THE MARROW OF PHYSIC.  
Or a Learned Discourse of the several parts of Man's Body.  
BEING A MEDICAMENTARY Teaching the manner and way of making and compounding all such Oils, Unguents, Syrups, Cataplasms, Waters, Powders, Emplasters, Pills, etc. as shall be useful and necessary in any private House, with little labour, small cost, and in short time.  
And also an Addition of divers experimented Medicines, which may serve against any disease that shall happen to the Body.  
Together with some rare Receipts for Beauties, and the newest and best way of Preserving and Conserving: with divers other secrets never before published.  
Collected and experimented by the industry of T. B. Gent. Practitioner in Physic and Chirurgery.  
LONDON, Printed by T. H. and M. H. and are to be sold by Thomas Whittaker, at the King's Arms in Paul's Churchyard. M.DC.XLVIII.   

To the Honourable and singularly virtuous, M ris. MARGARET EURE, The Author consecrateth these his Labours.  
Honourable Mistress:  
IT hath ever been a custom in dedicating labours to great Personages, to present such matter as may seem (as it were) in affinity with the mind to whom it is offered, fitting it as Comic Poets do their interludes, to make them be plausibly heard of the whole auditory, and herein have I strove to shape my subject to the affection of so Honourable a Patroness, as yourself, to whom I dedicate this rude piece; which I could have wished might have been undertaken by a more able workman, that our nation might not be deprived of that commodity, which other country's surfeit of; and I was the more encouraged in this resolve, that I might show my gratitude to yourself, whose many favours (though I come far short of deserving) yet I have always been ambitious, in endeavouring to express an acknowledgement. And though I cannot come in so full a current as my desires would offer, yet such as my murmuring streams produce, I here present; resolving to expose this infant to the light of your judgement to be tried; & not hold him for legitimate till you approve him. Vouchsafe therefore to shroud under your protection this unpolished work, which I offer not as a present whereby I pretend to oblige you, but as a homage I own you, whereby to acquit myself of the first act of veneration; as for me I find in your favour all I seek for; and having you on my side, I care not what malicious envy can do; having once your testimony, I can easily slight her calumnies; and though all her tongues were joined together, yet can she say nothing against me, having your Honourable approbation: to whom I protest so much respect, as that I may say without flattery, (compliments being below the dignity of your stile) that you want much of that I wish you, if you want any thing of absolute felicity. And therefore the marks I herein chiefly aimed at, was not any vain hope of praise to myself (which how little I hereby deserve I am not so weak but to perceive) but to leave a testimony to my Country how much I desire her benefit, and to yourself how much I am bound to remain  
Mistress Yours in all dutiful observance, THO. BRUGIS.   

THE Preface to the Reader.  
Gentle Reader,  
THE chiefest thing that induced me to publish these collections, was (besides the earnest entreaty of divers intimate friends) a principal aim at my country's good: and these I have the rather adventured to divulge, because there are contained many receipts by me daily practised (and therefore need no Probatum to be annexed) with divers varieties not published by any heretofore, which I hope will be to the great benefit, of all such as shall have occasion to practise any thing heerin contained; where I strive not to set forth an eloquent and lofty stile (as if it were some fancy delighting history) but a plain way to help ●he poorer sort; Seeing therefore that I here produce a thing serious, and for the general good; I hope the Readers hereof will vouchsafe me such countenance, as is usual in serious weights, and most necessary occasions: some men perhaps will think that nothing good or secret will be put in Print, because these kind of books are very difficult to be published in English; others again knowing such things, would be loath to publish them and make the secrets of their science common, but I am rather of the Grecians minds, who once a year writ in the Temple of Aesculapius all the cures they had performed, and by what remedies; and I think with Aristotle, that a good thing is the better, the more common it is; and as Cicero saith we are not borne to ourselves, nor should we have regard to our own particular profit, in keeping the secrets of Physic so close; for a great number of people perish for want of means to procure the advice of a Physician; when perhaps with a little instructions, they might have cured themselves; but we are to consider the general good, and commodity of our country, and commonwealth; for in Italy, France, and other countries, scarce any Physician but hath published some book in his mother tongue, and rather than in any other language.  
In this book I have for thy better instruction, first collected a short introduction to lead thee into the method, & course that thou oughtest to observe; next I have showed the manner of making and compounding all such medicaments (as will be useful in a private house) with the nature and virtue of every receipt, which those that have formerly published some of these have failed to do: here also are inserted divers secrets for Beauties, such as have never before been published; next I have added a brief way of conserving, and preserving, which by the Grace of God, I shall enlarge in the next impression: and lastly I have added all such medicines, as cannot be justly brought into the number of oils, Unguents, Plasters, Poultices, Waters, Powders, etc. And that I call a Miscellanea or Hotchpotch; neither needest thou to marvel, because I have been more curious in prescribing the sundry curations of diseases, then in unfolding the nature of them: for if my book come amongst the illiterate, let me make it the best ways that can be devised, yet it will not suffice; and the learned will not be content were it never so big: therefore I strive by diversity of medicines to fit every complexion, and make every man cunning in his own constitution, and to know so much as will cure many ordinary and common diseases, which often fasten upon the ignorant, and to chase away a malady that hath caught hold on their bodies; for a Physician is not always at hand, nor Apothecary ever to be had, whereby many have perished; but a little knowledge may prevail in the beginning of an infirmity; as for su●h things as are very chargeable to be made unless a great quantity be compounded, I think it will be better to store thyself at the Apothecaries.  
I w●ll not stand to amplify myself because all that I seek in this book is to eschew prolixity; and because heerin I would not willingly exceed the bounds of a preface making the porch bigger than the house; the world daily produceth a sort of critics, that rather will carp at a fault, then amend it, and regard more the letter then the Authors intent; which indeed were lets sufficient to have stayed me from publishing any thing, had not the reasons aforesaid mightily importuned me hereto: for he that sets forth any thing to the world must frame and fashion it just as Solon did his laws; frame them rather to the content, and willing observation of the vulgar, then to the rule of equity; and more to satisfy the opinions, and fantasies of men, then to serve the time.  
For my own part I have not hereby sought any vain glory, and praise, by showing the manner of compounding, and the nature of medicines, which I have done more faithfully, and more amply, then ever any hath done heretofore in English; and this is comfort sufficient to me, though the world yield me not their approbation, that I have done something whereby others may reap profit. And if my book chance to come under the censure of the learned, all I demand is, that if they cannot afford it their good wills and words, let them in like manner adventure themselves to be judged by others as I have here done: and thus Reader I end, only craving thy favourable acceptation: which will encourage me, if not to hazard the like again, yet at least to amplify and enlarge the next impression hereof; and also to consecrate all my studies only to thy commodity.  
T. B.   

A Catalogue of such Authors, whose help I have used in this work.  

Albertus' magnus.  
Aristoteles.  
Arnoldus de villa nova▪  
Avicen.  
Aelius.  
Bartholomeus.  
Banister.  
Baptista porta.  
Bodinus.  
Bayrus.  
Cardanus.  
Co Celsus  
Clemens Alexandrinus.  
Cornelius Agrippa.  
Dodoneus.  
Fallopius.  
Fernelius.  
Fuchius.  
Galenus.  
Guydo.  
Hypocrates.  
jesus filius Hall.  
joel.  
johannis Lebot.  
johannitius.  
johannis Vigo.  
Mesue.  
Parreus.  
Paracelsus.  
Petrus Low.  
Philip Barrow.  
Ptolomeus.  
Rasis.  
Reolanus.  
Trallianus.  
Weckerus.   
And divers old Manuscripts, both Greek, Latin, and English, of sundry approved Authors, for judgement and Practice.   

Hunc Librum perlegi, in quo nihil invenio Med. Arti contrarium.  
JOHANNES FRIAR.   

19 May 1640.  
Imprimatur.  
IO: HANSLEY.   

The Marrow of Physic.  
THE most glorious and great Workman, who excels all Wisdom, and is beyond all understanding, the most potent, wise, and merciful Father, who is the uniter of all creatures, and by whom they have their being, who is the most potent and most excellent, being before all things, and having no need of any thing, but being sufficient in himself, and remaining in the most unsearchable closet of his Divinity, and out of his abundant goodness willing to bring forth things thought and determined on from all Eternity, did in the beginning create a certain essence of things, being, as it were, scarce fashioned into any shape, which by some is called the fountain or head from whence all other things flowed; by others, an empty plot of earth, producing nothing at all; by others, a Chaos; by some the mother of the world, the foundation of nature; but certainly the first he created was four Simples, which are the four Elements of one and the same essence or matter, but of divers forms or qualities; and these, as I will show hereafter more at large, are called Fire, Water, Earth, and Air; and out of these he created all the rest that now are, both the things that are above, and also those beneath us: and that for this reason, because the creatures intended to be made; might be extracted from a certain root, whereby they might multiply and increase in the world. Therefore first of all God created the four elements, out of which he afterwards created what he pleased: to wit, divers natures as the elements are divers: for if the elements had been made all of one nature, than had all creatures been so likewise. Now of this first matter he created the Angels, which he made only of Fire, not of firm substantial fire, for than it must have been necessary that they had eaten, drank, and slept; but he made them of the most purest and thinnest part of pure, thin, and simple fire: and therefore they neither eat, drink, nor sleep. God created the Sun, Moon, and Stars of two elements, Air, and Fire: and therefore are the Angels more bright, then either the Sun, Moon, or Stars, because they are created of one and that the most rare element; the other of Fire and Aire compounded.  
God made the Heaven of Water and Aire, so it is compounded of one rare or light element, that is Aire, and of another heavy, that is Water: but he created the Fowls and brute Beasts of three elements, and also the Vegetables, that is to say, of Air, Water, and Earth: certain are of the Earth and Aire; others of Fire, Aire, and Earth; of the last are the Fowls, and all things wherein remaineth a spirit; of the first are the vegetables, but all bruit Beasts are of Earth, Aire and Fire, but the Vegetables of Earth, Water, and Air, and they likewise partake of a kind of thin Fire, brought in with the Air; and therefore when we say that Fire is in the Vegetables, we mean that thin fire that being in the air is carried by it and with it into them.  
God made Man of the four elements, as the most excellent piece of all his workmanship: he made him according to his own image naturally, according to his similitude spiritually; and from hence the Ancients gathered, that there were four worlds: the first whereof was ultra mundanum, which the Divines call Angelical, and the Philosophers Intellectual: The next was, the Celestial: The third, the Sublunar, which we inhabit: The last was Man, in whom all the rest were found: whereto the Schoolmen alluding, call Man the Microcosmos, or lesser World, in whom there is a mixture of the four elements; a spirit celestial, a vegetable soul, and the sense and reason of brute beasts, an angelical mind, and finally the whole similitude of God. Now as God hath made Man in this excellency, so he hath subjected all these things under him, and so fitted them to his use, that there is no disease can happen to our bodies, whereto the earth brings not forth a convenient medicine; and from hence sprung the original of Physic, whereof divers have attained to such excellency, as that they have been worshipped for Gods: therefore for the further instructing of those that shall practise any of these my experiments, I have thought it convenient to publish such notes as I have in my Studies gathered from the best Authors that have written concerning the laudable Science of Physic, and the Practice thereof, which shall serve as a compendious Introduction to my Book.  
Physic defined. Hypocrates called physic an addition, and a substraction: an addition of things necessary, and a substraction or taking away of the superfluous. Wherein he includes two principal offices of a Physician, for a disease proceeds either from too much emptiness, or from too much fullness. The first whereof is cured by adding what is wanting, end the latter by taking away that which exceeds.  
Galen calls physicke a science of the healthful, unhealthful, and neuters, which are neither well, nor can properly be said to be sick: and this is made good three ways; as the body, as the cause, and as the sign; that body is counted healthful that enjoys his perfect health, that cause is healthful that procures health and is the means of preserving it. The healthful sign doth show or indicate the present health; the unhealthful body is affected with a disease, which is generated by an unhealthful cause, and the manner and greatness of the grief is shown by the unhealthful sign: a body is said to be neither healthful nor sick, when it is as it were declining and cannot be said to be perfectly well, nor altogether sick.  
But the more vulgar and common definition of physic is this; Physic is an art which preserves health in the sound, and restores it to the sick, and preserves the neuters that are neither well nor sick; and from hence it is said to be an art of things natural; not natural, and against nature, the former were according to the theory, these are according to the practic.  
Things natural do agree with our nature, and are those things whereof our body is compacted and made, and are in number seven, viz. Elements, Temperaments, Humours, Members, Faculties, Operations, and Spirits. Things not natural are those mean and indifferent things whereby the body is preserved in health, and are six in number: Aire, Meat and Drink, Sleep and Watching, Labour and Rest, Fullness and Emptiness, or repletion and inanition, and perturbations of the mind. Things against nature are those that do destroy our health, and are of three sorts: A Disease, the cause of a Disease, and a Symptom. Hereby you may understand the two parts, of Physic; Theoric, and Practic; and by the Theoric know every disease and the quality thereof; and by the Practic to preserve health and cure a disease, by the due administration of things not natural, and by removing of those that are against nature.  
Things natural, and which properly belong to the constitution of our body are (as I said before) in number seven: 

Elements.  
Temperaments.  
Humours.  
Members.  
Faculties.  
Actions.  
Spirits.   whereto are annexed. 

Sex.  
Colour.  
Composure:  
Time or season.  
Region.  
Vocation of life.    

CHAPTER I. Of Elements.  
An Element what it is. AN Element is the most least, and simple portion whereof any thing is made, and in the destruction thereof is lastly resolved; which to say plainly, the four first and simple bodies which accommodate and subject themselves to the generation of all manner of things, be the mixture perfect or imperfect. Thus Aristotle called the Heaven an Element, counting five parts of the world, Heaven, Fire, Aire, Water, and Earth. Of Elements we reckon four, whereof two are gross and heavy, and move downwards, as Earth and Water; and two are light, and strive upwards, as Fire and Aire. Earth is a simple body whose natural place is the centre of the universe, in which it naturally remains solid, and still round as an apple, in the middle whereof (as the ancient Philosopher writes) is the pit of hell, like as the black kernels lieth in the midst of the apple, and at the day of doom when all things shall be renewed, then shall this Element be made a thousand fold more transparent and brighter than the Crystal or any precious Stone, that they that are in the bitter pains of hell (to their increase of torment) shall through it behold the blissful joys of heaven, which will be more pain to them then all the torments of hell. Earth is of nature cold and dry.  
Water is also a simple body whose natural place is to compass the earth; it is light in respect of the earth, but heavy in respect of the fire and air: therefore Reolanus saith, that the earth holds the lowest part, because of its heaviness, and the fire because it is absolutely light, hath the highest place: the air and water because they are, as it were, equally heavy or light, have the middle place: water being heavier than the air, lighter than the earth: the nature of water is cold and moist.  
Aire is a simple body, whose natural place is above the Water, and under the Fire, and is by nature hot and moist.  
Fire is also a simple body, whose natural place is above all the elementary parts, because it is a hollow superficies of the Heavens, and by its absolute lightness, striveth upward even to Heaven▪ its nature is hot & dry; these are so contrary in nature, that they cannot be joined without a mean, which is a temperament which falls out next to be treated of.   

CHAP. II.  

Of Temperaments.  
What is a Temperament. A Temperament therefore is a concord or mixture of the former disagreeing elements or a mixture of hot, cold, moist, and dry.  
Of these temperaments which are in number nine, eight are called distemperate, and one temperate.  
The temperate is also divided either to temperature of weight or temperature of justice, but we call it not a temperature to weight wherein the elements are mingled by a like heap or weight, but where it is tightly made temperate by the equal mixture of the four first qualities, wherein no quality exceeds, but wherein all equality is included, and that as if it were put in a balance it draws down neither to this nor that part.  
Secundum justitiam. A temperament to justice is that which is conveniently temperate to the use that nature hath appointed and destinated it, therefore all those things that have taken from nature a mixture of the elements (though unequal, yet agreeable to motion and use) are called temperaments secundum justitiam, as if we see any living creature that performs the functions of nature aptly and as is aught to do, we say he hath a temperament secundum justitiam, according to justice.  
The distemperate temperament is double, simple and compound; the simple wherein one only quality exceeds the other two contemperate, as hot, cold, moist, dry, hot in which the heat hath the dominion over the cold (the moist and dry, being temperate) cold, in which the cold excels the heat (the other two being temperate.)  
The compound in which two qualities exceed, and this is hot, and moist, or hot and dry, cold and moist or cold and dry; for the first qualities may be joined within themselves six manner of ways, but heat cannot be joined with cold, nor moisture with dryness, because they are in themselves contrary, neither can they remain together in one subject.  
Hear may be added the temperatures of the seasons of the year, which are four; Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter, and are in nature hot, cold, moist, and dry.  
Spring. The Spring is the most temperate, as being neither too cold and moist, as the Winter, nor too hot and dry, as the Summer: from hence Hypocrates calls the Spring the most healthfullest time of the year, and less subject to dangerous diseases, than any other season; for it never breeds any disease, but only produces such as have been breeding in the body all the Winter precedent.  
Summer. Summer is hot and dry, and a breeder of choleric diseases, which proceed from too much blood, generated in the Spring, and now become adust, and these diseases are for the most part speedy in running their course.  
Autumn. The Autumn is very unequal, for when it is dry it hath great inequality of heat and cold; the mornings and evenings being very cold, and the noondays exceeding hot, whereby many long and dangerous diseases are engendered.  
Winter. The Winter is cold and moist of temper; it excites natural heat and appetite, and augments phlegm. After this manner are we to consider the ages of man which are agreeable to the four quarters of the year.   

Of Ages.  
What an age is. AN Age is the space of life, in which the constitution of our bodies of its self doth increase, stand, decrease, and utterly decline, whose whole course hath five ages or special mutations. The first whereof is Infancy. Infancy, which is hot and moist, and lasteth from the first hour of the birth until the eighteenth year of age, and is governed by the Moon; and this the age wherein the body by reason of the moisture continually groweth and increaseth, and is subject to Fevers, Fluxes, Worms in the belly, Stone, Aposthumes, and divers other diseases.  
Youth. Youth is temperate, in which there is augmentation neither of heat, dryness nor cold: in this age the voice beginneth to grow great in men, and the paps increase in women, and this lasteth until the five and twentieth year.  
Man's esate. The next is man's estate, which is hot and dry, in which moisture cannot be said to augment nor diminish, but the body remains according to the course of nature: it lasteth not above the thirty fifth or fortieth year, this age is subject to hot agues, fevers, frenzies, and sundry other maladies, it is governed by Venus, and is named by Avicen, the beautiful age.  
The fourth is the decreasing or declining age, which Parte of old age. 1 is by some divided into three, but (by most of our latest writers) only into two; the first whereof is to the forty ninth or fiftieth year, and is cold and dry, in which the moistture is diminished without any manifest debility of the strength, so that they are able to undergo divers affairs, and are prudent, wise, and fit to govern commonwelths, for this age is governed by jupiter.  
Parte of old age. 2 The second part of old age, and which stands for the fift part is called, the decrepit age; & is cold and dry, because the humidum radical, the radical moisture is decayed: it is governed by Saturn and is subject to Epilepsy, lethargy, numbness and the like: this age hath no distinct period, but ends years and life together, and is called the end of age and life, wherein the memory and senses decay, the judgement faileth, and they are as it were infants again.  
But we cannot measure these ages by certain proportion of years, because divers seem older at forty, than others at threescore or threescore and ten.  
And now because these ages are governed and altered by the influence of the planets, therefore I will briefly show you the natures of them, and first the natures of the twelve signs, of the Zodiac, whereby man's body is governed, and with whom the 7 planets work by influence.  
There are four triplicities of signs, three of the water Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces; three of the earth, Taurus, Capricorn, Virgo; three of the fire, as Aries, Leo Sagittarius; and three of the air, as Gemini, Libra, Aquarius; to these are agreeable the seven planets in their qualities and working, in the several ages of man's life: jupiter and Venus are good planets: Saturn and Mars evil: Sol and Luna indifferent: Mercury is good with the good, and evil with the evil: and these seven superior planets do work by influence with the seven celestial signs in the bodies of all living creatures, and are agreeable with the four elements, and the four parts of the world, as before I shown you, which for the better understanding I will thus divide: 

Cancer are of the nature of water  
Scorpio are of the nature of water  
Pisces are of the nature of water  
Gemini are of the nature of the air  
Libra are of the nature of the air  
Aquarius are of the nature of the air  
Aries are of the nature of fire.  
Leo are of the nature of fire.  
Sagittarius are of the nature of fire.  
Taurus are of the nature of the earth.  
Capricornus are of the nature of the earth.  
Virgo are of the nature of the earth.    
And these twelve signs are again divided into three quaternions, or three fours of different quality, in this sort and diversity of nature: viz. four are movable, four are fixed, and four are called common signs.  

Aries are movable  
Cancer are movable  
Libra are movable  
Capricorn are movable  
Taurus are fixed  
Leo are fixed  
Scorpio are fixed  
Aquarius are fixed  
Gemini are common signs.  
Virgo are common signs.  
Sagittarius are common signs.  
Pisces. are common signs.   
Some of these are Oriental of the East, and some are Occidental of the West, some are Meridional of the South, and some are Septentrional of the North.  
These twelve signs are also agreeable to the four cardinal winds, and some are of the day, and some of East South West North Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagitt. Capricor. Aquarius Pisces Fiery. Earthly. Airy. Watery. the night, & some are masculine, and some are feminine.  
But note, that these are not proper beasts, as they are named, but named and likened to such beasts, by way of Philosophy, for they are only the twelve parts of the firmament, of which each part hath a certain number of Stars assigned, and are called the proper houses of the seven Planets, in which they rest and abide a certain time. The three quaternions of the twelve signs do govern in divers parts of our bodies, whereof four there be that rule the inward parts, called spiritual members. viz.  
Cancer Rule these parts in a man's body. viz. The Liver and Lungs. Leo The Heartstrings and Back. Virgo The Stomach, and the mou●h of the Stomach, Midriff and Bowels. Libra The Loins and Navel.  
And of these are engendered these several diseases. viz. 

Cancer.  
Leo.  
Virgo.  
Libra.   causeth the Cough, Phthisic, and Pleurisy, Imposthumes, jaundice, Fevers, & Pestilence, Swelling of the Belly, Dropsy, Hardness of the Belly & Colic Passion, Exulceration of the Bowels, Pain in the Belly, and about the Small of the back.  
And these evil affects are chief engendered when the signs aforesaid are in the houses that are evil; as the sixth house, the eight house, and the twelfe house from the ascendant.  
A Planet is a Star which is discording or differing from the lesser Stars in forming and working, for they are greater, and of more power than those that are less.  
The Moon is said much to alter the constitution of our bodies by those signs wherein she enters; therefore I shall first declare unto you the twelve signs, and the parts they govern, and consequently the diseases caused by the influence of the Moon in every one of those signs.  
First, Aries hath his place in the head, face, ears; and the diseases are headache, toothache, pain in the eyes, pimples, morphew, scurf in the face, and such like.  
Taurus governeth the neck and throat; and the diseases are the Kings-evil, hoarseness in the throat, weakness in the neck, and black chollar or melancholy, squinances, catarrhs, and other diseases of the neck throat.  
Gemini ruleth the shoulders, arms, hands, and fingers, and their diseases proceeding of blood in the said parts; as frankles and such like, and some coming of phlegm.  
Cancer hath dominion in the paps, breast, ribs, the upper part of the belly, part of the stomach, the spleen and lungs; it ruleth over phlegmatic humours, and denoteth impediments in the eyes, darkness in the sight, spots and pustles in the face, the scab, leprosy, lithargy, galling of the skin, and evil sicknesses of the body and face coming of phlegm.  
Leo governeth the heart, nether part of the stomach, and ribs, backbone, sides, small guts, and the liver, and the sickness proceeding from chollar citrine, and others as trembling of the heart, swooning, etc.  
Virgo ruleth the belly, entrails, midriff, and over melancholy, and signifieth all ill humours, proceeding of melancholy, as Iliacopassio, collica passio and the like.  
Libra hath dominion in the reins, and loins, nether part of the belly, navel, haunches, and buttocks, and over blood, and specifieth dimness of sight, retention of Urine, and of digestion of fluxes, and the like.  
Scorpio ruleth the secret parts, the bladder, and parts of generation, and the flanks, and over phlegmatic humours, and aquosities, and showeth lepry, scabs, spots in the face, cankers, fistulas, hemorhoids, the stone, falling of the hair, scurfes, and deformed diseases in the face, and all the body poisoned by medicine.  
Sagittarius hath his dominion in the thighs, with the apurtenances, and all superfluous parts, as a sixth part of the fingers, etc. and over choler, and the diseases proceeding thereof, as Fevers, Agues, falls from high places, darkness or impediments of theeyes, and from the sixteenth degree to the eighteenth, he signifieth hurts by horses, and wounds.  
Capricorn governeth the knees and their diseases, leprosy, scabs, galls, defects of the skin, loss of hearing, speech, and sight, fevers, issues of blood in the inferior parts, and fluxes also, and diseases coming of melancholy.  
Aqaurius ruleth the legs and their diseases proceeding of blood, black jaundice, quartain fevers, incision of the veins; and from the twentieth degree to the five and twentieth, it noteth pains in the eyes.  
Pisces hath dominion in the feet, and over their diseases, as the gout, scab, leprosy, palsy, pain in the feet, galls in the skin, and ulcers, and is a sign very sickly and phlegmatic. These are the proper significations of the signs by themselves, or when the Moon is in them passing through all the parts of man's body; yet notwithstanding the Moon and other Planets have divers and several significations in all the signs particularly appropriative to themselves, very necessary to be observed, having special relation to the part of the body diseased and grieved, as may appear by what is said; whereby it is thought very evil to administer any medicine to the part which is governed of any sign, the day that the Moon is in it, except necessity urge; nor to make any incision in any member, lest efflux of blood follow, and divers other inconveniences.  
The Ancients also considered the twelve months of the year, with the twelve signs, in which they are said to work according to their nature, one with another; but each one hath his several month wherein he properly reigns.  
Aries. ♈. And first reigns Aries in the month of March, for in that sign (say they) God made the world, and to this sign the old jewish Philosophers gave the name of Aries: that is to say, a Ram; forasmuch as Abraham made his offering to God of a Ram, for his son Isaac; and whosoever is borne in this sign shall be timorous or dreadful; but he shall have grace and good inclination.  
Taurus. ♉. The second sign Taurus, reigneth in April, it hath the name of Bull; forasmuch as jacob wrestled and striven with the Angel: Whosoever is borne in this sign shall have good success in all manner of beasts and cattle of the field.  
Gemini. ♊. The third sign Gemini, reigneth in May; it hath the name of twins, forasmuch as Adam and Eve were form, and made of one kind: Whosoever is borne in this sign, poor, and feeble shall he be, and shall live in grief, because Adam, and Eve bewailed their fall.  
Cancer. ♋. The fourth, Cancer reigneth in june, and hath the name Crab, or Canker, forasmuch as job was full of Leprosy, and Kankrous Sores, which is a Worm that through the permission of God, eateth the flesh: Whosoever is borne in this sign, he shall be feeble of body, but shall obtain grace, if he seek it of God.  
Leo. ♌. The fift sign, Leo reigneth in july, and hath the name of a Lion; forasmuch as Daniel the Prophet was put into a Lion's den: Whosoever is borne in this sign shall be a bold, and stout man, and a hardy.  
Virgo. ♍. The sixth sign Virgo reigns in August, and hath the name of a Virgin, forasmuch as our Lady that blessed Virgin before birth, in birth, and after birth, was a pure Virgin: Whosoever is borne under this sign, shall be wise, and learned, and shall suffer blame for a just cause.  
Libra. ♎. The seventh sign, Libra reigneth in September, and hath the name of the balance that hang in equal poise, forasmuch as judas Iscariot took counsel with the jews for the betraying of our Saviour: Whosoever is borne in this sign, he shall be a wicked man, and a traitor: an evil death shall he die if the course of nature prevail, but if he seek after grace and mercy, he may escape it.  
Scorpio. ♏. The eight sign, Scorpio reigneth in October, and hath the name of a Scorpion, forasmuch as the children of Israel passed through the Red Sea: Whosoever is borne in this sign shall have many angers, tribulations, and vexations.  
Sagittarius. ♐. The ninth sign Sagittarius, reigneth in November, and hath the name of the Archer, forasmuch as David fought with Goliath: Whosoever is borne under this sign shall be hardy, and lecherous.  
Capricornus ♑. The tenth sign Capricornus reigneth in December, and hath the name of the Goat, forasmuch as the jews lost the blessing of our Lord jesus Christ: Whosoever is borne under this sign shall be rich, and loving.  
Aquarius. ♒ The eleventh sign Aquarius reigneth in january, and hath the name of the waterman; forasmuch as Saint john B●ptist baptised our Saviour in the flood of jordan to begin to institute the new law of Baptism, and end the old law of Circumcision: Whosoever is borne in this sign sh●ll be negligent, and lose his goods, and shall be careless in his course of life.  
Pisces. ♓ The twelveth sign Pisces, reigneth in February, and hath the name of fishes; forasmuch as jonas the Prophet was cast into the sea, and three days, and three nights lay in the belly of a Whale: Whosoever is borne in that sign shall be gracious, and happy, if he make use of time.  
But note that neither the planets, nor the signs wherein they work do constrain any man to do good, or evil, but he may (by his own will, and the grace of God) do good, although he be disposed to evil after the nature, and influence of his planet, and on the contrary by his own evil inclination he may do evil, though by his planet ha' be disposed to good.  
Saturnus. ♄ Saturn hath the highest place of all the planets, which he compasseth once in thirty years, and is a planet wicked, and an enemy to humane nature; a destroyer of life, cold, dry, earthly, and is masculine of the day, he rules the right ear, spleen, bladder, and bones, melancholy humours mixed with phlegm, he hath dominion over old men, solitary, stubborn, lean, covetous, and gluttonous persons, the greatness of his body is 91 times so big as the earth, his character is thus. ♄  
jupiter. ♃ jupiter ends his course almost in twelve years, he is a planet benevolent, good, hot and moist; he rules the liver, lights, lungs, arteries, blood, and seed, and the left ear, humours sanguine, humble, just, honest, true, liberal, and rich Persons, Prelates, and Bishops: his character is thus ♃ the greatness of his body is 95. times so big as the earth.  
Mars. Mars circleth his sphere once in two years almost, he is a planet hot, and dry immoderately, governs the gall, veins, sinews, and stones, the humour choleric, disdainful, seditious, cruel, bold, and careless persons: the greatness of his body is once so big as the earth, and half so big, and an eight part, his character is thus. ♂  
The Sun. ☉ Sol the lamp of heaven, he passeth through the twelve signs of the Zodiac in three hundred threescore, and five days, he giveth life natural to all things, and is a planet moderately hot, and dry, masculine of the day, he rules the brain, marrow, and joints, kings, princes, magistrates, and famous persons, the greatness of his body is 166. times so big as the earth, his character is thus. ☉  
Venus. ♀ Venus endeth her course as doth the sun, she is a planet feminine of the night, cold, and moist temperate, she rules the throat, paps, belly, reins, matrix, and buttocks, and humours phlegmatic, governeth persons that are meek, pleasant, lovers, dancers, musicians, and Poets; the greatness of her body is the 37 part of the earth; her character is thus. ♀  
Mercury. ☿ Mercury maketh his course as the Sun and Venus, he is a planet variable, unequal, good with the good, and bad, with the bad, sometimes masculine of the day, and sometimes feminine of the night, hot with the hot, and cold-with the cold, moist with the moist, and dry with the dry planets, whichsoever he is configured unto; he rules the mouth, tongue, thoughts, and memory, devisers of any subtlety, or craft, crafty, deceitful, proud, unconstant, and lying persons; the greatness of his body is the 32000. part of the earth; his character is this. ☿  
Luna, ☽ Luna the moon makes her passage through the Zodiac in nine and twenty days and eight hours, and overtakes the Sun in nine and twenty days and twelve hours, or thereabouts; she is a planet naturally cold and moist, of the night feminine; she is the carrier of the influence of all the planets through her orb unto us, she rules the stomach, taste, liver, and the left-side; she governs noble women, widows, also mariners, and vagabonds, and humours phlegmatic; the greatness of her body is the 39 part of the earth; her character is thus. ☽  
It shall be also necessary to consider the place, country, soil, winds, and waters; their good effects, and their bad, the temperature of the climate, and the nature of the four cardinal winds, East, which is hot and dry: West, which is cold and moist: North, which is cold and dry: South, which is hot and moist.  
These I have the rather insisted upon, because I find them so necessary to be known, and duly considered in the administering of medicines.    

