A CONTINUATION Of the Account of The Nature, Causes, Symptoms and Cure OF THE DISTEMPERS That are incident to Seafaring People. Illustrated with some remarkable Instances of the Sicknesses of the Fleet during the last Summer, historically related. To which is prefixed, An Essay concerning the quantity of Blood that is to be evacuated in Fevers. Being the Third Part of the Work.  
By William Cockburn, of the College of Physicians, London; Physician to the Blue Squadron of his Majesty's Fleet, and Fellow of the Royal Society.  
LONDON, Printed for Hugh Newman, at the Grasshopper in the Poultry, 1697.   

TO THE Right Honourable John Lord Berkeley, Baron Straton, Admiral and Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Fleet, etc.  
My Lord,  
OCasions of Addressing those of your Lordship's Worth and Quality, have as often been abused by the undiscreet Panegyrics, and fulsome flatteries of cringing Parasites, as they have been eagerly catched at. My obligations to your Lordship make me glad of an opportunity but I confess, I think a Dedication an improper light for that sacred thing Nobility, and the great actions of Noble Persons: Grave History, and a good Hand do that picture a great deal more to the life; for than there's no design, it never sullies, and the colours hold through all ages; yet if I had as strong inclinations to Flatter, as my subject is tempting, and hands me fairly into an opportunity, your Lordship's known and declared aversion to all such practices and flaunting customs, a true stamp of engrained Nobility, that never wanted these false, (and may I say) satirical lights of silly flatrerers, who never yet made a better Hero, than Aesop's bird with borrowed plumes: I say, that if my desire was as great, as my subject's inviting, yet this true Greatness of your Lordship's would justly check all such unreasonable and impudent designs, that would so tickle these poor Creatures that are infinitely pleased with borrowed Feathers, when their Gnatho's after a long study, can found nothing so good to equip them with, as a piece of old Marble, or a Monument only valuable for the want of a Nose or L●g broke of by time. But though your Lordship hates as inveterately, as you do not want any such ridiculous praises, and I, of all things, hate a Sycophant the most; yet I may acknowledge, that my Obligations to your Lordship are very great, and that 'tis only Gratitude that bushes me forward to give you the trouble of This; but especially, since your Favour and extraordinary Encouragements, have mightily contributed towards the productions in these sheets, that now venture into the world under your Lordship's protection; and I will hope that you'll not only protect this stranger, but accept of my slender Thanks; till I have a better opportunity to acquit myself, as aught,  
My Lord, Your Lordship's Most Humble and Faithful Servant, W. Cockburn.   

THE PREFACE.  
I Am obliged, with the modern Poets, to be speak my Reader's favour to the following Sheets. They contain nothing but what is fact; yet, That appears too simple in their primitive dress, to bear the Censure of some peevish Critics: The first draught was done at Sea, and it was my business for an hour after dinner, only to keep me from sleeping; else these Observations had lain to this day, wrapped up in that rubbish of an order, in which they we made; for soon after my Summer's expedition was at an end, I was commanded to attend the Fleet, under Sir Cloudesly Shovel, into Spain, which is the sole reason, why these Papers are not filled from some of their roughness, that might justly have forbidden their seeing the light, if my design of publishing my yearly observations should not have been broke of: and I know that Ingenious and Candid Readers will more easily dispense with this Ore, than to have had no Metal at all. But that they might not prove entirely ungrateful, as the reading a continued series of Observations always is, I have endeavoured to intersperse something that's more of Theory and Reasoning, as often as the thread, nature and design of the subject would allow me: I never sought a Digression, yet when I judged it a propos, and for m● Reader's diversion, I neither shunn● it, nor run it out to too great● length. Histories of Diseases a●● not for wearing of a melancholy minute, however useful they may b● and therefore I inclined to season them with an exercise of reason which gives the greatest satisfaction to great and thinking Souls: I have related the Histories themselves in all their circumstances of propriety and time; and have not scruplde to propose new medicines and even methods of Cure, when they have been the most reasonable, faithfully relating the success that attended the practice. The relating of Observations is the peculiar province of Physicians that have lived long and have had a great practice; or of any One that has been much among sick people, and with all thi●, they aught to be very capable to know how to ask their Patients proper questions, to hear what they relate, and distinguish betwixt these Symptoms that must of necessity attend such a Disease, or at lest this Distemper in a Patient of such a Constitution, and those that now appear by some accident or a peculiar practice. Otherways; men may live a great 〈…〉, as long as the World is to last, and yet have no more experience, than they had the first hour they began their Trade; whereas, when they are thus qualified, the not only improve themselves to an unconceivable pitch for the the good of their Country; but they are capable too, to hand down to succeeding ages, these natural Histories of Diseases, which become as certainly and well known by their symptoms, and as easy to be distinguished as Silver and Gold, by the properties we relate to belong to each of them; and the Novices in Medicine being fitly moulded in the Schools of the Philosophers and Mathematicians, approaching the simple but noble discoveries of the modern Anatomists, not veiled with the ridiculous jargon of an Usus partium, and learning to know medicines these instruments of health he is to be an absolute master of in a way he would naturally discover a Stone not to be a F●sh, a Man, or a Horse, and enquiring what relation they may have to us, how they may affect us, without being prejudicd by the principles of any sect of Philosophers, he may have read: than reading and comparing by these helps of Philosophy, Mathematics, Anatomy, Pharmacy, Experimental Knowledge, etc. such Observations we suppose him to have now made to his hand, he must needs enter into the world upon such foundations, better qualified and of more and greater experience, than one who has already practised as long as Methuselah lived, but of an other education and make. We talk a great deal here of the Barbarity of the Chinese, and their ignorance of a great many Arts that are very well known among us; yet we deservedly admire the stupendous and astonishing relations we have, of the progress they have made, and the certainty they have attained to in Aesculapius' Art, and that with the native plants of their Country, and the only reason we can assign for their singular and great improvement in this most noble and useful Art, (which by restoring us to our health, makes us enjoy our Estates, our Liberty and our Relations, gives us all the satisfaction Mankind is allowed to enjoy in this troublesome life, and even makes us conquer our misfortunes) is that they initiate their Children from their tender years in its mysteries, by a constant attendance upon their Parents, who are often Kings, Princes, and Brachmans', as well as Physicians, and that they enjoin them a strict observation of their Parent's practice without being diverted and amused with any thing besides, when they are upon the study of so human and heavenly a Knowledge, which can bring relief to their languishing friends, and solace and suppo●t their decaying nature: So there is no wonder if one that is instructed in the experience of many former ages, having his head turned, and his nature perfectly moulded that way, does arrive to a greater perfection and certainty in that art, even in a more barbarous and ignorant Country (if we may suppose them so) than they are capable to do in Nations that are more famous for Learning, where medicine is begun with nothing so great an advantage, nothing so much studied not only as there, but even as they themselves study other things of lesle concern, and all comprehended in the short life of one man. I do not writ this with any reflection upon our own age, though I must own that we have as great a share in this, as our Ancestors, when the telling a pleasant story, a piece of wit, a gloomy and sullen melancholy alone can entitle us to the fame of great Physicians; and which is worse, pretence and impudence are the only stock and furniture of some. There can be no remedy for this till Patients should become fit judges of their Physicians, which is never to be expected. But since we see that Observations are so necessary and useful a piece of Medicine, let us but see what helps the Authors of this kind of Learning give us. We aught to look back into all the ages of Medicine, if we were to be exact in this matter, but the talk has been so difficult, that it has been either industriously shunned or very ill performed hitherto by the Learned that have lived before us, till at this time the learned Monsieur Le Clerc has undertaken this work, and has already favoured the world with his first Tome, where he gives us hope of his carrying it on to our time. 'Twere needless to manage the matter in his way, though a Preface would admit of it; since the daily complaints of practitioners are about the short coming of such observations to their daily business, and how often they loose their way in such dark paths. But let us compare the Observations of Physicians with a rule which we aught to make to ourselves, about an exact and genuine ennmeration of symptoms, numbers and force of pulses, colours and quantity of Urinal, its consistency, time of breaking and the like, the time of the year, the Patient's age, the time of the disease when we see him, what medicines are given, how kept, and what is the event, and how the medicines took their effect, with other more particular questions that may more particularly settle the difference of the Disease. I say, if we compare the Books of observations with this Rule, In afraid we will found them of very little use, not only Forestus, Hollerius, Horstius, Platerus. etc. but greater Masters of greater antiquity sinking under the apprehensions of being tried by this general rule; 'tis not many Names, many Countries, and many Streets of any one City, that make an observation complete, but a little more: and really looking into all the modern and ancient writers of Observations, I must own that 'tis my opinion that our own Dr Sydenham has writ in the most exact and particular way, though he has not come quite up to the former Rule. 'Tis surely in Medicine as in all other other Physical knowledge, the more circumstances we know, the better judgement we are able to make. This is the scheme I have laid to myself in writing my Observations last year, and this, which I have endeavoured to pursue as far as the conveniency of the place I was in did allow, and though I saw people in all the Ships of my division yet I only thought fit to relate my Observations in 3 or 4, where I was most capable to satisfy the particulars of my own rule, as I have expressly said, in the beginning of the 2d part of my Sea-sicknesses, though one or two who pretend more to the way of Writing than the way of Medicine, laid this as a heavy charge to my door, but the little, one of them writ, especially in his own profession, may evidently convince the world, that he's almost as wretched a Writer as he's a weak Physician: 'Tis true, his Trade's to be a Physician, but his pretences are to Wit. I have spent too much time upon a thing that's the diversion of the apothecary's Boy, in every Bill he sends him, which he's forced to model in another way; since I neither stand nor fall by his censure, I neither value the Book more or lesle for his character, which I knew he would give it, without a reading. I first began a book of this subject, because it was wanting, and 'twas my particular province; and I must acknowledge my obligations to the world for the entertainment they gave it; though it came abroad in the Summer, an● when the interruption in the Currency of money did so much discourage all sorts of Trade: but above all, if I was to value the Book, I would upon the encouragement it had in the most famous and learned University of Oxford, the Glory of all Europe for its noble fabric, but a great deal more for these famous and shining lights she sends abroad at all times, and in so great and so singular a number, that she's but deservedly the admiration of the whole earth. But 'twas neither fame nor a desire of praise that put me upon this task, but an inclination of doing good in the way providence has put me into; and all my wishes are only, that this and the former book may be able to men● some of the many mistakes I found, in that business, and if I am so happy as in these Observations, to lay one firm Step, by which others may advance to a greater certainty in their practice, I have attained to a perfect enjoyment of my proposed design and inclination.   

THE CONTENTS.  

THE Introduction pag. 1  
The requisites for an Evacuation in Fevers 3  
The imperfect account Authors have given of Blood-letting 6  
Their Rules ib.  
What is to be thought of the first Rule 7  
The second is false 10  
What of the third 11  
The fourth which is Hypocrates Rule is very uncertain 12  
The last is most false 14  
An Observation 16  
Proposals for a better understanding the quantity of Blood-lettiag 18  
What a Depressed pulse is 19  
The second thing proposed 23  
The first Observation of a fever 26  
The 2d Observation 30  
A remark 31  
Another ib.  
Observation 3d 32  
A remark 34  
Observation 4th 35  
Observation 5th 37  
The solution of a considerable Symptom ib.  
Observation 6th 43  
Observation 7th 44  
Observation 8th 48  
Observation 9th 50  
Observation 10th 52  
Observation 11th 52  
A remark 56  
Observation 12th 57  
A remark 58  
A remark 60  
A Letter 61  
A remark 63  
Observation 13th of a new medicine for the cure of fevers 64  
Observation 14th 66  
Observation 15th 67  
Observation 16th of an Ague 68  
Observation 17th 70  
Observation 18th 72  
Observation 19th of an Ague personated by the Gout 74  
A remark 75  
Observation 20th of a looseness 78  
Observation 21st 80  
Observation 22d ib.  
Observation 23d 81  
Observation 24th 83  
Observation 25th 84  
Observation 26th 85  
Observation 27th of an Apoplexy 86  
A remark about the nature, and reasonable cure of this Disease 87  
Observation 28th of an Asthma 99  
Observation 29th of a Clap 101  
A remark 102  
Observation 30th of a Pox 104  
Observation 31st of the Spleen 106  
Observation 32d 109  
Observation 33d of a beginning decay 111  
Observation 34th of a Melanch. Hyp. 112  
A remark 114  
Observation 35● 115  
A remark 117  
Observation 36th of a Cough and a spitting of Blood 115  
Observation 37th of a Pleurisy 122  
Observation 38th of an Anasarca 124  
A remark 129  
Observation 39th of an I●iac Passion 130  
Observation 40th of a Cholera Morbus 135  
Observation 41st of a Dropsy 139  
A remark 140  
Observation 42d of a Quinsey 141  
Observation 43d of the yellow jaundice 143  
Observation 44 of the same  
A remark against the Doctrine of secretions by fermentation    

