61 THE ANATOMY of the Elder, cutting out of it plain, approved, and specific remedies for most chiefest maladies, by Dr. Martin, Blockwich, recommended by the Royal Society; octavo.  
London, 1677   

Anatomia Sambuci OR THE ANATOMY OF THE ELDER: Cutting out of it Plain, Approved, and Specific Remedies for most and chiefest Maladies; Confirmed and cleared By Reason, Experience, and History.  
Collected in Latin By Dr. MARTIN BLOCHWICH, Physician Ordinary of Oshatin.  
Translated for the benefit of all, and Recommended by the Royal Society.  
Nullum numen abest, si ●it prudentia—  
LONDON, Printed for H. Brome, at the Gun at the West End of St. Paul's; and Tho. Sawbridge, at the Three Flowers de Luce in Little Britain, 1677▪   

THE PRINTER TO THE READER.  
THe Ornaments of Nature are so many and marvellous, that they not only submit the mind of Man in a devote honour to that Being that preserveth this variety in so sweet a consort; but force also our thoughts to pursue the inquest of the several ties and dependencies of this beautiful proportion, that at last we may come to the knowledge of things in their causes and connexion. This Pythagoras most properly termed Philosophy. And indeed Nature hath not been in this, neither in any other of her works, empty: but hath bestowed on us largely all means fit for the accomplishment of our wishes. Amongst which Experience and Reason deservedly challenge precedency: Experience, being beholding to Chance and Imitation, is pleased to impart her Observations to Reason; who not being discourteous, doth assist her with her own Principles, and so mustereth in the fields of Learning Noble Squadrons of Conclusions against their common enemy Ignorance.  
This is vigorously illustrated by the Relation of famous Galen; A Viper by chance being stifled in Wine, and a Leprous person drinking it, was cured. A Philosopher hearing it, used the same means, and was rid of the same Malady. Chance in the one, and Imitation in the other, asserted the experience: Which Reason now in others makes plausible use of.  
From this Base is the Noble Frame of Medicine raised to so great a magnificence: For the Ancients, being by event or advice delivered from their sickness, hung up votive Tables in the Chapels of their Gods, drawn with the Lineaments of their Disease and Remedy. Out of these approved, yet scattered, Records did the divine Hypocrates gather those Theorems, which all Posterity adore and embrace as the highest Masterpiece of this skill.  
And our Author seems in this his Treatise of the Elder to tread the footsteps of that more than mortal old man: For here, as in a curious Landscape, he hath clearly and methodically represented to your view the Experiments and Virtues of this humble Shrub; whether by chance discovered to the Commons, or by improvement to the rational. In whose ragged Coat are contained, I dare aver, rarer and safer Medicines, than the robbed Indies enrich us with; and though they seem but homely, and the Products of Peasants; yet are more safe and effectual for our bodies and diseases, than the most renowned Exoticks: For Nature, with a plentiful Horn, hath provided each Climate proper Medicines.  
This being considered by the ingenious, it will not only enforce upon them a grateful remembrance of the Author for collecting, but of the Translator also for imparting his Experiments to us in our Mother Tongue.  
For my own part, though I might put in for my share, if not of Thanks, yet of Acceptance, for this Bill of Revival, if I may so term it, which brings you at present a new sight of that Translation, which, with many other things of great value, seemed lately buried in the rubbish of our City's Ruins, I shall content myself with performance of a work conducing to the Service of my Countrymen: and hope that this second appearance of so useful a Piece will be no less acceptable to them, than the first. I am sure it cannot be less useful, if the frequent and urgent inquiries with which the Book was demanded, when out of Print, deceive me not, But without peradventure, the great Experience which hath lately justified the Virtues of the Elder Tree (such, I dare say, as hath far exceeded the knowledge of Elder Times) will make for me with them that know, as many do, that from its Berries is drawn a Spirit of such use and request in some parts of the Land, that not only Shops, but Private Houses also, are thought ill furnished without it. I will not therefore by a tedious Preface detain you any longer from the benefit of this excellent Discourse, of which it is not the least commendation, that it can sufficiently commend itself.  
Novemb. 1. 1669.   

For his honoured Friend, Alexander Pennicuik of New-Hall, sometime Chirurgeon to General Bannier, and late Chirurgeon General to the Auxiliary SCHOTCH ARMY.  
SIR,  
THe Ornaments of Nature are so many and marvellous, that they not only submit the mind of man in a devote honour to that being that preserveth this variety, in so sweet consort; but force also our thoughts to pursue the inquest of the several ties & dependencies of this beautiful proportion, that at last we may come to the knowledge of things in their causes and connexion. This Pythagoras most properly termed Philosophy. And indeed Nature hath not been in this, neither in any other of her works empty; but hath bestowed on us largely all means fit for the accomplishment of our wishes. Amongst which Experience and Reason deservedly challenge precedency: Experience being beholding to Chance & Imitation, is pleased to impart her Observations to Reason; who not being discourtious, doth assist her with her own Principles; and so mustereth in the fields of Learning Noble Squadrons of Conclusions, against their common enemy, Ignorance.  
This is vigorously illustrated by the Relation of famous Galen; A Viper by chance being stifled in Wine, and a Leprous person drinking it, was cured. A Philosopher hearing it, used the same means, and was rid of the same Malady. Chance in the one, and Imitation in the other, asserted the experience: Which reason now in others makes plausible use of.  
From this Base is the Noble Frame of Medicine raised to so great a magnificence: For the Ancients being by event or advice delivered from their sickness; hung up votive Tables in the Chapels of their Gods, drawn with the Liniaments of their Disease and Remedy. Out of these approved, yet scattered Records, did the Divine Hypocrates gather those Theorems, which all Posterity adore and embrace as the highest Masterpiece of this skill.  
And our Author seems in this his Treatise of the Elder to tread the footsteps of that more than mortal old man: For here, as in a curious Landscape, he hath clearly and methodically represented to your view, the Experiments and virtues of this humble Shrub; whether by chance discovered to the Commons, or by improvement to the rational. In whose ragged Coat are contained, I dare aver, rarer and safer Medicines, than the robbed Indies enrich us with; and though they seem but homely; and the Products of Peasants; yet are more safe and effectual for out bodies and diseases, than the most renowned Exoticks: For Nature with a plentiful Horn hath provided each Climate proper Medicines.  
This being considered by the ingenious, it will not only press upon them a thankful remembrance of the Author for gathering; but of you also for procuring the Translation of these Experiments.  
This Translation owes you its Life, and lies prostrate at your feet, to be exposed, or cherished. If it please you, 'tis all the Translator desires; if not, 'tis all he could do in these rough and rugged hills, where even the common elements are barbarous. But he knows you are ready to entertain any foundling of his, though full of deformities, thereby to encourage him for better births: Wherefore he beseecheth; you will take this Paper-indeavor, as a fragment of the great duty he owes you, till he be able in more worthy expressions, to declare himself,  
SIR, Your sincere Client, C. de IRYNGIO. At the Camp in Athol, June 30. 1651,   

THE INDEX OF THE ANATOMY of the ELDER.  

Sect. I.  
OF the names, kinds, form, place, & qualities of the Elder, page 1   

Sect. II.  
Of the Medicines made of the Elder, 10  
Chap. 1. Of the Medicines of the Berries, 11 

1. The Rhob, Tincture, Extract. ib.  
2. The Wines 13  
3. Spirits and Waters 14  
4. Syrups and Trageas 16  
5. The oil pressed from the stones, ib.    
Chap. 2. Of the Medicines of the flowers. 

1. Conserves p. 18  
2. Syrups and Honey ib.  
3. Water and Spirits 19  
4. Vinegar and Oxymel 21  
5. Wines 22  
6. Oils by Infusion, Distillation 23    
Chap. 3. Of the Medicine of the buds 26 

1. Powders ib.  
2. Conserves ib.  
3. Syrups 27    
Chap. 4. Of the Leaves, middle-bark, roots, Jews-ears, etc. 28 

1. Water's ib.  
2. Syrups 29  
3. Oils and Liniaments ib.    
Chap. 5. Of the Salt and its Spirit 32   

Sect. III.  
Showing the practice and use of the Elder Medicaments 35  
Chap. 1. Of the Cephalalgia page 36  
2. Of rave and wake 38  
3. hypocondriac Melancholy 40  
4. Of the Epilepsy 45  
5. Of the Apoplexy and Palsy 56  
6. Of Catharres 61  
7. Of the Toothache 63  
8. The diseases of the eyes 66  
9 The dregs of ears and hearing 70  
10. Of the nose and smelling ib.  
11. Of the face and head 74  
12. Of the mouth and throat 76  
13. Of Dispnea and Astmate 79  
14. Of the host and hoarseness 82  
15. Of the pleurisy and pthisis 85  
16. Of the diseases of the dugs 89  
17. Of swooning and faintness 91  
18 Of Fevers, and 

1. Of intermitting 93  
2. Of continued and burning 104    
19 Of the pest, and pestilential fevers 106  
20. Of the smallpox and measles 118  
21. Of the diseases of the stomach 120  
22. Of the Diseases of the Intestines of the Colic 125 

Worms 128  
Leienterie and Coeliack Fluxes 130  
Dyssentery 131  
Constipation of the belly 135  
Hemorrhoides 136    
23 Of the obstructions of the Mesentery, Liver, Lien, from whence proceed both the Jaundice and Scurvy 138  
24. Of the hydropsy 144 

1. Ascites ib.  
2. Anasarca 158  
3. Tympany 161    
25. Of the stone in the Reins; of the Dysury, and Iscury 163  
26. Of the diseases of the Matrix 170 

Retention of Flowers ib.  
Fluxion 173  
Suffocation of the Matrix 174    
27. Of Arthritical Diseases 183  
28. Of the scab, and its kinds 192  
29. Of the Erysipelas, or Rose 201  
30. Of Inflammations, Oedemas, and Schirrous Tumours 208  
31. Of Wounds, Ulcers, and Contusions 211  
32. Of burning and congelation 219  
33. Of poison outwardly and inwardly 224   


Medicines set down in the Practice.  
1. An Amulet Epileptic. Sect. 3. Cap. 4.  
For the Rose 29  
2. A Balsam vulnerary 31  
3. A Bath for the scab 28  
4. A Cataplasm for a spreading Herpes. ib.  
5. A decoction for host and hearsnesse 14  
6. A decoction against Philtres, and other poison 33  
7. The Experiment of Countess Emylia 24  
8. Extract Granor. Acts, Quer. 26 

Lithontribon 25  
Antilemick 19    
9 Lac aureum 29  
10. A liquor of Snails and Elder-kernels, which is Anodine 27  
11. Oil topic in the Plague 19  
12. Oil of Elder-sugar 13  
13. Misture uterine 26  
14. Powder Traumattick 31  
15. Polychrestick of the buds 3  
16. Rob Antimelick of the Elder 19  
17. A specific in the Rose The Spirits of the Elder. 24  
18. Apoplectic 5  
19 Bezoartick 19  
29. Epileptic 4  
21. Hysterick 26  
22. Lythonthriptick 25  
23. Pneumatick 13  
24. Stomachick 21  
25. The syrup acetous of the Elder 19  
26. Sugar candid of the Elder 14  
27. Tragea Granorum Acts 22  
28. Trochiscation of Elder-stones 3  
29. A water Anodine, etc. 27  
30. A water-purge of the berries 24  
31. The Wine of the berries of Quercetan ib.    
Mundus regitur opinionibus.   

OF THE ANATOMY OF THE Elder or Boor Tree.  

SECT. 1.  
Of the Name, Kind's, Form, Place, and Quality of the ELDER TREE.  
SEeing the Elder is a Tree most known even to the rudest of the Commons, it seems a matter not worth the pains to describe it in many words; Nevertheless, lest in this respect our Treatise should seem lame, some things are to be prefaced out of the ancient and Modern Botanics.  

I. The Name.  
'Tis called by Dioscorides, and other Greeks, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, because it is a lover of brinks, and shadowy banks, as is thought by Pena and Lobel, in their Advers. of Plants, p. 434. which name Theophrastus Paracelsus hath retained, in whose, and the modern Chymist-writing, you will find frequent mention of Granorum Acts, and of Medicines prepared of them.  
'Tis called of the Latins, Sambucus, or by others, chiefly of Q. Serenus, as witnesseth Hugh Frida, Val. l. 2. the tuend. san. c. 26. Sabucus, from the likeness the musical Instrument called Sabuc, or Sambuck, hath with its hollow and pith-emptied rods; Pena and Job, in the place before cited. Whence till this day 'tis called by the Spaniards, Sabuco, or Sabugo; by the Germans, Holunder; or by contraction, Holder, albeit there be some which imagine 'tis from the many virtues thereof called Holder, as it were deduced from Hulder, Or Hulderich; but in this we will not contend with any. The Italian names it Sambuco; the French, Susier, Suyn, and Susau; the Bohemians, Bez; the English, the Elder tree; the Scots, Boor tree, or Bore tree; the Low Dutch, Ulier. See Tabernomontanus Herbal, part. 3. sect. 1. c. 62.   

II. The Kind's.  
Matthiolus and others speak of four kinds thereof: The Domestic, the Mountain, the Water Elder, and the Little Elder or Danwort; whereof the first and last are most commended in Medicine by Physicians, who herein follow Dioscord. viz. the Elder tree, properly so called, and the Ebulus called the less, Dwarf, or low Elder. But because both these kinds, as we will hear anon out of Dioscorides, differ little, or not at all, one from the other in virtue, I will describe here the Domestik, or Elder tree, properly so called, by which you may easily judge what is to be thought of the Ebulus.   

III. The Form.  
The Elder Tree in figure is like the Ash, sendeth forth long, small, reed-like branches, covered with an outward bark of an ash colour; the next rind to it is green, and that is yellow and succulent which next clotheth the wood; within which is contained a white and fungous pith; the leaves are like those of the Walnut tree, but less, growing by intervals by three, fours, yea if you look to both the sides of the branch, by five and seven, encompassing it together; of an heavy smell, lightly cut in edges. In the tops of the branches and twigs there springeth sweet and crisped umbels, swelling with white, sweet smelling flowers (in June before St. john's Eve) which by their fall give place to a many branched Grape, first green, then ruddy, lastly of a black, dark, purple colour, succulent and tumid, with its winish liquor. Of all the wild plants 'tis first covered with leaves, and last unclothed of them. We omit other descriptions, this being full.   

IV. The Place.  
The place of its nativity is every where, and scarce can you find any place where any other tree or shrub enmantle themselves in their green garments, which the bountiful enricher of Nature hath envied this treeling. But it most delighteth in hedges, orchards, and other shadowy places, or on the moist brinks of rivulets and ditches, unto which places 'tis thrust by the Gardeners, lest by its luxury and importunate increase, whereby yearly it doth spread and enlarge itself, it should possess the place of more honourable, as they conceive, and of more precious Plants.   

V. The Qualities and Virtues.  
The Qualities in general are described by Galen, lib. 6. Simpl. Medic. facul. sect. That it hath the force of desiccating, conglutinating, and digesting moderately; which word for word is repeated by the Galenick Physician Paulus of Aegian, lib. 7. Medic. ●. 3.  
Dioscorides? who, as Galen witnesseth, hath of all others written most accurately, most truly, and most learnedly of Plants) did long ago in more proper colours limn them in his fourth Book, and 175 Chapter, of the Matter of Medicine. These are his words.  
The faculty and use of both (he meaneth the Elder and Ebulus) is the same in exiccating, and drawing water from the belly: They are indeed troublesome to the stomach, nevertheless their leaves being boiled as potherbs, will purge bile and pituite: Their tender stalks being boiled in pot or pan effect the same. The root being boiled in wine and given in meat, helpeth the Hydroped; yea it helpeth those that are bitten of a Viper, drunk after the same manner. Being boiled with water for bathing, it softeneth and openeth the vulva, and corrects what enormities are there abouts. The berries thereof drunk with Wine work the same effect. Anointed on the hair, they make them black. The recent and tender leaves mitigate inflammations, being with Polent anointed thereon. Their anointing helps burning and the bitings of mad dogs. They conglutinate profound and fustulous ulcers, and helps the guttish, being together with the fat of a Bull or he Goat anointed.  
These virtues so nobilitate the Elder, that if after ages had not found out any, yet they are enough to commend it to us. But as in all other things (as Seneca witnesseth, Quest. Natur. l. 7. c. 31.) Nature doth not at once discover her mysteries, neither are her secrets promiscously laid open to all, being withdrawn and shut in her inmost Cabinets, out of which, some in this age, some in another, is received and unfolded. Even so here, one day hath taught another. And the later Physicians with more intent thoughts, falling into the contemplation both of other herbs, and of the Elder, they have tried it in many affections to be most wholesome; so that not undeservedly they esteem it a Panacaea, or All-heal: For what is given to others apart, experience proves together to be in the Elder. That I may say nothing of its wondrous and hid operations in expugning Epilepsies, Plague, Erysipelasses, and other malign affections, which shall be spoken of afterwards: It hath a wonderful force in purging out of the body all hurtful, bilous, pituitous, and especially serous humours, from which bud such troops of sicknesses, as is to be seen in that famous and learned Treatise of the ingenious Piso De serosa Colluvie. Besides 'tis Anodyne, and by rarifying the skin, and digesting the humours and vapours, it lulleth the pain, it provokes urine, sweat, expelleth the stone, provoketh the stopped flowers, and doth other rarities, according to the parts and preparation thereof. That not without cause, what the more sober and learned Chemists have attributed to their manifold Medicinal Mercury, Antimony, Vitriol, we may admit, admire, and acknowledge in our Elder, though I willingly confess with some difference; yea, we are more to admire this, seeing what is got in that Triad of Minerals, is got with such sweat and pains, by those indefatigasearchers of the many works and windings of Nature; but we attain our desire in this with light and little labour.    

SECT. 2.  
Of the Receipts of Medicaments drawn out of the Elder.  
BEfore we come to the Diseases cured by the Elder, 'tis worth our labour first to explain the Medicaments, which out of each part thereof, ought, and can be prepared, lest in divers affections the same with a great deal of loathing and labour be repeated, we will here set down the more curious and common, beginning with the Berries, as the best and last product of that Simple.  

CAPI.  
Of the Medicaments from the Berries.  

1. Of the Rob, Tincture, Extarct, or Essence,  
TAke the ripe Berries of the Elder picked from their stalks, press the juice out of them, which being strained is to be thickened on a soft and clear fire. Some in time of their inspissating add a little sugar, that the palate may relish it the better; and this is called the Rob of Elder berries with sugar. Of the Rob, or inspissat juice of the Berries without sugar, the Tincture and extract is prepared after this manner.  
Take a pound of this Rob, put it in a long and capacious Glass, called by the Chemists a Cucurbite, put thereon the spirit of Wine, or the proper spirits of the Elder, described in this Chapter, so that it be a handful high above it. The Glass being well closed, that the spirit may not exhale; digest it in Balneo four or five days, shaking the Glass twice a day: After that strain the whole matter contained in the Cucurbit, through grey paper. Take the strained liquor (which is obscurely reddish, and is called of some, the Tincture of the Elder or Granorum acts, and may be kept without further distillation to good purpose) put it in a Glass Cucurbit, and having put on the Alembick, distil it on a slow Balnean heat, till the Menstruum, or that spirit, drop by drop separate, and the extract of the berries remain in the bottom like honey. If the Menstruum be not totally extracted, that which remains in the Cucurbit is called by the modern Chemists, the liquid extract of Granorum Acts. You shall find another extract taken out of Quercetan in the third Section, and 26 Chapter.   

II. WINES.  
Take the Elder Berries cleaned of their stalks, beat them in a stone mortar, or earthen vessel, with a wooden pestle, till all the Kernels be well bruised; with this succulent matter fill the 8, 10, or 12 part of a little barrel, as you will have it of more or less efficacy, fill up the rest with Must, or new Wine, that they may work together.  
Some boil equal parts of this succulent matter and Must together, till the consumption of a third part of the whole, on a slow fire; then straining it through a thin linen cloth, they put it (as is said) in a greater quantity into a Barrel, put Must thereon, and so suffer them to work.  
Quercetans' receipt thereof is set down in seat. 3. cap. 24.  
This is an excellent way.  

R. Of Elder Berries well dried in an Oven, lib. 1.  
Cinnamon, the strongest and sharpest, unc. 3.  
Caryophill. Aromatic. ounc. 1. and an half.   
Being all grossly pulverised, sow them loosely in a knot; put them in a vessel that holds twelve English quarts, or thereabouts, fill up the rest with the best and most fragrant white Wine, and place it a fortnight or above in a Wine Cellar; which is to be used in time of repast, for 'tis an excellent stomachical drink, most delicious in colour, taste, and smell.   

III. The Spirit and Water.  
Take the ripe berries, express the juice, at least break them together, and let them stand in a wood vessel till they begin to ferment; and that they may work the sooner, some add a little of the yiest of beer or wine: some add none, but keep the same process. D. Finck. keeps in the extracting of the Spirit of black sweet Cherries, Enchiridii, c. 6. After the fermentation let them be distilled in a Vesica, and rectified according to Art.  
The rectification is best accomplished first in a Vesica, and then in Balneo; where in place of a Concurbit use a long-necked Viol., than the most spiritous part will de abstracted, the phlegm beating again the sides of the Viol will again fall down.  
Others prepare it thus;  
Take the ripe berries of the Elder dried in the weak heat of an oven, being pulverised grossly with a third part of Barley meal with them; being well mixed, put them in an Oaken Barrel, and put boiling water on them, in which some hops have been before macerated; stop the Vessel close, and suffer them to ferment some four or five days: To hasten the fermentation and digestion add some dregs of Wine or Beer, (as we have said before) distil and rectify it.  
But the first way is preferred deservedly by most, as more simple and pure: The Purging water, as it is extracted by Quercetan and others, out of the berries, is set down sect. 3. c. 24.   

