THE boat swains Art, OR, The complete Boat swain. Wherein is showed a true proportion for the Masting, Yarding, and Rigging of any Ship, whose Length, Breadth, and Depth is known: with Rules for the sizes, and lengths, of all sorts of Rigging that belongs to any Ship. Also the use of an opening scale, that if the length of the main Mast be put upon it with a pair of Compasses, you may measure upon the scale, the lengths and thickness of all the other Masts and Yards; and also the sizes, the lengths, and the number of fathoms of every size, for the Rigging of any Ship, without altering the scale. By Henry Bond, teacher of Navigation, Surveighing, and other parts of the mathematics, in the bulwark near the Tower. The scale is made in brass by Thomas flower at the dial in the bulwark: and in Wood by Robert Bissaker at Ratcliff over against the Red lion tavern. Printed at London by Richard Cotes, for William Lugger, and are to be sold at his shop at the postern Gate near the Tower. 1642. To the Reader. COurteous and judicious Reader, thou hast here presented to thee, an exact method and direction, for the Masting, Yarding, and Rigging of any Ship whatsoever: All that is expected from thee, is but thy acceptance, and a Charitable censure; both which out of doubt thou wilt freely grant: the main end that is intended in it, is for the help and direction of young men, that are willing to have some ground, for what they shall undertake in this kind, and not to go on hand over head. If any shall reap any benefit by it (as out of doubt many will) the Author hath his desire. Vale. A Table of the lengths and thickness of the masts and Yards of a Ship that is 75. foot by the keel 29 ½ foot at the beam, and 13. foot in Hold, which is of the burden of 300. Tun. length in feet Thickness in inches The spritsail topsail Yard 14 4 The fore Topgallant Yard, and the spritsail Topmast 16 5 The main Topgallant Yard 18 6 The fore Topgallant Mast 19 6 The mizzen topsail Yard 20 6 The main Topgallant Mast 21 7 The mizzen Topmast 27 8 The fore topsail Yard 31 9 The main topsail yard, 11 inches, & cross jeck yard 36 7 ½ The fore Topmast 37 13 The main Topmast 42 14 The spritsail Yard 50 16 The mizzen Mast 52 17 The mizzen Yard 51 16 The fore Yard 62 20 The Bousprite 66 22 The main Yard 74 24 The fore Mast 75 25 The main Mast 84 28 A Table of the names, the sizes, the number, and the lengths, of each Rope of Rigging, belonging to the fore propounded Ship. 1. Cordidge of one Inch and 1/10 parts. Fa. Fa. 2 Fore Topgallant Braces 25 50 4 Fore Topgallant Bowling Bridles 4 4 2 Fore Topgallant Lifts 22 44 8 Main Topgallant lanyards 1 ½ 12 4 Main Topgallant Bowling Bridles 1 4 1 Main flag-staff stay 11 11 8 mizzen Topmast lanyards 1 ½ 12 1 Fall of the mizzen topsail cranline 36 36 2 mizzen topsail Bowlings 12 ½ 25 2 mizzen topsail Braces 17 34 34 232 2. Cordidge of one Inch 1/10 parts. 8 Lanyards of the spritsail Topmast 1 ½ 12 2 Falls of the spritsail Topmast tackles 6 12 1 Fall of the spritsail cranline 18 18 1 Spritsail topsail halyards 6 6 2 Spritsail topsail Lifts 5 10 2 Pennants of the spritsail topsail Braces 2 2 2 Spritsail topsail Braces 10 20 2 Spritsail topsail cluelines 10 20 2 Fore Topmast tackle Fales 13 ½ 27 2 Falls of the fore Topgallant Backstaies 18 36 1 Fore Topgallant halyards 32 32 2 Pennants of the fore Topgallant Braces 3 3 2 Fore Topgallant Bowlings 24 48 2 Fore Topgallant cluelines 22 44 6 Fore Topgallant lanyards 1 ½ 9 2 Falls of the main Topgallant tackles 7 14 39 2 falls 2 Falls of the main Topgallant Backstaies 20 40 2 Main Topgallant lifts 24 48 2 Main Topgallant Braces 28 56 2 Main Topgallant Bowlings 24 48 8 Mizon Brailes 8 64 2 mizzen Topmast tackle falls 9 18 1 Fall of the mizzen topsail Cranlynes 36 36 6 mizzen topsail Bowling Bridles 6 6 2 Pennants of the mizzen topsail braces 2 2 2 Cross Jeck Braces 20 40 2 Fore topsail Leech lines 10 20 31 691 3. Cordidge of one inch●/ 10 parts. 2 Lanyards of the spritsail standing Lifts 6 6 4 Fore Martlynes Legs 22 22 2 Lanyards of the Hosses for the fore yard 6 12 8 Lanyards for the fore Topmast shrouds 2 16 2 Fore topsail Braces 23 ½ 47 4 Fore topsail Bowling Bridles 2 8 2 Fore Topgallant apparel Ropes 2 2 10 Lanyards of the main Topmast shrouds 2 ½ 25 2 Main topsail Braces 24 48 2 Main topsail leech lines 12 24 2 Main Topgallant cluelines 25 50 2 Pennants of the main Topgallant Braces 2 2 10 Lanyards for the mizzen shrouds 2 ½ 25 2 Pennants of the cross Jeck Braces 3 3 2 Slings for the cross Jeck yard 3 3 2 Pennants of the mizzen topsail cranline 2 2 1 mizzen topsail halyards in 3 parts 28 28 2 mizzen topsail cluelines 14 28 61 351 4. Cordidge of 2. inches 1/10 parts. 