Learn OF A turk, OR Instructions and Advise sent from the Turkish Army at Constantinople, to the English Army at London.  
Faithfully and Impartially communicated by M.B. one of the Attendants of the English Agent there.  Eccles. 1.9. 
The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be, that which is done, is that which shall he done: and there is no new thing under the Sun.  
LONDON, Printed in the first month of the great Platonic year, Called anciently by some in English, As you were. 1660.   

To the READER.  
REader, Although thou hast not much skill in foreign Names, yet if thou hast any little skill in domestic affairs, thou mayest out of this discourse pick some knowledge of our Miseries past: of our Miseries present, with the root and spring of them, and of the most probable means of redeeming them for the future. God make our Grandees in the Army, and out of the Army, wise by the harms of others (they that build much upon the confidence of an Army, build upon a quicksand) And God make them honest after the Example of others, or else the men of Niniveh shall rise up in judgement against this Government, Matth. 12.41. And the Turks Circumcision shall judge and condenm these men's baptism, yea, though it be Anabaptism.   

The meaning of several Names mentioned in the following discourse.  

janissaries. The Turks foot soldiers.  
Spahies. The Troopers or Horsemen.  
Seraglio. The great Turks Palace.  
Divan. The public council.  
Sanrack. A Colonel.  
Beg. A petty Lord or governor of a small Province.  
Beglerbeg. A great Lord that hath many beys under him.  
Segmen Bassa. The Lieutenant General of the foot.  
Imbrahir Bassa. The Master of the Horse.  
Bostangi Bassa. The chief gardener, who is ordinarily the Turks Executioner.  
Aga of janissaries. Captain General of the foot.  
Bassa. The greatest Commander and governor the Turk hath abroad.  
Vizier a Bassa. Called from abroad, and made of the council at home.  
Grand Vizier. The Lieutenant General of the Empire, Viceroy, the second man in the kingdom.  
Chimacham. The third man in the kingdom, Deputy to the grand Vizier.  
Teftardar. The Treasurer.  
Cadelescher. The chief justice.  
Cassiaraga. The governor of the women.  
Capi Aga. The Emperor's mouth by whom he speaks in public.  
Hoia. The Emperor's Confessor.  
Mufti. The highpriest of the Mahometans. Their Popo.    

AChmat, eighth Emperor of the Turks suddenly dying, Novemb. 15, 1617. Left behind him three sons, but all under age; wherefore by the advice, especially of his mother Flatua, who was mother both to him and Mustapha, he appointed his brother Mustapha his success out in the Empire, who by a special providence had been (contrary to the manner of the Turks, whose Emperors slay all their brethren as soon as they ascend the imperial Throne) reserved thus for the sceptre. This Mustapha had not long reigned, but that growing cruel and odious, the Grand Vizier came with an Army out of Persia and deposed him, forcing him to return to his Cell (where he had lived like a relgious man all the Reign of Achmat his Brother) and fetching Osman, the heir of Achmat, out of prison, set him in the Imperial Th●one, with the general applause of all the bassas and whole Army, and this in the year 1618. 
The Army upon an apprehension of a design to disband them  Sed fourtuna vitrea est, cum splendet maxime frangitur. This young Prince was scarce well warm in his father's Seat: But taking discontent at his soldiery, especially the janissaries, he had a design upon them to disband and disarm them, if not wholly destroy them, and erect another Militia in their room. To cover which design of his the better, he gave out a pretention of a voyage to Mecha, to visit the Sepulchre of their great Prophet, from which vundertaking no Reasons, advices, Petitions could dissuade him, although the soldiery passed so far, as to threaten publicly, and to protest they would not follow, but rather set up another King in his absence. On Wednesday they seventh of May in the year 1622. while his Tents and other accommodations for his journey were passing over unto Asia-side, the janissaries and Spahies suddenly met at the Hyppodrome in the City, 
Mutiny.  upon a word given, and from thence ran to the Seraglio, which is the great Turks Palace, in tumult, and there cried out for the King, who appeared to them, asked what this insoleney meant, and what they pretended? They then by the mouth of the multitude (for they had no head but that of the Monster) demanded, First, that he should not proceed in his purpose to go to Mecah, nor to Asia. 
Demand some chief Officers of State to justice,  Secondly, to have delivered to their fury the great Vizier Delevir Bassa, the Hoia, or the Cassiaraga, the Teftardar, the Cadelescher, and some others as Enemies to the State. The first after a little dispute, the King granted to them, promising to give over his journey; but they not content with words, exacted it in writing. To the second he replied, that it was dishonour to him to have his servants so used without order of Justice, but persuaded them to have patience to stay till Saturday the Divan or public council, where they should appear; and if they were found culpable, they should receive punishment (not meaning to perform any of this, 
which the King denying,  but to get time and allay their present fury.) These fellows not content with that moderate answer, undertook to know that they were guilty, and therefore they needed no other witness, trial, or Judge but themselves, and with extreme clamour called to have them rendered. But the King refusing to give them any other satisfaction, and they unprepared for force, returned into the City, which now was all in fear; every house and shop being shut up, expecting a general sack. But they followed the way of their own hatred, and first went to the house of the Hoja, which they broke and pillaged; But not finding him, they proceeded to the great Viziers, who made some defence, and they being unarmed, beat them off: and so they separated, being now evening, yet kept a guard in some parts of the Town.  
