A DESCRIPTION Of the Five ORDERS of columns and terms OF ARCHITECTURE: According to the ancient Use and best Rules of the most eminent Italian Architects, viz. The Tuscan, doric, Ionick, Corinthian and Composite. Engraving of an assortment of architectural tools and drawing instruments, including a pair of calipers and a plumb rule. Drawn and Described( with great Care and Diligence) after the right Symmetry and Measure of Free Masons By HANS bloom. For the Use and Benefit of Free Masons, Carpenters, joiners, Carvers, Painters, Bricklayers; In general, for all that are Concerned in the famous Art of Building. 〈…〉 LONDON 〈…〉 An Alphabetical Table of the several difficult Words Explained. A A Stragulus a bottle and fillet in any part of the pillar. Abacus, the top of Ionicka, or Corinthian head. Annuli, or Apohiges, when three fillets come together, one under another. B Basis, all the moulding or foot of the pedestal. C Cimatium, that which some call in English an O. G. Canolicoli, are the Flutes in Trigliphi. Cornonix, all the moulding standing over the square of the Pedestal. Corona, a broad plinth in the cornish between two Cimatium. Contractura, the breaking of the pillar. Caulis, the cods out of which the Helices grow in the Corinthian head. Deuticuli, a broad plinth in the cornish cut with dents. E Echinus, a bottle cut with edges. Epistilium, the Architrave. F Facia, a broad fillet whereof there are three in the Architrave. G Gutta, are drops sometime round, sometime in Triangle fashion. H Hipòtrachelium, the nack of the Capital. Helices, are the scrolls in the Corinthian head, being in number 8. I Icnographia, is the ground plate. L Licis, or Sima, the Cimatium turned upward. M Mutils, that which we commonly call in English a Cartouse. Modulus, half the thickness of the Pillar. P Plinthus, commonly called in English a plinth. Projectura, the sail of every moulding. R Regula, any small fillet. S Scapus, the body of the Pillar. Spira, the base of the Pillar. Stilobata, the Pedestal. Scotia a hollow casement. Supercilium, a small fillet in the top of the cornish. Semicanolicola, half Flutes on each side Trigliphi. Stria, the flat lying between the Flutes. T Torus, any bottle. Trigliphi, a kind of ornament in the frise. Trochilus, the same with Scotia. Tenia, the top of the Pillar. Trebeatio, the highest top of the Cornish. V Voluta, the Ionick scroul. Z Zophorus, the frise. FINIS. Tuscan. diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in the Tuscan style. The whole height of this Pillar divide in 9 parts, give 2 of those parts to Stilobata with Basis and vpper Cimatium divide the 2 parts into 6, as you may see on the right side of Stilobata, 1 of the 6 parts is for Basis Cimatium, 1 other to Stilobata Cimatium, divided into 6 parts, the 4 remaining maketh the square of the great base, crossed with 2 diagonal lines: In this great square is made a circled, and observe: where the circled crosseth the diagonal lines, there make another Squave: in which square thou must make another circled, whose circumference must touch the side of the said sqvare, being the thickness of Scapi Cimatium, the space between the 2 squares, is to be for the standing forth of the fore Scapi Cimatium; the last Square sqoken of, divide into 8 parts give 6 of those parts to another circled, which is the bigness of Scapi at Tenia or top of the Pillar, the great square Basis at Cimativm; divide into 7. parts, give 1 to the Proiectura of Basis Cimatium, as appears on the left side, which also maketh the height of Cimatium aforesaid on the right side in 2 equal parts; 1 of these 2 divide in 4 give the last of the 4. to Regula Basis; the first of the 4. divide in 2. one of these parts is for the Small Regula under Sima or Lisis, then Sima itself will be made in a true Square, Stilobata Cimatium divide in 4 parts, one whereof give Sima, 2 other to Plinthus, the last fourth part divide in to 3, give 2 for Astragulus. the other 2 are for Regula, Scapi Cimatium, standing vpon Stilobata, whose height is one Modulus of the Pillar, divide in 2 parts, as appeareth on the right side of Scapi Cimatium, one of which parts is for Plinthus, the other divide in 