THE Longitude not found: OR, AN ANSWER TO A TREATISE, Written By Henry Bond Senior, showing a way to find the LONGITUDE BY THE Magnetical Inclinatory NEEDLE. WHEREIN Is proved, That the LONGITUDE is not, nor cannot be found by the Magnetical Inclinatory NEEDLE. By Peter Blackborrow, Gent. Licenced March 14. 1677/ 8. Ro. L'Estrange. LONDON, Printed for Robert Harford, at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhill, near the Royal Exchange. 1678. THE PREFACE. WHen I first met with Mr. Bond's Book, I was in good hope to have found the Work answerable to the Title, the Author being reputed (not without desert) skilful in Mathematical Learning: But when I found his Doctrine want Demonstration, (an Excellency in the Mathematics above all other Sciences Inseparable, for what is Truth therein, may always be demonstrated to be so) I began to doubt that (instead of so useful a Discourse, as he pretended to) he might not only be deceived himself, but might also misled others in the search thereof. This made me take upon me the Examination of the Work, which I profess to have done with that care and integrity, which is necessary in such an Undertaking: And I do unfeignedly declare, that I am sorry (for the Author's sake) to find his Propositions unsound, and his Examples incertain. But let Truth be always True, the whole Foundation of his Work is only an Airy Imagination, and the Superstructure is made up of false Suppositions, and impossible Conclusions. A short Prospect whereof I have inserted here (for instant sake) from his own Examples, leaving the fuller Demonstration thereof to the ensuing Treatise. First, the Author pretends, that the Magnetical Poles are distant from the Poles of the Earth, by an Obliqne Angle; which Angle is proved to be a false supposition, and cannot be demonstrated upon the Globe. But if it should be granted him, that the Magnetic Pole were 8 d. 30 m. from the Pole of the Earth, in the year 1580. then it is proved that the Magnetical Poles are found to be so by the Variation that was at Vaygats, and London in the year 1580. So that the Magnetical Pole must be as various as the Variation; in regard it cannot be found without it. Then the Caroline Table being Calculated by the distance of the Magnetical Poles, from the Poles of the Earth, is useless, in regard it is proved, that the Magnetic Pole is as various as the Variation. And in the next place the Author pretends to find, that the Magnetical Pole of the Meridian of London, is gone to the Eastwards from his Observation made at Ballasore; and here he produceth the Longitude by the Practical Part of the Mathematics at Sea by Journal, to correct his Observations by the Inclinatory Needle. Mr. Bond begs the Question: Let the Angle W P N be 6 d. 00 m. that the Magnetical Meridian is gone to the Eastward, when it is proved to be 37 d. 59 m. So likewise in the case of Cape Charles, and in the Straits of Magellan (and all places Westwards of the Meridian of the Lizard.) Mr. Bond begs the Question: Let S K P F represent the Meridian of the Lizard, which is 4 d. 12 m. to the Eastwards of the Magnetical Colour, as appears by his Demonstration, which Angle at Cape Charles, is found to be above 50 d. and not 4 d. 12 m. and the Angle at the Straits at Magellan, is found to be above 38 d. 00 m. and not 4 d. 12 m. I have omited to put down Mr. Bond's Demonstration to prove his Errors, in regard it would produce many Cuts: but those that would be better satisfied, may take the same Method I used in the Case of Ballasore, where Mr. Bond says let the Angle W P N be 6 d. that the Magnetic Pole is gone from the Meridian of London; when the Angle is proved to be 37 d. 59 m. And farther it is proved, where two places differing in Latitude, under one and the same Meridian of the Earth, that the Angle at the Pole doth alter, whereas all places, under one and the same Meridian, have one and the same Longitude. And whereas Mr. Bond has altered the Meridian of the Azores, and has made London the Meridian, from whence Longitude shall begin at: Longitude 00 d. 00 m. It is proved from Mr. Bond's own Observation, that London should have Longitude. Then the Magnetical Inclinatory Needle is not in proportion to the Meridian of London, or any certain Meridian of the Earth. And last of all, the Author supposeth the Magnetical Poles in the Air, some small distance from the Earth, which (as he says) may be a great reason of the Motion of the Earth, and to that end, he has drawn his Spheres accordingly: But I have proved that Mr. Bond's Question between Ballasore and London, is to be demonstrated from the Globe of the Earth: So that all Questions that have the like Matter, have the like Demonstration: then why should we fancy the Magnetic Poles in the Air? And farther I have added a small Treatise, proving by several Observations, and Demonstrations, that the Earth is the Centre of the Starry Heaven; and that it has no Motion upon its Axis; and for any one to pretend the Earth to have a Motion from West to East, it is only imagination; for there is no Observation to prove it. I know there are many men of a contrary opinion; but I would have such men to produce Observation and Demonstration to prove the contrary. I shall say no more in this place, but refer to the Work itself; where if I have also erred, I shall gladly receive admonition from the Learned; but if I have not, I hope my Native Country will not take it unkindly, that I have discovered a dangerous Error, which (if followed, and relied upon) would have been of fatal Consequence. Peter Blackborrow. THE LONGITUDE Not found by the Inclinatory Needle. In Answer to Mr. Bonds first Question, in finding the Distance between London and Vaygats; and from thence to find the Distance of the Magnetical Pole, from the Pole of the Earth. LOndon Latitude 51 d. 32 m. North, London Longitude 00 d. 00 m. Vaygats Latitude 70 d. 00 m. North, Longitude 58 d. 00 m. Westwards of the Meridian of London, to find the Distance between London and Vaygats L V, and the Angle P L V, and the Angle P V L. In this Triangle we have P L, the Co-latitude of London 38 d. 28 m. and P V, the Co-latitude of Vaygats 20 d. 00 m. And the Angle L P V 58 d. 00 m. the difference of Longitude by Journal between Vaygats and London; to find L V, the Distance 31 d. 57 m. and the Angle P L V, 33 d. 14 m. and the Angle P V L 94 d. 30 m. And from the Angle L P V, Mr. Bond draws an Arch as P M V, and makes that an Angle of 8 d. 38 m & the Angle P, M, V, L, an Angle of 85 d. 52 m. and then Mr. Bond draws another Arch as L M, and makes the Angle P L M, an Angle of 11 d. 15 m. and the Angle M L V, an Angle of 21 d. 59 m. Here place the first Figure. If Mr. Bond would make it a proportion in his Angle to draw two Arches from the Pole of the Earth, unto the Meridian, and Parallel of Vaygats; as