A brief Discovery or Description Of the most Famous Island Of MADAGASCAR or St LAURENCE in Asia near unto East-India.  
With Relation of the healthfulness, Pleasure, Fertility and wealth of that country, comparable if not transcending all the Eastern parts of the world, a very Earthly Paradise; a most sitting and desirable place, to settle an English Colony and Plantation there, rather than in any other part of the known world.  
Also the Condition of the Natives, their inhabiting, their affability, Habit, Weapons, and manner of living, the plenty, and cheapsiensse of Food, Flesh, Fish; and fowl, oranges and lemons, Sugar, ambergris, Gold, Tortle-shels, and Drugs, and many other Commodities sit for Trade and Commerce, to be had and gotten there at cheaper Rates then in India or elsewhere.  
Also trading from Port to Port all India and Asia over, and the great profit gained thereby.  
The chiefest place in the world to enrich men by Trade, to and from India, Persia Moco, Achine, China, and other rich Eastern kingdoms. I being the fittest place for a Magazine or storehouse of Trade between Europe and Asia, far exceeding all other Plantations in America or elsewhere.  
Also the excellent means and accommodation to fit the Planters there, with all things needful and superfluous for back and belly (out of India near adjacent, at one fourth part of the price, and cheaper than it will cost in England; yea, Fat Bullocks, Sheep, Goats, Swine, poultry, Rice, (and Wheat and Barley reasonable, &c.) exceeding cheap, for the value of twelve pence or one shilling English, will purchase or buy of the Natives as much as 5, 6, 7 pounds or more in England, in this famous Island at their first arrival, which no other country hath afforded.  
By R. B. and Francis Lloyd, Merchants.  
The second Edition corrected and amended.  
London, Printed for John Hardesty, at the sign of the Black-spread Eagle in Duck-lane. 1647.   

TO His most royal (and I trust in God (yet) Most Gracious sovereign Lord King CHARLES of England, &c. and to the Right Honourable the peers, Lords and Commons Assembled in the High and Honourable Court of Parliament.  
MOst Gracious, Sacred and dread sovereign, and most Honourable pious pears and Commons in Parliament Assembled: The despicable condition of my poor Estate (ruined through envy, malice, and revenge abroad in India, and cruelly oppressed by deep ingratitude, partiality and injustice at home in England;) the weakness and infermity of my decrepit person (debillitated by along continued sickness now almost six years complete) with my simple Ignorant and weak understanding (yet true loyal hearty affection to my King and country's glory and renown) right Humbly, and in all Lowly and Reverend Submission to Your highness, and honour's virtues and Authority, craves pardon and remission for my boldness, in interrupting your most serious and most weighty affairs of State, with the dull apprehension of my zeal and affection to God's glory, the Honour of my gracious sovereign and his most royal Posterity, and the welfare and accommodation of my endeared native Country, which hath induced or rather impulsed, and coacted me to come to counsel before I am called, and to lend the opinion of an unintelligent and unfortunate Merchant, concerning the aptness, accommodation, and assured great benefit of this Kingdom of England by settling a considerable Plantation in the most famous Island of the world (Madagascar or Saint Lawrence) and that thereby the glory of Almighty, your majesty's Honour, and the commonwealth's happiness may redound to all the world, as well out of Asia as Affryca (or rather more and better) in hopeful or assured expectation) as out of America and other parts of the world. May it therefore please your highness and Honours, to pardon my servant zeal and affection to this worthy design; which if the laws of England did forbid or give causion to the projectors of new business to the commonwealth, under pain of loss of life if their projects proved hurtful to the same (as that (as I take it) of the lacedaemonians or some otherwell governed commonwealth (and such law perhaps not hurtful to this kingdom) yet would I adventure without any hope or expectation, to myself of reward or accommodation to) exhibit this project (so apparently beneficial to the commonwealth in my own strong confident opinion) if so be it should please, his royal Majesty and the Honourable High Court of Parliament, to undertake it as abusinesse of State and of great consequence to this Kingdoms its welfare and indemnity.  
To insist upon a large Epistle were obnoxious to Your Majesty, and Honours weighty and importent affairs, and my dull apprehension, with the timorousness of my deep offence in such bold presumption, forbids me to take that unpleasing task upon me, I verily acknowledge it a transcendent, haughty presumption in me to exhibit so rude and unpolished a Pamphlet to Your highness and honour's perusal (yea to the meanest of the Honourable House of Commons) which though it cannot expect gracious acceptance from any, yet if it incur not unto me thereby Your Majesties and Honours just indignation, for my impulsed zeal to my King and country's good out of the small experience and weak iniuditious apprehension of my unfortunate travels, until such time as more judicious and better intelligent persons by their more skilful prevalent persuasive pens give better encouragement, for speedy and effectual means to proceed in so weighty (yea most hopeful successful) a business, I shall have some cause (yet) to rejoice in the depth of my misery and affliction; in the mean time my daily earnest Prayers to God, shall be for his abundant blessings, spiritual and temporal to his Sacred Majesty, and his most Royal Posterity, the Right Honourable High Court of Parliament, and all His majesty's true loyal Subjects; and that the Lord Jesus would please to break in pieces the most hurtful Cords of Contention with the spirit of truth and concord, and put away from all them that profess his name the offence of quarrels and dissension among them, that we may be joined together in one mind, in truth love and Christian Charity, to the praise honour and glory of God Almighty; and such shall be ever the prayers,  
Of Your Sacred Majesties, and Your honour's most loyal Subject and Servant. Richard Boothby.   

To the Reader.  
COurteous Reader, this book was intended to have been divulged in August, anno 1644. but many lets have impeded the same, my own weakness of body: the hindrance of a captious licencer, blaming the rudeness of the stile and my placing Madagascar in Asia, which he would needs have to be in Africa, but whether in Asia or Africa I yet rest unresolved, by the opinion of some seamen accounting it in Asia; some detractness it hath had by long detention of some chief member of Parliament, to whom I committed the perusal, which their multitude of more weighty affairs would not admit time for its perusal; and lastly occasioned by the visit (in my long continued sickness) of an East India Merchant, Mr. Francis Lloyd my loving friend, whom I had not seen in seven years or more before, who bearing of my intention desired to have a sight of the rude manuscript, which after some time he returned me and offering to add some what thereunto touching the encouragement for a plantation at Madagascar, and the assured great benefit by trade from thence to all parts of the world, by making or settling there a Magazine or store house for trade into all Christian and heathen kingdoms, which his free offer I thankfully accepted, knowing his intelligence in the Eastern parts of the world, to be second to none of this Nation, he having been many times employed Factor and Purser of the admiral ship into India, and five times at Madagascar, and often visited those many rich kingdoms, and got great experience in the trades, traffic and commerce of them all from place to place, which now he having performed, I have here into inserted, yet not desirous to attribute vain gloriously to myself, nor to detract from his deeper judgement (far beyond my own) who never was but once in India, and that but one year and half, that time a close prisoner (not for any crime) but in malice and revenge of a lewd President and counsel in India, I have caused his advice and intelligence to be marked with some mark or sign, and his name in the margen●t, thereby to be distinguished and known from what is of my own weak capacity, and so to give him his due desert far surpassing mine, and second in that kind to none in England. Therefore gentle reader I entreat thee to accept both our endeavours and hearty well wishings, to God's glory, his majesty's honour, and the welfare of our endeared native Country in good part, which we refer to thy charitable censure.   

The Contents.  
CHAP. I. The occasion of printing this rude Treatise or pamphlet, Prince Rupert's intent to plant at Madagascar, Master Walter Hamonds' book in praise of this Island will give good encouragement for a plantation, be that is Lord or King of Madagascar may easily in good time be Emperor of all India, also the cheapness of necessaries both for back and belly to be had out of India for the present relief of the planters. 
p. 1  CHAP. II. The country's situation under the tropic of Caprieorne, the healthfulness of the Country, Augustine Bay a che●●e and excellent harbour for multitude of ships, the pleasantness and fertility of the Country, a second land of Canaan or a paradise of the world, the Portugals rich trade to Mussambeg on the coast of Malindia. 
p. 4.  CHAP. III. Hogs in Malinda have stones in their maws as precious as rich jewels, the affection of the inhabitants to our Nation above all others, Portugal friars stain to accompany the King of Madagascar at his death to heaven, great store of wild foul and turkeys, the envy of the East India Company against a plantation may give the better encouragement thereunto: no Gold Silver nor any rich commodity of so high esteem in Madagascar as red Cornelian Beads. 
p. 7.  GHAP. iv. The comeliness of the Natives though naked, yet personable and of pleasant countenance, their weapons not dangerous or of great annoyance, their small use and unskilfulness in labour or manufacture, great probability of sugar and spices at Madagascar, the praise of the Island, comparable with the land of Canaan. 
p. 11.  CHAP. V. The Idolatrous worship of God, or the devil, the Natives addicted to theft and robbery. A project of the Bishops disposed to plant at Madagascar, Madagascar safeguard rashly attained unto. 
p. 15.  CHAP. VI. Great encouragement to the plantation, the cheapness of clothing or apparel to be had out of India for the use of the planters, the rich attire for persons of quality to be had there exceeding cheap, all sorts of herbs roots fruits and fowls to be had in plentiful abundance in Madagascar, trees yielding great store of pleasant liquour nothing inferior to wine and sugar in England, the excellent virtue of India Mirabolins. 
p. 20.  CHAP. VII. The cheapness of all sorts of eattell and food at Madagascar, the turkeys before mentioned in Mr. Lloyd's intelligence are not so large and good as ours, and I rather account the Sants or such like fowl but being all over speckled black and white our people give them the name of turkeys, the great benefit to be made by dairies at Madagascar, with the means to accommodate the making of butter and cheese in that hot Country, as also for powdering of beef and brewing of good beer. 
p. 24.  CHAP. VIII. The accommodation and means for dairies, brewing of beer and powdering of meat for the use of ships at sea, the means to make saltpetre cheaper than in India or elsewhere, all sorts of excellent materials for building to be had in Madagascar, poor artificers may live by their labours in all sorts of manufacture, out strip all Nations of the world for the price of their labour, trade and commerce to and from Madagascar will exceed in benefit all other. 
p. 27.  CHAP. ix.. The Riches to be aecrewd by Trade between England and India, may all be converted by a free Trade to the Planters at Madagascar, the benefit of particular commodities, to and from between India and Persia; the Piscash of a Chain of Gold given by Podomsee, though of 500 pound value not comparable to the benefit he received by freight and custom in his massy Treasure in pearls, the massy rich Trade of pearls, and Diomonds from Persia into India, &c. 
p. 30.  CHAP. X. The mighty loss to the Portugals in customs, by the loss of Ormus, which might have been turned to the benefit of the English, who Conquered it and indiscreetly deserted it to the benefit of the Persians. 
p. 34.  CHAP. XI. A brave Sea fight with the Portugals upon the coast of India, another brave Sea fight with one English ship against many Portugals in the gulf of Persia, the Portugals cruelty te our men taken prisoners in cool blood. 
p. 38.  CHAP. XII. The Portugals mediation for peace with the English Nation, the Persians valuation of Ormus, at twenty Millions of treasure, now they are possessed thereof, which the English might have enjoyed, if they had had wise governors, Committees, and Agents, of the India corporation; the exceeding folly of the East India court, in sending treasure into Persia, to touch at Surrat, where the money being inverted in commodities would have turned almost to double money profit, the unconsionable custom of India Courts in not shipping out our own rich native commodities, which would yield good profit, but transporting much Gold and Silver, to their country's loss, and proof of their ill office to the commonwealth; the way to drive a rich trade into India, without transportation of treasure. Multitude of English commodities beneficial for transportation into India, to save exportation of treasure, if the India courts were good members of the commonwealth; the beneficial trade in India, between Surrat and Goa near adjacent: all commodities from Surrat to Bantam vendible, at great beneficial prizes. 
p. 43.  CHAP. XIII. The exceeding rich trade from Surrat to China, and also a rich trade from China to India, though this beneficial trade be neglected by the English sluggish injudicious Court Committees; if a free trade were open, diligent industrous Merchants would leave no place unassayed where there is great hopes or certain assurance of large profit, the profitable trade from India to Moco in the Red Sea, the way to enrich our usurers with more security of conscience by letting moneys at interest to Heathens rather than to Christians and at double the Rates, for their greater encouragement. Industrious men in open trade will find out far more several sorts of Commodities, than the India injudicious Courts (never exercised in the practic of that commerce) do look into, and no doubt but as beneficial. 
p. 48.  CHAP. XIIII. A beneficial trade to be made at the Port of swallow road, where all Christian Ships and others resort at fitting times; encouragement to young Merchants or decayed persons of a good and honest repute at home in their own Country, a means to draw on Adventurers in purse and person to Madagascar. 
p. 58.  CHAP. XV. The valour of the English Nation against the savages in Virginia and new-England, also of the Spaniards against a civil nation in America, or the west Indies, also of the Spaniards and Portugals against the Brasilians, and against the Indians a mighty warlike nation, also the design of other Nations, jeering us for not settling a plantation somewhere in India for our succour and defence, aught to stir us up to such an enterprise, the honour and blessing of a pious christian nation, to settle true religion among Idolatrous heathen people, to God's glory and honour; The barbarous cruel oppression of the Dutch against the English at Amboyna in east India, being to mighty and to strong for the English to resist. 
p. 62.  CHAP. XVI. Esquire Courteen his worthy enterprise to settle the beginning of a Plantation at Madagascar, the partiality injustice and ingratitude of the India Courts against their true loyal brother's Servants; and corrupt favour to their juggling, debauched, undeserving, mere hireling Servants. A commodity of great value to be regarded and searched for out at Madagascar and of great advantage to the obtainers thereof; Prince Rupert in a great forwardness to a hopeful Plantation at Madagascar, the Earl of Arundels intention to supply Prince Rupert's failing in the project for Madagascar. 
p. 66.  CHAP. XVII. The use of Ordnance, Guns and Printing long in use in China, before used in Christendom, good admonition to give the glory to God, in this action and all others. 
p. 70.    

Excellent Encouragement for settling an English Plantation at MADAGASCAR in ASIA.  

CHAP. I. The occasion of printing this rude treatise or pamphlet, Prince Rupert's intent to plant at Madagascar, Master Walter Hamonds' book in praise of this Island will give good encouragement for a plantation, he that is Lord or King of Madagascar may easily in good time be Emperor of all India, also the cheapness of necessaries both for back and belly to be had out of India for the present relief of the planters.  
FOr as much as great talk and rumour hath happened this last spring, 1644. about divers of his majesty's subjects adventuring to Madagascar or Saint Lawrence in Asia near unto East India, and there to plant themselves as in other parts of America, and that some by report are already gone upon that voyage, and for that myself have been heretofore desirous to deliver my opinion thereof (in regard of my being and abode upon that Island, three months or more together) as first about eleven or twelve years past by the right worshipful Doctor Henry Gouch master of Trinity college in Cambridge, whom himself had in his passage into Persia (in company with the right Honourable Sir Dodmore Cotton and Sir Robert Shirley Ambassadors from his Majesty King Charles of England to the King of Persia) being in that Country, whom I satisfied the best I could out of those brief notes which I had taken, not expecting to have been required my opinion thereof (which otherwise I would have been more exact and diligent in my observations) yet gave him some content chiefly (I think) with a book I lent him to take a Copy of the writing of the priests or religious men there, which Master Doctor Gouch told me was the ancient writing of the Egyptians in Hierogliphycks or Characters of strange shapes like beasts, fowls, worms, serpents, &c. or like unto utinsels or tools of labouring men in several Vocations, which having perused and copied out, he returned to me again with thanks. Secondly, about six or seven years past, the Honourable Endymion Porter and that noble well affected Gentleman captain John Bond, to that Plantation desired me to give them some of my observations in writing (it being at that time when as the right Honourable the Earl of Arundel, and other honourable persons intended to persuade Prince Rupert to undertake that business, which no doubt had he performed, would have been more effectual to God's glory, more advantage and more honourable and beneficial unto himself and brethren then to countenance a civil war in this kingdom so much at all times respective to him and his family) which though more rudely and more defective for want of my papers lost, I performed, was acceptably of them also received (with the book formerly mentioned, which they presented to his Majesty as a present of some respect) and though the book was grossly charactared and bound up by the savages, yet it cost me the price of six or eight fat Oxen: I also gave Master Porter some of the savages weapons as darts, and a long knife about two foot long the blade and haft together, much of an equal length, and also a curious India painted Bow and arrows, with a Quiver lined with crimson Velvet, for all which they offered to bring me to his Majesty to kiss his hand, but I denied not thinking my present worthy so great an honour, and therefore desired to be excused. Thirdly, because I understand that M. Walter Hamond chirurgeon, who was at the same time of my last being at Madagascar with us in company, hath lately written a book of the worthiness of that Country and the benefit thereof to the encouragement of adventurers, and dedicated the same to the noble Gentleman captain John Bond (which yet I have not seen) I have (for the reasons premised) adventured to take in hand to deliver my opinion in writing to public view (though rudely) and far inferior in such abilities to that honest able person master Hamond, to the further encouragement of the worthy adventurers and planters that shall think good to adventure their purses and persons in that right worthy and famous action (which peradventure I may hit upon such encouragements by way of Trade or act of Commerce (more proper to my vocation) as may give more encouragement for the proceedings herein then in any other already settled in the parts of America: for as our English proverb hath it, That there is no service like to the service of a King, nor no fishing comparable to the fishing in the Sea. So I will add a third true proverb, that there is no trading or commerce equivolent for profit to that of East India and the parts adjacent, and the more beneficial, by the commodity of the fruitful rich island of Saint Laurence or Madagascar, its situation or placing near India, Persia, the red Sea, Achin java major, Bantam, Jombee, Maccassar, Mallabar, the five kingdoms as I take it of Decanij, Golicunda, Bengala, and China, &c. and multitudes of rich kingdoms in and near India, which being inhabited with Christians would prove the Magazine for trade of all the Oriental parts of the World (as of late Ormus in Persia was so accounted, and at present with us in Europe Amsterdam or Holland is held in that estimation. And great possibility there is (in my simple opinion) that what Prince soever of Christendom is once really possessed and seated in strength in that brave fruitful and pleasant Island (by computation three times as big as England) may with ease be Emperor or sole monarch of East India, with all her multitude of rich and large kingdoms, which no doubt but the eyes of many Princes of Europe are fixed upon it, but that great disturbance in most parts thereof (as at present unhappily in England) do hinder and give impediments to their wished designs, which in zeal to God's glory, my gracious sovereign his honour, and my native Country its welfare and prosperity: I from the bottom of my heart wish that some more learned and persuasive pen then mine rude and ignorant, might prevail with his gracious Majesty King Charles, the right Honourable high Court of Parliament, and all true hearted able persons of Nobility, Gentry, &c. to take in hand though in these obstructive times to adventure each man some small proportion of means throughout this kingdom, which though but small to every particular person, yet no doubt would amount to a considerable sum of money, sufficient to undergo that action as a business of state, which for the better accommodation therein, that plantation may be served for a time withal necessaries both for back and belly, and also superfluity out of India, for one fourth part of a penny, or three parts of four cheaper than out of England to other plantations in America, as far distant (if I be not deceived) from England as that Country is from India or further. That I may give such advice and encouragement as my weak capacity shall conceive, I will descend to some particulars.   

