GREAT BRITAIN's COASTING-PILOT. The FIRST PART. Being a New and Exact SURVEY of the Sea-Coast OF ENGLAND, FROM THE RIVER of THAMES TO THE WESTWARD, WITH THE ISLANDS of SCILLY, And from thence to CARLISLE. DESCRIBING All the Harbours, Rivers, Bays, Roads, Rocks, Sands, Buoys, Beacons, Sea-Marks, Depths of Water, Latitude, Bearings and Distances from Place to Place, the Setting and Flowing of Tides, with Directions for the knowing of any Place; and how to Harbour a Ship in the same with Safety. With Directions for Coming into the CHANNEL between ENGLAND and FRANCE. By Captain GREENVILE COLLINS Hydrographer in Ordinary to the KING and QUEENS most Excellent Majesties. LONDON: Printed by Freeman Collins, and are to be Sold by Richard Mount Bookseller, at the Postern on Tower-Hill. 1693. HONI SOIT QVI MALY PENSE JE MAIN TIENDRAY Great Britain's Coasting Pilot BEING A NEW SURVEY OF THE Sea Coast By Capt. GREENVILE COLLINS HYDROGRAPHER to their MAJESTIES 1693. Sold by Richard Mount at the Postern on Great Tower-hill LONDON TO HIS SACRED MAJESTY WILLIAM III. OF Great Britain, France, and Ireland KING, THIS SURVEY of the Sea-Coast OF GREAT BRITAIN IS MOST HUMBLY DEDICATED and PRESENTED BY YOUR MAJESTY'S MOST FAITHFUL SUBJECT AND SERVANT, Greenvile Collins. royal blazon or coat of arms W R M R HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE DIEV MON DROIT William R. WILLIAM and MARY, by the Grace of God, King and Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, etc. To all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting. Whereas We are humbly Informed, That our Trusty and Well-beloved Servant, Captain Greenvile Collins, Our HYDOGRAPHER, hath for several Years past, with great Pains and Expense, made a Survey of the Sea-Coast, which will be of great Use and Advantage for the Safety of Navigation, and now being about to publish the same, under the Title of GREAT BRITAIN'S COASTING PILOT, hath humbly besought Us to grant him Our Royal Licence for the sole Printing and Publishing thereof, We have thought fit to condescend to that his Request, and We do accordingly hereby grant Our Royal Licence and Privilege, unto the said Captain Greenvile Collins, his Executors, Administrators, and Assigns, for the sole Printing and Publishing the aforesaid Survey, under the Name and Title of GREAT BRITAIN'S COASTING PILOT, as aforesaid, for the Term of Fourteen Years, to be Computed from the Day of the first setting forth of the same. And Our Royal Will and Pleasure is, and We do hereby Require and Command, That during the said Term of Fourteen Years, no Person or Persons whatsoever, being our Subjects, do presume to Imprint, Engrave, or Publish, or cause to be Imprinted, Engraven, or Published the same, or any part thereof, or to Epitomise the same, and Imprint, Engrave, or Publish it, or any part thereof under the same, or any other Title or Name whatsoever, or to cell the same, or to Import into our Kingdom of England, any Copies thereof Imprinted in any Parts beyond the Seas, upon pain of the Loss and Forfeiture of all Copies so Imprinted, Sold or Imported, contrary to the Tenor of this our Royal Licence, and of such other Penalties, as the Laws and Statutes of this Our Realm will inflict, without the Knowledge Licence, and Consent of him the said Captain Greenvile Collins, his Executors, Administrators, or Assigns; And Our further Will and Pleasure, is, That the Master, Wardens, and Assistants of the Company of Stationers, in Our City of LONDON, do take due Notice hereof, and 'cause the same to be Entered in their Register; And that if Occasion requires, they be Aiding and Assisting unto the said Captain Greenvile Collins, his Executors, Administrators or Assigns, in Searching for and Seizing any Plate or Plates, Print or Prints, or Copies, or Epitomies of the same, or any part thereof. Given at our Court at Kensington the 22th