SANS CHANGIER    

THE REDUCTION OF IRELAND To the CROWN of ENGLAND. With the GOVERNORS since the Conquest by King HENRY II. Anno MCLXXII. With some Passages in their Government. A Brief Account of the Rebellion Anno Dom. MDCXLI. Also, The Original of the University of DUBLIN, And the COLLEGE of Physicians.  Sallust. Bell. Jugurth. Imagines majorum ad Virtutem accendunt. 
LONDON, Printed by Andr. Clarke, for Robert Clavel at the Peacock in St. Paul's Churchyard. 1675.   

To the Right Honourable CHARLES Earl of Derby, Lord Lieutenant of the Counties Palatines of Cheshire and Lancashire, Chamberlain of CHESTER ' And Lord of MAN and the Isles.  
MY LORD,  
SInce I had the Honour to know your Lordship I have not been in Pain to Whom I should Dedicate this Treatise, no Person being more Eminent to Whom I might with less solicitation, or more Humanity approach than to your Lordship, Who hath that Felicity in your Nature as not to make Retiredness One of the Essentials of your Greatness, but being clothed with Virtue dare own her Natives as Allies and Acquaintance.  
Hence I have presumed to Entrust (under your Auspicious Name) These eminent Persons to Posterity, that They (being warmed by your Aspect) may survive the Assaults and Injuries of Time and Oblivion.  
Nor will it be otherwise than Justice in You to own Them; for besides their Heroickness and Virtue, (Qualities inherent to the Birth) the Catalogue affords some from whose Loins you are immediately descended, so as in your own Person to fulfil what They were but Types and Shadows of.  
Besides the Interest of England much appears in the series of this Discourse; and I know none to whom it is dearer, or more entire than yourself, having made Religion and Allegiance the Pillars of your Family, though your Repose keeps you from the Fume as the Envy of the Court.  
But that I may not wander from the great Motive, I must yet say my Obligations to your Lordship, enjoins this Address, that amongst those Testimonies which the grateful pay, This may remain an acknowledgement of his Devoir, who is  
My Lord Your Lordship's most obliged devoted humble Servant. Ed. Borlase.   

To the Right Honourable DOROTHEA-HELLENA de Ruppaw COUNTESS DOWAGER OF DERBY.  
MADAM,  
SOme years since casting my Eye on a Catalogue of the Ministers of State, I thought it a defect in History, that such Persons as had immediately born the Supreme Office under their Sovereign, as the Governors of Ireland (than whom none comes in State and Dignity, nearer the Confines of Majesty) should want their just Register, imperfect ones (adulterated with other circumstances) I have seen many. And there upon (though conscious of much Tenuity) I applied my leisure to reduce their Succession to the present Age. But not being satisfied with my endeavours (no more than with the late crude Efforts of others in this kind) I suspended the Work till MDCLXXII. that the excellent Charles Earl of Derby (your illustrious Lord) vouchsafed his Mecoenacie, on which I resumed strength. But He being (that Year) unseasonably hewed down by many complicate distempers (better born than evicted) I languished in the Combat, yet (after some pause) having nothing to offer at his Shrine (to whom so much is due) but what (before his death) was the oblation, I thought it ingratitude to withdraw it, whilst I might presume on your countenance, ever ready to secure his Indulgence and extend Yours, though after all ● fear I have, with most Painters drawn an excellent face to its disadvantage, the work being much maimed of what I intended, some things in this Age being not safe to think of, much less to publish. However (having traced the Succession of the Empire to the present) I know not (on the score of having designed it for my Lord) whom to entitle it more proper to, than to yourself (his Relic) descended from a Noble Progeny, clear in its Original, more by its sufferings in a Cause the State and Supreme Council of this Kingdom once owned with all imaginable Zeal, it being thought Infidelity and Cruelty, yea Improvidence and folly not to succour it: and therefore you are the likelier, by a Sympathy, to countenance those, who, by a series of Troubles, have waded through the Affronts of an unsettled and subtle Nation, at whose Helm many of my Lords Ancestors have long sat. As also those, and their Ancestors too, with whom your illustrious Son hath contracted the nearest and most honourable Alliance: so as this leads you to their Merits, whose Effigies you have often reverenced in your Gallery, than which I had nothing more solemn to offer, though this intrusion summons all your Virtues to absolve  
Madam, Your Ladyship's most obliged humble Servant Ed. Borlase.   

TO THE READER.  
REader I have in this Treatise (of the Governors of Ireland) endeavoured to bring down their Succession to this present year, that you may see through how many Channels the ticklish Government of that Kingdom hath passed since the first Conquest of it by Henry II. more than five hundred years: In a less Circuit than which, the greatest Monarches have felt a Change; so that if a circumstance about a Name, the Title of a Person, the Day of his Admittance, or the Year (in such variety of Alterations as that poor Kingdom hath suffered) be mistake, the Error may easily be excused. And yet my diligence (to avoid these exceptions) hath been such, that I have not omitted the best Counsel I could consult with, ransacking the known and most approved Authors, though I have not always Quoted them, conceiving that the distinguishing of their sense by the change of Characters, the naming them a little before, or the mentioning at first on what Subject this or that man writ tacitly implies where the Proof may be had, accounting nothing more disingenuous than not to own whence the Treasure hath been digged. Wherein my Task (indeed) might have been much facilitated, would such (as long since promised an account of the Progress of the whole War of Ireland) have contributed a Record to the Building. But they (having passed over their time) bury their Talon. And had I (hereupon) desisted, I might happily have consulted more my own Quietness, nothing (of this nature) being ever exposed without Censure or Misapprehension sufficient to deter me: but so Hippolytus his scattered Pieces may be collected, I shall hope some more fortunate Genius may hereafter infuse a life worthy their Merits and Virtue.  
Where the Chronicles and private Records failed me, the Irish Statutes (in part) supplied the Defect; yet so as they only named such as have been Governors under which Parliaments were holden, never reciting those to whom (at other times) the Imperial Ensigns were committed; nor do they record the Date of their Inauguration or Removal of those they mention. Yet the Irish Statutes (as to many circumstances) afford much light, and I have not omitted their Testimony, Records of Parliament being the best History; and though some of them are exoluted in respect of the time for which they were calculated, yet the Judicious may (as the Lord 
In his Dedicatory Epistle before the Statutes of Ireland.  Bolton truly observes) Historically discern both the State of the Church and Commonwealth therein: In as much as few Precedents of a well Modelled and excellent Government can be found more rational and advantageous to the Natives, or less partial (allowing the sovereignty of England heretofore somewhat jealous of a Conquered People) than those Laws are in their Constitution and Sanctity, whereby the English as well as the Irish, the Lord as the Kern is amesnable to the Law, and may be punished for any offence whatsoever by the ordinary course of Common Justice.  
All that I aim at herein, is to make good the Title which (in respect of the Governors, who bear the Image of their Master, and every true English man's Interest in the Conquest) deserves not less Registering than the Chancellors, Bishops, Judges, Sheriffs, and other Officers of England, of which there are particular Catalogues generally well accepted.  
Some I confess (as Geraldus Cambrensis, Hoved. Mat. Par. Walsingham, Holinshead, Hanmer, Campion, and others) have, as their matter lay made an Essay at this Work. So, Reverend Camden crediting the Lord William Howard of Nayworths MS. too easily, hath attempted the same in his Annals of Ireland; yet so scatteringly and confused, as if it were no great concern whether it were reduced ad Vmbilicum. However I must own these in many things, though a direct series of the Governors was never in a Body traced to the Present till now. Nor did those (who aimed at this Work) ere touch on the Families from whence they came, or (excepting a few) take notice of their Decease. In which circumstances I have been a little curious, though the length of time since the Conquest, the unacquaintedness with some Families lost in their Original, or confused in their Branches; and the backwardness of others (as if there were an obligation in it to inform one) hath made me less certain than otherwise I would have been: though generally most of these pass not without some Remark, which I rather offer than impose.  
And here I cannot well pass by this Epithet Chief, which some accustomarily annex to the Governors of Ireland, if Justices or Justice, as if it were an honourable or necessary distinguishment of them from others usually so called; whereas Chief is properly applied to the Chief Justice of the King's Bench, the Common Pleas, or to the Chief Baron of the Exchequer, (others of the same Rank being in competition with their Power) but not to these, they being Justices or Justice not only in the Concreet but Abstract. So Philip Basset was said to be Justitia Angliae. In whom the Sovereign Power (for the time) is lodged, without need of additional Epithets to amplify or discriminate their Title. In pursuance of which all Letters or Writs are directed to them from the King, Justiciariis nostris, vel Justiciario suo Hiberniae. And in that Act the 33 of Hen. VIII. which Authorises the State of Ireland (at the Avoidance or Death of the King's Governor there) to choose an other in his room, it is Enacted that they shall elect a Justice, but speaks nothing that he should be styled Chief Justice, the superlativeness of his Power being in the Title Justice.  
The vicissitude of Governors hath been observed (by some) to be exceeding prejudicial to the Public; private Respects often introducing notable change in the State, according to their Interests (who governed) not the Publicks, Diversi Imperatoribus 
C. Vel. Patere. p. 11.  mores, Diversa fuêre studia. Sometimes to the Degenerating of the Old English into the Irish Customs through their negligence and indulgence. Othertimes to the alienating of the Irish by their severity, from the benefit of a well tempered and orderly Government; both equally destructive to the Prince's service: And yet too long a Residence (in so eminent a Place) may overheat a great spirit, if not bounded with excellent Principles. Whence the Romans (those great Masters of Government) rarely admitted their Vicegerents to brood on a Province, that their continuance there might not create Self-Interest.  
The longest time any continued in this Government (how honourable soever) was never made up with happiness suitable to the anxiety of their Mind and Body. Sir Henry Sidney (who left as clear a Fame as any man that enjoyed the place) parted with it with the words of the Psalmist, When Israel came out of Egypt, and the house of Jacob from a People of a strange language, Judah was his Sanctuary and Israel his Dominion; intimating how little satisfaction could be took in so slippery a Place amongst such a People whose Language he knew not, and such variety of Interests, though the most (who have miscarried there) have fallen through other men's Interests rather than their own failing.  
What touches on the Person or Government of any, is not writ as a History of their Times (this Work was no such attempt) only as a brief and honourable mention of such as deserve the fairest Character. What is more, being rather to difference this from a mere Catalogue, than to engage any in a History.  
As to the late Insurrection in Ireland (touching which in the first Sessions of Parliament after it broke forth there was hot disputes whether it should be termed a Rebellion, or qualified more mildly, such Catilines were within the House) I have revived nothing in Reproach, no, I wish the Inhumanity of that Age may be forgot, as well as pardoned, though such as have had a deliverance thence, and have the least sense (of what the Protestants and British suffered in that sad and miserable time) cannot stifle their silence without Passion, since some bold Pens have avowed that there were not above xvij. killed in the beginning of that horrid Massacre: whereas such as will read Sir John Temples History of the Beginnings and first Progress of the General Rebellion in Ireland, Printed MDCXLVI. (a Book writ without Passion, on unquestionable Proofs, by an honourable Person no ways interessed further than Truth and Conscience engaged him) may there discover the Motion, Cruelties, and Surprisals of that unhappy Insurrection dislodging (in few Weeks) one hundred and forty thousand souls, which I glance at only Historically, that the Serenity of the Present Times might be illustrated by the Ruggedness of those. To which I should add something of the Cessation scarce by any (save his Excellency) inviolably observed, but I am obliged to contract.  
At first I intended not to have exceeded a Catalogue, but matter flowing in, my Omer hath filled an Ephah. Yet I have been abridged too, of what I thought the Age might have born; however I do not much regret these Parings, it being safer, Vt veritas quamquam 
Veter. Epist. 50. Hiber. Sylloge p. 118.  perutilis & desiderabilis, aliquamdiu suppressa lateat quam in lucem cum majorum offensâ praeproperè pariter & Periculosè prorumpat, all (as this) writ without Periods or Cadences, that Truth, not Rhetoric, might be most prevalent. In pursuit of which (that Time might pass over with some cheerfulness) I have (with other things) interwoven the Original of the University of Dublin, that that might not altogether sit neglected as a Sister that had no Breasts.  
Whatever this is, it was collected at Spare Hours, and so it may not be thought writ in the Dark, the Reader will do Justice to allow it gathered under the shadow of the Candle.  
Farewell.   

Clarissimo Amplissimoque Viro D. D. E. B. M. D. Hibernicarùm Antiquitatum Indagatori Acerrimo, Rerumque Memorabilium Delibatori eximio.  

VIctrices Aquilas sprevit glacialis JERNE  
Oceano vallata suo, Tybrisque superbi  
Nobilis elatas despexit Lifnius undas.  
At tandem imperio concessit laeta BRITANNO,  
Vicinique libens subiit Moderamina Sceptri▪  
Illius auspiciis animi sedere feroces,  
Barbaries pudefacta fugit, silvisque relictis  
Aspera Civili mite scunt Pectora cultu.  
O fortunatos nimium bona si sua nôrint  
Hybernos! vanae nec Libertatis Imago  
Falleret incautos, animosque averteret Anglis:  
Aspice quam vigili Generosa BRITANNIA curd  
Te fovet, affectuque pio solatur, JERNE  
Quippe tot Heroas nostri clarissima Coeli  
Lumina, Praestantesque Viros vestro inserit orbi▪  
Hos inter Proceres digno splendore cor●scat  
Borlacaea Domus, summumque implevit honorem  
Illustri Virtute, suos excelsa natales  
Exaequat Proles, & quae dignissima Cedro  
Eximii gesser● Duces, ●●grantibus umbris  
Vindicat, & seris transmissa nepotibus ornat  
Quas tibi pro'tantis dignas Hibernia grates  
Persolvat Curis? Citharam laetissima pulset  
Altaque saltanti resonet Praeconi●●ilo.   
R. H.   

To his worthy and much honoured Friend Upon his History, entitled, The Reduction of IRELAND To the Crown of ENGLAND. A Pindaric Ode.  

I.  
IReland hath long in darkness lain,  
With Time and Ignorance o'rcast:  
Time, like a swelling Flood, had passed  
O'er all the Land, and laid it waste:  
The Deluge every day new ground did gain:  
Scarce any Track or Footstep there,  
Scarce could the Mountains tops appear.  
From hence the Monster Ignorance arose,  
Of such a dreadful shape, and Birth, as those,  
Which Nilus leaves when it o'rflows.  
Time's sacred Relics its blind malice rend;  
And its devouring rage o'er all the Kingdom went▪  
But you, Sir, like the God of your own Art,  
Have slain this Monster with an happy Dart:  
And now with undisturbed peace you go  
Through all the Realm, and unto others show,  
What former Ages ne'er did know.  
Ireland no longer barbarous seems, and rude;  
Your fluent Pen by'r Glory hath renewed.  
What strong Disease can now your Art withstand;  
Since you have given new Life to an expiring Land?   

II.  
Her growing flame from the first Rise you trace,  
When she did English manners first embrace;  
And her old barbarous Customs leave.  
When with her Chains she did good Laws receive.  
And thus by being conquered gained more,  
Then all her Victories did before.  
Thus where the Roman conquered, 'twas his ●●re  
To plant good Laws and Manners there;  
That even his vanquished Foes might Laurels wear▪  
From hence with wondrous Art and Diligence you  
Guide us through unknown Paths, and there display  
What ever's remarkable in the way.  
And in your Book we at one Prospect may  
What was performed in many Age's view.  
As Saints above (if Schoolmen tell us true)  
In the Glass of the Trinity may see  
The Affairs of the whole World to all Eternity.   

III.  
What a brave throng of Heroes you revive?  
To whom a lasting Fame You give,  
Which will the rage of Time out live.  
They all the Irish Glory did increase,  
Some by the Arts of War, and some of Peace,  
Lo! how they all in triumph stand,  
Upholding with their Arms the sinking Land?  
They now, like Ghosts, in greater forms appear,  
Then ere they had in all their grandeur here.  
Now in more glorious Ornaments they shine;  
And from you higher Honours have,  
Then ere their Princes gave.  
The narrow Bounds which did confine  
Their former Glories, You outgo;  
And to posterity their buried Trophies show.  
Though Princes claim a faint Divinity;  
Yet all they give must mortal be.  
But to Your Heroes You a Pyramid raise,  
By which they get immortal praise:  
The Base so broad, the Top so high,  
That all the Land o'rspreads, this reaches to the sky.   

IV.  
What a large share of Fame is won  
By Sidney, Chichester, and Grandison?  
Lo! How brave Mountjoy marches through the field,  
And makes the astonished Rebels yield;  
Covering the Kingdom with his shield?  
With chained Foes his Chariot's compassed round,  
And his exalted head with Laurel crowned.  
But who can mention calmly Strafford's name,  
The Nation's Glory, and Her shame?  
Lo! how he falls a sacrifice to assuage  
The People's insolent Rage?  
His Death his Prince's Tragedy doth presage.  
And for his Funeral fire the Kingdom's on a flame.  
So when great Caesar fell, the People thought,  
They could no more to slavery be brought.  
But soon the Empire feels an heavier weight,  
Crushed by the proud Trium-virate:  
Till a young Caesar saved the expiring State.  
How enviously the incensed Rout  
Still pick the fairest Victims out?  
Like thunder the low Cottage they pass by,  
But strike down Towers and Trees, which touch the sky:  
And even the Laurel can't escape, if that be raised too high.   

V.  
Long did these Noble Persons bless  
The stubborn Realm with peace and happiness:  
When lo! new storms compass the Kingdom round,  
And after a long calm an Earthquake rose;  
Which Towns and Castles soon o'erthrows,  
And with vast ruins covers all the ground.  
Ireland now lost▪ her old Renown,  
And poisonous Creatures raged in every Town:  
Vipers in dreadful crowds did stand:  
Which their own Mother's Bowels tore,  
And wallowed in her gore.  
Our Heroes soon rescued the perishing Land:  
Their Conduct, Valour, and success  
Their Enemies proud fury did repress.  
Methinks amongst the rest I see  
Your Noble Father crowned with Victory.  
Lo! how he stops the rising flood,  
And with his mighty Arms throws back the waves?  
His Counsel and wise care the Kingdom saves,  
Which else had been overwhelmed with blood.  
Where e'er the loyal Troops were led,  
With speed the trembling Rebel's fled:  
Thus were their Ancestors the old Giants chased,  
When Jove did on their heads his thunder cast;  
They threm their Mountains down, and ran away with haste.   

VI  
What dismal clouds, what dreadful vengeance hovered  
O'er this unhappy Realm, and covered  
Her body o'er with blood and tears?  
When her Sons armed with swords and spears,  
Devoutly made Religion the pretence  
To shake off all Obedience,  
And even natural Innocence.  
The Devil assumes the Prophet's shape again,  
And in a pious Garb deludes weak men.  
His lying spirits through the Country went;  
And with this new Divinity are sent.  
Rebellion's but a name Fools to affright;  
An Heretic to a Kingdom hath no right:  
They now for God against their King must fight.  
Thus are the People armed with Zeal,  
Whose edge is keener than the sharpest steel.  
And first Plots and Conspiracies they contrive;  
And then with open force for their Diana strive.  
Their Zeal like Hell, was dark and hot;  
And did as much torment the prey they got.  
With thunder and with lightning they proclaim  
Their Gospel, as the Jews received their Laws:  
With Mahomet's zeal they advance their Cause,  
And to convert the Land, they set it on a flame.  
Your Father soon to stop their fury came:  
Lest all the Land should be to ashes turned:  
But whilst he quenched the fire, himself almost was burned.   

VII.  
Now the blessed smiles of Peace and Love,  
All frowns and animosities remove.  
Nothing is left behind of War,  
But here and there an ugly scar.  
Great Ormond was the Augustus, whose command  
To perfect Loyalty and Peace reduced the Land.  
Ormond, our great Apollo whose Renown  
Did best deserve the Muse's Crown.  
Who rules in War and Peace with equal fame:  
And all his faithful services justly claim  
A loyal Subjects and true Patriot's Name.  
Brave Essex in his Power succeeds,  
Famed for his own and his great Father's deeds.  
Whose gallant Death and Actions do inspire  
His soul with such Heroic fire,  
As flamed in the young Graecian's breast when he  
Did a famed General's Statue see.  
So well this Hero fills his Prince's Throne,  
That he deserves to rule a Kingdom of his own.   

VIII.  
Here, Sir, you stop, and now we may look back  
On all the various Scenes you tract:  
Here we the Historians Art may justly praise;  
And there the History may our wonder raise.  
With truth, and eloquence you write:  
Of Truth the strong Materials are made,  
And the Foundation firmly laid:  
On which a solid structure you erect,  
Which is with Language aptly decked.  
You neither are with fear nor flattery led;  
But in the paths of truth severely tread.  
Truth, which we often hate, and will not find,  
Because with Interest and Envy we are blind.  
As the damned spirits of Eternal Night  
Dread the least Glimpse of Light.  
And often Truth so hides her face,  
That Errors we for Truth embrace,  
And Truth in the dark seat of Error place.  
So when a glorious Comet here  
Doth after various turns of Heaven appear;  
The Wise know 'tis an harmless Star, but all  
The long mistaken Vulgar call  
This Star a Meteor, and its influence fear.  
But when a flaming Meteor from a far  
Falls down, the People then call it a Falling-star.   
Z. Isham.   

ERRATA.  
PAge 2. Verse 2. sed for &. p. 7. l. 2. Beckly for Beckti●, p. 17. in the close of that page add, Mariscus (being ●●nt for into England) quits the Government. p. 20. custo●iae for custodia. p. 10. deal the Quotations of Camd. and hanmer. p. 32. in the margin read Pryn in his Hist. p. ●8. l. 14. deal he. p. 40. l. 6. Robert for Roger. p. 72. l. 4. Decemb. ●. for 21. p. 84. l. 17. England for Ireland. p. 97. l. 19 23 ●or 33. p. 98. l. 20. read in Killed. p. 102. l. 4. 1538 for 1528. p. 104. l. 9 Garny for Grany. p. 109. after April 1. add, St. Leger the 4 of August returns Vice Roy. p. 119. l. 4. add, with that Power. p. 145. l. 10. add Loftusios'. p. 149. l. 1. Minister for Master. p. 159. l. 17. Laxtoviae for Laxtoniae. p. 168. l. 4. coequal for coeval. p. 172. l. 2. read a Dysent. p. 174. l. 4. extitial for exitial. p. 180. l. 13. deal being. p. 183. l. 6. Carey for Carew. p. 197. l. 12. Hiberniae for Hibernia. p. 198. redeat for reddat. p. 204. l. 10. Consilii for Concilii. in the Plate read In utroque fidelis. p. 213. l. 12. Majestatis for Maje●●ati, so in p. 217. p. 251. l. 18. add, who had it from. p. 258. l. 13. deal in. p. 274. l. 21. add, and some Seculars. p. 230. l. ●3. for some read both.  
Other Omissions or Erratas (if any) are obvious to an easy Correction, if the common favour may be indulged.   

A DISCOURSE Introductive to the CATALOGUE of the Governors of IRELAND.  
THe Rise and Growth of Kingdoms have been no less the Subject then the Industry of the ablest Pens, yet their Original (after the strictest Inquiries) have in most things been found so obscure, as if the dark side of the Cloud were still towards us; no Nation being so meanly descended, but that they something in their Temper which vaunts to be more ancient and noble than others, thereby (as Sir Walter Raleigh observes) thinking to glorify their own Nations; hence their innate affections to their Country leaves Truths too often dark and sullied to Posterity. Of which Spirit the Irish Chronicles participate too much, yielding few Tracts of their Original (before the Conquest by Henry the second) but what seems fabulous and vain: most of the History of the Ancients, as well as their Philosophy, which (indeed) was their Theology, being delivered to Posterity by no better than Bards  
Sic honour & Nomen Divinis vatibus atque  
Carminibus venit.  Hor. de Art. Poet. 
in as much as when I read their Chronicles, so many absurdities appear, as I am in doubt whether I should take them for a Legend or an History; to avoid which, I shall impose nothing but the plain Story on the Reader.  
It seems strange (scarce credible) that after so many years' possession of Ireland, any should dare question the right of England to that part of its just Empire. And yet such have been the insinuations of some, whose spirits (like the foaming Sea) are unwilling to be confined, that I have of late seen many Queries started to enfeeble (if possible) this Right. And Walsh in his Vindication of the Loyal Formulary, will tell you of one Mahony, a Jesuit, his Apologetical 
Fol. 737.  Disputation, De jure regni Hiberniae pro Catholicis Hybernis adversos Haereticos Anglos, maintains, that no King of England, nor Crown, nor People, nor State of that Kingdom, had at any time any kind of right to the Kingdom of Ireland, or any part thereof: with many other damnable positions, condemned to be burnt by order of the National Congregation at Kilkenny: which if he had not mentioned, might (happily) have been unknown to the Natives at this day, who (forsooth) conceive themselves descended from a Progeny much injured by being imposed on by the Laws and Customs of England; whereas nothing is more evident than that Ireland was at first inhabited by the Britain's, the Scythians, Goths, Spaniards, Danes, and other Easterlings falling in afterwards, as the vicissitude of time administered opportunity; though if there had not been this Title to the Dominion of Ireland, yet Conquest had been a sufficient one; especially since it was at first undertook against a Nation merely Pirates, Barbarous, and Inhuman against the Laws of Nature and Nations, which the Lord Verulam (in his Considerations touching a War with Spain) as Grotius (in his excellent Piece, De jure Belli & Pacis) notably well argues.  
But Jephtes Plea to the Ammonites●ustifies ●ustifies England (at this day,) the Bishop of Rome's own Proctors having not more to produce then Prescription, for their Master's right to Rome itself; of which I should saymore, but though some cherish other thoughts, ●ew (as the Scene now lies) have the Temerity to enforce them.  
No sooner was Ireland subjugated to the Imperial Crown of England (by a Colony of Welch under the conduct of Fitz-Stephen with Maurice Fitz-Gerard, Maurice de Prendergast, principally commanded by Strongbow Earl of Pembroke, permitted by King Henry the second, then in Aquitain, to adventure their fortunes but, they succeeding, King Henry the Second (the third Year after the Invasion, viz. Anno 1172.) armed with Pope Adrian's and Alexanders Bulls, lands on St. Luke● Eve at Croch near Waterford, marching by easy steps to Dublin (oppidu● supper Crates) so obtains a Kingdom; though it hath since appeared, that the Pope's donation, and the Irish submissions were but weak and fickle assurances to establish his Dominions▪ Where having took the fealty o● the Subject Kings, of the Country and Clergy (who bear no little sway in most mutations) he there evidenced the greatness of his mind in several Entertainments, and gracious condescensions; and having settled the Peace of the Kingdom and the Order of the Church according to England in a Synod at Cassel, he on Easter-day following, leaves Ireland under a Constituted Government, which to this day continues in such an esteem, as no Viceroy in Christendom (Naples not excepted) ever arrived at so signal a Grandeur, little of the Power (committed to the Governors) being abated of their Sovereigns, unless in the conferring of some Offices, which (if they be not at their bestowing) are frequently consented to on their commending; nay, some of the Governors (as the Earl of Essex and others) had it in their Commissions to pardon even Treason itself. That at this day we may look on the Governors of Ireland, as armed with as ample Power as any Subject is capable of. Parliaments being held under their Precedency with Statutes, Ordinances and Acts passed, Coram Justitiario Deputato, or Locum tenente, such or such an one, as they were entitled by the King, whom Camden in his Annals 1565. towards the end, says (until the time of Ed. 3.) they were called Justices of Ireland, and their Lieutenant Deputies, though (by his good leave) I find they were sometimes called Custodes, othertimes Generales Hiberniae Procuratores, though when the King would seem to honour any with the greatest Titles, he styles them Lieutenants; who have generally power to depute their Deputy (Venia a Rege prius impetrata) and yet then he that is so deputed, is styled the King's Deputy, as in the Irish Statutes the 28 of H. 8. Coram dilecto & fideli suo Domino Leonardo Grace milite Domino GREY DEPUTATO IPSIUS DOMINI REGIS ac praecharissimi & dilectissimi consanguinei sui Henrici Ducis Richmond & Somerset, de prosapia sua orti, Locum tenentis suae terrae & Dominii sui Hiberniae. And in elder Ages we do find that the same Condescension was also indulged, Justiciario Regis, as Prynn in his 
Fol. 353▪  History of Edw. 1. where (writing to the Bishop of Waterford) he directs his Letters to him, vel ejus Locum tenenti; as also fol. 382. and many other places; but whether the one or the other, their power was for the most part of like authority: and say others, Synonimons. Magna certe 
Spel. Gloss. fol. 336.  nominum varietas sed quae olim aliquando cum nonnullis aliis, ex Authorum praevaricatione, in eundem competebant. Magistratum, ut in his spars●n vocibus depre●enderis. Before whom all Ensigns of Honour (as the Sword, Mace, etc.) are carried, the service at the Table being sometimes on the Knee, they have power also of Knighthood, and the very Liturgy is not without a particular Collect (answerable to their Titles) for their Government and safety; their Council is the Privy Council made up of some Bishops, more Lords, the principal Judges, the Precedents of Connaught and Munster, the Master of the Rolls, the Vice-Treasurer, Master of the Ordnance, the Secretary of State, and others as the King is pleased to summon them to the Board.  
In emergencies, or cases of more 
Fol. 346.  difficult nature, Dr. Heylyn in his Cosmography writes, they proceeded sometimes in an Arbitrary way without formalities of Law; which hath been much decried by the Parliament begun at Dublin, 1639. and complained of as a grievance; in as much as an honourable person (an eminent Instrument of State) writing an History of the beginnings of the late Rebellion in Ireland (worthy to be had in every man's eye) there takes occasion to tell, with what lenity the present Governors addressed themselves to the abrogating of exorbitances of Paper Petitions, or Bills in civil Causes exhibited at the Council Board, or before any other by their Authority sufficient to evidence its dislike. And by the 13. Article of the Peace agreed on at the Castle of Kilkenny, the 17 of January 1648. it was concluded that the Council Table should contain itself within its proper bounds, etc. and not intermeddle with common business that is within the cognizance of the ordinary Courts; so sensible have all Times been of what might entrench on the known Laws and Privileges. But leaving this, the Authority of the Governors (without assuming Irregularities) is great; and that they may be known, we shall here intrust their memory to Posterity.   
The Chief Governors of Ireland, under the Sovereignty of the Kings of England, since the Conquest thereof by Henry the Second, A. D. MCLXXII. to the Year MDCLXXIV.  