CHAP. II. The country's situation under the tropic of Capricorn the healthfulness of the Country, Augustine's bay a chief and excellent harbour for multitude of ships, the pleasantness and fertility of the Country, a second land of Canaan or a paradise of the world, the Portugals rich trade to Mussambeg on the coast of Malindia.  
ANd first to the situation of the place, I mean Augustine Bay, the chief harbour in that island, it is seated and placed near the tropic of Capricorn, in 23 degrees of South Latitude. The Country is (as all those parts so near the Line are) hot, but yet in my opinion not so hot as Surrat in India, which lieth in 21 degrees north latt. near the tropic of Cancer, during my abode there above three months, in June, July, August and September, 1630. I could ever endure to wear an English suit, and that of cloth, which I could never so well brook in India, and is of so healthful condition or constitution, that in almost four months of our abode there, being about 460 persons in two ships the Charles and the Jonas, we did not bury one man in all that time (nor to my knowledge) was there any sick, and besides the Company we met with four ships out of England at that place, which continued with us making merry, refreshing and feasting about three weeks, in which ships could not be less (by my computation) then 600 men at least, and also another ship that came with us out of India, and abode with us a longer time, and departed from us to return into India three or four days or some short time before the English fleet came in, containing in her 150 men, yet not one of all these great numbers died or were sick during their abode there to my best remembrance. That haven that we all anchored in is called Augustine's Bay, a very large and safe harbour for Shipping (which skilful seamen can describe better than myself) and may contain (by report of some) 1000 or more or many hundred sail of ships in good and sure hold for Anchoring, of great depth within a bow shoot of shore or thereabouts. The Country about the Bay is pleasant to the view, replenished with brave woods, rocky hills of white marble and low fertile grounds: what is within the land I can say little having never been above a mile from the sea side, but many of our men which have straggled further have given their good report thereof, as also the fame and report of others that have either read or heard of the riches of this Country, that the same aboundeth with mines of Gold and Silver and other minerals: moreover that in the Island is a large plain or champion country of Meadow or Pasture ground as big as all England: which if it be so, which I am somewhat doubtful of for the large extent, yet without question very large in many places, must by reasonable consequence afford multitude and variety of fowls and Beasts and other creatures for food, clothing, necessary use and delight, and no doubt but such low grounds affordeth also store of large and small Rivers, Tanks and Ponds replenished with multitude of good Fish, water fowls, &c. and it is apparently manifest or very probable by the quantity of brave fat Oxen, Cowes, sheep and Goats brought down and fold unto us by the natives for refreshing so many people, that the Country is very fertile, selling us brave fat Oxen for about eight, nine or ten pence an ox, worth by computation in England, six, seven, eight, or ten pounds an ox, and after that rate for Goats and sheep or a little dearer, they sold also good Capons for three half pence or two pence a piece, and excellent good oranges and lemons reasonable, and the common men drank good store of milk (though out of their Callibasses not very cleanly) (the Bay or creek near the Bay) affordeth us store of excellent Fish of many sorts as Pikes, Mullets, Breames and many others which I cannot call to mind their names: and shellfish, as Crawfish, Shrimps, prawns and some Lobsters and some Oysters, and sure the place affordeth abundance and variety of shellfish of strange sorts, as appeareth by the abundant divers shapes of of their shells curious to behold, and the shells of esteem in England, by John Tredescant and Master Slade dwelling about Lambeth, who treasured up such to please curious people, and to adornish rocks and water-works in gardens of great persons, of which sort Master Slade had of me (gratis) some quantity. And without all question, this Country far transcends and exceeds all other Countries in Asia, Africa and America, planted by English, French, Dutch, Portugal and Spaniards: and is likely to prove of far greater value and esteem to that Christian Prince and Nation that shall plant and settle a sure habitation therein, than the West Indies is to the King and kingdom of Spain. And it may well be compared to the land of Canaan that floweth with milk and honey, a little world of itself adjoined to no other land within the compass of many leagues or miles, or the chiefest paradise this day upon Earth.  
This gallant Island of Madagascar doth afford these several rich commodities as followeth, 
Mr. Lloyd's Intelligence.  ambergris, Gold, (the old Earl of Denbigh brought from this Island of Madagascar Gold land, which he presented to the King's Majesty and the council board, and I was at the council board, when this Gold sand was in question and approved of) And there is also Tortle shells, which do sell at Surrat for twelve shillings per pound: Copper, aloes Cicatrina, excellent good Rice, Honey and Wax, dragon's blood, divers rich Gums, Ebbany, Sandle wood, Cohooe wood, which doth sell at Surrat for four pence per pound; Tamerin, and divers rich Drugs: you may get by slaves of both sexes and timber either to Persia or else to Moco in the red sea 50000 pounds per annum, and your slaves will put you to little charges, for they do live upon rice and water. This Island of Madagascar is about nine hundred miles in length. There is many Kings upon this Island, the south part of it lies in 25 degrees and 35 min. and the Northern part short of the equinoctial the inhabitants goes handsome in their accoutrements, and speak the Arabian Tongue, and they have Juncks which they Trade to and fro to the four Islands which lies about thirty leagues off, viz, Joanna, Malalo, Combro and the Majottes: and to the Coasts of Malindia. The Island of Saint Laurence is a gallant place for to have a Magazine or rendezvous, for the Coast of Malindia lies off this Island forty or fifty leagues. The Portugals hath a great fortification at Mussambeg therein, and upon these coasts the Portugals get most of their riches, and drives all their Trade in India, otherwise it was impossible for them to hold out so long, because of their great loss both by the English and Dutch. The Portugals drives such a gallant Trade upon this Coast from 26 degrees south latitude to 3 degrees north latitude, they get great store of Gold, Elephants teeth, Wax, ambergris and divers sorts of rich Gums and comodities, which cost the Portugals a very small matter, for they trade with Knives, bells, Pentathoes, Barbars-aprons, course Calicoes, looking-glasses, &c. I have been taking of a junk twenty eight years since which came from this coast of Malindia, laden with elephant's teeth, ambergris and rich Gums. The Portugals coming from Mussambeg and bound for India, they always touch at the Island of Saint Laurence and there they buy slaves for their plantation. I have been about seaventeen years since taking of a Junck which was laden with slaves of both sexes and sandal wood which came from Mussambeg and so to Saint Laurence and their laden, and bound for Goa, as we found by a Portugal pass.  
If I may be worthy to advice, after a trade is once settled at Madagascar, what a brave gallant trade may be had upon the coast of Malindia three or four small ships may be employed all the year long, coasting and trading along the coast from 26 degree south latitude to 3 degrees north latitude, and putting off course Indian commodities may lade your ship with rich Commodities much acceptable and vendable in those parts, so that you need not to carry any money out of England into India.   

CHAP. III. Hogs in Malinda have stones in their maws as precious as rich jewels, the affection of the inhabitants to our Nation above all others, Portugal friars slain to accompany the King of Madagascar at his death to heaven, great store of wildo foul and turkeys, the Envy of the East India Company against a plantation may give the better encouragement thereunto: no Gold Silver nor any rich commodity of so high esteem in Madagascar as red Cornelian Beads.  
THe East India Company they have sent out about twenty five years since Elephants teeth in the ship by me, for the elephant's teeth is in great request all over India, the Portugals do put 2000 Tuns yearly off which they get on the coast of Malindia: also on this coast there are many wild Hogs, and in the maws of them there grows stones which the Portugals calls Petra le Porkco, which is mighty in request and esteem in all India and Asia for expelling of poison. The like thing is not to be had in the world for that purpose, for your Beazor stone is not in that request by many degrees (and little esteemed of in those parts) for the Portugals do drive a very great Trade in India and Asia by this excellent gem which they call Petra le Porkco. I have read of it, and likewise in a Manuscript of the Right Honourable Sir Thomas Row when he was employed Lord ambassador by His Majesty King James into the East India for to settle the Trade for the East India Company in those Oriental parts, wherein he doth write far more at large then I do express. It is conceived by divers wise men where these Hogs are on the coast of Malindia, that the soil is very good; and that it doth afford excellent good grass, herbs, fruits and drugs, which is the chief cause of the extraordinary goodness and virtue of the stones which grows in the said Hogs maws, which is in that great esteem and request all over India and Asia that none can parallel it. This said coast of Malindia is near adjoining to Madagascar: likewise there is above 1500 Tuns of Wax yearly which is brought from the coast of Malindia to India which is in great request, rich Gums and divers sorts of Drugs, also the Portugals bring great store of very fine Gold and ambergris from Mussambeg to Goa.  
So that all the world may understand what rich Trade the Portugal hath on the coast of Malindia, and hath for this many hundreds of years maintained a very strong Garrison at Mussambeg, for their is 100 pieces of Ordnance in their Castle. I am confident the richest and best trade the Portugal hath in Asia cannot parallel this on the coast of Malindia, furthermore if Saint Laurence Island had once a plantation set led, what a brave gallant place of commerce there would be: for this Island doth stand in the very centre of the World for trade, ye may build small ships, for their is good store of Timber, for the Natives do build Juncks of 200 Tuns a piece at the northermost part of this Island.  
The Country people do love and much affect our Nation. And one Andrew Pela who is one of their Kings living near the bay of Augustine (did offer both to captain Weddle and myself, if we would come and live with them, that they would let us have so much land that would serve or maintain one hundred thousand men) we had this King aboard the ship Charles and made much of him, and gave him a present at his return. In this King's discourse we found how cruel the Portugals had been to them, coming a shore and carrying men, women and children perforce away: they cannot endure the Portugals, telling me how they did betray them with pictures.  
At any time when our seamen do show a picture for to truck for a sheep or the like, they will start back and run away crying out, Portugals, Portugals, Portugals, for they cannot endure Images. But at the northermost part of this Island, there were Priests and friars which did live with them for a time, thinking to convert them: the King of that place departed this life, the Natives of that Country put the friars and Priests to death, telling them the reason before they put them to death, because they were religious men, that they must prepare themselves to die, for to keep the King company to God, this trick they put upon the Portugals for they are generally hated, I dare say no man can give a better or perfecter account than myself, I have failed round about this Island, and have been a shore five several times, and for the commerce I was the man that did deal for all (or whom I should appoint in my absence) because we would keep to our price and not to underrate our dainty commodities, which is the long Cornelions: which five or six do purchase an ox worth here in England ten twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen or sixteen pounds an ox, fifteen good sheep for the value of nine pence; I have caused the Steward of the ship to weigh the rump of a sheep after it was slayed and it weighted thirty pounds odd ounces.  
The tropic of Capricorn lieth 23 degrees 30 minutes south latitude of Augustine bay, where our ships ride is just under. In this bay there is three banks very good ground to anchor upon, and many sail of ships may ride in fifteen fathom water very secure; for I have a draught of the bay.  
There is good store of refreshing, Fish, Flesh, and foul, I gave leave to one of our men to lie a shore one night, for to kill foul that comes to roost towards the evening in the woods, he killed 35 wild turkeys in one night, for there is great store of wild fowl, the place is very healthful, I have been there when we have come out of Europe, five ships together, we have landed at the bay 80 sick men, and about 40 of them was lifted in blankets out of the ships into the boats and so carried a shore, for they were not able to go nor stand, and after they had been but three days a shore, they were all well and able both to go and run, and at this bay I have been many times, there is good watering and wooding that our carpenters did cut down good timber and sawed and made both planks and boards, which was used aboard our ships, I have been seven miles up in the land from the bay. I did present Mr. Endymion Porter with some novelties which I got at this bay of St. Augustine's (viz) Turtle shells which he promised to make himself combs with them, also I gave him some dragon's blood and divers sorts of other gums, after which he sent his coach for me and carried me to the council board, and Prince Rupert was there at that time, and I did deliver my opinion at that time (and since) which business was concluded upon and past the Broad seal for the conclusion, for the Island of St. Laurence.  
Sr. Maurice Abbot, Alderman Garway, and four more of the East India Company did oppose this business of Madagascar at the council board, saying this Island was very unhealthful, which I, Mr. John Cartwright and Bartholomew Churchman did justify, that the said Island of St. Laurence was the healthfullest place in the world, and the East India company were blamed for disparaging this Island, &c.  
The Northern part of this Island is brave good ground and grass, and better harbour for shipping than Augustine bay, and there is the best commodities to be had. Rice, Sugar great store, Coconuts, Plantans, Pomgranets, Woshee, which we call in India Toddy, and fine good building for their houses, and fine traffack to and fro with their Junks; I have failed two days and a half about three or four leagues from the shore, we sounded & we had twelve fathoms water, we sailed in this two days and half two hundred and thirteen miles, from the northermost part towards the southern part of this Island; & in this distance it did appear to be curious dainty pasture ground, green and full of trees, and fine low level grounds: this I will justify upon my credit; likewise there do lie off this Island many small spots, rocks and small Islands, between St. Laurence Island and Mauricious; and there is a great current which doth set you to the westward.  
For the inhabitant of this Island of Madagascar, 
R. B. his intelligence.  without question it is well peopled (though about the sea side we saw not above by computation 200 or 300) which live not there continually as we supposed by their ill accommodated houses, or booths made of boughs and sticks, small and low like hogsties or calves coops; the people are affable and courteous unto us, whatsoever they are unto others; and finding our men straggling abroad and not knowing the way back to the ships, would peaceably conduct them back to their tents and rendezvous, (but yet its dangerous to trust them two far) for experience hath taught our nation, the treachery of the savages in Virginia and new England etc, yet 10 or 12 of our men made motion to our admiral Captain John Weddall, of their willingness to abide there until more shipping came to discover the country, if so be he would furnish them with arms and necessaries but he and the rest (Chief in the fleet) thought it not good to adventure them, although the natives desired Captain Weddall to abide there and be their King and governor; and to take their parts in battle against other savages which they accounted their enemies.  
They live as we conceive by tribes or families, and the eldest are most in esteem with them, and their captain was Andream Pela the chief of note at the sea side, who sold us but reasonable cattle at our forementioned prizes; but our long abode there caused more (further inland men) to come down and to trade with us, bringing us better cattle at cheaper rates, with Capons, oranges and Leamonds, which before we wanted, and his name was Massy Chora, whom Andream Pela would have had us to make war against, telling us he came to rob them of their treasure and jewels, being Indian red cornelion beads, both round and long squared, which are of most precious esteem with them, slighting Gold, Silver, brass, Iron, or other metals, or glass beads, or coral, or Amber beads, or any other toys, unless they may have them gratis.  
These long red cornelion beads etc, must be provided before hand in India, or else the people that come thither for refreshment or for plantation, must not expect their accomodable and desired refreshments. At our voyage outwards we wanted them, and could get none or very few cattle, and they old and lean, for silver and coral beads of forty times the value of cornelions, which they call at St. Laurence Haranga, and were to be bought in India for eight shillings or ten shillings per hundred or there abouts, for which, about six, seven, or eight of them a fat ox as a foresaid might be bought, but at our return we were well furnished with them and wanted not for them, excellent sustenance for ourselves, and the four English ships that met with us, which otherwise they must have missed of their refreshment, and have been forced as we were outward bound to sail to the Islands of Commoro, Joanna or Malala, where of a savage nation about 200 leagues distant, we were forced to buy worse cattle for forty or fifty shillings a piece, in royals of eights, than a St. Laurence for a few beads as aforesaid.   

CHAP. iv. The comeliness of the Natives though naked, yet personable and of pleasant countenance, their weapons not dangerous or of great annoyance, their small use and unskilfulness in labour or manufacture, great probability of sugar and spices at Madagascar, the praise of the Island comparable with the land of Canaan.  
THe Inhabitants both Men and Women are of a comely feature in person, and amiable countenance as in many places of Europe, only black, or rather tauney, naked and without clothing, only a small covering to hide their shame, by a girdle or skin about their loins, or a rag or clout tacked in before and behind between their legs to hide their nakedness, unless some chief women amongst them, having a piece of striped Cahico cloth or pintado tacked about their loins and reaching down to their knees or shorter. Their Haranga or Cornelion beads, they wear about their necks and in their ears, stringed so long that they reach below their breasts, or lower, according to their abilities, some having more choice clear red cornelion than others, whereof in their bargains they are very choice to pick out the most clearest & freest from spots; their hair both of men and women is decently cut, and formed not much unlike to our Cavalero fashion at present in England, short before, long on the sides and longest of all behind, which both short and long being plaited or breaded as gentle women, hath their hair in three plaits, becometh them well, and they have on the tops of their heads a parcel of hair almost or about half a foot long standing upright by tying or rolling it about with a thread or silk, or some kind of string.  
Their weapons are darts of several sorts, some bigger and some lesser, some broad and pointed like lances, and some lesser bearded like fish hooks or broad arrow heads; which the smaller that are bearded I have seen them dearth fish swimming in a shallow place of the sea near the shore, and by a line tied to their dart drawn them up out of the water; they also have knives long and narrow but not fit to stab withal but rather to cut withal as a bill, but of these I saw not many, not above two or three, but of darts some men may and do carry with them of both sorts half a dozen or there abouts, but few that carry above one two or three which are not dangerous, unless at a near distance, and yet cannot come with that violence or swiftness but may be avoided by stepping aside or by putting by with a staff or the like; and their bodies being naked are subject to all annoyance of the like or better arms of offence. There heads being uncovered and the morning's cold until about eight of the clock or later, they hover together about fires which they quickly kindle, by taking of a small round stick no bigger than a tobacco pipe, at the middle or thicker end, which set with one end upon a broad piece of wood or chip, and rolling the longer round stick hard in the palms of their hands upon the other piece of the wood the heat thereof presently kindleth fire, which with other dry combustible stuff ready at hand they kindle a fire to warm them, or to dress their meat, which is very slovenly, taking it cut out of an ox, with the head of a great dart (with which they will quarter an ox presently, and hit the joints so justly as it is not to be conceived, unless a man saw it) and lay their pieces a little upon the coals, and eat it better half raw, and full of ashes, yet some I think they seeth, for I have seen among them a kind of pots or kettles, which whether of earth or mettle (being very black) I cannot tell, for I never handled them, and whether made in the Country or brought unto them by Portugals or some heathen nation is uncertain. The fat or suet of their cattle they save, and the better sort of them rub their heads and hair every morning therewith, which lieth in lumps upon them until the heat of the Sun melt it, and then it moisteneth their heads and descendeth over their bodies, which they also grease or anoint, and those of the better sort that do so their bodies are smooth, plump and decent, but strong of smell, and they that want that means are the poorer sort or slaves among them have their bodies of an ill aspect, dry and scurvy, parched with the sun's heat, and feeding more hard and coarsely, (of what we know not but of dirty guts or puddings) have their bellies swollen as if they had the dropsy: and though they have good store of fat cattle yet the poorer sort of people are very hungry, for they will lie about our tents and gather up the worst scraps we cast away, and in their Cannowes will lie about the ships calling out for Tellahenna and Tellaffunga (as I take it meat and bread) which the mariners and others for their disport will fling them out neat's feet which they regard not, and dry marrow bones or the like which will speedily sink, for which they will suddenly leap out of their boats and dive a great depth after them and bring them up in one hand, their Cannowes or boats are made of one piece of timber long and narrow like a hog's trough, upon the upper part whereof they fasten two sticks a cross, their boats half a yard or more from each end, about two yards long or longer, and upon each side to meet with the ends of these staves or sticks they fasten two more which stay up their boats from overturning and do so leak that they sit in water, and continually ladeth out water, and one or two more sit therein with little paddles not much bigger than shittle cockbattle-dores to row with all.  
They make little use of labour or manufactures, and those of small value, I have seen a carpenter (for so I may term him) making a Cannow or a boat of a piece of timber like a hog's trough (as aforesaid) having no better a tool than a little axe, such as children or youth may play withal, the Iron or bit thereof not above two inches bread which must needs make long labour. I have also seen a Smith at work to make dart heads in a strange manner, having no other tool that I could see but only a stone for the anvil and an other for his hammer; and for his bellows two hollow canes about three quarters of a yard long, and about the thickness and roundness of a man's leg or thigh, which being placed together close to a little fire, with small holes to let the wind out at the bottom; they had to drive the wind out two staves like churme staves, wrapped about half the length of the staves at the bottom, with a sheep or goat's skin the wool side outward, (like a sponge as gunner's at sea use to wipe their guns and make them clean) which being lifted up and pressed down again forces out the wind as aforesaid. And also as I remember I saw one weaving as if it had been our poor people or beggars in England, sitting in high ways weaving course tape, so he weaved narrow striped stuffs of cotton yearn about a quarter of a yard broad, which I suppose they sew two or three breadths together to make coverings for the better sort of people their shame or nakedness. Where they have their materials is uncertain, whether gotten in the Country, or brought unto them by Portugals or other Nations, what other food they have besides F●esh and Fish, as corn Rice and other sorts of Craine is doubtful, yet there we saw some of them have some small quantities of Rice and Gravanee (so called in India) which are a kind of smaller sort of Beans, and of much use for diet in India, and in the English house at Surrat they eat them being young, buttered instead of green Pease, but are not so pleasant as our pease when they grow old or at the worst. I have also seen some at one time knawing and suck green sugarcanes, which is a certainty that sugarcanes grow there, and perhaps quantity of Sugar may be made thereof, and no doubt but vines are in the Country, for I have seen some wild Vines growing upon the rocky hills in Augustine Bay, some of our people have said that they have heard it from the Portugals that the Country doth afford Pepper and other Spices, which our English also do assume who have been far within the land, failing some day's journey in a large navigable River, where they met as they reported many people offering them cattle for a half or one forth part the price we paid for them at Augustine Bay, and having showed the Natives Pepper, Cloves, Mace and Nutmegs, they made show to them of store in that Country, certain days journey or nights sleeps distant, by winking and putting their heads under their hands, and pulling them back again, they report also of large plain pastures and meadows replenished with cattle of all sorts, Beeves, sheep and Goats feeding thereon, and without all question the Country lying in or near the same degree of Lattitude or distance form the Line as India, doth produce the same fruits, as coconuts Plantans musk-melons and other pleasant Millions as great as our English Pumpeons, and also the Toddy trees which produce as good liquours as white wine and sugar, with which in regard of the cheapness thereof in India, our English & Dutch mariners drink so much of it as to be often drunk or foxed therewith. The Country extends itself in length from about II & half degrees south lat. to 26 degrees. In which large extent it comprehends many famous Countries that lie either under the Line, or under or near both Tropics, and so by consequence must in likelihood (or rather assured probability) participate of the fertility, pleasure and wealth of them all; if not antecede transcend and superabound them all, being indeed the paradise of the World, especially being once inhabited with Christians or civil people, skilful in Agriculture and manufactures, and all sorts of Mecannick labourers and handicrafts.  
In further commendation thereof I will make bold (I hope, without offence) to extol it as Moses did the land of Canaan, it's a good land, a Land in the which Rivers of waters and fountains spring out of valleys and mountains, a Land of Wheat and Barley, of Vineyards, of figtrees and Pomgranets, a Land of oil Olive and Honey, a Land wherein thou shalt eat without scarcity, neither shalt lack any thing therein, a Land whose stones are Iron, and out of whose Mountains thou shalt dig brass.   