IV. The Syrup and Tragea.  
The Syrup is thus prepared: Take of the juice extracted from the new gathered ripe berries, and clarified, lib. 1. Sugar clarified, lib. 1. boil it a little on a soft fire in a double Vessel, or in Bal. Mar. to the consistency of a liquid Syrup.  
You shall find the Tragea Granorum Acts, or the Tragea of the Bore-tree-berries set down in the 22 cap. of the third sect.   

V. Oil drawn out of the Stones or Kernels.  
Take the grains, or stones of these berries left in the cloth after the juice is strained from them, wash them well, and dry them in the air, bedew them with odoriferous white-Wine, and then in a press strongly squeeze out the oil of them, as you do out of the seeds of the flaxes or line, rocked Poppy or Henbane, and such like; that being purified by residency, keep it for your use in a glass; for 'tis an excellent Vomitive, and a good Balsam in externals.  
The Dose to take it inwardly, is a drachma, or a drachma and a half in hot ale, or some other convenient liquor.  
This Oil may be more Hematick and Cathartick, if instead of the Wine, the Kernels be bedewed with Malago, wherein Crocus metallorum hath been infused, and then Oil expressed out of them; which in the same dose will be much more effectual.    

CAP. II.  
Of the Medicines made of the Flowers of the Elder.  

1. CONSERVES.  
TAke the fresh flowers, pull them in little pieces, and to each ounce of them add two ounces of the whitest Sugar, incorporate them well together in a Marble Mortar with a wooden pestle: Expose it afterward in a Glass, or earthen Vessel to the Sun for some days; it being thus prepared, reserve it for your use.   

II. The SYRUP and HONEY.  
Take of the recent Flowers lib. 1. let them macerate 12 hours in lib. 6. of warm fountain water; having expressed and strained the liquor, put in again recent flowers, yea do it the third time. Add four ounces of the whitest Sugar to each five ounces of the liquor that is last strained, boil them up to a Syrup according to art.  
But if in place of the Sugar you add the same quantity of Honey, and boil it to a fitting consistence, you have Mel Sambucinum, which is commended by some.   

III. The WATER and SPIRITS.  
There is sundry ways of distilling Waters from Herbs and Flowers set down by Wecker, Euonimus, Quercetan, and others; this is the easiest.  
Takes as many of the Flowers of the Elder as you list, put a sufficient quantity of warm water thereon, let them marcerate a night, and then distil them per Vesicam.  
That which distilleth first is excellent, the next is worse, beware than thou urge them not too much; pour the water on fresh flowers, distil them the second time; yea reiterate it the third time; so you shall have water fit for the uses set down afterward in the practice; for that which is extant in the Apothecary's shops, is nothing but mere phlegm, not worthy the name of distilled water. No wonder then the sick so seldom find the wished and expected fruits thereof. If from a part of this water in a long necked Viol, in a soft Balnean heat, you extract the more spirituous part, in quantity about the twelfth part thereof, you will have a most fragrant and penetrating Spirit. Or prepare the Spirit as Quercetan hath set down in lib. 1. Pharm. Dogm. restitut. cap. 7. and D. Sennertus' way, Inst. Med. lib. 5. part. 3. sect. 3. cap. 5. is it not much different.  
The Cake which remains in the Vesica after the distillation of the water, called of the Chemists Caput Mortuum, is not to be thrown away, but to be reserved for the uses set down in the Practice.   

IV. The VINEGAR and OXIMEL.  
Pour upon the fresh, or half withered flowers of the Elder, the Vinegar of white Wine; let them stand in a close stopped glass Vessel in the Sun, or some other hot place; that the Vinegar more exactly may draw out the virtue of the flowers, let the flowers remain in the Vinegar, till it have drawn out fully all the virtue from them, which you may easily know by its fragrant smell, and golden colour. After strain the Vinegar, and reserve it for your use.  
An excellent and red Vinegar may be prepared of the flowers and juice of the branches, which is frequent in France, as Lobell and Pena witness in their Advers. stirpium nov. p. 434.  
Take instead of the juice of the branches, the berries of the Elder dried in the slow heat of an Oven or Furnace; and upon them put the Vinegar of the flowers, well purified by straining and subsidency; which being impregnant with the shining transparent purple, I pour it off, and put on new still, so long as they are able to give it a purple tincture. The sour Syrup of the Elder is described sect. 3. c. 19  
The Oximel of the Elder, which Quercetan. in Pharm. Dogm. restit. lib. 1. c. 10. mentioneth, is thus prepared.  

Take of Honey scummed well lib. 1.  
Of Elder Vinegar lib. 5.  
Of Simple water, or water of Elder Flowers lib. 1.   
Being mixed, put them in a Cucurbit, and let them be boiled in Balneo to a fit consistence. You may use here the simple Vinegar, either of the flowers, or that which is by the infusion of the berries of a purple die, as it shall please the fancy of the Physician or his Patient.   

V. WINF.  
Take of the Umbels of the Elder dried in the shadow, as much as you will; which being pulled in little pieces, put them in a knot of fine thin linen, with some little clean white stones (to make the knot sink) throw it into a vessel full of Must; let the wine work. Some bid take a pound of the flowers, rightly dried and picked off their stalks, to 60 Congions or 70 Gallons of Wine, and promise after the working of the Wine it shall be of an excellent Muscadel taste and smell.  
Mark, that whatsoever Apples or fruits are covered and wrapped in the flowers of the Elder Tree, shall acquire a taste and smell much like Muscadel Pears.   

VI The OIL.  
1. Take as much as you will of the fresh flowers beaten, put them in a Vessel of glass, pour on them a sufficient quantity of clear Salad Oil, macerate them in the Sun, or some other hot place for 15 days; then decoct it in a double vessel; strain the flowers, cast them away; put in fresh ones; proceed as you did before, reiterate your practice the third time, and having strained it, keep it in a convenient vessel.  
Mark, that those gross dregs of the flowers, and of all other things that are macerate in Oil, and strained from it, is called of the Physicians, Stymma, which take notice of now, that you may remember it when 'tis mentioned hereafter.  
2. The following Oil of the flowers is commended of many.  
Take a Cucurbite or Glass of middle capacity; fill a third part thereof with Elder flowers gathered in a clear pure day; put so much Malvatick Wine thereon, that the third part at least of the glass may remain empty; having stopped the mouth well, expose it to the Sun a fortnight: then putting the whole matter in a glaspot on a slow fire of Charcoal, heat it a little; then strain it with great force into another clean vessel, above which within a little while you shall see a yellowish Oil to swim, which by a funnel or separatory, you are to separate from the rest of the liquor according to art.  
The liquor that remaineth will serve for the maceration of fresh flowers, which you are to reiterate sometimes, and in divers vessels, seeing at one time you will get but little Oil.  
3. The Oil is prepared by distillation, after the manner Sennerte and others prepare the Oil of Roman Cammomile flowers, and of other sweet smelling flowers; thus, Take the flowers of the Elder dried betwixt two linen clothes in the air, being pulled in little pieces, put them in an earthen vessel, or large Cncurbite; to every pound of flowers add an ounce and half of common salt, and having a span high covered them with warm water, leave them in digestion ten days, or more, after distil them in Vesica; and according to art separate the Oil from the water.    

CAP. III.  
Of the Medicines of the Buds or Breaking's of the Elder.  

I. The POWDER.  
TAke as much as you will of the buds, or first breaking's forth of the leaf of the Elder; being dried in the shadow, pulverise them: either keep this Powder by itself, or mix it with equal parts of Sugar.  
The many Medicinal Powder of the Buds is described sect. 3. cap. 3.   

II. The CONSERVE.  
Take the fresh tender buds smally cut, lib. 5. of the purest Sugar, lib. 1. upon a slow Charcoal fire, mix them well together with a stone pestle, and expose them in an earthen pan eight days to the Sun's rays.   

III. The SYRUP.  
Take of the Juice pressed out of these first buds and breaking of the Bore-tree out of the tree and ground, and by subsidency purified from the dregs lib. 11. of fine white Sugar lib. 1. s. or q. s. let them be concocted with a slow balneal fire to the consistency of a Syrup; which being aromatised with half an ounce of choice Cinnamon, and two drachmas of Cloves, is to be reserved in a glass vessel.    

CAP. IU.  
Of the Medicines taken from the Leaves, middle Bark, Roots, Pith, and Sponge.  

I. The WATER.  
Take the fresh leaves of the Elder, and they being grossly beat or cut, fill the half of a Vesica with them, and put a sufficient quantity of warm water on them; macerate them therein for a night, and distil them; put the distilled water on fresh leaves, distil them again. After the same manner, of the green and succulent bark water is prepared.  
There are some that of the succulent roots, pith, and sponges by themselves, or mixed together, do distil waters, which they much commend in Hydropsies, which first are to be well shred and macerated a night inconvenient liquor, that their virtues may be more easily drawn out of them.   

II. The SYRUP.  
As of the Juice of the Buds, so from the Juice of the middle bark, or roots, a Syrup may be prepared for the nicer sort, if a sufficient quantity of Sugar be put to the juice, well clarified, and on a soft fire boiled to a syrup; and after the same manner aromatised.  
These syrups indeed are esteemed less efficacious than the crude juices, seeing in their boiling they lose something of their Cathartick faculty, which Fernele observed. Nevertheless they are more safe, and less noisome to the stomach, and the rest of the entrails. Therefore their dose is according to their strength to be augmented.   

III. OILS and LINIMENTS.  
1. An useful Oil is prepared of the middle bark, macerated in old clear let Oil, and expressed, as was spoken in the Flowers.  
2. Of the Bark and Leaves prepare them thus; Take of the middle Bark and Leaves, equal parts, fry them in May Butter and Linsed Oil, or in any one of these, with a soft fire; when they are a while fried, press out the leaves and bark; put in fresh leaves and bark again, fry them, and express; do so the third time.  
3. The Lineament or unguent which is set down in Matthiol. super Diosc. l. 4. c. 168. Take of the green bark of the Elder which is next the outward ash coloured rind, being of an herb colour, lib. 1. of Oil washed off in the water of Elder flowers lib. 2. let them warm a while together, then strain and press them; to this add of new well smelling wax, of the juice of the twigs of the Elder ounce 4. then suffer them again to boil till the juice be consumed. Take it then from the fire, stir and mix all together; and at last add of liquid Varnish ounc. 2. of white Frankincense beat to dust, ounc. 4. likewise add two whites of eggs, first well beat; mix all diligently, and keep it in a clean vessel.  
4. Another Lineament which the most happy Plater. used to prepare. Take of the middle bark of the Elder one ounce and half; of the juice of its more tender leaves one drachma, Linsed Oil washed in the water of Elder flowers two ounces; of Barrowgrease so washed onu. 1. of good yellow wax one ounce and half, of Frankincense one ounce, boil them in the water of the flowers of the Elder, in a closed pot and when they; are cold, gather and keep the Ointment that swims above. Of all these we will speak in burning, and other external affects.  
The rest of the Medicines that are prepared of the parts of the Elder, are copiously set down in the places that handle the diseases to which they are appropriate, and there they are to be found.    

CAP. V.  
Of the Salt and its Spirit.  

I. The SALT.  
Salted is prepared not only of the flowers and leaves after the distillation of waters, and expression of juice; but of the bark and whole tree For all are to be dried, burned in a clear and open fire, reduced to ashes; of these ashes make a Lie with pure and clean water, still pouring on firesh water, till all the saltishnes be extracted; boil the Lie, being filtrate, in an earthen vessel on a soft fire, till the water exhale, and the salt be left; which by a reiterate solution, filtration, and coagulaion, is to be purified.  
The most gallantway of purifying such like Salts, by the means of the spirit or Oil of common Salt, is set down in the 19 Chapter of Finckius Enchirid. Hermit.  
Some praise this process, R. of the burned ashes of Elder and Sulphur, equal parts, being mixed, calcine them with a reverberatory fire, or in a Potter's Furnace; after extract a Lie with the water of the flowers of the Elder; which being filtrate and boiled to a half on a slow fire, is to be placed in a Cellar, that the salt may run in Crystals.   

II. The Spirit of the Salt of the Elder.  
R. Of the Salt of the Elder, lib. 1. of common Bowl lib. 3. being well powdered and mixed together, put them in well Luted Retort, fit to it an ample Recipient, and having closed the commissures, add fire by degrees. First there shall still a waterish liquor, than the spirits shall follow; augment the fire, and keep it in the same degree, lest the spirits remit, so long till no more spirits flow, and the recipient become clear; the vessel being cold, and the clay that luted them together being with a wet cloth for an hour together softened, that the recipient may be separate without breaking the glasses, you shall find the spirit of the Elders salt, which is separate from its phlegm by distilling in Balneo.  
The Lute, for arming your glasses, and luting them to their recipients, is set down by Begwine, l. c. 6. Tyrocin. Chym. By Libavius l. 1. Epist. 24. Epist. Chymicarum, and others.  
Others use other ways of distilling the spirits of vegetable salts, which the famous Senart. mentions by the by, Instit. Medic. pag. 1215. but we may use all things we use in distilling the spirit of common salt: of which see Sennert. and Begwine, l. 2. c. 6. Tyros. Chymio. and others.     

SECT. III.  
Showing the practice of the ELDER, and Medicines belonging thereto.  
WE have considered already the nature and qualities of the Elder, and in a most short and clear way set down its Medicines. It remains we briefly show the practice thereof, and how 'tis a safe Medicine for most Diseases that follow our frailty; and of other preparations specific to each part. We begin with the affections of the head.  

CAP. I.  
Of Cephalalgia.  
IN mitigating the pain of the head, and removing the distempers thereof in women, we use happily the Cake of the flowers of the Elder, left in the Vesica after the distillation of the water; it must not be burned; which being dedewed with the vinegar of the flowers we apply it to the head, and with the besprinkling of frech vinegar, renew it. It rarifieth the skin, and by digesting the vapours. dispels them.  
Some use rose cakes bedewed with the vinegar of the Elder, which where the heat is more vehement, the brain more sensible, and more offended with the piercing smell is far better.  
Or, 

R. Take of recent Elder leaves two handfuls.  
Of Rose and water Lillie flowers, of each one handful.   Being shorn and pounded, pour on them a like quantity of Elder vinegar, and the water distilled out of the flowers, press out strongly the juice; mix with it expressed two whites of eggs well beat; in which dip a double linen cloth, and apply it to the head oft in the day. The water of the flowers mixed with the white of an egg and a littile vinegar, is most comfortable in any Cephalalgia; chief in a Feverish, being applied to the brows, temples, and crown of the head. The vinegar by itself is fitly used in the pain that proceeds or follows drunkenness.  
Or draw out with the vinegar and distilled water of the flowers, from the kernels of the Peach and bitter Almond, amilky Emulsion, wherein dip a linen cloth, and apply it oft to the brows and crown of the patient.  
Pliny saith, That the juice of the Elder helps the collections of the brain, and especailly mitigateth the tunicle wherein it is next enwrapped.  
This decoction is excellent to dispel the vapours of the brain, and make one sleep sound, if the legs and arms be sound rubbed therewith when you go to sleep. Take six umbels of the Elder flowers when they are full, of Anise umbleses, of Roman Camomile flowers one handful, six Poppy-heads with their seed; being put together, beat them in rain water: If the evil hath its fuel from the stomach, matrix, or other parts, they are first to be remedied after that manner as is declared, particularly in each part. 'Tis enough here to have touched this Topick.   

CAP. II.  
Of Raving and Wake.  
THe same things are profitable here, that are set down in the remedy of the Cephalalgie; seeing it oft these riseth to forerun or accompany maladies, adding ever to these some grainsof Opium, or a little of the seed of white Poppy, to mitigate and allay the furious and fiery spirits. For example, Take of the best water of Elder flowers 4 dr. of water Lillie and Rosewater of each 2 drach. of Thebaick Opium half a scrup. of Elder Vinegar to dissolve the Opium 6 scrup. mix them for an Epithenie, wherein a double or treble linen cloth being wet, is to be applied warm to the brows and crown of the head.  
Or in place of the Opium, an ounce of the seeds of white Poppy; and by baking according to art, make an Emulsion, unto which you may fitly add the white of an egg well beaten.  
If the belly be bound, dissolve of the Syrup or juice of the berries, and also of the infusion of the flowers of the Elder, ounc. 3, or 4. in the water of the flowers, and give it when the Patient is dry like a Julip; for it will not only open the belly, but sweetly quiet the spirits.  
When in Anno 1626. the Plague was raging in Haina, and many of the infected were troubled with head aches, rave, and wake; a worthy man told me, he found no readier help to dissipate those venomous vapours, and bring sleep in his own and others bodies; then after the giving of several medicines, to bind their heads about with the flowers of the Elder.   

CAP. III.  
Of Melancholy, and chiefly hypocondriac and flatulent.  
IN hypocondriac Melancholy 'tis profitable first of all, if the diseased be prone to vomit, to provoke it by the Oil of the infusion of the flowers and bark of the Elder; lest by preparing and purging Medicines, those crude and excrementitious humours, which oft are gathered in the stomach be carried to the more principal parts of the body, and augment the obstructions.  
Or give of the syrup made of the sap of the buds and berries an ounce, br. 1. s. with some grains of the extract of Scammony, and 3 guts of the Oil of Elder flowers distilled, in the distilled water of the flowers thereof.  
Or use the Clyster that is described in the 22 cap. following.  
After this, the Wine which is drawn out of the berries and flowers, is not of meanest worth, for it opens obstructions, cuts gross humours, and by little and little thrusts them to the door Moreover it refresheth the vital and animal spirits. Drink a cup full thereof each morning for a month, taking before a spoonful or two of fresh broth, or a saft egg.  
That it may work more safely, you may each week mix with the use of these, once or twice, the manifold working powder of the buds of the Elder; which is thus prepared;  

Take of Elder buds dried in the shade, half an ounce.  
Of Elder Kernels Trochiscated,  
Of Sennie leaves,  
Of Christallised Elder salt, of each three drachmas,  
Of the extract of Scammony, two drachmas,  
Of Galengale, of Macer, of each half a drachma,   
Being all subtly pulverised, distil upon them.  

Of the Oil of Cloves,  
Of Fennicle, of each six drops,  
Of Cinnomon,  
Of Carvi, of each three drops.   
Let them be mixed exactly in a Marble Mortar for a Powder, whose dose is from a scruple to a drachma.  
The Trochiscation, or preparation of the seeds or kernels of Elder is thus; Take one ounce of the lesser Esula, prepared as is known in infusion in Vinegar, and grossly pulverised. Infund it in the Spanish Wine of Peter Simons, lib. 5. let them macerate 8 days in the Sun, or in winter in the chimney corner, the mouth of the glass being well stopped; after strain them through grey paper, and purify them. Take the clean Arillas of the Elder berries, dry them, pulverise them, and with a sufficient quantity of the infusion of Esula, make them in paste; dry it; being dried, bedew them with the same infusion, and again work it into paste; of which from your Trochisces; dry them, and keep them for your use.  
And because those excrementitious humours lurking about the stomach, and vicine places, and much troubling both the Physician and Patient, in all hypocondriac Diseases, are more easily evacuate by vomit then purge, you may use commodiously the oil of the kernels of the Elder, prepared by bedewing them with the infusion of Antimony, as as hath been shown in the second Section; a little after drinking warm water, vomit is pvovoked; and that obstructions may be sooner dissolved, and the matter drawn out of the Meseraick veins into the intestines; besides these internal things, use this fotus.  

Take of the bar; of Elder Roots, ounce 1. s.  
Of well dried Elder flowers, M. 3.   
Make a decoction in equal parts of Wine and Water; and that it may penetrate the more, add as much as you think fit of the Vinegar of the Elder; in which fomentation dip a sponge, and therewith foment the whole belly, but chiefly the left Hypochondre.  
See the other hereafter in the 23 Chapter of the Misenteries obstruction.  
For the altering of the blood and spirits in the true, and in the Hypochondriac Melancholy; after generals, the syrup of the juice of the berres, and infusion of the flowers of Elder, is praised; of each of which, in the morning fasting, every day, let the Patient take oun. 1. in the water of the flowers of Borage.  
You are likewise to take a care that the belly be kept open; which is to be done by the Syrup and the Clyster mentioned in the 2 cap.  
In the Paroxysm of your Hypochondriac Melancholy give a spoonful of the spirit of the flowers of Elder in a draught of Malmsey, for it dissipateth the ascending vapours, and strengtheneth the spirits.   

CAP. IU.  
Of the Epilepsy.  
AS this is a grievous, and a disease much to be lamented; so I may say, it expects its most specific cure, almost from the Elder.  