CHAP. III. Of Humours.  
AN humour is whatsoever is moist, and liquid in substance, into which the nourishment is first converted in the body of living creatures endued with blood, and is called an humour, not because all of them have one, and the same force of moistening, but because all of them have a fluent substance. For choler and melancholy (according to Reolanus) are dry humours; humours because of their liquid consistence, and dry because they have the natural force of drying. The humours are the first begotten matter, out of the mixture of the four elements; choler of fire; phlegm of water; melancholy of the earth; blood of the air; for it is hot and moist, as the air. An humour is either elementary, alimentary, or excrementitious: elementary, is the purest parts of the seed; alimentary, is that which is generated of the nourishment in the body, by the native heat, and mixed in the veins by the name of blood; but not only blood, for it hath a mixture of the three other humours although the greatest part be blood, and of these are produced the second humours, inominata, or without name, ros dew, gluten, which is ros condensed, and cambion: excrementitious, which is either profitable, and necessary, as choler in the gall, melancholy in the spleen, spittle in the jaws, and milk in the dugs; or unprofitable as urine, sweat, excrement of the nose, and menstruous blood.  
The alimentary Humour (as I have said) which is fit to nourish the body, is that humour which is contained in the veins, and arteries of a man, who is temperate, and perfectly well in health, and is known by the general name of Blood, which is let out at the opening of a vein, though it be in divers parts of the body unlike, and different, for the thick blood which is in the bottom, is not an humour, but is melancholy blood; the light froth that swims on the top is not Choler, but choleric blood, unless it be changed by nature into choler, and melancholy, which often it is, and from the blood is known, because being out of its vessels, it will congeal, but the humour never at all; for blood otherwise taken is an humour of a certain kind, destinguished by heat, and warmth, from the other humours comprehended with it in the whole mass of the blood.  
Blood in complexion is hot, and moist, rather temperate, incolour Red, Rosy, or Crimson; in smell, not stinking, in taste savoury, of indifferent consistence, neither too thick, nor too thin, and is of the nature of three signs of the Air, Gemini, Libra, Aquarius, and hath its original in the very first minute of our creation, and is increased by the meat we eat, being drawn into the bottom of the ventricle, and there detained until by force of concoction it is turned into a thick substance of colour according to the meat we eat, much like in consistence to almond butter, and this is called the Chylus which is form round, that it may be the better sucked out, for were it like a trough, that which was before concocted would be over much, whiles the other is sucked out. This Chylus seeming one, and the same thing in its self, yet consists of parts of a different nature, either by reason of the variety of meats, or by one, and the self same meat; this being perfectly concocted, is received by the vena porta, or gate vein, and driven from thence into the small guts, and sucked in by the meseraick veins, & so enters the liver, where (as some have thought) it gets no tincture, or rudiment, but it (being before coloured) gives colour to the liver, which otherwise is a thing of another kind, and of a fare different colour, and from thence it enters the heart, where it is perfected; for they are much deceived, who imagine the blood to have its original in the liver, for in Embrioes' you may see the heart, and all the vessels made before they live, and an Egg in four and twenty hours will be blood, and then a Chicken; so the blood is the first that is made; and of this mass of blood are all the other humours made at one, and the same time: The blood being thus composed is divided into two parts, natural, and unnatural. Natural which I have already shown you is either arterial contained in the arteries, or venal, contained in the veins, the arterial is more red, clear, subtle, hot, and flowing from an opened artery in a violent manner: the venal beats not, & is less red than the other, darker of colour, thick, & not so hot. Unnatural is in quality by infection, or commixtion with an humour, it is unnatural in quality, when it is changed from its good complexion, & is either too hot, or too cold, too thick, or too thin, or more subtle than it should be; by infection when that some part of the blood is evidently infected, and putrified by commixture with another humour; that is, when there is more of another humour than ought to be, either outwardly when the evil humour increases outwardly on the blood, or inward when an evil humour generated within the blood is absolutely mingled with it; as when some part of the blood being putrified, and its subtle parts turned into choler, and the gross parts turned into melancholy, and that choler, or melancholy become adust, and remain with the blood, it infects and putrifies it: and thus it is alienated from the natural, either in substance, colour, smell, or taste; in substance because it is thicker, and more troubled, as when there is mingled with it black choler, or subtler by the commixture of yellow watery choler; in colour, by either declining to white by the mixture of phlegm, or to blackness by the mixture of melancholy: by smell, by being of a worse savour, by the admixture of rotten humours, or by altogether wanting savour by the mixture of raw humours; in taste by turning either into bitterness, by mixture of choler, or to sharpness by mixture, of melancholy, or to unsavoriness by the mixture of phlegm. And to conclude, blood is (no question) the first amongst other humours, towards the beginning, and sustaining of man's lif●; towards the beginning, as thus; the seed is nothing else but blood made white by the more powerful concoction in the testicles, and of blood is generated the material cause of marrow; for it is not to be doubted, but all the parts of our body are more nourished thereby, then by any other humour, which will appear by this ex●mple; the ventricle of a child is nourished in the womb, not by any Chilus, for there is none, but by the mother's blood which the liver draws by the veins of the navel.  
Blood is the matter containing the spirits, of which the life, and every operation of the vegetative virtue consists, whether vital, or animal, and it may very well challenge to its self the principal place being fare more convenient than any of the other humours towards the maintaining of life, by reason of its heat, and moisture, and because it more nourishes the body, and more weakens it by its loss; for it is the treasure of life through the loss whereof follows death immediately.  
Those in whom this humour abounds are beautified with a fresh and rosy colour, gentle and well natured, pleasant merry, and facetious; it is best generated in the spring, and accordingly in youth, that is to say, from the five and twentieth year to the thirtieth year of age.  
The blood thus brought to the liver as before, must of necessity be purged from his too excrementitious humours, whereof the bladder of the gale draws one, which we call yellow choler, and the spleen the other which we call melancholy; which are natural and excrementitious, but not alimentary, or nourishing; but we will leave these for a while, and speak of phlegm, which hath the next place to blood, because it is nearer the radical moisture.  
Phlegm, Natural Phlegm is twofold, natural and unnatural▪ Natural as it is cold and moist, white and sweet, by an imperfect concoction in the second digestion, taking its original from the watery, and crude parts of the Chylus and is merely blood perfectly concocted, having neither the colour nor the aptness to nourish fleshy members that blood hath; so that that part of the Chylus that hath suffered any digestion in the liver, while the blood is perfected, and remains white, savoury, and watery, and of a remiss colour, is called phlegm which hath no proper receptacle as the other humours have but runs along with the blood, that in time of necessity it may likewise be made blood, or at least may supply its defect; but it hath an improper receptacle which is the stomach whether it often gathers, and the lungs on which it sometimes falls.  
Unnatural Phlegm. The unnatural is either changed in its quality, or in its quantity by being mixed with other humours; for there must be a substance in all, a just quality, and quantity; to the substance belongs the consistence; to the quantity belongs proportion; and to the quality appertains savour, and colour: choler (for example) must be thin, melancholy thick, pituit or phlegm in a mean almost like blood: choler in his first qualities ought to be hot and d●y; in his second qualities bitter and yellow: phleghme in its first qualities ought to be cold and moist, in the second white and unsavoury, for it is made sweet before it is mingled with the blood, and it is evident that sweetness proceeds from a moderate heat, as blood, sugar, honey, and the like do show, which are moderately hot; but natural phlegm is cold, therefore it may better be termed unsavoury, then sweet: melancholy in his first qualities is cold and dry; in his second, black and sharp, or sour: blood is hot and moist, if it be with other humours it is temperate, but in the second qualities it is red and sweet; in all four there ought to be a proportion, of chollar least, then melancholy, then of blood ought to be most, than phlegm; and if this proportion fail, so that there be either more or less of one than ought to be, or that one of them fall from its right temper, it breeds the original of almost all diseases which is ill digestion. But to return, the unnatural phlegm, as I shown you, is either cha●ged in its quality or quantity, and of these we count eight kinds (according to Avicen) whereof four without the veins, viz. Watery, that is subtle as water, and is found in the spittings of drunken men. Secondly mucous or raw, wherein are some parts gross, some subtle, but when the difference of the parts is so little as it cannot be perceived, than it is termed raw. Thirdly glassy, resembling molten glass, or rather the white of an egg, by reason of the stiffness and weight, and is not properly cold, but of a kind of faint heat. Fourthly, Gypsea plaisterlike which is concrete into the form, and hardness of chalk, whose subtle parts are resolved as you see in a knotty gout in the joints of the fingers. The other four are within the veins; as first acide, or sour which hath had none, or very little impression of heat more than that it first had in the stomach. Secondly, salt or adust which is bred by the mixture of choler, whose bitterness is lost by the unsavoriness of phlegm. Thirdly, thick and gross of sour phlegm by reason of the vehement cold. Fourthly, styptic that is not so cold, nor gross as the other.  
Phlegm is of the nature of the three signs of the water, Cancer, Scorpio, and Pisces, and is watery cold and moist, of consistence liquid; of colour white; of taste, sweet, or rather unsavoury, fit to nourish the brain, and all other cold, and moist parts, to make the blood temperate, and to yield moistness to the joints: It is placed in the body either of necessity, or for profit; of necessity two ways, whereof the first is common: the second particular: The common is that phlegm which is nearest the members, and by which they are nourished when at any time they shall have lost their proper nourishment good blood; neither doth it nourish, but when it is sent into the bloody veins by the liver; the particular, is the mingling of it with the blood, tempering it and making it fit to nourish the phlegmatic parts, as the brain and nerves: for to nourish these a great part or portion of phlegm is required: for profit likewise two ways, whereof the first is likewise common, the other particular; the common whereby it makes the blood the more thin, flowing, and penetrating, the easier to slide through the veins into the members; the particular, that it may moisten the joints and members that are most moved in the body, lest by continual motion they become dry, because every local motion is a straining and heating, and every heat is resolutive and desiccative; therefore that the joints of the bones by continual motion, which is made by the sinews and muscles, should not be over heat, dried, and consequently made quite unfit for the natural use and motion; nature hath ordained these phlegmatic humours, which as it were distilling out of the veins, do water and moisten them; not unlike the oiling the Axletree of a Coach, without which it would (as we see by daily experience) be burned into dust; but this office of this humour is not profitable nor necessary for every one, for infants, and weak impotent people, that can neither walk nor work, but sit idle, do not need this moisture; but those that labour hard, and go much, have extraordinary need of it.  
Phlegm maketh a man drowsy, dull, fat, and swollen, and hasteneth grey hairs; it abounds most in Winter, and in those that incline to old age; and is increased by cold, and crude nourishment.  
Choler. The next is Choler, which is an humour hot and dry, of thin, and subtle substance, and is, as it were, a certain heat, and fury of humours, which generated in the liver, together with the blood is carried by the veins and arteries through the whole body; that of it which abounds is sent partly into the guts, and partly into the bladder of the gall (which is its proper receptacle, and is in the hollowness of the liver) or is consumed by transpiration and sweats: Choler is divided into two parts, natural, and unnatural: Natural choler. The Natural is, as it were, the froth of the blood, whose colour is of a clear red turning towards yellow, and hath its original from the more subtle parts of the Chylus. Unnatural. Unnatural is by infection and commixtion of another humour, or by alteration; and it is called unnatural when it is either green, black, or dark red of colour: that kind of unnatural Choler which is made by mixture with another humour is called Vittelline, Vittelline. because in heat and consistence it is like the yolkes of eggs; and this Avicen thinks to be made of thick phlegm mingled with choler; but Galen thinks it to be only by alteration, and a stronger heat destroying the moisture; for any humour deprived of its moisture, must needs wax thick; and this is the most received opinion; for choler waxes pale and cold by the mixture of phlegm. These other following are made only by alteration, viz. Leake coloured, Leeke-coloured. or resembling the juice of a leek in greene's, tending towards black, which is generated in the ventricle by the crudity of meats, and therefore is sometimes called green phlegm: Aeruginous Aeruginous. of the colour of Verdigreace tending towards white; for according to Avicen, it is made of the aforesaid green being more adust by the ventricle or liver inflamed, as bones being burned are first black, and afterwards turn white▪ it is so hot and biting that it burns like to hot poison. To these we may add blue Blue. choler much like in colour to the herb Woad that our dyers use; and to this also belongs that which is called Sky-coloured, Sky-coloured, or Seagreen. or Sea-coloured, and is the worst of all the humours, except black choler, for it gets so much acrimony by reason of the heat, that it corrodes, and ulcerateth; this kind is generated in the ventricle, or near about it: Red Red. choler is improperly called Red, being rather blood; only this is the difference, blood congeals when it is out of its vessels, but red choler will not: it is made red by being mingled with some bloody moisture; and it is made pale almost to the likeness of natural choler, by the mixture of phlegm. Black Black. choler so much degenerates from the natural, as that it acquires the name of another humour, which is properly called melancholy, of which we will speak in his place. You shall understand, that that part of natural choler that goeth with the blood through the veins, is sent thither for two special reasons, which we may call necessity and profit; of necessity, because it is requisite and needful that the choleric members be nourished by it, whereto agreat part of choler is required: Secondly, for profit, that it may subtle the blood in the veins, and make itth more penetrating in its passage.  
Another part of natural choler is separated from the mass of humours generated in the liver, and is sent to the bladder of the gall, of necessity, and for profit: of necessity, that the whole body may be purged, cleansed and mundified from choleric superfluities; for the gall either by its own property, or by the natural attractive virtue, doth draw unto it choler, as a thing most fit and proper for itself, even after the manner of the Lodestones drawing of iron; which kind of delight in attracting; is established in a certain hidden sympathy, which nature hath ordained between choler, and the bladder of the gall; by whose attraction the whole body, and likewise the blood is cleansed and mundified from all superfluous choler, which otherwise might impair the health: secondly for profit; first that it may wash the intestines from dregs, and viscous phlegm; secondly to prick and sting the guts, and muskles of the belly, that they may feel that it is hurtful for them, and therefore may endeavour to expel it; for the expulsive faculty doth not exercise itself in expelling the dregs remaining in the belly and guts, unless it be excited by choler flowing thereunto, whereby it often happens that the passages between the gall and the guts being stopped, the colic ensues.  
Choler is chief bred, and expelled in youth; and acride, and bitter meats yield matter to it, but great labours of body and mind give the occasion. It maketh a man nimble, quick, ready for any performance, lean, and much subject to anger, and quick of concoction.  
Choler is of the nature of the three signs of the fire, Avies, Leo, and Sagittarius, and is fiery hot and dry; of consistence thin; of colour yellow, or pale; or taste bitter: it provoketh the expulsive faculty of the guts, and attenuates the phlegm cleaving to them; but the alimentary is fit to nourish the parts of like temper with it.  
Melancholy. Melancholy or the melancholy humour being the grosser portion, and as it were the mud and dregs of the blood, is partly sent from the liver to the spleen to nourish it, and partly carried by the vessels into the rest of the body, and spent in the nourishment of the parts endued with an earthly dryness; it is an enemy to mirth and jollity, and near kinsman to death; and is by the ancients divided into two parts as phlegm is, that is natural, Natural melancholy. and unnatural; the natural is cold and dry, and is generated in the Chilus passing as aforesaid.  
Unnatural melancholy. The unnatural is not like the dregs of blood, but it is like the lees of wine burnt, hotter & lighter than natural melancholy is, and takes its original from any of the humours adust; as from choler adust turned into melancholy, which only amongst all the humours reserves its own proper taste, that is bitter; from phlegm adust, which phlegm if it be watery and very subtle, than the melancholy thereof generated will be salt; which if it be not salt, than the melancholy will be acide, and sharp; from blood adust, and this kind of melancholy is salt having also some little sweetness; for blood is the treasure of nature, and most diligently preserved by the other humours, whereby it seldom happens that it is wholly, and totally adust, because it retains some sweetness from natural melancholy adust, from whence it happens that if the natural melancholy from whence this unnatural melancholy proceeds be subtle than this melancholy arising from the adustion will be even as sharp as vinegar, and being cast on the ground turns into bubbles; and this is the worst of all the kinds of melancholies, and is called atra bilis; Atra bilis, or black melancholy. for it not only corrodes the parts whereinto it is gathered, but wheresoever it touches it burns and scalds, as powerfully as Lime, Ashes, or burnt Lees of Wine, wherein some relics of fire remain; hereby it happens that a disentery caused by this humour is deadly, because it ulcerates the intestines; now blood adust, melancholy humours, and atra bilis may easily be distinguished; for from blood adust arise carbuncles; from melancholy schirrous tumors; and from atra bilis is generated cancer; and of this last the smell is so contagious, that the very flies do shun it; but if that natural melancholy be gross, then that which proceeds from it by adustion will be of fare less sharpness.  
A part likewise of natural melancholy passeth along with the blood, of necessity, and for profit; of necessity that it may be mingled with the blood in that quantity, and proportion as is necessary and requisite to nourish some members, which are maintained by a great portion of melancholy, as the bones, and other cold, and dry melancholy members: Secondly for profit that it may attenuate the grossness of the blood, and strengthen, and consolidate it until it becomes a solid part of such hard members as it ought to nourish.  
A part of natural melancholy is also sent unto the spleen, the blood having no need thereof, which is done for the aforesaid causes. The first is universal, for it is very necessary the whole body should be purged of superfluous melancholy; and also particular, because it ought to nourish a particular member, that is the spleen. The second is of the melancholy that flows to the orifice of the stomach, and by his stipticity straining, and as it were milking out the moisture it there finds, as a woman strains and presses out the milk from the Cow's teats with her fingers, and this profit arises two several ways; first when melancholy binds, unites, and strengthens the orifice of the stomach that the meat may be the better retained therein; secondly where such melancholy by his acridnesse makes a kind of commotion in the mouth of the stomach, whereby the desire of meat is excited and stirred: for after the mouth of the stomach is thus moved, a kind of gripping follows (as saith james de Forlivio) which presently the sensitive faculty perceiving is excited to the desire of meat, whereby that griping is ended  
Melancholy is made of meats of gross juice, and by the perturbations of the mind turned into fear and sadness: it is augmented in the first, and crude old age; it makes men sad, harsh, constant, froward, envious, and fearful; it is of the nature of the three signs of the earth, Taurus, Capricorn, and Virgo, and is of nature earthly cold and dry; of consistence gross, and muddy; of colour blackish; of taste acide, sour, and biting; stirs up the appetite, nourishes the spleen, and all the parts of like temper to it, as the bones, etc.  
Neither is it to be doubted but that these humours do move, and rule at certain set hours of the day and night, as by a certain peculiar motion or tide; for the blood flows from the ninth hour of the night to the third hour of the day, as in the spring time: Choler to the ninth of the day, as in summer: Melancholy to the third of the night, as in autumn; the rest of the night that remains is under the dominion of phlegm, as in winter, whereof manifest examples appear in the French Pox, etc. And these things thus understood, you may know what humour reigneth in the sick, and at what time he shall he most grieved. The second humours. Next I shall show you what the second humours are which as I told you are likewise four.  
Inam humiditas. The first whereof is called the humour without a name, as having no proper name, but is thought to be a kind of bloody moisture which hangs ready to f●ll in little drops at the orifice of the small capillary veins; for in the body are certain great veins which like the trunk of a tree do spread forth their branches to the fineness of hairs, in which (according to johannitius) are situate the humours, which after the third concoction are turned into moisture, which is called in latin inominata, because it wants a proper name whereby to call it, or else because it participates with the first and second humours; and after certain spongious or porous parts begins the orifice of the veins like the mouths of small worms, which whiles the digestion is perfecting are shut (as the matrice is after conception) but (digestion finished) they open naturally (as the matrice opens when the child is ready to be borne) through which thus opened distils this aforesaid bloody moisture which entering the members agreeable is apropriate unto them, as the first operation of the nutritive virtue.  
Ros. The second is called Ros dew, which moistens the part into whose substance it is already fallen; it is begot of the other humours, and serves very aptly for to nourish, when the body wants nourishment, as to moisten members that are overdryed, either by too much care or over much frequenting the fire, or remaining under a hot climate, as the Aethiopians, etc. This moisture is properly called Ros from the likeness it hath to dew, because as dew falleth upon the earth, moisteneth it, and administers nourishment to the plants, so this moisture doth at times of necessity, yield nourishment to the desiring member; but not true substantial nourishment, because it hath not in itself solid substance sufficient to be made part of a member; but it is in a kind of imperfect way, which is called a refreshing: Further seeing that this moisture is partly watery, partly airy and fat, therefore when it waters the members being by a continual resolution dry, the easier is that joined to the members which they call Cambium, then if they had still remained dry, for moist to moist makes an union.  
Cambium. The third is called Cambium, which put into the part that is to be nourished is there fastened, being more thickened than the other two in the holes of the aforesaid little veins, and is a substance truly nourishing, because it is converted into the substance of the members, according to complexion; but yet not according to the complete essential parts, and full likeness, which we call substantial form; for it is the object of the fourth digestion, about which the virtue nutritive exercises its self, which is properly termed the last virtue digestive, and of which arise three operations: First, the adding of the Cambium to the members: Secondly the uniting, or fastening thereof: Thirdly the assimulating, or bringing into form: therefore while this Cambium generated of pure meats is added to the members, it is conformable to them in complexion, neither heating, nor cooling, nor moistening, nor drying the substance of the members qualitatively as a distemperate medicine; but in substance and essential form, and similitude, it is not yet assimulated to the members; yea the virtue nutritive a little working it, and striving as it were to assimilate it, doth thicken, and consolidate its substance, that it may make it like the substance of the members.  
Gluten. The fourth is called Gluten, Glue, which is only the proper and substance-making humidity of the simular parts, not their substance; and the first root and beginning of it is in the sperm or seed, as the beginning of the seed is from the humours; neither is it as I said a substantial part of the members, but a part of the part, as elements constituting simple members, as it appears by the composition of the body; for this is compounded of four several things, hot qualified by cold, and moisture diminished by dryness; but yet none of these serve towards the composition of a soul, neither are they any integral or substantial parts of the body of any one living.  
Now that you may know what humour is most predominant in every one, I shall briefly declare the signs which we usually observe.  
To know a man of a sanguine complexion. First therefore (because the matter and generation of fl●sh is chief from blood) a man of fleshy, dense, and solid habit of body, and full of a sweet, and vaporous juice is of a sanguine complexion; they have a ruddy coloured, and flushing face, with red and white; White by reason of the skin spread over it, and Red by reason of the blood lying underneath the skin; for always such as the humour is, such is the colour of the face: they are courteous, affable, and fair spoken, of a smooth forehead, and something given to women, seldom angry, for as the inclination of the humour is, so also is the disposition of manners; they eat and drink freely, have pleasant dreams, and are troubled with diseases that arise from blood, as phlegmones, pustles, bleeding much, and menstruous fluxes; they will endure blood-letting, and desire most those things that are cold and dry, therefore offended by hot and moist things; they have a great and strong pulse, great quantity of urine, but of a mild quality with substance, and colour indifferent.  
Signs of a choleric complexion. As for Choleric persons you shall observe them to be of a pale yellow colour, the body lean, slender, and rough, fair veins, and large arteries with a quick pulse, their skin feels dry, hard, and hot with pricking, they cast forth much choler by vomit, and stool, they are nimble witted, stout, hardy, and desirous of revenge, liberal and ambitious, they have light sleep with sudden wake, fiery, and furious dreams, they most desire meats and drinks that are cold and moist, and are subject to burning favours, frenzy, jaundice, bloody flux, and pustulous inflammations.  
Signs of a phlegmatic complexion. You shall know phlegmatic persons by a white face something livid, a fat body being soft, and cold to the touch; they are subject to Oedematous tumors, catarrhs distilling down upon the lungs, and dropsy; they are slothful, drowsy, and of a dull capacity, dreaming of waters, drowning, floods, and the like; they cast up much phlegmatic watery matter by vomit, and spitting, and are troubled with a doglike appetite, and with the colic.  
Signs of a melancholic complexion. Those that are melancholic are swart, cloudy, and stern of countenance; they are subject to divers evil  

A Table of the Humours in Man's Body.  


The humours in man's body are of three kinds, which are either 

I. Elementary, of the purest portion of the parents seed: as 

I. Blood, or the airy portion of the seed.  
II. Phlegm, the watery part of the seed. 

Of which, as of their proper elements are generated. 

I. 

the Flesh.  
the Heart.  
the Liver.  
the Lights.  
the Spleen.  
The Reins.    
II. 

the Brain.  
the spinal marrow.  
the Nerves.  
the Veins  
the Arteries.    
III. 

The Bones.  
the Gristles of the Bones.  
the Ligaments.  
the Tendons.      
III. Melancholy, the earthly part of the seed.  
Choler, or the hot and fiery portion of the seed: of which no member is generated; but thereby the parts form are fashioned and dried in the womb.    
II. Alimentary, which are generated of the nourishment taken into the body; and are either 

Natural, spread in the veins, and known by the name of blood, as 

Blood,  
Phlegm,  
Choler and  
Melancholy.   Of the natural humours before the digestion be perfected, arise the second humours 

the humour innominate, or oily,  
Ros, or dew.  
Gluten, like glue, and Cambion    
Unnatural, or sickly, as 

Blood 

putrified,  
serous,  
Phlegmatic. 

in the veins. 

choler 

adust, in the liver  
pale, in the liver  
vitteline in the liver  
Leake colour, in the ventricle.  
Aeruginous, in the ventricle.  
Blue, in the ventricle.      
Choleric, or Melancholic.    
Phlegm, Choler, Melancholy 

acide or sour, salt. in the veins 

Melancholy 

Blood. by being adust.  
Choler. by being adust.  
Melancholy. by being adust.      
raw, in the brain  
glassy Plaisterlike. in the joints.        
III. Excrementitious, which may be perceived from the alimentary; and are either 

profitable 

Choler in the gall.  
Melancholy in the spleen.  
Spittle in the jaws.  
Milk in the dugs.    
unprofitable 

Sweat.  
Urine.  
Snot.  
Menstruous blood.  
Phlegmatic excrements in the 

Brain.  
Belly.  
Guts.   gathered together.               
Place this Table in page 39 at this mark ✚  
diseases, as quartain, quintane, sextane, and septimane fevers, cancers, simple and ulcerated, and oftentimes with a leprosy; the coldness that reigns in them makes them have small veins, and arteries; their bodies cold and hard, their dreams very terrible, as of devils, and monsters, of graves, dead corpses, and in the night many black representations before their eyes; being awake, they are for the most part froward, deceitful, covetous, of few words, cowards, careful, and lovers of solitariness, slow to anger, but once angered, hard to be reconciled.  
But note that these humours often change the temper of man's body; for there are divers that are sometimes sanguine, sometimes again choleric, melancholic, or phlegmatic, nor happens this by the blood, but by the diet; as hot and dry meats make a sanguine man choleric, and gross meats that breed and increase evil blood, as Venison, Hares, etc. will bring either of these to a melancholy; likewise cold and moist meats breed phlegm: but that I may not exceed my intended brevity I shall add a table of humours, and so proceed to the next, which is the members or parts of the body. ✚   

CHAP. IU. Of Members.  
What a member is. THE Members are bodies engendered of the first commixtion of elements, humours, and spirits, because they consist of a solid, fleshy, and spirituous substance. By parts in general, I understand the head, breast, belly, and their adjuncts; by the particular parts of those I understand the simple similar parts, which are in number only eight, bones, gristles, fibres, ligaments, membranes, tendones, simple flesh, and skin, some add to these, veins, arteries, fat, marrow, nails, and hairs, others omit them as excrements: these aforesaid are called simple rather in the judgement of sense, then of reason, for all are nourished, have life, and sense, either manifest, or obscure.  
A bone. A bone is earthly, dry and hard, that they may the better serve in the foundation of the whole body, and uphold it as pillars; and this ought not to be all one bone, but divided into divers parts that the body may with ease bend its members, which way necessity requires; of these some are hollow, and some solid; the first nourished by marrow, the last by a thick blood entering by the pores, as may be perceived in broken bones which are united by a Callus, which is generated of the relics of the alimentary blood.  
A gristle. A gristle is the same in substance, that a bone is of, and is merely a soft bone, that may be crushed; as the bones of children are but gristles, until the heat increasing with age doth harden them into bones; gristles do differ in themselves, for some are at the ends of the bones, as in the huckle bone, nose, sternon, and knots of the ribs; others without bones, as in the ears, the flap of the weasel, throttle, aspera arteria, and basis of the heart.  
A ligament. As a bone is harder than a gristle, so is a gristle harder than a ligament, which serves only to hold the bones together, which otherwise would slip asunder; it is in colour and substance very like a nerve, but harder; and altogether without sense and feeling, excepting some few, which either receive the nerves, or have their original from the sensible membranes.  
A tendon. A tendon is the end and tail of the arbitrary muscles, and the first instrument of motion, and is called a tendon from the latin Tendendo, because it stretches like a cord, when the member is moved; it is so much softer than a ligament, as it is harder than a nerve; it feeeles, and is moved by a voluntary motion by reason of the nerves, but by reason of the ligaments, it knits the muscles to the bones.  
A fiber. A fiber is a small thread, but firm and strong, which nature hath placed in the muscles, that so the body may move every way; the right fibres do draw, the transverse do put back, the obliqne do hold, every one helps one another, as if you should hook your fingers one within another.  
A membrane. A membrane and a coat differ only in this, a membrane is a name of substance, a coat is a name of office, for where a membrane invests any part, it is called a coat; in some parts it hath a proper name, as that which involues the bones is called the periosteum, that which covers the brain pan is called the pericranion, which covers the brain, is called the mevinx, that which covers the ribs, and the contained parts as the heart, lights, and aspera arteria is a proper coat, and is called a compassing membrane; that which contains the natural parts, and gives to every one his proper coat, is called peritoneum, and from these the parts have feeling; for if you scrape the periosteum from the bone, you may cut the bone, burn it, or any thing without any pain.  
Skin. The skin is the greatest of all the membranes; it is the coat covering all the body, except such places by which any excrements are evacuated; as the eyes, ears, nose, privities, fundament, mouth, and ends of the fingers, where the nails grow; it is the sluice of the whole body, through which it is purged by sweat, from all fulginous excrements; of substance it is spermaticke, for being once lost it cannot be restored as formerly it was, but there remains a scar, which is nothing else but flesh dried beyond measure; it takes its feeling from the nerves, of which (together with veins and arteries) it is composed, and is by nature cold and dry, ordained for to keep safe and sound the continuity of the whole body, and all the parts thereof from the violent assault of all external dangers.  
Simple flesh. Simple flesh may be seen in the gums and ends of the fingers; the flesh of a muscle is very like these, ●ut it is not simple: in the paps and stones, it is called gludulous flesh, and the substance of the heart and liver is called flesh, but improperly.  
Fat. Fat, and flesh proceed both from one and the same matter that is blood; the difference is, that flesh comes of blood, heat, and overdried; the fat from cold by a certain congealing or growing together of membranes, it is of a middle temper between heat and cold, although it may seem cold in respect of the efficient cause that is of cold by which it concreates; in the joints is another sort of fat fare more solid, and hard then the former, and it is mixed with a viscid humour, tough like the whites of Eggs, that it may for a good space moisten those parts which are subject to much dryness by their continual motion; another kind of fat is called seam, Seam. which is much drier than ordinary fat, and lies principally about the midriff, where there are many wind of arteries and veins; it lies also about the reins, loins, and basis of the heart.  
Compound members. Those parts are called compound, which are made and composed by the mediation, or immediately of the simple, which they term otherwise organical, or instrumental; as an Arm, Leg, Hand, Foot, and others of that kind: the simple parts cannot be divided into any particles, but of the same kind; but the compound may: they are called instrumental and organical, because they perform such actions of themselves, as serves for the preservation of themselves, and the whole body; as the eye by itself, not assisted by any other part, seethe, and by his faculty defends the whole body, and also itself: In each instrumental part we observe four properties; One by which the action is properly performed, as the Crystalline humour in the eye: The Second without which the action cannot be perfomed, as the nerve & the other humours of the eye: The Third, whereby the action is better and more conveniently done, as the tunicles, and muscles: The Fourth, by which the action is preserved, as the eyelid and circle of the eye: The same we say of the hand, as First, by the muscle: Secondly, by the ligament: Thirdly, by the bones and nails: Fourthly, by the veins, arteries, and skin.  
Instrumental parts. The instrumental parts have a fourfold order; those that are immediately composed of the simple, are of the first order, as the muscles and vessels: they are of the second that consist of the first simple, and others besides, as the fingers: they are of the third, that are composed of the second order, and others besides, as the hand in general: The fourth order is, the whole body the instrument of the soul. In all these parts, whether simple or compound, we do consider nine things, Substance, Quantity, Figure, Composition, Number, Connexion, Temperature, Action, and Use.  
Amongst the organical parts, there is three principal parts, governing all the rest, viz. the Brain, Heart, and Liver, because from them, some force, power, or faculty proceeds and flows over the whole body, when as there is no such sent from any other part. To these some add the testicles, not for that they are of necessity of the individual or peculiar body, but for generation and preservation of the species: Herein we may see the industry of nature, who like a good Architect seeks not only to build, and furnish her fabric with all kind of materials necessary, by which the body may live; but also she hath furnished it with the testicles, thereby to make it immortal, because hereby every one may substitute another in his place before he depart this world. The veins, arteries, and nerves, are the first simple instrumental parts: the veins Veins. spring all from the liver, the arteries Arteries. from the heart (except only the vena arteriosa) which hath its original from the eight ventricle of the heart: it is called vena arteriosa Vena arteriosa. compositively, & therefore is not reckoned amongst the simple instrumental parts: for it is called a vein, because it distributes alimentary blood to the lungs; and arterious, because like an artery it consists of two coats, all the rest consist but of one coat, knit together with a triple kind of fibres, and this vein hath two principal cavities, one by which the Chylus is carried to the liver, and is called vena porta, Vena porta. or the gate vein; the other by which the blood made out of the Chylus is dispersed amongst all the members for nourishment, and is called vena cava, Vena cava. the hollow vein. The gate vein hath its original in the blunt end or lower end of the liver, and there it spreads its roots: The hollow vein beginneth in the gibbous part of the liver: The trunk of the gate vein is divided into two principal branches; the one is splenicus, which is carried to the spleen, the other is mesentericus, which goes to the mesentery; it hath other small slips that nourish the most part of the lower belly, and take their names from the parts they nourish; as that which nourishes the ventricle, is called grastica, intestinalis, that nourishes the intestines; cistica which brings nourishment to the bladder of the gall; from the mesentery branch spring small slips to the right gut, which makes the hemorroids: The trunk of the hollow vein is also divided into two branches; one is carried upwards to nourish the superior parts, another is carried downward to nourish the inferior.  
An artery differs from a vein because it consists of two coats that the spirits may not be exhaled, and that it may not be broken by the continual motion and beating; a vein beats very little or not at all.  
A nerve. A nerve is that which proceeding from the brain or spinal marrow hath sense and motion; some parts of the body which have nerves have feeling also, but no voluntary motion; as the membranes, veins, arteries, guts, and all the entrails: from the brain arise two soft nerves, which have feeling, the hard nerves spring from the spinal marrow, and are moving; from the brain proceed seven conjugations of nerves, from the spinal marrow thirty pair, that is sixty nerves, some nerves cannot be perceived to be hollow at all, it is a simple part of our body, bred and nourished by a gross, and phlegmatic humour.  
The second instruments. Of the three first and simple instruments, veins, nerves, and arteries, and of the eight aforesaid parts least conformable, being knit in due quantity, number, and scite, spring the second instruments; amongst which the muscles Muscles. have the first place, as being the instruments of voluntary motion; which is performed six manner of ways: viz. upwards, downwards, forwards, backwards, to the right hand, and to the left hand; this is simple motion the second voluntary motion is circularly, as when you lure a hawk you swinge your hand round. A muscle consists of veins, nerves, and arterious flesh, and fibres, from which they receive nourishment, life, sense, and motion: they are reckoned amongst the second instruments, because they consist of a coat, a tendon, and a ligament; and are divided into three parts, the beginning, middle, and end, the head, insertion and nether part; and these are all differing in figure, situation, perforation, and quantity, colour, and connexion.  
The fingers. The fingers consist not only of veins of which they are nourished, of arteries from whence they receive spirit and vital heat, nerves by which they feel, and muscles whereby they are moved; but also of three bones in each finger (that is fifteen in each hand, which are hollow, fistulous, and full of thin and liquid marrow, and not of gross and thick as in the arm or thigh) whereby they are fortified and sustained; likewise of ligaments whereby the bones are connexed, of fl●sh, and skin; by whose conjunction is ordained, the true organical touching, the fingers are in number five. The nails are generated by the fibers of the ligaments, and the excrements of the tendons, which are terminated at the bottom of the nails.  
The hand. The hand consists of five fingers, the palm or hollow of the hand, the back of the hand, and the wrest; it is the instrument of instuments, made for to take up and hold any thing, for with the hands are all the other instruments made; it is divided into five fingers the more easily to take up even the least bodies of any figure or fashion soever; and to this end nature ordained us the nails, because the finger's ends being soft flesh, might not turn away in meeting with a hard body.  
The heart. The heart is the chief mansion of the soul, the organ of the vital faculty; and is placed in the body as the Sun in the firmament: it is placed by nature as it were in a box, that it may have free liberty to spread itself, and receive hurt neither from the ribs, or vertebres of the chest; it contains a continual moisture, that by its motion and heat, it may not be over dried; it consists of a hard and dense flesh, in which are two hollows, the right side is the biggest, the left side is the more corpulent, and thereby the more straight, but it is the more solid and thick, that the vital spirits which are worked in it may not be exhaled: In the right hollow are two vessels, a branch of the hollow vein whereby the heart draws the blood from the liver, and the gate vein by which it sends the blood throughly concocted, and subtilised to the lungs. In the left side also are two vessels, the great Artery Aorta, whereby it sends the vital spirits every way, and the arteria venosa, whereby it receives the air from the lungs, which are only the bellows of the heart to cool it. The heart hath auricles or little ears on every side, to hold up the gate vein, and branch of the hollow vein, that they be not broken by the violent motion of the heart; the heart is one alone situate most commonly upon the fourth vertebrae of the chest, being placed there by nature, because it is the most sure and armed place; and is besides, as it were, covered on every side by the hands of the lungs, and is made of a more dense, solid, and compact substance, than any other part of the body, because it must have a natural motion of its self.  
These things I have spoken in brief, only to show you how necessary it is to be perfect in Anatomy, whereby you shall the more easily discern the p●rts affected by the place of pain, and cure it by a fit application of remedies without the hurting of any other part: next I shall speak of the faculties.   

CHAP. V Of Faculties.  
What a faculty is. A Faculty is a certain power, and efficient cause proceeding from the temperament of the part, and the cause whereof proceed the actions and powers of the body.  
The animal faculty. Of these are three kinds in every perfect body; that is, the Animal, Vital, and Natural, which have a certain sympathy one with another; for if one be hurt all the rest suffer with it. The Animal is that which proceeds from the proper temperament of the brain, and yields knowledge, sense, and voluntary motion; and this is of three kinds: 1. Moving, which remains in the Muscles and Nerves, as the fit instruments of voluntary motion. 2. Sensative, which consists in the five external senses, Sight, Hearing, Taste, Smell, and Touch. 3. and principal, which comprehends the reasonable faculty, the memory, and fantasy. The Animal faculty being thus seated in the brain, sends from thence sense and motion by the nerves or certain channels into the whole body: Vital faculty. But the Vital faculty is that which sendeth life to every member of the whole body, and maintains the essence of the spirits; and this hath his seat in the heart, from whence he sends heat through the arteries to every part of the body, and is much hindered by diseases in the breast.  
Natural faculty. The natural faculty is that which carries the nourishment into all the members of the body, and this claims his place in the liver; it is by Avicen and most of the ancient Philosophers concluded, that this natural faculty is divided into two parts, whereof one is the preserving of life and health unseparable, and to nourish the body as coming from the fountain and mint of nourishment; the other is the preserving and maintaining the form and species made in generation: First, by drawing the seminal matter from the humours of the body, and converting it into the humour called inominata humiditas. Secondly, by forming this seminal matter in the vessels and testicles. Thirdly, by reducing the seminal matter into simple members. Fourthly, by forming it (at the command of the Creator) into his Image and likeness: but I will only shwe you what faculties attend on these before named; and for the rest I shall refer the desirous to Galen in libro de Hippocrat. & Platonicis dogmat. li. 9 the curan. morb. cap. 10. & lib. de potent. natural. It being more than my brevity will permit me to speak of.  
Those faculties therefore that attend the forenamed three, are in number four, viz. Attractive, Retentive, Digestive, and Expulsive: The Attractive draws that juice which is most fit to nourish the body by heat, and as it were a kind of violence, and is made three manner of ways; 1. by heat, 2. likeness of substance, 3. and to fill up vacant places; it is said to be by heat, as when frictions and rubbings are applied to any part of the body, hot emplasters or vesicatories, by which the native heat is increased, and nourishment is drawn to the part, after which manner all the other parts draw: The likeness of substance is a certain inexplicable propriety following the same form, and similitude, as you may perceive in the loadstone, amber, and purgations, which draw nourishment from the part, not confusedly, and indifferently, but definitly and with a desire even as a familiar friend; a part therefore draws nourishment by heat, but by the similitude of substance it draws this or that nourishment such as is most fit for it, as the brain draws phlegmatic blood, the lungs choleric blood; after this manner the liver draws the Chyle, the reins, the urine, for every one draws that it may get thereby, as the bladder of the gall draws the gall, and delights in it because of the similitude of the substance and the propriety of the matter received to the place receiving. Now the attraction to fill up vacant places is made by the desire the natural parts have to shun the fault of vacancy, so that the light are carried downwards, and the heavy are raised upwards, by the ordination of nature; to that end, and in this manner do the heart, arteries, and lungs attract air to temper, and qualify the native heat.  
But because the parts cannot enjoy their nourishment that they have acquired, unless the attracted be somewhile stayed, for every action hath his time, therefore nature like a good and skilful workman hath given every part a faculty of holding and retaining the nourishment, until it be made perfect by concoction into the form of Chyle, it is helped by coldness and dryness.  
Digestive faculty. The digeive faculty, is that which turns the nourishment (brought in by the attractive faculty and retained by the retentive faculty) into a fit substance, for that part whose faculty it is, as from the stomach the nourishment is turned into Chyle, from Chyle the digestive faculty in the meseraicke▪ veins, turns it into blood, which by a third kind is brought to the members, and assimulated to them and converted into the same substance, as may be perceived in the paps of women, and testicles of men.  
Expulsive faculty. And because from abundance of excrements proceed many dangerous diseases, and that no nourishment whatsoever but hath his faeces, therefore hath nature placed the expulsive faculty, which is only appointed to expel those superfluities, which by no action of heat can obtain the form of the part; and thus the womb at the appointed time doth send forth the infant by a most vehement expulsive faculty. Now if any of these faculties be wanting in a body, the health must needs decay for want of nourishment; but if these faculties do rightly perform their duties, than the nourishment is changed into the proper substance of the part, and truly assimulated to it.   

CHAP. VI Of the Actions.  
What an action is. THE next thing we must speak of, is of the Actions which arise from the aforesaid faculties; for as a faculty depends on a temperament, so an Action depends on a faculty; and therefore it is called an active motion, proceeding from a faculty; for let the faculty be removed away, and there will be no action: These actions are three in number, Animal, Vital, and Natural, which are called also Simple, and Compound; Simple actions. simple, to whom one alone operative faculty with its natural instruments doth concur; as, 

Attraction. which is caused of the faculty. Attractive. by Heat and dryness.  
Retention. which is caused of the faculty. Retentive. by Cold and dryness.  
Digestion. which is caused of the faculty. Digestive. by Heat and moisture.  
Expulsion. which is caused of the faculty. Expulsive. by Cold and moisture.    
Compound actions. The compound is made either of two faculties, as the natural desire of meat proceeds from the attractive, and sensative faculty, by which the stomaches feels emptiness, for five natural motions go before the natural desire: As First, the emptinsse of the members: Secondly, the Attraction or sucking of the members by the veins: Thirdly, the attraction of the veins from the liver: Fourthly, the sucking of the liver from the stomach by the meseraicke veins: Fithly, the sense and feeling in the stomach, from whence proceeds the natural desire of meat. This compound may be made of more than two faculties; as the carrying, which is as much to say as the helping forward of the nourishment in its passage to the members, and the egestion of the excrements and urine, which is made three ways; by the sensative that feels the burden; by the appetitive, or desiring, which desires to be eased; and the expulsive which expelleth and driveth the excrement to the instrument.  
Natural actions. Actions are either voluntary or natural; the natural are performed against our will, as the continual motion and pulsation of the heart and arteries, and expulsion of excrements, and these actions flow from the liver and veins, or from the heart and arteries; and therefore are they called natural and vital actions. The unvoluntary vital actions be the dilatation & contraction of the heart and arteries which we commonly call pulse, by that they draw in, and by this they expel or drive forth. The unvoluntary vital actions be generation, which proceedeth from the generative faculty, and growth, and nutrition, which proceedeth from the growing and nourishing faculty.  
Generation. Generation is a producing of matter, and introducing of a substantial form into the said matter.  
Growth. Growth is an enlarging of the solid parts retaining still both the figure and solidity, as the bones whose increase the whole body follows.  
Nutrition. Nutrition is a perfect assimulation of that nourishment which is digested into the nature of the part which digests, and is performed by the four aforesaid actions, Attractive, Retentive, Digestive, and Expulsive.  
Voluntary motions. The voluntary motions we willingly perform, are three; the sensative action, the moving action, and the principal: The sensative comprehends all the five senses; sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch, to the performance whereof necessarily occur these three; 1. the organ, 2. the medium, or mean, 3. the object.  
The organ is the animal spirit diffused all over the body; the mean carries the object to the instrument; the object is an external quality that can by a medicine stir up the organ; as for example, sight is the seeing faculty, acted by the eye which is the organ; the object is the visible quality before the eye, the medium arrives the object at the eye.  
The hearing faculty whereof the ear is the organ, every sound the object, the medium is the air that carries the sound to the ear.  
The smelling faculty cometh from the mammillary processes produced from the proper substance of the brain, and seated in the upper part of the nose, the object is every smell; the medium by which it is carried, is to men, birds, and beasts the air, to fishes the water.  
The action of the taste is performed by the tongue; the object is the taste of several meats and drinks; the medium is either external, as is the spittle that doth moisten the tongue, or internal, as the spongy flesh of the tongue itself.  
All parts endued with a nerve, enjoy the sense of touching, the object is every tractable quality, as heat, cold, roughness, etc. The medium is either the skin or the flesh endued with those nerves.  
The next action is voluntary motion, and is performed by a muscle (as I shown you in the Chapter of Parts or Members) either by extension, or contraction, upward, downward, to the right hand, to the left hand, forward, or backward.  
The principal action is threefold; 1. Imagination, 2. Reason, 3. and Memory.  
Imagination is a certain distinguishing apprehension.  
Reason is a certain judicial estimation of things apprehended.  
Memory is the sure storer of all things, as in a magazine, which the mind oft unfolds.   

CHAP. VII. Of Spirits.  
What a spirit is. THE Spirit is the substance subtle, and acrious of our body, bred of the most pure, and thin blood, and is the prime instrument whereby the members shall perform their office, and they abide most in the heart and arteries, in the brain, and nerves.  
Division of spirits. The Spirits are divided into three parts; animal, vital, & natural; Animal spirit. the animal is seated in the brain for there it is prepared and made, and of which a great part is sent to the eyes by the nerves optickes, and some to the ears, and divers other parts: this kind is called animal because it is the chief, and prime instrument of life.  
Vital spirit. The vital spirit hath his chief mansion in the left ventricle of the heart, and in the arteries, and is made of the evaporation of the blood, and furnished with matter from the air which we draw in breathing, and is sent from his seat in the heart through the channels of the arteries into the whole, for the conservation of natural heat.  
Natural spirit. The natural spirit is engendered in the liver and veins, and there remains while the blood is made, and other natural operations perfected: the use of it is to help the concoction both of the whole body, and of each several part, and to carry blood, and heat to them.  
These spirits being dissipated, we cannot hope for life, because the flower thereof is decayed, and wasted in their defect.  
Now to these natural things which I have showed you, are associate, and joined these four following, viz. Age, Colour, Figure, or Scite, and Kind, or Composure.  
Age, is a space or part of our life, in which our bodies are subject to mutations, and of this I have sufficiently spoken before.  
The Colour, shows the temperament of the body, and the just proportion of humours; as if there be a just proportion of the four humours, the colour is red; if abundance of melancholy, the colour is livide and black; if abundance of choler, the colour is citrine and yellow; if phlegm, the colour is white and pale.  
Scite and figure, show the good composure and connexion of all the parts of a body fitly and duly compacted as they ought to be; of this kind there are four, quadrature, crassitude, or thickness, extenuation, and fatness.  
Sex is the distinction betwixt Male and Female, not in parts, but in constitution; as the Male is commonly hot, the Female cold, and so are Eunuches.   

CHAP. VIII. Of things not natural, which is the second part of Physic.  
What things not natural are, HAving showed you things natural, whereof man's body is composed, and what they are, as Elements, Humours, etc. as we formerly comprehended under the name natural; we will now proceed in the description of things not natural, which are used to conserve and defend the body composed and made of the things natural already spoken of: these do pertain to that of Physic, which is for preserving health, and are the mean betwixt things natural, and things against nature, for they do not constitute our nature as things natural; neither do they hurt or damage it, as things against nature, but they are indifferent good if they be well used, and bad if they be ill used; the use whereof we consider from four conditions, quantity, quality, occasion, and manner of using: These being observed, you may effect and cause things doubtful of themselves to bring undoubted health; things not natural are in number six; 1. the air that goeth about us; 2. the meat and drink we use; 3. the motion and rest of our bodies; 4. sleeping and waking; 5. repletion and inanition, or things to be expelled, or retained, 6. and perturbations of the mind.   

CHAP. IX. Of Air.  
Aire. AIRE is so necessary for us, that not one minute of health can be enjoyed without the same; as we may perceive by the continual transpiration, and breathing that all living creatures have for their refreshing, and to regender the spirit animal, and therefore because we so often draw it in & breathe it out, it will be very necessary for our health to know what air is wholesome, and what unwholesome, for the air doth alter our bodies three manner of ways; by quality, as if it be horter, moister, or drier; by substance, as if it be more grosser, or more subtle than is fit; or by mutation, which any man may prove who makes a sudden change out of a quiet air into a stormy, and that is troubled with winds.  
The most healthful Air. Therefore the most healthful and best air is that which is clear, subtle, and pure, free, and open on every side, exempt from evil evaporations, fens, sinks, clouds, rotten and carrion like smells of dead carcases, standing pools and all corruption, that is, neither is too hot, nor too cold, too dry nor too moist; and this air is the best, both for the preserving of health, and curing of diseases.  
Evil Air. The evil air is quite contrary to the good; as that which is putrid, shut, & pressed up in some narrow place, thick, rotten, near hills, stinks, the sea, and all such towns that stand low, and close, infected with evil and noisome savours; that which is nebulous, and exposed to south wind, and the mouldy putrified air enclosed in habited damp houses and so wants ventulation, and it is the evil air that causes towns situate on or near the sea coast at the end of summer, and in the autumn, to be afflicted with the plague, and divers other dangerous maladies.  
How the air is changed. Now the air is changed five manner of ways; first by the time of the year, secondly by the stars, thirdly by the winds, fourthly by the earth, and fifthly by fumes and vapours.  
Aire is changed by the time of the year, as in spring, summer, autumn, and winter; the spring maketh the air temperate; the summer maketh it hot, and dry, which ought to be corrected by things that are cold, and moist; the autumn cold and dry; the winter cold, and moist, and must be all corrected by their contraries.  
Aire is changed by the stars, by the proximity of the sun to them, or when the stars approach near the sun, that is when they end their course sooner than the sun, by whose nerves the air is heat, and the further from the sun the colder it is.  
By the winds the air is changed, for those places have the healthfullest air where the winds blow freely, as in champion countries, where the people live longer and more free from diseases.  
Aire is also changed by the earth, and that is twofould, the situation and the composure; by the situation divers ways, as the altitude produces cold at least so fare as it is habitable, and likewise depth procures heat; latitude either in plains or mountains for the most part causes temperate air, but the air of the south mountains is cold, and unhabitable; but the north is hotter, because of the reflection of the beams of the Sun, especially betwixt the north line, and Cancer: and the nearness of the sea changes the temperature of the air, as thus: the south sea heats, and dries; the north sea cools, and dries: by composure of the country divers ways also is the air changed, as by the nature whereof it consists; as the rocky countries are cold, and dry; the dirty clayey countries are cold and moist, etc. according to the complexion of the matter it is composed of.  
Vapours and fumes of the earth alter the air, especially such as proceed from fens, moors, and other putrid places, from which an evil savour and breath is exhaled.  
Finally, because air is so powerful in wounds and diseases; the ancient Physicians counselled to change the air if it might possibly be, if not, then to correct and accommodate it by art.   

CAAP. X. Of meat and drink.  
Meat and drink NOurishment is another part of preserving health, and is as necessary as air is: it is either temperate, or intemperate; either of good juice or ill, of easy or hard concoction: The temperate is such meats as taken in due order do cause no distemper in our bodies; as is bread made of wheat; as there are few temperate men, so there are few temperate meats: the intemperate are almost all which by some quality do alter the state of our bodies, as for example, wine, mustard, garlic, leeks, onions, etc. do heat, and so doth pottage made with hot herbs, as hissop, time, etc. Bread made of barley, grapes, and porridge made with cool herbs as sorrel, lettuce, etc. do cool.  
What diet is best. Some kind of nourishments breed phlegm, some choler, some melancholy, and some execrments; those that generate good blood are these, viz. red wine, milk, rear eggs, the flesh of hens and capons, the flesh of birds is to be preferred before any flesh, either kid, or veal, because they generate better juice; for these that are fed tame in the house cannot be so wholesome as those that live in a free, clear air: black, and thick wines breed ill juice, the like doth ox's flesh, goat's flesh, but worst of all is the flesh of bulls, foxes, and asses: bread that is made of yellow, and sweet wheat, well dressed and leavoned is the best for nourishment.  
Pulse. All manner of pulse do breed wind, and increase melancholy: beans that are green are cold and moist and generate crude blood and wind; dry beans are cold and dry, the flower whereof is much used in cataplasms that are to dry and cool, as in hot apostumes of the paps: Rice. Rice is a great binder, and therefore used in clysters to stop a laske; it generates thick juice, and obstruction of the veins, if it be much used. Fish. All fish do of themselves yield a cold and moist nourishment, and much phlegm. But let the quality of meats be never so good, yet too much quantity taken will cause their nourishment to prove evil; for gluttony and intemperance is the maintainer of Physicians; for it destroys more than the sword; but we should eat to live, and not live to eat; therefore we find it best for any man's health to eat so little as he may continually have an appetite, and to perform some exercise to help concoction: likewise to keep a due order and time of eating and drinking. Drink. As for drink, I hold that good clear wine that is of a good colour and taste moderately taken doth nourish: also Beer and Ale that is old and clean is a good drink; but with these must also be observed a moderation, for too much drink destroyeth the digestion, as one very well notes; that the first draught quenches the thirst, the second maketh man joyful, the third drunk, the fourth quite out of his senses.   