CHAP. V. The Idolatrous worship of God, or the devil, the Natives addicted to theft and robbery. A project of the Bishops deposed to plant at Madagascar, Madagascar safeguard rasbly attained unto.  
THus in truth without dissimulation have I showed what my memory doth at present call to mind, having lost or given away such brief notes or papers which I had taken at my being there, yet one thing more I call to mind which I may not forget, touching their manner of Idolatry or devilish Worship and Sacrifice, which some of our people conceives was rather to the Devil (not to hurt them) then to God; but I am not altogether of their opinion, but rather think the contrary, by their feasting and rejoicing a little before our departure, as a kind of thanksgiving to their Idol God or Gods, for the benefit they accrued by the trading they had with us, and praying for our prosperity and often return as some were opinionated, the circumstance I will declare as brief as I can and as my memory doth best serve me; one morning the savages killed an ox (and I do not remember that I did see or hear that during our abode there that they killed many other) and a post about eight or nine foot high was set up near their booths upon which the head and horns of the Bullock were placed and the post all daubed with the blood thereof & the ox cut out and divided among the better sort of them and eaten half raw and half broiled upon coals and full of ashes, and whether before or after their feast (for I have forgotten) they came out of the woods from their booths into a plain a bow shoot or two from their habitation, where were stuck up in a row about 50 or 60 great poles as big as the bigger fort of Hop-poles, all the bark peeled off and made white and were placed by computation about four yards a funder and between every pole about three foot distance a stone about the bigness of a great Turnip or Apple placed in a straight row and in the middle of the poles a cross pole laid about a yard or an ell high whereon they hanged all or many of their Chains of Beads or Haranga and near unto having their altar of beads (as I termed it) before them sat all the Ancient Men Women and Children, and on the other side of the altar and poles was two Companies of young men about 20 or 30 or more in a company, each having a dart in his hand and ranked as I take it by three in a rank or row, each Company being distant from the other about 4 or 5 rods or more, being thus set in a comely posture they sang and danced keeping even strole and action with their feet and hands according to their tune, (as I have seen in a market town in the Country where I was borne, divers Gentlemen, &c. associated together having for their pleasure a noise of musicians playing before them with every one a cypress hatband (then in fashion) put over their faces dance the measures through the Market, and chiefest streets in the town, (and so into an inn and Tavern to make merry together,) these savages keeping as even measure proportionably to their sound or singing as the other do to their music.  
And in many postures of their dancing they would make show of fight or defiance one company against the other, presenting their darts against each other, and sometimes again of a sudden both sides gathering themselves into a round ring and laying their heads together as at a consultation, and then suddenly again fall into their posture of danceing as decently as a company of trained soldiers into their several postures, and each party had of their side a Trumpeter sounding with a confused harsh noise, a large crooked ram's horn.  
Their Priests (as I call them of one which I bought a book as aforementioned) laying their fore fingers upon one of the strange shapes or characters therein, would preach or read a lecture or homily upon that text a good space, and then remove his finger to another, this feasting dancing or sacrificing was upon a sudden dissolved by reason the multitude of our men on shore who hearing of these sports, came flocking thither apace to see them, but the savages fearing (as I conceive) lest our men should rob them again of their Haranga, which they prized as dear as we do Diamonds and other rich Jewels; took them all from their altar and departed again to their tents or booths and so this exercise ended: yet a word or two concerning their justice or punishing of offenders, their chief Captain or Commander had lost out of his booth some of his Jewels which were found stolen by a young maid or girl belonging to an other man either his daughter or slave, the Father or Master of the maid to clear himself as innocent of the fact, took his lance or great dart and presently slew the girl (surely it was not his own daughter but rather his slave, else though a Barbarian, he could not have been so cruel to his own flesh and blood); and this may give some testimony that they have some kind of government or law among them: but yet they are addicted to theft and robbery, is again apparent; for when they met our men in the woods although they did them no harm, yet they would search their pockets for beads and rob them of them, and yet bring them down to their ships when they could not well tell how to find the way.  
And myself standing among our ships Pursers and others, buying cattle for the ships provision, and having a chain of beads in my hand, a young man snatched at them to have gotten them from me but missed of his purpose and ran away, but one of our men in company standing by shot an arrow after him but missed him, and we never saw his face again.  
It is great pity so pleasant and plentiful a Country should not be inhabited with civil people or rather Christians; and that so brave a Nation of person and countenance (Only black or tawny) should be so blindly lead in their devotions being as some suppose Mahometans in regard of their manners and customs of circumcision, or rather as some suppose descended from Abraham by his Wife, or Concubine, Keturah, whose children begotten of her because they should not be a let or impediment to the promised seed by Isaac: Abraham did send them away to inhabit in the East (as Scripture mentioneth,) A happy thing it were both for them and this kingdom if that project had or should go forward which a Gentleman of Huntington shire bred a Merchant, in love told me & he heard of it from others (or rather as I understand it from Bishop Moretans own mouth) that if the Bishops of England (lately dismissed from voting in Parliament, and tyrannising in temporal authority) should still continue in disrespect with King and Parliament, they or most part of them would go and plant a Colony in Madagascar, or in Saint Laurence, and endeavour to reduce those ignorant souls to Christianity; which God grant that by them or others such a pious design may speedily take effect, and that there may be among Christians there seated, more harmonious concord in Religion then in Virginia (by report) hath lately happened, where disagreeing in points of Religion as at present unhappily in England they have taken up arms one side against the other, and slain of themselves or killed by the Natives 1700 which is doubted the Virginians will make use of such dissension and cut all their throats on both sides, and so the loss unrecoverable to this kingdom, of that famous plantation; and excellently accommodated, after 40 or 50 years, or more hard durance of many the first Planters, (which God forbid) and grant better news to succeed; and that these Countries already planted and this most hopeful at Saint Laurence may be special receptacles and succours to truly religious English Protestants, if it shall please God to punish the Nation for the crying sins thereof, by the prevalence of Malignants tyrannous Papists which God avert. By loss of my papers, and notice taken therein of things convenient to the furtherance of a Plantation at Saint Laurence, I am deprived of some good parts of their language or speech, which in my conceit was not difficult to attain; but perusing an old table book I found some few words of their language, penned down for my remembrance, which are somewhat difficult at present to read, being 14 years ago written in such imperfect Manuscript.  
Yet I thought it not amiss to pen down what I have lately found, which with the help of others especially of one William Casey late Purser of an Indian ship, who took more pains therein then myself (if his papers can be found) will give some light therein to the help of others that will endeavour to attain the knowledge thereof; the particulars which I have now found I will here manifest so well as I can.  

Viz (nooroon no zeff) how call you this.  
Tona a man.  
Codez a woman.  
Tope a child.  
Coma a house.  
Ose or Angomba a cow.  
Goose a sheep.  
Cowhee bread.  
Camba water.  
Bingta or Sooa the head.  
Nunqua the eye or ear.  
Toee the nose.  
Umqua or song the lips.  
Coonqua or Niffa the teeth.  
Goma or Soca the chin.  
Coaqua or Effena the arm.  
Cabed the elbow.  
Unaqua or Tanga the hand.  
Hongko the finger.  
Chamkee or Noeno the breast.  
Oncoma the neck.  
Hicuma or Toa the belly.  
Coa or Ungoote the knee.  
No or Vote the leg.  
Iqua or Kambo temba the foot.  
Hica or Vota the yard or virill.  
Charaqua the cod.  
Anatnicke the little finger.  
Voylee the buttock.  
Lemboshe the back.  
Sowkee the shoulder.  
Mise yea.  
Maligna a root that smells sweet and is like a bulrusb.  
Moade a chain of small beads.  
Voyla hair.  
Maca an eye.  
Saffee an ear.  
Leela the tongue.  
Hoho the thumb.  
Fala tanga the palm of the hand.  
Choroqua the nails of the hand.  
Syra salt.  
Humeray tomorrow.  
So a pot.  
Pingbara a gun.  
Vyra a sword.  
Fajaro a little dart.  
Leffo or Mura a lance or great dart.  
Caba a bat or cap.  
Lomba clothes.  
Memma a cloak or skin.  
Hoboqua shoes or slippers.  
Aqua an arrow.  
Fenga or Talle a rope.  
Siffe a knife.  
Hicha a bow.  
Hehoo a turn spit.  
Acuto to dart.  
Renova milk.  
Hihoo a small fish.  
Longora a great fish.  
Hirhoree brass.  
Chichata or Ruttee nought.  
Chara good.  
Longasba a good man or friend.  
Laga Rattee a bad man or foe.  
Cheruse nay.  
Calibus a bottle cup or basket.    

CHAP. VI. Great encouragement to the plantation, the cheapness of clothing or apparel to be bad out of India for the use of the planters, the rich attire for persons of quality to be had there exceeding cheap, all sorts of herbs roots fruits and fowls to be bad in plentiful abundance in Madagascar, trees yielding great store of pleasant liquour nothing inferior to wine and sugar in England, the excellent virtue of India Mirabolins.  
TO the furtherance of this renowned plantation, these advantageous comodities, benefits, and accommodation as followeth (far above other plantations) are inducements sufficient to persuade pious virtuous rich men and others that desire the advancement of God's glory, the honour of their sovereign Prince the the welfare of their own native Country, the inrichment of themselves and their posterity and the charitable relief of God's poor Elect upon Earth to enterprise this worthy action.  
And in the first place the Country is healthful and pleasant, Secondly its already of itself furnished with most chief things necessary to sustenance of man's life, especially, beef Mutton goat's Poultry Fish and fowl. Thirdly it affordeth Oxen for present tillage (the chiefest of all wants in all other plantations) which no other hath done or affordeth. fourth it is as near or nearer to India then other plantations to England, where all things either for necessity or superfluity are to be had for the fourth part of the price, and less than in England, or other Christian kingdoms; as Rice and excellent dainty food (as it is cooked in India) whereof Kings and great men daily eat with pleasure and contentment and never furset therein; Wheat Barley and other sorts of grain and good rack, and excellent strong drink made of Rice, which mixed with Sugar, water and Leamonds or surrop of limes, or drunk alone, all which are to be had exceeding cheap, with all manner of spices make, a pleasant, wholesome drink, surpassing any wine to be had in London of which good use may be made (though water there is more contentful, it being so good and better than in England) until beer made of malt by barley may be brought to perfection which may suddenly be affected as I shall show hereafter.  
Also from India may be had clothing fit for those warm Countries to maintain a man or woman neatly comely and cleanly for twenty shillings a year and under, nay I dare make it good for ten shillings a year, bedding exceeding cheap and dainty either for cotton wool, or silk cotton, far better and more desired then featherbeds, or down-beds, and coverlids (whereof in those warm countries they use but few) of all prizes and curiosities even fine dainty quilts for five shillings a piece, sheets and all sorts of linen so cheap and fine that no part of the World affords the like. Again good shirts whiter and finer for mean people at-eight ten or twelve pence a piece, and cheaper, and not so fine and white to be had in England for three or four times dearer in price (my self have worn no other these sixteen years of which six of three shillings a piece have lasted me continually three years together, of the like fineness not to be bought under twelve shillings a shirt or dearer in England, shoes of English fashion for sixpence a pair, and boots for two shillings a pair, caps or mountei●s light and easy, and far better than stiff heavy hats made of satin and taffeta, fine painted linen, &c. quilted or inbroydered much cheaper than hats.  
The better sort of people that affect to clothe themselves, wives and children in rich gentile fashion, may do it of satin taffeta wrought damask black, or coloured, and rich stuffs mixed with gold & silver thread: at cheaper rates than with our cheap English cloth or stuffs. Jewels of all sorts, Pearls Diamonds and other rich stones with curious bracelets for Gentlewomen; and others of crystal agate, Jasper, Cornelion, red and white, and Elutropian stones, &c. cheap, with rings and pendants of the same, so cheap that I have sold that in England (to be sold again by Exchange men and Goldsmiths) for five or ten shillings a ring or pendant which have not cost me in India above a penny or two pence per ring or pendant; likewise Estredges feathers, for womens' fans or for use of Gentlemen, captains, soldiers, and other uses, &c. with curious paper or leather fans guilded and painted; with brave Cabanets of Ivory, Ebony, and Sandall wood, &c. artificially inlaid with mother of pearl, Aggets and other stones and Ivory, so cheap as cannot be imagined, with all dainty purfumes of Civic, musk, Amber-grease (and rose water in abundance) extraordinary cheap; which I hope will induce Lords, Ladies, Knights Gentlemen, Gentlewomen, Farmers, Artificers and Manufactors to put on a resolution to undergo a pleasant easy votage of three or four months; which Portugal's, Dutch, Danes, &c. have undertaken, to far remoter parts at great danger and hazard to plant themselves, and in no comparison for profit and pleasure with Madagascar or Saint Laurence. I pray God the King's Majesty and the State of this kingdom may take it into speedy consideration, lest they be prevented by some other Nation (who no doubt have curious eyes and intents to this design) as of late the right honourable the Earl of Southampton, and the noble Gentleman Mr. John Craven, brother to the right honourable the Lord Craven, who intending to send out ships and Planters to the Island of Mauritious beyond Saint Laurence, and had disbursed many thousand pounds to that intent, yet neglecting speedy opportunity the Dutch hearing of their honourable design made more speedy haste and prevented them, and have now planted in that Island to their great renown and accommodation (in time) and great loss to those honourable persons and this Nation.  
All sorts of fruits, herbs, roots and flowers (of great esteem in India) of what Nation soever, may be transported thither, and will assuredly grow in so rich and fruitful grounds, and for more speedy growth; if those transported out of Europe or England sail, at the first for want of skill to preserve the seed &c. in regard of the length of the voyage, yet those out of India (not above one fourth part of the way) may be brought good both to sow or to plant, as radish, lettuce, carrots, turnips, onions, and mustard seed, and many other of moreworth than these in England. And no doubt but this Island affords (if not may easily be transported thither) those excellent trees for good and pleasant liquour, drink, as Toddy and Palmito trees, which trees distil, by art taken from them plenty of excellent drink, no way inferior if not better than white wine and sugar, especially the Palmito wine; but the Toddy wine (except some of the best sort) tasteth as if it did come out of horns, & therefore (if not there already) may be transported the Coco nut tree, which yieldeth a nut as big as a child's head, whose kernel is excellent meat, and of that fruit is made also oil, vinegar and other dainties, and the tree itself yields thread or yarn fine and course, to make ropes, cordage, cables for ships and many other uses. There may be also had many other trees of excellent fruits as Mirabolins, and Plantans, which our English term them Apples of paradise, wherewith the Serpent beguiled Eve, the Mirabolins and Plantans from the trees are far dantier in taste then our Apricocks, and what they are preserved, are well known to Confectioners and physicians, for health and pleasure. The plantain grows by clusters as a too or more or less together, as big as a large bean cod, and is so pleasant in taste, cutting it in small pieces, as parsnips to butter, men use to eat it continually at meals, with vinegar, pepper and salt, to abate the sweetness, and the tree being about the bigness of a reasonable Apple tree, bears no boughs but great leaves an ell long, or longer, and both leaves and body are excellent meat for Cowes, for the body is no harder than a well grown cabbage, and may be cut down by a good sword at a blow; two or three, myself have cut down many at Moalala to carry aboard the ship, to feed cattle that we bought their to preserve.  
There is five sorts of Mirabolins the one is like our Apricocks or great plum, 
Mr. Lloyd, his intelligence.  the stone is eight square, it is an excellent preserve and in great request, and sells very dear in Persia and elsewhere, the other four sorts is used in physic, the Doctors and Drugsters can tell the several names, virtue and quality concerning the four elements of man's body, in India there is some of these Marabolins worth fifty or a hundred pound a piece, which holding in the party's hand which is sick, will cure him of his disease suddenly or forthwith, either of the bloody flux and fever and two other diseases which I have forgotten.  
Now for to make it appear, the curious virtue of these four sorts of Marabolins which cures diseases holding them in the hand is thus; at the time of the year when they prune or land their trees they do cut off all the branches and boughs only one sprig left, and it is a hundred to one that the tree hears, for if one tree bears, a hundred will not but die, but commonly one in a hundred will bear: but one or two Mirabolins at the most will grow upon that one sprig of the tree, for all the virtue doth grow out of the tree into one or two Mirabolins, which are of the bigness of an Apple which will cure several diseases holding of one of these Mirabolins in the hand of the party which is sick. This is very true and certain, which divers Banian Doctors and Brahmins hath told me, they are very dear and scarce for to be had: for great men in the Country do buy them, if any of our English Doctors did but know the virtue of these great Mirabolins, they would be worth a thousand pounds a piece and it would be a present for a King.  
But for the four small sorts of Mirabolins are in great plenty in India and very cheap, for I bought three thousand weight after the rate of a sarthing a pound, and sold them here in England for three shillings four pence a pound by the great, which the Drugsters sells them for six shillings, eight pence per pound. I do believe their be divers trees of Mirabolins which do grow on the Island of St. Laurence, or else they may be easily planted, by reason the climate doth agree with India: for their be many sorts of trees, and plants, which grow in the Island of Madagascar which do grow in India; and equal of razed and goodness.  
The defect of camels, Horses, Asses, Mules, Elephants, Bussels, and Persia sheep (of high esteem in India,) may have their race or breed from Persia, and bred up in Saint Laurence; and (a more rich and fruitful Country) will yield a great price in India and brought to Saint Laurence by English or Indian shipping at cheap rates, a Horse in Persia, to be bought for 567 or 8 pounds is worth in India 20 30 40 50 or 60 pounds or more, according as they prove.   