That night the King made an attempt to fortify and defend the Seraglio, which was strongly walled about, 
They assemble in Arms next morning.  and had always in it of household servants, above three thousand; but it seems no man would arm in his cause: So the next morning the mutineers assembled again, and taking their arms, went first to the Mufti, or archpriest among them, and enforced him and divers others to accompany them to the Court, where they anew demanded these men, but with more instance and fury; in the mean time the Hoia Cadelescher and Tofterdar fled; and were not in long time discovered; the Vizier retired to the King, and persuaded him earnestly to go over in person in his own boats to Asia, and there to take horse, and he would secure him from all peril; but the King would not move, bidding him stay, confident and assured that he would punish these rebels.  
The wise old man seeing this constancy (or obstinacy) desired leave to shift for himself, which he took or obtained, and so got away to the Hermitage of a Saint renowned amongst them, who (like himself) betrayed him; yet did him the favour, as not to deliver him to the multitude, but persuaded and carried him back to the King's house. At this time it was disputed in the Seraglio about the delivery of those Officers, the Emperor refusing; the rebels clamouring and threatening, insomuch as he began to fear they would break in, and in their rage do worse than they yet pretended. Whereupon (whither by the King's order, or by his own consent willing to be the peace-offering) the brave Vizier went out to them, and with a good assuredness demanded what they sought of him, and wherein he had offended? At first they were amazed, 
Cut the Vizier in pieces.  but one insolent villain breaking the general modesty, they answered him with their swords, and suddenly cut him in pieces.  
The Emperor seeing their fury so outrageous, had more cause to doubt, and retired himself then too late, 
Force the Emperor to hide himself.  when he had lost his faithful counsellor, and would have fled into Asia, but could not; yet he conveyed himself into a private place prepared by his Bostangi Bassa, or chief gardener. The Rebels continued without in their madness, asking for their King, and for more sacrifices. But the Servants protesting ☞ they knew not where he was, they resolved to enter the Palace (but first took a general Oath not to sack the Imperial Throne, which they called their house and their honour) and there seeking for the King, but not able to find him, they extorted it by confession from the Cassiaraga, & slew him; and then they demanded for the deposed Mustapha, Uncle to Osman, a man esteemed rather holy (that is frantic) then wise, and indeed fitter for a Cell than a sceptre. 
The mutineers 〈…〉 g him et up ●● mock-King.  The King the first day of this tumult had put Mustapha into a V●ult with two Negro women, without bread or drink, in which estate these new Electors found him almost naked and half pined. At first sight he thought they had been the Messengers of death, but that fear passed over; his first request was a cup of water, whom they took up and instantly proclaimed him their Emperor, which he was loath to accept, in a manner ashamed to be raised to that dignity. How unstable are the states of the greatest Princes? For he that was even now in the jaws of death, naked, starved, and dying for thirst, is become a great Monarch, may drink gold, or the innocent blood.  
They as yet not knowing what was become of Osman, and loath to trust Mustapha in the Palace, carried him in triumph to the old Seraglio, and there left him, departing to the sack of the Viziers house, and so in the evening to their rendezvous, where they kept both good guard, and good order in the City from fire and other insolences. Sultan Osman amazed with these news, as soon as they had left the Court, came out, and called to Counsel in the night Hurein Bassa, late Vizier in the Polish Wars, and the Aga of the janissaries, both faithful to him, and demanded their advice; first having sent to the old Seraglio to practise the women there to strangle Mustapha; but some of them taking his part, a new uproar began in the house between that sex; and the soldiers that kept watch, hearing the noise, entered in, and rescued him; and from thence removed him to the Chambers of the janissaries, where they kept him for that night in an ill lodging.  
All this while Osman is consulting what course to take; 
The true King addresseth himself to the soldiers.  these two his friends and some others tell him, that the case was desperate, and could not be cured but by a desperate remedy, and therefore they agreed that the Aga should go and persuade with the Mufti; and that the King in the morning should suddenly present himself to the soldiers at their own doors, and make experience what his presence, his submission and his benevolence promised, would work, to move them to loyalty or compassion: which counsel early in the morning they put in practice. The King accompanied with the Mufti (who never consented to his deposing, though he favoured the soldiers against the Vizier with Huzein Bassa) and about twelve horsemen went directly to the janissaries college, where Must●pha was kept, and there in tears made them an Oration, offering great recompense, repenting of his errors, and finally invoked them by the merits of his father, and all his ancestors to have some pity upon their true Master. 
They begin to relent,  The multitude (as prone to pity as they were before to hatred) now knew not what to do; a silent murmur now ran among them, and they were half converted. But the Aga ☜ of the janissaries thinking to merit of the King, 
But being anew enraged by the rashness of one of his attendants, they  and beginning to plead unseasonably for him, with some harsh words of upbraidure, anew moved their fury, so that they cried out TREASON, and fall upon him and Huzein Bassa, and cut them in pieces; every man taking a piece of their flesh to satiate their revenge. The Mufti would have spoken, but was withdrawn by some, out of respect to his place, and with difficulty was conveyed away. Now the poor Osman saw his friends slain, and knew not which way to turn himself; but binding up his eyes with a napkin, 
Attach him,  expected death as the last of their fury. But that they might seem to proceed in a course of JUSTICE, they carried him first before Mustapha, and accused him as the disturber of the peace of the Empire, and demanded sentence against him. 