Day of February, 1691/2. in the Fourth Year of our Reign. By his MAJESTY's Command, SIDNEY. The High and Mighty STATES of HOLLAND's PRIVILEGE TO Captain Greenvile Collins 1692. DE Staten van Hollandt en Westurieslandt: done te weten. Alsoo on's vertoont is by Greenvile Collins, Capiteyn van het Jaght van Sijne Koninglijke Majesteyt van Groot Brittagne, end desselfs Hydrogrifus. Dat den Suppliant den tijd van twaelf jaren, naar den anderen met groote naarstigheyt, doende was geweest, am een Boeck van veelderhande Caarten te practiseren en op te stellen, van alle de Zeekusten, Eylanden, Havens, Landen, Ondiepten, end verdere gelegentheden van de Zee ontrent Engelandt, Schotlandt en Yrlandt met den aankleven van dien, by him geintituleert, De Nieuwe Piloot van Groot Brittagne, het welke veel bequamer en distinctelijker was, voor alle Schippers, Pilooten en Zeevarende Persoonen, dan voor henen; Dat den Suppliant daar toe veel moeyten en kosten had aangewent, sijnde deselve ten reguarde van de voorgaande Caarten van de voorsz Zeekusten, e'en heel nieuw en klaar work, noyt te voren soodanig gesien of vytgegeven, gelijk, vyt de voorsz Caarten oogenschijnlijk en klaar konde, gesien en aangewesen word, sijnde den Suppliant van voornemen, it self Caarte-Boek (onder God's hulpe) binnen den tijt van ses Maanden eerstkomende te latin drucken en vytgeven, so in Engelandt in die Taal, als alhier in onsen Land in de Nederduytsche Tael, omme by de Zeevarende Persoonen alhier te Land meed geemployeert te werden, als haar meed seer nodig sijnde: Derhalve keerde hy Suppliant hem tot On's ootmoedelijk versoekende, dat wy hem Suppliant, sijne Erven en Nakomelingen, voor den tijd van 15 eerst achter een volgende jaren geliefde te verlenen Octroy, come in den voorn. onsen Land alleen te mogen latin drucken, vytgeven en verkoopen, het voorsz Caarte-Boek, genaamt de Nieuwe Piloot van Groot Brittagne, in soodanige Talen, Formaet, en met sulk descriptie, vytlegginde en Registers, als hem Suppliant goet duncken soude, en dat op seekere groote poene by on's tegens de Contraventeurs van dien te statueren, en hem daar van te verleenen Octroy in debita forma. SO IS'T; Dat wy de sake ened versoek voorsz overgemerckt hebbende end genegen wesende ter bede van den Suppliant vyt onse rechte Wetenschap, Sovurayne Matched en Authoryteyt, den Suppliant, sijne Erven en Nakomelingen geconsenteert, geaccordeert geoctroyeert hebben consenteren, accorderen en octroyeren mits desen, dat hy geduerende den tijdt van vijftien eerst achter eenvolgende jaren, het voorsz Caarte-boek genaamt De Nieuwe Piloot van Groot Brittagne, binnen den voorn. onsen Land alleen sal mogen latin drucken, vytgeven en verkoopen; verbiedende daarom allen end eenen ygelijken het self Caarte-boek in it geheel oft deel in eenigerhande formaet, en met sulk discriptie, vytlegginge en Registers, en Talen, naar te drucken, oft elder naargedrukt binnen den voorn. onsen Land te brengen, vyt te geven oft te verkoopen, op verbeurte van alle de naargedrukte, ingebrachte oft verkochte Exemplaren, end e'en boete van dry hondert guldens daar en boven te verbeurens, te appliceren een derde part voor den Officier die de calange done sal, een derde part voor den armen der plaatses daar het casus voor vallen sal, en het resterende derde part voor den Suppliant. End dat hy gehouden sal zijn, een Exemplaar vaned voorsz Caarte-boek gebonden, en well geconditioneert te brengen in de Bibliotheeck van onse Universiteyt tot Leyden, end daar of behoorlijkt te doenblijcken, op poene van het effect van desen te verliesen. End ten eyende den Suppliant desen onsen Consent en Octroye moge genieten als naar behoorens. Lasten wy allen en eenen ygelijken die it aangaan mag, dat sy den Suppliant van den innehouden van desen, done, latin, en gedogen, rustelijk, uredelijk en volkenomtlije genieten en gebruyken, cesserende alle belet ter