A CONTINUATION OF THE History of the Diseases IN HIS Majesty's Navy, etc.  
I Endeavoured last year, to give a genuine and true account of the rise and nature of the Sicknesses at Sea, from considerations about the way of their living; and the Indications of Cure, which were the results of that Reasoning: and to these I added the historical observations of that year, which made a more particular and practical part of that Book: 
The Continuation.  And now being to illustrate that first part, and perform my promise in the second, I will confine myself to the Method I proposed for relating these Observations, and pursue it with all the Candidness and Integrity that can be expected, without repeating any thing that has been mentioned already: and therefore I must desire every one that will judge of this, to recollect the general Theory in the first, and the most reasonable Indications in the second Part, as the best way to prevent mistakes and obscurity. Only I must confess, that though I have put it beyond exception, by arguments from reason and experience, that Evacuation in the case of Fevers is absolutely necessary towards their Cure, and though I have also declared that this Evacuation is to be proportionable to the interrupted perspiration, that causes our Fevers, that is, either in the same quantity, with the detained steams, or at lest in such a quantity as may procure more liberal secretions; so that if the quantity that is evacuated be not equal to the quantity of detained steams, yet making the secretions more freely, there may be a quantity evacuated equal to these steams, by the secretions that are now begun: Yet, I say, I must confess that I may seem to be wanting in setting a standard, or certain mark, which may direct our Surgeons in the difficult stages of these Evacuations, with as much certainty as a fixed mark in the Heavens directs our Sailors in their Voyages. 'Tis true I might allege that the profound intricacy of so particular a part of knowledge, and the many blunders I have observed in the most learned Authors that have but touched upon these difficulties, though never so slightly, have deterred me from venturing upon so nice a Task; and after so reasonable an excuse I could not be blamed for any considerable neglect or omission. But since this knowledge, though never so hard, is extremely necessary for the fixing of a certain Method of practice, I'll set out for once, and if I do miscarry, 'twill be in good company, among the masterly Heroes in Medicine.  
Since the quantity to be evacuated is proportionable to the detained steams, 
The requisites for this Evacuation.  and the quantity of staems may be very easily valued, (as I hope I shall prove in its proper place), as I have already intimated in the general, that it exceeds not two or three pounds; 'tis plain that either two or three pounds are actually to be evacuated, or such a quantity that may procure new secretions which will evacuate the required quantity. And 'tis no lesle certain that this is to be performed according to the different strength and constitutions of our Patients, and with such Instruments as may not require a larger Evacuation by rarefying and giving a new motion to the Blood. 'Tis here the difficulty lies, to know what quantity our Patient's strength will allow to be evacuated, and to make an estimate of the instruments we use on this occasion, and of the effects they produce, besides our primary intention. Now 'tis the uncertainty of the Sweeting Medicines we use for compassing our design of evacuation that occasions this great difficulty in our first intention, because sometimes they are given without any success, but heighten the Pulse, and increase the other severe symptoms we see in Fevers; and at other times taking effect, and causing an excessive evacuation through the pores of our Body, they sand our patients out of the world another way, instead of curing them by a due quantity, which no man can pretend to expel by these Medicines, which we are so little Masters of, that we are not able to foretell, with any tolerable exactness, the quantity of steams discharged that way, nor the additional heat produced by their small parts. Next to them are purging medicines, of which though we are a great deal more certain, yet they are not exempted from some of the difficulties that attend the others. So that the surest instrument for performing our design is Phlebotomy or Bleeding, tho' even this may created a stronger pulse, a greater heat, and the like, than was before, after losing ten or twelve ounces of blood in a certain circumstance, which I shall have occasion to speak of here. And therefore bleeding being the most certain way, I will for once suppose all the rest as certain, or at lest signify by this more certain way what we intent by the rest when we apply them them to evacuate the quantity we desire, according to the strength and constitution of our patient. And now when I am to apply Venesection to this design, I must confess I can hardly forbear running out into a long digression concerning some noble Theorems about the great and different effects of bleeding, that depend entirely upon the infinitely useful demonstration of the circulation of the Blood, that crowd into my thoughts; but I must at present restrain myself now, because the general accounts we found in Authors about bleeding, are only as it evacuates such a quantity; 
The imperfect account Authors have given of Blood-letting.  I will show in the first place how imperfect and useless the advices of our great Masters are in this affair, and than inform the Reader, what other ways are to be taken for attaining a greater certainty, though the more particular account can never be properly applied in this place; and this will exactly answer what I proposed.  
The Rules and Advices which Writers in Medicine have given us in this matter, are to let blood according to the strength of the Patient; till he faint away, till we have taken away enough, and till it change its colour from worse to better, from black to read; and lastly, some others who think they have given the last touch to this question, take their marks from the bigness and fullness of the Vessels, and so take away as much as a man may be supposed to loose in a day without dying, and this way they pretend to confirm by some ●nstances from practice, in which, th● I hope they succeeded in their own practice, yet I doubt not but I shall convince the Reader, of the unhappy state of those sick people that are drained of their Blood, by such unsteady and uncertain rules. 
What is to be thought of the first Rule.   
But to inquire into the first of these, which advises us to let our Patient's blood according to their strength, 'tis certain that must never be exceeded; yet there are a great many designs in bleeding, in which that is not so often to be respected. Not but that if the quantity to be let, should exceed the Patient's strength, that consideration would become the first and greatest; yet, I say, there are a great many designs in bleeding, that the quantity to be taken away is so small, that the strength of the Patient can never be brought into question: For instance, in making a revulsion, and old and confirmed operation and practice, though never to be accounted for, but by supposing Harvey's noble Theorem of the circulation of the Blood, however contrary to that Doctrine, the most of our modern Physicians have been pleased to think it. I say in making a revulsion, or by determining the motion of the Blood, more towards one part than another, which is to be practised upon a thousand occasions; the quantity to be let, if other circumstances are observed, very often exceeds not six or eight Ounces in the strongest constitutions; now such a quantity can never be supposed to bring our Patient's strength into doubt, 'tis evident that in such cases this great rule is, (I had almost said) of no use at all to us. But next, if our Patient be troubled with a Distemper that proceeds from too much blood, and we desire to be so nice, as to relieve him of all the offending quantity, and not to impair his strength, or having others sicknesses that require Phlebotomy for their cure, and the strength of the patiented comes in competition, so that is never to be injured; yet th●● Rule is so precariously enjoined, that no Physician can be instructed, how to put it in practice; which the learned Galen willingly confesses. Nullam rem, says he, aeque artem medicam conjecturalem facere, quam Medicamentorum quantitatem. That nothing makes the Physician's Art more conjectural than the dosing of Medicines. De curate. rat. per sang. miss. c. 12. But this appears more evidently by Physicians Consultations in acute Diseases, concerning a healthy young Man affected, for example with a Fever, Pleurisy, or Quinsy, they all agreed, and are of one judgement, that nothing can so securely rescue him from this imminent danger, than the taking away of as much blood as his strength can bear: yet assoon as the Vein is opened, and the Patient has lost some nine or ten ounces of blood, one of 'em gins immediately to try by his Pulse how far his strength is impaired; and after a round Trial has been made by them all, they can come to no positive agreement about their Rule; while one thinks there is too much, another too little, and a third just enough taken away; so that however they seemed agreed about letting him blood in the general, and in as great a quantity as his strength could bear; yet they cannot condescend about the time of of stopping it, and the rise of all this difference is only from their ignorance of their Patient's strength, which they thought so easy, as to settle it for a Rule in this operaration.  
Now perhaps they are to measure the strength of the Patient by bleeding him till he faint away; 
〈◊〉 other false.  and if this be set up, as more evident than the first, 'tis so far from being so, that 'tis a great deal more obscure: for very many who are to be let blood till they put on this emblem of pale Death, faint away, not only after losing a very moderate quantity, but even after the loss of two or three ounces, or immediately after the vein is cut; or even by seeing any other persons blood, or the Lancet itself. What's than to be done? nothing; but the wound must be tied up, and the bleeding delayed till a sitter opportunity. 'Tis true, the bleeding may be put of, but the cause of the Disease will not adjourn, but double its force and dispute the command of the subject. Upon the other hand, there are many who could suffer all the blood in their Body to run out, before they faint away, which often happens to those whose dress fall of in their sleep, and make their Bed swim with blood, though sometimes they themselves recover.  
The third rule is just as satisfactory as the other two; 
What of the third.  for when they advice us to let so much as we may think enough, it is evident that there will be as many opinions about this enough as there are Physicians, and perhaps more; for while some are for bleeding and others not, they that agreed in their judgements for letting Blood, differ about the quantity, and very often the business is carried by him, whom age alone gives the kill authority, or an habituated impudence has taught to overtalk the rest; so that we may very well say with the learned Galen, Fortunatum esse aegrotantem qui in manus boni Medici inciderit, aut cui fortuna seu Deus potius ita faveat, ut eam caeteris praevalere sententiam faciat, quae sit utilior: That sick person is very lucky who falls into the hands of a good Physician, or whom fortune or rather God Almighty favours so much, that he makes that opinion prevail, which is the most useful. Now this third Rule is certainly true, but at the same time 'tis very obscure and hard to be understood; this is an aim or design in every body's eye, but it is not so easily performed by most Physicians, for the reasons we gave before, and what more learning does a Doctor show, when he order a Surgeon to let so much as is sufficient, than a Woman, who seeing the blood run out, desires them to take not more than may be enough. Yet this enough is only presumed to be known, by the other signs we have just now condemned, and therefore 'tis plain, how well 'tis like to be done; and how certain a Rule this will prove.  
And when they persuade us, with Hippoc. 
Hippocrat, Rule very uncertain.  to make the colour of the blood the rule and standard of the quantity that is to be taken away, they confine this useful and noble operation within too narrow bounds; and to say not more, if the blood was only to be taken away when it is black, tough, and seizie, and till it become read: the redness of the blood being the mark beyond which we are not to go, 'tis evident that when the blood is so, there will be no want of bleeding. Yet, in a great many Apoplexies, Fevers, etc. the blood is not often discoloured, at lest not very considerably, and yet this operation is extremely useful and necessary. Besides, when one of the best habit of body has just fallen from a high place, a wise Physician easily foresees that the vessels of those parts that come first to the ground, will be considerably compressed, and that by this compression the blood cannot move so easily through those parts, and by its stopping there, will produce terrible symptoms, according to the greatness of the compression, and the office of the part whose vessels are thus compres'sd: And therefore, he thinks it necessary, both for lessening the quantity, and perhaps quickening the motion, to 'cause this person to be let blood, and that in a considerable quantity, with very great success. Yet the blood in those people, immediately after the fall, is not much, if at all, altered from what it was before the fall, and being than supposed to be of a good colour, or read, 'tis evident that by this Rule he could not loose an ounce, and the consequence would be, most troublesome and dangerous contusions, Apoplexies, Rheumatical and Pleuritical pains, difficulties of breathing, a Fever, and the like, which we see hap upon such occasions. But upon the other hand, let us suppose that blood was never to be taken away, but in this ill colour of the blood (which we see is not so) and till it has acquired a better one, yet they cannot so qualify this Rule, that we may know the degrees of this ill colour, and how much blood we may take away before it acquires a better one, and whether the blood that seems necessary to be evacuated, can be spared by the Patient, which would have been highly useful, and even necessary for making their Rule complete; whereas by our historical account of the last year, 'tis evident that the blood may be mightily changed by an interruption of perspiration, and now in case of a fall, in lesle than 24 hours, and that bleeding may actually dispose the blood for becoming better, by promoting the secretions, and recovering its colour and strength in almost as short a time as they we●e lost.  
Now one that speaks very high on this subject, and whom the rational bleeders at this time follow, says we can never fail, if we have respect to the fullness of the vessels, and the quantity of blood a man may be reckoned to spare. 
This the most false.  But this Rule is too general to be put in practice: 'tis true, as he says, that fat people, whose veins are generally small, and consequently cannot contain much blood, if they be drained of an indifferent quantity, will feel the inconveniences of the want of blood, or of a dispirited blood, very soon and fatally, by cachectical diseases and a Dropsy▪ Yet it is not lesle certain, that melancholy splenetic men, or women that are troubled with vapours, whose vessels are generally wide, and actually contain a great deal of blood, and by this Rule can spare the most; yet they, for the most part, can never bear so large a bleeding, even as those fat people we just now spoke of, and very seldom can endure the loss of ten or twelve ounces of blood without a sinking in their heart (as they call it) dimness of sight, or as it is expressively called by the French, une Defaillance des esprits; so that their overmuch comes sooner than that of the fat people themselves, which plainly contradicts this Rule. Now, I would gladly ask any of those Authors, whether or not the other part of the Rule, What a man can spare, be not the same with that of the strength of the Patient, which we found to be very true, but not plain enough to be of any use: Or if they think they may take as much blood away, as we found people have lost by wounds, bleeding at the Nose, Piles, etc. without losing their Life; they may if they please, but I shall never think it reasonable to have recourse to a Remedy, which no lesle than the distemper must always require the help of a Physician. 
An Observation.  'Twas upon this precarious and general way of practice, I saw a learned man, and a Physician too, who had been sick of a Looseness for some weeks, if I may not say months, by which he was brought to a very low condition; yet I know not what odd fancy possessed him who was called to his assistance, to take from him 12 or 14 ounces of blood at that time, and I think repeated it next day, contrary to the rules of common sense, as well as of Physic, with as great boldness as indiscretion, and of which the Sufferer was so sensible, that when I was proposed to be sent for by some of his friends, he said he was convinced of their mistake, but that it would disoblige men of their Character and Dotard Seniority to sand for a younger Physician; and so he ended his days with a vast deal of Ceremony. I am sorry I must relate so ungrateful a story, but 'tis but one of too many I have seen, though I must confess there are as great mistakes, and greater, occasioned by the neglect of bleeding; and therefore since on both sides, they are fatal and pernicious, 'twould be needless to observe, that there aught to be a great deal of care taken about it, not only in performing the operation, which is the easiest that can be, by an Instrument; but in determining the just quantities in different Patients, which you see Authors have endeavoured by desiring us to let them blood according to their strength, as much as is sufficient, as much as they can spare, which are all the same thing; only I think better expressed in the first. But the question at first asked was, what will the Patient's strength hear, what is sufficient, and what may he spare, which is left in as great obscurity as when they begun it.  
Now to clear this a little better than it has been by others, 'twould be necessary not only to writ a Book of Phlebotomy, but for greater distinctness to apply the consequences of its noble Theorems to particular diseases, constitutions of our Patients, seasons of the year, etc. which 'tis plain are foreign to my subject. Yet to direct my Brethrens in the Navy in their thoughts and practice, as well and shortly as this confinement will allow me, that they may make evacuations fit to discharge the excessive quantities of detained steams, without impairing or destroying the strength of the Patient, I shall propose these two ways, 
Proposals for better understanding the quantity of Blood-letting.  which if rightly enquired into and thought upon, cannot miss of success.  
And first, since the strength and velocity of the blood, is to be understood by the Pulse, 'tis to That we must have regard, that we may know how far they either exceed or are lower than their ordinary measure; and proportionably to the number of pulses, more than in a natural state, so to let blood, that the blood after venesection may come to a greater cohesion, may not be so much attrited and broken down, and so there may not be separated so great a quantity of animal spirits. Or the pulse being depressed, very full, and not so frequent, we aught to let blood, not only in a quantity able to raise the pulse, and make it more frequent, but even afterwards to abate this frequency by a larger bleeding as before: For there is nothing more ordinary than in the most natural fullness (if I may so say) where there is a Plethora ad vasa (as Physicians term it) a great abundance of the best blood, the fittest, of its own nature, to make animal spirits, and to produce all the consequences that follow upon good blood and a great abundance of spirits; I say there is nothing more ordinary than to have a depressed pulse as I described but now, in a natural or artificial fullness; for the blood is so confined within its own vessels, and its parts so crowded one upon another, that there is not a sufficient secretion of its fine and subtle parts, but even by this great quantity the distractile blood-pipes being very much distended, compress the nerves over all the body, and hinder the conveyance of the animal spirits into, and thro' these vessels, according to their force of going outwards, and the resistance of these in the different parts; so that though there is a greater quantity of blood contained in the vessels, yet that being propelled or driven forwards with lesle force, will occasion a full, though slow, pulse: and therefore since this lesle secretion of animal spirits, their slower motion, etc. proceeds entirely from the quantity of blood contained in the veins, but especially the arteries, and produces the effects of a real want, yet its motion is only to be heightened, its sense of greatness to be advanced, by taking of such a quantity that may remove this huddling up of the blood, and make the secretions more free▪ that so there may be a greater quantity of spirits derived into, and determined thro', the whole series of the nerves, upon which there will follow a quicker and greater pulse; though if it exceeds its natural state in these properties, another bleeding must be appointed in pursuance of the abovementioned design, which will prevent the use of bleeding in Fevers, as we use a charm to blood, and that all.  
Now in both these cases you see the natural pulse is the standard, and before you can know whether it is depressed, slower or quicker, you must know that which is natural to which the rest are referred; and not only so, but before you can determine any quantity of blood to be taken away in either of these cases, you aught to know what cohesion, what loosoness is fit to make the pulse so much quicker, or depressed, or to make an estimate of the number of pulses by the blood in the best state, and of their strength: the last of which I intent to attempt in a Review of my O Economia Animalis, that it may want nothing of the perfection I can give it, and may become more worthy of the learned Mr. Bridgeman, under whose protection it ventured into the world with so great advantage.  
Yet the first is very considerable, and even necessary for its use; for unless we know the natural pulse of every single Man, we are called to, we can never know, when it is sickly and defective; for example, supposing that more especially the number of pulses pecu●iar to men were of three sorts, as I have endeavoured to prove them to be in my Animal Oeconomy, viz. from 55 to 65 in some, from 60 to 70 in others, from 70 to 80 in a third sort, and all in the same part of time, viz. a minute; 'tis evident, that if he who has sixty for his natural pulse, comes ever to beaten eighty, the motion of his blood must certainly be more than naturally augmented, that is, he has a Fever; since that is only an immoderate velocity or quickness of the motion of the blood, accompanied with heat. 'Tis no lesle certain, when a pulse that beats naturally 80 in a minute, comes down to 60, that the person labours under some cachectical Distemper, and a want of spirits, except his pulse be depressed: yet both these are the natural pulses of several people, beyond which 'tis not convenient to go, and to which their other pulses are to be compared. And therefore it would be necessary to settle this affair, and to inquire into the peculiar pulses of every constitution, that by them and other concurring signs, we may be infallibly guided, not only in Evacuations, but other administrations in Medicine. However, I shall forbear to proceed in this Enquiry, since I have treated designedly, and at large upon that subject, in my O Economia Corporis Animalis, to which I refer those that love to be informed, and do hope to see that matter more fully done, in some practical Treatise of pulses, with which some generous Promoter of useful Knowledge may one day oblige the public.  
The second thing I would propose as useful in this matter, is the application of the Thermometer; for since the warmth of our blood, another pathognomical sign of a Fever▪ depends upon its motion, as I have often proved; if we can settle the warmth that is proper to every constitution, or proportion the warmth to the certain numbers of pulses in the particular constitutions; we may, by applying the Thermometer, not only know how far the blood has exceeded its natural motion and warmth, but even, in other cases, how much it has fallen from them too; and because the only difficulty in discovering this excess and diminution, may consist in the comparison with that warmth, which is peculiar to every constitution and number of pulses, which has never been particularly considered, I will endeavour to lay down my observations on this subject. And first, the heat of a man's body, whose pulse is of the first sort raises the Oil in the Thermometer to about 16 or 16¾ degrees, the pulse of the second to 17⅝ degrees, and that of the third to about 20 or 21¼ degrees. And therefore the differences of the degrees will not only make up the true warmth and different pulses, but comparing the warmths upon occasions in Fevers we can found how much more it is than that which is natural, and even the exceeding numbers of pulses, which will not only be of infinite use for evacuating in Fevers which we propose, but if we compare the different and vast excesses of heat that may be in our body, will soon be convinced, that the most violent symptoms may proceed from them, though they seem never so opposite to each other in the judgement of the unskilful: and this still the more easily, if we observe how different the effects seem to be, which proceed from the various degrees of the Sun's heat; for example, the Summer's heat in the air raises the Oil in the Thermometer to 7 gr. ½, The heat of a man's skin whose natural Pulse is sixty in a Minute, to 16 ¾ gr., The heat of boiling water, to 52 gr. The heat of read hot Iron, to 156; wherefore according to this calculation, our natural heat is double the Summer's heat, and scalding water is only somewhat above three times hotter than our skin; and lastly, the heat of read hot Iron is almost ten times greater than the heat of our Skin; yet there are no symptoms in a Fever so different, as these which are produced by the heat of our Skin, and that of red-hot Iron, though they only differ in degree. But not to insist further upon this use, I may conclude that the true mark of letting Blood, or evacuating in Fevers, is more truly regulated by these ways, I have now hinted, which are truly the Strength of the Patient, we are all puzzled so much about, yet never otherwise to be known; and I hope I have explained them too as fully, as my time and subject, and my resolution to avoid encroaching too far upon the true doctrine of Pulses and Phlebotomy will allow: and therefore I shall proceed to the Cure of our sicknesses this year, which is the main design of this work.  

Observation I  
The first, than, I was called to this year, was a Dutch Captain, Commander of the Amsterdam, upon the fourth of March, who had lain ill three or four days of a continued Fever; the pains in the head, back, and other parts that begin these Fevers were vanished, his Pulse beaten very high and frequent, his thirst was very great, he watched most part of the night, and was now and than delicious. He had taken all that time nothing but a sort of a disagreeable, immiscible mixture of oe. canc. sang. Drac. camphor. sperm. cet. of't. Diaph. all jumbled together with some White Wine; some sunk, some swum a top, and the Wine was left clear in the middle. His ordinary drink was Rhenish Wine, he was not let blood, neither vomited, nor so much as had a Clyster, though he had not gone to stool during all that time. Seeing him, than, in these circumstances, I ordered him immediately to be let blood, to the quantity of ten ounces, and next day to take this vomit, than to begin the Testaceous powde s.  
℞ Vin. emetic. ℥ j oxym. scyllit. ʒvi. aq. theriacal. ℥ ss M. ac capiat cras mane cum regimine.  
℞ oc. 69. ppt. ʒij. pulver. rad. serpent. Virginian. sal. absynth. an ʒss. M. ac divid. in ix part. aeq. Quarum unam capiat ter in die.  
℞ Tamarind. optim. ℥ ss. hoard. muudat. M. ss. boq. in ss. q. aq. font ad hoard. crepituram, Colatur. ℥ vi. calid. affund. fol. see. virent. ℥ ss. cin. acerr. Crem. Tartar. an gr. xii. Stint per noct. in infus. ac mane colatur. add. syr. de spin. cerv. ʒij. M. f. potio quam capiat die quarto consumptis pulveribus. Potus sit decoctum hordei cum aceto probe acidulatum.  
These are the Medicines I prescribed him, but his Surgeon knowing all the Medicines and their quantities, but not one word of Latin, I was forced to leave him directions in Dutch by the help of one of the Lieutenants, who spoke very good Latin, and so I left him, with a design to see him by that time he had taken all those Medicines; but the weather was so very stormy for 5 days, that no Boats could go of from a Ship. On the tenth, the Sea not being so great, they sent their Boat for me, and when I came aboard, I found he had not taken one half of his powders; he had taken no vomit, and but one half of his purging potion, which wrought twice, and his drink was still Wine. His Pulse was great, and very frequent, he was very deli●ious, and had a violent thirst. I desired he might continued the powders prescribed before, and the drink, of which he should not only drink as often as he called for it, but should be remembered to drink of it: and if he did not go to stool once or twice a day, to have a Clyster. Besides, I ordered strong blistering Plasters to be applied; one to the nape of his Neck, and one behind each Ear, to be removed next morning, applying to the sore part the simple Melilot Plaster: before I left the Ship, I saw the Surgeon mix the Plaster, but when he spread it upon the Leather, 'twas not bigger than a filbert nut, so I shaped the Leather and spread him large Plasters, leaving him to apply them, and intended next day to see the sick person, but it blew so very hard, that I had not opportunity to see him, till at our return to the Downs, it proving easy weather, I went on board that Ship, and though it was lest three days since I was there before, the Plasters were not removed: the two behind his ears had risen very well, but the largest that was to be applied to the nape of his Neck, being laid among the hair, the skin looked scalded, but had never risen. He had not even than taken his Medicines as directed, yet his pulse was slower and great enough, and he was not quite so delirious. I desired the Surgeon to be more careful about the use of the former Medicines, to shave his Neck, and to apply there a great and strong blistering Plaster, and so took leave; but after we came into the Downs, we had again very blowing weather, and the first news I had of my Patient was, that he was dead; which was not so surprising to me, as that he had lived so long, with such management.   