KIng Henry the Second having in his own Person settled Affairs in Ireland, constituted at his departure thence for England  
1172. Hugh Lacie Lord Justice, who, Dignitate omnes Regni Proceres, 
Spel. Gloss. fol. 331.  potestate omnes superabat Magistratus: A person endued with great virtue and prudence. He continued in the Government till that  
1173. Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke and Strigil, surnamed Strongbow, was sent over Lord Justice. 
Alias Dominus de Chepstow, Earl of Ogie in Normandy, Earl of Leicester, Earl Marshal of England, Vicegerent of Normandy, Lord Lieutenant (as is said) of Ireland, and Prince of Leinster in the right of Eva his wife, sole heir of Dermot Mac-Morogh King of Leinster.  He died 1176. and lies buried in Christ Church Dublin, where he hath a Monument for his Son cut off by the middle, and himself, with this Epitaph,  

Nate ingrate mihi pugnanti terga dedisti  
Non mihised genti, sed regno quoque terga dedisti.   
He founded the Priory of Kilmainam about the Year 1174. whose endowing King Henry the Second confirmed; upon whose death  
1177. Reymund le Grose, Governor of the Earls Family, having married Basil the Earls sister, was chosen Lord Justice by the consent of the surviving Council; who, on notice of the King's pleasure, surrenders  
1177. To Audelm●r ●r Aldelm, tanquam Senescallo a Re●e in Regnum transmisso, the King's ●ewer, Taster, or Dapifer Procuratori, 
Hoveden. Is est inter Caesarem & Populum constitutus Judex ita ut quicquid ab eo Negotiorum Imperialium justum est, perinde habeatur ratum ac si ab ipso Caesare fuerit peractum. L. Funestella De Magistratibus Romanorum, cap. 26. p. 70. Vide Pomp. Laetum De Magist. Rom. p. 92.  ●oyning with him John Curcy, Ro●ert Fitz Stephen, & Miles de Cogan, ●s Counsellors not Commissioners, ●s is evident by Audelms Charter, redeemed from the Rubbish.  

Henricus Dei gratia Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae, Dux Normanniae, Aquitaniae, & Comes Andegaviae, Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, Regibus, Comitibus, Baronibus, & omnibus fidelibus suis Hiberniae, salutem. Sciatis me Dei gratia sanum esse & incolumem & negotia mea bene & honorifice procedere, Ego vero, quam cito potero, vacabo magnis meis negotiis Hiberniae, nunc autem ad vos mitto Willielmum filium Audelm Dapiferum meum, cui commisi negotia mea tractanda & agenda, mei loco & vice. Quare vobis mando & firmiter praecipio, quod ei sicut mihime intendatis de agendis meis, & faciatis quicquid, Ipse vobis dixerit e● parte mea, sicut amorem meum desideratis & per fidem quae mihi debetur. Ego quoque ratum habeo & firmum quicquid ipse fecerit, tanquam egomet fecissem, & quicquid vos feceritis erga eum stabile habeo.  
Test. Galfrido Archidiacano Cantuariensi, & Richard● Archidiacono Pictaviae, & Richardo Constabulario apud Valon.   
Audelm the next Year builds, Vice 
Ware de Antiq. Hib. p. 168.  & mandato Regis, St. Thomas Court near Dublin, in expiation (as it was thought) of the murder of Thomas Becket. Afterwards our Governor growing somewhat unquiet with his Equals, his temper was disliked, having 
Hanmer, p. 157.  done neither honour to his King, or good to his Country. And he was recalled into England when  
1179. Hugh Lacie was again made Governor, sub titulo Generalis Hiberniae Procuratoris. Robert le Poer the King's Marshal, than Governor of Waterford and Weshford, (from whom immediately proceeded 
Cambd. of Irel.  the Barons of Curraghmore, who flourished near Dungavon a long time after the Conquest) being joined 
Giral. Hib. Exp. lib. 2. cap. 18.  as an Assistant to him.  
1181. John Constable of Cheshire, Baron of Halton Castle, and Richard de Peche Bishop of Chester (or rather Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, Chester not being made a Bishops See till 1539. in the 30 Year of H. 8. who converted the Monastery of Monks there into a Cathedral) about the Calends of May, were sent over Governors of Ireland in Lacy's room, he having raised jealousies in the King by marrying the Daughter of Roderick King of Connaght without his Licence; John Constable of Cheshire died 1190. at Tyre in Jerusalem, in the Voyage to the Holy 
Hoved. p. 685.  Land. Richard Peche was son of Robert Peche Bishop of Coventry, who succeeded his Father in the Bishopric 1162. He was buried in 
Godw. of Bish.  St. Thomas Church, near Stafford, (of which he was Founder) Anno 1183.  
1181. Hugh Lacie (having given security to the King for his Allegiance) was with Robert of Shrewsbury (of Salisbury saith Hanmer) a 
P. 159.  Clergyman, made Governor. Lacie was a singular good Governor, 
Hoved.  and established many Laws for the good of the Weal-public. He was murdered at an unawares with a Pickax, Anno 1189. whose death the King was not sorry for, 
Hollinshead.  being always jealous of his greatness. His body was buried in the Monastery of Beckly, and his head in S. Thomas Abbey at Dublin.  
1184. Philip of Worcester (called by Hoved. Philip de Breos, alias 
Hoved. lib. ●. cap. 24.  Brause) Vir dapsilis & militaris, about the Calends of September, Procurator in Hiberniam fuit missus, with Horse and Foot, the better to prepare the way for the Kings Son.  
1185. The King gave Ireland to his younger Son John (afterwards King of England, by the name of King John) and made him King of Ireland (writes Hoved.) which as it 
Fol. 77.  is well observed by Sr. Peter Leceister in his Description of Ireland, I take to be no more than constituit ●um Dominum Hiberniae; which is King in effect, the Supreme Power being thereby employed, and from thence we see he assumed the Title of Dominus Hiberniae afterwards, which was declared to be as much as in the future was comprehended in the Title of King, 33 H. 8. Whence 
Stat. Irel. fol. 183.  my Lord Coke in the third part of his Institutes, writes, That albeit 
Fol. 357.  the Kings of Ireland (until the Statute before cited) were styled by the name of Lords of Ireland, yet were they supreme and absolute Domini, and had a Royal dominion and authority, else their Consorts could not have had Aurum Reginae. And albeit there was such a grant to the King's Son, yet by the Law the King by his Letters Patents could not grant so Royal a Member of his Imperial stile, which happily the King being sensible of, takes with him into Normandy Octavianus, a Subdeacon, Cardinal of the Roman Church, and Hugo de Nunant, to whom Pope Vrban commisit Legatiam in Hiberniam 
Hoved. Annals, Anno 1187.  ad Coronandum ibi Johannem filium Regis; by which the King disappointed the Coronation; and it is observable that the Seals fixed to many Charters at Dublin, have only this Inscription,  Sigillum Johannis filii Regis Angliae Domini Hiberniae. 
This Year Earl John went into Ireland, but soon returned (having built Tibrach, Lismore, and Archsinan, alias Ardsivin Castles.) Constituting in his place  
1185. John de Curcy, (whom we find every where spoken of with so much respect) principle Governor, 
Hanmer Chron. p. 168.  and for aught I could yet discover (in which circumstance I have been vigilant) he did so continue till that Sir Hugh de Lacie the younger (the Year is omitted in the History) was sent over Lord Justice into Ireland, with absolute command of the Realm; and he continued his Government 
Hanmer out of the Book of Hoth. p. 169.  to the second Year of Richard the First, if not so long afterwards as Hanmer would have him. Curcy, after having endeavoured fifteen times to go for Ireland, was still beaten back (as a judgement say the Historians, for his impiety to Ardmagh Church) and then went into France and there died. He claimed a privilege, after 
Fuller in his Worthies, p. 25.  his first obeisance to be forthwith covered in the King's presence. The like I find in Fuller's Church 
P. 167.  History, granted by H. 8. and confirmed by Act of Parliament to Francis Brown of Tollethorp in Rutlandshire Esq, Ancestor of Robert Brown Head of the Brownists, giving him leave to put on his Cap in the presence of the King or his Heirs. And the present state of England, p. 281. mentions the same privilege 
Camp. fol. 73. Hanmer fol. 169  to Henry Earl of Turrey.   

Sub RICHARDO I.  
1189. Sir Hugh de Lacie the younger, Lord Justice.  
1191. William Petit Justicer.  
William Marshal Lord Justice, a Relation of the Earl Marshals of England, Seneschal of Leinster, supposed 
Hollinshead.  by some to decease at London, and buried by his Father in the New Temple; others think at Kilkenny 
Hanm. fol. ●●▪ Mat. Par. f●● 403.  1231. in the Monastery there, Militiae flos temporum Modernorum: though I have some doubt whether this Elegy be intended for this person, or others of his name.  
1197. Hamo de Valois, aut de Valoniis, vel Valoineis; of an ancient Family in Suffolk, Lord Justice, 
Fol. ●●▪  acknowledged by Prynn in his History of King John; as also by Ware, De praesul. Hib. 
Fol. ●●●▪    

Sub JOHANNE.  
1199. In the beginning of whose 
Hanm. fol. 183.  Reign, I find that Hugo de Lacie was Governor; but the certainty of his continuance is not specified: and all agree that in this Year  
Miler Fitz Henry, son of the base son of H. 1. was Lord Justice. He died Anno 1220. on whom Glynn hath this Epitaph in the Abbey of Conal in the County of Kildare, which Abbey he founded, 1202. 
Ware de Antiq. Hib. p. 173.   

Conduntur tumulo Meyleri nobilis ossa  
Indomitus Domitor totius gentis Hibernae.   
1210. King John comes into Ireland, octavo Idus Junii, and landed at Waterford with a potent Army; the Country fearing his puissance, flocked submissively to him, except some from the remotest places of the greatest fastnesses: the Reguli swore Fealty, Occurrerunt ei plusquam viginti Reguli illius regionis, qui omnes maximo timore perterriti Homagium & fidelitatem ei fecerunt, pauci tamen ex Regulis supersederunt qui ad regem venire contempserunt, eo quod in locis inexpugnabilibus habitabant, 
Matt. Paris.  etc. But Hugh de Lacie (whom Hanmer calls Lord Justice) fearing his presence fled into France, yet afterwards the King was reconciled to him, and in process of time he became (after the decease of Curcy) Earl of Ulster, where at Knock fergus he founded a Monastery of Minors, about the Year 1232. in the Church 
Ware De Antiq. Hib. p. 213.  of which he was buried 1242. King John having the submissions of the chief of Ireland, appoints in Leinster and Munster twelve English Shires, viz. Dublin, Kildare, Meath▪ Vriel, Catherlogh, Kilkenny, Wexford▪ Waterford, Cork, Limerick, Kerry▪ Tipperary, with Sheriffs and other Officers, after the custom of England; and having coined money (Denarium terrae illius ad pondus 
Mat. Paris fol. ●30.  numismatis Angliae fecerat fabricari, & tam obolum quam quadrantem rotundam fieri praecepit,) currant in England, as there, he the 30 of August lands in England with much satisfaction; having deputed  
1210. In August John Grace Bishop of Norwich, Lord Justice; a man well seen in the Laws of the Realm, and of great integrity. He died near Poitiers in his return from Rome, Nou. 1214. and was 
Godw. of Bishops, p. 421.  buried in his own Cathedral. After that he had discharged his duty in Ireland singularly well, he being summoned into England, leaves  
1213. The 23 of July Henry Loundres alias Londers, Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Justice; and he quits it  
1215. To Geoffery de Mariscis, or de Marisco, (probably a Relation of Richard de Marisco Archdeacon of Northumberland, and Chancellor of England, in the 4 year of King John, also in the 15. to the 17.) as some write, under the Title of Keeper of Ireland, July the 6. and   

Sub HENRICO III.  
He continueth Governor. To whom the King sent Henry de London Archbishop of Dublin, to reform the Church by his assistance; commanding all his faithful Subjects and Barons to give obedience.  

Quod ei in omnibus quae ad nos spectant ordinandis & disponendis sitis intendentes, una cum dilecto & fideli nostro Galfrido de Marisco Justiciario nostro Hiberniae, volumus etiam & praecipimus quod omnia ad nos spectantia per ipsius Domini Archiepiscopi dispositionem, una cum Justitiarii nostri & vestro Juvamine & consilio ordinentur, & in hujus rei testimonium has literas nostras patentes, etc. vobis mittimus. Test. Comite.  
Apud Wintoniam 16. die Aprilis, Anno regni nostri primo.   
And in a following Writ very memorable, he gives an account of King John's death, and of himself being crowned at Gloucester; certifying the fidelity sworn to him by the Barons and Prelates, advising his Justice to take the same of the Nobles of Ireland.  

Rex Galfrido de Mariscallo Justiciario suo Hiberniae, salutem, multiplices vobis referrimus gratiarum actiones de bono & fideli servitio vestro foelicis memoriae, Johan. quondam Regis Angliae patri nostro exhibito, etc. Rogamus igitur dilectionem vestram quatenus etsi bonae memoriae Joh. patri nostro fideles extiteritis & devoti tanto nobis fideliores existere curetis, quanto scitis nos auxilio & consilio vestro in hac teneritate nostra plurimum indigere, capientes fidelitatem de singulis Hiberniae magnatibus & aliis qui nobis ipsam facere tenentur; retinuimus adhuc Radulphum de Norwicho, ut de his & aliis per ipsum voluntatem nostram plenius vobis significemus, volentes ut eisdem vos et caeteri fideles nostri Hiberniae gaudeatis libertatibus quas fidelibus nostris de regno Angliae concessimus, & illas vobis concedemus & confirmabimus. 
Pry●● Hist. H. 3. fol. 38.  Teste, etc.   
1219. To Archbishop Loundres, Qui munus ei commissum par quinquennium fideliter obivit, during whose 
Ware De praes. Hib. fol. 107.  time I find a Writ directed to him from the King; who having seized on the Temporalities of the Archbishopric of Ardmagh, for that the Archbishop was elected without his licence, the King orders (on an offer of 300 Marks of silver, and 3 Marks of Gold, that he had from the Monks,) Quod faciatis inde secundum statutum terrae nostrae, & secundum quod tempus se habet, sicut nobis videritis expedire. Et sciatis quod mandavimus Hugoni de Lacie, quod faciat de terris praedictis id quod ei ex parte nostra dicetis. Teste Domino P. Wint. Episcopo apud Cliton, Aug. 30. Anno regni 8. Our Governor Bishop 
Prynn. Hist. K. John, fol. 10.  Loundres about the beginning of July 1228. died, and was buried in Trinity Church Dublin.  
Some doubt there seems in Chronologie who succeeded Loundres, ●hether Geoffery de Marisco, (Qui ●●ices Justiciarii sub Rege in illis par●bus gerebat) or others; indeed one but Matthew Paris mentions 
Mat. Paris fol. 366. Anno 1230.  ●im in this place. And I do find ●at about this time a certain King of Connaght knowing the King of England, and▪ William Marescallus he great Marshal the Earl of Pemrokes' son, to be busily employed in Marshal Affairs abroad, gathered a copious Army, Sperans (saith my Author) se posse omne genus Anglorum ab Hiberniae finibus exturbare, ●ut the design was so well attended ●y Walter de Lacie and Richard de Burgo, that the English prius●visu ●visu) fuger at in Hibernienses a front ●evertens stragem iis miserabilem intu●erunt, interfecti namque referuntur ex Hiberniensibus ad viginti milli virorum bellatorum & rex eorum captus 
Mat. Par. ibid.  & carcerali custodiae deputatus Then which they never had a greater proof of the English valour, or their own courage. Certain it is that  
1227. Richard de Burgo was made Lord Justice, March 10. At this time, or near, I also find that Hubert de Burgo constitutus est Justiciarius 
Spelm. Gloss. fol. 340.  Hiberniae ad terminum vitae, yet no● Record mentions his being there: so as I conjecture this Richard d● Burgo might be of Hubert's Family, and his Substitute. During whose time the King directs a Writ to Commissioners to examine the Archbishop of Dublins account concerning moneys raised out of the vacant Bishoprics in Ireland, for the paying of debts due to him. As also another Writ, to examine what debts were due to the Bishop by Services for King John in the Court of Rome; which Writs are both memorable: We shall give you only 
Prynn. Hist. H. 3. fol. 80.  the later out of Prynn.  

Rex Richardo de Burgo. Sciatis, quod in solutione Debiti quod debemus venerabili Patri H. Dublin Archiepiscopo, pro mutuo quod fecit pro Domino Johan. Rege patre nostro per praeceptum suum, & pro expensis suis factis per ipsum Archiepiscopum in Curia Romana pro negotio ipsius patris nostri expediendis, & pro expensis quas idem Archiepiscopus fecit in servitio nostro in. Hibern. dum ultimo fuit Justiciar. noster Hibern. Assignavimus eidem Archiepiscopo Centum libras de firma Civitatis nostrae de Limerick, recipiendas ad duos terminos, viz. ad festum Sancti Michaelis quinquaginta libras, & ad Paschae quinquaginta libras. Assignavimus etiam eidem Archiepiscopo in solutione ejusdem debiti, quinquaginta Marcas per annum percipiendum de firma Civitatis nostrae Dublin. Sicut plenius continetur in nostris patentibus quas inde fieri fecimus & ideo vobis mandamus, quod praedictas centum libras de firma praedictae Civitatis Limerick, & praedictas quinquaginta Marcas de firma Civitatis nostrae Dublin eidem Archiepiscopo recipere permittatis, quousque praedictum debitum ei persolvatur.  
Teste Rege apud Westm. Maii 10. Anno Regni nostri 12.   
1232. Maurice Fitz Gerald was 
Mat. Par. fol. 397.  made Lord Justice September 2. He continued so till 1245. at which time Mauritium Hiberniae Justiciarium eo quod ficte & tarde auxilium ab Hibernia (the King having use of his Forces against David ap Llewellin Prince of Wales) domino regi duxerat periclitanti a Justiciaria 
Hanm. fol. 198. out of Florileg. and holinsh.  deposuit. Whilst he was Justice he excellently well behaved himself against Earl Marescal, who 1234. had hostilely invaded Ireland, animated by Geoffery de Marisco, whom Mat. Paris calls, homo ejus ligius senex infidelis; and subduing him the first of April after that the Earl Marescal had with an unexpressable courage (most of his Party betraying him) manfully defended himself. He died May 8. 1257. Miles strenuus & facetus, nulli secundus, and 
Matt. Par. fol. 398.  was buried at Youghall amongst the Friar Minors; which Covent he 
Ware de Antiq. Hib. p. ●33.  founded, 1231. And upon his remove  
1245. Sir John Fitz Geoffery was made Lord Justice, Novemb. 4. Vir quidem praeclarus genere, divitiis & 
Mat. Par. fol. 975.  potentia. To whom the King directs his Writ, that Turvil Bishop of Ossory might dispose of his Goods by his last Will.  

Mandatum est Johanni filio Galfrido Justiciar. Hiberniae, quod permittat Priorem de Conale, & alios executores testamenti Galfridi de Turvil, Episcopi Ossoriensis, habere liberam administrationem omnium bonorum quae fuerunt ejusdem Episcopi. Ita quod de primis bonis leventur debita Regis, quae Regi debebat, & quae 
Prynn H. 3. fol. 107.  sunt Clara.  
Teste Rege apud Westm. April 12.   
On his remove  
1247. Theobald Butler Lord of Carrick, and John Cogan were chosen Lords Justices. Butler died in the 
holinsh. fol. 37.  Castle of Arkelo, 1285.  
1255. Alan de la Zouch succeed-Lord Justice, descended from Alan Viscount of Rouen in Little Britain; in times past Lord Ashbey de la Zouch 
Cambd. Brit. fol. 519.  in Leicester-shire. He was in the 34 of H. 3. Chief Justice of the King's 
Dugd. Chronica.  Bench. He was slain by John 7. Earl Warren and of Surrey half Brother to 
Camd. Brit. f. 309. Vincent on Brook, fol. 522.  King H. 3.) in Westminster Hall.  
1259. Stephen de long Espee, second Son of William the first Earl of Salisbury, Justiciarius in Hibernia & 
Vincent on Brook, fol. 447.  Dominus Capitalis erat o●dinatus. He died 1260. in Ireland, being slain by his own People; his body was buried in England. The 16 year of 
Holmes his Note thereon.  K. John, He was made Earl of Ulster.  
1260. William Dean, Lord Justice. He died 1261. 
Hanm. fol. 201.   
1261. Sir Richard de Rupella, or Rochel; Glynn calls him, lafoy Rochel de Capel, Lord Justice; who being recalled into England,  
1267. Sir David de Barry was instituted in his place; who did excellent Service in composing some differences between the Geraldines and Bourks', which were too heady for the former Governor; it is conceived that the Viscount Barries in Ireland descended from this man, and all from Barry in Glanmorganshire.  
1268. Sir Robert de Vfford, Ancestor (not unlike) of Robert de Vfford Earl of Suffolk, Lord Justice; upon whose remove into England  
1269. Richardus de Exonia was made Lord Justice. He died the same Year, and  
1270. Sir James Audley, alias Aldelegh, from whence (as is supposed) the noble Lord Audley, was made Lord Justice. He was killed with a fall from his Horse in Tocmond, 1272. June 23. After whose death till the entrance of Edward the first, Histories supply not who was instituted in his room. This 
Camd. Brit. fol. 583.  was he (as probably may be conjectured) to whom Hugh Lacie Earl of Ulster gave Lands, with the Constableship of Ulster.   

Sub EDWARDO I.  
1272. Maurice Fitz Maurice, Lord Justice, to whom the King directs this Writ, De conservatione Pacis in Hibernia.  

Rex dilecto & fideli suo Mauritio filio Mauritii, Justic. suo Hibern. salutem. Cum defuncto jam celebris memoriae Domino H. Rege patre nostro ad nos regni Angliae gubernaculum & terrae Hibern. Dominium successione haereditaria pertineant, per quod nos qui in exhibitione & pacis conservatione omnibus & singulis de praedictis regno & sumus ex nunc debitores, jam pacem nostram in eodem regno nomine Regis fecimus proclamari, vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes, quod per totam terram nostram Hib. pacem nostram publice clamari & firmiter teneri faciatis; inhibendo omnibus et singulis de eadem terra sub periculo exhaeredationis, vitae et membrorum, ne quis pacem nostram infringere praesumat. Nos enim omnibus et singulis de praedicta terra nostra Hiberniae in omnibus juribus et rebus ipsos contingentibus, contra quoscunque tam majores quam minores parati sumus & erimus plenam, Auctore Domino, Justitiam exhibere.  
Dat per manum W. de Merton Cancellarii nostri apud Westminst. Decemb. 7. 
Prynn fol. 118.    
1173. Geoffery Lord Genevil, of the House of Lorraine (newly returned in Pilgrimage from the Holy Sepulchre) Lord Justice, succeeded in October; to whom I find many Writs 
Prynn Hist. Edw. 1. fol. 136.  directed; the following may be sufficient to testify the truth.  

Rex dilecto & fideli suo Galfrido de Genevil Justiciario suo Hiberniae salutem. Mandamus vobis quod omnimodas exactiones, demandas & districtiones, quas fieri facitis venerabili Cassalen Archiepiscopo ponatis in respectum usque ad ventum nostrum in Angliam, ut tunc inde provideatur quod rationabiliter fuerit inde faciendum, nullam molestiam sibi vel Ecclesiae suae interim inferendo.  
Dat, etc. Junii 13. Anno regno 2.   
He died the 12. before the Calends of November, 1314. and was buried amongst the Preaching Friars in Trim, the Foundation he himself had established.  
1276. Sir Robert de Vfford, Lord Justice the second time, who going into England,  
1279. Stephen de Fulborn, Bishop of Waterford (afterwards Archbishop of Tuam) Treasurer of Ireland, Lord Justice. The year following he surrenders, and ufford resigning 
Ware de Praes. Hib. fol. 247.  it, he again accepts it, 1282. He died at Dublin, 1288. 5. Nonas Julii; to whom the King (for the better support of his Justiceship) granted a Pension out of the Exchequer 
Prynn, fol. 353.  in Ireland, of 500 l. per annum.  

Rex omnibus ad quos, etc. salutem. Sciatis quod concessimus venerabili Patri S. Waterfordensi Episcopo, Justiciario nostro Hibern. 500 l. singulis annis a die Dominica proxima ante Festum Apostolorum Philippi & Jacobi, Anno regni nostri 13. quamdiu fuerit Justiciarius noster, ibidem ad Scaccarium nostrum Dublin percipiendas, unam videlicet medietatem ad Scaccarium nostrum S. Michaelis, & aliam medietatem ad Scaccarium nostrum Paschae, pro expensis suis in officio praedicto, ita tamen quod si turbatio, quod absit, in praedicta terra emerserit, per quod Castra nostra munire, & circa defensionem terrae nostrae propriae ibidem sumptus opponere necessario oportebit, tunc volumus quod aliquis Baro vel Clericus de quo fiducia habeatur, per Thesaurarium & Barones nostros de eodem Scaccario deputetur, ad pecuniam nostram in eodem Scaccario recipiendam, & in munitione & defensione hujusmodi ponendam & expendendam, per visum & testimonium praedicti Justiciarii prode Consilio praedictorum Thesaurarii & Baronum ad opus nostrum melius & securius fuerit faciendum, in cujus, etc.  
Teste Rege apud Wolvemere, August. 6.   
1288. John de Saunford Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Justice a● tempus. Vir fuit (writes Ware) cum doctus tum insigni prudentia. He 
Ware de Praes. Hibern. f. 110. in his Hist. of the King, f. 574▪  died in England Octob. 2. 1294. on his return from an Embassy to the Emperor, and was buried in S. Patrick's Church Dublin, February 20. following. But Prynn affirms that obiit in redeundo a Rege Arregoniae cui pro negotiis Regis Angliae missus fuerat  
1290. William Vescy, Grandson of Eustach, Brother of Sir War in de Vescy, Lord of Knapton in Yorkshire, 
Camd. Brit. fol. 723.  Lord Justice. In his time the King directs his Letters to the Bishops and Clergy of Ireland to grant him a Dism of their Spiritualities to defray his debts in redeeming his Nephew Charles; but they unanimously returned this answer, Quod concessioni petitionis praefatae minime supercederunt. I find besides particular Writs directed to our Lord 
Prynn, fol. 573.  ●ustice Vescy, but because they are ●ut businesses of form, I shall pass ●hem over. He returned into England a great difference being betwixt him and the Earl of Kildare.  
1294. William de la Hay was constituted Governor (who was the ●ustos officii Capitalis Justiciarii Hi●erniae 
Ware de Hib. p. 346.  & Consiliarius Regius) as Ve●cies Lieutenant; during whose Government 
Camp. fol. 79.  or Vescies, the King directs ●he ensuing Writ, For Thomas de S. Leodegario illustri natus familia, 
Ware de Praes. Hib. f. 34. Prynn Hist. fol. 457.  ●ed moribus illustrior Bishop of Meath, ●o be admitted of his Privy Council.  

Rex omnibus & singulis de consilio suo Hibernia existentibus, salutem. De prudentia et circumspectione venerabilis Patris Tho. Midensis Episc. quem charum habemus & commendatum, specialem gerentes fiduciam, quod praesentia ipsius in consiliis dandis & in tractatu, habendo de negotiis n●stris in Hibernia expediendis plurimum nobis et vobis posset esse profutura, et quod fideliter commodum nostrum pro viribus suis procurabi● et honorem. Volumus, quod idem Episcopus de caetero nostris consiliis intersit una vobiscum, quoties de agendis nostris ibidem tractatus habetur, et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedictum Episcopum ad nostrum consilium admittatis, et ipsum tanquam unum de nostris Consiliariis de caetero habeatis.  
Teste Rege apud Berwick super Tweed, Octob. 22. etc.   
1294. William Dodingzele, or Dodinsel, alias Oddingeseles, Lord Justice; to whom the King directs a Writ for the restitution of Temporalities, etc.  

Rex dilecto et fideli suo Willielmo 
Prynn 23 of Edw. 1. fol. 639  de Oddingeseles, vel ejus Locum tenenti, salutem.  
Teste Rege apud Aberconewey Mart. 30. Obiit April. 3. 1295.   
1295. Sir Thomas Fitz Maurice, ●ord Justice. He died 1298. having resigned  
1295. To John Wogan, who was made Lord Justice, October 18▪ to whom the King sends his Royal assent to elect and receive Fealty of an Abbot de Weyna, so as not to prejudice his Prerogative for the future.  

Rex Justiciario suo Hiberniae, vel ejus Locum tenenti, salutem, etc. Volumus etiam et vobis damus potestatem, quod si contingat electionem hujusmodi perloci Diocesanum Canoni●● confirmari, et vobis, per literas ejusdem Diocesani inde constiterit, tum accepta ab eodem electo fidelitate i● casu isto nobis debita temporalia ejusdem Abbatiae eidem electo, prout moris est, liberetis, vice nostra, etc.  
Teste Rege apud Plympton, April. 25.   
Many other Writs there were directed to him which (not being to our intention) we pass over, though such as are pleased to read them may turn over prynn's History of Edw 1. 
From fol. 774. to fol. 888.  He quitting the Place  
The same Year (probably) William de Ross Prior of Kilmainam, was instituted his Lieutenant.  
1302. John Wogan (the second time) was made Lord Justice; during whose Government the King issued out Letters to the Prelates and Clergy of Ireland for a Subsidy pro salvatione Coronae nostrae regiae communique utilitate Cleri et populi regni ●t terrarum nostro Dominio subjecta●um, etc. Assigning Richard de Burg Earl of Ulster, John Wogan Justice, and Thomas Cantock Chancellor, &c▪ ●o inquire and ask the same. Teste Rege apud Blidam, Januar. 17. The success of which we find covered in great silence.   