contrary. Gedaan in den Hage onder onsen grooten Zegele, hire aan done hangen den 28 Maart in it Jaerons' Heeren en Zaligmakers duysent ses hondert eenen t'negentigh. ut. A. HEINSIUS, Ter Ordonnantie vande Staten Simon van Beaumond. TO THE MASTER, WARDENS and ASSISTANTS OF THE TRINITY-HOUSE OF Deptford-Strond. Right Honourable and Right Worshipful, WHEN first His Majesty King CHARLES the Second, was pleased to make Choice of me for Surveying the Sea-Coast, I than, as in Duty bound (being a younger Brother) did acquaint you with it, and most humbly laid the Proposals before you; whereupon you were pleased not only to approve of them, but did most bountifully Advance towards the Charge of the WORK, which being now finished, with all Submission and Gratitude, I assume the boldness to present these Effects of my Seven Years Industry to your Protection and Patronage. If at any Time there should be made new Discoveries of any Rocks or Shelves, that are not yet known; or that Sands shall change their Situation (as often they do) I shall be ready by your Advice and Commands (by God's Blessing) to make a further Progress in this Survey. I could hearty wish that it might be so ordered by your Corporation, that all Masters of Ships, both using foreign and home Voyages, might be encouraged to bring you in their Journals, and a Person appointed to Inspect them, which would be a great Improvement of Navigation, by imparting their Observations and Discoveries of the true Form and Prospect of the Sea-Caost, with all Harbours, Rivers, Bays, Islands, Creeks, Sands, and Rocks, and other dangerous Places, with the Setting and Flow of Tides, and Currants, with the Variation of the Compass; by which means, in a few years, we might have much more exact Sea-Charts and Maps; and for want of such a Method, we have lost many Excellent Discoveries, to the unaccountable loss of Navigation. And that those Persons that make and cell Sea-Charts and Maps, were not allowed to altar them upon the single Report of Mariners, but with your Approbation, by which means our Sea-Charts would be more Correct, and the common Scandal of their badness removed, that God may prospero all your Generous and Charitable Undertake; which that they may always succeed the greatest Advantage possible of all their Majesty's Subjects, is the constant hearty Wish and Prayer of Your most humble and most obedient Servant and younger Brother, GREENVILE COLLINS. Deptford, Febr. 24. 1693. THE PREFACE TO THE READER. To my Fellow Mariners of GREAT BRITAIN. GENTLEMEN, HIS most Excellent Majesty King CHARLES the Second, who was a great Lover of the Noble Art of NAVIGATION, finding that there were no Sea-Charts or Maps of these Kingdoms but what were Dutch, and Copies from them, and those very erroneous, his Majesty out of his great Zeal for the better Improvement of Navigation, was pleased in the Year 1681. to give me the Command of a Yatch for the making this Survey; in which Service I spent Seven years' time. The Intent of this Survey is only to give Directions to Mariners to Sail alongst the Coast of Great Britain, and how to carry a Ship into any Harbour, River, Port, Road, Bay, or Creek with safety, and how to avoid all Dangers known. It sometimes happens, and that too frequently, that when Ships which have made long and dangerous Voyages, and are come home richly Laden, have been shipwrecked on their Native Coast, whereby both Merchants, Owners and Mariners have been impoverished. All our Neighbours will acknowledge that no Nation abounds more with skilful and experienced Seamen than our own, none meeting a Danger with more Courage or Bravery; none taking more Care, or use more Circumspection to prevent it, or are more laborious to overcome it: But we cannot expect that the Master and Mates of every Ship should be acquainted with all the Coasts and Harbours of Great Britain, into which