Arraign him as a disturber of the peace.  Mor● vulgi, suum quisque flagitium aliis objectans. The forsaken Prince pleaded for life, and the new King knew not how to condemn, but nodded and agreed to all that was propounded. At last they consulted with themselves, and put him upon a horse, an insolent Spahi, changing turbans with him, 
Commit him to prison,  and sent him away prisoner to the seven Towers under good guard (in his passage begging a draught of water at a fountain) and them returned to their new Master, and placed him in the Seraglio and Imperial Throne, where he had need have good broths and analepticks to restore his decayed body.  
The soldiers now thought all was done, and only sacking the houses of Hurein Bassa, and some others, returned ☞ in quiet to their several lodgings, and had no further malice. But the new Vizier Daout Bassa made by Mustapha, knew well if Osman lived, that this storm might pass over, and he would as easily by the same means, return to his estate as he fell from it; therefore he consulted with some few interessed in Mustapha's preferment, and thereby obnoxious to Osman, to search how many of the Royal Blood were left alive; and resolved, if there remained two, to make an end of Osman. Two of his brothers were found, the one about twelve, the other about seven years of age; and thereupon the Vizier went himself to the prison with a pack of hangmen, 
Where he is murdered.  and gave order to straggle the unfortunate Prince, who now having had no rest in two nights, and thinking himself secure for a season, was newly fallen asleep, but awakened by the coming of these Messengers, asked what News? saying, he did not like their sudden intrusion. They at first stood amazed, and the King made show to defend himself. But a strong knave struck him on the head with a Battle-axe, and the rest leaping upon him, strangled him with much ado. Thus one of the greatest Monarchs in the world was first affronted by his mutined Troops, his own slaves, almost unarmed, and few in number, no man taking up sword to defend him; and they who first began this madness, not meaning to hurt him, by the increase of their own fury, which had no bounds, ☞ deposed him against their own purpose; and at last exposed his life, against their will, to the Counsels of other men, whom they equally hated. And now they mourned for their dead King as freshly as they raged (while he lived) unreasonably, knowing that they had slained their honour; this being the first of their Emperors that they ever betrayed, and having set up another, that in all likelihood they must change for disability.  
Some observations upon this occasion will not be impertinent to these that desire to know, as well the disposition and use as the things themselves.  
☜ First, in the purpose of the soldier not at all to violate the King, much less to depose or murder him, but only to take away these about him, whom they looked upon as enemies; yet the fury once on foot, they proceeded by unsensible steps to the utmost of outrage, against the Throne and life of their own Emperor, ubi furor invaluit innocentes & noxios juxta tollit, where rage and fury hath got the upper hand, there the Innocent and nocent fare both alike.  
☜ Secondly, observe how this Monarch fell by degrees; he had never fallen thus low, if he had not first lost the awe and Reverence which always attendeth upon Majesty (if it be kept up) by unseemly offices done by him; and now in this last act, if his own obstinacy had not plunged him into destruction, a seasonable yielding to time, had softened them, and saved him.  
☜ Thirdly, in the order, that these mutineers having no head nor direction, kept such Regiment, that in their fury, in their hot blood, in the King's yard they took an Oath not to sack nor dishonour the Imperial Throne; neither committed nor suffered any violence in the City to the Naturals, but rather proclaimed peace and justice.  
Fourthly, in the consequents, that at the third days end all was quiet, and all men in their trade, as if no such thing had happened; only the janissaries suffered no Divan or Counsel, until they had received a Donative as a reward of their iniquity. And now these fellows having tasted the sweet of prosperous Mutinies (haud ignari summa scelerà incipi cum periculo perseci cum praemio) knowing that the greatest wickednesses are begun with hazard, but perfected with reward, took such an head as could not safely be suffered on, nor securely taken off.  
On Saturday morning, the 1. of June following, the Capi Aga, or Major Domo having received an Order to remove the brethren of Osman from their Lodgings, and in the night to strangle them, as he was performing his command, the poor Princes cried out, the Pages running to the noise, and encouraged by the Cassiaraga, who had some suspicion, without further examination, killed the Capiaga. That night they sent secretly to the janissaries and Spahies to inform them what they had done, 
The Army mutinies a second time;  and in the morning early hanged his body in the Hippodrome for a public spectacle. The soldiers returned in fury to the Court in favour of the Pages, and demanded justice of those that had consented to the ☞ wicked order, which had made and end of all the Ottoman race; only this Mustapha being left alive, who was such a Saint, that he would not people the world with sinners, nor endure any woman near him. The innocent King protested, he knew nothing of the plot, and if such command were procured, it was gotten by subreption; and he was easily believed. But his mother and the new Vizier Daout Bassa, who had her daughter to wife, were vehemently suspected. It was a day of Divan, but the soldiers would suffer none, till they had an account of this Treason. The Vizier denied all: the mother was a woman, and hid in the house. But now somewhat must be done to appease the people; therefore Daout Bassa was degraded from his Office, 
Occasions the Creation of a new Vizier,  and one Hurein Bassa, new arrived from the Government of Cairo, put in his place, with promise of further examination. But the fury once over, there was no great search nor discovery made.  
