Τεσ Ιατρικεσ Καρτοσ: OR A TREATISE DE Morborum CAPITIS Essentiis & Prognosticis. Adorned with above three hundred Choice and Rare Observations: Many of them Selected out of the most Eminent and Renowned Authors now Extant amongst us. BY ROBERT BAYFIELD, Physician. Morborum Medicamina, si à Doctis usurpata, remedia; si verò ab indoctis & inexercitatis, reperientur venena. DEPRESSA RESURGO LONDON, Printed by D. Maxwel, and are to be sold by Richard Tomlins, at the Sun and Bible in Pie-corner, 1663. Supremo omnium Capiti, Deo optimo maximo, Et corporis ac animae Beatissimo Patri, & salutari Medico; Ejusque secundo, Serenissimo Principi, Augustissimoque MONARCHAE CAROLO II. Gratiâ singulari, nocnon minus mirabili Providentiâ Magnae Britanniae, Franciae, & Hiberniae, Regi Potentissimo, Et in hisce terris Capiti Summo, Religionis Fideique Defensori strenuo, Justitiae, Clementiae, Omnigenaeque virtutis Illustrissimo exemplari: Laborantis Ecclesiae, ruentisque Reipublicae Et Reduci, & Redintegratori, Probatissima haec Morborum Caput afficientium & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (Tanti licèt Numinis nomine indigna) In summo gratitudinis & observantiae Symbolum è subditis, primus, ultimus, alto pectore, Pede imo D. D. Cqu; R. B. ROBERTUS BAIFIELD, Anagrammata, Bis dote laurifer; Non lauros, neve omnis enim fert omnia tellus; Bis Te Lauriferum, dotibus esse patet. Aliter, Ab sudore fit liber. Ab sudore Liber tibi fit conamine multo; Nec fructus profert, ni bene cultus ager. ROBERT BAYFIELD. Anagrams. O life bred by Art, Be (if tried) labour. O life crowned with Bays, since bred by Art. Wherein (if tried) true Labour bears chief part. R. P. The Epistle to the Reader. Courteous Reader, THis Tractate which I now present unto thee, is the fruit of my spare hours, it having been my recreation, for some time, to read the best Authors which I could meet with; and for the help of my memory, I have collected the choicest Observations, and the most infallible Prognostics which did occur, and reduced them under several Heads, distinguished into several Chapters; which I have found very useful, profitable, and pleasing unto me; and presuming they may be so to others also, I have now published them to the World, that so they which neither have money to buy, nor leisure to read many Volumes, may found in this little Epitome the choicest, and chiefest things that are contained in them, touching all those Diseases and Symptoms which affect the Head. I have also inserted many Observations of my own, which were never before in Print. Indeed when I considered the paucity of Observations, and especially how immethodically (for the most part) those extant are digested; I thought it might be worth my pains to run through the whole body of Practical Physic in this Method, which affords not only the Definitions, and Prognostics of Diseases, with select Observations upon them, but also their Causes, and Diagnostic signs, as will clearly appear to the Observing Reader. Yet when I had finished this Tractate of the Diseases of the Head, I thought it not convenient to proceed any further, but rather to put a stop to my intended purpose, until I saw how this would be resented. There can be no better means, I am sure, to preserve, further, and assist, the practising of Physic, than is the careful and painful penning of it, especially of Observations: For as Practice is the best and chiefest part of Physic; so is Observation the surest, and most demonstrating part of Practice: Hence it cometh to pass, through the defect of Observations, that so many Prescriptions we meet with in the Works of most learned Practitioners, fall often short in performing the Cures they promise', and we took them up for; but Observations are the Touchstone for the trying of what ever is not good, and what current in Physic. I presume that it will be superfluous for me to tell thee, what great benefit thou mayest reap by acquainting thyself with this Tractate; for as Zeuxis, picturing Helen, drew the Liveaments from five of the fairest Virgins of Croton: So this Book (excluding what is mine) is borrowed from the richest treasuries of the best Physicians: And verily, I judge him of too mean capacity for this Art or Science, that cannot by the light of these things proceed into further Particulars, when need requireth. This I profess, that my care in beginning, continuing, and ending this Work, hath been for the benefit of my Country, that I might help young Students in Physic (as I am one myself) to the attaining of some perfection, not esteeming my pains, but hazarding my credit: For I am not ignorant, that a large brood of pregnant Wits, fraughted with jeers, (and good ones, as they term them) will snarl, though themselves either cannot, or (be it spoken in the best sense) will not spare time from their pleasures or profits to advantage others. These proud wits and curious heads are so extremely in love with their own shadows, and do so highly admire their own conceits, that they despise all the understanding and learning of other men. They will whip Homer, as did Zoilus; sift great Hypocrates, as did Thessalus, and lash Seneca, that superintendent of Wit, Learning, and Judgement, as did Caligula, Agellius, Fabius, and Lipsius himself, his chief Propugner; they have sucked Lamia's breasts in Plutarch, who when she sat spinning at home laid her eyes by her in a Basin, but put them into her head when she went abroad: They are as kind as the Cuckoo, which devoureth the Bird that brought her up, and with the male Spider (as Aristotle saith) they eat the prey, but take no pains. Unwise were I, being empty and barren, if I thought to escape that which Homer, that sweet and sugared Maecenas of Greece, might in no wise avoid. Simple were I to seek to evade that which the wisest, and Learnedest, Socrates, Architas, and Seneca, could not eat. Zeno the poor Philosopher could resist the violence of the great King Antigonus, and Demosthenes could withstand the force of Philip, and yet neither of them could avoid the snares of those that defamed their Labour, and envied their diligence in Writing, and making of Books. Indeed it is the common doom of all Writers: Scaliger makes Galen fimbriam Hippocratis; and Paracelsus will have them both mere Idiots, Infants in Physic and Philosophy: Yea, Cardan condemns them also, for tediousness obscurity, and confusion. If such, and so many famous men that I could name, have suffered so much, what shall I expect? How shall I that am vix umbra tantae doctrinae, hope to please? For that which is most pleasing to one, is amaracum sui, most harsh to another: Quot homines, tot sententiae, so many men, so many minds; Unusquisque abundat sensu suo; and whilst each particular Party is so affected, how should one give satisfaction to all? How shall I hope to express myself to each man's humour and conceit? Some understand too little, some too much, Qui similiter in legendos libros, atque in salutandos homines irruunt, non cogitantes quales, sed quibus vestibus induti sint, as Austin observes, not regarding what, but who writes. If he be not rich, in great place, polite, and brave, a great Doctor, or full fraught with grand Titles, though never so well qualified, he is a Dunce! but, as Baronius hath it of Cardinal Caraffa's Works; he is a mere Hog that rejects any man pro paupertate suâ▪ Truly, the malice of men so exceedingly increaseth, that no man, not not the best learned, as you have heard (much lesle I) can do aught without reproach and slander; yea, and that chief by men of his own profession: For how hateful and vile a matter is this, and a plain demonstration of Envy, when one man of Science shall be asked by a stranger, what opinion he hath of another man of Science that he knoweth; he shall answer, he is a good Herbalist, or he understandeth well the practic part of Physic, I know nothing else of him. They that are perfect in nothing themselves have ever in readiness such disdainful reproach to hid their own Ignorance: as though a man being excellent in any one thing, it proved him to be ignorant in all other. Certainly the remembrance of such disdainful Objections (when I had already finished this thing) made me in doubt to put forth this Work; but that my Friends, with whom I conferred my do, earnestly persuaded me not to regard the rage of Envy, so long as Truth would bear out itself, while Time consumed both Slander and also Envy, the Author of all reproach; And that I should in no case cease to do that should profit many, for the evil of a few; some perhaps will say (to diminish that little honour which I might get by this my Work) that the Ancients have written the greatest part thereof: But they shall learn from the mouth of this great Oracle, That there is no lesle wit and understanding required to be able to judge of Sciences formerly written, than to be the first Authors of them. Indeed the Ancients, whose studious endeavours conspired the subduing of these and other Diseases, have left behind them most honourable Testimonies of their Labours; yea, and Modern men also have been stirred up to do the like; but some of them with so much tediousness and prolixity, that you may sooner find your Patient dead, than a remedy in their Writings, which (if my judgement be any thing) are more learned than useful. Besides, though there were many Giants of old in Physic and Philosophy, yet I say, with Didacus Stella, A Dwarf standing on the shoulders of a Giant may see further than the Giant himself; and it is no greater prejudice for me, to indite after others, than for Aelianus Montaltus, that famous Physician, to writ De Morbis Capitis, after Jason Pratensis, Heurnius, Hildesheim, etc. Oribasius, Aetius, Avicenna, have all out of Galen, but to their own Method, diverso stilo, non diversâ fide. Yea, I must usurp that of Wecker, è Ter. Nihil dictum quod non fuit dictum prius, Methodus sola artificem ostendit. I gathered my Stones out of many Quarries, but I composed my frame myself: If I have done well, it is that which I desired, but if I have done slenderly, it is that I could attain unto. For my own part, I respect matter, not words; remembering that of Cardanus, Verba propter res, non res propter verba: and seeking with Seneca, Quid scribam, non quemadmodum, rather what, than how to writ: I neglect Phrases, and labour wholly to inform my Readers understanding, not to please his ear; 'tis not my study, or intent, to compose neatly, which an Orator requires, but to express myself readily and plainly, as it happens: Whether I have attained the mark at which I aimed, or shot wide, I submit myself to thy learned, and favourable Censure: And as for those malicious Calumnies of Railers, and Detractors (as the barking of a Dog) I securely contemn them: What thou findest here amiss (except the faults of the Press) I freely confess it mine; yet neither wittingly, nor willingly is it mine; howsoever charge it to mine account, for I was ever of that Father's mind, which in all his Works and Writings, desired not only pium Lectorem, a courteous Reader of his Labours, but also liberum Correctorem, a free Reprover of his Faults; but so that they do it friendly, to blame in their judgement where it is equity, and not to blaze my faults unto the World, which is a breach of Charity; therefore do thou friendly reckon with me, and I will thankfully satisfy thee, and be sure to remember, that as it is thy duty to be thankful for the best, so thou oughtest to be charitable in thy censure of the rest. Consider what I say, and the Lord give thee understanding in all things. Thy Servant in Him, who took upon Him the form of a Servant for us, R. B. Index Capitum in hoc Tractatu Contentorum. CAp. 1. De Intemperie Cerebri page 1 2. De Meatuum cerebri angustia 5 3 De commotione cerebri 7 4 De Inflammatione cerebri 9 5 De cerebri Sphacelo 10 6 De Hydrocephalo 11 7 De Capitis contusione 13 8 De Vulnere cutis & pericranii 15 9 De Cranii Vulnere, seu fractura 16 10 De Cephalalgia, seu dolore Capitis 18 11 De Cephalaeae 20 12 De Hemicrania 21 13 De Monoplegia, seu Clavo 23 14 De Vigiliis nimiis 24 15 De Comate somnolento, seu Cataphora 26 16 De Vertigine 28 17 De Memoriae laesione 31 18 De Delirio 32 19 De Phrenitide 36 20 De Melancholia 39 21 De Mania, seu insania 42 22 De Rabie, seu Hydrophobia 46 23 De Lupina insania 49 24 De Chorea lasciva 51 25 De Comate vigili 52 26 De Lethargo 53 27 De Lassitudine 55 28 De Inquietudine ibid. 29 De Rigore 56 30 De Tremore 58 31 De Paralysi, seu resolutione nervorum. 59 32 De Spasmo, seu Convulsione 61 33 De Incubo 64 34 De Catalepsi, seu Catoche 66 35 De Epilepsia 68 36 De Caro 74 37 De Apoplexia 76 38 De Catarrho. 77 39 De Trachomate, seu paelpebrarum Asperitudine. 81 40 De Psoropthalmia, seu Pruriginosà Scabiosâque Lippitudine 82 41 De Emphysemate, seu palpebrarum Inflatione. 83 42 De Palpebrarum inviscatione. 84 43 De Ectropio, seu palpebrarum inversione. ibid. 44 De Lagophthalmia, seu Leporinâ palpebrâ 85 45 De Hydati ibid. 46 De Xeropthalmia, seu Aridâ Lippitudine 86 47 De Sclerophthalmia, seu Palpebrarum duritie 87 48 De Hordeolo ibid. 49 De Chalazio, seu Grandine 88 50 De Madarosi, seu Glabritie 89 51 De Trichiasi, & Phalangosi 90 52 De Phitiriasi ibid. 53 De Rhyade 91 54 De Encantide 92 55 De Anchilope ibid. 56 De Aegilope, seu Fistula lachrymali 93 57 De Ophthalmia, seu Lippitudine 94 58 De Taraxi seu Conturbatione 99 59 De Chemosi 100 60 De Pterygio, seu Ungue oculorum ibid. 61 De Panno 101 62 De Hyposphagmate, seu Suggillatione 102 63 De Corneae tunicae crassity 103 64 De Nebula 104 65 De Albugine 105 66 De Phlyctaenis, seu pustulis corneae 106 67 De Corneae Ruptura 107 68 De Corneae & Adnatae ulceribus 108 69 De Nomis, seu Ulceribus depascentibus ibid. 70 De Canero Corneae 109 71 De Vulneribus Corneae, & Oculorum dolore 110 72 De Hypopyo, seu pure sub cornea 111 73 De Prop●osi, seu Uveae procidentiâ 112 74 De Mydriasi, seu pupillae dilatatione 113 75 De Myosi, seu pupillae Angustiâ 115 76 De Hypochyma, seu Suffusione 116 77 De Humoris aquei vitiis 119 78 De Humoris Crystallini vitiis ibid. 79 De Humoris vitrei vitiis 121 80 De Oculi Atrophia, & Microphthalmo 122 81 De Oculi procidentia, & Exophthalmo 123 82 De Hippo 124 83 De Paralysi, seu Oculi resolutione 125 84 De Strabismo 126 85 De Amblyopia, seu Hebetudine 127 86 De Epiphora, seu Lachrymis involuntariis 128 87 De Paremptosi, seu Guttâ serenâ 129 88 De Symptosi, seu Concidentia, & Aporrexi 131 89 De Aurium Inflammatione 132 90 De Vlceribus aurium, & Vermibus 134 91 De Otalgia, seu Aurium dolore 135 92 De Cophosi, seu Surditate, & Gravi auditu 136 93 De Sonitu, seu Tinnitu aurium 138 94 De Narium Ulcere, & Ozana 139 95 De Sarcomate, & Polypo 140 96 De Narium foetore 141 97 De Hamorhagia narium 142 98 De Olfactus laesione 146 99 De Coryza, seu Gravedine. 147 100 De Sterutatione 148 101 De Linguae Tumore 149 102 De Batracho, seu Ranula sub Lingua 152 103 De Linguae nigritie cum scabrity, & Scissuris 153 104 De Linguae Balbutie, Paralysi, & Aphoniâ 154 105 De Laesione Gustatus 155 106 De Labiorum Fissuris 156 107 De Labiorum Ulceribus 157 108 De Labiorum tremore, & Perversione 158 109 De Oris Apertione, & Hiatu 159 110 De Oris Oscitatione 160 111 De Oris Tortura, seu distortione. 161 112 De Ptyalismo, seu Crebra Sputatione 162 113 De Oris Ulceribus, & Aphthis 163 114 De Oris Foetore 165 115 De Dentium Corrosione 166 116 De Dentium mobilitate 168 117 De Odontalgia, seu Dentium dolore 169 118 De Dentium Stridore, & Stupore 175 119 De Dentium Nigredine 176 120 De Ginoivarum Excrescentia, & Epulide 177 121 De Parulide, seu Gingivarum inflammatione 178 122 De Gingivarum Erosione, & Exulceratione 179 123 De Fluxu Sanguinis ex gingivis 180 124 De Maxilla inferioris immobilitate 183 125 De Maxillae inferioris luxatione ibid. 126 De Uuulae, seu Columellae relaxatione 185 127 De Columellae inflammatione 186 128 De Tonsillarum, seu Amygdalarum inflammatione 188 129 De Malignis tonsillarum Ulceribus 189 ERRATA. PAge 5. linea 11. read causato. p. 32. l. 23. r. depravation. p. 35. l. ult. r. praec ●uè p. 63. l. 12. r. she. p. 68 l. 20. r. orta p. 70. l. 21. r. Castore. ℈. p. 71. l. 8. r. ℈ i l. 22. r. he took p. 72. l. 14. r. carui. p. 74. l. 24. r. Coch. ʒ ss. p. 75. l. 6. r. ʒ i p. 93. l. 6. r. coaguli leporis. ℥ ss. p. 95. l. 16. r. Croci ℈ i p. 109. l. 26 deal to be. p. 114. l. 4. r. scattering. p. 117. l. 12. r. couching. l. 16. r. couched. p. 122. l. 21, 22, and 23. deal. because therein, etc. p. 132. l. 9 r. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. p. 133. l. 26. r. ℥ i ss. p. 142. l. 10. r. extracted, p. 149. l. 12. r. waterish phlegm. p. 147. l. 15. r. concitata. p. 148. l. 19 r. promittit. p. 153. l. ult. r. officè, p. 155. l. 9 add fol. origani, salviae, staechadis, rorismar. ana M. ss. p. 159. l. 16. r. quod, p. 162. l. 12. r. ℈ ss. p. ibid. l. 13. r. ℈ i p. ibid. l. 20. add Lavendula, p. 167. l. 7. r. ℈ i p. 171. l. 27. r. mororum, p. 172. l. 25. r. held, p. 174 l. 13. r. ʒ i ss. p. 178. l. add Nutmeg. p. 185. l. 24. r. ℈ two. p. 186. l. 6. r. upon a student who had. p. ibid. l. 14. r. not of. Plurima forsan occurrent, sed levinscula mibi raptim perlegenti praeterlapsa, quae Lector Candidus facilè condonabit, intelligens facillimè emendabit. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: SEU Tractatus de Morborum Capitis Essentiis & Prognosticis: Plusquam trecentis selectis Observationibus adornatus. CAPUT I De Intemperie Cerebri. INtemperies Cerebri, The Distemper of the Brain, is a swerving of the same from its natural and pristine temper, brought upon it, by reason of some external and internal causes. A distemper of the brain with or without matter, if recent, is a great deal easier to be cured than that which hath continued long, and is almost turned into a habit. Intemperies per consensum (quando materia aliunde ad caput transmittitur) ceteris paribus, quàm quae per essentiam, faciliùs curatur. A distemper of the brain proceeding from blood, either overthin, or too thick, is not to be made light of, but the cure must forthwith be set upon and attempted, jest an inflammation follow thereupon. Intemperies cum pituita saepe in stuporem, paralysin, apoplexiam, & soporosoes affectus degenerate. Dominus Sindal, 24 annorum, Intemperie cerebri ab humore melancholico praecipuè procedente laborabat. He was of a very timorous and fearful nature, and often complained of a siccity in his nostrils; at last desiring my advice, I thus set upon the cure. ℞ foliorum senaeʒ i ss. seminis foeniculi contusi ℈ two. decoctionis communis, ℥ ix. fiat Infusio: in qua dissolve syrupi rosarum sol. ℥ i Misce, pro duabus dosibus, half over night about ten of the clock, and the other half in the morning warm; It wrought very well, and did him much good: the decoction was thus prepared. Recipe polypodii quercini contusi ℥ two. prunorum Damascenorum ℥ vi. foliorum senae ℥ i. ss. Glycyrrhizae rasae & contusae ℥ i. ss. passularum enucleatarum ℥ i ss. seminis foeniculi contusiʒ two. Herbarum, Endiviae, Cichoreae, violarum, ana M i aquae fontanae lb. iii ss. vel lb iv. Fiat decoctio secundùm artem. I commanded him to refrain from wine, strong beer, and salt things; So often as he was thirsty, he drank of this Julep. Recipe aquae fumariae lb i syrupi è succo fumariae ℥ iii Misce. By this he felt much refreshment; I caused him to boil in his broth Endive, chicory, Lettuce, Bugloss and Borage, and every night to eat a roasted Pippin. ●●om the Cephalick vein was let out six ounces of blood, which was very adust: and than next I prescribed him this potion. Recipe Rhabarbari electiʒ i senaeʒ two. foeniculi dulc. ℈ two. fiat omnium infusio▪ in sero lactis ℥ v. factáque forti expressione, add syrupi epithymi, fumariae, ana ℥ i misce. It gave four stools: I also caused the temples of his head to be bathed, and the inside of his nostrils to be touched every night with a little of this Unguent. Recipe Unguenti populeonis cum opio, ʒ i olei nucis moschatae gut. three misce. This procured sleep, by which his brain was humected. And lastly, I directed him to the use of Cassia new drawn with syrup of Roses, one ounce to be taken at a time in posset ale, wherein sweet Fennel seeds have been boiled. With these Remedies at length (through God's blessing) he was freed from his distemper, and is at this present in very good health. Domina Sugget, aetatis 37 annorum, intemperie cerebri, ab humore pituitoso praecipuè, correptae est. She was very much indisposed to stir, having a heaviness in her head, with a propensity to sleep; she also complained of a pain about the hinder part of her head, which afflicted her commonly from the third hour of the night until the ninth; her face was sometimes read, and as it were painted, but for the most part extraordinary pale; I being sent for, prescribed this Clyster. ℞ Glycyrrhizae contusae ℥ i. passularum ℥ i. ss. cardui benedicti, staechadis, florum chamomillae, meliloti, betonicae, rorismarini, ana, m ss. Bulliant in sufficienti quantitate aquae, ad lb i collaturae adde hierae picraeʒ two. mellis ℥ i. salis communisʒ i Fiat enema. It was often repeated, with good success. ℞ Centaurii, Cardui benedicti, ana, m ss. sarsaparillae incisae & contusaeʒ iii these were boiled in posset ale, and a draught thereof given her hot, at her entrance into bed; it procured sweated very plentifully by the space of one hour: The next day she sat up with lesle heaviness; after the second sweeting she told me she was well, being able to walk, and to endure the light; nevertheless, to strengthen the animal faculty, I gave her this Electuary following. ℞ Conservae rorismarini, betonicae, ana ℥ i ss. Lapidis Bezoardici orientalis, gr. three Specierum dianthos, ℈. ss. Syrupi de stoechade, q. s. Fiat Electuarium: Of this she took the quantity of a small bean evening and morning and so she was perfectly cured. Domina Collard, 70. annorum, mihi vicina, post diuturni i●teritiae laboris curam, intemperie cerebri à vapore per consensum correpta est; & sic curata fuit. ℞ syrupi rosarum sol ℥ ss. Decocti communis ℥ ix. spiritus cinnamomi, gut. two. misce. she took half last at night, which gave three stools next morning; after which, (the weakness and lightness in her head being removed) she was able to sit up; and soon after the taking of the rest she went abroad, and the distemper returned not more. I remember, she had also this mixture, which did her much good. ℞ Rob de ribs ℥ ss. confectionis Alkermes, Syrupi infusionis florum caryophillorum, ana, ʒ two. aquae cinnamomi, aquae menthae, ana, gut. v. folium auri, misce; she took a little often of a knife's point, and that with very much delight. Juvenis quidam melancholico temperamento affectus, Intemperie cerebri à seroso humour, à nimia vini potatione causata, procedente, laborabat; For the removing of which I prescribed the following Pills. ℞ pilularum Cochiarum, Extracti Radii, ana ℈ i Resinae jalapae gr. seven. misce. & f. pill. numero 7. he took three over night, about ten of the clock, and the rest in the morning about 7. they wrought so effectually, that being again repeated, he became perfectly well. CAP. II. De Meatuum Cerebri angustia. MEatuum Cerebri angustia, the straightness of the passages of the brain than happeneth, when the said passages are either obstructed through humours or vapours; or else compressed by reason of some tumour or violence offered to the skull. Angustia à vapore proveniens levior est, & facilior curátu, quàm ea quae ab humore procedit. If it proceeds à sanguine è vasis effuso, an inflammation follows from its putrefaction and rottenness: Si verò sanguis adhuc in vasis suis haereat, facilè curatur. If phlegm obstruct the passages of the brain, it must be timely and speedily evacuated, jest it unavoidably causeth the Palsy. Angustia à tumore vel defectu suturarum incurabilis est. Robert Lemon of Armingale, being about four and forty years old, is taken twice in a year with a dolorous heaviness in his head, and his sight is so weak that he is not able to endure the light, but is brought to me by his wife who leads him all the way with a double cloth before his eyes; yet immediately after bleeding all the symptoms vanish, so that he plucks away his muffler, walks home without any help, and continues very well and sound until the next spring. I have been forced to let him blood at lest twelve or thirteen times, and every time I draw away about 14 or 15 ounces; yet so great is the plethory, that he misseth it not: surely in his extremity the passages of the brain are very much compressed, by reason the vessels thereof are so much distended with blood. We read in Paraeus of two men that were cured of a most dangerous Angustia caused by the malign fume and venomous vapour of charcoal, First, aqua vitae mingled with treacle was often injected into their mouths. Secondly, Vomitories of Oxymel in a great quantity was given them. Thirdly, sternutation was excited, by blowing into the nostrils the powder of Euphorbium, thereby to stir up the expulsive faculty of the brain, to the expulsion of that which oppressed it. Fourthly, the chemical oil of Mints was rubbed on their palates and cheeks. Fifthly, sharp Clysters were administered, and frictions of their arms, legs, and back-bones were not omitted. Thus at length (through God's blessing) they came to themselves again; after which Cordials were administered unto them; not only to generate new spirits, but also to attenuate and purify those that were cloudy and gross in their bodies. CAP. III. De commotione Cerebri. COmmotio cerebri, The commotion of the Brain, is a removal of the same from its natural place, by reason of some external and violent causes. Every commotion of the brain is very dangerous; because for the most part (beside an Apoplexy and Palsy, which doth sometimes hap) there followeth a Fever arising from the matter that becometh putrid and rotten, also a delirium, a sphacelus of the brain, and consequently death. Si materia, in cerebri commotione, è capite ejiciatur, & ad nervos detrudatur, caecitas ab obstructione nervorum opticorum & convulsiones, sequuntur. A little lad, ten years of age, in St. Saviour's Parish, receiving a blow on his head, fell into a sudden consternation, insomuch that he became, as it were, altogether dumb, speechless, and likewise altogether deprived of motion, only he opened his eyes; Mr. Crop, an experienced Chirurgeon (now deceased) and I, being sent for about two of the clock in the afternoon, we find him moreover infested and afflicted with vomiting, by consent of the stomach, and in an acute fever; all which considered, we concluded he would die in a very short time, and so accordingly it fell out; for about the third day following he departed this life. Etiam memini Dominum Hamond, Scarnicensem, violentissima commotione cerebri mortuum fuisse. For falling from an high place, the passages of his brain were so smitten, and the Vessels so broken, that there happened not only an Aphony or loss of Speech, with deprivation of motion, but also a pouring forth of blood by his mouth, ears and nostrils, and that in great abundance. I being sent for some few hours before he died, could feel no motion of any Pulse, save only about the heart, I felt a small pulsation. Half an hour before he died he was taken with Singultus. Plura de Cerebri commotione vide in Paraeo, lib. 10. cap. 9 where many Histories are inserted touching this most perilous disease, of which very few escape or recover. CAP. IU. De inflammatione cerebri. INflammatio cerebri, The inflammation of the brain is a swelling thereof, proceeding from blood poured forth out of the vessels into the voided spaces of that part, and there putrifying. As for the Prognosis, or foreknowledge of things, in this disease, if the Urine be white and extraordinary clear, it signifies death, quia bilis ad caput rapitur: If there be a trembling of the tongue, or if they scrape together straws, there is but small hope of cure. If there appear to fall from the nostrils a black drop, sincere or bright, it is desperate, in regard it proceeds from a very vehement adustion. If a convulsion follow upon an inflammation of the brain, death is to be expected. There is very little or no hope of cure, if a delirium being at the first present, there follow thereupon gnashing and grating together of the teeth: Nam convulsio musculorum in temporibus & maxillis significatur. Eaque etiam ad suppurationem tendens lethalis est: quia pus intra cranium & membranam evacuari non potest. Si sudor multus calidus à capite, vel die critico copiosus sanguis naribus effluit, aliqua spes curationis est. My brother's servant, twenty two years old, I remember, was taken with an inflammation of the brain; he had a perpetual Delirium which began sensibly or gradually, by little and little, a read kind of colour and deformity of his face and eyes, caused through the heat which dried up the membranes; he had a swift and quick pulse, an acute and continual fever, which from third day to third day was exasperated; also salt and sharp tears did sometimes distil from his eyes. I gave notice to his friends of the danger he was in, and the impossibility of his recovery, for so great an inflammation in so moist and tender a part as the brain, doth quickly produce a sphacelus or mortification; yet his master being very importunate with me to do something for him, I opened a vein, prescribed cooling clysters, gave him gentle Apozems, etc. but all in vain, for on the seventh day he died. CAP. V De cerebri Sphacelo. SPhacelus cerebri. The mortification of the brain is a suppuration or corruption of the very substance thereof, quae gangraena, vel syderatio etiam nominatur. This disease is most dangerous, and commonly deadly, even in three days space, as Hypocrates showeth in his 51. Aphorism, Sect. 7. saying, They die within three days whose brain gins to corrupt; but if they live longer, they recover their health. Galen teacheth that we are not here to understand, by a sphacel, a complete corruption of the brain, because that is uncurable; but such as is at hand by reason of the great inflammation. In those which recover (quod rarissimè contingit) nulla est praeteritorum memoria: they can neither remember their disease, nor any thing concerning it. Dominus Henricus House, è Parochia Sanctae Margaritae, Sphacelo cerebri correptus est. He tossed to and from, and could not remain in the same place; yet if any man asked him how he did, he would answer, he was well; he never took any meat or drink, but utterly refused all that his keeper endeavoured to give him; he would often bring his hand to his head, on which he would sometimes lay