they may be accidentally obliged to Enter. Sometimes it happens, that in long Voyages the Master and the most knowing Men die, and the Ship is brought into sight of Land by those who have skill enough to conduct the Ship at Sea, but are wholly unacquainted with the Coasts and Harbours, or having but little Knowledge, dare not trust to it; in such Cases, and to such Persons, this Survey will serve in the room of a Pilot. As many Ships are lost by Ignorance and Negligence, as by stress of Wether, so a Master of a Ship hath a very great Charge, and aught to be a sober Man, as well as a skilful Mariner: All helps of Art, Care, and Circumspection are to be used by him, that the Lives of Mariners (the most useful of their Majesty's Subjects at this Juncture) and the Fortunes of honest Merchants under his Care, may be preserved. To supply the Defects of which, I have been Employed by their Majesty's Predecessors, and Encouraged by Ingenious and Noble Benefactors; and as I have hitherto made it my Business to make those true Figures of our Coasts and Harbours so to serve my Country, I shall not be wanting to give them such Additions and Amendments as I shall found hereafter needful: Wishing you always happy and successful Voyages, and safe Returns, with Prosperity to the Nation and its Forces by Sea and Land, that as we have been hitherto, so we may even be at home Sovereigns of the Seas, and Umpiers of the Differences betwixt our Neighbours abroad, which as it is every good man's Wish, so is it the constant hearty Prayer of GREENVILE COLLINS. ☞ Note that in the Year 1685 I found the Variation at D M Edinbrough 6 00 Aberdeen 6 30 Cromertie Orkney Isles 7 00 Shetland Isles 1693 at Greenwich 6 30 Westerly The same through England to a small matter which I advice all Seamen to allow in their Courses. The NAMES of those Persons that Encouraged this WORK by Subscription, and Advancing money towards the Charge and Printing thereof for the Public Good. KIng CHARLES the Second. King JAMES the Second. King WILLIAM the Third. Prince GEORGE. A. EArl of Arran, Scotland. Sir John Ashby Admiral of the Blue. Sir Samuel Astry, Glostershire. City of Aberdeen, Scotland. Mr. Thomas Alcock, Bristol. Mr. William Anguish, Purser in the Navy. Capt. Jonthan Andrews, Kenton-Park. B. DUKE of Beaufort. Earl of Berkley Vice-Admiral of the Blue. William Blathwaite Esq. Secretary of War. Arnold Browne Esq. Stepney. Sir John Barlow, Wales. John Boscaven Esq. Cornwall. Capt. James Bonnell, London. Thomas Baker Esq. Consul at Algiers. Mr. John Bulfinch, Wapping. Capt. Robert Bristol. Capt. John Bowers, Rotheriff. Capt. William Bond, Rotheriff. Capt. Hopfor Bendall, Stepney. C. MArquess of Carmarthan. Earl of Clarendon. City of Chester. Capt. John Clements in the Navy. Sir John Clayton, Parsons-Green. Capt. Anthony Crow in the Navy. Mr. Robert Castell, Deptford. Sir Arthur Chichester, Devonshire. Capt. Thomas Cole in the Navy. Capt. James Conaway, Limehouse. Mr. John Colson, Goodmans-fields. Mr. Thomas Cullum, London. D. EArl of Derby. Earl of Danby. Lord Dartmouth. Trinity-House of Deptford Strand. William Davies Vice-Admiral of the Red. Sir Ralph Delaval Admiral. Edmund Dunmar Esq. Surveyor of the Navy. Mr. Robert Dawson, Greenwich. Capt. Robert Dorrell London. Mr. Samuel Deane, London. E. CIty of Edinbrough. Mr. Thomas Enys, Penrin. Capt. Benjamin England, Wapping. Walter Etrick, Sunderland. Capt. Thomas Ekins of Silly. F. JOhn Flamsteed M. R. Greenwich. Mr. Joseph Fownes Clerk of the Check Deptford. Capt. William Falsby in the Navy. Capt. John Frost, London. G. DUKE of Grafton. Capt. Christopher Gunman in the Navy. Sir Thomas Grantham, London. Mr. John Gayar, London. Sidney Codolphin Esq. Cornwall. Capt. Nicholas Goodridge, London. Capt. Charles Gibson, London. H. SIR Richard Haddock controller of the Navy. Trinity-House, Hull. Town of Harwich. Capt. Thomas Hobson