CHAP. XI. Of Labour and Rest.  
Labour and rest, and what it is. LAbour is a vehement motion of the body until they be (as we say) out of breath; for by the motion of the joints the heat is increased and carried through the veins, and arteries to the heart; from whence it is that we require a more stronger and oftener breathing, and by this word labour or exercise is comprehended all manner of running, riding, leaping, playing, wrestling, dancing, fencing, and carrying of burdens, and is accounted very necessary for our health: for let iron lie still and it gathers rust, the memory not exercised doth decay, so doth the whole body if it continue in idleness, it gathers together much phlegm, and excrements, which would be dissipated by exercise; for it doth help the natural health, quicken the spirits, make all the senses the better perform their several offices; it openeth the pores of our body, whereby all the excrements are consumed, and wasted; and finally it comforteh all the spirits and members, that they may the better undergo their functions. In exercise, consider first, the time, which is the fittest before meat: and secondly, the manner of the exercise which is general, or particular; general, as playing at ball, and leaping; particular, as when one part only is exercised; as walking exercises the legs, fight the arms, riding stirs the belly, calling and speaking loud exercises the lungs.  
To the exercise of the body may also be added rubbings, and frictions which have been in greater esteem than now they are, and were used in stead of exercises to such bodies as for weakness could use no other; they were performed either with the hands, sponges, or hard linen clothes, which if seldom used do harden and condensate the flesh, but if often they attenuate, rarify, and waste it.  
Now as there are many conveniences by exercise used endue quantity, quality, and time; so is there many inconveniences and dangers proceeding of rest and idleness; as crudities, obstructions, stones in the reins and bladder, gouts, apoplexy, and sundry others; and it not only dulleth the principal instruments of our body, but also of our mind.   

CHAP. XII. Of sleeping, and waking.  
What sleep is. Sleep is a rest and quietness of the whole body, and the cessation of the spirits and faculty animal from sense, and motion, fortifying the strength, helping digestion, and correcting the passions of the mind; it is caused when the brains are possessed with vapours that ascend, which by the coldness of the brains are turned into humours, which close the conduits of the nerves; for when we are waking, the animal faculties, as sense, motion, and all are at work; but when we are sleeping, the natural functions are better performed, because the heat goes into the bowels where by is made digestion, which cannot be made by sleep in the day so well; for the Sun draws the heat and spirits into the outward part of the body; Sleep in the day is hurtful. and therefore sleep in the day is counted hurtful, because being wakened by noise, or by the attraction of the spirits by the Sun, the concoction begun is not perfected, but the stomach filled with crudities, and sour belchings, the brain filled with gross vapours and excrementitious humidities, and is the cause of divers sicknesses, as catarrhs, etc.  
But though sleep in the night time be counted and esteemed wholesome; yet except it be restrained within certain limits, it will prove otherwise; therefore eight hours is sufficient, for longer time hinders the evacuation of the excrements, both upwards and downwards; and the natural heat which is never idle, draws from them some ill vapour into the veins and principal parts of the body, to become some matter for a disease.  
How to sleep. Also in our lying down to sleep we must observe this rule; first to lie one our right side, that the meat may fall more easily into the bottom of the stomach, which is hotter; about an hour after is good to turn on the left side, that so the liver m●y with its lobes as with hands embrace the ventricle, and as a fire under a Furnace may hasten digestion; lie in no wise on your face, nor on your back, for the first causeth defluxions in the eyes, the other inflammations in the reins, and stone, palsies, convulsions, and all diseases that proceed from the spinal marrow; neither must we lie with our hands under our head, for that causeth defluxions of humours on the lights, nor sleep soon after meat: painful sleeping in sickness is no good sign, but altogether dangerous; not painful is a good token.  
Dreams. By dreams we often know the humour that hath dominion, and is superfluous in the body; for the sanguine dreams are of marriages, mirth, dance, gardens, and things pleasant, and libidinous: Choleric dreams are fiery, bright, shining, burning, full of noise, and contention: Phlegmatic dreams are cold, of floods, snows, waters, showers, and falling from high places: Melancholic dreams are sad, of caves, prisons, thick darkness, smokes and dismal things.  
Waking. Much waking corrupteth the brain, and hurts the temperature thereof, debilitateth the senses, altars the spirits, moveth crudities, breedeth heaviness of the head, falling away, and wasting of the flesh, and dissipateth the natural heat, and maketh ulcers very rebellious, and difficult to heal.   

CHAP. XIII. Of Repletion, and Inanition.  
Of fullness. REpletion or fullness is made two ways; either in quantity, or in quality; in quantity, the body being distended with too much meat, drink, and humours, and in so great a quantity that nature cannot overcome, from whence proceed infinite sorts of maladies: in quality, when the meat exceedeth without any defluxion or society of any humour; fullness in quantity is either Repletio ad vasa, or ad vires fullness to the vessels: as when the stomach and veins are so full that they are distended and stretched, that some are forced to vomit up again that which they have taken in so great quantity; fullness to the strength, is when the body is loaded with more meats than it can well bear, or the virtue, force or faculty thereof digest: There is also a fullness of humours caused sometimes by one humour, sometimes by all; when it is by one humour, it is called cacochymia, that is an evil juice, whether it proceed from a choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic, or serous humour; fullness that is caused by all the humours is called plethora by the Greeks', in Latin, plenitude, because it is an equal excess of all the humours.  
Witness what it is. Inanition or evacuation is the expulsion of humours & excrements which are troublesome either in quantity, or quality, and this is either universally or particularly; the universal evacuation is the cleansing of the whole body from superfluous humours by purging, vomiting, sweeting, opening a vein, scarification, friction, bathing, etc. the particular evacuation is only by evacuating, and purging some one part, as the brain is discharged by the nose, , eyes, and ears, the lights by spitting, the stomach by vomiting, the intestines by stool, the liver, spleen, kidneys, and bladder by urine, and this is done either naturally, or artificially, the Physicians art helping nature to perform it.  
Evacuation. Evacuation is very necessary to prevent diseases, because excrements are the original of divers, therefore it is chief commanded that the body be purged, & exonerated; some excrements are good, which are only in quantity excrements, as seed and menstruous blood; others are altogether unprofitable, which are excrements both in quantity and quality, as sweat, urine, and ordure, which are (as I have showed you) general, and the evacuation of the brain which is particular: First therefore, the retention of the seed doth acquire the force of poison in the body, as it happens in young widows that suffer suffocation in the womb; so likewise the overmuch flowing thereof hurts the body as much, for they had as good lose so much blood: this you may perceive in sparrows, which scarce are known to live above two years, and the males less; therefore whosoever desire to preserve their health, Vener. let them not use venery but only to satisfy nature, that is for necessity, not for pleasure: also those that are melancholic and choleric are more prejudiced hereby then the phlegmatic, or sanguine; for the phlegmatic, are freed from many diseases, because the natural heat increased expels phlegm: Age is also to be considered, for young men that are in their flourishing age suffer more hurt then old men, that are cold and dry.  
The immoderate and overmuch use of venery procures divers discomodities, as the faintness of the spirits, forgetfulness, loss of sight, stinking of the mouth, diseases of the joints, as trembling, palsy, gowtes of all kinds, both in feet, hands and fingers, cramps, running of the reins, pissing of blood, shedding of urine unvoluntary, and divers times the French pox, with exulceration of the privities.  
Menstruous flux. The monthly purgation, evacuates not only the humours and ill juice of the belly, but also it cleanseth the body, and whole mass of blood, it diminisheth not the blood at all, but only taketh away the impurity thereof, for the crudest, thinnest, and the most feculent blood is purged by the womb, which if it stayed, would generate many dangerous diseases by its putrefaction; for blood restrained putrifies, therefore in such, that often miss their natural purgations, it is very fit, and necessary that they take decoctions, syrups, or pills, such as are to provoke them.  
Now for the evacuation of tumors, I have seen divers that have died by the unskilfulness of such as had them in cure, or else by their carelessness, by letting the matter flow forth altogether at one time (and not by little and little, and at several times as it should) whereby not a little quantity of the spirits, and heat hath flowed out therewith, and so consequently a dissolution of all the powers.   

CHAP. XIV. Of passions and perturbations of the mind, which are commonly called the accidents of the mind.  
Accidents of the mind. PErturbations or passions of the mind, are the suffering of the mind, either by joy, hope, love, hatred, anger, and the like, which bring great mutations in the body most necessary to be remarked, because of the great chances that ensue thereupon: for by these motions the heat and spirits are sometimes gently, sometimes violently diffused over all the body, for enjoying of the present or future good, or by receiving any affront, whereby many have so exceedingly been moved, that they have died.  
What joy is. joy is an affection of the mind, of a thing good, and pleasant, which recreates and quickens all the faculties, and stirs up the spirits; for it proceeds from the heart moved by the faculty at the thing causing mirth, and the heart thus moved is dilated and ready to receive the exhilarating object, and by the force of the dilatation, it sends forth much heat and spirits together with the blood into all the body, insomuch that oftentimes death ensues, because the heart is altogether destitute of blood.  
What anger is. Anger, is a sudden revocation or calling back the spirits to the external parts with a desire of revenge; it causeth the same effusion of heat in us as joy doth, but fare speedier; it inflameth the whole habitude of the body, spirits, and humours, and also the brains, and nerves.  
Grief. Sorrow, dries and wastes the body by a lingering consumption, because by it the heart is straitened, the heat extinct, and the spirits cannot be generated, nor if any be, yet they cannot freely pass into the members with the blood.  
Fear. Fear, is a motion which calls back and draws in the spirits to the heart by the arteries, and not by little, and little, as sorrow, but suddenly, and violently which suffocateth the natural heat, causeth trembling, maketh the face pale, and the extreme parts cold, with an universal shaking and pulsation of the heart.  
Shame. Shame, is a motion of our body, mixed of anger, and fear; anger for being suspected or known in a fault, and fearing the judgement of others; if fear prevail over anger, the face waxeth pale, the blood running back to the heart, but if anger get the dominion, then on the contrary, the blood runs to the face, and the eyes look red; but there is another kind of shame which we call shamefastness, shamefastness. in which the blood goes, and comes forward, and backward, but it is a gentle motion not hurting the heart, and is familiar to young maids, who often blush by being taken with a fault unawares.  
These things ought to be considered by every practitioner in the curing of any disease; for if any accident happen that shall procure any one or more of these perturbations and passions, you shall easily perceive a sudden alteration in the patiented: Next I shall show you the things against nature, which are such as are apt to weaken and corrupt the state of our body.   

CHAP. XV. Of things against nature, which is the third part of Physic, and first of a disease.  
What are things against nature. THings against nature are three; a disease, the cause of a disease, and a symptom.  
Distemperature. A Disease is an affect against nature, which manifestly hurteth the operations of the body; health is an effect according to nature perfecting the actions of our body: A disease is threefold, distemperature, evil conformation, and solution of continuity; distemperature is a disease, of the similar parts, of itself hurtful; diseases of the similar parts are as many as there are distemperatures, and so many distemperatures as there were at the first, kinds of temperaments; whereof four are simple, as hot, cold, moist, and dry; as many are compound, as hot and moist, cold and dry, cold and moist, hot and dry; the distemperature is called hot, when the natural heat is augmented and increased so much either in all or in part, that it hurts the operations, and so of the rest.  
Evil conformity. Evil conformity is a fault of the organic parts, and ind is called a disease in number, as when some thing abounds, or somewhat wants that is needful towards the undergoing of the function of the organic part; as if a hand have four or six fingers, it cannot so well take hold on any thing; if a man have but one testicle or more than two, he is not so fit for generation: Also such things as grow against naure and adhere to some p●rt, as a polypus in the nose, a caruncle in the conduit of the yard and the like; these are diseases in number, but if a member be cut off either in part or in all, it is a disease of defect, and of this sort are all such things as are contrary to nature, as the stone, worms, and the like: likewise if an arm or a leg be too long, or too short, or if any part be either bigger or lesser then is necessary, it is called a disease of greatness; for nature hath given to every part a certain kind of species, and bigness, which if it exceed, or be less, than it is not right: if the testicles, paps, or the belly wax so big, that the actions are thereby hindered, it is called a disease of increased greatness in one part, as when the tongue is longer or shorter than it should be, it hinders the speech; But besides the number of the parts, and the just number of the parts, and the squall proportion, it is required, that they have a right situation, and that they join all together as nature hath appointed in a well composed body; from hence it is that if any member be out of joint, if the intestines fall down into the flank or cod, if the right gut come out, it is called a disease in situation, whereto pertains the growing together of the lips, fingers, and secret parts of women, either from the birth, or by an ulcer.  
Besides number, magnitude, and situation is also required, a conformation of the instrument, which consists of four things; 1 the figure, 2 the cavity, 3 the smoothness, 4 the roughness: some have their nostrils either by nature or accident depressed and closed, some their nose either turning too much up, or pressed too much down, which we call a disease in figure, also crooked legs are called a disease in figure; if the pores of the skin, the veins, arteries, nerves, or uceters, are too big and wide, or too narrow, and small, or crushed by some neighbouring part, it is called a disease in the passage, or hollowness, the like if the guts are stopped: when the part made by nature light, becomes heavy; as the aspera arteria, whose inner coat ought to be light, if it be made heavier, or sharper by some acride distillation, or if the part which ought to be rough, as the ventricle, womb, and guts, the better to contain, if they be made light or smooth, as it happens to the guts affected with a flux, and to women with child, who miscarry by reason of the slipperiness of the womb, it is called a disease of roughness, or smoothness.  
A solution of continuity. A distemperature only hurts the actions of the similar parts; an organical disease hurts the instrument: but a solution of continuity, as an ulcer, a wound, a fracture, a luxation, and tumours against nature, do hurt both the operations of the similar parts, & trouble and hinder the use of the instruments, and therefore are called common diseases; a fracture in a bone is called a solution of continuity, in a nerve a convulsion, in a ligament a divulsion, in the skin the excoriation, in the flesh a wound, ulcer, rapture, contusion, a rapture of the fleshy part, as of a muscle, and sometimes of a vein or artery is a solution without a wound; a wound is a solution of continuity in the fleshy part from an outward cause, an ulcer from an inward cause, as a sharp corroding humour.   

CHAP. XVI. Of the causes of diseases.  
The causes of diseases. THE cause of a disease is an affect against nature which causes the disease, which is either external or internal: the external is that which is outwardly and evidently upon our bodies, as strokes, falls, shot, wounds, etc. the internal have their seat in the body, and are divided into an antecedent, and a conjunct; the conjunct is it which nearest and immediately causes the disease, as the blood, which causeth a phlegm: the antecedent doth not actually cause a disease but procures matter and stirs it up almost to the making of a disease, but between it and the disease are some causes placed, as abundance of humours, and ill digestion, and these things must chiefly be considered, before we think of expelling the disease, because How to remove a disease. diseases are first cured by removing the cause antecedent, and then the causes conjunct: The external aught to be known because they breed diseases internal and wonderfully change the body, therefore to be sought with all diligence, that they bring us to the knowledge of the hidden internal diseases: The external are either not to be avoided and amended, but necessarily enter into our bodies, as air, meat, and drink, labour, and rest, sleep, and watching, repletion, and evacuation, and perturbations of the mind; or to be avoided, and unnecessary, as war, wounds by swords, or stones, and the like.  
The cause of a disease cometh sometimes from the corrupt matter whereof they are generated, as when either the father or mother is not sound, then needs must the seminal matter be infected, and thus the disease is called hereditary, some are ingendrd after our birth; as by the evil regiment of life, by strokes, falls, etc. as you have heard.   

CHAP. XVII. Of a simptome.  
What a Simptome is. THere is (as I have showed you before) three affects contrary to nature; the cause of a disease, the disease, and a simptome; the cause goeth before the disease, a simptome accompanies it, just as the shadow goeth with the body: in the general signification it is called any thing whatsoever that chanceth to man contrary to nature, for whether it be cause, or a disease, yet if they come in a disease and are over, and above nature, they are properly called simptomes.  
There be three kinds of a simptome; first when the action is hurt, which may be done three ways, they m●y be abolished, diminished and weakened or depraved; as when an eye is blind, the action of seeing is depraved, or abolished; dulness of sight is a diminution or weakening thereof, and a suffusion which happeneth in the beginning of a cataract is a deprivation of the sight.  
The second is the immoderate evacuation or retention of excrements, as by retaining such as should be evacuated, and expelling those as should be retained; as bleeding in a sound heathfull body that is not plethoric, and retention of the courses in women, urine, and stone in the bladder.  
The third is a simple affect of the body, or a mutation of some qualities contrary to nature, as the scab of the flesh to a leprosy.  
Thus I have showed you the brief introduction to the art of physic, whereof I have only gathered together the chief and principal heads, because it is so largely discoursed on by others, yet out of such a magazine, I thought it not amiss to extract a small proportion, briefly to instruct the practitioner in the chiefest things belonging and necessarily to be considered in the administration of medicaments; for the chiefest thing that belongs to a Physician is to know the causes of things, which the ancient Philosophers got by admiration of the fabric; next I shall show you the exposition of some words difficult to be understood, and so (as briefly as I can) proceed to the medicaments.   

CHAP. XVIII.  
Ill days. Critical days be such days on which there is or may be perceived some manifest alteration in a sick body, either to health, death, or continuance of sickness, and are very necessary to be observed; the critic day doth often happen after the beginning of the sickness, the 3. 5. 7. 9 11. 14. 17. 21. 28. day, in which days neither medicines, nor bloudings should be used, neither any natural, or voluntary evacuation be stopped, as flux of the belly, bleeding at the nose, urine, sweat, vomiting, flux of the hemorrhoids or courses in women; some follow the egyptians rule in observing certain days, wherein if any fall sick or be hurt they shall hardly escape, which are these, the 1. and 7. of january, the 3. and 4. of February, the 1. and 4. of March, the 8. and 10. of April, the 2. and 7. of May, the 10. and 15. of june the 10. and 13. of july, the 3. and 2. of August, the 3. and 10. of September, the 3. and 10. of October, the 3. and 5. of November, the 7. and 10. of December; As likewise the 10. of August, the 1. of December, and the 6. of April, are observed by Philosophers as perilous to take any surfeit therein by overmuch eating: It is likewise observed by an ancient Philosopher Arabian, that there are three mondays in the year very unfortunate either to let blood or begin any work of importance viz. the first monday in April, on the which Cain was borne, and his brother Abel slain: the first monday in August, the which day Sodom, and Gommorha were consumed: And the last monday of December on the which judas Iscariot was borne, who killed his father, married his mother, and betrayed his master, our Saviour. And these three mundays with Childermas day which is the eight and twentieth of December, are by divers scholars held unfortunate to all men, and subject to divers mishaps. Good days. Some days there are also which are observed by old writers to be very fortunate days, for any business to be undertaken in; also that children borne in those days should never be poor, children put to school in those days should be rich and the like: the days are these; the 3. and 13. of january; the 5. and 28. of February; the 3. 22. and 30. of March; the 5. 22. and 29. of April; the the 4. and 28. of May; the 3. and 8. of june; the 12. 13. and 15. of july; the 12. of August; the 1. 7. 24. and 28. of September; the 4. and 15. of October; the 13. and 19 of November; the 23. and 26. of December; and this shall suffice for the opinions of the more curious sort of the learned. Of the fourth part of Physic which is of the signs of diseases presaged by the urine, stool, pulse, sweat, vomit, blood, astrological signs, crisis, etc. I shall treat of in the next impression, having not so much time now as scarce to finish the fift part as it should be.   

CHAP. XIX.  
Bleeding. Phlebotomy or bloudletting is an incision artificial of a v●in evacuating the blood with the rest of the humours: it was first invented by the river horse inh●biting in Nilus that famous river of Eg●p●, who when he finds himself charged with overmuch blood, by rubbing his thigh against the sh●rp bank opens a vein, and discharges the superfluous blood, which he stoppeth likewise when he sees convenient time by rolling it in the thick mud.  
Phlebotomy is not used in children before 14, nor in old men after fourscore without great necessity; also the strength of the party must be considered that the quantity of blood evacuated may be according; and if it be only for preserving of health, let it be neither in summer nor winter but in the spring time, and in the morning before the day grow hot.  
The vein in the forehead being opened is good for pain in the hinder part of the head, which place first ought to be fomented with warm water: The veins of the tongue are opened aslant in a squinancy, without any ligatures about the neck; the inner vein of the left arm is opened for disease in the lungs; the liver is purged by the inner vein of the right arm; the womb by the vein under the ankle; but for the gout, or megrim, it is not amiss to open the vein of the part affected.  
Draw blood from the sanguine, the moon being in Taurus, Virgo, or Capricorn; from the phlegmatic in Aries, or Sagittarius; from the choleric in Cancer, or Pisces; from the melancholic in Libra, or Aquarius, but beware you open not a vein in that part where the sign is, because it hath been often found very dangerous, unless necessity urge, but by no means let it be upon a critical day; for than it is not good to administer any medicine, purge, or bleed, as I shown you before. Three days were observed of the ancients wherein they would by no means let blood; the first of August, the fourth of September, the eleventh of March.  
Now blood is let by opening of a vein for five principal respects, the first is to lessen the abundance of blood as in phlethorick bodies: The second is to divert, as when a vein in the right Arm is op●ned to stay the bleeding of the left nostril. The third is to allure or draw down, as when the s●phona is opened to draw down the courses in women: The first is for alteration or introduction of another quality, as when in sharp fevers a vein is opened to draw out that blood which is hot, and cool that which remains behind: The fifth is to prevent diseases, as in the spring and autumn we open a vein in such as are subject to spitting of blood, squinancy, pleurisy, falling sickness, apoplexy, madness, gout, or in such as are wounded to prevent inflammation.  
Arteriotomie is the incision of an Artery and is much used now a days chiefly in the temples, and behind the ears, for catarrhs, and defluxions in the eyes, breast, and maladies of the head, and inveterate headache.   

CHAP. XX.  
BOxing or cupping is the application of some instrument, either for the evacuation of some humour under the skin, or to divert the course of some humour to an other part, and to draw away such things as are hurtful to nature; they are for the most part of glass with wide bellies, and are sometimes applied with scarification and sometimes without: the way to apply them is thus, put into the glass a little dry flax and stick it to the bottom of the glass with a little wax, then light the flax with fire and apply the glass to the place, when the flesh is swollen up, press it about the edges, and the glass will fall off: then with an incision knife scarify the place a little, and apply the cupping-glasses as before, and draw as much blood as shall seem convenient; then dry the place with a soft cloth and anoint it with oil of Roses and sleep a while after.  
Leaches Where cupping-glasses cannot be applied there we put horseleeches as to the gums, nose, fingers, womb, and fundament; anoint the place first with the blood of some other creature that they take hold the more eagerly, and apply them to the place holding them in a linen cloth, for if you handle them in your bare hand they will be stomachful, and will not by't; when they are filled with blood and fall off, then either apply more leeches or else cupping-glasses; to cause them to fall off, you shall put some powder of aloes, salt, or ashes upon their heads, also if you desire to know how much blood they have sucked, sprinkle them with salt powdered, and they will vomit it up again, if you cut off their rails as they are sucking they will have no end of sucking until you put them off, if the part bleed much after the leeches are off, you shall cleave a bean in two, and press the one half upon the place and bind it on, or burnt cotton, applied will stay it.  
What leches are the best. Note that those that have the head greater than the rest of the body, and are green coloured, glittering with blue rays on the back the rest of the body being black, are in no wise to be applied to any place for they are very dangerous; but choose such as are found in clear water in ponds, and sandy ground, that have their heads little and bodies small, round, red bellied, the backs striped like threads of gold, and those must be kept in a jar glass in clean water, changing the water once in two or three days, putting into the water a few crumbs of white bread.   

CHAP. XXI.  
Making of issues. THat kind of potential cautery which is used now adays amongst the common sort is only to make an issue either in the legs, thighs, or arms, to clear the blood by some disease corrupt, or to draw humours from some place, and is done after this manner: Take the bark of an ash tree and burn it to ashes, then immediately while they are hot bind them up, hard in a linen cloth, the bigness of a pistol bullet, and (having marked the place) you shall dip the cloth into warm water and so hold it very hard upon the place with the other hand on the contrary side, that so you may hold it the harder: hold it thus about half an hour or something more, and then it will have mortified the place that it will look black, then take away the caustick and apply two Ivy leaves pricked with a sharp stick, or bone, and over it brown p●per with a compress of linen cloth, and so bind it up, dress it twice a day until the core come out which will be in 6. or 7. days; then put into it a white pease or a bullet made of white w●x, and dress it as before; if it chance to grow over with proud flesh, you may roll your pease in  Allome powdered, and so put it into the issue.  
To know the right place wherein to make an issue. You shall know the right place thus; put your finger on the inside of your thigh three or four fingers above the knee, and move the leg up and down, and if you feel no nerve nor muscle move under your finger, there you may safely apply your cauter; and if it be sore before the core come out, you shall anoint it with unguentum album, or populeon, described hereafter.   

CHAP. XXII. Weights and measures used in physic are these that follow with their marks and notes.  
A Pound medicinal is 12. ounces lib. An ounce is 8 dams ℥. 3 Scruples or 60 grains make a dram ʒ. 20 Grains make a Scruple ℈. 2 Oboli make a Scruple obol. A Grain gr. A Handful m. As much as one can take up between his finger and thumb p. As much as one can drink at a reasonable draught cyath. A quart q. Half or semis ss. Of each one a like much ana.  
   Measures. Roots by these notes. ℥ ʒ. p. m. A Cochlear in sirupes contains half an ounce in distilled waters ʒ iij. Ciathus is ℥ ●ss. Barks ℥ ʒ. Seeds ℥. ʒ. Hemina which is also called Cotyla ℥ x. Fruits an. p ℥ ʒ ℈. Libra ℥ xij. Flowers p. m. ℥ ʒ. Sextarius ℥ xviij. Pulses p. ℥ ʒ. Congius is vi. Sextaries.  
Numero n. Recipe R. Sufficient quantity q. s. Aequail portion p. ae.   

CHAP. XXII. A Catalogue of such instruments as are requisite in private house: for those that are desirous to compound medicines themselves.  

FIrst a great Mortar of marble, and another of brass.  
A rowler to roll lozenges.  
Spatulaes' of all sizes.  
Copper pans to make Decoctions.  
An iron ladle to prepare lead.  
A grinding stone and mullet.  
Pulping sieves.  
Hair sieve covered.  
Hippocras bags.  
Little cotton blankets for straining.  
Scales and weights.  
Presses.  
Raspes to raspe heart's horn, quinces, etc.  
A square wooden frame with nails at each corner to hold the strainers.  
An incision knife.  
A levatory.  
Probes.  
Sirings to make injections.  
Forceps to draw teeth.  
A lancet and cupping-glasses.  
Galley pots and boxes of all sorts to keep sirups, oils, etc.  
Glasses for cordial powders.  
Cauteries to make issues.  
Pipes with fenestells, and needles fit for future's.  
Ligatures, bands, swaths, of woollen, and linen.  
Powder to stay blood.  
Pledgets, compresses, bolsters.  
A bathing chair.  
A limbeck and small still with receivers, as for other things you may furnish yourself as need shall require.    

CHAP. XXIV. For the better understanding of some hard words used in this work you must note that,  

ATtenuate, to make thin.  
Astringent, binding.  
Abstergent, to wipe.  
Agglutinate, to glue or fasten together.  
Asthma, an inveterate cough.  
Attractive, drawing,  
Calefie, to heat.  
Cicatrize, to skin a sore.  
Corroborate, to strengthen.  
Compress, a linen cloth often folded.  
Discutient, to discuss or dissolve.  
Ditergent, to cleanse.  
Digest, to put over the meat,  
Dissipate, to scatter.  
Decoction, the boiled liquour of any thing.  
Detersive, cleansing.  
Dilate, to open wide.  
Emollient, to soften.  
Effusion, sh●dding.  
exhilarate, to make merry.  
Extenuate, to make thin.  
Excrescent, growing up.  
Exciccate, to dry.  
Humect, to moisten.  
Indurate, to wax hard.  
Incarnate, to fill with flesh  
Lenitive, mild or gentle.  
Levigate, to make light, or to ease.  
Ligature, a binding of linen cloth.  
Refigerate, to cool.  
Repercusse, to beat back.  
Repress, to beat down.  
Sextarius, a pint and a half.  
Suppurate, ro●t.  
Vulnerary potion, a drink healing wounds.    

CHAP. XXV. What a Medicine is, and the difference of Medicines.  
Medicines. A Medicine is that which hath power to change the body according to one or more qualities, and that such as cannot be changed into our nature, the contrary whereof is that nourishment which may be turned into the substance of our bodies.  
From Beasts. All sorts of Medicines may be had from Beasts, Plants, Earth, Water, & Air; from Beasts some we take whole, of some but part, we ofttimes in Physic use whole creatures, as Foxes, Whelps, Vipers, Cantarides, Frogs, Snails, Worms, Serpents; We also use some parts of them, as Liver, Heart, or Brains; also of the Bones, as a Man's Scull, Marrow, Grease, Blood; likewise of the Excrements, as Hair, Urine, Dung, Spittle, Horns, Honey, Wax, Wool, Swear.  
From Plants. Medicines are taken from Plants sometimes whole, as Succory, Mallows, Plantain, and the like, we use often whole; sometimes only the roots of Plants, the Pith, Wood, Bark, Leaves, Blossoms, Seeds, Fruits, juices, Gums, Oils, Mosses, Rosines, and the like.  
From the Earth. Medicines taken from the Earth, are either Earth's, Stones, or Minerals; the sorts of Earth, are Bolearmenick, Terra sigillata, Fuller's earth, Chalk, Day; Stones are the Pumix, Marchisite of Gold, Silver, Brass, Marble, the Loadstone, Chalk, Limestone; Metals and Minerals are Gold, Silver, Brass, Iron, Led, Tin, Steel, Brimstone, Litharge of Gold and Silver, Antimony, Cerus, Verdigreace, Allome, Vitriol, Salts of sundry kinds.  
From Water. From Fresh water, Rain water, Spring water, River water, water Lentile, common Flags, Water-lilies, and all such creatures as live therein; from the salt Water, Salt, Coral, Shells, Sponges, and all Sea creatures; from Waters mixed of salt and fresh, Asphaltum, the herb Androsace, etc.  
From the Air. Medicines from the air are Manna, Honey, Dew, and the like.  
Now all these sorts of Medicines are endued with one or more of the four faculties.  


The simple quality is either to  
Heat, or  
Cool.  
Humect, or  
Dry.   

The compound arising from two joined qualities, either  
Heats and dries.  
Heats & moistens.  
Cools and dries.  
Cools & moistens.    
The effect of these qualities is distinguished into these orders which we term degrees, that they may resist a disease in the same measure and proportion; The first degree doth alter and change somewhat obscurely, The second manifestly, The third with great efficacy and vehement labour, The fourth excessively altars and expels sense by its violence.  
As for an example of Heat, warm water is temperate, that which is a little hotter is in the first degree of heat, if manifestly hot, it is in the second degree, but if heat more vehemently, it may be thought to come to the third, but if it scald, than it is arrived at the fourth degree of heat.  
Temperate Medicines be such as do manifestly neither Heat, Coole, Moisten, nor Dry; intemperate Medicines are those that are plainly hot or cold.  
2 The second faculties of Medicines depend upon the first, as of heat to rarify, attract, open, attenuate, levigate, cleanse; on the contrary, as of cold to condense, repercusse, shut up, incrassate, exasperated, constipate; of moisture, to soften and relax; of dryness, to harden and stiffen.  
3 The third faculty of Medicines is to agglutinate, fill with flesh, to cicatrize, assuage pain, move or stay Urine, Milk, Seed, Courses, Sweat, Vomits, and the like. The generation of flesh proceeds from two of the faculties, drying, and cleansing, heat only mittigateth pain.  
4 The fourth faculty of Medicines is that which causeth the Medicine to work upon one part or humour, and not upon another, as some purge the head, some the stomach, some the guts, some phlegm, some melancholy, and the like.   

CHAP. XXVI. The form of making Medicines. Of Clysters.  
Clysters. A Clyster is a Medicine cast into the bowels by the fundament, and is made of Roots, Seeds, Fruits, Flowers, flesh of Beasts, Oil, Honey, and the like; the quantity is according to the disposition of the Patient, as half a pound, one pound, or three quarters of a pound: As for example, Take Mallows, Violets, Althaea, leaves of Willow, water Lilies, seethe them, and put to the decoction Cassia fistula, Sugar, oil of Violets, and of Roses, which profiteth much in Strangury. The manner of giving a Glister is thus; when it is strained and cooled sufficiently, you shall have the pipe ready, with a bladder and a cork fitted to the pipe, with a thread to pull it out when you have put up the pipe, then stop the pipe with the cork, and pour the decoction into the bladder, and tie the bladder fast, and let the Patient put it up into his fundament, lying on his bed, on his right side, and nothing about his belly to gird it, then pull out the cork by the thread, and with the hand by little and little crush up the Glister, and let him retain it about half an hour if he can.   

CHAP. XXVII. Of Suppositaries.  
Suppositaries. A Suppositary is a certain long round Medicament which is put into the fundament to provoke the expulsive faculty; their form is round and longish like a wax Candle, and are made of weak things, as the roots of Beets, the stalks of Mallows; or of strong purging Powders, as Hiera without salt; or sharp, as with Scamomy, or with Honey; as for example, boil Honey until it wax thick and hard, and make thereof a Suppositary in form aforesaid, and let the Suppositaries be four, five, or six fingers in length.   

CHAP. XXVIII. Of Nodules.  
Nodules. A Nodule is made up in the form of a Filbert or Beane, and is used against clefts and swell in the fundament; they are made of gentle Medicines, as the yolks of Eggs with a little Salt and Butter tied-up in Cloth or Wool, and a thread left to draw it out by, they are used as Suppositaries are.   

CHAP. XXIX. Of Pessaries.  
Pessaries. A Pessary is thicker and longer than a Suppositary, & is appointed for the womb; it is made of Wax, or of Cloth, or Cotton, or of Lint, first dipped in an ointment, and wound about with silk, and a thread hanging thereat, that it may be easily drawn forth; they are used in all diseases of the womb, and for the stopping of the monthly visits; as for example, a Pessary against the suffocation of the Mother is made thus, R. Benjoini, Styracis, Carioph. ana ʒ i gall. mosch. ℥ ss. moschi, gr. vi. Fiat pulvis, this being made up with Cotton, may be put into the body.   

CHAP. XXX. Of juleps.  
juleps. A julep differs from a Syrup only thus; a Syrup is more boiled than a julep is, and a julep is only simple without the permixtion of any other decoction with it; also a julep is any kind of Syrup dissolved in sodden water, as the Syrup of Roses, Violets, etc.   

CHAP. XXXI. Of Pills.  
Pills. PIlls are easily made by putting together the ingredients according as you shall find fitting to the disease, and so with some convenient Syrup, as Maidenhair, or with Hydromel, or some other Liquor, they are form to the bigness of a small Pease.  
As for the rest, they are so easily made, as that I need not prolong myself in treating of them, these I have only showed the meaner sort of people, and such as I know, though they had the simples ready, yet could not tell how to compound them as they ought to be.  
Next I shall show you the making of all kinds of Unguents, Oils, Emplasters, Syrups, Electuaries, etc. which are necessary to be used in any private house. And also the nature and effect of every Medicine, which many that have published them have neglected to do, and also have failed in the true setting of them down, which might drive the practiser into a great error.   

Unguents. CHAP. XXXII.  

To make Vnguentum aureum.  
1 R. Yellow Wax ℥ vi. good Oil lib. two. Turpentine ℥ two. Rosin and Colophoni ℥ i ss. Olibanum, Mastic, ana. ℥ i. Saffron ʒ i make an Unguent. First dissolve the Wax in the Oil, then put in the rest of the things finely bruised; when they are dissolved take it from the fire, and put in your Turpentine. It doth mildly deterge wounds, agglutinate and safely cure them.   

Vnguentum Enulatum.  
2 R. Root of Elecampane sod in Vinegar and bruised, lib. i. Hog's grease, Oil, ana. ℥ iii. new Wax ℥ i. Quicksilver extinct, Turpentine washed, ana. ℥ two. common Salt beaten, ℥ ss. Melt the grease and wax in the Oil, then add the Enula campana, Quicksilver and Salt, lastly the Turpentine, kill the Quicksilver with a little Grease and Turpentine. This ointment is marvellous effectual against the Itch, or Scabs, either dry or moist.   

Vnguentum Populeon.  
3 R. Of the buds of Popular fresh gathered lib. i. macerate them in lib. iii. of fresh swine's grease prepared for the space of two months, than R. of the leaves of red Poppy, leaves of Mandrake, leaves of Henbane, tender crops of Brambles, Nightshade, Lettuce, Houseleek, Stone crop, great Burrs, Penny grass, ana. ℥ iii. good Wine lib. i bruise them & mix them with the buds of Popular, then set them in a warm place for eight days, then add one pint of strong Vinegar, and boil them till it be consumed, which may be perceived by casting a little thereof into the fire, then strain it forth and put it up. This Unguent assuageth Phlegmons, burning of Agues, heat of the Head, and Kidneys, and anointed upon the Temples procureth sleep.   

Vnguentum Aegyptiacum.  
4 R. Verdigreace ℥ v. good Honey ʒ xiiii. strong Vinegar ʒ seven. all these being boiled together until it be thick, and of a purple colour, this doth forcibly cleanse ulcers inveterate, and fistulous, and doth consume proud spongious, and dead flesh.   

Vnguentum Apostolorum.  
5 R. Turpentine, white Wax, Rosine, anaʒ xuj. Opponaxe, Verdigreace, anaʒ two. Ammoniacum ʒ xuj. long Aristolochia, great Incense anaʒ vi. Myrrh and Galbanum anaʒ iii. Bdellium ʒ vi. Litharge ʒ ix. Oil lib. two. make an ointment, mingle the lethargy with two ounces of Oil, and let them stand five hours, then boil it gently until it be thick as Honey, always stirring it, then take it from the fire and put to the Wax and Rosin, being dissolved with the rest of the Oil; then whiles it is cooling, put to the rest of the Gums dissolved in Vinegar boiled and incorporated with the Turpentine, than the Aristolochia, Myrrh, and Frankincense are to be mingled, and lastly, the Verdigrease finely powdered, and sprinkled in. This Unguent doth by detersion purge Wounds and rebellious Ulcers, and Fistulaes', wasteth dead Flesh, and increaseth new.   

Vnguentum Album.  
6 R. Cerus ℥ iiii. lethargy ℥ ss. lay them a good space in Rosewater, than put them into a Mortar, and by little and little pour in so much Rose oil as they can drink up, continually stirring and tempering them, until they come to the form of an Unguent, then add thereto a little white Vinegar, and of Camphire ʒ i ss. It is cooling, assuageth Pain and Inflammation, and is good for Scabs, Itch, and Excoriation.   

Vnguentum Vulpinum, or Ointment of a Fox.  
7 Take a Fox, and draw out the Entrails, then take Sage, Rosemary, juniper leaves, and berries, Dill, wild Marjoram of the Garden, Lavender, Camomile, of each half a pound, stamp these herbs in a Mortar of stone very finely, then cut the Fox in pieces, and put him with the herbs into a vessel of eight gallons, and put to four pints of Oil Olive, Oil of Neat's feet one pound, Calf's suet, Dear suet, Goose grease, Brockes grease, of each one pound and a half, of Sea-water three quarts, and as much of good Malmsey, set all together on the fire, and boil it till the Wine and Water be consumed, and that the flesh and bones be separated asunder; then take it from the fire and strain it, and press it through a strong Canvasse cloth, and so reserve it to your use as a most precious ointment against all Aches, and to restore Limbs and joints lamed through pain of the Gout.   

Unguent of Saint Cosme and Damian.  
8 R. Pimpernell, Vervine, Betony, ana m. i. stamp them, and put to them of white Wine lib. two. ss. boil them together in a tinned vessel to the wasting of three parts, then strain them, and set the decoction over the fire again in a glazed vessel, then R. Turpentine washed ℥ vi. Rosin washed lib. i new white Wax ℥ iiii. when they are melted altogether in the same glazed pot, add to them Mastic powdered ℥ i. of the Milk of a woman giving suck to a Male and a Female Child ana ℥ two. boil them to a perfect body, it availeth for all Wounds, and namely of the Sinews, also for Cankers, Fistulaes', and S. Anthony's fire.   

A very good ointment for any Ache, or Bruise, for any Noise in the head, or to draw out a Thorn.  
9 R. Rosin, and a little red Deeres suet, and a little Camphire, and a little white Wine, let them boil a walm or two after all the Suet is melted, then strain it into white Wine, and beat it until it come to an ointment, than put it up in pots, and when you use it you shall chafe the Part before the fire very well, and then anoint it.   

An Ointment of the Worms of the earth, good to strengthen the Back, to cool it, and take away the Ache.  
10 R. A great platterfull of long Worms of the earth, lay them upon Fennell, or such like to scour, the space of four and twenty hours, then chop them small, and put to them a quart of Neats-foot Oil, then take a platterfull of field Daisies chopped very small, all save the roots, (let them be a platterfull when they are chopped) and put them to the Oil and Worms, then boil them together upon a soft fire for two hours, then strain it and keep it for your use: it is to be made either in April, or about Michaelmas.   

An Ointment for a Bruise, and Swelling, also for the Piles.  
11 R. Of red Sage ℥ seven. of Rue ℥ iii. of Camomile, Bays, Wormwood, ana ℥ iiii. of Mutton suet lib. i. bruise all these well together in a Mortar, than set them in an earthen Pot nine days well and close stopped in the earth, then boil them in a quart of Oil, and strain it forth and keep it for your use.   

An Ointment which I used with good success to a woman who had a pain in her Hip, without any tumour proceeding from the retention of her monthly Visits.  
12 R. Camomile, Rosemary, ana m. i twinings of Vines m. ss. Plantain p. stamp them together, and put them into a jar Glass, and put on it a quart of good Oil Olive, and let it stand a day or two in the Sun, than set a skillet of water on the fire, and when it is scalding hot, stop the jar Glass close, and put it into the water, and keep the water ever scalding hot, but when it hath been in almost an hour, then let it boil a little, and then take it out, and strain it, and anoint the place every night, and after bathing: the manner of the Bath I shall speak of hereafter.   

An ointment for the face after the Fox are dried, to cause them to fall off without leaving any Marks.  
13 R. Of Oil of bitter Almonds ℥ two. put thereto of Parmacetae ℥ ss. and anoint the face with a feather.   

Another for the same, and which mightily clears the skin.  
14 R. Of fat Bacon lib. i cut it in thin slices, and hang it in a string before the fire that it may melt, and let it drop into a quarter of a pint of Plantain water, and when it is all melted let it cool, and then beat it out of the water with a clean spatula, and wash it in three or four several waters more of Plantain, then put to it a penny weight of Parmacetae, and a pennyworth of white Rose water, and beat them well together, and anoint the face with a feather.   

An ointment for Aches and Bruises, Stitches, Gout, and Lameness.  
15 R. Sage, Rue, ana lib. i crops of Wormwood, Bayleaves, Rosemary ana m. i. Sheep's suet clean picked from the skin lib. ss. Oil Olive a pottle, shred the herbs and suet small, and then stamp and work them together very small, then put in the Oil, and temper them well, and let them stand close stopped the space of seven days, than set it to the fire, and as it melteth stir it till the herbs are parched, then take it off and strain it, and with this anoint the place.   

An ointment for a burne or scald.  
16 R. Incontinently the white of an Egg beaten with Oil of Roses, Omphacine, and a little juice of Plantain, Nightshade, and Houseleek, and with a feather anoint the place.   

Vnguentum de Calcantho, good for old Ulcers, Mundifieth evil flesh, and Incarnateth.  
17 R. Of Swine's grease, Calves, and Cow's suet, ana lib. ss. Celidony, Alleluia, Plantain, Woodbine, Houndstongue ana m. i. Lime thrice quenched with water lib. ss. Calcantum Pulverizatum ℥ i. Verdigrease, ʒ x. stamp them, and leave them together seven days, than put thereto water of Plantain, Wine of Pomegranates, ℥ iiii. then seethe them with a soft fire till the Water and Wine be consumed, and so strain them with a thick cloth, then put to it Litharge Auri & Argenti ℥ iiii. Bolearm. Terr. sigillat. Minii, ana ℥ i. clear terebent ℥ iii. let them seethe again, and make a black ointment with sufficient white Wax.   

An ointment for an Ache.  
18 R. Two or three nests of quick Swallows, tender of Strawberries, Rue, Lavender-cotton, Bay-leaves, Wormwood, Horehound, Rednettle crops ana m. i. the gall of an Ox, black Snails, n. 6. Oil Olive half a pint, then stamp the Swallows whole feathers and guts with all the aforesaid things very small, than you shall melt a quantity of May-butter in a frying pan, and then put in all the other things, and fry them well together, always stirring it that it may not burn; Lastly, strain it through a linen Bag, and you have the ointment.   