P V, and P M V, than he should have drawn another Arch into the Meridian and Parallel of London; from the Pole of the Earth, besides that of P L. geometrical diagram Fig. 1 So likewise should Mr. Bond have separated the Variation of London 11 d. 15 m. by another Arch from the Pole of the Earth into the Meridian, and Parallel of London at L, in regard the matter given requires the same Demonstration. And whereas Mr. Bond draws two Arches from the Pole of the Earth, unto the Meridian, and Parallel of Vaygats; it is very improper, for no Arch can be drawn from the Pole of the Earth unto the Meridian, and Parallel of Vaygats; but what was drawn from the Pole, as P V 20 d. 00 m. the Co-latitude of Vaygats, which Arch is the nearest Distance unto the Pole of the Earth. And for the Arch P M V, it makes a greater Distance than the Co-latitude of Vaygats, by 00 d. 18 m. therefore Mr. Bonds Angle is a false Supposition, for one and the same Meridian and Parallel of the Earth, can have but one Arch or Meridian from the Pole of the Earth, and that is the nearest Distance. But Mr. Bonds pretence is to find the Distance of the Magnetical Poles, from the Pole of the Earth; and he saith, in the year 1580, the Variation was 11 d. 15 m. at London, and at Vaygats 8 d. 38. m. and the Co-latitude at London 38 d. 28 m. and the Co-latitude at Vaygats 20 d. 00 m. and the Difference of Longitude 58 d. 00 m. So from hence it may be observed, that the Distance of the Magnetical Pole, from the Pole of the Earth, is found, from the Variation that was at London, and Vaygats in the year 1580. So that the Magnetic Pole must be as various as the Variation, in regard it cannot be found without it. Mr. Bond had better to have begged the Question, let the Magnetical Poles be Distant 8 d. 30 m. from the Pole of the Earth: For his Angle cannot be demonstrated upon the Globe. geometrical diagram Fig: 2. In Answer unto Mr. Bonds Question, between Ballasore and London. I Sail from the Meridian and Parallel of London South-West-wards of Good-hope, and then North-East-wards into North Latitude 22 d. 30 m. the Magnetical Latitude or Inclination 32 d. 10 m. the Magnetical Co-latitude in the Caroline Table 72 d. 33 m. and the Distance of the Magnetical Pole from the Pole of the Earth 8 d. 30 m. I demand how far the Magnetical Meridian is East or West of the Meridian of London? Here place the second Figure. To Demonstrate this Sphere upon the Globe. THe Brass Meridian, in which the Globe moves, is the Meridian of London; so bring any Meridian upon the Globe to the Brass Meridian; and from the Poles make a Mark upon the Meridian of the Globe, just under 8 d. 30 m. of the Brass Meridian, for the Magnetic Pole. So take 72 d. 33 m. the Magnetic Pole Distant from the Parallel of 22 d. 30 m. No Latitude from the Equator; and fix one point of your Compasses in the Magnetical Pole 8 d. 30 m. turning the Globe Eastwards, until 72 d. 33 m. will cut in the Parallel of Ballasore 22 d. 30 m. just under the Brass Meridian of the Globe, so make a Mark, and let the Globe stand, then is L N the Magnetic Pole Distant from the Meridian of London 72 d. 33 m. and L S is the Co-latitude of Ballasore 67 d. 30 m. and N S is the Distance of the Magnetical Pole, from the Pole of the Earth 8 d. 30 m. and the Angle L S N, is what the Magnetic Meridian is gone from the Brass Meridian, or the Meridian of London, and I D is the Magnetic Latitude 32 d. 10 m. and L A is the Latitude of Ballasore 22 d. 30 m. By this Demonstration you may see the Distance of the Magnetic Poles, and the Magnetic Co-latitude, and the Co-latitude of the Place will hold their Demonstrations in Proportion to the Poles of the Earth; then why should we fancy the Magnetic Poles in the Air? Upon the Sphere M, Q, N, O is the Meridian of the Magnetic Poles, and Q O is the Magnetic Equator, and E W is the Equator to the Poles of the Earth, and M L N is the Magnetic Meridian, crossing the Brass Meridian, or the Meridian of London, in the Parallel of 22 d. 30 m. So is S N the Magnetic Pole Distant from the Poles of the Earth, and L S is the Co-latitude of Ballasore, and N L is the Magnetic Pole Distant from the Meridian of London 72 d. 33 m. in the Parallel of 22 d. 30 m. and S L P is the Meridian of London, and not the Meridian of Ballasore, yet I place L in the Parallel of Ballasore, in the Meridian of London, in regard I did take the Inclination of the Inclinatory Needle in that Parallel. For it is supposed, if I would find the Difference of Longitude from London; I have Sailed into unknown Parts, and observe and find my Latitude, and my Magnetic Latitude; and now I would find how far I am East or West of the Meridian of London: So I ought not to say S L P, is the Meridian of Ballasore, in regard I am to find it; but to make S L P the Meridian of London, from whence I came; so the Magnetic Co-latitude will be in proportion to what the Magnetic Meridian I am in, is from the Meridian of London. So is L S the Co-latitude of Ballasore 67 d. 30 m. in the Meridian of London; and S N, the Distance of the Magnetic Pole, ftom the Pole of the Earth 8 d. 30 m. And L N is the Magnetic Co-latitude 72 d. 33 m. Now the Angle at the Pole N S L, will be found 125 d. 00 m. that the Magnetic Meridian of Ballasore is, from the Meridian of London Eastwards, which should be the Magnetic Meridian of Ballasore at B, from the Meridian of London L, the compliment of 125 d. 00 m. out of 180 d. is the Angle A S W 55 d. 00 m. that the Magnetic Meridian is West of the Meridian of London. The Angle is drawn from the Sphere: the Work follows. geometrical diagram Fig: 3 d. m. LN, 72 33 NS, the residuum Sine 08 30 083029 SLIGHTALL, the residuum Sine 67 30 003438 The Sum of the sides 148 33 The half Sum 74 16½ The Sine of the first difference 65 56 995993 The Sine of the second difference 6 46 907124 The Sum 1989584 The half Sum 994792 994792 the sine thereof is 62 d. 30 m. the double thereof is 125 d. 00 m. the Angle at the Pole of the Earth N S L, which should be the Difference of Longitude: But since Mr. Bond makes London the first Meridian, from whence Longitude shall take its beginning, as in the Question before, Ballasore should have Longitude 125 d. 00 m. East of the Meridian of London; let the Table of Longitude say what it will, for the Table of Longitudes is no other than the difference of Meridian's by Journal: But if I find the difference of Longitude by the Magnetic Co-latitude, and the distance of the Magnetic Pole, and the Co-latitude of the place, it should correct what has been laid down by Journal; for I do not take what has been laid down by Journal to be true, in regard there is no certain Observation to lead us to it: For if London be not the Meridian, from whence the Magnetic Co-latitude takes its beginning towards the Magnetic Poles; then the distance of the