Sub EDWARDO II.  
The said John Wogan continued Justice till in August.  
1308. The Lord William Bourk was made Lord Justice, or Custos, or Warden of Ireland; from whom proceeded the Baron of Castle Conel and Letrim, besides others of that Family, since eminently serviceable in the Wars of Ireland.  
Eodem Anno Pierce de Gaveston (being banished out of England) was made Lord Lieutenant, that his Exile might be the more sufferable, to whom the King assigned the Commodities Royal of that Realm. He 
Davies of Ireland, fol. 85.  returned into England in June 1309. and afterwards was beheaded by the Nobles at Scarborough.  
The same year Sir John Wogan was made Lord Justice again.  
1312. Sir Edmund le Butler (who was made Deputy to Sir John Wogan:) He died 1321. So also did Sir John Wogan.  
1314. Sir Theobald Lord de Verdon was made Lord Justice, who in die Sancti Sylvestri venit in Hiberniam: of whose name Camd. in his History of Ireland, writes that John 
Fol. 97.▪  Lord Verdon was Constable of Ireland. Prynn in his History of Edw. 1. 
Fol. 366.  mentions one Theobald de Verdon Constable of Ireland, who constituted the Bishop of Bath and Wells, than Chancellor, to present to all his Churches in England, during his absence in Ireland. An Office (of late years) I do not find bestowed on any, formerly of ample Jurisdiction in all concerns of Arms, both as to what had been done abroad and at home, with whom often the Marshal (as being of Affinity in Power) was joined. Of which you may see more in Stanley's Case in the year 1557.  
1314. Sir Edmund le Butler Lord Justice, created by Edw. 2. in the 9 year of his Reign Earl of Carrick. 
Camd. Irel. fol. 82.  He received his Commission on Friday after St. Matthews day; whilst he was Governor (ann scil. 1316.) Edward Bruce, brother of Robert King of Scots, so prevailed, as that he was Crowned King of Ireland, reigning a year, England at that time (saith Davies) not being able 
P. 85▪  to send either men or money to save the Kingdom, only Sir Roger de Mortimer made Justice, arrived at Youghal in Easter Week cum 38. milit. and  
1317. The said Robert Mortimer Lord Justice fencing with what prudence he could, at last the Lord John Burmingham was sent over General, who with Vernon, Stapleton, and the Commons of Meath, etc. encountering him near Dundalk, overthrew 
Spencer of Irel. fol. 13.  his Army, and flew him, Et sic per manus communis Populi et dextram Dei liberatur Populus Dei a 
Davies, p. 86.  servitute machinata et praecogitata. Mortimer going for England made  
1318. William fitz John, Archbishop of Cassel, Custodem Hiberniae; so that at one time he was Justice, chancellor, and Archbishop. He 
Ware de Praes. Hib. f. 167.  died Septemb. 15. 1326. potens, dives, ac venerabilis in Populo et in Clero.  
The same year, (to wit) Octob. 7. Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Justice.  
1319. Sir Roger Mortimer returns out of England Lord Justice, who  
1320. Going into England, Thomas Fitz John Earl of Kildare, is substituted in his room. This Year Dublin is made an University, Papae Johannis XXII. authoritate Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin, much furthering so excellent a Design, the public place for whose exercise was St. Patrick's Church, allowed of to this day in their more solemn Commencements, caeterum deficientibus facultatibus quibus alumni alerentur Academia ipsa paulatim defecit; as others at Armagh, and Ross-Carbery, or Ross-Alithry had done before, as since at Tradagh, Anno 5 Edw. 4. graced with the same Privileges as Oxford, so Sir James 
De Antiq. Hib. p. 82.  Ware. Though in the reign of H. 7. there remained some Tracts of this excellent Work, an Annual Salary to several Lecturers in Divinity, being duly paid by virtue of what had been ordered in a Provincial Council held at Dublin in Trinity Church, before Walter Fitz Simons Archbishop of Dublin. Since the University of Dublin (of which in its own place we shall speak more) hath been favourably restored by Queen Elizabeth, March 3. anno MDXCI. from whence there hath shot forth many useful Lights in the Common Firmament; besides Dr. James Usher Archbishop of Ardmagh, one of the greatest magnitude (for general Learning and Piety) the last Ages can truly boast of; who was the first of the Scholars admitted into the Queen's Foundation, gradually proceeding according to his years.  
Yet though Ireland (for the succession of some Ages) was esteemed the School of Literature, and the Mart of excellent manners. It is observable that very few, if any, of the Natives ever flourished in England, either in the Ecclesiastic or Civil State, though many English increased in much honour and wealth there; which Fuller (in his Worthies, p. 67.) attributes to this, That we love to live there where we may command, and they care not to live where they must obey. Certainly the defect rests much in themselves, having been at all times indulged on their Addresses, and are men of parts and capacities deep as others. 'Tis true, There were some Acts made in Henry the 6. reign against Irish men inhabiting here in England in the Universities, or being Heads or Governors of any Hall or House, or to live in England without some previous considerations. As it was decreed at a Council held at Cleonard in Ireland, 1163. Gelacius Archbishop of Ardmagh being Precedent, Vt nullus deinceps ad Theologiam publice praelegendum 
Ware de Antiq. Hiber. lib. 15.  admitteretur, nisi qui Academiae Armachanae fuerit alumnus. Yet I believe this was not the cause of those Statutes, but some more pressing occasion since, which Time and a friendlier Education hath long worn out; so as by an Act in Ireland the 13 of King James, there is a Repeal of divers Statutes concerning the Natives, for as much as they and the Inhabitants, without difference and distinction, were taken into his Majesty's gracious protection, and do now live under one Law, as dutiful Subjects of our Sovereign Lord and Monarch, that nothing now incapacitates them to be as growing and acceptable here as we are there, but a deficiency in their application.  
1321. John Birmingham Earl of Louth, (so created for his excellent service against Bruce near Dundalk) Lord of Authenry was made Lord Justice. He was treacherously murdered 
Marleb. fol. 211  by Macgohegan and other Irish men, 1329. with several of his Family at Balybragan.  
1322. Ralph de Gorges, Lord 
Camd. Brit. fol. 364.  Justice; an ancient Family in Glocestershire.  
1323. Sir John Darcy, Lord Justice, arrived at Dublin, Febr. 2.   

Sub EDWARDO III.  
1327. Thomas Fitz John Earl of Kildare, Lord Justice. Obiit 1328. on Tuesday in Easter week at Maynoth.  
1328. Roger Outlaw, Prior of Kilmainam, succeeded Lord Justice. He was Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, and Chancellor of Ireland.  
1329. Sir John Darcy, second time Lord Justice, who going for England deputes  
1330. Prior Roger Outlaw hi● Lieutenant Justice.  
1331. Sir Anthony Lucy, not unlikely of Charlecot in Warwick shire▪ a person of great Authority in England, was sent over Lord Justice June 3. who endeavoured by a severe course (the Times requiring it) to reduce the degenerate Nation to a more ready obedience. But staying not long (which some impute as a principal cause of the unhappiness of that Kingdom) effected little, as too frequent change o● Governors often subjects forme● Councils and proceedings to a disadvantage.  
1332. Sir John Darcy, the third time Lord Justice, arrived at Dubli● February 13. He went into Scotland out of Ireland with an Army.  
1333. And left in his stead as Lord Justice, Thomas de Burgh, a Clergy man, than Treasurer of Ireland.  
1337. Sir John Charleton Miles ●● Baro, came Lord Justice in Festo ●alixti Papae; but not behaving himself as it was expected, he was complained of by his Brother Tho●as Charleton Chancellor of Ireland, and Bishop of Hereford, who  
1338. Was made Justice, Custos, or Guardian of the Realm. He had been for a time Treasurer of England, anno (sci.) 1329. He died 
Godw. de Praes. P 541.  Jan. 11. 1343. and hath a reasonable fair Tomb in the North wall of the North cross Isle over against the Clock in Hereford Cathedral.  
1340. Roger Outlaw Prior of Kilmainam, succeeded Charleton in the Government. He died February 13. at Any in Comitatu Leinster; a●● then the King by his Letters Pate●● in the 14 Year of his Reign, ma●● John Darcy Justice for life.  
1341. Sir John Morris (Dav●●● calls him Sir William, oth●●● Sir John) came into Ireland in M●● Lord Justice.  
1344. Sir Ralph Vfford, probably of Vfford in Suffolk, a Relation 
Anno 1268.  of Sir Robert, mentioned before, a man of courage and severity came into Ireland with his Conso●● the Countess of Ulster July 13. Lo●● Justice; obiit on Palmsunday April 19 1346. at Kilmainam. The Nobility (who were wont to suffer ●● controlment) speak ill of him, ●● of a rigorous and cruel man. H● was a singular good Justicer, an● one (that if he had not died ●● soon) was the likeliest person ●● that Age to have reduced the degenerate English Colonies to the 
Davies, p. 205.  natural obedience to the Crown of England.  
1346. Sir Roger Darcy (whether ●● Nocton in Lincolnshire, or of ●●ick in Essex) was made Lord Justice ad tempus de assensu & ordina●●e Regalium & aliorum in Hiber●●, and was sworn, April 10. the ●●y following ufford death.  
1346. Sir John Morris came Lord Justice May 25. He summoned a Parliament at Dublin, to which the ●arl of Desmond refused to come, ●●senting some privileges newly ●●ken away, formerly granted to ●●m and his Ancestors, raising thereupon such a dissension between the English of Blood and the English of ●●rth, as he and the Earl of Kildare, ●ith the Citizens and Burgesses of ●●e principal Towns, summoned a ●ouncil at Kilkenny, in opposition ●o the Parliament; but effected nothing more than some Articles against Maurice the Justice, which vanished. He was put out by the King and  
Sir Walter Birmingham was insttuted Lord Justice, and came into Ireland in June, and was sworn Lord Justice the 19 of the same Month who going for England  
1348. Made John Archer Pri●● of Kilmainam, his Deputy Justice.  
1348. Sir Walter Birmingham returns Justice as before, to who● the King gave the Barony of Ken●● in Ossory, which belonged to Eusta●● le Poer, lately attainted and hanged Obiit Birmingham quondam Optim●● Justiciarius Hiberniae in Vigilia Margaritae Virgins 1350. in Angli●● Camden writes that he of the Nob●● and Martial Family of the Birminghams' alias Bremichams, took h●● Original from the Town so named i● Warwickshire.  
1349. Dominus de Carew, Mil●● & Baro, Lord Justice, probably of Anthony in Devonshire, though others think of Clopton, whence the ●●rews Barons of Clopton in Warwick shire.  
1349. Sir Thomas Rokeby, Lord Justice, of an ancient Family in ●ork shire, sworn Decemb. 20. who quitting it  
1351. He appointed (for a time) Maurice de Rupeforti alias Rochfort, Bishop of Limerick, his Lieutenant Justice; who died June 9 (some write April 15.) 1353. Doctus fuit ●ir bonae Vitae & Conversationis honestae. Afterwards Rokesby returned 
Ware de Prae●. Hib. f. 185.  Lord Justice, and resigned July 20.  
1355. To Maurice Fitz Thomas Earl of Desmond. He died in Dublin Castle die Conversionis St. Pauli following.  
1356. Sir Thomas Rokesby was again Lord Justice. He died the same year in the Castle of Kilka. H● was an excellent Governor: h● held a Parliament at Kilkenny, acting therein many Laws for reducing the English Colonies to their Obedience. It is recorded of him, that he would eat in Wooden dishes, but pay for his meat silver and gold.  
1357. Sir Almarick de Sancta Amando (of which name and (for aught I can yet read) of whose Family the Barons de Sancto Amand● of Widehay in Berkshire are probably 
Camd. Brit. fol. 283.  descended) Lord Justice; he returned into England, anno 1358 or 1359. when  
1359. James Butler Earl of Ormond, son of Edmund Earl of Carrick was made Lord Justice. He was 
Camd. Irel. fol. 82.  created Earl of Ormond anno 2 Ed▪ 3. and by some styled Earl of Tiperary. Quem Edw. 3. eo honoris evixit▪ 
Camd. Title Leinster.  cujus majores olim honorarii erant Hiberniae Pincernae, unde illis hoc nomen Butler impositum. He married the daughter of Humphrey Bohun Earl of Hereford, whom he had by a daughter of King Edw. 1. whereupon his son James was ever styled, The Noble Earl.  
1360. The Earl of Ormond going into England, Maurice Fitz Thomas Earl of Kildare was made Lord Justice, ut sequitur:  

Omnibus ad quos hae Literae provenerint salutem. Sciatis quod commissimus dilecto & fideli nostro Mauritio Comiti Kildare, Officium Justiciarii nostri terrae nostrae Hiberniae, & terram nostram Hiberniam, cum Castris et omnibus pertinentiis suis custodiendam, quamdiu nobis placuerit: Recipiendo ad Scaccarium nostrum Dubliniae per annum, quamdiu in Officio illo sic steterit quingentas libras, pro quibus Officium illud et terram custodiet, et erit vicessimus de hominibus ad arma cum to● equis coopertis continue durante commissione nostra supradicta, in cujus rei testimonium, etc.  
Dat. per manus dilecti nostr● in Christo Fratris Thomae de Burgey, Prioris Hospitalis Sti. Johannis Jerusalem in Hibernia, Cancellari● nostri Hiberniae, apud Dubliniam, Martii 30. 35 Ed. 3●   
The Earl of Kildare upon the return of the Earl of Ormond Lord Justice, surrenders to him; And  
1361. Lionel Duke of Clarence (surnamed Antwerp, the place of his birth) third son of Edw. 3. Earl of Ulster, and Lord of Connaght in right of his Wife Elizabeth, daughter and heir of William de Burgo, came Lord Lieutenant into Ireland, in octav. Nativitatis Mariae, with about 1500 men by the Pole, accompanied with persons of great quality; whose pay for himself and them (Davies in his 
P. 32.  Discourse of Ireland particularly expresses) too circumstantial for us to insist on. His principal service was manifested in the well governing of his Army, and in holding that famous Parliament at Kilkenny; wherein the extortion of the Soldier, and the degenerate manner of the English, were by strict Laws reform. He died October 17. 1368. not at Venice, but at Langavil in Italy, soon after he had married Violenta the Duke of Milans daughter; where they feasted him so, as 
Dan. Hist. fol. 25● Vinc. on Brook fol. 125.  shortly after he died, and was buried at Clare in Suffolk.  
1364. Lionel Duke of Clarence went into England April 22. and left James Earl of Ormond his Deputy Justice of Ireland, and Decemb. 8. returned Lord Lieutenant.  
1365. The Duke of Clarence going into England, Sir Thomas Dal● was left Governor and Justice o● Ireland.  
1367. Gerald Fitz Maurice Ear● of Desmond was made Lord Justice.  
1369. Sir William de Windsor came into Ireland July 12. Lord Lieutenant, who taking Ship for England, March 21.  
1371. The 22 of March Maurice Fitz Thomas Earl of Kildare was sworn Custos Hiberniae.  
1372. Sir Robert de Ashton o● Ashton under Line in the County o● Lancaster, was made Lord Justice; a person of great account in this King's reign, as being Constable o● Dover Castle, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, Admiral of the Fleet from Thames mouth Westward, Lord Treasurer of England Annis 50 & 51 Edw. 3. and as a Record testifies, Constituitur Justiciarius Hi●erniae quamdiu, etc. Teste Reg. apud Westm', April 28. part 1. pat. anno 43 Edw. 3. M. 15. He is buried in 
Weavers Fun. Monum. fol. 268.  the Church in Dover Castle, with this Inscription;  Hic jacet Robertus Ashton, Miles, quondam Constabularius Castri Dovoriae, & Custos 5 Portuum; Qui obiit nono die Jan. Anno Domini 1384. Cujus animae propitietur Deus. Amen. 
In the 44. of this King's Reign (saith my Lord Coke) in the 46. (writes Rushw.) 1371/2. Sir Richard 
Fol. 523.  Pembridge alias Pembrugh, a Baron, was appointed Deputy of Ireland, but he refused to go; whereupon his Offices, Fees, and Lands, which he held of the King for life, being his Servant (as Warden of the Cinque Ports, etc.) were all seized on pro servitio impendendo; yet he was no● upon that resolution committed t● Prison; for that he being unwilling to go, the Employment was adjudged an Exile, and no man by the Common Law is perdere patriam, but by Authority of Parliament, 
Coke Instit. Part 2. fol. 47.  or in case of Abjuration fo● Felony.  
1374. Sir William de Windsor arrived at Waterford Lord Lieutenant April 18. and took his Oath for th● execution of his Place at Kilkenny May 4. following; undertaking th● Custody of Ireland for 11213l. 6s. 8a▪ but did no wonders. He descende● of Sir James de Windsor, Lord o● Stanwel in Middlesex, as I understand from the present Lord Windsor.  
1376. James Butler Earl of Ormond, succeeded in the Government.   

Sub RICHARDO II.  
James Butler Earl of Ormond continued Lord Governor till that 1379. John de Bromwich was made Lord Justice, to whom succeeded Edmund Mortimer, Lord Lieutenant. He died at Cork 1381. on St Stephen's day, in the Abbey of Dominicans, 
York Title March, fol. 197.  and was buried at Wigmore.  
1381. John Colton, Dean of S. Patrick's by Dublin, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, afterwards Archbishop of Ardmagh, was made Lord Justice: He took his Oath at Cork in the Covent of the Preaching Friars, Decemb. 27. He died the 5. of the Calends of May 1404. and was buried in Droghedagh in Saint Peter's Church, where sometime before his death, he renounced his Prelacy.  
1383. Philip de Courtney, Lord Lieutenant, and then  
1385. Robert Vere, the ninth Earl of Oxford, a great Favourite of the Kings, was made Lord Lieutenant, having been created Marquis of Dublin and Duke of Ireland the 10 of Richard 2. in which year the King furnished him with a great sum of Money, that he might go into Ireland to get Dominium quod sibi Rex donaverat. So Walsingham. Sed novus iste insolitus & umbratilis 
Coke of Ireland fol. 357.  honour cito evanuit. Brook in his Catalogue of Nobility, saith more, to whom I refer you. He died in Lovania, 1392. in great anguish of mind and penury; leaving (saith Camd.) nothing but to his Tomb Titles, and to the World matter of Talk. He was buried at Colne in Essex, in great Funeral State, the King a Mourner. After all his preparations and full Charter even to pass all things with his own Teste. He (as some others) bore only the Title of Lieutenant, never going into Ireland, but deputed  
1385. Sir John Stanley, his Lieutenant.  
1387. Alexander de Balscot, alias Petit, Bishop of Meath, (who had been Treasurer and Chancellor of Ireland,) Lord Justice. He died at Ardbracan (a Village in Meath) the 10 of November 1400. and was buried 
Ware de Praes. Hib. fol. 36.  at Trim in St. Mary's Monastery.  
1389. Sir John Stanley (returning into Ireland) took his Oath of Lord Justice, Octob. 25. the Earl of Oxford (nomine) being Lord Lieutenant.  
1392. James Earl of Ormond, Lord Justice; during whose Government the Earl of Oxford (under whom he was Justice) died (as we have said) in Lovania; yet he continued his Government, his Patent being from the King, not determining with the Earl of Oxford's death.  
1394. Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, (who afterwards was treacherously strangled) going with an Army for Ireland (cujus Insulae judum Rex creaverat eum Ducem) was suddenly recalled; and the same 
Walsing. Hypod. Neust.  year,  
King Richard 2. (having been slighted by the Princes of Germany, to whom by his Ambassadors he addressed himself to have been made Emperor) arrived at Waterford October 2. with an Army of 4000 men at Arms, and 30000 Archers, the better to convince them of his Manhood. But returned at Shrovetide, being cheated by a feigned submission of the Irish. And 
Davies, p. 42. and forwards.  at his return he left  
Roger Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, Lord of Wigmore, Trim, Clare, and Connaght, Lord Lieutenant. He was afterwards slain by O. Brien, etc. at Kenlis in Ossory July 20. 1398. on whose death  
1398. Roger Grace was chosen Lord Justice in his stead.  
The same year Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey, Earl of Kent, and Lord Wake, half Brother to King R. 2. came to Dublin Lord Lieutenant October 7. He was in 1400. beheaded 
Vincent on Brook, fol. 528  for conspiring to set up King Richard 2. after King Henry 4. had been established.  
1399. King Richard the second time came into Ireland to revenge Mortimer's death, and arrived at Waterford June 1. upon whose arrival all things succeeded prosperously; for the Irish being divided into many Factions, and they not being united, the whole was sooner overcome. But in the height of these proceedings, Tidings came of Henry Duke of Lancaster's preparations and proceedings in England. Upon which the King quieted all things (at a great uncertainty) in Ireland, and having there imprisoned (in Trim Castle) the sons of the Duke of Gloucester and Lancaster, he arrived (in three nights) at Milford-haven in Wales, and thence marched forwards to his Ruin, yielding himself up at Flint. At his disserting of Ireland we find not who was left Governor. But the time not being long betwixt Duke Henry's being settled in the Throne, and King Richard 2. coming out of Ireland, we may probably conjecture, who commanded the Army, had also the Government of the Realm.   

Sub HENRICO IU.  
1399. Sir John Stanley was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Decemb. 10. Whilst he thus possessed the Government, I find in Ware, De 
Fol. 271.  Praes. Hib. a Writ from H. 4. anno 1400. directed to Sir Thomas de Burgo Knight, Justiciario suo in partibus Conaciae, ordering him to restore the Temporalities to Thomas Bishop Alladensis. And here that it might not be supposed that this Sir Thomas, entitled Justice, had thereby any other power then a Justiceship of Peace, or at most (as we now call it) the Presidentship of Connaght I could not but take notice hereof, not having met with the like precedent; the usual Writs (for the restoring of Temporalities) being to the chief Governor only, as Justiciario Regis, of which in prynn's History of King John, H. 3. Ed. 1. are many Precedents.  
1401. In May Sir John Stanley goes for England, and leaves Sir William Stanley of Holton in Werral in Cheshire, in his place.  
1401. August 23. Stephen Scroop, of which Family there was the Lord Scroop of Bolton Castle in Richmondshire, arrived in Ireland, Deputy to Thomas of Lancaster (the Kings Son.)  
He came into Ireland November 13. the same year; who going for England about Novemb. 11.  
1403. Left Stephen Scroop his Deputy; and he going for England the first day of Lent, the Noblemen of Ireland chose  
James Earl of Ormond Lord Justice, who died at Gauran (or Raligauran) 1405. September 6. to whom succeeded  
1405. Gerald Earl of Kildare.  
1406. After Michaelmass Stephen Scroop returned into Ireland Deputy to Thomas of Lancaster, Lord Lieutenant. He died at Tristle-Dermot, Jan. 16. 1408.  
1407. Scroop going this Year into England, James Butler Earl of Ormond, son of the former Earl, was elected by the Country, Lord Justice.  
1408. Thomas of Lancaster the King's Son, lands at Carlingford in Ireland August 2. Lord Lieutenant. The third of the Ides of March following he returned for England. Afterwards (viz.) March 22. 1421. 
S●●w.  he was slain at the Battle of Bangy by the Duke of Alencon. On his remove he left  
Thomas Butler Prior of Kilmainam his Deputy. During his Government (viz. in the tenth year of the King) Hen. 4. gave the Sword to the City of Dublin, formerly governed by a Provost, as appears by their ancient Seal, called Signum Praepositurae, which in the 14 of Hen. 3. was governed by a Major with two Bailiffs, which Bailiffs were changed into Sheriffs by Charter of Ed. 6. 
Camp. Hist. fol. 96.  1547. Since in the 17 year of King Charles 1. by a Patent dated July 29. at Westminster, the Government was changed into a Lord Major, though they took not up the Title till Michaelmass 1665. that  

Sir Daniel Bellingham Knight, Goldsmith, for the Year beginning at Michaelmass, was made Lord Major, 1665.  
John Desmynieres, Merchant, 1666.  
Mark Quinne, Apothecary, 1667.  
John Forrest, Merchant, and sometimes Chandler, 1668.  
Lewis Desmynieres, Merchant, 1669.  
Enoch Reader, Merchant, 1670.  
John Tottie, Merchant, and sometimes Glover, 1671.  
Robert Dery, Shoemaker, 1672.  
Joshua Allen, Merchant, 1673.    

Sub HENRICO V.  
1413. The said Prior of Kilmainam continued Lord Justice, till that  
1413. October 7. Sir John Stanley landed at Clantarfe near Dublin, Lord Lieutenant. He died Jan. 6. following at Ardee. He was the Son of John the Ancestor of the illustrious Family of the Stanleys', first created Earl of Derby, Anno 1 H. 7. The transactions of whose Affairs in Ireland, were preserved (with other evidences) in the Eagle Tower at Lathum in Lancashire, till the Ruins of that magnificent Seat fell a Sacrifice to the Insolences of the late Times, which the last Lord CHARLES (a person of exemplary worth and humanity, who died Decemb. 1. 1672.) hath since raised up (with advantage) from its Loyal Rubbish, 1671.  
Upon Sir John Stanleys' death the 11. of February following, Thomas Cranley Archbishop of Dublin, twice Chancellor of Ireland, was elected Lord Justice. Of whom Ware writes 
De Praes. Hib. 12. fol. 115.  that Vir fuit qui non modo ingenio verum etiam Calamo (utpote bonis instructus Artibus) plurimum valuit; with which Elegy I may very well take up, but being that he was buried in New College Chapel in Oxford, of which he had been the first Warden, I may injure their Antiquities not to insert his Epitaph, which so long they have admitted in their Sanctuary, though truly it neither bespeaks his worth, or the least ingenuity of those Times. He was sometimes Chancellor of Oxford. He died May 25. 1417. at Faringdon, and on a fair Stone in New College Chappel inlaid with Brass, there is a Portraiture of a Bishop clothed in his sacred Vestments, over whom there is placed the Arms of the See of Dublin and his own, and under all this Inscription,  

Incedens siste, locus Aspice quod tenet iste,  
Annis bis denis pater almus alumnus Egenis,  
Pontificis gratum Develyn Corpus tumulatum,  
Sedet Sacratus fungens vice pontificatus.  
Transfuga quem Cernis dum vita vices variavit  
Spiritus eripitur, non arte valens revocari.  
Mors Carnis, vivit, sub Humo lectum sibi stravit,  
Quaeso piis praecibus sibi viribus auxiliari.   
This Inscription incompasses the sides of the Stone.  

Flori Pontificum Thomae Cranley, Deus istum  
Annuit optatum funer is esse locum  
Talem nutrivit locus is, quem postea rexit  
Quo sibi quaesivit requiem cum lumina flexit  
M C junge quater, I duples, V numerater  
Invenies annum quo ruit iste Pater  
Aldelmi festo cursu migravit honesto  
Qui circumstatis praecibus sibi subveniatis.   
1414. Sir John Talbot, Lord Furnival and Verdon, lands at Dalkie in Ireland, September 10. Lord Lieutenant.  
Whilst he was Lieutenant of Ireland, Anno (sci.) 1418. the Earl of Kilmain with 1600 men armed after their fashion (which you may read in the year 1578. Pelham being Justice) came from Harflue, where they landed and did excellent service as they were commanded to attend in the Forest of Lions; 
Truss. fol. 111.  these were the first most considerable Forces drawn out of Ireland. When he left Ireland he substituted his Brother  
1419. Richard Talbot, Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Justice, July 22.  
1420. James Butler, Earl of Ormond, landed at Waterford April 4. Lord Lieutenant.   

Sub HENRICO VI.  
1422. The said Earl of Ormond continued Lord Lieutenant till that  
1423. Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, was sent over Lord Lieutenant. He died of the Plague in the Castle of Trim in Ireland, 1424. the third year of King H. 6. 
Vincent on Brook, fol. 329.  and was buried at Stoke near Clare.  
1425. John Lord Talbot was made Lord Justice.  
1426. James Butler Earl of Ormond, Lord Justice. He died as it is conjectured, at Ormond-Place near Garlick-Hithe London, a noble seat of that Families, and was certainly 
Stow Survey of London in 4 to. p 487.  buried at St. Thomas of Acres, called Mercer's Chapel, and Dame Joan his Countess, 1428.  
1427. Sir John de Grace, Lord Lieutenant, arrived at Houth the last of July, and August 1. took his Oath. Who afterwards going for England left  
1428. Edward Dantsey, Bishop of Meath, for a time Treasurer of 
Ware de Praes. fol. 36.  Ireland, his Deputy. He died Jan. 4. 1428.  
1428. The Right Noble and Right Gracious Lord, Sir John Sutton, (whether of Stourton Castle in Staffordshire, or of the Family of Nottingham, is uncertain) was made Lord Lieutenant; before whom a Parliament was held at Dublin the Friday after the Feast of All-Saints, in the 7 of this King's Reign. 
Stat. Irel. fol. 3.   
1429. Sir Thomas Strange was made Deputy to Sir John Sutton; probably this Strange came from 
Camd. Brit. fol. 48●.  Hunstanton in Norfolk.  
1432. Sir Thomas Stanley was made Lord Lieutenant. He going for England constitutes  
1432. Sir Christopher Plunket his Deputy a valiant and wise man, who in right of his Wife, heir of the Family 
Camd. Irel. fol. 95.  of the Cusacks, was afterwards made Baron of Killin, and his second Son Baron of Dunsany.  
1435. Sir Thomas Stanley returns again Lord Lieutenant.  
1436. Richard Talbot, Brother of John Earl of Shrewsbury, Archbishop of Dublin, was made Deputy to Sir Thomas Stanley, Lord Lieutenant.  
1438. Lion Lord Wells, Lord Lieutenant, of Alford in Lincolnshire, an ancient and Worthy Family.  
1440. Richard Talbot, Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Justice, before whom a Parliament was held at Dublin in the 18 year of the King's Reign.  
The same Year James Earl of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant, and before the end of the year  
Lion Lord Wells again Lord Lieutenant. This I conceive was that worthy person, who not prevailing with his Son Sir Robert Wells to quit H. 6. Interests, was beheaded by Edw. 4. 1470. 
Speed, fol. 876.   
1441. James Earl of Ormond, Deputy to the said Lion Lord Wells, to whom as it seems by Sir James Ware, de Praes. Hib. fol. 170. the Temporalities of the Bishopric of Cassels (on the death of Richard O-Hedian) was add firmam given for 10 years, that See being so long vacant.  
1442. William Wells Esq; Deputy to the said Lion Lord Wells.  
1443 James Earl of Ormond was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, continuing till that  
1446. John Earl of Shrewsbury came over Lord Lieutenant, before whom a Parliament was held at Trim in 25 of H. 6. He was slain at Castilion upon Dordon near Bordeaux July 20. saith Vincent, the Monument saith July 7. through the shot of a Harquebus in his thigh after that he had given testimony of his valour 24. years. Some would have him to be buried at Rhoan i● Normandy, but certainly he was interred at Whitchurch in Shropshire with this Epitaph; 
Vincent on Brook from Camd. fol. 598.   Orate pro anima Praenobilis Domini Domini JOHANNIS TALBOT quondam Comitis Salopiae, Domini Furnival, Domini Verdon, Domini Strange de Black-Mere, & Mare scalli Franciae. Qui obiit in Bello apud Burdews, Julii 7● M. CCCC. LIII. 
At his return to England he accused 
Coke Jurisd. of Courts, fol. 124.  the Earl of Ormond of High Treason before the Earl of Bedford Constable of England, in his Marshal's Court, the King did abolish the Accusation.  
1447. Richard Talbot Archbishop of Dublin, was appointed his Deputy under the title of Justice. He writ many things, but (saith Sir J. Ware de Scriptoribus Hiberniae) nothing is extant but what he writ, De ●busu Regiminis Jacobi Comitis Ormo●iae dum Hiberniae esset Locum tenens. Who by Thomas Fitz Thomas, Prior of Kilmainam, was appeached of Treason, and appointed the Combat, but took off (as is before mentioned) by the King. He died Aug. 
Stow's Survey of London in 4 to. p. 720.  15. 1449. and lies buried in St. Patrick's Church, with this Epitaph.  