A precious Ointment against all Pains, and Griefs.  
19 R. Rosemary leaves, Sage, Time, Polimountaine, Hyssop, Marigolds, Rue, Wormwood, Marjoram, Valerian, Mouseare, Hartstongue, Bloodwort, Merch, Seagreene, gather these Herbs with the Flowers, and Blowing of each m. iij. seethe them in iij quarts of Water, until the Water be consumed to a quart, then put to them a pound and a half of Barrowes grease, Deeres Suet, lib. i Dogs fat lib. ss. Cat's fat, lib. ss. Rosewater pint i. Aquae composita ℥ vi. seethe these a good while, stirring them well, then strain them through a rough cloth, and take off the scum with a Feather, and let it stand till the morrow, then seethe it once again, and strain it, and keep it for thy use.   

A good Ointment to cleanse a Sore, both old, or new.  
20 R. Turpentine ℥ two. washed well in Barley water, lib. ss. put to it Yolkes of new laid Eggs, nu. vi. Honey of Roses, or, common Honey, ℥ iiii. mingle them, and make the Tents, or Pledgets therewith.   

An Ointment for Scabs, Ringworms, or any other breaking out.  
21 R. Oil of Roses, ℥ iiii. Wax iiii. d. weight, melt them together, then take lethargy of Gold, Ceruse ana. ℥ ss. Powder them and mingle them with the Oil, and Wax in a Mortar, than put thereto the white of a new laid Egg, and half an ounce of Quicksilver mortified, and use it every Morning and Evening.  
To mortify the Quicksilver you shall put it into a Viol with fasting Spittle, and work it up and down until it become like ashes, than put it to your stuff.   

A good Ointment for the Spleen.  
22 R. Bryony roots, the pith taken out, Marsh Mallow roots, or red Hollyhocke roots, the pith taken out ana. lib. i. seethe them in Water until the Roots be soft, stamp them in a Mortar, and strain them through a Strainer till the thickness be come through, then take of sour leavened Bread ℥ iiii. Boar's grease li. ss. mingle them altogether well in the Mortar, with white Wine Vinegar iiii. spoonfuls.  
First in the morning rub your Spleen with a course warm Cloth, until the skin wax red, then lay upon it a piece of blue  cloth, wet in the Water of a man child, as hot as may be suffered, and when the Cloth waxeth cold, take it away, and dry the Skin with a warm cloth, and anoint the place with some of the ointment aforesaid, warmed in a Saucer, and rub it well in, then lay upon it a Quilt of black wool, and do thus every morning till it be well.   

An Ointment for burning or scalding.  
23 R. Sweet Cream q. i. Ferne roots m. i. washed and cut in small pieces, boil them in the Cream in an earthen Pot, until they jelly; when you will use it chafe a little in your hand with a Spatula, and apply it to the Sore until it be whole.   

Vnguentum Aleblastrum.  
24 R. Crops of the red Bryer stamped small, m. vi. add thereto of white Wine one pottle, of Rue, m. i. of the flowers or leaves of Camomile, ℥ i. powder of Aleblaster ℥ two. Fennell seed ℥ i. Oil of Roses lib. ss. Wax ʒ ss. put all together except the Camomile and the Wax, than put them on the fire to infuse, and when it seethes put in the Wax and Camomile, and boil it well until the Wine be consumed, and when it is cold, take the whites of five Eggs and mingle them with all the aforesaid things, and then strain it through a fair linen cloth, and put it into a clean vessel. It is good for webs in the Eyes, Megrim, and Headache, if a woman have pain in her Matrice let her take thereof as an Electuary, and it will help her, also for those that are diseased in the Stomach, let them anoint the Stomach, Hands, Feet, and Reins therewith, anoint the Temples for the Megrim, it is also good for the Gout.   

An Ointment to assuage pain, and cool.  
25 R. Of white Cerate ℥ iiii. Oil of Roses ℥ x. red, and white , red Roses, Myrrh, Olibanum, Mastic, anaʒ two. Camphire ʒ ss. Turpentine ℥ two. ss. make an Unguent in a leaden Mortar.   

To make Flos Vnguentorum.  
16 R. Rosin, Perosin, ana lib. ss. Virgin's wax, Frankincense, ana ℥ iiii. Mastic ℥ ss. Heart's suet, ℥ iiii. Camphite ʒ two. melt those that are to be melted, and pound those that are to be pounded, and searce them finely, then boil them altogether over the fire, and strain them into a pottle of white Wine; then let it cool, and when it is no more than blood warm, put to of Turpentine ℥ iii. ever stirring it until it be cold, then work it well in the hands, and make it up in rolls.  
It is good for old Wounds, cleansing them, and engendering good Flesh, and wasting evil Flesh; it is good for all manner of Impostumes in the head, or in the body, and for strained Sinews, and it draweth out any Thorn or broken Bone, and it healeth all manner of Botches, it is good for a Canker, or Noli me tangere, it is good for Cerecloths for the Gout, Sciatica, and other Aches, and for pestilent Botches.    

Of Oils. CHAP. XXXIII.  

To make Oil of Roses.  
1 R. Buds of red Roses fresh gathered, the prickles taken away, and the buds bruised, juice of Roses ana lib. i. macerate them in five pound of Oil Omphacine which is without Salt in a vessel of glass close shut, than set them the space of six or eight days in the Sun, after boil them three hours in a double vessel, and strain them and cast away the Roses and put in new, do so twice or thrice; lastly, being fairly strained, set it in the Sun, and boil it in a double vessel until the juices be consumed, if you want Oleum Omphacinum, you may wash Oil Olive in the juice of sour Grapes. This Oil is cooling, and doth strengthen, thicken and stay Fluxes, and help the gnawing pain of the Guts being given in a Clyster.   

Oil of Violets.  
2 It is made by putting in fresh purple Violets into a vessel of glass, and Oil Omphacine, or Oil of Almonds, and to be sunned ten or twelve days, changing the Violets every third day; lastly, put in dry Violets, it hath the same Virtue as hath Oil of Roses.   

Oil of Mints.  
3 R. The leaves of sown Mints, bruise them, and with the juice macerate them in Oil Omphacine, and change and boil it as you do Oil of Roses. It corroborateth and strengthens the stomach if it be therewith anointed, and furthereth concoction.   

Oil of Wormwood.  
4. R. The tops and leaves of Wormwood, bruise them and macerate them in Oil Omphacine, as you do make Oil of Roses: it is a furtherer of concoction, procurer of appetite, and kills the Worms.   

Oil of Lilies.  
5 R. Of Mastic, Calamus Aromaticus, Costus, Oil of Pellitary, Carpobalsame, ana ℥ i. Cloves and Cinnamon, ana ℥ ss. Saffron, ʒ iii. bruise them all, and steep them in water xxiiii. hours, then boil them a little, and taken from the fire pour in of sweet Oil, lib. two. leaves of Lilies, ℥ viij. set them forty days in the Sun, and then strain it.   

Oil of sweet Almonds.  
6 R. Sweet Almonds, and blanche them, and bruise them, then pour upon them a little Rose water, than put them in a vessel that they may be kept warm as it were in hot water; lastly, put them in a little bag, and press them in a press until you have the Oil. It doth mitigate pain, comfort the exasperated parts, especially the Lungs, and Kidneys, it mollifieth dry, and hard matter, and is very fit for those that have the Hectic fever.   

Oil of bitter Almonds.  
7 R. Bitter Almonds dry, and purge them, and bruise and calefie them in hot boiling water, and pressed as the former. This Oil doth mightily attenuate and divide, doth dissipate Wind, cures the Noise in the Ears, and opens the obstructions of the Liver, and other Entrails, and mollifieth hardness of Sinews.   

Oil of Worms.  
8 R. Of Worms of the earth washed, and prepared, lib. ss. white Wine ℥ two. sweet Oil lib. two. boil them to the consumption of the Wine, and the wasting of the Worms, then strain the Oil, and reserve it for your use. It mollifies, assuages Pain, and is good for Bruises, and pain in the joints.   

Oil of Rue.  
9 R. Of leaves of Rue, the juice of Rue, ana lib. ss. macerate them three days in lib. iii. of sweet Oil, boil them in a double vessel until the juice be consumed, then straining the Rue, change it three times, or four, then press out the Oil. It is hot, and attenuateth gross Humours, dissipates Wind being administered as a Clyster alone, it availeth against the Cramp, Palsy, and coldness of the Womb and Bladder.   

Oil of Bay.  
10 R. The ripe berries of Laurel bruised and boiled a good space in Water, and then strain it, and when it is cooled, gather the Salt that swimmeth above the decoction which is the Oil, and is good to extenuate, calify, dissipate Wind in the stomach, the Colic, and dissolveth cold diseases of the Head, Entrails, Womb, Kidneys, and joints.   

Oil of Scorpions.  
11 R. The root of round Aristolochia, Gentian, Galingale, bark and root of Capers, ana ℥ i. bruise them all, and macerate them in lib. i. ss. of Oil of bitter Almonds, and sun them twenty days, then boil them in a double vessel with a gentle fire, lastly, put in xv. Scorpions, and sun them again thirty days, then strain the Oil, and keep it as an excellent Oil to extenuate forcibly, and being anointed upon the loins doth unlodge the Stone in the Kidneys.   

Oil of Turpentine.  
12 R. Of the best Turpentine lib. iiii. put it in a large glass Cucurbite, and set it in Sand, and distil it by art; first you shall have a thin Oil come out with the Water, the second Oil will be of a golden colour, the last will be yellow and thick, keep every one by its self, but the last is the best, and is good against all cold Diseases, especially of the joints.   

Oil of Mastic.  
13 R. Oil of Roses, ℥ xii. odoriferous Wine, ℥ iiii. of the best Mastic, ℥ iii. boil them according to art in a double Vessel to the consumption of the Wine. This Oil strengthens the Brain, Nerves, joints, Ventricle, and Liver, mollifies Tumours, and assuages pain.   

Oil of Tilestones.  
14 Break an old red Tilestone in pretty small pieces, burn them in the fire until they be red hot, then extinguish them in clear old Oil, and let them lie in it until they be full of Oil, then take them out and beat them into fine power, and put it into a Cucurbite of glass, and lute the joints well together, and put under coals, and draw your Oil according to art. It is good against all cold diseases, for it is hot and penetrative, easeth the Epilepsy, Vertigo, Palsy, Cramp, and pain in the back, and all cold affects of the joints and Nerves.   

Oil of the Yolkes of Eggs.  
15 R. Of new laid Eggs one hundred, boil them until they be hard, and take out the yolkes, and cut them in pieces, and put them in a frying pan until they turn reddish, and yield a fatty moisture, then take them and put them hot into a hair bag, and press out the Oil. It is good to clear the skin, and restore hair, and to cure malign and fistulous Ulcers.   

Oil of Hypericon: or, S. john's Wort.  
16 R. The tops of S. john's Wort that is full ripe, ℥ iii. steep them in odoriferous Wine three days, then boil them close stopped in a double vessel, afterward press it, then put to it a pound more of fresh S. john's Wort, and steep, boil, and press it as before, and likewise the third time, and if the Wine diminish add more; lastly, take of clear Turpentine ʒ iii. old Oil ℥ vi. Saffron ℈ i. boil them in a double Vessel until the Wine be consumed, then press it, and separate the Oil from the gross bottom. It is Hot and Dry, Styptic, it consolides wounds, and helps incision of the Nerves, and burning of fire, assuageth the pain of the Thighs and Bladder, and provokes Urine, and monthly visits.   

Oil of Whelps, for wounds made by Gunshot.  
17 R. Two Whelps, Earthworms lib. i Oil of Lilies lib. two. Venice Turpentine ℥ vi. Aqua vitae ℥ i. boil the Whelps alive in the Oil, until the flesh part from the bones, then put in the Worms being first prepared in white Wine, and boil them in the oil till they become dry, then strain it gently through a Towel, and lastly, add your Turpentine and Aquavitae.   

Oil of Vitriol.  
18 R. Of Vitriol lib. x. and powder it, and put it into an earthen pot, and set it upon hot coals until it be calcined, that is, when it becomes reddish; when it is throughly cold break the pot, and powder it again, and calcine it again, and thus do until it be perfectly calcined, and exactly red of colour, than powder it, and put it into an earthen retort, adding for every pound of Vitriol, 1. quarter of Tile shards, or small pieces of Brick, than set the Retort luted safely to the receiver in a reverberating Furnace, always keeping a strong fire for the space of eight and forty hours, more or less according to the quantity of the distilling Liquor: you shall know when the distillation is finished by the receiver, which will recover his natural colour, and perspicuity. Your receiver must be very large lest it break, also it must be set in a vessel of cold water, lest it break by being over hot.  
This Oil comforteth the belly, and stirs up the appetite, calefies the cold stomach, consumes Phlegm, and cuts tough & viscous Humours, it helps the Dysentery & Celiack passion, it mitigates the heat of Fevers, and destroys the Hecocks, Nauseousness and Loathing of meat, it must be taken very carefully tempered with something else, as five or six drops to 2. ounces of conserve of Roses, so it may be safely taken, also upon whatsoever it falls it burns it.   

An Oil approved for the Sciatica.  
19 R. Plantain, Lavender-spike, Fennell, walwort, red Sage, red Nettles, Camomile, Wormwood, Marigolds with the black head, Briony, ana. wash them, chop them, seethe them in new strong Ale in an earthen pot to the consumption of the half, then strain them, and put to the decoction black Snails, reboile it until it become an oil.   

Oleum Benedictum.  
20 R. Oil Omphacine lib. two. of Storax, calamity, Laudanum, Olibanum, Saffron, Gum arabeck, Madder, Gum of Ivy tree, Aloes citrine, Mastic, Cloves, Galingale, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Cubebes, ana ℥ two. Gum Elem. lib. i Myrrh, Bdellium, ana ℥ i. ss. Galbanum ℥ vi. Spike, Lignum Aloes, ana ℥ i. Rosin of the Pine, Oppoponax, Armoniac anaʒ x. powder those that are to be powdered, and mingle them with the said Oil, and put them in a Limbeck with his head, and receiver well stopped with Lute sapient, and distil them Secundum artem; put the Alimbeck upon a soft fire the space of xii. hours, increasing the same from six to six hours till all be stilled, then powder the rest of the spices again, and so with the distilled Oil distil them again, and at the last you shall have an Oil like Balm; Which is good for the Cramp, the Falling sickness, the coronal commissure being anointed (a Mundification with a strong Medicine premised;) it cureth great fresh Wounds, and cold Catarrhs; one drop put into the Ear with Cotton amendeth the hearing, chief of a cold cause; a Rose Cake moistened in the said Oil, and laid to the Temples, easeth the Megrim, and taketh away the Swimming of the head; half an ounce of the said Oil drunk with a little odoriferous Wine in the morning three days together, comforteth, and reneweth the Heart, and Lungs; taken with a little odoriferous Wine it is good for quartain Fevers: the receipt must be almost one spoonful for four days together one hour before day, upon such days as no Paroxysm is looked for; taken the space of thirty days with a little Wine, and a little Peony, cureth the Falling sickness, and pains of the grand Pox: it is good for stinging of venomous Beasts, and weakness of Sinews, and may be compared to Balsamum.   

The composition of Oleum Magistrale, invented by Aparice a Moriscoe living in Spain.  
21 R. A quart of the best, and oldest white Wine, of the oldest Oil Olive lib. iii. to these add the flowers, and leaves of these herbs following, viz. Of Hypericon lib. sem. Cardus Benedictus, Valerian, the least Sage, ana ℥ iiii. steep these in the Wine, and Oil four and twenty hours, then boil them in a nealed pot or Copper vessel on a gentle fire till the Wine be consumed, always stirring it, then take it from the fire, and strain it, and put to the straining of good Venice Turpentine lib. i. sem. then boil it again upon a soft fire a quarter of an hour, then add thereunto Olibanum ℥ v. Myrrh ℥ iii. Sanguis Draconis ℥ i. then boil it till the Incense, and Myrrh be dissolved, then take it from the fire, and let it stand till it be cold, then put it into a glass bottle, and set it 8. or 10. days in the Sun, and the longer you keep it the better.   

The true application of this Oil according to the qualities of the Wounds, and Diseases, doth consist in these points following, viz. To the Patient, to the Preparative, to the Wound, or Diseases, to the Plaster, to the diseased Part.  
1 FIrst let the Patient eat, and drink freely what he will, he may eat to his dinner new laid Eggs, Mutton, wild Fowl of the Woods, if they have bled, at night roast any of these; he need not forbear gross Meats, nor Wine, if before he used them, but if his body be plethoric, or subject to a Fever he must be careful in his diet, and if he drink any Wine it must be allayed with Water; 2. If the Wound be great he must keep his Chamber, if not his Bed, for fear of taking the air; 3. He must lie as well on the one side, as on the other, and also on the wounded side, especially an hour before he be dressed, that the Humours may descend to the Wound; 4: He must endure the Oil as hot as can be possibly, for it is the stronger in his operation if it be applied scalding hot; also he must abstain from women both in the time of his cure, and for twenty days after if the wound be great.  
To prepare the Wound you shall take good white Wine, and boil in it one handful of Incense, which is only to comfort it, and herewith wash the Wound within, and without, as hot as the Patient can suffer it, then wipe it very dry before you apply the Oil.  
If the Wound come by biting, or contusion, he shall be dressed twice a day in Winter, at 8. in the morning, and 3. in the afternoon, in summer at 9 in the morning, and 4. in the afternoon, but if they be green Wounds, then change not the plaster after the first dressing until the next day.  
If the wound be in the head, you shall shave away the hair 2. or 3. fingers broad round about the wound, and then stay the blood with Lint, or Tow dipped in the said Oil, with which you shall fill the wound, then lay on a cloth 2. or 3. doubles dipped in the prepared Wine, and rung hard out so broad as you have cut away the hair, then roll it up. Note that at the first dressing the Wine ought not to be used, lest a flux of blood follow; if the wound be large, dress it but once a day for fear of bleeding for 2. or 3. dress; afterward you may wash the wound with the Wine as aforesaid, then fill the wound with Oil, and cover it with Lint steeped in the same, and upon that a compress of Linen 3. double round about, dipped in the Oil, and upon that a compress dipped in the said Wine, as aforesaid: when you perceive the wound near Cicatrizing, use only this unguent following: R. Of the aforesaid Oil, Venice Turpentine, new Wax, ana. Set it on a fire in a pan, and always stir it for a quarter of an hour, then let it cool, and when it is cold, put it up for your use.  
And when you use it, let it serve both for the Unguent, and Emplaster: the Unguent you must apply with Lint, and upon it a little dry Lint, and upon that an Emplaster of the aforesaid Unguent.  
When a wound is made in the Head by contusion, and healed up so that there is engendered an Impostume, or other accident, which may be an offence to the brain, than you shall shave it, wash it, and wipe it as before, then anoint it with the said Oil round about, and lay upon it compresses wet in the said Oil, and Wine, as before: do this for the space of v. or vi. days.  
If the wound be in the Legs, or any sinewy and musculous Part overthwart, it must be stitched, or if there be any dislocation, it must be placed in due order, and then wash the wound as before; and if you fear any Symptoms, then wash also the whole Member, afterwards anoint the whole member with the said Oil, and lay round about it a linen cloth steeped therein, and upon that a double cloth steeped in the said Wine, and then roll it gently; do the rest as in wounds of the Head, if there be lose bones, or any thing against nature in the wound, then put in a Tent to keep it open until such time as you have taken them forth.  
If the wound be made by Gun-shot, Sword, or Pike, than first stay the blood, and wash, and wipe the wound as before, and if the member be pierced through, then Tent it on both sides, according to the depth thereof, that the bruised blood may evacuate, and so dress it twice aday, both sides alike, both washing, and wiping, and anointing; if the wound pierce into the body, then tie the Tent with a thread, lest it slip into the body, and day by day you shall shorten the Tent as occasion shall serve.  
If any part where there chanceth any Apostumation or swelling, whether it will maturate, or resolve, thou shalt bathe the place with the said Wine warm, and lay thereon linen clothes, steeped in the said Wine, and wrung out a good breadth round about the place; and if it resolve, then apply the said Wine, and Oil until it be whole; but if it come to suppuration, then use it as other wounds.   

For the Haemorroids.  
First wash them with the Wine, and lay on linen clothes wet with Oil, and upon them other clothes wet with Oil, and upon them other clothes wet in Wine, as before.   

For the Gouts.  
First, anoint all the grieved place with the Oil, then apply linen clothes upon it steeped in scalding Water, and wrung out hard, this done three or four times will ease the pain.   

For Cankers.  
If the Canker be not opened, the washing with the said Wine, and the pledgets steeped in the Oil, and applied, will open it, then perform the rest of the Cure as aforesaid.   

For pain in the Reins.  
You shall anoint the Reins very well with the said Oil, from the ridge of the back to the belly, then lay on a linen cloth steeped in seething Water, and wrung out hard, and upon it a great Pledget of Tow, and wrap his Legs very warm with , and let him lie down on his Bed, and warm covered, let him sweat.   

For old Ulcers.  
First cut the Lip thereof with a sharp Razor, then wash it, and anoint it, as aforesaid.   

To make Oil of Snails.  
22 R. A quart of garden-Snailes in the shells, wash them clean, and break the slimy skin at the mouth of the shell, than put them in a cloth, with a handful of Bay Salt, and hang them up with a dish underneath to receive the Oil which drops from them. This Oil being anointed upon the hollow of the neck, and so down the back bone, and from the throat down to the end of the breast bone, cureth a consumption, if taken in time.   

To make Oil of a Dog for the Gout.  
23 R. A fat Dog, and kill him, and take out his Guts, and Bowels, and Gall, but keep in the Heart, and Lungs, and Liver, then fill the body full of Frogs, and black Snails, and sow him up strongly, and roast him on a Spit, as long as he will drop one drop, than put the Liquor in a clear Vessel, and put thereto a pint of Oil of Bay, and black Soap ℥ i. and temper them together, and anoint the grieved Part therewith.   

An Oil for the Palsy.  
24 R. A new earthen pot, and fill it full of Camomile, and stop it well, and set it in another Pot under ground for x l. days, then take it up, and you shall find Oil therein, and anoint the place therewith; if it be thy head, anoint thy forehead; if thy hands, anoint thy Wrists.   

To make Oil of Swallows.  
25 R. Ten Swallows, beat them quick in a Mortar with Spike, Lavender Cotten, Knotgrass, Ribwort; Balm, Valerian, Rosemary tops, Woodbine tops, strings of Vines, French Mallows, tops of Alehooe, Strawberry strings, Tutsane, Plantain, Walnut leaves, Bay tops, Hyssop, Violet leaves, Sake of Virtue, Roman Wormwood, ana. m. i. Camomile m. two. Red Roses, m iii. then put to them a quart of Neats-foot Oil, or May Butter, and grind them together with an ounce, or two of Cloves, than put them in an earthen pot, stopped close with lute sapientiae, and set them nine days in a Cellar, then take them out and seethe them seven, or eight hours on the fire, or in a pan of water, but first open your pot, and put in white or yellow Wax, and a pint of Oil, or Butter.   

An Oil for a noise in the Head.  
26 R. A Silver Eel, roast it, but baste it not, then take the dripping, and put it into a Pipkin with some Commin seeds; infuse it all night in the Embers, then take the Oil, and pretty warm, drop a little into the Ear that most troubles you, and you shall find help in a short time.   

An Oil for the dead Palsy.  
27 R. Sheep's feet, and boil them with the Wool a great while, then take the Oil of them, and red Sage, and boil them together well, then when you use it, take a little Aqua vitae, and Pepper, and warm them together, and anoint the place therewith, and after with the Oil.  
Because it will be a great deal of trouble, and charge in a private house to distil, and draw Oils from Gums, Spices, Seeds, Roots, Herbs, etc. except they had occasion for greater Quantities: and for such Portions as they shall use, they may buy at the Chemists; I will therefore only set down the names of the Oils, and the virtues thereof; for such as are desirous to learn the Art of Extracting, may find divers Authors to that purpose.   

Oil of Mastic.  
28 It is excellent against all cold-Diseases of the Maw, comforteth the Liver, Lights, and all inward Parts of the Body; being drunken, it helpeth those that Vomit, and Spit Blood, it consumeth, and breaketh all inward Sores: this Oil being anointed on the Belly, stoppeth the Flux, and women's Terms, and is also good for the Mother that is fallen down, if you anoint it therewith, and the underpart of the Belly; it is good for young Children whose Arse gut cometh forth, if you anoint it therewith, and put it up again; it is also good for those that are Burst, if you anoint them therewith, and let them wear a Truss; being anointed on fresh Wounds, it helpeth them soon, laying thereon a Cloth wet in the same; anointing the Gums, fasteneth the Teeth and causeth a good Digestion, if you anoint the Stomach therewith.   

Oil of Storax Calamite.  
29 Three, or four drops of this Oil being drunk, comforts the Lungs, it helps the pains of the Mother being drunk, and the place anointed therewith: beware you take not too much of this Oil, for it is dangerous; if you put a drop, or two into the Ears, it takes away the buzzing noise.   

Oil of Galbanum.  
30 Is good against an old Cough, and for such as are Shortwinded, and cannot easily draw their breath: this Oil being taken with Oil of Myrrh in a little Wine, is good against Venom, drunken; likewise being thus taken, it procures women's Natural sickness, and driveth down the dead Child, if you make a perfume thereof into the Womb: it is held very good for the rising of the Mother, being laid to the Navel, it settles the Womb that hath been misplaced; this Oil is Mollificative, and being mixed with any convenient Unguent, it draweth forth Thorns, or cold Humours: mix this Oil with the Root of Angelica, or the Seed, or Root of Spondilium, and if you touch any Serpent, or Venomous Beast therewith it will die; in fine, it is so opposite to Venom, that the Perfume of it (being burned) drives away Serpents from the place.   

Oil of Myrrh.  
31 This Oil preserveth all things from Putrefaction, and if you anoint the Face, and Hands therewith, it causeth them to look young a great while; if you mix it with Wine, and wash the Mouth, it will fasten the Teeth; it stoppeth the Laske, and helpeth the Stitch in the side if you drink thereof one Dram: it helpeth all stinking Sores, and is good for Wounds in the Head, and Pains in the Ears, if it be put therein; also if you put one, or two drops thereof into the Eyes, it preserveth the sight; it helpeth all the Pains of the Mother, if it be anointed therewith; also it drieth, and consumeth all Accidents after birth, and is marvellous good against a Fever, if the Patient's body be anointed therewith, and laid to sweat.   

Oil of Sagapenum.  
32 Is good for the Stitch in the side, and an old Cough; it is very good against the Cramp, and all Pains of the Hips, and joints, coming of Cold; if you anoint the Nostrils of women in Childbed therewith, it availeth much, and eases their Pain, for it driveth forth the Child quickly, whether alive, or dead, being drunk with Wine, it is good against Poison: but by any means let women with Child take heed of this Oil.   

Oil of Castoreum.  
33 Being anointed on the Neck, and drunk with Wine, availeth much to those that have the Falling sickness, it is also excellent against Apoplexy; it helpeth the Colic, and suffocation of the Matrix.   

Oil of Amber.  
34 It is good against the Colic, and suffocation of the Matrix, if you anoint the Parts therewith; if a woman drink three, or four drops thereof, it causeth her to be fairly delivered; it is good against Pains, and Fluxes of the Head, resolution of Sinews, and Falling sickness; if ye drink thereof in a Morning three, or four drops in Peony Water, it preserveth from all poisons, and pestiferous Airs; It driveth forth the Stone in the Bladder, or Reins, if it be drunk with Malmsey, or Parseley Water.   

Oil of Ammoniacum.  
35 Being taken three, or four drops in the Yolk of an Egg, it helpeth Ulcers in the Breast; it dissolveth all hardness, and swell, and taketh away the pains of the Milt, if you mix this Oil with as much Oil of Galbanum, and a very little Oil of Wormwood, and anoint the place; also being mixed with Oil of Wormwood, and anointed on the Navel, it killeth Worms.   

Oil of Wax.  
36 Is good in all Wounds made by Contusion, if a cloth wet in the same be laid thereon; being taken inwardly, it provoketh Urine, and easeth Stitches, the dose is a dram at a time with white Wine; it helpeth the cold Gout, and Sciatica coming of cold; in fine it is an Oil that is miraculous in his operation, and is as it were a divine Medicine.   

Oil of Butter.  
37 If you anoint your hands, and face with this Oil, it will preserve them fair; it is also good for them that have a Catarrh, if they take an ounce fasting.   

The quintessence of Honey.  
38 Dissolveth Gold, or any jewel put therein; it helpeth the Palsy, Falling sickness, Cough, Catarrh, and pains of the Milt, and many other diseases; and two, or three dams thereof given to a dying man will recover him again, like as quintessence of Wine will do; and certainly it is a divine Liquor, because it falleth like the dew from heaven upon the herbs, than which nothing is sweeter.   

Oil of Cinnamon.  
39 Is very hot, and dry, and pierceth through flesh, and bones; it recovereth lost Speech in sickness; it helpeth all Diseases that come through cold, and phlegmatic matter; it procureth women's natural sickness, and easeth them in travel; if you give the Patiented a little of this Oil, with a little Oil of Myrrh in Wine to drink, and anoint the parts therewith; the face, and hands being anointed therewith, it freeth from Measles, and Spots, it warmeth the breast, and cureth the old Cough, and causes sleep, and if a man take never so little of this Oil, he shall feel the heat thereof in every member of his Body.   

Oil of Mace.  
40 Is good to be taken three, or four drops fasting in a spoonful of Broth against the Colic, and Strangury which come of cold causes: it comforts the Heart, the stomach, and the womb, and helps all cold diseases.   

Oil of Cloves.  
41 One or two drops hereof taken in a morning with Wine helps a stinking breath, it makes the heart merry, and strengthens the brain, and head; being outwardly applied it heals wounds, and may be used in stead of Balm; being put into the eyes it clears the sight; it causeth good digestion, and purgeth Melancholy, it is good to make Manus Christi with this Oil, which have as much virtue as the Oil itself.   

Oil of Nutmegs.  
42 This Oil drunk with Wine provokes women's Visits, and driveth out the dead fruit, therefore women with child ought to beware of this Oil until their time of deliverance come, than it causeth them to be fairly and easily delivered, it is excellent against fainting and swooning, and beating of the heart, if you drink thereof, and anoint the region of the heart therewith, it expelleth phlegmatic, and gross humours, and causeth alacrity; if any by a fall catch a wound, bruise, or broken Rib, let him only drink of this Oil with some vulnerary drink, and it helps him; it is good against uncurable Ulcers, and for all cold diseases of the joints, and sinews; anoint the left side therewith, and it assuages the swelling of the Spleen; it helps all affects of the Bladder, and Reins.   

Oil of Pepper.  
43 Is very good against the Colic, and other weak places filled with phlegm; it is very hot, and piercing.   

Oil of Saffron.  
44 If you anoint the head with this Oil, it provokes sleep, mixed with women's Milk it stays the fluxions of the eyes; being anointed on S. Anthony's fire, it destroyeth it, and preserveth the place; being drunk with Wine it maketh the heart merry; and if you anoint the Temples of a drunken man therewith, it makes him sober.   

Oil of Quince seed made by expression.  
45 R. The seed of Quinces, stamp them and put them into a frying pan with a little Wine, and stir them well together until they be so hot as you cannot suffer your hand therein, then put it into a Canvasse bag, and press it out in a press, and there will be both Oil and Water which you must separate. This Oil is excellent against all pains in the Stomach, and helpeth digestion much, and dissolveth Wind, it inciteth to Venery, and is good against the Emerroids, and Fistulaes'.   

Oil of Rosemary flowers.  
46 Take Rosemary flowers, and stamp them, and put them into a glass with strong Wine, and stop it close, and sun it five, or six days, then distil it with a soft fire, and there will be both Water, and Oil to be separated; keep the Oil close in a glass.  
This Oil helpeth against all inveterate Headache, though of seven years standing; it comforteth the memory, and preserveth the eyes, if you drink now, and then a drop, or two, and put one into the Eyes; being put into the Ears, it helpeth those that are deaf, it availeth in the Dropsy, and yellow jaundice; it helpeth the Colic, and rising of the Mother; it is excellent for those that have drunk Poison, or are infected with the Pestilence, if you drink thereof a little, and lay you down to sweat: it comforteth the Heart, cleanseth the Blood, and maketh a man merry, and causeth a good Colour, and is very good for those that have the Itch, or any other Scabs; in fine, it helpeth all diseases that come of Cold, and Moist humours.   

Oil of Time.  
47 Is made as aforesaid.  
It provoketh Urine, and expelleth the Secondine, and dead Child; it procures the Visits in women, and dissolveth clotted Blood in the body: if you take it with Oximell, and a little Salt, it purgeth tough, and clammy Phlegm, and mundifieth the Blood.   

Oil of sweet Margerome.  
48 Being drunk with Wine, it is good against those that are falling into a Dropsy, and for those that piss with much difficulty drop after drop, it is good for those that have pains, and gripe in the Belly, and provokes women's natural sickness.   

Oil of Mint.  
49 It is most profitable for the Stomach, and being drunk with Vinegar it stayeth the Vomiting of blood, and killeth the round Worms, and causeth good digestion: being drunk with some convenient potion it availeth much against the griping pains of the Colic, and stoppeth the overmuch Flux in Women; being drunk with Wine, it easeth women in Travel, and is singular good against the gravel in the Kidneys, and against the Strangury.   

Oil of Peneroyall.  
50 Being drunk with Wine it bringeth the Monthly issue, sendeth forth the Secundine, and expelleth the dead Fruit, or false Conception: it provoketh the Urine, and breaketh the Stone in the Kidneys being taken with purified Honey: being drunk with Water, and Vinegar, it stayeth the desire of Vomiting; the fume or smoke of this Oil being taken into the Womb with a Funnel, is good against Windiness, and stopping of the Mother.   

Oil of Sage.  
51 It is good for Wounds, and Bruises, and provoketh Urine, & breaketh the Stone, it is also good for Women with child to use it now, and then, for it closeth the Matrice, and comforteth the Fruit: Being drunk it helpeth Conception, drunk with Wormwood Wine it stayeth the bloody Flux.   

Oil of Isop.  
52 Eaten with Honey it helpeth the Cough, shortness of Breath, and stops of the Breast, being drunk with Syrup of Vinegar, it purgeth downward tough Phlegm, and killeth Worms.   

Oil of Ivy.  
53 Is excellent against the Pestilence, and all manner of Poison, it stoppeth the bloody Flux, and helpeth all diseases either of the Bladder, or Reins, and drunk with Wine it restrains women's Flux, with this Oil anoint the Belly of a woman from her Navel to the Reins of her back, and down to the Matrice, and it will strengthen the Mother, and dry up the Moisture therein, and prepare it for Conception: if those that cannot make water do drink four, or five drops of this Oil, and anoint the region of the Bladder therewith, it helps them presently; it expelleth the Wind in the Guts, and stayeth the running of the Reins, it is good against the Water between the Skin and the Flesh, it killeth Worms, and helpeth all sick Members, pain in the Hips, Gout, and Colic, and Chaps in the Hands, or Feet.   

Oil of Rue.  
54 Being drunk with Wine availeth much against Poisons being taken twice, or thrice in three days; it helpeth all diseases of the Eyes from what cause soever they proceed, if the apple be not perished; if you anoint the Eye twice a day therewith; it restores Members numbed with the Palsy, if they be anointed therewith.   

Oil of Aniseeds.  
55 Being drunk with Wine in a morning fasting, causeth a sweet Breath, it is good against Wind in the Guts, and Stomach, and causeth the Pain to cease if you drink three, or four drops, and anoint the Stomach therewith, it purgeth Phlegm upwards, it inciteth to Venery, and driveth forth Poison by sweat, it is most excellent for shortness of Breath, and comforteth the Lungs, and breaketh the Stone in the Reins, and Bladder.   

Oil of Fennell seed.  
56 It is most excellent for the Eyes to drink thereof once a day, and to put a drop in the Eye morning, and evening, it helpeth the Dropsy, and yellow jaundice; in hot diseases administer it with cold Waters, and in cold diseases with Wine: This Oil breaketh the Stone in the Reins, and provoketh Urine, and Months, and breaketh wind being taken in Manus Christi.   

Oil of Parceley seed.  
57 Opens the obstructions of the Liver, and Kidneys, and provoketh the Months if it be drunk with convenient Medicines; it causeth good digestion, and comforts the Stomach, and expels the Gravel, and Stone, and is good against all Poisons, Blast, and Windiness.   

Oil of Radish seed is made by expression.  
58 R. The seed of Radish, and stamp it small, and to every pound of seed put two ounces of good Wine, then stamp it again until it be mixed, and put it into a Copper, or Iron vessel, and set it over the fire, continually stirring it until it be scalding hot, then put it into a Canvasse bag, and press it forth, and separate the Oil from the Water. This Oil causeth good Digestion, and provoketh Urine, breaketh Wind in the Stomach, and also the Stone in the Bladder it expelleth.   

Oil of Mustardseed.  
59 Is made by expression, as aforesaid. It provoketh the Terms if you anoint the Reins, and without the Matrice, and also drink it, it dissolveth the pains in the Side, and of the Mother, and expelleth Gravel, and Stone.   

Oil of Colewortseeds.  
60 Is made as aforesaid. It is good against Worms, and all Inflammations in the Body, and preserveth Armour from rusting.   

Oil of Linseed, or Flax seed.  
61 Is made as before. It is good in a Pleurisy, and dissolveth it if you give four ounces thereof to drink, it is used for Painting, and to make Varnish.   

Oil of Mans-skull.  
62 You shall buy this Oil of the Chemists, it is good against the Falling sickness, giving three grains at a time thereof to drink.   

Oil of Saturn, and jupiter, that is, of Lead, and Tin.  
63 It is the most excellent of all Oils to heal Wounds, so as no bones be broken, or cut.   

Oil of Mercury, or Quicksilver.  
64 Is marvellous good in fresh Wounds, and to be used outwardly for the Pox, anointing the Sores therewith.   

Oil of Hempseed.  
65 If any one drink one ounce of this Oil at a time, it maketh him pleasant, and merry, it is profitable for Women, it maketh them merry, and comely to see to, and maketh Soldiers courageous, it is made as the Oil of Linseed.    

Emplasters. CHAP. XXXIV.  

Emplastrum de janna.  
R. The juice of Smalladge, Plantain, and Betony, ana lib. i. Wax, Pitch, Rosin, Turpentine, ana lib. ss. let three of the Simples be concocted in the juices, stirring them easily till the juices be consumed, then take it from the fire, and put in the Turpentine; It is marvellous effectual in Wounds, and green Ulcers, it pacifieth Inflammation, Detergeth, Agglutinateth, Incarnateth, and also Cicatrizeth.   

Emplastrum Divinum.  
2 R. Of Galbanum, Myrrh, ana ℥ i. ʒ two. Ammoniacum ℥ iii. ʒ three Oppoponax, Mastic, long Aristolochia, Verdigrease ana ℥ i. lethargy, common Oil ana lib. ss. new Wax ℥ viij. Frankincense ℥ i. ʒ i. Bdellium ℥ two. Loadstone ℥ iii. the lethargy by stirring is mingled with the Oil after it is boiled, until it become thick, then add the Wax in small pieces, and as soon as it is melted take it off the fire, and put in the Galbanum, Oppoponax, Ammoniacum, and Bdellium, dissolved in Vinegar, and Wine boiled, and strained, after add the powdered Myrrh, Mastic, Incense, and Aristolochia, and Loadstone, next strew in the Verdigrease, lest that if it should be boiled any long space, the Emplaster become red.  
This Emplaster is marvellous good against malign Ulcers, for it detergeth, and consumeth Quitture, and corruption, and engendereth new Flesh, and bringeth them to a Scar.   

The black Emplaster.  
3 R. Of red Lead lib. i. of white Lead lib. ss. Oil Olive lib. two. ss. boil them together until it look black; then take it off the fire, and make it up in rolls. It is a very good Salve for all manner of Sores, or Aches.   

To make an attractive Plaster for the Gout.  
4 R. Of Wax lib. ss. ℥ iiii. Rosin lib. ss. Colophony lib. ss. ℥. iiii. Bolearme. ℥ iiii. Benjamin ℥ two. Storax liquid ℥ ss. Storax calamity ℥ two. Mastic ℥ i. Olibanum ℥ i. Myrrh ℥ i. Assafaetida ℥ two. Galbanum ℥ ss. Saffron ℥ ss. Oil of Roses ℥ i. Cloves ℥ i. Deeres suet lib. ss. melt your Wax, and Dear suet upon a soft fire, then put it to the Rosin, Colophony, and Bolearmenick, and then put in half the rest of the Parcels, reserving the Oil of Roses, Benjamin, and Galbanum, they must be last, stir it continually upon the fire, put it into a Canvasse bag, and strain it with a rolling pin, then boil a good quantity of Plantain in vi. Gallons of Water, two hours, then strain it, and when it is cold, strain your Plaster into it, and make it up in rolls.   

An excellent Emplaster to heal any Wound, or Ache.  
5 R. Valerian, Woodbine, Isope, Devil's bit, Adder's tongue, Hound's tongue, Capon's Feather, S. john's wort, Houseleek, Red Sage, Brier leaves, Diasie leaves, Tutsane leaves, Cumfrey, Selfeheale anam i Housesnailes one Pint, chop them, and the Herbs, and boil them according to Art in a double Vessel, in a sufficient quantity of May Butter, and strain it; add of Frankincense ℥ two. Myrrh, and Sacrocole ana ℥ i. Alum, Honey, Wax, Rosin, Turpentine ana. ℥ vi. boil it according to Art, and reserve it for your use.   

Sir Philip Paris his Emplaster.  
6 R. Of Oil Olive, lib. two. red Lead, lib. i. white Lead lib. i. beat and searse them, Spanish Soap ℥ xii. Incorporate these well together in an earthen Pot well glazed before you put them to boil, than put them upon a gentle fire of Coals for one hour; and a half, ever stirring it, then increase the fire until the red turn to grey, and so continue the stirring until the matter become of the colour of Oil, and somewhat dark; dry it on a Trencher, if it cleave not thereto, it is enough, dip your linen Clothes therein, smooth them with a Sleek-stone, it will last thirty years.  
This Plaster, laid upon the Stomach, provoketh Appetite, and taketh away any Grief from the same; laid to the belly, it easeth the Colic speedily; laid to the Reins, it stoppeth the Bloody Flux, the running of the Reins, the heat in the Kidneys, and weakness of the Back: It healeth Swell, Bruises, Aches: It breaketh Swell, Bruises, Apostemes, and healeth them; It draweth out Humours without breaking the Skin: It healeth the Diseases of the Fundament: laid upon the Head, it healeth the Headache, Wula, and Eyes; laid to the Belly, it bringeth women's monthly Visits, and maketh the Matrice apt for Conception.   

A most approved Plaster for a Rupture.  
7 R. Of Aloes Citrine ℥ i. Dragon's blood, ℥ i. Myrrh ℥ i. Mastic, Bowl Armenicke, Gum Dragant ana. ℥ iii. powder them all very finely, and make an Emplaster with the Slime of Red Housesnailes.   

A Plaster very excellent for the Sciatica.  
8 R. Yellow Wax, Rosin, Rosin of the Pine, ana. lib. i. Colophony, lib. ss. Mastic, Frankincense, ana ℥ two. Myrrh, ℥ i. Sheep's Suet, lib. ss. Cloves, Mace, ana, ℥ i. Saffron, ℥ ss. Galbanum, Oppoponax, Bdellium, ana, ℥ i. Red Wine lib. two. running Water, lib. i. Camphire, ʒ iii. make an Emplaster.   

A Plaster to heal, Cicatrize, and assuage pain.  
9 R. Oil of Roses, lib. i Cerus, red Lead, ana, ℥ two. Litharge of Gold, and Silver, Dragon's blood, Lapis Calaminaris, Bolearmenicke, ana, ℥ ss. Camphire ℥ iii. powder them that are to be powdered, and make a Plaster with white Wax.   