2 Spritsail Braces 16 32 2 Spritsail Cluelynes 11 22 1 Spritsail Buntlyne in 2 parts 21 21 8 Spritsail Topmast shrouds 3 24 2 Pennants of the spritsail topsail tackles 2 2 3 Pennants of the spritsail topsail Cranlynes 8 8 10 Puttox of the spritsail Topmast shrouds 10 10 2 Spritsail Topmast apparel Ropes 2 2 2 Foresail martlyns falls 29 58 5 Foresail Buntlynes 16 80 2 Fore Braces 15 30 2 Fore topsail Lifts 18 36 2 Falls of the fore Topmast Backstaies 4 ½ 9 2 Pennants of the fore topsail Braces 3 3 1 Lanniard of the fore Topmasts Stay 5 5 2 Fore topsail Bowlings 26 52 2 Fore topsail Buntlynes 10 20 2 Pennants of the fore Topgallant Backstayes 4 4 1 Fore Topgallant tie 3 ½ 3 ½ 8 Fore Topgallant Puttox 8 8 1 Fore Topgallant Stay 18 18 1 Fore Topgallant Top-rope 27 27 6 Fore Topgallant shrouds 3 ½ 2● 4 Mainsail Martlynes Legs 32 32 2 Falls of the main Topmast tackles 15 1/●; 31 2 Lanyards of the main Topmast backstaies 5 10 2 maine topsail Lifts 24 ½ 49 2 maine topsail Buntlynes falls 17 ½ 35 2 maine topsail Buntlynes Legs 9 ½ 19 2 Pennants of the main Topgallant tackles 2 ½ 2 ½ 2 Pennants of the main Topgallant Backstaies 4 4 1 maine Topgallant halyards 37 37 10 maine Topgallant Puttox 13 13 98 2 Main Topgallant apparel Ropes 2 2 2 Falls of the mizzen tackles 16 32 1 mizzen truss 12 12 1 mizzen Bowling 5 5 2 Pennants of the mizzen Topmast tackles 2 2 8 mizzen Topmast shrouds 4 ½ 36 1 mizzen Topmast tie 4 ½ 4 ½ 10 Puttox of the mizzen Topmast shrouds 15 15 2 mizzen Topmast apparel Ropes 2 2 29 838 ½ 5. Cordidge of 2 inches 6/10 parts. 1 Spritsail Topmast tie 3 3 2 Mainesaile Martlines falls 32 64 2 Main Braces 24 48 8 Main Topgallant shrouds 4 32 2 Spritsail Garnets 18 36 2 Spritsail lifts 18 36 2 Pennants of the spritsail Braces 2 2 2 Spritsail sheets 17 34 1 Hosse for the stay 6 6 2 Fore topsail Clue garnets 15 30 2 Foresail Bowling Bridles 4 4 2 Pennants of the fore Braces 4 4 1 Lanniard of the fore Topmast stay 4 4 2 Falls of the fore Topmast running back stays 17 34 2 Fore Topmast apparel ropes 3 3 1 Fore Topmast breast rope 2 2 6 Mainesaile Buntlines 9 54 1 Maine Luffe Takle 8 8 1 Fall of the main sail buntlines 54 54 1 Main Bousing tackle 8 8 2 Lanyards of the main Yard Hosses 6 6 2 Falls of the main Topmast running back stays 19 ½ 39 2 Main Topmast apparel Ropes 4 4 49 1 Main Topgallant mast Stay 14 14 1 Main Topgallant Top Rope 30 30 1 mizzen Tack 2 2 2 Cross Jeck lifts 15 30 1 mizzen Topmast Top rope 13 13 16 Lanyards of the fore shrouds 4 64 2 Fore topsail Clue lines 30 60 24 728 6. Cordidge of 3 inches 1/10 parts. 1 Spritsail halyards 17 17 2 Hosses for the spritsail shetts 3 3 2 Falls of the boats tackles for the foremast 32 64 2 Other falls 22 44 2 Fore lifts 20 40 2 Fore Bowlings 15 30 2 Pennants of the fore Topmast tackles 4 4 2 Pennants of the fore Topmast running backstaies 3 6 8 Fore Topmast shrowds 6 ½ 52 10 Fore Topmast Puttox 2 ½ 25 1 Fore Topmast halyards 35 35 2 Falls of the boats tackles for the main Mast 35 70 2 Other falls 23 46 2 Maine lifts 24 48 2 Main Clue garnets 18 36 2 Pennants of the main braces 4 4 1 Lanniard of the main Topmast Stay 5 5 1 Main topsail halyards 44 44 2 Pennants of the main topsail braces 3 3 2 Main topsail bowlings 27 54 6 Main topsail bowling bridles 2 12 2 Main topsail clueline 35 70 1 Main Topgallant tie 4 4 2 Runners of the mizzen tackles 8 16 1 mizzen halyards 19 19 1 mizzen sheet 13 13 63 764 7. Cordidge of 3 inches●/ 10 parts. 2 Spritsail standing lists 7 7 1 Fore Topmast Stay 12 ½ 12 ½ 2 Fore Topmast standing backstaies 15 ½ 31 1 Runner of the fore topsail halyards 12 12 20 Lanyards of the main shrouds 4 80 2 Main Bowlings 17 34 4 Maine Bowling Bridles 3 12 1 Main garnet fall 29 29 2 Pennants of the main tackles 4 4 10 Main Topmast shrouds 7 70 2 Pennants of the main Topmast backstaies 7 14 2 Main Topmast standing backstaies 18 36 2 Pennants of the main topsail Braces 4 4 1 Main Topmast brest-rope 2 ●/2 2 ½ 2 Pennants of the mizzen tackles 4 4 1 mizzen Jeer 12 12 1 mizzen apparel Rope 3 3 56 367 8. Cordidge of 3. inches●/ 10 parts. 1 Lanniard of the fore stay 5 5 10 mizzen shrouds 8 80 11 85 9 Cordidge of 4. inches 4/10 parts. 1 Fore halyards 30 30 3 Fore apparel Ropes 8 8 1 Luffe hook Rope 7 7 2 Hosses for the fore Yard 6 6 1 Fall of the fore Topmast Top-Rope 18 18 1 Maine Garnet Guy 8 8 3 Main apparel Ropes 9 9 2 Hosses for the main Yard 8 8 1 Runner for the main topsail halyards 14 14 1 Fall of the main Top-Rope 21 21 10 Main Topmast Puttox 3 30 1 mizzen Stay 9 9 ●8 168 10. Cordidge of 4. inches 1/10 parts. 