Observation II.  
..... Robie, being about fifteen years of age was taken ill, on board the Edgar, on the 27th of April last, with a pain in his head, back, and loins, a coldness, sudden weakness, a slow pulse, and want of appetite; all which kept him three days, than he was hotter, had a quick pulse, a great drought, and could nor sleep.  
He was let ten ounces of blood next day, and the morning after he took three grains of Tartarum emeticum, which made him vomit about a quarter of an hour ofter he took it; and being well plied with thin water-gruel between the times of his vomiting, he vomited four times and had one stool, and was much easier that day. He had no paregorick, which too commonly is made the constant attendant of a vomit, or purge, because of the recommendation of some of the best Physicians; but I not only give none myself in the Fevers, of which I writ, but must even desire every body to abstain from that practice, who would not surrender the management of his Patient to the hurry of an impetuous blood, and a depraved delirium.  
On the thirtieth he began to take the following powders.  
℞ oc. 69. ppt. ʒjss. sal. prunel. ʒij. sal. tartar. ʒss. M. ac divid. in ix. part. aeq. Capiat unam ter in die, donec consumantur integrae doses novem.  
His ordinary drink for the time was Barley Decoction sharpened with Vinegar, which I think better than either spirit of Vitriol or oil of Sulphur per. camp.  
By these his blood was kept very moderate, he had a stool every day, and on the first of May at night he slept a little: on the third in the morning, he took the following laxative.  
℞ Decoct. see. Gereon. ℥ iv. syr. rosar. solutiv. ℥ ss. aq. Cinam. hordeat. ʒi. M. ac capiat mane cum regimine.  
It purged him six times, and abated his thirst, and other feverish symptoms; he slept easily that night, and next day awakening very hungry, I allowed him some water gruel. On the fifth and sixth in the morning, he had six ounces of the bittet draught without the purgatives, and recovered every day, till eating a hearty dinner of salt beef, he fell into an Ague, for which he took another vomit on the tenth of May, and than the following electuary.  
℞. Cons. ros. rub. ʒvi. pulver. Quinquin. subtiliss. pulverat. ℥ ss. Theriac. Andromach. ℈ ij. Syr. cujusvis grati q. s. selectuar. quod consumat in intervallo paroxysmi.  
The Fit not returning three days after, as it would, otherwise, have done, he only lived more cautiously and recovered his health.   

Observation III.  
Laurence Douthey, a Marine Soldier, about twenty three years of age, complained of a violent pain in his head, and back, a pain in his bones, and want of appetite: he was costive and very weak; in a day or two his Pulse became frequent, he had a great drought, his tongue was very white and chinkie; he could not sleep, and was delirious.  
On the 11th of April he was let blood to the quantity of twelve ounces, and that evening had a suppository, which gave him two stools: on the 12th he took 5 grains of Emetic Tartar, and drinking Water-gruel, as in that case, he vomited six times, and had three stools: he took the preceding testaceous Powders for there days, and drank Barley decoction acidulated as before, the whole time; and on the 16th took this Purge.  
℞ pulv. rad. jalapp. ℈ ij. Crem. Tartar. ℈ i M. ac capiat multo mane cum regimine.  
He had eight stools with this, and was very easy; in a day or two he began to crawl about upon Deck, an hour or two in the warmest time of the day; but, coming up a little too soon, he catched cold and relapsed on the 24th, and was obliged to go over the former course, as near as his weaker body would allow; but on the 27th he turned very delirious, and had a very quick Pulse; he could not sleep and had an unsatiable drought. I allowed him as much of the Barley-decoction as he would drink, and ordered his Mess mate who attended him, to give it him unasked, if it was a great while before he asked it. On the 28th in the evening, I caused a large and strong Blister to be laid upon the nape of his Neck and downwards, which risen very well, and was removed, applying a Plaster of Melilot to the part next day; he was mightily relieved by it, his Delirium abated, and his Pulse was not so frequent, but still he could not sleep, which puzzled me extremely, finding the ill consequences of Opium, or Opiars, the Medicines which Physicians depend on for the removal of this symptom; and therefore reflecting upon the Theory of this symptom, as I demonstrated it in the first part of my Book of Sea Sicknesses for 1695, I could not think of any thing that would be so reasonable an indication from that Theory, as the applying of a double Linen Cloth dipped in Oxycrat round his head, which I ordered to be done with so great success, that he slept almost all that night, and was mightily refreshed. I ordered his blistered Neck to be kept as long running, as possible; and to drink the Decoctum amarum alterans for four days, and on the fifth to add the Purgatives that he might have four or five stools, which being done, he recovered without any further trouble.   

Observation IU.  
Francis Marpole, aged twenty six years, whose natural pulse beats about sixty in one minute, was taken ill, on board the Edgar, April the 29th, of a pain in his head, and bones; he was weak, had no appetite to his victuals; his pulse beaten but 45 in a minute, and he was very cold; The next day after, he was let blood, his pulse was more frequent, and even exceeded its natural number; he was very hot, and restless, had a great drought, and could not sleep.  
On the 30th he was let blood in his right arm to the quantity of ten ounces, and next day took 5 grains of the vomiting Tartar; and being treated as people ordinarily are, after they have taken a vomit, it wrought six times, and gave him seven stools. Next day he began the following powder.  
℞ oc. 69 ppt. ʒi. pulv. fl. chamom. ℈ ij. sal. prunel. ʒij. M. ac f. does. ix. ut capiat unam ter in die.  
His ordinary drink, all the time he was taking these powders, was Barley decoction sharpened with Vinegar, of which he drank as much and as often as he pleased. On the 4th of May he took this purge.  
℞ pulv. Cornachin. ʒss. tartar. vitriolo gr. seven. M. ac capiat mane cum regimine.  
This purged him seven times, and he was very easy thereafter. Only I must tell you, that all the time he was taking the powders he was restless, and did not sleep in the night, till by applying the Oxycrate, he was very 〈◊〉 and recovered without any other help than drinking half a pint of the altering bitter decoction every morning, for four mornings.   

Observation V  
John Kock, a Man of three or four and twenty years of Age, complained on May 8th, of a giddiness in his head, a coldness, sudden weakness, and want of appetite; his pulse was low and depressed yet, in a day or two after, it grew very frequent and strong; he was very hot, had a great drought, and could not sleep.  
'Tis plain from this description, that this Man was taken ill of a Fever, the symptoms of which I have already resolved and demonstrated; yet in this case there being an unusual symptom, not yet accounted for, I cannot omit explaining it, however hard it may be, and maintain my design of plainess, which I have hitherto endeavoured. 'Tis known that those who are giddy or vertiginous, have such a sensation, as if every thing they see were turning round, however fixed and immovable it be; and truly this Phaenomenon, though it may often hap in Fevers, yet either as a symptom of them, or as it is an essential Disease, has not too often had the good fortune to be sufficiently explained; and if I except two or three, I may venture to say, that among so many thousand Authors who have written Medicinal Treatises there is not one that has spoken common sense upon this subject; we may hear what a late learned Author, who is thought to speak the fullest and most satisfactorily, says; that the immediate subject of this disease are the animal spirits, the more mediate those parts of the Brain, where imagination and common sense reside, and from whence the nearest way is into the Nervous kind, which are the callous and strious Bodies; for in these parts they love to range and divert themselves as in a spacious field, and pass thro' all the pores and thickest passages of the Marrow, with full force like a ray of light: hence it is that, while they glide along in the same Line, from the utmost borders of the Callous Body towards its middle part, they represent pleasant appearances and imaginations; and whilst they slow, in another line, (perhaps thro' other passages, from the middle of the Callous Body into the gyri of the Brain) they transfer thither the marks of Notions to be laid up for our future remembrance; and, again, whilst they pass into the Strious Bodies, and the beginning of the Nerves, they actuate all the moving parts, and carry to them, upon occasions, the instincts of the motions they are to perform▪  
But in the Vertigo these equal emanations of the Spirits seem to be intercepted, and variously perverted in different places, because some quantities of the Spirits are obscured, others are determined into other ways, and turned to and from in so many Vortices one over another. Wherhfore confused phantasms, wand'ring, and etc.  
Here is a most poetical flash of a description, but how true, every one must see, that will give himself the trouble to remember the Anatomy of the Brain, and since its make will not at all allow of such a roving and sporting expansion, or so melancholy a circumgyration or turning round, we must seek its cause some where else, and yet this sense is not afforded us from the object itself, which we suppose to be, and often is immovable, and therefore, since this sense is not caused by a turning round of the Animal Spirits, nor by the object that is thought to turn round, it can be not where else than in the Optic nerve, the Eye itself, or something that goes to its construction. And first, it is evident that any object will seem to turn round, if the images that come from it fall successively upon different parts of the retina, going, viz. from the left, while the object is not really moved, and the images that come from it represent always the same distance; I say that object will seem to be turned round from the left to the right; for the images have a contrary posture in the retina, yet this may be done while the motion is only in the Eye, the object remaining unmoved; for whether the object be moved while the Eye is quiet, or the object be quiet while the Eye is moved, the rays that come from the object, will not fall upon the same part of the bottom of the Eye; and therefore since we judge of the change of place where the object exists, by the change of place upon which the object is described, 'tis plain that the object which has no motion will seem to move, and may be thought to turn round to the Eyes that are moved▪ Moreover, the object and Eye may be both unmoved; for if the optic nerve be only moved, the rays will not always fall upon it in the same situation; and therefore since a direct and obliqne falling do not affect the Nerves alike, but excite different sorts of motions; than, the object that is quiet will seem to have changed its place, when only the optic nerve is moved, the representation of the place where it was being changed. And therefore 'tis evident that any thing that can move the Eye, Optic nerve, or Retina may 'cause this Giddiness, though the object be not moved. Now there are a thousand things that may produce this effect, but nothing can more readily press upon the Brain than the distended arteries that are next the optic nerve; and since we have seen how the fullness of all the vessels is occasioned by an interruption of perspiration, the cause of our Fevers; there can be not further doubt, but that this fullness may occasion the Retina's being removed from its place, together with the optic nerve, so that it cannot receive the rays from the objects at the same part of the bottom of the Eye; and consequently while the Images change their place in the Retina, the objects are represented to our mind, as if they were constantly moved. This being premised.  
He was let ten ounces of Blood on the 9th, and on the tenth, he had five grains of Tartarum Emeticum, which made him vomit half an hour after he took it. He drunk large draughts of thin water-gruel after every time he vomited till it had done working; which it did very well and made him go twice to stool; next day he began the testaceous powders, and on the fourteenth he had the following purge.  
℞. pulv. rad. jalapp. ℈ j resin. jalapp. gr. seven. Crem. Tart. gr. xv. M. ac capiat cum regimine.  
It purged him eight times, and he found himself very easy; but since he had no inclination to sleep, I caused a doubled linen wet in vinegar and water to be laid round his head, by which he slept, and awaked very much refreshed on the sixteenth.  
All this time he drunk water-gruel sharpened with vinegar; and, after his Fever was gone of, the decoctum amarum every morning for four days, and recovered a pace, till, I cannot ●ell by what accident, he died apoplectical, and very suddenly.   

Observation VI.  
Edward Powis, a man about twenty years of age, and never at Sea before this Summer, was taken ill on board the Edgar, the twelfth of May, of a Coldness, want of Strength, and appetite for his victuals, this pulse was low and depressed, he complained of violent pains in his head, back, and bones: In a day or two his pains went of, his pulse was high, he was very hot and had a great drought.  
On the 13th he was let twelve ounces of blood, and next day took four grains of emetic Tartar, and vomited 6 times, and went thrice to stool. I always use to give them vomits in the beginning, for they mitigate all the Symptoms through the whole progress of the sickness, and the Patients are more easily managed: on the fifteenth he began to take these powders.  
℞. oc. 69 ppt. ʒj. sal. absynth. pulv. s●. chamom. an. ℈ ij. rad. serpentar. virginian pulverat. ʒss. M. f. pulv. divid. in tres p● a. Capiat omnes die crastino tribus vicibus.  
The day after, he drunk this purgative.  
℞. tamarind. ℥ ss. hoard. mund. M. s●. Coq. ad hoard. crepitur. in ss. q. aq. font. Colatur. ℥ iv. affund. sol. see. ℥ ss. semin● aris. contus ʒss. crem. tartar. ℈ j maneant per noctem in infusione, maneque liquori colato add. sir de rham. ʒi. M. ac● capiat cum regimine,  
This purged him eight times, and having applied the Linen dipped in Oxycrat, he slept all night, and recovered daily. His Drink at the time of his sickness was as much of the Barley Decoction sharpened with Vinegar as he would; and half a pint of the decoctum amarum for four days after his Fever was gone of; after which he began to recover.   

Observation VII.  
Thomas Post, being about 26 years of age, was taken ill, on board the Edgar, where he was the Captains Cook, of a pain in his head, and over all his body as if he had been beaten, his pulse was depressed, he was costive, and had no stomach for his Victuals; in a day or two his pains left him, he grew very hot, he had an insatiable drought, and could not sleep.  
On the 6th of May he was let 12 ounces of blood, and in the evening had a Clyster which gave him two stools; next day he took the tartarum emeticum which vomited him very well, and made him go to stool; so that on the eighth he began the use of these powders.  
℞ oc. cancr. ppt. ʒij. pulv. fl. chamom. ʒj. sal. prunel. ℥ ss. M. ac divid. in ix parts aequales, ac capiat dosin unam ter in die.  
He took all these Powders, and than this Purge.  
℞. pulv. rad. jalap. ʒss. tartar. vitriolat. gr. viij. M. ac capiat cum regimine.  
It purged him six or seven times, and he was pretty easy that evening, and the most of the next day, till on the 12th in the evening he began to be delirious, and his pulse beaten very quick; so I ordered a large Blister to be laid to the nape of his neck, and one behind each ear, and to remove them next morning, dressing the blistered parts with the Melilot Plaster. The morning comes, but the Blisters had not risen; I was told of this in the afternoon, and when I went to see him his sight was dim, he could hardly speak, and looked almost like one who is apoplectical: I caused 6 ounces of blood to be taken out o● his jugular vein, for the reasons I will give in the case of an Apoplexy that happened to a Sailer this Summer, and ordered him immediately to begin the following powder.  
℞. Rad. serpentar. Virginian. pulverat. fl. chamom. sal. absynth. an ℥ ss. antimon diaphoret. ℈ ●. M. ac divid. in tres part. aeq. quas consumat partitis vicibus, cap●enda dosin quarta quaque hora; in cochleari julap. seq. superbibendo alterum.  
℞ aq. lact. alexiter. ℥ i●j. decoct. hoard. ℥ i aq. epid. ʒi. syr. poeon. ʒii. M. ●. julap.  
I saw him at eight a clock that evening, and he spoke easily enough, though weakly; and therefore I only ordered a piece of Linen we● in Oxycrate to be laid round his head. He slept all that night, and till ten a clock ne●t day, when he awaked, and desiring something to eat, I ordered him some Water-gruel with the juice of a Limon squeezed into it, whereof he took half a dozen spoonfuls, and fell asleep; he slept again till six in the evening, and had more Water-gruel prepared as before, when he awaked; and thus he slept for almost two days, and recovered very fast; his ordinary drink, during his whole sickness, was Barley decoction sharpened with Vinegar; and sometimes Water, Sugar, and the juice of Lemons.  
Since that time I ordered the Surgeon's Mate always to observe when their pulse began to grow low, whether their face was reader than ordinary, whether their eyes began to stare, or whether they complained of an illness or heaviness about their head; which I conclude to be the symptoms of the blood's going slower thro' the carotid arteries of the face, and brain; and, in this case, I desired him always to open the jugular vein, and to let out 6, 8, or 10 ounces of blood, according to the urgency of the symptoms.   