in the Navy. Capt. Thomas Harlow in the Navy. Mr. Peter Hallimore, Penrin. Mr. James Harle, Penrin. Mr. Benjamin Hatley, London. Capt. William Heath, Limehouse. Mr. Robert Henly, Bristol. I. SIR Henry Johnson, Blackwall. Mr. Jeffry Jeffrys, London. K. EArl of Kent. Sir Peter Killigrew, Cornwall. Henry Killigrew Admiral. Mr. James Kemp, Penrin. Mr. John Kent, London. Mr. Philip Keale, Penrin. Killingworth. L. Sir John Lowther Commissioner of the Admiralty. Rowland Langherne Esq. Wales. Town of Liverpoole. Capt. Edward Ledger, London. William Lownds Esq. Westminster. Mr. Thomas Lane Merchant. Mr. Gyles Lytcot, London. M. EArl of Manchester. Sir Humphrey Mackworth, London. Capt. John Marr of Dundee. Capt. Thomas Monk in the Navy. Mr. Richard Mount Bookseller, London. Capt. Erby Montague, Westminster. N. DUKE of Norfolk. Sir Dudley North. Trinity-House, Newcastle. Mr. John Newman, Penrin. Sir Walter Norris, Penrin. John Nance Esq. Cornwall. Town of Newcastle. O. DUKE of Ormond. Sir Hugh Owen, Wales. Arthur Owen Esq. Wales. Capt. William Oxton, London. P. EARL of Portland. Hector Philip's Esq. Wales. Sir Peter Pett, London. Capt. Peter Pickard in the Navy. Samuel Pett Esq. Battersey. Sir Philip Parker, Suffolk. Capt. Samuel Philip's, London. Mr. Samuel Park, Ipswich. Capt. Peter Paggon, London. Mr. James Pearla Jun. Westminster. R. SIR Richard Rooth, Kingsale Sir George Rook Vice-Admiral Jonathan Rashley Esq. Cornwall Sir Robert Robinson in the Navy Colonel Jacob Richards John Romsey Esq. London Sir Paul Rycaut, London S. Charles' Sargison Esq. Commissioner of the Navy Sir Henry Shere Kt. Kent Sir Robert Southwell, Kings-weston Capt. Ralph Sanderson in the Navy Capt. George St. Lo in the Navy George Spry Esq. Cornwall John Sansom Esq. London James Southern Esq. Secretary of the Admiralty Sir Cloudsley Shovel Admiral Mr. Nathaniel Symons, Yarmouth Joseph Saul Esq. Cornwall T. LOrd Viscount Torbet, Scotland Capt. Richard Travaion Sir Jonathan Trelawny Lord Bishop of Exon Capt. John Tyrrel in the Navy Sir Jos. Tredenham, Cornwall Mr. John Tucker, Westminster Mr. William Tregea, Cornwall Mr. Thomas Taylor, London V. JOhn Vivian Esq. Cornwall Henry Vincent Esq. Cornwall W. SIR Francis Wheeler in the Navy Colonel John Windham, Sarum Capt. Laurence Wright in the Navy Sir Christopher Wandesford, Yorkshire Mr. Willnam Worth, Penrin Mr. Thomas Worth, Penrin Sir William Williams, Wales Mr. Thomas Weedon, London Capt. William Wright in the Navy Mr. Reeve Williams, London Capt. Thomas Warren, London Capt. Andrew Wardlow, Rotheriff Y. EARL of Yarmouth Mr. Robert Yates, Bristol Town of Yarmouth GREAT BRITAIN'S COASTING PILOT. The Explanation of some Marks in the Sea-Charts. 4/1 THE Depths of Water are all put down at Low-water on Spring Tides, as you may see in the Chart going into Foy, Number 17. there you will found that the lest water going into that place is three Fathom. But where you found a Line drawn between two Figures, as in the Margin, which is used not where but at such places as there is not three Fathom at Low-water. As for Example; At the going into Rye, as you may see in the Chart, Number 8. there on the Bar you found the Figure 4 above the Line, which showeth that there is four Fathom at High-water: Than under the Line there is the figure 1, which showeth that there is but one Fathom at Low-water on a Spring Tide. 18/6f But for more exactness, the depths of water on some Bars, where there is but little water, there the depths are set down in Feet at High and Low-water; and to be known from Fathoms, there is the Letter f placed by them, as in the Margin, as you may see in the Chart going into Exmouth, Number 14. there you found, as in the Margin, that there is 18 foot at High-water, and 6 foot at Low-water. ☽ Where you shall see a Halfmoon, as in the Margin, placed by or on any Rock or Sand, it signifieth that such a Rock or Sand