The Cure of Children.  
To Infants newborn, before you give them any thing to swallow, you may give them with great profit. a spoonful of the syrup of the infusion of the flowers, or juice of the Elder-berries, to evacuate that putrid, yellowish, and sometime blackish water gathered in the stomach, and parts about, while the infant is in the mother's belly.  
For these Syrups do not only change and evacuate, but they also preserve from, and resist malignity.  
Macerate a handful of Elder flowers well dried in the wine, which the best sort use to wash their newborn babes in; for it consumes the humours gathered about the joints, and comforts the members. This is also commended, Take of the powder of the simple buds 1 drach. of the whitest sugarcandy 1 drach. of the berries of herb Paris Number 6. pulverise them most subtly, of which give half a scruple for 9 days together, in the water of Elder flowers, or any other convenient liquor you please.  
In the Paroxysm, the least spoonful of the spirit of the flowers given with three or five of the seeds of Peony excorticat, is praised.  
Or, of Peony excorticat 2 drach. of the best water of Elder-flowers one ounce and a half, of Linden flower-water half an ounce.  
Make an Emulsion according to art, which being edulcerate Rotalis manus Christi perlatis, give it by spoonfuls.  
Let the Nurse sometimes take the Conserves, Syrup, or water of Elder flowers, or having taken the spirit, juice, or extract of the berries, let her provoke smell, that thereby her milk being clear of the sharper and more malignant serosities, may be the more wholesome.  
I knew an infant, which being taken sometime with Epileptic fits, each day, with a great deal of crying, and pain of belly, did dung a yellowish greenish matter; whom neither Clysters, nor cleansing Linctussies did any good. I counselled his mother, seeing I saw her milk more serous and thin, that she should twice or thrice a week take the rhob, or juice of the Elder-berries, mixed with burned Harts-horns; and drink a draught of the water of the flowers above it, and provoke herself to sweat in her bed, or couch: Which being done, not only the Epileptic fits, but also those painful wring of the child's belly did cease; and by little and little, the excrements came to their natural form.   

The cure of those that are come to age.  
In those that are come to age 'tis first necessary above all things, to purge the body well.  
In the Spring time macerate the bark of the roots of Elder in the whey of Cow's milk, which being dulcerat with Sugar, let him each morning take a hearty draught thereof.  
Or, 

Take the Polichrestick powder of the buds two scruples, or one drachma.  
Of recent Rob of the Elder, well thickened with good Sugar, as much as will make a bowl.    
Or take the prescribed bowl; dissolve it in the whey of Milk, add thereto the Syrup made of Juice of the buds and berries, ounce I. mix it; prepare a draught: But if the Patient be prone to vomit, give him the oil expressed out of the kernels.  
The spirit of the flowers and berries of the Elder in, and out of the Paroxysm, is of great power; but it may be made more efficacious thus:  

R. Take of the middle bark of the Elder,  
Of the roots of Poeonie, of each six drachms,  
Of dried Elder leaves and buds,  
Of Lynden-tree flowers, of each one handful.  
Of Rew-seed two drach.  
Of the Berries of herb Paris, numb. 20.  
Of Jews-ears, numb. 6.   
This being cut and pounded, put as much of the spirit of the Elder thereon, as will be a hand broad high above them, and in a hot place, and well stopped vessel, macerate them eight days; distil them in glass vessels in B. M. till they be dry; mix with them the distilled spirits, the salt drawn out of its dregs, and keep it for the Anti-Epileptick Spirit of the Elder.  
Whereof give a whole, or half spoonful to the Epileptic in the time of his Paroxysm; afterwards using it every quarter of the Moon, to dissipate the Epileptic corruption by sweeting; or insensible transpiration▪ and to guard the brain.  
With this same, in the time of the fit, rub the nostrils, gums, and palate, adding thereto a Grain or two of Castor.  
Herein likewise excels the tincture and extract of Granorum Acts; the preparation and using of which is set down in the 31 Chapter out of Quercetan.  
Or, 

Take of Granorum acts scrup. 1.  
Of the berries of Herb Paris, pulverised, half a scrup.    
Mix them, and form pills thereof, numb. 15. or being dissolved in the Anti epileptic Spirit of the Eldergive them in the Paroxysm.  
Mark by the way, That the berries of herb Paris, called by some Bear or Wolf grapes, is held by some Matrons, as a great secret against the Epilepsy: and they give them ever in an unequal number, as 3, 5, 7 or 9, in the water of Linden Tree flowers or of the roots of Squamaria; which I myself have found effectual in some children. Seeing these berries are mixed with some Antidotes, especially with the Saxonian, and half a drachm of the seeds of these berries, as Matthiolus relates, being given, avail much against long sickness, and Witchcraft, it should not seem strange to any man, that they much help in the Epilepsy, if they consider seriously the malign nature of the Epileptic vapour, and its enmity with the brain.  
Some affirm, that the water of the flowers drawn up into the nose prevails much against the Epilepsy and Vertigo. In the same affects the eyes and face are to be washed oft with this water.  
Anoint gently, in the fit itself, the contracted members, with the oil of the flowers of the first description, that thereby the Acrimony of the humours and vapours may be mitigate, that the matter may be dissipate, and the nerves comforted.  
The oil of the second and third description, or the distilled oil, is much commended; if the palms of the hands, and soles of the feet, if the temples of the head and nape of the neck be anointed therewith.   

Annulets.  
There is likewise set down a singular Amulet, made of the Elder growing on a Sallow. If in the month of October, a little before the full Moon, you pluck a twig of the Elder, and cut the cane that is betwixt two of its knees, or knots in nine pieces; and these pieces being bound in a piece of linen, be in a thread so hung about the neck, that they touch the spoon of the heart, or the sword-formed Cartilege; and that they may stay more firmly in that place, they are to be bound thereon with a linen or silken roller wrapped about the body, till the thread break of itself. The thread being broken, and the roller removed, the Amulet is not at all to be touched with bare hands, but it ought to be taken hold on by some instrument, and buried in a place that no body may touch it. Petraeus Nosilog. Harmon. l. 1. dissert. 6. Finkius Ench. Harm. c. 5. The cause of which is not absolutely hid, seeing the Elder and its grains help this disease. These are the words of Petraeus in the mentioned place.  
There are some that ascribe the same effect to the Boar tree, growing on the Tylia or Linden tree, seeing both by a peculiar property are anti-epileptick; some hang a cross made of the Elder and Sallow, mutually in wrapping one another about the children's neck, Petr. Loco Allegat.  
Albeit there be some that deny all specific operation to Annulets of the Elder growing on the Sallow and Linden tree, and to all other Annulets. Nevertheless their reasons are not of such weight, that they satisfy the mind of a desirous learner; 'tis not impossible that so little a piece of the Elder bound to the skin should break the force of so stubborn a disease: for though it do not draw out sensibly the vicious humours, yet it may act against the morbific cause, and rout it some other way, by alluring, and some other way expugning those vicious humours, and that malignant Miamse, most noisome to the brain, it having in little bulk great force; which being or removed, 'tis likely the Epilepsy will cease, though the humours remain; if they be not altogether corrupt: which humours are to be purged, according to the diversities of constitutions, before you use such Annulets. Read Sennert. l. de Cons. & dissen. Gal &. Chymic.  
Whereas they object, That in all these Annulets do not hold: This will not prove that they are not endued with an Anti-epileptick faculty; otherwise many famous Medicaments should be called in question, seeing many times they are disappointed of their actings in some subjects; because it may be they are not used in fit quantity, time, or after due prepration, or some other errors are committed, which may hinder the best, and most approved Medicine to take effect; neither is it in the power always of the Physician or Medicine, that the diseased should be relieved: some times the evil excels the cunningest art.    

CAP. V.  
Of the Apoplexy and Palsy.  
AS preservative a against the Apoplexy and Palsy, the Salt of the Elder is much commended, if it be mixed with a third part of the volatile salt of Amber (which volatile salt useth to stick to the neck of the retort, in the distillation of the oil of Amber) and given in the time of the new Moon, or full moon, in a convenient liquor, in the weight of a scruple, or half a drachma. The salt of the Elder must be first excellently Crystallized in the water of Sage, as you know.  
Amwald desires that three parts of the extract of black Hellebore be mixed with the Rob of Elder; which he commends as a gallant specific against the Apoplexy, and all noisome affections of the brain. The receipt is set down in his Treatise, Panacea Amwaldina, fol. 23.  
Pulvis Tureonum Polychrestus, doth not only purge the stomach and nearest vessel, but likewise the brain from its gross, pituite, and serous humours, whereof give a drachma thereof when it is needful in form of a Pill.  
Oxymel Samb. is likewise useful in these cold distempers of the brain; whereof give oft in the water of Sage, a little masted before purging, at least two or three ounces for the cutting and preparing that gross matter.  
The Spirit likewise distilled from the Berries is excellent, if once a week, or at least each quarter of the Moon, a spoonful thereof mixed with crumbs of wheat bread, and a little sugar, for it consumes the phlegmatic humours, and drieth and comforteth the brain, and 'tis taken in place of a simple Anti-epileptick, as we have said in the former Chapter, Or.  
You may prepare it new thus, only for this affection, in what quantity you please, thus; 

Take of Sage, Margerum, Ivy Arthritica, of each two drachmas.  
Of Cowslip flowers, Conval Lily flowers, of each one drach. and an half.  
Of Rochet seed, two drachmas.   Which, all being cut, and grossly pulverised, are to be macerated in a sufficient quantity of the spirit of Elder, and after eight days to be distillid in B. M. till they be dry; for the Apoplectic spirit of the Elder; in a part of which Castoreum may be dissolved, and oft times transcolate; of which mixture a spoonful, chiefly in the time of the Paroxysm, should be instilled, as the cause is of exigency, and with the same rub the palate, nostrils, crown of the head, and nuke of the neck.  
Two or three drops of the oil of the second or third description, or distilled, being instilled in the ear, or anointed on the palate, after the manner the spirit is thought to help the rest.  
Mark, That those things we have now commended, have chief place in that Apoplexy that proceeds from pituite or other gross humours, and is familiar to old men; but that which proceeds from depression of the skull, or inflammation of the brain, is to be cured by other Medicines, that is not our part here to handle.  

Of the Palsy.  
But if the Apoplexy end in a Palsy of the sides, or other members, as it useth, having observed those universals, for the provision of whole body and brain, 'tis necessary oft in the week to provoke sweat.  
Half an ounce of the Apoplectic Spirit of the Elder is useful here; also two drachms of the rob of the berries in Sage water.  
Or, 

Of the extract of the Rohob of the Elder, drach. 5. and an half.  
Antimony diaphoretic, most white, half a drachm.    
Of which every morning give to the Paralytic, they being exactly mixed, 1 drachm in 2 or 3 ounces of the decoction of the root of the great Burdock, and command him, that being well lapped in his bed, he sweat for half an hour; and that he may sweat more freely and fully you may mix with the potion half an ounce of the Apoplectic spirit of the Elder.   

Topics.  
The enervat, or hanging members are twice a day to be rubbed, first with hard sharp clothes; afterward with the spirit drawn out of the berries, and inebriate with the essence of Cephalick herbs. So those gross and viscid humours that trouble the nerves, and compress them, and stop the passage of the animal spirits, will be attenuate, and dissipate, and the stupefied spirits will be raised and alured.  
Nevertheless, lest by these hot, and much drying spirits, the matter itself and neures should be hardened, you are to mix with the oil of the infusion of the flowers of the Elder a third of the oil drawn from the Kernels of its berries, and this will attemperate the too too much exsiccating heat, and nevertheless digest and consume the matter. In this case likewise, the decoction of the root of the Elder and Ebulus in simple water is much praised.  
And seeing oft times the Palsy of the tongue, and difficulty of speaking remains, the tongue is oft times to be rubbed, and humectated with a sponge, dipped in the Apoplectic spirit of the Elder.    

CAP. VI  
Of Catarrhs.  
IN this the Wine prepared of the flowers and berries, is much commended, because it excellently purgeth the body of that serous inundation, of which, after you have taken a little broth, drink a cupful in the morning.  
The simple Powder of the buds of the Elder, taking a scruple thereof in a soft egg, or in some syrup, or in a spoonful of the Oximel of the Elder in the Spring, or Harvest, for 14 days each morning, and fasting two hours at least after it, doth mightily consume the Catarrhous matter. Or instead of the Powder use the Conserve of the buds, mixed with the third part of the Conserve of the flowers; the Dose ounc. s.  
If the body stand in need of greater evacuation, exhibit once or twice the polichrestick powder of the buds.  
The salt of the Elder by itself, or mixed with the third part of the volatile salt of Amber, dose scrup. 1. is esteemed likewise the spirit of the Elders salt, taking weekly six drops thereof, or more in broth made of flesh.  
Also, a spoonful or two of the spirit of the berries and flowers, taken with crumbs of bread and sugar.  
Concerning other things, especially sweetening, which is sometimes conducible to consume the matter in this disease, read the precedent Chapter.   

CAP. VII.  
Of the Toothache.  
seeing this disease oft flows from defluxions, those things are to be first used that are set down in the former Chapter.  

Topics.  
We will only prescribe here Topics made of the Elder. Raymund Minder, in his Military Medicine, cap. 10. commends much the decoction of the roots in Wine and Vinegar, used to gargarise with, and protests that no one Medicine sooner easeth this great pain.  
For Example, 

Take of the roots of Elder cut in slices, two ounces and an half.  
Of Elder, or simple Vinegar, of white Wine, of each six ounces.   Boyl them for a water to wash the mouth, which is oft to be spit out, and renewed.  
Or, 

Take of the middle Elder bark,  
Of Elder flowers, of each an handful,  
Of Jews ears one.    
Boyl them likewise in a sufficient quantity of Vinegar and Wine, and use it. Where there is a suspicion of worms in the hollow tooth, the hollowness is to be filled with the spongiola of the Elder; at last it is to be held hard betwixt the teeth: Likewise the vapour of the former decoction may be received through a funnel at the mouth.  
They make Tooth-pickers, and Spoons of Elder, to which they attribute much in preserving from this pain. The common people take these tooth-pickers, being bloody with pricking and picking the tooth, and glue them to the Trunk of an Elder, which is irradiated with the morning Sun beams; they pull away the bark, and cover the place with rosin of the Pine: and thus they cure all toothaches.  
'Tis not apparent by what virtue this is done; when, may be, that is attributed to the incision, which ought to be attributed to the blooding, or time of continuance, wherein most diseases are eased. But we leave every man to his judgement, Scal. Exerc. 183. sect. 11.  
If from a defluction, the gums and cheeks do swell, anoint them with the oil of the infusion of the flowers of the Elder, and put the dregs or crassament of them to it, for they will digest and resolve it.    

CAP. VIII.  
Of the Affects of the eyes.  
PLaterus Tom. 2. praxeos. hath observed, that Surgeons used to apply to sore eyes a Pill of the Elder, macerated in common, or Rose water, or other convenient, to mitigate the pain.  
The water of the flowers of the Elder, mixed with a like proportion of Rose water, wonderfully mitigateth ophthalmike pains, and strengtheneth the sight; into which sometimes prepared tutty in a knot is to be put, to ease the itch, and a sponge of the Elder, macerated in Pennyroyal water, to be applied to the nuke or hollow of the neck.  
This following liquor anointed on the eyelids with a feather is profitable.  
R. Elder flowers gathered in the month of June, before the rising of the Sun, and picked from their stalks as much as you will; beat them in a Marble Morter; and in a glass well stopped, expose them for a month to the rays of the Sun; them let then be involved in a leavened Rye loaf, and baked with other bread in an oven; which being taken out and opened, you shall find an oleaginous liquor, which you must carefully preserve in another glass for your use.  
The tender and recent leaves, with polent or barley meal, applied to inflammations, doth mitigate them, by dissolving and digesting, as was taught before by Dioscorides; which may be used externally in Ophthalmies, general Medicines being premised. Or rather use this Cataplasm, which did much help in a more vehement tumour of the eyelids, whereby the whole eye was hid. Make of the Mucilage of the seed of Psyllium, and Linseed, extracted by the best water of Elder flowers, of each six drachmas, add of Elder oil half an ounce, and as much meal of the flowers as will suffice.  
Make thereof a Cataplasm.  
The little sponge of the Elder macerate well in the best water of the flowers till they swell great, do wipe away gallantly the dirt and matter in those blemishes, and in all other wounds and ulcers of the eyes, immediately laying thereon a tender and recent Elder leaf.  
They say that the ashes thereof blown in the eye, hath consumed a beginning Panincle.   

CAP. IX.  
Of the Diseases of the Ears and Hearing.  
FOments of the decoction of Elder, and Camomile flowers, mitigates the pain of the ears. The oil of the infusion of the flowers may be with profit anointed; or adding the meal of the flowers, make thereof a Cataplasm, which is to be applied hot to the whole region of the ears.  
The difficulty of hearing, through gross humours and vapours that possess the auditory organs, is greatly helped after you have used universals, and the polychrestick buds of the Elder, by the vapour of the decoction of the roots and leaves of the Elder, made in a fit Lixive, in the which Lixive, if you add Origanum, the ears are to be oft washed, and still well dried.  
The same vapour takes away the tingling, whistling, and other sounds of the ear, which are also remedied by a drop or two of the oil of the flowers of the second or third description, being put on a bombaceous tent, thrust in the ears, for it consumes and dissipates the flatuosities, from which these arise.  
Some who suspect the unctuosity of the oil, use after the same manner the spirit of the flowers and berries; chiefly the apoplectic, which by its penetrating force doth discuss them egregiously.  
The juice pressed out of the recent leaves, with a little Wine, and instilled in the ears, doth cleanse the filth of the exulcerate ears, and kill the worms. It doth likewise cleanse and consolidate wounds and ulcers; of which in his proper Chapter.   

CAP. X.  
Of the Defects of the Nose, and Smelling.  
THe best Water of the Flowers of the Elder, oft drawn up in the nose, doth help the smelling, that is diminished by some great sickness.  
In the exulceration of the nose by a salt defluxion, the water of the flowers and bark are profitable, seeing they deterge, dry, and conglut inate.  
In a greater exulceration, where the flesh is too proud, the spirit of the salt is needful, which being mixed with the rest, it consumes the proud flesh, and hindereth further putresaction. See the Chapter of curing ulcers.  
Gabel Rover doth commend the Sponges that grow on the stock of the Elder, being dried, pulverised, and given in a fit liquor, for staying the Hemorage of the nose.  
Tragea Granorum acts, which is described in the cure of the Dyscentery, is good in this case. The dose half a drachma, or two scruples, in a spoonful or two of Quercetans' Corralline Syrup, or in the Styptic red Wine, or in the distilled water of the Sperm of Frogs, Shepherd's purse, or Purslain, etc. or make a Powder of the equal parts of Tragea, and the little sponges, which is both to be taken in the mentioned liquors, and lightly and easily to blown into the nostrils.   

CAP. XI.  
Of the blemishes of Face and Head.  
IF you wash the face oft with the distilled water of the leaves and flowers of the Elder, it cleanseth and drieth up all pimples and pustles of the face.  
Dispensatories affirm, that the oil of the infusion of the flowers mundifieth and makes clear the skin.  
In Lentiginibus, commonly called Freckles, by signature, a decoction of the flowers in water is commended; for the flowers of the Elder are spotted, Oswald Croll. de signaturis. Dioscorides teacheth, that the juice anointed, makes the hair black. This will be a profitable experiment to those that endeavour to make their red hair black; albeit the colour be more comely in many, than ill favoured. What we must allow to those old Ruffians that are ashamed of their white locks, Galen hath taught hath taught us, l. 1. de Compos. Medicament. secund. Loc. c. 3. and this transcursorily occasioned by Dioscorides his words.  
Take Elder roots cut very small, adding a little of the seed of Staphis agriae made in a Lixive, wherein wash the head that is full of scales & lice. The same decoction heals the Tineam or Favum in children, if it be over strong and painful, dilute it with the decoction of the flowers and leaves. The pain is likewise mitigated by the anointing of the oil of the infusion of the flowers, if after washing it be anointed.  
The oil expressed out of the berries and kernels, and mixed by stirring, with a third part of Turpentine, and anointed, doth cure by drying and cleansing, all ulcers of the head, the whole Elder leaf after being applied. Oleum Saccharo sambucinum is likewise commodious.   

CAP. XII.  
Of the Diseases of the Mouth and Throat.  
THe Common Women, so soon as they suspect any Disease in the Throat of their young ones, they steep the sponge of the Elder in their drink, and when it is swelled, they therewith carefully wipe away all the filth of the palate, gums, and tongue.  
The expressed juice of the leaves mixed with simple or Elder honey, doth absterge and exsiccate egregiously all the ulcers of the gums and throat: If therewith they be anointed by a pencil, or if it be dissolved in the water of the leaves and bark, and gargarised therewith.  
You shall add more virtue thereto in deterging, in purifying, if you mix a little of the salt of the Elder therewith, or dissolve the said juice in a weaker Lixive, and use it as a Gargarism.  
If the ulcers be more malignant, and the product of the great Pox, 'tis necessary that twice or thrice a day you rub them with a sponge or pencil dipped in the spirit of Elder berries, wherein a little of the flowers of Sulphur hath been dissolved, and immediately after wash them with the decoction of the leaves, and besprinkling them with the small flower of the Elder pith.  
The Tonsils being tumefied by a thin and saltish defluxion, let them be gargarised with water, or decoction of Elder flowers, wherein a little Elder-hony hath been mixed; for licking the Rhob of the Elder, inspissated with Sugar, is commodious; which is our women's common and used Medicine▪ you may use the syrup of the juice of the berries, or infusion of the flowers, or the honey of either.  
Outwardly anoint them with the oil of Elder flowers infusion, which doth resolve it.  
In the Squinancy, having first used universals, to the foresaid Gargarism add some leaves of Self-heal, with one or two of the sponges of the Elder, called by many Jews ear, which is a sure experiment. Lob. in Advers. Novis stirp. p. 434.  
The Linctus must be the former, only add some pulverised Jews ears; or make this Eclegme; Take Jews-ears two or three, let them sharpen an hour or two in a sufficient quantity of the water of Elder flowers; then let them boil lightly, and them in a Marble Mortar, and put them through a Setace; add unto this Musilage as much as is needful of the Syrup of the juice of the flowers and sugar, as will make a Linctus, which you may oft use; besides, it opens the belly.  
Outwardly apply an Anadyne Cataplasm, which doth digest and resolve, made of Elder leaves, and Reddish stalks, pounded and boiled in the oil of the infusion of Elder flowers, to the consistency of a Pulticle.  
The Acetoses Syrup of the Elder, dissolved in the decoction of Barley, and given as a Julap when 'tis necessary, tempereth the heat of the blood and whole body. See afterward the cure of the continued Fevers.  
In spitting of blood Tragea granorum acts is profitable; whereof we have made mention in the tenth Chapter, which being taken in some convenient Syrup, is to be used for a Linctus.   