Observation VIII.  
William Mayes, being about twenty years of age, May 29th, complained of a violent pain in his head and bones; he was very cold, his pulse weak and depressed; than he was hot, very restless, his pulse quick, had a violent drought, and his tongue was very white.  
On the 30th he was let ℥ xij of blood, and next day took five gr. of tartar. emetic. which made him vomit six times, and go twice to stool; he drank Water-gruel plentifully during the time of its working, and brought up with the nasty stuff several large Worms, some of which had flat heads, and some sharp. On the first of June he began the following powders.  
℞ oc. 69 ppt. aut testar. ovor. pulverat. ʒii. sal. prunel. ℥ ss. M. ac divid. in ix part. aeq. ut capiat unam ter in die in cochl. decoct. hoard.  
After he had taken these powders for three days, he took this purge.  
℞. Pulver. Cornachin. ʒss. resin. jalapp. gr. three Tartar. Vitriolat. gr. v. M. ac capiat cras mane cum regimine.  
This purged him six times and he was pretty easy that night, yet his Fever did not take leave of him; so we continued the testaceous powder prescribed before, and finding his pulse grow quicker towards the evening, and his face very read, I began to suspect that he was inclining to be delirious, and therefore I caused six ounces of blood to be taken out of his Jugular Vein; he was quieter all that night, and next day, and on the 7th I purged him again, whereby he voided a great abundance of the small Worms they call Ter●tes, and was very well. All the time of his Sickness he drunk as much as he pleased of the Barley-decoction sharpened with Vinegar; and half a pint of the decoctum amarum alterans when he began to recover, which prevented his falling into the Melancholia Hypochondriaca, as some are apt to do upon their Recovery, if we do not help them in their digestion.   

Observation IX.  
Thomas Ties, a lusty Man, and never at Sea before, nor ever afflicted with sickness, was taken ill on the 5th of Jun● with a pain in his bones, a heaviness and pain in his head, a sudden weakness, his pulse was depressed, and he had no appetite for victuals; but in a day or two he became extraordinary hot, his pulse was frequent and great, he had a great drought, he was delirious and could not sleep. On the 6th he was let 12 ounces of blood, and on the 7th took the Tartarum Emeticum, which wrought very well, drinking great draughts of thin Water-gruel in the intervals of his vomiting; it purged him but once, and he was a great deal easier in all his pains. On the 8th he began to take this powder.  
℞. Oc. 69 pptorum, aut testar. ostrecrum sine igne praeparatarm ʒij. sal. prunel. ʒiss. Crem. Tartar. ℈ ij. M. ac divid. in ix doses, quarum unam capiat ter in die in cochl. cujusvis liquoris convenientis.  
On the 9th he had a gentle Clyster, because he had not gone to stool since his vomiting; and on the 10th in the morning, having been furiously delirious the night before, he was let 7 ounces of blood out of the Saphaena of the Right Leg, which bled freely without being put into warm water, and that evening had the Oxycrat applied to his Temples and round his Head, and next day was to be purged if his Delirium should go of; he was easier that night, but being still lightheaded, I caused 6 ounces of blood to be taken out of the Jugular Vein on the 11th, and the Oxycrat to be continued that night, which he passed in quiet sleep, and awakening easy next morning took the following Purge.  
℞. Decoct. see. Gereon. ℥ iv. syr. de spin. Cervin. ʒi. M. ac capiat cum regimine.  
It purged him five times, and he had a good night's rest thereafter; next day he awaked very hungry, and had some Water-gruel.  
He drunk all the time of his Sickness a great deal of Barley Decoction sharpened with Vinegar, and sometimes some Sal Prunellae, dissolved in a Spoon, given him in a draught of the Decoction.   

Observation X.  
Thomas Hoskins, on the 11th of June, was taken ill of a violent pain in his head, and such a pain in his bones as when one is beaten, he was cold and weak of a sudden, he was costive, and had no appetite for victuals; in a day or two more the pains went of, except a little in his head; he became very warm, his pulse was quick, he had a great drought, his tongue was very white and chinkie, he could not sleep.  
On the 12th he was let 12 ounces of blood, and vomited a great deal while he was bleeding, though he had not taken any thing, and did not vomit before, next day he had six grains of vomitive Tart●r, which wrought seven times, and gave him three stools; he drunk a great deal of water-gruel in the intervals of the vomiting, and went sick to his Hammock, but a little after was very quiet, and slept about half an hour. On the 14th he began the Powder, which is made thus.  
℞. testar. ostreor. in subtiliss. pulver. super porphyrit. red●ct. ʒij. sal. prunel. ʒi. crem. Tartar. ʒss. M. ac f. doses ix● Sumat unam ter in die.  
On the 16th, being a little lightheaded, and his pulse very high, he was let 8 ounces of blood out of his Jugular Vein, and had the Linen wet in Oxycrat laid round his Head, by which he slept most part of the night, and next morning drank this potion.  
℞. Tamarind. 〈…〉. hoard. integ. M. ss. Coq. l. a. in ss. q. aq. fontan. ad hoard. crepitur. Colatur. ℥ vi. calide affund. fol. sen. ℥ ss. semin. soenic. duic. contus. ʒss. Crem. Tartar. ℈ i Maneant per noctem in infu●. ac Colaturae mane per express. factae add. syr. de spin. Ceru. ʒss. M. ac bibat cum regimine.  
This purged him six times, and at night the Linen wet as before was laid round his Head, and he had so good a night, that the outcry next morning was hunger, which was soon quenched with a little thin Water-gruel. His drink all this time was Water-gruel sharpened with Vinegar; he slept a great deal for a day or two, and recovered every day. 'Tis not without extraordinary difficulty that we are able to restrain them from eating Salt Beef even in the beginning, which they are so far from being able to digest, that no sooner do some, that will not be managed, eat a hearty belly full, but they immediately relapse, and are forced to go through the greatest part of this process a second time, with far greater danger than before.   

Observation XI.  
William Grace, a man about 33 years of age, whose natural pulse beats about sixty in a minute, complained of a most violent Headache, a pain in his Bones, his Pulse beaten six and forty in a minute, he was costive, and became weak very suddenly; as his pains went of, the warmth and heat increased, his pulse was higher, that once when I felt it I reckoned eighty strokes in one minute; he was very dry, and could not sleep.  
On the 27th of July he was let xiv ounces of Blood, and vomited very much while he was bleeding, which made him a great deal easier; as I have observed in many others: next day he had five grains of Tartar. Emetic. which, being well assisted with large draughts of thin Water gruel, gave him six vomits and one stool. On the 29th he began the testaceous powders, as I ordinarily prescribe them, and took them three days, the last two having a Clyster in the evening. On the 1st of July in the evening he began to be delirious; the Surgeons-mate bled him in the Forehead, but with no great success; for he was furiously delirious all that night, and his Mess-mates were forced to lash him in his Hammock; next morning he took six ounces out of the Saphaena, with no greater benefit, but at five in the evening he let him 8 ounces out of the Jugular, and in an hour after he fell asleep, and had a pretty good night. Next day he was purged with an easy Medicine; all the time before the Purge he took he testaceons Powders, and drank Water-gruel frequently: in the evening after the Purge he drank some of the following Emulsion.  
℞. semin. iv. frigid. mayor. ℥ i semin papav. alb. ʒij. amiyd. dulc. N. xuj. Contund. s. a. affundend. decoct. hoard. lb ij. f. emuls. cum sach. edulcorunda; de qua bibat haustum ad libitum.  
He recovered very well, without that lingering weakness, that generally attends our men for want of convenient Victuals; whereas if but their Burgoo were made more pleasant, by a small addition of Butter, it would prove very good and nourishing Victuals for them in the beginning, and would fit them in a short time for eating the Ships provisions without any injury. It is a great deal better than Rice, which I found makes them very Costive; and therefore I could hearty wish some consideration was taken about this matter.   

Observation XII.  
Thomas James, Captain Munden's Cook, in the London, was taken ill on the 23d of June of a pain in his Head and Bones, was weak of a sudden, he lost his appetite, his pulse was depressed, and he was very costive; in a day or two, though he was very hot, he had a strong and quick pulse, was very restless, had a great drought, and was very delirious.  
On the 24th he lost 12 ounces of Blood out of his right Arm, though he be at lest fifty years of age; and next day took four grains of Tartarum Emetic. which wrought very well, and gave him two stools; he was pretty easy all the rest of that day, and had the testaceous powders, as I generally prescribe them in the beginning of Fevers, strictly observing that he had a stool every day. His ordinary drink was Water, Lime-juice, and Sugar; of which he had as much as he would drink: yet on the 28th in the evening he proved very delirious, and I caused him to be let vi. ounces of Blood out of the gular Vein, and than ordered a piece of Linen doubled, and wet in Vinegar and Water to be applied round his Head; after which he slept pretty well that night; and next day took this purge.  
℞. decoct. Sen. Gereon. ℥ iv. syrup rosar. solutiv. simple. ℥ ss. M. ac Capiat cras mane cum regimine.  
This purged him four times with a great deal of ease, and he had a pretty good night after; but in the morning, being a very peevish sort of a man, and complaining of a very great weakness, I was alarmed with his dying; which was a very great surprise to me, who thought of nothing lesle the evening before; so down I went, and feeling his pulse run between the Radius and the Ulna, it was not to be felt without some art; however, turning his wrist a little round, the Artery lying more upon one of the Bones, was easier felt, as I have observed in my Oecon. of the Human Body, speaking of pulses. It was very strong, and not at all frequent and therefore declaring all things to be in a good way, I ordered him the following powder.  
℞. oc. canc. ppt. ℈ ij. pulver. fl●chamom. pulver. rad. serpentar Virginian. an gr. xv. M ac f. dosestres. Capiat omnes eodem dis, sed vicibus partitis, in cochl. decoct. aord.  
He had the wet Linen applied afresh once more, by which he slept very well; and only eating Water-gruel for five days, he recovered without further help.  
I'm sure by repeating some things so very often, I must needs weary the more delicate Reader, as I confess I am myself; but this is not entirely designed for him; and those that are to be bettered by repeated instances, I hope will reap some advantage, and so I have sufficient reward for all my labour: and therefore I shall only trouble you, and let you know, I advertised all the Surgeons I came to talk with, about this observation in opening the Jugular; which they have acknowledged to have practised often with the like success; but there being one thing that happened to Mr Chapman, who is a careful and an expert Surgeon, easy to follow an advice when reasonably given: I say one thing very singular happened to him and me, in the case of a man who had been treated after the same way while I was on board the London; yet in warmer weather he was very delirious; Mr Chapman went to let him blood in the Jugular in the morning, but the Vein would not rise: he tried to bleed him in the Arm, but with the like success; he immediately sends for me, I felt his pulse, which was very depressed, and beaten not above 30 times in a minute, and while I looked upon his failing senses, and dim eyes, and feeling it again, it beaten but 27. Things being at such a pass, I ordered two▪ Cupping glasses to be applied, with Scarification, which was done; but he scarifyed very deep before the blood appeared; yet getting about six ounces out of the lower part of his Neck, the pulse immediately grew quicker; and in two hours after, he let him eight ounces of blood out of his Arm with a very easy Ligature; by which, and other things, as given before, he recovered. This is a very unusual accident, and not to be accounted for, but by a thorough understanding of the Doctrine of Apoplexies; and because I shall have an opportunity, as I said before, to speak a little to that subject, I shall content myself with referring you to that place; and conclude this Observation with a Letter I had sent me, about what I have written.  
SIR,  
I Most willingly accounted my having your company one whole Summer, and a great part of this, amongst the happy parts of my Life; when I see the most exact practice I ever saw or read in my days; and all this mightily heightened by your condescension in giving me most solid rules and reasons for giving and doing of things, upon certain occasions. Any one that knows what I have improved by this, must needs envy me, and acknowledge with myself, the misfortune I had to be deprived of you, when we made our Bilboa Voyage; yet returning now into England, I hope you excuse my taking the first opportunity to let you know, that though we had an abundance of sick, we have not buried one; for which, next to God Almighty, you are to be thanked: Yet I must tell you, that though you advised me to let blood in the Jugular, in more stupid deliria, and in the Saphaena when they were more furious, which has done very well; yet I have opened the Saphaena and the Frontal in the case you advised me, but with nothing of that success as opening the Jugular, which has most surprising effects. This I presume to tell you not only for your own thoughts, but as I hope and desire would make us in the Fleet, and even others that look higher, happy in a Continuation of what you have begun: So I must beg you you'll do me Justice to the World in this; whom I would have know too, that I have all the obligations worth and esteem can enjoin, to be  
Your Most Humble Servant. S. S.  
Notwithstanding of all this, and what I have often proved, I cannot be wanting in any thing may be of advantage to the Service, but acknowledge that though what I demonstrate about the Nature of Fevers, and that they are entirely owing to the fullness occasioned by an interruption of perspiration, and that therefore he that would cure a Fever must either evacuate a quantity equal to the quantity of detained steams, or such a quantity that the secretions being better performed, there may, at length, a due quantity be evacuated; yet the instruments we use in voiding this quantity by sweat, being so uncertain, that either not having the expected effect, they make the most healthy patient die the most furious and mad death, or even when they prove effectual, yet by their warmth add a greater heat and velocity to the blood, than they help by their evacuation, which makes a very unsuccessful practice, and deterred me from having recourse to that way. Bat having, of late, fallen upon a medicine, that, in half a quarter of an hour, puts the patiented into a large sweat, without any warmth, and judges his Fever, especially if he has the good fortune of a Cabin; I must relate two or three instances of about forty, in which I have used this medicine, and with the same success.   

Observation XIII.  
Joshua Manning was taken ill the latter end of July on board the Duchess, of a pain in his head, & bones, and was very weak of a sudden; his pulse was depressed, he was costive and had no appetite.  
On Friday 24th, Mr Birkly, who is a very expert and knowing Surgeon, let him twelve ounces of blood; next morning he took 5 gr. of Tartarum Emeticum, which vomited him four times, and made him go twice to stool▪ That evening he took ℥ ss of Syrup of white Poppies; and on Sunday the 26th the medicine, which made him sweated from eight in the morning till six in the evening, with so good success, that next day about noon he sat up in his Cabin, and in a day or two when I came on board, I found him walking upon the Deck.   

Observation XIV.  
Mr Noble, first Lieutenant of the same Ship, was taken ill after the same manner, and Mr Birkly, after he had let him blood, & given him a vomit, and the Syrup de mecan in the abovementioned order, he gave him next morning the Medicine, which had so great success, that in the afternoon he found himself so well that he thought he might put on his clothes, and go upon Deck; which he did, but catching cold, he relapsed; I happened to be there the day after his relapse, and finding him incline to be delirious, I caused a Blister to be applied to the nape of his Neck that evening, and next day ordered him to take the medicine a second time, which he did much to his advantage, and being more careful for a day or two, he recovered very well.   

Observation XV.  
Thomas Munden, a Kinsman of Captain Munden's, who commands the London, was taken ill, on Tuesday, July 28th at night, of a sickness in his Stomach, an exquisite pain in his Head, his Bones, and all his Joints; his pulse was a great deal lower than naturally, and he had no desire to eat.  
On Wednesday he was let blood; next day, had a Vomit, and the third, the Medicine; which produced a very good effect, to the satisfaction of us all. On Saturday he was very hungry, but I would allow him nothing but Water-gruel; and on Sunday he took Physic, and recovered very fast every day.  
At the same time one of Mr Chapman's Mates was ill, was treated after the same way, and recovered as soon, though not quite so well, being a little warmer by the heat of the Cockpit where he lay; so mischievous is the least extraordinary warmth in Fevers, though it has not hitherto been so well looked into, but rather encouraged.  
And now, since I have given you● these 4 instances of this easy way o● Cure, I shall only add, that all the Experiments I have had occasion to make of this method, have proved equally successful, so well may a● practice be mended; and therefore I will not tyre your patience with more histories of continued Fevers, but keeping to the order of my last Book● I proceed to these that are intermitting●▪ In the mean time I must desire you to peruse with attention, the Theory in the first part, and the Indications in the second, of that last book, which are but the consequences of the former; for otherwise you cannot understand the design of the practice.   

Observation XVI.  
John Orran, was taken ill after dinner, on May 2d, of a coldness and trembling which lasted two hours, all which time his pulse was depressed and weak; but afterwards he became a great deal hotter, his pulse was quick, he had a great drought, and the fit ended in a sweat that lasted 3 hours.  
'Twas evident to me that it was a form Ague, and because most Spring agues are Tertians, I suspected 〈◊〉 to be so too; yet that we might 〈◊〉 seem to torment him without ●ein● sick, we delayed giving him any ●hing till he should have another fit; accordingly on Monday by nine in the morning his fit came violently upon him, and held him as before; and on Wednesday by five in the morning, ●e took 5 grains of Tartarum Emeticum, which vomited him ten times. I did not allow him to drink so large draughts of Water gruel, as I prescribe in continual Fevers; for the reasons I assign, when I speak of Agues in the 2d part of my Sea-sick●esses: However, with this severe fit ●e missed of his Ague; and next morning he took the following medicine.  
℞ Decoct. amar. alterant. cum dupla ●uantitate radic. gentiaan. ℥ viij. Bibat ●ras mane; ac repetatur ad seven. alias vices.  
After he had drank this four or five mornings, he began to recover hi● colour and flesh, which is always a certain sign of their recovering health.   

Observation XVII.  
Michael Sunderland, was taken th● latter end of April, with a coldness and trembling after dinner, his Pulse was depressed, he had a great desi● to vomit, his Lips and ●ace wer● very pale, and he had no appetite for his victuals; in an hour or tw● after he became very warm, and wa● hot for more than an hour, his Pulse was very quick, and he sweated a● hour more, which ended 〈◊〉 fit.  
On the first of May, in the morning, he took five grains of Tartar●● Emeticum, which vomited him fo●● times, and gave him two stools about eleven in the forenoon his 〈◊〉 returne●▪ but it was nothing so seve●● as his 〈◊〉; after he had swea● and all was over in pretty good o●der, he began to take the Jesui● powder in this form.  
℞ Pulver. cortic. chin. chin. ℥ j cons. rosar. rub. ʒuj. syr. fl. caryophill. q. s. ut f. electuar. Cujus capiat magnitudinem nucis moschatae majoris tertia quaque hora, superbibendo vin. hispanic. aut Canarin. poculum, after which his fit did not return; yet to prevent a relapse, I prescribed him the following Tincture.  
℞ rad. gentian. ℥ j helen. aristol. rotund. an ℥ ss. Zedoar. ʒij. summitat cent. min. flor. chamom. an M. j cortic. aurant. ℥ ss. baccar. Juinper. ℥ ij. Pptis. s. a. affunde vin hispanic. lb ij. ac postquam fuerint per biduum in infusione, bibat cochl. iv▪ bis in die.  
Having drank this ●or some time, he began to recover his colour, which is always a certain sign that the Patient is out of danger of a relapse; yet he infused the medicines a second time, and did very well.   