Magnetic Meridian from the Meridian of London, cannot give the difference of Meridian's. Mr. Bonds way to prove what the Magnetic Meridian is gone to the Eastwards, is thus: First, he knows his Magnetic Co-latitude at Ballasore, and the Co-latitude of the place, and the distance of the Magnetic Pole; and so finds the distance of the Magnetic Meridian, from the Meridian of London 125 d. 00 m. so then finding 125 d. 00 m. doth not answer the Longitude by Journal; he proceeds to find what the Magnetic Meridian is gone to the Eastwards: thus, he gives the Co-latitude, and the distance of the Magnetic Pole, and the Longitude by Journal 119 d. 12 m. and to this he adds 6 d. which makes 125 d. 12 m. the distance of the Magnetic Meridian, to find the Magnetic Co-latitude: This is but turning the Question. So that you must know your Longitude by Journal 119 d. 12 m. before you can find what the Magnetic Meridian is gone to the Eastwards. Mr. Bonds way is thus: Subtract 119 d. 12 m. the Longitude by Journal, from 125 d. 12 m. the distance of the Magnetic Meridian, from the Meridian of London, and you have 6 d. 00 m. that the Magnetic Meridian is gone to the Eastwards: So by this Mr. Bond produced the Longitude by Journal, to correct the distance of the Magnetic Meridian, from the Meridian of London. Mr. Bond must know that Longitude by Journal in all the World is laid down by Judgement; and then how rare is it for any one man, who hath been at any one Port in the World, somewhat remote, that hath found it in the very same Meridian, in regard of the many accidents that attend the Practical part of the Mathematics at Sea? And then how is it possible to know the Longitude I am in, by the distance of the Magnetic Meridian? If I must first know the Longitude by Journal, which I cannot prove to be certain, and so correct the Observation by it, so that by this way of practice, the Inclinatory Needle is of no use; for the Magnetic Latitude, with the other proportions before, should give the Longitude without the help of a Journal to correct his Observation. The next thing we are further to consider of is, how Mr. Bond finds what the Magnetic Meridian is gone to the Eastwards of Ballasore. We may observe from Mr. Bonds own Sphere and Words; let the Angle W P N, be 6 d. 00 m. but this Angle W P N is not to be passed by, with a let it be so; but it must be found in proportion to the several sides, and Angles given in the Sphere. First I shall give the Co-latitude of Ballasore 67 d. 30 m. P B, and the Angle B P N 125 d. 12 m. and the Magnetic Co-latitude 72 d. 33 m. to find the Angle P N B. Now to find the Angle P N B. geometrical diagram Fig: 4 d. m. As the Sine of the side NB, 997953 72 33 Is to the Sine of the Angle N P B, 991229 54 48 So is the Sine of the Side P B, 996561 67 30 To the Sine of the Angle P N B, 989837 52 19 So the Angle P N B, is found to be 52 d. 19 m. Now let fall the Perpendicular in the foregoing Angle, as P W; so with the Angle W N P 52 d. 19 m. and the side P N 8 d. 30 m. we are to find the Angle W P N, which Mr. Bond saith, let it be 6 d. 00 m. The Work follows. geometrical diagram Fig: 5. d. m. As the Sine of P Q, 81 30 999520 Is to the Tangent of Q T, 37 41 988785 So is the Radius P A, 90 00 1000000 To the Tangent of A. g. 37 59 989265 So that A. g. 37 d. 59 m. is equal to the Angle A. P. g. or to the Angle W P N, 37 d. 59 m. demanded. Now in the foregoing Angle, subtract the Angle W P N, 37 d. 59 m. out of the Angle N P B 125 d. 12 m. and you have the Angle W P B, 87 d. 13 m. And from hence it may be observed, that the Angle W P N, is 37 d. 59 m. and not 6 d. 00 m. that the Magnetic Meridian is gone to the Eastward, and the Angle W P B, is 87 d. 13 m. and not 119 d. 12 m. by Journal. So that Mr. Bond has committed a gross error in offering to beg the Question; let the Angle W. P. N. be 6 d. 00 m. and the Angle W P B, be 119 d. 12 m. when it is contrary to all Demonstration and Practice in the Mathematics, as it is proved in the foregoing Question. geometrical diagram Fig: 6. The Sphere on the other side, is according to Mr. Bonds own Demonstration, to prove the foregoing Work. Here place the Sixth Figure. And before I proceed any further, I shall make one Observation between the Meridian of London and Bourdeaux. Bourdeaux being but 20 Minutes Eastwards of the Meridian of London: See Mr. Bonds Tables of Longitude. The Magnetical Latitude 69 d. 26 m. Bourdeaux Latitude N° 45 d. 16 m. the Magnetic Co-latitude 36 d. 54 m. the distance of the Magnetic Pole, from the Pole of the Earth 8 d. 30 m. to find the Angle of the Pole of the Earth. The Demonstration of this Sphere upon the Globe, is according to my former. Here place the seventh Figure. geometrical diagram Fig: 7 And from hence you may observe, that the Magnetical Needle, or Inclinatory Needle, cannot give the Magnetical Latitude in proportion to any one Meridian of the Earth. In Answer to Mr. Bond's Question, upon Cape Charles, comparing it with the new Isle of Providence in the same Meridian. FIrst, of Cape Charles Latitude 37 d. 39 m. the distance of the Magnetic Pole, from the Pole of the Earth 8 d. 30 m. the Magnetic Co-latitude 49 d. 18 m. to find how far the Magnetic Meridian's are East and West of the Meridian of London. The Demonstration of this Question upon the Globe, is the same way as in the first Question. Here place the eighth Figure. M Q N O, is the Meridian of the Magnetic Pole, and S N is the distance of the Magnetic Pole, from the Pole of the Earth 8 d. 30 m. and L S, is the Co-latitude, 52 d. 21 m. And L N is the Magnetic Co-latitude 49 d. 18 m. The Work follows. geometrical diagram Fig: 8. d. m. N L, 49 18 S N, the residuum Sine of 08 30 083029 L S the residuum Sine of 52 21 010140 The Sum of the Sides 110 09 The Sine of the half Sum 055 04½ 991371 The side opposite to the Angle, subtract 49 18 The Sine of the Difference 05 46 900206 The Sum of all 1984746 The Sine of the half Sum 57 02 992373 The Compliment of 57 d. 02 m. is 32 d. 58 m. the double thereof is 65 d. 56 m. the Angle N S L. So the Angle L S N, being found 65 d. 56 m. that the Magnetic Meridian is to the Westward of the Lizard, whose Compliment is the Angle L S C 114 d. 04 m. that the Magnetic Meridian is to the Eastward of the Meridian of the Lizard. But I observe the Co-latitude of the Magnetic Pole in its proportions, does not make out the Longitude in Mr. Bonds Tables to the Meridian of London by 04 d. 4 m. But, I suppose, Mr. Bond did make choice of the Meridian of the Lizard to be the Meridian in propotion to the Magnetical Co-latitude at Cape Charles, in regard the Magnetical Co-latitude at Cape Charles, would not give the Magnetical Meridian in proportion to the Meridian of London. And here we are to observe, if the Magnetical Co-latitude, with the other proportions, in one and the same Meridian