To make Oxycrotium good for old Bruises, and Ache in the Limbs, and to dissolve hard Impostumes, also for broken Bones, and Wounds that have been healed fair without, but rankle within.  
10 R. Of good Wax ℥ iiii. as much Colophony, as much black Pitch purified, Saffron ℥ i. ss. powdered, Mastic, Frankincense, ana. ℥ two. Myrrh, ℥ iiii. Gum Ammoniac, Galbanum, ana. ℥ two. steeped all night in Vinegar, and strained and boiled again until two parts of the Vinegar be wasted, then take the Pitch melted, and put to the Gums, and Vinegar, then melt the Wax, and put thereto, and then the Colophony in Powder, next the Mastic, and lastly the Frankincense, & Myrrh powdered, stirring all together very fast, then add of Turpentine ℥ two. but let the Plaster be no more than warm, and stir it continually until all be very well mingled; but before you put in your Turpentine, you must put in your Saffron, mingled with the Yolk of three, or four Eggs, then strain it into warm water, and anoint your hands with Oil of Bay, and make it up, and strike it on Cloth, or Leather.   

Another Oxycrotium for any other Ache in the Body, or pain in the Breast, or for the Sciatica.  
11 R. Of the finest Olibanum seared lib. i. of Rosin beaten and seared lib. i. of Ship Pitch strained lib. i Sheep's Tallow lib. ss. tried. Colophony ℥ iiii. Coming ℥ iiii. Laudanum ℥ two. Cloves, Mace, ana, ℥ i. Saffron, ℥ ss. powder all the Spices, then take a clean Pan, and melt the Rosin on a soft fire, and let it not seethe; then put in the Olibanum by degrees, until it be all molten, then put in the Tallow scraped small, and then the Laudanum, when all is melted, and brayed in a hot Mortar with a hot Pestle, take your Cloves, Mace, Saffron, and Coming all in fine Powder, and mingle them well together, and take your Pan off the fire, and put in the Spices, stirring it well, and looking that it seethe not over; then strike your 
* Sheep's Skins finely tawed.  Skins whiles it is hot, and the rest make up in Rolls, anointing your hands with Oil when it beginneth to be hard. This is the best Plaster for Gouts, and Aches, especially if they come of cold Rheumatic matter, or the like cause, that is to be had, removing it after the pain, as the pain removeth.   

Doctor Morsus Plaster, called Oxecrotium.  
12 R. Ship Pitch, Saffron, Colophony, Be Wax, an, ℥ iiii. Turpentine, Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Myrrh, sine Frankincense, Mastic, ana ℥ i. ʒ three lay your Galbanum in Vinegar all night, and the● boil it, and strain it, and melt all your Gums, and mingle them by stirring them, and put in your Turpentine last, continually stirring it, and after make it up in Rolls.   

An Emplaster for an Ache.  
13 R. Euforbium, mingle it with twelve times so much, of the best Oil Olive, and a little Wax, and make an Emplaster, It is good against all Pains, and Aches in the joints, sudden take, & Lameness, Palsies, Cramps, and shrinking of Sinews, and is exceeding good for benumbed, and dead Limbs, or Members, having the Herb Agnus Castus, or Tutsane, infused in the Oil before.   

A Salve to Draw, and Heale.  
14 R. Of Turpentine, one pennyworth, Virgin's Wax, as much as a Walnut, fresh Butter as much, Honey one spoonful, melt all these together in a Pan, then strain it into fair Water, and keep it for your use.   

A good Emplaster for old Sores, or new.  
15 R. Of Rosin ℥ iiii. melt it in a Pan, then take of Wax ℥ two. Turpentine, a little, and a quantity of Sheep's Suet, chopped small, and a spoonful of Oil Olive, and boil them all together, then strain it into Water, and make it up; if there be any Core in the Sore, that may hinder the healing, take a little Mercury, and put it into two spoonfuls of Water, and when it is melted, and congealed together, take a Feather, and drop in two, or three drops, and so lay on the Plaster.   

An Emplaster called, Gratia Dei.  
16 R. Of Rosin, lib. ss. boil it, and scum it clean, then take of unwrought Wax, ℥ iiii. and put it to the Rosin, and boil them together, then take of Turpentine, Sheep's Suet, ana, ℥ i. Oil Olive, a spoonful, put them all together to the Rosin, and Wax, and boil them, till the Scum be gone, and it waxeth black; then take it off the Fire, and cleanse it through a fair linen cloth, into Water; then work it in your hands, and pull it out, as you do Bird-lime, a quarter of an hour, and make it up in Rolls. This Salve is good for any old Sores, or for fresh Wounds.   

An Emplaster for a Bruise in the Leg, or Arm, or elsewhere.  
17 R. Water Cresses, and wash them clean, and seethe them soft, and beat them small in a Mortar, than put them in a Pan, and put thereto Sheep's Suet, or Deeres Suet, and Wine Lees, as much as shall suffice, and Wheat Bran, and fry all together, and make a Plaster, and lay it warm to the Sore, and so use it often, as need shall require.   

To make a black Salve that cureth all old Sores, and Ulcers, be they never so foul, and stinking.  
18 R. Of good strong Ale, one gallon, of Woodbine leaves, m. two. red seeded Nettles, m. i. Colewort seeded, with the jagged leaf m. i. red Onions lib. ss. Garlic pill, lib. ss. unset Leeks, lib. 1. Bark dust a little dishfull, stamp all these to Powder, very small, severally by themselves, and put them into the Ale, with Roch Allome lib. ss. then boil them on a soft fire, until more than half be wasted, then let them stand three or four days, and strain them into a fair Vessel, then add to them of Wax, Rosin, Nerve Oil, ana. lib. ss. English Honey the best one quart, then boil it again on a soft fire, until half be consumed, then keep it in an earthen Vessel, close stopped for your use.   

A good Emplaster for an Ache.  

19 R. Rosin lib. ss. powdered.  
Frankincense lib. ss. powdered.  
Laudanum, Mastic ana. ℥ i. powdered.   
Vnwrought Wax, Deeres, or Sheep's Suet ana. ℥ two. Camphire ℥ two. Turpentine ℥ two. melt the Rosin, Frankincense, and Wax, in a pottle of white Wine, and when they are melted, put in your Mastic, and Laudanum, and then your Suet: when all these are well melted together, then grind your Camphire, and put it in, and last of all, your Turpentine; then take it from the fire, and stir it until it wax cold, then make it up in Rolls, and keep it for your use. When you use it for any Ache, make a Plaster of new Sheep's Leather, broader than the place you are to lay it to, then spread on your Salve as thin as you can upon the Fleshy side, and prick it full of holes, and so lay it to, but take it not off from the place, until it come off itself without pulling.   

To make the green Salve.  
20 R. In May, or june, these Herbs following, (viZ.) Plantain, Ribwort, Yarrow, Vrben, Betony, Egrimony, Burnet, Mugwort ana, m. i. gather them clean without dust, for you must not wash them, then shred them small, and stamp them till they be like a Salve, then boil them half an hour in a pottle of good white Wine, then strain your Liquor, and wring your Herbs as hard as you can, then after it hath boiled a walm, or two, take it off the fire, and put to it, Rosin, Turpentine ana. lib. i. Wax lib. ss. ℥ iiii. Mastic ℥ ss. finely powdered, melt these, and strain them into the aforesaid Liquor; then boil them all together until it be near enough, and put into it a Porringer full of the juice of Parseley, and stir your Pan with a Stick, so fast as you can; then boil it a little, and take it off the fire, continually stirring it until it be cold; then work it into Rolls, and keep it from the dust.   

A very excellent Salve for Wounds, and old Sores.  
21 R. Of pure Rosin lib. ss. ℥ iiii. unwrought Wax ℥ vi. Sheep's Suet, and fresh Butter clarified ana. ℥ iiii. resolve all these upon a soft fire, then put thereto of Verdigrease beaten into fine powder, a quarter of an ounce, then strain it into a pint of white Wine, and stir it until it be cold, then make it up in Rolls.   

A Salve for fresh Wounds.  

22 R. Red Lead lib. i. boil them to the thickness of an Emplaster.  
white Lead, lib. ss. boil them to the thickness of an Emplaster.  
Castle Soap, ℥ vi. boil them to the thickness of an Emplaster.  
Oil Olive, one quart boil them to the thickness of an Emplaster.    

A Plaster to ripe an Impostume.  
23 R. Of the Crumbs of Bread well searsed lib. i. of the Broth of Veal, or Mutton, or of a Hen wherein the Roots of Marshmallowes, and Holliocke, and the roots of Lilies were sodden; put the Bread into this Decoction while it boileth, then strain them all very hard, and stamp them in a Mortar, and when they are well stamped, put to them, of Oil of Camomile, Oil of Roses ana. ℥ two. Oil of Lilies, Hen's grease, and Butter, anaʒ vi. and of the decoction as much as shall suffice, and set them on the fire again, stirring them until they come to be stiff: hereof make Plasters to be laid upon the Phlegmatic Apostems twice a day.   

Another for the same.  
24 R. The leaves of Mallows, and of Violets ana m. i Roots of Langdebufe tender, and fresh ℥ two. Roots of Hollihock ℥ iiii. boil them perfectly, then chop them small, stamp them, and strain them finely; then take a little Linseed, and Fenugreeke well beaten, and put them in the decoction, with Barley flower, and make a stiff Plaster; adding of common Oil ℥ iii. fresh Butter ℥ two, of fresh Swine's grease ℥ two. yolkes of Eggs nu. iii. mingle them again, with the Roots strained, and set them on the fire again, and stir them about, and make a Plaster, and use it twice a day.   

A Gratia Dei for all Wounds, and Ulcers.  
25 R. Of the greater and lesser Centaury, Woodbine, Alleluia, Plantain, Ribwort ana m. two. the greater, and lesser Comfrey, Mouseare, Clary, Yarrow, ana m. i flowers of Rosemary, Wormwood, Mugwort, ana m. ss. Roots of Madder ℥ iiii. Grains powdered ℥ two. flowers, and leaves of S. john's wort, Egrimony, Knot grass, Verveine, Horse tail, ana m. i. ss. cut them, and stamp them together, and add of fresh Swine's grease melted lib. i. ss. Oil of Roses odoriferous lib. two. clear Turpentine, Cow's Tallow, lib. two. ss. Sheep's Suet lib. i. stamp these again with lib. iii. of good Wine, and so leave them the space of 9 days in the Sun, then boil them on a soft fire till the Wine be consumed, then add of clear Turpentine ℥ viij. Mastic, Rosin of the Pine, ana ℥ iii. Gum Elem. ℥ two. white Wax sufficient: make a stiff Ointment, and malaxe it in good Wine, then in Goats, or Cow's milk, lastly in Aquavitae.   

An Emplaster to heal Cankers, Fistulaes', and malign Ulcers.  
26 R. Of lethargy of Gold lib. i. and powder it fine, Oil of Roses qr. i white Wine pi. i old Urine pi. ss. well clarified, Wine Vinegar pi. ss. Virgin Wax two penny weight, as much Olibanum, Myrrh one penny weight; these Gums finely powdered and searsed, then put all over the fire, ever stirring it till it grow black, then put in your Urine, and boil it one hour, ever stirring it, and it will be a most excellent Plaster.   

A Plaster for shrinking of Sinews.  
27 R. Of Water Cresses, and Camomile ana, grind them small, and fry them with wheaten Meal, and Honey, and lay it on a linen Cloth to the Sore, Plaster wise, as hot as you can suffer it, and change it twice a day.   

The Tobacco Salve for fresh Cuts.  
28 R. Of the juice of green English Tobacco qr. i. Salad Oil pi. i. a little Turpentine, a little Wax, and a little Verdigrease; boil them to a Consistence, and make a Plaster.  
Note, that the best Cloth for Plasters, is new Lockeram never used, the worst is Calico, and such Cloth as hath been starched.   

A Salve to heal any Wound.  
29 R. Virgin Wax lib. ss. sweet Butter clarified, ℥ iiii. Turpentine ℥ iiii. yolkes of Eggs nu. two. beaten to Froth, red Rose water ℥ iiii. Sugar Candy ʒ two. Flower, as much as shall suffice: boil all these together with a soft fire, stirring it well together as you put in the Flower, until it come to a perfect Plaster.   

A Plaster for the Gout, or Ache in the joints.  
30 R. Of Wax, Rosin, ana lib. ss. Olibanum ℥ i. white Lead ℥ ix. Litharge of Gold finely beaten, and searsed ℥ ix. Neat's foot Oil pi. i. set the Oil on the fire with the Wax, and Rosin; when they are melted put in a pint of white Wine, a while after put in the other Powders, and stir it fast with a stick, then drop a little, and when it is cold, if it be hard, it is enough; then take it off, and anoint a fair board with Neat's foot Oil, and when it is almost cold, work it thereon like Wax, and make it up in great rolls: when you use it, spread it upon linen Clothes, or Leather, and lay it warm on where the pain is; so renew it Morning, and Evening until it be whole: beware of cold, and hot Wines.   

The black Salve good for any fresh Wound.  
31 R. Of Oil Olive pi. i red Lead ℥ ix. stir them well together, and set them on the fire, and boil it fast until it look black, and if a drop stick to you finger, it is enough: beware lest any spark of fire fly into it in the boiling.   

A very good Salve to heal an old inveterate Sore.  
32 R. A pint of strong Ale, and set it on the fire, and put into it a quarter of an ounce of roche Allome, and a spoonful of good Honey, and as much Dear suet, or Sheep's suet, and a Crab, and let them seethe together till the fourth Part be consumed; then take three or four spoonfuls of wheat Flower, and mingle them together, and after put them into the rest of the Liquor; and set it on the fire, and stir it till it be thick; then take it from the fire, else it will be thin again, and put it into a pot; and when you will use it, spread it on a linen. Cloth a quarter of an inch thick, and let it lie fourteen hours, and when you take it away, wipe away the corruption very clean; then lay on another always warm.   

A Salve for all manner of Wounds, and Sores that be curable.  
33 R. Of Betony, Plantain, Smallage, of each lib. i. of the juice, and put it in a pan; add to it of clean new Wax ℥ two. of cleanest, and whitest Incense ℥ two. melt these by themselves with a soft fire, then put the juices thereto, and boil them together until all the juices be wasted, ever stirring it; then take it from the fire, and strain it through a Cloth; then take of Turpentine ℥ iii. and temper them together, when it is cold put it up: when you use it, chase a little in your hand, and spread it upon a Cloth broad and long enough to cover the Wounds, first washing the Wounds with white Wine, and Honey sodden together, blood warm, and dressing them Morning, and Evening, the Plasters being warm: if you wet a Tent in the said Wine, and put into the bottom of the Wound, it will draw out the corruption: if the Wound ache power in a little Oil Olive.    

Powders. CHAP. XXXV.  

A Powder for Hollow Ulcers.  
1 R. Frankincense, Mastic, Myrrh, sarcocol, Bolearmenike, Dragon's blood, Barley meal, ana. mix them in fine Powder, and sprinkle upon the Wound.   

A Powder to incarnate Wounds.  
2 R. Of Hogge Fennell, ℥ ss. Flouredeluce ʒ v. Myrrh ʒ iii. the greater, and lesser Centory, anaʒ two. round Aristolochia, Tuttie, Oppoponax, Meal of Orobus anaʒ two. ss. make all in fine Powder.   

A Powder to stay bleeding of a Wound.  
3 R. Quick Lime, Dragon's blood, Aloes, Frankincense, Copperas, ana. Incorporate them, being finely powdered with the white of an Egg, and Cobwebs, and apply it.   

A Powder Adstrictive to be used in stitching of Wounds with Clothes.  
4 R. Of Mill dust ʒ iii. Bolearmenicke, Frankincense, ana ℥ ss. Olibanum, Mastic, myrrh, anaʒ two. ss. Dragon's blood ℥ iii. ss. Bloodstone ʒ i make them in fine Powder, which ye shall use with the white of an Egg, and spread it upon a cloth, and lay it over night upon each side the Wound one, even with the edges, and on the morrow you may join the edges by stitching the clothes, and drawing them close.   

Holland's Powder for the Colic.  
5 R. Aniseed, ana ℥ ss. Bay Berries ℥ ss. Fennell Seed,  Coriander Seed,  Smalladge Seed, Seine, the weight of all the rest: make a powder of them, and give it in white Wine, ʒ i ss. at a time. Parseley Seed, Commin Seed, Grain of Paradise, Agat Stone, Milfoile,  Seed of Caraways,  Seed of Broome,  Ginger,  Long Pepper,  Nutmegs,    

To make the Powder called Pulvis sanctus, to Purge, the Dose whereof, is, ʒ i ss.  
6 R. Of the leaves of Seine, white Tartar ana ℥ ss. Cloves, Cinnamon ana ℥ ss. Diagredium ℈ two gr Galingale, Ammi viij. good Rhubarb ʒ i. Salt Gem, gr. 20. Ginger ℈ ss. Agaricke ℈ two. beat all into fine Powder, and mingle them.   

A Powder for an Ague.  
7 R. Carduus Benedictus, the Herb Mercury, Plantain leaves, Centaury, Rue, ana powder them, and drink it in Posset drink, two, or three nights together, before you go to bed, and sweat upon it, the Dose is ʒ i. at a time.   

Powder of Turbith to purge Phlegm for Women, Children, or old Men, or for delicate Persons that live without labour.  
8 R. White Ginger, Mastic, ana. ʒ x. Turbith, finely powdered ʒ v. Sugar, as much as all the rest, mingle them together in fine powder.   

A dredge Powder that purgeth Choler, Phlegm, and Melancholy.  
9 R. Turbith ℥ i. Ginger, Cinnamon, Mastic, Galingale, Grains of Paradise, Cloves, Aniseed, the Herb called Mercury's Finger, Diagredium, ana. ℥ ss. leaves of Seine ℥ two. Sugar ℥ iiii. mingle them, and powder them finely.   

A Sneezing Powder.  
10 R. Roots of Sneezing Wort, or Bartram, ℥ i. Castoreum ℥ ss. white Elebor, and black Elebor ana ℥ i. Marjorame m. i. mingle them, and make them into Powder.   

A most excellent Powder to provoke Urine, and to send forth the Gravel and Stone.  
11 R. A Flint Stone, and beat it in a Mortar to a most fine and subtle Powder, scarce it, and keep it in a Bladder till you have occasion to use it; then take half a Dram at once fasting at time of need in white Wine, or ●osset Ale, or such like.   

To make white Damask Powder.  
12 R. Of Scuttle bone in fine Powder, lib. ss. add thereto of Musk cod, ℥ ss. or pure Musk Civet, and Amber Greece, ana. ʒ iii.   

To make common sweet Powder.  
13 R. Of Ireos ℥ iiii. Calamus Aromaticus, Cyprus, Sweet Marjoram, red Roses, ana. ℥ ss. Lavender, Origanum, Nigella, anaʒ two. Orange, or Lemon Peeles, ʒ two. Clove dust ℥ two. make all in fine Powder, and mingle them.   

To make Damask Powder.  
14 R. Of Orris lib. i. red Rose leaves dried, ℥ iiii. Cloves, ʒ vi. Saunders, Citrine, sweet Marjoram, ℥ ss. Calamus Aromaticus, Cyprus' Roots, Coriander, ana, ʒ iiii. Powder them, and add of Storax, Calamint, ʒ vi. and Musk ʒ i. or of Musk Cod ʒ iiii. beaten into small pieces.   

A Powder for the Falling sickness.  
15 R. A Man's Skull that hath been dead but one year, bury it in the Ashes behind the fire, and let it burn until it be very white, and easy to be broken with your finger; then take off all the uppermost part of the Head to the top of the Crown, and beat it as small as is possible; then grate a Nutmeg, and put to it, and the blood of a Dog dried, and powdered; mingle them all together, and give the sick to drink, first, and last, both when he is sick, and also when he is well, the quantity of half a Dram at a time in white Wine.   

A Powder for the Gout.  
16 R. Of fine Ginger the weight of two Groats, Elecampane Rootes dried twice as much, Liquorice the weight of eight Groats, Sugar candy ℥ iii. beat all into fine Powder, searce them, and mingle them, and drink thereof all times of the day.   

A Powder to rub the Teeth, and keep them white.  
17 R. White Bread, Coral, Heart's horn, ana ℥ ss. Allome ʒ i. Sage, and Roses ana m. i. Oyster shells, and Egg shells ana m. two. make them into fine Powder, and rub the Teeth: also pieces of Cheiney dishes powdered is excellent to rub the Teeth.   

A Powder to staunch bleeding at the Nose.  
18 R. Truboll ʒ three Dragons blood, Frankincense, Aloes, Mastic anaʒ i hairs of the belly of an old Hare small cut ʒ ss. make them in Powder, and blow them into the Nose, and make a Tent of Cotton to hold it in.   

A Powder for the Green sickness.  
19 R. Steel Powder ℥ i. Nutmegs nu. i. Liquorice ʒ two. powder them, and take as much Sugar as the quantity of the Powder, and mingle them; then take thereof as much as will lie on a shilling every Morning fasting, and an hour, and a half after, take some water Gruel, or other thin Broth, using some exercise presently after; do the like at Night, an hour before you go to bed, and use some exercise until you go to bed: you must forbear Milk, and Fruits, and Meats made of Milk.   

A Powder for the Stone.  
20 R. Of Holland's Powder ʒ i. a little long Pepper, and the Seeds, or Kernels that be in Ashe keys, powder them, and put them into white Wine, or stolen Ale, and drink it first and last blood-warme.   

A Powder for the Falling sickness.  
21 R. The Skull of a man that hath been dead but one year, and bury it in the Ashes behind the fire, and let it burn until it be marvellous white, and so well burned that you may break it with your finger; then take off all the uppermost part of the Head to the top of the Crown, and beat it as small as is possible, then grate a Nutmeg, and put to it, then take Dogs blood, and dry it, and make Powder thereof, and mingle as much with the other Powder, as the Powder weighs, and give it the sick to drink, both when he is well, and when he is sick, first, and last, and it will help him by God's grace.   

A Powder for the black jaundice.  
22 R. A platterfull of great Earthworms, and wash them very clean; then sprinkle them with Salt to scour themselves to death; then wash them very clean again, and lay them one by one in a Platter, than set them in an Oven after the bread is drawn, and there let them stand until they be so dry that they may be powdered; then powder them very fine, and put the Powder in a Bladder, which you may keep a whole year: when you would use it, take a spoonful thereof, and put it into a good draught of Beer, or Ale, then put in a little Powder of English Saffron, and a little jet powdered, and as much Treacle as an Hasell Nut, and a race of Turmerick grated, then warm it Blood-warme, and give it the Patient to drink, and let him fast three hours after.   

A Powder for a Stitch.  
23 R. For a Man, the Leaves of she Holly, for a woman, of He Holly, dry them, and powder them, and put thereof into your drink, or broth.    

Waters. CHAP. XXXVI.  

A good Water for Heats, and Inflammations of the Eyes.  
1 R. Of Aloes Epatick, purest Sugar, Turty stone powdered ana ℥ i. red Rosewater, white Wine ana lib. two. in a double Glass set them in Balneo Maria five, or six days, often shaking it about.   

A Water to cleanse a filthy cankerous Ulcer.  
2 R. Plantain water, red Rose water ana lib. i. juice of Night shade, Houseleek, and Plantain ana ℥ iiii. red Roses m. ss. Myrtles, Cypress Nuts ana ℥ ss. of the rind of the Pomegranate ʒ three flowers of S. john's wort, p. two. flowers of Molleyn p. i. Mastic, Myrrh, Frankincense anaʒ i. Honey of Roses lib. i. ℥ iiii. powder that which is to be powdered, and distil them all together, R. of this distilled Water lib. i. therein dissolve conserve of Roses ℥ vi. and Syrup of dry Roses ℥ i. with Oil of Brimstone xii. drops, and use it.   

An excellent Water for the ulceration of the Yard.  
3 R. Water wherein Iron hath been often quenched lib. two. red Roses ℥ iiii. Pomegranate Pills, and Flowers anaʒ two. Plantain, Houseleek ana ℥ iii. ss. Honey of Roses, Turpentine, ana lib. ss. Allome ℥ vi. white Coperas ʒ three boil them in a clean vessel until half be wasted; then strain it, and add Verdigrease ℥ iii. boil them again, or if you will, Filter it.   

A Water for a Fistula.  
4 R. White Wine one pint, juice of Sage ℥ i. Borace in Powder 3. d. weight, Camphire powdered the weight of a Groat, boil all together a pretty while on a gentle fire, and with this Water wash the Fistula.   

A Water for the Toothache.  
5 R. Red Rose leaves m. ss. Pomegranate flowers, m. ss. Galls sliced thin n. two. boil them all in three quarters of a pint of red Wine, and half a pint of fair Water until the third part be wasted, then strain it, and hold a little thereof in your mouth a good while, then spit out, and take more; also if your Cheek swell, apply the strainings between two Clothes as hot as may be suffered.   

A Water for the Sight.  
6 R. Smallage, Fennell, Rue, Egrimony, Daffodil, Pimpernell, and Sage ana, distil them with breast Milk, and a little Frankincense, and drop of it into your Eyes each night.   

A precious Water for Sore Eyes, and to restore the Sight.  
7 R. Smallage, Rue, Fennell, Verveine, Egrimony, Scabious, Avens, Houndstongue, Eufrace, Pimpernell, Sage, ana, Distil all these together with a little Urine of a Man child, and a little Frankincense, and drop it into the Eyes at Night.   

A Water for a Sore Mouth.  
8 R. Red Fennell, red Sage, Daisy roots, Woodbine leaves ana m. i. Roche Allome ʒ i English Honey one spoonful: boil them together in a pint of Water, and wash the mouth therewith.   

A precious Water for Sore Legs, and for the Canker in the Mouth, or any other place.  
9 R. Of Woodbine leaves, Ribwort, Plantain, Abinte, ana m. i. English Honey purified, three spoonfuls, Roche Allome a quantity, put all these into a quantity of running Water, and let it seethe to a Pottle, or less; then keep the Water in a pure Earthen vessel well glazed, and wash the Sore therewith twice a day.   

A Water for a Canker.  
10 R. The Bark of an Elder tree, Sorrell, Sage, ana, beat them, and strain them, and temper the juice with White Wine, and wash the Sore therewith.   

A Water to take away Pimples, or Heat in the Face.  
11 R. A spoonful of  Allome, and put it into a sawcerfull of good white Wine Vinegar, and stir it well together, and when you go to bed, dip a linen Cloth in the Vinegar, and wet your Face therewith, and it will dry up the Weals, and take away Redness.   

A Water for to clear the Face.  
12 R. Lemons n. two. slice them, and steep them in a pint of Conduit water, let them infuse four, or five days, close covered, then strain them, and dissolve in the Water the quantity of a Hasell Nut of Sublimate (some hold a Dram a good proportion) finely powdered; let the Patient wet a Cloth therein, and rub her face every Morning, and Evening until the hue do please her: you may make the same stronger, or weaker, as you please.   

A Water for the Morphewe.  
13 R. White Wine Vinegar q. i. Distil it to a pint, than put therein Eggs with the shells, n. two. r●d Dock roots scraped, and sliced, n. two. three spoonfuls of the flower of Brimstone, so let it stand three days before you use it: you must tie a little Wheat Bran in a Cloth, and wash therewith Night, and Morning, nine days together.   

Another Water for the same.  
14 First, to bring the Morphewe out, R. every Morning fasting the quantity of a Nut of Treacle, either in Strawberry, or Fumetary water for nine, or ten Mornings together. Then R. Sulphur vivum ℥ ss. and as much Camphire finely beaten, and seared, infuse both in a pint of the strongest white Wine Vinegar; shake it twice, or thrice for one day, then use it to rub the place tainted.   

A Water for heat in the Face, and to clear the Skin.  
15 R. The juice of Lemons, and therein dissolve common Salt, and with a Cloth wet your Face when you go to bed.   

A Water to preserve the Face young a great while.  
16 R. Of Sulphur vivum ℥ i white Olibanum ℥ two. Myrrh ℥ two. Amber ʒ vi. make them all into fine powder, and put them into one pound of Rosewater, and distil them in Balneo Mariae, and keep the Water in a close vessel; when you would use it, wet a linen Cloth therein, and wash the Face before you go to bed, and in the Morning wash it with Barley water, or Spring water. The Water of Beane flowers, Lily flowers, Water Lilies, distilled Milk, distilled Water of young Whelps, are good to wash the face, and procure it lovely.   

A Water to make the face Smooth, and Lovely.  
17 R. Of Cow's Milk lib. two. Oranges, and Lemons ana n. iiii. of the whitest, and purest Sugar, and Roche Allome ana ℥ i. distil them together: let the Lemons, and Oranges be cut into slices, and infused in the Milk, adding the Sugar, and Allome; then distil them all in Balneo Mariae, and you shall have an excellent Water to wash the Face; and about bed time you shall cover your face with clothes dipped therein.   

Another for the same.  
18 R. Snails gathered in a Vineyard; juice of Lemons; the flowers of white Mullaine, mixed together in equal proportion, with a like quantity of the Liquor contained in the Bladders of Elm leaves distilled all together, is very good for the same purpose.   

Also this.  
19 R. The crumbs of white Bread lib. iiii. Beane flowers, white Roses, flowers of water Lilies, and Flower de luce, ana lib. two. Cow's Milk lib. vi. Eggs nu. viij. of the purest Vinegar lib. i. distil them all in an Alimbeck of Glass, and you shall have a most excellent Water to wash your Hands, and Face.   

Another.  
20 R. A live Capon, and the Cheese newly made of Goat's Milk, and Lemons, n. iiii. Eggs n. vi. Cerus washed in Rose water ℥ two. Boras ℥ i. ss. Camphire ʒ two. Water of Beane flowers lib. iiii. infuse them all for the space of four, and twenty hours, and then distil them in a Limbeck of Glass.  
Also, take Mutton bones severed from the flesh by boiling, beat them, and boil them in Water; and when they are well boiled, take them from the fire; and when the Water is cold, gather the fat that swims upon it, and therewith anoint your Face when you go to bed, and wash it in the Morning with the formerly prescribed Water.   

A Water for Redness, and Pimples in the Face, which for the Milky whiteness is called Virgins Milk.  
21 R. Litharge of Gold ℥ two. Cerus, and common Salt ana ℥ ss. Vinegar, and Plantain water ana ℥ two. Camphire ʒ ss. steep the lethargy, and Cerus severally in Vinegar for three hours, and the Salt, and Camphire in what Water you please, and like best for your purpose; then Filter them both severally, and mix them so Filtered when as you would use them.   

To make a precious Water.  
22 R. Cloves, Cinnamon, ana ℥ i. Mastic, Mace, Camphire ana ℥ two. beat all these to fine Powder, and let them stand in six spoonful of good white Wine Vinegar the space of four, and twenty hours, than put it into a Pottle of good Rose water, and so let it stand two days in some warm place; then put thereto three quarters of a pound of good hard Sugar, and distil it with a gentle fire. This Water is pleasant, and good for the mouth, it preserveth the Gums, and scoureth the palate, and keepeth white the Teeth, and free from all corruption; it maketh sweet the breath, being gargarized in the Mouth: wash the Face, and Hands therewith, and it will clear the skin, and add much beauty to them; and if you sprinkle a toast of wheaten Bread with three, or four drops of this Water, and eat it a few Nights together last to bedward, it will make the breath very sweet.   

To make Aqua mirabilis.  
23 R. Galingale, Cloves, Quibibes, Ginger, melilot, Cardemony, Maces, Nutmegs, anaʒ i. of the juice of Celandine ℥ viij. powder the Spices, and mingle them with the juice, and add thereto Aqua vitae one pint, and white Wine three pints; then put them all in a Stillatory of Glass, and let them infuse all Night, and in the Morning distil it with an easy fire.  
This Water helpeth much the Lungs, and healeth them if they be much wounded, or perished; it suffereth not the Blood to putrify, so that there shall be no need of Phlebotomy; it is good against Phlegm, and Melancholy, and expelleth Rheum mightily, and purgeth the Stomach; it comforteth youth in his own estate, and gendereth a good colour, and conserveth their Visage, and Memory; it destroyeth the Palsy of the Liver, and Tongue; and if the said Water be given to a man, or woman labouring towards death, one spoonful relieveth: of all Waters artificial, this is counted the best, and in the Summer use once a week fasting, the quantity of a spoonful, and in Winter as much more.   

A Water for a Canker in the Mouth.  
24 R. The inner bark of an Elder tree, and boil it with white wine Vinegar; then strain it, and put into it a good quantity of Honey, and a race of Ginger grated; boil them together a pretty while; then take a Cloth, and wash the Mouth therewith, and it will heal the Canker.   

A Water for sore Eyes.  
25 R. A good handful of young red Fennel; as much Eyebright; Sugar candy, the quantity of a Walnut; as much white Coperas as a Bean; boil all these in a pint of running Water till half be consumed in a well leaded Earthen Vessel; then strain it, and let it settle; then put the clearest into a Glass, and drop it into your Eyes as you have need.   

For sore Eyes.  
26 R. An Egg, and roast it hard; then cleave it, and take out the Yolk, and fill the hole with white Coperas, and press it hard in a clean Cloth, and wash your Eyes with the Water.   

A Water for a Webb, or Pearl in the Eye.  
27 R. Strong easel, or Vinegar, and put it in a vessel of Brass, with black Sloes of the hedge, Led, and Wormwood, and let them stand well covered nine, or ten days; then drain out the Water, and keep it to your use; and when you have occasion, put a drop into the corner of the Eye.   

To make easel.  
28 R. A quantity of Beane flower, and knead it with Vinegar, and bake it; then take it out of the Oven, and wash it all over with Vinegar, and bake it again; do thus twice, or thrice, and when it is well soaked with Vinegar, put it into Wine, and it will turn it into easel.   

A precious Water for dimness of Sight.  
29 R. Roche Allome, and powder it small, and put it into a quantity of fair running Water, and let it stand an hour to dissolve; then put a little Brass pot into the Earth to the brim, and cover it with a clean linen Cloth, and let the Water with Allome run through the Cloth into the pot; and then put to it a little quantity of Quicksilver (to a pint of Water half an ounce) and always keep it covered; then put another little vessel on the top of the Cloth, and make in it a little easy fire with Coals for an hour; then put this Water in a Glass, and put away the Quicksilver; and with this Water anoint the Eyes.   

A Water for the Humour which falls into the Eyes.  
30 R. Of red Rose water ℥ vi. white Wine ℥ vi. Eye-bright water ℥ vi. Lapis Tutiaeʒ three Aloes Epaticke ʒ iii. fine white Sugar powdered ʒ iiii. put all these in a Glass with a narrow mouth, and Sun them for one Month, and shake them once, or twice a day: make it in the hottest time of the year.   

A Drink to purge away Gravel breeding in the Kidneys.  
31 R. Green Parseley, white Saxifrage, Pairestone herb, Ashen leaves, ana m. i. Eringoe Rootes m. two. sliced, and pound; beat all together in a Mortar, and boil them with six Gallons of Ale, or Beer wort, as Beer, and Ale is boiled; then work it as Beer, and ton it up in a vessel to draw out; and after it hath stood three, or four days, drink a pint every Morning only; if it be too sharp, sweeten it with Sugar.   

A Water to be used in extremity of the Stone, when it stoppeth the Water.  
32 R. The small River fish called a Gudgeon, wash them clean, and boil them in Water with Parseley, Harts tongue, brown Fennell, and Way-broad leaves, till they be all to pieces; then strain it upon a Table Napkin held between two men, rubbing it up, and down upon it till the juice be fully out; set the Liquor on the fire, and put therein a pennyworth of round Pepper, two pennyworth of Sugar, and a little sweet Butter; boil it again very well, and give the Patient to drink in extremity: or take a little thereof Mornings, and Evenings, if the body be subject to Gravel.   

A Water to destroy any Pearl, or Webb, or any Blood shotten in the Eyes.  
33 R. Of Maidenhair, Ground Ivy, ana m. i. Archangel flowers a quarter of a handful, wash them, and swing them clean from the water, and stamp them small, and strain them with a little strong Ale, and with a feather drop three, or four drops into the Eye three times a day, at Morning, Evening, and Night.   

A Water for the Stone.  
34 R. Half a Gallon of Milk from the Cow, then take Saxifrage, Parseley, Pellitary of the Wall, Mothertime, green Sage, Radish roots ana m. i. steep them over Night, and distil them in the Morning, and take hereof vi. spoonfuls, as much white Wine, and the third part of a Nutmeg roasted, and drink it in the Morning fasting.   

Doctor Stevens his Aqua composita.  
35 R. A Gallon of Gascoigne wine, Ginger, Galingale, Nutmegs, Cinnamon, Cloves, Mace, and Grains, Aniseeds, Fennel seeds, and Carraway seeds, anaʒ i. Sage, red Mints, red Rose leaves, Time, Pellitary of Spain, Rosemary, wild Time, Camomile, Lavender, ana m. i. beat the Spices small, bruise the herbs, letting them stand in the Wine twelve hours; then distil them in a Limbeck, and keep the first Water by itself, which will be about a pint; then take the second Water, which is good, but not so good as the first.  
This Water comforteth the Vital spirits, and cureth inward diseases engendered of cold, and helpeth the Palsy, the Contraction of Sinews; it maketh women apt for Conception, and killeth Worms in the body; sendeth forth the Stone in the Bladder, cureth the cold Cough, and Toothache, and calefieth a cold Stomach; it is good against the Dropsy, Stone in the Kidneys, stinking Breath; and preserveth youth, and good colour very long if it be not used too often.   

To procure Beauty, and cleanse the Face, or Hands.  
36 R. An old Capon, pluck him, and take out his Garbage, and make him very clean within with a dry Cloth, but wash him not; then fill the body full of the juice, and Meat of Lemons, than R. of Fennell m. i Cloves nu. xii. bruised, Camphire ℥ i. lay your Camphire in water till it be dissolved; then put one spoonful of Water with all the rest into the Capon; then distil it in an Earthen distillatory, and you shall have a precious Water.   

A red Water to cure Ulcers.  
37 R. Of the Ashes of Ashe wood, one Peck; a Gallon, and a half of water; make thereof a Gallon of Lie; put to it one Gallon of Tanowse not used with any Leather; one pound of Madder crumbled small into the Tanowse; and roche Allome lib. ss. boil these to the half upon a soft fire; then let it run through a Canvasse bag; and after you have washed the Sore therewith, wet a Cloth therein; and lay it upon the Sore; it both cleanseth, and healeth.   

A Water to cool the Liver.  
38 R. Savory, Endive, Borage, Sorrell ana m. i Leeks, Violet leaves, Buglos, Liverwort, ana m. ss. boil all these in running Water to the consumption of half; then scum it, and strain; it then set it upon the fire again, and boil it gently, and put thereto of Vinegar ℥ two. as much Sugar as will make it pleasant to drink; and keep it in a Viol for your use.   

For sore Eyes.  
39 R. Of Lapis Calaminaris the quantity of a Walnut, put it in the fire until it be red hot, then quench it in a little white, or Rhenish Wine, and so do for seven times; then put it into a Marble mortar, and beat it exceeding small; then put the same into six, or eight spoonfuls of red Rose water in a small Glass, and take a little piece of a Sponge tied to a thread, and hang it in the Water, and when you would use it, shake it, that the thickness in the bottom of the Glass may run unto the Sponge; then opening the Eye, drop therein a drop or two out of the Sponge; do this two or three times a day, and it will ease the Soreness, and cure the Bloodshot.   

A Water for a Sore Mouth, to be made in May for all the year.  
40 R. Vnsett Hyssop, Plantain, Violet leaves, Cullumbine leaves, Strawberry leaves, Cinkefoile leaves, Woodbine leaves, red Rose leaves dried, ana m. i. a good piece of roche Allome burnt, three spoonfuls of Honey, a pottle of running Water; bruise all the herbs, and put them into the Water, and boil them in a Pipkin from a Pottle to a Quart; then take blue Figs sliced in the middle nu. two. put them into the Pipkin, and cover it with a Paper, and set it in the Sun four, or five days, or more, and then strain it, and put it into a Glass.   

A Water for a bruised Eye.  
41 R. The juice of Daisy roots being clean washed, and dried; the juice of Fennell, the white of an Egg well beaten ana. Rose water a little; temper all these together; then take a little Pledget of Flax wet therein, and lay on the Eye; but first drop a drop, or two of the Water into the Eye.   

Another for dim Eyes.  
42 R. Ground Ivy, Celandine, Daisies, ana Stamp them, and strain them, and put thereto a little Rose water, and drop a little into the Eyes with a Feather; It cureth Inflammations, Spots, Webs, Itch, Smarting, or any other grief in the Eyes.   

To make Hydromell, or Honeyed Water.  
43 R. Of Fountain water lib. xv. fine Honey lib. i mix all in one pot, adding a little Fennell, and a handful of Eyebright; tie all together with a thread, and put it into the pot, and let it seethe until the third part of the Water be consumed; and in the seething, scum it clean.   

To make a good Ptisan.  
44 R. A pot of Brass, or Earth, and put therein a Gallon of fair water, and one handful of Hyssop, and two spoonfuls of Honey; then take Liquorice ℥ ss. and beat it well, and put it into the pot, and boil them all together a quarter of an hour; then strain it, and let it stand until it be cold, and drink thereof last when thou goest to bed, and it will Cool, and Moisten, and drive the Phlegm from thy Stomach, and profit thee very much.   

A Water to heal any Sore Leg.  
45 R. Running water one quart, Allome roche as much as an Egg, bay Salt a spoonful, or somewhat more, if it be full of dead flesh, Wheat flower to the quantity of an Egg; beat the white of an Egg, the Flower, and bay Salt together, and put it into the Water as it boileth, with a branch of Rosemary, stirring it continually: In using this Water do thus; three times in the day wet Clothes, and lay on the Wound, in the Morning wet them with the Water to loosen them from the Sore, and then dress them, and so again at Noon, and Night.   

Water of Coperas.  
46 R. Coperas, grind it all to Powder, than put a little Water to it, and so let it stand a Day, and a Night; then strain it through a Cloth: this Water is good for sore Eyes, Canker in the Mouth, and Noli me tangere.   

For the Spots of the Morphew, a Water.  
47 R. Four Eggs, roast them hard, and put them all broken into a pint pot to a pint of Vinegar, and let it stand so three Days, and three Nights well stopped; and then cleanse it through a linen Cloth, and wash the Spots therewith till they be away.   

To take away the root of the Morphew.  
48 R. Of Fumetary m. viij. Borage, Scabious ana m. iiii. bray them together in a Mortar, and put thereto a Pottle of clean Whey; then strain them, and set them on the fire till the scum rise, then take it off, and strain it, and then set them over the fire again, and put thereto a good quantity of clarified Honey, and boil them well together as long as any scum will rise: take hereof a good draught in a Morning.   

An excellent Water to help Pimples in the Face, and it is good for sore Eyes, and Pearls in the Eyes, or any Ache in the Head, Shoulders, or Knees.  
49 R. A pint of white Wine, white Coperas ʒ two. Allome ℥ ss. Camphire, and Brimstone anaʒ two. beat all these very small in a Mortar, and then put it into the Wine, and shake it all together half an hour, and let it stand two days before you use it; you may keep it a whole year. When you  any Ache with it, heat a little thereof in a Saucer, and with a Cloth bathe the Member at the fire.   

A Drink against the small Pox, or any Fever.  
50 R. Of the herb Scabious m. ss. Figs dry nu. vi. Liquorice ℥ ss. slice them, and boil them in a pint of Springwater to the consumption of half, then add a pennyworth of Saffron: hereof take three spoonfuls in the Morning warm.   

A Drink against the Plague, Pox, Measells, and other infectious Diseases.  
51 R. Three pints of Malmsey, and boil therein of Sage, and Rue ana m. i. till one pint be wasted; then strain it, and set it on the fire again, and put thereto one pennyworth of long Pepper, half an ounce of Ginger, a quarter of an ounce of Nutmegs, all beaten together; let it boil a little, and then put to it four pennyworth of Treacle, and a quarter of a pint of the best Angelica water.  
Take every Morning and Evening half a spoonful at a time for a preservative against infection; and if you be infected, take two spoonfuls, and sweat thereupon.   

A precious Water for the Stone.  
52 In May take the herb called Ramsins, and distil it; put unto your Water the same proportion of white Wine, and distil them again together.   