3. give Torus 2 and 1 to Regula, The height of Scapus is 6 times the thickness of the Pillar with his Scapi Cimatium and capital, as you may see on the right side; the capital must be the same Modulus as is Scapi-Cimatium, which Modulus divide in 3 parts, give 1 to Abacus, another to Echinus, whose fourth part maketh Regula under Echinus: the last third part is for Hypotrachelium: which part of Hypotrachelyum divide in 2, observe the mark x one of these parts give Tenia, that part of Thaideuide in 3. give 2 to Astragulus, the third to Regula, one 8 part of the thickness of Scapus must be the Proiectura of the capital and Tenia must be made in a true square, diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in the Tuscan style. Epistilium vpon the capital, is the same Modulus, which divide in 6 parts as appears on the right side, give 1 part to Sima being made true square, now for the left side, divide that 1 part of Sima into 3. give 1 to Regula above Sima. the 2 for the Cornish, the other 5 divide in 9 give 5 parts to the vp̄er Facia, and 4 to the lower Facia, Zophorus standeth vpon Epistilium, and is of the same height, The great Trabeatio standeth Vpon Zophorus of the same height also, So that from the top of the capital to the highest part of Trabeatio is 3 even parts, such as is Scapi Cimatium, and his Proiectura must be as much as one of those parts, Trabeatio divide in 4 parts, the first of those divide in 3 parts, give 1 to Regula and 2 to Sima; give 2 other of those parts to Corona: and the last 4 parts divide again into 4, give 3 to Torus, and one to Regula as appeareth on the right side, Corona which containeth 2 parts in height, & of the same Proiectura divide into eleven, give, Regula 2, and 1 to Canaticulus, as appeareth on the lest side 3 of these may bee for the breadth and 3 such parts for the depth, the Contractura of Scapus you may make after this manner, divide the pillar into 6 parts, between Tenia and Scapi Cimatium, vpon the second lower part, which is the third part of his height; make a circled to the outward part of Scapus, and observe where the circled crosseth the pricked line of one eight part of Scapus divide in 4 parts vpon the side of the said circled, and drawing lines strait from side to side of the said circled the lines are brought up to Tenia for his Entasis, This description of Tuscana hath the just proportion in all parts which the Romans and Venetians use ▪ doric diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in the Doric style. The whole height of this Pillar divide in 8 parts as you may see on the left side; give 2 of those parts for the height of Stilobata, those 2 parts divide in 3 other parts, as appears on the right side of Stilobata; 1 of those parts is for the thickness of Scapus, and 7 such parts shall be the height of the said pillar with Scapi Cimatiam and capital, & and so Scapus with Stilobata consisteth of 10, even parts, the thickness of Scapus divide in 4 parts, marked with a ✚, 2 of these being ioy ▪ with Stilobata maketh the breadth of 6. even parts 2 such other joined to Stilobata, maketh the whole breadth 8 parts The height of Stilobata on the left side, divide in 7 parts, give 1 to the vpper Cimatium, another to Basis Cimatium of the other 5 parts, a square being made in the breadth of Stilobata, deuid Basis Cimatium on the right side in 2 parts, give 1 to Plinthus; divide the other in 3 parts, give Torus 2 and 1 to Regula, Basis Cimatium on the left side divide in 2 parts, give 1 to Plinthus, the other divide in 2 parts, give 1 to the lower Torus; divide the other in 3 parts, give 2 to the vpper Torus and 1 to Regula, the Proiectura may be made squa; the Proiectura of both the Cimatium Containeth the 6th part of the breadth of Stilobata, Stilobata Cimatium on the right side, divide in 5 parts, give 1 to Astragulus, 2 for Lisis, the other 2 to Plinthus, Stilobata Cimativm on the left side divide in 4 parts, whereof 1, is for Astragulus, 2 for Lisis the last for Plinthus, Scapi Cimatium standing vpon Stilobata being one Modulus, deuid it in 3 parts, give one to Plinthus, the 2 other divide in 4 parts, give 1 to the higher Torus, divide the 3 parts in 