of the Earth, will not give the fame Angle at the Pole in all Parallels, that cross that Meridian, than the Inclinatory Needle cannot perform the Work of finding the Longitude, in regard you cannot tell where to find the Magnetical Meridian, in proportion to any one Meridian of the Earth. Now we are to prove, that the Angle at the Pole does alter in one and the same Meridian of the Earth, from Mr. Bonds Observations by the Inclinatory Needle, when according to truth every Meridian keeps its Longitude from the Poles in all Parallel. Cape Charles, and the New Island of Providence, are both under one and the same Meridian. See Mr. Bonds Tables of Longitude 70 d. 00 m. Westward of the Meridian of London. Now suppose I was at the new Island of Providence, and should observe and find it in the Latitude of 25 d. 25 m. N°. and should find the inclination of the Inclinatory Needle 48 d. 39 m. and in the Caroline Table, the Magnetic Co-latitude 60 d. 24 m. and the Magnetic Pole distant from the Pole of the Earth 8 d. 30 m. to find the Angle at the Pole of the Earth L S N. geometrical diagram Fig: 9 d. m. L N, 60 24 S L, the residuum Sine of 64 35 004421 N S, the residuum Sine of 08 30 083029 The Sum of the Sides 133 29 The Sine of the half Sum 66 44½ 996316 The Side opposite to the Angle, subtract 60 24 The Sine of the difference 06 20½ 904264 The Sum 1988028 The Sine of the half Sum 60 36 994014 The Compliment of 60 d. 36 m. is 29 d. 24 m. the double thereof is 58 d. 48 m. for the Angle at the Pole of the Earth L S N. Now subtract 58 d. 48 m. the Angle at the Pole, that the Magnetic Meridian of New Providence makes with the Meridian of the Lizard, from 65 d. 56 m. the Angle at the Pole, that the Magnetical Meridian of Cape Charles, makes with the Meridian of the Lizard, and you have 07 d. 08 m. that the Magnetical Meridian's or Angles at the Pole do differ in the same Meridian of Cape Charles, when according to truth every Meridian keeps its Longitude from the Poles of the Earth in all Parallels. So that the Magnetical Co-latitude under one and the same Meridian of the Earth, doth alter the Angles at the Pole, and then the Magnetic Co-latitude, under one and the same Meridian of the Earth, is not in proportion to the Meridian of the Lizard, or any certain Meridian of the Earth. Another Observation between London and Amsterdam, comparing it with Antwerp, being in the same Meridian of Amsterdam. See Mr. Bonds Tables of Longitude 4. d. 37 m. Eastward of the Meridian of London. AMsterdam Latitude 52 d. 40 m. the Magnetic Latitude 74 d. 22 m. and in the Caroline Table the Magnetic Co-latitude is 29 d. 16 m. and the distance of the Magnetic Pole, from the Pole of the Earth 8 d. 30 m. to find the Angle of the Pole of the Earth. Here place the tenth Figure. L S, the Co-latitude of Amsterdam, and N L, the Magnetic Colatitude, and S N is the distance of the Magnetic Pole, from the Pole of the Earth. geometrical diagram Fig: 10 d. m. L N, 29 16 S N, the residuum Sine 08 30 083029 S L, the residuum Sine 37 20 021720 The Sum of the sides 75 06 The Sine the half Sum 37 33 978494 The Side of opposite subtract 29 16 The Sine of the difference 08 17 915856 The Sum 1999099 The Sine of the half Sum 81 45 999549½ The Compliment of 81 d. 45 m. is 8. d. 15 m. the double thereof is 16 d. 30 m. for the Angle at the Pole of the Earth; and we are further to prove, that the inclination of the Inclinatory Needle with his Co-latitude at Amsterdam and Antwerp do alter the Angles at the Pole, although these two places are under one and the same Meridian of the Earth, when according unto truth the Angles at the Pole of the Earth should be the same, when you are under one and the same Meridian of the Earth. Antwerp Latitude 51 d. 37 m. N° the Magnetic Latitude, or Inclination 73 d. 48 m. N° the Magnetic Co-latitude in the Caroline Table 30 d. 09 m. the distance of the Magnetic Pole, from the Pole of the Earth 08 d. 30 m. to find the Angle at the Pole of the Earth. geometrical diagram Fig: 11. d. m. L N, 30 09 S N, the residuum Sine 38 23 020696 S L, the residuum Sine 08 30 083029 The Sum of the Sides 77 02 The Sine of the half Sum 38 31 979430 The Side opposite subtract 30 09 The Sine of the difference 08 22 916288 The Sum 1999443 The Sine of the half Sum 83 31 999721½ The Compliment of 83 d. 31 m. is 6 d. 29 m. the double thereof is 12 d. 58 m. the Angle at the Pole of the Earth. So having found the Angle at the Pole of the Earth, in the Meridian and Parallel of Antwerp to be 12 d. 58 m. I subtract 12 d. 58 m. the Angle at the Pole of the Earth, from the Angle at the Pole of the Earth in the Meridian and Parallel of Amsterdam 16 d. 30 m. and there remains 3 d. 32 m. that the Angles at the Pole of of the Earth differ under one and the same Meridian of the Earth. For as all places under one and the same Parallel of the Earth, are in one and the same Latitude, so have all places under one and the same Meridian of the Earth, the same Longitude from the Azores, or any other Meridian, from whence you will make the difference of Meridian's to begin at. So that if there was any truth in the Observation, from the Inclinatory Needle, it should give the Angles alike at the Pole; when you are under one and the same Meridian of the Earth. Portsmouth Latitude 51 d. 08 m. N°. the Magnetic Latitude, or inclination 72 d. 52 m. whose Compliment in the Caroline Table is 31 d. 40 m. the distance of the Magnetic Poles, from the Poles of the Earth 8 d. 30 m. to find the Angle at the Pole of the Earth. geometrical diagram Fig: 12. d. m. L N, 31 40 L S, the residuum Sine 38 52 020237 S N, the residuum Sine 08 30 083029 The Sum of the Sides 79 02 The Sine of the half Sum 39 31 980366 The Side opposite substracted 31 40 The Sine of the Difference 07 51 913538 The Sum 1997170 The Sine of the half Sum 75 27 998585 The Compliment of 75 d. 27 m. is 14 d. 33 m. the double thereof is 29 d. 6 m. the Angle at the Pole of the Earth, so the Angle at the Pole of the Earth is found to be 29 d. 6 m. So I add 4 d. 12 m. as in the Case of Cape Charles. Portsmouth being West of the Meridian of London, and it gives me 33 d. 18 m. the difference of Longitude between the Meridian of London, and Portsmouth. And Mr. Bond makes but 01 d. 00 m. for the difference of their Meridian's. See his Tables. Lastly, we may observe from Mr. Bonds Observation taken in London by the Inclinatory Needle, whether London be the Meridian, from whence the Magnetical Latitude or Inclination, with the Co-latitude in the Caroline Table, and the Co-latitude of London, with the distance of the Magnetic Pole, from the Pole of the Earth, will give London to be the Meridian, from whence the Magnetic Co-latitude, with the other proportions, shall give the Angle at the Pole of the Earth, to be 6 d. 00 m. that the Magnetic Pole is from the Meridian of London