Talbot Richardus latet hic sub marmore pressus,  
Archi fuit Praesul hujus sedis Reverendae  
Parvos Canonicos, qui fundavitque Choristas.  
Anno Milleno, C quater, quater X quoque nono  
Quindeno Augusti mensis mundo va● ledixit  
Omnipotens Dominus cui propicietu● in aevum.   
1449. Richard Plantagenet Duke of York, Chief of the Faction of the White Rose (Son and heir of Richard of Conesbury, Earl of Cambridge, second Son of Edmund Langley Duke of York) was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He arrived at Houth July 5. the Rebels being very insolent against whom he so behaved himself that he not only suppressed them but ever after purchased the affection of the Irish Nation firm and 
Trussel, fol. 151.  entire to him; and having established Statutes and Ordinances in a great Council held at Dublin in 
Stat. Irel. fol. 13.  the 28 Year of this King's Reign; as also afterwards in a Parliament at Drohedagh in the said 28 Year o● Hen. 6. He going for England  
1450. Made James Earl of Ormond his Deputy; who  
1453. Being besides Earl of Ormond, Earl of Wiltshire, and Lord Treasurer of England (in the 33 of ●. 6. and also again about the 37. ●nd so continued till the 38 year) ●as made Lord Lieutenant. He was ●● the first year of Edward the 4. beheaded 
Vincent on Brook, fol. 593.  at Newcastle 1461. which at●indor was taken off in a Parliament at Westminster, begun in Nou. in the first year of H. 7. and Sir Th. Butler was invested in his Honours and Estate. At his leaving Ireland 
Ware, H. 7. An. 1  the same year,  
John Mey Archbishop of Armagh, ●as constituted his Deputy. He died 
Ware de Praes. Hib. f. 23.  ●456.  
1454. Thomas Fitz Maurice, Earl of Kildare, Lord Deputy.  
1454. Sir Eustace●night ●night, was made Deputy to Richard Duke of York, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Before whom a Parliament 
Stat. Irel. f. 19  was held in the 32 of H. 6.  
1456. Thomas Fitz Maurice, Earl of Kildare, Deputy to the Duke o● York, Lord Lieutenant; before whom the 33 of H. 6. there was holden a Parliament at Dublin, by several Prorogations at Naas and Dublin, 
Stat. Irel. f. 21.  etc.  
1459. Richard Duke of York Lord Lieutenant, came into Ireland having the Earldom of Ulster, and the Lordship of Connaght and Meath by descent from Lionel Duke of Clarence. He held a Parliament at Drogedagh 
Stat. Irel. f. 29.  the 38 of H. 6. the Conditions on which he took the Government were;  

1. That he should be the King Lieutenant of Ireland for te● years.  
2. That to support the charge o● that Country, he should receiv● all the King's Revenues there, both certain and casual, without account.  
3. That he should be supplied also with Treasure out of England in this manner: He should have 4000 Marks for the first year, whereof he should be imprested 2000 l. before hand, and for the other nine years he should receive 2000 per annum.  
4. That he might let or farm any of the King's Lands, and place or displace all Officers at his pleasure.  
5. That he might Levy or Wage what numbers of men he thought fit.  
6. That he might make a Deputy, and return at his pleasure.   
All which he managed with so much advantage, as he greatly gained upon the Nation, erecting only in Louth, Meath, and Kildare, some Castles to stop the Incursions of the Irishry. At his remove from thence (in pursuit of a Crown) the greatest part of the Nobility and Gentry o● Meath passed over with him into England, and were slain with him at Wakefield 1460. He was first buried at Pontfract, and afterwards removed 
Vincent on Brook, fol. 621.  to Fotheringhay.   

Sub EDWARDO IU.  
1460. Thomas Fitz Maurice, Ear● of Kildare, Lord Justice.  
1462. Sir Rowland Fitz Eustace Knight, Lord of Port Leicester, Treasurer of England, Deputy to George Duke of Clarence, third son of Richard Duke of York, and Brother to King Edw. 4. born in the Castle o● Dublin, Lord Lieutenant; before whom was held a Parliament at 
Stat. Irel. f. 31.  Dublin the 2 of Edw. 4. He died December 19 1496. and was buried in the Covent of Minor Friars at Kilcullen (New-Abbey) whereof he had been Founder, but erected for himself and his Lady, a specious Monument in St. Audoenus Church 
Ware de Antiq. Hib. p. 174.  in St. Mary's Chapel in Dublin. He had given him the Manor of Port Leicester, and the Honour of a Parliament Baron, by Edw. 4. as also 
Camd. Irel. f. 88  the Title of Viscount Baltinglass, by H. 8.  
1463. George Duke of Clarence was made Lord Lieutenant for life, but as others held the Lieutenancy by substitutes; as  
1463. Thomas Earl of Desmond, Deputy to the said Duke of Clarence, held a Parliament at ways in the 3 
Stat. Irel. f. 32.  year of Edw. 4. as also at other places by Prorogations. He lost his head at 
Davies, p. 61.  Drogedagh for the exactions of Coin and Livery.  
1467. John Lord Tiptoft and Powes, Earl of Worcester, Treasurer of England in the 31 and 32 years of H. 6. also in the 2 and 3 of Edw. 4. in whose Reign he was made Constable of England for life, Lord Deputy of Ireland to the Duke of Clarence. One of the most learned and eloquent men in Christendom. Of whom I may say what Pliny writes of Aristonis, Vt mihi non unus homo, 
Pliny Epist. p. 65.  sed literae ipsae omnesque bonae artes in uno homine summum periculum adire videantur. So that in him more learning was struck off at one blow, than was left in the heads of the surviving Nobility. He was born at 
Fuller's Worth.  Everton in Cambridg shire, brought up in Balliol College in Oxford. He held a Parliament at Dublin in the 
Stat. Irel. f. 40.  7. of this King. He was attainted by Parliament in England for taking part with Edw. 4. against King H. 6. who had then again resumed his Title with a grateful admittance into London, and was beheaded on Tower-hill 1470. and his body was 
Vincent on● Brook, f. 612. also Trussel fol. 194.  buried in the Preaching Friars London.  
1467. Thomas Fitz Maurice, Earl of Kildare, made Lord Justice, and  
1471. Lord Deputy to George Duke of Clarence; before whom a 
Stat. Irel f. 44.  Parliament was held at Naas the 12 of Edw. 4.  
1475. William Sherwood, Bishop of Meath, Deputy to the Duke of Clarence, Lord Lieutenant. In July 
Stat. Irel. f. 4●.  he held a Parliament at Dublin the 15 of Edw. 4. He died at Dublin December 3. 1482. and lies buried 
Ware de Praes. Hib. fol. 37.  in the Church of St. Peter and Paul near Trim.  
1478. Henry Grace, Lord Grace of Ruthin, a descendant of the Earls of Kent, Deputy to the said Duke of Clarence, and the same year  
Sir Robert Preston Knight, descended from the line of the Prestons in Lancashire, was Deputy to the said Henry Lord Grace, and before the end of the year  
Gerald Earl of Kildare, was made Lord Justice; Vir licet spectatae fortitudinis rigidus tamen & Praeferox. He held a Parliament at Dublin the 
Ware de Praes. Hib. f. 171.  18 of the King, and  
1479. The said Gerald Earl of Kildare, was made Deputy to Richard of Shrewsbury Duke of York, second Son of Edw. 4. nominated Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He held a Parliament at Dublin the 20 of Edw. 4.   

Sub EDWARDO V.  
1483. The said Earl of Kildare was continued Deputy.   

Sub RICHARDO III.  
1483. The said Earl of Kildare was first made Deputy to Edward the King's Son; before whom sub exitum anni (writes Sir James Ware) 
De Antiq. Hib. p. 164.  in Parliamento Dublinii incepto lata est lex de nummis adveteratis fi angendis. Edward the King's son died 1484. the 2 of Richard 3. And after 
Baker's Hist. R. 3. p. 43.  the death of Edward the King's Son, the said Earl of Kildare was made Lord Deputy to John de la Pole Earl of Lincoln, Lord Lieutenant; who was slain at Stokefield, taking part with Martin Swarth, June 20. the 2 of H. 7. 1487.   

Sub HENRICO VII.  
1485. Gerald Earl of Kildare was continued Deputy to the said Earl of Lincoln, Lord Lieutenant. Whilst the Government was thus committed to Kildare, Lambert Simnel (a Youth that carried a kind of fascination in his Countenance) was sent thither out of the Burgundian Forge with a considerable Force under Martin Swarth, a Germane, accompanied with the Earl of Lincoln, the Lord Lovel, and other persons of Quality; who so smoothly carried their Design, as the Deputy, the Chancellor, Treasurer of Ireland, and some of the Bishops (all friends to the White Rose) conceived this Pretender to be the true Earl of Warwick, son of George Duke of Clarence, rightful Heir to the Crown of England; and thereupon had him solemnly Crowned in Christ Church Dublin, with a Crown taken off the head of the Statue of the blessed Virgin Mary, who (on such occasions it seems) takes it not ill to be divested of her Attire. Afterwards that Idol, with its complices, were defeated at Stokefield, and (which some account a notable subtlety in H. 7.) our Deputy the Earl of Kildare, with all the Council were not only pardoned, but continued in the same Government with Instructions 
Ware, H. 7. Ann. 1487.  suitable to the Time. And then  
1491. He was made Deputy to Jasper Earl of Pembroke and Duke of Bedford, Uncle to H. 7. Lord Lieutenant. After whom  
1492. Walter Fitz Simons, Archbishop of Dublin, was made Deputy to the said Duke of Bedford and Earl of Pembroke, Lord Lieutenant; who held a Parliament at Dublin the 8 of H. 7. and was afterwards Chancellor; who in Synodo ab e● Dublinii celebrata Theologiae praelectori salarium assignavit à se & Suffragiis suis annuatim pendendum; an Argument the University formerly established by Archbishop Bicknor 1320. was not wholly neglected. He died at Finglass May 14. 1511. and was most honourably buried in 
Ware de Praes. Hib. f. 117.  St. Patrick's Church Dublin.  
1493. Robert Preston, Viscount Gormanston, succeeded Deputy to the Duke of Bedford. He was the first Viscount Gormanston. He died the 5. of the Ides of April, 1541. He held a Parliament at Drogedagh, which was repealed the 10 of H. 7. 
Stat. Irel. fol. 67.  because he had no power by his Commission to keep a Parliament; other causes are alleged also. The Duke of Bedford died Decemb. 21. 
Vincent on Brook, fol. 50.  1495. the 11 of H. 7.  
Gormanston quitted his Government  
The same year to his Son, as his Vicar or Deputy; who surrendered 
Ware, H. 7. f. 38.  it  
1494. To Sir Edward Poynings, Knight of the Garter, and one of the Privy Council in England, designed Deputy, Decemb. 13. and was sworn at Dublin not long after. He held a Parliament at Drogedagh in the 10 of the King; wherein (besides many Acts of notable importance) he passed an Act, That no Parliament should be holden in Ireland until the Acts were first certified into England, and thence returned with the Royal Assent under the Great Seal; which hath been the grand security of what the English hath since enjoyed. Then also it was enacted, That all the Statutes made in England to that time, should also be in force in Ireland. So making (saith my Lord Bacon) some compensation for the meagreness of his Service in the War. Also there past an Act that the Lords of Ireland should appear in the like Parliament Robes in the Parliament of Ireland, as the English Lords are wont to wear in the Parliament of England. Which some of them put on not with less regret than ours would their Trowses; as Tirlagh Lynnagh who was suffered to bea● the Title of O-Neal, after it was damned by an Act of Parliament. He 
Davies, p. 254.  died an old man, Anno 1522. He 
Ware, H. 8. f. 113  going for England in Jan.  
1495. Leaves Henry Dean, than Bishop of Bangor (writes Ware) but not till the Year following (saith Godwin,) only Prior of Lanthony 
De Praes. Angl.  Abbey, and Chancellor of Ireland, Lord Justice. A person of great prudence, soon detecting the Imposture of Perkin Warbeck. Dean died Archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth, Febr. 15. 1502. and lies buried in the Martyrdom at Canterbury under a fair Marble stone inlaid 
Godw. de Praes. Ang. p. 191.  with Brass.  
1496. August 6. Gerald Earl of Kildare, was made Lord Lieutenant; before whom, August 26. at Tristledermort was held a Parliament in the ●4 H. 7.  
1503. In April, Walter Fitz Simons, Vir gravis & eruditus, Archbishop of Dublin, succeeded Deputy to the said Earl of Kildare: and in August the same Year quitted the Sword to  
Gerald Earl of Kildare, (magno tum honore & novis instructionibus) returning out of England Lord Deputy, maugre all the malice of his adversaries.   

Sub HENRICO VIII.  
1509. The said Gerald Earl o● Kildare continued his Government with a new Patent, under the Title of Justice, though the year following he was made Deputy; holding a Parliament by several Prorogations at Dublin in the 7 of H. 8▪ And 1513. in August at Athy he fe● sick, from whence he was carried t● Kildare, where Sept. 3. he died. Q●licet magnis difficultatibus diu conflictatus fuerit, posteriora tamen tempora magna animi tranquillitate reb●semper ferè ad vota fluentibus transegit 
Ware, H. 8.  He was buried in Trinity Church Dublin, in a Chapel erected by himself. This Gerald Earl of Kildare 
Camd. Irel. fol. 100  had been at several times 3● years Lord Deputy of Ireland which (had he not been a person o● sigular Parts) he could never have ●een entrusted with.  
1513. His Son Gerald Earl of ●ildare, was Senatus Regis assensu, ●eing then Treasurer, made Lord ●ustice. A custom, mos per vicissi●dines ab antiquo mansit in Hibernia, ●● deinceps jam mansurus est in poste●m, Anno enim 33 H. 8. Cap. 2. Li●irici sancitur: ut vel moriente Re●i Praefecto seu Deputato, vel ex oc●sione▪ succedente: Regis illic Consi●●rii, Anglum elegant in Justiciarium ●● Gubernatorem Regni, Regio beneplacito 
Spelm. Gloss. fol. 334.  duraturum, that had been ●●ng used on the death of the Principle Officer, as is evident by an Act, ●ntituled, An Act for the Electing ●●e Lord Justice, the 23 of H. 8. therein it is enacted that none should be elected but who is an English man, born within the Realm of England, being no spiritual person. Afterwards by a Patent from England, he was made Lord Deputy. Who in the 7 year of H. 8. hel● a Parliament at Dublin, begun February 25.  
1515. June 13. Willam Preston Viscount Gormanston was declare● Lord Justice, but forthwith put ou● and the said Earl of Kildare wa● continued Lord Deputy; who going for England  
1519. Leaves, Regia licentia pri● impetrata, Sir Thomas Fitz Maurice ●● Lackagh, a Knight of his own Family, Lord Justice.  
1520. A little before Whitsuntide Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey, elder Son of Thomas Duke of Norfolk, Admiral of England, Wales, and Ireland Knight of the Garter, was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, magis ex od● Kildarium (whom Wolsey hated quam ex amore erga Surreium, sait● Polid. Virg. mentioned by Sir James Ware (as in the later Ages and for 
Fol. 99  mere too) others have been advanced thither on the like Principles. ●e held a Parliament at Dublin, June 4. 1521. in the 13 of H. 8. by several Prorogations. About Christmas following he went into England, where having discharged the weightiest employment of his King with much integrity and honour, as he had done here and in France, Scotland, and elsewhere, being a great Master of Wisdom through long experience: he fell at last into this King's displeasure, his son (ingenio florenti & erudition magna traeditus) being accused, and afterwards beheaded for quartering King Idward the Confessors Arms with his, though ex sententia faecialium; for which our Lieutenant (now Duke of Norfolk) was also committed Prisoner to the Tower, though he had (saith the Lord Cherbury) eye much merit of ancient Service to plead for him, as any Subject of his time could pretend to. He laya long time Prisoner there, at last was sent against Wyatt with an inconsiderable handful (made up for the greatest part) of the King's Guards; but not succeeding (having been ever before prosperous) laid it much to heart, and being tossed to and fro betwixt the reciprocal Ebbs and Fluxes of Fortune, died in Sept. 
Vincent on Brook, fol. 357  1554. in the 1 and 2 year of Philip and Mary, at Keninghal in Norfolk. When he went for England he left  
1521. His intimate Friend Pierce Butler, Earl of Ormond, (after Earl of Ossory) a near Ally of Thomas, who died in London, and was buried 
Stow's Survey of London, in 4 to. p. 487.  in Mercer's Chapel 1515. Quo subditum ditiorem, si vera sint quae de eo traduntur, Anglia, eo tempore, non vidit; about Christmas was left Lord Deputy.  
1524. Gerald Earl of Kildare was made Lord Deputy about Midsummer; who caused Maurice Cava●agh, archdeacon of Leghlyn, to be hung on a Gibbet, and his bowels burnt, for most wickedly killing his Dioecesan, Maurice Doran at Glen-Reynold, a man much praised for his excellent manners 
Ware De Praes. Hib. fol. 157.  and elegance in preaching. Kildare being sent for into England, was by Cardinal Wolsey's subtle means, ordered to be beheaded in the Tower, and the Execution had certainly been done, had not the Lieutenant of the Tower favouring Kildare, acquainted the King therewith; who not only respited his death, but returned him with honour into Ireland, 
Cherb. H. 8. fol. 208.  checking the Cardinal's presumption. Upon his being sent for into England, he  
1526. Left (in his stead) Thomas Fitz Gerard of Leixlip, Lord Deputy. The same year he going off, Richard Nugent, Baron of Delvin, was (in his stead) left Lord Deputy. He was taken Prisoner by O-Connor, 1538. treacherously, during a Pa●ley between them. He descended of Gilbert Nugent, to whom (behaving himself valiantly) Hugh Lacie gave Lands in Meath.  
1528. Pierce Butler then Earl of Ossory (the Title of the Earl of Ormond, which to that time he had born, being descended of the Earls race, was conferred on Thomas ●ullin Viscount Rochfort,) who à Senatu Regio, was chosen Lord Deputy in Delvins stead.  
1530. Sir William Skeffington, 
Stat. Irel. f 7.  Lord Deputy to Henry Fitz Roy Duke of Richmond and Somerset, base son of H. 8. L. Lieut. of Ireland  
1532. Gerald Earl of Kildare, Lord Deputy to the said Duke of Richmond, etc. L. Lieutenant; and being sent for into England, left in his stead his eldest son (as one for whose doing he would answer) ut pro cujus fidelitate ipse vellet fide jubere.  
1534. Thomas, then scarce 21 years old, his Deputy. A Youth of a hot and active Brain, who having intelligence (though false) that his Father was beheaded in England, (indeed he was imprisoned in the Tower) immediately flung up the Insignia Regalia to Cromer Chancellor of Ireland, bidding defiance to the King and his Ministers, slaying in his fury Dr. John Allin Archbishop of Dublin, near Clantarfe, Febr. 28. in the 58 year of his age, committing besides many outrages (the Father Gerald E. of Kildare dies in the Tower oppressed with the news of his Son's inconsiderateness) upon which  
1534. Sir W. Skeffington L. Deputy arrived at Dublin Octob. 21. and died at Kilmainam about the end of Decem. and was honourably buried (according to his dignity) in St. Patrick's Church, though afterwards a Monument was erected for him at Skeffington in Leicestershire from whence he descended; since demolished by the Impiety of the last Age.  
1535. Leonard Lord Grace, son of Thomas Grace, Marquis Dor●t, created Viscount of Garny in Ireland, Jan. 1. was made Lord Deputy 
Davies, p. 238.  to Henry Duke of Richmond and Somerset. The Duke died at St. James' House beyond Charing Cross, in the 16 year of his Age, July 22. Anno 1535. and was buried at Thetford in Norfolk. Our Deputy 
Vincent on Brook, fol. 173.  held a Parliament in the 28 of H. 8. by several Prorogations. Wherein amongst other Acts, Thomas late Earl of Kildare was with some others attainted for the Insolences he had done during his Deputyship. Which Act was repealed in the 11 year of Queen Eliz. the Earl of Kildare's Brothers and Sisters being thereby restored to their Blood, as in King Edw. 6. his Reign; Gerald (Earl Thomas' Brother) was restored to his ancient Inheritance, and by Q. Mary May 14. 1554. to his Honour and Baron of Offaly; who returning the same Year into Ireland, was received with great Applause by the people, though his Brother had been beheaded and 5 Uncles hanged at 
Herb. of H. 8. f. 389. Ware de Pras. Hib. fol. 118.  Tyburn, Febr. 3. 1537. And it was further also enacted in this Parliament, that the King his Heirs and Successors should be Supreme Head of the Church of Ireland, prohibiting 
Stat. Irel. f. 1●1  also Appeals to Rome. This Lord Grace was in the Year 1541. beheaded on Tower-hill about June 25. for having, (as it was conjectured) joined with Cardinal Pool and others of the King's Enemies; notwithstanding his good Service against O-Donnel and O-Neal; as also in France and other places: the Council of Ireland (with whom he often wrangled) having much prejudiced 
Herb. fol. 469.  him in the King's thoughts. At his going for England  
1540 Sir William Brereton afterwards Marshal of Ireland, Ancestor of the Breretons of Brereton in Cheshire, since Baron of Laghlin in Ireland was left Justice, who died the same year at Kilkenny, in his journey towards Limerick, and was buried in St. Canicus' Church in Kilkenny.  
1540 Sir Anthony St. Leger, a Kentish man, Vnus Nobilium Secretioris Camerae Regis, July 25. Lord Deputy, sworn in Trinity Church in Dublin, in this form, viz.  YOu shall swear that you shall faithfully and truly to your power, serve our Sovereign Lord the King's Majesty in the Room and Authority of Lord Deputy and Chief Governor of this his Realm of Ireland, you shall maintain and defend the Laws of God and the Christian Faith: You shall to your power not only keep his Majesty's Peace amongst his People, but also maintain his Officers and Ministers in the execution and administration of Justice: You shall defend his Majesty's Castles, Garrisons, Dominions, People and Subjects of this Realm, and repress his Rebels and Enemies: You shall not consent to the Damage and Disherizen of his Majesty, his Heirs, or Successors; neither shall you suffer the right of the Crown to be destroyed by any way, but shall let it to your power; and if you cannot let the same, you shall certify his Majesty clearly and expressly thereof: You shall give your true and faithful Counsel for the King's Majesty's Profit; and his Highness' Council you shall conceal and keep: All other things for the preservation of his Majesty's Realm of Ireland, the Peace amongst his People, the execution of his Justice according to his Majesty's Laws, Usages, and Customs of this his Highness' Realm, you shall perform and do to your power. So God you help and the Contents of this Book. 
Before whom a Parliament was held at Dublin, June 13. the 33 of H. 8. in which it was enacted that the King and his Successors should be Kings of Ireland, not but that before by the name of Lord of Ireland, they had all Sovereign Jurisdiction and Pre-eminence, but as a Title more replete with Majesty, ut dum colit terras ipso nomine & titulo Regis Consecraretur; which Title the 7 of 
brent's Counc. of Trent. f. 392  the Ides of June 1555. Paul the 4. Bishop of Rome confirmed, not being able to take away that which H. 8. had before decreed. To him the Irishry and degenerate English make their several submissions by Indenture; as formerly to H. 2. to King John, to Edw. 1. to Richard 2. and now to Sir Anthony St. Leger in 33 of H. 8.  
1543. Sir Anthony going into England, leaves Febr. 10. Sir William Brabazon, Lord Justice.  
1544. Sir Anthony St. Leger Kt. of the Garter, August 11. the second time arrives at Dublin, Lord Deputy: who going for England  
1546. Leaves Sir William Brabazon, the second time Lord Justice, who took his Oath in Christ Church 
aware fol. 173.  Dublin, April 1.   

Sub EDWARDO VI.  
1547. The said Sir Anthony St. Leger continued Governor first under the title of Lord Justice, the Deputy. He overcame the O-Birns, etc. To him was sent from England Sir Edward Billingham unus è nobilibus Secretioris Camer● Regis, titulo Capitanei, Generalis Vi● fortitudine & militari scientia clarus with 600 Horse and 400 Foot, wh● so powerfully pursued the Omore and O-Connars, as they submitted t● 
ware, fol. 178.  the Deputy: for which Service he was Knighted and made Marshal o● Ireland.  
1548. Sir Edward Billingham landed at Dalkie in the Vigils o● Whitsuntide, and the second day after received the Sword in Trinity Church Dublin. Brian O-Connar and Patrick Omore great Lords of ●●ix and Offaly, whom he had formerly subdued, St. Leger takes with him into England, to whom the King gives a yearly Pension of 100l. ● piece. Omore dies at London within the year, the ensuing year Billingham being maligned by some ●f the Council, is called into England, at whose departure the Council of Ireland offered him Commendatory Letters; to which he replied, that Credo Resurrectionem ●●rtuorum, if my innocency cannot protect me, subterfugies shall not do it; my Enemies may kill me, but not conquer me. He died in England the year following, more of grief than a disease, after that he had cleared himself of the accusation, and it was resolved to have sent him again Deputy into Ireland. He was a fervent Protestant and an excellent Governor, spending his whole allowance in Hospitality, calling th● 
So Camp. and the Writers of the last Ages.  same his dear Master's meat, none ●● his own cost. He took Ship a● Houth, Decemb. 16. And  
1549. The Chancellor and other having the King's leave, elect Sir F● Brian Marshal of the Army, the King Favourite, Lord Justice during th● King's pleasure, who in Christ Church Dublin was sworn Decemb. 29. An● Febr. 2. he died at Clonmel, advancing against O-Carol, and was buried in the Cathedral Church i● Waterford in great State.  
1549. February 2. Sir William Brabazon Vice Treasurer, was made Lord Justice the third time; who effectually pursued Charles (Macart) Cavenach who of late had flown again into Rebellion. Brabazon died the 7. of the Ides of July, in the Tents in Ulster, and was buried in Trinity Church Dublin, and his Heart carried into England.  
1550. Sir Anthony St. Leger, about September 10. arrived at Dub●●n the fourth time Lord Deputy; ●● whom Charles (Mac-art) Cave●●ch submitted himself, solemnly renouncing before him, the Council, ●●d many Lords, the name Mac●urrogh. On the surrender of Bul●in to the French, they paid a considerable sum, 8000 l. of which ●ame for Ireland, with 400 men, with a charge that the Laws of England should be there administered, and the Mutinous severely suppressed; 
Sir John Hayw. in the life of Edw. 6. p. 280.  and (saith my Author) it may seem strange that among all the horrible Hurries in England, Ireland was then almost quiet; which must be imputed either to the Kings withdrawing much People thence, which otherwise would have disquieted affairs at home; or else to his choice of Governors, whom neither the Nobility disdained, nor the Inferiors were pressed to supply by violent courses.  
1551. Sir James Crofts of Cro●● Castle in Herefordshire, whose he (Herbert Crofts) is the present Bishop of Hereford, 1673. unus Nob●lium Secretioris Camerae Regis, Apr● 29. was designed Deputy, but coming to Dublin whilst St. Leger wa● in Munster, he received not th● Sword till May 23. at Cork, whe● St. Leger then was. During his tim● even this year, a King of Arms, Herald named Ulster, was first instituted for Ireland, his Province was all Ireland; and the first tha● had it was Nicholas Narbon. Th● Liturgy in English was also this yea● printed in Dublin and enjoined b● Authority. Many memorable Act● he did in Ireland. He repaired th● Castle of Belfast, and placed there ● Garrison. Coming for England h● was certified by Sir Henry Knowls, that Mary Dowager of Scotland had ●ent O-Connors son into Ireland to give encouragement to a new Insurrection, which, by his prudence, deferring his Journey, he prevented without noise, and took Ship for England at Houth, Decemb. 4. 1552. He was in the second year of Queen Mary, accused of Wiat's Conspiracy, ●ut by the favour of the King and Queen set at liberty from the Tower, and in Queen Eliz. Reign made a Privy Counsellor, Governor of Berwick, and Controller of the Queen's Court, and a Delegate at the Treaty of Bourbourg. He died at Whitehall, Camd. writes about the year 1590. His heir that now is, says in the year 1595. or the year following, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.  
1552. Sir Thomas Cusack of Cofington in Meath, Lord Chancellor, and Sir Gerald Ailmere, Chief Justice, of the King's Bench, Decemb. 4● were in Trinity Church Dublin, ●● Proceribus & Senatu Regio, constituted Lords Justices.   