2, give 1 to the lower Torus, the other divide in 7, one is for the lower Regula, another for the higher Regula, the 5 remaining give troChilus the Regula of Scapus is made of the 28 part thereof, his Proiectura is square the Contractura of Scapus is spoken of in the tuscan, the capital standing on the top of Scapus, being the same Modulus of Scapi Cimatium on the left side, divide in 3 parts, give 1 to Zophorus, 2 to Echinus, the third to Quadra, the half to Zophorus, give Tenia, or top of Scapus; the lower 3 parts of Echinus shall be for Anulus In like manner the third part of Quadra give Sima & Regula, so that every Proiectura may show itself, Epistilium standing vpon the capital being the same Modulus, divde in 7 parts on the left side give 1 to Tenia, and is fitting ever as much as the Contractura of Scapus, diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in the Doric style. Zophorus standing vpon Epistilium, containeth of 3 such parts as Epistilium hath 2 one of those 3 parts of Zophorus divide in 3. give 1 of those to Regula above the Trigliphus, which may be made after this manner, divide the height from Epistilum to the higher Regula afore said in 3 parts; 2 of those parts shall be the breadth of Trigliphus, divide 1 of these in 6 give 1 to Facia 2 to plinthus, 2 to Simicanolicola, the thickness is expressed in the figure marked with 0 / x under Trigliphus, there are 6 Gutta, the breadth of these being the sixth part of Epistilium; the Regula from whence they hang, is the 4th part of one Gutta Coronix standing vpon Zophorus, is the same height of Epistilium, which divide in 2 parts ▪ divide 1 of those in 4 give 1 to the lower Sima, 2 to Coronia, the last 4 part to the Sima above Coronix the other of those parts give the great Sima, which divide in 7 give 1 to Regula above Sima, the measures on the right side from the top of the capital to the highest part of Trabeationes, may be thus dispatched divide Epistilium in 3 parts, 4 such parts give Zophorus also 4 to Coronix, so that Epistilium Zophorus and Coronix contains of 11 parts, Zophorus divide in 10 parts, give 1 to Regula above the Trigliphus, the height of Coronix divide in 9 parts, give 2 to the two Facia, one to Echinus, 2 to Mutili, 2 to Corona, and 2 to Sima, the Mutili divide in 3 parts, give 1 to the small Sima above Mutili, also 1 to Sima above Corona the 2 lower parts given to Facia divide in 6, give 2 to the lower Facia, and 3 to the vpper Facia ▪ the last to Regula under Echinus, Mutiliis made after this manner, divide Echinus in 6 parts from the middle of the column to the outward part of the capital, give 2 of those parts to Mutilus, and 3 such parts between e the Mutilus. all the other parts be made square if you would round the column to make 24 Canalicolis you must make them in that manner set down in the Icnographia, Ionick the 1 diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in an Ionic style. The height of this pillar divide in 7 parts, as appears on the left side divide one of those parts in 22, which is the breadth of the lower Plinthus, give 16 of those parts to the thickness of Scapus, the other six for the Proiectura of Basis Cimatium, 3 parts on either side, The height of Scapus, with his Cimatium and capital, contains 8 Diameters, a s you may observe on the right side, Basis being a Modulus of Scapus, divide in 3 parts, give 1 of those parts to Plinthus the other 12 parts divide in 7, give 3 of those to the vpper Torus, the 4 remaining divide in 8, give 2 of those parts to the double Astragulus in the middle, half 1. of those parts for Regula, and the rest to Trochilus, as appeareth on the right side, marked with 3, The Regula of the pillar being put to Torus, is the 24 part of Scapus, and the Contractura of Scapus is the 12 part, as in the ground plate of Simatium is set down, The capital you may see moore at large here after, the Contractura of Scapus is made in this manner; divide the pillar from Basis Cimatium unto Tenia in 6 parts whereof 2 makes the third part where you begin Contractura; vpon the which line make a half circled, and observe where that circled cutteth the 12 part of Scapus divide above the bow thereof