Eastwards, as Mr. Bonds faith in the case of Ballasore. But if the Angle appear to be more or less than 6 d. then the Inclination of the Inclinatory Needle, is not in proportion to the Meridian of London; so that London cannot be said to be the Meridian, from whence Longitude shall begin at. London Latitude 51 d. 32 m. the Magnetic Latitude or Inclination 73 d. 47 m. the Magnetic Co-latitude in the Caroline Table 30 d. 11 m. the distance of the Magnetic Pole, from the Pole of the Earth 8 d. 30 m. to find the Angle at the Pole of the Earth. I. S N. d. m. N L, 30 11 S L, the residuum Sine of 38 28 020616 N S, the residuum Sine of 08 30 083029 The Sum of the Sides 77 09 The half Sum, the Sine 38 34½ 979478 The Side opposite subtract 30 11 The Sine of the difference 08 23 916374 The Sum 1999497 The Sine of the half Sum 83 51 999748½ geometrical diagram Fig. 13: The Compliment of 83 d. 51 m. is 6 d. 09 m. the double thereof is 12 d. 18 m. the Angle at the Pole of the Earth L S N. Here place the thirteenth Figure. So is L N, the Magnetic Co-latitude 30 d. 11 m. and L S is the Co-latitude of London 38 d. 28 m. and S N, is the Magnetic Pole distant from the Pole of the Earth 8 d. 30 m. so that the Angle at the Pole of the Earth L S N, is found to be 12 d. 18 m. in the Meridian and Parallel of London, then subtract 60 d. 00 m. from 12 d. 18 m. as in the case of Ballasore. That Mr. Bond saith the Magnetic Pole is from the Meridian of London, and you have 6 d. 18 m. for the difference of Longitude in the Meridian of London; whereas Mr. Bond saith London has no Longitude: See his Tables. So that Mr. Bond must be under a very great mistake in making the Magnetic Inclination of the Inclinatory Needle at London, to be in proportion, unto the Meridian of London, from whence Longitude shall begin at. When according to his own Observation by the Inclinatory Needle in London, with the Magnetical Colatitude in the Caroline Table, and the Co-latitude of London, and the distance of the Magnetic Pole, from the Pole of the Earth, London should have Longitude 6 d. 18 m. having given the Allowance Mr. Bond requires, as in the case of Ballasore. The truth is the Inclination of the Inclinatory Needle, is not in proportion unto the Meridian of London, or any certain Meridian of the Earth, whereby the difference of the Meridian's may be known by the Inclination of the Inclinatory Needle. To sum up all; Mr. Bond pretends to find, what the Magnetic Meridian is gone to the Eastward, as in the case of Ballasore, by saying let the Angle W P N be 6 d. 00 m. that the Magnetic Pole is from the Meridian of London. Whereas the Angle W P N, according to the proportions of the Sides and Angles, contained in the Angles P. B N, is 37 d. 59 m. and not 6 d. 00 m. that the Magnetic Pole is gone to the Eastward of the Meridian of London. And the Angle W P B is 87 d. 13 m. and not 119 d. 12 m. by Journal. Likewise it is proved, that all places in one and the same Meridian of the Earth, do alter their Angles at the Pole, from the Observations of the Inclinatory Needle, when according to truth all places, under one and the same Meridian of the Earth, should make one and the same Angle at the Pole, otherwise the difference of Meridian's cannot be found. Likewise it is proved from several places near unto the Meridian of London, and in the Meridian of London, that the Angles at the Pole of the Earth, is no way in proportion unto the Meridian of London, or that London is the Meridian from whence Longitude shall take its beginning in proportion to the Inclination of the Inclinatory Needle. So that the Inclination of the Inclinatory Needle is no way in proportion unto any certain Meridian of the Earth, from whence all Meridian's should take their Distance. For these Reasons the Longitude cannot be found by the Inclinatory Needle. Here follow Mr. Bonds Caroline Tables of the Compliments of the Magnilatitudes to every Five Minutes of Inclination of the Inclinatory Needle, from the Magnequator unto 84 d 01 m. of Magnilatitude, and 87 d. 00 m. of Inclination. d. m. d. m. 0 05 89 58 0 10 89 55 0 15 89 53 0 20 89 50 0 25 89 48 0 30 89 45 0 35 89 42 0 40 89 40 0 45 89 38 0 50 89 35 0 55 89 33 1 00 89 30 1 05 89 28 1 10 89 25 1 15 89 23 1 20 89 20 1 25 89 18 1 30 89 15 1 35 89 13 1 40 89 10 1 45 89 08 1 50 89 05 1 55 89 03 2 00 89 00 2 05 88 58 2 10 88 55 2 15 88 53 2 20 88 50 2 25 88 48 2 30 88 45 2 35 88 43 2 40 88 40 2 45 88 38 2 50 88 35 2 55 88 32 3 00 88 30 3 05 88 28 3 10 88 25 3 15 88 22 3 20 88 20 3 25 88 18 3 30 88 15 3 35 88 13 3 40 88 10 3 45 88 08 3 50 88 05 3 55 88 03 4 00 88 00 4 05 87 57 4 10 87 55 4 15 87 53 4 20 87 50 4 25 87 48 4 30 87 45 4 35 87 42 4 40 87 40 4 45 87 37 4 50 87 35 4 55 87 32 4 00 87 30 5 05 87 27 5 10 87 25 5 15 87 22 5 20 87 20 5 25 87 17 5 30 87 15 5 35 87 12 5 40 87 10 5 45 87 07 5 50 87 05 5 55 87 02 6 00 87 00 6 05 86 57 6 10 86 55 6 15 86 52 6 20 86 50 6 25 86 47 6 30 86 45 6 35 86 42 6 40 86 40 6 45 86 37 6 50 86 35 6 55 86 32 7 00 86 29 7 05 86 27 7 10 86 24 7 15 86 21 7 20 86 19 7 25 86 16 7 03 86 14 7 35 86 11 7 40 86 09 7 45 86 06 7 50 86 04 7 55 86 01 8 00 85 59 8 05 85 56 8 10 85 54 8 15 85 51 8 20 85 49 8 25 85 46 8 30 85 44 8 35 85 41 8 40 85 39 8 45 85 36 8 50 85 34 9 55 85 31 9 00 85 29 9 05 85 26 9 10 85 23 9 15 85 20 9 20 85 18 9 25 85 16 9 30 85 13 9 35 85 10 9 40 85 08 9 45 85 05 9 50 85 03 9 55 85 01 10 00 84 58 10 05 84 55 10 10 84 53 10 15 84 50 10 20 84 47 10 25 84 45 10 30 84 42 10 35 84 40 10 40 84 37 10 45 84 35 10 50 84 32 10 55 84 29 11 00 84 27 11 05 84 24 11 10 84 22 11 15 84 19 11 20 84 17 11 25 84 14 11 30 84 12 11 35 84 09 11 40 84 06 11 45 84 04 11 50 84 01 11 55 83 58 12 00 83 56 12 05 83 53 12 10 83 51 12 15 83 48 12 20 83 46 12 25 83 43 12 30 83 40 12 35 83 38 12 40 83 35 12 45 83 32 12 50 83 30 12 55 83 27 13 00 83 25 13 05 83 22 13 10 83 20 13 15 83 17 13 20 83 14 13 25 83 12 13 30 83 09 13 35 83 07 13 40 83 04 13 45 83 02 13 50 82 59 13 55 82 56 14 00 82 54 14 05 82 51 14 10 82 48 14 15 82 46 14 20 82 43 14 25 82 41 14 30 82 38 14 35 82 35 14 40 82 33 14 45 82 30 14 50 82 27 14 55 82 25 15 00 82 22 15 05 82 20 15 10 82 17 15 15 82 14 15 20 82 12 15 25 82 09 15 30 82 06 15 35 82 04 15 40 82 01 15 45 81 58 15 50 81 56 15 55 81 53 16 00 81 50 16 05 81 48 16 10 81 45 16 15 81 43 16 20 81 40 16 25 81 37 16 30 81 35 16 35 81 32 16 40 81 29 16 45 81 26 16 50 81 24 16 55 81 21 17 00 81 19 17 05 81 16 17 10 81 13 17 15 81 10 17 20 81 08 17 25 81 05 17 30 81 03 17 35 81 00 17 40 80 57 17 45 80 54 17 50 80 52 17 55 80 49 18 00 80 46 18 05 80 44 18 10 80 41 18 15 80 38 18 20 80 35 18 25 80 33 18 30 80 30 18 35 80 27 18 40 80 25 18 45 80 22 18 50 80 19 18 55 80 17 19 00 80 14 19 05 80 11 19 10 80 08 19 15 80 06 19 20 80 03 19 25 80 00 19 30 79 58 19 35 79 55 19 40 79 52 19 45 79 49 19 50 79 47 19 55 79 44 10 00 79 41 20 05 79 38 20 10 79 