The new Vizier audax ferox, & prout animum intendit, pravus aut industrius eadem vi, upon some spleen towards the Aga of the janissaries, took occasion to cashier him, and sent him to the Islands to be strangled, and gave order to murder some other bassas and Officers, that so he might make way to depose Emperor Mustapha, and set up Morat the child, 
Against whom they also rise in mutiny.  the brother of Osman, many being of his party; whereupon the soldiers rose all in arms at the Seraglio, taking the alarm at the meddling with their Aga, rescued their Captain and the rest, and demanded the head of the Vizier, whereupon he fled, and order was given to kill him where he could first be found; the Viziers house was sacked, and infinite treasure taken, so that the soldier was quieted for a day or two by making a new Vizier Mustapha Bassa, who was of a soft nature, and scarce durst do justice for fear of offending any man. Now a new faction was made between Mustapha and Morat, and it was expected hourly, when there would be some great slaughter or Massacre in the City; for of necessity one side must fall.  
There was then no security for any man, when the King, ☜ 
All from the greatest to the least at the courtesy of the Army.  and Viziers, and all Officers held their lives and Dignities at the courtesy of the mutinied soldiers, who had tasted the sweet of Rebel●ion, and cast off all awe and reverence, and could not easily be reduced to order without much blood and hazard of the whole. Therefore the WISER ☜ MEN retired from OFFICE, and the insufficient did cause their own daily change and ruin. The soldiers adhered to the King of their own Creation; for he was in effect their creature, and they did wholly govern ☜ him. 
Against whom the Lawyers and churchmen unite for the public good.  The Lawyers and Churchmen made secret conventions, and feared not to say openly, that the foundation of their State was dissolved, their King unlawful, and all that adhered to him lapped into heresy, having despised the institutions of Mahomet.  
The soldiers still continued in their mutinies at Constantinople, and grew to that height of insolency, 
The soldiers demand the Churches revennes, and all Offices of gain.  that going in Troops to the Court, they demanded all Offices of Game; to be Stewards to the revenues of the Churches, which are great; to take farms of customs, and committed many other outrages which are unsufferable; the Viziers themselves ☜ durst deny them nothing: if complaints of any insolences or injuries were made to the chief Vizier or Magistrate, they answered, none durst meddle with them, that had murdered their own King; and desired the Complainants patience, and ☜ that they would bear a part with the general sufferings.  
By this time the wickedness of some of the chief Leaders in these commotions was ripe for vengeance, and their day is come. The great Vizier Georgi envying the authority of Daout Bassa brother in law to the Emperor, Mustapha who had been the Counsellor and the instrument to murder Sultan Osman, scorning that he should underhand Govern in his reign, he therefore practised to put him to death; but not daring to do it by his own Authority, and knowing it to be in vain to think to procure it from the Court, he stirred up the Spahies to demand justice upon him for the death of the last King. 
The Spahies set on by the present Vizier, demand justice for the death of their King, though occasioned by themselves.  This looked further than the first assent; for the subtle Vizier, who was faithful to his true Lord, knowing the rage of an unguided multitude, aimed at a by-revenge upon others, who he hoped would be involved and accused of the order. The soldier soon raised and mutinied in the Seraglio, demanded Daout, he fled. But now that the business was on foot, if he were no found, the Vizier himself is in danger: but the poor man was taken, and brought to the Divan, and there being called to public Justice, he must excuse himself upon some greater person; wherein the Emperor and his Mother ran a new hazard, which was the secret end. Therefore both of them forsook him and left him to the Law, and without any trial, he was brought before the soldiers, stripped, and his turban taken off, and on his knees ready to receive the stroke of death. 
Upon which the Army is divided into two Factions, and ready to light.  But suddenly the janissaries came to his rescue, and carried him away to their Chambers. The Spahies who began this action, took it in ill part, and followed with great out cries, that they would have him die; the ☞ others demanded that he might be heard in public Justice. Thus those two mutinied faction were ready to come to blows. Daout Bassa now in some hope of life bribed the janissaries, and that day distributed forty thousand Chequines of gold, and they promised to protect him. Who did not now think but he was taken away for safety? But the Spahies followed their first resolution, 
To prevent them, he that mu●thered the King is delivered to justice.  and to appease the dissension, it was agreed he should die. They that meant to save him, could not, but reserved him for a greater example of Justice. They would not let him now lose his head in the Court, that death was to honourable for him, that had murdered his Prince. Therefore they put him into the same Couch wherein he had sent Sultan Osman to Execution. Twice in the way, being dry, with sorrow he drank at the same Fountain where his late Master begged drink: and so was conveyed into the same Chamber, wherein he had murdered him. The Executioner beginning to tie him, himself showed the very corner where he had committed that foul fact, and desired that there he might, if possible, expiate it. And so at last he was miserably strangled.  
An here observe the justice of God even for the wicked, who seldom suffers the blood of any, scarce (if at all the blood of Kings) to pass without an exemplary retaliation; the same Couch, the same Chamber, the same Corner, the same Death. And observe again, the power of conscience, even in a mahometan, able to make him, if not his own Executioner, yet almost a voluntary sacrifice to the Ghost of his murdered Prince.  