CHAP. VII. The cheapness of all sorts of cattle and food at Madagascar, the turkeys before mentioned in Mr. Lloyd's intelligence are not so large and good as ours, and I rather account the Sa●ts or such like fowl but being all over speckled black and white our people give them the name of turkeys, the great benefit to be made by dairies at Madagascar, with the means to accommodate the making of butter and cheese in that hot Country, as also for powdering of beef and brewing of good beer.  
THe Persia sheep are of great price in India, and their skins are as soft as silk, and curiously curled, of mixed colour black and white, inclining to grey, are of great esteem in Christian cold Countries, I saw the Palsgrave or Prince Elector sitting at dinner in winter with his Majesty King Charles, having his coat lined with them, whereupon I sent to a friend in Persia to send me a few who sent me seven, which cost there about sixteen shillings a piece, which M. Ganthorne the King's Furrier seeing, would needs buy them of me, and gave me thirty three shillings a piece for them, and more I might have had it I would have urged him, which race once gotten and breed in so rich a country at no charge, must needs be very beneficial to the planters, besides the accommodation of their dainty flesh, better than any other mutton in the Eastern parts of the world, equal or better than our English mutton, having a curious meat in their great and weighty tails, weighing a stone two or three in weight, or more in some as I have heard reported. And Saint Laurence oxen. (especially white) to be bought there for twelve pence per piece or there abouts, would yield in India the larger sort twenty pounds per piece; myself had a couple of white Oxen in India to draw my Coach, for which I refused 45 pounds, and the tallow and skins of these Oxen to be transported for England costing nothing there, will redound to great profit of the planters. These Oxen and Cowes both of India and Saint Laurence, have bunches upon or between their shoulders, like Camm●●s, of dainty meat, like or as good and better than the brisket piece of a young calf, which weigheth three four or five stone a piece, according to the magnitude. The flesh of these Oxen is daintier and more pleasant than ours, cutting as white as veal: if a race of our English breed (and young calves) be carried thither they will there mightily improve, and in regard of their horns, far in beauty exceeding those in India, &c. and white will no question but out sell the Indian breed, especially if of Lancashire or the adjacent counties their breed; hogs they have plenty out of India for little or nothing, if the country affordeth none, for they regard them not accounting them polluted. But turkeys from England bred in Saint Laurence and their breed carried into India would be of great esteem, whereof many have assayed to transport, but failed either for want of good room to keep them in, or by negligent attendance, or killed to make meat for sick or dainty people in the voyage, yet in an English fleet that we met with at Saint Laurence at our return from India, I saw three or four preserved alive, rabbits and pigeons would do well to be transported for breed; but for pigeons India will afford store. And garden pease and beans and others, with oats and tares is not amiss to be transported for plantation, and would be of great esteem in India. Butter and Cheese to be made at Saint Laurence would be an excellent commodity for India, as well as for the Plantation, and shipping: and the country will afford them speedily cows enough to make it; but some may allege the country is too hot to make it good, or to make beer, or to powder beef; all which by art and industry of man I conceive may be holpen, to the furtherance whereof I will make bold to lend my weak advice (with desire of pardon if I err) but surely had I made another voyage into India, (which malice hath prevented me of) I would have made experience of these things, (and whatsoever I have before or shall hereafter in this discourse make mention of to that end) first to place a house in the coolest place they can find and most in shade from the sun, than the dairy house on the north or coolest side, under ground or in a vault or cellar, paved all with the coolest stones that can be had, and the sides thereof also, and if it be paved with stones from Ormus in Persia (whereof all the houses their are builded,) which stones beaten to powder is excellent good salt, perhaps may be most cool and befitting, and in the midst thereof a small tank or pond of running or standing water, if it can be near a river or well to have the water continually running fresh in though by a small stream, and so issuing out again the better; if not, it may be done as in India, almost in every house of note, to have water carried in leather sacks or barrels upon Oxens backs, and put into an earthen cistern, and from thence by pipes to issue forth in small streams into the tank, which if it be lower than the cistern, will be with more case effected. The top off the dairy house to be open, with a lower or open place as a turret or pigeon house top, so boarded every way with boards standing out at length to catch the wind and drive it down into their dairy houses to cool it, as the Cattanents (which I think the Portugals so call them) to let the air down into their chiefest rooms for coolness, of which I only saw the fashion at Ormus. And no question but many English who have seen the form thereof in Spain, Portugal, or other hot countries, can give good direction for the performance thereof.   

CHAP. VIII. The accommodation and means for dairies, brewing of beer and powdering of meat for the use of ships at sea, the means to make saltpetre cheaper than in India or elsewhere, all sorts of excellent materials for building to be had in Madagascar, poor artificers may live by their labours in all sorts of manufacture, out strip all Nations of the world for the price of their labour, trade and commerce to and from Madagascar will exceed in benefit all other.  
THe dairy house (or brew house especially for cooling the wort or liquour) this fitted, then round about the sides thereof leaving passage sufficient to go between the same and the tanks, shelves or strong board p'anks may be framed to place leaden troughs a foot or half a foot deep, or more or less as shall be found most convenient, placing the troughs half an inch or more in ascent or descent with a hole at one end to be stopped and opened at pleasure, to let out water to be put thereinto, with water let their be put a sufficient quantity of saltpetre proportionable to the troughs or vessels of water. In which troughs or vessels let the dairy woman set their milk pins of Earth, Wood, brass or any other mettle, or lead, as shall be found most convenient and necessary, which will keep their milk and cream so cool or cooler then in the English dairy houses; The experience whereof I have seen and is well known to India Merchants, by cooling of water to drink, for a a bottle of water set out a little while in a small tub of water cooled with saltpetre, will make the water in the bottle so cool that a man can hardly drink it, it will be so cool to the teeth almost to make the chops to chatter. And thus I think beef laid in salt in dry vessels of stone lead or other mettle set in saltpetre water, will keep it so cool, that it may easily take salt; and the coolers for wort in brewing of beer so ordered, may happily also cause good beer to be made, which if it can (as I am confident it may) be brought to pass, will be such an accommodation and benefit to the plantation both for its own use, and to transport butter and cheese into India, (where it is not good and but of final quantity, and the country not stored with many cows, which maketh it dear, also as dear or dearer then in England at highest rate) and of beef for victualling of ships to sea as the value will be inestimable.  
At the Island of Madagascar I do verily believe and am confident there may a good dairy be made and to make very good butter and cheese, 
Mr. Lloyd, his intelligence.  which will sell both well in India, Persia, Arabia, and all the South seas over, (in a hundred several places) likewise for victualling of ships, both English, Dutch, Danes and Portugals, and that Cheese which we carry out of Europe to India, the Banians do give us twelve pence per pound. At Moca in the Red Sea they do make very good cheese, like unto our English cheese, and there it is fa●re hotter than at the Island of Saint Laurence. But concerning salting of beef it will keep for three or four months, we have kept it but it will eat very dry, the reason is, because we press it with weights for to fetch out the blood, otherwise it will not keep. The best way to keep and preserve beef or Mutton, (is to make it into Jerkins) the flesh and meat which the Indians do carry for their sea store, which is cut in little pieces, like unto steaks, they first salt it a little, and so dry it in the sun, till it be so hard as glue, which will be so hard, and then you may carry it in baskets to sea, and water it about one hour before you boil it, and it will be so fresh as though it was newly killed. It will keep twelve months at the least, and far better for the healths of men's bodies, this is true to mine own knowledge and experience.  
Now to answer yet one objection that may be made, that saltpetre is dear, and will be so chargeable, that it will not quit the cost; to which I answer that saltpetre is cheap in India, worth a very small matter a hundred weight●, and will be transported into Saint Laurence for one fourth part or perhaps one eighth part of the charge it costeth by transporting the same in great quantities into England, and salt also is in India good cheap. Yet to lessen the charge thereof, both may be had exceeding cheap made in Saint Laurence, for myself have seen salt naturally made of itself, lying in the concaves and hollows of the rocky Hill in Augustine Bay, which the high water filling those concaves with salt water, and at the ebb when the sun hath power over it hath been converted into salt; moreover it seemed strange unto me, one accident there happening during our abode in that country. The English for their recreation had made a parcel of ground by much treading and playing at nine pins so bare, as a bowling alley or much traveled highway, and one day it chanced to rain, which rain stood in small puddles in some lower places of the alley, which the next day by the heat of the sun was converted into salt, brown as our bay salt here in England, and that by reason of the saltness of the earth in that place so near the sea, not a bow shoot from the same, which may be occasioned by overflowing of the same at some times of the year in that low ground, and the grass growing thereon is salt, which for my experience I have also tasted.  
Now if saltpetre may there be made of salt earth (as I take it is in England, which I have seen saltpetre men to taste of, to know thereby whether it were for their use or purpose or no,) then assuredly saltpetre may be made there for a trifle, having a dainty brook of of fresh water issuing out of the rock in the bay enough to turn a mill, if such fresh water be useful for steeping thereof (howsoever for other occasions it's exceeding useful and in especial for present use for the business before premissed, it issuing out of the rock eight or ten foot high or more, at low water may with ease and small charge be carried in pipes upon the land, within a stones throw thereof or nearer,) and there saltpetre may be made to send into England much cheaper than out of India, brought down to the Port Town a thousand miles and more upon camel's backs: and being a great deal nearer England, about a fourth part or the way, may be shipped home for less freight, especially by ships to convey planters into that Country, and there they may even at the first return lade perhaps hides and tallow which will not stand them in a penny, though for many thousands.  
For building in this brave Island there is abundance of good timber and stone, and no doubt but brick also may be made as well as in India and Persia, where many buildings are made of unburnt bricks dried only with the heat of the sun. And no doubt but in short time (being planted, diligent skilful men will find out there as well as in other the like and not so likely countries; Mines of Gold, Silver, brass, Lead, Iron, Tin and other minerals, with precious and costly drugs for physic, and allows we made there some; sold in London at six shillings eight pence per pound, and excellent materials for dyer's uses and multitude of other commodities that cannot at present be conceived. And the Country being well planted with Artificers and manufactors will outstrip all others in the world for manufactures (which though I should grieve to give encouragement to employ men therein, to the hurt of my native country and to the robbing the poor therein of their labour, yet being wrought there by our own natives, or by other slaves of Freemen, to the benefit of the English Planters, I do not conceive any wrong done to the commonwealth, and will draw a boundance of poor people into that, and disburden our own of many unnecessary idle vagrant people, which think themselves born for no other use but Natus consumere fruges, and and to live upon Industrous men's labours. But that's a business beyond my reach and capacity, and therefore leave it to the deep Judgement of judicious statesmen for (ne Sutor ultra crepidam.)  
These encouragements already mentioned, may induce all understanding and industrious, pious, Charitable men, to take opportunity to advance this unparalleled project yet much more, that which is yet behind to express, may animate them thereunto.  
And that is by the exceeding great profit to be made by Trade and Commerce to and from thence in all parts of the world, far transcending all Trade and Commerce elsewhere; For that country being once well planted and inhabited with Europian Christians, will draw Trade from all the Oriental parts of the world, as India, with her multitude of Rich and spacious Kingdoms, as also those large and rich dominions of Persia, Arabia, China, Achin, and the countries adjacent to Moco, Bagdat or Babylon in Perua, and will also draw Trade and Commerce from all the wealthy Europian Kingdoms, as England, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Italy, Denmark; the Low-countries and other Principalities, and prove the best and chiefest Magazine or storehouse both of exportation or importation of Trade, between all Europe and Asia, which must needs make that country rich and to flourish above other Kingdoms.  
And because I have gone thus far with my rude and unskilful Pen, to mention the benefit of Commerce in general. I will descend a little to particulars, to give some People better satisfaction: yet before I proceed therein, I will endeavour to clear myself of aspersion, which I expect will be cast upon me by the unworthy governor and Committees of the Honourable East-India Corporation, who I presume will tax me, of perjury and falsehood, to the same Honourable company, whereof myself am a Member, for discovering that which may prove hurtful or prejudicial to that worthy Society: (though unworthy government) as one already hath endeavoured though he shall never be able to make his accusation good, but by stirring therein shall rather discover his own shame and Malignant Spirit.  
And I trust in God that the discovering of any matter that the knowledge thereof shall tend to God's Glory, my royal sovereign's Honour, (the yet hopeful gracious King Charles) and the welfare of the commonwealth wherein I am born and live, shall not be accounted perjury either by God's or man's Law, though it tend to the prejudice of a Corporation whereof I am a Member, and have taken Oath, to perform all good and no bad Service, to the prejudice or detriment of the said society (which as I take it) always in all oaths to Corporations include the greater good to God, King and country, to be proffered before the lesser.  
And because I have had experience of the envy and malignancy of East India Courts, to neglect their own and Common good, and yet hinder, private persons from doing good to themselves in particular, like unto the dog in the Manger, neither eating Hay himself nor permitting the Ox to eat it, and also to take the children's bread, and cast it unto dogs (which I presume I am able to prove) I have rather thought good to employ my talent the best I can to do good to all men (but especially to the household of faith) rather than hide in a Napkin, or bury it in the earth to the loss or offence of any. And to this purpose most humbly and submissively, I entreat all good men to accept of my weak endeavours and abilities in as good and Charitable away or respect as they are offered unto their perusal.   

CHAP. ix.. The Riches to be accrewd by Trade between England and India, may all be converted by a free Trade to the Planters at Madagascar, the benefit of particular commodities, to and from between India and Persia; the Piscash of a Chain of Gold given by Podomsee, though of 500 pound value not comparable to the benefit he received by freight and custom in his massy Treasure in pearls, the massy rich Trade of pearls, and Diamonds from Persia into India, &c.  
FOrmerly in this Treatise, I have said that there is no Trade like to the Trade and Commerce of India (which the Planters at Saint Lawrence may reap to themselves if they pleased) which I make good thus. The India Trade to and from India generally produceth in 18. months' time and less 3. 4. or 5. for one in some particulars, much more the tradeing in India in several Kingdoms from Port to Port, and from India into Persia, the Red Sea and Achin, China, and other parts produceth in 6. months generally 30. 40. 50. and 60. per cent. and more, the particulars of several commodities from India into Persia, and from Persia into India, I will only instance in having thereof been an eye witness, and the others only by report, which others upon examination can and will no doubt give better intelligence of, to whom I refer the Reader, especially to Master Richard wild, who told me he had made 7. for one, from Surrat to Bantam.  

A Valuation of certain goods bought at Surrat in India in December 1629. And sold at Gombroone in Persia, February 1629. viz.  
sugar. 
90 per cent profit.  Green Ginger 
70 per cent. profit.  indigo 
50 per. cent. profit.  Rice. 
50 per. cent. profit.  Cotten Wool, 
120 p. cent. pro.  Mirabolins, 
70 per cent. profit.  Shashes, 
50 per cent. profit.  Saraie Benjamin double Money. 
 Cardimon. 
60 per. cent. profit.  Sope. 
80 per. cent. profit.  blue Canches. 
40 per cent. profit.  Tobacco, 
4 for 1  Gunderoone, 
47 per cent. profit.  blue Chundres, or Arse-clout, 
40 per cent. profit.  Pentadoes. 
35. p. cent. profit.  Dry Ginger. 
75 per cent. profit.  Narrow Baftas. 
40 per. c. profit.  Broad Baftas. 
30 per cent. profit.  blue Baftas, 
40 per cent. profit.  Sugar-Candy, 
75 per cent. profit.  Nosar or Saldermoniack, 
65 per cent. profit.  Fincades, 
35 per cent. profit.  Red selays, 
70 per cent. profit.    

A Valuation of goods bought at Combroone in Persia in February 1629. and sold at Surrat in India 1629. and in March 1630.  
Runas, 
50 per cent. profit.  Walnuts double Money. 
 Wormseed, 
30 per cent. profit.  Cheekens in Gold, 
4 per cent.  Almonds, 
50 per cent. profit.  Gauls, 
50 per cent. profit.  royals of 8. 
8 per cent. profit.  raisins solis 
8 per cent. profit.  Almond large, 
30 per cent. profit.  Pistachees, 
5 per cent. profit.  Rose-water, 
20 per cent. profit.  ABC or Abcees persia silver coin 
one and a half per cent. profit.    
With Multitude of other commodities both outward and inwards, between India and Persia (in especially Spices as Pepper, Cloves, Mace, and nutmegs) which malice and revenge, prevented me of the knowledge and insight thereinto, being most injuriously confined a Prisoner into Persia, and not to carry one penny worth of goods, for my own account, which others of far inferior place then myself, made their voyage in 3. or 4. months' worth unto them 1.2.3. or 4. thousand pounds a man.  
There is no Trade like to the Trade of the East India and Asia, 
Master Lloyd's intelligence  And if there was once a Plantation settled at the Island of Saint Lawrence, in 7. years' time there would be a fine Gallant Trade or Commerce; for the junks from many places of India, and divers other places in Asia, would come and Trade with you; but he that should happen to be governor of this Island, must have a special care, not for to take above two of the hundred for custom (which by that means will encourage them for to come the more freely, for to Trade with them from India to Persia) the next year after we had taken the Island of Kishme and Ormus in the gulf of Persia, which I was there, and an actor in taking of these two Islands, I sold at Gombroone, Tobacco for 20 for one, Sticklack Pepper; sugar, Suger-Candy, Dry-Genger, Preserved Ginger, Preserved Mirabolins, Preserved Bills, Cardimums, soap, and divers other Commodities at 4. for one.  
Rice, cotton-wool, 10. for one. Indicoe, Shashes, Narrow Baftas, Broad Baftas, Birames, Pintathose, Pentolowes and divers other Commodities, for one and one forth per cent. Cloves, Mace, nutmegs, Long Pepper, Cuburbs which do sell at Gombroone dearer than in England. And likewise your Cashaw lignum, Cashaw Fistula, and China roots do sell at the like profit; From Persia to Surrat Horses 3. for one profit, pearls 20 per cent. profit, silk. 12. per cent. Carpits 10 per cent. Rhubarb 10 per cent. Assafettida 12 per cent. Brimston 30 per cent. Lapistutia, 20 per cent. And the last time that I was in Persia, one Podomsee a Banian Broker of Surrat, and his Brother was the Dutch Broker, I called him brother, he was my Broker, he gave me a Gold chain which came six times about my neck and under my shoulder, very curious work-manship which cost so much as the Gold: This Pishcash he gave me, to give to my Mistress; Also this Podomsee did love me better than any English man, he called me his great Brother, which is in their language Marrabigee (being a good lapidary, having great skill in pearls:) (vergenor) and other Banian Merchants sent him to Persia, paying the precedent for his passage, and he, because he loved me so well, would go with me in the same Ship, and divers other passengers; And by all means he and divers other Merchants would return with me in the Ship Charles, and two days before we came away, he brought to my house at Gombroone a Supeta and desired me to take great charge of it and that I would put it into my cabin: not telling me what was in it, but after we came to Sea, and bound for Surrat, this Podomsee, with three other Banian brokers, did open the aforesaid Supeta in my cabin, and for 14. days together, they did nothing but sort pearls, my friend told me, and showed me pearls worth 10000 pounds per piece: Some Round, and some Pendant of the bigness of a Pigeons egg; some of these pearls weighed 50. and 55. Carrots a pecce.  
And I asked what that Supeta of pearls was worth, he told me 10. Millions. This Podomsee bought some pearl at Gombroone for me, and also some Diamonds; I sold my pearls in England five for one profit, and my Diamonds six for one profit: upon my credit this is very true.  
A man that hath any understanding, may see how the Honourable Company is wronged, and what able men the Committee of this Honourable Society do employ, for their Factors, sending home Raw Silk, which do make hardly two for one profit.   