2 Pennants of the spritsail sheets 4 8 2 Foremast runners of the boats tackles 13 26 2 Other runners 12 ½ 25 2 Fore sheets 25 50 1 Fore Topmast tie 6 ½ 6 ½ ● Main Mast runners of the boats tackles 14 28 2 Other runners 13 26 1 Main Topmast Stay 12 ½ 12 ½ 182 ½ 11. Cordidge of 5. inches●/ 10 parts 2 Fore topsail sheets 21 42 1 Lanniard of the main stay 8 8 1 Main halyards 40 40 2 Main jeers 25 50 2 Main sheets 30 60 1 Pennant of the main Garnet 5 5 1 Main Topmast tie 8 8 1 mizzen Tye 7 7 220 12. Cordidge of 5 inches●/ 10 parts. 1 Sling of the spritsail Yard 2 2 4 Pennants of the fore tackles 3 ½ 14 16 Fore shrouds 10 160 1 Fore breast Rope 2 2 1 Choler of the fore stay about the Bousprit 3 3 1 Main breast Rope 3 3 ● Main topsail sheets 24 48 232 13. Cordidge of 6. inches 1/10 parts. 8 Woldings for the Bousprit 5 40 1 Fore Tye 14 14 2 Fore Tacks 12 ½ 25 4 Pennants of the main tackles 4 16 20 Main shrouds 11 220 1 Pennant of the main Topmast Top rope 6 6 321 14. Cordidge of 6. inches●/ 10 parts. 1 Maine Tye 13 13 2 Main Tacks 15 30 90 43 15. Cordidge of 10. inches 5/10 parts. 1 Fore stay 12 12 1 Choler about the Stem 5 5 1 Pennant of the main winding tackle 6 6 23 16. Cordidge of 14. inches. 1 Maine stay 16 16 4 The first thing we will begin withal is to find the length of the main mast, for any ship whose length at the keel, the breadth at the beam, and the depth in hold is known, which is done two several ways: The first, which is the most rational way, is to add the breadth and the depth of the ship together and double it, and divide the product by 3. and the quotient is the length of the main Mast in Yards. Example in the ship we have propounded, the breadth 29 ½ the depth 13 foot, those two added is 42 ½ the double of 42 ½ is 85. that divided by 3. the quotient is 28 1/● Yards, that is 85 foot, but we have propounded out Mast to be but 84 foot. A second way is thus, add the length of the keel, the breadth of the beam and the depth together, and to that Sum add the difference between the breadth & twice the depth, and multiply the whole Sum by the breadth at the beam, and the product divide by the former whole Sum, and the quotient is the length of the main Mast in yard's. Example in the Ship we have propounded, the length of the keel 75 foot, the breadth of the beam 29 ½ foot, and the depth 13 foot added together the Sum is 117 ½ unto which add the difference between twice the depth 26 and the breadth 29 ½ which is 3 ½ and the whole Sum is 121. which multiplied by 29 ½ the breadth at the beam and the product is 3569 ½ which divided by 121. the former whole Sum the quotient is 29 ½ Yards, which is a yard more & better, than it was the other way, but it is too long, and therefore we commend the first way for the more rational way, and do persuade those that have occasion to make use of that way. Now having found the length of the main Mast in this manner for any ship; we have set down a Table of the lengths and thickness of all the masts and Yards of the Ship we have propounded by means whereof, after the length and thickness, at the partners of the main Mast for any Sip is found. The lengths and thickness of all the other masts and Yards may be found by our Table as followeth: Suppose a Ship 63 foot by the the keel, 25 foot breadth at the beam, and 11 foot deep in hold, we desire to know the length and the thickness of all the masts and yards; and first for the main Mast, the breadth at beam 25 foot, the depth 11 foot, their Sum 36. their double 72. which divided by 3 the quotient is 24 yard's, the length of the main Mast, which is 72 foot. To find the lengths and thickness of all the other, you may do it by the Rule of three, the lengths in feet and the thickness in inches, and the proportion is from the lengths and the thickness of the Masts and yard's, for they are but a lineal proportion: That is: As, 8, the length of our mainmast in the Table is to 72. the length of the mainmast found so is 28, the thickness of our main-mast in the Table to 24. the thickness of the mainmast found at the partners; the thickness or the Diameter at the hounes must be ⅔ two third parts of that which it is at the partners which in this, is 16 inches thickness or Diameter. Or this proportion of the lengths of the masts may be abreviated, for it is as 7 to 6. so is 28 to 24. and so we may proceed to find all the rest, as 7 to 6 so is 75 our foremast to 74. the length of the foremast required; and so we may proceed for all the other lengths and thickness both of the Masts & Yards: but because this is somewhat troublesome, and every one is not able to work the Rule of three in numbers, we have considered of a more easy and speedy way for the performing of it, which is by an opening scale, having two lines drawn, one on each side from the centre, each line divided into 150. parts: and each part into two parts, whose use is thus, take 72 from the centre on one side of the scale in your Compasses the length of the mainmast found, and put it over in 84 and 84 the length of our mainmast in the Table, and keeping the scale still at the same distance without altering it take the distance over with your compasses between 28 and 28 the thickness of our mainmast in the Table, and measure it on the side of the scale from the centre, and it will end in 24. the thickness of the Mast sought; and take it over in 75. the length of our foremast and it will end in 64 the length of the foremast required, and take it over in 25. the thickness of our foremast and it will end in 21 ½ the thickness of the foremast required, and in 74 the length of our mainyard in the Tables, and it will end in 63. the length of the mainyard required, and in 24. for the thickness and it will end in 21 the thickness required: and so proceed for all the rest of the lengths and thickness without altering the scale, and you shall find 56 the length of the bowsprite and 19 thickness, and 53 the length of the fore-yard, and 17 ½ the thickness, and 44 the length of the Mizon-yard and 13 thickness, and 45 the length of the mizzen Mast, and 15 the thickness, and 43 the length of the spritsail yard, and 14 the thickness, and 36 the length of the main topmast, and 12 the thickness, and 31 ½ the length of the fore topmast, and 11 the thickness, and 31 the length of the main topsail, and Crossieck yards, and 9, the thickness of the main topsail yard, and 6 ½ the thickness of the Crossieck yard, and 27 the length of the fore topsail yard, and 7 ½ the thickness, and 23 ½ the length of the mizzen topmast, and 6 ½ the thickness, and 18 ½ the length of the main Topgallant mast and 6 the thickness, and 17 ½ the length of the mizzen topsail yard, and 4 ¼ the thickness, and 17 the length of the fore Top-gallant mast, and 5 the thickness, and 16 the length of the main Top-gallant yard, and 5 the thickness, and 14 ½ the length of the fore Top-gallant yard, and 4 ¼ the thickness, and 14 ½ the length of the spritsail topmast, and 4 ¼ the thickness, and 12 the length of the spritsail topsail yard, and 3 ½ the thickness: By this means we have performed the finding the lengths and the thickness of all the masts and yards belonging to our supposed ship of 63 foot by the keel, 25 foot by the beam, and 11 foot deep in hold, with wonderful ease and speed, very exactly; and now we will go forwards, first to find the sizes of our Rigging: secondly, to find the quantity of Rope of each size that will serve our turn to rig the ship completely: and thirdly, to find the length of each Rope, that we shall have occasion to make use of in Rigging: all which shall be performed with as much ease and speed as the former was for the masts and yards, (number for number.) Here note by the way, that we could have given the lengths of all the masts and yards by proportions from the length of the main mast, and so from one to another, but because our way that we have propounded is far more easy and speedy in performance, I rather make use of it, then of the other way. Now first for the sizes of our Rigging we are to consider that it is but a lineal proportion between the Diameter of the main mast in our Table, and the Diameter of the mast found, which proportion is, being abbreviated, as 7 to 6. so is one inch one tenth part the smallest Cordidge in our Table, to nine tenths of one inch our smallest Cordidge for out supposed ship of 6● foot by the keel: and here we are to note that it is the circumference of the Cordidge that we find, all which is performed without altering the scale, but let it remain at the same opening it was at, to find the lengths and thickness of the masts and Yards. As for the smallest Cordidge of one inch, and one tenth part, take the distance over between 11 and 11. which measured from the centre will end in 9 and more almost one half, which is 9 tenths of one inch, & then put it over in 13 and 13. for our second size Cordidg of one inch and 1/10 in our Table, which measured from the centre will end in 11. which is one inch, and one tenth part for our second size, for our supposed ship, and so proceeding on in the same manner for all the rest of our sizes, taking for one inch, and 1/10 parts 18 and for two inches and 1/10 parts 22. and for 2 inches ●/10 parts 26. and for 3 inches 1/10 part, 31 and so in like manner for all the rest, and taking for 14 inches, 140. But here it may be objected that the greatest Cordidge in our Table is but 14 inches, and the extent of our scale is but to 150. how then shall we do if we were to fit a ship, whose size of