Which yet is not so appeased, 
The Army abroad under the conduct of a great Commander, rise to avenge the death of their King; who calls a general council.  but must and will have yet more sacrifice; and to demand them, comes the Bassa of Arrivum, with a great Army towards Angria, marching the direct way to Constantinople. He held a general Counsel in his Camp, and sent to the Port to desire the presence of the Mufti, cadis, bassas and ancient Beghs to take knowledge; and to punish the traitors that murdered the late King; and to settle a New one lawfully that should be able to govern, to reduce the mutinied City ☜ soldier to obedience and discipline, and to place about the Emperor some great Vizier chosen by the State, 
Makes Declarations of his honest intentions.  able to direct and apply remedies to the diseases then grown to a Crisis. Complaining, that every three or four months, by the change of the Vizier, the Provinces were destroyed; for ☜ they placed and displaced the governor according to their own Factions, and so contrary orders were s●nt abroad daily, insomuch that no man knew whom they should obey. 
Against whom the Governor, set up by the mutinied Army, guilty of osmans' blood▪ proclaim a War.  These were his pretences; and if the present State would not assent to this Assembly, he then resolved to come to the Port, and settle all things at his pleasure by the sword. The Great Officers in possession of the Emperor and Government, loath to be called to account by the soldier, took a worse resolution to make a war, and make choice of Cigala Bassa for General, which he refused upon the same pretence, that in his absence alterations would be so frequent, and that he should not please, or at least uncertainly and according to interpretation. Therefore he would have an absolute Dictatorship for the time, equal to that of the great Vizier, or else he would not stir. This was granted him, and money given out, and order to pass the water, speedily enrolling for his Army 15000. janissaries, and 30000. ☞ spahies'. 
But the mutineers demur, & pretend loathness to fight against their brethren, held consultations, refuse to march,  But those did demur, and allege it was a War against their own BRETHREN, and sought any excuses, rather than come to blows. But the secret was, it was than Ramazan, or their holy Lent, at the end of which they were to receive their pay, and therefore they ☞ would not move, but pretended Religion. Next day after their Feast, when they should march, they showed themselves careless (having first held many consultations) and would not march at all, unless the Emperor or great Vizier would go in person: so every day brought forth new trouble, and the Empire to a great deal of hazard and danger.  
That State, for fifteen months after the death of Osman, was a stage of variety, the soldiery usurping all Government; placing and displacing as the wind of favour or disfavour moved them. In that time there were three Emperors, seven great Viziers, five Agaes of the janissaries; Two Captain bassas, three Treasurers, six bassas of Cairo; and in proportion, as many changes of governors in all the Provinces. Every new Vizier making use of his time, displacing those in possession, and selling their honour to others, so as the whole Empire was in a manner fined four or five times over. Hurein Bassa the last Vizier of them, consumed the public treasure so fast, and exacted money of private men so violently to maintain his Faction with the Janizari●s, that even the receivers themselves were afraid and weary, and the wisest of them foresaw their own ruin in the general consumption; when there was any murmur against him, he presently silenced it either by gifts or blood.  

Yet at length persuaded to move;  Assoon as he had dispatched away Cigala Bassa with his Army against the Bassa of Arrivum, whom they termed the great Rebel in Asia, which he did rather to disburden himself of fears by sending the Spahies out of the way (who were his opposites) then for any love to the public state; 
But upon new discontents the Spahies mutiny again.  he sent privily to strangle Halil Bassa, Georgi, and Mustapha, late Viziers, hoping thereby he had removed all competitors; whether this gave the occasion, or that his sin was ripe for revenge, the Spahies suddenly gathered head, and the old wolf fled to his trusty Guard the janissaries. The City was almost divided, but the Spahies sent their resolution plainly, being the weaker in number, that they were loath to come to blows with their BRETHREN, but if the janissaries would protect him, they should keep him Constantinople and Greece. But they themselves would depart, and disposed of Asia, which was a bold profession, but easy, the forces of the Rebels being of their society. The wisest foresaw the peril, and they all agreed to change him, and so the Seal was given to Ali Bassa, 
Which quieted They march,  a man reputed honest, but melancholic and unexperienced for so great a charge.  
The Army for Asia arriving at Nicomedia five days' journey from Constantinople showed little obedience, 
But no mind to fight.  many disbanded, and the rest having no desire to fight with these of the same Profession both in Religion and in humour. News came daily to the Port of the taking of Forts by Abassa Bassa, the Head of the Rebels, 
The council at Constantinople at their wit's end.  and other defections and combustions in those parts, and that that quarrel was taken up against the janissaries and the present Government, of whom he slew all that came into power, as guilty of the blood of Osman. This suddenly waked and ripened the project of those who had plotted an alteration. Hereupon the new Vizier Ali, with the Counsel of the Mufti, 
They consult.  and some captains of the soldiers of both Orders laid their foundation. They showed the imminent PERIL, 
Resolve upon the only expedient for safety.  and difficulty to resist or prevent it by arms. The janissaries saw that they alone must, as the mark of Envy, bear the whole burden; and therefore ALL RESOLVED that THE EASIEST and SAFEST WAY TO APPEASE THEIR ☜ TROUBLES WAS TO RESTORE THE TRUE HEIR; hoping that they who pretended their rising for the love of his brother, and in revenge of his cause, would obey that Prince, 
Which is to declare for the right heir, and make him King, which is also done;  and quiet themselves; upon this resolution they assembled at the Seraglio without any tumult, and desired to have Sultan Mustapha come forth and speak to the soldiers, and to answer to some questions which he refusing as truly unable; they took out Sultan Morat, and declared him King with universal joy and acclamation, insomuch as the janissaries (but the day before his opposites, so easily can God turn the heart of a multitude) being showed the wants of Treasure, and the necessity of the State, were content to remit their Donative, and increase of Pay ☞ usual at every change, Vade tu O miles anglican & fac Simile. Go then O English soldier, and do likewise.  