CHAP. X. The mighty loss to the Portugals in customs, by the loss of Ormus, which might have been turned to the benefit of the English, who Conquered it and indiscreetly deserted it to the benefit of the Persians.  
THe East India Company at my last arrival from India, hearing that I, Master Clement, and Captain Wedall, had 18. Balls of Silk, whereof they had us in examination who bought it, I told them I bought 12. Balls, and that Master Clement bought six; they asked me what I paid for it I told them the truth, They told me I bought it so cheap as their Factors did at Spahan, for Lapistutia, Wormseed, rhubarb, Gauls, Assafettida do make 4. for one profit in England, there are divers other Commodities which will make good profit.  
Now the Merchants which comes many hundreds of miles, out of the further most parts of Persia: to meet our Ships at Gombroone, they know we do stay but about 5. Weeks, and they know that the English and Dutch men, will put off their goods at very reasonable profit, before they will carry it back again to Surrat, that is the reason, the prize is so much fallen, as it hath been, for your English Factors will give you so much as the Persians, Banians and Jews, for they double their Money, to Spahan, your India Merchants do send to Persia great store of steel; tin, and Sinomon, which they make great profit off; when the Portugals had Ormus, it was the Gallantest place of Commerce and Magazine of the world none like it, as Healine reports, (if all the world was a Ring, Ormus may be the gem,) merchants come from most parts of the world for to trade at it. All Asia did come, and brought Commodities to this famous Island, the Portugals took a small custom of all those that brought goods thither; the Portugals lost 260000 pounds yearly, when they lost the City of Ormus (for custom of goods) and made the King of Persiapay custom for their own goods, otherwise the Portugals would let nothing pass into the gulf, the English went every year with a great Fleet of Ships for to carry a small quantity of merchandise for to supply their Factory, as royals of 8. Cloth, and tin, so they brought back some years 150. 250. 300. Balls of Silk, which had it not been for the Portugals, a small Ship would have been sufficient to have carried and recarried our small Cargazeen of goods: For the Portugal kept the gulf by force from all Nations, and every year met us with a great Fleet of Ships, at Cape Gascosse Road, which is entering into the gulf, and we have had many great Sea fights with them, which put the East India Company to a very great charge yearly, nevertheless the gulf did ever belong to the Persian King, which bred a heart burning to the Persian Empire.  
The next year after the last fight at Cape Gascosse, we went with a great Fleet into the gulf of Persia, expecting to have an other Fight with Jack Portugal; the names of the Ships are these, in the Jonah, captain Weddall, in the Whale, captain Woodcock; in the Dolphen, captain Stevens; in the lion, captain Beaverstone; in the London, captain Bligh; in the Rose, captain Johnson; and in the Richard captain davice; with the Robert and Shilling, which were two small Ships of the burden of 200. Tons a piece, all which Ships were of good force, and carried 236. pieces of Ordinance and extraordinary well manned, and provided for war; and entering into the gulf, came out a boat from Cape Gascoffe Road, with some refreshing, and a letter from our English Factors, and a letter from the Caune of Persia, and Pilat's for to Pilate our Ships a great way down into the gulf, to a place where our Merchants, the Caune and divers Sultans were, at a place called Custake; at which place we received 800. Balls of Silk; and there the English and Persians did enter into Articles to this purpose, that the English would join with the Persians in the taking the Island of Kishme, and the Island of Ormus, from the Portugals. The Persians promised that we should have all the trade of Persia to ourselves, and our custom free; and half the custom of all other Nations that brought goods into the gulf, and the English to have all the Christians that should be taken at our disposal, and the Persians to have all the heathens, the mariners of our Ships to have 6. Months pay gratis, and what Ammunition we spent in the siege, to be all made good, & the East India Company to have straight for their Ships, and the English to have half the Treasure, Pillage, Ammunition, and Ordinance of both the Islands of Kishme, and Ormus, Ships, galleys, frigates, Cities, towns, Villages; and for to have the command of the Castles. These in short was agreed upon, which was at that time of both sides performed. It will be too tedious for me to relate the whole proceedings. The Portugals did surrender both the Castle of Kishime to us and likewise the Castle of Ormus, we gave them two Ships to carry both men, women, and Children, with some provision, and some Baggage to Muskat; but the Persians put all the heathens to death, I have seen 1000 heads for a breakfast cut off in a morning. Although we had the possession of the greatest jewel of the world, as Healine and other authors do report; if the Commanders, and those of the counsel at that time had had so much understanding as B●lames Ass., they would not have given it away to the Persians, until such time the King and State of England had been made acquainted therewith; and also the Honourable Company of East India adventurers: for Ormus being the primest place of the world, and the richest trade for the Portugals, whatsoever they desired for their Commodities they had, for none brought goods into the gulf, but they, for they served all Persia, and most parts of Arabia, and from those parts was transported into other countries by Land, and most part of Turkey, and all parts of Asia, came to trade with them; from all parts of India, from the coast of Cornidell, Banggalla, from the River of Ganges, from all parts of the Island of Sumatra, which is the richest Island in all the world, for there is more Gold upon this Island than all the world beside, for the Poet writes and calls it the Gold of Opher, and Solomon had his Gold from this Island, besides many rich Spices, Gums and drugs, also from the straits of Malaco, and from the straits of Sindia, Java major, from the coast of Chouchichina, Burnua, the Molookcoes, and from all parts of China, and the Maneelous; from all these parts they came with junks, very richly laden to the Portugals at Ormus, for the Portugals did make them come to trade with them, otherwise they would make prize of their junks wheresoever they met with them; for the Portugals was as King of all the Oriental Seas for many hundred of years before the English ever knew it; at the taking of the Island of Ormus, there was over the Castle-gate, the date and the year of our Lord God, which was at that time 500 years since they builded the Castle, which I and divers other English took special notice of, saying amongst ourselves, that the Portugals had been many years in India, before they builded the Castle of Ormus, and they were the first that did discover all these rich places of India, and Asia. So all men may plainly see that the Portugals did make choice of the best places of their plantations for a Magazine, and the hopefullest of a commerce of rich trading. I do verily believe that the City of London and Amsterdam, join them both together, could not parallel the rich trade of Ormus, when it did flourish before the English traded into India: and hath been such a heart burning to the Portugal, since, that they have endeavoured to raise all their forces in India, which the least Galloones they had did carry 48. pieces of brass Ordinance, besides they had many more out of Spain, many frigates and galleys. And all the prime Commanders, Officers, mariners, and Common soldiers made a great fast; and all took the Sacrament before their great Fleet went out from Goa, to fight with the English in the gulf of Persia. The Portugals taking the Sacrament, to take and burn and sink our Ships, and to beat us out of the gulf of Persia, which at that time they failed of their purpose: and we could not make great brags of our Victory, so every year, we did expect a meeting with the Portugals: so the English and the Dutch did join together in a Fleet to overcome the Portugals and did meet once in two years in the gulf and had a great Fight, and the Portugal had almost surprised the Dutch admiral, if it had not been for our vice-admiral, for which afterwards the Dutch admiral gave our vice-admiral his Gold chain for relieving of him, so that their was no great victory at that time gained, but the Portugals seeing we were to strong for them, they left us, and went to Muscat to recruit themselves, but never came into the gulf with their fleet of ships to meet our fleet any more.   

CHAP. XI. A brave Sea fight with the Portugals upon the coast of India, another brave Sea fight with one English ship against many Portugals in the gulf of Persia, the Portugals cruelty to our men taken prisoners in cool blood.  
THe Portugals did endeavour before to beat us out of India, because they did first discover it. And the last fight that ever the Portugals had with the English in India I was in, the Portugals did challenge both the English and the Dutch, to fight with them, the Dutch had six sail of ships and the English had the ship Jonah riding in Swallow road, and the Portugals had their seven great Galloons and twenty four frigates each frigate had 200 men a piece in them, and the Portugals riding on the other side of the Bar in Swallow hole or road where we lade and unlade our ships, so that the Portugals could not come to them, for but one ship at a time can come over the Bar, and at a high water on a spring tide, so they could not come together. But the Palsgrave, Dolphin and the ship lion, coming out of Europe, and we had many sick men in these three ships and falling on the coast of India between Bassine and Dabull, in the morning at the sun rising we spied two frigates which we found to be spies, we called a counsel presently, and met aboard the admiral, and all concluded that the Portugals had a fleet of ships near to Surrat which we found to be true, and we plying off it up to Surrat with the wind and tide, being short of Surrat twenty leagues, and in the interim fitting our ships for fight, which did weary and tire our men, and the two frigates aforesaid keeping us company with out shot of our Ordinance between the shore & our ships, about twelve of the clock we spied the Portugals great Armado containing seven great Galloons and twenty four sail of frigates, so soon as they had espied us they all weighed anchor setting sail toward; us, and we making to them, within three leagues one of another, and making of their colours very plain; one admiral, two vice-Admirals, a rear admiral, and three other great Galoons, with twenty four frigates; we did suppose and conclude that the Portugals had another fleet and had taken Swallow hole or road where we lade & unlade our ships, because they had two vice Admirals, which was a great policy of the Portugals, and sending one of our men up into the main top gallant top, espied seven ships riding in swallow rode we all concluded that the Portugals had taken the road: otherwise if they had been our friends, they would come out and help us, which said seven ships as we heard the next year was six sail of Dutch ships and the ship Jonah which the Portugals had challenged to fight with, so that the Dutch thought themselves too weak to fight with the Portugals. But Captain Kerredge then being President at Surrat he would have come out with the Jonah alone to help us, but that he was persuaded to the contrary by the English and Dutch, so we tacked about for to get sea room, and about two a clock the ship Palsgrave, Dolphin and lion, met the Portugals great fleet, all the sails of their ships crossed with red crosses: they shot at us as though they had been mad & after they had discharged their Ordinance, our men stood up & played about them like brave gallant soldiers, giving the enemy three broad sides for their one, and about four a clock we shot down the admiral's main top mast, at which all our men gave a great shout; and about twelve a clock at night two of their galloons clapped our rear admiral aboard, throwing wild fire into her, that the ship was all of a light fire, and we doing our best (to relieve her) and being in that great distress the Master caused an anchor to be let fall, whereupon the two galloons broke off their grabnels from the ship lion by reason that the tide doth run so strong that the Portugals and we did drive to sea, and did continue in fight all that night and the next day and the next night and all the next day and night; so that we did maul them that most of their masts and yards were shot off: and in the morning they were almost out of shot of us, we edging to them, I made a shot at the admiral but he would not answer us any more, we had spent half our ammunition which we carried out for the relief of our ships which we had in India; for we did fight three days and nights, our ordinance went off so fast as small shot, that you could hardly see the sky for fire and smoke. The Natives of India did see the light of our powder in the sky, and did hear the report of our ordinance, and also captain Weddall in the great James coming from Bantam, on the coast of India; who did likewise meet pieces of masts, yards, timber and dead men swimming on the water, and we were at that time about sixty leagues at sea, and yet they heard and saw the light of our ordnance; so the Portugals was glad to leave us and went for Goa: and we steered our course for the Island of Sacatora for to stop our leaks and to mend our ships, being very much battered, shot and torn, that we had not a yard square canvas in all our sails but that there was a hole shot thorough, but all this time we did not know what was become of the ship lion, which was our rear admiral, till the next year; that after the Portugals galoons broke their grabnels from the ship lion, could not come to her any more, because the tide would not suffer them, and the ship lion riding at anchor, that in an hour's time both we and the Portugals fleet had lost sight of her; in the mean time the ship lion's company put out their fire, and throwing many deadmen overboard, whereof the captain was one, and fitting their ship for to steer their course for Persia because they all supposed the Portugals had another fleet at swallow road, because they met us with two advise Admirals: the Portugals well knowing that the Ship lion what case she was in, sending four frigates after her into the Gulgh of Persia; and these four sail of frygots went to Muskat for more help to surprise the ship lion, and in the mean time the ship lion arrived over against Gombroon and had unladed all their goods and merchandise, and left it in the costody of Thomas Joyce being pursers' mate of her; and the next day after the Portugals came with twelve frigates and galleys, and did set upon the ship lion and after half a days fight all the frigates and galleys laid the lion aboard and did enter her with many men and they blowed them up, the Portugals did enter them again several times, so that they were forced to blow up all their decks with many hundred of the Portugals, and seeing they could do no good in entering the lion, than they fired her with wild fire, that the mast did burn so much that coals fell down on the deck; our stout gallant English men endeavoured still to put out the fire, and to put the Portugals off which lay round about her (our men throwing fire balls and pots of powder into them, yet could do no good, for our men could not use their Ordinance, if they opened a port hole the Portugals did let fly a hundred small shot in, so that our men could not rouse out a piece for to do any execution, so that our brave Englishmen were put to their shifts, either to surrender, or to burn, or else to blow themselves up, so Mr. Johnson who went out Pursur of her, was by the ships company chosen captain of her after the other was slain in fight with us, so with unanimous consent rather than to yield to the Portugals upon any quarter, saying amongst themselves, never any English ship was taken or surrendered to the Portugals. So one gallant Englishman who was both Purser and captain of the ship lion seeing no hope or recovery for to put out the fire, the ship being much burned, that coals of fire fell down on the deck from the top of the mast: our English was contented to die with their brave Commander. They all concluded, and in the first place they all commended their souls into the hands of the Almighty their Creator, and in the second place, all agreed to lay a train of gunpowder to the powder room, and so to blow up their ship; before they would be a prey to the enemy. This sad accident was performed in the twinkling of an eye, and four great frigates which had two hundred men at the least in each frigate, which lay aboard of the ship lion, perished all together: some of our men so soon as fire was laid to the train leapt over board, and after the blow was past the other frigates and galleys lying off our ship, seeing our men swimming in the water for life, shot at them and darted at them with pikes; the Portugals took up twenty five of our men which was not slain, yet some wounded, and the next day in cold blood they put all our men to death excepting one Winterton, which was Steward of the ship lion. Hugh Frerow being at that time admiral of those twelve sail of frigates and galleys, and formerly commander in chief of all the Portugals Sea forces in the Oriental parts; who many years before we took in the Castle of Kishme, and it was ordered by the Sea counsel that Hugh Frerow should be sent aboard the ship lion, and so to carry him a prisoner to the precedent and counsel of Surrat. And on the coast of India, Mr. Beaverstone, Mr. Wheately Purser, Cap. Richard Swanley then Masters mate, and other Officers of the lion being very merry, Hugh Frerow understanding that, took his opportunity, andthe ships long boat being close by the quarter of the ship, he and his two slaves that tended upon him, he lying in the round house went over the ships quarter, and got into the boat, and cutting the boat rope got clean away, and landed near to Surrat river and so to Daman: the Ship riding at anchor some five miles from the shore, and some two hours after coming out of the great cabin missing their boat, and looking for Hugh Frerow, found that he was gone, and the boat out of sight, the said Winterton at that time was steward of the lion, and bringing provision to the said Frerow during the passage between the gulf of Persia, and the coast of India, Hugh Frerow came very well acquainted with Winterton, upon which he gave him his life, but did put the rest of our men to death as aforesaid, which was twenty four men; cutting off our men's heads in the prow of the frigate, and letting the bodies of our men fall into the water, holding our men by the hair of their heads, because their heads should not fall overboard, And after they had cut off twenty three of our men's heads, the Master's boy of the lion being very unwilling to die making great moan and begging upon his knees to Hugh Frerow for his life, the pretty boy saying, that he had no hand nor any of his friends in the taking of Ormus, yet all this could not prevail with the bloody hearted Portugals, and in cold blood (saith Hugh Frerow) cut off his head or else in time he would prove so very a rogue as the rest, which was at the taking of Ormus; and after so done he caused a long stick to be put through the cheeks of our men's heads, and put on a raft, and so to be driven to the Castle of Ormus, that the Persians should see and take notice how cruelly they had used our men, because we took Ormus from them; and afterwards Hugh Frerow writ a base reproachful letter, but especially to captain Weddall, calling him Piscadoris, and sent this letter along by Winterton, who was an eye witness to this sad tragedy, to our Merchants at Gombroone; landing him three miles short of the town of Gombroone. At the Ship Palsgrave and dolphin's arrival, we understood by good intelligence of the Natives of India, of the Portugals inveterate devilish malice to us, for taking Ormus from them, and how all took the Sacrament and swore by the blessed Virgin Mary, that they would never return to their wives and children, till they had either taken us, or fired us, or else to sink us; the Portugals had many fasts to this purpose for to destroy us, and that whensoever they took the English, that then they would cut off all their heads; and the Dutch, that they would hang them up by the members till they died. This was their malice because we took Ormus from them, and hindering of them of their trade in India. This fleet was the greatest that they have had in India; I do believe and have been credibly informed, that they had in the fight fifty men for one which was a great advantage, but it was the great mercy of God, to preserve us from our enemies.   