Observation XVIII.  
Richard Osburn, was taken ill of a coldness after dinner, which was succeeded with a trembling, an inclination to vomit, his Pulse was very depressed, and his Lips were of a perfect clay-colour; yet instead of death came a great warmth▪ his Pulse was quick, he had a great drought, and his heat was so sharp, that he was very restless, till a plentiful sweat succeeding, made him more temperate; this Fever returned once in 24 hours.  
When I saw him first, the fit, which lasted six hours was just gone of, and expecting the return next day about ten in the morning, I ordered him five grains of Tartarum Emeticum, to be taken by eight that morning. which wrought very well, and had done its operation but a little before his fit came upon him; the cold fit was a great deal easier, and did not continued so long as before, and just as it was ending, he took ℈ j of pulv. gasconic. He fell asleep and awaking in a fine sweat, he judged that fit to be very well; and immediately after the fit, began to take the powder made into an Electuary, as follows.  
℞ Pulver. quinquin. ʒuj. cons. rosar. rub. ℥ ss. theriac. Andromach. ʒij. syr. de mecon q. s. ut f. electuar. molle; quod consumat partitis dosibus ante paroxysmi sequentis adventum.  
By the use of this he missed his fit; yet to confirm his strength, he took 6 spoonfuls of the following Tincture, till it was ended.  
℞ rad. gentian. helen. an ℥ j summitat. absynth. cent. min. fl▪ chamom. ac M. j semin. coriand. ʒij. cortic. aurant. ℥ ss. baccar. juniper. ℥ ij. limatur. m●rt. ℥ ss. Tartdr. alb▪ crud. in pet. ligat. ʒij. 〈◊〉. fund. per biduum in vin. hispanic. lb iij. dein bi●at cochl. ● bis in die.  
After he had drank this for some days, his colour and flesh returned, he got an appetite for his victuals, and recovered daily without a relapse.   

Observation XIX.  
M— Captain of his Majesty's Fireship— was taken ill for a great while of a pain in his Heel, in the evening, so that sometimes he was so lame in the morning, that he could hardly walk till nine or ten of the clock.  
In my first visit, I found he had a great may symptoms that hap to people in Agues, and for that reason, I was the apker to think it one, since I have seen twice before such strange personating of Agues, particularly in a Lady of Quality, Sir Thomas Millingtoun and I was concerned in, who had an Ague personated by the most violent hysterical fits, that ever were described by any Author, but I forbear relating it, because it happened not at Sea. Yet whoever understands perfectly the Theory of Agues, and especially about their Return, will easily be persuaded, that there may be such obstructions in the smaller and lesle compressed vessels that may produce such effects, and these 〈◊〉 suppl●ied and discussed, that very way end one paroxysm and begin another: though I must confess, that the diligent Doctor Sydenham was the first, who took any particular notice, and gave us a plain account of any such fact; though he thought the reason was never to be assigned. This he does in his letter to the learned Doctor Brady, at present King's professor in Cambridge. Hic autem, says he, commemorare libet, quod sub primus▪ hujus constitutionis annos symptoma qaoddam insigne Febribus intermittent ibus quandoque supervenerit. Nempe ear 'em paroxysmi non cum ●igore & horrore, quas postea Febris exci pit invadebant sed aeger ijsdem plane symptomatis tentabatur ac si Ap●plexia vera laborasset quae tamen nihil ali●d esset, utcunque hunc affectum, aemularetur, qua● ipsa Febris caput impetens; ut ex alijs signis, it a ex colore urinae satis liquebat: quae intermittentibus ut pluri●um rubore saturato extat, qualis c●rn●tur in urina eorum qui Ictero laborant, etsi non adeo intense rubet, & pariter sedimentum deponit pulverem laterum fere referens. Hoc autem in casu, etc.  
But I must now take notice that a very considerable symptom attended these intermitting Fevers, about the beginning of this constitution. Their paroxysms made not their approach with a shaking and shivering, and than had the Fever following; but the sick person was affected in that very way, as if he had been ill of a true Apoplexy; which, nevertheless was nothing else but the Fever itself attacking his head. However, it imitated that disease, as was most evident by a great many signs, but more particularly by the colour of the Urine, which, in Agues, is commonly of a deep read, such as that is in those that are ill of the Jaundice, though it be not quite so read, and likewise breaks into a sediment almost like Brickdust. But in this case, etc.  
The great Doctor Sydenham is imitated in this by Doctor Morton, who endeavours to follow so exact a guide in writing observations of some diseases; but whatever people may think of that way of writing, I think it is the hardest thing to perform well in the world, which makes the observations of Platerns, Horstius, and a great many more Authors, who have been mightily commended of so little real use. I say that Doctor, Morton does here pursue the hint from Doctor Sydenham at greater length about the 82 and 83 page of his Pyraetolog, and give us the pathognomical sign, the utinam bone tinctam, sedimento lateritio saturatam, an Urine of a deep colour, stuffed with a sediment like Brickdust.  
And therefore, by the conduct of Doctor Sydenham, for I had not read the other Author when such a symptom first appeared to me, and the reason I have already assigned. I believed in my former patients and in this, that he had an Ague personated by a fit of the Gout. During the paroxysin I endeavoured to alloy the pain, but designed to prevent a relapse by the Jesuits powder, which succeeded very well given this way.  
On the 8th of May he had a fit in the evening; next day, he dined by eleven in the forenoon, and at five took this vomit.  
℞ Vin. emetic. ℥ i Oxym. seyllit. ℥ ss. aq. theriacal. ʒij. M. ac exhibeatur cum regimine.  
This made him vomit six times, and gave him one stool, and having his Fit in the evening, he began the Powder in the night; it was made up into an Electuary this way.  
℞ cons. ros. rub. ℥ j pulv. chin. chin. ʒvi. syr. de succ. limon. ●q. s. f. electuar. molle, quod consumat ante reditum sequentis. paroxysmi.  
He took it accordingly, and prevented the Fit; he had the Tincture too, for the design I use to give it, and suffered no relapse.   

Observation XX.  
The order I proposed in the beginning, leads me next to the other part of our stationary sicknesses the Loosenesses and Scurveys; and I shall give you a few instances of a great many that happened, as clearly and shortly as is possible.  
Peter Pierce having returned from the Streights, was troubled with a violent Flux: he was put ashore at De●l, and Gosp●rt, but returning without any Cure, I saw him on the 9th of June, on board the Queen, where Mr. French, a very careful Man, is Surgeon; he went to stool some 14 times a day, and was very uneasy in the night, he had no appetite for his Victuals, and was in a very weak condition: next day he took the following Purge.  
℞ Pulu. rad. Rhubarb. ℈ i cinam. pulverat. ℈ ss. M. ac capiat cum regimine.  
He did not voided much more than usually, with thsi, and in the evening he took the powder I prescribe for this disease, made into a Bolus, with conserve of read Roses, by which he recovered without taking any more remedies.   

Observation XXI.  
John Hall at the same time came from the Streights with the sickness upon him, and had the fate of the former; he had tried every thing that is prescribed by Physicians in this case, but to no purpose; at last taking the purgative as before, and than the Bolus, he did not go to stool for two days, and once every day thereafter; and recovered his health.   

Observation XXII.  
At the same time I saw Edward Mc Kaffrey, who had returned from the Streights in that Ship, and was put ashore for his illness, but to no purpose; he took this purge on the 10th of June.  
℞ Pulver. radic. jalap. cortic. cinam. subtle. pulverat. an ℈ j M. ac capiat cum regimine.  
He had ten stools that day, and in the evening took the powder made up with a little of the Conserve of pale Roses, and Syrup of White Poppies into a Bolus, it kept him from going to stool that night, but he having three or four stools next day, and being a little gripped he had a Clyster that day, and in the evening the Powder made up with Conserve of Read Roses, and recovered perfectly.   

Observation XXIII.  
Alexander Ferguson, one about sixteen or eighteen years of Age, returned from the Streights with the rest, but went to stool sometimes twenty times a day, he voided little but blood, and a skinny sort of substance, which he would be apt to take for the coats of the guts.  
He was let 5 ounces of blood in the arm, that evening, for revulsion.  
Now the reasonableness of this practice will appear from what I shall writ about the cure of an Apoplexy; and the success of such a revulsion may be seen in Authors: in particular, Amatus Lusitanus says, Ad virum illum, qui Dysenteriam diuturnam, & forte triginta dierum, ingenti cum febr● patiebatur, ac post multa & varia adhibita remedia, imbecillis & gracilis est factus, perseverante etiam fluxu ventris multo cum sanguine; Medicus cordatus ingressus est, qui sanguinem ex basilica dextri brachij extraxit, sed quanto juvamine, audite. Ilico, mirum dictu! sanguis cohibitus fuit, perseverante adhuc fluxu ventris. Caetetrum saccharo ad aliquot dies, & nonnullis ingestis Clysteribus, ac topicis astringentibus remediis adhibitis; Alvus, in totum, restricta est.  
℞ Rad. Rhab. elect. subtiliss. pulverat. ℈ j cinam. gr. xv. balsaem. Capyi. gut. j M. ac capiat cum regimine.  
This purged him easily, and that evening he took the Medicine in this form.  
℞ Pulver. contra Diarrhaeas ℈ j Opobals. gut. viij. cons. ros. rub. q. s. ut f. bolus quem capiat hora somni.  
He slept easily, and was not disturbed that night, he had no stool next day; and but one the day after, and was restored to his health.   

Observation XXIV.  
Hearing that there were some persons troubled with a looseness, on board the Sandwich, Commanded by Captain Mees; I went on board for that purpose on the 23d of July, and saw Robert Alvin, Edward Huggin, Charles Child, Thomas Star, and Robert Craig, who were very much weakened by most troublesome loosenesses that had kept them for three months, in spite of all that the Physicians, or any body else could give them.  
On the 24th they were all purged with the powder of Rhubarb and Cinnamon, which had all the success imaginable, and in the evening going to bed they took the bolus, which put an end to their troublesome disease, without any inconvenience whatsoever.   

Observation XXV.  
Henry Lloyd, having been troubled with this distemper so long, that for a fortnight he came not out of his Hammock, but as he was carried in men's arms, and was so weak that he could not turn himself, had this Clyster in the afternoon.  
℞ Decoct. common. pro Cl●ster. (in quo coct. sint sl. chamomil. Melilot. an. M. ss. semin. ●nis. contus. ℈ two. baccar. juniper. ℥ jj) ℥ viij. terebinth. in vitel. ovi solut. ʒj. M. f. enema injiciendum hora quinta pomeridiana.  
He could not keep it above half an hour, and when he voided it, it brought along with it a great deal of slimy stuff; and in the evening he took the medicine, as I used to prescribe it; he drunk for three or four days after the Decoctum album, and recovered without any relapse. After he had been ten days free from his flux, and began to crawl about again, he was sent ashore to recover strength, which he did in a very short time, blessed be God.   

Observation XXVI.  
— Servant to Lieutenant Colonel Lutherel, was taken ill on board the Duchess, in the beginning of August. When I saw him he had had six stools in one hour that morning; he immediately had the purge, and in the evening the Bolus, and recovered.  
I will not trouble you with more instances, since these are sufficient to demonstrate how powerful that medicine is, and of how great use it may be in those Countries where this disease is epidemical; and destroys so many thousands, as it has done in all the Armies and Navies in Europe, since the beginning of the present war.  
In the next place I proceed to the Cure of Scurveys, which, I bless God for it, are not so frequent as people imagine, and these that are truly Scorbutical, recover better in three days ashore, than in three thousand on board, though very many recovering imperfectly of their Fevers and continuing weak, are always said to have the Scurvy, and this might even be pretended with a little more care, and therefore I will say no more on this subject; and the mistaken Scurvy, or Melancholia Hypochondriaca shall have its place among our interfering Diseases, which I now begin to accounted for.   

Observation XXVII.  
John Davis, was taken suddenly with a loss of his Speech, he fell down as if he had been thunderstruck, and fast asleep, without feeling or any motion, except Respiration, the motion of the Heart, and consequently that of the Pulse: yet, the Respiration and Pulse were so very small, that the sick person seemed to be dead for a great many hours, his breathing was high, as when a man snores, and he foamed a little at the mouth.  
'Tis certain, that this is a Fit of an Apoplexy, a Disease not necessarily occasioned by our way of living at Sea, and therefore not to be minutely and particularly accounted for, in this place; yet to make the method of cure to be better understood, 'twill be necessary to say something, in the general, of its production: and therefore, let us only consider what we observe upon this and the like occasions; we have here a sudden and universal deprivation of sense and motion, except those already mentioned in the foregoing History; so that whatsoever is capable of producing this universal and sudden Deprivation, is the immediate cause of this Disease. Again, let us remember that when I proved in my O Econ. Anim. that there was a liquor propelled through the Nerves which we might call Animal Spirits, I did it upon an experiment of a part's losing its sense and motion by making a ligature upon the nerve with which that part is provided; and now since we see that a member, or a particular muscle may loose their sense and motion by making ligatures upon their Nerves; if so many ligatures or something that produces the same effect, be supposed to affect every Nerve and all its parts, or all the Nerves in their Original, which may be more easily done, 'twill not be difficult to apprehended this universal and sudden deprivation of sense and motion, which is required.  
Now any thing that may depress the small and tender Nerves in their rise, in the Brain, and Medulla oblongata, will hinder this derivation of animal spirits thro' the Nerves and cause an Apoplexy; whether the sides of the Arteries be stuffed with too much blood (thro' its viscidity, too great quantity, or its being too much rarefied) bending outward with greater force than these Nerves have resistance; or whether these Nerves are thus depressed, by any of the vessels of the Brain being broken, and their liquors driven thro' all the brain by the force that propelled those liquors; extraneous bodies bred in the brain, a depression of the skull, which compresses these vessels, and the whole substance of the brain; all which may produce the required effect.  
Now if the compression be of such a kind that either few animal spirits are derived, or none at all; if the last, the consequence is death, because of the absolute and perfect want of those spirits that distribute sense over all the body, and motion to all its vessels and liquors: but when these spirits are conveyed in a very small quantity, they go with no unequal force into all the muscles, and consequently they effect equally, as to our observation, the whole muscles; and because the muscles of the whole body are counterpoised by their Antagonistical Muscles, except the Heart which has no Antagonistical Muscle, and they being equally affected with this small quantity of animal spirits, their powers will be equal, and all detained in equilibrio, except the Heart whose faint motion, from so few spirits, does continued; and the pulse too, which depends upon the motion of the Heart. Now from this Theory 'twere easy to establish the Cure, according to the different ways of the production of this Disease; as that an Apoplexy from extravasated liquors or extraneous bodies bred in the brain is incurable, because we know of no way to bring back these liquors into their vessels, or to destroy these growing and compressing bodies in the brain: and that that from a depression of the skull requires the raising of the skull, and a practice according to the hurt the brain has received by this depression. But the Cure of that which is occasioned by the stagnating of the blood in the Arteries of the Brain, and Medulla Oblongata, can only be performed by such means as may put this blood into motion, and empty those vessels from the extraordinary quantities; upon which views, strait come into our mind all sorts of Evacuations, as Bleeding, Vomiting, Purges, Clysters, Sweeting Medicines, etc. than such Medicines as 'cause pain, which occasions the vessels and muscles to be more violently contracted, that so the stuffing liquors may be the more easily cast of. Now, though Authors do mightily depend upon such evacuating Medicines for curing the paroxysm of an Apoplexy, yet it were easy to demonstrate the unsuccessfulness of that practice, by proving how such Medicines cannot affect the body in this circumstance, and therefore can afford but a very weak help; but this not being my design, I will only put 'em in mind of an instance of daily experience, and defer other Arguments to a more proper occasion; and that is, if we give a very strong Vomit to any one in a Quartan Ague when the cold fit is begun, we found it never has its effect till the cold fit, which may last three or four hours, is over; the vomitive parts of any medicine not being capable to affect the Blood or animal Spirits, in this viscid state of the Blood, or when it has a slower motion in the cold fit of an Ague, so as to produce their natural and constant effect; yet so soon as that is over, we found that, in a reasonable time, this small quantity of a medicine that has been in reserve, for some hours, in a place, that uses to digest our most solid food, and transmit its healthful juices into the blood for our sustenance in lesle time, at length, and than only gins to move us; and since this is the constant fate of vomits taken in such circumstances, 'twill be very plain to those that can see into the reason of this obvious observation, what we are to expect from this medicine in the fit of an Apoplexy, where all feeling and sense seem to be at a final period, the equable and exact motion of our Liquors interrupted, the Pitcher broken at the Fountain, and the spring and origin of motion taken of: And if all this happens to vomits, the medicines, that of all others have the most violent effects upon us, what must the weaker helps of the other medicines be thought to perform? just nothing; and if we can cram them into him, 'tis only to plague him after he has recovered without our help. Now, if this is all that internal medicines can do, even when we are to use violence upon our Patients to make 'em receive them; we must certainly depend upon external operations, for any service we can expect to do, as anointings, which can do lest, smelling at things that may affect our Senses and created pain, which may do more; but if we can hinder a greater afflux of Blood to that which already stagnates, and even take of some of the stagnating power, we may reasonably hope that the Heart may recover such force, as may propel the stagnating Liquors in the Brain, and Medulla Oblongata, or that we may relieve our Patients with a great deal of certainty and in a short time, and to put him in a condition to reap advantage from internal Medicines that could do him no service before: And this may be done by such ways of bleeding, whereby the blood being determined more to one part than another, more to the place where there is no cause for obstruction, than to one where it already is, there may be some of the obstructing force taken of, or it may be done by Revulsion and Derivation, a practice so confirmed by daily experience, as well as by that of the Ancients of all Ages; though its reason was never to be assigned, but by supposing Harvey's most noble Theorem, the Circulation of the blood, Whatever; contrary use some of our Modern Physicians have pleased to make of it, without any reason. For, if the Blood's motion is quicker by bleeding, and in that Vessel where the wound is made, than it is in any other Vessel of the opposite side, and that has no communion with this, or even in the same Vessel; before the bleeding; 'Tis certain that there will a greater quantity of blood flow thro' that Vessel than there does in its opposite Vessel in the same space of time, or did throw itself before the Venesection; and that if this emissary is made upon a Vein that is continued with an obstructed Artery, this new outlet of the Blood will take of some hundreds of degrees of resistance that it had from the blood contained in its Channel; or by the different ways of bleeding there will be Revulsion and Derivation as was to be proved. Now the blood's motion must be quicker, because the powers that propel the blood, or rather the blood itself, does not communicate, or does not loose, by a great deal, so much of its force, when it moves through a Vessel, or its processes even to the Heart, as where there is an emissary made, where there is none. This is most evident upon this account, because the parts of blood that are next to the Heart propelling the parts that are more remote, loose a thousand times more of their motion when they propel the blood through a whole Channel, than when the Vessel has a large emissary made upon it, the proportion betwixt the column of blood as it runs in a continued course (the parts of blood being contiguous one to another in their motion from the left Ventricle of the Heart, till they return into the right) and as it runs through an emissary into the air being as 1 to 1000, or by some calculations as 1 to 1200 or thereabouts. But not to insist upon this, and that some who are accustomed to more nice calculations, may be capable to conceive the truth of this proposition we advance; let them but call into their thoughts what happens constantly in bleeding; where we may see run out of one Vein some ten or twelve ounces of blood in little more than a minute, and showing such quantities over all the body, than considering the Mass and bigness of the Vessels, and so he'll found this excessive velocity is either to be allowed, or else his quantity of Blood must grow infinitely upon him, and extraordinarily beyond a reasonable allowance. And now it being clear, that not only the Doctrine of Revulsion and Derivation is to be accounted for by supposing the Circulation of the Blood, but even that they who believe that this Doctrine is contrary to this Proposition, are perfectly ignorant of this noble Theory, the Circulation of the Blood, and its great Effects; I will proceed to the Cure of the Patient in the Fit of the Apoplexy; and because things could not be got ready soon enough for a more considerable Revulsion by Bleeding him in the Foot, I caused eight Ounces to be taken out of his Arm, through a large Orifice, and thereafter, because he had abundance of Blood, ℥ xuj. were taken out of his right jugular, because they convey the Blood immediately from the Sins of the Brain, into which these Arteries discharge themselves; which Operation, with smelling at some strong Spirit of Heart's horn, brought him out of the Fit while the Surgeon was Bleeding him; after the Fit was over, he had a Clyster, not at all stronger than usually, and took now and than three spoonfuls of this Julep.  
℞ aq. lact. al●xiter. ℥ v. spirit. vin. ℥ ij. aq. theriacal. ℥ j Tincture. Castor. ʒj. M. ac cum. syr. fl. caryophyl ℥ j f. julap. Cujus bibat 〈◊〉. iij. tertia quaque hora.  
He had a Seton in his Neck for one Month, and his ordinary drink was the following decoction.  
℞ lign. Guaiac. ℥ vj. Cortic. ejusdem ℥ ij. santal. rub. citrin. an. ʒuj. Coq. & digerant. l. a. in ss. q. aq. sont. ad lb vj. Circa finem addend. passul. mayor. integr. ℥ v. Colatura servetur usui.  
All this time he had suffered no relapse, nor since as I can learn.   