within that twelve part in four drawing lines from side to side of the said circled as appeareth; these lines being made for Contractura, and drawn to every of these parts before divided, this Pillar is broken perfectly, Epistilium standing vpon the capital, being the same Modulus of Scapus Cimatium, divide in 7 parts; give 1 part to Sima, whose third part maketh Regula above Sima. the six remaining divide in 12, give 5 of those parts to the higher Facia, give 4 to the middle Facia, the 3 last to the lower Facia, as appears in the figure marked with a ✚, diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in an Ionic style. Zophorus standing vpon Epistilium of the same Modulus, divide in 10 parts give 1 to Sima under Dentilium, and 3 parts to Regula above Sima, being divided on the right side, Denticuly is of the same height of the middle Facia, marked with a ✚, and his Proiectura as much, which divide in six parts appearing in the Quadrangle, give 3 unto his breadth, the other 2 makes Denticuly: which Denticuly divide in 6, give 1 of those to Sima, and his 3 parts maketh Regula above Sima Corona of the same height marked with the ✚, and his third part for Sim, Coronix being the highest part of the column of the same measure marked with a ✚, divide in 8 parts, give 1 part to Regula above Sima, the other 7 for Sima; if you please to garnish the Pillar with Canaliculus, diude the Circumference into 24 parts, the fift of one such part maketh Stria and the other 4 Canaliculus, This is the just measure and proportion of this Pillar, which the most excellent Architecture, Marcus Vitruvius used at Rome and Corinth. Ionick the 2. diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in an Ionic style. The Ionick made with Stilobata, divide the whole height into 14 parts, as you may see on the left side, of 3 parts make Stilobata, divide those 3 parts in to 8 as appears on the right side, give one part to the lower Cimativm, and 1 part to the higher Cimativm of Stilobata, the 6 parts remaining are for the height of Stilobata, and 4 for his breadth the second Cimatium on the right side is made after this manner: Basis Cimativm divide in 3 parts, give 1 of those parts to Plinthus, 1 other to Sima: which divide in 6 parts, give Regula under Sima one of those parts, Regvla above Cima another part, the other 3 part divide in 2. give 1 of those parts to Torus, the 2 to trochilus: the third part of Torus maketh the Regvla under him; their Proiectura being the sixth part Stilobata, Stilobata Cimatium on the right side divide in 2 parts; the second divide in 3 parts, give 2 of those parts to Facia, and the third maketh Sima, the 3 part of Sima maketh Regula above Sima; the first part divide in 4 give 1 to Regvla under the lower Sima; the other 3 divide in 6 parts, give 1 to Regula under Facia the rest give Sima whose Proiectu is like Basis Cimatium on, the left side, divide in three parts, give 1 to Plinthus. the other 2 divide in 5. give 3 to Sima, and 2 for Torrus, the lower 6th part of Sima maketh Regula, and the higher third part of Torus is Regula, whose Proiectura and also Stilobata Cimativm, is on the left side as afore said, Scapi Cimatium, divide the breadth of Stilobata in 22 parts, 16 of those parts githe thickness of Scapus; the 6 other parts give for the Proiectura of Scapi Cimatiu m, being 3 on each side; and give 8 of those parts for the whole height of Scapi Cimativm. which 8 divide in 3, give 1 part to Plinthus ▪ and the 2 remaining, divide in 3 give the last 3d part to Torus, divide the other 2 parts into 12 give 2 of those parts to the middle Astragulus, and 1 to Regvla under Torus, and half one of those parts makes Regula above Astragulus; the Regula under Astragulus containeth 1 part, the Regula above Plinthus half a part: the rest for the 2. Trochilus appearing by the letter H. diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in an Ionic style. The Contractura of Scapus, is shewed in the first Ionick, and the capital, you may see finished in the great capital here after, whose height contains 8 Diameters ▪ as appears on the right side, Epistilium, Zophorus & Coronix standing vpon the capital, whose height is 2 