CHAP. XII. The Portugals mediation for peace with the English Nation, the Persians valuation of Ormus, at twenty Millions of treasure, now they are possessed thereof, which the English might have enjoyed, if they had had wise governors, Committees, and Agents, of the India corporation; the exceeding folly of the East India court, in sending treasure into Persia, to touch at Surrat, where the money being invested in commodities would have turned almost to double money profit, the unconsionable custom of India Courts in not shipping out our own rich native commodities, which would yield good profit, but transporting much Gold and Silver, to their country's loss, and proof of their ill office to the commonwealth; the way to drive a rich trade into India, without transportation of treasure. Multitude of English commodities beneficial for transportation into India, to save exportation of treasure, if the India courts were good members of the commonwealth; the beneficial trade in India, between Surrat and Goa near adjacent: all commodities from Surrat to Bantam vendible, at great beneficial prizes.  
THe Portugals never since dared for to attempt to fight with us any more, 
Mr. Lloyd, his intelligence.  but the Portugals hath endeavoured and sent many messengers to the precedent and council at Surrat, for to desire that a peace may be concluded between them and us, which since is performed between the precedent and council of Surrat, and the viceroy of Goa, and likewise confirmed by both the States of England, and Spain, but I have heard many Portugals tell me, that the English hath done them more wrong than the Crown of England can make them satisfaction, for taking Ormus from them, and for to give it to the Persians; I must needs confess the like was never known, that one Christian warring against another, and then for to give the prey and all the benefit to the Heathen.  
The Persians I am confident will not leave the Castle of Ormus, for twenty Millions of Treasure. I have been in Persia many times since we took Ormus, and the Persians hath told me as much: the Persians hath flourished gallantly since they have gotten Ormus in their custody, for Gombroon when I first knew it, had but eighteen houses in it; and now it is a great City or Town as most in England, it may compare for commerce of trade, that there is not the like place of trade in all Persia; also it is become the best Port Town and doth bring more custom to the King of Persia, than all the port towns besides; this the English might have enjoyed, if they had been wise, or had but good descreet Factors and Commanders, which hath brought such exceeding loss to the Adventurers, I may boldly say many Millions, since Ormus was taken.  
And herein by the way, let not the India Courts at home maliciously malign (as they have done a long time, to the utter ruin of me and mine, for my good service done them, and acknowledged by their own acts of Court) for casting aspersion upon them, (in information to my countrymen in general, and to the Honourable Adventurers in particular,) of their indiscreet and injuditious managing the India trade, far from the repute of prudent Merchants, which hath brought such exceeding loss to the Adventurers of the second stock, and to myself a poor member of the company in particular, which I manifest in these few words.  
The India Court have shipped for many years together great quantities of Silver and Gold, viz, 20 30 40 or 60 thousand pounds per annum. into Persia to buy silk, which money hath been at all times first brought to Surrat in India, and from thence transported into Persia untouched, which being invested at Surrat in commodities as aforesaid, would have turned to the companies great profit, 40 50 60 or 80 per Cent. 〈◊〉 money yielded them not a penny profit; for they might have had the same money in Royals of eight for their commodities at the port Town of Gombroone, to have fitted their turn at Spahan where it was to be invested in silk, and if they had carried up the commodities themselves to Spahan, as the Persia Merchants, that came to the port Town with ready money to buy the commodities, they might peradventure have advanced their profit as much more; for it is very probable that Merchants would not come down fifteen hundred miles by land to buy commodities with ready money, but to their great advantage.  
The India Company transport but little of our native commodities, viz cloth and other woollen manufacture, which though they vend not in great quantities, (as in Germany, Low-countries, Turkey, Muscovia, Denmark &c.) yet when they are sold they go off at great profit, especially if transported from the port of Surrat, unto remoter parts of India, and myself have made double and almost treble money of cloth above the price in London; but the main of their exportation is in Gold and Silver, which whether they be good common wealth's men or no I leave to the judicious state of this Land to examine and consider.  
But I know and am certainly assured, that a great trade may be driven in India without any money at all exported (as by experience in the several rich Factors returned, who carried smaller or no stock at all) (of which I could nominate many) yet by 5. or 6. years' employment or some longer time, have brought home Estates of 5.10. or 30. thousand pounds a man, their salary not paying their charge by a quarter part more or less, which I manifest thus. A good stock once settled in India of 100000 pounds more or less by goods, of several sorts exported from England, as Cloth, kerseys, fine light stuffs, quicksilver, Lead, tin, Iron, steel, coral, Amber, enamel, Tapestry, hangings, Pictures, Swords, Blades, Knives, scissors, shears, razors, Looking-Glasses, Glasse-Beads, Spectacles, Locks, keys, Hinges, Horses, bits, stirrups and curry-combs for Horses and Oxen, and nails of all sorts; French and Norrembour toys, &c. Iron-wire, brass-wire, Shaven-latten, Red, white, and thin plated Iron, Muskets, pistols, Fowling pieces, brass and Iron Ordinance, connyskins, and Lambe-Skins white, and dried in Colours, fit for Persia, and cold countries, as foot-cloths, Sumpter-Clothes for camels, and Horse-Clothes, for a trial; and to bring Cloth in more use in these hot countries, Lists of Clothes (to make Carpets for ordinary people to set upon) Remnants and tailors Shreds of Cloth and Velvet, and satin, and silk for embroidery, and to lay under Carpets and Cover-lids of Colours, Leather curiously cut out in works and usual in India, and to be brought home for many uses, some Silk out of Europe of more esteem than India silk; as coloured satins, taffetas, wrought taffetas, unwrought Grograms, Tammets, Durettoes, says, and other light stuffs of each some small quantities for trial to bring them in use, with stripped Hangings, fit for paling to great men's Tents, with multitude of other English and Europian Commodities to save the exportation of Gold and Silver, which time and industry of men will find out, if an open and free trade were for all men to make use of (or in an interloping trade leaving the quintessence and choicest Commodities to the India company) these commodities are the chiefest of them with others to be found out (with some assistance of some reasonable quantity of Gold and Silver at first tolerated, if which permission) a standing stock may be raised and kept in India, which with credit will be abundantly heaped upon them, that have but a small stock in the country, a mighty trade may be driven to all the Kingdoms of India and Asia, and to great profit; and the Surplus thereof still yearly after one or two years made hence into England will much advantage the state of this commonwealth (in my simple opinion) and for the better accommodation of this tradeing, small Ships of a 100 or 200. or 300. Tun may be kept in India, to make speedier returns than by India junks from place to place, which notwithstanding may be much useful, for lading and transporting of gross commodities, as Cotton, Cottonyarne, Rice, Tobacco, Sugar, Ruinas, Gauls, Brimstone, Allome and such like, of small valuation yet great in bulk, and profitable both for exportation and importation to Surrat and other parts in India; and the other English Ships to be laded with finer and less bulkey Commodities, which as long as Peace continueth in those parts between us and the Dutch, and Portugals, there is little or no danger, the seas of themselves (taking opportunity of the munsones or trade winds) as pleasant sailing in, as in the River themes or Narrow seas in fair or summer weather. And this course as I conceive will save an infinite charge of shipping, which now the company are and have been at to pass continually between India and England, their abode in the country until they be worn out and decayed, and so dangerous to come home a long voyage; whereas shipping upon advice from India sent out once a year strong and in good case to stay there a month, two or three for their relading and recreation, will be of much less Charge and danger in coming home. What I write here is out of the little intelligence I have gotten by being one year at the Northern parts of India, at Surrat, and half that time a close prisoner, most injuriously and wickedly oppressed for my affection and endeavours to do God and my Country the best service in my poor power. At Bantam and the Southern parts of India; I never was, and therefore cannot in large thereupon, but leave it to others of better understanding and abilities to act that part.  
From Surrat to Goa, trade produceth 30. 40. and 50. per cent. innumerable of many sundry sorts of Commodities, 
〈◊〉 after ●Loyd●●telli●●●ce.  which the Portugals comes to Surrat, and at Combay 100 Sail of frigates do lade yearly which I have seen and known to be true, and from Goa to Surrat do produce 20. 25. 30. per cent. and for Sinomon and Folium-Indium 50. per cent.  
From Surrat to Massalapattam with Persia commodities will produce 30. 40. 50. per cent. by the several Goods expressed as aforesaid brought from Persia to Surrat.  
And from Surrat to Bantam you cannot lay out your money amiss, for the worst commodities which is vendible for Bantam; will produce 70. 80. per cent. Blue Byrams Canekeenes, 100 per cent. Pentathoes and chequer stuffs, stripped stuffs, Tapeseekes, Pattollowes of Cotten and Pattollowes of Silk, course Girdles, course Shashes, indigo, blue Chundres, Chaders, and Bralls 110. per cent. Cotton-wool, soap, Cumming seeds, Mustard seeds and wheat 8. 9 10. for one profit. There is in most parts of the South seas no Wheat grows, that there may be many ships laden with Wheat put off yearly at a mighty great profit, Narrow and broad Baftas white, at 80. 90. per cent. Narrow and Broad Baftas Blew at 110. 120. per cent. and many innumerable of commodities which will produce great benefit.  
This I know to be true to my knowledge; and Persia commodities do likewise yield one and a half and two for one profit; before Bantam was opened I have sold all these particular goods at Jacatra, which the Dutch calls Battavia which is 13. Leagues beyond Bantam at the several Prices as aforesaid.  
And from Bantam most of these commodities is transported to Achine, Tickeo, Priman, Jambee, Japarra, Macasser and China, which do produce 1.2.3. and 4. for one profit, so he that doth intend for to go to any of these places, I do wish him not to sell his commodities at Bantam, for there they buy most part of these goods for to vend at these several places, yet Java Major do vend abundance of these several particulars aforesaid; this is very true and certain to my knowledge.   

CHAP. XIII. The exceeding rich trade from Surrat to China, and also a rich trade from China to India, though this beneficial trade be neglected by the English sluggish injudicious Court Committees; if a free trade were open, diligent industrous Merchants would leave no place unassayed where there is great hopes or certain assurance of large profit, the profitable trade from India to Moco in the Red Sea, the way to enrich our usurers with more security of conscience by letting moneys at interest to Heathens rather than to Christians and at double the Rates, for their greater encouragement. Industrious men in open trade will find out for more several sorts of Commodities, than the India injudicious Courts (never exercised in the practic of that commerce) do look into, and no doubt but as beneficial.  
NOw from Surrat to China, 
captain Matthew Wills his information.  English Broad Cloth and Kerseys, do produce 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. for one profit; indigo, Narrow and broad Baftas, blue Byrams, Cankeens, do produce 6.8. and 10. for one profit, Narrow and broad Baftas, white Pepper, Cloves, Mace, lags, divers several sorts of goods do produce 3, 4, 5, 6. for one profit.  
This Captain Matthew Wills told me, for he was commander of the Ship London, which was the first Ship that ever the English had in those parts, for the Portugals did Fraight him by the consent of the precedent and council of Surrat, the reason was that the Dutch & Portugals was at difference at that time, so that they were fain to freight one of our Ships presently after the Peace was concluded between the English and Portugals; and from China to Goa and so to Surrat produced mighty profit in several commodities, as China raw silk, and woven silk, in abundance of varieties of all stuffs, Cobweb lawns, Cloth of Gold, Tissue, and silver, for a bolt of rich damask containing 32. yards, for 3. or 4. Rials of 8. a piece; of China Earthen ware, they bought for little or nothing far cheaper than we buy our Earthen ware in England, China Roots, and divers other drugs and commodities, for there is great store of Coper, worth little or nothing, and great store of Gold; for the Portugals brought abundance of Gold cast in the fashion of Sugar-loves, and do produce 40. 45. and 50. per cent profit in India, But from Bantam, Macasser, Japarra, Jambee, Achine, Tickeo; Prima●, do yield many rich commodities, Cloves, Mace, nutmegs, Tortleshells, long Pepper, white Pepper, and several sorts of round Pepper, Cuburbs, Cashaw-Lignum, Cashaw-Fis●ula, Lignum-Allowes, rhubarb, China Roots, China Ginger preserved, Tamerin preserved China Ware, musk, Civet, and divers of innumerable of drugs and commodities which do produce 2. 3. 4. for one profit in Persia and Moco in the Red Sea; these commodities will yield good profit at Surrat, but not so much as at Moco or Persia, I bought at Battavia 6. Butts of Tortle shells which I sold at Surrat for two for one profit; and divers other several sorts of commodities as aforesaid, which I sold at Surrat for 50. 60. 70. and 80. per cent: which at that time we bought our commodities at Battavia, whi●h was at the worst hand because the Dutch made the Chinaces, Javaes', pay custom in their own country and all other Nations both in and out, for then at that time Bantam was not opened; and after the English went to Bantam the Javaes came within the Dutch Court of Guard, and entered into the Town of Jacatra, and killed many of the Dutch, and made them fly into the Castle, and the Javaes pursuing of them to the Castle walls, for they hate a Dutch man so bad as the devil, and do love the English extraordinary well, so since Jacatra which the Dutch call Battaiva which in English is new Holland, is not one third part so big as it hath been, because that the Javaes doth Sally into the town and burn it, the Javaes are very desperate. About 20. years since the Dutch had three men of War riding in Bantam rode, the admiral carried 36. Pieces of Ordinance, the vice-admiral 32. Pieces, the rear-admiral 26. Pieces, there came three Javaes in a little boat aboard the admiral, two of them went into the great Cabbine, and killed the Captain, Master, two Merchants and three men more, and yet these three Javaes got off clear: I saw these Ships in Bantam Road; also the trade is very much decayed, the Dutch hath not the sixth part of custom and other duties as they had formerly. So much for the Southern parts in brief,  
From Surrat to Moco in the Red Sea, Tobacco doth produce 10. and 12. for one profit, Rice doth produce 6. and 7. for one profit, China ware 4. and 5. for one profit, Cloves, Mace; Nutmegs, and Pepper, do produce two for one profit, narrow and broad Baftas white, 70. per cent. Narrow Bastas blew, Byrames and Canikeenes two for one profit, Chaders, Bralls, Pentathose, barber's aprons, Sallowes, fine Shashes, course Shashes, course and fine Girdles, do produce two and a quarter for one profit, sugar, Ginger, preserved, sugar-candy, cotton-wool, Cardimons, soap, and shoes, will produce two and three for one profit: also, all your Persian commodities will yield very good profit at Moco.  
There is divers sorts of several commodities which you bring from Surrat, and out of the South-seas which produce 2, 3, 4, and 5. for one profit; this I know to be true, for I have sold many of these commodities as aforesaid at Moco.  
And from Moco to Surrat, ostriches Feathers, Ruinas, Opium, Beazer Stones, Cloth of Tissue, many rich Gums and drugs, which do produce two for one profit and upwards; but for your Estridge-Feathers, I do wish no man to sell them at Surrat but for to bring them for England, for I have made ten for one profit selling of them in England.  
And now I do return to the first centre from which I began: The Island of Madagascar or St. Lawrence, a gallant commerce of trade may be made in few years, if wise and discreet men had but the managing of it, in a very short time it might be made a second Ormus, for it doth stand in the very centre of the world for trade withal Nations, and nearer by 2000 Leagues than Ormus was to all Nations in Asia, for the Northermost part of this Island doth lie within eleven degrees and a half of the equinoctial, which is very near to Cape Comrine, which is the Southern most part of India; so that, most parts in India, Asia, Africa, do lie near adjacent to Madagascar, and many commodities which this Island doth afford is transported to the neighbouring countries as aforementioned: and in short time all the countries in Asia and India would come and trade with you, and Portugals and many other Nations if once a trade was settled.  