Observation XXVIII.  
T. ●— who had been ill of a long time, of a difficulty of Breathing, of that sort that's called an Asthma, according to an Ancient verse,  
Disnia se celat, canit Asma malumque revelat,  
Ortonia quoque morbo vexatur utroque.  
His Pulse was slower than usually, he had no Appetite, and was of a Cachectical disposition.  
Now, since an Influx of the Animal Spirits into the Muscles of the Thorax, in its proper disposition, as that of the Lungs, Air and Blood are absolutely necessary in a natural respiration; so any one or more of these, or all together being vitiated will occasion a difficulty of Breathing, which are more particularly to be accounted for by those that writ, on purpose, upon that Subject; in this case, his thicker Blood not being able to pass quickly enough through his Lungs did produce this Asthma; and therefore being first called to him while he was in a very severe Fit, I ordered him immediately to be let twelve Ounces of Blood; next Morning which was the 25 of June, he took gr. vj. of Tartar. Emetic. which produced the desired effect; and the day after he took this purge.  
℞ resin. jalapp. gr. x. mercur. d. gr. viij. trochisc. Alhand. gr. ij. gum. ammoniac. solut. ac parum inspissat. q. s. ut f. pill. Nᵒ. v. Quas capiat multo mane cum regimine.  
After he had taken these Pills, he began this Tincture, which I had ordered to be prepared in the mean time.  
℞ rad. gentian. ℥ ij. summitat. hyssop. puleg. centaur. min. M. j baccar. juniper. ℥ ij. croc. Anglic. in pet. ligat. ʒj. milleped. viv. ac mundat. Nᵒ. xl. preparatis s. ●. a●●und, vin Xeresens. lb ij. ac post quam fuerint per biduum in infusione, bibat cochl. v. bis in die.  
He found himself in lesle than a Month, a great deal easier than he had been for a year before, and I hope he has e'er now recovered his perfect Health.   

Observation XXIX.  
T— B— was taken with an Efflux of yellow Matter out of his Yard, in one days time, after some impure Embraces, he had a scalding of his Urinal, a painful erection, and une chorde.  
He complained to me as soon almost as it appeared, and he was perfectly cured of this misfortune, the Gleet and all its attendants in twelve days, by the method I hinted in my last Book. The Gonorrhaea in this way of Cure, has this constant appearance through the whole course, as I have hitherto observed; for the first three or four days, it runs but moderately of a thicker kind of stuff, from the Fourth or Fifth, to the Ninth thinner and in a greater abundance, very yellow and sometimes green; about the Ninth it generally changes its colour to an equal substance, and the desired whiteness, decreasing considerably in its quantity, till on the Twelfth, Thirteenth or Fourteenth, it quite vanishes, daily lessening by degrees, its substance becoming thicker and whiter, the 〈◊〉 it grows; after the same very way which we observe in other Ulcers.  
I could relate more Instances of this kind, if it were not too tedious to read Cures, without knowing the Method, and Instruments that contributed towards them; and therefore I will add not more Observations of this Nature, but rather divert ourselves a little with some Reasonings about its Antiquity, which, in my Opinion, is pretty plainly to be read in a great many places in Ancient History, but more especially among the Comodians. Thou this has seemed to be very obscure, and we are contented to refer its Original to the Siege of Naples; yet to lay aside profane History, at this time, I will only allege that an Account of may easily be found in the Holy Scriptures themselves, and by the way of expressing it there; this seems to be as Ancient as the time of Women having Monthly and Childbed purgations, which succeed the description of our Diseases here, from the very beginning of Mankind. The place where I think this is so plainly intimated, is when Moses Institutes the Ceremonies of the Jews purifying themselves, he says in the 2d verse of the 15th Chapter of Leviticus, When any Man has a Running Issue out of his Flesh, etc. It is described very plainly and beyond a guess: And the Word Flesh here spoken of, is frequently taken in holy writ for the Privy Member of a Man, as in the Institution of the Circumcision with Abraham, in the 17th Chapter of Cenesis at the 11th verse, and when God Almighty denounces his Wrath against the Whoredom of Jerusalem, in the 26th verse of the 17th Chapter of Eze●●●l's Prophecies, he says, Thou ●●st also 〈◊〉 fornication with the Egyptians thy ●●●●bours, great of Flesh, as he had 〈◊〉, cum, Mutoneatis Aegyptis; and in the 20th verse of the 23d Chapter of that Prophet's Book, For she doted upon their paramours, whose Flesh is as the Flesh of Asses, etc. Now seeing the word Flesh here spoke of is Penis, we can be at no dispute about the Accident related of it in the sequel of this Chapter, in Leviticus: And it being the Running of the Reinss or Clap, that Moses Institutes this Ceremony of Purification for, 'tis evident also, that this Sickness thus to 〈◊〉 Purified for, was known to Moses, and frequent among those that received those Laws, or that it was 〈◊〉 among the Children of Israel; and so, among the most Ancient things that we know, and more Ancient than the most of, or any other Diseases: But this is still more clear that we read it in the French Translation, or in that of the vulgar Latin. And therefore 'tis plain, from this single Instance, that this Disease is more Ancient than the first of the times we use to assign, as I intneded to prove.   

Observation XXX.  
D— I— a Boatswain's Mate in his Majesty's Ship the— was seized with the abovementioned Disease in an East India Voyage, and had a Cure, that stopped his Running; about three Months after, he was troubled with great, thick, crusty Scabs on his Arms; for which he had a great many Liniments and other Med'cins, by which the Scabs fell of, but still sprung up again; till meeting him this Summer he was perfectly Cured by the following method: He took a Bolus of Turbith Mineral twice a Week, and his constant drink was a decoction of Guaiac. for one Month, the Remedies were these,  
℞ Turpeth. mineral gr. seven. cons. rosar. rub. q. s. ut f. Bolus, quem Capiat cum regimine Repetatur ad alteram vicem hac septimana, ac bis hebdomadib. seq. ad mensem integrum.  
℞ Rasur. lign. guaiac. ℥ ij. corti●. ejusd. ℥ ss. Coq. s. a. in aq. fontan. s. q. ad lb ij. Circa finem addendo passul. mayor. integr. ℥ iv. aut liqu●rit. raspat. ℥ ss. f. Colatura in lagena vitrea recondenda ad usum.  
In the short time he used these things, his Scabs fell of, and he became very fat; neither had any return of his fulsome Disease.   

Observation XXXI.  
Mr. Ankers, Captain Greenway's Clerk in the Edgar, was troubled with a want of Appetite for his Victuals, a prodigious spitting, an apprehension of dying suddenly, belching, a weak and rare Pulse, and a sinking at his Heart, with a difficulty in fetching his Breath.  
'Tis evident that this Sickness which held him of a long time, and for which he had advised with a great many, to no purpose, is no other than the Melancholia Hypochondr●●a, or that which People commonly call the Spleen, tho' it often times has though lest part in that Disease; and almost none of these Symptoms I have just now named, can be the consequences of that Part's being any way affected, as I might easily demonstrate by a more particular resolution of the Symptoms of this Distemper: But since it is no otherways under my consideration, at present, than as 'tis an Interloping Sickness, I may suppose its Causes, in laying down the Indications for its Cure. And therefore, because these Belchings, Indigestion, and Windiness in the first Passages, the Slowness of the Pulse, Vnactiveness, and Whiteness of the Urine, argue a defect in the attrition of the Chyle, and an unfirness for its being mixed with the Blood, I ordered him a Vomit both to cleanse the first Passages, that the Chyle and Medicines might be transmitted into the Blood in their full force, and that without any loss of Spirits, as also that the thick and languishing Blood might receive a new tour and determination, by the violent Contraction of almost all the Muscles, in the time of vomiting. The Vomit was five grains of Tartarum 〈◊〉, dissolved in two or three 〈◊〉 of White-wine; he dr●nk now and than large draughts of thin Water-gruel in the intervals of the vomiting. It wrought very easily for 3/4 of an Hour, in which time he had four vomits and two stools; about an hour after it had done working, he drank a glass of warm Sherry, and laid himself to sleep; and next Morning took the following Potion.  
℞ sol. see. sine slip. ʒiij. rad. rhab. elect. incis. ℈ j infund. ●epid. per noct. in decoct. fortior. passul. mayor. ℥ viij. mane colaturae per express. factae add syr. de rhamn. ʒss aq. epidemic. ʒij. fl. till. ℥ ss M. ac. hibat cum regimine.  
This purged him five times without any griping, and to the satisfaction of us all: The day after he began an infusion that was preparing for him, from the beginning of this course, whereof this is the form.  
℞ rad. gentian. ℥ ij. Aristol. rotund. ℥ j summit. cent. min. absynth. Card. Benedict. an M. j fol. cochlear. hortens. M. ij. Cortic. aurant. ℥ j baccar. juniper. ℥ iij. praeparatis ss. a. a●●und. vin. Xeresens. lb iv. ac macerent. per dies quatuor vel quinque; dein bibat cochl. iv. bis terve quotidie. Infusio, vero, tantum coletur tempore usus; ac persistat in hujus infusioni usu ad mensem integrum.  
He drank this Tincture the whole time appointed, which dissipated all his fears of a sudden Death, and brought him a good Stomach, and easy Nights.   

Observation XXXII.  
A— M— Captain of his majesty's Ship— was taken ill of a want of Appetite, Thoughtfulness, Disturbance in his sleep, Melancholy dreams, and a Defect of Spirits; his Pulse was weak, and there were small Swell in different parts of his Body, in the Morning especially, tho' they went of about Noon.  
'Tis evident that the Sickness is of the same sort with the former, and therefore I ordered him to be let nine Ounces of Blood, and next day to take this Vomit.  
℞ Tartar. emetic. gr. iv. Solv. in vin. alb. Gallic. cochl. uno vel altero, ac Capiat mane cum regimine.  
It wrought five times, and made him go once to stool, all the time of its Operation he drank large draughts of Posset-drink; next day Morning he took these Pills early in the Morning.  
℞ pill. Rud. gr. xxv. Merc. d. gr. seven. Tartar. vitriolat gr. v. elixir. proprietat. q. s. ut●f. pill. Nᵒ. v. Quas capias multo mane, cum regimine, ac superdormiendo.  
They purged him four times with a great deal of ease; and next Morning he began the following Electuary.  
℞ cortic. aurant. conduit. rad. helen. conduit. ℥ ij. z. in z. in Ind conduit. ʒuj. pulver. Ariosto composit. ʒij. theriac. Andr●●●●. ʒj. lyr. chalybeat, q. s. ut f. electuar▪ de quo Capiat quantitat. nuc. moschat. mayor. bis in die, superbibendo 〈◊〉 ●ujust●bet generos. poculum.  
Every Evening about bed time, he took a Dose of these Pills.  
℞ gum. ammo. 〈◊〉. sagapen. ʒj. en●. vener. ℈ ij. croc. Anglic. subtle. pulverat. ʒss sal. volatile. succin, C. C. gr. xv. elix. proprictat. q. s. ut f. pill. N●. xl. ac Capiat tres alternis noctibus, eundo Cubitum.  
With the use of these Med'cins, and such a bitter Infusion as was prescribed before, he recovered perfectly in the space of one Month.   

Observation XXXIII.  
B— D— Surgeon of his Majesty's Ship the— after a Summer's custom of drinking drams of Brandy and other Spirituous Liquors, was perfectly dried up, and decayed; he had no Appetite for Meat, he had a great drought, he Sweated very much in the night, and could not sleep: He had taken a Vomit and was drinking decoct. amar. ashore when I saw him first; so I forbidden him to use the decoction any longer, and desired his whole diet might be Water-gruel, Whey, Milk and the like, and to take frequently some of the following Electuary.  
℞ pulp. passul mayor. cons. cyno●bat. cochlear an ℥ j cortic. citr. conduit ℥ ss ocul. caner. ppt. ʒij. sal. prunel. ʒjss. syr. alth. Fernel. q. s. ut f. electuar. Cujus capiat magnitud. nuc. myristic. bis vel ter in die, superbibendo seri lact. recent. ac non salsi poculum.  
He continued faithfully in the use of these Med'cins for a Month, and recovered sensibly every day.   

Observation XXXIV.  
F— L— Captain of his majesty's Ship— was troubled with a pain in his Stomach, a want of Appetite, and what he eat, lay heavy and did not digest, his Pulse was a crawling rare Pulse, he was subject to sudden Faintings, and had always most Melancholy dreams.  
This being another Fit of the Melancholia Hypochondriaca, I ordered him to take a Vomit, next Morning, of five Grains of Tartar. emetic. drinking large draughts of thin water gruel between every Fit of Vomiting: The day following he drank this Potion.  
℞ fol. see. virent & a st●ipit. mundat. ℥ ss rad. rhab. elect. ac in●is. ℈ j fl. chammo●●il. pu●. ij. crem. Tartar gr. xv. inf. per n●ct. in decoct. passul. mayor. ℥ vi. C●latur. mane per expr. fact. add. aq cin. ●ordeat. ʒj. M. ac bibat cum regimine.  
This purged him six or seven times but gripped him a little, and intermitting one day, on the third the Potion was repeated with the same success as before; than, he began to take this Infusion.  
℞ rad. Imperator ℥ ij. raphan. armorac. ℥ jss. fol. menth. puleg. beton. summitat. cent. min. fl chamom. an M. j rad. galang. ℥ ss. z. z. alb ʒij. cortic. aurant. i ℥ ij. mac. ℈ ij. limatur. chalyb. lb viij. In. in vin hispa●. lb viij. post macerat. quatour dierum, bibat jejuno ventriculo, cochl. iv. ma●e, & totidem hora quinta post meridiem.  
He drank also two drops of ol. sulphur. per camp. in a glass of wine half an hour before Dinner for a whole Month, and recovered very fast.  
To these Histories I could add a hundred more, of People that have been in the same condition after Fevers; for how can it be expected, that after one, who is very weak and just recovered of a Fever, and falls, without due strength, to the eating of the Ship's salt Provisions, which I proved to require a vast deal of Exercise, Work and Fatigue, at any time; I say, how can it be expected that he can recover strength upon such a diet, which he is not so much as able to digest? But this may be almost entirely prevented, by making their Burgoo-diet more grateful, by a greater allowance of Butter, or fresh Provisions, which will not do quite so well. I am confident that this one thing would save a great many men's lives, how small and inconsiderable soever it may seem to be, and make the Service to be better performed; and I dare positiv●●, affirm, that there can be no inconvenience reasonably alleged, so much as by a thousand Consequences, to the contrary, except a little more Expense and Charge to the King, and that but very little, and even that saved by the discreet management of the Commissioners of the Admiralty and Navy, which has been singulary in this long War. But as things stand now, I have prevented very much this inconvenience, by confining them, as much as possible, to a diet of Water-gruel, Burgoo, Bread and Butter, for the first week of their recovery; drinking half a pint of the bitter draught without the Purgatives, every morning, or longer as 'tis needful. But we have more considerable Errors in my way, or the administering of Physic to the Fleet, which would be lesle chargeable, and of greater advantage, if amended; and I must believe, that all these things will be sufficiently looked into, in their proper time.   