CAP. XIII.  
Of Dyspnei and Asthma.  
THat those things may be removed in these diseases, and expectorat, which are gathered through the proper imbecility of the Lungs, use the water of the flowers, in which a third part of Elder Oximel is dissolved, and as Julap twice a day drink two or three ounces thereof, it cuts the gross matter, and facilitateth the expectoration thereof.  
The same Oximel thickened with Sugar-candy, and taken off a liquorice-stick like a Linctus, and swallowed leisurely, worketh well in expectoration.  
The Syrup of the flowers of the Juice of the Berries and Buds, etc. are wholesome taken after the same manner.  
The Bark of the Elder entereth that famous Oximel, Helleborat of Gesner.  
The spirit of the berries in a great Dispnoea is profitable, half a spoonful, or a spoonful thereof taken with sugar.  
Use this following Asmalick, or Pneumatick Spirit, if you please.  

Take of the middle Elder bark Liquorish, well shaved, six drachms.  
Of the roots of Allacompaine, of Florentine Ireos, Of each two drachms.  
Of the whole herb Erysimum, two handful.  
Of Fennel-seed half an ounce.   
Being cut, and shaked together, infuse them in a sufficient quantity of the spirit of Granorum acts, in which let them stand seven days, every day twice stirring all together; afterward let them be distilled in Bal. Mar. for the Pneumatick spirit of the Elder, which in time of necessity is to be taken either by itself, or dulcerat with a little sugar, or the syrup of Violets.  
Or with the same with Canary-sugar, or of Madara, prepare the oil of the Elder-sugar as followeth. Take of this Pneumatick spirit rectified, as much as you will, mix with it half the quantity of Sugar; fire the spirit with a wax-candle, or light paper, stir it hither and thither with a knife, till all turn to a thick and oily liquor, and the flame cease of itself. Use it as an Eclegme with a stick of Liquorice by itself; or mix with an equal part of Elder Oximel, it mightily moves expectoration, etc. 'tis profitable to anoint the breast in the greatest difficulty of breathing with the oil of Elder-flowers of the first description; you may mix therewith some drops of the oil of the flowers of the third description.  
In suffocating Catarrhs, besides these abundantly declared, it availeth much, if in the time of the fit, you put a sponge dipped in Elder-vinegar to the nose, and therewith wet the crown of the head.   

CAP. XIV.  
Of Hoasting and Hoarseness.  
Women with great success, give to their coughing unquiet children, the recent Rob of the Elder, which is more liquid.  
In older, the Linctus of the Oil of Elder-sugar is profitable.  
In that wild Cough, where corrupt matter is exercat, and more corruption feared, this is much praised.  
Take of the Elder-leaves recent, or dried in the shadow, M. I. boil them in a quart of Fountain, or clear River water, to the consumption of a third part; the strained drink is to be sweetened with Sugar-Candy, or scummed honey, of which every day, morning and evening, drink a warm draught.  
The same is commended in hoarseness proceeding from a Catar, that fills the inequalities of the windpipe, or Arteriae Asperae.  
Or where more detersion in necessary for the same effect, there is a fit Lixive prepared of the ashes of the leaves with the water of the flowers, which being sweetened with sugar or honey, is to be oft taken by spoonfuls in the day. This, if any thing, will take away hoarseness, & is a great secret amongst women, as the giving their own proper urine to the diseased to drink, which is loathsome to many.  
To make a clear voice, this is a secret of Alexis.  
Take of Elder-flowers dried in the Sun, and pulverised, of which drink a little every morning in white Wine fasting.  
The Cough and hoarseness proceeding from heat in fevers, is excellently remedied by a Linctus of the Syrup made of the juice of Elder-berries, with equal parts of the Syrup of Violets.  
If you list, and have leisure, you may make Elder-sugar in imitation of Violet-sugar-candy, Cinnamon, or Rose-sugar; of which in these pectoral diseases, hold some still to be dissolved in your mouth, that by little and little it may descend into Asperae Arteriae, or windpipe. 'Tis thus made.  
Take of the best Canary-sugar lib. 6. let it melt and boil in the fragrant water of the flowers, till it acquire a fit thickness, for making up tablets: Then infuse the fresh juice pressed from the berries, well purified, or the frequent infusion of the flowers, as you please to have the colour, lib. 2. on a soft fire boil them to the consistency of a syrup, then in a glass, or earthen pot, put sticks in order, two fingers broad asunder, and pour the liquor hot thereon, and in a warmed shop, the vessel being bound up in a thick Cotton cloth, leave it there to congeal. See more of this in the famous Botanics Pena and Lobel p. 20. advers. Nou. Stirpium & Cas. Bauhine, lib. I. c. 19 the comp. Medicam.   

CAP. XV.  
Of the Pleurisy and Phthisis,  
IN a bastard Pleurisy 'tis a very safe and used Medicine, if there be no fever, to provoke sweat, by taking the Rhobob Granorum acts in the water of Elder-flowers, or Cardui benedicti, seeing it ariseth from the serous and flatulent humours that fall betwixt the Pleura, and intercost all muscles, etc.  
In a true Pleurisy, where there is a continual fever adjoined, proceed more warily: For after the use of universals, the rob, water, and spirit of Elder-flowers are not to be much feared here, seeing with success we use hotter sudorificks of the blessed and milky thistles of the simple and composed spirit of Vitriol, etc. for many expert men acknowledge a malignity in these humours, which Paracelsus likeneth to Auripigmentel Poison which doth corrode the life like a fire. Diosc. lib. 5. c. 121.  

Pectorals.  
For the expectoration of the matter in the Lungs, use them that are weak, as the syrup of the flowers and berries inspissat with sugar, or Elder candied-sugar, likewise the water of the flowers inspissat, & supped down, you may mix with these some of the Tragea Gran. Acts for the spitting of blood.   

Topics.  
Externally anoint with the oil of the infusion of the flowers with the fat of a Capon, or saltless May-butter, or foment oft the side with linen dipped in the water or decoction of the flowers and leaves of the Elder; for by ratifying the skin and parts, they digest & resolve those sharp vapours and humours: Or take Elder-leaves and flowers Camomile, of each an handful; make a decoction in mild beer, which put in a Cows-bladder, and after the opening of a vein, being oft in the day applied warm, it did wonderfully ease a Smith in my Country, whose wife I counselled to do so.   

Of the Phthisis.  
In preserving and curing the Phthisis, besides other things, the decoction for the wild cough, being taken by spoonfuls, and by little & little swallowed, is used with success, seeing it proceeds from the ulcer of the Lungs, which requires detersion, exsiccation, and consolidation; and the leaves and flowers of the Elder mixed with a little sugar or honey, work these effects; they think to satisfy all the indications by this decoction. But I had rather in this case, instead of simple sugar & honey, use tabled sugar-roset, or honyroset strained, and mix a scruple, or half a drachm of this following powder, chiefly were much arterious blood with the spittle is cast up. Take of Tragea Gran. acts drach. 1. of Jews ears dried in a Furnace. Oculorum Cancri praep. an. drach. and half, Saffron Oriental, scrup. 1. sugari rosat. tabled, drach. 2. being all pulverised well, mix them together exactly; in the mean time you are to have an eye to the prime cause of this ulcer, whose knowledge is to be found elsewhere.  
George Amwald in his Panacea, p. 29. commends the unction of the oil of Elder-flowers in a Phthisis.    

CAP. XVI.  
Of the affections of the Duggs.  
SEeing the Duggs of women ofttimes, by reason of the sudden and abundant affluxion of blood, for the generating of milk, chiefly after their delivery, use to be inflamed; or as the blood is of thinner consistence, and hotter, use to have an Erysipelas, or Rose; the following receipts may safely and securely be applied.  
In Inflammations, the Caput mortuum, or the cake of the flowers of the Elder with the red Vinegar thereof, in one Erysipelas, let it be bedewed with the distilled water of the leaves and flowers of the Elder, and so applied warm: For it digests and resolves that which hath flowed in, and is compacted, and doth moderately by reason of the Vinegar repel the inflammation, & extinguish the heat of the blood. Anoint he hardened kernels of the dugs with the oil of the infusion of Elder-flowers, and put the leaves of the Elder thereupon.  
For the exulcerat, the lac aureum, or Golden-milk is most fitting, being made of the common or elder Lixive, and the oil of the infused flowers and bark, mixed by hard shaking and stirring together; in which linen being dipped, and wrung afterward, is to be applied warm to the ulcers: 'Tis also profitable, for the more hasty and happy perfecting of the cure, to blow on it the powder of Elder-leaves. So the ulcer, whatever it be, shall be cleansed, dried and dighted; view these in their proper places.  
I knew a woman, whereof I made mention in the fourth chapter; which oft being taken with the Rose in her paps, who having taken the Rob of the Elder, and provoked sweat moderately in her bed, useth to apply no other Medicine to the diseased part, but a knot of red fine linen, wherein Elder-flowers are sewed so ingeniously to avoid all the exulceration which would have ensued.   

CAP. XVII.  
Of Swooning and Faintness.  
THe Vinegar of Elder-flowers, imbibed in a sponge, recovers those, as it were, from death, that are subject to swoon and faintings upon every the lightest cause or occasion; for it excellently refresheth the spirits; for which Physicians highly prise it, being mixed with other cordial Epithemes.  
In this alone dip linen clothes, and apply them to the pulses of the temples of the wrists, & near the ankles.  
Or make this Epitheme, wherewith the face and the palms of the hands are to be washed.  

Take of the water of the flowers of the Elder, 3 ounces.  
Of Incarnation Roses, 2 ounces.  
Of the Vinegar of Elder-flowers, half an ounce.  
The Vinegar of red Berries, two dra. mix them.   
Tragea Granorrum acts made after this manner, is much commended.  

Take of the Tragea of the grains of the Elder.  
Of choice Cinnamon, of each one drach.  
Of Cloves, Galangale, of the flowers of the Elder without the stalks, of of each one scruple.  
Of Sugar Rosat, of Anthosat tablets, of each two drachms and an half.   
Make all into a fine powder, of which give to the diseased half a drachm in Wine, or some other convenient Liquor.  
How Women that faint by reason of the matrical diseases, are to be helped by the Medicines of Elder, I have set down in the 26 chap.   

CAP. XVIII.  
Of Fevers in general.  

And 1. Of intermitting Fevers.  
THe common people, as soon as they find the first touch of a Fever, they take the Rob of the Elder in the Vinegar, spirit, or water of the flowers thereof; and so in their beds, being well covered with clothes, dispose themselves for sweeting, which the Physicians do not disapprove, seeing experience proves, that Fevers by these are many times prevented and dissipated.  
This seems to be the most probable reason thereof, That that putrid filthiness is by this means discussed without delay, and the body rarified; which, if it had been left longer in the body, without doubt would have daily increased the corruption, & given vigour to the Fever; as is learnedly discoursed by the famous Sennert. in his Treatise of fevers. But have a care that this be only done in the beginnings of fevers, and in such bodies as are not full of the rubbish of corrupt humours, otherwise 'tis more safe and sound to open the parts and passages of the whole body by Emetic and Cathartick Medicines.  

Emetics and cathartics.  
The purified Oil expressed out of the kernels of the berries, is commended in strong and lusty bodies, 1 dra. or a drac. and half thereof, being taken in the broth of flesh; for it gently moveth vomit, and loosneth the belly, not without a singular good temper of the body.  
For the same use, the juice expressed out of the bark of the roots, are commended, being taken in the same, or a greater quantity. Bernhard Gordon in his Treatise of preserving man's life, biddeth us take so much, as the half of an egg shell will contain.  
Concerning the Wine made of the infusion of the bark of Elder roots, which provoketh vomit, and emptieth the belly of corrupt humours, read the 28 Chapter.  
The Oil made of the infused flowers and bark of the Elder, being drank from one ounce to three, provoketh vomit, and purgeth the belly; the same alone, or in a decoction, may be given in a Clyster.  
The Polychrest powder of Elder buds, doth not only purge both the biles, but also phlegm and serous humours; whereof drink in hot and tertian fevers, in whey; but in cold and quartanes; in Wine a scruple, or a drachm or 4 scrules, as the strength of the diseased will admit.  
Or let pills of Tragachanth be fomented with this, or some syrup or musilage, so that above them the mentioned liquor be drank.  
In young ones, the syrup of the juice of the berries, of the buds or bark, etc. suffice.  
The commons praise this, Take a cup full of Goat's milk whey, which holds about four ounces, macerate therein half an ounce of the middle bark of the Elder dried in the shadow; being strongly pressed out, drink it warm in the morning,  
In which a few things are to be observed: That the commons are fully persuaded, and call experience to witness, that if those middle barks be pulled downward from the Tree, it emptieth the body of evil humours by purge; if they be pulled upward, it worketh by vomit.  
The truth of which, as I dare not call in question seeing I know the same thing is asserted of Assarum by some Physicians; if notwithstanding it be free for me to give my opinion without prejudice to others, and the truth, I believe we ought rather to ascribe the effect to the constitution and peculiar property of the receivers, or to the nature of present humour. I will say nothing now of the imagination, whereby the receivers persuade themselves, the Medicine will work downward or upward, which they endeavour to help by sundry ways, by motion, compression of the belly, suppositors, thrusting their fingers in their throats, and so forth.  
Nevertheless I will not deny that the bark, and whole Elder also, hath divers virtues in purging the noxious matter, by divers places; nevertheless I doubt that these are rather to be ascribed to the divers pulling it off the Tree, then to these causes mentioned, and other more weighty, which I leave to the serious consideration of the learned, and proceed.  
That the stalks and leaves of the herbs, being boiled, doth purge phlegm, is manifest out of Dioscorides; to which nevertheless the sprigs or sprouts are preferred, if in the Spring time, in which they are to be found, they be macerated a little in hot water, and prepared with oil and vinegar, and be eaten sparingly before supper, in place of a salad; for they gently lose the belly, unlock the obstructions of the Mesentery, and being frequently eaten, deliver and preserve from contumacious fevers.  
Instead of these the Conserve of buds, mixed with the Conserve of the flowers, is profitable; of which take daily an ounce, half an hour before supper, in the water of the bark.   

Cutting Medicines.  
In such fevers, which are lengthened from the cramming of the Meseraick veins, and from the grossness and toughness of the humour, Oxymel Sambucinum, dissolved in the distilled water of the flowers, or barley water; and daily on the intermitting days drank an hour or two before supper is commended.  
The Crystallized salt of the Elder, taken from half a scruple to a whole is profitable; also six drops of the, spirit of the same, taken in the broth or flesh; for all these do powerfully open obstructions and cut asunder the grossness and toughness of the humour, they cleanse the bowels and vessels, and both by urine and sweat dissipate the feverish matter. See more in the 23 Chapter.   

Before the Fit.  
Internal Medicaments.  
Those which are used before the Fit are of two sorts; for some of them move vomit and the belly, others provoke sweat.  
When in time of the fit the matter tendeth upward, which is known by the sudden straitness of the breast, by the stretching of the Hypochondriac, by nauciousness and propensity to vomit, give him a spoonful or drachm and a half of the oil pressed out of the berries kernels in warm Ale, and by putting your finger in his throat hasten the vomit.  
Joseph Quercetan in his 1 Book, and 8 chapter of Dogmatic Pharmacy, asserteth that this following decoction is excellent in intermitting fevers, quotidan and quartan.  
Take Elder-roots and bark, of each ounce 1. of Asarium drachms 3. of good Cinnamon drachm 1 and an half, boil them in milk. This decoction at one and the same time moves vomit and sedge. Let it be taken at the beginning of the fit, and reiterate if it be needful. If the body be evacuate, and nature incline to sweeting, before the fit use these following.  
The Rob of Elder in greatness of a Walnut, being mixed with half a drachm of the powder of the blessed Thistle, and swallowed and drinking vinegar above it, and afterwards, two hours before the fit, provoking sweat in bed, is an usual Medicine.  
Or make this mixture; Take half a drachm of the extract of the rob of the Elder, and half a scruple of the salt of the Elder; mix them, and form of them with the powder of Hearts-horn, Pills; which are to be taken in a spoonful of the syrup of the berries: two hours before the fit give the half thereof to the younger and weaker complexions.  
In Fevers less hot, especially quartans, two or three spoonfuls of the spirit of the Elder-berries, given before the fit, is commended.  
There are some which dissolve this following powder in it before, and they cannot praise enough this Medicine in more obstinate quartans, especially if the day before the fit the stomach, and other vessels nutritive, be well purged by the oil pressed out of the stones of the Elder-berries.  
Take of Hearts-horn prepared, without burning of the finest Antimony diaphoretic, of each half a scruple; let them be exactly powdered.  
Neither is the heat of this spirit here to be feared, seeing in the same fevers, Galen, and other famous Physicians, prescribe Theriack, Mithridate, Myrrh, the spirit of Wine, the water of Zedoary; for a hard knot must have a hard wedg: And experience proves, that these Medicines, being administered before the fit, do not only stop the fierceness of the fit, but likewise quite overthrow the fever; which before would neither yield to preparing nor purging Medicines; the reason is, because the feverish matter at that time is more movable, and being prepared by nature itself, more easily followeth the course of the Medicine.   

Externals or Topics.  
This Topick is commended to be applied to the pulses. Of Elder & Lavender leaves, of each half an handful, of salt half as much. They being pounded well, incorporate them with the oil of Elder, that they may become a paste; whereof apply one half to the wrist of the right hand, and the other to the wrist of the left, and bind them with a rowler wet in Elder-vinegar.  
Foelix Plater, in the second part of his Practice, hath this, Take of Elder, Rue, Marigolds, and Nettle-leaves ana m. 1. let them be pounded with salt and vinegar, and let them be applied.  
A double linen clothe dipped in the spirit of Granorum acts is applied with a great deal of comfort to the belly, chiefly to the stomach before the fit, in a quartan; for seeing the fuel of the evil is settled in these places, if it be not altogether routed by the application of this Epitheme, yet it will be much weakened.  
To take away the shaking, and mitigate the chillness, the backbone is to be rubbed with the same spirit being hot.    

2. Of continual and burning Fevers.  
In continual and hot Tertian and burning Fevers, where the heat is more intense, and great drought tormenteth the Patient, make this Julap.  
R. Of Fountain or River-water, lib. 3. of Elder-vinegar ounces 3. of the finest Sugar ounces 2. let them boil together a little in a fit vessel; unto which, being warm, add one drachm of Cinnamon in powder; let them cool of themselves in a close vessel, and strain them through Hippocrates sleeve for a Julap.  
Of which give the patient oft in the day, it extinguisheth the feverish heat, cuts the gross and tough matter, cleanseth the thin and bilous, unlocks obstructions, it purgeth humours that offend through their convenient places, and by its acceptable acidity it sharpeneth the appetite, and refresheth the strength.  
This same is performed by the acetory syrup of the Elder, described in the next Chapter, which is to be dissolved in Barleywater, till it come to the consistency of a Julap.  
For example, Take the sharp Elder-syrup ounc. 3. simple Barleywater lib. 1. mixed, or Oximel of the Elder ounc. 2. clear Fountain-water lib. mix them, give four ounces or more of this, and such like, at each time; otherwise if you give less, and only once or twice a day, they rather increase than diminish heat. P. Egineta lib. 2. cap. 36. for as Charcoal in a Smith's Forge, being besprinkled with water, burneth more ardently; so the feverish heat is rather kindled than quenched by drinking sparingly.  
That you may extinguish the intemperate heat, and refresh the vanquished strength, instead of an Epithem apply to the pulses the Vinegar of Elder-flowers mixed with Rose-water, and imbibed by double or treble linen clothes.  
To lose without danger in these fevers the bound belly, the syrup of the juice of the berries is convenient, of which dissolve two or three ounces in the water of Elder-flowers; use it instead of a Julap, and drink it, for it gently looseth the belly, and evacuateth the feverish matter.    

CAP. XIX.  
Of the Pest and Pestilential Fevers.  
IN curing and preserving from the Plague, great is the use of the Elder. A little sponge being wet in Vinegar of the Elder, and carried in a hollow globe made of Juniper-wood, and smell it, it mightily strengtheneth the spirits against the impression of the infectious contagion.  
Red hot bricks, being besprinkled with this Vinegar, and a vapour raised, it doth dissipate the contagious virulency, so that it cannot insinuate itself in men's houses and clothes. By what means it may be endued with an Antilemick force more efficacious, shall appear by what I will now say.  
Rob of the Elder and the extract prepared of it, here are excellent: The first whereof is named by many. The Countryman's Theriack, of which each week to swallow the bigness of a Walnut, and drink above it its proper Vinegar, and so to sweat in bed, is a commonly received preservative. This may be fitly used by those who are infected with the Plague, especially if you mix with it some of the anti-pestilential powders; or at least drink above it three or four spoonfuls of Antilemick Vinegar of the Elder.  
The same Rob chiefly it that is most recent, being spread more thickly on a shive of bread, and eaten an hour or two before your meat, loosneth the belly; in whose place you may give a spoonful or two of the syrup of the juice of the berries.  
It is enough to swallow sometimes in a morning before you go out the greatness of a pease of the extract.  

Rohob, and the Extract Antilemick of the Elder.  