Diameters, of the 8 aforesaid; so the pillar with all his ornaments containeth of 10 Diameters, divide those 2 Diameters into 10 parts, as you may see on the right side, give 3 to Epistilium, 3 to Zophorus, and the other 4 to the great Trabeationes, Those 3 parts given Epistilium divide in 6, give 1 part to Sima, whose third part give Regvla above Sima: the other 5 parts divide in 12 give 3 to the lower Facia give 4 to the middle Facia & 5 to the third Facia; Zophorus as aforesaid, and is Eutasis taken from the triangle, as you may see in the figure: Coronix consisteth of 4 parts, divided in 6 give the first to Denticulus, whose 4th part maketh Sima under Denticulus, the second give Echinus whose 4 part maketh Regula ynder Echinus, & 2 parts for Mutili, whose fift part maketh Sima above Mutili, being so high as the breadth: give 1 of those parts to Corona, whose 3 part maketh Sima above Corona the last 6th part give the higher Sima, whose 6th part maketh Regula; the Proiectura of Coronix is equal to his height, The measures on the left side, for the great Trabeationes are thus divided; the 4 parts of Coronix afore said, divide in a. 11 parts, give 1. to Sima, whose third part maketh Regula above him; give 3 parts to Denticuly & Echinus the 4th part of Denticuly, give Regula under Echinus; and the 7 part of Echinus makes the Regula under Mutili; give 3 of those parts to Mutili, and 2 for Corona, the last 2 give the higher Sima, which 2 parts divide in 6 give 1 to Astragulus, 3 to Sima, the 2 last to Abacus; the Proiectura of the Mutili is twice his height, whose 5 part maketh Sima over himself & may be made hollow as you may see in the figure Scapus is garnished with 24 Corinthian the 1. diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in a Corinthian style. The whole height of this Pillar divide in 8 parts, the fift part of the vpper 8 part being taken away, all the measures may be seen in the figure on the left side, the first 8th part marked with the letters A.B. give for the breadth of Plinthus; which divide in 22 parts, whereof give 16 of those parts to the thickness of Scapus, and 8 of those parts for the Modulus of Basis Cimatium, the rest allow for the Proiectura which is 3 of them parts on each side, as appeareth, the Basis Cimatium, with Scapus & his capital, must be 9 Diameters in height, as you may see in the figure on the left side, the Basis Cimatium being a Modulus of Scapus. divide in 4 parts give the first part to plinthus; the 3 parts divide in 5, give 3 of those parts to the higher Torus, but the lower Torus is one fourth part more of the 5 higher then the Vp̄er Torus, the space between the two Torus, divide in 12, give 2 of those parts to the two Astrgulus, in the middle, the 3 part of one 12 part makes Regula under the higher Torus, and one half part, give Regula above Astragulus, and the Regula under Astragulus is equal to the square, but Regula above the lower Torus is the 2 third parts of one 12 part, the rest remaining maketh the Vpper and lower Trochilus, but Regula above the higher Torus ▪ is made of the 24. part of Scapus and the 12 part is for the Contractura of Scapus the Proiectura of these divisions is marked with the letter R, The capital placed on the top of Scapus, being one Diameter in hight, the said Diameter divide in 7, give one of those parts to Abacus his Proiectura being to the base, the ground plot of the capital, the manner of his leaves & Voluta, you may see in the great capital following, in the end of Scapus, Tenia hath the 12 part of his height & Proiectura, his third part give to his Regula, the Contractura of this Pillar is made after the first Ionick. but his Canaliculus in the maner of the last Ionick; the first third part are filled with Baculus, as appears in the figure, Epistilium standing vpon the capital, being one Modulus in height, whose 7 part give to Sima; divide that 7 into 3, give 1, to Regula; 2 to Sima; divide the the other 6 parts into 12, whereof give 3 to the lower Facia, 4 to the middle Facia, and 5 to the vpper Facia, the 8 part of the vpper Facia maketh Astragulus under Facia, also the 8 part of mid Facia maketh Astragulus under himself as you may see