Observation XXXV.  
Mr. Smith, second Lieutenant of the Victory, was troubled with a Cough, and difficulty of breathing, he had a pain in his Breast, he was Costive and had no Appetite.  
I ordered him immediately to be let fourteen Ounces of Blood, and next day to take this purge.  
℞ pill. Rud. ʒss calomelan. gr. viij. Tartar. vitriclat. gr. v. elix. proprietat. q. s. ut f. p●l. Nᵒ. v. quas Capiat. multo manc cum regimine & superdormiendo. Repetatur ad alteram vicem interjecto die u●ico.  
When this was done, he was a a little better, yet the pain in his Breast continuing, I ordered him again to be let Blood, and taking once more a dose of the Physic, to begin the use of this Electuary, and to live very abstemiously, drinking no strong drink, and eating only Water-gruel.  
℞ pulp. passul. mayor. conserv. rosar. rub. ℥ ij. theriac. Andromach. ʒiij. syr. alth. fernel. parum, ut f. electuar. de quo Capiat magnitud. nuc. moschat. bis vel ter in die.  
Before he had consumed this Electuary, he was perfectly well. I know that I shall be blamed among great Persons that neglect all small things, for observing this trivial thing of a Cough, and for Curing it this way: But I am not ashamed to own my inclinations to observe the meanest things that may hap; tho', at the same time, I think a Cough one of the greatest Distempers that may be, either as 'tis the beginner of the greatest Diseases, or as it has been the lest accounted for, and the Indications of Cure most injudiciously established. For a Cough naturally introduces Fevers, Apoplexies, Consumptions, Convulsive Diseases, etc. and the sooner by the ordinary way of Cure, which is generally endeavoured by thickening Lozenges, or diaphoretical Med'cins; or, which is ridiculous, by such things that absorb Acids, those pernicious Causes of this Disease, as they are pleased to think. The first method in any Cough, that does not go of of itself, makes the Patiented Asthmatical, Lethargical, or throws him into some Convulsive Disease; the second, which is done to open the Pores, which most pro●●bly were never shut, nor can be ●●agin'd to be so, by any reason yet alleged, is the plain beginner of Fevers and Sicknesses of that sort; and as the third is prescribed without a design, so it never produces any good effect, but prolongs the Disease, so that if it does not go of in spite of the Med'cins, it ends in a decay. But whoever will give himself the trouble to remember the time wherein we are most apt to catch cold, may easily discern that it is the too great lightness of the Air that occasions the slower motion of the Blood, which is the immediate cause of this Distemper; for the Blood being more slowly moved, does especially produce that larger discharge of Lympha in the Salival Vessels, after the manner hinted in my Oecon. Animal. which Lympha being separated in a great abundance about the Mouth, Throat, or in the Aspera Arteria itself, and falling into the Lungs, does very often by its own weight provoke the Lungs into that action we know by the Name of Cough; tho' this be not the proper place either to explain what it is, how it is produced, or what are its causes: Only it is evident that this large discharge of Lymphae, and the other accidents in a Cough proceeding from the Blood's slower motion, and greater quantity; that this greater quantity is to be lessened, and the Blood's motion heightened by ways that are not repugnant to one another, which may be done by the foregoing method, tho' the reason is to be deduced in a great measure, from what I have said about the Cure of continued Fevers, in the Second Part of my Book of Sea Sicknesses.   

Observation XXXVI.  
Mr. Listock, a Lieutenant in his majesty's Ship the Royal William, was ill of a violent Cough and a spiting of Blood, which made him very pale and lean; he had a weak Pulse, he did not sleep well in the Night, and was sometimes Feverish.  
The Cough and spiting of Blood, being the great Diseases in this case, and the other Symptoms but the consequences of them; 'tis certain that a spitting of Blood being only produced by the greater force made upon the tenderer and smaller Vessels, about the Nose, Mouth, Throat, Aspera Arteria, and the Lungs themselves; that the natural way of Curing this Disease, is by lessening this violent force of the Blood, that may come from its extraordinary Rarefaction, Quantity or Motion, and repairing the defects and inconveniences the Vessels have sustained by this eruption: But before I speak of the Cure, some will expect that I should determine the part for which this Blood was voided, which is of no great consequence to the Cure, tho' it may be in a clear Prognostic, yet even this I have neglected, because 'twould spend too much time in settling more evident and certain signs, than we found among Authors; for who that has read any thing of Physic, does not see that we all follow Hippocrat. 5. Aph. 13. Quicunque spumantem sanguinem extussiunt, iis ex pulmone educitur, in settling this Efflux from the Lungs, rather in the Throat or any where else, where it is demonstrable that Blood may be frothy, tho' it never came from the Lungs; and that there may be Vessels broken in the Lungs, out of which a great deal of Blood may be voided, and yet this may not be frothy. I say not to spend too much time, and from the purpose upon this Subject, I am content to give an account of the way how I cured my Patient, tho' he eat salt Victuals almost all the while.  
He was first let Blood, both to lessen the quantity and to make a Revulsion, and than because the spiting was not so frequent, and his Blood seemed to be in an ill condition, he was purged with half a dram of Rhubarb, and next took this Electuary.  
℞ cons. cynosbat. pulp. passul. mayor an ℥ ij. lapid. haematit. ppti. pulv. sang. dracon. an ʒij. sal. prunell. ʒiss. theriac. Andromach. ℈ ij. syr. de ros. sicc. q. s. ut f. electuar. Cujus capiat quantitatem nuc. muschat. mayor. bis vel ter in die.  
His drink was Water, and a little read Wine, and in every draught, he had ℈ ss. sal. prunellae; and at Bed time he took twice a Week the following Bolus.  
℞ spermat. cet. non rancid. gr. xv. pill. de styrac. gr. vj. cons. rosar. rub. q. s. ut f. bolus, quem Capiat hora somni.  
After he had taken these things eight or ten Days, he found himself a great deal better, and continued using them for a Month or two more; only the Electuary was a little altered, and made not so binding.   

Observation XXXVII.  
G— D— Purser of his Majesty's Ship the— was taken ill of a sharp pricking pain in his left side, he was somewhat Feverish, he breathed thick, and with a great deal of difficulty, his Pulse was hard and frequent, and withal he had a Cough.  
'Tis evident by this description, That he was ill of a Pleurisy, and because this affection is only an inflammation of the P●●ura, and, perhaps, of the Muscles themselves, which is produced by the Blood's stagnating in the Arteries of these parts, where this affection is: And therefore, I ordered twelve Ounces of Blood to be taken out of his right Arm, and the very same minute I saw him; and enjoined it to be repeated, if the pain did not sensibly abate in four hours' time, and in 24 hours' time, he lost 48 Ounces of Blood at convenient intervals: his drink was barley decoction, in every draught of which, was mixed a dose of purified Nitre; and at night, going to Bed, he drank of this Emulsion.  
℞ semin. iv. frigid. mayor. ℥ j semin. papav. alb. ʒij. amygd. d. Nᵒ. x. Contundant. l. a. in mortar. marmor. ac f. emuls. sensim. affundendo decoct. hoard. ℥ x. Colatur. ●lar. add. syr. de mecon. ℥ j  
He abstained from eating any thing but Water-gruel for ten days, yet a day or two after the violence of the pain was abated, I ordered him this Purge, for the same reasons he was let Blood, tho' 'tis generally forbidden by Authors.  
℞ fol. see. sine stipit. ℥ ss. fl. melilot. pug. ij. crem. tartar ℈ j inf. per noctem in decoct. tamarind. ℥ vj. Colatur. per express. fact. add syr. de rhamn. ʒj. M. ac. Capiat cum regimine.  
This purged him very easily, and with a great deal of success and satisfaction; and besides these things, he took nothing else, only the part was anointed with a lineament of the Ointment of Marsh-mallows and Linseed oil, and so he recovered.   

Observation XXXVIII.  
John Turner, had been ill for above a Year of want of Appetite, a Swelling, for the most part of the day, in the Muscles of all his Body, but especially of his Legs, his ●●lour was greasy, and like Clay, ●is Pulse was weak, and he made but little water.  
The History of these Symptoms, plainly declares what this Disease is, that it is a Dropsy, and of that sort they call an Anasarca or Leucophlegmatia: The ancient Physicians thinking that it was entirely Phlegm subsisting some way between the Muscles that gave this white or pale colour, and made the Flesh capable to retain the print of any thing, that was pressed upon it, for some time. 'Tis certainly a very great weakness of the whole mass of Blood, even so great, that it seems the Heart is not supplied with a sufficient quantity of Spirits to propel the mass of Blood, and to accommodate the thing to their way of speaking, seems to be full of Phlegm; but we must believe, that when the Sickness goes no farther than an Anasarca, there is no breach of the Vessels, none of this stuff lodged between the interstices of the Muscles; because it would produce quite other effects than we see. This weakness may be procured many ways, either because the Spirits are mightily exhausted 〈◊〉 too great evacuations, made by ourselves or such as may be customary or critical, or because there are not sufficient quantities of Spirits made, through an ill way of living, or the Blood may even be made so thick by some usual evacuations, being suppressed, that this defect of Spirits may be very sensible. In all these Circumstances, this weakened Blood not having that quantity of motion, I have proved necessary for making the Perspiration; the steams that are daily voided that way in a great abundance being detained in a great measure, and heightening the bulk of this sordid mass of Blood that was not easily propelled, must needs loose of its motion, by this daily addition, and subsist in the smaller and more capillary Vessels, especially in extreme parts of the Body, and proportionably to this addition, the growing swelling will be.  
Now, for the Cure of this Disease, the want of Spirits we must endeavour to supply, and to correct the viscidity and toughness of of the Blood: Upon these designs, Authors have advised sweeting Med'cins, which seldom have their effect in this Disease; and I must believe very hurtful, if they had, by carrying of some of the more spirituous parts of the Blood; and 'tis certain that when this Disease succeeds any immoderate evacuations that the famed purgatives are as unreasonable as letting of Blood: tho' when it comes from a suppression of some usual evacuations, purgatives conveniently used may be of great advantage: Yet Vomits for the reasons assigned in the second part, about curing of Agues may be of infinite advantage, as Authors have found in their practice.  
The method I pursued for his Cure was this; he first took gr. seven. of Tartar. emetic. which wrought very well, Vomiting eight times and giving him four stools; next day he took the following purgative.  
℞ Pil. Rud. ʒss. Calomelan. gr. xij. elater. gr. j Elixir. proprietat. q●● ut f. pill. Nᵒ. v. quas capiat multo m●ne cum regimine ac superdormiendo. Repetantur semel vel bis qualibet septimana.  
℞ radic. gentian●raphan sylvestr. an. ℥ ij. Zedoar. Galangae an. ℥ j summitat. absi●h. card. Benedict. centaur. min. an. M. jauss salvi. agrimon. rut. murar. cochlear. a●. M. j cortic. aurant. ℥ j ●●●●eran. ℥ ss. baccar juniper. ℥ iv. semi●. sinap. ℥ jss. pptis ss. a. affundant. cerevis. plus quam mediocr. lb xuj. Stint ●●●●d●em unum aut alterum in infusione; dein bibat pro● potu ordinario: Affunde. tamen poterit cerevisia eisdem materialib. adalteram vicem.  
With the first opportunity he was desired to purchase this Electuary and to take it as I have here prescribed it, upon Riverius recommendation in the 97th Observation, Cent 2.  
℞ cons. fl tamarisc. capil. vener an. ℥ jss. conserv. rad. enul. ℥ ss. conf. alarm. ʒiij. sal. absynth tamarisc. an. ʒj. rasur. ebor. pulverisat. spec. diarrhod. Abbot. an. ℈ j syr. capil. vener. q. s. ut f. opiate. Cujus capiat quantitat. castan. singul. diebus duabus horis ante pastum superbibendo vini enjuslibet generosissimi poculum.  
By the exact use of these things he recovered wonderfully, and attained to his perfect Health in the space of three Months.  
But besides Anasarca's, 'tis almost a wonder that that other sort of Dropsy and Ascites is so rare amongst People of gross enough habits of Body, that drink so much of spirituous Liquors; and they really observe themselves, that such as drink dry Drams (as they call them) seldom escape this misfortune; whereas when their Brandy is tempered with Ship's Beer or rather in Slip or Punch, it becomes a most wholesome and useful Drink, considering their Diet and way of living. For this is it that these dry Drams drank at Sea or a Shoar do, they shrivel all the Membranes and Membranous parts of our Body, by which our Stomaches is made lesle sensible of hunger, and uncapable of performing its office in digesting our Victuals, our Veins, Arteries and Nerves are dried up, so that they are not so easily contracted ℞ radic. gentian. raphan sylvestr. an. ℥ ij. Zedoar. Galangae an. ℥ j summitat. abs●●h. card. Benedict. centaur. min. an. M. j ss salvi. agrimon. rut. murar. cochlear. a●. M. j cortic. aurant. ℥ j Win●eran. ℥ ss. baccar juniper. ℥ iv. s●mi●. sinap. ℥ jss. pptis ss. a. affundant. cerevis. plus quam mediocr. lb xuj. Stint per d●em unum aut alterum in infusione; dein bibat pro potu ordinario: Affunde. tamen poterit cerevisia eisdem materialib. ada●●eram vicem.  
With the first opportunity he was desired to purchase this Electuary and to take it as I have here prescribed it, upon Riverius recommendation in the 97th Observation, Cent 2.  
℞ cons. fl tamarisc. capil. vener an. ℥ jss. conserv. rad. enul. ℥ ss. conf. al●erm. ʒiij. sal. absynth tamarisc. an. ʒj. rasur. ebor. pulverisat. spec. diarrhod. Abbot. an. ℈ j syr. capil. vener. q. s. ut. f. opiate. Cujus capiat quantitat. castan. singul. diebus duabus horis ante pastum superbibendo vini enjuslibet generosissimi poculum.  
By the exact use of these things he recovered wonderfully, and attained to his perfect Health in the space of three Months.  
But besides Anasarca's, 'tis almost a wonder that that other sort of Dropsy and Ascites is so rare amongst People of gross enough habits of Body, that drink so much of spirituous Liquors; and they really observe themselves, that such as drink dry Drams (as they call them) seldom escape this misfortune; whereas when their Brandy is tempered with Ship's Beer or rather in Slip or Punch, it becomes a most wholesome and useful Drink, considering their Diet and way of living. For this is it that these dry Drams drank at Sea or a Shoar do, they shrivel all the Membranes and Membranous parts of our Body, by which our Stomaches is made lesle sensible of hunger, and uncapable of performing its office in digesting our Victuals, our Veins, Arteries and Nerves are dried up, so that they are not so easily contracted and bend outwards, which of itself creates old Age, and a thousand other inconveniences: These dry Drams with their lose Spirit, that's so freely put in motion where ever it is, disperses and destroys the native and benign Spirits of our Blood, and so disposes it to a lesser motion. But not to insist upon the infinite misfortunes that attend these dried and withered Vessels, especially the Arteries; how by their not being Contracted and Distended, the Blood may want some considerable determinations in its Motion, the secretions over all the Body may be diminished, and the Liquors separated even not propelled through their proper ducts into their proper Receptacles or sometimes into the Air; but I say, not to insist upon these inconveniences, which are so considerable, that upon them only depends the well being, nay indeed the being at all of the Creature; yet if the Vessels be thus hardened and shrivelled with such spirituous Liquors, Brandy, Plague-Water, etc. they are not at all fitted either to the Motions we are to perform, or the greater or lesser quantity of the Blood; for the Blood must either never be rarefied or possess greater space, or we never change our postures, else these Vessels must break; because, when the Vessels are so hardened, and proceeding, as we may conceive them, in different shapes from the Heart through the whole Body, they cannot remain whole and entire, except they keep the same Posture; but that cannot be, if the parts through which they run change their Posture, and this is changed in every one of their Motions; the same may be alleged of the Blood's taking up more space in its augmentation. But in this hardening of these Vessels we cannot apprehended them to be rigid Bodies, perfectly stiff, and so not to break as matter in that circumstance; yet being harder, and not so pliable as musculous Membranes or parts made up of Fibres and Muscles or Blood Vessels variously interwoven as they originally are; they must be torn in considerable motions or growth of Blood, which emissaries and holes transmit Liquors that can pass the diameters of these small Wounds, and in a quantity proportionable to the resistance the sides of these Holes make to the circulating Blood: So 'tis no wonder if considerable quantities of Serum are thus discharged into the cavity of the Abdomen, Thorax, or on the Brain itself, as it may ouze through these small emissaries upon these places; and make an Ascites, Empyema and Hydrocephalus, which are of a very considerable consequence to deter all excessive drinkers of these lose Spirits, whatever specious names some of them may have.   