Eccles. 34. 9, 10, 11. and 12.  
9 A man that hath traveled, knoweth many things, and he that hath much experience will declare wisdom.  
10 He that hath no experience knoweth little: but he that hath travailed is full of Prudence.  
11 When I traveled, I saw many things: and I understand more than I can express.  
12 I was oft times in danger of death, yet I was delivered because of these things.   1 Sam. 17. 29. 
What I have I now done is where not a cause.  
There is yet another good way in my weak Judgement to raise a great fortune and increase of wealth thereby which me thinks our rich usurers and money Mongers should look after, and that is by raising a bank or stock in India, to be put out at interest at the usual rates there, that is one pound, and one pound and five shillings a month, or more; accounting 28. days to a month, the time of the moons circumference, which makes 13. months in the year, and so produceth 13.1. per cent. interest, per an. at the least rate, and 16. pounds 5. shillings per cent. at the highest rate; which is double the rate in Christendom, and not so offensive to God in letting out money to the h●ath●n and Idolatrous people, and the hazard of breaking and losing of their principal nothing at all dangerous, or far less than in England, the name of a Bankroupt being more odious, and stricter laws to bind men to honest performance of such covenants: and the usurers or money masters in bank may get more, and advance their estates by furnishing men with moneys (or wares at a dearer rate, provided in fitting season) upon their several voyages to Persia, Bantam, Moco, &c. at 20. or 25. per cent. profit or more at the ships return, bend●s the over ratement of their goods 10. or 20. per cent. which in all will produce 30. or 40. per cent. profit or more, which is usual in 6. months or shorter time, and at 60. per cent. profit to Achin upon a years voyage or less, more than the overratement; and the superfluity of their stock may be returned home by exchange either to English at 50. per cent. profit or dearer rates, especially to Dutch and Portugals, &c. and away by exchange may peradventure be found from Persia into Turkey to Constantinople at a far greater advantage; for the usual Rates of the exchange from India to Spahan in Persia (at my being in those parts) was 60. per cent. profit, and sure from Spahan to Constantinople will be an advantage gotten, and so also raised from Constantinople to London, to the Bankers great improvement of their stock, and a good help or stay in these obstructive dangerous plundering times, to have some part of their Estates abroad in security to great advantage, rather than to hide it in the earth (where no doubt but much treasure is at this time hidden in England) to preserve it from the spoiling hands of Malignant Plunderers, as it is often times (to their griefs) met withal, or utterly lost to their posterity (through great secrecy) thus much for the trade outwards, and in India, and now for the trade home wards from India, that is most beneficial and advantageous making 3. 4. or 5. for one or more as before I have related.  
The commodities from thence are innumerable and of many sundry sorts all beneficial, yet the India company looks after noon but the chief, as Callocoes, or Bastas broad and narrow, (white and coloured) Dimmities, Necaines', Saloes, Pintadoes and other sorts of linen or stuffs made of Cotten yarn, and Cotten yarn itself, and Cotten wool, and Spices of all sorts, as Pepper, Cloves and Mace, Cynomon and Ginger, sugar, wormseed, rhubarb, and Green-Ginger, China Roots, and many sorts of drugs, and Salt-petre, indigo, Gulmack, musk, Civet, ambergris, pearl, and Diamonds, &c. of which sorts some also they regard not but permit their Merchants (servants and seamen) to trade in also, excepting Chiefly, linens, Spices and indigo and some other of special note for most profit.  
But India affordeth and would afford many more rich commodities to industrious understanding Merchants, either in an open free or interloping trade, if men might have liberty and convenience to pass into India.  
Those which Judgement leads me to conceive beneficial (and which if I could have obtained liberty for my passage into India for considerable freight, which was maliciously denied me (a member of the company) and granted (to Aliens) and strangers of foreign Nations, Enemies in religion, and to the accord of commerce (gratis) I would have put in practice and made trial to mine own and country's welfare, according to that small insight I had attained by my short time of abode in that Country) are these as followeth, besides those before mentioned and neglected by the India company, of which none have yet made trial of or very few, & are not nor should not have been prejudicial to the company in no degree: As gunpowder, and soap, for a penny a pound, better than our Castle soap; dying stuffs, and the ingredients thereto, and skill to make the Colours to hold as in India, Pintadoes, which our English dyers much effects and desires (as I have heard say) the Art thereof, and the Art of laying on Gumlack in colours upon turner's wa●e, much desired in England, also camel's hair, for Beaver-makers, and feltmakers, brought over rough and unpickt and sold by Turkey Merchants for about 18. per pound, but might be had cheaper in India and Persia then in Turkey, and the hairs thereof being picked out in India, as at home it costeth the Beaver maker 9 pence per pound, the picking may be done in India for a penny the pound or thereabouts, and takes away almost one half of the weight, than its worth 4. shilling per pound, and is far less Bulkey and more fitting for transportation, and is better hair than that brought out of Turkey, as a Pattern of a Felt made in Persia showed to a Beaver-maker (Master Rogers by name) who valued the Felt at 30. shillings, and cost me in Persia not above five shillings at the most, and from thence by his advice its possible to bring Felts ready fitted to the Block for any fashion in request, at far cheaper rates then to be made in England; also in these distractive, murdering, killing times of war, buff to be made in India would prove an excellent good and profitable commodity, to be made much better of their strong Busttle hides, and far cheaper than at home.  
Persia sheepskins an excellent Fur, fine and warm, worn by Princes in Christendom, and useful to make Cover-lidds like rugs for great Persons beds, bring soft as Silk, and finely Curled and of a Grayish colour, of which I know none but myself have ever made trial of, and sold them to good profit and more might have made of them but that I sold them to a friend, I would have put many commodities to the trial of making their which the country yet affords not, as Fustians, strong, Dimmities, fine and course Buckerams black, and in colours, all sorts of Tapes made of calico, fine and course, broad and narrow, Leather tanned or untand and in colours, goatskins, Parchment, and Paper, fitted to the sizes in England, and Guilded Leather for Hangings, curious Painted and Guilded Bedsteeds, stools, chairs, round Tables inlaid with mother of pearl, Aggets and Cornelians, Quilts, Curtains and hangings of Silk, Pintadoes and fine embroidered guilted caps, waistcoats, and underbreeches for men, excellent for use and cheap, and some for women, both for rich and poor, Covers for books of all sizes, excellent good and cheap Estridge-Feathers, Leather and Paper Fannas, curiously wrought and guilded for gentlewomen, Bead●s, Pendants, and Rings of many sorts of Stones, as crystal, agate, Cornelion, Jasper, Elitropian, &c. Agget Cups and Dishes of several sorts, and Turtle shells, with curious Chests, Cabinets and Boxes of Ivory and Ebony, inlaid with several materials, Silk of all sorts, China, Persia and India Velvets, satins, Taffities, Damasks, Persia Mellicks wrought with Gold, and India cottons, also variety of desirable Stones of several sorts, fit for Tomb-makers, chimney pieces, and Pavements, for Noblemen and great persons, Summer-Roomes, cut and carved in several Fashions, Formea and Figures, according to Musters in other materials, in regard of their cheapness and workmanship, in cutting such hard Stones in India will be of much account in this Kingdom and ●se where among persons of several qualities, conditions, and Arts. The variety of several commodities is so great and their quantities to be had in these parts, that I should spend a great deal of time and Paper in recounting them, and yet should not be able to reckon up halt their numbers; for new will daily be found out if open or free Trade were once on Foot; all which would convert to the benefit of the plantation at Saint Lawrence or Madagascars and no doubt but employ much more shipping, and men to be made active and skilful mariners and Seamen then yet that trade hath produced. If I had made another voyage into India I would have endeavoured to have transported Maultilers, distillers of Strong-waters, Brewers of Beer and Wine, makers of Tobacco, Cutters to have made India Tobacco, Curers to have made India Tobacco (ill cured there) as good as Vrinas or other countries of far greater esteem in Persia) yet that of India yielded in Persia as before mentioned four for one; gardeners, Painters, or good Picture makers, Clock-makers, &c. with mow●● and their utensels to teach the Indians the use of Hay-making, 〈◊〉 of which in time of drought (commonly 6. or 7. 〈…〉 and almost starved, which might also 〈…〉 my countrymen. I would also have 〈…〉 of Flax and hemp by transporting seed thither, which it should take effect and grow as in cooler countries Chritian linen (as I call it) would be made there and brought into all parts of Christendom at far cheaper rates than now it is at, and be of more esteem in India and other Eastern countries than calicoes or other heathen linen, and all these things whatsoever mentioned in this Treatise, the plantation at Madagascar or Saint Lawrence may have the benefit and accommodation thereof, either by manufacture already made or to be put in practice there, in regard of the cheapness of the labours of men women and Children in India, at a penny, three half pence, or two pence a day to maintain themselves and families, and much more cheaper may it be done at Madagascar, where all sorts of better diet may be had, cheaper than in India, and slaves both in Madagascar and India and other parts may be bought for a trifle, besides the Plantation once settled, multitude of arts men would flock out of India and other parts to live among Christians, where they may be more free from injustice and wrong, tyranny and oppression, then in any Eastern or Asian Kingdoms else besides; yet one thing more I have forgot concerning defence against foreign Enemies or Natives; for foreign Enemies, that requires greater Judgement then for mine fortification defensive and offensive, to which I refer my Censure but for defence or offence against the Natives (Savages) its more ease to defend or resist then in any other habitable places of the world, where English have seated themselves.  
For (as I understand it) they (the savages elsewhere) have not only Darts, but bows and arrows more dangerous to annoy a far off, and more numerous to discharge, as also great knotty Clubbs, but here at Saint Lawrence they have no weapons but Darts, and of them not numerous, nor easy to carry; and for defence of or from them I will make bold to lend my advice; In India buff (as before mentioned) may be had in great quantities and very cheap, with which men being armed only upon their Shirts and linen breeches, with Coats and breeches, and if they please Buskins to tie about their legs, there is no fear of Darts to hurt or annoy them as I conceive, which also is lighter and easier than other Iron arms; for offence to them, light Muskets, Carbines are useful, and fowling pieces will do good Service; to them may be added light short Swords, and dainty light Bucklers to be had in India: and also India light and short bows with forked or broad Arrow heads exceeding cheap, which notwithstanding their guns and Swords and Bucklers they usually have both bows and arrows in a light quiver, at their backs, and by which Children or boys of 10. or 12. years of age may do good Service against the savages, who may keep themselves in safety at further distance than their Darts can reach, and yet annoy the Enemy exceedingly If he State of this land please to lay some easy impost or excise upon trade in general, to and from India, and from port to port their, and to other Eastern countries, it will be no burden but an exceeding gainful Trade, and exceeding helpful and advantageous to the Plantation. As also a Remonstrance set out in public, to excite men both traders and others, to voluntary contribution, it will also much a veil (as by example) even aboard the English fleet Anno 1628. consisting only of two Ships, the Ionas 7. or 800. Tun and Expedition about 200. Tun, Captain Swanly admiral, at whose motion the whole Fleet of poor Seamen, contributed 250. pounds towards the furtherance of an hospital at black Wall for the relief of decayed or wounded India seamen, with a proviso that the India Court should fix in the said Hospital in some convenient place, a table fairly written, expressing every Benefactors name, with his sum contributed, purposely required for the encouragement of others to follow their example, and not to forbear such charitable actions, which some seamen excepted against having formerly contributed to schools and Churches in Virginia, and Wapping Church, and other men assumed the glory to themselves, which much discouraged them; and must needs be a blur to the India Court to reject their voluntary contribution, by subscription to be abated out of their wages, in neglecting and refusing such free benevolence, which being followed was hoped and promised by all Merchants, and seamen, would have ere this day have amounted to such a considerable sum of money as would have purchased many hundred yea perhaps thousands of pounds per annum. 10 that hospital. But that clause or proviso, to have the Benefactors names set up (as before related) in the hospital, hath caused the same to be had still in contempt or of little use, because it should not dim the India governors and Committees their fames and estimations, by raising an hospital out of their poor servants purses, and shame of their own backwardness. But such free benevolence and contribution to the furtherance of the plantation, and set on foot (which I persuade myself will be much more enlarged by Merchants and Sea men, that know or conceive the accommodation thereof) will add exceedingly to the bringing that business in a short time to good perfection.  
And if his Majesty please to add or bestow, titles of honour or dignity to deserving men, according to the number of the people they transport, plant and settle their habitation in Madagascar at their own charge: to be conferred upon them either immediately by himself, or else in that Country by a viceroy, Lieutenant, or Deputy, authorized by his Majesty thereunto, (as honour of that Country to be of great esteem) it may peradventure induice rich moneyed men, Gentlemen and Younger Brothers, &c. to be more forward in the accomplishment of this worthy design to its better perfection.  
It's now about thirteen years since I returned from India, and in the way home from Saint Laurence, my affections have ever since been bent again to these parts, and to endeavour to do my King and Country service, as well as to benefit myself, and to that end gave the India Court some hint or intelligence thereof, which they contemned. But envey, malice, revenge, and cruel oppression, hath hundred it for nine years together, before I could come to any (though bad end) with the Indian Court for the intolerable wrongs sustained by them and their servants: and sithence sickness now almost six years complete hath letted me to undertake again that voyage (either by Dutch or Portugals Ships which I intended having most maliciously been denied my passage in the English Ships) and now in regard sickness hath so debilitated my body in all parts and members thereof, that I am not able to go or ride, and with much pain impulsed to scrubble this rude discourse, and being aged sixty years, and now not fit for travel, having one foot and more already in the grave, and so dearly affecting the furtherance of this so hopeful and accommodable a plantation, especially in this turbulent troublesome and obstructive times, which causeth many good men and women, to forsake their native Country, I have attempted (presuming upon courtuous acceptance, the main and I expect and look after) to publish this rude yet true discourse or tracktat, as many witnesses yet living (I doubt not) but will give good testimony of what I have herein related, as that worthy noble captain (so well approved of by the right Honorouble the high Court of Parliament) Richard Swanley, Mr. Gregory Clements, and Mr. John Cartwright, Merchants, captain William Swanley, Cap. John Proud, Mr. Walter Hamond chirurgeon, and Mr. George Gosnell Purse's mate in the Charles, captain John Weddall admiral but dead, John Hammerton and Thomas White, Citizens of London, and abundance of Seamen more whose names I have now forgotten or not living as also Mr. Richard wild and Mr. George Page, though deadly adversaries to me and mine (not only maliciously threatening but wickedly executing our ruin, all at one time resident at Saint Laurence three months together) and I appeal also to the testimony of M. William Methold, at present Deputy governor of the India Company, and Mr. Thomas Kirridge, a present Committee therein, and many Southern factors with whom I have no acquaintance, hoping that some of them whose abilities and judgements exceed mine, will for the Glory of God and the good of their King and Country, add their more prevalent persuasions both by tongue and per, to this most honourable and famous action; for want of which my prayers to God shall not be wanting to put good Christians in mind to undertake this most honourable pious action, and to prosper their handiwork therein, to God's glory, the honour of King Charles, and his royal Issue, and my endeared native Country its welfare and accommodation, which my rude pen hath begun, and as it were broken the Ice for their more clear and easy passage to so good and pious a work, which I much desire and should joy to see performed, as also more especially to see or hear that the right honourable the High Court of Parliament, would take it into their consideration to make it a business of much good consequence to the state of this kingdom; or others, Noblemen, Knights, Gentlemen, Citizens, &c. had begun to set the action on foot, wishing also that I had either ability of purse or strength of body, (being at present descrepit in all my limbs) to further the same which I would not spare, though assured to be no gainer thereby myself, and though I should in that action lose my life, and bury my bones in the vast ocean sea, or in a barbarous Country.   

CHAP. XIIII. A beneficial trade to be made at the Port of swallow road, where all Christian Ships and others resort at fitting times; encouragement to young Merchants or decayed persons of a good and honest repute at home in their own Country, a means to draw on Adventures in purse and person to Madagascar.  
ONe thing I had forgotten which now comes to my mind, which will with all the other advantages in trade, add much to the benefit, either of private men, or to the accommodation of the plantation as aforesaid, and that is as followeth; at swallow road, the port or haven for Ships sent to Surrat in India, upon the shore in open fields is usually kept a Bazor, Market or fair, during the abode of the English Ships there, which sometime lasteth a month two or three together, where the English have a Tent for their President or council to sit or lie in at their pleasure, and their to are annexed a Tent for the Merchants of the marine, the company's servants, (so called because they are allotted to do service there in lading and relading of the Ships) and the English house Purser or his Mate, hath another Tent accommodable for him to give order for buying provision of fresh victuals for the Ships, and other services. And the Dutch company likewise have the same conveniency, distant about a quarter of a mile one from the other. But the Bazor or market place for provision of victuals, or for sea commodities, and mariners their investments for merchandizing of all sorts, is annexed to the English Tent, like a little Town, with a street or two, and many Tents of Banians, richly furnished with all manner of wares, which they sell both to English and Dutch, but most to the English, who are the more royal Merchants; and the Banians buy also such goods as they bring out of England, or from other parts in India, where they have been in trading. By which means the Banians get great store of wealth by such trading at the marine, with English, Dutch, Portugals, and others; the benefit whereof may all be accrued to the English, which had I gone a second voyage for India, either for the company if they thought good, or myself, I would have put in practice, and am assured of great advantage and profit to have redounded thereby; and the more encouragement I had thereunto by some of the chiefest Banians themselves, who put it into my head, and promised to be my assistants therein and laid me down a way how to effect the same to my great profit, viz by buying in the time of reins 56 or 7 months' time beforehand all sorts of vendible commodities fit for sale at the ships arrival, and to sell the same again unto the seamen and mariners at 20 or 30 per cent. profit, ready money; and faithfully promised to assist me with monies for the investments at easy rates, and so to put them off again for me as aforesaid, some good experience I had of their affection and fidelity towards me in a high degree, though a close prisoner.  
It fortuned that during that time the ship Jonah returned from Bantam to Surrat with store of Spices, especially Cloves, which at their departure from Surrat to Bantam, and about six months' past were a drug or unvendible commodity, but at the Ships arrival inhausted suddenly to a great price, to almost double money the price they cost at Bantam, whereupon the Banian Usurers and Brokers pitying my intolerable wrongs, came to visit me and offered me great courtesies beyond my expectations, which was in advising me to buy up presently all the Cloves in the Ship Jonah, amounting to many thousand pounds, and they would sell them again for me to 40 50 or 60, per cent. profit, I made them courteous and thankful reply for their friendly advice, and made known unto them the impossibility in me to effect it, partly in regard for want of moneys to buy them up, which must be with ready money, and partly in regard I was a prisoner and had not liberty to go about such or any other business. To both which impediments in me, they propounded present cure and accommodation, and first for moneys they would supply me, with such quantities as the business should require; and secondly, for want of my liberty, they advised me presently to write to captain Richard Swanley, Commander of the Ship Jonah, with whom they knew I had good correspondency and friendly familiarity, to procure his assistance therein, upon which their encouragement and friendly persuasions; I wrote presently to captain Swanley, to entreat his furtherance therein, and to allot him the half share therein, and to furnish him with money, but he being overawed by the usurping power of a tyranus Prendent, with whom at that present he was out of favour, durst not attempt the business, which might have been beneficial to us both some thousand of pounds, which by his neglect, fell into the hands of his and my adversaries, Richard Wild President, and George Page one of the counsel  
And this I conceive needful to manifest for two reasons, the one to give information what benefit may be made by the Marine trade only, without venturing further to sea, which myself if I could have obtained (but most ungratefully denied) passage into India for my money (which was freely given to aliens and strangers) I would have made my chiefest investments in that way of commerce (which would not in any sort have been prejudicial to the India Company) and would not have doubted thereby to have raised as great or greater fortune to myself proportionable to my pains and small adventure, than the India Court hath done or is like to do to the honourable Companies advancement, with their massy Hock and credit, which perhaps was the cause of their envy towards me, lest it should turn to their great reproo●e. The other reason is for the encouragement of all honest industrious Merchants, whose fortunes have failed in their lawful vocations, especially my dearly affected Brethren the Merchant Adventurers of England, (who in regard of their best acquaintance & intelligence in general who above all other Merchants) with various multitudes of Europian commodities and manufactures, fit for traffact and commerce) are the fittest men for these India employments, both for exportation and importation) whose welfare prosperity and felicity I wish as my own) these Merchants I say or other, if they have lived at whom or abroad in credit which the Banians of India make good inquiry after, and demean themselves civilly in India, not rioting and lavishing in those unhealthful and dangerous sins to purse, body, and soul, Sha viva venus deport themselves affably and courteously towards the Banians, who themselves will do no great wrongs nor offer affront to any but will patiently bear all affronts and not resist in word or deed (but yet perhaps will conceal malice along time, until opportunity to wreak private revenge) they shall never want credit to far greater sums than they shall either need or reasonably desire.  
I will yet make bold to add somewhat more, to the furtherance of this plantation, If such course or better (as wiser men than myself shall conceive) be taken to encourage adventurers as was used at the first plantation of Virginia, it would peradventure prove successful (in my weak apprehension) this is to allot every adventurer a 100 acres of Land for every 12 pound 10 shillings or less disbursed upon superscription in a brook to that purpose, and proportionable for smaller sums of moneys, though but 20 shillings adventure but none lower, which my foolish conceit leads me to imagine, will make the adventures to rise to a greater and more considerable sum, to set that work afoot more speedily, laying aside the advancement, by way of Lottery so much asperced with infamy for robbing of poor people, and waste ul expense of a vast sum so collected, as in the last project for Virginia, unless upon better approbation, and prevention by the States of this kingdom, moreover to allot every labouring man or artificer, that will adventure his person, and bear his own charge, a 100 acres of land free inheritance: and if some reasonable proportion be allotted to women in that kind, it may peradventure add encouragement to them the sooner to adventure their persons in the voyage, also to proportion to every apprentice, (youth, boy, or young maid or girl,) transported at their matters c●arge after the expiration of seven years, the inheritance of a 100 acres more or less as wiser judgements shall better approve of.  
And no doubt but if Commission be given to the justices of every County, and Corporation in England (with encouragement of the Godly Ministers in their several parishes to incite men thereunto by application of the glory done to God, to convert ignorant souls to Christianity, to add honour and renown to their gracious sovereign, and is royal posterity, by enlargement of his dominions, to accommodate the welfare of their own native Country, and comfort to their poor Christian Brethren therein, with the great hopeful assurance to raise their own fortunes and posterity to great wealth and dignity) to frame books for superscriptions to that purpose, and show their forwardness by their own good example, it will draw on adventurers apace, and cause that most worthy famous Plantation to flourish suddenly. And if freedom of customs be for a time remitted as at present to the adventurers, to Trenedado in America, it will also add greater encouragement to the undertakers of this worthy noble action.   