Cordidge would go beyond the end of our scale? To which I answer, it may be done three ways: first, it may be done by the Rule of three in numbers, or else, secondly, (which is more pertinent to our way of performing) by the scale, which is thus, I have a Ship to be Rigged, the thickness of whose mainmast at the partners is 35 inches, I demand the size of the main stay, the size of the main stay in our Tables is but 14 inches, this that we seek for must be more, the proportion between the thickness of the Masts is as 18 to 35, which is as 4 to 5. In this case because our scale goes but 150. we take the distance over between 70 and 70. which is half the size of our main stay and measure it from the centre, and it will end in 87 ½ that is half the circumference of the Maine stay required which being doubled is 175. that is 17 inches and one half, the circumference of the main stay required. A third way by the scale, we may take the distance over between 14 and 14, as the scale is numbered, which measured from the centre, will end in 17 ½ the size of our main stay required. But to go forwards to find the rest of the sizes of the Cordidge for our supposed Ship of 63 foot by the keel. For our Cordidge of one inch ●/10 in our Table, we shall find by the scale one inch 6/10 parts, & for 2 inches 2/10 parts, we shall find one inch 2/10 parts, and for 2 inches 6/10 parts, we shall find 2 inches 2/10 parts, and for 3 inches 1/10 parts, we shall find 2 inches ●/10 parts, and for 3 inches 5/10 parts, we shall find 3 inches ●/10 parts, and for 3 inches ●/10 parts, we shall find 3 inches ●/10 parts, and for 4 inches 4/10 parts, we shall find 3 inches 8/10 parts, and for 4 inches, ●/10 parts, we shall find 4 inches 1/10 parts, and for 5 inches 2/10 parts, we shall find 4 inches 4/10 parts, and for 5 inches, 6/10 parts, we shall find 4 inches ●/10 parts, and for 6 inches, 1/10 part, we shall find 5 inches, 1/10 parts, and for 6 inches, 5/10 parts, we shall find 5 inches 5/10 parts, and for 10 inches, 5/10 parts, we shall find 9 inches, ●/10 parts, and for 14 inches we shall find 12 inches ●/10 parts: so now we have sized all our Cordidge for our supposed ship of 63 foot by the keel, for Rigging proportionable to the sizes of the Cordidge in our Table. The second thing concerning the Cordidge is to find what quantity of each size will serve to rig our supposed Ship of 63 foot by the keel. You may see in our Table we have set down the Sum of the number of fathoms of each size at the end or conclusion of the size, as for the first size of one inch and one tenth part the Sum is 23●. Fathoms, but because this number is greater than the length of our scale, we take the tenth part of it, and so we take it over between 23 ¼ and ●3 ¼, the scale remaining still at the same angle, or opening it was, at the first, and measuring it from the centre, it will end in very near 20. which being again increased or multiplied by 10. it will be 2●0 fathom for the Cordidge of the least size, to rig our supposed Ship completely. For our second size which in our Table is 691. Fathom, we shall find 59 which is 590 fathom, and for our Third size which is in the Table, ●51. Fathom, we shall find 30. which is 300. Fathom, and for our fourth size▪ which is in the Table 838. Fathom, we shall find 71 ½▪ which is 715. Fathom, and for our fifth size, which is in the Table, 728. Fathom, we shall find, 62 ½, which is 625. Fathom, and for our sixth size, which is in the Tables, 764. Fathom, we shall find 65 ½ which is 655. Fathom, and for our seventh size, which is in the Tables, 36●. Fathom, we shall find 31 ½ which is 315. Fathom, and for our eighth size which is in the Tables, 85. Fathom, we shall find 72. which is 72. Fathom, and for our ninth size which is in the Tables, 168. Fathom, we shall find, 14 ½ which is 145. Fathom, and for our tenth size, which is in the Tables, 182. Fathom, we shall find 15 ½ which is 155. Fathom, and for our eleventh size which is in the Tables, 220. Fathom, we shall find 19 which is 190. Fathom, and for our twelfth size, which is in the Tables, 232. Fathom, we shall find 20. which is 200. Fathom, and for our thirtéenth size, which is in the Tables, 321. we shall find 27 ½ which is 275. Fathom, and for our fourtéenth size, which is in the Tables, 43. Fathom, we shall find 37. which is 37. Fathom, and for our fiftéenth size, which is in the Tables 23. Fathom, we shall find 20. which is 20. Fathom, and for our last size, which is in the Tables 16. Fathom, we shall find 14. Fathom. But here it will be objected, that in our Tables we have put down too much variety of Rigging, and that there is not so much required for every ordinary