Asia was in this new settlement of affairs, either forgotten or neglected. The Army that was marching thither was stayed from proceeding. For it was believed that Abassa Bassa depended upon the new Emperor, and would make his submission: But they had proceeded too far to make any safe retreat, although they were the indirect (if not direct) occasion of the raising of the new Emperor. Besides there rested still another difficulty, to introduce the awe of Majesty, which had been trampled under foot (and it was a great one) when people, like the sea, had made a breach into ancient Reverence, and prospered, the taste of wickedness was not so easily lost.  

Yet the janissaries mutiny again for their pay.  In the midst of this appearing calm, the janissaries, some repenting, and some denying that ever they consented, to remit the Donative or increase of pay, did now sharply demand it with threats of innovation, so as they were forced to content them. About this, Abassa Bassa began to discover, that he had some further game to play, than the setting up of the Brethren of Osman; for notwithstanding all pretences of obedience to the new Emperor, 
The Army in Asia still prosecute their pretences. Cruel to the janissaries, but just & friendly to all others.  he suddenly assaulted and took the Castle of Tocat, which is the Mint of Asia; seven B●glerbegs, and sixteen Sanracks, being joined with him, all that part of Asia obeyed him; for he oppressed none, only executing his wrath upon the janissaries. This advice being brought by a Captain of that Order made much rumour at the Port; the soldiers rising in tumult at the Seraglio, demanded to be led out to fight, and to have these of Asia declared Rebels; a Counsel to this end was held, where they received so cold an answer, that they grew into some rage, 
Whereupon the janissaries demand to be led out to fight them.  accusing two bassas, by name, Hali and Georgi to have correspondence with them; and seeming to doubt that the whole State did connive with this action, to prosecute the first design of Osman to root out the Order of the janissaries; insomuch as they openly professed, if we be true Musulmans, and the Emperor's slaves, let us go out and fight with his Enemies and ours; if not, and that you maintain them against us, we are resolved to die together, and not to be wasted by pieces. Therefore to satisfy the soldiers, 
War proclaimed, the Army to march within four days.  the Banner was set out at the Gate of the Court, and that of the Aga of the janissaries at their Gate, and war proclaimed. That all the force of the Empire should be ready to march within four days; when they saw this resolution in the great Ones (whether dissembled or in good earnest) that ●ay being Octob. 18. 1623. The janissaries and Spahies held a Counsel, and changed their minds, alleging, 
Whereupon the Army held a Counsel, and change their minds.  ●hat Winter approaching, and no provision made, they would not move. The Viziers were glad, respecting their own ends, and so all Asia was lest to the courtesy of the Rebels and Winter. In the mean time Abassa Bassa advanced, and took the City of Angria, which was surrendered to him as soon as he came before it, 
By which news all Asia's left to the other Army.  but the Castle held against him; and it is reported, That he wept at the Gates thereof, publishing the cause of his taking up of arms, which he said was only in revenge of the blood of Osman, desiring such as favoured him to come on his side, the rest to depart in peace every man to his own house. He did no harm, nor took the value of a penny: His Army was very great, and every janissary that he could catch, he sacrificed to the Ghost of the dead Emperor. The Astrologers publicly augured his prosperity; and every man's discourse was full of fabulous fears and prophecies. It was said he would come to the Port and demand audience by justice. And it was generally thought from the coldness, both of the Emperor, and of the Viziers, that he was secretly maintained by them, and that he came to fulfil the design of Osman, to wrest the ☞ Government from the mutinied soldiers, and to root out their Order. For all the Lawyers and Churchmen smiled, and rather rejoiced then feared. The janissaries openly murmured, that they were betrayed, and accused many, yet they escaped, and now few spoke against him as a Rebel; yet the first of November (whether for colour or in earnest) the great Viziers Tents were passed over the water in haste with these of the Aga of the janissaries, and all the force which could be then made at the Court, to Winter on the other side in Prussia, to amuse the rebels, and stay them till the Spring, being willing the blow should be taken on the other side to save the city from a general sack.  

The Bassa of Asia taken into the Emperor's favour;  It was afterwards considered, that to prevail against Abassa Bassa with arms was a doubtful matter, and therefore the Sultan sent to him a Capigi Bassa, with a Vest, a Sword, and a Letter, giving him thanks for the love showed to his brother and his Blood: But that now the Revenge belonged to him himself, of which he would take care; and therefore desired him, If he were a true subject to return to his Government of Arrivum, and to dissolve his Armies, and there to rest until further occasion of service. 
Promiseth to lay down Arms.  Upon this Order from the Emperor he excuseth himself; That the incommodity of Winter would not suffer him to retire, but promised to live in peace until the Spring, and then he would return in obedience to his Government.  