Sub MARIA Regina.  
1553. The said Justices (as the present Governors) were writ to by the Council of England, who July 29. certified the Lords Justices and Council of Ireland of the death o● King Edw. and the right of Q. Mary Whose Right in Dublin and other places, they took care immediately to proclaim; the Judge's Places and the rest being speedily confirmed by new Patents.  
1553. Novemb. 11. Sir Anthony St. Leger, landing at Dalkie, came to Dublin, where the 19 of the same Month, he was the fifth time swor● in Trinity Church Dublin, a Praede▪ cessoribus suis Cusaco & Ailmero, Lord Deputy. He died in Kent (where he was born) as I take it at Vlcomb, the ancient Mansion of the Family 
Camd. Brit. fol. 331.  de Sancto Leodegario, corruptly Sent Leger, & Sellinger, March 12. 1559. Vtriusque fortunae tam prosperae quam adversae particeps verissima rerum humanarum in hoc mundo Imago. 
Ware of this Q.   
1556. April 27. Thomas Radcliff Viscount Fitz Walter, at Westm. was nominated L. Deputy. He arrived at Dublin on Whitsunday, and two days after took the Oath of Deputy in Christ Church Dublin. He held a Parliament, annis 3 & 4 Phil. & Mariae at which time Patre jam mortuo, he was styled Earl of Sussex, passing many Acts to the benefit of the Nation, and returned into England 
Stat. Irel. f. 246  Decemb. 4. when  
1557. Hugh Curwin of Westmoreland, Doctor of the Civil Law, Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Chancellor, and Sir Henry Sidney Treasurer, Decemb. 5. à Stanleio Marescallo received the Sword as Justices. On which occasion it may not be unseasonable to take notice of the eminent and honourable Office of Marshal, as well as of this noble person to whom (of all others) this trust (of delivering the Sword unto the Supreme Officers) was committed, properly it is a Military office restraining as well the insolences of Soldiers as of Rebels, yet it hath power to try or determine all appeals made of things done out of the Realm, as Piracy, the justice of Generals to Soldiers, etc. also it hath conuzance of contracts of Deeds of Arms, which cannot be determined by the Common Law but the Civil only, secundum legem armorum, of which after sentence, there lies no forfeiture of Lands, or corruption of Blood. By inheritance it was seated in the Barons of Morley, anno 9 Reg. Joh. but how alienated I am not certain, nor am I convinced that it is invested (though it be great) in Ireland, as the Earls Marshals are honoured with in England; a Title never given to that Officer till the 20 of R. 2. that Thomas Maubrey Duke of Norfolk had Earl affixed to his Title of Marshal. Though we find the use of it of great consequence in Ireland, never committed but to Persons of Honour, under whom (according to the occasions) there is one or two Provost Marshals limited by instructions under the Great Seal of Ireland. Archbishop Curwin was afterwards translated to Oxford, where after one year he died at Swinbroch near Burford, and there in the Parochial Church was buried, Novemb. 1. 1568.  
1557. Febr. 6. Sir Henry Sidney was sworn Lord Deputy in Christ Church Dublin, and so continued till that  
1558. Thomas Radcliff Earl of Sussex, Viscount Fitz Walter, April 27. returned out of England with 500 men, and was sworn Lord Deputy on Sunday May 1. in Christ Church Dublin; doing that Year excellent Service against the Scots in Ulster, and Donald O-Brien in Thoomond in September. He took Ship at Dalkie with the Forces he brought out of England, and others raised at Dublin, and went against Island Rachlin and the Islanders, and left  
1558. Sir Henry Sidney his Deputy, who took the Oath of Lord Justice in Christ Church Dublin on Sunday September 18. the same year  
1558. Thomas Radcliff Earl of Sussex returning from his Scottish Expedition, was again sworn Lord Deputy in Trinity Church Dublin, Novemb. 10. where he gave to the Chancellor Curwin a new Great Seal of Ireland, as also particular new Seals to the principal Judges of other Courts.   

Sub ELIZABETHA Regina.  
1558. The said Thomas Earl of Sussex (who on the decease of Queen Mary was found Deputy) was by a new Commission so continued; who with a Garrison of 320 Horse, and 1360 Foot, had kept Ireland in a peaceable and quiet condition. 
Camd. Ann●● Eliz. 1.  To whom succeeded  
1559. Sir Henry Sidney Knight, Precedent of Wales, Deputy. During whose absence in Ireland, Dr. John Whitgift Bishop of Worcester, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, was for two years and an half, Quamdiu nimirum Sidnaeus Prorex Hiberniae praefuit Vice Precedent of Wales. Vir optimus & eruditissimus, writes Camden, qui & Justitia in Walliae propraefectura & Doctrina in Ecclesiastica Angliae Politeia propugnanda, singularem laudem consecutus, quam fortitudine prudentia & patientia indies adauxit. Godw. de Praes. Angliae. Here 
Pag. 223.  by the way we may take notice (of an Honour incident to the Clergy) that besides this Reverend Prelate, several others of his Function have been in this Office; and the first Precedent of Wales was William Smith Bishop of Lincoln, who continued in the Government from the 17 of H. 7. to the 4 of H. 8. at which time he 
Godw. de Praes. Angl. p. 360.  died.  
1559. Thomas Earl of Sussex, Kt. of the Garter, arrived at Bullock, August 27. Lord Lieutenant, and 
Camd. Eliz. p. 43.  was sworn in Christ Church Dublin, August 30. having in charge strictly to look to the Irish, who being a superstitious Nation, may easily be seduced to Rebellion through the practices of the French (then at difference with England) under pretext of Religion; before whom a Parliament was held at Dublin, Jan. 12. 2. Eliz. wherein Acts of great consequences were passed; as the restoring to the Crown the ancient Jurisdiction of the State Ecclesiastical and Spiritual, and abolishing all foreign Power, repugnant to the same; also for the Uniformity of the Common Prayer, for Consecrating of Bishops, and the Queen's Title to the Imperial Crown of Ireland, with 
Stat. Irel. fol. 259.  many others. After which he went for England, and  
1559. Sir William Fitz Williams, Febr. 15. was sworn in Christ Church Dublin Lord Justice; during whose Government (viz. anno 1560.) Q. Elizabeth (amongst the most commendable Actions of her Government) reduced Coin to its full value, much debased through her Father's excessive expense, and stamped for Ireland Coin called Sterling, of which the shilling in Ireland passed for 12 d. and in England 9 d. Yet (though affairs were carried thus honourably to her advantage) in the Year 1601. the Lord Buckhurst (very skilful in Money matters) got her to mingle Brass with the Money that she sent into Ireland, by reason that the War in Ireland stood her Majesty yearly in 160000l sterl. which the Soldiers suffered without mutiny, having a true Reverence for that Lady, though not without loss, and in effect not much to her service, the Reputation of a Prince being in nothing preserved more entire than in the just value of their Coin. Hence it was that when the Earl of Leicester, Anno 1585. was sent into Holland, one of this excellent Princess' charges to him was, to know by what Art they enhanced or put down the value of their Money, (in which Art they excelled all others) lest the Soldier should receive that at a higher rate than they could put it off for. And to this effect Sir George Carew in his Letter to the Council of England, mentioned in Pacata Hibernia, writes that it was impossible to prevent a confusion in the State, if the People might not be put in some certain hope that upon the end of the War the now Standard should be abolished or eased.  
1561. Thomas Earl of Sussex, Lord Lieutenant, arrived at Dublin, and was sworn in Christ Church Dublin, June 25.  
1561. Sir William Fitz Williams, Lord Justice, was sworn in Christ Church, Jan. 22.  
1562. Thomas Earl of Sussex, July 24. Lord Lieutenant; who amongst other things did excellent Service in reducing the Irish Countries into Shires, and placing therein Sheriffs and other Ministers of the Law, as Annaly in Leinster he made a Shire, calling it the County of Longford, and the Province of Connaght he divided into 6 Counties, viz. Clare (which contains all Thoomond) Gallaway, Sligo, Mayo, Roscommon, and Leitrim. He died at his house at Bermondsey in Southwark, June 9 1583▪ and was honourably buried at New-Hall in Essex July 9 following. At his departure from Ireland, having settled things in excellent order,  
1565. Sir Nicholas Arnold of the County of Gloucester Knight, May 25. was made Lord Justice; to whom was assigned only a Garrison of 1596 Soldiers, with which he kept peace, but gained nothing. Being recalled into England, surrenders his Government  
1565. To Sir Henry Sidney; who in the time of Queen Mary had been Judge and Treasurer of Ireland, now Precedent of Wales, Jan. 20. Lord Deputy; before whom a Parliament was held at Dublin, Jan. 17. in the 11 of Eliz. many things being acted therein greatly to the advantage of the State; and a Subsidy granted considering the infinite masses of Treasure able to purchase a Kingdom, that her most noble Progenitors, the famous Princes of England had exhausted for the Governments Defence, and Preservation of them and her Majesty's Realm of Ireland, largely 
Fol. 297.  expressed in the Act. In which Parliament also (which had several Prorogations) Shane O-Neal was attainted, and the name extinguished. 
Fol. 309.  In which Act also the King's ancient 
Fol. 315.  Titles to Ireland are recited. Thus having settled Affairs, he took Ship towards England at Houth, Octob. 9 having with good success discomfited Shane O-Neal, who after his return from England, where the Queen 1563. had graciously received him into favour, he most treacherously went into Rebellion, and affected the Title of King of Ulster. In the year of this Governors' admittance, he institutes Wareham St. Leger first Precedent of Monster, with an Assessor, two Lawyers and a Clerk; the same Government he also constituted in Connaght.  
1567. Dr. Weston, Lord Chancellor, and Sir Will. Fitz-Williams Treasurer at War, Octob. 14. Lord Justices. Weston was thought a prudent and upright man, for whom I find this Epitaph in St. Patrick's Church Dublin on a Monument very stately erected, principally in memory of the Relations of Richard Earl of Cork; upon the uppermost seat of which, ●s Dr. weston's Effigies with this Inscription:  
Here lieth interred the Body of that Reverend and Honourable Gentleman, Robert Weston Esq Doctor of the Civil and Canon Laws, Grandfather to the Lady Katherine Countess of Cork, ●●ing sometimes one ●f the Lord Justices ●● Ireland, and for ●●x years' Lord Chancellor of the Realm. A small Coat of ARMS betwixt Who was so Learned, Judicious, and Upright in the Court of Judicature all the time of that employment. He never made Order or Decree that was questioned or reversed. He changed this mortal life for an eternal life, May 20. 1573. whose honourable memory no time shall extinguish.  
1568. Sir Henry Sidney, Octob. 20 Lord Deputy. He took Ship for England from the Key at Dublin March 25.  
1571. When Sir William Fitz Williams the April ensuing was swor● Lord Justice in St. Patrick's Church Dublin, and Jan. 13. eodem anno, the said Sir William Fitz Williams was made Lord Deputy.  
1575. Sir Henry Sidney, Septemb▪ 18. returned into Ireland Lord Deputy; where having pacified several Rebellions, and that not with so much Rigour as excellent Conduct having (at several times) been 1● years Justice and Deputy of Ireland so as that Kingdom is much indebted to him for his Wisdom and Valour▪ He Septemb. 12. 1578. took Boat a● the Wood Key in Dublin for England; he died at Worcester May 5. 1586. and was buried amongst his Ancestors at Penshurst: of whom Dr. Powel in his Epistle to the Reader in his History of Wales, writes that his Disposition was rather to seek after the Antiquities and the Weal public of those Countries. He governed then to obtain Lands and Revenues within the same, for I know not one foot of Land that he had either in Wales or Ireland, cujus potentiam nemo sentit, nisi aut Levatione periculi aut accessione Dignitatis, justly applicable to him, Vel. Pater. f. 109. He caused the Irish Statutes to his time to be printed, 
Ware de Script. Hib. p. 136.  & sic ex umbra in solemn eduxit. And besides many other Monuments yet surviving his equal and just Government, we must not let pass the Great Expense and Care which he bestowed upon the Castle of Dublin, at first built, Anno 1213. by John Coming Archbishop of Dublin, a learned facetious and solid Person, afterwards beautified and enlarged by Sir Henry Sidney, in memory of whom, Stanihurst (that Venerable Historian) hath left these to Posterity:  

Gesta libri referunt multorum clara virorum,  
Laudis & in chartis stigmata fixa manent:  
Verum Sidnaei laudes haec saxa loquuntur,  
Nec jacet in Solis gloria tanta libris.  
Si libri pereant, homines remanere valebunt,  
Si pereant homines ligna manere queant;  
Ligna si pereant, non ergo saxa peribunt,  
Saxa si pereant tempore, tempus erit,  
Si pereat tempus, minimè consumitur aevum,  
Quod cum principio, sed sine fine manet.  
Dum libri florent, homines dum vivere possunt  
Dum quoque cum lignis saxa manere valent,  
Dum remanet tempus; dum denique remanet aevum,  
Laus tua Sidnaei, digna perire nequit.   
1578. Sir William Drury born at Bausted in Suffolk, of a Worshipful Family, late Governor of Berwick, a man of great experience and integrity, who Septemb. 14. was sworn Lord Justice in Christ Church Dublin. He advanced afterwards against Desmond, but at Waterford 1579. he died. A man of approved worth, having been trained up from his Youth in the exercise of War in France, Scotland, and Ireland. After whose decease  
1579. Sir Will. Pelham of Laughton in Sussex was made Lord Justice the 11 of October; during whose short Government he constrained the Baron of Lixnaw to yield, and besieged Carrigfoil in Kerry, kept by Jules an Italian, and some Spaniards, entering at length by force the Castle, 
1580.  achieving besides many other things to his honour. He was afterwards General of the English 
Camd. Eliz. in this year 1586  Horse in the Low-Countries, under whom, besides his own Countrymen, there were Scots and Irish; and that the manner of their fight may be clear, I shall not think to impose much on the Reader, what incomparable Strada hath registered in this point. Anno 1586. Erant h● 
Lib. 8. p. 404.  Angli plerique & Scoti quibus se addiderant ductore Hiberniae Prorege (Pelham) Hiberni 1400 è sylvestri omnes genere atque ferino medio tantum corpore subter umbilicum velati caetera nudi grallis seu pertiris, quarum usus intrajiciendis amnibus alte impositi, long aliis superstabant arcubus & sagittis Minaces.  
1580. Arthur Lord Grace Baron of Wilton, Knight of the Garter, arrived August 12. at Houth, and took the Oath of Lord Deputy in St. Patrick's Church, September 14. till then William Pelham Lord Justice, being not come up out of Munster to Dublin to surrender the Sword to his Successor. Through the whole course of his Actions he manifested himself a famous Warrior. In the Winter this year about 700 Italians and Spaniards landed (through the favour of the Season) at Smerwick in Kerry in Ireland unresisted, commanded by San-Joseph an Italian, authorized by the Pope and the King of Spain to propagate the Roman Religion; where they erected a Fort at Smerwick, naming it the Fort DELOR, but were soon (even in four days) forced to cry for mercy, through the vigilance and conduct of the Deputy, who put the Strangers to the Sword, the Irish he hanged, Commanders of each side excepted, for that there were no● in the English Army, enough to keep every man a Prisoner, and that the Deputy expected instantly to be assailed by the Rebels, and that there were no Barks ready to Ship them immediately for Sea. In this doing as Henry 5. was forced to, after he would have saved the Bourbon Battalion at Agincourt, for fear les● the King of Scicils appearing with new strength (even more than the Conquerors had to guard their Prisoners) he should have been surprised without remedy. Which extremity the Deputy was sorry to use, nor did his excuse easily please the Queen, the Enemy having yielded on mercy. He died 1593. in much honour and repute.  
1582. Adam Loftus Lord Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Chancellor, ●nd Sir Henry Wallop alias Well-hop, Treasurer of the Army September 1. Lord's Justices; during whose Government Gerald Fitz Gerald, the 
In 1583.  ●● of that Family, Earl of Desmond, ●ho had raised frequent Rebellions, ●fter two years' skulking in obscure places, was by a Common Soldier surprised, and his head sent into England, where it was hung on a ●ole on London Bridge. Sir Henry 
Camd. Anno citato.  ●allop died in Dublin, and was buried in St. Patrick's Church in an obscure place under the Galleries; upon the late removing of which, on a plate of Brass, was this Inscription found.  

Near unto this place lieth that worthy Knight, Sir HENRY WALLOP of Farly Wallop in the County of Southampton in the Realm of England, who faithfully served Queen ELIZABETH in this Kingdom as Vice Treasurer and Treasurer ●● War, by the space of 18 years and months, and was Lord Justice with in this Realm jointly with th● Lord Chancellor of this Realm almost by the space of two years, in th● years of our Lord God 1582, 1583▪ 1584. in which time the Wars ●● Desmond were ended, and his hea●● sent into England; besides many other weighty causes committed to hi● charge during his said service. H● departed this life the 14 day of April 1599 He was Son and Heir ●● Sir Oliv. Wallop, Brother and Hei● of Sir John Wallop Knight of th● most Honourable Order of Garter and Lieutenant of the Castle and County Gujienes in France, Nephew and Heir of Sir Robert Wallop Knight.   
1584. Sir John Perrot Lord Deputy, arrived at Dalkie, June 9 and ●ook his Oath in St. Patrick's Church June 21. He held a Parliament at Dublin April 26. in the 27. of Eliz. 
Stat. Irel. fol. 373.  He advanced the Reformation in establishing the great Compositi●●n of Connaght, in reducing Vlster●nto ●nto 7 Shires, viz. Ardmagh, Mona●an, Tyrone, Colerain, Devegal, Fer●annagh, 
Davies., p. 256.  and Cavan. And by vesting in the Crown the Lands of Desmond and his Adherents in Mun●●er, which he that hath writ of his life thus comprehends, Pacificavit Connaciam, Relaxavit Mediam, Subjugavit Vltoniam, Fregit Lageniam, Ligavit Mononiam, Extirpavit Scotos, Refraenavit Anglos. Et his omnibus peraeque Vectigal acquisivit Reginae. And after his Service in Ireland he was made a Privy Counsellor in England; yet being (it seems of somewhat too Resentive a nature, was said to speak something dishonourable of the Queen, and thereupon was tried, and by a Jury of 12 men pronounced guilty of Treason; yet being sick died in the Tower of London, Septemb. 1592. when the Queen's anger being qualified, there was great hopes of his pardon; though his Adversaries were of the subtlest as well as the most honourable. He left the Character of a good Governor, yet it is somewhat sharply imputed to him and his Successor Sir William Fitz Williams, that they suffered the Irish to be trained up in the knowledge of Arms, few (before their attaining that Science) being much more able to subdue thousands of the Irish than afterwards thrice the number of so many English were able to encounter.  
1588. Sir Willam Fitz Williams, June 30. Lord Deputy, was sworn in Christ Church Dublin. Many excellent things he did, as raising a Composition in Munster, and then in settling the Possessions both of the Lords and Tenants in Monahan. Yet that Venus might not be without her Mole, he is accused of too much rigour in enquiring after the Spoils and Wrecks at Sea, which happened on some of the Invincible Navy being split in Ireland, and the ensuing War is laid to his charge. Nor do I find that the Histories of those Times much acquit him, the Irish though they have not Cloaks, will have Mantles for their cover. He carried it somewhat austerely, not accepting of his Commission till a particular clause was inserted, that Walter Devoreux Earl of Essex should be subject to his command; which (considering the illustrious quality of that person) some thought might have been left indifferent. In his time the Queen founded a College at Dublin, Anno 1591. a Concern which in Sir Henry Sidneys and Sir John Perrots time was given in Instructions, but never perfected till now. She dedicated it to the Holy and Individual TRINITY, under this Title, Collegium Sanctae ac individuae Trinitatis ex fundatione Reginae ELIZABETHAE juxta Dublin, in the place where was before the Monastery of All-Saints, enriching the same with all Privileges of an University, of which Sir Will. Cecil Knight, Baron Burghley, Lord High Treasurer of England, Knight of the Garter, and one of the Honourable Privy Council to Queen Elizabeth, was the first Chancellor.  
II. Robert Devoreux Earl of Essex, Earl Marshal of England, etc. afterwards Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Chancellor of the Universities of Cambridge and Dublin. Since  
Sub Carolo I.  
Dr. Willam Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, Chancellor of the Universities of Oxford and Dublin.  
Then his Excellency James Marquis of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, since Duke of Ormond, and Chancellor of the University of Dublin, as now of Oxford.  
Which in the year 1320. was granted to the City by Pope John 22. at the request of Alexander Bicknor alias Bignor, Archbishop of Dublin, mentioned in the year 1320. failing for want of support till this B. Queen enlivened the ashes. To which I must profess I owe a filial Reverence (not as one of the Foundation, but of the Society) and in memory of her Prosperity reaching to this Age. I must crave liberty to annex the Provosts though amongst Princes and Great men. By these they live.  

Non incisa notis Marmora publicis  
Per quae Spiritus & vita redit bonis Clarius indicant  
Laudes, quam Calabrae Pierides.   

Not inscribed Marbles planted forth  
To public view, which gives new breath  
To Great and Good men after Death  
Bespeaks their praise  
So loud as the Pierian Lays.   
The College (before these gave countenance to the Structure) was empty and unarmed; the Furniture was from the Men not the Materials. Postquam lacertos movere et caput immortale extollere caepisset quum ingentia virtutis Nomina, Danielos alias Odonnellos, Bedleios, Templos, Capellos, Par●os, Eustacios', Hoylios, Martinios, Dodwillios, Lingardoes, Richardsonos, Boswellos, Golburnios, Worthios, Wareos, Boylios, Seelios, Jonios', 
Caesar Williamson, Panaeg. in Hen. Cromwell, p. 22.  Margetsonos, Sternios, ARMACHANUM, ante omnes in Lucem Peperisset. Touching whom the literate World hath spread many Eulogies of his Excellencies and Merit, though One (for his Languages not the least in the Choir) hath, since this Prince of Learning's Decease, left out part of what he first published 
Vir doctrinâ multifariâ, modestiâ, omnibúsque virtutibus conspicuus.  in acknowledgement of his assistance: whilst the unanimous Vote of the incomparable and famous University of Oxford, (sufficient to rival Eterniry) hath left this on record:  
Jacobus Usserius, Archiepiscopus Armachanus, totius Hiberniae Primas, Antiquitatis Primaevae peritissimus, Orthodoxae Religionis vindex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, errorum Malleus, in concionando frequens, facundus, praepotens, vitae inculpatae exemplar● spectabile.  
Some years before his death, he was unwillingly put on an old Controversy touching the Precedency of his See of Armagh and Dublin. A Controversy entailed (as it seems) on the Successors of that See of 
Ware de Praes. Hib. f. 111.  Dublin, prosecuted in Archbishop Leches time, Almoner to Edw. 2. 1310. with some animosity, but now argued only as to Right, not emulation, which (after the effusion of much Learning) was desided on the Archbishop of Armagh's side. And by an especial Letter from the King in the year 1634. he had (afterwards also given him the Precedency of the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, with all which he was nothing elated.  

The Provosts, Precedents, of the COLLEGE OF DUBLIN.  
THe first Provost of which College was Adam Lord Archbishop of Dublin, formerly mentioned; whose Dimensions ●e cannot better take than from ●ir▪ James Aware, and the Monuments 
De Praes. Hib.  ●e le●t of his Mind and Grandeur, sufficiently expressed in the stately Edifice he built at Rafarnham, leaving behind an ample Estate and a numerous Progeny well provided for, of whom I shall say no more (having occasion to speak of him amongst the Governors) than tha● though he was a Prelate in height and spirit agreeable enough to the dignity of his place, yet he esteemed i● no descension to be ushered by a Beadle's Staff, that had a Crosier a● his service.  
II. The second Provost upon the Archbishops resigning up of the Provostship June 5. 1594. was by him and the Fellows, in whom the Election was seated by the first Charter bearing date Mar. 11. 1591. placed on Mr. Walter Travers; who too● not his Oath till Decemb. 6. 1595 He was bred up in Trinity College i● Cambridge, a person of great abilities, betwixt whom and Mr. Hooke● Minister of the Temple, and he their Lecturer, there arose such animosities as engaged the Court and others into strong Parties; so as (one writeth) Travers was struck dumb in the Temple, not for Infidelity but Indiscretion, both very learned. Mr. Travers (on what account is uncertain, unless suspecting a Rebellion) returned (after some years stay) unexpectedly into England; where he lived many years obscurely, though in himself a shining light. He bequeathed ●at his death his Books of the Oriental Tongues (in which he was singularly knowing) and 50 l. worth of Plate to Zion College in London. After his departure  
III. Mr. Henry Alvey of St. John's College in Cambridge, was chosen the third Provost Octob. 8. to whom succeeded  
IV. Mr. William Temple the fourth Provost, afterwards Knighted, and made one of the Masters of the Chancery in Ireland. A person of great Piety and Learning, bred up in King's College in Cambridge, from whence he was made choice of by Sir Philip Sidney, (the Glory of the English Nobility) to attend him in the Low-Countries during his Government there. De quo quid & quantum sibi augurabatur Britannia non facile dixerem, saith Camd. After whose unfortunate decease, a Noble Person engaged him in his service in England and Ireland; which proving a rough and unhappy Scene, he retired to his private Lair, till by the importunate solicitations of Doctor Usher late Lord Primate, one who well knew how to judge of the merits of others, by the immensity of worth in himself, prevailed with him to accept of the Provostship; which he did 1609. as an easy retreat out of the Noise and Troubles of the World. He lived 17 years in the Provostship, and finished his days there, in the 72 year of his Age, and lies buried under a fair Stone in the Chapel belonging to the College immediately before the Provosts Seat, leaving behind him many Children, One at present an eminent person in the State of Ireland, who hath divers Sons, some that have happily discharged (lately) the most active and honourable employment in the greatest and weighty affairs of State with the neighbouring Allies, though he writes of himself, that at present he is wholly useless to the Public, which may be his Repose not his Shame; and others that attend his Majesty's Service at home, with singular reputation and advantage. After his death  
V. The fifth Provost was Mr. William Bedel, bred in Emanuel College in Cambridge; so designed May 29. 1627. on a Letter writ by Sir Henry Wotton to King Charles I. informing his Majesty that he hardly thought a fitter man for that charge could have been propounded in his whole Kingdom, for singular Erudition, Piety, and Conformity to the Rites of the Church of England, and zeal to advance the Cause of God, wherein all his Travels abroad were not obscure in the time of the Venetians Excommunication: no more then by his Letter of Controversy afterwards (in the highest Points betwixt us and Rome) with Wadsworth the Jesuit, which shows him profoundly versed in the Fathers and Schoolmen. Yet he was not sworn nor admitted till Aug. 16. following. He was afterwards Bishop of Kilmore. A person of very great worth and learning in the Latin, Greek and Hebrew; witness his intimacy with Padre Paulo, whom he took into his very soul, as well for his courage and constancy (both signal) in defence of the English and that interest during the late Rebellion; when after he was fallen into the hands of the Irish, and imprisoned at Claughouter Castle in the County of Caven near Kilmore, where he died about the midst of March, 1641. ob funesta ea tempora & miserias quas pertulerat, and (according to his Opinion against burial in Churches, being an admirer of Sir Henry Spelman, de non temerandis Ecclesiis) he was interred in the Churchyard at Kilmore. There succeeded him (on his Promotion to the Bishopric of Kilmore)  
VI The sixth Provost, Dr. Robert Usher, who was chosen in October 16. 29. and admitted Provost January 4. following; on whom (dying at Pantabirsley in Shropshire) in Dudelstons Church Chancel, there is this Epitaph,  Here lieth the Body of that constant and faithful Preacher of God's Word, the Right Reverend Father in God ROBERT Lord Bishop of Kildare, Son of HENRY Lord Primate of all Ireland, who died at Pantabirsley, September 7. Anno Dom. 1642. 
On whose Promotion to the Bishopric of Kildare, the Provostship was void May 11. 1634. so as in the Register Book of the College there was a wide Hiatus through the variety of subservient Governors, till  
VII. Master William Chappel, B. D. bred up in Christ College in Cambridge, afterwards Dean of Cassels, had the care of the College committed to him by his Majesty, but he was not actually sworn nor admitted till June 5. 1637. at which time new Statutes were introduced by the then Archbishop of Canterbury their Chancellor; not so favourable (as some thought) to the Natives as the Piety of the first Founders intended them; or so indulgent to the Fellows and former Visitors, as at first was allowed, the Provostship being made more Sovereign, which some thought he made a sinister use of; in as much as upon the Consequences thereon, Mr. Robert Bysse, an ingenious and solid Lawyer June 11. 1641. made an excellent Speech in the Upper House of Parliament at the delivery of divers Articles exhibited against him then Bishop of Cork and Ross, by the Commons of the House of Parliament in Ireland; to which our Provost made a Reply, which some thought not satisfactory, as the Scene then stood, yet certainly the Exercises of the University were never stricter looked to, or Discipline (if it were not too Ceremonious) better observed than in his time. Only the Lecture which was set up for teaching Irish (whether through Indulgence merely, or enjoined by Statute, I am uncertain) was after his admission wholly waved; to which (whilst it was kept up) some diligently resorted, the better to improve themselves for their future Employment in the Country, that the Irish (finding men speak in their own Tongue, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) might be the sooner won over to the Truth, no Nation being more tenacious or better affected to their Language than themselves. And this Design had a good issue, in as much as some of the English (preaching constantly in Irish) gained first an acceptance of their Persons, then of their Doctrine. Truly a pious fraud! For though by an Act in the 28 of H. 8. it was Ordered, That all who would knowledge themselves his Highness true and faithful Subjects, should speak the English Tongue. A policy commendable enough; yet considering how stiffly the Natives were espoused to their own Speech, it could not seem otherwise than Mercy to find an Expedient which might inform them of the Truth. Nor indeed was it below the Majesty of an University (licet rumpantur Momi) to cherish such a condescension, since the communicating of Knowledge is the intent of Science. Our Provost was a close Ramist, a notable Disputant, and one (who in his middle Age) favoured Mr. Perkins and that side. He was once (riding to Cork) overtook by Sir William St. Leger Precedent of Munster, who had in his company the Pseudo-Dean of Cork, with whom the Precedent would needs have had Chapel to have disputed, but as he was not forward, so he would not deny the entertainment; which the Pseudo-Dean (understanding who Chapel was) refused, for that the said Chapel had been accustomed to kill his Respondent; which he spoke on an accident long before, happening at a Commencement in Cambridge solemnised in the presence of King James, where Doctor Roberts of Trinity College, being Respondent in St. Mary's, this Mr. Chappel opposed him so close and subtilely that the Doctor (not being able to unloose the Arguments) fell into a swooning in the Pulpit, so as the King (to hold up the Commencement) undertook to maintain the Thesis: which Mr. Chappel (by his Syllogisms) pressed so home, ut REX palam gratias ageret Deo, quod Opponens E I fuisset ●●bditus, non alteri, alias potuisset in ●●spicionem adduci ne perinde Throno ●●●, atque Cathedra submoveri debuis●●. In the beginning of the late Rebellion in Ireland, he came for England, confining himself to a most retired life, which he finished at Derby on Whitsunday 1649. not 1648. as Sir James Ware Registers it. And at his Death merited this Epitaph engraven on his Marble in Bilthorp in Nottinghamshire.  