ship: for answer whereunto, and what course to take, where any man is not disposed to have his ship so completely Rigged▪ as we have propounded, go to the Tables, and take out the numbers, that are against the Cordidge of every Size, that you intend to make use of, and add the numbers together, then take over the distance in your Compasses from the scale, of the whole Sum, or the tenth part as you haur occasion, as is before directed, and measure it from the centre, & you shall see the number of fathoms required of that size, although you rig not your ship so completely as we have propounded, always remembering the Scale must remain still at the same opening it was, at the first. Example. Suppose our supposed ship of 63. foot by the keel, it being winter, should not be Rigged with Topgallant masts, nor with mizzen, nor spritsail Topmasts, than we would know how many fathom of our fourth size Cordidge will serve our turn; we go to our Table of 2 inches 2/10 parts, and take out the numbers against all the other Cordidge, (leaving out that which is for the Topgallant masts, and for the mizzen, and spritsail Topmastes) and add them together, and the Sum is 590. of which I take the tenth part, which is 59 Then I take over the distance with my Compasses upon the scale, between 59 and 59, and measure it from the centre, and it ends in 50 ½ which is 505. Fathom of Cordidge of our fourth size of one inch, 9/10 parts, which was the size we found for 2 inches 2/10 parts, as you may see before. Now to proceed to the finding of each particular Cordes length, there is no more difficulty in it then there was in the finding of the whole number of fathoms of each size, but for the better explaining of it we will set down some examples of some Cords that the test may be found by them without any Scruple. Example. We desire to know the length of our main topsail Braces for our supposed ship of 63. foot by the keel, looking in our Table we find them in our third size of 1 inch, ●/10 parts, and their length double is 48 fathom (note in our Table every Cord that is double is put down, single and double, with Fa. at the top of each signifying fathoms;) so I take over the distance with the Compasses upon the scale over between 48 and 48. which measured from the centre shall end in 41. that is 41 fathom, for the length of our main topsail Braces double, for our supposed ship of 63. foot by the keel, and so if we look for our fore topsail lifts, we shall find them to be in our Table of Cordidge of 2 Inches 1/10 parts, 36. Fathom, and for our supposed ship we shall find them to be 31. Fathom, and fo●l●ur topsail clueline in our Table of 2 Inches 6/10 parts, we shall find 60 fathom, which for our supposed ship we shall find to be 51. Fathom, and for our fore lifts, which in our Table is 40 fathom, we shall find them for our supposed Ship to be by our scale 34 fathom, and for our main topsail halyards, in our Table we shall find 44. Fathom, which for our supposed ship by our scale we shall find to be 37 fathom, & for our main bowlings in our table is 34 fathom, which we shall find by our scale to be 29. Fathom, & for our fore halyards in our Table is 30. Fathom, which we shall find by our scale to be 26. Fathom. Thus we have exemplified in the finding of the lengths of some particular Cords, which is instruction sufficient for the finding of the lengths of all the rest, and so we suppose we have performed all that we promised to perform with ease & speed by a scale, for the complete Rigging of any ship; & now we will proceed to set down some other provisions & Cordidge that are necessarily required in a ship, & so we will conclude this Tract. A Table of some other Cords and Ropes that are of necessity in a ship, and are here put down for their lengths and sizes according to our former Table of Cordidge for our propounded ship. Fa. Fa. 2 Stoppers at the bits of 5 inches 4 8 2 Lanyards of 2 inches 5 10 2 Stoppers at the Bough of 3 1/●; inches 6 12 4 Shank Panters of 3 ½ inches 2 ½ 10 1 Shank Panter for the stream Anchor 3 inches 2 ½ 2 ½ 1 Stopper for it of 3 inches 2 ½ 2 ½ 2 Can Buy Ropes of 3 inches 50 100 For Robins and Earins of 1 ½ inch. 1 small coil. 4 Lead lines 2 Cat Ropes of 3 inches 2 ½ 5 1 Pennant of the fish tackle 4 ½ inches 4 4 1 Fall of the fish tackle 2 inches 12 12 1 Long Boats Davide's seizing 3 inches 2 2 1 Long Boats Panter 4 inches 3 3 1 Pinnesses Davide's seizing 2 ½ inches 2 2 1 Pinnesses Panter 3 inches 3 3 1 Jellewatts Panter 2 inches 2 2 Hosses for the head 3 inches 4 4 1 Ladder for the Bousprite 2 ½ inches 8 8 Lanyards of 1 inch 4 4 1 Buy Rope for the stream Anchor 3 inches 9 9 1 Buy Rope for the Kedg Anchor 2 inches 9 9 2 Pair of Butt slings 3 inches 2 2 2 Pair of Hogshead slings 2 inches 2 2 1 Ladder for the poop 3 inches 8 8 6 Winding tackle Blocks 3 Buy Ropes of 4 inches 10 30 For new Bolt Rope 4 inch Cablet. A guess Rope 3 inch Cablet. Cackling of 2 ½ or 3 inches. 