Observation XXXIX.  
Adam Wilkins, was troubled for two or three years with a Costiveness, that he almost never went to Stool, but once in four or five days; at last having not been at Stool for a fortnight, he began to have violent Colic pains, a vomiting and a suppression of Urinal, with a prodigious heat upon the Reinss of his Intestins or over all his Belly.  
The Surgeon had given him emollient Clysters of Oils, and decoctions of Plants, gentle Purgatives, and such other things before I saw him, but without the desired success. When I first visited him, he had a most violent pain, and had not slept for a great many Nights. And besides, Hippocrat. his prognostic in his praenotiones, verse 48. Cum Ileosis interceptio est Vrinae cito Mors venit, gave me but little hopes of any advantage that might accrue to him by my help; since our reason as well as the authority of that great Physician makes always this appearance most ominous; for, that the Urinal may be intercepted by the Ileum, this Gut must be so swollen as to compress the neck of the Bladder and adjacent parts, which will be a great and irreparable tumour: And if the tumour is not so great as to compress the neck of the Bladder, but does compress the ureters, both which in their whole length lie immediately under the Ileum, so that the falling of the Urinal into the Bladder is intercepted, it must of necessity cause Death, both because of this swelling of the Ileum, and this interruption in the Urinal which cannot be separated from the Blood. But because we cannot be positively sure of the power and efficacy of our Med'cins, the strength of our Patients, and other circumstances; we are obliged to use our best endeavours while there is life; and therefore I ordered him doubled pieces of Flannel, wet in hot anodyn Fomentations to be applied over his Belly frequently every Day. His Drink was a decoction of Chamomile Flowers with a little white Wine added to it: And to stay his vomiting he had the following mixture.  
℞ sal. absynth. ℈ ij. succ. limon. cochl. ij. M. ut fermentescant, ac bibat priusquam penitus desierit ebullitio.  
This stopped his vomiting for some time, and stronger things as Opium ●●●us morbi asylum, as a learned Doctor ●a●ls it, seemed unreasonable because of the vast inflammation that seemed to be upon his intestins, and the continued Costiveness. I caused eight or ten ounces of an emollient decoction to be injected, to which was added two ounces of vin. emetic. turbide the Clyster came of by itself, but nothing like Excrements. In the evening he took this Bolus both for his Urinal and Costiveness.  
℞ milleped. pptorum, sal. polychrest. an. ʒss. terebinth. venet. q. s. ut f. bolus, quem capiat eco chleari syrup. de alth. Fernel.  
He found himself easier after it, and passed a little Urinal; but all I could contrive was not of a force capable to vanquish his Distemper, for in three days after I saw him, he had an end put to his troublesome days, by, I'm persuaded, a more desirable Death.   

Observation XL.  
Adam Littleton, was taken ill of a vomiting and going to stool for three days; he vomited a gre●● deal of yellow and green stuff, slept little or none, all that time, and was very weak.  
This being a Cholera morbus, which does not at all proceed from any heterogeneous, unconceivable mixture of unnatural and improper ferments with the Blood; but rather from some nasty, sharp stuff lodged in the stomach, by a thousand things that may be antecedent causes to it, which being affixed to its coats, does determine the animal Spirits in its nerves to Convulsions, and by the greater sharpness of this matter affecting the upper part of the stomach, and the pylorus makes this violent vomiting and purging. This matter brought upwards, is thought of some to be sincere bile, contrary to all reason or any thought of how it aught to be supplied: Indeed, the small quantity of bile, that is pressed out of the Gall bladder, and brought into the stomach by this reverse motion, is very capable to colour a great deal of Lympha thats squeezed out of the glands of the stomach, or brought from the Pancreas, and to affect it with its bitterness, without bringing us into a needless necessity of supposing this impossible supply of Bile. Upon the other side, there are some who seeing how closely the Pylorus is shut, in the case of vomiting, will not allow that any Bile can at all be conveyed into the stomach, from the Gallbladder; and would rather have all this quantity to be given from some small glands we may sometimes discover in the stomach, and which contain a yellowish liquor, not very bitter, and of no quantity. But not only the greater quantity we see voided here, and sometimes three or four Mouth fools of pure gall, brought up in the end of an artificial Vomit, convince us clearly that these are not the fountains, and source of so great a provision, wheresoever it is to be brought from: But it were easy to make it very plain, how the Gall is conveyed into the stomach, if this were the proper place; and I will only remember them of something of greater bulk that uses to be conveyed, without dispute, from the Guts, in an Iliack passion.  
Now, since the whole cause of this Disease, is entirely lodged and confined to the Stomach, and he had strength enough left to proceed in the surest method; I resolved to promote the evacuation with something that was no Vomit of itself, but that washing away the sharp stuff lodged in the Stomach, it might be carried of by the common course of vomiting; and when this store was exhausted, the Cure might reasonably be expected to succeed; and therefore I advised him to drink large draughts of Ship's-beer made blood warm, which he did to so great an advantage, that he had not drank and vomited above twice, when his vomiting left of: That evening, tho' he had the following mixture,  
℞ decoct. hoard. ℥ ij. aq. cinam. hordeat. spirit. vin. an ℥ j diascord. fracastor. ʒss. M. ac bibat hora somni.  
He slept very well, and keeping up three or four days, he was purged with ℥ vj. of the purging bitter Draught, and so recovered.   

Observation XLI.  
George Jones, of a thick habit of Body, and about twenty eight years of Age, was troubled with a Dropsy, for a whole year, his Legs and Belly swelled prodigiously; but there were no signs of any Water contained in the cavity of the Abdomen; he had a difficulty of breathing, and his Pulse was weak.  
His Pulse and shortness of breath, gave me but small hopes of his recovery; because, this more especially proceeds from the Mediastinum and Lungs, being too much crowded by an overgrown Liver, which is very often Schirrous or full of purulent matter, and so passed our recovering; yet having declared the danger he was in, to those that were about him; I prescribed him the following Med'cins to be taken in that order as I mention them hereafter.  
℞ elixir. proprietat. ʒss. spirit. C. C. gut. xx. M. ac Capiat. gut. xv. bis in die in pocul. vini cujuslibet merosioris.  
℞ urine. homin. san. lb j. terebinth. venet. vitell. 〈◊〉 solut ℥ jss. sal. prunell. ʒij. f. enem. quo●idie nijiciendum.  
This Clyster, after an hour, came of, with a deal of nasty slimy stuff, and made him voided great quantities of Urinal; by which he was mightily revived; yet, on the fifth day after the beginning of these Med'cins he died. The day before his Death, he had such a violent pain in his Side and shortness of breath, that he could not be easy any way he lay; till about ten hours before he died, his pain vanished, tho' his difficulty in breathing increased, and he always said that he found something break within him; which was not improbable, and it might be his Imposthumated Liver; tho' I can do not more more but suspect so, since I was not there when he died, and the Surgeon did not give himself half an hours trouble for my satisfaction.   

Observation XLII.  
John Lambert, was taken ill, on 28th of August, of a pain in his Neck; he could not spit, he had a difficulty in fetching his Breath, his Eyes were read, he stared and complained of a great heat in those parts.  
'Tis plain that this sickness, I have now described is a Quinsey, and tho' its seat is on the Neck, yet it may be easily apprehended how it affects the Face and Eyes, and might produce many terrible Symptoms by communication with the Brain: For, since the Carotid Arteries and the Jugular Veins creep along the Neck into the Head, they may be asserted and compressed by this inflammation, so that the Blood can neither flow freely into the Brain, nor returning, be carried into the Lungs; but stopping about the Face, must needs make this redness of it and the Eyes, and their fullness of Blood makes that staring, that almost Tonical motion and fixed look; and wheresoever there is a stoppage of Blood there must be Heat and Warmth.  
But to proceed to the Cure, I caused him be let eight ounces of Blood out of his left Arm; and, in six hours after, ten out of the right Jugular; for the reasons I assign in a like case p. 169. of my former Book of Sea sicknesses; by which he was a great deal more easy, that flammeous colour of his Face and redness of Eyes disappeared upon that last bleeding, he was easier in his Breathing, and his Spittle was thinner; next day he took the following Purge.  
℞ decoct. amar. purgant. ℥ iv. syrup. de spin. Cervin. ℥ j M. ac Capiat cras mane cum regimine.  
It purged him twelve times, and had the desired effect to all our satisfaction; and than he began to take of this Lohoch.  
℞ oc. cancr. ppt. ʒj. pulv. fl. papav. rhaead. spermat. cet. non rancid. an ℈ ij. syr. alth. vel mel. puriss. q. s. ut f. eclegma, de quo Capiat sapius indies.  
His Drink was a decoction of Barley sweetened with Honey, which he drank as often, and as much as he pleased. His Purge was renewed, and he recovered his Health, without any more trouble.  
I gave him no Gargarisms, which are always used in such cases; because if I were of opinion that they could be of any use, yet I'm convinced they are of no use, since seldom or never they can reach the part.   

Observation XLIII.  
I— D— Lieutenant of his majesty's Ship the— was taken ill the latter end of March, with a Costiveness, Sleepiness, want of Appetite, and his Skin, especially under his Nails and the Coats of his Eyes were all of a yellow colour.  
There being in this case such a thickness of the Blood, and Gall, that it was not separated in the Liver, nor conveyed into the Gallbladder, but being of an oily substance and swimming on the top of the Blood in the Circulation, and some perhaps, sticking to the Vessels does certainly give this Colour; and it not being discharged from the Gallbladder into the Intestins, neither tinges the Excrements nor contributes towards their excretion; and therefore, that the Blood and Bile might be freed of its viscidity, and its obstructing parts promoted in their motion, I first ordered him a Vomit, and than other Med'cins, the forms whereof I add.  
℞ Tartar. emetic. gr. v. solv. in vin. alb. cochl. ij. ac bibat cum regimine, hauriendo affatim de aqua tepida quolibet intervallo vomitorij nisus.  
This Vomited him six times, and gave him one Stool; next Day he drank this Potion.  
℞ radic. rub. tinctor. chelidon. mayor. an. ʒj. summitat. cent. minor. Card. Benedict fl. chamomil. aa. M. j baccar. junip. ℥ iij. Stint per. biduum in infus. cum. vin. hispanic. lb. vj. bibat cochl. vj. bis in die.  
When he had taken of this, for some Days, his Yellowness went of, he began to Eat with an Appetite, and perfectly recovered.   

Observation XLIV.  
L— P— Commander of his Majesty's Ship the— was taken ill with a want of Appetite, a difficulty in digesting his Victuals, his Excrements were White, never tinctured with Bile, his Urinal was very high coloured, and his Eyes yellow.  
'Tis almost plain that in this weaker secretion of the Bile from the Blood, its want of conveyance into the Intestines, and by its frequent and repeated Circulations with the Blood, that this extraordinary thickness of the Blood, and Bile is to be mended, without having any respect or consideration to the particular ferment, which some Author's fancy, contributes towards the separation of the Bile, in a healthy state, and to be now defective upon this occasion; and because I have proved that Vomiting does contribute powerfully, towards making the Blood more Fluxil, and resolving obstructives especially in the Liver; I ordered him this Vomit next Morning.  
℞ Tartar. emetic. gr. v. solv. in vin. alb. cochl. unic. ac bibat cum Regimine.  
It wrought seven times with him, and made him go twice to Stool; and the Day after he took the following Purge.  
℞ decoct. amar. purgant. cum duplici s●nna ℥ vj. syr. de rhamn. ʒij. M. ac bibat cum Regimine; ac inter jecto die 〈◊〉 vel altero, repetatur ad aliam vi●●m.  
The success answering our expectation, he began to Drink of an Infusion I ordered to be ready for him, against he had taken his Vomit and Purge; and 'twas made thus.  
℞ rad. gentian. rub. tinctor. an ℥ ij. summitat. centaur. minor. absynth. an M. ij. fl. Chamomil. sambuc. genist. an M. j cortic. aurant. sicc. ℥ ss. baccar. junip. ℥ ij. croc. ℈ ij. Injun. bid. in vin. alb. lb. iv. bibat. cochl. v. bis in die.  
By all which, and drinking fifteen drops of Elix. proprietat. in a Glass of White Wine, before Dinner, he recovered perfectly in a fortnight.  
But as I was saying before, it is most pleasant and diverting, to see what absurdities, these patrons of an unreasonable ferment supposed to be lodged in a certain and peculiar part, are brought into; for besides the Chimerical Existence of this Notion evidently made out in the mentioned Book, they are not only obliged to maintain a ferment to separate every one of these ferments in Infinitum in every one of these Solutions; or else to fix upon some single one that was implanted in every one of these Parts, in the beginning, and at the first minute of Generation; which nevertheless must be diminished in part, by its action upon these Liquors it dissolves, melts down and precipitates; and yet it must never be entirely wasted; and if it is entirely exhausted, there can no way be assigned how it is to be recruited and rapaired; but even, if we be sick by any of these Ferments falling from their natural state, they are never to be repaired by the force of any remedy, except it be separated from the Blood, without the help of any ferment, for if no solution can be in the Blood, without the help of a Ferment, neither will any specific medicine give its force to the languishing Ferment; because it is requisite that the specific medicine of every one of these Ferments be derived into their Cells, and that this may be done, it must be mixed with the Blood, and separated from the Blood into these different Cells, and so be mixed with the languishing Ferment; but, by the supposition, there can be no secretion, without a Ferment, and, because the Ferment is decayed, wasted or spent; therefore this specific remedy for recovering this Ferment, cannot be separated from the Blood and mixed with it; wherefore the languishing Ferment can never be repaired by 〈◊〉 specific medicine that is transmitted to the Blood.  
And if it be true, that our Patients by the taking of such Med'cins do recover their Health, we may conclude from hence, that such peculiar and specific Ferments are mere Chimeras, and have no real being, and that the cause of the Disease was not through the defect of any decayed Ferment; since the sick Person does recover his Health, without the Med'cins that they supposed to be the recruiter of the languishing Ferment, arriving at the Ferment itself; and therefore the conclusion is evident, that there are Secretions without a Ferment, and that peculiar Ferments are not lesle confidently than weakly established by their Patrons. I might have easily passed by this, in perfect silence, but that this supposition of a Ferment is such among the Chemists, and of that consequence, that they make the whole Art of Physic turn upon it; and yet 'tis plain to any one how great difficulties they put themselves upon, who maintain and suppose these specific or peculiar Ferments; and with how weak and uncertain a Foundation he's contented with, who sets up with a dependence upon this Doctrine of Ferments.  
The more I reflect upon the way of making Secretions from the different Velocities of the Blood, as it is found asserted in my Oecon. Animal. I do not only think it infinitely to be preferred before this precarious way by specific ferments, but even before any other hitherto alleged, as I have proved at great length: But it seems the most natural in resolving Phaenomena of the Secretions; and the more so, if we consider that it is sufficient and only necessary that the make of a Glandul is such, that the parts of any Liquor that ●lows mixed, but lose, into its Cavity may be derived into the discharging dust; not entirely and in the confused mass, but such and such parts only as come nearer to their separation, by consequence of the different velocities the Liquor has in its departure from the Heart: And we must still more readily assent to this, that we bring into our Memory the common accidents that hap to Blood every Day, by Phlebotomy. The read part of the Blood that seemed to fill up all the Porringer in time of the Operation, does as 'twere contract itself by degrees towards the centre, and removes peace-meal tho' sensibly from the surface, and the growing space which it leaves atop, is filled with a clear Liquor, that congeals upon the Fire, and we commonly call the Serum of the Blood. All this while, the redder part of the Blood which thus contracts itself in the centre of the Vessel, becomes Hard or grows together; and if we hold our Nose and opened Mouth over these Liquors, they sand up such steams that affect our smelling very ungratefully, and created in us a very unpleasant and nauseous Taste. We see here what secretions are performed, without a Ferment? And that That which affects our Tongue, and Nostrils, rises out of the same very Vessel, and offends both these senses with its ungrateful touch; yet this Liquor (which by the buy cannot be thought Homogeneous) is separated from the other Liquors, and without a Ferment to●●; but this Liquor was contained in the Blood, and if it had been brought into a Glandul, fit to receive this invisible steam, it might have been as easily separated in this Glandul without a Ferment, as we see it is separated in the Vessel. And so we might reason about the other parts. But if we conceive 〈◊〉 we aught to do, that this effect of the different velocity can 〈…〉 the same things that the 〈◊〉 degrees of Heat do in a 〈◊〉 Vessel, (for it must not be 〈◊〉 I think that it can make any Chemical preparation, but that these different velocities can dispose the Blood for several Secretions, as the different degrees of Heat can produce several Bodies in the same Vessel:) I say that all this will be most evident and plain to such as can run this Parallel to its proper length.  
From my Lodgings in Great-Suffolk-street near Charin-Cross, Sep. 28. 1696.  
FINIS.    

Books lately Printed for Hugh Newman, at the Grasshopper in the Poultry.  
AN Account of the Nature, Causes, Symptoms and Cure of the Distempers that are incident to Seafaring People. With Observations on the Diet of the Seamen in His Majesty's Navy. By W. C. of the College of Physicians, London: And Physician to the Blue Squadron of his Majesty's Fleet. price 1 s. 6 d.  
Oeconomia Corporis Animalis. Autore Gulielmo Cockburn, Collegii Medic. Lond. Perm. Ac Classis Sereniss. Regis Magnoe Britanniae Medicorum Altero. Octavo, price 1 s. 6 d.  
Chirurgorum Comes; Or, the whole practice of Chirurgery. Begun by the Learned Dr. Read; continued and completed by a Member of the College of Physicians in London. To which is added, by way of Appendix, two Treatises, one of the Veneral Disease, the other concerning Embalming, Octavo, price 6 s.  
Dr. Sydenham's Complete Method of Curing almost all Diseases, and description of their Symptoms. To which are now added, five discourses of the same Author, concerning the Pleurisy, Gout, Hysterical Passion, Dropsy and Rheumatism. Abridged and faithfully Translated out of the Original Latin. With short and useful notes on the former part, written by a late Learned Physician, and never printed before, Twelves, 1 s. 6 d.  
Advice to a Physician: Containing particular directions relating 〈◊〉 the Cure of most Diss●s: With reflections on the Nature and Uses of the most Celebra●●● Remedies. By way of Aphorisms. Done from the Latin.  
Musaeum Regalis Societatis. Or a Catalogue and Description of the Natural and Artificial Rarities belonging to the Royal Society, and preserved at Gresham College. Made by Nehemiah Grew, M. D. Fellow of the Royal Society, and of the College of Physicians. Whereunto is subjoined the Comparative Anatomy of Stomaches and Guts, by the same Author. Illustrated with a great number of Cuts curiously Engraven on Copper Plates. Folio, price 12 s.