R. Roots of Tormentillae,  
Buterdock,  
Of Pimpanels,  
Of Angelica,  
Leaves of Scordium,  
Berries of Juniper, of each half an ounce.   
Macerate the roots 24 hours in Elder vinegar, afterwards dry them at leisure, and being powdered by themselves, add the leaves of Scordium, and berries of Juniper, likewise in powder; mix them all together, and with the Vinegar that remained besprinkle them, and work them most exactly with a pound of Rob Sambuci, in form of an opiate: Of which give to the infected person two drachms in a convenient liquor, to provoke sweat, and thrust out the poison from his heart. Of which also besprinkled with the spirit of Elder, you may prepare the extract that is set down in the second Section and first Chapter of this Book. The dose given to the infected is one scruple or drachm in convenient liquor.  
The spirit of the Elder by itself is here very powerful, both in preserving, a few drops thereof being taken with a little white bread in a morning, and likewise in the beginning of the disease, a spoonful or two being taken thereof before the feverish heat be powerful.  
But that spirit is far more noble, which is drawn off by an Alimbeck in the preparation of the Antilemick extract; seeing from the volatile essence of those Bezoartick simples it hath carried much with it. Or at least infufe those simples in the spirit of the Elder; & being macerated therein for a few days, let it be strained, for the Antilimbeck spirit of the Elder, whose virtues in curing and preserving cannot be praised enough.  
By the same Alexitaries, and chiefly by the roots of Angelica and Juniper-berries, if the red Elder-vinegar of my description be impregnat with them, it becomes Antilemick Elder-vinegar; which is not only a vehicle to other Alexipharmacal Medicaments, but moreover it may be taken by itself, when the intense heat and fever will not admit of the spirit, or other more hot medicines.  
Some drops of the spirit of Elder-salt given in the broth of flesh is a preservative.  
Neither is it unwholesome, if once or twice a week in the morning, an hour or two before dinner, a cup full of the wine prepared of the berries be taken but remember to take before it a little broth; for it loosneth the belly, hindereth putrefaction, and by reason of the Bezoartick virtue of the berries, it preserveth the body from contagion.  
At supper drink a cup full of the wine prepared of the dried berries, which strengtheneth the stomach.   

A special Topick Oil.  
Some greatly commend in the Pleague this oil.  
Take the flowers of the Elder, fill therewith a Cucurbit, or a more ample Glass, to the middle; strew upon them Marsh Mallows, and tops of Hypericon, of each so much as only the fourth part of the Glass shall remain empty; power thereon so much sweet clear oil-olive as will cover the flowers; close exactly the mouth of the Glass sigillo hermetico, or lute it; and through all Summer or for three months set it in the Sun, that the heat of the Sun may draw the virtues out of the flowers into the oil; then having strongly pressed the flowers, strain the oil, and being purified by settling, reserve it in a well closed vessel; unto each ounce of which, before you use it, add a scruple of Sal Nitre.  
Some prepare it suddenly thus, They take the oil of infused Elder-flowers, as much as is necessary, in it they immerge the flowers of the Marsh Mallows and Hypericon, and boil them together in Bal. Mar. for some hours; afterwards they express strongly the flowers, and strain it; in the strained oil they immerge recent flowers, boil them, press them, and strain them; and afterward add Nitre.  
The way of using it is this; The whole body of the infected person within 24 hours is to be anointed with this oil warm, and being wrapped in warm sheets, he is to be laid in a warmed bed to sweat; for they affirm that it is proved, that by this only remedy many have safely escaped the fierceness of this poison: which unction, as it is not disapproved, seeing it openeth the pores of the skin, and by them draws out and dissipates the pestilential infection and malignity, and by consequence is used commodiously, not only in the plague and pestilential fevers, but also in other malignant and chiefly spotted fevers: So we are to be very wary, lest in this sharp and dangerous disease, we neglect to use the internal bezoartics & Alexiterix already mentioned; but rather ought to join them with these, that with united forces both ways, internally and externally, they may vanquish the malignity.  
It seems this hath come from the Egyptians, of whom Alpinus in his 4 Book and 15 Chapter relates, that they use this medicine in pestilential fevers, in which the spots are either begun to appear, with great profit, at least once a day using this hot linament, after which, without delay, they cover the feverish with many clothes, endeavouring to draw the poisonous humour from the bowels to the skin.   

Comforting and Altering Medicines.  
Lest the diseased in sweeting altogether faints, we ought to hold often to his nose a sponge dipped in the Antilemick Vinegar of the Elder; for this Vinegar doth powerfully dissipate these narcotick vapours, and recreate the strength. It is likewise to be applied to the temples with linen clothes.  
To ease the heat and thirst you are oft times to give to the diseased, in and after his sweat, some spoonfuls of the Julap which is set down in the Cure of burning fevers; or prepare this acetous syrup of the Elder, which in provoking sweat, in resisting putrefaction and contagion, in strengthening the heart and other entrails, is far more excellent than the common acetous syrup, by reason of the Alexiterous virtue of the Elder.  


Take clear Fountain-water lib. 3.  
White Sugar lib. 2. and an half.   Boyl them on a clear fire of Charcoal, till the half be consumed, scumming them well in time of boiling: After add sharp Elder-vinegar lib. 1. and an half, boil them again on the consistence of a syrup: You may, to procure a more sweet smell, in a knot of fine linen infuse in it an ounce of Cinnamon grossly powdered, and sometimes wring it.  
The syrup being cold, let it be kept in a gallipot; of which give oft some spoonfuls by itself, or dissolve it in the distilled water of Borage, sweet Roses, Elder, Scabious, or such like.   

The Cure of the Buboes and Carbuncles.  
Apply to Buboes pestilential, and Carbuncles, a Plaster made of the meal of Elder-flowers and Honey, which is excellent in ripening these tumours.  
Or take of the oil more special, which just now was set down, Of crude Honey, of each half an ounce; of Salt Ammoniac drach. 1. of the Meal of the flowers and leaves of the Elder, of each as much as sufficeth, let them all be exactly wrought, till they become like a plaster.  
Some apply the feces of the flowers macerated in oil, and press it out, which they call Stymma.  
Some roast Onions under the ashes, and pound them, and mix them with the Rob of the Elder, and apply them as a Cataplasm to the risings of the skin.  
Amongst other vesiccatories, which is applied happily to these contumacious lumps, the famous Sennert. recites these following.  
Take of Mustardseed, of middle Elder-bark, equal parts, pound them with Vinegar in form of a Cataplasm which is to be spread on a white linen cloth.  
Or, 

Take of the leaves of the Elder, of Borage,  
Of Mustardseed,  
Of Rancide Nut-kernels, equal parts.    
Let them be pounded and applied, having first anointed the place round about with Theriack.  
The Apostume being open, and become an ulcer, a linament made of honey and the juice of Elder-leaves is to be applied; which every day, twice a day, being put in with lint tents, it dighteth away the quittous, and mundifies the ulcer: the oil pressed out of the berries kernels, and mixed with the third and fourth part of Turpentine oil, is much praised. See the rest in the Cure of Ulcers.    

CAP. XX.  
Of the Small Pox and Measles.  
SEeing these spots and bushes depend upon that putrid and malign humour, which nature, troubled with it, doth expel to the skin and external parts; it is commodious to commit the whole business to nature, if she work rightly and effectually.  
But seeing, before they break out, a fever doth possess those tender bodies, which is unknown whether it be a token of the Pox and Measles, or of pituite putrefying in the stomach, or neighbouring parts: It is commodious to give to Infants a spoonful or two of the infused flowers: For if it be the Pox, it causeth them to strike out; if it be putrid pituit in the stomach, it gently purgeth it.  
If it be to one of riper age, give him one or more ounces, adding according to his strength, yea on the first day, & before nature go about to expel the Pox, of the Polichrestick powder of the Elderbuds, a scruple or half a drachm, whereby nature being disburdened of the sink of the first region, more happily and easily may expel the rest, which is mixed with the mass of blood.  
After this, the water of the Elder-flowers given in spoonfuls is good: for it strengeheneth the heart, and thrusteth forth that putrid and malign humour, both in children and in those that are older; it may be sweetened with syrup of the berries. Which, if they come forth more slowly or sparingly, besides internals, we must use unctions; of whose matter and manner we have spoken in the former Chapter.  
Alpinus testifies, that the Egyptians have none more excellent and familiar in all their Pox and malignant spots than these. And our women would do well to follow their footsteps, forsaking old wives fables, which oft times bring not so much help as hazard. Nevertheless we are to have a care, that a little after we wipe the whole body with soft and warm linen clothes, in a warm place, free of all cold.  
To quench thirst where the feverish heat is more vehement, and the strength more vanquished, use those Julaps we have mentioned in the cure of Fevers.  
But if you perceive by the continued host, that the Pox hath seized on the lungs, abstain from these sharp things, and instead of them, use the syrup of the flowers or of the juice of Elder-berries, being thickened with Sugar, for a Linctus: The distilled water of the flowers of the Elder, sweetened with the same syrups, is to be used for a Julap to strengthen the intestines, and prevent a flux; mix with it Tragea granorum acts.   

CAP. XXI.  
Of the Diseases of the Stomach.  
A Weak, cold stomach, and of hard digestion, is helped by the Spirit of Granorum acts, which doth greatly strengthen the same, consumes corrupt phlegm, and helps concoction: being taken with a little fine white Bread and Sugar, in quantity a spoonful or two.  

The Stomatical spirit of the Elder.  
Is more efficacious, and is this:  

Take of our Acorous roots and Ginger, of each half an ounce.  
Of Mint Crisped, one handful.  
Of Fennelseeds and Aniseeds, of each two drachms.   
Being cut and pounded, pour upon them the spirit of the grains of the berries of the Elder, that it may be four fingers deep above them. Let them infuse twelve or fourteen days, every day stirring them about. Afterward strain or distil from them the stomatical spirit, whose uses are many: For it is not only to be taken inwardly, as we have said; but likewise externally to be applied to the cold and weak stomach with linen; for it helps difficulty of concoction, stops vomit, and mitigateth all pains and sobbings, which proceed from a cold temper or windy humour. If there be nauceousness or vomit, with oppressing of the heart, and difficulty of breathing; it is suspicious that these effects proceed from tough phlegm, or some other putrid humour gathered there; then give two ounces of the oil of infused flowers, or bark of the Elder, with black water; and by thrusting the finger in the throat provoke vomit; or give a drachm of the oil drawn out of the berries and kernels in a draught of warm Ale, & hasten vomit.  
By which means any thing that's trouble to the stomach will be cast up, which being done, give a spoonful of the stomatical Elder-spirit or simple, well sweetened with Sugar, and imbibed in the heart of the Rie-bread for strengthening the stomach.  
That Wine which is prepared of the dried berries, as we appointed, is altogether stomatical, and greatly helpeth the weak and windy stomach; whereof you must drink oft, chiefly in time of supper a cup full or two.  
Neither is it to be objected that Dioscorides says, That Elder is hurtful to the stomach, seeing he speaks there of the crude and unprepared, which we acknowledge is hurtful to the stomach, as some preparations thereof likewise are; but experience itself doth attest, that this wine, and other medicines thereof, have great virtue in corroborating and comforting the stomach.  
The spirit of Elder-salt, taken in six grains or more, weekly in flesh-broth, doth cleanse the stomach, and stir up appetite.  
In the burning of the stomach and Cardialgia, proceeding from hot bilous humours, which hath flowed into it from other parts, or hath been engendered and corrupted there, if it be needful, you may give a vomit of the oil pressed out of the kernels. The acetous syrup of the Elder described in the 19 Chapter, is profitable; whereof give an ounce for a dose, dissolved in two or three ounces of Barleywater. Or make this powder:  
Take of 

Tragea Granorum Acts, ounces 2.  
Oculi Cancrorum prepared dr. 1.  
Sugar rosat. intablets.  
Sugar perlat. half an ounce, mix them.    
Of which give a drachm in two spoonfuls of the syrup, which we now commended.    

CAP. XXII.  
Of the diseases of the Intestines.  

1. Of the Colic.  
BEcause, besides a bare distemper, a pituitous humour, a vitrious or flatulent useth oft to be the cause of the Colic; therefore their increase are to be cut off.  
Wine prepared of the berries or flowers work this effect leisurely: Likewise the water of the bark and roots, mixed with a third part of the syrup of the juice of the buds and infusion of the flowers; which wonderfully mitigate pain; whereof take oft an hour before meat, for preserving you four ounces.  
Or where nature is more strong, give a half or whole drachm of the Polychrestick powder of the buds in the syrup of the flowers made thin with Wine.  
To dissipate wind, mitigate pain, and loosen the bound belly, use this Clyster.  

Take of Elder-leaves two handfuls.  
Of Elder-flowers and Cammomile-Roman-flowers, of each an handful.  
Of the stones of Elder-berries dried drach. 2.   
Being cut and pounded boil them in pure wine, or wine of the Elder, till the Colature come into eight ounces; add,  

The oil of the infused flowers three ounces.  
Of Elder-hony two ounces.  
The Yeolk of one Egg; mix them, and make a Clyster, apply it hot.   
The spirit of the berries is of great virtue here, because it dissipateth not only in the stomach, but in the intestines also, all mescusness of pituite and other viscid humours. By its great diaphoretic virtue, it dissipateth all thin and serous humours in the intestines; it warmeth by its penetrating heat the entrails, made cold by drink, air, etc. and so taken, both inwardly, and anointed, it stilleth the huge pains that arise thence.  
I know a Churchman, who by this spirit in a short time dissipateth the Colic, which is familiar to him, and upon the least occasion bred.  
In place of this use the spirit of the flowers well purified from its phlegm, etc.  
The distilled oil of Elder-flowers imbibed in silk, and applied to the navel with a ventose, is a most gentle paregorick.  
Whereof also give four drops in a spoonful of the spirit of flowers or berries. The spirit of Elder-salt, given in the water of the flowers, or in broth in the quantity of six, or seven, or eight drops, by his cleansing and dissipating virtue, preserving from the Colic: But if you perceive by the thirst intense heat, and constitution of the patient, that these pains arise from the abundance of hot and sharp boylous humours, or some other hot cause; you are to use these things which I have set down in the former Chapter, in the heat of the stomach; unto which add the syrup of Elder-flowers, which is either to be taken alone, or made thin with the best stilled water of Elder-flowers.   

II. Of Worms.  
THe Chrystaline Salt of the Elder preserveth and freeth from worms: It robs them of their nourishment, kills them, and purgeth them out. The dose is, from half a scruple to half a drach or two scrup.  
For those of riper years, which are troubled with worms, you are to prepare in the Springtime a dish made of Elderbuds, delivered from their bitter naucious taste, by the effusion of boiling water, with oil, salt, and vinegar, which is to be used as a salad before supper: For the oil closeth the breathing places of the worms, and maketh the belly slippery: Salt and vinegar cleanse, cut, and kill the worms. The Elderbuds do loosen the belly, purge the worms and thrust forth their fuel. That this salad may be more pleasant, you may add some tender leaves of sorrel, which likewise resist worms. At other times the powder of the buds taken in the morning for a few days, a scruple at once in broth, is commendable.  
Give to more delicate persons frequently a spoonful of the syrup of the juice of the buds; with which mix half a scruple of prepared Hearts-horn. Some press out the juice of the recent leaves, and mix it with honey, or honey-roset, and give it sometimes before other meat, and by this means kill and purge out worms.  
Where the stomach and intestines are furred and filled with a greater quantity of tenacious putrid pituit mucilage; give twice or thrice the Polichrestick powder of the buds in their syrup.   

3. Of Lienterick and Celiaick Fluxes.  
ALbeit at the first sight the Elder seem not fit for fluxes; notwithstanding in Lienteries & Celiaick fluxes, where the meat and drink are either in that form in which they were received, or else half concocted, and not much altered, voided out of the body sooner than was fitting, by reason of the weakness of the retentive faculty of the stomach and intestines, proceeding for the most part from a cold and humid distemper, the spirit of Granorum Acts, both simple and stomatical, is used with a great deal of profit. Therefore a spoonful or two of it is oft to be given with Rye or Wheat-bread; or being imbibed in a double linen clothe applied to the stomach or abdomen.  
Moreover, Tragea granorum acts, & the cordial powder prepared of it, is profitable; whereof give twice a day, viz. morning and evening before meat, a drachm in three or four spoonfuls of generous wine.  
For drink in time of meat you may use wine prepared of Elder-berries dried, Cinnamon and Cloves.   

4. Of the Dissentery.  
IN the Dissentery, which is a bloody and painful emptying of the belly. Oswald Crollius, from their signiture, commends the Elder-berries; of which the Chemists, but chiefly Quercetan, in lib. 1. cap. 2. of his Dogmatic Pharmacy, describes this Tageam, communicated to him by D. Wolfius, Professor in the University of Marpurg, so often mentioned and commended by me in this Treatise.  
Press the juice out of the Elder-berries when they are ripe, which is in Autumn; of which Juice and Rye-flower make paste, work it well, and thereof make little Cakes, which in a Oven are to be baked to the hardness of Biscuit, that they may be reduced to a subtle powder; which powder is again to be imbibed in the juice and made in paste, baked and pulverised as before. And this is to be done the third time.  
At last, all being done, reduce it again to a subtle powder, it will keep long, and is a hid specific against a Dissentery. Take a drachm of this, and as much of the powder of a Nutmeg, incorporate them well with a soft roasted egg, and sup it up.  
This is called Tragea granorum Acts, that is, a powder of the grains of Elder. And thus far Quercetan.  
Others prepare it thus: Take Rie-bread hot out of the Oven, moisten it with the juice of Elder-berries, and bake it again in the Oven; being dry again, moisten it with the juice of Elder-berries, and do so four or five times; then reduce this bread into powder, whereof take a drachm alone or a half, with as much nutmeg-powder. Of which see the famous Sennert. in the 10 Chapter of the Treatise of the Dissentery. But a care must be taken that the belly be not over soon stopped, but place must be left for the evacuating of sharp humours, lest that befall which happened to the Maid mentioned by the learned Fernel. in lib. 6. cap. 9 Pathol.  
Therefore to purge the sharp humours, and mitigate the cruel pain, give two or three days before you use the Astrictive, in the morning, one ounce or one ounce and half of the syrup of Elder-flowers, prepared by three infusions in three ounces of Barleywater, or in the water of Elder-flowers. You may with profit add to this one scruple or half a drachm of white Mechoacan subtly pulverised; for it gently purgeth and bindeth the belly.  
After three days are past, and we have used all necessary evacuations, & clanging, and pain for the most part is ceased, than we may more safely use our Tragea; for it doth not only restrain the belly; but together with this gives a contrary motion to these sharp and salted humours, by little and little disposing them for sweat, if it be taken twice a day, morning and evening, mixed after this manner, yet with a fasting stomach.  


R. Tragea Gran. Acts, drach. 1.  
The Spirit of the flowers of the Elder Gutt. 35.   They being well wrought together in a Marble Mortar, pour on it by little and little; 

The water of Tormentil-roots an ounce and half.  
The Syrup of the juice of Plantain half an ounce.   Mix them and use them hot, they will dissipate the malignity by sweeting and evaporation, and will bind the belly by stopping the flux of the humour.  
The same things may be used in a Diarrhoea or white Flux.   

5. Of Constipation or Boundness.  
THe leaves of the Elder are commended to those that are in health to open their womb, by Egineta, and Hypocrates in his second Book of Diet.  
This same is performed by the distilled water of the leaves and bark, with which a third part of the syrup made of the infused flowers, or of the juice of the berries or buds, is to be mixed with it, to make them of a more pleasant taste.  
The same syrups being taken alone loosneth the belly; or drink a draught of wine at your breakfast, or in the morning, having taken a little broth; or take a drachm of the powder of the buds in Plumbroth or a soft roasted Egg: Or use in the place of this the conserve of the buds. The recent Rob of the Elder spread thick upon a slice of bread, and eaten before other dishes, is our Wives domestic Medicine, which they use likewise in their Infants and Children whose bellies are stopped longer than ordinary; for this Juice is most pleasant and familiar to children, chiefly if in time of thickening of it you do add a little Sugar, as hath been told.   

VI Of Hemmorhoides.  
THere is nothing more excellent to ease the pain of the Hemmorhoides than a stove or fomentation made of the flowers of Elder and Verbasie or Honeysuckle in water or milk: for in a short time it easeth the greatest pain. I experimented this first in a Country Miller, then in a City Baker: which both did wonder at the sudden ease, and have great quantity of the flowers in readiness beside them, to use when necessity shall require.  
The anointing with the oil of the infused flowers, mixed with a third part of Unguent Populeon, is Anodine.  

Or take of the infusion of Elder-flowers, half an ounce.  
Of Elder-kernels and Yeolks of Eggs, of each two drachms.  
Of white Wax enough making, according to art an Unguent.   
To stay the Hemmorhoides in a night a singular Cataplasm is made of Elder-leaves boiled in water, to the consistency of a Poultice, and mixed with oil-olive spread on a scarlet cloth, and apply it warm to the Hemmorhoides: being oft renewed through the whole night, the Patient lying on his face, is commended by Alexis in his Secrets.  
By what means their flux is to be stopped is set down in the stopping of the Hemmorhoides in the nose, and monthly terms, and in stopping the blood in wounds.  
Mark, that for the falling of the Anus, amongst other things, the outmost bark of the Elder is commended by Mindererus, cap. 7. M.M.    

CAP. XXIII.  
Of the Obstructions of the Mesentery, Liver, Milt; from whence proceed both the Jaundice and Scurvy.  
TO hinder and cure the obstructions, drink in the morning and the beginning of the repast, a cup full of the wine of Elder-berries, for some days and weeks; for it cutteth the thick, tartarous, serous and bilous matter, it cleanseth, evacuateth, and by opening obstructions and purifying the blood, gives the body a more fresh colour; especially if once at least of the week you mix with it a half or whole drachm, according to the party's strength, of the Polychrestick powder of the buds.  
In these diseases this following powder is commended.  