50 YOu are to take notice that these last Cords and Ropes are sized and their lengths are proportioned according to our Ship that we have propounded of 75 foot by the keel, for which our former Tables are made. Now it remains that we speak somewhat of the sizing of Cables. Your sheet Cable is commonly so many half inches about as your ship is breadth in feet at the midship beam. Now our propounded Ship to which our Tables are made is 29 ½ foot at the midship beam, therefore the sheet Cable must be 15 inches about, and to find the sizes of the rest of your Cables, you may do it by the weight of your Anchors in this manner. Suppose your sheet Anchor be 15 hundred weight, and your Cable 12 inches, and you have another Anchor 9 hundred weight, you desire the size of your Cable for it. For the answer to this and the like demands, I have caused two lines to be put down on the side of the scale; the one of equal parts containing 385 parts, and the Tens and Fives drawn out, and it is numbered at every 50, thus, 50, 100, 150, &c. The other line of unequal parts begins at 1, and ends at 〈◊〉 and is numbered to every unite, and each unite is divided from five to ten by fives, and from ten to 〈◊〉 by tens, each unite into ten parts. First I take 9 upon the opening scale from the centre, the weight of the second Anchor, and put it over in 15, and 15, the weight of the first Anchor, and keeping the scale so, I look against 12 in the unequal parts, and in the equal parts against it are 72. then I take the distance over upon the opening scale between 72, and 72, and measure it from the centre, and it ends in 43 ½ Lastly, I look 4● ½ in the equal parts, and against it in the unequal parts is 9 1/10 that is 9 1/10 inches the Circumference of the Cable for the Anchor of 9 hundred weight which was required. Or otherwise the Cables may be proportioned from the burden of the Ships in this manner. Suppose that a Ship of 300. Tun have a sheet Cable of 15 inches about, what shall be the Circumference about of the sheet Cable of a Ship of 115 tun? Here because the greater number of Tuns is more than is upon our scale, we take one quarter of 300. which is 75. and one quarter of 115 which is 29 nearest, and the proportion is all one: so I take 29. from the centre and put it over in 75, and 75, and so keep the scale. Next I look against 15, in the unequal parts, and against it in the equal parts is 112 ½. than I take over the distance between 1112 ½ and 112 ½ & measure it from the centre and it ends in 43 ½ then I look against 43 ½ and in the unequal parts, against it are 9 3/10 that is 9 3/10 inches, the circumference about of a sheet Cable for a ship of 115 tun according to the former supposition, and as it was found before; and so the sizes of all the rest of the Cables may be found from one ship to another after the same manner. It may be objected that the stays of the middle masts may fail to hold in proportion according to the lengths of the middle masts in all ships, because the distance between the main mast and the fore mast may not be proportionable in all ships according to their lengths, we suppose it to be so, yet our scale performs it exactly. Example. In our propounded ship of 75 foot by the keel, the main mast 84 foot, the depth in hold 13 foot, and 5 foot between decks is 18 foot, which subtracted out of 84 rest 66 foot, the height of the mast above the decks; now commonly the distance between the main mast and fore mast is three fifths of the length of the Ships keel, which in this ship that we have propounded is 45 foot (and the distance of the mizzen mast from the main mast is half as much as the distance between the main mast and the fore mast,) But to proceed, & to keep ourselves within the compass of our scale, we reduce the height of the mast above the decks, and the distance between the main mast, and fore mast into yard, and the one is 22 yards and the other is 15 yards, these two I seek in the line of unequal parts, and against 22 there is in the equal parts 242. and against 15 is 112 ½ these two I add together & their Sum is 354 ½ which I seek in the line of equal parts, and against it in the unequal parts is 26 6/10 that is 26 6/10 yards, the length of the main stay besides the choler. If it happen that the equal parts that belong to the height of the main mast above the decks, and the distance between the main mast and the foremast added together be above 385 