A Water to make the Face, and Hands white.  
53 R. The leaves of Nettles, dry them, and make thereof Powder, and put that Powder in Water, and boil it; and therewith wash your Face; and Hands: gather your Nettles in May before the Sun riseth, and you may keep them all the year.   

A Water for Pimples, and heat in the Face.  
54 R. A spoonful of  Allome, put it into a Sawcerfull of white wine Vinegar, and stir it well together; and at Night when you go to bed, dip a Cloth into it, and wet the Sore places.   

A Water to make the Stone slip, and to provoke Urine.  
55 R. Half a pint of white Wine, and boil it, and in the boiling put in half an ounce of castle Soap sliced thin; when it is dissolved, drink thereof blood-warme.   

For a Pearl, or Web, or Blood-shotten Eye.  
56 R. Of Maidenhair, and ground Ivy m. i Archangel flowers pu. i. wash them clean, and swing them dry; then stamp them, and strain them with a little good Ale; and with a feather drop a drop, or two into the sore Eye thrice in a day: if the Eye be much Blood-shotten, take more of the Ivy.   

A Water for an old Sore.  
57 R. Flint stones nu. three vel iiii. burn them to Lime, and slake them in Running water; then take Allome, and do the like therewith; boil them two hours; then put thereto Bolearmenick, green Coperas, Camphire ana q. s. boil them all one hour after they are dissolved, and then strain it, and put it up.   

To make Aqua coelestis, the Celestial Water.  
58 Aqua coelestis is of two kinds; if you mingle with it as much of the Water called Mother of Balm, and distil it again, you have the Treasure of all Medicines.  
First, of the Virtues of these two Waters; the first Water is of such Virtue, that if you put it into a fresh Wound, it healeth it in four, and twenty hours, so it be not Mortal; and it healeth malign Ulcers, Cankers, Noli me tangere, and old Wounds within the space of fifteen days, if you wash it with the said Water every third day; and if you put a drop of it upon a Carbuncle, it mortifieth the malignity thereof shortly; also if you put of the same Water into the Eye that hath lost his sight, if not utterly, it shall be recovered within eight days at the uttermost; and if a Man drink a drop of it with a little good Wine, it breaketh the Stone in the space of two hours in the Reins, or Bladder; it mollifieth hardened Sinews, if you wash them therewith: This Water must be used from November to April, and but half a spoonful at once, once a week.   

It is thus made.  
First, you must have a vessel of Glass a Cubite high, or thereabouts, and fill it with Aqua vitae made of good Wine, and see that it be well luted, and then cover it in Horse dung, or Doves dung, so that it be not too moist, nor too hot, lest the Glass break: leave the neck of the Glass without in the air; this will boil mightily; and so let it stand thirty days; then draw out the Glass, and put these things following into the Water, and stop the mouth close, and so leave it eight days: lastly, put the Glass in Balneo Mariae, with Sand, setting on a head, with a receiver well luted, and make a slow fire, and gather the first Water; whiles it seemeth to drop down clear; but when it turneth red, then change the receiver, for this is the second Water, which you shall keep in a Glassewell stopped: The Spices to be put in are these, good Cinnamon, Cloves, Ginger, Galingale, Nutmegs, Zedoary, long Pepper, and round, roots of Citron, Spikenard, Lignum Aloes, Cubebs, Cardamomum, Calamus Aromaticus, Germander, S. john's wort, Maces, white Frankincense, round Turmentill, hermodactils, the pith of white walwort, juniper, Laurel berries, the seed of Mugwort, Smalllage, Fennell, Anise, flowers of Basile, Rosemary, Sage leaves, Margerome, Mints, Penniroyall, Sticados, flowers of Elder, red Roses, and white, Rue, Scabious, Lunary, Centaury the lesser, Egrimony, Fumitary, Pimpernell, Dandelion, Eufrage, Maidenhair, Endive, seeds of Sorrel, yellow Sanders, Aloes Epatich, ana ℥ two. Ambrosine, fine Rhubarb, ana ℥ two. dry Figs, Raisins, Dates without stones, sweet Almonds, Pine kernels, ana ℥ i. Aqua vitae made with good Wine to the quantity of them all, and four times as much Sugar as they be all; of white Honey lib. two. then put to the underwritten Roots, of Gentian, flowers of Rosemary, Nigella that grows in the Corn, Bryony, root of the herb called Panis Porcinus Hogs bread, seed of Wormwood anaʒ ss. before you distil the Water you must quench in it a hot plate of Gold oftentimes, and put to it Oriental pearls, which must lie covered with Water, else they lose their colour; and so distil it.    

Cataplasmes, or Poultices. CHAP. XXXVII.  

An excellent Cataplasm for any Swelling, Apostume, rankling Wound, or broken Bone.  
R. Of new Milk one pint, seethe in it, until it be thick, the crumbs of fine white bread; then take it from the fire, and put into it the white of an Egg, and one spoonful of Salad Oil first well beaten together, and stir it well, and lay it to the place as hot as can be suffered: it will serve twice.   

A Poultis for a sore Breast.  
2 R. Of Neat's foot Oil pi. i. of Marigold leaves m. i. make it thick with wheaten Bread, and put into it a little Saffron, and boil it to a Poultis.   

A Poultis for a sore Throat.  
3 R. A Swallows nest, and boil it in Water to a Poultis, and bind it to the Neck, and Throat as hot as you can.   

A Poultis for any Swelling that comes of a hot cause.  
4 R. A Lapful of wild Mallows; boil them in running Water until they be tender, then swing them in a Cloth, and chop them small; then take a pennyworth of sweet Butter, and the crumbs of Manchet, and put the Mallows, and all, into a quart of Milk, and boil it until it be thick, and lay it to the grief as hot as can be suffered.   

A Poultis to be applied to the bottom of the Belly to break Wind, and move Urine.  
5 R. Figs, and the herb Grownsell, ana m. i. boil them in running Water to a Poultis.   

Another for the same.  
6 R. The dung of a Stoned horse boiled in white Wine to a Poultis, and applied to the bottom of the Belly.   

Another.  
7 R. Hemlock, boil it in a sufficient quantity of fresh Butter, and lay it to the Belly.   

A Poultis for the Sciatica.  
8 R. Of Time m. iiii. boil it in a sufficient quantity of white Wine, unto the thickness of a Cataplasm, and apply it hot.   

A Cataplasm to suppurate a cold Tumour.  
9 R. Of the root of marsh Mallows, and Lilies, ana ℥ iiii. the root of Bryony, and wild cucumber ana ℥ iii. Oil of Lilies lib. ss. Oil of Costus ℥ iiii. Wine ℥ two. boil them until the Wine be consumed, and after it is strained, add thereto Meal of Linseed, and Fenugreek ana ℥ two. Leaven ʒ i ss. Ducks, and Goose grease ana ℥ iii. mix them to the form of a Cataplasm.   

A Cataplasm to assuage Pain, and suppurate tumors.  
10 R. Of the leaves of Mallows m. two. groundsel m. i bind them in a linen Cloth, and boil them in Veal broth till they be tender; then stamp them very small, and add thereto of new Cream lib. ss. crumbs of white Bread ℥ seven. Sheep's suet shred small lib. ss. Oil of Roses ℥ iiii. boil them until they be thick, and in the cooling, add thereto the whites of two Eggs.   

A Poultis for a Plague Sore, or Carbuncle.  
11 R. Of Lily roots ℥ two. Mallows, Marshmallowes, Violets ana m. i. Meal of Linseed, Barley, and Wheat meal ana ℥ i two dry Figs of equal bigness, flowers of Camomile, and Violets ana p. i. Elder flowers ℥ ss. boil them, and strain them through a Cloth, and add thereto Sow's grease, Hen's grease, and Calves suet ana ℥ i. ss. Oil of sweet Almonds, or Lilies ana ℥ iii. Saffron ʒ ss. make a Poultis.   

A Cataplasm for the Shingles, to be applied cold.  
12 R. Of fresh Doves dung q. ss. mingle it with wheat Bran, and apply it as a Poultis, and cover it with a Colewort leaf for three days, and it cureth.   

A Cataplasm for a Wrench, or Strain.  
13 R. Of Brookelime, Parsely, groundsel ana q. ss. Sheep's suet as much as shall suffice for your herbs, chop them small together, and boil them in Urine, and so hot apply them upon a blue Cloth.   

A Cataplasm for the King's Evil, or the Tumour called Scrophula.  
14 R. Of Weybroad, called also Ribwort, Plantain, Woodbine, Shepherd's purse, Betony, wild Camomile, Scabious, Nightshade, Egrimony, ana m. iii. beat them together in a Mortar, and strain out the juice; take as much Honey as of those juices, also as much juice of Parseley as of all the rest; and again, as much Honey as of that: boil all together, and put into it as much Barley bran as will make it into the form of a Poultis.   

A Cataplasm to stay Flux of Blood in any part.  
15 R. Frankincense, Aloes, Dragon's blood, Bolearmen ana. equal parts; mingle them with the white of an Egg, and the hairs of the Belly of an old Hare a little shred: apply it.   

A Cataplasm for a sore Breast.  
16 R. Frankincense, and mix it with Fuller's Earth, and Oil of Roses, and apply it; for it helpeth the hardness, and Inflammation of them, after the women are delivered of Child.   

A Poultis for a sore Breast.  
17 R. Turnips nu. iii. or iiii. pair them pretty thick, and boil the parings in new Milk, and make a Poultis, and lay to the breast hot; use this, and it will cure it.   

A good Poultis for an Impostume, or any sudden Swelling in any part of the Body. Also for a sore Breast.  
18 R. Of French Barley a pint, beat it fine, put to it half so much Linseed beaten fine; then take a handful of Mallows shred small, and put all these into a quart of new Milk, and seethe them till it be thick; then spread it on a linen Cloth, and lay it to hot as may be suffered, and let it lie four and twenty hours.   

A Poultis for the Palsy.  
19 R. A great Onion, core it, and fill the hole with Oil Olive, and Lavender small minced, and set the Onion on the fire until it be soft, and tender; then lay it as hot as may be suffered to the top of the head.    

Balms. CHAP. XXXVIII.  

An excellent black Balm to agglutinate Wounds.  
R. Mummy ℥ iii. Aloes Epatick ℥ two. Ship pitch ℥ ss. sarcocol, Gum of Ivy tree, Mastic, ana ℥ i. powder those which are to be powdered subtly, and mix them with twelve ounces of Aqua vitae prepared for Wounds; let them boil in a Glass vessel in Balneo Mariae three days: which done, add thereto Oil of Turpentine ℥ ix. Banisters Balsam distilled ℥ iiii. then boil them again until the Aqua vitae be wasted, and reserve it to your use.   

Banisters Balsam is thus made.  
2 R. Of the clearest Turpentine lib. viij. black Wine lib. two. juice of Comfry lib. ss. Quinces quartered nu. x. wild Prunell lib. ss. Comfrey roots ℥ iiii. Gum Ammoniack ℥ two. Olibanum ℥ i. Gum Elemi ℥ i. ss. Mastic, sarcocol ana ℥ two. Aloes Epatick, Myrrh, Mummy, ana ℥ two. ss. Cinnamon ℥ i. ss. Cassia lignaʒ two. Dragon's blood ℥ i. ss. Bolearmen. ℥ i. ʒ vi. Pomegranate Pills ʒ vi. flowers of Pomegranate ʒ two. Hypocistis, red Sanders, anaʒ i ss. Nutmegs, Cypress Nuts anaʒ three Myrtles ℥ ss. powder those that are to be powdered, and steep them in Balneo Mariae two days; and then distil them.   

A good Balm against contraction and stiffness of members, the water whereof cleareth the Eyesight.  
3 R. Of common Oil lib. iii. Turpentine lib. i. Gum of the Carobe rree ℥ vi. Mastic, Myrrh, Olibanum, sarcocol ana ℥ two. salt Nitre ℥ two. ss Aqua vitae lib. i. powder those that are to be powdered, and distil them with a gentle fire, and receive the Water with a thin Oil swimming aloft, which separate apart by itself; but the thickest Oil in the bottom separate by straining, which is the Balm.   

An excellent Balm of Earth worms for the speedy curing of all manner of Wounds, especially those of the joints, Sinews, and Tendons, and about the head it cureth pricks according to the first intention, and is good for Palsies, Cramps, Lameness, or Numbness, and such like.  
4 R. Oil of Turpentine lib. v. long Earthwormes prepared lib. two. ss. Myrrh ℥ two. ss. Mastic, sarcocol, Olibanum ℥ iii. Galbanum, Gum Ammoniack ana ℥ i. Bdellium ℥ two. Gum Elemi ℥ iii. Cloves ℥ iii. common Oil lib. two. Oil of Worms lib. i. of the purest Turpentine lib. i. put Oil together, except the Oil of Worms and common Oil, into the Oil of Turpentine, the Gums being first finely minced, and the rest powdered, and so let them stand thirty days; then pour out by itself the clearest part, but the thicker part with all the grounds put into your boiling vessel, together with a pint of Malmsey, or Sack, and the Oil of Worms, and common Oil; boil these together the space of three hours, continually stirring it that it grow not to the bottom; then when the thick parts swim above, take it off the fire, and put into it the Oil of Turpentine that before was cleared from it, lastly strain it purely.   

Vesalius his Balsam.  
5 R. Of the best Turpentine lib. 1. Oil of Bay ℥ iiii. Galbanum ℥ iii. Gum Elemi ℥ iiii. ss. Frankincense, Myrrh, Gum of jop. great Centory, wood of Aloes ana ℥ iii. Galingale, Cloves, Comfrey, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Zedoary, Ginger, white Ditanie ana ℥ i. Oil of Earthworms ℥ two. Aqua vitae lib. vi. beat all these small, and infuse them three days in Aqua vitae; then distil them in a Retort of such largeness, that three parts thereof may remain empty; then place the Retort in an earthen Pan filled with sifted Ashes, and set it upon the Furnace, and to the neck thereof fit, and closely lute a Receiver: Lastly, kindle under it a soft fire at the first; from hence will flow three Liquors, the first waterish, and clear, the other thin, and of a pure golden colour, the third of the colour of a Carbuncle, which is the true Balsam; the first Liquor cuts phlegm, and discusses Flatulencies, is good against the weakness of the Stomach coming of a cold cause; the second helps hot, and fresh bleeding Wounds; the third is chief effectual against these same affects.   

Fallopius his Balsam.  
6 R. Of clear Turpentine lib. two. Linseed Oil, lib. i. Rosin of the Pine, ℥ vi. Frankincense, Myrrh, Aloes, Mastic, sarcocol, Mace, Wood of Aloes ana. ℥ two. Saffron ℥ ss. let them be put in a Glass retort, set in Ashes, and so distilled; there will come forth a clear Water, and presently after a reddish Oil, most profitable for Wounds.   

A very good Balm.  
7 R. Of Turpentine lib. i. ss. Galbanum ℥ two. Aloes Cicatrine, Mastic, Cloves, Galingale, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Cubebs, ana. ℥ i. Gum of jop ℥ ss. beat them all, and mix them together, and distil them in a Glass with a slow fire first, and receive the first Water severally by itself; then increase the fire, and you shall have a Water more reddish; then increase your fire, and you shall have a red Oil: your Receiver must be thrice changed.  
This Oil hath all the virtues of true Balm, for it burneth in the Water, and curdeth Milk; the first Liquor is called the Water of Balm, the second, Oil of Balm, the third, Balm Artificial; the first is good against the running of the Ears, if two drops Morning and Evening be put into them; dropped into the Eyes, it helpeth the blearedness, and consumeth the Tears; it is good to wash the mouth against the Toothache, and Worms in the Teeth: the third Liquor is good against Venom and poison, if two, or three drops be laid upon it; and if you enclose any venomous thing within a Circle made herewith, the Creature will rather die, then come out: it is good against Impostumes, Fistulaes', and Noli me tangere, and all cold Phlegmatic humours; if a cloth be wet therein, and laid upon it, it availeth against the Palsy, and trembling of the Members.    

Baths. CHAP. XXXIX.  

A  for a Rupture.  
1 R. Of the Bark and Flowers of Pomegranates, Cups of Acorns, Shumac, ana. ℥ i. Larks spur, Comfry ana. m. i Hypocistis, Galls, Allom, ana. ʒ two. Roses, Camomile, anise, ana. p. two. boil them in equal portions of Red Wine, and Smiths Water; with the Decoction  the place affected.   

A  for Diseases in the Legs, called Malum mortuum.  
2 R. Of sour Sorrel, of Fumetary, ana. m. two. nip, m. i. Barley Bran, Lupins, ana. m. i. ss. Violets, Mallows, ana. m. ss. white and black Elebor, ana. ℥ i. ss. Hony, ℥ two. let them boil in a sufficient quantity of Water, till the third part be consumed.   

A  for the Stone.  
3 R. Of Hyssop, Mallows, Parseley, Pellitory of the Wall, ana. m. i. Linseed, ℥ ss. Saxifrage, m. i. put them in a cloth, and boil them in a sufficient quantity of Water, and make a .   

A  for a Consumption.  
4 R. Of new Calves Heads, nu. vi. with the Gathers, and Feet, as many Sheep's Heads, all as well dressed as if they were to be eaten; boil them in Water, in a great Vessel, or for need in two, and make a Bath, which let the Sick use every other day at Evening, and Morning an hour at a time: thus use it every time fresh, for nine times together.   

A Bath for the retention of women's Visits.  
5 R. Of Mallows, half a Peck, as much Plantain, as much of Elder leaves; Mugwort, and Motherwort, ana. m. iiii. Wormwood, Rue, Featherfew, ana. m. two. Camomile half a Peck, as much Red Sage, boil them in Water until they be soft, then put into it Bay-berries ℥ two. Cominseeds ℥ two. make a Bath, wherein let the Patient sit up to the Paps.   

A  to soften and mollify the Skin.  
6 R. The Roots of white Lilies, and Marshmallowes, ana. lib. two. Mallows, Pellitory of the Wall, Violets, ana. m. ss. Linseed, Fenugreeke, Marshmallowes, ana. lib. i Flowers of Camomile, Melilot, and anise, ana. p. vi. boil them in a sufficient quantity of Water, after add Oil of Lilies and Flax, ana. lib. two. make hereof a Bath, that the Sick may swim therein a good while.  
You may see the Figure of your Bathing Tub in Parreye's Chirurgery, with the double Personated Bottom, to which I refer you.   

Observations for those that .  
7 It is not good to use Bathing too often, for it offendeth the Heart, causeth Sincope, taketh away the Appetite, looseth the joints, resolveth the Spirits, and moveth the Humours. After what manner soever your Baths be made, they must always be warm; for warm Water humects, and mollifies the solid parts, if at any time they be too dry, or hard: it is good against Sun-burning and Weariness, also if we find ourselves too hot, or too cold, or loathing of Meats, we find great profit in Baths made of sweet warm Water. Herein we usually add Oil, because Water alone will not so long adhere to the Body: they are good in Hectic Fevers, and in the declension of all Fevers, and against raving and talking idly, for they procure sleep; against inflammation of the Lungs and Sides, for they mitigate pain. For Baths we choose Rain Water, rather than River Water, so it be not muddy, and then Fountain; the Water of Lakes, and Fens, is not to be used. First, you must fill your Vessel with your Decoction, warm, almost full, and so let the Sick go into it, in the Morning fasting, or six hours after Meat: cover the Tub close with a Goverlet, or Blanket, all but the Patient's Head, that he may take breath. For the time of the year, choose the Spring, and latter end of Summer, a clear warm day, a close quiet room, and warm. Whiles the Patient is in the , he must abstain from all meat, unless (to comfort his heart, and keep him from fainting) he take a little sop in Wine, or the juice of an Orange, or a stewed Pruine, or the like, to quench his thirst: The strength of the Patient will show how long he may stay in the , for he must not stay in to the resolution of his powers; coming out of the , he must be taken up in a clean warm Sheet, and so laid in a warm bed, and  enough upon him, to make him sweat easily: after he hath sweat so long as he can well endure, take the Sheet from him, and dry him well with warm Napkins, chief his Head, under his Arms, Breast, and Root of his Thighs; then let him rest in his Bed an hour, or two; and when he is well refreshed, give him a clean Shirt, that is dry, and warm, and let him rise, and walk, but let the Chamber be kept very warm; then let him feed upon meats of good juice, and digestion; after  use not Venery: for Bathing use such Herbs as are most convenient for the Disease, the Patient is affected with: the Ordinary sort of Herbs, which are used in the Spring, are these; Mallows, Marshmallowes, Violets, Pellitory of the Wall, Fumetary, Angelica, Roses, Betony, Fennell, Barefoot, Dragon, Plantain, bugloss, Agrimony, Hartstongue, which are sodden in Water, and made into a : after the  dry well the Head, and eat not of two hours after.    

CHAP. XL. Of Stoves and Hothouses.  
SToves are either dry or moist; dry by making a fire underneath, or moist, by causing a moist Vapour or heat from some decoction of Leaves, Herbs, Flowers, or Seeds, in Water, or Wine, or both together: the dry Stoves are used in many places in London, by making a clear fire underneath, that presently heats all the room, by reason of a vaulted Furnace, wherein the fire plays; of this kind every one may make himself one, as he shall judge best, and fittest: the most necessary for private uses, I shall delineate to you in this Figure following.  
The Figure of a Stove to sweat in, with a hole to put out the Head, and a drawing Box underneath to put in Coals, or a hot Wedge of iron; it must have a seat within for the Patient to sit on; so high that his feet touch not below for fear of burning.   engraved schematic of body-encasing sweat-inducing stove 
A, shows the hole in the top, B, the door to shut in the Drawer with Coals, and C, shows the little door, whereat to give the Patiented warm Clothes to dry off the Sweat.  
The moist Stoves are made in an ordinary Bathing Tub, by putting the decoction into a Pot, and setting it over the fire well luted, with a Pipe that shall come into the Bathing-tub, standing near thereto; which Tub must have a double bottom, the uppermost being full of holes, whereupon the Patient sitting, may receive the Sudorificke Vapour; now that the heat may be mitigated, when it is too hot, you must have a hole in the top of your Pipe, to be stopped, & opened at your pleasure: Let the Tub be covered all but the Patients Head.   

Electuaries. CHAP. XLI.  

To make an Electuary of the juice of Roses.  
1 R. Of the juice of fresh dry Roses, white Sugar, ana. lib. i. ss. boil them into a solid Electuary with an easy fire, and in the end sprinkle powdered , Mastic, Cinnamon, all finely powdered ana. ʒ two. Diacridium ℥ i. ss. Camphire, ℈ ss. make Tablets in weight ʒ iii. ss. the Dose is one Tablet, the whole composition is ℥ xxii. the Doses be about 70. It doth draw Choler very strongly, and also thin, and waterish humours; very good for those that have the Gout, if they have not a vehement Ague withal.   

To make Diaphaenicon.  
2 R. Of the Pulp of Dates, cleansed, boiled in Hydromell, and fined in a Sieve, fresh Penids, ana. lib. ss. blanched Almonds, ℥ iii. ss. when they be bruised, and mingled all together, put into them clarified Honey, lib. two. boil them a little, and then sprinkle Ginger, Pepper, Mace, Cinnamon, Leaves of dry Rue, Fennell seed, and seed of wild Carrots, ana. ʒ two. Turbith finely beat, ℥ iiii. Diacridium ℥ iiii. ss. the Dose is from ʒ iii. to ℥ ss. the whole composition is about lib. iiii. the Doses about 130. This Electuary doth mildly purge Choler, Crude and slimy Phlegm, agreeable and convenient in continual Agues, and Diseases arising of Crudity, and also for the Colic.   

To make the Electuary called Benedicta.  
3 R. Of Turbith ʒ x. Diacridium, Hermodactills red Roses, anaʒ v. Cloves, Ginger, Saxifrage, Parseley, seed, Salt Gem, galangal, Mace, caraways, Fennellseed, Asparagus seed, and Seed of Kneeholme, or wild Myrrh, Millet, the four great cold seeds, Liquorice, ana. ʒ i. of the best clarified Honey lib. i make it up according to Art; the Dose is from ʒ iii. to ℥ ss. the whole composition is almost lib. two. the Doses be about 50. It draweth forth Phlegmatic Humours, it purgeth the Rheines, and expelleth the Stone, and Gravel.   

To make the Electuary called Confectio Hamech.  
4 R. The Bark of yellow Mirabolanes, ℥ two. little Onions, black Violets, Coloquintida, Polipody of the Oak, ana ℥ i. ss. Wormwood, Thyme, ana ℥ ss. Aniseed, Fennel seed, red Roses, anaʒ iii. bruise them all, and soak them in Whey, lib. two. then boil them to a pound, rub them in your hand, and wring them: to the strained decoction, add the juice of Fumetary, the Pulp of Prunes, and Raisins, ana lib. ss. white Sugar, clarified Honey, ana lib. i. boil them to the thickness of Honey, sprinkling in the end, Agaricke, and Seine beaten fine, ana ℥ two. Rhubarb beaten ℥ i. ss. Dodder that groweth upon Thyme, ℥ i. Diacridium ʒ vi. Cinnamon, ℥ ss. Ginger ʒ two, Seed of Fumetary and Anise, Spikenard, ana, ʒ i. the Dose is from ʒ iii. to half an ounce, the whole composition is lib. iii. and ℥ viij. the Doses be about 80. This Electuary purgeth Melancholy, and other humours adust, and is good against Madness, Melancholy, Giddiness, Forgetfulness, and all faults of the Skin, as Scabs, Morphew, Canker, Tetter, and Elephantiasis.   

To make an Electuary called Hiera Simplex.  
5 R. Cinnamon, Mace, A sarabacca, Spikenard, Saffron, Mastic, ana. ʒ vi. Aloes unwashed, ʒ 100, or lib. i. ss. the best clarified Honey, lib. iiii. the Powder alone is ministered from ʒ two. to ʒ iii. but being taken in Honey from ℥ i. to ℥ i. ss. It is more comfortable than purging; it purgeth Choler, and Phlegm from the stomach and Entrails; it doth mildly help all Diseases proceeding of Crudity, and also the Paleness of the Face.   

An Electuary for a Cough, or Cold.  
6 R. Of Germander, Hyssop, Horehound, Maidenhair, Agrimony, Betony, Liverwort, and Hartstongue ana. m. i. boil them in nine pints of water, to the consumption of six, then let it cool, and strain it: to this decoction put of clarified Honey, lib. ss. fine Powder of Liquorice ℥ v. Enulacampana root powdered, ℥ iii. boil them to the thickness of an Electuary; take of this at any time, but especially in the morning fasting, and at night when you go to bed, or two hours after Supper, the quantity of a Nutmeg.   

The Electuary of an Egg, commonly called, Electuarium de ovo, against the Plague.  
7 R. A new laid Hen's Egg, make a little hole in the least end of it, no bigger than need shall require, to get out the White from the Yolk, which do as clean as clean as may be; and if the Yolk come out, put it in again, then with a little stick of wood ram the Egg as full of the best English Saffron as may be, then cover the hole with the top of another Eggshell, and a little white of an Egg, so as nothing may breathe forth; lay the Egg in an Oven, when the Bread is newly drawn, lay it upon a Potsheard, or such like, to keep the shell from burning; stop the oven close, and let it lie until the shell be brown, and that the Saffron and Yolk be so well dried, as you may beat it to fine Powder: first pill off the shell, and cut the substance into two parts, long ways, and if any part within it be not well dried, you may dry it on a Chafingdish & coals in a pewter dish until it be well; Then beat the said substance to fine Powder, weight it, and put thereto as much white Mustard seed finely beaten, as the Egg doth weigh. Then take the roots of white Ditanie, and Turmentill, ʒ two. the Powder of Myrrh, Hartshorn, Nux vomica ana, ʒ i. the Powder of the roots of Angelica, wild Burnet, juniper berries, Setwall, and Camphire, ana. ℥. ss. mix these all together; being finely beaten, weigh them all together, and put them in a good large Iron or Stone Morter, with as much of the purest and best treacle Andromecha, as all the said things do weigh; then work and bray them together a good while, then put into your Mortar, to all the said things, of the best and purest Honey clarified that you can get, in this proportion; if your Egg weighed an Ounce, than one pound of Honey at the least, more, or less according to the proportion of your Egg; or you may put as much Honey as all the said things do weigh, and bray and stir all those things together, for three hours at the least, by a good Hourglass. Your Electuary being thus made, put it into a Glass, or Galley pot, close stopped: set it not where heat, or Sun cometh to it, and it will last thirty years.  
Give it to the Patient infected, the quantity of a reasonable Walnut at the most, and to a child less, as you shall think meet; give it luke warm, in Dragon, or Cardus water distilled; for want of these, in white Wine: If the infected brook it not thus, then in Sack; if he cast it, give it him again in Sack, and if he brook it not then, the third time; if then he cast it, than God have mercy upon him, few escape unless they brook it, and presently break out in Sores: and if he brook it, give him no more that night, but the next day, if need require, give him half the said quantity, as if the Sore be coming, and doth not readily come forth; let not the sick drink for two hours after: let those that go to the infected, take as much as a little Hasell Nut, and let him, if he can, drink once in a week, a good quantity of white Wine and Salad Oil: air Houses, and  with Frankincense. This is also good for such as are taken with some sudden fit, being taken as last before.   

An Electuary to purge Melancholy.  
8 R. Of Rhubarb ʒ two. Agaricke, ʒ iii. Caraway seeds, and Coriander prepared, ℥ two. Cummin prepared, ℥ i. Aniseedes, ℥ i. London Treacle, ℥ i. Seine ℥ i. Musk, gr. ss. Ambergreese, gr. i. Cinnamon, ʒ two. Mirabolans Cebuli, Mirabolans Embici, ana. ℥ i. Ginger, ℥ i. Nutmegs, ℥ two. Mace, ℥ two. Diacridium, ℥ two. Powder Sugar, and Rosewater, as much as will serve to make a Syrup to compound these Powders into the form of an Electuary.   

An Electuary for the Phthisic.  
9 R. The root of Enula Campana, in May dry it, and beat it small, and put it in Vinegar until it be soft; then dry it again, and when it is dry, boil it to an Electuary with pure Honey, and keep it in a box, to eat now and then the quantity of a Hasell Nut.    

Syrups. CHAP. XLII.  

To make a most excellent Syrup of Damask Roses, made by that worthy and famous Doctor Andreas de Languina, a Spaniard, and commonly used by the Princes of Spain, Germany, Italy, and France, and by the best learned men in those Countries.  
R. Of Damask Roses gathered in the dew, if it be possible, lib. vi. cut away all the white in the bottom; then boil of fair Spring water, in a well glazed pot with a narrow mouth, lib. xviii. and being sodden a little, put in your Roses, and stop them close the space of six hours; then with your hands being clean, wring the Water from the Roses, and then seethe the same water again, and put in as many fresh Roses as you did before, and thus do nine times, till the Water be of the colour of the Roses, and the very taste and savour of them: then take of that Decoction, lib. vi. thus prepared, and to it put of the finest Sugar lib. iiii. and make thereof a Syrup according to Art; of which Syrup you may give to a strong nature, the quantity of ℥ v. mixed with the Broth of a Hen sodden without Salt, or else with Buglos Water; this Syrup purgeth without offending of the Stomach, with great gentleness, better than either Rhubarb, or Manna; it will give twelve or fourteen stools at a time of a very filthy humour, whereby it eases all the heavy pains and loathsomeness of the joints, and of the head, and of the whole body, and is the most precious, and wholesomest purge of all; for it comforteth the stomach, refresheth the Liver and Heart, and taketh away from them their superfluous humours. When you have done as aforesaid, you must clarify it with the white of an Egg in this order; let it boil softly on the fire, and then beat the whites of two or three Eggs till they foam; and put into the pot a spoonful; and as the scum doth rise, scum it off a good pace, till you have used all your Eggs, and no more scum will rise; when you have done all to the putting in of your Sugar, you must see that your Pan or Pot be very clean, and let it seethe, then put in your Eggs, as before, and let it seethe until it be thick.   

To make Syrup of Vinegar simple.  
2 R. Of pure Spring water lib. iiii. of white Sugar lib. v. boil them until they cast up a foam, and half the Water be consumed; then put to it of white Wine Vinegar lib. iii. and boil them again until they come to a Syrup. This Syrup is common to all humours, and doth prepare them; it digesteth Choler, Phlegm, and Melancholy, and doth attenuate gross humours, by reason of the Vinegar; it mitigateth the heat of Choler, and assuageth the burning of Agues, and Thirst, and scoureth the passages of the Body that are stopped; it provokes Urine, is an enemy to corruption, and penetrates into all the parts of the Body, and also after a Purgation, it provoketh sweat, and corrects the malice of all humours.   

To make Syrup of Vinegar compound.  
3 The Syrup of Vinegar compound is made by boiling Herbs, Roots, or Seeds in Water, and of the Decoction to make a Syrup with Vinegar, and Sugar; the Herbs, or Seeds, aught to be such as are fittest to prepare the humour you intent to purge.   

To make Catholicum simplex.  
4 R. Of the roots of Enula Campana, bugloss, chicory, or wild Endive, Marshmallowes, Polipodie of the Oak, seed of Bastard Saffron, all beaten ana. ℥ two. Hyssop, Staechados, balm, Agrimony, Mugwort, Betony, Scolopendria, or Stoneferne, ana m. two. Raisins stoned ℥ iii. of the four great cold Seeds, Aniseedes, Liquorice, ana. ʒ iii. boil all these according to Art, in lib. x. of Hydromell (which is xv. lib. of water, boiled with lib. i. of Honey skummed clean as it boyles) till three pounds be consumed; then strain the Decoction, and macerate therein the space of xii. hours, the cleansed leaves of Seine beat ℥ iiii. the Syrup of the infusion of pale Roses, lib. i. of the best clarified Honey, lib. two. boil them with an easy fire unto the thickness of Honey, putting into it last of all, of the best Rhubarb, and purest Cinnamon, ana. ℥ i. yellow , ℥ i. Nutmegs ʒ two. the Dose is ℥ i. the whole composition is lib. iiii. the Doses be about 50. This doth purge all humours gently from all parts of the Body, and may be given to women with child, old folk, or children, either with an Ague, or without.   

To make Catholicum Majus.  
4 R. Of the four great cold Seeds cleansed, of white Poppy seed, ana. ʒ i. Gum Dragant, ʒ iii. red Roses, Yellow Sanders. Cinnamon, ana. ʒ two. Ginger, ʒ i. of the best and choicest Rhubarb, Diacridium, ana. ℥ ss. Agaricke, Turbith, ana. ʒ two. white Sugar dissolved in Rose water in the which ℥ two. of the leaves of Seine have been incocted lib. i. let Tables be compounded of weight ʒ iii. the Dose is one Table, the whole composition is lib. i. ss. the Doses be about 50. It gathereth humours from all places of the Body more forcibly, without disturbance of the body or strength.   

To make a Syrup of white Roses by infusion.  
6 R. Of the Water of infusion of white Roses, lib. v. clarified Sugar lib. iiii. boil them with a lent fire, to the thickness of a Syrup; soak lib. two. of Fresh white Roses in lib. vi. of warm water twelve hours covered; instead of these put in other fresh Roses; then wring those out, and put in other fresh Roses, nine or ten times, until the water have the strength of the Roses, in which the Sugar must be dissolved. This Syrup draweth from the Entrails thin Choler, and waterish humours, to be given to children and old folks, and those that are sick.   

Syrup of the juice of Lemmons.  
7 The Syrup of the juice of Lemons, of Citrons, of Oranges, of unripe Grapes, of Pomegranates, of Sorrel, of Ribs, or red Gooseberries, the order of making them is all alike; for the juice of every one of them must be purged by running through a Woollen Strainer, freely without compulsion, and to every seven. lib. of juice, add of good white Sugar lib. 5. and boil them in a Tin Vessel on a soft fire to a Syrup. The Syrup of the juice of Lemmons doth assuage heat and thirst, and restraineth corruption in Fevers; it defendeth the Stomach, Heart, and Noble parts; it purgeth the Kidneys, and provoketh Urine: Syrup of Citrons doth the like: the Syrup of Pomegranates corroborates the Stomach, the Spleen, Liver, and Lungs, and restraineth vomiting: Syrup of Oranges is more pleasant: Syrup of unripe Grapes doth more quench thirst: Syrup of the juice of Sorrell doth allay Choler, and open obstructions: the Syrup of red Gooseberries is more sweet in taste, and more astringent.   

Oxymel simple.  
8 R. Of the clearest Water, and of the best Honey, ana. lib. iiii. boil them until half the Water be consumed; then pour in of very sharp Vinegar lib. two. and let them be boiled again to a Syrup: it doth extenuate gross humours, and scour slimy matter, and open old obstructions, and Asthma, that is, obstructions of the Lungs, with Phlegm, whereof ariseth shortness of Wind.   

Syrup of Endive.  
9 R. Of fresh Endive, Lettuce, Agrimony, Garden Succory, Liverwort, Sowthistle, Hawkeweed, ana. m. i. ss. of the four great cold Seeds, ana. ℥ i. red and white , red Roses bruised ana. ʒ two. boil them in lib. viij. of Water to the half, then strain it, and to the decoction put of white Sugar lib. iiii. seethe them all together again, and scum and fine them as they boil; then add of the juice of Endive purged by settling lib. i. afterwards of the pure juice of Pomegranates without dregs ℥ iiii. boil them all to a Syrup. It cools, purges, and corroborates the Liver, and is good after Purgations.   

Syrup of Hartstongue.  
10 R. Of Oak Ferne, Rootes of both kinds of bugloss, the bark of the root of the Caper bush, Barks of Tamariske, ana. ℥ two. Hartstongue m. iii. maidenhair, Balmemint, Hops, Dodder, ana. m. two. boil them in lib. ix. of Water, until there remain v. strain it, and put to the decoction of white Sugar lib. iiii. boil them and fine them to a Syrup. It is good against Melancholy, and abateth the Swelling of the Spleen.   

Syrup of dry Roses.  
11 R. Of Water lib. iiii. make it warm, and infuse in it for the space of xx iiii. hours' red Roses dried lib. i. strain it, and dissolve therein white Sugar, lib. two. then boil them to a Syrup. It doth mitigate the hot Diseases of the Brain, assuages thirst, strengthens the Stomach, causeth Sleep, and stayeth Fluxes of the Belly, agglutinates, and mundifies Ulcers.   

Syrup of Poppy.  
12 R. the Heads of white Poppy, not thoroughly riped, and new ℥ viij. the Heads of black Poppy, fresh gathered, ℥ vi. Aqua Coelestis lib. iiii. boil them to the consumption of half, and put thereinto Sugar, and Penids' ana, ℥ viij. boil them to a Syrup. It is good against Catarrhs and Coughs, mitigateth the heat of the forehead, helpeth Frenzies, and Watch, and so procureth Sleep.   

To make Diacodion.  
13 R. The heads of white Poppy, neither the greatest nor ripest, nu. xii. Aqua Coelestis, lib. two. boil them to the thid part, and when it is strained, put thereto of the best Sapa, that is, new Wine boiled to the third part, ℥ iiii. of the purest Honey ℥ two. boil all these together, and in the end of the Decoction, put red Roses, Flowers of Pomegranates, Acatia, Sumach, ana. ʒ two. Seed of Purslane, white and red Coral, ana. ʒ i. This Syrup procureth Sleep, and helpeth the Catarrhs, and stayeth all Fluxes of the Belly.   

Syrup of Violets compound.  
14 R. The fresh gathered Flowers of Violets, ℥ two. Seed of Quinces and Mallows, ana. ℥ i. jujubes, Sebestens, ana. nu. xx. Gourds boiled, or their Seed, lib. v. boil them to them to the half, and with lib. two. of Sugar make a Syrup. It mitigates the Catarrh, and hoarseness, helps the Cough, and easeth the Pleurisy, and quencheth thirst.   

Syrup of Violets simple.  
15 The Syrup of Violets simple is made by infusing the Flowers in water, once or twice, or thrice, as you did in making Syrup of Roses, and with the Decoction make a Syrup with Sugar. It assuageth sharp humours; and Pleurisy; good for Headache, Watching, and dreaming, and against the heaviness of the Heart; also it is good to temper other Medicines.   

Syrup of Hyssop.  
16 R. Of dried Hyssop, ℥ i. ss. roots of Oak Ferne, of Fennell, Liquorice, Seed of Bastard Saffron, ana ℥ i. cleansed Barley, white Venus' hair, ana. ℥ ss. cleansed Raisins, ℥ i. ss. dried Figs, fat Dates, ana. nu. x. boil them in six pound of Water, to the consumption of half; then strain it, and add to the Decoction of pure Honey lib. i. ss. and Sugar as much, and make a Syrup. It purgeth the Lungs gently, and doth digest Phlegm by ●nuating it, and is good against the Pleurisy.   

Syrup of Horehound.  
17 R. Of white fresh Horehound ℥ two. Liquorice, Polipody of the Oak, Root of Smallage, and Fennell, ana. ℥ ss. white Venus' Hair, Hyssop, Origan, Garden Savoury, Calamint, Coltfoot ana. ʒ vi. Seed of Anise, and Cotton, ana. ℥ iii. Raisins of the Sun stoned ℥ two. fat Figs dry nu. x. boil them in viij. lib. of Hydromel delayed till the half be consumed; then strain it, and boil the juice into a Syrup with Honey, lib. two. and white Sugar lib. two. season it with ℥ i. of the Powder of the Root of the Florentine Flower-de-luce. This Syrup availeth much in Ptisickes, Coughs, and all Diseases of the Breast and Liver; for it cutteth, attenuateth, and purgeth all gross and slimy Phlegm; and because it is composed of such a confused mixture of lenitive, and cutting simples, therefore in old inveterate Coughs and Ptisicks I usually prescribe, with good success, a composition of this Syrup, with others more moderate, as thus R. of Syrup of Horehound, Maidenhair, Coltsfoot, Hyssop, Violets, ana. ℥ i. mingle them, and take every morning and evening half a spoonful, and as much when you feel the Cough approach, or the Phlegm to rise.   

Syrup of the juice of bugloss.  
18 R. Of the juice of bugloss clarified, lib. iii. white Sugar. lib. two. boil them to a Syrup. Thus you shall make the Syrup of the juice of Violets or Peaches, which are all Cordial. Syrup of bugloss is not only good to cheer the Heart, and drive away swooning out also for Melancholy and Mad people.   

Syrup of Mint.  
19 R. The juice of sweet Quinces, the juice of Tarty sweet Quinces, the juice of sweet Pomegranates, the juice of Tarty sweet Pomegranates, ana. lib. i. ss. mix these together, and infuse in them for the space of xxiiii. hours lib. i. ss. of dry Mint, and of red Roses ℥ two. boil them until half be consumed, and then strain it, and add thereto of white Sugar lib. iiii. and to sweeten the Syrup, boil therein ʒ iii. of Gallia Muscata, bound in a cloth. This Syrup heats the stomach moderately, and corroborates it, and helpeth concoction, abateth loathsomeness, Vomiting, Chincough, and Lientery.   

Syrup of Coltsfoot.  
20 R. Of Coltsfoot fresh gathered, m. vi. Maidenhair, m. two. Hyssop m. i. Liquorice ℥ two. boil them in lib. iiii. of Rain Water, or Spring Water, until the fourth part be consumed; then strain it, and clarify it, and with lib. iii. of white Sugar make a Syrup.   

Syrup of Maidenhair.  
21 R. Of Liquorice ℥ two. Maidenhair ℥ v. infuse it in lib. iiii. of Spring Water; then boil it, and strain it, and with lib. i. ss. of pure Sugar, boil it up to a Syrup.   

Syrup of Wormwood.  
22 R. Roman Wormwood lib. ss. red Roses, ℥ two. Spikenard ʒ iii. bruise them, and infuse them xxiiii. hours in old and well smelling white Wine, and the juice of Quince pears lib. two. ss. boil them with a gentle fire to the consumption of half; then boil them again with lib. two. of white Sugar, to the thickness of a Syrup. It purgeth and consumeth Choler out of the stomach, it recovereth a good and pleasant colour, and helpeth the jaundice.   