About which time, namely, March 24. 1624. Ali Bassa the great Vizier was beheaded, 
New Vizier chosen at the Port.  and Cerques Mechemet Bassa advanced to the place, a man of an honest and sincere nature (for a Mahometan) and one too good for those times, and that people, who after he had enjoyed his ☞ place (one of the greatest Dignities in the world) but a short while, by an example scarce to be paralleled, laboured to surrender it as unable to support or content the insolency of the Spahies in their unreasonable demands of impossible benefits. In the mean time the preparation for the War in Asia (which had been once again impeded) was advanced, though the resolution to set forward was deferred upon hope, that Cherques Mechemet Bassa, and other new Ministers might by their persuasion and authority reduce Abassa Bassa, looked on, they having undertaken to endeavour it; though it appeared very difficult, being that he yet continued the siege of Argria, and that his scattered Army that Wintered abroad began to return to him from all Parts, and it was concluded he would be loath to trust his life upon a pardon, though the Grand signior had sent him another.  
Yet suddenly (contrary to the fears of many, 
And withdraws his forces.  and the expectations of almost all) Abassa Bassa rose from Angria, and departed Eastward, having done no spoil at all to the City nor Inhabitants, but left behind him a far better fame than any governor sent from the Port; he had now accepted the Grand Signiors pardon, and in obedience to his Command and show of submission was now marched away to unite his Forces with Achis Achmet Bassa against the Persian; yet whatever might seem to be between the Port and him, there was not so much as a seeming reconciliation between him and the janissaries: for after this the janissaries coming over into Asia with Cerques Mehemet Bassa against the Persian, put a whole Garrison of Abassa bassas to the sword, man, woman, and child, though they had set open their Gates to entertain them as friends. In revenge whereof Abassa Bassa falling in upon the quarters of the janissaries, slew 3000. of them, and had done further execution, if the whole Army had not come to rescue.  
This was the strte of affairs abroad; 
The Spahies again mutiny, And  in the mean time at Constantinople the Spahies assembled in the Hippodrome, discontent with the Government of the old Chimacham, Georgi Mechemet Bassa, who had the Authority of the great Vizier in his absence at the war, 
Cause the old Chimacham to be put to death  and in great fury ran to the house of the Mufti, and demanded of him to donounce sentence of death against him, and that he would rise and inform the Grand Signior of Their Will; which if he refused, they threatened a general revolt, and to do their own justice; There was no remedy, the Emperor being informed instantly, displaced him, and gave the Office to Regeb Captain Bassa, and his to Imbraher Bassa, hoping thus to quiet all the matter: but this gave them no satisfaction, they demanded in greater fury his life. The poor old man was retired into the Grand signior's protection, who used all means to appease them offering to banish or confine him; but nothing would content, or separate them, until he had delivered him up, who the next day was strangled, and thrown into the streets; where the Barbarians vented their spleen upon his dead body, cutting off his ears and nose, and carrying them in triumph to their fellows. Presently they demand the life of some others, principally of Moret Chians the Customer, whom when they could not find, they sacked his house; within a day or two after they begin to be quiet, upon promise, that if he could be found, he should be rendered to them, and others be brought to Justice. That great Minister the Chimacham was ninety six years old, had been forty five years Vizier, their Chimacham; when the sentence of his condemnation was delivered to the Bostangi Basse, he came to the lodging of the Chimacham in the King's Garden (where he thought himself in Sanctuary) and for reverence to his age and place, held it, being written in his hand, rather to intimate them to be the ☞ Messengers. The poor old man perceiving it, desired one hour to pray, and conjured him to warn the Grand Signior hereafter not to be so ease to consent to shed innocent blood, which within a few days he would repent. The Executioners, whether for fear, or for want of skill, could not dispatch him in one hour, so great was his old heart.  
But see how God, to whom vengeance belongeth, avength the blood of his enemies, and wicked men unjustly spilled, to preserve his image even amongst them that study to destroy it. The janissaries either envious that they had no part in the last sedition, 
The janissaries rise,  or being innocent, unwilling to participate in the infamy, or rather it was their fair to do somewhat, forced the Boats of the galleys which lay above Constantinople in the channel, and came down to a Garden-house upon the Sea in the night, where the Emperor privately reposed, and began to exclaim against the death of the innocent, 
Declare against this act of their fellow soldiers, the Spahies.  protesting they had no share therein, but as obedient slaves, they desired the peace of the State, and that JUSTICE and quietness miget return to the City: and requiring revenge upon divers whom they accused as the ☜ authors of these Tumults: They named their own Segmen Bassa as the principal, and eighteen of their own Officers more, and divers others of the chief Spahies, 
Desire justice against divers o● their own Officers, and the Officers of the Spahies, as men that had debauched the Army, and led them into, and encouraged them in all their mutinies;  who held Counsels together, and were become heads of Factions; which until they were All cut off, there was no hope of good Government and peace. The Grand Signior gave them mild words, and promised to do Justice, and to punish all such as should be found guilty, but nothing was done to satisfy them; and being conceived that the new Chimacham connived, and had been a party to all their Counsels (at least his preferment made him obnoxious to that suspicion) and it was true that Segmen Bassa and his faction were the contrivers of the fall and murder of Georgi Mechemet Bassa, and very probable that he of favoured, if not practised by the new Ministers: the Janizari●s rose again, and by force brought down the Galleys near the City, and landed, 
Accusing them of Factions, and holding Conventic●es and Counsels.  and held a Counsel very secret in their Chambers. This bred much suspicion and fear. But the day of public audience being come, according to the custom, they repaired all to the Seraglio, and waited in their Order; their Segmen Bassa only did not appear, and it was thought he absented himself purposely, by agreement with the Chimacham, lesr there should be some occasion offered to examine the past business which would not endure the light. The Divan being finished, the Viziers and Cadeleschers coming towards the Gate, they were stopped by the janissaries, and told plainly they would speak with the King; such persuasions as were requisite were used; but there was no remedy, they would deliver their own message. The young Emperor at first was afraid, and retired; but to avoid greater inconveniences resolved to come out to them. Order was instantly given to send for the Mufti, and the ancients of the Law, 
The janissaries come to the Port and desire Peace.  and many Santons; for the Segmen Bassa, and others of quality to be present at this action. In the mean time a Throne was brought out, and placed in the great Court, and the Grand Segmen came forth and sat in his majesty, attended and assisted by all the great Officers and Ministers of his Empire, to strike a reverence and fear into his soldiers, whose purposes were not yet discovered. 