36 20 15 79 33 20 20 79 30 20 25 79 28 20 30 79 25 20 35 79 22 20 40 79 19 20 45 79 16 20 50 79 14 20 55 79 11 21 00 79 08 21 05 79 05 21 10 79 03 21 15 79 00 21 28 78 58 21 25 78 55 21 30 78 52 21 35 78 48 21 40 78 45 21 45 78 42 21 50 78 40 21 55 78 37 22 00 78 35 22 05 78 32 22 10 78 29 22 15 78 26 22 20 78 23 22 25 78 21 22 30 78 18 22 35 75 15 22 40 78 12 22 45 78 10 22 50 78 07 22 55 78 04 23 00 78 01 23 05 77 58 23 10 77 55 23 15 77 53 23 20 77 50 23 25 77 47 23 30 77 44 23 35 77 41 23 40 77 39 23 45 77 36 23 50 77 33 23 55 77 30 24 00 77 27 24 05 77 24 24 10 77 21 24 15 77 18 24 20 77 15 24 25 77 13 24 30 77 10 24 35 77 07 24 40 77 04 24 45 77 01 24 50 76 58 24 55 76 55 25 00 76 52 25 05 76 50 25 10 76 47 25 15 76 44 25 20 76 41 25 25 76 38 25 30 76 35 25 35 76 32 25 40 76 29 25 45 76 26 25 50 76 24 25 55 76 21 26 00 76 18 26 05 76 15 26 10 76 12 26 15 76 09 26 20 76 06 26 25 76 03 26 30 76 00 26 35 75 57 26 40 75 52 26 45 75 51 26 50 75 48 26 55 75 45 27 00 75 42 27 05 75 39 27 10 75 36 27 15 75 34 27 20 75 31 27 25 75 28 27 30 75 25 27 35 75 22 27 40 75 19 27 45 75 16 27 50 75 13 27 55 75 10 28 00 75 07 28 05 75 04 28 10 75 01 28 15 74 58 28 20 74 55 28 25 74 52 28 30 74 49 28 35 74 46 28 40 74 43 28 45 74 40 28 50 74 36 28 55 74 33 29 00 74 30 29 05 74 27 29 10 74 24 29 15 74 21 29 20 74 18 29 25 74 15 29 30 74 12 29 35 74 09 29 40 74 06 29 45 74 03 29 50 74 00 29 55 73 57 30 00 73 54 30 05 73 51 30 10 73 48 30 15 73 45 30 20 73 42 30 25 73 38 30 30 73 35 30 35 73 32 30 40 73 29 30 45 73 26 30 50 73 23 30 55 73 20 31 00 73 17 31 05 73 13 31 10 73 10 31 15 73 07 31 20 73 04 31 25 73 01 31 30 72 58 31 35 72 55 31 40 72 52 31 45 72 49 31 50 72 45 31 55 72 42 32 00 72 39 32 05 72 36 32 10 72 33 32 15 72 29 32 20 72 26 32 25 72 23 32 30 72 20 32 35 72 17 32 40 72 14 32 45 72 10 32 50 72 07 32 55 72 04 33 00 72 01 33 05 71 58 33 10 71 55 33 15 71 52 33 20 71 48 33 25 71 45 33 30 71 41 33 35 71 38 33 40 71 35 33 45 71 32 33 50 71 28 33 55 71 25 34 00 71 22 34 05 71 18 34 10 71 15 34 15 71 12 34 20 71 09 34 25 71 05 34 30 71 02 34 35 70 59 34 40 70 56 34 45 70 52 34 50 70 49 34 55 70 46 35 00 70 42 35 05 70 39 35 10 70 36 35 15 70 32 35 20 70 29 35 25 70 26 35 30 70 22 35 35 70 19 35 40 70 16 35 45 70 12 35 50 70 09 35 55 70 05 36 00 70 02 36 05 69 59 36 10 69 56 36 15 69 52 36 20 69 49 36 25 69 45 36 30 69 42 36 35 69 38 36 40 69 35 36 45 69 32 36 50 69 28 36 55 69 25 37 00 69 21 37 05 69 18 37 10 69 14 37 15 69 11 37 20 69 07 37 25 69 04 37 30 69 01 37 35 68 57 37 40 68 54 37 45 68 50 37 50 68 47 37 55 68 43 38 00 68 40 38 05 68 36 38 10 68 33 38 15 68 29 38 20 68 26 38 25 68 22 38 30 68 19 38 35 68 15 38 40 68 12 38 45 68 08 38 50 68 05 38 55 68 01 39 00 67 57 39 05 67 54 39 10 67 50 39 15 67 47 39 20 67 43 39 25 67 40 39 30 67 36 39 35 67 33 39 40 67 29 39 45 67 26 39 50 67 22 39 55 67 18 40 00 67 14 40 05 67 10 40 10 67 06 40 15 67 03 40 20 67 00 40 25 66 56 40 30 66 53 40 35 66 49 40 40 66 45 40 45 66 42 40 50 66 38 40 55 66 34 41 00 66 30 41 05 66 27 41 10 66 23 41 15 66 20 41 20 66 16 41 25 66 12 41 30 66 08 41 35 66 04 41 40 66 01 41 45 65 57 41 50 65 53 41 55 65 50 42 00 65 46 42 05 65 42 42 10 65 38 42 15 65 34 42 20 65 31 42 25 65 27 42 30 65 23 42 35 65 19 42 40 65 15 42 45 65 12 42 50 65 08 42 55 65 04 43 00 65 00 43 05 64 56 43 10 64 53 43 15 64 49 43 20 64 45 43 25 64 41 43 30 64 37 43 35 64 33 43 40 64 29 43 45 64 25 43 50 64 21 43 55 64 17 44 00 64 14 44 05 64 10 44 10 64 06 44 15 64 02 44 20 63 58 44 25 63 54 44 30 63 50 44 35 63 46 44 40 63 42 44 45 63 38 44 50 63 34 44 55 63 30 45 00 63 26 45 05 63 22 45 10 63 18 45 15 63 14 45 20 63 10 45 25 63 06 45 30 63 02 45 35 62 58 45 40 62 54 45 45 62 50 45 50 62 46 45 55 62 42 46 00 62 38 46 05 62 34 46 10 62 30 46 15 62 25 46 20 62 21 46 25 62 17 46 30 62 14 46 35 62 09 46 40 62 05 46 45 62 00 46 50 61 56 46 55 61 52 47 00 61 48 47 05 61 44 47 10 61 40 47 15 61 35 47 20 61 31 47 25 61 27 47 30 61 23 47 35 61 19 47 40 61 14 47 45 61 10 47 50 61 06 47 55 61 02 48 00 60 57 48 05 60 53 48 10 60 49 48 15 60 44 48 20 60 40 48 25 60 36 48 30 60 32 48 35 60 27 48 40 60 23 48 45 60 19 48 50 60 14 48 55 60 10 49 00 60 06 49 05 60 01 49 10 59 59 49 15 59 52 49 20 59 48 49 25 59 44 49 30 59 39 49 35 59 35 49 40 59 30 49 45 59 26 49 50 59 22 49 55 59 17 50 00 59 13 50 05 59 08 50 10 59 04 50 15 58 50 50 20 58 55 50 25 58 50 50 30 58 46 50 35 58 41 50 40 58 37 50 45 58 32 50 50 58 27 50 55 58 23 51 00 58 18 51 05 58 14 51 10 58 09 51 15 58 05 51 20 58 00 51 25 57 56 51 30 57 51 51 35 57 46 51 40 57 41 51 45 57 37 51 50 57 32 51 55 57 28 52 00 57 23 52 05 57 18 52 10 57 14 52 15 75 09 52 20 57 04 52 25 56 59 52 30 56 55 52 35 56 50 52 40 56 45 52 45 56 40 52 50 56 36 52 55 56 31 53 00 56 26 53 05 56 21 53 10 56 16 53 15 56 12 53 20 56 07 53 25 56 02 53 30 55 57 53 35 55 52 53 40 55 47 53 45 55 43 53 50 55 38 53 55 55 33 54 00 55 28 54 05 55 23 54 10 55 18 54 15 55 13 54 20 55 08 54 25 55 03 54 30 55 58 54 35 54 53 54 40 54 48 ☞ 54 45 54 43 54 50 54 38 54 55 54 33 55 00 54 28 55 05 54 23 55 10 54 18 55 15 54 13 55 20 54 08 55 25 54 03 55 30 53 58 55 35 53 53 55 40 53 48 55 45 53 43 55 50 53 37 55 55 53 32 55 00 53 27 56 05 53 22 56 10 53 17 56 15 53 12 56 20 53 06 56 25 53 01 56 30 52 56 56 35 52 51 56 40 52 45 56 45 52 40 56 50 52 35 56 55 52 30 57 00 52 24 57 05 52 19 57 10 52 14 57 15 52 09 57 20 52 03 57 25 51 58 57 30 51 52 57 35 51 47 57 40 51 42 57 45 51 36 57 50 51 31 57 55 51 26 58 00 51 20 58 05 51 15 58 10 51 09 58 15 51 04 58 20 50 58 58 25 50 53 58 30 50 47 58 35 50 42 58 40 50 36 58 45 50 31 58 50 50 25 58 55 50 20 59 00 50 14 59 05 50 09 59 10 50 08 59 15 49 57 59 20 49 53 59 25 49 46 59 30 49 40 59 35 49 35 59 40 49 29 59 45 49 24 59 50 49 18 59 55 49 12 60 00 49 06 60 05 49 01 60 10 48 55 60 15 48 49 60 20 48 43 60 25 48 38 60 30 48 32 60 35 48 26 60 40 48 20 60 45 48 14 60 50 48 09 60 55 48 03 61 00 47 57 61 05 47 51 61 10 47 45 61 15 47 39 61 20 47 33 61 25 47 27 61 30 47 21 61 35 47 16 61 40 47 10 61 45 47 04 61 50 46 58 61 55 46 52 62 00 46 46 62 05 46 39 62 10 46 34 62 15 46 28 62 20 46 21 62 25 46 15 62 30 46 09 62 35 46 03 62 40 45 57 62 45 45 51 62 50 45 45 62 55 45 39 63 00 45 32 63 05 45 26 63 10 45 20 63 15 45 14 63 20 45 07 63 25 45 01 63 30 44 55 63 35 44 49 63 40 44 42 63 45 44 36 64 50 44 30 64 55 44 24 64 00 44 17 64 05 44 11 64 10 44 05 64 15 43 58 64 20 43 52 64 25 43 45 64 30 43 39 64 35 43 33 64 40 43 26 64 45 43 20 64 50 43 13 64 55 43 07 65 00 43 00 65 05 42 54 65 10 42 47 65 15 42 41 65 20 42 34 65 25 42 27 65 30 42 21 65 35 42 14 65 40 42 08 65 45 42 01 65 50 41 54 65 55 41 48 66 00 41 41 66 05 41 34 66 10 41 28 66 15 41 21 66 20 41 14 66 25 41 07 66 30 41 01 66 35 40 54 66 40 40 47 66 45 40 40 ☜ 66 50 40 33 66 55 40 26 67 00 40 20 67 05 40 13 67 10 40 06 67 15 39 59 67 20 39 52 67 25 39 46 67 30 39 38 67 35 39 32 67 40 39 24 67 45 39 17 67 50 39 10 