Syrup of Radish.  
23 R. Of the Roots of Garden, and wild Radish, ana. ℥ roots of Saxifrage, Kneeholme, or Butcher's Broom, Lovage, Sea-Holly, Petty Whin O Cammocke, or Ground-Furze, Parseley, Fennell, ana. ℥ ss. Leaves of Betony, Pimpernell, Wild Time, tender Crops of Nettles, Cresses, Sampire, Venus' Hair ana. m. i. the fruit of sleepy Nightshade, and jujubes ana. nu. xx. the Seed of Basill, Burr, Parseley of Macedonia, Caraways, Seseli, Yellow Carrots, Grommell, Barks of Baytree root ana. ʒ two. Raisins stoned, Liquorice ana. ʒ vi. boil them in lib. x. of Water till four pound be consumed, then strain it, and with lib. two. of purified Honey, and white Sugar lib. iiii. make a clear Syrup, season it with Cinnamon ℥ i. and Nutmegs ℥ ss. This Syrup expelleth Gravel and Stone, and scoureth the Kidneys, and Bladder, if it be mixed with other Lenitive and scouring things, also it provoketh Urine.   

Syrup of Mugwort.  
24 R. Of Mugwort m. two. Roots of Flowerdeluce, Elecampane, Madder, Peony, Lovage, Fennell, ana. ℥ ss. Wild Time, Origanum, Calamint, Nep, Balmemint, Savine, sweet Marjoram, Hyssop, Horehound, Germander, Groundpine, S. john's Wort, Featherfew, Betony, ana. m. i. Seed of Anis, Parsley, Fennell, Basill, Yellow Carrots, Rue, Nigella, ana. ℥ iii. bruise them, and infuse them xxiiii. hours in lib. viij. of Hydromel, till three pound be consumed: then boil it with lib. v. of Sugar unto a Syrup, season it with Cinnamon ℥ i. and Spike ʒ iii. This Syrup of Mugwort doth provoke mightily the suppressed monthly Visits of Women, which may be done by Syrup of Maidenhair, or Hyssop, but more mildly; it also availeth against the strangling of the Womb.   

Syrup of Alchachenge, or Morrell of the Hill.  
25 R. Of Alchachenge ℥ i. ss. Raisins, Kernels of Pine Apples cleansed ana. ʒ vi. of the three less Seeds, ana. ʒ three roots of Parseley, Fennell, Asperage, Bruschus, and Smallage, ana. m. ss. Liquorice ʒ x. Damask Prunes, Sebestens, jujubes, ana. nu. xii. Flowers of Violets, 
Heliotropion, or, milium solis.  and of Girus solis, ana. m. i. Saxifrage, m. ss. beat them and boil them a little with Water of Endive, bugloss, Fennell, and a little Wine of Pomegranates, till the third part be consumed; then strain them, and make a Syrup with sufficient white Wax, and ʒ i ss. of fine Rhubarb. This Syrup mundifieth, and cleanseth the Reins from the Stone, Hairs, or Bran, comforteth the stomach, and breaketh wind.   

An excellent Syrup to preserve the Lungs, and for Astma.  
26 R. Of Nettle-water, and Colts-foot water ana, pint i. Aniseed, and Liquorice powdered ana two. spoonfuls, Raisins of Sun m. i Figs sliced nu. iiii. boil them until half a pint be consumed, strain it, and with one pound of white Sugar candy powdered, make a Syrup.   

A Syrup for the cough of the Lungs.  
27 R. Leaves of Heart's tongue nu. three Liverwort, Lungwort, unset Hyssop, wild Time ana m. i. boil all these in a pottle of new Wort to a quart; make a thin Syrup with Sugar candy, and drink of it when you go to bed, and in the morning before you rise.   

Another Syrup for the same, and to open Obstructions, and help a short breath.  
28 R. Of unset Hyssop, and pennyroyal m. iii. wash them, and stamp them; and to the strained juice add the like proportion of English Honey; boil it in a Pewter dish on a Chafingdish, and Coals, the space of half an hour, until the juice, and Honey be well incorporated: hereof let the Patient take two spoonfuls at Morning, three of the Clock, and bed time, and use it as long as need shall require.   

A Syrup for a Cold.  
29 R. Of Cetrack one ounce, Coltsfoot, and Maidenhair ana ℥ i. Elecampane roots sliced lib. i. boil them in three quarts of Water till it be wasted to one quart; then strain it, and with a pound of Sugar make a Syrup secund. art. take of this Syrup every night, and morning ʒ ss. and as often as you cough.    

Pills. CHAP. XLIII.  

To make Pills of Aristolochia.  
1 R. The root of round Aristolochia ℥ i. root of Gentian, Myrrh anaʒ three Aloes, Cinnamon ana ℥ ss. Ginger ʒ i. beat them very fine, and make them up with new Oil of sweet Almonds, the dose is ʒ i ss. they may be drunk, but they are so bitter that they are more easily swallowed. These Pills are of an opening virtue, scouring the Liver, and Reins, and are good in an old Cough, and in the suppression of women's visits; also they expel the after birth, and dead child.   

Pills of Agaricke.  
2 R. Of Agaricke, Mastic anaʒ iii. root of Flower-de-luce, Horebound, anaʒ i. Turbith ʒ v. powdered, Hiera Picra ℥ ss. the pulp of Coloquintida, sarcocol, anaʒ two. Myrrh ʒ i. Sapa as much as shall suffice to make them into a mass. They purge very strongly from all parts of the body, both Choler, and Slimy humours, but especially from the head and breast; and are good against Catarrhs, and old Coughs.   

Pills called, Without which I would not be.  
3 R. Of the best Aloes ʒ xiiii. yellow Mirabolanes, Mirabolanes of India, Mirabolanes Chebules, Rhubarb, Mastic, Wormwood, Roses, Violets, Seine, Agarick, Dodder anaʒ i. Scammony ʒ vi. ss. dissolve the Scammony in the juice of Fennell, as much as shall suffice, and strain it through a Cloth, and with the same juice mingle the said Powders finely beat. These draw Choler, Phlegm, and Melancholy from all parts of the body, but especially from the Head, Eyes, and Senses; they preserve the sight, and take away the pain, and noise of the Ears.   

Stomach Pills.  
4 R. Aloes ʒ vi. Mastic, red Roses, anaʒ two. make them up with the Syrup of Roses, or Wormwood. These are to be taken before meat, and do purge the Stomach gently, and mildly, and help concoction.   

Pills of Ruffus, called common Pills, or Pestilential.  
5 R. Of the best Aloes ℥ two. of the best Myrrh, and Saffron ana ℥ i. mingle them with Aromatic Wine, and make a mass. They do much help the concoction, and will not suffer the meat to putrify, and avail much against pestiferous contagions.  
Those that would purge twice, or thrice in a day, or keep their bodies soluble, let them take two or three little Pills as big as a Pease every morning of Aloes Rosatum, or at any time when they will; also there is a way to wash Aloes, and so to make it into Pills; very excellent to purge the Head of Phlegm: whereof I shall speak hereafter.  
As for Antidotaries, Trochiskes, and the like, because (amongst those for whom I intent this Book) such things are seldom used, and therefore may more better be bought at the Apothecaries, if occasion shall serve, I have omitted them; and considering also that so little cannot be made as sometimes is used, the residue oftentimes corrupted, and lost the strength before they use any again; moreover I do not find any but such as are in Print at large already, and therefore needless to be here inserted.  
Next I will show you some things that are set down in this Book, amongst divers Simples; which you cannot know, unless you run to the Apothecary to buy them.    

CHAP. XLIV.  

First, Of the four cordial Flowers, which are  
1 Roses. 2 Violets. 3 Borage. 4 Rosemary, or balm. 5 bugloss.   

The five Emellient herbs are  
1 Marsh-mallow, Mallow. 2 Beets, Brankursine. 3 Mercury herb. 4 Violet Plants. 5 Pellitary of the Wall.   

The four great hot seeds.  
1 Aniseed. 2 Fennel seed. 3 Carraway seed. 4 Cummin seed.   

The four less hot seeds.  
1 Ammi. 2 Our Lady's rose. 3 Smallage, or Sage. 4 Daucus, or wild Carrots, Pimpernell.   

The four great cold seeds.  
1 Gourds. 2 Cucumbers. 3 Citrons. 4. Melons.   

The four less cold seeds.  
1 Endive. 2 Cichory. 3 Lettuce. 4. Porcelaine.   

The five great common Roots aperitive, and diuretic.  
1 Smallage. 2 Asperagus. 3 Fennell. 4 Parseley. 5 Kneeholme, or Butcher's broom.   

The two Roots.  
1. Fennell. 2 Parseley.   

The four Pleuretick Waters.  
1 Our Lady's Thistle. 2 Sowthistle. 3 Holy thistle. 4 Scabious.   

The five less opening Roots.  
1 Grass. 2 Sea Holly. 3 Capers. 4 Cammocke, or ground Furze. 5 Madder.   

The three Stomachiall Oils.  
1 Wormwood. 2 Quinces. 3 Mastic.   

The five Capillar herbs.  
1 Adjanthus Black, or Venus' hair.  
2 Adjanthus White, or Wall Rue.  
3 Golden Polytrichon. 4 Common Maidenhair. 5 Scolopendria.   

The four hot Ointments.  
1 Agrippa. 2 Marshmallowes. 3 Arragon. 4 Martiatum.   

The four cold Ointments.  
1 White Ointment with Camphire. 2 Of Popular Buds. 3 Galens refrigerative. 4 Mesue his Rosate.   

The common hot Flowers.  
1 Camomile. 2 Melilot. 3 Flower-de-luce, or Lily.   

The four Ointments wherewith a Chirurgeon ought to be stored.  
1 Basilicon, which digests, and ripens. 2 Green Ointment of the Apostles to Mundify. 3 Golden Ointment to Incarnate. 4 The White to Cicatrize.    

CHAP. XLV. Notes for those that shall practise the compounding of Medicaments.  
THose Syrups that you make by infusion of Flowers, to every pint of Water you must add four ounces of Flowers, and these must be done in Pipkins of earth well glazed, or in Vessels of Pewter, or Silver, with narrow mouths, that may be stopped close, and not in Brass nor Copper. In making Syrup of Roses and Violets, etc. which are made with many infusions, it will be good that the first infusion be made with scalding water poured on them, the rest of the infusions with warm water. Boil your Syrups softly upon a clear Charcoal fire, taking it from the fire when it is boiled, and with a Spoon full of holes scum it clean; you shall know when it is boiled enough by the breath which comes out very strongly at first, but when it is almost enough, the fume will scarce appear at all: also if you take a little in a Spoon, and let it fall, if it make a thread, it is enough, else not; when it is almost cold put it in a Pot, and cover it with a Paper perforated with a Needle; and when it is quite cold cover it with a leather, and keep it in a temperate place.  

To make pulp of Dates.  
1 R. Of Dates lib. i. part them in two, and pill off the white on the inside, and the skin all over, put away the stones, and cut the Dates into small pieces, and put them into a Skillet, and power on them of clear Water lib. ss. let them infuse in some warm place the space of three days; then take them up, and beat them into a paste in a Marble Mortar, and pulp it through a pulping sieve. This Pulp is used in Electuaries.   

To prepare and correct Sene.  
2 R. Of the best Seen lib. i. cleanse it from the stalks and naughty leaves, and to every ounce of Seine add of fennel seed or Aniseed ʒ. i. and powder them, first your seeds, and when they are well beaten, then add your Seine, and beat them all well together, and searse them in a covered searce; that which will not pass beat again, and searse it till all be finely searsed: this is used in Pills, Electuaries, Powders, etc. and is never used otherwise then with his Correctives.  
When you powder Myrrh, or Saffron, they must be done by themselves, by dropping a drop or two of Oil Olive into the bottom of the Mortar, that it may not stick: the same way you shall powder Rhubarb, Aloes; or Assa foetida, and also Scamonie; but Mastic must be powdered by dropping a little Rose-water into your Mortar. Before you beat Camphire you must grind two. or three sweet Almonds in your Mortar; the like in beating Cinnamon.  
Oils are boiled enough, when if you throw a drop in the fire, it burneth clear, and without cracking.  
Plasters are boiled enough, when if you put a drop into fair water, it runneth not abroad, but riseth whole to the top of the Vessel: those Plasters that have Oil in them, when you make them up wet your hands in fair water, or white wine; those that have none, wet your hands in Oil.   

To wash and prepare Fats.  
3 R. The cakes of Fat, and pick out the skin and bloody Veins, and wash it in several waters, until the water run from it clear, and neither fatty nor bloody, then cut it in pieces, and melt it in a pan with a little water; then strain it strongly through a linen cloth, and put it in a good great pot, and when it is cold, cover it with warm water, and beat it together against the sides of the pot well; then pour away that water, and add more: thus do nine times, until it hath lost the smell of Grease; then wash it in Rose water, and put it up. To prepare Marrows you must take them out of the bones in the beginning of Autumn, and wash them, and melt them, and then use them as you did the Fats.   

To make Honey of Raisins.  
4 R. Raisins of the Sun stoned lib. two. infuse them xxiiii. hours in in lib. vi. of warm water, then boil them to the consumption of half, and strain it, and press it throughly, and boil the decoction to the thickness of Honey; or else to lib. iii. of the decoction, add two pound of dispumed Honey; mingle it, and boil it to the thickness of Honey.  
Honey of Violets and Roses is thus made. R. of red Rose buds lib. two. of the best and purest Honey lib. vi. boil them as before.   

To make dispumed Honey.  
5 You shall boil Honey that hath been clarified with the white of an Egg until it come to the thickness of Honey again; then take it from the fire, and when it is cool put it up.   

Rose Vinegar.  
6 R. Red Rose buds almost blown, the whites and stalks cut away, gathered dry, and dried in the Sun three or four days lib. i Vinegar 
* See this word in the Table of weights, and measures.  Sextaries viij. let them soak xl. days, then strain it, and add other Roses; do thus until the savour and taste please you.   

To make the decoction of flowers and fruits much used in purgations.  
7 R. Dry Figs nu. v. Damask prunes nu. xv. jujubes, Sebesten, ana. nu. xx. tamarinds ℥ i. Flowers of Roses, Violets, Borage, and bugloss ana. ʒ i. Venus' hair, Hops, Endive, ana. m. ss. Liquorice ʒ two. cut them, and beat them all together, and boil them in lib. iii. of Fountain water to the consumption of the third part.   

To make juice of Liquorice.  
8 R. The Roots of Liquorice full of juice, and well cleansed, and a little bruised, what quantity you please; macerate them three days in Spring water, in a Vessel wherein the water may stand three or four fingers above the Liquorice; after this heat them at the fire, and strain them; then take the decoction, and boil it gently until it come to the just consistence; then make it up into what fashion you will.   

To make Aloes Rosatum.  
9 R. Of the best Aloes cicatrine and clear, powdered, ℥ iiii. juice of Damask Roses clarified lib. i. mingle them, and put them in the Sun, or in a Balneo, until all the moisture be exhaled; do this four times, make it up in a mass, and when you have occasion make small pills thereof.   

To make May Butter.  
10 R. Fresh Butter made in May, and without salt, put it in a broad earthen Vessel glazed, and set it in the Sun to melt: that which melts whilst the Sun is hottest, let run through a thick Cloth without pressing, then put it again to the Sun; do thus until it be white, then put it up in pots.   

To make Salt of Ceruse, described in my receipts for Beauties.  
11 R. A quantity of Ceruse, grind it into very fine Powder, and infuse lib. i. in a pottle of distilled Vinegar for four or five days, than Filter it; then set that you have Filtered in a glazed Earthen vessel over a gentle fire, until it concrete unto Salt.   

The manner to prepare Goat's blood, wonderful efficacious in Medicines for the Stone.  
12 R. A young Male Kid of a reasonable age, not too young; breed him up in the house with Pimpernell, Smallage, Parseley, Fennell, Bayes, Ivy, Lovage, and all manner of herbs that will break the Stone, and let him eat nothing else: kill him in the month of August, when the Sun is going into the sign Cancer; cut his throat, and receive the blood that comes out of the Arteries, which you may know by the thickness, let it congeal, and throw away the water that swims on the top; the rest of the blood put into an Oven when the bread is newly drawn, and let it dry, and then powder it.   

To make Metheglin.  
13 Gather these herbs following in the midst of july, and lay them to dry in the Wind; then keep them clean, and from moulding, until Michaelmas, that you make your Metheglin; Saxifrage, Egrimony, Sentory, Time, brown Mints, Rosemary, Betony, ana, but of Saxifrage, and Egrimony, a greater quantity: boil all these in Water until it look like Malmsey; then take it from the fire, and let it cool; then take your poulst or combs wrought as it is, and put into the Wort being blood warm, temper them well together, and let them run through a cleansing sieve, and scum the Wax off very clean; then put in a new laid Hens Egg into the Wort, and if it bear not the Egg, put in more Combs, until it bear it: then seethe it again three or four walmes, and scum it clean; then take it off the fire, and when it is cold, put it into a Barrel, and when it hath worked, stop it up close.   

To make Cider.  
14 Grind your Apples, or beat them small, and strain them: let the Liquor stand a while, as you do Wort; then ton it up, and let not the Barrels be stopped until it hath done working, and casting out all the dregs: then stop it up close; if you will have it compounded with Spices, you must boil such Spices in it as you have a mind to, and then tun it as before. Perry is made after the same manner with Pears.   

An excellent way to wash Aloes.  
15 R. Of the best Aloes ℥ two. put thereto a quarter of a pint of the juice of damask Roses, and as much of the Syrup of Violets, two spoonfuls of Vinegar; then set it in a warm Oven after the bread is drawn, and let it so remain until it be dissolved; then strain it hard through a fair Cloth, and set it on fair Embers until it be thick like a Conserve, stirring it divers times; then R. Nutmegs, Cinnamon, Ginger, Cloves, Mace, Agaricke, Cubebs, ana one Duccate weight, and as much Rhubarb: bruise all these as you would for hippocras, and lay them in three quarters of a pint of very good Muskadine three days; then strain it, and after beat the Spices as small as you can, and grind them with the said Wine again; then strain it, and wring it out as hard as you can; then put your Wine to your Conserved Aloes, and let it stand so long on warm Embers, till it have drunk up all the Wine, and is turned to a Conserve again, stirring it divers times; then put it in a close Pot, and keep it for an excellent purging Pill, to be taken once a week, the quantity of a Bean made in Pills, one hour before supper, it doth cure the Headache, comforteth the Stomach, and hath many good and approved operations.   

To make Lute sapientiae, to lute the Receivers in distillations, or to lute Pots in any decoction.  
16 R. Of Potter's earth two parts, Horse dung one part, a little fine powdered Brick, and a little of the filings of Iron, quick Lime, with salt Water, and the yolkes of Eggs; temper them very well together, and use it: If you wet a linen Cloth in salt Water, and let it dry of itself, than wet it in the yolkes of Eggs well beaten, and lay it over with a little of the former lute thin, and cover the pot: the whites of Eggs with Lime is also good.  
17 Bread and Honey eaten every Morning, cureth a Consumption.   

To make Honey of Roses.  
18 R. Of red Rose buds lib. two. of the best Honey lib. vi. boil them according to art.   

To know the virtues of herbs in all Seasons.  
Gather herbs, and leaves in March, April, May: Flowers in May, june, july, August: Seeds in September, October, November: Roots in December, january, February.    

Preserves, and Conserves. CHAP. XLVI.  

To preserve Cherries.  
1 GAther your Cherries in the morning, and let them not be too ripe, cut off the tops of the Stalks, and lay the Cherries in a pan upon a thin bed of Sugar; to every pound of Cherries take a pound of Sugar, and beat it very fine, and ever as the Cherries boil up, cast Sugar on them, and scum them not until the scum be ready to seethe over; let them boil with a quick fire, for so they will be the fairer: you need not fear the breaking of them, for as they cool they will close again; and seethe not above two pound at once, the fewer the better, and boil them rather too little then too much; being sodden, put them into a fair dish, and let them stand till the next day, and if there come any Water from them, then seethe them a little more; you must use a silver spoon about them which must be scoured very clean, for if you use either Ladle, or knife that hath been used about flesh, it will cause Mites to breed in your Cherries.   

To preserve Quinces.  
2 Take Quinces, and wipe them clean, and core them into a fair platter, that you may save the seeds; then take clear Conduit water, and put it into a fair Earthen pot that is somewhat broad in the bottom, that the Quinces may lie one by one; then put in your Quinces with the Kernels, and jelly about them, but no part of the Coares, for it will make the Syrup bitter; then set them on the fire, and let them seethe gently till the Quinces be soft, and break not; then take them out, and lay them in a fair dish, and when they are cold  them, but let the Kernels, and the Water seethe a while after the Quinces are out; then take the Water, and strain it clean from the Kernels, and to every pound of Quinces put a pint of that Water, and a pound of fine beaten Sugar, and put the Sugar into the Liquor, and stir it well until the Sugar be melted; then let it seethe, and when it hath sodden a while, and is scummed, put in your Quinces, and let them seethe very softly a good while till they be red, for with long seething they will be red of themselves; you must turn them often that they may be all of one colour, and when you think they be red enough, skin them clean, and when they be cold, put them up.   

To preserve Damsons, Peareplums, or any other kind of Plums.  
3 Gather your Damsons in a fair dry day, and let them not be bruised, but let them be ripe, or else they will not be well coloured; to every pound of Damsons take a pound of fine beaten Sugar, and one spoonful of Rosewater: you must put your Damsons in a fair great pan one by one, and not above a pound at once; then set them upon a Chafingdish and Coals, but let not your fire be too hot at first: then set on your Plums, and cast in as much Sugar as the Rose-water will melt, before you set them on the fire; and when you feel your pan warm, cast on half your Sugar, and let the pan be no hotter than you can suffer your hand on it; for the space of a quarter of an hour, you must not turn them until there be as much Syrup as will bear them up; then turn them, and cast on the rest of your Sugar, but you must not let them seethe when you do turn them, because than they will break on both sides; but let them lie in hot Syrup a while: then turn the broken sides downwards again, and let them seethe softly a little while, then may you turn them as often as you please; and let them seethe reasonable fast, till you think they be enough; if you let them seethe long, they will lose their colour, and will be tough; you must skin them very clean, and when they be cold, put them up in Glasses; and put in four, or five Cloves, and as many little slices of Cinnamon of about an inch long: thus you may preserve any Plums, but you must put neither Cloves, nor Cinnamon to your white Plums.   

To make Marmalade of Quinces.  
4 First take twelve quarts of fine running Water, and put to it sixteen pound of Quinces well pared, and coared, and quartered into four parts, and put to them eight pound of Sugar, and let all this seethe softly till it be more than half sodden away: let them be close covered, or else they will not be red; when you see them of a good colour, break them with a spoon, and boil them till they come to Marmalade. You may dissolve a little Musk, or a little Ambergris in some Rose-water, and put into it after the boiling, to give it both a fine taste, and smell: when it gins to cleave to the spoon, then take it from the fire, and fill your Boxes, and with a feather strike it over with Rosewater.   

To preserve Grapes, Barberies, or Gooseberries.  
5 Take as much Sugar as they do weigh, and somewhat more, and beat it very fine; then take your preserving Pan, or Skillet, and lay a bed of Sugar, and a bed of Fruit, till you have laid all; then take five, or six spoonfuls of fair water, as much as will wet the bottom of the Pan, and boil them as fast as you can until they be clear; then boil the Syrup until it will button upon the side of a dish, and it is enough; then put them up in pots.   

To keep Quinces raw all the year.  
6 Take some of the worst Quinces, and cut them into small pieces, and boil them in water until it be strong of the Quince: put in the boiling, to every Gallon two spoonfuls of Salt, as much English Honey, half a pint of white Wine Vinegar; then strain it, and when it is cold, put it into a wooden vessel, and take as many of your best Quinces as will go into that Liquor; then stop them very close, that no air get into them, and they will keep all the year.   

To make Paste of Oranges, and Lemons.  
7 Take your Oranges well coloured, boil them tender in water, shifting them six, or seven times in the boiling; put into the first water a handful of Salt: then beat them in a wooden Bowl with a wooden Pestle, strain them through a piece of Cushion Canvasse, take the weight of them in Sugar, and somewhat more; then boil it, and dry it, and fashion it as you please, and dry it in a warm Oven upon a Plate all night; on the morrow turn it.   

To make Paste of Genua the true way.  
8 Take Quinces, and boil them in their skins, then scrape all the pulp from the core, strain it through a piece of Cushion Canvasse, then take as much Sugar as the pulp doth weigh, put to it twice so much water as will melt it, that is, half a pint to every pound of Sugar: boil it to a candy height, dry the pulp upon a Chafingdish, and Coals; then put the Sugar and the pulp hot together, boil it with stirring until it will lie upon a Plate even as you lay it, and run no broader; then fashion it, some like leaves, and some like letters, so set your Plate in a warm Stove, or Oven, set it upon two billets of Wood up from the hearth of the Oven all one night, in the morning turn it, and so set it in the like heat again, and so every day turn, until it be dry.   

To make Paste of any tender Plums.  
9 Take any tender Plums, and put them in an earthen Pot, and put your Pot into a Pot of seething water, and when they are dissolved, strain all the thin water from them through a fair Cloth, and set the Liquor by to make Quiddnie of; then strain the pulp through a piece of Canvasse; then take as much Sugar as the pulp doth weigh, put to it as much water as will melt it, and boil it to a Candy height: Then boil the pulp of the Plums very well upon the Coals, and put it, and the Sugar hot together, so boil them with stirring; then lay them upon a Pie plate, and fashion it, and dry it as before; put some pulp of Apples amongst the the pulp of Plums, else it will be tough.   

To make Marmalade of some of these Plums.  
10 There is no more difference, but in boiling it higher than your Paste, till it come clean from the bottom of the Skillet, than box it.   

To make conserve of any of these Fruits.  
11 When you have boiled your Paste beforesaid, ready to fashion upon the Plate, put it up in galley Pots, and never dry it; and that is all the difference between Conserve and Paste, and so you may make Conserve of any Fruits; this is for all hard bodied Fruits, as Quinces, Pippins, Oranges, and Lemons.   

To make Conserve of tender Fruits, or Berries.  
12 First dissolve your Plums as you did, to make your Paste strain through the Liquor Pulp and all, and to every pint of that take three quarters of a pound of Sugar, and so boil it until it be somewhat thick, that when you lay some of it upon a cold dish it will run no broader; then put it up.   

To Preserve Fruits green.  
13 Take Pippins, Apricockes, Peareplummes, or Peaches, while they are green; scald them in hot water, and pill them; the Peaches and Apricockes, scrape the Fur off them, then boil them very tender, then take as much Sugar as they do weigh, and as much water as will make a Syrup to cover them in, then boil them something leisurely, and take them up, and boil the Syrup until it be something thick, that it will button upon a dish side; and when they are cold, put them up together.   

To Preserve these Plums when they are ripe.  
14 Take as much Sugar as they weigh, and put not so much water to them as you did to the green, for they will yield Liquor of themselves; boil them not altogether so leisurely as you did the other, if you do, the Syrup will turn red, and so when you have boiled them, take them up, and pot them as aforesaid.   

To dry Pippins as clear as Amber.  
15 Take yellow Pippins, pair them, and cut them in the midst, and cut out the Core; then put them into a Basin of Water; then take their weight of Sugar, clarify it, boil it near to Candy height, dry your Pippins with a fair cloth, than put them into the hot Sugar, and let them boil as fast as you can: when they rise up, take them off the fire, and scum them: turn them, and set them on the fire again, and let them boil apace, and scum them again; so do six times: when the Sugar is Candy height, take out the Pippins, lay them on a board, and put them into a warm oven; within three hours you may turn them, within three days they will be dried enough.   

To dry Apricocks very Orient and clear.  
16 Take Apricocks which be not over ripe, take out the Stones, put them into as much clarified Sugar as will cover them; boil them leisurely often stirring them, then take them off the fire, and let them stand all the night in the Syrup, the next day warm them again in that Syrup; when they be through hot, set them to drain, then take another fresh Sugar, and boil it a little higher; boil them in it leisurely, and turn them now and then, and scum them; so let them stand until the next day in that Syrup; then warm them throughly, and lay them again to dry: take the third fresh Sugar, boil it to a Candie height, put in your Apricocks to that hot Sugar, boil them, now and then taking them off to scum them: your Sugar being boiled to a Candie height, take out your Apricocks, lay them upon a fair board: then put them into a warm Oven, the next day turn them, and put them again into an Oven; within one week they will be dry, and as yellow as gold.   

To dry Plums▪ or Cherries.  
17 Gather them in the heat of the day, and prick them with a Pin; lay them upon the bottom of a Sieve, put them in an Oven after the Bread is drawn: when they begin to whither, let not your Oven be so warm, as at the first putting them in; within one week they will be dry, than box them up.   

To dry Pears without Sugar.  
18 Take the Norwich Pears, pair them, save on the stalk, and the Peep; prick them with a knife, and put them in an earthen pot, and bake them in an Oven, but bake them not too soft: put them into a white Plate Pan, put dry Straw under them, and lay them into an Oven after the Bread is drawn, and every day warm the Oven to that degree of heat, as when the bread is newly drawn: within one week they will be dry.   

To dry Peareplummes, or other Plums.  
19 Take Plums, prick them, put to them as much Sugar as will cover them, set them on the fire until they crack a little; then take them up, and put them into fresh Sugar, added to the first Syrup, and let them boil higher than before; take them off the fire, now and then to skim them, then put in your Plums again, and let them warm again in that Syrup half an hour; then put them into a Glass for three or four hours in that Sugar; then warm them again, and set them to drain than take as much fresh Sugar, as will cover them, and boil it to a Candy height; then put in your Plums again into that Sugar, and let them boil leisurely half an hour, now and then turning them, for that will make them to take Sugar; take them up between hot and cold, lay them on a Board to dry, box them up.   

To dry Oranges or Lemons.  
20 Raspe off their outward skins, cut them into halves, take out their meat, and lay them in Water three or four days, then take them out of that water, and lay them into a fresh Water, and boil them tender: shift the Water five or six times, to take away their bitterness; when they are tender, then take them up and wipe them with a fair cloth, and put them into as much clarified Sugar as will cover them, and let them boil leisurely two hours: take them off the fire, put them into an earthen Pipkin for four days, than set them on the fire until they be through hot, then set them to drain and when they are drained, take fresh Sugar, boil it to a Candy height; then put in your Oranges to that hot Sugar, so let them boil till they come to a Candy height, then take them out, lay them upon a Sieve, and dry them in an Oven: within ten days they will be dry.   

To dry Lettuce Stalks, Arcichhcke Stalks, or Cabbage Stalks.  
21 Take the Stalks, pill them to the Pith, put the Pith into a strong Brine three or four days; then take them out of the Brine, boil them in fair Water very tender, then dry them with a cloth, & put them into as much clarified Sugar as will cover them, & so preserve them, as you did your Oranges; then take them up, and set them to drain; then take another fresh Sugar, and boil it to the height of a Candy▪ when it cometh to a Candy height, take them out and dry them.   

To Candy Barberries, Grapes, or Gooseberries,  
22 After you have preserved them, as aforesaid, dip them in warm Water very suddenly to wash off the ropy Syrup, then strew them over with sersed Sugar, as you would do Flower upon Fish to fry, and so set them into a warm Oven, or Stove, three or four times, and never let them be cold until they be dry, and they will look like a sparkling Diamond.   

To dry any fruits after they are Preserved.  
23 Take Pippins, Pears, or Plums, and wash them out in warm Water from the Syrup they are preserved in, and strew them over with searsed Sugar, as you did before; then set them in a broad earthen Pan, that they may lie one by one; then set them in a warm Oven or Stove to dry: if you will Candy them withal, you must strew on Sugar three or four times in the drying.   

To make clear Cakes.  
24 Take Plums of any sort, but Raspices are the best, put them into a stone jug, & put the jug into a Pot of seething Water, and when they are dissolved, strain them thorough a fair cloth, and take to every Pint of that, a pound of Sugar, put to the Sugar as much water as will melt it, and boil it to a Candy height; boil the Liquor likewise in another Pan by, than put them seething hot together; boil them a little together with Stirring, then put them in Glasses made like Marmalade boxes, and set them in a warm Oven or Stove, in a drying heat: let them stand so a fortnight or three weeks, and never be cold, and remove them from one place to another, while the cold places are heating, that they may not be cold: they will turn in a week; beware you set them not too hot, for that will make them tough, and so every day turn them until they be dry, and they will be very well Candied without, and moist within.   

To Candy the clear Rock Candy.  
25 Take Spices, or Flowers, or any dry Sucket, or any Fruits after they are preserved and dry again; lay them upon round Wires in an earthen Pan, the Pan being narrow at the bottom, and broad at the top, and take as much Sugar, refine or Brasill Powder: you must neither take Barbary Sugar nor Maderous, they are too fat; put to it as much Water as will melt it, that is, half a Pint to every pound, and something more, and when your Sugar is melted, take the white of an Egg, and a dozen spoonfuls of fair Water; beat them together in a Basin, with a Birchin Rod, till it come to a froth, than put the froth of the Egg into the hot syrup, set it on the fire again, and when it boyles and riseth up, drop a drop of cold Water amongst it, than set it off the fire, & scum it; then boil ito to a Candie height, that is, when it will draw like a thread between your finger and your thumb; then pour it seething hot into your Pan amongst your fruits, set it upon a Cushion in a warm Chimney corner, and cover it close with a Blanket; on the morrow pour out all the Syrup that will run from it, and then set your Pot in a warm place again to dry: prick up your Wires, take off all the Fruits, and lay them on Papers to dry, than box them.   

To Candy Eringoe Rootes.  
26 Take your Roots new gathered, without knots, or joints; boil them tender in fair Water: let your Water boil before you put them in, then pill them, slit them, and pith them, and wash them in two or three fair Waters: dry them with a fair cloth, and plate them, then take twice so much as they weigh, and refine your Sugar, and boil them in the one half, till they be tender and clear; make your Syrup first with half Rose-water, and half fair Water: when their be clear, make a Syrup with the other half of your Sugar, and boil your Sugar to a Manus Christi, that is, when it will draw as fine as the hair of your head; then put in your Roots again, and boil them, and shake them in a Basin till they be cold, and so lay them upon Papers until they be dry.   

To Candy Suckets, Oranges, Lemons, Pomecitrons, and Lettuce Stalks.  
27 Boil them tender in Water, and then Candy them, as you did the Roots aforesaid.   

To Candy Flowers after another fashion used in Spain.  
28 Take what Flowers you will, and pick off the leaves from the Flower, and make a Syrup of Sugar, and put in the Blossoms of your Flowers, as many as will go into the Syrup; boil them with stirring until it be turned to Sugar again, set them off the fire, and with the back of a Spoon, stir them, and bruise the Sugar from them, and they will be Candied, and no Sugar seen upon them.   

To make Lozenges of any of these Flowers.  
29 Make a Syrup of Sugar, as before, and take the blossoms of what Flower you will, and shred them on a Trencher, or beat them in a Wooden Dish; then put in as many as will colour the Syrup of that colour the Flowers are of, and boil it with stirring, until it will come clean from the bottom of the Pan, and so thick, that it will scarce drop out of your spoon; then pour it upon a wet board, and with a wet Knife spread it abroad, not very thin; when it is almost cold, cut it in square Lozenges like Diamonds.   

To make a Marchpane, Ice it, garnish it, and gild it.  
30 Take Almonds, and blanche them out of seething Water, and beat them in a Stone mortar; in the beating drop in a drop or two of Rose Water to keep them from oiling, and now and then strew a handful of searsed Sugar to bring it to a Paste: when you have brought it to perfect Paste, roll it as thin as you will have it, and set an edge about it, as about a Tart; then cut Flowers, and Images to garnish it with of the same Paste; then set it on Wafers, and after on a double Paper, and then on a Pie Plate, and so put it into an Oven hot enough for Manchet, and bake it: when it is half baked, take it out, and with the white of an Egg, Rose Water, and searsed Sugar beaten together as thick as Batter for Fritters, with a Feather Ice it, by spreading it over; then set it into the Oven again, and when the ice is risen, take it out, and whilst it is hot, stick in your long garnishing Comfits; and when it is cold, gilled it over in this manner: beat the white of an Egg very short, and with a Pencil wet those places you would have gold; when it is almost dry, cut your Leaf gold in little pieces, and with a Feather lay it on.   

To make Rashers of Bacon.  
31 Take some of the Marchpane, and knead it in Saunders until it be red, then roll abroad three Rolls of the red, and four of the white, and lay together a white and a red Roll, until you have laid all; then cut them overthwart in thin slices, and dry them, and they will look like Bacon.   

To make Macaroons.  
32 Take of blanched Almonds a quarter of a pound, and three ounces of searsed Sugar; beat these in a Mortar, with a little of the white of an Egg, and Rose water: so beat it until it be a little thicker than Batter for Fritters; then lay it a spoonful at once upon Wafers, and so bake it.   

To make Naples Biscuit.  
33 Take Almonds, and Sugar, as you did before for Macaroons; to every quarter of a pound put one ounce of Pine apple seed: bake it as before, that is all the difference.   

To make French Biscuit.  
Take half a peck of Flower, four Eggs, half a pint of Ale Yeast, an ounce and a half of Aniseeds, make all these together in a loaf with a little sweet Cream, and a little cold water: make it in the fashion of a Dutch loaf, something long; when it is baked, and a day or two old, cut it in thin slices like toasts, and strew it over with pgwdered Sugar, and dry it in a warm Stove: then Sugar it again when it is dry; then dry it again, and so do three or four times, then box it.   

To make Prince Biscuit.  
35 Take a pound of Sugar, and a pound of fine Flower: beat your Sugar very fine, then take eight Eggs, take out two of the Whites, and beat all these together in a Bowl an hour; then take Coffins made of Tin, and indosse them over with sweet butter within: put to it half an ounce of Aniseeds finely dusted, when you are ready to fill your Coffins; for if it be put in before, it will discolour your bread; or you may lay Wafers all within your Coffins, which is the best way, and so bake it.   

To boil Sugar to a Manus Christi height.  
36 Boil it until it be almost Sugar again, and at the last drop of your spoon there will a hair drop from it as fine as the hair of your head.   

To boil Sugar to a Candy height.  
37 Boil Sugar until it will draw like a thread between your Finger, and your Thumb.  
Preserve all your white Fruits in a Copper preserving Pan tinned within; for any Mettle else will change the colour of your Fruits.   

To make Marmalade of Oranges, or Lemmons.  
38 Take fair Oranges or Lemons, cut them, take out the meat, and boil them tender in fair water, shifting the water seven or eight times to take away the bitterness; then take them up, and wring all the water from them, and beat them in a stone Mortar with the pulp of three or four yellow Pippins; then strain it, and boil it with stirring until it become thick; then take it from the fire and lay it upon white Paper, and take as much refined Sugar as that pulp doth weigh, and put it into a Pan with as much Rose-water as will melt it: boil it to a Candy height, and then put in your pulp into the Sugar; and boil it until it rise from the bottom of the Pan, ever stirring it; then box it, and put it into a Stove uncovered, and when it is dried cover it.    

Miscellanea. CHAP. XLVII.  

To make jelly of Flesh.  
1 TAke a red Cock, and a knuckle of Mutton, or the sinews, and knuckle of Veal, and a little Mutton, Raisins of the Sun stoned: boil all these to pieces; then take it from the fire, and stamp the meat and all together in a Mortar, and let it run through a woollen strainer; and when it hath stood all night, scum off the top, and season the rest with Sugar, and a little Nutmeg sliced, and a stick of Cinnamon, and a blade of Mace: boil it up, and strain it through a jelly bag.   

To make Hartshorn jelly.  
2 Put to four ounces of Hartshorn, a quart, or three pints of Water, and infuse it twelve hours in a Pipkin very close, and when it is almost enough, put to it a few Cowslip flowers, Borage, and Violet flowers, and a blade of Mace; then let it run through the strainer, and season it with Sugar; put to it the juice of a Lemon, and a little Nutmeg sliced, and boil it until it will jelly in a spoon; then put a sprig of Rosemary a little while into it, and so run it through your jelly bag.   

To make the Court jelly.  
3 Take three Calves feet, water them all one night, then scald them as you would do a Pig, and slit them, and take out the long bones; then take a young Cockerell, and dress him, and after he hath lain one night in water, boil him and the feet together in four pints of white Wine, and as much fair Water, until it be enough; then let it run through a fair strainer into a Basin, letting it stand until it be through cold; and then take a Knife, or a Spoon, and cut or scum off the purest from the dross in the bottom, and put the same into a clear Pot with three quarters of a pound of Sugar, two ounces of Cinnamon scrapped, and a little bruised, one ounce of Ginger pared, and sliced, two Nutmegs sliced, and ten Cloves cut, all these being put together, set them on the fire, and boil them until it be almost enough; then take the whites of six Eggs, and beat them well together, and put them into your jelly on the fire, stirring them altogether, letting them boil a good walm, and so take it off the fire, letting it stand until the heat be well off it, and then take off the uppermost clean, and let the rest run through a jelly bag, with a branch of Rosemary twice or thrice, until it be very clear.   

A remedy for the Flux.  
4 R. The inward Rind of an Oak sapling, boil it in the milk of a red Cow, herewith make Rice pottage, and season it with Cinnamon, and some Sugar, and use to eat of it.   

For an old Cough, or Phthisic.  
5 R. Auripigmentum made into fine Powder ʒ i. mix it with Wort, or the Yolk of an Egg, to the thickness of a Plaster, and spread it upon Coltsfoote leaves, or new Canvasse cut into small pieces, and burn them one after another upon a Chafingdish, and Coals, and receive the fume into your mouth with a Funnel.   

For a Consumption.  
6 Boil in running Water a leg of Veal, or Beef, or a Capon cut in small pieces; scum away the fat, and froth as fast as it riseth, boil it the space of an hour: then R. Parseley roots, Fennel roots, Tamarisse roots, Rosemary brances, Hartstongue leaves, ana, nu. v. Borage m. two. Spearemints, Sowthistle, Sorrell, Dandelion, Violet leaves, Hyssop, ana, m. i. cut the roots, and stuff your Capon with the herbs, the residue of you herbs bind in a bundle, and boil with your roots in the same Earthen vessel: add thereto a few crusts of Manchet, Raisins of the Sun lib. ss. Currans ℥ iii. whole Mace ʒ i. bound in a Cloth, Dates quartered nu. viij. boil all these together with the flesh, until the Broth be thick, and clammy: add more Water in the boiling, that the flesh boil not dry; then run it through a jelly bag, after that put it on the fire again to clarify: hereof let the Patient take four, or five spoonfuls at a time.   

To make a good Cerecloth to skin, and heal.  
7 R. Of Dear suet, and May butter ana lib. ss. Wax ℥ iii. when these are melted, put to them of Lapis Calaminaris beaten, and searsed; when it hath boiled a little while, take it off the fire, and let it run through a thin Cloth; then dip your Clothes into it, and stroke them smooth; when they be cold sleek them.   

A Medicine for the Spleen.  
8 R. White Wine Vinegar, and the Gall of an Ox ana, mingle them together, and set them on the Embers all night to infuse: on the morrow take a blue Cloth well woaded, and wet it in the Liquor, and apply it reasonable warm to the Spleen, and in few days you shall have help.   

For an Apostume in the Head.  
9 R. Barley flower, and Cummin seeds beaten ana, make thereof a Cake with a little Water, and bake it; then whiles it is hot, make a hole in the top, and fill it with Treacle, and hold it to your ear that the breath may go into your head.   

For a weak Back.  
10 R. The pith of an Ox back ℥ iii. Dates sliced ℥ two. boil these in a pint of Muscadine, and eat thereof in a morning.   