in the figure marked With ✚; Zophorus followeth the height of Epistilium, being divided in 4 parts, 5 such parts is the height of the same Zophorus, which divide in 8 parts above Zophorus, give one such part to Sima. whose third part maketh Regula above Sima, Denticulus being of the same measure as the middle Facia marked with a ✚ his 7 part maketh Regula above Denticulus, and his Proiectura being square there manner of opening is shewed in the Ionick, diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in a Corinthian style. Echinus vpon Denticulus whose measure is the same of the lower Facia mark-with the letter O, the Corona vpon Echi being the same measure of the middle Facia divide into 3 parts, give one to Sima whose third part maketh his Regula above Sima; the great Sima of Trabeationes equal to the middle Facia, marked with a ✚, divide into 8, give 1 of those parts to Regula above Sima, his Proiectura being square. This is the just measure of this Pillar, Which the ancient Architects used at Corinthia, at Rome, at Venice and other places, There are other Capitalls, which are put to these Collumnes of divers sorts, which do take beginning from Corinthia jonica, and Dorica, Corinthian the second manner With Stilobata, diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in a Corinthian style. The proportion of this column is like unto the former but it seemeth stronger & makes a fairer show, the whole height must bee divided into 9 parts as they appear on the left side give two parts to Stilobata, those 2 divide into 9. as you may observe them on the left side of Stilobata Cimatium. the other 7 parts divide into 5 give 3 for the breadth of Stilobata. which breadth divide into 6 parts give 4 of them parts for the Diameter of Scapus. the 2 other parts are for the proiectur or standing forth: and 2 such parts give for the proiectura of Stilobata Cimatium or standing soot of the same. one of the 9 parts aforesaid give to Basis Cimatium, which divide into 5 give 2 of the said parts to Plinthus, the remainder divide into 4, give 1 part to the lower Torus, 2 other to Cima, of his 5th part make Regula above Torus the last to Astrgulus, which 3d part makes Regula the Proiectura is as aforesaid, in the right side you may see, The Stilobata Cimatium divide into 2 parts. the first for Facia with Sima being his third part, likewise the 3d part of Sima maketh Regula, the other part divide into 4, give 1 to the lower Sima. the other 3 divide in 2, give 1 part to Echinus, the other to Facia, whose fourth part makes Regula under Echinus, his Proiectura, being the same as Stilobata, observe the figure, Scapus with his Scapi Cimatium and capital. being 9 Diameters in height shewed on the left side. one model of those allow for Scapi Cimatium. whose measure is shewed in the first Corinthian pillar marked. R. The Contractura of the pillar and the and the measure of Tenia hath been afore taught. The capital is described at large in the great capital following. diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in a Corinthian style. The Pillar may haue Baculus, as the former Corinthian; or Ionick with Canaticulus, Epistilium, Zophorus, and Coronix, placed on the top of the capital, being the fourth part of the height of Scapus shewed on the right side. divide the said part into 10, give 3 to Epistilium; whose measure is before receited in the first Corinthian: other 3 parts to Zophorus, the 4. to Coronix: which 4. divide into 9 give 1 part to Sima above Zophorus. 2 to Echinus. 2 makes Mutili. 2 for Corona. and 2 for the vper Sima: divide Echinus into 7 parts give 2 to both Regulas. the fourth. part of Mutili. maketh the lesser Sima over the same and the fourth part of the highest Sima maketh the small Sima above Corona, also the sixth part of the greatest Sima, maketh the Vpper Regula, the Prolectura of Coronix may be square. the Mutili must be as broad as they are in height and as much distance as they hang over, divide Coronix into 5 parts on the left side, give 1 part to Echinvs his third part maketh Regula under Echinus; 2 is for the Mutili, 1 for Corona, and 1 for Sima. divide the Mutili into 8 parts, give 1 of those parts to