GVILIELMUS CHAPPEL  
Natus Laxtoviae in Nottingham, A. D. MDLXXXII. Mansfieldiae bonis literis initiatus Collegii Christi Cantabrig. per 27. annos Socius, Collegii S S. Trinitatis Dublin. Praepositus; Ecclesiae Metropolit. Cassel. Decanus, Corcagiensis & Rossensis Episcopus, etc.  
Charismata, quae (siquis alius) plurima atquae eximia à Domino acceperat, singulari tum fide tum felicitate ad ejus Gloriam publicumque Ecclesiae commodum administravit, Sapientiae, Justitiae, Gratiae divinae Strennuus assertor, Charitate in Deum ac homines, amicos atque inimicos ad Christi legem & exemplum factus nobis exemplum & lex, Bona temporalia partim pro Christo, partim Christo reliquit, Mundum latere ut maximè semper voluit, ita minime unquam potuit aut poterit.  
Annum agens 67. placide spiritum suum Servatori reddidit die Pentecostes MDCXLIX. atque hic juxta venerandam Parentem suam positus, Dominum JESUM, quo fruitur, expectat.  
Fratrem habuerat natu minorem (dum in terris agebat) JOHANNEM CHAPPEL Theologum pariter insignissimum, ac pulpitis natum sed in Coelos praemigraverat; Et conduntur illius Exuviae in Ecclesia de Mansfield Woodhouse.   
He voluntarily resigned his Provostship July 20. 1640. and on the first of August following,  
VIII. Mr. Richard Washington B. D. of University College in Oxford, was sworn and admitted the eighth Provost; who soon after the Rebellion broke forth retired into England, of whom I can give no farther account.  
IX. Afterwards Dr. Teate, a Native, educated in the College, one that had been barbarously used by the Rebels, was licenced to live in the Provosts Lodgings, and oversee the Scholars that were left; who so continued till, that his Majesty's providence (in the darkness of those Times) committed the care of the College on  
X. Dr. Anthony Martin Bishop o● Meath, educated in Emanuel College in Cambridge, of whom Eyr in an Epistle to Dr. Usher 1607. p▪ 27. gives a just account, both as to his Philosophy, and more polished Learning, being then to be admitted into a Fellowship in the College, ut intra fines Hiberniae generos● juventus contineatur, neque extr● Athenas vestras Romae, aut alibi instituantur, etc. Is est qualis alii pl●rique videri tantum volunt & in humaniori literatura & vitae integritat germanissimus certe Nathaneel sin● fraud. He died Provost in Jun● 1650. the Plague then raging, and was buried in the Chapel belonging to the College. After his death Affairs being carried on by another current,  
XI. Mr. Samuel Winter, afterwards Doctor (by a fair Diploma testified by Doctor Henry Jones Vicechancellor, now Bishop of Meath and others) was thrust into the Government by virtue of a Thing they called an Act of Parliament, anno 1649. giving the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland power thereby to place Governors, Masters, etc. in the College of Dublin. How satisfactory, I will not say being there are many rumours yet unreconciled. But in that stream he swame till the King was most happily restored, and then (which we may account the IX. legitimate Provost)  
XII. Dr. Thomas Seel bred in the College, and born in Dublin, was chosen and admitted Provost. A person in Morals and true Literature signally eminent, Dean of St. Patrick's, yet living, and may he long live to the benefit and honour of that College! for many years the University was confined to this College; since it hath been enlarged by some adjacent Tenements, whereof (of late) one is converted to a College of Physicians graced by his Majesty with many Privileges, and the Mass-house in Back-lane, a fair Collegiate building, was disposed of to the University of Dublin, a Rector and Scholars being placed in it in the time of Chancellor Loftus and the Earl of Corks being Justices; but whether it so continues I am not certain, I hear it is alienated; certain I am that the buildings of the College itself are of late much enlarged and beautified. On this College King JAMES (besides a yearly Pension of 388 l. 15 s. English money out of the Exchequer) bestowed large Possessions in Ulster, and by an Act for the settlement of the Kingdom of Ireland, Anno 1662. ●●is provided, Fol. 71. That the provost of Trinity College near Dublin shall have out of the forfeited Lands in the Archbishopric of Dublin, and his Successors for ever, the sum of 300 l. per annum. Nor doth the design for the propagating of the extent of this University determine here, but in the same Act, Fol. 122. It is further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That the Lord Lieutenant, or other Chief Governor or Governors of this kingdom, for the time being, by, and with the consent of the Privy Council, shall have full Power and Authority to erect another College to be of the University of Dublin, to be called by the Name of the KING'S College, and out of all and every the Lands, Tenements, and Hereditam ts, vested by this Act in his Majesty, & which shall be settled or restored by virtue thereof, to raise a yearly allowance for ever, not exceeding 2000l. per annum, by an equal charge upon every thousand Acres, or lesser Quantities proportionably, and therewith to endow the said College. Which said College so as aforesaid to be erected, shall be settled, regulated, and governed by such Laws and Statutes, Ordinances and Constitutions as his Majesty, his Heirs, or Successors shall under his or their Great Seal of England or Ireland declare or appoint.  
After the inhuman and most execrable Rebellion had stopped all relief and supply from the College, through the seizing on their Rents in Ulster, where the chiefest of their Revenues lay, and that the Treasure of the College (all but the sacred Utensils secured by a most Reverend hand) had been expended for the Societies support, his Excellency the Marquis of Ormond then Lord Lieutenant, truly commiserating the exigencies of the College, and having no way else left possibly to succour them, Ordered the Remnant yet surviving, being few and miserable, some relief out of the Common Stores, That whilst Moses fought Aaron's hands might be lifted up.  
And here I must not omit that at the same time Sir Thomas Bodley Anno 1598. bought Books for his Library at Oxford, one of the greatest Treasures in the World, a stupendious work; Dr. chaloner and Mr. Usher his Son-in-Law, afterwards Lord Primate, were then in England, bestowing 1800 l. given by the Officers of the Army for their Library to the College of Dublin; so that though they had not the like Patrons, they were Coequal. Since, there hath been a fair addition by the access of Bishop Ushers Library bestowed on the University, as the other was by the late Army. Quos Deputatus docuit (saith Caesar Williamson) primum Armorum usum, deinde Librorum; and much more very elegantly he speaks in that Oration, concluding with Ptolomaeus Philadelphus' Library in Alexandria, to which, Numero Lib●orum cedimus, virtute superamus. Since, Sir Jerome Alexander, second Justice in the Common-Pleas in Ireland, by his last Testament hath bestowed his Library of Law Books and others, upon the College, with 100 l. for fitting a place for his Library. Also he bequeathed 500 l. in Money to be laid out in an additional Building to the same College, to be called Alexander's Buildings. He also gave 24 l. real Estate per annum, thus to be disposed of viz. 7 l. per annum to the Library Keeper, 20 s. yearly for a Sermon on Christmas day, to be preached in the College in memory of God's mercy in sending his Son then to save Sinners, and the remainder to be disposed of monthly, to such poor persons as the Provost and Seniour Fellows shall think fit. The residue of his Estate he gave unto his Daughter Elizabeth Alexander, provided she married no Irish man, or any related to that Interest; if she did, or died without Issue, the whole Estate he settled on the College of Dublin: that at this day many things conspire to advance that Foundation.  

Semper Pax tua moenia  
Colat! semper in Aedibus  
Tuis Copia Dextra  
Larga munera fundat!  
Dulcis Collegii Domus  
Te Pax incola sospitet!  
Leges Numinis omnia  
Pervadant Loca Jernes!  
Vt Ros tenella gemmulis argentei●  
Pingit Syonis gramina  
Sic gratiarum gemmulis Coelestibus  
Pingas Jernes Pectora!    
But to return to Sir William Fitz William's Deputy, in whose time this happy Work was effected; in memory of whom, his Arms on the Gate are left to posterity. He descended from the Fitz Williams of Sprotsburg Knights, an ancient Family 
Camd. Brit. fol. 690.  in Yorkshire, who in his own person had been long experienced in the Wars, he was of an high and elated spirit, in as much as Walter Earl of Essex, 1573. desiring to go into Ulster against the Rebels, was by this Governor much opposed, lest the splendour of so great a man should eclipse his Honour. But the Queen (constant to her own Election) would by no means gratify Fitz-Williams in diverting the Earls Voyage, yet ordered he should take the Commission of his Government from the Deputy; which (to testify the eminency of his Power) he granted; by which he was Governor of Ulster, but after such Attendance, as the reflection of it hath made some Remarks very observable in our Deputies Government. At length the Earl (discontented with those perfidious passages which he found encouraged against him in Ireland) retired into England; where Leicester (the better to overthrow him with Honour) got him sent back with the vain Title of Earl Marshal of Ireland, where pining away with Grief and Dysentery, (some write Poison) he died at Dublin, and was buried at Caermarden in Wales, where he was born. A most excellent man (saith Camd.) 
Vir certè praecellens, in quo morum probitas cum natalium claritate certavit, quae tamen Invidiae obsistere non poterant. Camd. Annal. Eliz. fol. 264.  in whom sweetness of manners contended with his Nobleness of Birth.  
This Dysentery or Flux (so fatal to this worthy Person) is commonly termed the Country Disease; and well it may, for it reigns no where so Epidemically as in Ireland; tainting Strangers as well as Natives. But whether it proceeds from the peculiar Disposition of the Air, Error in Diet, the laxity, and waterishness of the Meat, or some Occult cause, no venomous Creature living there to suck that which may be thought (in other Countries) well distributed amongst reptitious Animals, I shall not determine, though each of these circumstances may well conduce to its strength and vigour. Certain it is that Regular Diet preserves most from the violence▪ and many from the Infection of this Disease; yet as that which is thought very sovereign (besides those particular applications due to several symptoms arising thence, viz. Gripe, Tenesmus', &c. which have their particular Cures, obvious to every knowing Physician) I must say that the stronger Cordial Liquors, (viz. Brandy, Vsquebah, Treacle, and Mithridate Waters) are very proper; or the Electuaries themselves, and the like; quorum particulae sum▪ activae, dum vasorum splanchnicorum oscula facilè subierint, humores exundaturos repellerent. Judicially observed by Dr. Willis in his Pharmaceutice 
P. 122.  Rationalis; for that besides their Energy to make the Blood more lively, they may also strengthen it to a Diaphoretick motion, whereby what is offensive to the Blood (as ichorous and acid humours often irritating such extitial expulsions) may thence be thrown off into the habit of the Body, so by a Diaphoresis happily evert the Humour. Of late in extremity great use hath been made of Swine's dung drank in a convenient vehicle. Nor is it a Medicine merely Emperical, it having (from the nature of the Creature to eject it always moist) an Anodine quality, highly conducing to dulcorate the Humour apt to ferment with so much virulency, not to enlarge on other qualities wherewith it may be thought to be endued. At his departure  
1594. Sir William Russel, Youngest Son of Francis Earl of Bedford, August 11. was made Lord Deputy; to whom Tir-Oen submitted himself, but as all submissions of the Irish generally proved prejudicial to the ●●●te; it being observed by Caesar Williamson, in the Epistle to his Oration on the King's Coronation day, that ex omnibus gentibus vix ullam ●●perias cui peccare & flere magis na●●rale est. He soon fell into Rebellion, and the Deputy to strengthen his ability in the management of the War, besought the Queen to assist him with some able Soldiers. upon which Sir John Norris excellently skilled in Martial Discipline, (contrary to the Deputies expectation) was sent over 1595. who much wished for Baskervile. Tir-Oen upon Norris' arrival, fell to his old Artifice of Complying, but was detected, and proclaimed Traitor, under the name of Hugh O-Neal Son of Matthew Fathereugh, that is an Iron-Smith, the base born Son of Con-O-Neal; at which time the Rebels Forces amounted to 1000 Horse, and 6280 Foot in Ulster and 2300 in Connaght, all at Tir-Oens beck; whereas before 80● Foot and 300 Horse were esteemed on our side an invincible Army such mischief arose by teaching them the use of Arms. Norris with what he brought over, and those he took out of Dublin and other places, had fully as potent an Army yet did little against Tir-Oen more than reduced him to a submission One Article of Norris' Commission being to have the whole charge of the War, and Treat with Tir-Oen as he pleased; which kindled ill Fires with the Deputy, that another should be superinducted to so great a Charge; who leaving Norris to Ulster, took care of the Affairs of the other Provinces, and happily managed them, whilst no good effect came of the Truce with Tir-Oen. Which in the end so much redounded to Norris' discontent, that Tir-Oen by his dissembling had nocked him, that shortly after he died. A man certainly of great courage, 
1597.  Nobly born, and had born ●reat Offices, as Colonel General of the English under the States of the Low-Countries, Marshal of the Army under the Earl of Hohenlo, Precedent of Munster, General of the Auxiliary English in Britain in France. Affairs through all Ireland, especially in the North, and Connaght growing turbulent, Russel was recalled. ●nd  
1597. The Lord Burroughs, a man of a sharp wit and great courage, but scarce initiated into the very Elements of War, was made Lord Deputy. He soon yet marched into Ulster, and without any great resistance took Blakewater, but in his full pathway to Victory he died in that Province, leaving the great desires of him to the good and to the bad longer security. Up on his death  
1597. Sir Thomas Norris Pres●dent of Munster, Son of Hen. Lor● Norris of Ricot, and Brother to Si● John Norris, was October 30. chose● Lord Justice; and upon further Instructions from the Queen, confirmed therein. He died through th● neglect of a small wound.  
1597. Adam Loftus Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Chancellor, an● Sir Robert Gardiner Chief Justice were appointed Justices of Ireland and the Army was committed to th● Earl of Ormond, under the Title o● Lieutenant General, in whose tim● the Fort of Blakewater was yielded up to the Rebels. After that Marshal Bagnal and others were slai● in the thickest of the Crowd. A Victory, the like the Irish never gained since the English first set foot i● Ireland.  
1598. Robert Earl 
ROBERT DEVOREUX Earl of Essex, Earl Marshal of England, and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Viscount Hereford, Baron Ferrars of Chartley, Lord Bourchier and Louvain, Master of the Horse and Ordnance to Queen Elizabeth, Knight of the Garter, one of her Majesty's Privy Council, and Chancellor of the Universities of Cambridge and Dublin. XV. April, MDXCVIII.  of Essex, April 15. was made L. Lieutenant, Son of Walter Devoreux Earl of Essex, that excellent and worthy person, who (for the Honour of his Country) had freely spent much of his Estate in Ireland, formerly mentioned, but never to be reflected on too often, whose Virtues streaming in his Son, the Queen settled in this place. His Commission (with a plausible Policy) was dispatched to prosecute or conclude the War, to pardon any offence of Treason, or any thing against the Queen, even Tir-Oen himself; so that being furnished with 16000 Foot, and 1300 Horse, accompanied with many of the Prime Gentlemen of England, he came into Ireland, but effected little; meeting much strange and contrary advice in Council, so returned on the Queen's resentment, and in the year 1601. February 25. was beheaded within the Tower of London. Amongst others that came to observe the Tragedy, one (more eminent than the rest) got as near to him as he could, well enough (as it was thought) satisfied in the Spectacle, which escaped not a general Censure, He himself being being beheaded in the 16 of King James 1618. though a Person of great Parts and Abilities. The Earl was a person singularly obliging, especially to Scholars and Soldiers; and if we may believe Sir Henry Wotton, in his solemn Purposes of a firm and unshaken Allegiance, Religion, and Fidelity, being inherent to his Nature, whose Actions (saith the Lord Bacon, were faults which the Law might term Contempts, yet they might have deserved a Dispensation; his last inconsiderate Action deserving ●ather (in Charity) the Title of a Riot than of a Treason, he having ever aimed at the Honour and Security of his Country. But what can be 
Camd. Eliz. Part 2. p. 210.  sufficient against Envy managed by the subtlety of such as had charmed the Ears of a jealous Princess? At his quitting the Government  
1599 Adam Loftus Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Chancellor, and Sir George Carey Treasurer at War, September 24. were left Lords Justices, Archbishop Loftus of Swinshead in Yorkshire, died in his Palace of St. Sepulchers Dublin, April 5. 1605. and was buried in St. Patrick's, after that he had sat 37 years, and almost 8 months in the Bishopric. He was (as is formerly expressed) a profitable Agent in procuring the Foundation of the College of Dublin, and though a Bishop the first Honorary Master thereof.  
1599 Sir Charles Blount Lord Mountjoy, Knight of the Garter (afterwards by King James made Earl of Devonshire, as descended from an Heir of Humphrey Staffords Earl of Devonshire) was October 28. made Lord Lieutenant, but arrived not in Ireland till Feb. 24. following, lodging that night at the Lord of Houths, the next day he received the Sword at the Council Board; who so effectually prosecuted the War against Tir-Oen, after the notable defeat given to the Spanish Forces under Don Juan de Aquila, at Kinsale, Dec. 14. 1601. where (saith the Lord Bacon in his Treatise of a War with Spain) there appeared no other difference between the Valour of the Irish Rebels and the Spaniards, but that the one ran away before they were charged, and the other strait after; that he brought Tir-Oen to a submission at Mellifont, and in him ended that War which had cost the Crown of England so vast a sum 1198717 l. In which service 
Camd. Append. to Eliz.  Sir George Carey (Precedent of Munster, afterwards Earl of Totness) was very active; betwixt whom and the Lord Lieutenant (generally) there was a good agreement, though once the Contest grew so high, as that the Lord Lieutenant writ to the Precedent that he would rather serve the Queen in Prison than in Ireland, where any Soldiers should not march at his command. A difference afterwards well composed, though such as read Pacata Hibernia may soon find, at whose Honour it most aims.   

Sub JACOBO Rege.  
1603. The said Lord Mountjoy continued for some time Lord Lieutenant; who going for England, carried Tir-Oen with him; who was graciously received by the King, and returned with Honours. Not long after he complotted however fresh Rebellions; which being detected, and he proclaimed Traitor, he fled privately into Normandy, 1607. thence to Flanders, then to Rome, where he lived on the Pope's allowance, became blind and died, 1616. His son was some years after found strangled in his Bed at Brussels, 
Fowlis in his Hist. of Romish Treason.  and so ended this Race. The Earl of Devonshire (to whom so much is owing for his excellent Service 
Vincent on Brook.  in Ireland) died Octob. 6. 1606. at the Savoy in the Strand, and was buried (in great Pomp) in Westminster Abbey.  

Of whom 'tis better nothing now to say  
Then say too little: for there rests behind,  
A Trophy to be erected, that 
So Dan. in his Fun. Po●m on this noble E. p. 22.  will stay  
To all Posterities, and keep in mind  
That glorious Art, which did a Kingdom save;  
Kept the Crown whole, and made the Peace we have.   
1603. Sir George Carey Treasurer at War, June 1. was made Lord Deputy; he in the first year of his Majesty's Reign, made the first Sheriffs that ever served in Tirone and Tirconnel, and shortly after sent Sir Edmund Relham Chief Baron, and Sir John Davies Attorney General of Ireland, the first Justices of Assize in those Countries, which were welcome to the Commons, though distasteful to the Irish 
Davies of Irel. p. 264.  Lords.  
1604. Sir Arthur Chichester, (a Gentleman who had done excellent Service in the Wars of Ireland, giving therein frequent proofs of his Valour and Conduct) was Febr. 3. made Lord Deputy. He established two new Circuits for Justices of Assize, the one in Connaght; and the other in Munster; not but that formerly there had been some established, but not for 200 years executed. 
Davies, p. 265.   
1613. Dr. Thomas Jones Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Chancellor, and Sir Richard Wingfield Marshal of Ireland, March 4. were constituted Lords Justices.  
1614 Sir Arthur Chichester, now Lord of Belfast, July 27. was made Lord Deputy. Who in the 11, 12, and 13. year of this King held a Parliament at Dublin by several Prorogations, passing therein a Recognition of his Majesty's Title to Ireland. An Act against Pirates, another for the Attaindor of Tir-Oen, and an Act of Repeal of divers Statutes concerning the Natives of Ireland; as another of Oblivion, which more really subdued the Irish than all the Forces formerly sent, for the Irish finding themselves thereby Subjects not Enemies, as formerly they were distinguished, the whole Nation grew more in Love with their Subjection to the Crown of England and the English Laws, than ever any Force had reduced them to before; they being a Nation (saith Sir John Davies) that love equal and indifferent Justice, much contented with the Benefit and Protection of the Law. Which (in that it was the Masterpiece and most excellent part of the Work of Reformation, securing the Crown of England, by allowing the British and Irish to grow up together into one Nation) I conceive it not impertinent to give you a touch of; that it may be evident with what singular affection (as well as prudence) the State of England aimed at the Interest of the Natives, as well as the British. By which Act Ireland was indeed Reduced, and not before, to the Imperial Crown of England; Union of Laws being the best Cement of Affections; as farther may appear by the Act itself, Anno XI JACOBI, Cap. V. Fol. 428.  
Declaring, That the Natives of Irish blood (for their Hostility against the English) were in several Statutes and Records, called Irish Enemies; and accordingly abridged of the benefit of the Laws. Bot being now taken into his Majesty's gracious Protection under One Law, as dutiful Subjects, to match and freely commerce together, Those Laws of Difference and Distinction, were wholly abrogated, and from that Session of Parliament utterly repealed.  
At which time the Harp was first marshaled by King James with the Royal Arms of Great Britain. Soon after (even in the 9 year of his Reign) he instituted the Order of Baronet's, upon which Sir Henry Spelman in his Glossary, hath these 
Brit. p. 76.▪  Verses;  

Ecce Baronettos florentis nomen Honoris  
Indicat in Clypei front Cruenta Manus,  
Non quod s●vi aliquid, aut strict● fortiter Ense  
Hostibus occisis gesserit ista Cohors▪  
Ne● genus, aut virtus, meritum ve● gratia Claros  
Efficit, at Nummi O male sana fames!  
Quinque notent digiti centenas quinque ferenda●  
Mercandi pertium nominis esse libras.  
Vilius at multi, dum cauponare 
* R●●usant.  morantu●  
Ex vera Geniti Nobilitate Vir●  
Interea è caulis hic prorepit: Ille tabernis,  
Et modo ●it Dominus, Qni modo servus erat.   
And to keep the Order from swarming, the King confined it to the number of 200, and as their Issue should fail; their Order to cease; engaging for himself and his Heirs, not to superinduct a New Order under another Name. But he that will look how well the End of the Institution, and the Laws of it have been observed, shall (to use Sir Richard 
In his Ch●●●. fol. 439.  Bakers words) perhaps find it to be here, as it was in the Order of St. Michael in France; into which, at first, there were none admitted but Princes, and eminent Persons, but afterwards, all sorts of Men without any difference; that it came almost to be doubted, whether the Dignity of the Order did more grace the Persons, or the Meanness of the Persons disgrace the Order. In so much, as with Camd. (in his Eliz. An. 1594.) I shall conclude with what a noble French man said, The Chain of St. Michael was once a badge of Noble men, but now a Collar for all Creatures. After his quitting Ireland he was sent Ambassador to the Emperor of Germany, which he discharged with singular Integrity and Honour. He died near the time that King James died, and was buried at Belfast in Ireland. For whom some Friend (in a Table hung over his Tomb) hath expressed his Passion, but not our Deputies merit; for which we shall omit the Poem, only give you what is inscribed on the Table.  

Sacred to GOD and eternal MEMORY.  
Sir Arthur Chichester Knight, Baron of Belfast, Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, Governor of Carrigfergus, and of the Countries adjoining; descended of the ancient and noble House of the Chichesters in the County of Devon, Son of Sir John Chichester of Raleigh Knight, and of his Wife Gertrude Courtney▪ Grandchild of Edward Chichester and of his Wife Elizabeth, Daughter of Bourchier Earl of Bath, after the flight of the Earls of Tirone and Ter-Connel, and other Arch Traitors their Complices, having suppressed Odoughertie, and other Northern Rebels, and settled the Plantation of this Province of Ulster, and well and happily governed this Kingdom in flourishing estate under JAMES our King the space of xj years and more, whilst he was Lord Deputy and Governor General thereof, retired himself into his Private Government, and being mindful of his Mortality, represented unto him by the untimely death of Arthur his Son, the only hope of his House; who lived not full two Months after his Birth; as also of his Noble and Valiant Brother Sir John Chichester Knight, late Sergeant Major of the Army in this Kingdom of Ireland, and the Precedent Governor of this Town, hath caused this Chapel to be repaired, and this Vaul● and Monument to be made and erected, as well in remembrance of them whose Statues are expressed, and their Bodies interred, as also a resting place for the Body of himself and his most dear and best beloved Wif● the Noble and Virtuous Lady Lettuce, Eldest Daughter of Sir John Perrot Knight, sometime the Worthy Deputy of this Kingdom; Which they hope shall rest here in peace until the second coming of their crucified Redeemer, whom they mos● constantly believed then to behold with their bodily eyes, to their endless Blessedness and everlasting Comfort.   
Under the Crest,  En me triumphantem. 
Under the Arms,  Honour sequitur fugientem. 
Over the Choir Door in Christ Church Dublin there is this erected to his Memory, at the repairing of the place;  
The Right Honourable Arthur Chichester Baron of Belfast, and Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, who took the Sword of State and Government of this Kingdom the third of February 1604. and when he had been Lord Deputy and governed with Justice 11 Years and odd Days, surrendered the Sword the 11 of February 1616. to the then Lords Justices to his now great Honour and his Majesty's approbation of his worth and merit.  
1615. Doctor Thomas Jones Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Chancellor, and Sir John Denham Knight, Lord Chief Justice of his Majesty's Chief Place, Febr. 11. were constituted Lords Justices. Jones died at his Palace of S. Sepulchers Dublin, April 10. 1619. when he had been Bishop 
W●r● de Praes. Hib. fol. 121.  13 Years, 5 Months, and 2 Days▪ and was buried in St. Patrick's; over whom I find this Inscription;  

Christus mihi Vires.  
On the Right hand the Tomb On the Left hand the Tomb D. O. M. S. D. O. M. S. 
Thomas Jones, Archiepiscopus Dublin, Primus & Metropolitanus Hiberniae, ejusdem Cancellarius, necnon Bis e Justiciariis unus, obiit decimo Aprilis Anno reparatae salutis Humanae, 1619.  
Margareta, ejusdem Thomae Vxor charissima, obiit decimo quinto Decembris, Anno a partu Virgins, 1618.  
Rogerus Jones, Eques auratus, Vicecomes Ranelough, Baro de Navan, necnon Conatiae Praeses, Potentissimis Principibus Jacobo & Carolo, Magrae Britanniae, Franciae, & Hiberniae Regibus à Secretioribus in Hiberniae Consiliis parentibus optimis, Vxoribus charissimis, sibi & posteris posuit. Prior Vxor fuit Francisca filia Geraldi Viceeomitis Moor de Drogheda quae obiit 23 Novembris, Anno à Christo nato 1620. Altera vero Katherine filia Henrici Longevil de Woolverton in Comitatu Buckinghamiaes Equitis aurati, quae obiit 4. Decembris, Anno Domini 1628.  
Filius & Conjux moesti Monumenta doloris Hic Patri, Matri, Conjugibusque loco.  Denham died, January▪ 6. 1638. anno aetatis 80. and lies buried in a noble Monument in Egham in Surrey. Where is his Effigies rising out of his Coffin with his Winding Sheet falling off, holding up his left hand, and his right hand straight down. Over his left hand in the Tomb are these words, Futura spero ut à peccatis in vita, sic à morte post vitam ut secund● redeat primam & ultimam in Christo resurrectionem ex omni parte perfectam. Under his right hand upon the side of the Coffin pointing to his Robes, only two words, Praeterita Sperno, contemning the World and the glory of it. Further under his Coffin he lies at length in his Judge's Robes, and upon the edge of which Compartment (under which the Dead are rising, with his own Effigies among the rest) there is writ Ex Ossibus armati.   
The Tomb is supported by two Pillars upon which stand two Angels, one on the right hand with a scythe and Trumpet; and the other on the left, with a Book and Trumpet, under either of which Pedestals there is Surge à Somnis. And then round about the edge of the Tomb over his head is writ in Golden Letters (as all the rest) Via, vita & resurrectio mea est per Jesum Christum ad aeternam Beatitudinem cum sanctis. Over his Tomb are his Arms.  
Over the Choir Door in Christ Church Dublin, likewise is this for Sir John Denham.  The Honourable Sir John Denham Knight, Lord Chief Justice of his Majesty's Chief Place, and one of the Lords Justices in this Kingdom in the Year 1616. 
And in one of the Chapel Windows in Lincoln's Inn, illustrated by the indefatigable Antiquary Mr. Dugdale, I find this Registered;  Johannes Denham Miles, unus Baronum Curiae Scaccarii in Anglia, & quondam Capitalis Baro Scaccarii in Hibernia, & unus Dominorum Justiciariorum in Hibernia. 
Sir John Denham was the first that ever set up Customs in Ireland, (not but that there were Laws for the same before) of which the first year was made 500 l. but before his death which was about 22 years after, they were let for 54000 l. per annum.  
1616. Sir Oliver St. John, afterwards Viscount Grandeson, who had done very memorable Service at Kinsale, and other places, August 30. Lord Deputy. In memory of whom, over the Choir Door in Christ Church Dublin, it is thus written;  
The Right Honourable Sir Oliver St. John Knight, descended of the noble House of the Lord St. john's of Bletso, Deputy General of Ireland, who took the Sword of State and Government of this Kingdom into his hands August 30. 1616.  
During his Government, Affairs were not carried on so happily in Ireland, but several discontents arose daily in the Parliament assembled at Westminster, especially in the House of Commons, who broke up with a Protestation much resented by King James, 1621. in as much as several Members of Parliament were committed, and Sir Dudley Diggs, Sir Tho. Crew, Sir Nath. Rich, and Sir James Perrot, all active Commoners (for Punishment) were sent into Ireland, joined in Commission with others under the Great Seal of England, for the Enquiry of sundry matters concerning his Majesty's Service, as well in the Government Ecclesiastical as Civil, as in point of his Revenue, and otherwise within that 
Rushw. Hist. Collect. Fol. 55.  Kingdom, of whose account the Times were silent; nor do I find but by the Acts that passed in this Governors' time, and the Character that he left behind Little, was justly to be inspected into. He lived afterwards in great repute in England, and died at Battersey, Anno Aetatis 70. December 29. 1630. for whom on the North side of the Choir in Battersey Church, is this Inscription on a fair Marble;  

Deo Trino & uni sacrum.  
Olivero Nicolai St. John de Lydiard, filio secundo, Equiti aurato, antiquissimis & illustribus de Bello Campo de Bletsoe, Grandisonis & Tregoziae Familiis oriundo. Terra Marique, Domi Forisque, Belli Pacisque, artibus egregio: Diu Elizabethae e nobilissima Pensionariorum cohort suis inde meritis & singulari Divi Jacobi gratia in Hybernia Instrumentis bellicis praefecto: Conaciae propreside Questori summo & Regis Vicario, Procomiti de Grandisonis & Tregoziae de Hyworth in Anglia Baroni. Eidem Divo Jacobo & Filio ejus Piissimo a Secretioribus & Sanctioribus Consiliis, postquam is annos Honoribus Aequaverat, & tranquilissime senuerat. Somnienti similiter extincto Johannes de St. John Eques & Baronettus ex Fratre Nepos & Heres Auunculo me●entissimo moestissimus posuit in Ecclesia de Battersea. Vixit annos 70. Mor. 29. Decembris, 1630.   
1622. Sir Adam Loftus Lord Viscount Ely, Lord Chancellor, and Sir Rich. Wingfield Viscount Powerscourt, May 4. Lords Justices.  
Henricus Dominus Cary, Vicecomes Faulklandiae Contrarotulator Hospitii Serenissimi Domini Regis Jacobi Deputatus suae Majestatis in Regno Hiberniae, & unus Dominorum Privati Consilii Dicti Domini Regis in Regno Angliae, Anno Dom. MDCXXII.  
1622. Henry Cary Lord Viscount of Falkland in Scotland, born at Aldernam in Hartfordshire, September 8. Lord Deputy.   