Take of the Elderbuds dried in the shade drach. 2.  
Of Crystalline Elder-salt scrup. 8.  
Of Wormwood scrup. 4.   
Make of all a subtle powder, and give a scruple, or half a drachm thereof in broth in the morning for many days, commanding him to fast four hours, and use moderate exercise. Those that are not pleased with the powder may form it into pills, with the rob or juice of the berries, & drink broth above it.  
A Lixive made of Elder-ashes, prepared with wine or the water of the flowers, powerfully unlocks obstructions, and attenuateth and changeth bilous and tartarous humours. Whence it is a profitable Medicine in the Jaundice, some spoonfuls thereof being taken morning and evening, dulcerat with sugar, honey, or Elder-hony.  
Oximel Sambucinum taken in an ounce and half weight dissolved in the water or flowers of the bark is more meek and pleasant.  
Or where the heat is greater, and a Fever joined, an ounce and a half of the acetous syrup of the Elder, dissolved and given at one dose.  
Some commend four or six drops of the oil of the flowers of the second description in a spoonful of the spirit or best water of the flowers; give it twice a week, and command moderate exercise.  
In this case the spirit alone, the rob and its extract are safe medicines. For whilst the sink of the belly is emptied by the Polychrestick powder of the buds, they provoke sweat by their penetrating virtues, they unlock the obstructions and cramming of the Mesentery, Liver, Milt, and Gall; and cut and prepare the thickness of humours.  
The yellow middle bark is commended by his signature for the yellow Jaundice; by Crollius de Signaturis rerum. 'Tis therefore to be macerated in wine with two or three Jews ears; of which strained, drink a sound draught morning & evening. Or you must use the distilled water thereof; or the syrup made of its juice: For besides that they open the belly and evacuate hurtful humours, the Medicines prepared of this bark, have great virtue to open all obstructions.  
Six drops of the spirit of Elder-salt taken in broth, is commended.  
In the Scurvy, having premised these purging and cutting Medicines, the greatest hope of health and helps is placed in evacuating the serosities by sweeting: whence Plater affirms the rob of Elder-berries or Walwort to be very convenient, adding to three ounces of these one ounce of the syrup of Popie. The dose drachms 2. The extracts of these are more convenient and penetrating, of which give one scruple, or one drachm, in a spoonful of the spirit of Elder-flowers, or of Carduus Benedictus, or of Scurvigrass; and then let him provoke sweat in his bed, or in a dry Bath.  

Topics.  
EXternally anoint frequently the Hypocondriacks, where those bowels are placed, with the oil of the infused flowers; which the ordinary and used Dispensatories affirm to cure the Jaundice, and help the stopped Liver.  
In a hard and Scyrous Milt boil the leaves of Elder in Wine and Oil, to the consistence of a Poultice, which are to be put through a Searse or Setace, then mix therewith as much of the meal made of the flowers of Elder and Cammomile as will suffice; then apply it hot like a Cataplasm.  
This Cere-cloth, or Serat, is commended for mollifying and digesting scyrous tumours.  
First, boil twice or thrice recent Elder-leaves in the oil of the infusion of Elder-flowers, still pressing the leaves well, before you put in new ones. Then,  

Take of the oil so prepared ounc. 3.  
Of the powder of tender Elder-leaves one ounce and half.  
Of Turpentine and yellow Wax, enough.   
Of which apply every day to the place affected some of this spread on a piece of Leather, cut like a Cow's tongue, and covered with a fine linen cloth.  
The Scorbutic persons, amongst other symptoms which I have neither time nor place to mention, are troubled with a pain in the sols of their feet and tops of their fingers, which the famous Sennert. affirms to be cured by this:  
Take of Elder-flowers two handfuls, boil them in Wine, adding two drachms of soap spread on a cloth, and applied to the diseased part.    

CAP. XXIV.  
Of the hydropsy, and its kinds.  

1. Of Ascites.  
SEeing this depends of serous humours, fallen into the Abdomen; and seeing the virtue of the Elder is to exsiccate and draw water from the belly by the consent of Dioscorides and all Physicians; there is no man that doth not perceive that the Elder is of great virtue in this disease.  

Purging Medicines.  
First then boil in Wine, in a close vessel, those middle barks of the Elder, with one or two Jews-ears; sweeten the decoction; and for some days give it to the diseased party morning and evening to drink.  
Some praise this; Take of the middle bark subtly grated, as much as you will, boiled in a sufficient quantity of Goats-milk, that being put through a Searse, it may acquire the consistence of a syrup or honey; of which give an ounce, or an ounce and a half, for certain days in white wine. The water of the succulent middle-bark, distilled in the Springtime, and given with a third part of the syrup made of the juice of the buds, or roots, is used in two or three ounces weight.  
Quercetan in the first book and seventh chapter of his Dogmatic Pharmacy commends this purging water of the berries; Take the seeds or berries of the Elder and Ebulus, perfectly ripe, which is in Autumn; out of these with a press draw out the wine or juice, shaking out the inmost kernels, and mixing them with the rest, distil them.  
This water, which is Cohobat thus upon the dregs, hath a notable efficacy in purging, & chiefly of serous humours; let it be aromatized with Cinnamon, Coriander prepared with the juice of Lemons, and such like; it may be given to Hydropic persons from one ounce to two. Thus far Quercetan.  
For example, R. Of the water preserved ounces two, Syrup or juice of the berries and buds, of each one ounce and half mixed. Of this composed water you may see more in the cited place of Quercetan.  
Of the Wines we have often made mention before, chiefly in the second Section; nevertheless we will set down this of Quercetans, in his first Book and ninth Chapter, because it differs little from others; The seeds are to be pressed, and the juice drawn out, which being mixed with a double quantity of the Must of the best white wine, is to be put in a Hogshead of convenient bigness, till it be fully digested and fermented.  
Note, That it is better if it be done in a close Hogshead, that is, if the Hogshead be not altogether full; but at least the third part be left empty, and be well closed that nothing do exhale. Which being done, and the fermentation being in a month's time finished, the hogshead is to be opened, and to be filled up to the brim with wine, wrought after that manner with the juice of berries in another hogshead.  
This wine doth purge all serous humours, and much helpeth Hydropic persons; the dose is a cup, less or smaller as the strength of the person is.  
Dioscorides writeth, that the root being boiled in wine, and given to Hydropic persons in their meat, doth help them.  
Whose juice being pressed out, doth purge upward and downward like Antimony, as Mindererus witnesseth in his Military Medicine, cap. 6. So that we are to use it warily, and only so much in quantity as the half of a Walnut-shell will hold, as he honestly informs.  
He commends there likewise a Salad made of the buds, oil, salt, and vinegar, which we have set down in the cure of the intestine diseases. Forestus lib. 19 Observat. 44. affirms, That by long experience he had learned, that the leaves of Elder being put in Hydrogogick decoctions, do excellently purge water, chiefly in the hydropsy.  
The same Forestus in the same book and 87 Observe. hath this, The bark of the root of the Elder reduced in a Succus, the dose is two ounces, in fragrant Wine. Benedic. Veronensis writes, that some give four drachms of the juice of the bark of Elder-roots. Others give for 9 days together the juice of Elder-bark-roots in a pretty quantity, or an ounce in the waning of the Moon, and so cure Hydropic persons: for it bravely purgeth water, as the middle bark of the Elder doth likewise. Nicholas at one time gives six ounces of the decoction of middle Elder-bark: The same man giveth two or three drachms of the juice of the Elder, and of the juice of Ebulus four drachms to an ounce. Some give the juice of the middle-bark of the Elder with Oximel. Thus far Forestus.  
And this I have set down, that all may know there was great difference of the dose amongst the Ancients. Nevertheless let him observe faithfully Mindererus his dose, till he know the virtues exactly of each.  
Muller in his Medicinal Mysteries saith, This is the perfect cure of the hydropsy; R. Of the juice of the recent roots of the white Lily, and of the juice of the green middle-bark of the Elder, of each one spoonful. Take it in common water or thin Oximel ever after three or four days: This purgeth the belly strongly. For the tumours that are left about the knees, feet, etc. lay to them the leaves of the great Bur-docks, for they draw out the water.  
The Polychrestick powder of the buds in a drachm, given in white wine sweetened with Oximel of the Elder, or syrup of the juice of the berries is commended in this disease.  
Or, 

Take of the Polychrestick powder of the buds four scruples.  
Of Gum of Peru of Galingale, of each half a scruple.   Make an exact mixed powder, it is to be given in what liquor you please, at two times to a patient that is not yet weak; for it powerfully evacuateth serous humours.  
If the form of powder displease you, work it with the syrup of honey of Elder in form of Pills, or with the Rob of Elder in form of a Bole.   

Hydroticks or Sudorificks.  
If by these cathartics the body be emptied well enough, than you may safely proceed to Sudorificks & Diuretics: For if we proceed otherwise, the whole stream will be devolved on the reins and ureters, whereby the gathering together thereof grievous symptoms will arise.  
The Rob of the Elder and its extract are Sudorificks. The first whereof given in two drachms weight is commended by the Augustans for this purpose. The second is to be in as many scruples, dissolved in the water and vinegar of Elder-flowers for one dose.  
Or where the Liver is more cold, and the urine less red, give a spoonful or two of the spirit of the berries or tincture of the Elder, made thin with the water of the flowers, and sweetened with the syrup of the juice of the berries. Then in bed or in a dry Bath provoke sweat.  
The spirit of the flowers is more gentle, nevertheless it excellently provoketh sweat, and drieth strongly the water of the Hydropic person, especially if it be well rectified.   

Diuretics, and which move Urine.  
Besides those rehearsed, these that follow are Diuretics. The salt of the Elder with a third or equal part of the salt of Wormwood. The dose from a scruple to half a drachm.  
The spirit distilled from the salt powerfully moveth urine, and drieth moisture; six drops thereof are to be given in broth some days.  
Where the bowels are more hot, and the urine more red, which is ofttimes a deadly token in Hydropic persons, instead of these give three or four ounces of the acetous syrup of the Elder dissolved in the water of the flowers and leaves, of each half a pound; whereof four or five ounces are to be drank before meat twice a day morning and evening. The poor man's Euporist, viz. A Lixive prepared of Elder and Juniper-ashes, with one part of white wine, and three parts of simple water, or the distilled water of Elder-flowers; whereof give a cup full twice a day to the Patient fasting, and command moderate exercise for half an hour or longer, if it be possible; add to it a sufficient quantity of Sugar and Cinnamon, to make it smell and taste more sweetly.   

The Experiment of Emylia, Countess of Isinburg.  
And seeing we have made mention here of Diuretics, I will not pass by this Receipt of the Countess, by which alone she cured many poor people of the hydropsy; in which, albeit much is to be attributed to the potion itself, nevertheless I ascribe the chief effects of this happy Medicine to the wine prepared of the Elder-flowers and sponges, which the Hydropic use in time of their cure; therefore I have set down the whole course of the cure, as it is faithfully communicated to all the true Sons of this noble Art, by the famous Finck, in the 26 Chapter of his Enchirid.  

Take of the old Acorns unshelled,  
Of the old roots of Parsley,  
Of white Oculi Cancrorum, of each two scruples and an half.  
Of Sugar,  
Of Cinnamon, of each one drachm.   
All are to be subtly pulverised and seared.  
Before the diseased person altogether lie down, first let him moisten three shives of wheat-bread in strong wine; may be it would not be beside the purpose, if before in that wine he had macerated some Elder-flowers; then presently let him sprinkle upon these shives 4 scruples down weight of that powder, and at night before he go to bed, let him eat it, and go to bed and sleep above them.  
Secondly, on the day next following, early in the morning, let him eat as many shives of bread so prepared, and fast one or two hours after.  
Thirdly, on the same day at night let him eat the same preparation, eating and drinking nothing above it, and so go to sleep.  
In the mean time this diet is to be observed; Let the diseased person abstain from fish, swines-flesh, herbs, cheese, cold water, thin and superfluous drink: Let him use wine prepared after this manner, which I esteem to be the chief part of the cure.  

Take of the whole dried umbels of Elder-flowers, three,  
Of Jews-ears exsiccate in a dry air, two,  
Of white wine two quarts; or for the use of a middle-child, one quart.   
Let them stand all night in infusion, and the patient may drink thereof at his pleasure; but let him abstain from all other drink till the tumour be evanished.  
Mark, if the patient by this cure find not an evident alteration, & abating of the tumour, he may after a fortnight renew the cure; and without doubt, by divine assistance, he shall recover his former health.   

Topics.  
Apply outwardly to the tumified parts a Cataplasm of the juice of the Elder incorporate with Goates-dung, which hath an eminent virtue in digesting those salt & waterish humours.  
Or anoint the tumified parts with the oil of the bark and leaves, prescribed before in the second place; unto which add this same dung to give it consistence.  
The tincture drawn out of the rob and juice of the berries doth excellently discuss and dry, if it be rubbed on the belly and legs.  
Or, take a sufficient quantity of the leaves and bark, boil them in a common Lixive, wherewith foment the belly and tumified parts twice a day.  
The vapour of which decoction, held under the Hydropic legs, draweth the serosity from thence, and discusseth it by sweat; it must be poured on hot bricks in a close vessel, that the vapour may come to the heat.  
Others bid the feet and legs only to be bathed in a decoction of the leaves, wherein a handful or two of common salt hath been dissolved.  
Note, that the pith of the Elder being pressed with the finger, doth pit, as Hydropic feet do; therefore the juice of the Elder, and the distilled water of Jews-ears, are profitable. Crollius' de signaturis rerum, hither you may transfer the example of the Hydropic and gravelly clown, as it is set down in the Chapter concerning the Stone, who was cured by the use of the pith of the Elder.    

2. Of Anasarca or Leucophlegmatia.  
IN Anasarca or Leucophlegmatia, having prescribed lighter purges, you are immediately to proceed to Sudorificks and cutting Medicines, which we have set down, made of the juice, extract, and spirit of the berries, and so forth.  
For by these the serosity that resides in the musculous flesh, and swells the members, are discussed; and the desired heat is restored to the cold and weak members, and the entrails appointed for nutrition are opened and strengthened.  
The wine of the flowers of the Elder is excellent for ordinary drink. By which alone'tis manifest, that some after long fevers, and other chronical diseases, becoming Leucophlegmatick did in an instant untumifie: wherefore may be that experiment of Emylio the Countess were more fit to be used in this than in the Ascites.  
Note, there was a certain Citizen of Haina, who for two years being vexed with a continual falling again into fevers, and after that became Leucophlegmatick through his whole body, by my advice he was cured by these following; First, I desired him to use wine wherein the Elder-bark and flowers, and the tops of wormwood in equal parts were infused, thereby to open the obstructions of the Meseraick vessels, & to purge the serous & pituitous inundations of the first region. Of which every morning, after he had taken a little broth, he was to take a good draught. From which time, after the belly had for a few days answered the Medicine, I desired him to swallow a pretty spoonful of Elder-rob, mixed with Hearts-horn; and having drank Vinegar of the Elder, mixed with Wine, go to sweat in bed; which being done twice or thrice, his whole body did detumifie; a more lively colour, and laudable appetite did return; neither to this day hath appeared any residity of Fevers.  
While I was writing these things, a grave Matron told me this history; she was almost threescore years old, being troubled for some weeks with a white Flux of the belly, she fell into an Hydropsy, so that her belly & flesh wonderfully swelling, her strength marvellously decayed; her daughters being amazed and doubtful of their mother's health, they went to a Physician their kinsman, then famous in this Country, they earnestly desired his counsel & help; who, albeit he was terrified by her weakness proceeding from her age & sickness, to use any cure; yet nevertheless through their entreaty he appointed some comfortablethings amongst which he chiefly commended the conserve of Elder-flowers, and commanded each morning half an ounce should be given her thereof, by which alone, through divine assistance, she was in a short time recovered, and lived till she was fourscore years old, to the great wonder of all those that saw and heard it.   

3. Of a Timpany.  
SEeing of this disease the belly is so swelled of flatuosities, that it sounds like a drum, if it be beat on; and that these flatuosities do proceed from no other cause than from a weak stomach; the stomach is to be strengthened, and the flatuosities discussed.  
These indications, a Purge being premised, if needful, are well satisfied by the spirit of Granorum Acts simple and stomatical, commended much before for a weak stomach, seeing it not only strengtheneth, but likewise by his subtle faculty penetrateth the most subtle passages of the body, and discusseth all flatuosities; chiefly if the dose of the Carminant-seeds, of Anise and Fennelseeds, be augmented: Give every day a spoonful, and anoint the belly with the same.  
Or, 

Take of the Spirit of the Stomatical Granorum Acts, two ounces,  
Of the Elder-flowers, one ounce and an half,  
Of white Sugar Candy pulverised, one ounce: mix them.    
The dose, one or two spoonfuls.  
Benedict Victor Favorin. in 25 cap. of his Empyricks hath these: I saw a wonderful effect in curing the flatulent hydropsy; every morning in the dawning this drink was given to the patient, 

Take of the water of the roots of Danewort, two ounces.  
Of the Elder, four ounces, mix them.   Continue without interruption this drink for thirty days, and a wonderful effect will follow. But I would ever add some of the syrup of the berries or flowers, seeing the distilled water given alone much troubleth the fasting stomach.    

CAP. XXV.  
Of the Stone.  
IN the Stone of the Bladder a Laxative of the Elder Locusts, which is most useful in this and other diseases, because it only helps nature naturally to go to stool, Petraeus Nosolog. harm. diss. 40. Thes. 53.  
The wine made of the flowers and berries help greatly here; for first they disburden the stomach and intestines of that serous and mucid humour, whereby pure Chyle, and less impregnant with those tartarous tinctures is brought to the liver. Whence it is that the serous comes not so impure & muddy to the urinal passages. And besides, if any slip be committed here, and the tartarous humour be gathered together in these vessels, this wine changeth them, and with the urine thrusts them out of the body: Drink it fasting in the morning, the dose a cup full, having supped a little broth before it.  
An Anodyne and Emollient Clyster may be made of the decoction of the flowers and leaves of the Elder; unto every eight ounces of the strained decoction, add three or four ounces of the oil of infused Elder-flowers; if we will change more, pour this decoction through the ashes of Elder-leaves a little, and mix with it, besides the oil, two ounces of Elder-hony.  
The pith being cut and swallowed, is commonly much praised for moving urine, and purging those dregs. And I know a man, who being troubled with the Ascites and Stone, by the persuasion of a Countrywoman, used only this pith; having avoided these dregs, and much serousness daily by his urine, was cured of his Nephritick pains and hydropsy.  
There are some that cutting it in thin shaves, infused it in the spirit of the berries; and after a fortnight, press the pith strongly and strain the spirits, and give a spoonful of the Colature, which they commend much.  

The Lithonthryptick Elder-spirit.  
Take two ounces of the Elder-pith cut as is said: put thereon as much of the spirit of the berries well rectified as will cover it. Let them stand seven days in a hot place, in vessels well closed, that nothing evaporate. After pressing the pith, strain hard the spirit a few times: Put into the Colature some bruised Juniper-berries, viz. two ounces. Leave it likewise for two days in infusion, in a hot place, in a close vessel: Afterward press it again, & strain it. Again infuse as much Juniper-berries into the colature, and leave it for three days in the infusion, and again press it, and strain it, and purify it from all the feculent grounds, as much as you are able. And so you have the stonebreak spirit of the Elder endued with the essence of Elder-pith, and Juniper-berries; which you are to keep in a stopped close glass, whose use is excellent in breaking and expelling the stone, especially if it be used as followeth.  
First, the nefritick person is to purge his belly with Polychrestick powder of the buds, or with the Clyster prescribed a little before; and having anointed his loins with Elder-oyle, he must go into a 〈◊〉 made of Peas-straw and Mallows▪ the flowers of Elder and Cammomile; afterward let him drink a spoonful of this spirit in white-Wine, and stay in the Bath till he avoid the Stone. And to avoid swooning, let him hold to his nose a sponge dipped in Elder-vinegar, and let him moisten his pulses with this same vinegar, or some cordial Epithem.  
This Medicine hath its original from the experiments set down in the Dutch Matthiolus, and is called a wonderful Medicine by Muller in his Mysteries Medicinal. Nevertheless this is to be preferred to that in respect of the virtues it hath from the pith, or spirit of the Elder, to break the stone.   

A Stonebreak Essence, or Extract.  
He that pleaseth may prepare an excellent Essence, or Extract, against stony & tartarous diseases, as followeth:  

Take of the Pith of the Elder one ounce,  
Of the dried Berries of the Elder,  
Of recent Juniper-berries, of each an ounce and half;  
Of Liquorice mundified, six drachmas.   
The Pith and Liquorice are to be cut in small pieces, and the berries grossly powdered; being mixed, let them be infused in a sufficient quantity of Elder spirit; and let them stand in a hot place for a fortnight together, stirring each day the glass, and stopping the mouth thereof well; that time being ended, put them in a linen bag, and in a press press them strongly; put the strained liquor in a Cucurbit, and putting to the Alimbeck thereof, distil that spirit in Balneo, till that which remains in the bottom become as thick as honey, having mixed before with it two drachms of the magistery or salt Ocular. Cancror. being mixed, keep them in a glass vessel: whereof give from a scruple to a drachm dissolved in a spoonful of that spirit that was distilled from them, and in the water of Linaria distilled with Rhenish wine; observing those things which were prescribed before in the administration of the stonebreak spirit of the Elder.  
The salt of the Elder is commendable in salt & tartarous diseases, given alone or mixed with the former extract in a convenient liquor, 8 or 6 grains of the spirit of salt doth cleanse these tartarous muddinesses.   