67 55 39 03 68 00 38 56 68 05 38 49 68 10 38 42 68 15 38 35 68 20 38 28 68 25 38 21 68 30 38 14 68 35 38 07 68 40 38 00 68 45 37 52 68 50 37 45 68 55 37 38 ☞ 69 00 37 32 69 05 37 24 69 10 37 16 69 15 37 09 69 20 37 02 69 25 36 54 69 30 36 47 69 35 36 40 69 40 36 32 69 45 36 25 69 50 36 18 69 55 36 10 70 00 36 03 70 05 35 56 70 10 35 48 70 15 35 41 70 20 35 33 70 25 35 26 70 30 35 18 70 35 35 11 70 40 35 03 70 45 34 56 70 50 34 48 70 55 34 41 71 00 34 33 71 05 34 26 71 10 34 18 71 15 34 11 71 20 34 03 71 25 33 55 71 30 33 47 71 35 33 40 71 40 33 32 71 45 33 24 71 50 33 16 71 55 33 09 72 00 33 01 72 05 32 53 72 10 32 45 72 15 32 38 72 20 32 30 72 25 32 22 72 30 32 14 72 35 32 06 72 40 31 58 72 45 31 51 72 50 31 43 72 55 31 35 73 00 31 27 73 05 31 19 73 10 31 11 73 15 31 03 73 20 30 55 73 25 30 47 73 30 30 39 73 35 30 31 73 40 30 22 73 45 30 14 73 50 30 06 73 55 29 58 74 00 29 50 74 05 29 42 74 10 29 34 74 15 29 26 74 20 29 18 74 25 29 10 74 30 29 01 74 35 28 53 74 40 28 44 74 45 28 36 74 50 28 28 74 55 28 20 75 00 28 11 75 05 28 03 75 10 27 55 75 15 27 46 75 20 27 38 75 25 27 29 75 30 27 21 75 35 27 12 75 40 27 04 75 45 26 56 75 50 26 47 75 55 26 39 76 00 26 30 76 05 26 22 76 10 26 13 76 15 26 05 76 20 25 56 76 25 25 47 76 30 25 39 76 35 25 30 76 40 25 22 76 45 25 13 76 50 25 04 76 55 24 56 77 00 24 47 77 05 24 38 77 10 24 30 77 15 24 21 77 20 24 12 77 25 24 03 77 30 23 55 77 35 23 46 77 40 23 37 77 45 23 28 77 50 23 20 77 55 23 11 78 00 23 02 78 05 22 53 78 10 22 44 78 15 22 35 78 20 22 26 78 25 22 17 78 30 22 08 78 35 21 59 78 40 21 51 78 45 21 41 78 50 21 33 78 55 21 24 79 00 21 15 79 05 21 06 79 10 20 57 79 15 20 47 79 20 20 38 79 25 20 29 79 30 20 20 79 35 20 11 79 40 20 02 79 45 19 53 79 50 19 44 79 55 19 35 80 00 19 26 80 05 19 16 80 10 19 07 80 15 18 58 80 20 18 49 80 25 18 40 80 30 18 30 80 35 18 21 80 40 18 12 80 45 18 02 80 50 17 53 80 55 17 44 81 00 17 35 81 05 17 25 81 10 17 16 81 15 17 07 81 20 16 57 81 25 16 48 81 30 16 38 81 35 16 29 81 40 16 20 81 45 16 10 81 50 16 01 81 55 15 52 82 00 15 42 82 05 15 33 82 10 15 23 82 15 15 14 82 20 15 04 82 25 14 55 82 30 14 45 82 35 14 36 82 40 14 26 82 45 14 17 82 50 14 07 82 55 13 58 83 00 13 48 83 05 13 39 83 10 13 29 83 15 13 19 83 20 13 10 83 25 13 00 83 30 12 50 83 35 12 40 83 40 12 31 83 45 12 21 83 50 12 12 83 55 12 02 84 00 11 52 84 05 11 43 84 10 11 33 84 15 11 23 84 20 11 13 84 25 11 04 84 30 10 55 84 35 10 44 84 40 10 34 84 45 10 24 84 50 10 14 84 55 10 05 85 00 09 55 85 05 09 46 85 10 09 36 85 15 09 26 85 20 09 16 85 25 09 06 85 30 08 57 85 35 08 47 85 40 08 37 85 45 08 27 85 50 08 17 85 55 08 07 86 00 07 58 86 05 07 48 86 10 07 38 86 15 07 28 86 20 07 18 86 25 07 08 86 30 06 59 86 35 06 49 86 40 06 39 86 45 06 29 86 50 06 19 86 55 06 09 87 00 05 59 A Table of the Latitude, Longitude, and the Inclination of the Inclinatory Magnetical Needle, in some of the most eminent Places of the World, in 1676. d. m. Japan, Latitude 038 00 North. Longitude 143 20 East. Inclination 063 53 North. Bantam, Latitude 006 15 North. Longitude 120 50 East. Inclination 022 53 North. Malacca, Latitude 006 41 North. Longitude 120 50 East. Inclination 005 42 North. The North end of Sumatra, Latitude 005 28 North. Longitude 111 15 East. Inclination 001 44 North. The River of Bengale, Latitude 022 09 North. Longitude 116 09 East. Inclination 031 09 North. Cape Canoim, Latitude 07 50 North. Longitude 92 15 East. Inclination 11 23 North. Suratt, Latitude 21 00 North. Longitude 94 12 East. Inclination 33 43 North. The South end of St. Laurence, Latitude 25 37 South. Longitude 55 30 East. Inclination 39 10 South. The Cape of Good Hope, Latitude 35 30 South. Longitude 27 30 East. Inclination 47 38 South. St. Elena, Latitude 16 03 South. Longitude 04 44 East. Inclination 15 29 South. St. Elena Nou. Latitude 16 03 South. Longitude 14 24 East. Inclination 16 23 South. Samson 's River, Latitude 04 22 North. Longitude 30 28 East. Inclination 22 09 North. Old Caliber, Latitude 04 50 North. Longitude 19 51 East. Inclination 23 09 North. New Caliber, Latitude 04 40 North. Longitude 18 12 East. Inclination 23 06 North. River of Gamba, Latitude 12 47 North. Longitude 07 41 West. Inclination 37 54 North. Cape de Verd, Latitude 14 25 North. Longitude 12 21 West. Inclination 58 28 North. Tangier, Latitude 35 36 North. Longitude 03 35 West. Inclination 62 39 North. Gibraltar, Latitude 36 40 North. Longitude 03 18 West. Inclination 03 29 North. Malago, Latitude 36 45 North. Longitude 02 17 West. Inclination 63 33 North. Alicant, Latitude 38 20 North. Longitude 01 50 East. Inclination 65 10 North. Leagorn, Latitude 43 28 North. Longitude 12 39 East. Inclination 68 01 North. Galipolie, Latitude 40 08 North. Longitude 21 40 East. Inclination 65 03 North. Rome, Latitude 41 50 North. Longitude 15 45 East. Inclination 66 43 North. Naples, Latitude 41 08 North. Longitude 17 27 East. Inclination 66 05 North. Venice, Latitude 45 37 North. Longitude 17 21 East. Inclination 69 17 North. Constantinople, Latitude 40 56 North. Longitude 35 09 East. Inclination 64 35 North. Alexandria, Latitude 30 40 North. Longitude 36 04 East. Inclination 55 39 North. Tunis, Latitude 36 30 North. Longitude 03 54 East. Inclination 63 05 North. Argier, Latitude 36 40 North. Longitude 05 30 Inclination 63 14 North. Middle of Cyprus Latitude 34 18 North. Longitude 37 45 Inclination 58 54 North. Middle of Candia, Latitude 35 08 North. Longitude 28 32 East. Inclination 60 29 North. Middle of Corsica, Latitude 42 05 North. Longitude 11 43 East. Inclination 67 08 North. Middle of Scisilia, Latitude 37 42 North. Longitude 16 45 East. Inclination 63 26 North. Maiyork, Latitude 39 38 North. Longitude 05 48 East. Inclination 65 32 North. Cales, Latitude 36 22 North. Longitude 04 00 West. Inclination 63 16 North. Lisbon, Latitude 39 08 North. Longitude 06 30 West. Inclination 65 28 North. Cape Finister, Latitude 43 10 North. Longitude 08 19 West. Inclination 69 07 North. Bordeaux, Latitude 45 10 North. Longitude 00 20 East. Inclination 69 26 North. Rochel, Latitude 46 17 North. Longitude 00 30 West. Inclination 70 27 North. Nants, Latitude 47 41 North. Longitude 01 09 West. Inclination 71 27 North. Jarzey, Latitude 49 30 North. Longitude 01 00 West. Inclination 71 34 North. Garnzey, Latitude 49 43 North. Longitude 02 35 West. Inclination 72 41 North. Calais, Latitude 51 13 North. Longitude 01 52 East. Inclination 73 34 Antwerp. Latitude 51 37 North. Longitude 04 37 East. Inclination 73 48 North. Amsterdam, Latitude 52 40 North. Longitude 04 37 East. Inclination 74 22 North. Hamborough, Latitude 54 04 North. Longitude 08 02 East. Inclination 75 05 North. Copenhagen, Latitude 56 17 North. Longitude 09 54 East. Inclination 76 18 North. Elsenore, Latitude 56 40 North. Longitude 09 57 East. Inclination 76 33 North. Gotland, Latitude 58 20 North. Longitude 15 58 East. Inclination 