hold, being desirous to tear and pluck his hair; but as the disease increased, his body grew faint, which abated his violence: Sometimes he would suddenly rise up and roar out, and than presently lie down; on the third day he died, but a little before, I remember there came forth a filthy green matter out of his nostrils. CAP. VI De Hydrocephalo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Hydrops capitis, is a swelling of the head, arising from the collection of some serous or wheyish humour in some one part or other of the members that constitute the head. Affectus curationem recipit, si aqua extra cranium contineatur. Si verò intra (inter cranium, piam & duram matrem) collecta sit, plerumque incurabilis est Hydrocephalus. If an Apoplexy or a Lethargy seize upon the party, death suddenly follows. Petrus Forestus, in one of his Observations, tells us, how he cured a little Infant newly born with a mighty swelling in his head, by an Ointment which consisted ex pulvere origani, chamomillae, absinthii, ana ʒ iii pulv. myrtil. ros. rub. meliloti, ana, ʒ two. olei chamomil. q. s. ad incorporationem, cum pauco butyro, & cera adjecta fiebat unguentum. After unction there was cast on a powder framed ex myrtillis, ros. cinnamomo, caryophillis, & chamomilla; quibus infans curatus est. Many children have been cured by the use of that Lineament set down in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. pag. 276. Yea Amatus Lusitanus writes, that an Infant taken with the Hydrocephalus was cured therewith in three days. Moreover, in the forementioned page of my Enchiridion, there is another excellent Lineament, consisting of oil of Chamomil and Brimstone in powder; which Placentinus did use with most happy success. Also Forestus declares, how a little infant was cured therewith: The child's head was besmeared twice in a day with the Lineament warm, by the space of a month; which being done, warm and dry wool was applied to his head until he had recovered his health. Fabricius saith, that in the greatest swelling of the head, the water of quick lime (abjectâ calce) is a most effectual remedy, if a sponge be dipped therein, and applied warm; ac hoc solo remedio se hydrocephalum curasse scribit. CAP. VII. De Capitis Contusione. COntusio capitis, The contusion of the head, is a smiting or knocking together of the same (the external part thereof mean while, for the most part, appearing sound and entire) by something that is weighty, hard, obtuse and blunt. Si musculi temporales contundantur, delirium, paralysis, convulsio, & mors inde sequitur. Petrus Pachequus, a famous Physician, declares that a nephew of his, receiving a bruise on his head, became sad, and complained a little of headache. A month after he fell into a Fever, cum somnolentia & capitis dolore: Ever and anon he risen up and cried out; on the seventh day of his fever, he voided corrupt matter from his nose, and presently died. A maid, twenty years of age, received a blow with a stone a little above her forehead, and went for all that about her usual business. Howbeit three days after she complained of a dull pain in her head, she became sleepy, and was a little feverish. Upon the seventeenth day certain convulsive motions appear; upon the twenty an Imposthume breaking, and greenish quittour coming out of her nostrils, she died. A certain Gentleman fell backwards; he remained some days intent upon his business, afterwards he began to rave, to desire fire, saying that he was cold; to be sleepy. He had a bad night, ever and anon putting his hand unto his head. Upon the eleventh day the imposthume broke, and voiding purulent quittour out of his mouth, he suddenly died. A certain young man, twenty eight years old, fell down headlong upon the left Bregma, upon a marble pavement, whence he received a contused wound, without any fracture of the skull, and being he was of a sanguine temperature; by occasion of this wound a Fever took him on the seventh day, with a continual delirium, and a Phlegmonous tumour, which possessed his whole head and neck; yet was he cured by losing twenty seven saucers of blood, drawn away at five times, within the space of four days. CAP. VIII. De Vulnere cutis, & pericranii. VUlnus cutis, The wound of the skin (the Cranium mean while remaining unhurt) is, to wit, when the skin alone, the fleshy pannicle, the muscles, or even also the Pericranium is wounded. A simple wound of the head by itself is not perilous, neither do any die thereof, if rightly handled: Yet it is well said of Hypocrates, that no wound of the head is to be neglected, because oftentimes it brings danger, yea sometimes a fever. A notable example we have in Schenkius, lib. 1. observ. 35. Concerning Charles the King of Spain's son, who by reason of the neglecting of a wound in his head, at first not perilous, was afterwards brought into danger of his life. We have also another example of one who by reason of a wound in his head not well cured, had the bone of his skull corrupted and vitiated; from whence there arose diuturnus & longus capitis dolour. If the wound shall be simple and supersiciary, it may than be cured altar this manner: First, the hair must be shaved away, and a plaster applied made of the white of an Egg, bole armoniac and Aloes. Than, the day following, you must apply Emplastrum de janua, or else de Gratia Dei, until the wound be perfectly healed. But if it be deeper, and penetrate even to the Pericranium, than it will be good to apply, at the second dressing, a digestive made of Venice Turpentine, the yolks of Eggs, oil of Roses, and a little Saffron; and that must be used so long, until the wound come to maturation; for than you must add Honey of Roses, and Barley flour, to the digestive. The rest of the cure is easily performed, Linimentum Arcei is indeed as a sufficient Balm for new wounds, especially in the head, so that a better can scarce be found out by art It doth all the intentions of healing a wound in the head merely of itself, the Flux being stayed; for it digesteth, mundifieth, incarneth, and cicatrizeth. CAP. IX. De Cranii vulnere seu fractura. VUlnus seu fractura cranii, The wound or fracture of the skull, is a continual solution, caused by some external violence and force; and yet such as reacheth not, neither attaineth unto, the membranes of the brain. If the wound be in the Sutures, or very nigh unto the brain, or hap with a Contusion, or at the full of the moon, it is hard to cure. Si etiam in temporibus accidit; curatu est difficile▪ quia musculi temporales arteriis, venis & nervis abundant. The cure is doubtful, if presently upon the blow, the Patient's strength and spirits fail him. But if the wound become withered, dry, purulent and black, there is little or no hope of cure. In vulneribus enim magnis, si tumores non superveniant, malum; authore Hippocrate. It is no lesle dangerous, if after the seventh day a Fever come to appear: Quia putredinis in cerebro est indicium. Periculosum etiam est, si quis in capite post veneris usum vulneretur. It is not without danger, if the head be prove and subject to distillations, and the tumours called Erysipelas', aut lue venereâ infectum, aut omnino cacochymicum sit, aut hecticâ febre, vel tabe, vel alio morbo consumptum. You must note, that nothing is so hurtful in fractures and wounds of the head, as venery; not only at that time the disease is present, but also long after the cure thereof: For great plenty of Spirits are contained in a small quantity of seed, and the greatest part thereof flows from the brain; hence therefore all the faculties, but chief the animal, are resolved; whence we have divers times observed death to ensue in small wounds of the Head, yea, when they have been agglutinated and united. Quò ad vulneris, seu fracturae Cranii, curationem, vide Paraeum, lib. 10. c. 15, & 16. Hitherto hath been spoken of the Diseases of the Brain; in the next, we shall treat of the Symptoms thereof, and first of those of the external Senses. CAP. X. De Cephalalgia, seu Dolore Capitis. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, The Cephalalgy, is a new, and painful grief, of the whole head, arising either from a thick and cold matter, compressing the sensible parts; or else from a thin and hot humour or vapour, which toucheth the Membranes. An external headache is always lesle dangerous, and easier cured than an internal: Dolore capitis in febre acuta cum urina tenui & alba, periculosus. In a great headache it is evil, to have the extreme parts cold; for by the vehemency of the pain there is a strong attraction of heat to the part affected, which will 'cause Inflammation: Dolour capitis post febres acutas perseverans, ostendit naturae imbecillitatem in expellendo materiam morbosam: hinc itaque alia insequitur aegritudo, sicuti phrenesis, vel lethargus, vel apoplexia, vel paralysis, vel mania, vel surditas, vel caecitas, secundùm quod materia vel calida, vel frigida, vel simplex, vel composita fuerit: & secundùm quod ad hanc, vel illam partem, inclinabit. A strong pain of the head suddenly seizing, without evacuation following, or mitigation of the disease, is deadly; destructionem enim facultatis animalis significat, which no more feeleth that object which caused the grief. Dolour capitis, qui à principio non fuit, certum est indicium futurae erisis per vomitum, aut sanguinis è naribus fluxum. To women with child, sleepy, and heavy headaches are evil: But if pus, water, or blood flow forth by the mouth, ears, or nostrils, the danger is than past. They that recover of a disease in the inferior parts, and have after a vehement headache, (if a manifest evacuation went not before) will have an Impostume in their brain; materiae enim morbisicae translationem ad cerebrum significat. A certain Gentleman tarrying too long in the Sun, was taken with extreme headache; for the removal of which, there was taken seven ounces of blood from his forehead vein, whereby his headache was presently abated, and soon after went quite away. I read of a Spanish Prince, who being grievously tormented with headache, was four times let blood in the arm; but the pain still continuing as strong as before, it was taken away within the space of an hour, by opening the Saphena in his right ankle. A certain Baronet, aged about 44. was altogether freed of a most cruel pain in his head, chief, by the applying of Leeches to the Hemorrhoid Veins. Vide mean Scholam Physicam, Rec. 40. CAP. XI. De Cephalaea. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is a long, continued, contumacious pain, infesting and annoying with most grievous Paroxysms the whole Brain and Head, or at lest the greatest part, but especially the Membranes. Cephalea antiqua▪ omnium capitis dolorum est pessima, nam (ut scribit Gordonius) epilepsiam futuram denotat. Also a headache continually vexing, and depriving the Patient of rest, is not without danger; for it is the forerunner of madness, & maximè, si vomitus accedat aeruginosus. A certain Gentlewoman, of a melancholy constitution, being troubled many years together with a most grievous headache, which held her in a manner perpetually; after a multitude of Medicaments used in vain, was thus helped. ℞ Conservae fol. absynthii, capill. ven. & rad. enulae camp. ana ℥ i salis absynth. & tamarisci, ana ʒ i cum syrupo capill. ven. fiat opiata. Of which she took two drachms every day, two hours before meat. Every fifth day she took two scruples of Pillulae Catholicae, with which remedies continued ten days together her grievous and long-lasting pain was cured. A certain Virgin, being tormented with a grievous headache, for many months together, and having tried many remedies in vain; a certain Chirurgeon shaved all the hair from her head, and covered the same with a Vesicatory, whereupon bladders being raised, a great quantity of wheyish blood flowed out, and so she was cured. A certain woman, fifty years old, was troubled with a most cruel and stubborn pain in her head, caused by the malignant quality of Quicksilver (after the use of Mercurial Unguents and Pills) assailing and molesting the brain: for the removing of which, a piece of gold was wrapped up, and thrust into each nostril, and kept there some hours; also another piece of gold was held five hours in her mouth, they were taken out white, and being put on hot coals, the quicksilver vapoured away; this remedy being often repeated, that most cruel pain of her head was wholly taken away. Another woman, wanting her courses, was afflicted for four months together with a most grievous headache; at last, her temporal artery being opened, and five ounces of blood drawn away, she was quite freed from her pain. CAP. XII. De Hemicrania. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Is a painful distemper of one half part of the head only, which ariseth from those parts that are situated beneath it. He micrania multo durans tempore, & quae incurabilis facta est, ad malas oculorum aegritudines, visus scilicet debilitatem, & caecitatem, perducere solet. A certain Gentleman was troubled with a pain possessing the one half of his head, for many years together; and after many Medicines tried in vain, he was cured by the smoke of Amber, which he received in at his mouth and nostrils, for half an hour together, when the pain was upon him. Paraeus and Formius highly commend the opening of an artery in the temples, for the curing of Hemicrania; especially if the cause proceed from hot, thin, and vaporous blood, which will yield to no Medicines. Zacutus Lusitanus propounds four Remedies, confirmed by experience: Namely, An Issue in the back of the hand, between the thumb and fore finger; opening of the vein in the forehead, and the corner of the eye, and Horseleeches to the temples. He is not content to apply two or three, as ordinarily is done, but ten or twelve, round about the temples; whence comes a great attraction of blood, which may draw forth the whole matter of the disease. Among the proper Medicines for the Headache, from what cause soever it ariseth, Vervain is the chief; whose water distilled, you may both apply externally, and give of it internally, to the quantity of four ounces, with three drops of the Spirit of Salt. Green Vervain only hung about the neck hath cured two Patients, when many other Medicines failed, as Forestus reports. Sweeting decoctions are very good in Hemicrania; and famous Authors declare that many have been cured thereby. Plura de Hemicrania, & Cephaloea, Vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 1. c. 16. CAP. XIII. De Monoplegia, seu Clavo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Clavus, is a sharp pain possessing a small part of the head, most commonly the right or left eyebrow, as if a nail were driven in there, caused by a fierce and subtle matter shut up with some wind. Forestus, in one of his Observations, declares, how his wife Eva Teylingia, being taken, in the year 1572. in the month of January, with the pain of the head called Clavus, and much afflicted with the Cough; after she had used a decoction of Hyssop, Betony, Maidenhair, Raisins, and such like; was helped with the following Pills, which she took after midnight. ℞ Pilul. mastichinarum ℈. i. ss. pilul. cochiar. aurear. de agarico, ana, ℈ ss. cum syr. è stoechade: Fiant pilulae quinque. They gave six stools, and so she was delivered from her pain. Formius, in his 31 Observation, saith, That the opening of the temporal artery does wonderfully help in Monoplegia, or Clavus, and that he hath safely performed it in many. Concerning the manner of doing of it, vide Riverii observationes, cent. 2. observ. 56. & 89. & Simeonis Jacoz observ. 12. sicut & Paraei, lib. 17. cap. 6. Anno Domini 1642. Memini unum ex cognatis meis circiter annos quinquagenos natum correptum fuisse vehementissimo dolore paulo supra dextrum supercilium, quitandem in phrenitidem ipsum ingessit; but escaping that danger, fifteen years after he was taken with the like pain, and fearing the like event, I first prescribed a dose of Cephalick Pills, which wrought very well; and than caused him to chase and bathe the part affected with that incomparable Unguent set down in my Tractate, De tumoribus praeter naturam, sect. 1. cap. 5. p. 21. After twice or thrice using it, the pain was quite taken away, and returned not more. And so much touching the Symptoms of the External senses: Next follow those of the Common sense. CAP. XIV. De Vigiliis nimiis. VIgiliae praeter naturam, Watch preternatural, are; The exercise and wearying of the common sense, and the external (likewise) beyond a due and fit measure; arising from the continual uninterrupted influx of the Spirits into the Organs. Vigiliae si longo tempore durant, aegrum in pessimas aegritudines deducunt, in maniam, melancholiam, phrenitidem, febrem acutam, hecticam, & interdum ad cachexiam: Et si perseveraverint, aeger tandem moritur. We find by experience that much watching hurts the temperature of the brain, weakens the senses, wastes the spirits, breeds crudities, heaviness of the head, falling away of the flesh, and leanness over all the body. In senio, teste Avicenna, & ex pituita salsa, nitrosa, vix curationem recipit. If watch have their original from internal causes, the cure is difficult. Si à vigiliis nimiis tussis proveniat, malum. Siccitatem enim organis respirationis communicari significat. If watch bring a convulsion, or delirium, on the Patient, it is evil. Nam vehementem exiccationem, & facultatis animalis debilitatem significant. Corpora vigiliis assueta minus laeduntur. The cure consists, First, in removing of the causes that occasion and produce those watch. Secondly, In procuring sleep, either by cooling Cephalicks outwardly applied, or inwardly given, or else by Narcoticks. I knew a Gentlewoman, that could seldom or never rest well, unless she took overnight, about bedtime, the quantity of one drachm and half, or two drachms of Diascordium: Sometimes she would take a spoonful of the syrup of Poppies; and if she rested not in an hour or two, she would than take another, and so a third, if need did require. Many I have cured of this affect, only with that Apozem and Unguent described in the First Chapter, De intemperie cerebri, in Domini Sindal curatione. CAP. XV. De Comate somnolento, seu Cataphora. COma somnolentum, The somnolent or sleepy Coma, is a deep and profound kind of drowsiness, arising from hence, to wit, that the sensus communis, or common sense, is become so dull, sluggish, and stupid, that it permits not the Animal spirits to be diffused unto the external senses, neither doth it know, or is able to judge of those Objects that it receiveth from them. Periculosius coma est quod in continuis febribus accidit. It is desperate, si à morbis calidis & siccis oriatur; for than, by this means, of necessity there must needs be an extraordinary cooling in the brain; if the malady grow to be so sad and grievous, ut sensus motus, & respiratio ipsa tollatur, lethale est. The cure is doubtful if it arise from some malignant cause, or follow upon the extreme imbecility of the Patient's strength; Minùs periculosum est, quod ob consensum sit, sive ventriculi, sive intestinorum, sive uteri; modò caussa tolli possit. Dominus Moss, Paswicensis, 67. annos natus, comate somnolento laborabat. He slept with his lower jawbone somewhat hanging down; and when I spoke aloud to him, he would open his eyes, and answer to a question, but immediately fall asleep again. I foretold the danger he was in, because it followed upon a malignant and quotidian Fever; yet his friends being very desirous I should do something for him, I first prescribed this Clyster. ℞ Glycyrrhizae rasae & contusae, ℥ i passularum enucleatarum, ℥ i ss. Rutae, salviae, ana P. ss. centaurei minor. cardui benedicti, ana M. ss. Flor. betonicae, rorismarini, chamomillae, ana p. i Seminis foeniculi contusi, ʒ iii ex quibus fiat decoctum, de quo sumatur, lb i cui addatur butyri quantit. ovi, mellis, ℥ i ss. salis come. ʒ two. F. enema. Next, I sent him these Pills; ℞ pilularum cochiarum, ʒ ss. Extracti Rudii, ℈ ss. Misce, & fiant pill. numero quinque. They were dissolved in Posset-Ale, wherein Rosemary and Betony had been boiled; yet he scarce tasted their bitterness, so great was the stupidity of the sensus communis; he had four or five stools, after which he came to himself, and within a few days (the former Clyster being often repeated) he grew perfectly well, and came to my house. And so much of the Symptoms of the Common sense, next follow those of the Imagination. CAP. XVI. De Vertigine. VErtigo, is a false imagination, in which all objects, and the head itself, seem to turn round, ab inordinato & circulari motu spiritus animalis in parte anteriore cerebri exorta. Or, it is a sudden darkening of the eyes and sight, by a vaporous and hot spirit, which ascendeth to the head by the sleepy arteries, and fills the brain, disturbing the humours and spirits which are there contained, and tossing them unequally, as if one ran round, or had drunk too much wine. A new Vertigo, that comes but seldom, and proceeds only à causis externis, levior est, ac curatu facilior. If in it the head and whole body seem to wheel & to turn round, the cure is very doubtful; and if the sick man falls to the ground, it foretells an Epilepsy, or Apoplexy; especially if the Vertigo hath continued long, and comes very often. In an old man its most dangerous, because his brain is colder and weaker, and phlegm doth more abound: A vertigo proceeding from hot humours is sooner dissolved, than that which comes of cold, quia humores calidi faciliùs discutiuntur. A certain maid, 24 years of age, troubled with the Vertigo or giddiness, I thus helped; ℞ Calomelanos, gr. xv Scammonii praeparati, gr. viij. Conservae rosarum rubrarum, ʒ i Misce. Towards night it gave her ten or twelve stools; after which she became perfectly well. Another I helped with this, ℞ Mercurii dulcis, gr. xuj. resinae jalapae, gr. viij. cons●rosarum rubr. ʒ i misce. It gave nine stools, and so she was cured. A certain young man was a long time troubled with the dark Vertigo, called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, in which the eyes are both darkened, as it were, with smoke, or a cloud, and desiring my advice, I thus set upon the cure: ℞ Extracti Rudii, ʒ ss. Calomelanos, gr. seven. Resinae benedictae, gr. three misce. & f. pill. numero quinque they wrought very well, and did him much good. Next, I commanded him to sneez every third morning, with a little of this powder: ℞ pulveris sternutatorii (descripti in meo Enchiridio medico, p. 6.) ℈ ss. pulveris castorei, gr. three Misce. Every night, for 7 nights together, he drank a draught of Posset-Ale, wherein Holy Thistle, and sweet Fennel seeds were boiled; after which, the Vertigo was quite taken away, and returned not more. Memini me eisdem remediis Dominum Sugget ex periculosa vertigine cuirass; only he was twice purged with Pills. Ancilla Dominae Laurence vertigine & tumore supra faciem laborabat; for the removing of which I prescribed this following Apophlegmatism. Take a quantity of white Wine Vinegar, a quantity of Mustardseed, and as much Pellitory of Spain; bruise them, and tie them up into little Bags about the bigness of a Walnut, than put them into the Wine Vinegar, and let them boil a little; than take out one of the Bags, and hold it between your teeth; when that is cold, take another, so continued half an hour: Thus do every day for four or five days together: This drew an incredible quantity of Rheum, and filth from her head; after which, I gave her a dose of Cephalick Pills, which wrought very well; and so she was perfectly cured. Dominus Robertus Hamond gravissimae vertigini obnoxius erat; from which he could never be free, until he used this following Electuary. ℞ Absynthii ℥ i. artemisiae, ʒ vi. sacchari albi, ℥ iv. ss. Fiat conserva, deinde adde pulveris stoechados, ʒ two. conservae florum rorismarini, ℥ ss. cum syrupo de stoechade, fiat Electuarium, Dosis, ʒ two. singulis noctibus. Vertiginem per consensum ventriculi per vomitum ordinariè sublevo, & eam quae calida intemperie accidit, cum infusione senae & foeniculi dulcis, in decoctione communi, removeo. Domina Brogdel, annos circiter 40. nata vertigine simplice correpta est, quae à Graecis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nominatur, in which the sight remains unhurt: At last, desiring my help, I prescribed these following Pills: ℞ Extracti Rudii, ℈ i pillularum cochiarumʒ ss. misce & f. pill. num. vi. they gave seven stools, and so she was perfectly cured. Some have been helped with the dung of a Peacock (one drachm thereof by weight) macerated in wine, strained, and so given: Many I have cured of a dark vertigo, only by opening a vein, especially the Cephalick; which usually appears very full, when the cause ariseth from blood. Quidam Nobilis periculosâ vertigine laborans hoc Clystere (in mea Schola Physica, Rec. 209. descripto) curatus est. Next follows the Symptoms of the Imagination, and the Ratiocination or rational faculty. CAP. XVII. De Memoriae Laesione. MEmoriae laesio, The hurting of the memory, is a diminution, or utter abolition of the same, arising from causes that hurt the dryness of the brain, conjoined with a moderate heat, (very necessary as to the memory) and so by means rendering the Animal spirits either torpid, that is, over-dull and sluggish; or else (which is as bad) inordinately movable. oblivio quae aetatis ratione accidit, incarabilis est. If the hurting of the memory come on a sudden, and proceed from coldness and moisture, it is an imminent sign either of the Apoplexy, Lethargy, Epilepsy, or Palsy; for it denotes much plenty of phlegm contained in the head. Oblivio à caliditate & siccitate contracta difficilior curatu est, quàm ea quae à frigidite & humiditate contrahitur. The Anacardine confection is exceedingly commended by all for the strengthening of the memory, weakened by coldness and moisture, the dose is, ʒ ss vel. ℈. two. in conserva de staechade: For the same purpose, this mixture following hath been often used with most happy success. ℞ Conservae betonicae, rorismarini, ana ℥ i cons. rosarum rubr. ℥ i ss. Nucis muschatae, dianthos, Macis, ana ℈ i Cinnamomi, ʒ i syrupi betonicae ℥ i Mix them, and take the quantity of a small Walnut at a time. Plura de hoc affectu vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 1. cap. 9 & etiam in meâ Scholâ Physicâ, Rec. 87. CAP. XVIII. De Delirio. DElirium, A Deliry or dotage, is a deprivation of the Fantasy, and the ratiocination, or rational faculty, arising from the bringing and presenting of an absurd and inconvenient Phantasm: Or more briefly, according to Paraeus, it is a perturbation of the fantasy, and function of the mind, not long enduring. An intermitting delirium hath nothing of danger, if it be light and gentle, if the Fever which causeth it decrease, and there follow an evacuation of blood by the nostrils, vel menstruae purgationes vel haemorrhoides prorumpant. Deliries foreshow certain destruction, if they appear in the beginning of a Fever, or hap without signs of concoction; si delirans non videat, si oculi lucem subterfugiant si aeger obmutescat, & vox fiat clangosa. A certain Gentlewoman, aged about twenty four, being not well purged after birth, fell suddenly into a most dangerous Delirium, no other disease preceding: By intervals she was afflicted with an acute Fever, so that a Frenzy was feared; yet through God's blessing, a happy success was wrought by the following prescriptions. ℞ Herbarum malvae, violarum, betarum, lactucae, boraginis, ana, M. two. Hordei mundi, ℥ i Sem cucurbitae, cucumeris, ana, ℥ ss. fiat decoctio in sufficienti quantitate aquae; ad ℥ xi. colaturae, add olei violati, ℥ iii cassiae noviter extractae, diacatholiconis, ana, ℥ i salis communis, ʒ i. Fiat Enema. ℞ Diacatholiconis, electuariilenitiv. ana. ʒ iii syrupi artemisiae ℥ i. rhabarbari, castorei, ana, ℈ ss. aquae betonicae, ℥ iii misce. She had five stools, it was again repeated. The 22 of May there was taken away six ounces of blood very black, and aqueous: For watching and restlessness, there was given this following Syrup. ℞ Syrupi de papavere, ℥ i ss. Syrupi violarum, ℥ ss. Aquae scabiosae, ℥ iii Aquae rosarum, ℥ ss. Olei vitrioli, gut. two. Misce. To the head was applied a Hen new cut thorough; and to the soles of her feet, Radishes beaten with Salt, and besprinkled with rose Vinegar, which was renewed every third or fourth hour, for revulsion: Also Cupping-glasses were applied to the shoulders: On the 25. in the morning, she received this Potion; ℞ Cassiae noviter extractae, cum aqua betonicae, ℥ i Syrupi rosarum sol. ℥ ss. aquarum buglossae, boraginis, violarum, ana, ℥ i misce. Thus in seven days she was happily cured. Domina Moss, Paswicensis, annos nata circiter 60. levi delirio correpta est, etc. sic juvata fuit. ℞ syrupi rosarum, ℥ i Decoctionis communis, ℥ ix. Misce. She took half over night, about ten of the clock, and the other half in the morning, warm; it wrought very well, and did her much good: Next, I prescribed this following Cataplasm, to be applied to the soles of her feet: Take Fetherfew, and Sention, of each a like quantity, two pennyworth of Saffron, and six or seven cloves of Garlic; stamp them together with a little grey salt, and apply them. Thus without any other means, through God's blessing, she was perfectly cured in a very short time. Memini me, aetatis anno duodecimo, levi quodam delirio affectum fuisse; for the removing of which, there was applied to my feet a Pigeon cut open alive; It drew down the vapours, and cured me. Joannes Cussion, è Parochia Sanctae Mariae, periculoso delirio correptus est. He having had two fits; to prevent the coming of the third, I opened a vein, on the 27 day of April, which was his best day, (for he was vexed with a Tertian) and drew away about 14 ounces of blood: Next, I prepared this potion: ℞ Diacatholiconis, ʒ x. Syrupi rosarum sol. ℥ ss. decocti communis, q. s. fiat potio. He took three spoonfuls that night about ten of the clock, and the rest next morning, about six hours before the fit: It gave him twelve stools, and so prevented the delirium, which returned not more. In all bleedings which are made in time of a delirium, you must observe this, that the Orifice be not very large, for than it will quickly heal, and you must must bind it up carefully, jest the Patient being unruly, 'cause it to bleed again; as also it is very good for the sudden cure of it, to lay a Plaster of Aloes, white of an Egg, and the hair of a Hare. If the feet of the Sick man be put into fair water, when it is a little warmed, for three or four hours, it frees him from his delirium, and makes him sleep. CAP. XIX. De Phrenitide. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, A Frenzy, is a perpetual, and continual deliry, or dotage, arising from the inflammation of the membranes, or films of the brain, and afflicting the Patient with a continued Fever. Et dicitur 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, id est, à ment, nam alienatio mentis est. As to the Prognostic; A Frenzy is for the most part deadly: The greatest hope of recovery is, when there is dotage with laughter, a decrease of Symptoms, and continuance of strength; as also when after the height of the Frenzy there happeneth some beneficial evacuation. If a drop of black blood flow from the nostrils, death is to be expected. Phrenitis si vertatur in Lethargum, aut Coma, malum est. A great chillness or cold in the beginning of the Frenzy, foreshow the destruction of the sick: Also an Aphony, the Hicket, trembling of the hand, white excrements, & similia, supra, capite de cerebri inflammatione, enumerata, Phrenitidem lethalem significant. Haec enim omnia bilis translationem à toto corpore in partem affectam denotant. Mr. Denis Pomaret, a skilful Chirurgeon of Monpelier, declares, that a certain Husbandman, by reason of a burning Fever, fell into a Frenzy, and continually raving without sleep, he cried out that he was damned, and that he desired to die: Now he cured him by this policy; he consented, and told him that he would kill him, and divers Horseleeches being fastened upon his forehead, and blood running down from the wounds which they had made; he shown him his Razor, wherewith he told him that he would cut his throat; and ever and anon with the haft of the said Razor he scraped his throat very hard; and in the mean while the Razor is all bloodied with the blood that came from his forehead. Whereupon, showing him the bloody Razor, he told him that he was killed, and presently he covered his face with, linen clotheses, and shut the windows, so that no light could be seen in the Chamber. He supposing himself to be dead, never stirs, and a while after is taken with a deep sleep, and so is freed from his Frenzy. The wise of John Norton, a Husbandman in Porland, by reason of a sharp Fever, cell into a Frenzy; I being sent for, presently opened a vein, and drew away 11 or 12 ounces of blood▪ than I prescribed a cooling clyster; after which I sent her this Pill. ℞ Laudani opiate. gr. iii ss. l●pidis Bezoardici orientalis, gr. i f. pill. It was given in one drachm of the conserve of read Roses; how they prevailed with her to take it, I know not; but having swallowed it, she fell into a sound sleep, and so was quite freed from her Frenzy: But I remember also, the Cataplasm described in the Chapter de Delirio, in curatione Dominae Moss Paswicensis, was applied to the soles of her feet, which might help very much. Great Housleek bruised with woman's milk, and laid to the forehead, appeaseth a Frenzy, and provokes sleep. But as soon as the Patient gins to sleep, you must take it away, jest he fall into a Coma, or sleeping disease. It is good to wash the feet with an actually hot decoction, made of cold things; for it will soften those parts by its hot moisture, and make the humours descend, and its potential coldness will be communicated to all the body, and to the brain especially, by the Nerves, whereby sleep will be procured: It is thus made; Take of Violets, Mallows, Willow-leaves, Vine-leaves, Water-lilies, of each two handfuls: the flowers of water-Lillies, and Roses, of each one handful: Poppy heads ten; make a decoction for the use aforesaid. Zacutus Lusitanus tells us, that he cured a most desperate Frenzy, by applying a Cupping glass to the forepart of the head with scarification; but Mercatus adviseth, that this be not used in Frenzies, that come from other Fevers, but only in that which beginneth of itself. I have sometimes given four or five grains of Laudanum, in a cooling Clyster, with most happy success. Vesicatories applied to the shoulders and arms, are very much commended. Plura de Phrenitide vide, in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 1. cap. 4. CAP. XX. De Melancholia. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Melancholy, is a dotage arising from a Melancholy phantasm, with the which whosoever is affected and detained thereunder, becomes wholly, and only, addicted to thoughtfulness, being, as it were, altogether ingulphed therein, without either fury or Fever, but yet with pensiveness, and fearfulness; Velure si brevius definire velis; Melancholia est delirium sine febre, cum metu & tristitia. Melancholy, which doth seize upon the essence of the brain, and continues long, making the effect, as it were, natural, is altogether incurable: A Melancholy humour which comes by adustion, and inclineth to black choler, contemns the force of Medicines, if weak, and opposeth the strongest; whence a Melancholy humour is said to be the scourge and disgrace of Physicians. Melancholia quae fit vitio totius corporis, difficillimè curatur. Si haereditaria, nulla spes curationis est. A new sprung melancholy coming of immediate causes, is easily cured; sometimes by diet alone, together with the humectation of the whole body, and sometimes of the head in particular. Haemorrhoides, aut varices, supervenientes Melancholicis, curationem interdum afferunt, si humores ad illas partes inferiores criticè à natura detrudantur. If the distemper be with some kind of laughter, & corpus victu augmentum sumat, facilè curatur. Sometimes it is cured by scabs, itch, or other diseases breaking forth of the skin. A certain Gentlewoman, seventeen years of age, miserably afflicted with Melancholy, was thus helped: After the opening of a vein in the least arm, and Leeches applied to the Hemorrhoids, she was purged with an Helleborated apple, in quo pomo una drachma corticum elleb●ri nigri tosta erat. Afterward the Hellebor was cast away, and the apple given. Than were the principal parts strengthened with the following Electuary. ℞ Conservae rosarum vitriolat. boraginis, buglossae, ana, ℥ i conduit. corticum citrinorum, conservae caryophillorum, ana, ℥ ss. Confectionis de hyacintho, ℈ two. specierum de gem. laetific. ana, ℈ two. confectionis Alkerm. ʒ i spec. diamarg. frigidi, ʒ i ss. cum syrupo pomorum fiat Electuarium: The dose was one drachm before meat. For her watching, there was given at bed time a spoonful of Diacedium; This caused rest, and in it she sweated. In Chicken broth there was Tartar often used, by reason of its great force in contemperating melancholy, and atra bilis. And thus, by the blessing of God, she was delivered from her distemper. Great variety of doting ariseth from the various disposition of the Melancholic humour: Hence it is, that some think themselves▪ to be Kings, Princes, Prophets; Others that they are made of Glass, or Potter's Clay; or that they are Barley Corns, ready to be devoured by the Hens: Some think they are melting Wax, and dare not approach the fire: Others, that they are Dogs, Cats, Wolves, Cuckoos, Nightingales, or Cocks, whose voices they imitate: Others fancy themselves dead, and will neither eat nor drink: Others dare not piss, jest they should drown the world by a second deluge Some think they have lost their heads, or some other member; or that they carry the world upon their finger's end; or that they have sparrows in their heads, or serpents, frogs, mice, and other creatures in their bellies. Galen reports, in his third Book, de lec. affect. cap. 7. That he hath often cured a melancholy in the beginning, with only Baths of sweet water. This Clyster following I have sometimes used with good success. ℞ Epithymi, Thymi, florum Staechados, violarum, foliorum Malvae, Mercurialis, ana, m. i Bulliant in sufficienti quantitate aquae, ad lib. 1. colaturae adde Cassiae noviter extractae, ℥ i ss. Olei violati, ℥ iii Sacchari rubri, ℥ i ss. Salis communis, ʒ i vitellum unius ovi; misce, & fiat Clyster. For all Diseases of Melancholy, those Remedies will suffice, which are propounded in the cure of Hypochondriack Melancholy. Plura de Melancholia vide, in meo Enchiridio medico, lib. 1. cap. 10. CAP. XXI. De Mania, seu Insania. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Insania, Madness, is a continual motion of the mind, with an unwonted boldness, or fierceness (yet without a Fever) arising from a fiery heat of the Spirits. Et dicitur vel à morbo Graeco 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, id est, vaticinor; & sic maniaci, vaticinatores appellari possunt: vel à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, id est, à luna; unde lunatici nuncupantur. Young men, and those of a middle age, are most subject unto madness: Gravissimus est affectus, & non solùm per menses, sed per annos aliquando, & usque ad mortem perseverat, praesertim si haereditaria sit. The Bloody Flux, Diarrhoea, Dropsy, Tertian-ague, or Quartan, happening to a madman, cures him. If the Courses and Hemorrhoids flow forth, it is a good sign; as also if there be a plentiful flux of blood by the nostrils. Mania quae cum risu est faciliùs curatur, quàm quae cum studio ac furore: If the Symptoms be gentle, and the distemper turn into a kind of silent desipience, there is good hope of cure. In the year 1649. Robert Harman, of Berestreet, was taken with madness; his fits were so strong, that I was oftentimes forced to bind him in his bed, which he shook with great violence: He was tall, black, and very fierce to behold, especially in the Paroxysm: He often roared out, making such a hideous noise, that the bystanders and neighbours were greatly afraid: One night, whilst he lay bound in his fit, the candle (as I was informed by those that were about him) burned blue by the space of half an hour, and there was heard so strange a deen that the keepers did tremble with fear, not being able to stir from their places. All these things considered, I earnestly besought the Lord that he would please to give the cure into my hands, and to bless such means as I used for his recovery; and that if he were possessed with any unclean spirit, he would lease to rebuke him, and cast him out: Being than but a fresh-watered soldier; First, I opened a vein, and drew away 14 ounces of blood; next, I gave him this potion, which wrought very well. ℞ Diacatholiconis, ℥ i Pulveris sancti, ℈ two. Syrupi ros. sol. ℥ ss. decocti communis, q. s. Misce & fiat potio. Every night, and in every Paroxysm, he was fumed with this Powder, which did not only procure rest, but it did also mitigate the force and violence of the fit; even to admiration, ℞ Sulphuris, Bombardic. pulv. Hyperici, Artemisiae, verbenae, radicis Poeoniae, ana, ℥ i ss. Fiat pulvis, carbonibus injiciendus. I also gave him this Vomit, which proved very successful. ℞ Infusionis stibii, ʒ xv. Syrupi paupaverini, dram; i misce. By this the symptoms were very much abated, and therefore it was often repeated, a little before the fit. I commanded those about him, that they should keep him from strong Beer, Wine, hot Waters, and Flesh; and to boil in his Broth; Lactuca, Endivia, Cichorea, Borrago, & Portulaca. His drink was very small, sometimes mixed with water; and when he was very faint by reason of the Physics operation, I commanded they should give him a little water-pap, or panada without any Spice, and sometimes a roasted Apple, cum paucis guttis aquae cinnamomi. Every night I caused the temples of his head to be bathed, and the inside of his nostrils to be touched with a little of this Unguent. ℞ Unguenti populeonis cum opio, ʒ two. Olei nucis moschatae, gut. iiii. misce. Thus at last (after the taking away 64 ounces of blood, in the space of two months, or ten weeks) he was perfectly cured. There was a certain young man mad, and for his cure the most effectual Remedies were put in practice, so far as to come to the use of Antinomy, the Trepan, and the opening of the Arteries of his temples: And when all did no good, Formius, an experienced Chirurgeon, advised that he should be gelded; which being done, all symptoms were abated, and his fury quite ceased; yet so as that he continued in a melancholy dotage, his madness being changed into melancholy. It is reported, that Melampus the son of Amythaon the Physician, cured the daughter of Praetus King of Greece with Hellebored wine, when by madness they supposed themselves to be Cows. Brassavola tells a story, how he cured one Melatasta, a mad man, that was thought to be possessed, in the Duke of Ferrara's Court, with one purge of black Hellebor; his excrements were like Ink; yet I would have none venture to give it in substance. Paracelsus is the greatest admirer of this plant, and especially in the extract; he calls it Theriacam, terrestre Balsamum, another Treacle, a terrestrial Balm, instar omnium, all in all, the sole and last remedy to cure this Malady: The Dose is ℈ ss. with one ounce of the syrup of Violets. Dominus Theophilus Barnard, Norvicensis, annos natus circiter 25. gravissima mania à plethora procedente laborans, Phlebotomiâ, purgatione, emeticaque infusione praecipuè juvatus est, quam sic praeparo. ℞ Antimonii contusi, ʒ iii Cinnamomi electi, ℈ i Vini albi odoriferi, lb i Fiat infusio: Dosis, quam ordinariè cepit, erat ℥ two. This following fomentation is of wondered virtue; ℞ Herbarum cephalicarum cum floribus, q. s. decoquantur in aqua fontana. Deinde, ℞ baccarum lauri, & rad. hellebori nigri veri, ana, q. s. Beaten them grossly, and sew them into a long bag, and than let it boil in the forementioned decoction. Afterwards, for nine days together, Take two pints of the decoction, and foment the head being shaved with double clothes, for the space of an hour; after apply the bag to the Coronal Suture, binding it about with linen clotheses; let the Patient lie down and rest, if he can: Than will he purge by all the Emunctories of the brain, and also somewhat by stool; so will the filth sticking to his skull, and brain; be wonderfully dissolved, which few other Medicines can perform: This following is held for a secret: ℞ Fol. Melissa, m. i incidantur minutim, & infundantur in spiritus vini ℥ iv. deinde adde margarit. praep. ʒ ss. misc. does. est cochlear. two. CAP. XXII. De Rabie, seu Hydrophobia. Rabbiss, seu Hydrophobia, Raging madness, is a deliry (or doting) produced from some certain peculiar poison bred in any living creature, and communicated unto a man, with a strong and vehement abhorring of all things that are liquid, but more especially water. We cannot so easily eat the danger we are incident to by mad Dogs, as that of other Beasts, by reason he is a domestic creature, and housed under the same roof with us. The virulency that resides in his foam or slaver is hot and dry, malign, venenate and contagious, so that it doth not only hurt, when as it is taken in by a bite, but even applied to the skin, unless it be forthwith washed away with salt water or urine; now malign symptoms hap sooner or later, as in some, about the fortieth day, in others about six months, and in others a year after: If the wound or hurt reacheth not unto any nerve, vein, or artery, and if it be not very deep, there may be some good hope of cure. Such as fall into a fear of the water, never recover, especially if sighing or sobbing follow thereupon. Yet Avicen thinks their cause is not desperate, if as yet they can know their face in a glass; for hence you may gather, that all the animal faculties are not yet overthrown, but that they stand in need of strong Purgations. It is a deadly sign, to tumble themselves on the ground, to have an hoarse voice, for that is an argument that the Weazon is become rough, by reason of too excessive dryness. Finally, the principal parts being possessed, there is no recovery, or life to be hoped for. A certain Lawyer being by chance lightly bit in the lip, by a little dog wherewith he was delighted, not knowing that he was mad, and neglecting the wound by reason of the smallness thereof, after some four months' space, he died mad, having in vain assayed all manner of Medicines. There be some who apply to the wound an Onion beaten with the leaves of Rue, & common Salt. Others presently eat Garlic with bread, and than drink after a draught of good Wine; indeed this is highly applauded, for Garlic by its spiritous heat doth mightily defend the noble parts from poison. Many are the Remedies prescribed by Authors to be applied to the wound; but they are all exceeded by Treacle dissolved in aqua vitae, or strong Wine, and rubbed hard upon the part, (so that the blood may follow) laying upon the wound when you have wiped it, clotheses dipped in the same Medicine; than presently apply Garlic or Onions beaten with common Salt and Turpentine: By this only remedy Paraeus freed one of the daughters of Madamoiselle de Gron from the symptoms of madness, and healed the wound, when as a mad Dog had bit her grievously in the calf of the right leg. The use of Antimony is exceedingly commended by Paraeus, for the cure of such as fear the water, but yet are able to know themselves in a glass: Assuredly such, and so great danger, is never overcome without danger; so that it is a part of extreme madness to hope to vanquish the cruel malignity of this poison, already admitted into the bowels, by gentle purging Medicines. Aetius tells, that there was a certain Philosopher, who taken with this disease, and a fear of water, when as he descended with a great courage unto the Bath, and in the water beholding the shape of the dog that bitten him, he made a stand; but ashamed thereof, he forthwith cried out, Quid cani cum balneo? what hath a dog to do with a Bath? which words being uttered, he threw himself forcibly into the Bath, and fearlessly drank of the water thereof, and so was freed from his disease, together with his erroneous opinion. CAP. XXIII. De Lupina Insania. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 seu Lupina insania, Wolf-madness, is a disease, in which men run barking and howling about graves and fields in the night, lying hid for the most part all day, and will not be persuaded but that they are Wolves, or some such beasts. Donatus ab Altomari saith, they have usually hollow eyes, scabbed legs and thighs, very dry and pale, and that he saw two of them in his time. Wierus tells a story of such a one at Milan, 1541. that would not believe to the contrary, but that he was a Wolf: He hath another instance of a Spaniard, who thought himself a Bear▪ Forestus confirms as much by many examples; one amongst the rest, of which he was an eye-witness, at Alcamer in Holland; a poor Husbandman, that still hunted about graves, and kept in Churchyards, of a pale, black, ugly, and fearful look. This malady, faith Avicenna, troubleth men most in February, and is now adays frequent in Bohemia and Hungary, according to Heurnius. A certain young man, in this City, tall, slender, and black of a wild and strange look, was taken with this kind of malady, for he run barking and howling about the room where he was, and would make to get out; so that its most like, if he had got abroad, he would have haunted some solitary place: I remember I opened a vein, and drew forth a very large quantity of blood, black like Soot; after which, I gave him this Potion. ℞ Epithymi, ʒ two. corticum rad. Hellebori nigri praeparati, ℈ i foliorum senae, ʒ iii seminis foeniculi contusi, ʒ two. decoctionis communis, ℥ viij. Fiat infusio: In qua dissolve Diacatholiconis, ʒ vi. syr. rosarum sol. ℥ i misce. He took four spoonfuls last at night, and all the rest in the morning, warm. It wrought very well, and abated the symptoms: He was often fumed with some of the Powder set down in the Chapter, De Mania in Roberti Harman curatione; Sorrel, Lettuce, Bugloss, and Borage were boiled in his broth: And lastly I gave him this Vomit: ℞ Infusionis stibii, ʒ xiii. syrupi violarum, ʒ two. This wrought upward and downward; after which, he became perfectly well. CAP. XXIV. De Chorea Lasciva. LAsciva chorea, The Lascivious dance, is a malady, arising from a malign humour, with the which whosoever are taken, can do nothing but dance till they be dead, or cured. This disease hath been very common in Germany, as appears by those relations of Sckenkius, and Paracelsus, in his Book of madness, who brags how many several persons he hath cured of it. 'Tis strange to hear how long they will dance, and in what manner, over stools, forms, tables, even great bellied women sometimes (and yet never hurt their children) will dance so long that they can stir neither hand nor foot, but seem to be quite dead. Felix Platerus, de mentis alienatione, cap. 3. reports of a woman in Basil, whom he saw, that danced a whole month together. Such as are taken with this malady cannot abide or endure one in read clotheses: But Music above all things they love, and therefore the Magistrates in Germany will hire Musicians to play to them, and some lusty, sturdy companions, to dance with them. Next follow the Symptoms of more of the Internal senses. CAP. XXV. De Comate Vigili. COma vigil, The waking Coma, is a propension to sleep, and yet withal an utter disability thereunto, arising from Narcotick (or dull, sleepy) vapours, that induce and 'cause a drowsy, and sleepy disposition, and withal trouble and disquiet the mind. Galen placeth this malady as a mean between a Frenzy and a Lethargy, & Typhomaniam appellat. Curatio est difficilis, quia facilè in lethargum, vel phrenitidem mutatur. Si humour tenuis, in comate vigili, è naribus distillet, morbum periculosum indicat. It is no lesle dangerous, if the party's speech be hindered, and while they breathe a murmuring noise be heard in the throat; as also if the sick cannot swallow his drink without much ado. Moreover, it's accounted desperate, if it come of vapours which arise from the malignant humours of a pestilent Fever. Deliria vehementiora in Comate vigili plerumque convulsionem praesagiunt. Filia Domini Dallis●ni, annos nata circiter 13. Comate vigili correpta fuit: She lay with her eyes shut, and did seem to sleep, but could not; when I touched her pulse, she presently opened her eyes, tossed and tumbled about the bed, with an inordinate motion of her hands and thighs; this she did for a short time, and than fell asleep again. After I had left her, concluding it in vain to enterprise the cure, by reason of some deadly symptoms apparent, they sent for one Master Bowls; who being wholly ignorant of this kind of malady, said it was the Scurvy in the joints, and so deluded the Parents for some time, until I signified the contrary: She was was taken on the 24th of March, and died on the 29th. CAP. XXVI. De Lethargo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, A Lethargy, is an insatiable propension to sleep, together with a gentle Fever, forgetfulness, and a dull slothfulness, or laziness; arising from a pituitous kind of blood, putrifying in the hinder nooks and cells of the Brain: Vel si breviùs definire velis, Lethargus est symptom in actione animali principe laesa. Et dicitur 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, id est, oblivione, & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, id est, inertia: ac si diceres, inertem oblivionem. Men sick of a Lethargy die within seven days, if they live longer, they recover. If an impostumation hap behind the ears in a Lethargy, vel materia putrefacta per aures, aut nares, evacuatur, and the symptoms abate, it is a sign of health; as also, if the animal actions be not greatly impaired. Cold sweat about the head, white and thin Urines, and trembling, are sure messengers of great danger. In old men, Lethargies are for the most part deadly. Zacutus Lusitanus being called to visit a sick man, who was for the space of thirty days taken with drousiness, and irresistible sleep, with a small Fever, after many things used in vain, he applied an actual Cautery, with much benefit; for with a read hot iron he scorched the crown of his head, till it was hard and crusty, as also the hinder part, and almost every where about his head; by which means he awaked, and the places burned beginning to matter, he arose and came to himself. The fume or smoke of white Amber is excellent for the awaking of men in sleepy Diseases; as also the oil of it often applied to the temples and nostrils. Plura de Lethargo vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 1. cap. 6. And so much of the Symptoms of the Internal Senses; next follow those of the Animal motion. CAP. XXVII. De Lassitudine. LAssitudo, A Lassitude or Litherness, is a certain unaptness, and unfitness (together with a certain kind of pain) unto the exercise of the animal motion, which aught to have been performed freely, and in a natural way. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Lassitudines spontaneae morbos praesagiunt. For they show humours to abound in the body, either in quality or quantity, or in both hurtful. Post febrem lassitudo totius corporis perseverans recidivam significa. The Cure is accomplished by the removing of the causes, and likewise by the cherishing and comforting of the Muscles. Some are cured by venesection, or blood-letting. Others, by frictions, or rubbings with sweet Oil, and by baths of sweet Water. Lassitudes, for the most part, arise from a Scorbutic humour, and than the cure is more easy. CAP. XXVIII. De Inquietudine. INquietudo, Restlessness, or unquietness, is a frequent various shaking to and from of the whole body, and the several members thereof, arising from matter molesting and disquieting those parts that are capable of suffering. Periculosa est inquietudo, quae ortum habet à malignitate & acrimoniâ materiae febrem excitantis; or from an internal Inflammation, or weakness of the natural strength and powers of the body, which is soon overcome by the malady. A certain Gentleman, being exceeding restless, in a malignant Fever, having a looseness, was cured by the following prescription: ℞ Laudani opiate, gr. three Lapidis bezoardici orientalis, gr. two. f pill. I gave it him in a little conserve of read Roses. It procured rest, stayed the Flux, and removed the saintness; insomuch that within a very few days he was able to come to my house: An infinite company of people were cured, the last year, of Malignant distempers, chief by the use of that Pill. Vide etiam meam scholam, Physicam, Med. 120, 153, 245, 154, & 155. CAP. XXIX. De Rigore. Rigour, The unnatural vehement stiffness, is a vibration, shaking, and quavering of the Muscles of the whole body, conjoined with refrigeration, and a certain pain, arising from something that doth molest, by a sudden, and unlooked for vellication, and pulling of the sensible parts, throughout the whole circumference of the body, and likewise by irritating, and stirring up, the expulsive faculty. The Symptomatical Rigour (if it cease not upon the use of an evacuation) is very evil and dangerous; and so likewise if it be attended and accompanied with a consumption and wasting of the whole body. It is an evil sign if upon the appearing of a periodical Rigour, the body waxeth not hot, Quod naturam & calorem languidum significat: Many are the Prognostics touching this Malady, ad doctrinam verò de febribus pertinent. Juvenis quidam pituitoso, ac melancholico temperamento affectus, Rigore vexatus est; for the removing of which, I prescribed these following Pills. ℞ Extracti Rudiiʒ ss. resinae benedict. gr. v. misce & f. pill. num. 6. He took one last at night about ten of the clock, and the rest in the morning, about seven: They gave eight stools; after which, the Rigour was very much abated; therefore the Pills were again repeated, and so he was perfectly cured. Some have been helped by bathing the back, (à quo Rigor ixcipit plerumque) cum oleo rataceo, laurino, de castoreo, & juniperino. Others have been freed with Treacle and Mithridate, given in decoctione centaurii, & car dui benedicti. Novi juvenem qui Rigore laborans sic curatus fuit; bibitione unius cheophinae vini Hispanensis. CAP. XXX. De Tremore. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Tremor, Trembling is a depravation of the voluntary motion, (by reason of the which the member elevated and lift up cannot be kept in its own proper situation) arising from the debility and weakness of the faculty of motion. As for the Prognostic: Trembling of itself is not dangerous; but if it be in old people it continueth with them till they die, ob spirituum & cerebri magnam imbecillitatem. Per accidens tamen lethalis esse potest, in as much as it usually goes before a Lethargy, an Apoplexy, Palsy, or Convulsion. For those Remedies that are taken inwardly, these following are chief commended; viz. The Essence of Balm, and Staechas of Arabia; among the medicaments that are to be externally administered, these are highly approved of, to wit, the oil of the flowers of Trifoyl, or the three-leafed grass; Ol. Vulpinum, or the oil of a Fox, the oil of Castor, and Pepper. Vide etiam infra, capite de Paralysi. CAP. XXXI. De Paralysi, seu resolutione nervorum. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, The Palsy, is a spontaneous and voluntary abolition of motion in the parts, (without any the lest hurt of the Reason) arising from a defect and want of the animal spirits, through some fault and error in the Nerves. There are many kinds of Palsies; for either it is in all the parts of the body below the Head, and than it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; or else it possesseth only one side of the body, and than it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; or it possesseth but one part of the body, and than it is called a particular Palsy. Paralysis inveterata, videlieet post annum, incurabilis est. An Atrophy or want of nourishment in the Paralytic part, with great paleness, takes away all hope of cure; for it doth not only signify spiritus animalis defectum, but also a near extinction of natural heat: A strong Fever coming upon a Palsy is good: materiam enim morbificam absumere potest. If the part affected hath an actual heat in it, there is hope of health; but if it be always actually cold, it is difficult to be cured: If the eye on that side the Palsy is be hurt, exigua spes curationis est: ponuriam enim spirituum in ea corporis parte significat. In aged people the Palsy is exceeding difficult, and hard to be cured, ob caloris nativi inopiam. Si ex nervi grandioris aut spinalis medullae incisione accidit, nulla spes curationis est, because there is no hope of a coalition, or closing together again of the incision. A trembling coming upon, or after a Palsy, is healthful, for it signifieth that the passages of the Nerves are somewhat open, by which some of the Animal spirit beginneth to pass, for to move the muscles. Augustine Aldrid, fifty years old, taken with the Palsy, was thus helped: After frictions on both sides, I prescribed the following Pills: ℞ Pillularum cochiarum, ʒ. ss. Extracti Rudii, ℈ i spir. succini gut. three misc & f. pill. num. 6. But because he could not swallow them, they were dissolved in three ounces of Sage-water, and so given, they gave seven stools: ℞ spir. rorismarini, olei succini, ana, parts aequales, misce; with which his neck was gently anointed: Every morning sneezing was procured by the help of a little of this powder. ℞ Pulveris sternutatorii (descripti in meo Enchiridio Medico, p. 6.) ℈. ss. Pulveris castorei, gr. three misce. He snuffed up about a grain and half at a time; this did him much good: I also commanded him to wash his hands often in the decoction of Sage: But that which finished the cure was this: ℞ Staechadis, ℥ two. Liquiritiae, ℥ two. Herbarum salviae, betonicae, rorismarini, hyssopi, ana, m. i aquae fontis, quantum sufficit. Fiat decoctio, dosis ℥ vi. evening and morning; moreover, Sage, Betonie, Rosemary, and Staechas, were put into his vessel of drink which he used at meals; and every other night he took one drachm of Mithridate, in the foresaid decoction: With these Remedies (through God's blessing) he in a very short time recovered his health. Much after this manner, I remember, I cured one Fit of Lakenham, a man fourscore years old, of a Hemiplegia; and Camplin of a Palsy of the tongue; only the last had, moreover, a Vesicatory applied behind on his neck; & quia pauper erat, imperabam ut linguam succo salviae cum sinapi saepe confricaret. Excellentissima est Decoctio, qua multi à Paralysi curati fuerunt, descripta in meâ Scholâ Physicâ, Med. 118. Vide etiam Med. 29. & 124. CAP. XXXII. De Spasmo, seu Convulsione. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 seu Convulsio, A Spasm, or Convulsion, is an involuntary, perpetual, and painful retraction (or drawing back) of the Muscles towards the place of their original, and first beginning, arising from the abbreviation and shortening of the nervous (or sinewy) parts, which is evermore attended and followed with a Rigour or extreme stiffness, and a depravation of the figure, shape, and symmetry of the foresaid parts. Spasmus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, à trahendo dicitur, deducto nomine ab ipso. symptomate. A Convulsion coming of too much bleeding, or purging, especially with Hellebor, is deadly. Lethalis etiam est, si Convulsio post phrenitidem exoritur: Aetius affirmeth, that he never heard of, or saw, any so taken, that recovered. It is better that a Fever follow a Convulsion, than a Convulsion a Fever; febris enim convulsioni supervenions illius causam absumit: But a Convulsion coming upon a Fever shows a malignant matter, quae periculum minatur. Convulsio ex vulnere, cerebri praesertim, lethalis est; by reason of a filthy, stinking, and corrupt matter, vellicating, and pulling the nerves: If those parts only are surprised and seized that are remote from the brain, there is good hope of cure. Convulsio à siccitate confirmata lethalis est. A certain young man had a Convulsion, so that he told not bend his backbone. By the help of this following Medicament, he could presently walk nimbly. ℞ Butyri rancid. & lardi veteris, ana, ℥ iv. Bdellii, ammoniaci, ana, ℥ i Myrrhae, castorei, ana, ʒ iii Flor. staechad. anthos, ana, p. i nucis moschatae & garyophyl. ana, ʒ i catum parvum exenteratum, excoriatum, & in frusta concisum. Stop the belly of a Goose with these things, sew it up, and roast it on a spit; and the first liquor that drops, cast away, the next save in a dripping-pan, half full of Vinegar, to anoint the cramped, or convulsed back: Remedium est divinum. A certain Gentlewoman grievously afflicted with the contraction of the Leg, was helped by the use of the following Unguent: ℞ Olei Chamomelini, lumbricorum, castorei, ana, ℥ i pinguedinis gallinae, anseris. ana, ℥. ss. unguenti dialthaeae, ℥ two. succ. è fol. cochlear. becabung. nastur. aquat. ana, ℥ i cerae, q. s. Fiat unguentum. This proved excellent, for in three days space he was able to walk with a staff. Another woman, suddenly taken with a Convulsion of the face and eyes, with loss of speech, was helped by this following mixture. ℞ Castorei, ʒ i succi rutae cochlearium, aquae salviae, ℥ two. syrupi artemisiae, ℥ i misce. She was constrained to take it, within the space of few minutes, she both spoke, and stood up. A lusty girl, four years old, taken with Convulsion fits, I thus helped: ℞ Castorei contusi, ℈. ss. rhabarbari electi, ʒ. ss. foeniculi dulc. ℈ i decocti communis, ℥ i ss. Fiat infusio: In qua dissolve syrupi de rhabarbaro, ℥. ss. She took half at night about ten, and the rest in the morning about 7. It gave five or six stools; the night following she had this: ℞ Lapidis Bezoardici orientalis, gr. two. aquae cerasorum nigrorum dulcium cochlearium; misce. She slept very well all night, and the fits returned no more. A Lad, ten years old, taken with a most dreadful Epileptic Convulsion, was helped chief by the use of these following prescriptions: ℞ Diacarthami, ℥ ss. syrupi rosarum sol. ℥ i aquae betonicae, ℥ ss. misce. This was given him about the evening, because in the morning he had his fits; he was well purged in the night: Afterwards there was given to him Ol. succini, & spirit. vitxioli, ana, gut. v. in aqua betonicae: After this his fits were more light, although somewhat more frequent: Lastly, there was given him this Potion: ℞ Aquarum theriac. Bauderon. Cardui benedicti, Scordii, ana, ℥ i Salis Cardui benedicti ℈ i. Confectionis Alkerm. ʒ i misce, & fiat potio: By help whereof all Convulsions were taken away. Next follow those symptoms that hurt the Internal senses, the Reason and Motion, together with the External senses. CAP. XXXIII. De Incubo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Incubus, The Nightmare or Hag, is an interception of the motion, especially that of breathing, and the voice, with a false and erroneous dream of some heavy and weighty thing lying upon the breast, and thereby causing a suffocation (as it were) and choking of the party, by means of the impeding and hindering the free penetration; of the spirit (the passages being obstructed and stopped) unto the Nerves. Vel si brevius definire velis, Ephialtes est symptom facultatis animalis, quo thoracis motus impeditur, sensus hebescit, & phantasia depravatur. Et 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nuncupatur, quod invadere & premere significat. If this affect chance to be of long continuance, and frequent, it doth threaten an Apoplexy, or Falling sickness, (especially if it hap unto the party while he is half asleep, and half awake) as also madness, saepius melancholiam hypocondriacam, vertiginem, paralysim, spasmum, nervorum distentionem aut subitam mortem. If after the Patient awake, panting of the heart, and cold sweeting do hap, it is an ill sign; as also, if a Convulsion or a Syncope do follow. The cure is doubtful, if after the awakening, the sick person remaineth stupid and blockish: He that useth a slender diet, and accustometh himself to lie on his side, is seldom troubled with the Nightmare. Theriaca in aqua Poeoniae exhibita contra incucubum commendatur. CAP. XXXIV. De Catalepsi, seu Catoche. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 seu Congelatio, A Congelation, is a sudden surprisal of all the senses, the motion, and the mind, with the which those that are seized upon, and invaded, remain and abide stiff, in the very same state and posture in which they they were taken and surprised, with their eyes open and immovable, Catalepsis sic dicta est 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, quòd aeger eodem statu permaneat, quo prehenditur. They that are taken with this malady are in great hazard of life; wherefore present remedy must be sought for: If it be a strong Catalepsis, it will hardly or never be cured. Congelatio levis sanatur, & praesertim in puero, & in juvene. In seen vero semper habet difficultatem. Galen mentioneth a story of a school-fellow of his, who when he had wearied himself with long study, fell into a Catalepsis or Congelation; he lay (saith he) like a log all along, not to be bend, stiff, and stretched out, and seemed to behold us with his eyes, but spoke not a word: And he said, that he heard us what we said at that time, although not evidently and plainly, and told us some things that he remembered, and said, all that stood by him were seen of him, and could remember and declare some of their gestures at that time, but could not than speak, or move one part of his body. Cardanus reports of eight Mowers, which supping under an Oak were struck with thunder, so as they kept the same shape of body, the one seeming to eat, the other to lay hold of the pot, another to drink, when they were all dead. Fernelius relates two stories, which are these; one while he being very studious and writing was so suddenly struck with a Congelation, that sitting and holding his pen, with his eyes open, and looking upon his Book, you would have thought he had been hard at study, till he was by calling, and jogging, found to want all sense and motion. Another I saw like a dead man, lying along, with neither seeing, hearing, nor feeling when he was pinched; but he breathed freely, and whatsoever was put into his mouth he presently swallowed; if he were taken out of his bed, he did stand alone, but being thrust he would fall down; and which way soever his arm, hand, or leg was set, there it stood fixed, and firm; you would have taken him for a Ghost, or some rare Statue. A certain noble woman, taken with a continual Fever, called Synochus, had in the nineteenth day a Congelation, which was cured by a large flux of blood from her Nose. Plura de Catalepsi, seu Catoche, vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 1. cap. 12. CAP. XXXV. De Epilepsia. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, The Epilepsy, is a Cessation of the animal and principal actions, together with a convulsive motion of the whole body, arising from a sharp matter, which by a peculiar and proper power and quality it hath, that is hurtful and prejudicial to the b●ain, vellicating and pulling the Nerves where they begin, straightening, and as it were binding them fast together, and irritating them unto expulsion. Vel si brevius definire velis: Epilepsia est convulsio omnium corporis partium non perpetua, cum mentis ac sensuum laesione. It is likewise called the Puerile, or childish disease, the Herculean, the Comitial disease, (or the Falling-sickness) the Lunatic, Divine, Sontick, or noisome and hurtful, and lastly, Caducus, or the Falling evil. As to the Prognostic; An Epilepsy is a malady of long continuance, and very stubborn and deadly in Infants, especially if it grievously afflict them. An Epilepsy à melancholico humore oriunda, turns sometimes into madness, when the humour is sent from the ventricles of the Brain, into the substance thereof. Quo magis aeger ab ore spumat, eo morbus difficilior, & periculosior. If upon the use of Sternutatories the sick party cannot be made to sneez, whilst he is in a most grievous Paroxysm, it's a thousand to one but he dies in that fit. Epilepsia haereditaria incurabilis est; but that which comes from external causes, and evil diet, is curable: as also, that which happeneth by consent of some inferior part. A strong Epilepsy often killeth the Patient in the Fit, vel in apoplexiam degenerate. Si mulier praegnans morbo Comitiali corriptur, per foetus emissionem liberatur. But the child of such a woman, for the most part, dies of an Epilepsy: A quartan Ague coming upon an Epilepsy, and continuing long cureth it, by reason the matter of the disease is by degrees consumed by the heat of the Fever, if it be of phlegm. A certain Gentlewoman long labouring of a Scorbutic Epilepsy, was thus helped: ℞ Pillularum cochiarum, foetidarum, aelephanginae, ana, ℈ i Agarici Troch. ℈. ss. Castorei, gr. vi. cum syrupo de staechade, q. s. f. pill. num. 7. She took three of them at night at going to bed, and four in the morning: Next, the following sneezing powder was used. ℞ Nucis moschatae, rad. poeoniae, ana, ʒ. ss. Hellebori nigri, ℈. ss. pyrethri, piperis albi, ana, ℈. ss. Misce, & fiat pulvis, a small portion of which was blown into the nostrils: Whilst the time of the fits (which commonly lasted ten hours) was expected, there was given every morning, ʒ two. of this Opiate. ℞ Conservae betonicae, specierum dianthos, ana, ℥ i conservae cochleariae, ℥ i ss. Mithridatii antiqui, theriacae venetae, ana, ʒ i visci quercini, cornu cervini, sem. paeoniae, cranii humani pulveriz. ana, ℈ iv. misce. It is to be taken of itself, or with Betony water, to which is added, Oil of Vitriol; by these she was fully delivered from her fits for many years. Another Gentlewoman was vexed many years with an hysterical Epilepsy; she tried many remedies, prescribed by many Physicians, but all in vain. At last, by the advice of a woman, she took the flesh of a Wolf reduced to powder, and wore a piece of the said flesh salted always about her; after which, she was perfectly freed from the aforesaid disease. A certain Gentleman, twenty years of age, troubled with the Falling-sickness, by consent from the stomach; as also with a depravation of both sense and motion of the ring and middle fingers of the right hand, was helped chief by the following prescriptions: ℞ Pilularum foetidarum, ℈ two. pill. sine quibusʒ i castorei, ʒ i. aq. borag. q. s. f. pill. num. 10. These exhibited on the fifth of June, gave five large stools; at the conclusion of its working, the sense and motion of the fingers returned. Next, at bed-ime was given, pill. succin. num. iii The day following, being the seventh, he had three stools: In the very instant of the fit the following Fume was used: ℞ Mummiae, benzoin. picis nigr. ana, ℈ i misce cum succo rutae, f. suffit. The eight day the following was prescribed, ℞ Castorei, assae foetidae, ana, ʒ. ss. rad. poeoniae, subtilis. pulv. ʒ. i. aromat. rosat. ʒ. two. misce cum syrupo de mentha, f. pill num. 7. He took one of them, although very large, when he entered his bed. Every morning before the use of an Opiate, prepared against Melancholy, this sneezing powder was used: ℞ Rad. poeoniae, pyrethri, ana, ʒ. two. Hellebori nigri, ℈. ss. f. pulvis subtilissimus: By these means he was cured in a very short time. Forestus seni Epilepsia laboranti tria corticis Hellebori nigri praeparati grana in una pilularum dosi foelici successu dedit, sicuti observare potes in lib. x. De morbis cerebri, observe. 54. De Epileptico sexagenario. Dominus Crask, Norvicensis, adhuc adolescens gravissima laborabat Epilepsia, sed observatione hujus sequentis methodi à paroxysmo per multos annos fuit immunis. ℞ Corallii rubri, sem. poeoniae maris, excort. ana, ʒ. ss. pulveris cranii humani, ʒ i misce & fiat pulvis. Of this take as much as will lie on a threepenny piece, twice in a week, or oftener, if he be sensible of the lest distemper, in a little black Cherry-water. Sometimes he purged gently with one Pill of Cochiae Mesuae, which usually gave him two or three stools; he also wore continually about him a piece of the hoof of an Elk, which indeed is famous for its specifical virtue against the Falling-sickness. Moreover, he hath had an Issue on his left arm these many years, which without doubt doth help very much to preserve him from the Epilepsy. Praeterea Excellentissimum invenies remedium contra Epilepsiam, in mea schola Physica, Med. 212. quo multi ab ea curati fuerunt. A Girl, ten years of age, of a Phlegmatic constitution, was troubled five or six months with the Falling-sickness, and also a privation of motion and sense in her right arm: Within twenty days she was perfectly cured, chief by the use of this following Opiate. ℞ Radic. poeoniae maris, stoechad, costi, ana, ʒ x. Agaraci, ℥ v. pyrethri, sem. anisi, assae foetidae, & aristolochiae rotundae, ana, ʒ two. ss. succi scyllae, & mellis electi, ana, lb i ℥ two. Coquantur simul scylla & mellento igne, usque ad bonam consistentiam, deinde superadditis speciebus, fiat Electuarium: The dose was, two drachms every morning, two hours before meat. Multos curavi infantes ab Epilepsia solo usu hujus armillae, & ecligmatis descripti in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 1. cap. 5. p 9 A little child, six months old, afflicted with the Falling sickness by consent, was thus freed; in the fit there was applied, with a sponge, to the nostrils the juice of Rue mixed with white Wine Vinegar; by the use of which it was presently recovered; and falling into the fit again, it was removed in the same manner: To the Region of the heart was applied the following: ℞ Theriacae venetae, ʒ two. radic. poeoniae pulveriz. ʒ. ss. misce. The hair was powdered cum pulvere rad. poeoniae, collectae luna decrescente; and thus the child was delivered from all its fits. A Boy, three years old, had a fit of the Falling-sickness, from which he was freed with the smoke of Tobacco; which a servant drew out of a Pipe, and blew into the open mouth of the boy; the boy fell a vomiting, and the fit ceased. Robert Woodwork was exceedingly troubled with the Epilepsy even from his infancy, and being by chance at a neighbour's house, he fell into a fit, and vomited there; a little dog being in the room licked up the vomit, fell mad, and died; and the young man never had a fit since: A thing wondrous strange, it being five or six years since this happened. Forestus, libro decimo de cerebri morbis, observ. 60. pag. 392. Excellentissimum contra Epilepsiam habet Electuarium, in quo, duas pulveris hirundinis in furno exsiccati drachmas praescribit. Pulvis etiam in capite de mania descriptus, contra morbum comitialem maximè potens est. A maid, that had the Falling sickness, was cured by the use of Oxycratum, a draught whereof she took every morning, and before the fit she drank pure Vinegar: The disease being cured, she was taken with pains of her limbs, which were cured by the use of hot Baths. CAP. XXXVI. De Caro. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is a deep, and profound sleep, with the hurt of the sense, and motion (the breathing only excepted) and likewise the imagination, arising from the impeded motion of the Animal Spirits. Et dicitur 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quòd caput in eo gravetur, pars enim anterior cerebri potissimum in caro afficitur. Ab Arabibus subeth nucupatur. Carus in declinatione febrium continuarum proveniens, si vires sint debiles, lethalis est. It is evil, if it befall the party after some great evacuation, or if in it the breathing be hurt; the cure is exceeding doubtful, Si cum capitis gravitate carus conjungitur; because that a humour not over gross and thick, penetrating into the substance of the Nerves, and extending them, immediately a Convulsion follows. Peter Whitebread, a Baker, I remember, was taken with a most grievous Caros, insomuch that when I pricked the sole of his foot with a Needle, he stirred not in the lest, neither did he taste the bitterness of this Potion which I gave him: ℞ Extracti Rudii (quia melancholico temperamento affectus erat) ℈ i pillularum cochiarum, ʒ i Resinae benedict. gr. three Aquae betonicae, ℥ two. misce. It gave him nine or ten stools; after which, he came to himself, and was able to sit up; yet for fear of a Relapse, I prescribed him Clysters, gave him more Pills to take, one at a time, every second or third day: Also Sneezing powder with Castoreum was not omitted, and sometimes a draught of Mithridate was given him last at night in Posset ale, wherein the flowers of Rosemary and Betony had been boiled: Thus at length he was perfectly cured, and is at this day in very good health. A certain man taken with a profound sleep, having a cold and moist brain, abounding with phlegm; after Oxymel sciliticum, & syrup. de stoechade, given to prepare the humour, he took the following Pills, with most happy success; ℞ Pilul. cochiar. ℈ two. ss. Castorei, ℈ ss. cum syrupo de stachade, fiant pillulae: Next. ʒ i. of Treacle was given; after which he awoke, and returned to his own mind. The daughter of a certain Goldsmith, four years old, was taken with this sleepy evil, for the removing of which, there was given her of the juice of Onions, and ordinary Oil, of each one spoonful mixed together, wherewith she vomited, and was presently cured. CAP. XXXVII. De Apoplexia. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The Apoplexy, is a sudden abolition of all the Animal functions, the breathing alone remaining, (and this likewise now and than exceedingly afflicted) arising from the straightness and shutting up of the passages, (especially about the Basis of the brain) by the which the Animal spirits are derived unto the members; vel si brevius definire velis; Apoplexia est totius corporis sensus & motus privatio. Et 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, à percutiendo, nomen habet: quòd qui laborant, veluti de coelo percussi videantur. Men in Apoplexies die▪ in seven days, as Hypocrates teacheth, except a Fever take them. Illa autem febris acuta esse debet, and essentially springing from the inflammation of the humours and spirits, or else it will not discuss the matter which causeth the Apoplexy. It must also come in the beginning of the disease, whiles nature is in some strength, otherwise it is deadly, as Hypocrates in Coacis showeth. Apoplexia urina rubea mortem significat. Apoplexia vel citò interficit, vel in paralysi, aut memoriae laesione desinit. A faint sweat in an Apoplexy is eull, magnam enim naturae oppressionem denotat. Dominus Crask, Norvicensis, annos circiter 20. natus, levi Apoplexia correptus, sequentibus remediis praecipuè sublevatus fuit. In the Paroxysm I caused a little sneezing powder, cum pulvere castorei, to be blown into his nostrils; after which was given him two spoonfuls of the infusion of Castoreum, in aqua Epileptica: The fit going of, I prescribed the following Clyster. ℞ Centaurei, salviae, ana, M. ss. Flor, betonicae, rorismarini, ana, p. i Radic. poeoniae incisae, ℥ i Staechados, m. ss. coquantur in ss. q. seri lactis cerevisiati, ad lib. i colaturae adde mellis, ℥ i ss. Diaphoeniconis, ℥. ss. Butyri quantit. ovi, salis communis, ʒ i ss. fiat Enema: It wrought very well, and did him much good, and therefore it was often repeated; his usual drink between meals, and at bed time, was the Decoction described in mea scholâ physicâ, Med. 194. sic administravi, & Deus curavit. Quidam nobilis levi Apoplexia laborans hoc Clystere, in meâ Scholâ Physicâ, Med. 208. descripto, curatus est. In the next place, follow the Symptoms of the excrements of the Head. CAP. XXXVIII▪ De Catarrho. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, A Catarrh, is nothing else but a defluxion or flowing down of some excrementitious humour (generated by reason of the concoction of the Brain its being hurt) from the head, upon the parts that are situate underneath it, proceeding from a distemper therein; or else from an over-abundant repletion, irritating and stirring up the expulsive faculty. Vel si brevius definire velis: Catarrhus est humoris excrementitii è capite in subjectas parts, praeternaturalis effluxus. The Prognostic of this affect, is elegantly laid down by Cornelius Celsus in these words: Si ex capite in nares destillat humour, leve est malum; si in fauces, pejus; si verò in pulmonem, pessimum est: For the Lungs are in danger of being ulcereted, from whence cometh a Consumption. Hypocrates saith, That a Catarrh is very hard to be concocted in those that are old: In such as are young if the Catarrh be more frequent than ordinary, and withal more grievous, the cure is the more difficult; as also if it rush down with a kind of impetuousness and violence; for it may 'cause suffocation, or some other grievous accident. A Catarrh accompanied with a continual pain of the head, is hardly to be cured. In the year 1510. there happened a famous Catarrh, with difficuly of breathing, which went almost over all the world, and raged over all the Cities and Towns of France, with great heaviness of the head whereupon the French named it Cuculla) with straightness of the heart and lungs, and a Cough, a continual Fever, and sometimes raving. A certain Gentlewoman, twenty five years old, was grievously troubled with a thin, sharp Rheum, which fell down upon her breast, with a dry, and almost continual cough, leanness, and a slow Fever. On the 15. day of May, in the year 1629. she took a purging potion, Ex senna, rhabarbaro. manna, & syrupo rosaceo, cum decocto pectorali. The next day she was let blood; after which she used pectoral and cooling broths for twelve days together, purging between times with the infusion of half an ounce of Senna: Mean while she took every night one spoonful of a syrup, to stay her Rheum and Cough, which was compounded ex syrupo violaceo, jujubino, de rosis siccis, & de papavere, of each a like quantity: With these Remedies at last she grew perfectly well. Domina Sugget, Norvicensis, aetatis 38. annorum, gravissimo Catarrho correpta, juvata & curata fuit eo solo sequenti remedio. ℞ Calomelanos, gr. xx. Resinae benedict. gr. viij. Conservae rosarum rubrarum, ʒ i misce. à quo remedio septies purgata est, & à fluxione omninò liberata, ità ut aliis remediis opus non fuerit. Nothing does more stop a Catarrh or flux of Rheum, than this following Cataplasm of Rulandus: ℞ Fermenti acrioris, ℥ two. carabes pulverizat. ʒ two. fiat Cataplasma, and apply it to the crown of the head, after the hair is first shaved away. Riverius cured himself of a Catarrh, to which he was most subject, with twice taking Laud. opiate. the first time three grains, the next time two. Vide etiam Centur. 3. observ. 15. & 44. In the 24. Observation of the same Century, He tells us, that he cured himself of a most grievous Catarrh, by taking twenty grains of Calomelanos, (qui est Mercur. dull. sexies praeparatus) cum decem jalappae granis; with which remedy he voided, by stool, much phlegmatic and choleric matter, per os autem multam pituitam ejecit, by coughing and spitting, which evacuation continuing two days, the Catarrh ceased, and his cough which accompanied it went quite away, sicque à gravi illo morbo (Dei beneficio) liberatus fuit. These following Tros●hisques are much commended by Soleander: ℞ Thuris masculi, succi liquiritioe, ana, ʒ i Opii, croci, myrrhae, ana, ℈ i cum syrupo papav. forma trochiscos, vel pilulas, to be taken, now and than, two scruples, or half a drachm at a time. Benedictus Faventinus, useth the following pills in a salt Catarrh, with good success. ℞ Succi glycyrrhizae, ʒ two. aloes lotae, ʒ i. pillul. de cynoglosso, ʒ ss. cum syrupo violac. Fiat massae pilularum, de qua capiat, ℈ i horâ somni. And thus much shall suffice to have been spoken touching the Symptoms of the brain: We shall now proceed to treat of the diseases of the Eyes; and first of the Affects of the Eyelids. CAP. XXXIX. De Trachomate, seu palpebrarum asperitudine. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is an inequality and roughness of the internal part of the eyelids, with redness, itching, and an hard ruggedness, as if the Seeds of Millet were in them, arising from an adust humour, that is salt, sharp, and biting. If the Malady grow further, and there appear clefts, and little parts standing forth, not unlike the seeds of Figs, it is called Sycosis. And when the disease waxeth old, and the Eyelid becometh as hard as brawn, it is called Tylosis. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in primo gradu curationem suscipit; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rarò; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rarò aut nunquam, & maxima cum difficultate. After emollient things used to qualify the acrimony of the peccant humour, Aloes dissolved in Rosewater, and Myrrh dissolved in a woman's breast Milk, is very much commended to cleanse. Some cure this Malady, by rubbing the eyelid, inverted and turned the inside outward, with Sugar Candy, even until the blood follow. CAP. XL. De Psorophthalmia, seu Pruriginosâ Scabiosaque Lippitudine. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is, when the eyelids are read, and salt biting tears issue from them, the corners of the eyes having ulceration and redness, with much fretting and itching. This is cured (universal and general Remedies, being first premised) by a Lineament of Roses, and adding thereto a very little of Tutty prepared. This Collyrium is much commended, ℞ Aquae rosarum, plantaginis, ana, ℥ two. in which boil with a soft fire, Aloes Hepaticae, ʒ. ss. copperass, ℈ two. of Sugar Candy, ʒ i This Eyesalve removeth the itching, consumeth and drieth the sharp phlegm, and giveth strength to the Eye. In this Affect I have often used these following Pills, with most admirable success. ℞ Pillularum cochiarum, ʒ ss. Extracti Rudii, ℈ i calomelanos, gr. seven. Resinae jalappae, gr. three misce, & f. pill. num. seven. CAP. XLI. De Emphysemate, seu palpebrarum inflatione. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a puffing up of the uppermost Eyelid, losing his natural colour, without pain, yet with heaviness and hard moving, arising from External and Internal causes. If this Malady hap by the touch of a Spider, or the stinging of a Wasp, it is taken away by the application of Treacle, and juice of Plantain mixed together. If by the stinging of a Bee, than a Be bruised, and imposed upon the place, performeth the cure. If it proceedeth from a hot humour, the Ophthalmick of Rhasis, hath its place, and is of singular use. If from a waterish and wheyish humour, the following is excellent. ℞ Rosarum rubrarum, p. i flor. anthos, p. ss. chamomillae, meliloti, hysopis, absynthii, pulegii, origani, ana, m. ss. Seethe them in equal portions of Wine and Water, and apply it with a sponge: Also many have been cured by the use of Unguentum Comitissae, and Desiccativum rubrum, mingled together. CAP. XLII. De Palpebrarum inviscatione 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu palpebrarum inviscatio, is, when either the eyelids grow together one to the other, or else with the white, or the horny, or both those tunicles of the Eye. It is not to be cured without much difficulty, if the Eyelid wholly grow together; but seldom or never si cum cornea simul concrevit: It is more easily cured, if it stick only unto the eye in the extremity thereof; and if it be only (as it were) agglutinated, or glued together unto the Adnata tunicle. CAP. XLIII. De Ectropio, seu palpebrarum inversione. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is, when the lower eyelid turneth the inside out, and draweth so much back, that it covereth not the white of the eye, nor is joined to the other eyelid which is above. There is required in this, and the former Malady, rather the hand of the Chirurgeon, than Medicines. CAP. XLIV. De Lagopththalmia, seu Leporinâ palpebrâ. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is, when the higher eyelid is so drawn back, that in shutting the eye the whole is not, nor cannot be, covered wholly, but in sleep it is open, as we see Hares do sleep. Unguentum Basilicum, made of Wax, Rosin, Black-pitch, and the suet of an Ox, is much commended for the curing of this Malady; as are also the Mucilages of Quince, Fenugreek, and Lin-seed, if the lid be not too short; otherwise it is impossible to cure it by any kind of means: As touching manual operation, Vide Paraeum, lib. 10. c. 23. CAP. XLV. De Hydati. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Aquula, is an increase of the unctuous substance in the upper eyelid, pouring forth (continually) a humour, especially in the morning betimes, before the light appear. Those children (saith Albucrasis) which have this malady lie sleeping always upon their face, and at the dawning of the day are greatly tormented with that abundance of humours which hath been gathered in the night; they are not able to behold the Sun, but their eye trembleth, and sheddeth tears. If this disease be but newly begun, it may be easily helped cum jejuniâ saliuâ: But if it be of long continuance, and included in its proper membrane, it requireth the operation of the hands. CAP. XLVI. De Xerophthalmia, seu Aridâ Lippitudine. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is a dry blearedness, wherein the Eyes are neither puffed up, nor sand forth tears, but are only read, and heavy with pain, and in the night the eyelids stick fast, and are as it were glued together with thick phlegm; which disease is of the longer continuance, sigh the matter is tough and heavy. This Remedy is greatly praised of Celsus; to take bread dipped in wine, and apply it to the eye: Also to hinder the eyelids from sticking together; Unguentum de Tutia is very much commended to be used at bed time. CAP. XLVII. De Scleropthalmia, seu palpebrarum duritie. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is, when the eyelids are more hard than accustomably they use to be, and also the eye more slow in moving, more read, more painful; especially when one awaketh, the eye lids can hardly be opened, yet no moisture issueth from them, neither is there any itching, and in the corners of the eyes sticketh some phlegm, dried and folded together. Avicen greatly extolleth these Remedies, to apply a fomentation unto the eye, with sponges wet in warm water, and after to put upon the eye the white of an Egg, with oil of Roses: when the humour is thick and salt, he useth the mucilage of Fenu-greek drawn with milk: Unguentum rosatum Mesuae hath been oftentimes used with most happy success. Next follow the affects, or things that are amiss in the eyebrows. CAP. XLVIII. De Hordeolo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Hordeolum, is a small, hard, firm, and somewhat long tumour, like unto a Barley corn, especially when it comes to suppuration, having his matter contained in a little skin, growing in the outmost part of the eyelid, where the hairs be, arising from a phlegmatic humour thick and mingled with blood. This Tumour is taken away by Barley masticated, or chewed, upon an empty stomach, and so applied; or by the body of a Fly (the head thereof being cast away) if it be rubbed therewith. Galen appointeth a Plaster of white Wax; And Avicen useth the blood of a Pigeon, or Turtle, and this Lineament: ℞ Olibani, myrrhae, ana, ʒ two. ladani, ʒ ss. boraces, ʒ i cum oleo liliorum, fiat linimentum. CHP. XLIX. De Chalazio, seu Grandine. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is a round little rising, or swelling, in fashion like a hailstone, transparent, and movable, hither and thither, arising from a matter that is hard, even as hard as a stone. It is to be mollified and suppled cum ammoniaco in aceto dissoluto, and mingled together cum adipe gallinae, vel terebinthina & cera. CAP. L. De Madarosi, seu Glabritie. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is only taken for the falling of hair from the eyelids, by a flowing, of sharp humours: And where the hairs do simply fall away, and the utmost part, and banks, as it were, of the eyelids are read like unto lead, the malady is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But if the edges thereof grow thick and hard in such manner that the hair cannot there be fastened, or pierce thorough, and that the eyelids swell, and become shining, it is than called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Ma drosis, for the most part, invadeth the party after malignant Fevers. Avicen useth the powder of Mice-dung with Honey for the increasing of Hair: Also the following remedies have been often used with happy success. ℞ Olei lini, ℥ i sevi hircini, pinguedinis ursi, ana, ℥ ss. stercoris murium, dactylorum combustorum, ana, ʒ i stercoris hirundinis, ʒ ss. misce. For the Crassitude or thickness of the eyelids, Avicen commendeth a Cataplasm of Endive, oil of Roses, and the white of an Egg. CAP. LIVELY De Trichiasi, & Phalangosi. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is, when preternatural hairs grow up under the natural hair, and pointing inwardly do prick the Tunicles of the eyes. Some, to cure this malady, pull away the hairs with pincers, and than apply such medicines as may stay them from growing again: Of this sort are Aunts eggs, the gall of a Calf, the blood of all sorrs of Frogs: Amongst other, this of Archigenes is praised wonderfully, which is made of the blood and gall of an Hedgehog, with Castoreum in equal proportion. Other sear the hairs to the roots with an iron made for that purpose; but this may be more safely done in the following malady. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is when (the eyelids turning inward) the hairs appear not unless the eyelids be lifted up. CAP. LII. De Phthiriasi. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is when a great abundance of small Lice infested the hairs of the eyebrows; by reason of nastiness and filthiness, in those especially that seldom or never wash, and keep themselves cleanly, and such as use a naughty and corrupt kind of diet. It is to be timely and seasonably cured, ne acres fluxiones concitet. Ablutio palpebrarum decocto betae & staphisagriae laudatur: This Ointment following hath been often tried: ℞ Unguenti rosati Mesues, ℥ i sulphuris vivi, staphisagriae, ʒ. ss. hydrargyri cum cum jejunâ saliuâ extinct. ʒ i fiat unguentum: Next follow the Affects, or things that are amiss in the flesh, that is, in the corners of the eyes. CAP. LIII. De Rhyade. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a consuming, or diminishing, of the Caruncle (viz. the little piece of flesh) that is situate in the greater Angle, or corner of the eye; arising either from sharp humours falling upon the part, or from cleansing Medicines formerly mis-applied. This disease often followeth the Fistula Lachrymalis. It is cured by the use of the following Collyrium; ℞ Aloes, thuris, ana, ʒ i sanguine. dracon. ʒ ss. rosarum rubr. & granor. sumach. ana, ℈ i aquae rosarum, l. i Bulliant ad quartae partis consumptionem. Fiat instar Collyrii. CAP. LIV. De Encanthide. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is the immoderate increase and swelling of the Caruncle, or little flesh, in the great corner of the Eye, caused through too much blood flowing to the part. Si magnum & antiquum malum est, non nisi Chrurgiâ curatur. Encanthis, at first, is cured by the use of burnt Alum: In the cure great heed must be taken, that no more be eaten away, but that which is superfluous, jest it turn to Rhyas. CAP. LV. De Anchilope. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is a Tumour between the great corner of the eye and the nose, without any pain, inflammation, or solution of unity, arising from a dull and sluggish humour, (somewhat resembling Honey, and a Pultise) that most commonly is shut up in a little skin or bag. This disease is hardly cured, because of the delicateness and tenderness of the bone whereupon the swelling groweth; and because it is so near unto the eye, that the medicines may endanger the same. In the beginning, Emplastrum contra rupturam, or Unguentum de bolo, with a little Opium added, is highly commended, to repel and beaten back. In the increase, Aetius appointeth this remedy; ℞ thuris, ℥ i myrrhae, ℥ i ladani, ʒ i cerae ℥ i. alumin. sciss. ℥ ss. spumae nitri, ℥ ss. Beaten these together, and with the grossest part of Oleum irinum make them soft, and fit to be used. CAP. LVI. De Aegilope, seu Fistula Lachrymali. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a little Fistula (attended with smart, pain, and an inflammation) in the corner of the eye, near to the root of the nose, out of which issueth continual phlegm, or a thin humour, arising of some former disease, as of Anchilops suppurated, but either not speedily opened, or negligently dressed. A Lachrymal Fistula that is newly begun, & quae orificium habet extrinsecum ac manifestum, medicamentis curabilis est; but that which is deep and old, and hath fouled the bone, is scarcely cured without burning. Sometimes Aegilops turns to a Cancer, which comes with a pricking pain; extension of the veins, hardness and blewness of the skin, and than it is better to let it alone, because Medicines will enlarge it, doloresque acerbiores excitat, Hildanus boasteth that he cured a Fistula lachrymalis cum ossis carry, in puero tredecim annorum, with Medicines alone, dilating of it with prepared sponges, and after sprinkling Euphorbium into it, and that very much and often; and after applying only an Emplaster of gum elemi; having used these things diligently for the space of divers weeks, he perceived a scale of the bone, which he drew forth; and than with half a drop of Tolutan Balsam upon a little lint, once in a day conveyed into the Ulcer, he perfectly consolidated the Fistula in a short time: Next follow the diseases of the Adnata Tunicle. CAP. LVII. De Ophthalmia, seu Lippitudine. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, The Ophthalmy, is an inflammation of the Adnata Tunicle or Membrane in the eye called Conjunctiva, joined with swelling, extension, pain, redness, and a flowing forth of tears; arising from a sharp blood distending the small veins that belong to the Membrane. Alvi fluxus Ophthalmiae superveniens, bonus, humorum enim abundantia evacuatur, & ad inferiora retrabitur. Curatio est difficilis, si ophthalmia pueros infestat, because that it continually floweth from a tender and a weak head. It is desperate, if it be by consent from the membranes of the brain, and the parts contained within the skull: An old pain in the eyes is very dangerous; Gausae enim contumaciam arguit; and it is to be feared ne suppuratio aut exulceratio succedat. They who have great eyes are most subject to this disease. A certain Gentleman, fifty years old, having an Ophthalmia, was thus cured: First, there was administered for four nights together, ʒ ss. of Pillulae de Succino Craton. made in three Pills; these gave five or six stools the following days without any griping; outwardly was applied to the forehead the following Plaster: ℞ Mastiches, myrrhae, thuris, ana, ʒ i ss. sanguinis Draconis, ʒ i Boli Armeni, farinae fabarum, ana, ℥ ss. Croci, ʒ i cum albumine ovorum, oleo rosarum, & modico aceto, fiat frontale; into the eye was distilled the following Collyrium: ℞ Tutiae praepaeratae, ʒ i ss. camphorae, croci, ana, gr. xii. tie them up together in a fine rag, and hung them in Rose-water, and White-wine, of each half an ounce; of this there was dropped into his eyes, helying on his back, two or three drops, three or four times a day; whilst this was doing, he used the following decoction: ℞ Sarsaparillae incisae & contusae, ℥ two. ligni Guaiaci incisi, ℥ i sussafras incis. ʒ two. Infuse them in 15. pints, of spring-water for 12. hours, than boil them till five pints be wasted, after take it from the fire, adding presently of Cinnamon bruised, ʒ i let it pass through an Hyppocras bag: dose ℥ vi. taken hot, being in bed, composing the body to sweated gently; after sweeting, the sweat was rubbed of gently with fine dry warm linen; an ordinary drink was made of the second decoction, which was used in those days he did not sweated: Thus in twenty days he was cured, beyond all expectation. Another Gentleman, being grievously vexed with the same disease, was cured by the following Medicines: ℞ Pillularum Succinʒ i pill. aurearum, ʒ ss. troch. agarici, ℈ i cum syrupo de betonica, f. pill. numero 10. He took five of these when he went to bed, which gave him the next day six stools; the other five he took the following night: To his forehead and temples there was applied an astringent Plaster, and upon his eyes whites of Eggs well beat●n with Rosewater and woman's milk: Into the eyes was dropped one or two drops, twice or thrice a day, of this Ophthalmick Collyrium: ℞ Sarcocollae in lacte asinino lotae, ʒ iii tutiae praeparatae, ʒ i. aloesʒ i sacchari candi, alb. ʒ i ss. croci, gr. three aquae rosarum, ℥ iv. Mix them, letting them stand a day, shaking them before you use it: By these he was cured: A certain Gentlewoman, being miserably afflicted with a hot distillation in her eyes, so that she could not open them in the morning, was thus helped: After purging with Pil. de succino Craton, the following remedy was applied to her eyes: ℞ Succi Sempervivi cochlear. i. vini albi, cochlear. two. misce. Of which there was dropped one or two drops into the eyes, laying upon them all night a double linen rag wet in the same; this mitigated the heat: After, there was some of the Ophthalmick Collyrium, prescribed in the former Observation, distilled into her eyes twice or thrice a day; and so at length she was perfectly cured. A Country man, fifty years of age, being troubled with an old Inflammation of his eyes, by the advice of a Physician, did for a long time observe a cooling diet, and did drink water, but found no ease: At last, another Countryman persuaded him to leave of that cooling diet, and give himself to drink pure wine; after his first cup of Wine he perceived his eyes to be better, and within a few days, continuing the same drink, his eyes became well. Indeed Hypocrates saith, that pains of the eyes are sometimes cured by drinking pure Wine; quando scilicet Ophthalmia fit à sanguine crasso & pituitoso oculorum tunicis impacto, which by the use of pure Wine is melted, attenuated, and discussed. A Child, new born, was troubled with redness of the eyes, and much filth which came from them like quittor; after the disease had continued three months, by the advice of a certain Physician, Cotton Wool was every night laid upon each eye, being first diligently dried over the coals, and well teased and pulled asunder with the fingers, and afterwards each eye was covered with a little Cotton, in manner of a Bolster, which was swathed down. In the morning the Cotton Wool was much fouled with the foresaid matter: This Remedy bring continued divers nights together, the Infant was perfectly cured. A Vesicatory applied to the forepart of the head, as Forestus reports, did a wondered cure upon an old woman with sore eyes. Zacutus Lusitanus cured an old Ophthalmy, which would not otherwise be removed, in a whole year, with a Mercurial Unguent, although there was no apparent sign of the French disease; being persuaded by Mercurialis, who (in his Book de Morbo Gallico) saith. When you see any disease that will not be cured by ordinary means, imagine it to be the Lucs Venerėa. Cataplasma ex medulla panis triticei, & pomi assati, cum lacte muliebri, pauxillo croci, & sacchari saturni, plurimùm in Ophthalmiâ laudatur. Plura de hac aegritudine vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. cap. 5. & etiam in meâ Scholâ Physicâ, Med. 51, 53, & 59 A certain old man, by reason of a defluxion of Rheum falling into his eyes, had his sight so far weakened, that he could not go without one to guide him; of which disease he was cured, and his sight restored, by putting into his eyes, every night when he went to bed, five or six of the seeds of Clary, which drew the Phlegmatic humours out of his eyes, and cleansed the tunicle or coat called Cornea: Indeed this Observation doth more properly belong to the Chapter de Albugine. Solenander commends highly the decoction of Quince leaves, which are to be gathered, without breaking, in the beginning of the Spring, and kept diligently, that they be neither dusty nor musty, nor otherwise defiled; and when you use them, boil one handful of them in pure water, and let the eyes be often washed therewith: It is a wonder (saith he) to see how it doth preserve, cleanse, and stop Rheums in the eyes. CAP. LVIII. De Taraxi, seu Conturbatione. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is taken for a swift Inflammation of the eye, being read and moist, but lesle grievous than Ophthalmia, proceeding from external causes. If the heat of the Sun, or the fire, have caused this affect, than the Cataplasm mentioned in the latter end of the preceding Chapter cures it, if applied thereto; also a Cataplasm of new drawn Cassia, is held by some to be excellent. If wind, smoke, and dust have been the cause, the eyes are to be washed with Milk blood-warm, and sleep to be taken thereupon. If it happens by a blow or a fall, than blood aught immediately to be drawn forth by opening a vein. If from the stinging of a Bee, or Wasp, or Hornet; than Repellers ex albumine ovi, lacte muliebri, etc. are to be imposed. CAP. LIX. De Chemosi. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is, when the eyelids are, as it were, inverted, and turned the inside outward, so as the eyes can scarce be covered therewith, and the white of the eye, called Conjunctiva, stands out higher than the black, and the redness doth cover most part of the iris or circle. Chemosis eadem remedia, quae ophthalmia, postulat, sed vehementiora; because of the exceeding great inflammation, accompanied with most vehement pain. CAP. LX. De Pterygio, seu ungue oculorum. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, The Haw, nail, or little wing, (as they term it) of the eye, or, as some call it, the arrow, is a little membrane that is nervous, fibrous, and somewhat white, which proceedeth forth from the corners of the eyes, (the greater of them especially) and cleaveth fast unto the Adnata tunicle; and is sometimes drawn forth in length even unto the Cornea tunicle; and very often (if it so much increase) covereth and overspreadeth the Pupilla or ball of the eye, and so hindereth the sight. A new Haw, that is small, may be cured with Medicines; but an old overgrown one, covering the black of the eye, cannot be cured but by Chirurgery. If the eye affected grow smaller, Malum est signum, partis enim debilitatem arguit. A Haw which is thick, hard, and black, cannot be cured, Cancrosam enim naturam obtinet. This powder is very much commended, and hath been often used with happy success; ℞ Ossis sepiae, ℈ sacchari candi, ʒ i Vitrioli, ℈ ss. tutiae praeparatae, ʒ ss. misce. Fiat pulvis subtilissimus, to lay upon the Haw. CAP. LXI. De Panno. PAnnus, The Pin or Web of the Eye, is a certain read substance, like unto a small piece of cloth, arising from the exuberancy and overgreat abounding of blood, in the exterior veins of the eye. Recens haec affectio medicamentis; inveterata tantùm manus operâ curatur. Curatio abstersione, per ea supra-dicta in capite de Encanthide, & de Pterygio, perficitur. Vide etiam meam Scholam Physicam, Med. 82. CAP. LXII. De Hyposphagmate, seu Suggillatione. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, The Hyposphagm or Sugillation (as they call it) is a blemish or spot, reddish, or black and blue, arising from blood poured forth of the veins being opened, and common to the tunicle Cornea. Sugillatio in adanata tunica salubrior, quàm in Cornea. In curing this malady, blood-letting is most necessary; and of local Medicines, the blood of a Turtle or Pigeon taken out of its wing is excellent at the beginning, the cure being than most easy. Or a Collyrium composed ex sanguine columbarum ex alis detracti, ʒ two. lactis mulieris temper. ℥ ss. thuris, ℈ i Also the Cataplasm of Hyssop, sodden with Cow's milk, is praised of Avicen; or the tops of Hyssop may be boiled in ordinary and common water, and tied up in a little bag, and so applied. We may withstand the Inflammation by the white of an Egg well shaken together; and if there be present any pus, or purulent matter, the same may be lessened by a Collyry composed ex mucilag. foenugr. cum aqua foeniculi, & melle rosaceo. Water of Honey does most certainly take away spots of the eyes; but if the eye be pained withal, the pain must first be assuaged, before this water be used: And so much of the diseases of the Adnata Tunicle; next follows those of the Tunicle Cornea. CAP. LXIII. De Corneae tunicae crassity. CRassities corneae tunicae, The thickness of the Horny-membrane, is an extreme drying of the substance thereof, joined with a certain corrugation or wrinkling; in so much that the Patient sees as through smoke; arising either from the incautelous, and careless application of cold Remedies; or else from gross and thick humours that insinuate themselves. Si 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, corrugatio, sit ex humoribus crassis impactis, & recens adhuc, curari potest: Si vero diuturnum sit, & ex vehementi frigidorum usu, vix curatur. In curatione laudatur, chelidoniae succus expressus, & oculis guttatim instillatus. CAP. LXIV. De Nebula. NEbula, or the little cloud, is the colour of the tunicle Cornea, altered and changed by a subtle humour flowing forth. That which is prevalent in this case, is, the powder of Margarites, prepared in the water of Roses and Fennel: As also Saccharum albissimum (candi dictum) in aqua euphrasiae, chelidoniae aut foeniculi dissolutum: Vide Forestum, lib. 6. observat. 56. ubi reperies infantem à nebulis hoc saccharo curatum. Amatus Lusitanus reports, that he cured thick clouds in the eye of a girl twelve years of age, post decocti salsaeparillae exhibitionem per viginti dies, sequenti Collyrio. ℞ Mellis in ipso favo, lb. two. summitatum foeniculi, flor. sambuci, euphrasiae, ana, P. two. sacchari candi, ℥ iv. Destillentur in B. M. & aqua instilletur in oculos. Lastly, The yellow colour of the jaundice, which appears most in the eyes, when the jaundice is cured, is easily discussed, by taking the sum of Vinegar into the eyes, si curam accelerare velis. CAP. LXV. De Albugine. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Albugo, is a white spot, rendering the Cornea tunicle so thick, that there is denied all manner of passage unto the visible species. As to the Prognostic; An Albugo which comes of phlegm, or a thick humour remaining after an Ophthalmy, is easily cured, praesertim si inveterata non sit; but that which cometh after a wound, or an ulcer, and is a scar, is very hardly cured, especially in those that are ancient. The following decoction is much commended in Albugo. ℞ Rad. althaeae ℥ i. foliorum malvae, euphrasiae, chelidoniae maj. ana, m. i sem. lini & foenugraeci, ana, ʒ iii florum meliloti, P. i Fiat decoctio in aqua fontis, cujus vapor recipiatur in oculum manè & serò. Also the water of Honey, prescribed in the preceding Chapter de Nebula, is very good to take away all blemishes in the eye, si usus illius diu continuetur. CAP. LXVI. De Phlyctaenis, seu Pustulis corneae. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Pustulae, are little rise, common to the Adnata and Cornea tunicles, like the grain or seeds of Millet, arising from a sharp, serous, or wheyish humour, lifting up the Membranes. Phlyctaenae in Adnata minus periculosae sunt, quàm in Cornea. The more superficial these Pustules be, the lesle dangerous they are, the more inward, the more desperate; for it is to be feared, jest the whole thickness of the Cornea be eroded, and so either the watery humour will flow forth, or else the Uvea start out. Saccharum Saturni (or Sugar of Saturn) with the water of Eye-bright, is (here) of all remedies the best and chiefest: You may frame your Medicine thus: ℞ Aquae euphrasiae, ℥ i aquae rosarum, ℥ i ss. sacchari saturni, gr. xv. tutiae praeparatae, ℈. ss. misce, & utere. CAP. LXVII. De Corneae Ruptura. RUptura Corneae tunicae, The Rupture of the Horny tunicle happens either from an Ulcer or Wound, or else from an afflux of humours, by which the said Membrane is so distended, that it cracks in the middle, and the humours contained are let out. Incurabilis est plerumque haec affectio, & visus privationem relinquit. Some foment the part with a decoction of read Roses, Solomon's seal, Bramble buds, Shepherd's purse, and Plantain, boiled in read Wine, if there be no Inflammation; but if there be, in Spring water; and for the perfect consolidation and cure, they use this Collyrium. ℞ Aloes lotae, tutiae praeparatae, & sarcocollae nutritae in lacte muliebri, ana, ℈. ss. croci, gr. v. cum mucilagine gummi tragacanthi, fiat collyririum. CAP. XLVIII. De Corneae & Adnatae Ulceribus. ULcera corneae & adnatae tunicae, Ulcers of the Ho●n●● and Adnata tunicle, are want to arise from sharp corroding humours flowing into the eyes; and sometimes they follow the Phlyctaenae, or little swell which breed in the Cornea, but not till they break. There are divers sorts of these Ulcers mentioned in Authors: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or Fossula, is a hollow, na●rrow, and hard Ulcer, without filthy matter. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is broader, but not so deep. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or Ulcus Coronale, is a round Ulcer in the white of the eye, near unto the circle named Iris, or the rainbow; it is white, near to the apple of the eye, and read in the membrane conjunctiva. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a deep, filthy, and crusty Ulcer. The Ulcers of the eyes are dangerous, and hard to be cured, but more in the Cornea, than in the Adnata; an Ulcer in the Pupilla is more dangerous, because, after it is cured, it will leave a scar, which will hinder the perspicuity of the Cornea, and so the sight will be hurt. The following Collyrium doth moderately dry and cleanse: ℞ Aquar. verbenae, & plantaginis, ana, ℥ two. sacchari candi, ℥ ss. misce pro Collyrio; vel ℞ Aquae mellis in B. M. Destillatae, & aquae rosarum, ana, parts aequales. CAP. LXIX. De Nomis, seu ulceribus depascentibus. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu ulcera depascentia, are malicious and painful Ulcers, attended with a Fever, which in time doth gnaw and consume the parts, next adjoining to the eyes, as the muscles and eyelids, beginning partly at the Corners, partly at the white of the eye, and sometimes at the Horney membrane. If the veins and Arteries of the temples seem very full, it will be most expedient to let them bleed: To the forehead and temples may be applied an emplaster made of Emplastrum contra rupturam, Unguentum Comitissae, & desiccativum rubrum mixed together: And for the eye, you may use the Collyrium set down in the former Chapter. I have sometimes used aqua spermatis ranarum, which is very powerful to stay and overcome the evil and spreading nature of the humour. CAP. LXX. De Cancro Corneae. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, corneae tunicae, is a little Ulcer, happening in the black of the eye, which cannot be closed, very painful, replete with swollen vessels, as in the disease called Varix; and sometimes when it seems to be closed up, upon no manifest occasion, it opens again, and becomes ulcerous. This disease is accounted incurable, as well in the eye, as in any other part, when it is fixed; except it be taken away by manual operaton. Amongst local medicines, the white of an Egg beaten with woman's milk is to be praised by many; also Lintels sodden and steeped in Plantain water, or juice, the Mucilages of Quinces, and Lin-seed, often renewed. Moreover the flesh of Chickens is very powerful of assuage pain; and some say that the disease itself hath been cured by it alone. Vide Tractatum meum de Tumoribus praeter naturam, sect. 2. cap. 7. pag. 98, & 99 Some apply the flesh of young Pigeons while it is warm, cut in thin broad pieces. Sic etiam concipio hunc & praecedentem morbum de Nomis (quamvis curatu impossibiles teneantur) curari posse Salivatione usu mercurii dulcis Antimoniique diaphoretici curiosè administrati, procuratâ, post sufficientem totius corporis sarsaeparillae, etc. decoctione, praeparationem. Vide dicta Zacuti Lusitani, & Mercurialis, supra posita, capite, 57 De Ophthalmia versus finem, eaque Alexandri Trajani, Petri, infra, capite de Suffusione. CAP. LXXI. De Vulneribus Corneae, & oculorum dolore. VUlnera Corneae, Wounds of the Cornea, are made by the violence of things pricking, cutting, bruising, or otherwise losing the continuity thereof. They require first, Evacuation, per venaesectionem praesertim. Secondly, Revulsion, per Caetaplasmata super palpebram duntaxat imposita. Thirdly, Consolidation; and for this purpose the strains of twelve Eggs well-beaten with a little Rose-water, and so put into the eye, are very much commended: It is a remedy held pro secreto. Upon the eyelid may be applied filie round pleageants of flax or soft tow, as broad as a shillling, dipped in the white of an Egg, beaten to Oil; it must be renewed as it drieth; and this will not only draw away the corrupt or bruised blood, but also cleanse and cool the eye. Dolour oculorum, oculis, praecipuè ob tunicas externas, convenit. Mitigatur albumine ovorum; ab opiatis cavendum. Some highly commend this Anodyne medicine for the eyes: ℞ Pomi dulcis assati, ℥ ss. Camphorae, gr. xv. croci gr. v. cum aqua rosarum, & lacte muliebri: Fiat Cataplasma. CAP. LXXII. De Hypopyo, seu pure sub Cornea. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is an heap of corrupt matter possessing about half the black of the eye, or shining through the Horney coat, which covereth the Pupilla, arising most commonly from a stroke or contusion. Galen reports, That there was one Justus, an Oculist in his time, that cured many of this disease by shaking their heads; for setting them strait upon a seat, and taking hold on both sides of their head, he shaked them till he perceived the matter to descend. Some highly commend this following Remedy; ℞ Aquarum verbenae, rutae, chelidon, rosarum & foeniculi, ana, ℥ ss. aloes oped. tutiae praeparatae, ana, ʒ ss. Sacchari candi, ʒ i Pulverizentur & misceantur, addendo lactis muliebris tantillum; & fiat collyrium; of which drop some into the eyes twice or thrice in the day: But this mixture is excellent. ℞ Croci, aloes, myrrhae, ana, ʒ i vini, ʒ iii mellis. ʒ vi. Dissolvatur crocus in vino. Deinde cum aloe & myrrha misceantur. Tandem mel addatur. Hoc remedio oculi illinantur. And thus much touching the diseases of the Cornea tunicle; we proceed next to those of the Uvea. CAP. LXXIII. De Proptosi, seu Uveae procidentiâ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is here taken for a starting, or falling out of the Membrane named Uvea, when the Horney tunicle is either loosed or broken by a wound or an ulcer; and as this malady appeareth greater or lesle, so there are numbered divers kinds thereof, having names given unto them from the likeness of those things which they do represent. Si enim parva uveae portio procidat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dicitur, quòd formam capitis muscae habeat: But if the greatest part of the Uvea issueth forth, so that it overreacheth the eyelid, representing an Apple hanging by the stalk, it is than called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is, when the Uvea being so far thrust out of the eyelids, becometh hard, and the horny coat round about being brawny, presseth it down, as if it were the head of a nail. The cure of this disease is difficult, and the more when the Uvea comes most forth; si verò minor sit, ut in myocephalo, curationem admittit. Proptosis medicamentis astringentibus sine asperitate (qualia in Corneae ruptura suprà fuere proposita) curatur; and if it be not removed by these, than it is requisite that we make use of the incision knife. CAP. LXXIV. De Mydriasi, seu Pupillae Dilatatione. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is when the Pupilla is enlarged (above, and besides the ordinary course of nature) toward the Iris, or particoloured circle of the eye, whereby the sight is either much impaired, or utterly lost. They which are troubled with this disease, which some call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, do think every thing which they see to be greater than it is; which error cometh by the shattering of the spirits, at the largeness of the hole in the Apple of the eye. Sometimes it is not only enlarged and stretched abroad, but it seemeth to be removed from the midst of the eye, and to have changed his place, which (in Arnoldus) is called, Pupillae è loco remotio. If the dilatation of the Pupilla happens through siccity or dryness, extending the Uvea, (like as we see in skins or Hides that are perforated) it is not to be cured without some difficulty: But if it arise from humidity or moisture, the cure is much more easy: Quae à percussione oritur incurabilis est, si uvea sit lacerata. Si post vehementem capitis dolorem, magna sequatur pupillae usque ad iridem dilatatio, exigua sanationis spes est, ob immodicam materiae copiam. The cure is varied according to the variety of the cause; if this malady proceed from dryness, the best remedy is Goat's milk, wherewith you may wash and drench the eye often; if from moisture, than this following Collyrium may safely be used: ℞ Rosarum rubr. siccarum, ℈ two. croci, spicae-nardi, corticis thuris, ana, ℈ ss. tutiae praeparatae, spodii, acaciae, ana, ℈ i Bring them into a powder, and put them in a thin linen cloth, and tie it; than hung it in three ounces of Rose-water, and wash the eyes often with the water, dropping into them, squeezing the cloth as often as you use the water. If it comes from wind (after universal evacuations, which are not to be neglected in oculorum morborum curatione) you may foment the eyes with the decoction of Fennel, Rue, Dill, read Roses, and Myrtles, made in Rose-water, with the fourth part of white Wine. If it come with a stroke, and there be no inflammation, you may apply at the first a Cataplasm, ex farina fabarum, foliis plantaginis, & rosis rubris, cum aqua rosarum paratum: after that, you may often drop therein the blood of a Pigeon, which is a most excellent remedy in all wounds and contusions of the eyes. Si vero adsit inflammatio, instar opthalmiae curanda est. CAP. LXXV. De Myosi, seu Pupillae Angustiâ. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Angustia pupillae, The straightness or narrowness of the Pupilla is, when it is rendered and made narrower than naturally it aught to be, thereby hindering the sight. As to the Prognostic, A straightness in the Pupilla, which cometh from the loss of the watery humour in the eye, is incurable, because when that is once lost, it cannot be recruited, especially in old folks. In pueris tamen aliquando per vulnus effusus humor aqueus reparatus 〈◊〉 regeneratus est. A Constriction of the Pupilla from dryness can scarce or very hardly be cured. Illa verò quae ab humiditate fit, in suo principio, & adhuc recens, facilè curari potest, inveterata verò difficilimè. The cure of this disease differeth not from the former, for they come both from the same causes, namely, dryness or moisture. CAP. LXXVI. De Hypochyma, seu Suffusione. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Suffusio, A Suffusion or Cataract, is a heap of superfluous humours made thick, between the horny membrane and the Crystalline humour, directly upon the apple of the eye, swimming above the waterish humour in that place, which Celsus affirmeth to be voided and empty, hindering the sight, or (at lest) the discerning and judging of such things as are before the eyes. A Suffusion newly begun, when the Patient can perceive an Object as through a cloud, is curable, as Galen saith: A Cataract in an old man, whose eyes are naturally of a weak constitution, is altogether uncurable. Si ex febre acuta, peripneumonia, phrenitide, aut dolore capitis intensi suffusio proveniat, difficillimè curatur. A black Cataract free from all brightness, can neither be cured by Physic, nor Chirurgery; because the visive spirits are destroyed; but a clear Cataract that hath some splendour, is curable. Suffusio confirmata, in qua materia jam concreta est, discuti medicamentis non potest, & sola compunctione curabilis est. That which moveth, and is coloured like Quicksilver is incurable; as also, that which is green, dark, or very yellow. A Cataract which representeth objects full of holes, is not to be tampered with: The Cataract which is fit for touching useth to be sky-coloured, and sea-green, or of the colour of Iron or Lead, not black; also it aught to be like a thin skin, which may be rolled about the needle; for if it be too thick and solid, it cannot be touched, which you may perceive when it is like Chalk, or Hail. Quercetan, in his Dispensatory, doth much commend the Infusion of Crocus metallorum, which is thus prepared: ℞ Aquarum chelidonii maj. ℥ vi. croci metallorum, ℈ i Infundantur simul, and drop three or four drops of this water warmed into the eyes, three or four times a day for a long continuance. Fonseca saith, That he knew one cured by this water, who was very dim-sighted many months: This is the excellency of it, which few other Medicines have; it cleanseth very powerfully, without any sharpness. It is good to chew sweet Fennelseeds in the morning some space of time, and than to fill the mouth with white Wine; and when it is warm, to wash the eyes therewith, till they begin to smart. It is no lesle profitable to let a child eat sweet Fennelseeds in a morning, and afterwards breathe into the eyes. You may make bread with the bran in it, with the powder of Rue, Celandine, Eye-bright, Betony, and Fennel, with a little Honey, which as soon as it drawn, and cut in pieces, must be put between two pewter, or silver dishes; whence will come a water, which Zechius affirmeth, dropped into the eyes doth wonders. Alexander Trajanus Petronus declares, that a certain man, before he had the French disease, being blind of one eye with a thick Suffusion, was wonderfully freed from his Cataract and Pox both at once hydrargyri inunctione: Neither is it without reason that Cataracts may be dissolved with that Unction, when we see by experience, that very hard tumours of thick and gross phlegm are powerfully dissolved by the Unction of Quicksilver. Plura de Suffusione vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. c. 6. Next, of what is amiss in the humours of the eyes. CAP. LXXVII. De Humoris aquei vitiis. Humour aqueus, The watery Humour is out of its natural condition when it is distempered in quantity or quality: When the distemper is in quantity, it is enlarged or diminished, and makes the Pupilla be dilated or contracted; which diseases are mentioned before in their places. When the distemper is in quality, it becomes thicker, and that comes from another humour mixed with it, and that is called Suffusio, which we spoke of in the Chapter preceding: Indeed the faults or things amiss in the watery humour, are especially four, Imminutio, Effusio, Crassitiedo, & Obscuratio. CAP. LXXVIII. De Humoris Crystallini vitiis. Humour Crystallinus, The Crystalline humour is the chief instrument of sight, and therefore aught to be kept more pure and perspicuous than the rest; those things that are amiss in this humour, are especially three. First, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or the changing of the Crystalline humour into a grey, or skye-colour, arising from exsiccation, which causeth the Patient to apprehended all objects as through smoke and little clouds. Secondly, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu caecitas nocturna, or a nocturnal blindness; with the which such as are affected see indifferently well in the daytime, but more obscurely and dimly after sunset, and in the night time nothing at all. Thirdly, Situs mutatus, or the situation changed, qui multipliciter accidere solet. Moreover, although many Authors do not distinguish between a Glaucoma, and a Suffusion, yet they which diligently observe may distinguish them thus: In a Suffusion there is a white in the very Pupilla, and very near the Membrane called Cornea; but in Glaucoma it lieth deeper. Incurabilis est hic affectus, praecipuè in senibus, in quibus siccitas partium emendari non potest; but if it be not manifest that the fault is in the Crystalline, and there is suspicion of a Suffusion, you may use the Remedies prescribed for it. I read of a certain Physician, who going up a Ladder to take a Book from a shelf, and turning his eyes violently upwards, saw all things afterwards turned upwards, as though men walked upon their heads, which came by the attraction and displacing of the Crystalline. For a quarter of a year after, when again he turned up his eyes violently, his natural sight returned, and all things appeared in right order. Hence it appears that by a violent motion of the eye, the Crystalline may be displaced, & again by the same motion be set right. The juice of Chickweed, or Fennel, dropped into the eye, is very much commended in the cure of Nyctalopia, as also to receive the vapour of Rue, Fennel, Eye-bright, Celandine, Ligni-Aloes, and Saffron, sodden together in Wine or water, or else to distil them with Honey, and so put the water into the eyes. CAP. LXXIX. De Humoris vitrei vitiis. Humour vitreus, The vitreous or Glassy humour, is next under the Crystalline, and therefore it is made by nature transparent, that the Species carried to the Optic nerve may be pure and clean: Those things that are amiss in this humour are these: First, The Augmentation thereof, by which not only the Pupilla is more dilated, sed etiam Crystallinus obumbratur, and hath as it were a mist cast before it, and the spirits also much dulled and blunted. Secondly, Diminution, from whence the tunicles are wrinkled up together, and the Pupilla contracted. Thirdly, Crassities, or the thickness thereof, which ariseth from the admixture of some other humour; and this cannot be perceived by any Signs, but only it is judged so probably by reason; for the vitreous humour cannot be seen, or its condition known; and therefore Practitioners are constrained to confounded it, and to make it one with Gutta serena, quia nullum vitium in oculis appareat. Moreover, This humour may be out of order in respect of its situation; namely, when any part of it by a blow or contusion shall be brought before the Crystalline. The vitreous humour being displaced can by no art be reduced to its former condition. But this by nature hath sometimes been done, and therefore the whole business is to be committed unto her. Next follow those diseases that infested and annoyed the globe of the eye. CAP. LXXX. De oculi Atrophia, & Microphthalmo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is than, when the parts of the eyes consume and waste away, by reason of some evacuation, and overgreat exsiccation. It differeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, that is, the consumption of the eye, because therein is only a diminishing of the Apple, and not of the whole eye, because therein is only a diminishing of the Apple, and not of the whole eye; which in Atrophia is smaller and lesser than naturally it should be, there appearing a hollow deepness, it being sunk down within the circle, and the sight darkened and dimmed in such sort, that the things which they look upon, do seem much greater than they are. Malum curatu difficile est: Neque enim siccitas in ulla corporis parte facilè euratur; & nisi maturè ei succuratur, causa caecitatis esse solet. It is cured by those medicaments that humect and moisten (and chief the breast milk of a woman) laid therein. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, that is, the pinking eye, is, when any one hath from his birth so little eyes that they seem scarcely opened, albeit they are not sunk down within the circle, more than they should be; whereunto it is not expedient to apply any medicine, sigh nature cannot be amended. CAP. LXXXI. De Oculi procidentia, & Exopthalmo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is when the eye either stands out of its Orb, in an unusual and unbeseeming manner; or otherwise falleth out so (at lest) that it cannot be covered with the eyelids. If it hap through some external cause, as the sounding of an Instrument, or hard labour in childbearing; It is cured, First, by putting back the eye into its proper seat: Secondly, by retaining and keeping the same in its place, by Fomentations made of Astringents; to wit, Roses, Pomegranate flowers, and Acacia. Thirdly, and lastly, by blood-letting: If Resolution of the Muscles be the cause thereof, than Apophlegmatisms are very available. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, The Ox eye, called of some the goggle eye, is also a standing out, or lifting up, and as it were, a casting forth of the eye, from the hollowness and circle wherein it is set and placed, as a precious stone within his Collet. But this affection or disposition is merely natural, as we may see in such as have great eyes, and to them it is not needful to apply any thing. CAP. LXXXII. De Hippo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is an affection of the eye, coming at the first framing, and from the birth of the party, wherein the eyes cannot abide in one place, but are always shaking, and continually trembling in such manner, that you may behold the eye going hither and thither without any rest. Although Gorraeus accounteth it no disease, because no Physician hath set down any cure for it, yet in labouring to redress this fault, I would use the Instrument called a Mask, as we hinted, to the end, that he which were molested therewith might not see but by that little hole, whereby the eye should be compelled to stay in that place in looking, which might 'cause it afterwards to remain more steadfast. Some think it best to bind or roll the eyes for a time, and than again to unroll them, which may be profitable in this affection, as also in the squint-eye, called Strabismus. CAP. LXXXIII. De Paralysi, seu oculi resolutione. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is here taken for a want of sense and motion in the eye, when it can neither be moved to the right side nor to the jest, up nor down, because the Muscles are benumbed, and if any sharp remedy be laid to, it cannot feel the same. If the whole eye be loosed, it is hardly cured, especially in those that are aged. It is cured, First, by bathing with such herbs as are good for the sinews, having virtue partly to comfort, partly to make thin. Secondly, by applying a Cataplasm made of the same Herbs, putting to it a little Castoreum, carefully providing that it go not into the eye. Thirdly, by dropping into the eye, in small quantity, the water of Fennel, Annisseeds, Cinnamon and Eye-bright, mingled. Lastly, the blood of a Turtle, or Pigeon, is of singular use. CAP. LXXXIV. De Strabismo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is than, when the Pupilla or Ball of the eye declineth from the midst, so that it appeareth more in the one part of the eye than in the other. Strabismus à primo ortu, & mala conformatione, non curatur; nec qui à mala assuetudine, vel etiam convulsione aut paralysi, si sit inveteratus, nunquam curatur. Recens verò malum interdum curationem suscipit. This malady is most incident to children presently after their birth, through the negligence of the nurse, who setteth the cradle in which the Infant lieth on the side of the light, and not directly contrary unto it, which maketh the children looking to the light, to turn the eye on the side to it; and thus by continuance they are accustomed to turn their eye awry. I have seen it proceed in some, of having too much company with women, the excess whereof doth marvellously scatter the spirits. In such a case the sick party aught to be nourished, and to drink Ass' milk. Also the blood of a Turtle or Pigeon dropped into the eye doth powerfully help. Paulus Aegineta appointed a Mask for such as had this disease, to the end they might always look strait, which is most fit for young children. CAP. LXXXV. De Amblyopia, seu Hebetudine. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Hebetudo, is a continual dimness and hindrance of the sight, which is darkened, and yet no blemish or hurt to be perceived in the eye, nor in its membranes, arising either from the fault of the brain, that maketh and yieldeth not a sufficient supply of the animal spirits, or else from something amiss in the animal spirits themselves, qui lucidi, tenues, multi, esse debent. Dimness, or weakness of sight, coming after overmuch evacuation, or long and lasting diseases, is helped by the restauration of the body, to its former vigour and strength: Debilitas visus ex senio vix curationem suscipit. To quicken and sharpen the sight, you have plenty of Remedies in many of the foregoing Chapters. Also see the following, De Gutta serena. Moreover, Leonellus Faventinus tells us, how he cured a Hebetudo, by dropping into the eye the juice of Celandine; also the distilled water of white Honey and Rose flowers is highly commended by many. Vide meam Scholam Physicam, Med. 68 & 135. CAP. LXXXVI. De Epiphora, seu Lachrymis involuntariis. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is here taken for the defluxion of a thin Rheum, which daily flows from the corners of the eyes. Some from their childhood are troubled with this malady, never having dry, but always moist eyes, with a thin piercing humour. New Epiphoras coming from outward causes are easily cured, especially in youth; but old, and in old men very hardly. Quae verò ex aliis morbis procedunt, ut agylope, fistula lachrymali & similibus, ab illorum affectuum curationibus omninò dependant. In a stubborn Epiphora, a Vesicatory applied to the forepart of the head doth wonders; as Forestus showeth, concerning an old woman who had sore eyes, weeping and mattery, with great pain and itching, and could by no means be cured, that with applying a plaster of Cantharideses, with Honey and Leaven to her head being shaved, he perfectly cured her. This following Cataplasm is of singular use, if the defluxion come from a sharp hot humour. ℞ Boli armeni, sanguinis dracon. balaustiorum & myrtyllorum, ana, ʒ i ss. acacia & hypocistidos, ana, ʒ i thuris, mastiches, ana, ℈ two. rosarum rubr. p. i. Powder them, and mix them with the white of an Egg, and a little vinegar, make a Cataplasm, which spread upon a cloth, and apply to the forehead and temples, and renew it as fast as it groweth dry. Some highly commend the opening of the veins and arteries in the head and temples, which draweth out the humour, if it flow inward, and cutteth of the course of it, if it be outward: Moreover, many remedies may be found for this malady, in the Chapter de Ophthalmia. CAP. LXXXVII. De Paremptosi, seu Gutta serena. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, most commonly is a hindrance of the whole sight, without any appearance thereof in the eye (unless it be that the Pupilla seemeth blacker and larger) for the Apple of the eye remaineth sound, and unchanged, the sinew of sight only is obstructed and stopped, by reason of a watery humour flowing down from the brain upon the Optic nerves. Platerus reports, That he saw a blindness which came from a round tumour growing in the brain, and compressing the Optic nerves, which appeared by opening of the head, after the Patient was deceased. As to the Prognostic; if this disease be absolute, that is, if there be a total loss of sight, it is for the most part incurable, especially if the Patient be old. But if the obstruction be imperfect, which only causeth a diminution of sight, but not blindness, there is more hope of cure, because than it is supposed that the humour is not fastened within the substance of the nerve, but only gathered together in the brain, about the original of those nerves. Some Practitioners do relate, that some by a wound in the forehead have been cured of blindness: In which it is most probable, that the cause of their blindness was the compression▪ of the optic nerves, by the veins and arteries adjoining, and swelling with too much blood, which the wounds aforesaid emptied forth. Whence Spigelius (as Plempius reports in his Book of the eyes) was want, in gutta serena, with good success, to open the middle vein in the forehead, and let it bleed while it stop of itself. Old Physicians say, that Treacle is of excellent virtue to strengthen the brain and the eyes, which may be taken by a drachm every night, with Fennel, Eye-bright, or Celandine water, twice or thrice in a week: Nutmeg eaten every morning fasting is much commended if it be long chewed, that the vapour maybe carried to the eyes. Candid Mirabolans taken in the morning are thought to clear the sight exceedingly. The usual Opiate given after purging is thus prepared. ℞ Conservae florum betonicae, & anthos, ana, ℥ two. myrobalanos conditas, num. two. theriacae veter. ʒ two. pulveris foliorum euphrasiae, ʒ iii sem. foeniculi dulc. ʒ two. nucis moschatae, cinnamomi, & caryophil. ana, ℈ i cum syrupo è succis foenic. rutae, thelidon. cum melle confecto, fiat opiata: Let him take thereof the bigness of a Chestnut, drinking after it a little wine mixed with Fennel water. In a desperate case, when all other medicines have been used in vain, a vesicatory applied over the whole head (being shaved) in form of a cap, hath many times been very successful: If it be twice or thrice used after the drying up of the former blisters, it is more advantageous. CAP. LXXXVIII. De Symptosi, seu Concidentia, & Aporrexi. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is, when the sinew of sight is so flat, weak, and pressed down, that there is not any hollowness remaining in it, because the inside of the skins do touch each other, by reason either of abundance of humours which fall not into the hollowness, but upon the substance of this sinew, or else dryness, whereby it is withered, and gathered together. If old age do bring this infirmity, it is to be accounted incurable: If the party be young, and you perceive the disease do proceed from abundance and fullness; It is cured by an universal evacuation, and by such things as cleanse and sharpen the sight. Vide supra, in capite de Gutta serena. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is, when the sinew of sight is utterly broken asunder, and separated from the brain by a stroke or fall, in such sort, that presently upon it doth ensue most desperate blindness, because the spirit of sight cannot be carried unto the eye. Concerning the cure, the Chirurgeon shall have more care to maintain and preserve the beauty of the eye, than to endeavour the restoring of the sight which is utterly lost. And so much touching the diseases of the eyes: Next follow those of the ears. CAP. LXXXIX. De Aurium Inflammatione. INflammatio aurium, The Inflammation of the ears, arises from a thin and choleric blood, fallen forth of the small veins of the brain, into the membranes of the ear. Curatio est dubia, propter symptomatum magnitudinem, inprimis in juvenibus; for they being of a hot temper, and their blood hot, the inflammation is greater quae nativum calorem cerebri dissolvit; Hence it is that they die for the most part within seven days: But if they live longer they recover. This disease is likewise very dangerous in Infants▪ and little children, which by reason of the quickness of their sense, minùs dolorem sustinere possunt. Zacutus Lusitanus in praxi ad Historias, commends four Horsleeches applied behind the ears, which he saith, gave much ease to a young man which had a violent Inflammation in his ears. I have sometimes opened the Cephalica vein, on that side the ear hath been grieved, with most happy success. Gener Domini Hardy, annos circiter 8. natus, magna sinistrae auris inflammatione correptus est, which caused a most vehement pain, with redness of colour, extending itself even as far as the cheeks and temples: His father desiring my advice, I directed that a healthful nurse should squirt a little of her milk from her breast into the lads ear, twice or thrice a day. I also prescribed these Syrups; ℞ Syrupi rosarum sol. ℥ ss. syrupi de rhabarbaro, ℥ i misce. He took half overnight, about ten of the clock, and the rest in the morning, cum succo prunorum Damascenorum: He had four or five stools, and so was freed from the Inflammation and pain. CAP. XC. De Ulceribus aurium, & vermibus. ULcera aurium, Ulcers of the ears, arise from those things that either pour forth pus or matter, or else such as by their acrimony and tartness are of a corroding nature. Ulcera in auribus difficilè curantur, quia cerebrum vicinum ad eas partes excrementa deponit; But those which follow an Imposthume are easier cured, especially if the matter be laudable; but where the matter is virulent, stinking, or the like, it is difficult; especially if the Ulcer be cavous, and the bone foul. For drying and cleansing of an Ulcer in the ear, this Medicine following is excellent, as I have found by experience: ℞ Mellis optimi, & vini albi antiqui, ana, ℥ iii Bulliant ad despumationem, & instillentur in aurem, and stop it with Cotton dipped in the same: But if you would not have it so strong, you may boil the Honey with Water and Wine: Or ℞ Decocti hordei, ℥ iv. mellis rosacei, ℥ i misce. instillentur tepidè in aurem, Vermes, worms, discover themselves by the corroding pain, restlessness, and other such like conjectural Symptoms. Necantur unguento ex axungia capi, & oleo coryli, cum gr. two. Mercurii dulcis misto: This medicine following is highly commended. ℞ Olei amygdal. amar. succi apii, centaurii minor. ana, ℥ two. aceti, ʒ two. Bulliant parum, deinde adde myrrhae, aloes, ana, ℈ i M. Instillentur in aurem. Also the decoction of Hemp dropped into the ear is very effectual for the kill of Worms. Hitherto of the diseases of the ears: Next follow the symptoms. CAP. XCI. De Otalgia, seu Aurium dolore. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu aurium dolour, Pain of the ears, ariseth from causes distending the membranes encompassing about the cavity of the ear, and endued with an exquisite sense. Prognosis doloris aurium varia est pro varietate causarum. That which▪ comes from a bore distemper is easily cured: Qui à materia frigida, pituitosa, serosa, vel flatuosa producitur, is not very dangerous, but useth to continued long. The cure is somewhat doubtful if it abide in the deeper part, or bottom of the ear, sicut etiam si juvenes infestat. Aurium dolor acutus cum febre continua, ac vehementi, curatu est difficilis: periculum enim delirii, convulsionis, mortisque imminet. This Remedy is greatly praised by many: ℞ Lactis muliebris recenter mulcti, ℥ two. albumin. ovi agitati, ut in liquorem abeat, ℥. ss. M. instillentur tepidè in aurem. Sows, called Aselli, infused in oil of Chamomil, Roses, or water-Lillies, and strained, are the best Anodynes; haec enim animalia eximiam habent vim dolorem sedandi. Plura de aurium dolore vide in meo Enchiridio medico, lib. 3 cap. 13. CAP. XCII. De Cophosi, seu surditate, & gravi auditu. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Surditas, Deafness, is when the hearing is totally gone, so that the Patient either heareth no noise, or if he do, he cannot distinguish it. Surditas à nativitate non est curabilis. Quae verò inveterata & diuturna, difficillime curatur. A deafness from choler or blood, which happeneth only in sharp continuing Fevers, cum earum febrium curatione solvi consuevit. Surditas per intervalla crescens & decrescens curabilis est. For it signifieth that it comes from a movable humour, which sometimes is more, sometimes lesle in quantity: A deafness coming from a distemper of the brain is more easily cured, than that which comes from a proper disease of the ear. A certain woman of Delf, as Forestus reports, after a long disease fell deaf, which after sufficient purging abstained from Physic; at length she was persuaded by an old woman to put a grain or two of Musk into her ears with a little Cotton, and so doing she was wonderfully cured. Some Authors commend the water of an Ash, which is made by putting one end of a green Ash into the fire, and taking the water out of the other end; this is best when deafness comes of a hot cause: Mathiolus mixeth this water with juices, and commends it highly in these words: We know that the water which comes out of Ash, when it is burnt, mixed with the juice of Showbread, Squils, and Rue, in equal parts warmed together, to be excellent against deafness, if it be dropped into the sound ear when the Patient goeth to bed, and lieth upon that ear which is deaf; but when both ears are deaf, than into that which is least affected. Many I have cured of deafness, only by dropping into the ear the distilled water of Carduus Benedictus, the leaves thereof being twice infused in the glass vessel. Aunt's Eggs mixed with the juice of an Onion, and dropped into the Ear, do cure the oldest deafness, as Zechius saith. The Gall of a Hare is much commended, if it be used fresh, with an equal portion of the purest Honey, and warmed in the shell of an Onion. Si affectus contumacissimus propositis remediis non cedat, curari potest salivatione, usu mercurii dulcis curiosè administrati procuratâ quia Surditas ex lue venerea contracta ita curari solet. Vide supra, in capite de cancro corneae, versus finem. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu gravis auditus, is, when one cannot hear without much difficulty, nor understand what others say, except they speak very loud. Thick hearing, if it be not speedily cured, endeth in a perfect deafness. Plura de Surditate, & gravi auditu, vide in meo Enchiriaio Medico, lib. 3. cap. 15. Et etiam in meâ Scholâ Physicâ, Med. 107. CAP. XCIII. De Sonitu, seu Tinnitu Aurium. TInnitus, or ringing noise, is defined to be a preternatural sound in the ears made and perceived in the instrument of hearing, or else in the cavity of the Head-bone, arising from vapours, First shut up therein, and than moved. As to the Prognostic, a new begun noise in the head is easily cured, but an old hardly, and the more si à luë venerea ortum habet. Si in febribus sonitus aurium fiat ex spiritu vel humore frigido & crasso, sponte sonitus ille, absque medicamentorum usu, cessare solet. Pulsationes in capite, & sonitus aurium, haemorrhagiam narium significant. Diuturnus aurium tinnitus à materia pituitosa in aure contenta oriundus, in surditatem degenerate; for when the matter is increased, the passage of hearing is stopped. A certain Gentlewoman, 36 years of age, troubled with a ringing noise in her head, I thus helped: ℞ Extracti Rudii, ʒ ss. Calomelanos, gr. vi. resinae jalappae, gr. iv. misce, & f. pill. num. vi. they wrought very well, and did her much good: Next I commanded her to sneeze every third morning with a little of this powder; ℞ Pulveris sternutatorii, (descripti in meo Enchiridio Medico, p. 6.) ℈ ss. pulveris castorei, gr. three misce. Every night, for seven nights together, there was dropped into her ear two or three drops of Carduus water, twice distilled; after which, the ringing noise in her head was quite taken away, and returned not more. Plura de hoc affectu vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. cap. 14. Next follow the diseases, and symptoms of the nostrils. CAP. XCIV. De Narium ulcere, & Ozaena. ULcus narium, The Ulcer of the nostrils, is either new or simple, or old and stinking; this last is called Ozaena. The new Ulcer which is simple, either comes of external causes, ut vulnere, aut contusione, or else from internal, as the sharpness of humours, flowing to the part, ac praecipuè pituitae salsae à cerebro profluentis. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cometh from a simple ulcer neglected, or from the malignity and acrimony of the cause by which it becometh putrid and filthy. Ulcers that are new, and come from a gentle humour that hath little malignity, are easily cured: But old Ulcers that are sordid and putrid are hardly cured; but if they turn into a Cancer, never. Si à lieu venerea, aut Elephantiasi oriantur, curari non possunt, nisi affectus illi priùs auferantur. Plura de Ozaena vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib 3. cap. 17. Et etiam in meâ Scholâ Physicâ, Med. 241. CAP. XCV. De Sarcomate, & Polypo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is flesh growing in the nostrils without any certain shape, but like the proud flesh of an Ulcer. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a lose and soft excrescency of flesh, growng with small roots and strings, spreading and hanging down to the lower part of the nose, like the fish called Polypus, from whence it hath its name. A Sarcoma is easily cured, for the most part, but but Polypus hardly: But that which is soft, white, or read, or white and read, facilius curatur; durus verò ac lividus, difficillimè & periculum est, ne in cancrum degeneret: also that Polypus which groweth low, or in the middle of the nostril, is more curable than that which is rooted high, quoniam remedia ad eam partem vix possunt pertingere. Mercury Precipitate, which is read, is accounted the best medicine to consume proud flesh without pain, if it be often washed; Ille pulvis cum melle rosaceo permiscendus est, and applied with a tent. This Plaster following is of the same virtue to consume a Polypus without pain: ℞ Massae Emplastri de Mucilaginibus, ℥ ss. pulveris sabinae, ʒ two. Incorporate them, and put thereof into the nostrils, circa lunam decrescentem, for than the tumour is lesle. Plura de Polypo vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. cap. 19 CAP. XCVI. De Narium Foetore. FOetor narium, The stink of the nostrils, comes of foetid vapours either bred in the nostrils, as in Ozaena, Sarcoma, or Polypus; or sent thither from putrid humours contained in the forepart of the brain; or about the Processus mamillares, or os cribrosum. Foetor narium qui à corruptis humoribus in cerebri anteriori parte contentis exoritur, si recens fuerit, facile curatur; si inveteratus, incurabilis est: especially if it comes from a depression, and flatness of the nose. It is cured (after universal evacuations) by snuffing up white Wine (in quo centaurium minus, & calamentum incoctum fuerit) morning and evening from the Palm of the hand: And than by using, in like manner, the juice of Beers cum aqua majoranae extractus: To oppose the stink the following remedy is good: Cinnamomi, nucis moschatae, caryophillorum, ana. parts aequales; coq. in vino albo odorato, quod naribus excipiatur. CAP. XCVII. De Haemorrhagia narium. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, The Haemorrhage, is an immoderate excretion of the blood by the veins of the nose, the said veins being divided, rarified, or opened. Drops of blood upon the day of demonstration, namely, the fourth, or eleventh, showeth that there will be an Haemorrhagy upon the Critical day; namely, the seventh, or fourteenth, because in those days nature gins to transfer the humours to those parts. Sanguis è naribus die critico moderatâ quantitate fluens, salutaris. Haemorrhages that are very great are the worst, for they tend to a Convulsion. I● in bleeding, either doting or Convulsion hap, it is a very bad sign; Spasmus enim ex inanitione mortalis est. An Haemorrhagy in the beginning of a disease is evil, because it is symptomatical, and comes from the malignity of the matter, nature being stirred up to sand it forth before her time. It is also evil, if in the affects of the Liver it flow out of the left nostril, and in the affects of the Spleen, out of the right, quia omnis bona evacuatio 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 debet fieri) and especially if it be accompanied with a sweeting of the breast or head. A few drops coming from the nose, on the Critical day, are evil, naturae enim imbecillitatem, & malignitatem morbi significant. But a drop coming upon the day of indication, and signs of concoction also appearing, it signifies that there will be an Haemorrhagy upon the critical day, as I hinted before. If bleeding at the nose have continued long, swooning, weakness, and too much cooling of the liver, Cachexia or Dropsy is to be feared: To him who hath bled at the nose, in quartan Fevers, it is evil; for, as Avicen saith, bleeding in Melancholy and Phlegmatic people is hurtful, because it cooleth too much. It is a good sign, if the Patient by bleeding be eased of pain. A young Roman, as Galen reports, had an acute disease, and thought he saw a read serpent about the Chamber ceiling; at which being frighted, he leapt out of his bed: Hence Galen foretold an Haemorrhagy at hand, and hindered the letting of blood, which other Physicians had prescribed. Avicen saith, that blood hath come from the nose to the quantity of four pints by a Crisis, without any decay of strength; this might fall out in some plethoric body, such a one as the young Roman, whom Galen suffered to bleed four pints and a half before he would stop it. Filia mea, tres circiter annos nata, Haemorrhagia narium correpta, retenta fuit Bufonis exiccatae (quam semper mecum retineo) appropinquatione ad nasum. Et eodem modo Filium meum curavi, post sufficientem sanguinis evacuationem. Homo quidam Haemorrhagiâ narium laborans, cùm ad me venisset ut sublevaretur, venam statim atque habuit à me apertam; postque trium aut quatuor unciarum sanguinis evacuationem, in animi deliquium incidit, & statim Haemorrhagia narium penitus cessavit. A certain Gentleman was taken with so violent a bleeding at the nose, that he was much weakened thereby; for the stoppage whereof many Remedies being used, this alone did the cure; Viz. Vinegar and water frequently snuffed up into his nostrils, quo statim cohibitus est sanguinis fluxus. Which Flux breaking out again two days after, he used the Vinegar and Water after the same manner as before, and it was presently stopped. A Country man being almost dead with bleeding at his nose, a little vinegar of Roses was dropped into that ear which was next the nostril out of which the blood came, and his bleeding presently ceased. A certain Gentleman, having lost at lest twelve pound of blood from both nostrils, had two cupping glasses set upon his feet, without scarification, which wonderfully stopped the Flux; but after the cupping glasses had been a while fixed, the Patient fell into a swound; and therefore they took them of, and threw water in his face, by which he recovered; and than being refreshed with the scent of Wine he came to himself, and was restored to his former health, from his bleeding, beyond all expectation. A piece of money bound to the root of the nose (between the eyebrows when the veins or arteries in the forehead or temples do swell) stoppeth the Flux. And for the better compression, you may lay upon the money a pledget, dipped in the white of an Egg beaten with time. Pereda speaks of an old woman, that was cured of an Haemorrhagy of three days continuance, only by Mints put into the Nose. Rodericus à Castro, in his Book de morbis Mulierum, saith, that a Physician of seventy years old, given to violent bleeding, carried always Ass' dung not quite dry about him in a Box, than which, he confessed, he never knew a better medicine; especially, if when it was dry, he mixed it with the juice of a Nettle, or if wet, he put it alone into his Nose. Some use a Cataplasm, ex bolo armena, mixed cum ovi albumine & aceto, with very good success. Vinegar alone will stop blood, if the forehead be fomented therewith in a sponge. And so will the Cotton of an Inkhorn, if squeezed a little, and bound to the forehead. Plura de Haemorrhagià narium vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. cap. 18. Praeterca in periculosissimo casu (si permaximè debilis non sit aegrotus) cum nulla praevalent remedia, tria aut quatuor grana Laudani, cujus operatio cujuslibet fluxus humorumque motionis repressio est, adhibere potes. CAP. XCVIII. De Olfactus laesione. Olfactus' laesia, The hu●ting of the sense of smelling, is the abolition, or the diminution thereof, which differ only in degrees, and in the greatness of their causes. Olfactus laesio recens, & à simplici coryza genita, facilè curatur; inveterata verò, & à confirmata intemperie proveniens, difficile: That which comes from the ill shape of the nostrils is incurable. That that chief deserveth commendation in this malady, is the root of Gentian, fitly put up into the nostrils; Oleum Nigellae, rutae, majoranae, succini, & castorei. CAP. XCIX. De Coryza, seu Gravedine. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Gravedo, The Pose is a defluxion of the excrements of the brain being crude and thin like water) unto the nostrils, which is accompanied and attended with a frequent sternutation, or sneezing. Among all kinds of Catarrhs, that which is through the nose, levissima & tutissima est, ac citò curatur, si recens fuerit, & à causa externa concitare. Quae verò diuturna est, à contumaci cerebri intemperie oriunda, difficilè curatur. As also, when it proceeds of a hot distemper of the Liver, which sometimes causeth sharp and hot Catarrhs; by which the nose is often ulcerated, and ill-affected otherways. Authors do commend, for the removing of a Pose, the vapour of boiled Marjoram taken into the nose: The fume of Vinegar sprinkled upon a read hot Iron is good for the same; and the better si in aceto rosae rubrae prius infundantur: If the defluxion be very cold, dry fumigations of Nigella, Frankincense, and the like, thrown upon Emberss are very good: his enim frigida cerebri intemperies corrigitur, & superflua humiditas absumitur. CAP. C. De Sternutatione. STernutatio, Sneezing, is a violent and involuntary expulsion (by the nostrils) of the flatulent windy spirits, and sharp vapours offending the brain. It is most certain that neezing is sometimes so troublesome, that it requireth a Physician as we may read in Forestus, 127. lib. 10. in his History of a certain maid, which had so grievous a fit of sneezing, from a sharp Catarrh, that she had the advice of many Physicians. Hic affectus in principio Catarrhi, & Coryzae valdè nocet, because it keeps the humour from concoction by its motion. Sternutatio in febribus praecipuè malignis, salutem permittit: Neezing provoked with medicines is good against Apoplexies, and other great diseases of the brain: And if being provoked they do not sneez, it is a sign of death, for it signifieth that nature leaves to act. The little veins in the greater angle of the eyes, and that is nighest unto the nostrils, being forcibly pressed together, do forthwith stay and stop the frequency thereof: Also it is good to snuff up warm milk into the Nose, by which only remedy Forestus presently cured the maid mentioned formerly: Next follow the diseases and symptoms of the tongue. CAP. CI. De Linguae Tumore. Tumour Linguae, The Tumour or swelling of the tongue, ariseth either from a choleric blood flowing unto it, (and than for the most part an Inflammation is excited) or from a waterish (and than the tongue waxeth white) or else from a poisonous matter, as in the French disease. Forestus speaks of a Brewer that had a great Inflammation of his tongue, which came to suppuration and brake. Galen maketh mention of a certain man, whose tongue was so swollen by reason of Rheum which fell from his head, that he could not contain it in his mouth. The same Author reports, that he saw a tongue which grew exceeding great, absque ullo sensu doloris, neither would it pit, or yield to the singer, but it was a bore increase of the quantity of the tongue, which came by too much nourishment brought and converted into the substance of it. Tumours of the tongue, for the most part, do not endanger the life, unless they grow so big that they cause suffocation: Si linguae tumor sit durus, lividus, & ad cancri naturam ferè tendens, incurabilis est. A certain Gentlewoman being grievously afflicted with an inflammation of the tongue, in a burning Fever, was thus helped: First, there was taken away from the Cephalick vein four or five ounces of blood, although she had passed fourteen weeks of her time, being with child. The same day the following Gargarism was used. ℞ Aquae fontanae, lb. two. julepi rosarum, ℥ i ss. mellis mororum, ℥ vi. aceti rosacei, ℥ i olei vitrioli, q. s. ut acidus sit; with this she washed her mouth, which brought away much phlegm: Now and than the dry places were anointed with honey of Roses, and sometimes with Butter, and so she was cured. Galen cured a Patient of sixty years, whose tongue was very much inflamed, only by washing it with the juice of Lettuce, after purging. Zacutus Lusitanus, in a desperate case, when the tongue of his Patient grew to a wondered bigness, so that he feared suffocation, after emptying and re-velling medicines used in vain applied four Horsleeches to the tongue, and in a short time, after plentiful bleeding, it became thin and small, and the Patient escaped. The same Author declares, that he cured a child of ten years old, who had a tongue swollen by defluxion, so big that it could not be contained in his mouth (after revulsions by bleeding, cupping-glasses with scarification, and sharp Clysters) because the Tumour was soft and lose, only by profound scarification of the tongue; and after he commanded that it should be washed with Salt water, from whence there came such abundance of humours that the child presently recovered. A certain person, by reason of the too frequent use of Mercurial Unguents, had his tongue so swelled (from the violence of the Flux which followed thereupon) that it hung out of his mouth the breadth of four fingers: He continued in this condition by the space of four months, and his tongue being altered by the air was grown three fingers thick. Mr. Des Grands Prez, a most expert Physician of Greenoble, being sent for after bleeding, washing of the part, and a Seton fastened to the neck, took down the swelling thereof, chief by the use of a powder framed of Pepper, Ginger, Mustardseed, and parched Salt. CAP. CII. De Batracho, seu Ranula sub lingua. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is a swelling, in shape resembling a Frog, which now and than ariseth and groweth out under the tongue, out of that soft flesh on which the tongue lieth, and unto which it is tied and sastned as with a chain. Ranula recens, & pituitosa, facilè curatur; antiqua verò, & ab humore adusto, Chirurgia indiget. This disease in children sometimes threatneth suffocation by reason of the nearness of the Larynx to the rough Artery; in men, if they have pain and Fever there is danger, for it may turn to a Squinancy: Ranula sub lingua, si coloris obscuri fuerit, non irritabitur, ne cancerosa fiat. Forestus speaks of a Girl of twelve years of age, that was cured of a Ranula in two days space, with this only Medicine; ℞ Cortic. granat. hyssopi sicci, salis communis, ana, ʒ two. Fiat pulvis sub lingua detinendus, and frequently use it: To men, instead of common Salt, you may use Sal armoniac, quod magis penetrate & potentiùs dissolvit. Petrus Forestus used the forementioned powder to a Student; as also a decoction made of equal parts of Galls, Alum, and Pomegranate flowers; and lastly, he commanded the part to be rubbed with parched Salt, and Sal gem. and the Patient was cured without manual operation, quod rarissimè solet contingere. The same Author cured the like Tumour in a woman, by an Incision made on both sides, and after by washing with Vinegar and Water, mixed with a little Salt. Plura de Ranula sub lingua, vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib 3. cap. 29. CAP. CIII. De Linguae nigritie, cum scabrity & Scissuris. LInguae nigrities cum scabrity & scissuris, Blackness of the tongue with seat bedness and clefts, ariseth, for the most part, from hot and fiery vapours and exhalations, and this especially in burning Fevers. In omni morbo in quo lingua aduritur ferè semper malum praesagium est. Linguae nigrities cum pulsu frequenti, & parvo, mortem propinquam denotat. The heat, toughness, and dryness of the tongue in Fevers is to be mitigated by washing of the mouth cum aqua portulacae, rosarum, decocto hordei, cum exigua portione aceti; vel decocto violarum, lactucae, cum syrupo violarum & diamor. Item frustum Cucumeris super linguam applicatum commendatur. Ad Fissuras linguae efficit decoctum Hordei, Glycyrrhizae, Psylii, Sem. Cydoniorum, Passularum, ad spissitudinem, & utere. CAP. CIV. De Linguae Balbutie, Paralysi, & Aphonia. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Balbuties, & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu Blaesitas, Stammering and stuttering infested the party, either from drunkenness, or from an ill composure and frame of the tongue, or from the shortness, and excessive thickness thereof, or else from an immoderate dryness, or overgreat humidity and moisture. Galen, in his Comments, saith, That they who naturally stammer, have either a moist brain, or tongue, or both. And therefore stammerers are most subject to long Fluxes of the belly, as Hypocrates speaketh. Balbuties à nativitate contracta incurabilis est. But an accidentary stammering coming by reason of some great defluxion of Rheum upon the jaws and tongue may be cured by evacuation, revulsion, and derivation of the humours; as also by drying and strengthening the brain. Indeed the Remedies are the same with those for the Palsy. Paralysis, A Palsy happeneth either unto the whole tongue, or else only unto a part thereof, (whether the right or the left) either by the default of the Nerves or the Spirits. If a Palsy of the tongue follow an Apoplexy or Lethargy rarò & difficulter admodum curatur; especially if the Patient be well stricken in years. Ex confirmata Paralysi omnes obmutescunt. This Gargarism following is very much commended ad linguae paralysim. ℞ Rad, ireos Florent. ℥ ss. cubebarum, ʒ iii liquiritiàe, ℥ i Coquantur in aequis partibus aquae & vini albi, ad lib. i In colatura dissolve oxymelitis scillitici, ℥ two. Fiat gargarisma, & saepissimè utatur. If it work not strong enough, you may add two or three drachms of the decoction of Pellitory of Spain, or of Mustardseed. Vide supra in capite 31. de Paralysi, seu resolutione nervorum, versus finem. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, The Aphony, or speechlesness, ariseth either from a default and error in the natural formation thereof; or elf from the Palsy when it is consummated. Curatur ut Paralysis. CAP. CV. De Laesione Gustus. Gustus' laesio, The hurting of the taste, is than said to be, when it is either diminished, abolished, or depraved. The diminution and abolition of the taste happens by reason of a defect of the Animal spirit in the part, or a distemper of the third pair of nerves which come to the tongue. The taste is depraved when the tongue is infected with an evil humour; ut in febribus saepè contingit. Gustus laesio ab intemperie frigida & sicca difficiliùs curatur, quàm ab intemperie calida & humida: The hurting of the taste, if it continues long facultatem naturalem laedit; and in that condition the Patient alimenta discernere nequit. If the disease lie in the brain, or nerves, (which is known when there appears no change in the tongue) you may apply such Remedies as use to be prescribed for the cure of the Palsy. Cum verò à pravis humoribus gustus depravatur, commonly that symptom depends upon other diseases; which being cured, the symptoms also are removed. Moreover, a Radish root pickled in Salt, and chewed before supper, and the mouth afterwards washed with Wine, doth help very much. Next follow the diseases and symptoms of the lips. CAP. CVI De Labiorum Fissuris. FIssurae, Fissures or Clefts, are a solution of the continuity of the lips, by overmuch dryness and extension. Labiorum fissurae non planè negligendae. Nam si diu durent in ulcera crustosa, aliquando etiam cancerosa, degenerant. They are cured by correcting the dryness with those things that humectate and moisten, and by uniting of the dissolved union. For this purpose we prescribe that fat which distilleth out of those wooden spoons used in kitching, if they be put near unto the fire: And if the chaps or clefts be somewhat deep, adipe anserino & caponis illiniri debent. Si à frigore externo sit fissara, solo unguento pomato albo labia inungere sufsicit. CAP. CVII. De Labiorum Ulceribus. ULcera Labiorum, Ulcers of the lips, proceed from humours that are sharp, choleric, and serous or wheyish, either from adustion and putridness, or else from their admixture. Ulcers of the lips which are critically thrust forth in Fevers are a good sign for the most part, and signifies either the perfect solution, or else the diminution of the Fever; and those ulcers are easily cured of themselves, if they appear with signs of concoction. Si verò cum viribus diminutis sint, mortem minantur; as happened in the wife of Hermoptolemus: Difficiliora curatu sunt & Pejora, quae à morbo Gallico proveniunt. Si sine Febre & morbo Gallico ulcera oriantur, universalibus praemissis tale adhibeatur unguentum; ℞ Unguenti rosati Mesuae, ℥ i linimenti ex lithargyrio, ℥ ss. misce, in mortario plumbeo, & utere. You must note that Medicaments are most fitly and best of all administered about the time of the Patients sleeping. Permultos hoe sequenti linimento & julepo, curavi, ℞ Mellis rosati, ℥ i cerussae, ℈ two. vel sacchari saturni, ℈ i misce pro linimento, & utere. ℞ Aquae de fumoterrae, lb. i. Syrupi. è succo fumariae, ℥ two. misce, pro quatuor dosibus, manè & serò sumendis. CAP. CVIII. De Labiorum Tremore, & Perversione. TRemor labiorum, The trembling of the lips, proceeds either from external causes, to wit, cold, (cum dentium stridore,) wrath, or fear; or else from an internal cause, as from the weakening of the nerves in some extraordinary great affect of the brain, or in the nauseousness of the stomach, and propension to vomit; for when the lower lip trembles, unless it be from anger or fear, Vomitum plerumque praesagit, ut Galenus docet, libro de crisibus. Perversio labiorum, The▪ Perversion of the lips proceedeth from the affect of the Nerves of the third pair, there being than a Convulsion of the Muscles. In continual Fevers it is deadly, if the strength and powers of the body be extremely weakened: But if they be strong and vigorous, the actions thereof constant and uniform; and when the Metastasis (as they term it) or transferring of the critical matter unto the head be accomplished, it is than voided of all danger. Interdum etiam in febribus continuis livida fiunt labra; quod signum lethale est, & caloris nativi extinctionem significat. Curatio labiorum tremoris perficienda est secundùm ipsius causas. Quò vero ad labiorum perversionem, vide infra, capite III. de Tortura oris, seu distortione. We proceed next to the diseases and symptoms of the Face. CAP. CIX. De Oris Apertione, & Hiatu. ORis Apertio, The opening of the mouth, is, when that bone that by nature aught to have been shut is not yet shut; either by reason of some tumours arising near about the conjuncture of the jawbone, (ut in inflammationibus maxillae & tonsillarum accidere solet) or else by reason of some filthy humour gotten into that juncture, and there deeply inserted. Oris Hiatus, The gaping of the mouth, is than when the mouth that by nature (one lip falling down, and resting upon the other) aught to have been shut, gapeth; either from an ill custom, or from the obstruction of the nostrils, that so more store of air may be attracted, vel à luxatione inferioris maxillae, vel à laesa in Lethargo memoria, or else from the ascending up of extreme hot vapours in Fevers; and than, if there be pains of the jaws (without any swelling) that seem as though they would suffocate and strangle the party, the mind's disturbance and alienation is than portended, and threatened. Utriusque curationes pendent à causarum, à quibus haec vitia proveniunt, remotione. CAP. CX. De Oris Oscitatione. OScitatio, Oscitation or yawning is a vehement distension of the mouth, by halituous and windy vapours gathered together, in the spaces of the Muscles of the nether-jaw-bone, and of the cheeks, and extimulating or provoking the excretive faculty to do its office by excretion. Oscitation if frequent without occasion, presageth diseases, and is in very deed the praeludium of Fevers: If yawning hap to a woman in travel, it is accounted a deadly sign. Avicennas contra oscitationem masticationem acori commendat. Vinum etiam cum pari portione aquae aptissimum est. CAP. CXI. De Oris Tortura, seu Distortione. TOrtura oris, The writhing of the mouth is a distension thereof, proceeding either from the muscles of the face, or the nerves of the third and fift Conjugation, or those which descend from the first and principal vertebrae of the neck. Tortura oris, quae ultra sex menses producitur, aut nunquam, aut difficulter curatur, teste Avicenna. If this unseemly affect hath no consent or agreement, the cure is so much the easier. Quae per spasmum sit tortura oris, in morbis acutis, lethalis est, teste Rhase. A certain Gentlewoman vexed with the Convulsion of the mouth, was thus helped: ℞ Pillularum aurearum, ℈ i pill. de succino, ʒ ss. f. pill. num. v. These she took when she went to bed, the same night her neck was anointed with Oil of Sassafras; in the morning she took ʒ ss. of Pil. Ruffi; and again the said Oil was used with Aqua vitae, the Oil being wanting, the following was used with most happy success: ℞ Unguenti martiat. magn. ℥ i olei laurini, petrolei, castorei, terebinthinae, ana, ʒ ss. olei de Lateribus, ʒ i misce. But first, the neck was fomented with Aquavitae, in which was infused Nutmegs, Cinnamon, Cloves, Pepper, & theriaca Andromachi; she eat Nutmegs often; to the nostrils and top of the head was used oil of Amber: She chewed on the sound side Pellitory of Spain, and was often purged with the following Pills: ℞ Pillularum foetidarum, ℈ i castorei pulv. ʒ ss. pill. Ruffi, & de succino, ana, ʒ i f. pill. num. vi. and thus she was cured beyond all expectation. Another Gentlewoman afflicted with Tortura oris, was helped chief by the use of this Unguent; Unguenti martiat. ℥ ss. olei sassafr. & succini, ana, gut. v. misce. with which her neck was often anointed. Gaergarismus etiam ex ruta, salvia & stoechade, commendatur. Plura de Tortura oris vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. cap. 3. CAP. CXII. De Ptyalismo, seu Crebra sputatione. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, A Ptyalism, is a frequent and involuntary spitting and spawling, without any cough, or retching, proceeding from a superfluity and overgreat store of spittle. A Ptyalism sometimes preserves from great diseases, imo magnos morbos tollit. And we have observed that some have been cured of an acute Fever by much spitting. Resina jalappae optimum est remedium, ut multoties experientiâ comprobatum fuit; a dry diet doth also help very much. Quidam decoctione ex foliis plantaginis, myrti, alumine & balaustia composita, utuntur; which is only to be kept and contained in the mouth, and not to be gargarized therewith, jest that thereby more phlegm be attracted, and drawn unto the superfluous spittle. Si tamen critica sit evacuatio, fluxus ille impediendus non est: Next follow the Affects of the mouth. CAP. CXIII. De Oris Ulceribus, & Aphthis. ULcera oris, Ulcers of the mouth, arise from sharp humours, or vapours, à variis partibus in fauces translatis. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, The Aphthaes, are certain small, but hot and fiery exulcerations in the highest part or superficies of the mouth, arising in children, for the most part, à lactis acrimoniâ quae os exulcerat. Those Ulcers which come of phlegm are least dangerous; those that come of blood, or choler, more; and those that come of melancholy most of all: The mouth ulcerated in a Fever is hard to cure, quia humoris erodentis malitiam indicant. Ulcera nigra & crustosa pessima & lethalia sunt, praecipuè in pueris. Mouth-waters made of Plantain, Honeysuckle, and read Roses, cum syrupo de moris, & de rosis siccis, are here chief commended, if the ulcerated mouth be inflamed; but it there be no Inflammation, unicum ac summum remedium est spiritus vitrioli, aut sulphuris, which may be used alone, to men, upon a little Lint at the end of a stick, gently touching the part, by which it will be presently cured, if it be a simple Aphtha, In pueris verò permiscetur dictus spiritus cum melle rosaceo, so that it may be a little sharp, and with a little lint at the end of a Probe often apply it, & citò curantur: But first it will be convenient to wash the child's mouth with Chalybeated milk, mixed with conserve of Roses. A child four years old was cured with one grain of Laudanum, when his jaws and tongue were deeply ulcerated with such an inflammation that he could neither take broth, nor topics, the humours flowing so fast from his mouth, that he lay night and day complaining without any rest. A certain person after the use of Mercurial Unguents, had his mouth so inflamed, that he was almost desperate, which inflammation, all other remedies being tried in vain, was healed only with Chicken-broth made without so much as any Herbs in it; the virulency of the Quicksilver being mitigated, as was supposed, by the benign and debonair substance of the Chicken. Plura de Aphthis vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. cap. 21. Et etiam in meâ Scholâ Physicâ, Med. 112. CAP. CXIV. De Oris Foetore. FOetor oris, The stinking of the mouth, is the offensive unsavoriness of the breathing, proceeding and arising from a foetid and stinking vapour passing out of the mouth. Foetor oris ob dentes corrosoes, vel gingivas exulceratas, per extractionem dentium, & gingivarum consolidationem removeri solet. Si Anhelitus foeteat in tabidis, ut plurimùm laethale signum est. If the breath stink by reason of corrupt humours in the stomach, eos humores aloëticis optimè evacuantur. Also Cloves, Nutmeg, the root of Angelica, Cinnamon, seeds of Fennel, etc. are to be held and kept in the mouth. Vide plura de hoc affectu, in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. cap. 20. We proceed next to the diseases and symptoms of the Teeth. CAP. CXV. De Dentium Corrosione. COrrosio dentium, The Corrosion of the Teeth, is a diminution of their magnitude, from causes that eat through them, so that they are broken, fall forth by piece meal, the said diminution or corrosion, now and than, producing Fistulaes'. Now the teeth are corroded or eaten in by an acride and thin humour penetrating by a plenteous and frequent defluxion even to their roots, and being there contained, it putrifies; and becoming more acrid, it doth not only draw the teeth into the contagion of its putrefaction, but also perforates and corrodes them; the putrefaction may be corrected, if after general medicines, you put oil of Vitriol into the hole of the eaten tooth; or else, if you burn the tooth itself to the root with a small iron Wier, being read hot; you may thrust this hot Iron through a pipe or cane made for the same purpose, jest it should harm any sound part by the touch thereof; and thus the putrefaction, the cause of the erosion, may be stayed. Moreover, corruption may be carefully prevented by cleansing of the teeth (with a penknife) from meats that stick betwixt them; and likewise by washing the mouth with Wine: Also here are commended the little round balls of Trallianus, ex opii Thebaici, ℈ i myrrhae, styracis calam. ana, ʒ ss. Piperis albi, croci, galbani, ana, ʒ i cum melle scillitico conformati, & denti inserti. Worms breeding by putrefaction in the roots of the teeth may be killed by the use of Caustics, by Garglings or Lotions made of Vinegar, wherein either Pellitory of Spain hath been steeped, or Treacle dissolved; for the same purpose Aloes and Garlic are good to be used. A Fistula is hardly to be cured, unless that the tooth be wholly pulled out by the roots: For although the corrupt and rotten filth which insensibly distils by little and little (& qui interdum in os cum foetore influit) may by the use of Medicines seem to be removed, and the Fistula cured, yet it will soon break out again: But now that the tooth may be the better drawn forth, it may be well rubbed with the fat of green Frogs living in trees. Petrus Pachequus was want to fill hollow teeth with Turpentine, and than to burn them with a red-hot iron, which succeeded very happily. CAP. CXVI. De Dentium Mobilitate. DEntium Mobilitas, The Mobility of the teeth, is the weak and infirm standing of them, proceeding from the proper causes thereof; upon which said vacillation or infirmness, the falling forth of them doth oftentimes ensue. Looseness of the teeth happening through defect of Aliment (as in old people whose gums decay) can never be cured; Modicè tamen astringentibus agendum est. If the teeth grow lose by means of the Scurvy, the disease is than the more easily cured. If they become lose by a fall or blow, they must not be taken forth, but restored and fastened to the next that remain firm, for in time they will be confirmed in their sockets, as Paraeus tried in one Anthony de la Rue a Tailor, who had his jaw broken with the Pummel of a Dagger, and three of his teeth loosened, and almost shaken out of their sockets; the jaw being restored the teeth were also put in their places, and bound to the rest with a double waxed-thread; for the rest he commanded the Patient neither to speak too earnestly, nor to chaw hard things, but to feed on Broths, jellies, and the like; and he made astringent Gargarisms of Cypress nuts, Myrtle-Berries, and a little Alum boiled in Oxycrate, and wished the Patient to hold it a good while in his mouth; by these means he brought it so to pass, that the Tailor within a while after could chaw as easily upon those teeth, as upon the other. Plura de Dentium mobilitate vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. cap. 23. Hitherto of the diseases of the teeth; next of the Symptoms. CAP. CXVII. De Odontalgia, seu Dentium dolore. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is a sad and grievous sense of pain in the teeth, proceeding from the solution of continuity in them by reason of humours. The Prognostic is divers, according to the variety of causes: For that pain which comes from a hot, thin, watery, sharp, and salt humour, is more violent, but sooner at an end. Qui vero ab humore frigido & pituitoso excitatur, mitior est, sed multo diuturnior. There is good hope of cure if there be a kind of pus or purulent matter gathered together in the ear. A Tumour also arising in the gums or jaws takes away the pain of the teeth: Dolores dentium intentissimi aliquando ad syncopen, Interdum ad Epilepsiam aegrum deducere solent. Uxor Domini Lemon, Castoriensis, dolore dentium à seroso humore procedente maximè turbata, habuit, remotionis causa, hoc sequens medicamentum: ℞ Calomelanos, gr. xv. resinae jalappae, gr. viij. conservae rosarum rubr. ʒ i ss. misce. It purged her so effectually that the pain went away in the working, and returned not more: It is a most incomparable remedy wherewith I have helped a great number of people of the pain of the teeth, and other diseases arising from serous humours. Indeed the words of Carolus Piso first moved me to make trial of it in pains of the teeth; for he reports, that himself being troubled with the toothache for many days, half an hour after he had taken a purging medicine, vomited up above a pint of clear water, with such success, that for ten years after he was never troubled with it. By which experience, he always prescribed medicines that purge water to them who were so troubled, and with very good success. Moreover, He striveth to prove that it comes from this cause, by this sign, because they who have the toothache, do continually spit. Domina Thompson, annos circiter 25. nata, vehementi dentium dolore à tenui sed calido humore emanante laborans sic levata fuit. ℞ Laudani opiate, gr. iv. lapidis bezoardici orientalis, gr. i f. pill. She took it in a little conserve of read Roses at her entrance into bed; it procured rest, quite removed the pain, and so prevented a Fever, and other symptoms, which I exceedingly feared. Samuel Formius, a most experienced Chirurgeon of Montpelier, declares, that he hath freed an infinite company of people from the toothache, by putting a little Cotton-Wool wet in oil of Box wood, into their hollow tooth: This oil is drawn in a Retort, with a reverberating heat; first, infusing the dust thereof in white-Wine twenty four hours, and than stilling all together: First, there comes away an acid water, which doth good in the toothache, only by washing the teeth therewith; after that comes the oil, which is to be diligently preserved. Gabriel Hardvinus reports, that he hath seen the toothache cured with salt of Ash-wood, with which a woman's Thimble, or some such implement is filled, and applied to the artery of the temple where the Pulsation is felt; and within a short time it makes a knot in the Artery, whereby the Flux is intercepted. A certain Lady cruelly tormented with the toothache, proceeding chief from a Scorbutic humour, was helped by the use of the following prescription: ℞ Aquae cochleariae, ℥ vi. aquae rosarum rubr. plantaginis, ana, ℥ iii mellis rosacei, mellis morum, ana, ℥ i spirit. vitrioli, q. s. ut acidum sit remedium. Of this she took in her mouth, which freed her from the toothache, and took down the swelling of her gums, which were filled with black blood. A certain Nobleman was cruelly vexed with pain of his teeth, and very much molested with the swelling of his gums, which was removed by the following Remedies: ℞ Pil. de succino Cratonis, ʒ iii f. pill. num. 18. Of these he took three every morning and night for three days, which purged very well. This Gargarism was used: ℞ Decocti cortic. guaiaci, decocti Hordei, ana, ℥ iv. syrupi mororum, mellis rosacei, ana, ℥ two. spirit. vitrioli, ut acidus sit, In this also there was often in a day a piece of Sponge wet, and applied to the pained gums: by these medicines he was delivered from all his symptoms: The second day he could eat meat, and the third day he was perfectly healed. Formius tells us, that he hath happily used this following medicament. ℞ Sem. plantaginis, ʒ two. tormentillae, ʒ iii rad. hyoscyami albi, ℈ iv. omnia exsiccata redigantur in pulverem subtillissimum, addendo opii granum unum, includantur in nodulis, qui macerentur in decocto sequenti. ℞ Flor. sambuci, m. i rosarum rubr. p. two. Bulliant in aceto ad usum supradictum. These Nodules being steeped in the said decoction are peeled and gently pressed between the teeth, and within a while much moisture flows out of their mouth, and the pain is taken away. Simeon Jacoz, a most expert Physician, exceedingly tormented with the toothache, and a troublesome Ptyalism, took eight grains of Resina benedicta, with which being very well and gently purged, he voided in great quantity the superfluous serosity in seven stools, and the day following he found himself free from the foresaid pains and troublesome spittings: But not long after the pain of his teeth, and Ptyalism returned, which went away within twenty four hours, upon his taking the foresaid Medicine, and so he was perfectly cured. Permultos curavi dentium dolore laborantes usu Apophlegmatismi descripti supra capite 16. de Vertigine. A decoction of the roots of the great Nettle, with a little Nutmeg and Saffion, made, in equal parts, of Wine and Vinegar, and held warm in the mouth, doth wonderfully draw the humours forth; but, at first, the pain will seem to increase; but afterwards it will be mitigated, and cease. A Country man troubled with the toothache was persuaded by another, to rub his tooth with a leaf or two of Elleboraster; he unwittingly rubbed all the teeth on that side, and presently almost all his teeth fell out: Therefore if any will try this medicine, let him first defend the other teeth with soft Wax. In a cold Defluxion, the juice of Garlic, mixed with Treacle, and dropped warm into the ear, on the same side, doth wonderfully assuage the pain of the teeth. A Nettle bruised and laid to the jaw, doth quickly assuage the pain, when it is swelled. Many Topics made of Narcoticks are in use; but these two following are the best: ℞ Opii, myrrhae, & ladani, ana. ʒ i Pulverizentur, & cum vino albo decoquantur in formam linimenti, which put with Lint into the tooth. The other is, the Emplaster of Riverius, chief Physician to Henry the great; It is thus made: ℞ Nucum cupressi, rosarum rubr. seminis nasturtii torrefacti, Mastiches, terrae sigillatae, ana, ℥ i ss. Macerentur in aceto rosaceo per horas 24. postea siccentur, & add opii in aqua vitae dissoluti, ʒ iii picis navalis, colophoniae, ana, ʒ i cerae flavae in oleis expressis, seminum hyoscyami & papaveris. albi, liquatae, q. s. Fiat Emplastrum; apply it to the Arteries, and the part affected with pain. A certain Gentlewoman of a choleric Complexion, being seven months gone with child, and recovered newly of an acute disease, was taken with so fierce a toothache, that all remedies being tried in vain, she lay many days and nights without rest, crying out and weeping▪ At last (when as she was brought almost to desperation) there was given her four grains of Laudanum; which having taken with a little Confectio de Hyacintho, after a quarter of an hour, she fell into a quiet sleep for some hours, and being awaked, and voided of pain, she passed the rest of her childing time without any grief. CAP. CXVIII. De Dentium Stridore, & Stupore. STridor dentium, The grinding or crashing noise of the teeth, proceedeth either from Worms, the Brain being affected by consent, or from the imbecility of the jawbone, Muscles produced and caused by cold, vel à vaporum multitudine, ut in paroxysmorum principiis. Grinding of the teeth is want to threaten the Apoplexy, or Epilesie, and likewise, in Fevers, the deliry or dotage; (in such especially as are not accustomed thereunto) in case this doting went not before the Fever. Hypocrates puts the Stridor or crashing of the teeth, amongst the signs of conception. The cure of it must not be directed to the Stridor itself, but to the causes. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, seu stupor dentium, The astonishment of the teeth, happens for the most from the sourness either of meats, or of the humours, or else of the Fumes and Vapours, which frequently befalleth those that are Hypochondriacal. It is cured and taken away by chewing of Wax, hot Bread bitter Almonds, Liquorice-Roots, etc. Rhases etiam dentes sale affricare jubet. Confert & frequens oris collutio cum vino calido vel decocto salviae. CAP. CXIX. De Dentium Nigredine. DEntium Nigredo, Blackness of the teeth, proceedeth from filthy vapours that fly upwards, and are engendered of evil nourishment, or from the distemper of the stomach, which corrupteth good nutriment. Quò ad dealbationem, mundationem, preservationemque dentium ab omni sorditie, Spiritus sulphuris aut vitrioli maximé ab omnibus commendatur. Montanus' reports, that he learned that at Rome, of a Woman called Greek Mary: to whom when he came when he was young, and she twenty years old, and after when she was fifty, he found her almost in the same condition, and she confessed that her beauty and strength was preserved by the Spirit of Vitriol, and that her teeth which were very bad in her youth, were by that made very fair and firm, and also her gums; and also that she perceived herself by the use thereof to seem more youthful, and she used every day one drop or two to rub gently her teeth and gums. In a great foulness you may use the oils by themselves, dipping therein a little stick, and rubbing the teeth with the end thereof, and than wiping them with a clout; otherwise you must mix them with Honey of Roses, or fair water, ne usu frequenti gingivas erodat. Cinis Nicotianae ad dentes abstergendos & de-albandos est etiam mirè efficax. It is observable, that those Women which use Mercury to make them fair, have always black and ill-coloured teeth. Next follow the Affects of the Gums. CAP. CXX. De Gingivarum excrescentia, & Epulide. EXcrescentia gingivarum, The Excrescence of the gums, is sometimes so great by reason of their spongy rarity, and looseness, caused by the abundant afflux of blood, that the teeth (and especially the grinders, or Molares) are quite covered over. In the cure we are to use Astringents, to wit, Alum burnt, Shall Ammoniack, Mastic, Frankincense, all of them reduced and made into a very fine flour, in case there be no putrefaction present; but if there be, than this that followeth is singularly useful: Take Powder of the leaves of Celandine, Sage, crisped Mints, of each half an ounce, Alum burned one ounce, the purest Honey four ounces: Let the Honey be throughly freed from its scum by the fire, and than when it is scummed, while it is yet hot, let the Powders be sprinkled thereinto; and make a Lineament, for the anointing of the teeth therewithal. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a little piece of flesh that stands out, and hangs forth of the Gums. Vitriol often sprinkled thereon doth help very much. Plura etiam de Epulide vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. cap. 24. CAP. CXXI. De Parulide, seu Gingivarum inflammatione. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is an inflammation of the Gums, extending itself inwardly unto the root of the teeth, and outwardly so sticking out, that even the near neighbouring parts are likewise distended, grow hot, and become read. Inflammatio gingivaram nisi statim reprimatur, in Apostema abit: sometimes this evil doth turn into a long lasting ulcer; yea, now and than into a Fistula. Hoc malum etiam saepe in Cancrum incurabilem degenerate, ubi materia melancholica, sicca, & adusta fuerit. If the inflammation of the Gums do turn into a gangrene, it is for the most part an incurable evil. Quando Apostema est in Gingivarum superficie citiùs rumpitur & curatur. The way and method of curing this Inflammation Parulis, is one and the same with that in all the other Inflammations. CAP. CXXII. De Gingivarum erosione, & exulceratione. ERosio gingivarum, & exulceratio, Erosion and exulceration of the gums, happeneth either from Worms, or from the corrupt humours which 'cause them, vel ab humoribus acribus. & erodentibus, à eerebro, aut ventriculo, aut liene, ad eas partes confluentibus. Fabricius Hildanus saith, That the Son of a Citizen of Dusseldorp was long troubled with erosion of the gums, and died, after the use of many internal Medicines and Topics: and when he was opened there was found abundance of Worms which had eaten through his guts, and many in his stomach. This water following is very much commended in the erosion of the gums: Take of unripe Galls, A corn cups, and Flowers of Pomegranates, of each an ounce: Read Roses one Pugil, Alum three drachms: Boil them in two parts of Frog-water, and one part of old read Wine, and wash the gums often therewith. The Spirit of Vitriol and Sulphur, as they cleanse and whiten the teeth, so they take away the rottenness of the gums, either alone, vel cum aqua, aut melle rosaceo permixtus, ut supra capite de dentium nigredine dictum est. If the Ulcer be deep and foul, you may anoint with this: Myrrhae Elecctae, & sacchari candi, ana, parts aequales. Pulverizentur, iisque impleatur album ovi ad duritiem coctum, & per medium sectum; than tie it with a thread, and hung it in a Wine-Cellar with a glass under it, and there will come forth a Liquor or Balsam, with which anoint often: But if by the use of the aforesaid, the disease be not cured, if the tooth near the Ulcer be rotten, you must pull it out, and than it will be presently cured. CAP. CXXIII. De Fluxu Sanguinis ex gingivis. FLuxus sanguinis ex gingivis, The Flux of Blood from the gums, is, when it either critically or symptomatically breaks forth. Zacutus Lusitanus speaks of a Goldsmith, who when he fell into a Fever by labouring at the Furnace, being of a strong constitution, lost much blood by opening a vein, and amended, so that the seventh day (having had an itching of his gums, and a pain in the lower lip) the blood gushed from the veins of his lower gums for three days in such quantity, that he lost above three pints more; and the more he bled, the more his Fever abated, and when it was gone, the blood stopped. Dodonaeus reports, that a certain Quarrier, having the small Pox, had a Flux of Blood from his gums, and being stopped, it made the Urine bloody, which being stopped, it returned again to the gums, and there continued till he recovered. The Gums bleed Symptomatically, when the blood is sharp, and the Liver or Spleen distempered; Sic in Scorbuto familiaris est hujusmodi sanguinis è gingivis effluxus. If it come from a tooth drawn, after revulsion by blood-letting, you may apply to the part a Cataplasm of Bole Armoniac, Terra Sigillata, Sanguis Draconis, and the like Astringents made up with the white of an Egg. If that do not suffice, you may lay the Patient's finger upon the part, and let him hold it there till the blood congeal above the orifice of the Artery. Zacutus Lusitanus relates a History of one who having a grievous tooth that ached, drew it violently forth, and after had a great Flux of blood, from the Artery torn, which when it could not be stopped by blood-letting, cupping, and Astringents, nor by laying on the finger, nor by burnt Vitriol, at last by his advice the place was filled with Gum Arabic, which stopped it in three hours' space, for it hath power to stop, cool glutinate, and dry. A certain strong Soldier, who after great pain violently drew forth a tooth, and bled much from the Artery under the tooth, for two days; the best Physicians use all Astringents to the part, with Revulsives, and burn the Artery with a hot Iron, but all in vain, for he bled still even unto death: Zacutus being called, applied the Plaster of Galen, made of Frankincense, Aloes, the hairs of an Hare powdered, and mixed with the white of an Egg, by which in a few hours the blood stopped, and the Patient recovered. Next follows the Affects of the jawbones. CAP. CXXIV. De Maxillae inferioris Immobilitate. MAxillae inferioris Immobilitas, The Immobility, or the unmoveableness of the Neither jawbone happeneth either by reason of some luxation (when it is put out of joint) or from a Coalition, or growing together of the said Jawbone with the head; or else by reason of a Distillation derived from the crown of the head, which floweth into the joint thereof at the root of the ear, there following upon the same a pain, and likewise a hard and conspicuous swelling: And hitherto appertaineth scorbutical rigidness and stiffness of the Jawbones. Curatio pendet à caussarum remotione, à quibus hoc vitium provenit. Vide etiam suprae, capite 109. De oris Apertione & Hiatu. CAP. CXXV. De Maxillae inferioris Luxatione. MAxillae inferioris Luxatio, The Luxation (or disjointing) of the jawbone is, the rare but dangerous depulsion, and forcing of the same (either in the one only part, and than the mouth is writhed, the Dog-teeths standing directly under the incisorii or cutters; or else in both parts thereof, and than the ranks or rows of the teeth answer, and fall in one with the other, and the lower jawbone can by no means be joined close with the upper, (but this standeth out further than that) unto the foremost parts: from whence proceedeth pain, an Inflammation, an acute Fever, and griping pains of the Stomach. As to the Prognostic; If the luxated jawbone be not restored to its place, it than threatneth danger of death about the tenth day, with a continual Fever accompanying it, as also an irresistible necessity of sleeping: And therefore the Cure is to be taken in hand with all possible speed, jest also that the affected Muscles (which draw upward the jawbone, and also the Nerves inserted into the said Muscles) should likewise draw the brain into a consent and agreement with them. Yet the luxation of one side of the jawbone is not so dangerous in its restitution, as that which happeneth on both: Practitioners affirm, that the jaw, twelve days after it is set, is free from the danger of relapse. Quo ad curationem vide Paraeum, lib. 16. cap. 8, 9, 10. Et etiam Hippocratem, 2. de articulis, Et Galenum in eundem locum commentantem. Next follow the Affects of the Columella, or Uuula. CAP. CXXVI. De Uuulae, seu Columellae Relaxatione. UVulae, seu Columellae Relaxatio, The Relaxation of the Uuula, or Columella, is the preternatural swelling, or extension thereof, (without any inflammation, redness, or pain) arising for the most part from a Phlegmatic or waterish humour, transmitted from the Brain to that part, and there extending it ofttimes into an extraordinary length, even the upper part of the Oesophagus, or Weazand; whence follows a nauseousness and difficulty of swallowing, with a troublesome Titillation or tickling. This disease in the beginning is easily helped; but if it continued long it will hardly be cured, by any other means than chirurgery. That which is here of singular benefit is, a new laid Egg, boiled unto a hardness, cut through the midst, and for some hours applied to the crown of the head: Pulvis ex aluminis usti, ʒ two. rosarum rubr. ballast. corticis granat. ana, dr. s. rad. bistortae, tormentillae, gallarum immaturarum, ireos Florent. ana, dr. s. Compositus, & post adstringentis gargarismi usum insufflatus. As touching manual operation or section, which is the last remedy; We have an example of the good success thereof in Amatus Lusitanus, Obs. 65. Cent. 3. who had his Uuula hung down like a thong, long, and without blood in it; which when Medicines could not cure, he cut of, and after touching the part with a little Spirit of Vitriol, he cured the Patient. And so you see that if the Uuula be long and white, or, as Hypocrates saith, small at the top, it may than be safely cut of: But take heed you cut cut of too much, for than the voice and breathing will be hurt. Plura de Columella relaxata vide in meo Enchiridio Med. lib. 3. cap. 26. CAP. CXXVII. De Columellae Inflammatione. COlumellae Inflammatio, The Inflammation of the Columella, (or Pin, as some call it) is the rising, or swelling of the same, from a choleric blood fallen down into it, with a redness, burning heat, pain, danger of suffocation, and sometimes also with a Fever. Galen saith, That an Uuula inflamed is not to be cut of, or scarified; but after the Inflammation is gone, and the superior part lessened. So saith Hypocrates, when the Wula hangs down, and the lower part of it is greater than the higher, and round, than it is safe to operate after the administering of a Clyster. But if it be read and swollen it cannot be cut, scarified, or burnt without danger, for a greater Inflammation will follow, as also a Flux of blood; therefore you must endeavour, as he saith, to extenuate these accidents by other means at that time. Paulus Aegineta will not have us to touch the Uuula with an Iron to cut it, when it is livid or blackish, that is, when it hath malignity in it, and inclineth to be a Cancer. Plura de hac aegritudine vide in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. cap. 25. It is cured after the same manner as are other Inflammations. Next follow the Affects of the Tonsils, or Almonds. CAP. CXXVIII. De Tonsillarum, seu Amygdalarum Inflammatione. TOnsillarum, seu Amydgdalarum Inflammatio, The Inflammation of the Tonsils, or Almonds, is a rising or swelling up of them, produced by the afflux of humours. Tonsillarum Inflammatio morbus acutus est, & saepe suffocationis periculum minatur. Tonsillae in febribus denigratae & arefactae mortem imminere portendunt. Tonsillarum inflammatio, & tumour, vel resolvitur, vel suppuratur, vel induratur; & si in Scirrhum degenerat rarò aut nunquam sanatur. Curatur ad modum aliarum Inflammationum, Vide plura de hoc affectu, in meo Enchiridio Medico, lib. 3. cap. 28. A certain Gentlewoman was taken with so great an Inflammation of the Almonds, and her tongue was so infected with many small Ulcers arising from a copious defluxion of a very sharp serous matter, that she could not speak, or sip a little broth, without much difficulty. The Malady continuing after she had been four times let blood, there was given her six grains of Resina jalappae in a soft Egg, whereby she was gently and largely purged, and the day after, she began to eat and speak freely. CAP. CXXIX. De Malignis Tonsillarum Ulceribus. MAligna tonsillarum Ulcera, The Malignant Ulcers of the Tonsils proceed either from some Salt Distillation eating through those parts, or from a Pestilential air, or else from some vaporous exhalation which happeneth in the Venereal or Neapolitan disease. Amongst the Ulcers of the Tonsils some are familiar and mild, quae sunt exigua, munda, non altè descendentia, nec inflammata, nec dolorem excitantia. Others are malignant and pestilential, being broad, hollow, nasty and filthy, by reason of some congealed humour, that is either white, or black, or livid: and if those congealed impurities descend deeper, than they produce an Eschar or crustiness; quod si in pectus per trachaeam penetrant, they than strangle the party the very selfsame day. Tonsillarum Ulcera sine febre securiora sunt. The Cure may be fetched from above, either out of the 122 Chapter, De Gingivarum erosione & exulceratione; or else out of the 113th De Oris Ulceribus & Aphthis. Μόνω σοφῶ Θεῶ, σωτῆρι ἡμῶν, δόξα καὶ μεγαλωσύνη, κράτος, και ἐξουσία, καὶ νῦν καὶ εὶς πάντας τοὺς ἀιῶνας. FINIS.