Sub CAROLO I.  
1625. The said Henry Viscount Falkland Lord Deputy; in whose time that memorable Protestation made by the Bishops, published by Doctor Downham Bishop of Londonderry in Christ Church Dublin, against Popery (every where extant) was grateful; he carried himself very circumspect, and was in his own person mighty obliging; but as a late Author observes, that an unruly Colt will fume and chafe (though never switched nor spurred) merely because backed. In vindication of whose equal and just Government, the Council of Ireland, Apr. 28. 1629. assured his Majesty, that for the Insolence and Excrescence of the Popish Clergy, and the outrageous Presumption of the unsettled Irish it was less kerbed by reason the Deputy and Council were somewhat limited concerning them, by late Instructions, Letters, and Directions out of England; and that they did dare affirm that the rest of the great Body (as to the Civil part thereof) was in better order at that time then ever it was in the memory of man, as to the execution of Justice and the freedom of men's Persons and Estates (the present charge of the Army excepted) and the advancement of the Revenues of the Crown, the competent number of Bishops and other able and learned Ministers of the Church of England, and that for 200 years' last passed, England had never been so free of the charge of Ireland, as under this Government. 
Scrinia Sacra, p. 236.  After his quitting of Ireland, he lived very honourable in England, until by a casualty he broke his Leg on a Stand in Theobalds' Park, and soon after died thereof, Anno 163.  
1629. Sir Adam Loftus Lord Viscount Ely, Lord Chancellor, and Sir Richard boil Earl of Cork, Lord Treasurer, October 26. were sworn Lords Justices. In their time the Fiction of St. Patrick's Purgatory in Lough-Dirg was discovered to be a mere Illusion, a little Cell hewed out of a Rock, no Confines of Purgatory or Hell, though Priests made use of it to ensnare Pilgrims. In whose time also (though none were less Favourers of the Papists than they) the Roman Catholics (viz. 
In his Reign of K. Charles I. fol. 116.  1633.) writes Hamond L' Estrange, began to rant it in Ireland, and to exercise their Fancies (called Religion) so publicly as if they had gained a Toleration; in as much as they said Mass frequently, till they were suppressed by the Lords Justices, and 15 Houses (by direction of the Lords of the Council from England) were seized on to the King's use, and the Friars and Priests so persecuted, as two hanged themselves in their own defence. Their principle House in Backlane was disposed of to the University of Dublin, (formerly took notice of) who placed a Rector and Scholars in it, maintaining a Weekly Lecture there, which the Justices countenanced with their presence, though afterwards the House was otherwise disposed of. Yet Affairs of this nature, as well as others, growing still irregular, the Romish Clergy too increasing to near double the number of Reformed Believers, in as much as their Insolency aspired to that height, as openly to erect an University in Dublin, in emulation, or rather in defiance of the King's College there. Of which the House of Commons in England (ever tender of the Affairs of Ireland) took especial notice in their first 
Ephemeris Parliamentar. fol. 210.  Remonstrance to the King 1628. that without control the Popish Religion in Ireland, was openly professed and practised in every part thereof, Popish Jurisdiction being there generally exercised and avowed, Monasteries, Nunneries, and other superstitious Houses newly erected, re-edified and replenished with men and women of several Orders, and in a plentiful manner maintained in Dublin, and most of the great Towns, etc. Upon which Thomas Lord Viscount Wentworth Precedent of the North, was thought of as the fittest person to balance those Differences. Sir Richard boil Earl of Cork died at Youghal, and was there buried, Anno 1643. near the Date, (if not on the Day) of the Cessation concluded at Sigginstown, September 15. unwilling to survive what he suspected might not be auspicious to the English, or conducible to the end for which it was designed; wherein he prophesied not ill. He was a person for his Abilities and Knowledge in the Affairs of the World eminently observable; in as much as (though he was no Peer of England, yet) he was admitted to sit in the Lord's House upon the Woolsacks ut Consiliarius. And for all the Estate he arrived at (which was the greatest in the memory of the last Age) none ever taxed him with exorbitancies, but such as thought Princes had too little, and Religious men not enough. In St. Patrick's Church Dublin, there is a fair Monument for him and his Relations. What concerns him is this,  

God's Providence is our Inheritance.  
This Monument was erected for the Right Honourable Sir Richard boil Knight, Lord boil, Baron of Youghal, Viscount of Dungarvan, Earl of Cork, 
* A Title rather of honour than Profit, having but 30 l. Fee from the Exchequer, the Vice Treasurer or Treasurer at War having the chief emoluments of the Place, though the Lord Treasurer carries the Staff and bears the dignity.  Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, of the King's Privy Council of this Realm, and one of the two Lords Justices for the Government of this Kingdom, in memory of his most dear, virtuous and Religious Wife, the Lady Katherine, Countess of Cork, and their Posterity; as also of her Grandfather Dr. Robert Weston sometime Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and one of the Lords Justices for the Government thereof: whose Daughter Alice Weston was married to Sir Geoffery Fenton Kt. Principal Secretary of State in this Realm; and they had issue the said Lady Katherine Countess of Cork, who lieth here interred with her said Father and Grandfather, whose Virtues she inherited on the Earth, and lieth here entombed with them. All expecting a joyful Resurrection. Obiit 10. die Februarii, Anno 1629.   
The Issue of the Right Honourable Richard Lord boil, Earl of Cork, and the Lady Katherine his Wife, with the Arms of such of their Daughter's Husbands as are married.  
Anno Dom. 1631  
Honoratissimus, praenobilis ac Illustrissimus Dominus Thomas Vicecomes Wentworth, Baro Wentworth de Wentworth Woodhouse, Dominus de Newmarche & Oversley, Serenissimi Domini CAROLI Magnae Britanniae, Franciae, & Hiberniae, Regis, Deputatus Generalis in regno suo Hiberniae. Dominus Praesidens Concilii in partibus Borealibus regni Angliae & à Secretioribus suae Majestatis Conciliis, Anno Dom. MDCXXXIII.  
1633. Thomas Lord Viscount Wentworth, Precedent of the North, was sworn Lord Deputy July 25. One whose vast abilities the King had had due experience of, therefore constitutes him in this Place. The year following he summoned a Parliament at Dublin, who granted three Subsidies; by Virtue of which, and his prudent management thereof, he paid an Arrear of 80000 l. due before his Arrival, than which nothing (of his Master's Justice) could be more honourable and obliging. No kind of Expense being more worthy a Prince, or like to eternize him surer than what is paid to Posterity in right of their Ancestors. And besides this, all Salaries, Civil and Military, were (through his prudent management of those Subsidies and his Majesty's Revenue) paid without charge to England, beyond what else he advanced to his Majesty's Purse. Who going for England,  
1636. Sir Adam Loftus Viscount Ely, Lord Chancellor, and Christopher Wansford Master of the Rolls, July 3. were sworn Lords Justices. Viscount Ely died about the beginning of the late Troubles in England, in Yorkshire, as I take it, where he was born, and there was buried. He was a Person of a grave Presence, and one that had long managed the Chancellorship in Ireland without offence, till some private Interest made an Inspection into his carriage; yet (when a very remarkable business came on the Stage) he waved making public Clamour the subject of his Revenge.  
1636. Thomas Lord Viscount Wentworth, etc. Nou. 23. Lord Deputy. During whose time the notable Case of Tenors upon the Commission of Defective Titles came to be argued by the Judges of Ireland; five of which were of opinion, that the Letters Patents granted by King James in the IV year of his Reign, March 2. were void in the whole, the Subject having contrary to the Authority given by the Commission, obtained Letters Patents in fraud and deceit of the Crown, to defeat the King of his Tenors in Capite, a principle Flower of his Crown, as is fullyargued by Sir James Barry (Baron Barry) in the Case 
Printed at Dublin, 1637.  drawn up by him. Contrary to which, two Judges (viz. Justice Mayart and Justice Cressey) held that the Letters Patents were only void as to the Tenure, which Opinion (amongst the generality) begat a reverence of the later Judges almost incredible; especially after it was decreed at the Council Board July 13. 1637. that all Tenors (other than by Knight's Service in Capite) were void in the whole, and therefore disannulled whatever Estates had otherwise past in the Counties of Roscomman, Slygo, Mayo, Galloway, or the County of the Town of galway; yet after all (when it had cost his Majesty much in fining Offices) none of these Lands were ever alienated from the pretenders to them. Afterward the Lord Deputy going for England, the North of Ireland being sufficiently secured against the Scots, at that time somewhat suspected.  
1639. Robert Lord Dillon of Kilkenney West, and Christopher Wansford Master of the Rolls, September 12. were sworn Lords Justices; In whose time a Parliament was summoned at Dublin, but more than meet did little, in expectation of  
Illustrissimus & excellentissimus Dom. Thomas Comes de Straffordia, Vicecom. Wentworth, Baro Wentworth de Wentworth Woodhouse, de Novo Mercato, Oversley, & Raby, Serenissimi Dom. CAROLI, Magn. Britanniae, Franciae, & Hiberniae, Regis, Locum-tenens Generalis: Necnon Gubernator Generalis Regni sui Hiberniae, Dominus Praesidens Consilii in partibus Borealibus Regni Angliae: & à Secretioribus suae Majestatis Consiliis, Anno Dom. MDCXXXIX.  
1639. Thomas Ld Viscount Wentworth, some Months before made Earl of Strafford, then constituted Lord Lieutenant, for that as his Patent runs, Obsequium suum & industriam nobis aegregiè probaverit dum Officium Deputatus nostri in Regno nostro Hiberniae, & Praefecturam generalem exercitus nostri ibidem conscripti fide summa administravit, resque nostras illius regni ea Prudentia ordinaverit ut nostro honori, saluti, Ecclesiae populoque universo, optime Consulerit. He arrived at Dublin March 18. and the next day received the Sword at the Council Table. After which he appeared in Parliament, who granted four entire Subsidies for that (as it is in the Preamble of the Statute) being moved 
Anno 16 Car. Reg.  thereunto by sundry great causes of joy and comfort; particularly in providing and placing over us so just, wise, vigilant, and profitable a Governor as the Right Honourable Sir Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, Lord Lieutenant of this your said Kingdom of Ireland, Precedent of your Majesty's Council, established in the North parts of your said Kingdom of England, One of your Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council of the said Kingdom. Who by his great care and travel of body and mind, sincere and upright Administration of Justice without Partiality, increase of your Majesty's Revenues without the least hurt or grievance to any of your well-disposed and loving Subjects: And our great comforts and security by the large and ample benefits which we have received, and hope to receive from your Majesty's Commission of Grace for remedy of Defective Titles, procured hither by his Lordship from your Sacred Majesty. His Lordship's great care and pains in Restauration of the Church, the Reinforcement of your Army within this Kingdom, and ordering the same with such singular and good Discipline, as that it is now become a great comfort, stay and security to this your whole Kingdom, which before had an Army rather in name than substance: His support of your Majesty's wholesome Laws here established; his encouragement to your Judges, and other good Officers, Ministers, and Dispenser's of your Laws in the due and sincere Administration of Justice: his necessary and just strictness for the execution thereof, his due punishment of the contemners of the same, and his care to relieve and redress the Poor and oppressed. For this your tender care over us, showed by the deputing and supporting of so good a Governor, etc. We in free Recognition of your great goodness towards us, do for the Alleviation of some part of your Majesties said inestimable charges, most humbly and freely offer to your Majesty, etc. four entire Subsidies, etc. Upon the reputation of which, the Earl of Strafford raised 8000 Foot, and 1000 Horse, additional to the Veterane Forces. And so having expedited his Majesty's Affairs there, he hasted into England; where after a Trial before his Peers in Westminster Hall, (a Scene more magnificent than History can Parallel) he was on the pretended hate of the whole Empire, condemned by Bill of Attaindor. Et si accusatus non minus acriter quam fideliter Defensus, varias sententias habuit plures tamen quasi mitiores. Since which, that Act, with all the circumstances of it, was repealed, Anno 14 Caroli secundi, worthy often perusal, having in it the state of the whole business; and the same act that condemned him also secured, that his Death should not be a precedent for the like. He was beheaded on Tower-hill, May 12. 1641. Quem Ille (as it was said of Momoransis) supremum casum fortiter juxta & Religiose tulit. For whom there are several Epitaphs, but that of his Majesty in his incomparable Meditations will survive Brass or Marble:  I look (saith his Majesty) upon my Lord of Strafford, as a Gentleman whose abilities might make a Prince rather afraid than ashamed in the greatest Affairs of State. 
Some few days after the Earl of Strafford was beheaded, Robert Earl of Leicester (Grandson of Sir Henry Sidney that excellent Governor) was nominated Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. A Person acceptable on all accounts, having never been engaged in the public Currant of the Times, a virtue very remarkable, but often employed on the noblest Embassies abroad and at home, whereby he was a fit Instrument to serve his Prince in so eminent an employment on the loss of such a Minister of State as the Earl of Strafford, who by his knowledge in Martial Affairs, and other his great Abilities, would have been no doubt (as Sir Benjamin Rudyard observed) 
Diurnal Occurrences, p. 355.  abundantly capable to have reduced the Irish to a due Obedience. But though he had sent over Servants and much Furniture into Ireland, and lay a long time at Chester for a dispatch, he yet never came into Ireland, much to the Regret of many that wished well to that Service; though part of the Arrears of his Entertainment there, are of late secured by the Act of Settlement in Ireland.  
1640. Christopher Wansford, Master of the Rolls, took the Oath of Lord Deputy April 3. and died suddenly Decemb. 3. following, passionately (as it was thought) affected with the imprisonment of the Earl of Strafford, whose intimacy had been of ancient date. Nor were his apprehensions the less, for that not long before (the Parliament sitting at Dublin) some Instructions were agreed on by the House of Commons, (for a Committee to be sent into England) which reflecting on the Earl of Strafford, he caused (as it was generally reported) to be razed out of the Journal Book. An example of which he had observed in the 19 year of King James, Anno 1621. when the Protestation of the House of Commons was defaced by the Kings own hand, and enjoined the Agents (then appointed) not to repair to the Court without the King's Licence; which (notwithstanding) they did, some from one Port some from another. He was buried in Christ Church Dublin. A Gentleman certainly of excellent Parts, a clear Orator, and One regained from the Popular Party of the House of Commons in England, to serve his Prince in the Secrets of State. On his death  
1640. Robert Lord Dillon of Kilkenny-West, and Sir William Parson's Knight and Baronnet, Master of the Court of Wards, Decemb. 30. were sworn Lords Justices. But the Lord Dillon, a person of great abilities and a shrewd reach, well esteemed of by the Earl of Strafford, being excepted against by some of the Irish Committee of Parliament then in England, he was displaced. Yet that no business for the advantage of Ireland might be delayed through the misdirections of Orders from his Majesty; he was pleased by his Letters January 4. in the 16 year of his Reign, directed to his Privy Council in Ireland, and to Sir William Parsons and Sir John Borlase Knights, then designed to be his Justices of that his Kingdom, to grant (amongst other things) that his Subsidies there should be reduced to a lesser rate than formerly; and that all Letters directed to the Lieutenant, Deputy, Justices, Chief Governor or Governors, or to any other Officers or Ministers of that Realm, either concerning the Public Affairs or private Interests of any Subject there, might be entered into his Signet Office in England, to the end that they may be (upon occasion) found to take Copies of for the Subjects better Information in such public things as may concern them; as also that all Dispatches from Ireland should safely be kept apart, that like recourse may be had to them for the better satisfaction of the Subject who shall be concerned therein. And whereas in the former Governors' time there were endeavours to hinder some Agents of Parliament to have recourse into England, his Majesty takes notice that for as much as the Committee of the Parliament of Ireland, John Bellew Esquire, and Oliver Cassel, with others employed thence, have repaired into his Kingdom of England to represent their Grievances, he hath manifested his gracious condescensions to them, admitting them into his Royal Presence, forbidding his Counsellors in Ireland, or any other Officers or Ministers of that State to proceed any wise against them or any of them for the same; and that any of his Subjects shall have Copies of Records, Certificates, Orders of Council, public Letters, or other Entries for the Declaration of their▪ Grievances made, so open was his breast to the Complaints presented to him from the Parliament in Ireland, that if there had not been a general Defection long anvilled in the minds of that People, the event of so horrid a Rebellion (as few Months after happened) could not have been the Issue of such Remarkable condescensions. At the Lord dillon's going off,  
1640. Sir William Parson's Master of the Court of Wards, long experienced in the Affairs of Ireland, and Sir John Borlase Knight, Master of the Ordnance, well known to his Majesty by several Employments at home and abroad, as Colonel in the Low-Countries, and Lieutenant General under the Lord Vere, one of the most expert and fortunate Captains in the World, were the 10 (not the 9 as some write) of February, sworn at the Council Board Lords Justices: who jointly endeavoured to smooth the rugged Passages of those Times, obtaining from his Majesty more Graces than was thought would have been indulged the Irish, in as much as a most Honourable person a noble Peer in the House of Lords, avouched that the Lords Justices had always cheerfully received their Requests and Messages, and were ready to comply with them, desiring that it might be entered in their Journal, to the end that the memory of so even a Government might remain to Posterity. Yet such than were the contrivance of the Irish to Rebellion, that though as one says, the Design was many times discontinued, yet it bore an ancient date, and was subtly pursued in Parliament the Session before it broke forth; when they pretended (by a Committee of both Houses) to search his Majesty's Stores, as if some Plot had been framed there to destroy the Parliament (the House of Parliament being then over part of the Store) and on that pretence they would fain have seen all his Majesty's Store of Ammunition and Arms. But the Lord Borlase (Master of the Ordnance, under whose charge those were) boldly denied their Requests as his Majesty's choicest Jewels, not to be discovered without his especial Orders, which they took ill, and Octob. 23. 1641. the Rebellion sadly broke out in its vigour and extremity, raised for the Restauration of the public Profession of the Romish Religion, the Restitution of all the Plantation Lands unto the Natives, and settlement of the present Government into their hands. On which pretensions it went on currently, though the night before Owen O-Canally (a mere Irish man, but trained up in the Protestant Religion, who out of a sense of his 
The Anniversary Act of Thanksgiving, fol. 5.  Duty and Loyalty to his Majesty, and for the preservation of his good People, and as an Effect of that Religion he was trained up in) had discovered it first to the Lord Parsons, and then (not accounting himself to be sufficiently credited) to the Lord Borlase, at whose House the Council (such as could be raised from their Beds) met; and securing the Castle and City with such strength as they had, the Lord Mac-Guire, Colonel Hugh Oge-Mac-Ma●one, (some of them afterwards hanged at Tyburn) and others, were convened before them; who yet made so slight a business of their Plot (being discovered and their persons apprehended) as the Relator saw Mac-Mahon and others draw Gibbets (in Chalk) with men hanging on them in several places in the Lord Borlases Hall, as the best death the English could expect from them. In the Interim Dublin (by a strange Providence) was secured, though afterwards infested with so many inconveniences, such straits, as these Justice's Government was under a perpetual trouble and anxiety, being at the best but uncertainly supplied out of England; though such was the Resentment that the Parliament (then sitting) had of Ireland, and the outrages committed against the English, as they forthwith Ordered 20000 l. for the present supply; as also 6000 Foot and 2000 Horse to be raised with all convenient speed, Voting other things necessary thereunto, passing an Act afterwards for Subscriptions, which were very free and liberal, besides a general Collection through all his Majesty's Dominion of England and Wales towards the necessities of the poor distressed Christians and Protestants barbarously suffering in Ireland. Which later Act arose to a very considerable sum, so much were the People generally affected with the afflictions of their Brethren, and for the most part the Contribution was circumspectly and well disposed of, though I am not ignorant that some laid it out in vanity, when afterwards their necessities wished a supply for food. That hence such was the success (that waited on the War prosecuted by the English) that till the Exigencies of the Time brought on a Cessation, they never received (the Defeat near julian's Town excepted, happening not without much ignorance) any Scorn or Defeats; and what was very remarkable, without any assistance either from the mere Irish or English-Irish, such a Unity was in the Conspirators, (the Irish Catholics) that the Insurrection diffusing itself over the whole Kingdom, settled into, and became a form and almost a National Rebellion of the Irish Papists against his late Royal Majesty of blessed Memory; as more at large appears in an Act entitled, An Act for the better Execution of his Majesty's gracious Declaration for the settlement of his Kingdom of Ireland, fol. 1. As also in an Act for the Anniversary Thanksgiving for the Deliverance, October 23. showing the Conspiracy so generally inhuman, barbarous, and cruel, as the like was never before heard of in any Age or Kingdom, etc. Nihil illâ caede per paludes, per plateas, per viam Regiam perque Sylvas cruentius, nihil insultatione barbarorum intolerantius praecipuè tamen in Causarum Patronos, to use Floras' expression in his Chapter, De Bello adversus gentes 
P: 115.  exteras: to which I need add no more, those Acts being of Authority to continue and outface such as would lay a finer Varnish on so horrid a Design. So as these Governors were encompassed with a thousand difficulties, (maugre the Imputation of very unjust Designs some would charge them with) and Money coming in very slow; all People were encouraged by Orders from the Council Board, Dated at the Castle of Dublin, (one on the 5, the later on the 14 of January, 1642.) to bring in their Plate to be coined, which many did; some who in respect of their Employment had least reason to do it, whilst others secured theirs. At first the Stamp was in this Form, merely with the value of the Silver upon it.  
Afterwards by the King's Approbation, all kinds of pieces from 1 d. to 5 s. were in this manner stamped.  
And now some exceptions being taken against Sir William Parsons, (which in the Scene of Affairs was no difficult thing to do) he was removed, yet without any other disrespect or reflections, that now being free, he retired (with much ease) to his own Privacies, with which he was much satisfied, till Dublin being on all sides (but the Sea) obstructed, he went for England; where (not finding his expectations answered) he grew less composed, and died at Westminster, MDCXLIX, and was buried the TWO of March in St. Margerets Church near the Abbey. A Gentleman of long and happy experience, one of a considerable Ally in Ireland, having many Children fortunately bestowed on thriving Families, in which himself was an excellent Example, a knowing Judge, and a Civil Magistrate.  
1643. Sir John Borlase Knight, Master of the Ordnance, and Sir Henry Tichborn Governor of Tredath, (who deserves a noble Memory for his Service there) were May 1. sworn Lords Justices at the Council Board: who upon the Consummation of the Cessation wholly concluded by the Marquis of Ormond, and the settlement of the Army, resigned. Nor indeed did they it without much Repose, great difficulties arising upon the Cessation, not possible for them to satisfy, the Exchequer being quite exhausted, and the Money agreed to be brought in by the Cessation being very negligently paid; besides the Cessation was not by all the British and Protestant Forces received with equal compliance, through which complaints daily multiplied. Monro in the North grew so much incensed at the Cessation that in his Letters to the Lords Justices, dated September 29. 1643. after that he had acknowledged the States Command to obey it, he writ to the Lords Justices and Council, That that kind of usage and contempt of making a Cessation without security for their Pay, etc. would constrain good servants (though his Majesty's Loyal Subjects) to think upon some course which might be satisfactory to them, being driven almost to despair, and threatened to be persecuted by the Roman Catholic Subjects, as they were termed. Upon which the Confederate Council at Kilkenny, Octob. 15. following, writ to the Lords Justices and Council at Dublin to join with them the Power of all his Majesty's good Subjects within this Kingdom, to secure the Cessation inviolable, and that (whilst their Succours were in preparation) their Proceedings might no ways be thought to violate the Cessation. The Consequence of which may hereafter be enlarged on. Sir John Borlase (truly sensible of the times) died in great St. bartholomew's London, March 15. 1647. Anno Aetatis suae, 72. and lies there buried in the East end of the North side of the Chancel, near the Communion Table; for whom I find Edward Bisse Esquire, now Sir Edward Clarentieux, in his Notes on Sir Henry spelman's Aspilogia, hath left this Character, writing (after that he had taken notice of his descent from Borlase in Cornwall) that  Cum ab Imperatoriis muneribus, quibus, cum in Hollandia, tum in Germania & Dania defunctus est, requievisset, postmodum cum provinciae socio Guilielmo Parsono equity Aurato, vices Proregis in Hibernia amoto Straffordiae Comite obivit, sub titulo Hiberniae Justiciarii, majori virtutis famâ, quam sibi & suis consulturus de re familiari amplianda, ut qui tam Divitiarum Contemptor, quam fortitudinis & verae Pietatis Cultor. Isque pari famae integritate ad obitum usque summum praefecturam aeneorum tormentorum in Hibernia sustinuit; Per Maternam Ishamiorum in Northamptonia originem sanguine annexus erat vetustissimae & nobilissimae familiae Comitum Oxoniensium quos Heroicarum virtutum & sanguinis juxta Cognatione contingebat. 
Sir Henry Tichburn died at Beauly his House near Drogheda, Anno 1667. and was buried in St. Mary's Church in Drogheda, that owed a Rite to his Ashes, who (with so much vigilance and excellent Conduct) had preserved It and the Town; the Defence of which was the security of Dublin, for had the Irish took Drogheda, or deserted it (so as to have laid the like Siege to Dublin) so many poor souls as escaped thither, could never have been relieved; nor could the State have been in any capacity to have subsisted till Forces arrived from England, the first of which was on the last of December 1641. under the Conduct of Sir Simon Harcourt, Colonel of a Regiment of Foot designed Governor of the City of Dublin, that long experienced and excellent Officer, worthy the memory of the best Prince, and most grateful People; who afterwards was by an especial Order admitted into the Privy Council. But Providence (whose eyes are in the Wheels) so ordered the business, that the whole force of the Irish (united in Fury and Villainy) were most miraculously there defeated, and that merely through God's mercy, by the Courage and Valour of the Besieged, bearing out against the uttermost of Extremity and Treachery, faithfully set down by Dean Bernard in his Treatise entitled, The Siege of Drogheda, the complete freeing of which was upon the taking of Dundalk, March 26. 1642. Sir Henry Tichbourn entered Drogheda, Novemb. 4. 1641. so early had the Vigilance of the State (through the experience of One, who well knew the hazards of delay in War) provided for its Defence, sending thither with Sir Henry Tichbourn Governor, Sir John Borlase jun. afterwards Colonel, and Lieutenant of the Ordnance, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Byron, since Knight, and late Master of the Ordnance, and Lieutenant Colonel Philip Wainmond, all formerly Field-Officers, to join with the most excellent and truly Noble Henry Lord Viscount Moor, afterwards Lieutenant General of the Horse, deservedly registered amongst the first of the Nobility and Officers; who was unfortunately slain at the beginning of the Treaty of the first Ceslation, through the grazing of a Cannon bullet, which he foresaw, yet took not warning enough to evade. These all served cheerfully under his Command, though the change of Fortune (to whom none is indebted for her constancy) hath sufficiently evidenced in Some, how little is to be trusted to Ones Merits, if Favour be not also put into the Balance.  
Sir Henry Tichbourn, descended from an ancient Family in Hampshire, from whom, though he received much, his Virtue added more, he was early educated in the Wars; some years before his death he was made Marshal of Ireland.  
1643. James Marquis of Ormond, Jan. 21. in Christ Church Dublin, was with great solemnity and general acceptance, sworn L. Lieutenant; a person likeliest, by his Interests and Concerns, to manage the troublesome Affairs then in agitation. Not long after his access to the Government, the Lord Inchequin (instigated by the Parliament of England) violated the Cessation in Munster, as the Scots had done before in Ulster, whilst the Irish under the Command of the Pope's Nuncio, and Owen Row (a most inveterate Enemy to the English) equally impatient of the Name as of the Government, withdrew their Soldiers from their Fidelity and Colours; though in the interim Preston and Taff endeavoured to make up a Peace with the King. In opposition to which the Lord Inchequin and the Prime Officers in Munster, had before interposed their sense, That no Peace 
The Lord Inchequin and the Officers Letter from Cork July 17.  could be concluded with the Irish which would not bring unto his Majesty and the Kingdom (in general) a far greater prejudice than show of a Peace there will bring them an advantage etc. adding in the close, that the true sense of the aspersion the Irish had cast upon his Majesty (with all those other Reasons which they had set down in their Declaration) made them resolve to die a thousand deaths rather than to condescend to any Peace with the perfidious Rebels, vowing never to desert the Cause that was so visibly God Almighty's.  
Notwithstanding which and many more difficulties, his Excellency bore up with an equal heat, till that through the impetuousness of the Times, the English Monarchy was discemented, that the King being retired to New Castle, writes from thence to the Marquis of Ormond, June 11. 1646. That for many Reasons, too long for a Letter, we think it fit to require you to proceed no further in Treaty with the Rebels, nor to engage Us upon any Conditions with them after sight hereof, etc. Our Service and the good of our Protestant Subjects being herein much concerned. After which the Rebels laying Siege to Dublin, and the Lord Lieutenant not being able to sustain a longer Encounter, the Scots too infesting at a distance, surrendered Dublin, June 18. 1647. and what the King held in Ireland to the Parliaments Commissioners, Arthur Ansloe Esq;, Sir Robert King, Sir Robert Meredith, Colonel John More, Colonel Michael Jones (to whom Cheshire gives a Character that he never charged the Enemy till he came to the Head of their Troops) rather then to suffer the Interest of the English and Protestants to fall into the Power of the Irish. And so retires for England soon after. But before that he left the Kingdom, Philip Lord Lisle was by the Parliament of England, 1646. Jan. 28. ordered to go into Ireland as their Lieutenant personally well furnished, though otherwise with no considerable Force; being made to believe that that part of the Army in England (which had then nothing to do, the King being brought to Holmby) should be sent after him, upon which Febr. 19 he set sail from Minhead and arrived at Cork the 22. yet the Army (from whence he expected great matters) then growing mutinous, would not be commanded by the Parliament; amongst which there were, besides a Party in the House, that did not further his Design, with whom some in Ireland showed (at his landing) to have an intimacy or correspondence; so that though (for the little time he was there) it could not be said but that Affairs were prudently carried, yet finding the Scene so contrary to his expectation, he furnished the Marquis of of Ormond the 10 of March, with 20 Barrels of Powder, and the first of April 1647. he returned for England, being out of hopes of more than those small Forces he carried with him.  
1648. The said James Marquis of Ormond (furnished with new Instructions) returns (on the Votes of Non-Addresses) anew into Ireland Lord Lieutenant; but so writes Elenchus, as to Act nothing in the 
P. 223.  execution of that Power as long as the Treaty with the King, or any hopes of Peace lasted. Which Injunction he very solemnly observed, retiring himself to the Castle of Kilkenny, his proper Inheritance; but finding (at length) how the King was abused in that Treaty, he then vigorously endeavoured to improve his Interests for his Majesty's Service, though with that Caution, so vigilant an Eye, such a wary Foot, as if the concerns of Posterity, more than his own, was deposited in the weightiest Scale: and thereupon, being forced in the midst of great straits, to conclude a Peace with the Confederate Irish, he proclaimed it, Jan. 17. 1648. which yet so little endeared him to them (though such Terms could never have been gained but at such an extremity) as August 12. 1650. the titulary Archbishops of Ireland and others of the Clergy, convened at James Town, left no stone unturned to have hit him if it had been possible; excommunicating all that adhered to him, though at his departure they testified (by an Act made at their General Assembly at Loghreough, Decemb. 7. 1650.) that they were fully satisfied that his Excellency had faithful Intentions and hearty Affections to advance his Majesty's Interests and Service in that Kingdom. Soon after which he quitted Ireland, having born (with incredible patience) the Affronts and Insolences of the most considerable part of the Irish against his Majesty's Authority lodged in him; and so, at length, that he might gratify their Expectations, he left the Government in the Marquis of Clanrickard; a person, say they, faithful to his Majesty, and acceptable to the Nation. And now being loose from an ungrateful People, whom all his Condescensions, Travels and Sufferings made more Insolent, he at length reached France; where he had not been long, but he was summoned to an employment answerable to his Fidelity. The Duke of Gloucester being sent out of England, the Jesuits (who were ready to improve the sufferings of that poor Prince to the advantage of their own Interests) got him into their Clutches, which the King hearing of, immediately employs the Marquis of Ormond to recover him from their Insinuations and Allurements; the which he did with singular prudence and sincerity, though the Duke of Gloucester had before given such evidence of his satisfaction and proof of his Religion, that the Jesuits subtleties could work nothing on him, but a closer adherence to the true Faith; which (that this History may be more evident) I shall here insert what Monsieur De L' Angle (in his Letter, p. 30. touching the Religion of the King) hath evidenced to the World, from Monsieur Durel the Prince's Governor.  Voicy donc ce que j'ensçay. C'est que les Jesuittes entreprirent de porter cejeune Prince à la revolt, pour cela ils trouverent le moyen d'oster son Gouverneur d' auprés de luy. En suitte decoy ils liurerent divers assauts à sa Religion. On luy faisoit reluire mille belles esperances', on luy promettoit de luy faire pluvoir dans le sein les plus importantes dignitez Ecclesiastiques du Royaume, on l' asseuroit de l' Abaye de Saint Denys, & de l' Archevesché de Rheims, & d'un Chappeau de Cardinal. Bref ces Messieurs luy donnoient parole que l' on le rendroit si riche qu'il seroit assez puissant pour restablir le Roy son frere dans son thrône. Mais Dieu assista extraordinairement ce Prince, & pour l' opprobre de Christ, qu'il prist pour sa part, il méprisa genereusement ces Richesses d' Egypt. Surquoy les Jesuittes le transporterent de lieu en lieu, comme l' Esprit fit autrefois nostre Seigneur pour le tenter. Ils le menerent premierement à Pontoise, au Seminaire des Jesuittes, ou Dieu luy fit la grace de soustenir de grands combats, mais par la force de son esprit dont il accompagna cét excellent Prince, qui en ce temps là n' avoit pas plus de dix ou douze ans, il resta victorieux de tous ses puissans ennemis, qui resolurent encor de changer de place & de revenir à Paris, faisan, comme Balaam qui miroit de tous costez le peuple de Dieu pour donner quelque prise à ses charms. Mais tout cela ne leur reussit point, par tout Dieu benit cet illustre Enfant, & Dieu luy donna cette sapience d'enhaut à laquelle le monde ne sçauroit resister. Et Dieu qui ne souffre point que les scions soient tentez par dessus leur force, le delivra de tentation. Car le Roy d' Angleterre qui apprist par son Gouverneur exilé l'estat de son frere; envoya promptement à son secours le Marquis d' Ormont qui le tira de ce mauvais pas par l' ordre de la Rein, qui eut la bonté de deferer à la volonté du Roy d' Angleterre son fils, & the fair remittre le Duc de Glocester entre les mains de ce Marquis, qui le ramena auprés de ce Roy, qui depuis ce temps là a veillé sur son éducation & l'affirmi en la cognoissance de la verité. 
1650. Vlike Burgh Marquis of Clanrickard, Earl of St. Albon, in December, (upon the departure of the Marquis of Ormond) was left Lord Deputy. He lived sometimes at Loghreough, sometimes at Port Tumney, and at Tirrillen, continuing (by virtue of his Commission) the Assembly at Loghreough, begun by the Marquis of Ormond, which (in respect of the three States, Lords, Bishops, and Commons, assembled in that Body) the Irish entitled a Parliament. He entered the 7. of March into Galloway with all the Nobility and Gentry in great splendour, much to the content of that ●●●●y; yet behaved himself with so even a temper, as the King's business was carried on, and the English every where countenanced: Till the Torrent proving too strong by the Parliaments Forces daily succeeding, he (on the best terms he could make) quitted all to their Mercy about the Year 1652. and returned for England, where not long after he died at London, and was buried at Summerhil by Tunbridge in Kent. The English Interest being now wholly under the Government of the Parliaments Forces (managed sometimes by Cromwell, sometimes by Ireton, then by Fleetwood, at last by Henry Cromwell) victoriously succeeding through the whole Nation, Victory (as the Lord Chancellor observes in his Speech in Parliament, Septemb. 13. 1660.) being entailed on the Army, which humanely speaking, could hardly fail of Conquest, etc. Whose Order and Discipline, whose sobriety and manners, whose courage and success hath made it famous and terrible over the whole World: In as much as some of the Rebels themselves (in their Queries to the Bishop of Limerick) say, that such a Winter success in War, by so inconsiderable a Party, against so considerable a Kingdom, was never read or heard of; considering especially, that to the support of the Irish Interests from▪ January 1649. to January 1650. there was raised 533564 l. 10 s. 11 d. besides Meal, Beefs, Wheat, Winter Quarter, King's Customs, Excise, and Enemies Estates, if we may credit the Relation of Mercurius Politicus. 
P. 347. Anno 1650.  So as the Confederacy of the Irish being thereupon broken, September 26. 1653. notwithstanding the Pope's Cement, there ensued thereupon a distribution of the Rebels Estates, which since (by a Supreme Power) is more orderly invested in the Possessors; and those (whose Loyalty valued not the Nuncio's Excommunication) have their Lands secured by the Act of Settlement. And what is more, their Names, their Honours, and Themselves perpetuated to Posterity, having eminently suffered for their adhering to the Authority of his Majesty, or his late Father of Blessed Memory, against the Nuncio and 
The Act of Settlement, fol. 124.  his Party.  
The Year before his Majesty's happy return into England, Interesses of all sorts bandying one against another, Ireland (amongst the rest) thought how best to secure its Stake. Upon which Sir Charles Coote Baronet, and other Officers of the Army in Ireland (much in Vouge with the People) set forth a Declaration at Dublin, February 16. 1659. taking notice how the Authority o● the Parliament in England was openly violated, and that it was but Reason to secure the Grand Interest, having been poured forth from Vessel to Vessel, etc. with much more to the same effect, worthy of a Record, in as much as not long after in a General Convention (not without the subtlety of some contrived to effect the King's Restauration) was summoned at Dublin, in which there was Orders taken for the satisfying the Soldiers, who had been long behind in their Pay, and the effecting of other things conducible to the Grand Design. And now having notice of the King's Letter from Breda, they (accounting themselves not less concerned than others) laid hold on his Clemency in this Declaration.  