All the Grandees of the Empire assemble together. One in the name of the rest, delivers first a speech, than a Petition  Contrary to all expectation, an Electo spoke for them; In all humble manner professing their obedience, and lamenting the sickness of their State, and the daily insolences; and declaring that as they were not guilty of the last mutiny, so they were ready to spend their blood in defence of their PRINCE. And for the Reformation of those disorders, to which there could be applied no remedy, but by the sword of Justice to cut off all those heads, that held Conventicles, and plotted daily alterations, 
Both sitter for Stat●s men than soldiers, for Christians then Turks.  only to govern the whole Empire at their Will. They desired their Petition might be accepted, and those disturbers of the Peace sought out and executed, in which they would assist; and that new Names and Titles might be forbidden; which many had taken up as heads of Factions, and the soldiery reduced to their ancient Discipline; which if his Majesty would grant, and speedily put in practice, they were ready to die in his service; otherwise, as there was no hope of quietness, so they did foresee greater mischiefs daily, which they would oppose as they were able. At the end of this Oration, which might have become a Cato (yea, a Christian, Vade tu Miles anglican, & fac Simile, Go thou English soldier and do likewise) they delivered a brief Petition in writing wherein they modestly accused the new Chimacham of confederacy, and connivance with their Segmen Bassa, whom they anew appealed and gave up the Names of their Officers and Spahies, upon whom they laid the burden of their daily tumults.  
The Emperor gave them a short but satisfactory answer, yielding to their request, yet mingled with some admonition, such as became a Prince. 
The Segmen Bassa, the man principally accused, hides himself, but being found is put to death, with some 2●. others of both Orders.  And so they departed every man to their own rest. But the Segmen Bassa having some intimation that his name was renewed in that list of death, took the first opportunity, fled and hid himself, and divers others conscious of their own merits retired, and thereby condemned themselves. With much diligence the Segmen Bassa was apprehended and brought to the Court, he was examined rather to find his own Treasure, which was infinite, then to discover other men. The Grand Signior sent for him, and after a few words, gave sentence to have his head struck off, which was instantly done before the door; afterwards divers of both Orders (that is janissaries and Spahies) were taken to the number of twenty two, were taken, 
After which the Army returns to their duty, and peace to the Empire.  and privately stangled and thrown into the sea; these (principally branded) were hidden or fled. And suddenly, as if peace were risen out of the old Chimachams grave, there was an end of the tumults and disorders among the soldiers; the Spahies shrunk, not one revenging Spahie to be seen in all the City; and the janissaries, as their glory, took upon them an austere Reformation; and all things were so calm as if Astrea had come down from heaven among them.  
THe reading of History having in it no recompense but delight, unless it look forward to use and action, either to correct errors past, or direct ways for the future: it will not be unprofitable upon the foregoing discourse to raise some Observations, First Theological, Secondly, Moral and Political.  
First, Theological. There are in this discourse several things of God discovered, worthy our taking notic of.  
As first the absolute and uncontrollable sovereignty of God over the greatest Monarchs and Emperors of the world. Behold one of the greatest Monarchs of the earth, suddenly turned out of all, by his own Vassals, who at their first rising intended no such thing. He cuts off the spirit of Princes; he is terrible to the Kings of the earth, Psal. 76.12.  
Secondly, observe here the infinite wisdom of God, who can by the Passions, and lusts, and furies of men accomplish his own, wise, and just holy ends. This Army in all their mad fury did not what themselves plotted and intended, but what God decreed.  
Thirdly, behold here the exact justice of God (in revenging first the blood of Osman, than the blood of Georgi, though wicked men) to his Enemies; shall he not much more avenge the blood of his Elect?  
Fourthly, observe here the wonderful power of God over the spirits of men; how soon can the Lord calm their greatest rage and fury? and none can do it but he; he stilleth the raging of the sea, and the tumults of the people.  
For Moral Observations take these.  
First, how dangerous a thing it is for any supreme power to stand in need of a constant standing Army; they do but bestride an unruly Camel, which they cannot manage, as this unfortunate Osman dreamed, before his death.  
Secondly, what a dangerous thing it is for the Civil Power, to permit the soldiers and Officers of the Army to hold their Counsels and Conventicles. These were the root of all these troubles in the Turkish Empire.  
Thirdly, how much better it is to be under the worst of Monarchies, then at the courtesy of a mutinied Army, appears by this story.  
Fourthly, that the common soldier having been debauched by their own Officers, may at last prove honest, and delivering their misleaders to Justice, may return to their duty and obedience. Amen.  
FINIS.