore the Merchants who engaged in the new Subscription were not so imprudent as the Petitioners report them. Secondly, That those Merchants who engaged in this present Additional Stock, were not men that aimed at indirect Advantages by it; for de facto it will appear by the Books, that those who had the administration of it, did so faithfully and industriously manage the Trade, and so far engaged their own personal Credits for the Common Interest, that before 80000 l. of the subscribed Stock was paid in, they had sent out to the value of 150000 l. and by a clear balance of the Books had gained 80000 l. From all which this Company doth humbly presume to hope that the Wisdom of Parliament will discover: That this Trade incorporated to this Company is in its Constitution National. That without Forts and force by Land and Sea, it cannot be secured to this Kingdom. That without the Royal Authority, and a Joint Stock, those Forts and Forces cannot be supported. That the whole Charge cannot be born, but by the United Advantage of the Trade of the whole Coast of Africa. And upon the whole, that these Petitioners Allegations will resolve into this, That they being possessed of a sufficient part of our Stock on which to manage the Trade of Blacks themselves, they would have the Authority of this House to follow it for their own Accounts, as they have had the advantage of the dilatory proceed of the Courts of Barbadoes, to detain the company's Estate from them, wherein the Planters (our Debtors) are Judges. One thing the said Company must needs add, That they believe a Correspondence must needs have been between these Complainers and the Dutch; for before we knew any thing of their Design, or before they had presented their Petition to this Honourable House, they had taken care to make the Dutch rejoice at the Ruin of the Royal Company, which is expressed in the Harlem Gazett of the 30th. of October. So that we have too much cause to suspect they are underhand set on by the Dutch West-India Company, who doubtless would purchase the Dissolution of this Company with a greater Sum of Money than ever was subscribed to support it. By Order of the Company of Royal Adventurers of England Trading into Africa. ELLIS LEIGHTON, Secret.