Dysuria and Ischuria.  
In the difficulty of making water, and in the not making water at all, these Medicines are excellent; seeing these symptoms arise from a muddy and mucid humour, or from a glewish toughness that obstructeth the urinal passages.  
But chiefly the stonebreak extract of the Elder is good in this case; whereof give a scruple in the water of the flowers of Vinaria, and the diseased is to be fomented about the secrets with the decoction of the Radish and Vinaria. Pliny saith, that the stones being drank in two ounces weight move urine.    

CAP. XXVI.  
Of the Affections of the Womb.  
TO mollify and open the secrets of a woman, and cure the diseases about them, it is affirmed by Dioscorides to be done by incession, made of the Roots of Elder boiled in water.  

1. Of the stopping of the Monthly Terms.  
MAny Medicines made of the Elder are to be used in the defect of the monthly Terms; which for the most part proceeds from a gross blood, or tough humour, closing or obstructing the orifices of the Histerick veins.  
First than you are to use things which open the belly, and disburden it of that putrid filth; give them therefore to drink the wine of the berries, which looseneth the belly, and maketh thin the blood and gross humours.  
The distilled water of the middle-bark, mixed with the purging water of the berries, prepared as Quercetan directs, serves for both ends: The dose is three ounces, with one ounce of the syrup of the berries, bark, or buds.  
Which if you desire to be more Cathartick, add to it half a drachm, or as much as sufficeth, of the Polychrestick powder of the buds.  
The Elder-rob, with the powder of the white Dittany, or of Pimpinel, is the women's Medicine. Gabel Shover hath this:  

Take of ripe Elder-berries,  
Of Rosemary, of each one handful,  
Of Pimpinel-roots, half an ounce,   
Boiled in a quart of strong old Wine; whereof drink a good draught warm each morning for three days, before the time of their courses, and let them fast two hours after.  
The spirit of the berries is likewise useful, which by its subtlety passes through the whole body, and through the least vessels thereof, cutting and attenuating the grossness of the humours; it may be taken the same time before the courses use to flow: The dose is a pretty spoonful in Wine, or some distilled water; in place of the simple spirit, you may take the Hysterick described hereafter in the same quantity and manner; for his virtue is great, in moving the courses.  
The oil of the second description is commendable, if two or four drops thereof be added to these spirits.  
In the Scyrrous disposition of the matrix, where the crammed humour is hardened into a Scyrrous, closing the orifice of the veins, and stopping the courses, besides these Medicines you must make incessions of the leaves and root of the Elder boiled in water, as Dioscorides commands.  
Let there likewise be an ointment made of the oil of the infused flowers and leaves, mixed with the fat of a hen. This same fat dissolved in the decoction of the roots and leaves is to be injected into the womb.   

2. Of the flowing of the Courses.  
TRagea granorum acts excelleth in stopping these; whereof give half a drachm, and as much Nutmeg in a soft egg, or red Wind, singed by the quenching of red hot gold in it.  

Take of Tragea Granorum Acts half an ounce.  
Of Nutmegs, a little roasted,  
Of the roots of Tormentil,  
Of red Coral prepared with Rosewater, of each two scruples.  
Of Sugar-rosat in Tablets, six drachmas.   
Let them be mixed for a Tragea; whereof take morning and evening two drachmas for a dose in the former liquors.  
If the blood be too serous and fluid; that serousness is either to be purged gently by the belly, or by weak Hydroticks by sweeting; whereof we have spoken largely in another place.  
Gabel Shover hath this; Give to the woman in the morning three spoonfuls of the best water of Elder-flowers, and command her to fast three hours after.   

3. Of the Suffocation of the Matrix.  
SEeing this most perilous Disease dependeth from a malignant and cold air, exhaled from the womb and uterine vessels to the Midriff, Heart, and Brains, the womb is to be purged of all malignant and putrid humours, and the strength is to be corroborated.  
Apply here those things which were set down in the stopping of the Courses; both because these used not to be the least and seldomest cause of these malignant vapours; and likewise because the Medicaments purge and dissipate these uterine filths gathered upon whatsoever occasion.  
A half or whole spoonful of the spirit of the flowers or berries of the Elder, greatly availeth here, both out, and in time of the fit, for both powerfully discuss these cold and poisonous vapours, evacuate out of the utrenal sink, and vindicate the more nobler entrails from their infection, and restore freer breathing. Gabel Shover taketh a handful of Jews-ears, and infuseth them in a quart of the spirit of Wine; of the which he giveth the diseased a full draught in time of her fit.  
The Antiepileptick Elder-spirit, if it be used instead of the Juniper, is good; and with it anoint the belly below the navel toward the secrets.  
Or prepare for this, and such diseases, this that follows.  

The Histerick Spirit of the Elder.  
Take of the middle bark of the Elder, one ounce,  
Of the roots of white Dittany,  
Of round Birthwort, of each three drachmas.  
Of the dried leaves of the Elder, one handful.  
Of red Artimesia. or Mugwort,  
Of Prrsley, of each half an handful.  
Of the flowers of white Lilies, two drachmas.  
Of clean Jews-ears, three in number.   
Being cut, infuse them in a competent quantity of Elder-sprit, that it may be a hand-breadth above them. Let them stand in infusion for ten days; & every day stir them twice; afterwaad distil them in Balneo, foa the Histerick spirit; of which give a half, or whole spoonful in time of the fit, and with the same anoint the lower belly, by rubbing it in, as hath been prescribed.  
Not only in the suffocation of the Matrix, which by excellency is called the Histerick passion; but also it is excellent for the stopped flowers, and other cold and moist diseases of the womb.  
It helpeth likewise to expel the dead child & secondines, if after universals, and topics, a spoonful thereof be given in white Wine, or some distilled water, three or four drops of the oil of the flowers of the second description, being mixed therewith.  

Extractum Granorum Acts Hystericum.  
Of the ripe grains of the Elder dried in the shadow, Quercetan forms an Extract, which is a specific Histerick, and is called of the Chemists, Extractum Granorum Acts. It is thus prepared:  
Gather a great quantity of the grains of the Elder well dried in the shadow; & having thrown all the rest of the berry away, reserve the grains only; with which fill a long-necked great Cucurbit to the middle; put upon it the strong spirit of wine, made acid with the acid liquor either of Vitriol or Sulphur, that it may be three or four fingers broad above the matter; the vessel being closed, that nothing may breathe out: Digest it for five or six days in B.M. till the spirit of the wine receive the tincture of a Ruby, which you shall separate by inclination, having a care that none of the dregs or troubled matter go with it.  
Of which tincture not having separated its menstruum, that is, the aqua vitae, which without any corruption or alteration will be kept long; unto which you may add a little Sugar, if you will make it have a more pleasant taste; you may give a half or whole silver spoonful to women troubled with the suffocation of the Matrix, shall be unexpectedly, and as it were miraculously weakened, and restored to their perfect health.  
Again, if you will separate from it the aqua vitae by an Alimbeck in Balneo vaporoso, till the extract remain in the bottom of a most excellent red colour, whereof give a scruple for a dose in its own proper distilled water, or in other convenient waters, or in white wine, and it will become red. Thus far Quercetan.  
The Uterine mixture which I used to prepare is this;  
First I take the berries of the Elder dried in a flow heat of the Bakehouse; of Mugwort and of Castoreum as much as I please; I put upon each of them by themselves in a Viol some of the rectified spirits of the Elder, and draw out the essence according to art; and I purify each one of them by themselves, and keep them in Glasses.  
Afterwards,  

Take of the essence of Elder-berries six ounces.  
Of Balm-mint three ounces.  
Of Castor,  
Of the spirit of Vitriol well rectified, of each one ounce.   
Being mixed, I put them in a Glass of a narrow throat, and I digest them for ten days in a warm Balneo, that they may be well united; and if any dregs be in them, they may go to the bottom; from which I separate that which is clear, I strain it, and keep it in a well-stopped Glass. The dose is a little spoonful alone, and dissolved in some appropriate water; but if the body be full of ill humours, I first purge it with the Polychrestick powder of Elderbuds.  
In place of Appendix I thought fit to join hereto the Medicines made of the Elder long ago, commended and commanded by our great Chieftain and Master Hypocrates, in Uterine Affections.  
In the hydropsy of the Matrix, he commendeth the fruit of the Elder, given fasting in wine, lib. 1. de morb. mulier.  
He saith, this purgeth things to be purged in Childbed; boil the leaves of the Elder, and give the water thereof to drink, ibidem.  
If the womb be inflamed in childbirth, let her sup hot the tender leaves of the Elder lightly boiled with the grossest part of recent wheat-meal, ibid.  
In the same place he commands us to put into the secrets a long piece of Elder-pith, the tenderer part being shaved.  
In Ulcers of the womb pound Linseed and Elder-berries together, mix honey with them, and make a Plaster, and use it, ibid.  
Or the leaves of the Elder, and of the Lentisk, being boiled in water and strained, are to be injected warm, Lib. de nature. mulier.  
The same things being likewise pounded with Muss, may be outwardly applied, ibid.  
In a filthy ulceration of the Matrix, boil the berries of the Elder and Laurel, in equal potions in wine, afterward inject that wine, lib. 1. d. m. m.  
Or take the berries of the Elder, Anice, frankincense, Myrrh, Wines, and inject their juices, ibid. Whereby the courses are likewise provoked, ibid.  
To expel the Secondine, first apply a Foment made of the decoction of Elder-leaves, and then that which is made of Cantharideses, ibid.  
In very great fluxes of the courses apply a Cataplasm made of Elder and Mirtle-leaves, lib. 2. m. m.  
Or boil in water the leaves of Elder and Lentisk, and with the Colature warm wash the Matrix, ibid.  
In the strangulation of the Matrix, R. Three half quarts of Oil, and a handful of Elder-leaves; boil this, and make a fomentation therewith, or with hot shells put in it, make a Stove, placing the woman in a chair, and covering her with clothes.  
Or boil the leaves of Elder and Myrtle, and in the strained water boil Barley-chaff, and make a Stove; if she can endure the heat thereof, ibid.  
If the pain be vehement after her purging boil in black wine the Laurel and Elder-berries, and wash it therewith, ibid.  
Or boil the Elder in water, and having strained the water, put to it sweet wine, and wash therewith.  
Of which, and many others, you may view Hypocrates in those Books and places mentioned.     

CAP. XXVII.  
Of the Arthritick Disease.  
HOw stiff this Disease is, and how miserably it tormenteth the patient, is known even to children; notwithstanding it expects ease, if not full cure; which sometimes is done by the Medicines of our Elder.  
And seeing nothing is more able to preserve than that great increase of serous humours being hindered, & those that are sprung be evacuated: Seeing from these, if not only, yet most commonly, Arthritick pains have their beginning; as experience can testify. These Medicines therefore that follow are convenient.  
Viz. The wine of the berries, of which he is to drink a cup full oft in the week, in the morning or in the beginning of dinner: But that is of most force, which we have set down in the 24 Chapter out of Quercetan.  
The water distilled out of the succulent bark in the Autumn, or Spring, is oft to be drank. Let it be sweetened with the third part of the syrup of the berries or buds; the dose is four ounces. That it may purge more forcibly, mix therewith a half or whole drachm, according to the Patient's strength, of the Polychrestick powder of the Buds.  
Vomits are good to preserve from this disease, if it be provoked once a month by those that are used to it. In cure of the Arthritick, chiefly of the Sciatick or Gout, seeing vomit doth revel, and derive by the upper parts, it performs more than any downward purge. Therefore you are to reiterate it two days and more, if the evil persevere.  
The oil pressed out of the kernels of the berries, and half a drachm thereof taken in the broth of Ale, doth excel in this disease. The oil of the infused flowers or bark is good; the dose is one or two ounces in warm water.  
You shall repress the Arthritick assaults, if you once or twice in the month sweat, having first purged the body: For the serous matter gathered in the body is easily discussed by sweat; and as soon as natural or artificial sweat appears, there is great hopes of safety. See Hildanus, Center 5. observ. 3.  
Give then of the Rob of the Elder two drachms with a scruple of Hartshorn prepared; or half a drachm or two scruples of the extract Granorum acts; or one spoonful or two of the spirit of the berries or flowers.  
This is uporist of some, 

The Roots of the Elder or Walnut, half an ounce.  
Of the pulverised Kernels, drachm 1.   Let them macerate for a night in white wine, whose Colature being a little sweetened with Sugar, is to be given in the morning in bed, to provoke sweat. If it be given a little before the fit, it disappoints it.  
In the Springtime the buds prepared with oil, vinegar and salt; and frequently being eaten before supper, being mixed with other Salads, is commendable; for they gently purge the belly and purify the blood from serosity.  
The powder of the buds dried in the shadow, is good for preventing of Gouts and all Arthritick Diseases; whereof take in the Springtime or Harvest, for a whole month together in the morning, half a scruple in a soft egg with a little salt. Or take the Conserve of the buds alone, or mixed with the Conserve of the flowers in equal parts. The dose is the bigness of a Walnut or Chesnut, morning and evening before meat. Drink above it some of the water of the flowers, sweetened with a little of the juice of the berries.  

Topics.  
A linen cloth dipped in the distilled water of the leaves and flowers of the Elder, and applied warm, wonderfully assuages the pain, unlocks the pores, digests the matter, and strengthens the nervous parts.  
That it may more penetrate, and where the colour and heat is greater you may add in equal quantity Elder-vinegar. Where the matter is colder, and the pain longer, you may dip the same clothes in such a liquor as this, and apply them hot.  

Take of the spirit of Elder-berries, three ounces.  
The spirit of the flowers, drach. 2.  
Of Opium of Thebes, scruples two, mix them.   
By its Narcotick virtue it mitigateth the pains, and discusseth the more stubborn matter, and refresheth the members.   

The Goutish Anodine Water.  
Quercetan in the first book and seventh chapter sets down this Podagrick water;  
Take of the green leaves and flowers of Elder, of each lib. 1. more or less, as you please, to make it greater or less quantity; pound them, and macerate them well in B. M. then distil them in a Glass, or Copper vessel, till they be dry; with this water forment the pained place twice a day; yea you may use it constantly in that Gout, which proceeds from hot humours. So far he.  
The Oil, wherein the roots of the Elder or Ebulus, and the leaves or fine extract from them, hath been boiled, chiefly the oil of the Dwarf-Elder-seed, from which the seeds of the greater differ little, is much praised here. It is prepared thus; beat the ripe and clean seeds in a paste, boil it in water, and gather the scum thereof, put it in a long Glass, in a warm place for three or four days, till the oil, which is greenish, go to the bottom; the same oil pressed out of the seeds is most powerful.  
These are the words of Plater, in the second part of his practice.  
Or, take oil of infused Elder-flowers, ounces two; and of it pressed out of the kernels, half an ounce.  
Being mixed, apply them warm to the grieved place. Dioscorides affirms, that the recent leaves applied, with the fat of a Goat or Bull, doth help the Goutish.  
I know a man, that whensoever he is troubled with the Gout useth only this unction; He taketh new Cream of Milk, and he mixeth with it the Powder made into fine meal, of the and leaves of the Elder, till it acquire the consistence of a Poultice, or Cataplasm, which being spread on a linen cloth, he applieth it hot to the diseased part; and from this easy and simple Medicine he exspects, and experiences with happy success, great ease.  
Gabel Shover, amongst others, hath this; Take the water of the Elder, and the spirit of Wine, of each ounces 2; mix them, and apply clothes moistened therein: Some take two ounces of Elder-water, and one of aqua vite, and mix them.  
The same man much commendeth in pains of the joints, and other cold defluctions, from which the resolution and Palsy of the joints do proceed, this:  
Take a good quantity of Elder-pith, a quarter of a pint of Rhenish-Wine, and as much of your own urine, being mixed, boil them in a new pot, till half be consumed. Then anoint the grieved place with the spirit of Wine, and rub it well in. Afterward apply a woollen-cloth hot, dipped in the former decoction. And when it is dry, dipped it and apply it again. And this is to be done before you go to bed.  
Some praise this that follows, in Arthritick Diseases, chiefly which are hot.   

A Mucilaginous Andonyne Liquor.  
R. Of quick Snails, newly taken whole out of their shelly cottages; Of Elder-berries dried in the Oven, and pulverised; and of common salt, of each as much as you will; put it in the straining bag called Hypocrates sleeve, making one row upon another so oft as you please; so that the first be of the Snails, the next of the Salt, and the last of the berries, continning so till the bag be full; hang it up in a Cellar, and gather diligently the glutinous liquor that distils out of it by little and little, even to the Mucilage; and being put in a stopped Glass, expose it four days to the Sun; and therewith anoint gently the grieved part.    

CAP. XXVIII.  
Of the Scab, Psora, Itch, Herpes, and other Cutaneous Diseases.  
'tIs a Golden saying of our Divine Master, Aphorism 21. Sect. 1. That we carefully observe the motion of Nature and its course, and with our Medicines assist it as much as we are able.  
Seeing in most of these out-breaking in the skin Nature doth thrust the hurtful matter from the principal parts to the more ignoble and less principal, viz. the Cutaneous, it seemeth best here to use Sudorificks, and those that expel to the circumference of the body.  
Because many times a great heap of putrid humours are seated about the stomach, Mesentery, Liver, and Melt; that sink, as far as is possible, is to be emptied by Emetic and Cathartick Medicines, lest omitting and neglecting this evacuation, the putrid and salted humours, by the unseasonable use of Sudorificks, being drawn out of the Jacks of the first region, be thrust into the greater and nobler veins, and so raise more dangerous damages.  

Purges and Vomits.  
In delicate bodies and children, the water distilled from the succulent bark, by two cohobies, and sweetened with a little syrup of the juice of the berries, doth work this effect, being given in a few spoonfuls. Also the syrup of the berries juice, being given alone, from an ounce to an ounce and half.  
In those of riper age, give the purging water made according to Quercetans' descripton, from two ounces to three, with an ounce of the syrup of the buds or bark.  
Or use twice or thrice the Polychrestick Powder of the Buds in Whey.  
Or incorporate it with the Conserve of the flowers for a bowl; or reduce it into the form of a pill, with the syrup of them, or such like; for it is a good Medicine to purge the body from salt and feculent humours.  
Or take a cupful of Whey, macerate in that, half or a whole ounce of the middle bark of the Elder; the Colature being strained in the morning, let it be drank warm. The wine of the infusion of the bark and root of the Elder, subtly grated, is good to provoke vomit, and empty the belly of evil humours; it doth this when they have infused together for a night. These are the words of Vigo in his Chirurg. part. 1. lib. 7.  
Or take a drachm of the oil pressed out of the berries kernels, more or less, according to the strength of the patient; give it in a cup of lukewarm Ale.  
It were likewise profitable for the Scabby, if they made a Salad of those young buds, who in the beginning of the Spring, together with those out-breaking and pustles of the skin, by the singular favour of Nature, as contemperanious, do bud forth; being first macerated a little in hot water, with oil, salt, and vinegar; and sometimes eaten, it purgeth the belly, and freeth the blood from salt and serous humours.   

Sudorificks.  
These things being premised, that which remains yet in the skin, or mass of blood, is to be emptied by Sudorificks.  
The water of Elder-flowers and the clearer spirit of them may be given even to children. For to make it of a more pleasant taste sweeten them with a little syrup of the infusion of the flowers.  
These Medicines following agree to those that come to years.  

Take of the Rob of the Elder two drachms.  
Of Hartshorn burned and prepared one scruple.  
Of the Water of Elder-flowers three ounces.  
Of Oximel of the Elder half an ounce.   
Mix them, & make a draught of them.  

Or, take of the extract of Elder-berries two scruples,  
Of Elder-salt half a scruple,  
Of the water distilled from its flowers two ounces,  
Of the Vinegar of the flowers half an ounce.   
Mix them for a draught.  
After taking of these sweat is to be provoked in Bath or Bed.  
The Conserve of Elder-flowers with the Conserve of Cicory-flowers is commodious to change, alter, and strengthen the entrails or inward parts.  
Or make this Julap, which you must use every day an hour or two before supper; or after you come from Bath or sweeting, drink four ounces thereof.  

Take of the Conserve of Elder-flowers,  
Of Borage,  
Of Cicory, of each half an ounce.   
Dissolve them on a soft fire in a quart of Elder-flowers water; to the strained Colature add of the sharp Elder-syrup two ounces, mix them.   

Topics.  
In a more universal, filthy, and continuing Scab, Tetter or Psora, etc. prepare this sort of Bath.  