77 14 North. Cape Blanco, in Newfound Land, Latitude 51 32 North. Longitude 51 00 West. Inclination 72 24 North. Trinity Bay, Latitude 55 54 North. Longitude 54 28 West. Inclination 70 32 North. In the Sound. Shorham, Latitude 58 58 North. Longitude 21 06 East. Inclination 77 48 Stockholm, Latitude 58 49 North. Longitude 14 42 East. Inclination 77 42 North. Scarlet Island, Latitude 56 40 North. Longitude 10 38 East. Inclination 76 31 North. Long Sound, Latitude 58 07 North. Longitude 07 30 East. Inclination 77 28 North. Naze of Norway, Latitude 58 00 North. Longitude 05 00 East. Inclination 77 29 North. Cats Ness, Latitude 61 54 North. Longitude 02 42 East. Inclination 79 43 North. North Cape of Finmark, Latitude 71 22 North. Longitude 16 42 East. Inclination 84 09 North. Archangel, Latitude 63 22 North. Longitude 21 22 East. Inclination 79 27 North. Cape Blanco, in Newfound Land, Latitude 37 32 North. Longitude 39 36 West. Inclination 72 24 North. Trinity Bay, Latitude 48 55 North. Longitude 54 28 West. Inclination 70 32 North. Cape Razo, Latitude 46 28 North. Longitude 51 54 West. Inclination 69 05 North. Cape Cod, in New England, Latitude 42 20 North. Longitude 66 56 West. Inclination 64 44 North. Boston, Latitude 43 38 North. Longitude 70 00 West. Inclination 64 57 North. New Plymouth, Latitude 42 08 North. Longitude 68 01 West. Inclination 64 32 North. Cape Charles, in Virginia, Latitude 37 39 North. Longitude 70 00 West. Inclination 60 00 North. Trinity Harbour. Latitude 36 00 North. Longitude 68 30 West. Inclination 59 26 North. Bermudas, Latitude 23 20 North. Longitude 54 36 West. Inclination 57 41 North. New Island of Providence, Latitude 25 25 North. Longitude 70 00 West. Inclination 48 39 North. Hispaniola, Latitude 18 50 North. Longitude 70 22 West. Inclination 40 23 North. Cuba, Latitude 22 00 North. Longitude 81 20 West. Inclination 24 37 North. Barbados, Latitude 13 10 North. Longitude 58 24 West. Inclination 34 21 North. Jamaica, Latitude 18 15 North. Longitude 78 21 West. Inclination 38 04 North. Suranam, Latitude 05 55 North. Longitude 55 16 West. Inclination 23 01 North. In Ireland d. m. Dublin, Latitude 53 32 North. Longitude 07 20 West. Inclination 75 08 North. Wexford, Latitude 52 33 North. Longitude 07 08 West. Inclination 74 31 North. Waterford, Latitude 52 30 North. Longitude 07 48 West. Inclination 74 30 North. Cork, Latitude 51 10 North. Longitude 08 20 West. Inclination 73 32 North. King's Sail, Latitude 51 52 North. Longitude 08 32 West. Inclination 74 07 North. Old Head of King's Sail, Latitude 51 40 North. Longitude 08 38 West. Inclination 74 00 North. The Blaskets, Latitude 52 15 North. Longitude 11 35 West. Inclination 74 22 North. Lymbrick, Latitude 53 04 North. Longitude 10 15 West. Inclination 74 51 North. Galloway, Latitude 53 40 North. Longitude 10 40 West. Inclination 75 13 North. In Scotland. d. m. Leith, Latitude 56 03 North. Longitude 03 15 West. Inclination 76 33 North. Aberdeen, Latitude 57 42 North. Longitude 02 55 West. Inclination 77 18 North. Isles of Orkney, Latitude 58 50 North. Longitude 03 22 West. Inclination 77 35 North. In England. d. m. Barwick, Latitude 55 49 North. Longitude 02 45 West. Inclination 76 24 North. Westchester, Latitude 53 37 North. Longitude 04 20 West. Inclination 75 09 North. Newcastle, Latitude 54 58 North. Longitude 02 10 West. Inclination 75 53 North. Gloucester, Latitude 52 03 North. Longitude 02 45 West. Inclination 74 15 North. Bristol, Latitude 51 32 North. Longitude 02 50 West. Inclination 73 51 North. The Lands end, Latitude 50 20 North. Longitude 05 58 West. Inclination 73 10 North. The Lizard, Latitude 50 10 North. Longitude 05 24 West. Inclination 73 02 North. Plymouth, Latitude 50 36 North. Longitude 04 33 West. Inclination 73 17 North. Portsmouth, Latitude 51 08 North. Longitude 01 00 West. Inclination 72 52 North. Dover, Latitude 51 25 North. Longitude 01 00 East. Inclination 73 41 North. London, Latitude 51 32 North. Longitude 00 00 Inclination 73 47 North. To prove the Earth the Centure of the Starry Heaven, and not to have any Inclination towards the Poles, as Copernicus would have it. THe Earth by observation keeps its Parallels with the Starry Heaven all the year, without alteration; for by observation, that Star that is in the Equinoctial part of the Heaven, is always in the Equinoctial part of the Earth; so likewise, take all the Stars in their s everal Parallels to the Poles from the Equinoctial, and you will find they keep their Parallels with the Earth for ever. We need not go to the Equinoctial part of the Earth, to prove the Earth to keep her Parallels with the Equinoctial part of the Starry Heaven: For, observe in this Parallel or Latitude of London 51 d. 30 m. the Amplitude of any Star in the Equinoctial, either upon his Rising or Setting, and you shall find his Amplitude to be East or West of you for ever, in this Parallel or any other. Likewise observe the Meridian Altitude of any Star in the Equinoctial, in this Parallel or Latitude 51 d. 30 m. and you shall find his Meridian Altitude to be the Elevation of the Equinoctial for ever, in this Parallel or Latitude. And by daily observations we find the Sun to alter his Amplitude, and Meridian Altitudes, and Parallels with the Starry Heaven and Earth. And we find the Starry Heaven to keep his Parallels with the Earth always, in regard the Stars keep their Meridian Altitudes and Amplitudes with the Earth, without alteration. But if we should admit the Sun the Centre of the Starry Heaven, and the Earth should have her Declination towards her Poles; then the Sun must be always in the Equinoctial part of the Starry Heaven; and the Sun must have the same Amplitudes, and Meridian Altitudes, with the Stars in the Equinoctial, in all Parallels: And then the Sun, and all the Stars in Heaven, should have a daily Calculation of the Declination of the Earth, as the Earth shall alter her Parallels, by Inclining or Declining towards her Poles. geometrical diagram And it is proved by observation, that the Equinoctial part of the Starry Heaven is always in the Equinoctial part of the Earth, for the Meridian Altitude of the Stars in the Equinoctial, is the Elevation of the Equinoctial in all Parallels. Now there is a necessity, that the Declination of the Sun should be Calculated for every day in the year, in regard of his Declination towards his Pole, 23 d. 30 m. which is the cause the Sun altars his Parallels and Amplitudes, and Meridian Altitudes, every day. But for the Starry Heaven, its Declination or Distance from the Equinoctial is the same for ever, and keeps it Parallels with the Earth. Another Example from the Sun, to prove the Earth the Centre of the Starry Heaven. MOst Mathematicians hold, that when the Sun is depressed below the Horizon 15 Degrees, that Twylight appears upon the Horizon; the