For the small Pox.  
11 When you perceive the Pox coming out either on the Patient's Breast or Face, make this Posset: R. Of Ale or Beer, which the Patient likes best, make a Posset with new Milk, and take off the Cured, and boil in the drink one spoonful of raspt Hearts horn, and as many Marigold flowers, six or eight leaves of Sorrell, a little Liquorice sliced, and scraped, a few Figs cut in pieces: take this blood-warme, and drink no other drink for two or three days until they come out; then have a great care to keep the Chamber warm, but not too hot in any case; let them eat no fresh meat (if a Fever accompany the Pox, until it be passed) nor any broth with Spice, but thin thickened broth boiled with a white Crust; when the Fever is past, and the Pox begin to fall, let them eat Bread, and Butter, or a potcht Egg; in all this time let their Beer be warmed with a Toast, and sweetened with Sugar, and when they have drunk, let them eat the Toast to cleanse their mouth, and throat: if the Pox be in the Eyes, then take red Rosewater, and woman's Milk ana, and a little loaf Sugar finely beaten, everyday fresh, and with a feather dress them often in a day; or you may tie a little bruised Quince seed in a cloth, and soak it in white Rose water, and wash the Eyes, but not above thrice a day, lest you feed the Pox, neither wash the Eyes except the Pox be in them; deny them not drink at any time: when the Pox begin to look black on the heads, then minge Parmacetae and Oil of sweet Almonds together to an Ointment, and with a feather anoint the Face at night therewith being a little warmed: this will cause them to scale; then anoint the Face every night with the Ointment of Bacon described before in the Unguents, and in the morning wash your Face with water of Beane flowers; when they are quite well, it is good to give them an ounce or two of Cassia newly drawn, in some Posset drink, to purge them: if the Pox come not out kindly at first, you shall give the Patient of Bezoar powdered small in Posset drink, according to the strength and age of the Patient, from three to eight grains.   

For a Felon.  
12 R. Fine Malt flower m. i. Soap as much as a Walnut, boil them together in some Beer until it be thick; lay this to the place, and change it twice, or thrice in a day.   

For buzzing in the Ears.  
13 R. A clove of Garlic, pill it, and prick three or four holes in the midst of it, and dip it in fine English Honey, and put it into your Ear, and stop your Ear with a little black Wool, and lie upon the contrary side; thus let it rest seven or eight days.   

To stay a Laske.  
14 R. A good quantity of Burr roots, and wash them clean with running Water; then seethe them in fair Water till half the Water be consumed; when you go to bed wash the soles of you Feet herewith, and if that stay not enough, then wash higher, and it will stay it.   

For the Gout.  
15 R. A gallon of thy own Urine, and a pound of Virginwaxe, and of houseleek lib. v. set those on the fire together, and let them scald until the Houseleek be tender; then bathe thy legs and feet therein thus; take a dishfull of this decoction, and by the fire wash thy feet with this Liquor very hot, and let the remnant of the Liquor stand on the fire to keep hot; when that dishfull is cold, put it into the hot Liquor, and take another dishfull, and bathe as you did before; do this for half an hour always with hot broth; then take the residence in the bottom of the Pot, and lay it upon a blue Cloth that is well Woaded, either Woollen, or Linen, and lay it to the soar place, and wrap it well up, and let it lie a day and a night: do thus until it be whole this will drive the pain downwards, and when it is in thy foot, lay the Plaster all over the Foot and Toes; if the disease be in the Hands, do as you did to the Feet.   

For Earewigges, or any Worm crept into the Head.  
16 R. Of the Garlic that is called S. Marry Garlic, three or four Cloves, stamp in a Mortar, and lay them in a little clean Water a good while; then wring out the juice with a Cloth very hard, then put of that Liquor into the Ear, and hold that Ear upwards, and it will kill the Worm, or else cause him to come out at the Nose.   

For a Felon.  
17 R. Smallage pu. i wheaten Leaven, black Soap, and the white of an Egg, and wheat Flower; stamp them together, and lay them on a Cloth to the Felon.   

For the stinging of a Wasp, or Bee.  
18 If the Sting stick in the flesh, pull it out, and then take an Almond, and cut it overthwart, and lay the one half upon the Soare, and it will cease the swelling, and ease the pain.   

For a Stitch in the Side.  
19 R. A pretty big Dish, fill it full of Embers, and lay the reon a handful of Rosemary leaves; and then lay a Cloth on the Rosemary to keep it close, and so lay it to the grieved place as hot as can be suffered.   

To stay the immoderate Flux of Women.  
20 R. A good piece of Allome, and seethe it in fair Water till it be dissolved; then take sodden Milk, and with the said decoction make a Posset, press the Cured from the Whey, and lay the Cured to the secret place, and it will stay it.   

A special Medicine for the Gout.  
21 R. A spoonful of bay Salt, and as much g●ay Soap, and the quantity of a Walnut of Boars grease, Rue, and the herb called Rage ana m. ss. beat all these in a Mortar until they come to a Salve; then lay it on a Cloth to the grief, and renew it once a day.   

For the Megrim.  
22 R. Of the juice of Seagreene, Aquavitae, and the Gall of a Steere ana, put together on the fire to warm; then take a linen Cloth, and bathe your forehead therewith, and your Temples at night when you are going to bed; then dip a double linen Cloth therein, as much as will cover the Forehead, and bind it to the Patient's head all night for two, or three nights together.   

To stay the bloody Flux.  
23 R. A great red Onion, take out the core, and fill the hole full of Frankincense, and English Saffron ana: then put on the top, and set the Onion in the Embers, and when it is tender, spread it on a linen Cloth, and lay the one half to the Navel, and the other to the Fundament as hot as may be.   

To clear the Eyes when they are blood-shotten, or sore.  
24 R. Of Lapis Calaminaris ℥ ss. Sugar Candy ℥ ss. white Wine ℥ i. heat the Stone almost red hot in a clear fire, then beat it very fine in a clean Mortar, and mingle it with the Wine, and strain it through a linen Cloth; then put in the Sugar Candy very finely beaten: put this Water in a Glass, and when you would use it, shake the Glass that it may mingle, and so drop a drop or two into the Eye, lying upwards, Evening, and Morning, and lie so a while after. Note that this Stone must be clear without red spots, or else it is hurtful.   

For wild Fire.  
25 R. Old hard Cheese, grate it, and with Honey make an Ointment, and anoint the place till it be whole.   

For to stay the humour that flows to the Teeth, and Eyes through the Temples.  
26 R. Of Mastic, and Frankincense powdered ana, make a Plaster with sufficient white Wine, and the white of an Egg, and lay it to the Temples.   

To give present ease to the gout.  
27 R. Milk, and boil it, and with Vinegar make a Posset, and bind the Cured hot to the part.   

For the Palsy.  
28 R. A new Earthen pot, and fill it full of Camomile, and stop it well, and set it in another pot under ground for forty days; then take it up, and you shall find Oil there in, and anoint the place with that Oil; if it be in thy Head, anoint thy Forehead, if the Hands, anoint thy Wrists.   

To stop a Laske.  
29 R. Wheaten Meal, and with the juice of Yarrow, make little Cakes, and bake them, and eat them.   

Another.  
30 R. Rhubarb ℥ i. grate it, and mingle it with as much Conserve of Roses as will make it up, hereof R. every morning ʒ ss. and presently after it drink a good draught of warm Milk well boiled, and fast two hours after it, do thus for three days, than R. every night before you go to bed half a dram of Diascordium.   

For one that is blasted.  
31 R. A Hen's Egg, and roast it hard, and put the white only into a brass Mortar, and put to it of Copperas ʒ two. and grind them well together to an Ointment, and anoint the Face, and it will cool it, and allay the swelling, and when it is almost whole, anoint it with Ointment of Popular buds described before.   

To stop women's immoderate Flux.  
33 R. A Hare's foot, and burn it to Powder, and drink it first, and last in stolen Ale, till you be whole.   

To provoke the monthly Visits.  
33 R. A piece of fresh Beef, boil it in fair Water, and scum it clean; when it is enough take it up, and boil in the Broth these herbs following, being shred small, until they be soft; Hartstongue, Maidenhair, Borage, red Mints, Languebeufe, Alexander, and Water cresses, ana, eat these herbs next your heart in a morning for nine days, and lie not long in bed.   

For them that cannot hold their Water.  
34 R. The Pissle of a red Dear that is fallen from him, as it doth every year; dry the same in an Oven after the Bread is drawn; then beat it to powder, and give the Patiented a little thereof in a draught of drink blood-warme last at night, and first in the morning, and fast for three hours after it.   

To stay a Laske.  
35 R. A Nutmeg made in Powder, mix it with a Yolk of an Egg in the shell, the White done away; then heat a Stone hot, and drop a little hereof upon the Stone like little Cakes, and let it bake, and eat of them morning, and evening the quantity of one Egg, and a Nutmeg at a time.   

For a Cough, or Cold.  
36 R. Aniseeds ℥ i. Liquorice ℥ ss. of the best dry Figs nu. x. Raisins of the Sun nu. xx. bruise them small, and boil them in a quart of running Water till half be consumed, and give it the sick to drink warm morning, and evening, and fast two hours after, and it will remove the Cold from the Stomach.   

For the running of the Reins.  
37 R. Parsnips sliced thin, and boiled in red Cow's Milk till they be all Pap, taken cold, morning, and evening; if you add in the boiling the water of Oaken buds, it will be much better.   

For any Carbuncle, Plague Sore, Botch, Boil, or Imposthume.  
38 R. Bay Salt well beaten to powder, sifted, and incorporated well with the yolk of an Egg, and applied, and it will draw to itself all the Venom of the Sore, and break any Boil, and heal it.   

A singular Medicine for Bone ache, in what place soever.  
39 R. Of Aquavitae, and Oil of Bay ana, mix them well together, and warm it in a Saucer, and anoint the grieved place from the fire, and keep it warm.   

For all old Aches, and Pains in the joints.  
40 R. The whole Horn that a Buck casts off, the later the better; cast away the Scalp, and take nothing but the Horn: then cut it in pieces, and boil it in a Gallon of fair water until it come to a pint, or something more; then strain it, and let it stand until it be cold; when you use it, warm some of it in a Saucer, and anoint the grieved place by the fire, and it will cure in nine, or ten dress.   

To cause one to void Wind.  
41 R. The clear juice of red Fennel, and make Posset Ale therewith, and drink it.   

A good Purge.  
42 R. Of Seine ℥ i. Coriander seed ℥ ss. Cinnamon, Liquorice, Aniseeds, Ginger, anaʒ two. Sugar ℥ two. beat them into powder, and steep them in a quart of Ale the space of four and twenty hours; then strain it, and drink the one half at a time: if you will you may take the other half the next day.   

To stay bleeding at the Nose.  
43 R. A linen Cloth, and wet it in cold water, and wrap it about the Patient's Cod, and it will stay.   

For the bloody Flux.  
44 R. As much linen Cloth as will make a Suppositary, make it up into the form of a Suppositary, and soak it well in Aqua composita, and put it up into the Fundament.   

To stay women's immoderate Flux.  
45 R. A pint of Milk hot from the Cow, put in as much Rennet as will serve to turn it to Cheese, and immediately drink it up: do thus for three mornings if need be, and it will stay.   

For too much Vomiting.  
46 R. Of Speare Mint water ℥ iiii. put thereto of the Syrup of Quinces ℥ ss. and ʒ two. of Cinnamon Water, and take two or three spoonfuls at a time.   

For Freckles in the Face.  
48 R. The blood of a Hare warm from the body, and anoint the Face therewith, and it will do them away.   

For an old joint sickness.  
49 R. Aunts with their Eggs, stamp them, and boil them in fair Water, and bathe the member therein.   

For a Botch, Boil, or Felon.  
50 R. The cured of a Posset, and lay to it to gather the corruption together; remove it not in twelve hours: and if once laying will not serve, then do so three, or four times; then take quick Lime, and quench it with fair Spring water, and mix with it as much black Soap, and lay a little thereof to the Sore: when it is broken, wash it with white Wine a little warmed, and then heal it with Butter, and powder of Sugar mixed together.   

To make a juice of Liquorice to stay the Cough coming of Rheum, to be made in the beginning of May.  
51 R. Of Liquorice ℥ iiii. beat it small, and searce it; then R. of Hyssop m. v. or vi. of Foales foot m. iiii. Rosemary flowers m. i stamp all these together in a Stone Mortar, and strain them into a fair Basin, with half a pint of fair running Water, or Hyssop water, put in your Powder of Liquorice, and boil it, and stir it until it be as thick as good Cream; then strain it through a fine Strainer, and set it again on the fire, and let it seethe a good space after, ever stirring it until it be very thick; then put in of red Sugar Candy ℥ iii. or iiii. and boil them until they puff up from the bottom of the Basin.   

For a Felon.  
52 R. Raggewort, Rue, Hyssop, ana pu. i. one clove of Garlic, a little pieces of sour Leaven, a spoonful of Bay salt, and a piece of rusty Bacon, beat all these together, and lay it to very thick for four and twenty hours' space.   

For those that are troubled with Rheum distilling down their Throat in the night.  
53 Of Cumminseeds ℥ two. bruised, Nutmegs sliced, nu. two. Cloves bruised, the same quantity, the yolkes of two Eggs, or two Eggs hard roasted, mingle these together, and quilt them in a linen bag, and sprinkle the said bag with very good Aquavitae, and lay the said bag every night to the nape of your Neck.   

For a Bruise.  
54 R. Of the blood of a Pig ℥ iiii. of Vinegar ℥ two. a few crumbs of brown Bread, boil all these together until they be something thick, and so warm, lay it to the place for the space of four and twenty hours; do thus twice, or thrice if need be.   

To take away the Morphew, and other filth from the Face, and Hands, and to make a new skin.  
55 R. Of white Mercury sublimated ʒ i. Camphire ʒ two. Lemons nu. two. white Sugar ℥ i. fair water one pint and a half, put all these into a Glass, and so let it stand eight or ten days, and then strain it, and keep it in a clean Viol; and when you will use it, wet a clean linen Cloth therein, and then put it softly upon the Face, or Hands where the Morphew, or Filth is, and will take it off in short time.   

To make the Skin soft, and white after the said Medicine.  
56 R. A black Sheep's head or two, and cut off the Horns, and Skin, and throw them away with the Brain, and eyes; then seethe the Heads in fair water, and scum off the Oil very clean, put to this Oil a little Rose-water, and anoint the Face therewith, and it will make a smooth Skin soft, white, and fair.   

To breed Blood, and bring a good fresh Colour in the Face.  
57 R. A new Pipkin with a Cover that will hold a pint, fill it with good old Muscadine, and half a pound of great blue Currans, and the weight of a Shilling of the best Rhubarb cut in slices, and three slices of Ginger: let these stand all night upon the hot Embers, and eat every morning a spoonful or two of the Currants, and Syrup.   

For the Spleen.  
58 R. Ashen keys, and the Greenewood, burn them, & make Lie of the Ashes: after it hath stood three days clear it; then take Barrowes grease, and wash it in white Wine, and dry it, and beat it with a rolling pin: and when it is well beaten, put it into the Lie, and seethe the Lie, and it to an Oil: then put into it a spoonful of Doctor Stephen's water, and and as much Rose-water; beat it well together, and so put it up to anoint the Side downwards: if you use to drink Bedward Posset drink wherein the green bark of Ashe is boiled, it will much profit: it is also good to use Oil of Tamariske, and Oil of Capers to anoint the Side with it.   

An approved laxative Whey for the Spleen.  
59 R. Of the inner bark of the Ash tree, Maidenhair, Hartstongue, Liquorice, Aniseeds, Parceley roots, Seen leaves, and cod's, ana m. i. boil them in a pottle of clean Whey, until almost the half be consumed; then strain it, and use it first, and last, every day until you find health, forbearing to eat or drink the space of two or three hours after; all the while you do this, you shall anoint your Side with the aforesaid Ointment.   

To staunch Blood in Vein, or Artery.  
60 R. Olibanum ℥ two. Aloes Hepaticke ℥ i. hairs of a Hare a little cut, whites of Eggs as much as will serve to incorporate them; make a Stuphe of Flax, and dip it in the Medicine, and apply it cold; let it lie three, or four days: then if it stick fast, apply the white of an Egg, and Oil of Roses until the next day.   

To provoke Vomit, and to purge the Belly.  
61 R. The rind of the root of Elder tree chopped in small pieces, steep it in Wine the space of a night, and drink the Wine in the morning.   

For the Dropsy.  
62 R. Raisins of the Sun stoned lib. i. put them into a pint of good white Wine, and so let them stand covered nine, or ten days; then eat thereof three or four times a day, eight or nine at a time.   

For the Phthisic.  
63 R. The tender crops of Mallows, boil them, and butter them as a Salad with Butter, and Vinegar, and eat them with your meat.   

For women with Child that are subject to Miscarrying.  
64 R. The whites of two Eggs, beat them well with clean Water, and sup them up, when you feel any fright, or sudden alteration.   

For the Colic.  
65 R. Of the Oil of sweet Almonds drawn without fire ℥ iii. mix it with a little white Wine, and Pellitary water, and drink it; then swallow a Leaden Bullet besmeated with Quicksilver, and the Bullet coming presently forth at his Fundament, will cure him.   

For the Sciatica.  
66 First, raise a Blister, and let out the Water in it, then R. ground Ivy, and stamp it, and apply it to the Blister with a cloth sufficiently doubled, then R. a Cat, and flay it, and put into the Belly (the garbage being taken out) twenty Snails, shells and all, and so roast it, and to the dripping, put of Oil of Spike one pennyworth, half an Ox gall, Neats-foote Oil two spoonfuls. Badgers grease one spoonful, Oil of Turpentine two pennyworth, A quavitae one pennyworth; mix them, and therewith anoint the grief, and keep it warm.    
FINIS.   

A Table of the principal matters contained in this book.  

A  

TO make Aegyptiacum part 2. page 8.  
For an Ache, part ibidem page 10. num. 9 page 11. num. 10 page 12 num. 15 page 13. num. 18. page 17. num. 16. page 49. num. 6. page 51. num. 10. page ibi. num. 11. page 52. num. 13. page 55. num. 19 page 48. num. 8. page 45. num. 5. page 167. num. 41. page 84. num 49.  
Actions what they are part 1. page 52.  
Ages, part 1. page 9  
Agues cured, part 2. page 63. num. 7. page 104. num. 2. page 110. num. 2.  
Aloes Rosatum made, part 2. page 133. num. 9  
Aloes washed, part ibidem page 135. num. 15.  
Apoplexy cured, part 2. page 36. num. 33.  
Apostemes cured, part ibidem page 49. num. 6. in the head, page 158. num 9  
Appetite procured, part ibidem page 49 num 6.  
Asthma cured, part 2. page 113. num. 8. page 121. num. 26.  
Artichoke stalks dried, part ibidem page 147. num. 21.  
Apricockes' dried, part ibidem page 145. num. 16.  
Aire, which is best, part 1. page 59    

B  

Back strengthened and cooled, part 2. page 11. num. 10. page 158. num. 10. page 49. num. 6.  
Balms to make, part ibidem page 94. Banisters balm, Vesalius his balsam, page 96. Fallopius his balsam, page 97.  
Barberies preserved, part ibidem page 141. num. 5. candied, page 148. num 22.  
Baths part ibidem page 98.  
Belly purged, part ibidem page 173. num 61.  
Blood what it is, part 1. num. 23.  
Blouding part ibidem page 80.  
Bloody flux stopped, part 2. page 42. num. 51. page 49. num. 6. page 163. num. 23. page 43. num. 53.  
Bleeding staunched, part ibidem page 61. num. 3 page 66. num. 18. page 92. num. 15 page 173. num. 60. at nose page 168. num. 43.  
Blood cleansed, part ibidem page 40. num. 46. good blood bred page 172. num 57  
Beauty procured part ibidem page 80. num 36.  
Blasting helped, part 2. page 44. num. 57 page 165. num. 31.  
Boxing or cupping, part 1. page 82.  
Bone broken to draw out, part 2. page 17 num. 16. cured, page 46. num. 64 page 51 num. 10. page 89.  
Bone ache, part ibidem page 167. num 39  
Botches or boiles, part ibidem page 51. num, 10. pestilent botch, page 167. num. 38 page 169. num, 49.  
Brain strengthened, part ibidem page 22. num 13.  
Breast purged part ibidem page 123 num. 1.  
Breast sore, part ibidem page 89. num. 2. page 92. num. 16, 17, 18.  
Breath kept sweet part ibidem p●ge 44. num. 55. page 38. num. 41. page. 74 num. 22 page 97 num, 35.  
Bladder and reins purged, part ibidem page 38. num 42. naples biscuit, part ibidem page 153, num 33, frence biscuit num 34, prince biscuit num 35.  
Bruises cured, part ibidem page 171, num 54 page 42, num 51, page 49, num. 6 page 51, num 10 page 54, num 17, page 38, num 42, page 12. num 14, page num 11. page 10. num 9  
Burn or scald, part 2 page 13, num 16, part 16 num 23.    

C  

Cabbage stalks dried part 2 page 147, num, 21.  
Candy rock very clear, part ibidem page 149, num 25.  
Cankers cured, part ibidem page 86 num 58, page 71 num 10 page 58, num 26. page 30 num 21. page 17 nu. 16 page 70 num 9 page 105 num 4 in the mouth, page 76 num 24.  
Cataplasms or poultices part ibidem page 89.  
Catarches cured, part ibidem page 25 num 20.  
Clear cakes, part ibid. m p●ge 148 num 24.  
Carbuncles cured, part ibidem page 167 num 48 page 86 num 58 page 91 num 11.  
Cherries preserved, part ibidem page 138, num 1 dried, page 146 num 17.  
Cider to make, part ibidem page 135 num 14.  
Clysters to make, part ibidem page 3.  
Collar what, part 1 page 29 purged, part 2 page 63 num 9 page 104 num 1, 2.  
Good Colour bred part 2 page 172, num 57  
Chaps in the hands or feet, part ibidem page 43 num 53.  
Child dead in the womb expelled, part ibidem page 34, num 30, page 41 num 48 page 38 num 42 page 123, num 1.  
Childbed pain eased, part ibidem page 35 num 32 page 41 num 49.  
Colic cured, part ibidem page 174 num 65 page 41 num 49, page 43 num 53 page 62, num 5 page 104, num 2 page 36, num 33, page ibidem num 34, page 38 num 40 page ibidem num 43, page 40 num 46, page 21 num 10 speedily eased, page 49, num 6.  
Consumption cured, part ibidem page 157, num 6 page 99, num 4 page 31 num 22.  
Concoction helped, part ibidem page 324, num 4.  
Conception false expelled, part ibidem page 42 num 50,  
Conception helped numb 51, page 43, num 53 page 49, num 6 page 79 num 35.  
Conserve of Plums, part ibidem page 143, num 11 of tender fruits or berries, page 144, num 12.  
Contusions part ibidem page 37 num 36.  
Cough cured, part ibidem page 37, num 38, page 34, num 30 page 42 num 52 Cough or Cold, pa. 105, n. 6 page 122 num 29 page 123 num 1 of the lungs, p goe 121, num 27 28 page 157, num 5 page 166 num 36 page 35 num 32.  
Courses in women Provoked, part ibidem page 165 num 33, page 123 num 1 page 119, num 24 page 49 num 6 page 45, num 59 page 44 num 56, page 42 num 50 page 34 num 30 page 23 num 16 page 38 num 42 page 37 num 39, page 11 num 12.  
Cramp part ibidem page 20 num 9 page 22 num 14. page 25 num 20 page 35 num 32 page 95 num 4.  
Fresh cuts, part ibidem page 58 num 28.    

D.  

Day's good and evil, part 1 page 78.  
Damsons preserved, part 2 page 139 num 3.  
Decoction of flowers and fruits, part ibidem page 132 num 7.  
Drink which is best, part 1 page 61.  
Disease what, part 1 page 72, cause of a disease page 75.  
Disentery helped, part 2 page 24, num. 18.  
Dropsy cured, part ibidem page 174, num 62. page 79, num 35, page 44, num 56 page 41 num 48, page 40, num 46.    

E  

Elements what, part 1 page 6.  
Electuaries, Diaphaenicon, part 2. page 104. Benedicta Confectio Hamech, part 105, Heir a simplex 106, de ovo, page 107 of the juice of roses, page 104.  
Eearewigs got into the head part 2 page 161, num 16.  
Emplasters, part 2 page 47 de janua: Divinum ibi, the black emplaster page 48, Sir Philip Paris his emplaster, page 49, Oxecrotium page 51 Doctor Morsus Oxecrotium page 52, gratia Dei, page 53, 57 green salve 55, tobacco salve, page 58, black salve page 59  
Epilepsy curied part ibidem page 22, num 14.  
Emerroids cured, part ibidem page 30, page 40 num 44.  
Ears th●t run, part ibidem page 97, num 7.  
Ears troubled with a buzzing, part 2 page 160, num 13.  
Eringo roots candied part ibidem page 150, num 26.  
Eyes cleared, part ibidem Page 163, num 24, page 123, num 3 blearedness cured page 97, num 7 page 86, num 58, page 84. num 49 dimness cured page 82 num 42, bruised eye page 82, num 41, sore eyes page 81, num 39, page 76, num 25, 26, 27. page 77, num 29, page 7 num 7, Eyes inflamed, page 68, num 1 page 49, num 6 p●ge 44, num 56, page 43, num 54 page 40, num 46.    

F  

Faculties what, part 1. page 49.  
Face cleared, part 2, page 71, num 12, preserved young, page 72, num 16, made smooth, page 73, num 17, 18, 19, 20. redness and pimples cured page 74, num 21, face and hands made white page 85, num 53 after the pox page 12, num 13, 14.  
Freckles taken off the face and hands, part ibidem page 169 num 47.  
Fever cured, part ibidem page 35, num 31, Fever hectic page 19, num 6.  
Falling sickness cured, part ibidem page 25 num 10, page 36, num 34, page 37, num 38, page 46, num 62 page 65, num 15 page 66, num 21, page 36 num 33.  
Faintness and swooning, part ibidem page 38 num 42.  
Fats washed part ibidem page 131. num 3.  
Felon cured, part ibidem page 170, num 52, page 169 num 49 page 160. num 12.  
Saint Anthony's fire cured, part ibidem page 38, num 44  
Fistulaes' cured, part ibidem page 39, num 45 page 58 num 26, page 69, num 4 page 97 num 7.  
Flowers candied, part ibidem page 151, num 28.  
Flux stayed part ibidem part 168, num 44 page 156, num 4 page 115, num 11 page 18 num 1 page 33 num 28, of the eyes, page 38, n 44, women's flux stayed, part ibid. page 168, num 45, page 165, num 32 page 162 num 20 page 40 num 49 page 43 num 53 page 99 num 5 page 33 num 28 page 41 num 48.  
Forgetfulness, part ibidem page 115 num 4.  
Fruits green preserved, part ibidem page 144 num 13.  
Fruits dried after preserving, part ibidem page 148 num 23.    

G  

Giddiness helped, part 2 page 105 num 4.  
Gout cured, part ibidem page 12 num 14 page 17 num 16 page 37 num 36 page 16 num 24 page 30 page 31 num 23 p●ge 104 num 2 page 65 num 16 page 59 num 30 page 48 num 4 page 43 num 53 page 101 num 15 page 164 num 27.  
Grapes candyed, part ibidem page 148 num 22 preserved page 141 num 5.  
Gravel purged away, part 2 page 78 num 31 in the kidneys, page 14 num 19  
Greene-sickenesse cured part ibidem page 66 num 19  
Gums preserved, part ibidem page 74 num 22.  
Goose-berries candyed, part ibidem page 148 num 22. Preserved, page 141 num 5.  
Gripe in the belly, part ibidem page 41 num 48.  
Goat's blood prepared, part ibidem page 134 num 12.  
Guts pained, part ibidem page 18 num 1.    

H  

Hair restored, part 2 page 22 num 15.  
Head purged, part ibidem page 123 num 23 from phlegm, page ibidem num 5.  
Headache cured, part ibidem page 16 num 24 page 40 num 46 pa 36 num 34 pa 116 num 14 pa 49 num 6.  
Heart beating, part ibidem page 38 num 42 heart cheered, page 117 num 18.  
Hands kept fair, part ibidem page 37 num 37.  
Heat in the face, part ibidem page 72 num 15.  
Hearing helped, part ibidem page 25 num 20.  
Hecocks helped, part ibidem page 24 num 18.  
Humour stayed from flowing to the teeth, part ibidem page 164 num 26.  
Honey of raisins, part ibidem page 131 num 4 honey dispumed, page 132 num 5 of roses, page 137 num 18.  
Humours drawn out, part 2 page 49 num 6 falling into the eyes, page 77 num 30 humours phlegmatic purged, page 105 num 3.  
Humours what, part 1 page 21 second humours, page 35 to know what humour abounds by the colour of the face, page 37.    

I  

jaundice yellow, part 2 page 44. page 40 num 56 page 118 num 22 black, page 67 num 22.  
jelly of flesh, part ibidem page 115 num 1 of hearts-horne, num 2 court jelly, page 156 num 3.  
Impostume, part ibidem page 167 num 38 page 56 num 23 page 92 num 18 page 97 num 7 in the head, page 17 num 16 dissolved, pa 51 num 10 page 57 num 24.  
joynt-ache, part ibidem page 169 num 48 page 59 num 30 page 21 num 12.  
Instructions for compounding medicines, part ibidem page 129.  
Itch cured, part ibidem page 40 num 46.  
Instruments for a private house part 1 page 86.  
Issues to make, part ibidem page 83.  
juice of liquorice to make, part 2 page 123 num 8 page 170 num 51.  
juleps, part 2 page 5.    

K.  

Kidneies' heat, part 2 page 49 num 6.  
King's evil, part ibidem page 92 num 14.    

L.  

Labour and rest, part 1 page 63.  
Lameness, part 2 page 12 num 14 page 95 num 4.  
Leeches how to use, part 1 page 82.  
Laske stopped, part 2 page 35 num 31 page 160 num 14. page 165 num 29 page 166 num 35.  
Lettuce stalks candyed, part 2 page 150 num 27 dried, page 147 num 21.  
Liver cooled, part ibidem page 80 num 38 obstructions opened, page 20 num 7.  
Lozenges of flowers, part 2 page 151 num 29.  
Lungs comforted, part ibidem page 34 num 29 purged, page 116 num 16.  
Legs sore, part ibidem page 83 num 45 page 70 num 9    

M  

Malum mortuum cured, part 2 page 98 num 2.  
Madness cured, part ibidem page 105 num 4.  
Marmalade of quinces, part ibidem page 140 num 4 of plums, page 143 num 10 of Oranges and Lemons, page 154 num 38.  
Matrix suffocated, part ibidem page 36 num 33 34 to close it after conception, page 42 num 51.  
Marchpane to make, part ibidem page 15 num 30.  
May butter, part ibidem page 133 num 10.  
Meat what is best, part 1 page 61.  
Mackeroones, part ibidem page 152 num 32.  
Measells, part ibidem page 37 num 39  
Medicine what, part ibidem page 1.  
Members, part 1 page 40.  
Megrim cured, part 2 page 16 num 24 page 25 num 20 page 163 num 22.  
Memory helped part ibidem page 75 num 23.  
Metheglin to make, part ibidem page 134 num 13.  
Melancholy purged, part ibidem page 63 num 9 page 75 num 23 page 105 num 4 page 38 num 42.  
Miscarrying in women, part ibidem page 174 num 64.  
Milt pained, part ibid. page 36 num 35 page 37 num 38.  
Morphew cured, part ibidem page 171 num 55 page 71 num 13 page 72 num 14 page 83 num 47 page 84 num 48 page 105 num 4.  
Mouth sore, part ibidem page 70 num 8 page 81 num 40.  
Mother rising part ibi pa 40 num 46 mother fallen down pag 33 num 28 rising of the mother, pa 34 num 29 30.  
Matrice pained, part 2 page 16 num 14.  
Melancholy what, part 1 page 32.    

N.  

Not Natural things, part 1 page 58.  
Nodules, part 2 page 5.  
Noise in the head, part ibidem page 10 num 9 in the ears, page 20 num 7 in the head, page 32 num 26 in the ears, page 34 num 29.  
Noli me tangere, part ibidem page 17 num 16 page 86. num 58 ipage 97 num 7.  
Numbness, part ibidem page 95 num 4.    

O.  

Obstructions in the liver and kidneys, part 2 page 44. num 57  
Observations for bathing, part ibidem pae 100 num 7.  
Ointment for all pains and grief, part ibidem page 14 num 19 of worms, page 11 num 10.  
Oranges and Lemons dried, part 2 page 147 num 20 candyed, page 150 num 27.  
Oils to make, of Roses, violets, part 2 page 18 of mints, Wormwood, lilies, sweet almonds, page 19 bitter almonds, worms, rue page 20 bays, scorpions, turpentine, page 21 mastic, tile stones, eggs, page 22 S. john's wort, whelps, vitriol, page 23 oleum benedictum, page 25 oil magistral, page 26 of snails, of a dog, page 31 swallows, page 32, mastic page 33, storax calamity, galbanum, page 34 myrrh sagapenum, page 35 castoreum, amber ammoniacum, pa. 36 wax, butter, cinnamon page 37 mace, cloves, nutmegs, page 38, pepper, saffron quinceseed page 39, rosemary flowers page 40 time, marjerom mint page 41 pennyroyal, sage, hyssop, p. 42 ●vie, rue, page 43, of aniseed, fennelseed, parslyseed, page 44 radishseed, mustardseed, colewortseed flaxseed, 45, of a man's skull, lead and tin, quicksilver, hempseed, page 46,    

P  

Pain assuaged, part 2 page 50 num 9 page 91 num 10. page 19 num 6 page 17 num 25, in the stomach, page 39 num 45, in the back, page 22 num 15.  
Palsy cured, part ibidem page 20 num 9 page 22 num 14 page 31 num 24 page 32 num 27 page 37 num 38 page 92 num 19 page 95 num 4 page 97 num 7 page 79 num 35, page 43 num 54 p ge 164, num 27.  
Paleness of face amended part ibidem page 105 num 5. Paste of oranges and lemons, part 2 page 142 num 7, of Genua, num 8, of tender plums, page 143 num 9  
Passions of the mind, part 1 page 70.  
Pear plums dried, part 2 page 146 num 17, Preserved, p●ge 139 num 3.  
Pears dried without sugar, part ibid. page 146, num 18.  
Perry to make, part 2 Page 135, num 14.  
Pearl or web in the eyes, part ibidem page 78, num 33 page 84 num 49, page 86, num 56.  
Pessaries to make, part ibidem page 5.  
Physic defined, part 1 page 1.  
Phlegm what, part 1 page 25 purged, part 2 page 42 num 52, page 44, num 55 page 63 num 8, 9, page 75, num 23.  
Pills how to make, part 2 page 6 of aristolochia, agaric, p●ge 123 sine quibus, stomach pills, page 124.  
Piles cured part ibidem page 11 num 11.  
Pimples in the face healed, part ibidem page 85 num 54, page 71, num 11, page 84 num 49.  
Pissing with difficulty, part ibidem page 41 num 48.  
Pippins dried, part ibidem page 145 num 15.  
Plague, Part ibidem pa. 40, num 46, page 107 num 7 page 91 num 11 page 85 num 51. page 43 num 53 page 167, num 38.  
Plums dried, part ibidem page 146, num 17, preserved ripe, page 144, num 14, preserved, page 139 num 3.  
Pleurisy cured, part 2 page 45, num 61 page 116 num 14 15 16.  
Poultices, vide Cataplasms.  
Poison expelled, part ibidem page 40, num 46 page 35, num 32 pae 9, 7, n. 7, page 44, num 57 page 44, num 55 page 43 num 54 page 43, num 53.  
Small Pox cured, part ibidem page 159 num 11 page 84, num 50, great Pox, page 46, num 4.  
Pomecritrons candied, part ibidem page 150 num 27.  
Physic cured part ibidem page 117, num 17 page 109, num 9 page 174, num 63 page 157 num 6.  
Ptisan to make, part 82, num 44.  
Preserves and conserveses, part 2 page 138.  
Powders of Holland's pulvis sanctus, part ibidem page 61, of turbith, page 62, white damask powder, sweet powder, damask powder, page 68  
Pulp of dates, part ibidem page 130.  
A Purge, part ibidem page 168, num 42 page 62 num 6, page 111, num 3.    

Q  

Quinces preserved, part 2 page 139, num 2, kept raw all the year, page 141 num 6.  
Quintessence of honey, part 2 pages 38.    

R  

Rashers of bacon to make, part 2 Page 152 num 31.  
Replection and inanition part 1 page 67.  
Ringworms cured, part, 2 page 15 num 21.  
Rose vinegar to make, part ibidem page 132 num 6.  
Rheum distilling down the throat stopped, part 2 page 170, num 53 page 75 num 23.  
Running of the Reins, part ibidem page 167, num 37, 49 num 6 page 43, num 53 Pain in the Reins eased, page 30.  
Reins mundefied, part ibidem page 120 num 25.  
Ruptures helped, part ibidem page 98 num. 1 Page 50 num 7 Page 33 num 28.    

S  

A Cerecloth to skin and heal, part 2 page 158 num 7  
Salt of ceruse to make, part ibidem page 134 num 11.  
Scabs cured, part ibidem page 105, num 4 page 15 num 21.  
Secondine expelled, part ibidem page 42 num 50 Page 41 num 48.  
Seen corrected, part ibidem page 130, num 2.  
A Simptome what part 1 page 76.  
Sciatica cured, part 2 page 17 num 16 page 37 num 36, p●ge 24 num 19 page 50, num 8 page 51 num 11 page 90, num 8 page 175, num 66.  
Of Sleep and watching, Par. 1 page 65 sleep procured part 2 page 115 num 12 13 page 38 num 44.  
Syrups to make, of roses, part 2 page 109 of vinegar simple, page 110 vinegar compound, Catholicum simplex, page 111 Catholicum majus, of white roses, page 112, of the juice of lemons, oximell simple, pa. 113, of endive, hartstongue, page 114, of dry roses, poppy, diascordium, page 115, of violets, hyssop, page 116 horehound, bugloss, pa 117, of mint coltsfoot, maidenhair, wormwood, page 118, of radish, mugwort, page 119, of alchakenge, page 120.  
Spirits what, part 1 page 56.  
Spleen cured, part 2 page 172 num 58 page 173, num 59 page 158 num 8 page 114 num 10 page 38 num 42 page 15 num 22.  
Skin made soft, part ibidem page 99 num 6, cleared, page 74 num 22 page 72 num 15 page 171, num 56.  
Shingles cured, part ibidem page 92, num 12.  
Sight cleared, part ibidem page 70 num 6 page 38 num 41, page 35 num 31.  
Sneezing provoked, part ibidem page 63 num 10.  
Stitches cured, part ibid. page 162, num 19 page 67 num 23 page 37 num 36 page 35 num 32 page 35 num 31, page 12 num 14.  
Stitching wounds with clothes, part 2 page 61 num 4.  
Stiffness of members, part ibidem page 95 num 3.  
Stinging of a wasp, or Be, part ibidem page 162 num 18  
Stone cured, part ibidem page 119 num 23 page 105, num 3 page 99 nu. 3 page 86, num 55 page 85 num 51 page 97 num 35 34, page 78 num 32 page 66 num 20 page 68 num 11 page 45 num 59 58 page 44 num 57 56 page 42 num 51 page 21 num 11 page 36 num 34.  
Stomach purged, part 275 num 23, Strengthened, page 19 num 3 page 41 num 49 page 16 num 24.  
Stones, part ibidem page 102.  
Soberness procured, part ibidem page 39 num 44.  
Sinews shrunk, part ibidem page 58 num 27 page 20 num 7 strained, page 17 num 16.  
Sores old, part ibidem page 86 num 57 page 60 num 32 33 page 56 num 21 page 52 num 15 16, page 48 num 3 page 14 num 20.  
Speech lost in sickness, part ibidem page 37 num 39  
Spitting blood cured, part ibidem page 23 num 28.  
Strangury cured, part ibidem page 41, num 49, page 38 num 40.  
Succkets candied part ibidem page 150, num 27.  
Sugar boiled, to a manus Christi height, part ibidem page 154 num 36, to a candy height, num 37.  
Suppositars to make, part ibidem page 4.  
Swelling coming of a hot cause, part ibidem page 90, num 4, Swelling, page 89 num 1 page 49 num 6.    

T  

Teeth kept white, part 2 page 65, num 17 page 74, num 22 Teeth fastened, page 33 num 28.  
thorn drawed out, part 2 page 17 num 16 page 34 num 30 page 10 num 9  
Throat sore cured, part ibidem page 89 num 3.  
Temperaments what, part 1 page 7.  
Tetter healed, part 2 page 105 num 4.  
Toothache helped, part ibidem page 69 num 5 page 79, num 35 page 97 num 7.  
tumors to suppurate, part ibidem page 91, num 9    

V  

Venery excited, part 2 page 44, num 55 page 40.  
Venom drunk expelled part ibidem page 34 num 30.  
Vertigo cured, part ibidem page 22 num 14.  
Vital spirtis comforted, part ibidem page 79 num 35.  
Virtues of hearts to know in all seasons, part ibidem page 137 num 19  
Vomiting stayed, part ibidem page 169, num 46 page 41 num 49 page 33, num 28, page 42 num 51, page 118, num 19  
A Vomit, part 2 page 173, num 61.  
Ulcers cured, part ibidem page 38, num 42 page 31, num 21 page 47 num 1, 2, page 54, num 18 page 57 num 25 page 58 num 26, page 61, num 1 page 68, num 2 page 80 num 37, page 86 num 58 page 13 num 17.  
Unguents to make, Aureum Enulatum, part 2 page 7 Populeon, Apostolorum, page 8, Album, Vulpinum page 9 of St. Cosme, and Damian, page 10, de Calcantho, page 13, Aleblastrum, page 16, Flos Vnguentorum, page 17.  
Urine provoked, part ibidem page 41, num 47 page 37 num 36, p. 23 num 16 page 42 n. 51 page 44 num 56 page 45 num 58 page 90 num 5, 6, 7, page 110, num 2.  
Wula helped, Part 2 Page 49 num 6.    

W  

Water precious, part 2 page 74 num 22.  
For those that cannot hold their Water, ibidem page 166 num 34.  
Waters to make, part ibidem page 68 Aqua mirabilis, page 75 rysell, page 77, Doctor Stevens his aqua composita, page 79 Hydromell, page 82, of copperess, page 83 Aqua coelestis, page 86.  
Webs in the eyes, cured, part ibidem page 16, num 24.  
Weights and measures, part 1 page 85.  
Wild fire cured, part 2 page 164 num 25.  
Wind in guts and stomach expelled, part 2 page 44 num 55, 56, page 45 num 58 page 20 num 7, 9, page 40 page 168, num 41 page 90, num 5 page 120, num 20.  
Womb windy, part ibidem page 42 num 50.  
Hard Words expounded, part 1 page 87.  
Worms killed, part 2 page 42, num 52, page 43, num 53, page 45, num 60, page 19, num 4 page 79 num 35, page 41 num 49.  
Old Wounds cured, part ibidem page 17, num 16 page 42, num 51 page 46, num 63, 64 page 49, num 6 page 52 num 16 page 51 num 10 page 56, num 21 22, page 59, num 29, page 59, num 31 page 61, num 2 page 25 num 20, page 27 num 21 page 33 num 28 page 35 num 31 page 86 num 58 page 94, num 1 page 95 num 4 page 66 num 5 page 97 num 6.  
Wounds made by gunshot, part ibidem page 27 num 17.    

Y  

Yard ulcerated cured, part 2, page 69, num 3.  
Youth preserved, part ibidem page 75 num 23 page 79, num 35.    
FINIS.   

READER, My absence from the Press, hath caused some faults, which I shall desire thee to correct, as followeth.  

In the first Part.  
PAge 4. line 30. for were, read are, p. 6. 15. and still, round as etc. p. 8. 16. it, p. 10. 3. and this is the age, etc. p. 14. 18. fronkles, p. 22. 13. and from it the blood, etc. p. 25, 16. two, p. ibid. 17. for gale, gall. p. 30. 29. for itth, it. p. 42. 6. meninx. p. ibid. 31. glandulous. p. 43. 3. heat. p. 45. 20. splenica. p. ibid. 21. mesenterica. p. 51. 29. digestive. p. 60. 22. for nerves, nearnes. p. 64. 19 for cold could, p. 70. 16 are most necessary, etc. p. 74. 6. for uceters, ureters. p. 75. 17. for phlegm, phlegmone. p. 79. 22. for fift, first. p. 81. 16. saphaena.   

In the second Part.  
PAge 54. 6. and wheat bran as much as shall suffice, and fry it altogether, and make a plaster, and lay it warm, etc. p. 95. 21. for oil, all. p. 140. 20. for skin, scum p. 143. 6. quiddinie. p. 147. in the last title, artichoke. p. 149. 21. brasile powdered. p. 159. 14 chicken both. p. 171. 14, for put, pat. p. ibid. 16. and it will take, etc.