Take of recent Elder-leaves, ten handfuls,  
Six whole Umbels of the flowers,  
Of quick-sulphure, two ounces,  
Of crude-Allum, one ounce.   
Boil it in a sufficient quantity of rain-water, unto which afterward add a sixth part of the Lixive. Let the diseased every day sit once in a Bath, to provoke sweat, not neglecting in the mean time the former internals. Or where only the hands or feet are scabby, the same decoction; but in less quantity is to be prepared; wherein daily the feet and hands are to be washed; yet nevertheless you may add other things, as the roots of Sorrel, and Alacampain.  
After the Bath, the exulcerate and cleft places are to be anointed, to mitigate their pain, with the oil of the infufed flowers; to which you may give a more drying and healing virtue to the leaves of the Elder, subtly pulverised till it come to the consistence of a Liniament.  
Or, use the Liniament of Matthiolus, or Plater. Or this:  

Take of the oil of the infused flowers and bark of the Elder, of each 3 drachms,  
Of washed Ceruse, one drachm, or four scruples,  
Of Wax, enough.   
Make thereof a Liniament.  
Those black, round, and about very red pustles, which break forth frequently in the feet, chiefly of women, are oft to be washed with the water of the leaves, and mitigated with the foresaid unctions.  
Mark, There was a Baker's wife in Heyna, which could not go out of doors by reason of the abundance of those Pustles, and was greatly disquieted by their heat, having premised what was fitting, she used for a Topick milk, wherein the flowers were macerated, in which, clothes being dipped, were applied warm with great ease. Where the heat and redness is more intense, instead of simple milk, take sour or Buttermilk.  
Only sweeting by taking the rob of the Elder sometimes doth cure the simple Herpes by the abstersive and siccative quality.  
In this the oil pressed out of the kernels of the berries reduced in form of a Liniament with Sugar of Saturn, is much praised by some: If it be anointed on the pustles, after they are opened with a needle, and cleansed from the matter, putting thereon a green leaf of the Elder, or one dried in the shadow. In an eating Herpes, having purged, sweat, and breathed a vein, this Cataplasm is commended, wherewith she-Montebanks have gained largely.  
Pound in an Earthen Vessel, with a wooden Pestle, the green leaves of the Elder, adding to them in the time of pounding a little Elder-vinegar, after that manner that women make sauces of the Watercress, Sorril, and such like: Mix with this pounded and succulent matter one part of the ashes of Elder-leaves, and two parts of the powder of the leaves, that it may become like a paste or thick Cataplasm. Add to it, that it may stick the better, a little Turpentine dissolved with the yeolk of an Egg; apply it twice a day to the ulcerous places, being first wiped with clean linen.  
Neither is this a mere new invention, for John de Vigo in the first part an 7th. book of his Chirurg. saith, That Elder-leaves pounded with Hellebore and Oximel Scillitick, doth cure Ringworms, Itches, and Scabs.    

CAP. XIX.  
Of the Erysipelas or Rose.  
IT is usual as soon as the Rose invadeth, to take those Medicines whereby nature is helped to thrust the matter from the inward to the outward parts: For which end the rob with the water-vinegar of the Elder-flowers are applied; for learned Physicians do acknowledge that this matter wanteth not its own malignity. Wierus useth this potion:  

Of the Water of Elder-flowers, three ounces,  
Of Parsley-seed, half a drachm,  
Of T. Sigillata, half a scruple. Mix them.   
There are some, that in all Erisipelas, even in that which followeth ofttimes the Scurvy, do swallow this bowl, and drink the water of Elder-flowers above it, to discuss the malignity by sweeting.  

Take of the Rob of the Elder, two drachmas,  
Of Mineral Bezoartick six grains, mix them.  
Or, take of the extract of Elder-Rob, two scruples,  
Of Sulphurat nitrate Antimony, half a scruple, mix them.   
But if the belly be bound, give the syrup made of the berries juice, which looseneth the belly, and resisteth malignancy.  
In more strong bodies, and where evil humours stick in the first passages, you may give a half, or whole drachm, according to the patient's strength, of the Polychrestick Powder of the buds.  
To temper the heat of the blood in the entrails, these things are set down in the cure of the hot fevers.  

Topics.  
The Topics here should not be cooling, repelling, or fat, which obstruct the pores of the skin, lest that sharp and malignant matter be thrust to more noble parts, or closed up in the diseased; whence oft times the part hath been gangrenat: For which cause the common people by all means avoid moistening of the part, & when any evil here ariseth, ascribed it to it, though not rightly; for all moistening is not to be avoided, but only that which is made of restringent, repellent, & things that obstruct the pores; but those which unlock the pores and digest the humours and consume them. Though they be liquid, they are so far from hurting that they greatly help.  
John de Vigo testifieth, that the Elder hath the virtue of resolving, drying and opening, by reason of the subtlety of its parts: wherefore these following made of it may be safely used.  
Shave the bark from the trunk, and apply it every day three times round about the part diseased of the Rose.  
Or, R. of white Soap ounce 1. dissolve it in lib. 3. of the water of the flowers of the Elder, apply it warm to the diseased part, and when it drieth renew it.  
Some dry them before, and apply them dry, that they may satisfy the people's desire, that much fear moisture in this disease. This is commended: 

Take of the water of Elder-flowers five ounces.  
Of Theriack of Andromache one drachm. Mix them.   Dip linen clothes in it, and wring them in your hand, and apply them warm to the place, and when they are dry dip them in the liquor and apply them.  
Or, R. The dried berries of the Elder ounce 1. the flowers of the same M. 1. Having pounded, cut them, boil them in lib. 2. of the simple-water, to the consumption of the third part. Add to the Colature ounces 3. of a thin Lixive; mix them: Dip a linen cloth in them, being warm, wring it a little and apply it to the part, as hath been shown.  
Taberna Montanus saith, he hath tried, that the Rose being anointed with the Rob of the Elder doth ease and discuss it.  
Lac Aureum, which is prepared of the Lixive and oil of the Elder well stirred together, till it acquire a milky colour, is commended much; chiefly here when the Rose inclines to ulceration and gangrenates: For by its drying and cleansing virtue, it hindereth further putrefaction and corruption; and by mixing the oil, it mitigateth the pain, and cureth the ulcer; apply it hot.  
Those that avoid all moisture, let them use clothes dipped oft in these liquors, and dried; or which is common, sprinkle upon the diseased part, small bran, mixed with the like quantity of the powder of Elder-flowers.   

Specificks.  
To prevent this disease, many wonderfully praise this following;  
R. Of new Elder-flowers, or in defect thereof, of those well dried, M. 1. of Milk of a red Cow, or at least with red spots; boil them in a close vessel, and upon a slow fire. Let him drink once, twice, or thrice, when the Moon waineth; or if they will, through every month in the year, of this colature in the morning; and they shall be afterward free of this disease. See Dr: Sennert. de febrib. lib. 2. cap. 16.  
Neither is this Medicine destitute of reason; for it is probable that the fluxibility and accrimony of the blood, being taken away by this Medicine, Nature is less afterward pricked by it; yea those malignant impressions stamped on the liver & reins, defiling the blood by their contagion, are altogether wiped off, by the frequent use of this specific Medicine.  
An Amulet made of the Elder, on which the Sun never shined, if the piece betwixt the two knots be hung about the patient's neck, is much commended; some cut it in little pieces, and sew it in a knot in piece of a man's shirt, which seems superstitious.  
I learned the certainty of this experiment first from a friend in Lipsick; who no sooner erred in diet, but he was seized on by this disease; yet after he used this Amulet, he protested he was free; yea that a woman to whom he lent it, was likewise delivered from this disease. Notwithstanding I leave the whole matter to other men's judgements, who may easily try it, seeing there is so many secret works in Nature, whose operation is evident; yet their causes are hid in such deeps of obscurity, that they cannot be searched out by the sharpest sight of men's reason.    

CAP. XXX.  
Of Inflammations, Oedema's, and Schirrouses.  

1. Of Inflammation.  
DIoscorides writeth, that the green and tender leaves, being applied with polent, mitigate Inflammations.  
The cakes of the flowers and leaves left after distillation, if it be wet with the oil of infused flowers, is applied fitly to an inflammation.  
Or, R. Of Elder-leaves M. 3. of Barley polent M. 1. boiled in simple water, to the consistency of a Poultice: Being put through a Serce, add of the oil of infused Elder-flowers ounces two; of the meal of the leaves and flowers of the Elder, of each enough. Make a Cataplasm, for it digesteth, resolveth, and if the Inflammation Apostemat ripeneth, the Aposteme being opened, cure it as an Ulcer. Of which afterwards.   

2. Of an Oedema.  
It's known by the cure of the Ascites how the Elder helpeth Oedematous tumours, chiefly in the feet. See there the fomentation for the feet made of the decoction of the leaves in a Lixive.  
But seeing these fomentations are tedious, it is enough to carry the green and dry leaves of the Elder in the stockings. A great Lawyer was delivered by the use of this simple Medicine, which he oft applied, at the desire of a worshipful Knight of Misnea.   

3. Of a Schirrus.  
The cure of a Schirrus is known by cure of the obstruction of a Schirrus Melt.  
There are some that say the leaves only of the Elder doth mollify and discuss Schirrus tumours by Signature; because it groweth in dark and shadowy places: For which reason in the 23 Chapter, we set down a Splenetic Cerecloth of them: Which may be fitly applied here, the tumours being anointed with this following.  
Take of the oil of Elder-flowers, ounce 1. of Amonick dissolved in Elder-Vinegar, drachms 2. boil it on a soft fire, to the consumption of the watrishness. Add white-Wax; and according to art, make an ointment.    

CAP. XXXI.  
Of Wounds, Ulcers, and Contusions.  
NO man that ponders well the rehearsed words of Dioscorides and Galen, will deny the Elders virtue to be great in these Diseases; especially in Wounds and Ulcers.  

The Cure of Wounds.  
The common people keep as a great secret in curing wounds, the leaves of the Elder, which they have gathered the last day of April; which, to disappoint the Charms of Witches, they had affixed to their doors and windows; but seeing the Elder-leaves of themselves are found efficacious enough to heal wounds, this superstitious opinion of the people is to be laughed at.   

A Vulnerary Balsam.  
To cure wounds safely and suddenly, take the green and tender Elder leaves; stamp them; and having put a little Wine on them, wring out the juice strongly. Take of this juice, being purified, as much as you will, add thereto in equal quantity, the oil of the infused flowers; boil it on a clear fire, still stirring it with a Spatula, till the wateriness be consumed; afterwards  

Take of oil so prepared, four or five ounces,  
Of it pressed out of the berries kernels, two ounces,  
Of clear Venice-Turpentine, three ounces,  
Of Verdigrease, three drachms.   
Being well mixed together on a slow fire with a Spittle, let them stand eight days in the Sun, or some other hot place, that the dregs may go to the bottom; from which separate the pure Balsam; which is to be applied hot to the wound with lintcotton, and the wound to be bound up with linen clothes; it doth imitate the virtue of the most precious Balsams; half an ounce of the Sugar of the Elder may be added.   

A Plaster of the Balsam.  
If you mollify wax with a sufficient quantity of this Balsam, and apply it according to art, it cureth wounds suddenly.   

To stop a great Hemmorage.  
Tragea Granorum Acts being mixed with an equal part of Jews-ears, is commended in stopping of blood.  
Or make this Powder;  

Take of Tragea Granorum Acts,  
Of dried Jews-ears, of each three drachmas,  
Of the white of an Egg dried in the Sun, two drachmas,  
Of the pith of the Elder,  
Of the purest Gum-tragant, of each one drachm.   
Pulverise subtly every one by itself, and afterwards mix them exactly.  
The Use. The blood being drank up of a sponge, and the wound being dried as much as is possible, put therein a sufficient quantity of the Powder; if it succeed not at first, dry the wound again with the sponge, and put in the Powder, and keep it in with torn pieces of cloth put thereafter.   

The Puncture of Nerves.  
In the Puncture and wounds of Nerves, the Learned Surgeon de Vigo in his seventh book, together with daily experience doth attest, that the oil of the infused flowers is much praised.  
The Oil of the Flowers of the second description; and the Balsam, or Plaster made of the Balsam, being put thereon, worketh effectually.   

The Cure of Ulcers.  
Dioscorides hath taught us, that the leaves of Elder do cure deep, perverse, and Fistulous Ulcers.   

An Uporist.  
Apply then here either the juice alone, put in, being nevertheless wrung out with a little Wine or Urine; and afterward lay upon it the pounded leaves like a Plaster; which is a Country-remedy.  
Or make this Liniament;  

Take of Elder vulnerary Balsam, one drachm,  
Of the Leaves of the Elder subtly pulverised, one drachm.  
Of Verdegrease, two scruples,  
Of Elder-salt, one scruple.   
Mix all together exactly for a Liniament; of which daily you are to put some in with Tents in impure and Fistulous ulcers, and a convenient Plaster above it. Injections and washings of deep and putrid ulcers, when need requireth, are to be made of the leave sand bark; which do excellently cleanse and hinder corruption. Apply them before you make a new binding, that the filth cleansed, and washed by the former Medicine, may be together with them washed out.  
In those Ulcers which cast out that icor, which Paracelsus calls Synovia; the Vulnerary Balsam chiefly availeth, being hot put in; seeing it drieth moderately, and keepeth the substance of the wounded part temperate. You may sprinkle afterwards above it the Powder of the dried Pith and Jews-ears, which are much praised by many.  
Gabel Shover hath this R. of Elder-Pith drachms two, of Orenge-Pills scruple half; mix them for a Powder, which are either to be sprinkled in, or to be taken with a fasting stomach in a morning.  
The same man taketh as many Elder-flowers as is needful; he fryeth them in butter and applieth them twice or thrice.  
Or, instead of a Vulnerary potion in these and other Ulcers over-flowed; he giveth daily a drachm, or a drachm and half of following powder in warm buttered Ale.  

Take of Elder pith three ounces,  
Of dried Jews-ears,  
Of prepared Oculi Cancrorum; of each two ounces,  
Of Orenge-pills,  
Of Citron Pills,  
Of Nutmegs, of each one scruple.   
Make a subtle Powder of all.  
In dilating of Wounds and Ulcers, and in keeping Issues open, the Pith of the Elder is convenient: For while that sponge-like substance drinks in the humours, it is dilated, and so distendeth the lips of the Wounds and Ulcers.   

The Cure of Contusions and Bruises.  
In Contused parts, the juice of Elder-leaves, pressed out with wine, and anoint on the place, or linen dipped therein and applied, doth discuss the black blood, and strengthens the part.  
Or take of the Meal of Elder-flowers, ounces two; of Camomile and Wormwood-flowers, of each half an ounce; mix them with Elder-oyle, and work them together, that they may become like a Cataplasm; which is to be applyeddaily to the contused part.  
To take away the marks and impressions, anoint them with oil of infused flowers.  
In intertrigoes, when the flesh, and not the skin, is infected, the unction of Plater or Matthiolus his Liniament, besprinkling it with the subtle Powder of Elder-leaves, is profitable.  
Or make this Magisterial Powder, which with great commodity is sprinkled on the emunctories of newborn babes, viz. behind their ears, in their armpits and groins:  

Take of Elder-leaves half an ounce,  
Of the flowers of the same,  
Of Red-Roses, of each two drach.   
Mix them for a Powder, which being sprinkled, consumeth the moisture, and drieth the place.    

CAP. XXXII.  
Of Burning and Congelation.  

Topics.  
DIoscorides, saith, That the green and tender leaves, being applied with Pollent, helpeth burning.  
These following are commended by Authors: first, the oil of infused flowers and bark: secondly, the oil of the leaves and bark fried in butter and oil; thirdly, the two liniaments of Matthiolus and Plater; the receipts of which are set down in the second Section in the second and fourth Chapters.  
The Uses. A member being burned with fire, gun Powder, boiling water, etc. is to be easily anointed with these warm, and afterwards to be wrapped in soft and warm linen: For each one of them hath the virtue of rarifying the skin, of drawing out hot vapours, mitigating pain, digesting and drying of serosity, and of curing the raised blabs in ulcers, and in restoring the diseased place, as much as is possible, to its wont beauty.  
If the burning pierce more deep, so that the blabs being broken, and the scar taken a way, it degenerateth into an ulcer; besides these oils and ointments, you must sprinkle easily and lightly every day, the powder of the leaves and pith; which doth excellently dry, and, by cleansing moderately, doth fill ulcers with flesh.  
In this case oils are more profitable than liniaments, as will be easily found by any that use them.  
This following unguent, as a singular experiment, is commended in all kinds of burning by the famous Don●relius, for easing pain, or quenching the force of the heat, and soon and safely curing the ulcers; also it is happily applied to Herpes Miliaris, and other out-breaking, which come from yellow bile, or salt humours.  

Take of the middle-bark of the Lynden-tree,  
Of the Elder, of each one handful,  
Of Linseed half an ounce.   
The barks are to be cut in small pieces, & infused together with the seed in a sufficient quantity of the water of Elder-flowers, for the space of three hours warm; then add half an ounce of sheep's dung; mix them, and boil them in a double vessel in May-butter unsalted, washed oft in fountain water, and at last in the water of Elder-flowers, till the humidity be perfectly consumed. Strain them: and add of yellow wax, as much as sufficeth; mix them: and according to art make an ointment. They are Donerelius his words.  
If the ulcer become more sordid, use the things in the precedent Chapter. Lac aureum drank up in Linen clothes, and applied, is profitable, of which we have spoken in the cure of Erysipelas.   

Internals.  
When many parts, or those situated next the nobler parts, are burned, and then the unnaturel heat spreadeth itself over the whole body, you are to use those things set down in the cure of the hot fever. Or make this Julap:  

Take of the water of Elder-flowers, half a pound▪  
Of the acetous syrup of the Elder, two ounces,  
Of Hearts-Horn burned and preparred, two scruples.   
Mix them for two doses: for it cooleth the heatned spirits, it extinguisheth the thirst, dissipateth the Empereum, and roborateth the strength.   

The Cure of Congelation or Brosting.  
Apply to the frosted parts, the middle bark of the Elder, or linen moistened in their decoction. When they clif; the powder of Elder-bark, pith, and flowers, reduced to a liniamenth with the oil of infused flowers, in commended, the parts therewith being anointed daily. Apply upon it linen moistened in the Golden Milk of the Elder, for it drieth and hindereth a Gangrene. See more in the cure of Ulcers.    

CAP. XXXIII.  
Of Poisons.  
Inflicted outwardly, or taken into the body.  
IN the stinging of venomous beasts, the green leaves of the Elder being applied, are praised, because they draw out the poison, and dry the wound.  
Dioscorides especially commends the same pounded leaves applied to the bite of a mad dog.  
George Amwald in his Panacea bids us dissolve Rob of the Elder in Vinegar and Wine, and rub therewith the stung or bitten place, and wash it therewith.  
In the stinging of Wasps and Bees anoint the place with the oil of the infused flowers▪ or with that which is pressed out of the kernels of the berries, and put a leaf thereon; it mitigateth the pain, and in a short time causeth the tumour to fall and vanish.  
To stop the poison of the Viper's bitings, besides these Topics, Dioscorides bids us boil the roots of Elder in Wine, and drink the Colature. He attributeth the same virtue to the berry drank in Wine.  
'Tis better to use the Wine of the berries, to take two drachmas of the Rob; or as many scruples of the extract in the water of Elder-flowers, and provoke sweat.  
In Philtrums, or those Potions wicked Whores use to give for love, or in other poisons taken inwardly nothing is better, then upon the suspicion immediately to cast all up by vomit, that is in the stomach.  
Give two ounces or three of the oil of the infused flowers or bark of the Elder in warm Ale, and accelerate vomit.  
Or, take an indifferent spoonful of the oil pressed out of the kernels; give it in warm Ale: For by this means all venom that is in the stomach, is happily excluded, and the corrosive acrimony of the poison is qualified; use it again, if it be needful.  
Which being done, provoke sweat, that that which sticketh in the veins (for the more malign the humour is, the more it penetrateth, and like ferment, infecteth the whole blood) must be evacuated by sweat.  
Those things which were brought for the Plague, are profitable here: Rob simple, and Antilemick, their extracts, etc. of which give as much as is convenient to the age and strength of the patient, dissolved in the distilled water of Elder-flowers, of other convenient liquor. And seeing seldom the force of the poison is daunted by once or twice; but rather under the subtle show of a servant, as being overcome, and obeying Nature's command, by secret mines lurketh and worketh to overthrow the strength of Nature, and overcome it by little and little. Therefore the use of these Alexitericks is not to be intermitted but to be continued, till all the poison and malign impressions that remain be extirpate out of the body. This mixture is profitable.  
Take of the Conserve of Elder-flowers, of the flowers of Borage, as much as you will; mix them. Give half an ounce thereof daily, an hour or two before dinner. Drink a spoonful of the juice of the berries above it.  
Give two drachmas every week of the Rob of the Elder, in the water of Elder-flowers, and provoke sweat in bed, or bathe. After the sweat, the heat to be tempered with a spoonful or two of the sour syrup of the Elder.  
This experiment is praised by many; Take of the middle Elder-bark, subtly shaved, and dry it lightly in the shadow, a little more than a handful; put on it three quarters of a pound of Goat's milk, boil it on a soft fire till the half be consumed; of whose Colature drink morning and evening.  
They say that this doth absolutely out-rout all poison given by whores and knaves, though it were given three years before. If it do not succeed at first, the patient is to use it often; and by divine assistance he shall obtain the wished event.    

The Conclusion.  
THese things, Courteous and kind Reader, I thought fit to set down of the Elder, and the use thereof, and Medicines. Those Dishes which may be prepared of the flowers and berries, at that time, when they are to be had in great abundance green: for the preventing of many diseases; seeing they are well known to Cooks by daily experience. To what diseases they agree, is known by what is said. If there occur any thing here which doth not please you, it is your part favourably to construct it, and to withhold the censure, till you try all things more exactly in the infallible balance of reason and experience.  

I leave, for praise▪ nor crave;  
For praise enough I have;  
If not contemned by thee,  
Courteous Reader, I be.   
If those things that are omitted, obscure, or not rightly delivered, be by thy more polished judgement added, illustrated and corrected, thou shalt deserve infinite favours from me, and all those honourers of Medicine and Nature: For nothing can be more happy then to know much; and we are to learn, that we way know. Neither at any time was there any of such qualified reason, but things, age, and use will afford-him some new objects, some new observations: So that what thou thoughtst thou knewst, thou unknowst; and despisest that upon thy trial, which thou didst most trust. For there was never any thing more unrighteous than an unjust man, which holds and believes nothing right, but what he fathers.  
Farewell, and what ere thou art, favour these endeavours; and together with me in this wonderful and unexhaustible variety of things, devoutly admire, and piously worship, the unsearchable depths of Divine Wisdom and Goodness.   
FINIS.