A Declaration of the General Convention of Ireland.  
ALthough the Deluge of Blood spilt in these his Majesty's Kingdoms of England, Ireland, and Scotland, might by the cry thereof awaken us; and the observation how God hath from time to time blasted all the attempts of rasing our ancient Foundations, speaks plainly unto all, that we must return to, and repose in the proper Centre of that Government under which these Kingdoms for many hundreds of years flourished: Yet we cannot but acknowledge, and we do hereby Declare, That we receive additional encouragement to hope and endeavour for his Majesty's return and resettlement, (the only basis to support our Liberties and Freedom) from perusal of his Majesties late gracious Declaration dated at his Court at Breda the 4/14 day of April in the twelfth Year of his Reign, directed to all his loving Subjects, under which title we are comprehended, which we justly esteem our glory and happiness.  
And we cannot pass by our acknowledgement of the undeserved Mercies of our God, who by inclining his Majesty's heart to the entertaining of the thoughts of Clemency, Justice, and Peace; and by bowing the hearts of all his Majesty's faithful Subjects in these three Kingdoms, to embrace resolutions of duty and loyalty due to his sacred Person; hath in a great part removed those obstructions which to humane appearance seemed insuperable by Treasure and Blood, without the expense of the one, or effusion of the other.  
And we do hereby declare our humble, hearty and joyful sense of those gracious offers held forth by his Majesty in his said Declaration, and confirmed by the word of a KING, which are like Apples of Gold in Pictures of Silver, and the lively expressions of an indulgent King, that prevents the desires of his People by free Concessions.  
And we further declare, That with all submissive thankfulness we receive, and do lay hold of those condescensions of favour and grace, as the fittest expedients to cement the divided Interests in these three Kingdoms; for which we shall always pay a constant Tribute of Duty and Loyalty to his Majesty, as the undoubted▪ Heir of these three Kingdoms, and our just and lawful Sovereign, so that as we may with full satisfaction say we live under the best of Kings: ●● his Majesty may be pleased to repute us amongst the best of Subjects.  
God save the KING.  
Dated the 14 of May, 1660.   

May 14. 1660.  
ORdered by the General Convention of Ireland, That this Declaration be forthwith Printed and Published.  
Ma. Barry Clerk of the General Convention of Ireland.   

Dublin, Printed by William Bladen, by special Order, Anno Dom. 1660.   
The Convention (which in all things had manifested its Loyalty, and the first fruits of obedience) continued after the Kings Return with his permission; having expressed their Loyalty to Him, his Royal Highness, and the Duke of Gloucester, in a sum considerable for that poor Nation. And, on the promise of a Parliament, dissolved.   

Sub CAROLO II.  
His Majesty was no sooner settled in his Throne, but he reflected on the miserable and languishing State of Ireland, whose Harp had long hung on the Willows solitary and unstrung; and thereupon named some to whom the Affairs of Ireland were particularly addressed, yet till that he had pitched on such as he thought fittest for the continuance in that Government, I find by a Proclamation dated at Dublin Sept. 24. 1660. Sir Charles Coote Knight Baronet, and Major▪ William Bury, styled Commissioners of Government and Management of Affairs in Ireland; which I could not pass over, though these had not the Regalia signa puniendi, Sword and Mace committed to their trust; the first of that nature were  
1660. Sir Maurice Eustace, Lord Chancellor, Roger boil Earl of Orrerey, Baron Braughil Precedent of Munster, and Sir Charles Coote Earl of Montrath, Lords Justices; the Chancellor and Montrath were sworn Decemb. 31. Orrerey the 17 of January; before whom a Parliament was summoned the 8 of May 1661. of which Dr. Bramhal Lord Primate of Ardmagh was by the King's appointment made Speaker of the House of Lords, the Chancellor being then one of the Lords Justices substituted (with his Colleagues) to present the King's person in that Senate. Of whom Dr. Dud. Loftus in his Funeral Oration of this Bishop, p. 30. writes very worthily 
* Praeter quotidiana munia sua praestita perquam laudabiliter hisce Comitiis, habuit in eorundem auspiciis orationem gravibus verbis cultam, & sapientissimis sententiis politam, alias verò effudit Orationes Succulentas, etc. ut nemo fide prestantior, nemo certè in officio constantior atque perseverantior, etc. Ejusdemque Consilio, decretum est, unanimi consensu suffragante, omnia sua Membra, coenae salutaris Dominicae fieri participantia, sacra manu hujus Praesulis administrante. Which I the rather observe, it being (for what I ever heard) the first Order of that Nature, the Composition of the Lords House consisting most of Papists.  And Sir Audley Mervin his Majesty's Prime Sergeant at Law, was made Speaker of the House of Commons; which he discharged with equal Faith and Integrity.  
The House of Commons gave the Duke of Ormond 30000 l. as a Present from their House, without relation to any satisfaction which should be provided for him by his Majesty, or otherwise in recompense of his great losses and sufferings; such a value was placed on his Merits, such an estimate on his sufferings. And as soon as the King had declared at Court (viz. the 4 of November 1661.) that he had made the Duke of Ormond Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the Irish Committee of Parliament then attending the King, returned him solemn thanks for so excellent a Choice, and the Lords Justices and Council of Ireland, upon the notice thereof, published this Order.  

By the Lords Justices and Council. M●ur. Eustace Canc. Orrerey, Montrath  
WHereas his Majesty hath in his Highness' Wisdom adjudged it fit to declare our very good Lord his Grace the Duke of Ormond Lord Lieutenant of this Kingdom, who had the honour to be so eminently instrumental in laying such firm Foundations for the future strengthening of this Kingdom, the propagation of the Protestant Religion, and securing the English Interest therein: We therefore think fit, and so do Order, That the Major of the City of Dublin do take Order that there be this Evening such Public Demonstrations of Joy, upon so happy an occasion, in and throughout the▪ City and Suburbs, as well by the Militia of the City as otherwise, as may testify the joined and unanimous gladness of all men for that happy choice made by his Majesty, tending, by the blessing of God, in an high degree, to the honour and service of his Majesty, and to the happiness of this his Kingdom and People.  
Given at the Council Chamber in Dublin, Novemb. 20. 1661. 

Jam. Dublin  
H. Midensis  
W. Caulfield  
Jo. Bysse  
Jo. Temple  
Paul Davies  
Robert Forth  
Robert Meredith     
The Earl of Montrath dying the 18 of December 1661. of the Small Pox in Dublin, was privately buried in Christ Church the next night, but his Obsequies were there solemnly performed the 6 of February following in great State. After whose death  
1661. Sir Maurice Eustace Lord Chancellor, and Roger Earl of Orrerey, etc. January 14. were sworn Lords Justices at the Council Board. Sir Maurice Eustace died in Dublin the 22 of June, in the 71 year of his Age of a Palsy, 1665. and was buried at Castle Martin early the next morning; his Funeral was solemnised in St. Patrick's Church in Dublin that day three Weeks after he died.  
The most noble Prince James, Duke, Marquess, and Earl of Ormond, Earl of Ossory and Brecknock, Viscount ●hurles, Lord Baron of Arclo and Lanthony, Lord of the Regalities and Liberties of the County of Tiperary, Chancellor of the University of Dublin, Lord Lieutenant General and General Governor of his Majesty's Kingdom of Ireland, one of the Lords of his Majesty's most honourable Privy Council of his Majesty's Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Lord Steward of his Majesty's Household, Lord Lieutenant of the County of Somerset, Gentleman of his Majesty's Bedchamber, and Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter. MDCLXII.  
1662. James Duke of Ormond, etc. who had (as the Act for the Settlement of the Kingdom of Ireland saith, fol. 99) upon the most abstracted considerations of Honour and Conscience, faithfully adhered to his Majesty, and to the Crown of England, without any regard to his own Estate or Fortune, was the 28 of July sworn in Cork-House Lord Lieutenant, and the 27 of September following, he gave the Royal Assent to several Acts of Parliament. At that time delivering himself in so significant a Speech as (besides those Elegances which beautified the Oration) he discovered, with singular humanity, how far men (further than their▪ first intention) may proceed to Villainies, Policy and Power (in conclusion) could not restrain. All delivered with that Vigour, that nothing could have made equal Impression, or indeed have been spoken, but from one that had lain in his Master's breast, known his thoughts, uttered his sense; which being registered amongst the Records of Parliament, is there to be sought for with Reverence.  
Then (as I have said) he passed many Acts of Parliament, amongst the rest, one for the Settlement of the Kingdom of Ireland was the chief; which afterwards (through the proceedings of the Commissioners authorized by Virtue of that Act to judge betwixt Party and Party) came again to be considered: In as much as Sir Audley Mervin (Speaker of the House of Commons) in his excellent Speech to his Grace the Duke of Ormond, February 13. 1662. styles it the Magna Charta Hiberniae; 
P. 3.  and in maintenance of the true sense thereof, presents an Instrument to his Grace, with Rules and Directions for the Commissioners proceedings thereupon, that discerning a Cloud (through the Interposition of some malevolent Planet) it might remain (whether pursued or no) as a Record of their endeavours, that the hard fate and ruin of an English Interest 
P. 1.  in Ireland, might not bear date under the best of Kings, under so vigilant a Lord Lieutenant, under the first, if not prevented, like to be the last Protestant Parliament there; which with fuller circumstances, were so lively presented by him, that with one Voice it was Ordered to be Printed, and so it was by William Bladen at Dublin, and reprinted at London by J. Streater soon after; which for its length I omit, though (as to the English Interest, the Adventurers security, and the Soldier's Arrears) nothing deserves more solemnly to be commended to Posterity. All afterwards duly considered of by his Grace the Duke of Ormond, who in the timely composure of this business, struggled under no mean or short Encumbrances, and so having laid the Storm (the better to reduce all Interests into a Settlement) he repaired into England, the 31 of May, 1663. And his Son  
1663. Thomas Earl of Ossory the same day was sworn Lord Deputy in the Council Chamber, the Sword (till then deposited in the Duke's Closet) being with usual Ceremonies committed to his Trust. And well it might, for never any (unless his Father) received it with more general applause, or bore it with a more equal and obliging temper. Since he hath (in several capacities at Sea) gallantly acted beyond the Fiction of a Romance.  
1665. In the beginning of September his Grace the Duke of Ormond landed at Waterford and came to Kilkenney, having the Sword delivered to him again upon his landing, the Earl of Ossory's Commission then being determined. And now his Excellency being returned (on whose Indulgence Father Walsh with his Party much relied) the Glozing Design of some Papists (to demonstrate their Allegiance to the King against all pretences of the Roman Court) daily gathered fire, in as much as the Irish Clergy (Archbishops, Bishops, etc. with two Divines of each Regular Order, to the number of 70) obtained the freedom to meet at Dublin in the Residence of the Parish Priest of St. Owen's Church the 11 of June 1666. in a National Synod, to sign the Remonstrance and Protestation subscribed and presented to his Majesty in January and February, 1661. by divers of the Nobility, Gentry, and Romish Clergy; the like whereof, nay 
Walsh Loyal Remonstrance fol. 674.  nor any way near it, had ever been permitted (saith my Author, others thought so too) since Queen Mary's Reign; that rational men expected (from so gracious a connivance) some notable and grateful Act would have proceeded; but in stead of such, first they clash amongst themselves, than the Primate coming in, bids the Bishop of Kilfinuragh their Speaker to quit the Chair; who refusing, the Primate with most of the Assembly depart the House; upon which the Remnant cry hard for a Dissolution. But Father Walshes Arguments (after some heats on all sides) prevailed to continue the Assembly, and the Primate returns thither of himself, the House declaring that the Chair was no Seat of Dignity, but of Ministry and Office. And so the Assembly proceeded, but with such animosities in their Debates, as the Result was wholly insignificant, granting little more (if any thing) than when their Confederates, in the late Rebellion, coined moneys, slew his Majesty's innocent naked Subjects, surprised his Castles, vilified his Governor, yet verbally professed Allegiance to the King: so as the 25 of June (the 15 day of their meeting) the National Synod was dissolved, his Grace signifying to them that he found no satisfaction in any of their Addresses. In all which Father Walsh is very particular in his History and Vindication of the Loyal Formulary. A Piece (bating his exuberances) worthy perusal; for which, and his integrity, he bears the Papal Frown; having manifested only that the Vicar of the Church hath no Sovereignty over Sovereign Princes in their own Dominions in Civil and Temporal Affairs. A Tenent so necessary, that the contrary in History is marked with a black Coal. Nor can it be otherwise, no Pope willingly allowing Subjects any other Obedience to their Prince, than what is in subordination to their See, upon which the greatest dissensions in the World have ensued; so that indeed to talk of Obedience in Civil and Temporal Affairs only, is in truth nothing; the Ecclesiastic Authority wiping off at pleasure the other Cobweb pretended Subjection.  
The 26 of October following his Grace's arrival at Kilkenny, the Parliament (which had been long put off by many necessary Prorogations) fell into consideration of the Explanatory Bill of Setlement, which took up much time, as it had long before exercised his Grace's Solicitations, Interest and Studies in England: At length it passed (though not without some doubts) by the Commons in Parliament; which his Grace, with the advice of the Council the 15 of December, 1665.) having 
The State of which business was Printed at Dublin, with his Grace's Speech, and the House of Commons Considerations on the Bill of Settlement, by John Crook, 1665.  satisfied, he passed into an Act; which I am the willinger to mention, that what Niceties soever one may raise thence, the Faith of this Illustrious person, given in its defence, may bear up its honour and validity; though some thought (notwithstanding the utmost extent of the Investing Clause) the whole was short of what might be expected for Money 
See the State of the Adventurers Case, fol. 7.  so long subscribed; the charge the Soldiers and Adventurers had been at for surveying, maintaining, and defending their Lots, the passing of Patents, and the great Rents payable thence; which considering the State of Affairs, could hardly be avoided: As it may well be concluded by this, that after five years' pains taken by the King, by his Councils, and by his two Houses of Parliament, the State was got no farther than into the Prospect of a Settlement.  
All which and more you will find in his Grace's Speech to both Houses of Parliament, at his giving the Royal Assent to the Grand Act of Settlement, 1665. to which I must refer you, as being the support of his Grace's confidence in the Settlement; and may well be others, whoever is most concerned in the Adventure.  
At his Return for England (near three years after) he was chosen Chancellor of Oxford, on Dr. Sheldon Lord Archbishop of canterbury's rie's Resignation, August 4. 1669. as one best able to protect that place, and the Theatrum Sheldonianum, a Piece (if not exceeding) emulating the stateliest Monuments of Antiquity; yet he was not sworn till August the 26. at Worcester-House London, in a Convocation there held by Dr. Fell Vice Chancellor; a most obliging and vigilant Governor, and others of the University in their Formalities 
* At which Solemnity there was also present his Grace of canterbury, the Bishops of London, Worcester, Oxford, and Rochester, the Earls of Bedford, Aylsbury, Dumferlin, and Carlingford, with innumerable other persons of Quality, whom (after the Convocation was ended) he there entertained at a most sumptuous Banquet, with a Mind more obliging.   
1668. April the 25. the Earl of Ossory was again sworn Lord Deputy in the absence of the Duke his Father, who embarked the day before for England, he (having passed over his Government with general satisfaction) resigned.  
The right Honourable John Lord Roberts of Tr●ro, Lord Privy Seal, Lord Lieutenant General and General Governor of his Majesty's Kingdom of Ireland, one of the Lords of his Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, Anno Domini, MDCLXIX.  
1669. To John Lord Roberts, Baron of Thruro, Lord Privy Seal, the 18 of September, who landed at Houth, and was that day honourably conducted to Dublin, and sworn at the Council Board Lord Lieutenant: who (on the access of the Lord Barkley to the Government) gave up his Power with this short Speech,  

My Lord,  
I will not detain you long from the great Charge now placed upon you, Action is the life of all Government. I have no more to say. But I received this Sword in Peace, and will deliver it so to your Excellency.   
For whom I have seen this Inscription, written by one who knows as well what Men are, as the Language (wherein he is excellent) to express them in:  Hic jacet aut habitat Recti Pertinax. 
Honoratissimus Dominus Dominus Johannes Barkley, Baro de Stratton, Locum Tenens & Gubernator Generalis Hiberniae, necnon Serenissimo Principi CAROLO Secundo, Angliae, Scotiae, Franciae, & Hiberniae Regi, Fidei Defensori, etc. tam Anglia quam Hibernia e Consiliis Secretioribus.  
1670. May the 21. John Lord Barkley, Baron of Stratton, landed privately at Rings End by Dublin (scarce then expected) and was that day sworn Lord Lieutenant at the Council Board. Who going for England  
1671. June the 12. Dr. Richard boil Archbishop of Dublin, and Lord Chancellor, and Sir Arthur Forbes Baronet, a Member of the Privy Council, and Captain of a Troop of Horse, were sworn Lords Justices: Archbishop boil was one of the 
* Quot haec aetas nec retrò omnia secula uno tempore & loco, vix unquam▪ viderunt consecratos, quae quidem Consecratio ita secundùm sacri officii●a ex parte formam & ritus Ecclesiae ex Canonibus requisitos, erat celebrata, ut Nihil pro Rei tam Sacrae Solemnitate, & venustate de●●deraretur. Dud. Loft. Orat. Fun. in Episc. Armac. p. 26.  twelve Bishops consecrated in St. Patrick's Church in Dublin, the 27. of January 1660. in that solemn Order as (since the Reformation) the like hath not been observed with so much Formality and State, a Procession yet not so solemn as amazing. To the Euge of which was that ingenious and celebrated Anthem designed, entitled, Quam de●●o exaltavit Dominus Coronam, Composed by the then Dean of S. Patrick's Dr. William Fuller, since Bishop of Limerick, now of Lincoln; and (that no question might be raised as to the Legitimacy of this Ordination) some (who in the late Wars moved excentrical to their Functions) were not admitted to lay on their hands, though the eminency of their Parts, and the strictness of their lives are exemplary. The Justices  
1671. The 23 of September, delivered up their Power to John Lord Barkly Lord Lieutenant, then returned out of England; who with much tranquillity continued his Government, till that  
His Excellency Arthur Earl of Essex, Viscount Maldon, Baron Capel of Hadham, Lord Lieutenant of the Counties of Hertford and Wilts, one of his Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, Lord Lieutenant General and General Governor to his most excellent Majesty King CHARLES the Second of his Kingdom of Ireland, in the 24 year o● his Reign, MDCLXXII.  
1672. August the 5. Arthur Lord Capel Earl of Essex (Son of Arthur Lord Capel the Victim) arrived at Dunlary near Dublin, and that afternoon was sworn (at the Council Board) Lord Lieutetenant. A person so acceptable to the Nation, as Obedience is their Sacrifice, and Honour his Rule.   
FINIS.