the one part of Corona; whose third part maketh Sima over Corona. The Facia of the Mutili shall bee square in height breadth and thickness. the distance must be so much that the square of Corona may stand between, the sixth part of the great Sima maketh Regula, the Proiectura is afore shewed This Corinthian order hath just measure, it was found at Rome in the Temple called Maria Rotunda, or Panthon, Composite. diagram illustrating an architectural pillar in the Composite style. This Pillar is Comprehended of all the rest; and the best of ther ornaments, His height divide into 13 parts as you may obseru on the right side, give 3 to Stilobata, divide those 3 parts in to 10: one for Basis Cimatium and 1 for Stilobata Cimativm, give 4 other of those parts to the breadth of Stilobata the sixth part thereof is for the Proiectura of the Basis, and 4 such parts for thickness of Scapus, whose proiectura is equal to Stilobata, being of the whole 6 parts: basis Cimatium deuid into 7 parts. give 2 unto Plinthus, 2 to Torus, and 2 unto Sima; which 2 parts divide into 6. give 1 to Regula over Sima, and 1 to Regula beneath Sima, one of the 7 parts give Trochilus and the last 7th part give Astragulus, whose third part maketh Regula beneath Astragulus; but the vpper Regula of Stilobata, must haue half the breadth of Astragulus: Stilobata Cimatium, divide into 5, give 1 to Astragulus, whose third part maketh Regula: two maketh Hypotrachelium, which 2 divide into 4, one maketh Regula above the said Hypotrachelivm. 2 maketh Corona: divide those 2 into 3. give 1 for Sima, whose third par maketh his Regula. The left side of Stilobata Cimatium. divide in 7 parts. give 1 to Astragulus, whose third part maketh Regula; 2 maketh HyPotrachelium, one maketh Echinus. and his third part maketh Regula beneath him, 2 parts to Corona, the last part to Sima, whose third part makes above him, The Proiectura of every one must be square like Scapus standing on Stilobata, whose Diameter afore said, his height with Scapi Cimatium, and capital are 10 Diameters as appears on the right side; the Contractua of Scapus being the twelfth parts of the same: The capital and Tenia are to be of the same measures as the Corinthian, or Ionick, The Canaliculus or Baculus may bee done in Scapus as the former Pillar sheweth the same Diameter as is under Tenia. Epistilivm being the height, his parts & manner of making you may see in the former Corinthian or on the left side of Zophorus with his Mutili doth follow Epistilium being of the same Diameter. which divide into 6 parts, give one part to Sima, whose third part maketh Regula above Sima, the Mutili is square, and are made hollow as appears in the figure. and the space between the sqvare as you may see on the right side, Coronix of the same Diameter devid into 2 parts on the right side, give 1 part to Corona, the other part divide into 6. give 1 to Echinus, 3 maketh Sima, the other 2 make Abacus: every part of the Coronix must be square, the measure on the Ieft side divide in two. the fifth part of those 2 divide into 4, give 3. of those parts to Corona, and 1 to Sima over Corona. whose third part makes Regula above himself, the other second part divide into 7 whereof give 6 to great Sima, and one other part to the vpper Regula, and every part made squar. for to make Sima, observe the figures marked with the letters A. B. C. This sort of column is in the Amphithiater at Rome diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in the Composite style. The maner and making of the Corinthian capital. diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in the Corinthian style. The base of Scapus being made with Tenia, as it was set down in the first Corinthian order, the capital one diametr in his height: which height divide into 7 parts, give one part to Abacus, with the flower marked with the letter D, the third part thereof give Torus, and the Proiectura thereof is equal to the outward part of Basis Stilobata: but Facia under Abacus is half of that 7th part aforesaid, and doth hang over equal with Regula above the lower Torus of the base. The middle Voluta hath a circled, or rolling about of one part, but the corner turning