CHAP. XV. The valour of the English Nation against the savages in Virginia and new-England, also of the Spaniards against a civil nation in America, or the west Indies, also of the Spaniards and Portugals against the Brasilians, and against the Indians a mighty warlike nation, also the design of other Nations, jeering us for not settling a plantation somewhere in India for our succour and defence, aught to stir us up to such an enterprise, the honour and blessing of a pious christian nation, to settle true religion among Idolatrous heathen people, to God's glory and honour; The barbarous cruel oppression of the Dutch against the English at Amboyna in east India, being to mighty and to strong for the English to resist.  
IF any yet object the difficulty of settling a hrme plantation in this excellent country of Madagaicar, in regard of the large extent thereof, and multitude of inhabitants therein (as Moses foretold what the children of Israel might pretend) saying in their hearts this nation is more than I how can I cast them out; Moses made reply and said, thou shalt not fear them, but remember what the Lord thy God did unto Pharaoh and unto all Egypt, for the Lord thy God is among you, a God mighty and dreadful, and surely if we of England take this work in hand to God's glory as they did (though not to cast out but to convert souls) so shall the Lord our God do unto all the people whose face we fear, either to convert or to confound them, let us again consider this people's nakedness, their want of arms and unskilfulness in managing war, against experienced and well fenced soldiers, and let them also take notice of our nations valour pains and erterprises, of greater difficulty and hazard, and no way so comparable for pleasure, profit, conveniency, and accommodation, as in Virginia and New England, and let them moreover call to mind the valour of the Spaniards in America, in conquering the great and rich Empire of west India, with a handful of men in comparison of the multitudes of the people therein, who (as I take it being long since and many years past, since I read that story) with 300) orse entered the great City of Mexico, and took their Emperor prisoner, in the company of multitudes of this people, riding in his throne of State upon men's shoulders. Let them yet not also forget the Spaniards or Portugals their conquest over Brasillia that populous nation: and of the Portugals in East India forcing trade and commerce, and building strong Cities and Forts, inhabiting therein in very prime places of India, as Goa, Dua, Damon, Dabull, Muscat, Mallaco, &c. maugre the opposition of a mighty warlike Emperors the great mogul, and the like at Ormus in Persia volens nolens, that most famous ancient warlike Nations, King and kingdom of Persia, in an Island within three leagues of his main Land, that afforded not the planters any succour at all, not so much as timber to build or wood to make fires withal, or cattle or grain to feed upon, or grass to sustain cattle, no not so much as a drop of fresh water to quench their thirst, in so hot a climate, but what the dews from heaven afforded them, or they brought with them, or forced their sustenance from the Persian and Arabian coasts near adjacent, and yet brought their admirable work to royal perfection, building that famous sumptuous rich strong City and Castle therein, surpassing the chief Cities of the world for wealth, for which it was accounted as the Diamond in the Ring, so the chiefest city for wealth in the round ring of the world, until the English for wrong' sustained by or from the Portugals, over came it, and beat them out thereof (with the assistance of the Persians by land) and most indiscreetly left it to the disposal of the King of Persia; who would have been glad that the English would have kept it in their possession. But now having found that sweetness of the enjoyment, many hundred thousand pounds will not recover it again, from him to its former perfection.  
And let us not contemn the valour of the Hollanders who in our day's indespite of that mighty Emperor of Java Major, have builded themselves a famous strong City in his Country formerly called Jacatra, but since called Batavia, (the ancient name by report, of Holland) for which the Emperor was so enraged against the Dutch, that at my being in India, in the year 1629. the report was that he vowed by his heathen Gods, to raze the City and expel the Dutch, though with the loss of the lives of many 100000 of his people (a most desperate daring nation of themselves, who will venture upon most desperate designs though apparent death before their eyes, as many experiences have been proved of late; a desperate enraged Java adventured to come a beard an English Ship himself, with an intent to kill all the men aboard, or to die himself; upon which desperate design he flew 4. 5. or 6. English or more before the rest could knock out his brains and slay him) whom yet he threatened and put in execution to scaile their walls with heaps of his own subjects dead bodies, forcing them on by an Army behind them to hinder their retreat, but to this day cannot prevail against them. Then why should the English Nation be daunted; so famous for valour in all parts of the known world, to enterprise this most noble and beneficial plantation, that ever was yet attempted, and defended (if quarrelsshould arise) to cause to take arms against such weak and impotent people as well (if not more rather) then at present the adventurers into Trenedado in America, to a place (as I conceive) strongly defended by Spaniards, who will oppose our Nation, with their utmost force and policy as to their most deadly foes (though at present counterfeit friends) how necessary is also this plantation in regard of the trade and commerce already on foot by the English in India, our own: Nation (especially Merchants and seamen acquainted therewith are capable of.) And other Christian Nations jeer us for not settling a place of refuge for ourselves (in 30. years' time as some of them have attained to great perfection in shorter time) upon any occasion either prevention of distaste to the English inhabiting among the tyrannous jealous nations of moors) to fetch them off in time of danger, if contention or cause of difference should happen as is likely, and we have had experience thereof who upon every slight occasion terrify our people with whipping and chawbucking, and often impose upon them great fines and mucts, with strict hard and cruel imprisonments until they have enforced the payment of their unjust oppressions, or for preventing our own or other nations from robbing, sea roving and piracy in those parts, to the great damage of the English Nation, which this plantation well accommodated will give good remedy there against: or to preserve the credit accommodation and reputation of the English by trade and commerce or otherwise, as well in the Oriental as occidental parts of the world, which if we neglect the Dutch or Portugals or both will out top and domineer over us by expelling us out of India, and encroach that wealthy action of commerce to their exceeding great advantage, and our irrecoverable, and deplorable loss.  
What an honour, accommodation and happiness must it certainly be, to a pious Christian protestant Nation, unspotted and undefiled with Idolatry, atheism, Papism, Anabaptism, Brownism, Antinomianism, or otherwise heresy or error, to be possessed with a quiet peaceable secure and wealthy habitation, in so excellent, pleasant and fruitful a Country, a little world in itself, though large in extent, compared with England (being by computation 3. times as big or greater) for its defence distant from all other Countries many 100 leagues, whether neither Heathen, nor Idolatrous superstitious or Malignant Christians can come to hurt or annoy them (being once settled therein) but by their own in supportable charge cost damage and apparent danger of life both by sea and land.  
And what an addition will it be to God's glory to reduce and convert so many 100000. of brave personable affable people (Poor ignorant souls) to christianity, as the Spaniards boast of their works of supererogation in that kind in west India; but God forbid that we or any other Christian nation should christian them in their own blood, or baptize them (as by report) the Spaniards have done in their west India Plantation or conquest, even to the massacring of all or most part of the Natives and national inhabitants therein, and that with unheard of before and unparalleled tyrannous cruelty, by tying many of them together and laying wagers who should slay most men, women and children, at one thirst, with their long rapiers through their bodies. I should greatly rejoice, to see the day though I despair to taste of the comforts, as Moses did of the land of Canaan, that the English, Scotch and Dutch all of one Religion, could perfectly and christianly agree together in the enterprise and undertaking of this most honourable action (there being scope and room enough for them all even the whole 3. Nations) which I conceive would make them a terror, to all atheistical heathen and Idolatrous Christians.  
But should as heartily grieve to hear of such perfidious treacherous acts among Christians, as that heretofore committed by the Dutch Commanders at Batavia, upon the English at Amboyna in India, which hath been twice published in print to the world, and yet no restitution made for the intolerable wrongs sustained to His majesty's subjects, neither for the lives of the Massacred, nor the damage of the Merchants (wherein I myself suffer in great proportion. And I pray God we never hear of any more such cruel Actions, and affronts from them, which may in time prove prejudicial and disastrous to both Nations whom (I conceive) it much concerns to live, as near neighbours in Peace, Unity, and Amity together (which God grant to his glory and the comfort of both Nations.)   

CHAP. XVI. Esquire Cuourteen his worthy enterprise to settle the beginning of a Plantation at Madagascar, the partiality injustice and ingratitude of the India Courts against their true loyal brother's Servants; and corrupt favour to their juggling, debauched, undeserving, mere hireling Servants. A commodity of great value to be regarded and searched for out at Madagascar and of great advantage to the obtainers thereof; Prince Rupert in a great forwardness to a hopeful Plantation at Madagascar, the Earl of Arundels intention to supply Prince Rupert's failing in the project for Madagascar.  
REport hath lately since the beginning of this tractat brought to mine care that, that Noble Esquire Cuorteene hath set out this spring 1644.3. Ships furnished with men, and all things fitting for present Sustenance, Defence, Accommodation, for an imitation of a Plantation at Madacascar▪ to which Right Noble enterprise, the God of all grace, mercy and goodness, grant him his blessing and prosperous success, the comfort of him and his and to the encouragement of others, to second this right worthy noble enterprise, and grant the means which he hath (by report) used to find, trade, and commerce with the Natives, by causing to be made glass beads, in form and colour to the Harranga, or Cornelians, (so highly by the Natives valued, be not contemned as counterfeit, and so deprive them of present succour and relief (Until they can provide more store of the Harranga, out of India) whereof I make some doubt, knowing their Curiosity and skilfulness, to make choice of the right Cornelions, and their difference in esteem of their Colour, Beauty, and splendour free from spots and blemishes.  
The worthiness of this worthy noble Esquire Courteene (for encouragement to others) to join with him in this his most worthy noble action I cannot choose but commend unto the world, though I came a stranger unto him, (and neither expect accommodation from him nor familiarity or acquaintance) and that is, that he not being bred a Merchant, but a Gentleman at the inns of Court, and in the King's Court should be able of himself (with the aid of a few intelligent trusty Servants) to manage so weighty a Trade and Commerce into India, as he hath done answerable in great proportion, to the great action of the whole East India Corporation, whose governors, Deputies, and 24. or 26. Committees all bred Merchants of esteem in their Vocation, with their multitude of Servants and Officers; of much more difficulty, discontent, discouragements injudiciousness, partiality in Justice and oppression in Government, favouring (for by respects) jugglers, impostors, debaunched, and defamed persons, and malicious revengeful Tyrants (Mere mercenary hireling Servants) in their employments in India, and discountenancing, ingratefully, disrespecting and cruelly oppressing their approved honest loyal brother Servants (intolerably wronged and abused in their Service in India, contrary to their own knowledge and check of their own accusing consciences, and faithful promise, of restitution of wrongs, and orders of their own Courts, for gratification of their good Service as hereafter peradventure, I shall be coacted or impulsed (as God shall enable me with strength of body (at present very weak) and ability of understanding to express and divulge to the world (both to the vindication of my own good name, credit, and reputation and admonishment to others (honest Merchants) that shall enter into their Service, to be cautious in their accord Covenant and agreement with such ingrateful, partial, and injust persons, against whom though I could be content for Charity sake (having to that end deferred it 13. years) to put up the affronts, and bury them in the grave of oblivion, yet perhaps my urgent necessitated case, will yet enforce me to make humble appeal and submissive Petition, for justice against them, to the right Honourable High Court of Parliament though with much grief and timorousness and regret, to give the least disturbance to the weighty use and important affairs of the State and kingdom in general, by affording redress of intolerable wrongs and oppressions to myself and family, in particular utterly ruined in worldly Esate thereby, whose sentence though it be Summum Ius in the severest kind as the present India governor hath out of his own accusing conscience in open Court acknowledged and Voted, and the present Deputy who since my return from India employed thither precedent (the place with myself was Ordained to execute) and understanding there more fully the wrongs I suffered, did by his kind Letter, condole my wrongs endured under a Tyrant President his Predecessor (a man of matchless malice) and since his return now at present Deputy governor hath by his Letters to me expressed his grief and sorrow for my wrongs and discourtesies the Court offered and affronted me withal, which lay not in his power to remedy; and yet ingratefully for private respects and unconscionably in opposition to republic good lately rejected my honest humble Petition, and denied that to me a loyal Member of the Honourable Corporation for valuable consideration, which they have freely and gratis afforded to Dutch and Portugals their deadly Enemies, in opposition to trade and commerce in India) yet I say, that sentence proceeding from that pious just and Right Honourable High Court of Parliament shall be more acceptable unto me then great benevolence, gratifications, and restitutions of wrongs, from so corrupt a Court; now after 13. or 14. years' detraction and procrastination of time (so far quelling me, pressing me down, and disenabling me to wage Law with such potent oppressing adversaries, which some of themselves have not stuck to tell me, that they are and will be to mighty for me to wage Law withal, and thereby have hindered and prevented my endeavours to get means in my lawful vocation to obtain maintenance to myself, wife and 5. Children all thereby impoverished and undone, which notwithstanding I pray God to remit and forgive their ingrateful and uncharitable oppression since (which themselves blush and are abashed at, yet for their reputation sake, will not reverse their former injust censures and decrees) as Saint Stephen prayed for them that stoned him to death: Lord lay not this sin to their charge.  
I have omitted one thing to give advice of, and that not out of forgetfulness or neglect to others good (but to deal plainly with you) in hope to make a private benefit thereof to myself (still expecting and desirous of a second employment into India. And that was this, at my last being at Madagascar, it was my chance to espy just at our landing place, within a Rod or two of shore in water, not above three Foot deep, a thing swimming on the top of the water a kind of Jellye like unto the Spawn of frogs, about the quantity by my computation of a Peck or less, but the colour at the sudden seemed black, especially in the middle or thickest part thereof, but at the sides and thinest parts of an exceeding orient or splendent blue or purple colour, which being desirous to apprehend and to see what it was, yet to eager for the apprehension before I well pondered to effect it, so rashly prevailed with two mariners to go into the water, and seek to take it in their hands between them, and they as heedlessly endeavoured; but coming to take it up in their hands it broke all into pieces, some sinking and some dissolving, but that which made me admire and cause me to conceive highly thereof was, that it died a great part of the Salt water into a most glorious purple colour, which I then supposed it was the purple of the Sea, which if memory fail me not, I have either read or heard to tell of, to be as precious as a gem of high esteem.  
And now being unlikely (yet exceeding willing though Aged, Lame, and decrepit) to see these parts again) I thought not fit to detain longer from the knowledge of my countrymen wishing industrious men to take pains in the search thereof, which no doubt near shores about that Island may be found in some quantity; which if they find by this weak description, I advise that 3. or 4. men at the least, seek to get under it a long Cloth or Sheet, and so lifting it up gently on all sides, that it slide not out again and to drain the water out of it, It may be presently put into some vessel of Wood, Stone, brass, or Pewter for its preservation, and as occasion is offered by trial of some small quantity at a time may be dried in the sun and put in Boxes, my weak opinion is that it is a rich commodity, and may peradventure be worth the weight of it in Gold, which I would be glad to hear before I die, that store thereof may be found, and good experiment made of it. And perhaps no ill counsel to the India Company to give order to their Ship Commanders, to take some pains in searching there for the same by their Boats Rowing along the shore to discover new creeks or bays or other accommodations that the Island may afford.  
Yet further to inform you of an intention for the Plantation and sending of Planters to the Island of Madagascar or Saint Lawrence. 
Lloyd's in ●lligence.   
After that it was agreed upon at the council Board, that Prince Rupert should go as vice Roy for Madagascar, he was to have 12. Sail of his majesty's King Charles, and 30. more Merchant men for to attend him in the Plantation and to have supplies yearly out of England, and likewise it was agreed upon, and a charge given to the governor Sir Morrice Abbot, Sir Henry Garway and others of the Committee of that Honourable society of the East India Company, to give all their loving assistance and furtherance to Prince Rupert in this design whensoever he came into Asia or India. And all other parts near adjacent, to the Island of Saint Laurence: I was at that present time when this was ordered, at the counsel table, and the charge given the aforesaid governor and Committees of the East India Company to that purpose. But Prince Rupert going into France and Germany, about his weighty affairs, and in the mean time it was thought fit and concluded upon; that the Earl of Arundel Earl marshal of England, should go governor for Madagascar or the Island of St. Laurence, being the most famous place of the world for a Magazeine to be settled.  
This noble Earl hath written a book to that purpose, and hath allowed weekly means to divers seamen which have good judgement and experience all over the Oriental Seas, and at Madagascar. This Honourable Earl was in that resolution and readiness, that there were bills in print set upon the pillars of the royal Exchange and other parts of the city, of his forwardness towards The Island of St. Laurence: but being a Parliament coming, hindered that design for Madagascar.   

CHAP. XVII. The use of Ordnance, Guns and Printing long in use in China, before used in Christendom, good admonition to give the glory to God, in this action and all others.  
THere are ill effects that fall upon the commonwealth in the form of trade and commerce, 
〈…〉 after 〈…〉 ●loyds intelligence.  in two several particulars, first by the East India trade, there is a very great loss to the King in his customs, by loss of all the custom which that trade would have produced in all this time, and of the increase also of trade which that employment had brought with it, his majesty's farm of his customs had yielded many thousand pounds a year, more than now they have done: if the East India Company had but received satisfaction for their wrongs done to them in India by the Hollander; lastly their fishing upon our coasts the commonwealth loseth that which they gain, which is marvellous increase of trade, of ships and mariners, whereby their navigation is mightily strenghtened, their mariners multiplied, and their trade increased; of all which this commonwealth is deprived, and theirs enriched. Well may the Indians ascribe so much to the light of their understanding, that they do account the rest of the world blind in comparison of them; only they vouchsafe to the people of Europe this honour, to call them one eyed men, which also M●sseius taketh notice of, in his history of the Indies, that those people dare beyond modesty to brag, that the Chineses have two eyes, the Europians one, and all the rest of the people of the world are blind, and indeed they do approve themselves to be quick sighted enough, for they are the Antipodes of Christians, and are in situation farthest remote from them, and yet can find the means to pry into the mines and treasure of the Christian world.  
For the Chineses are absolutely the gallantest Nation in the world, they had the use of Printing, & of Powder and Ordinance of 500 years, before any Christian knew it, likewise they have the old Testament, and I have seen them play stage plays in India, upon the History of the old Testament. Also they do write of the creation of the world 6000. years before us or any other nation, this is very certain and true upon my credit; and therefore I say it is high time that the Parliament will be pleased for to cast an Eye in the Government of Trade, for the decay of Trade is exceeding great, and the commonwealths lose infinite.)  
Now for conclusion of this rude indigested Pamphlet (truly though unskilfully related) be pleased to accept of the good counsel of Moses; to the Children of Israel (if it shall please God of his free grace mercy and goodness to grant so great a blessing to this Nation in these distractive times) which may induce, impulse, and compel good Christians to seek out for safety to their persons sustenance for their livelihood, and freedom to serve God, in a true religious way, acceptable to His Sacred Majesty and consenant to the prescript rule of the gospel to remember; That when thou hast Eaten and filled thyself, thou shalt bless the Lord thy God for the good Land, which he hath given thee (as it followeth in the latter end of the eighth Chapter of Dutrenomy,) and beware left thou say in thy heart, my power and the strength my own hand hath prepared me this abundance, consonant to this is that good advice of Famous Du Bartus in French, translated by worthy Josuah Silvester.  
Neva disant ma main faict cest aennre,  
On ma vertut cebel aennre ae par faict;  
Mais dis ainsi dien par may a faict,  
Dieu est santheur dei peu de bien que je ' onre.  

Say not my hand this work to end hath brought,  
Nor this my virtue hath attained to;  
Say rather thus, this God by me hath wrought,  
God's Author of the little good I do.   
FINIS.    

Errata.  
COurteous Reader, by reason of the false transcribing of the Copy these faults are past, which we desire you to mend with your Pen.  
In the Epistle to the Reader l. 9 for detractness read detractment. in the Contents, Chap. 7.1.3. the Sants, r. them pheasants. page 1. l. 14. desirous, r. desired. p. 2. l. 28. denied not, r. denied it, not. p. 24. l. 25. The Sants, r. them pheasants. p. 26. l. 26. Cattanents, r. Catavents. p. 27. l. 16. with, r. to which, p. 28 against line 22. R.B. wants in the margin. p. 32. l. 28. Almond, r. Allom. p. 44. against line 7. R.B. wants in the margin. p. 52. l. 22. accord. r. action. p. 54. in line 14 and 15. blot out Cutters to have made India Tobaeco. p. 55. l. 4. then for mine r. then mine for. p. 61. l. 3. sha' viva, r. alea vina. p. 66. l. 23. imitation r. initiation. p. 67. l. 4. came, r. am. p. 71. against line 29. R.B. wants in the margin. p. 72. l. 6.7.8.9. for 
Neva disant ma main faict cest annre,  
On ma vertut cebel aunre & par faict;  
Mais dis ainsi dien par may a faict,  
Dieu est santheur dei pen de bien que je ' onre.  read, 
Ne va disant ma main a faict cest oewre,  
Ou ma vertu ce bel oewre a par faict;  
Mais dis ainsi dieu par moy ● our a faict,  
Dieu est l' autheur du peu de bien que je' Our.