then take the half of each in yards, and double the length you find, and that shall be the length of the main stay in yards. Example. The distance between the main mast and foremast is 15. yards, for which we take half which is 7 ½ against which of the unequal parts▪ in the equal parts, is 28. and for the height of the main mast above the decks being 22 yards we take 11 against which of the unequal parts, in the equal parts is 60 ½ which added to 28 is 88 ½ which I look in the equal parts & against it in the unequal parts is 13 3/10 which being doubled is 26 6/10 that is, 26 6/10 yards, for the length of the main stay besides the choler as it was found before. Thus we have finished what was intended, for this business of masting, yarding, and Rigging of any ship whatsoever. But because our boatswain shall be complete according to our title, we will further show by our scale to find the weight of the Cordidge (of each size that shall serve to rig any ship whatsoever) as we will exemplify ●it by the Cordidge of our supposed ship of 63. foot by the keel: first we are to take notice that in all our Cordidge under 2 6/10 inches, we are to look the size in the unequal parts, and make it ten times as much as it is, as for one inch and 5/10 parts to look 15. and to take half the number of equal parts against it, as against 15. is 112 ½. the half is 56 ¼ and always take 50. from the centre, and put it over in the said half of the equal parts, then take the distance over in 87 ½, and 87 ½ and measure it from the centre, and that shall be the number of fathoms of that Cordidge that weighs one quarter of one hundred weight. Example of our third size for our supposed Ship of 63 foot by the keel, which size is one inch 6/10 parts, taking for it 16. as is before said, and looking it in the unequal parts, there is against it in the equal parts 128. the half is 64. Then I put over 50. in 64. and take the distance over in 87 ½. and 87 ½, and measure it from the centre, & it ends in 68 that is, in 68 Fathom of that Cordidge to weigh one quarter of one hundred weight; so than I take 28 from the centre the number of pounds in one quarter of a hundred, and put it over in 68, than I take the distance over between 30, and 30, the tenth part of the sum of the Cordidge of the third size, and measure it from the centre and it ends in 12 1/●, which multiplied by 10, is 123 pound, the weight of 300 fathom of our Cordidge of 1 inch 6/10 parts, which is our third size. For Cordidge between 2 6/10 inches and 5 inches take the one half of the size, and do with the half as in the last, only at the last take the distance between 43 ¼ and 43 ¼ and measure it from the centre which shall be the number of fathoms in half one hundred weight, or if you take it between 87 ½ and 87 ½ it shall be the number of fathoms ●● one hundred weight. Example of our seventh size Cordidge for our supposed Ship which is 3 inches, the half is 1 inch 5/10 parts, for which we look 15 in the unequal, and in the equal parts against it 112 ½ the half is 56 ¼: so I put over 50 in 56 ¼▪ and take the distance between 4 ¾ and 13 ¾, which measured from the centre shall end in 39, that is 39 fathom to weigh half one hundred weight of 3 inch Cordige; so I put over 20 for 2 quarters in 39, and then I take the distance over between 31 ½ and 31 ½ for 315 fathom, the whole Sum o● that Cordidge, which measured from the centre shall end in 16. that is 16 quarters of one hundred weight, that is four hundred weight for the quantity of that Cordidge For Cordidge above 5 Inches to find the weight and whole quantity of that; we must seek the size of tha in the unequal parts, as it is, and take the equal parts against it and put over 20 in it, then take the distance between 87 ½ and 87 ½ and measure it from the centre and it shall end in the number of fathoms that weigheth half one hundred weight. Example of our fifth size which is 9 inches & is 20 fathom, against 9 of the unequal parts in the equal parts is 40 ½ I put over 20 in 40 ½ and take the distance between 87 ½ and 87 ½ which measured from the centre ends in 43. that is 4 fathom, and 1/10 of that Cordidge to weigh half one hundred weight: Then I put over 20 for 2 quarters in 43. and take the distance over between 20 and 20 the number of fathoms of that size, and measure it from the centre, and it ends in 9½ that is 6 quarters and one third part or 2 hundred one quarter and 9 pound for the whole quantity of that Cordidge. This which is exemplified in these three particulars is sufficient instruction for all the rest, and now having made (in regard of instruction) our boatswain complete, we leave it to his practice and so conclude. FINIS.