hath 2 parts. how to make the leaves and Voluta, is set down in the figure: the line brought from Abacus to Tenia, doth show the Proiectura of Helicis or leaves. In the ground plot of the capital, you shall make a circled on the top, of the bigness of the Pillar at Tenia: without that circled make another equal to Scapus at the base: and to that circled make a square, and to that make another circled hanging over to the Regula above the lower Torus aforesaid. to that circled make a square also. which must be the square of the capital. cutting over the square from corner to corner two diagonal lines. marked with the letter A. Abacus at the corners may hang over, to the outward square of the base, and the lesser rowles as much as you may see in the figure with pricked lines, in the compassing of Abacus set the foot of your compass in the breadth of the outward square: and make a triangle, which shall cut the circled in as great space as the flower is square: as you may see finished in the figure. How to set the Collumnes one above another, By the council of all Architects, which haue had diuers and sundry ways for the same, haue fully agreed and brought to perfection these orders called. Tuscan, doric, Ionick, Corinthian, and Composite, standing one above the other, and every one to bee shorter by the fourth part in height and breadth, and there be distributed as in the Ichnographia before taught, The maner of making the Ionick capital, diagram engraved on copper illustrating an architectural pillar in the Ionic style. Stilobata Cimatium being made as before taught, Scapus being diminished the 6th part of his thickness, half the breadth of the lower Scapus, divide into 9, as they appear by the figures on the top of the capital: divide one of the 9 parts in 2, give one half part to Abacus, for his breadth and proiectura: give Sima one of the 9 parts, whose proiectvra is as much: from that part of Sima begin, and set down the 9 parts as: they were on the top of the capital, in order as they appear on the right side: Sima having one of them, Trochilus 2, and Echinus 2: the sixth part divide in 4 parts one of those is for Regula above Astragulus, one other part for Regua under Astragulus: the other 2 parts make Astragulus itself, the last 3 parts give for the Modulus of Voluta, The Proiectura of Voluta being equal with the outward part of Scapi Cimatium, or base of the Pillar: being rolled or compassed about in this manner: in the middle of Voluta make a little round compass, the bigness of one of the 9 parts afore said: that circled divide into 6 parts, and let fall a perpendicular line through the middle of the said circled: then set the foot of your compass in the place where the figue 1. standeth, and turn a circled 〈◇〉 until it doth reach the perpendicular line, remove the foot of your compass again to the figure 2, making that your Center, and the other foot where you left, and turn another half circled, which shall stay at the place, touching your perpendicular line: thus removing the foot of your compass to the place where the figures stand before your Centers, you shall bring about half Circles, until you haue finished your Voluta scroll, appearing in the figure marked with 7 Centers, which Voluta being so made, Echinus with Astragalus may bee made square as you may see in the figure marked with H, the edges of Echinus haue roundness of the half circled, and divide in 6 parts as the figure sheweth: there is added to Hypotrachelium 4 such parts as be in the 9, so that the whole height of the capital is 13 parts and a half, and being in●… 〈…〉 TUSCANA 1 diagram and illustration engraved on copper of an architectural pillar in the Tuscan style. DORICA 2 diagram and illustration engraved on copper of an architectural pillar in the Doric style. jonica 3 diagram and illustration engraved on copper of an architectural pillar in the Ionic style. CORINTHIA 4 diagram and illustration engraved on copper of an architectural pillar in the Corinthian style. COMPOSITA 5 diagram and illustration engraved on copper of an architectural pillar in the Composite style. illustration engraved on copper of four different architectural pillars.