is to be seen at the Half-tide; that is, from half Ebb to half Flood, as you may see in the Chart of Falmouth, Numb. 18. There is a Rock in the Harbour's mouth, called Falmouth Rock, and hath a Pole on it to show where it is overflowed, and by it you will see a Halfmoon. → Where you shall see an Arrow, as in the Margin, it showeth that the Tide of Flood, or part of it, running the same way the Arrow pointeth, as you may see in the Chart of the Isle of Wight and Chester-Bar. It may be expected that I should have given Directions for Sailing from the River of Thames over the Flats into the Downs; and likewise from the River Thames down the Swim and the King's Channel, and so into the Downs: But upon consideration that these Places are under the Care of Pilots, and for the constant supply of them, the Trinity-House of Deptford Strand have taken care that there be a sufficient number of them, both for great and small Ships, I have put the Sands down in the Sand-Chart from the Thames into the Downs, and from the Thames to the Buoy of the Gunfleet, as they were most carefully surveyed by Trinity-House, and all the rest of the Charts is my own Survey. Directions to Sail from the Downs to the Westward. Dunginness. FRom the South Foreland to Dunginness, the Course South west by south six Leagues. Dunginness is a low Beachy-point, on which is a Light-house; this place is very bold, you may keep within nine and ten Fathom of it close by the shore. There is good Anchoring on the East side with a westerly wind, if the wind be contrary, and that you should turn to windward from Dover to the Ness, there lieth a Sand called the Riprap Riprap. in the Midway between Dover and the French shore. The shoalest part of it beareth from Dover south, and south by east, and from Calis Cliffs west by south. It lieth in length North east and south west, both ends pointing the English Coast in length about four Leagues, but very narrow; there is on it at Low-water fifteen foot. There lieth another small Sand between this and Dover, called the Gunman-Sand, where is but twelve foot at Low-water, and lieth from the South Foreland South about five or six miles, and is not above two miles over; it lieth North east and South west; you have five and six Fathem close to it all round, and twenty Fathom between it and the Riprap. Rye. To the westward of Dunginness lieth Rye Harbour; it is a Bar-place, but the water riseth three and four Fathom. On the east side, going in, there are two white Beacons on the Beach, which you keep together till you bring the Leadings Marks together, than run in. When you are in the Harbour you will have no lesle than fifteen and sixteen foot at Low-water, as you may see in the Chart, Number 8. where the going in is so plainly demonstrated, that you need have no other Directions. As you Sail from Rye to Beachy, keep not near the shore, when you come thwart of Pemsey; Pemsey Shoal. for there lieth a small Stone-bank on which is but eleven and twelve foot at Low-water. The Mark for it is Beachy North west, and Pemsey Castle North half east. Beachyhead. From Dunginness to Beachyhead the Course is West south west about nine Leagues. Beachy is a high steep white Chalk Cliff: To the westward of which lieth the seven white Chalkey Cliffs, called the Seven Cliffs, Seven Cliffs. and are very remarkable. Some say there lieth a Shoal right of of Beachyhead, but I could not found it; however, it may be a small Spot, and hard to found, therefore the best way is not to come too near it. Cuckmore Haven. Cuckmore Haven lieth four miles to the westward of Beachyhead, and is a Bar Harbour, not having above six foot at Low-water, and thirteen and fourteen at High-water. When you are in, you lie dry at Low-water. This place sometimes by storms is stopped up with the Beach, and by great Land-floods is opened again. New-Haven. New-Haven is another small Bar-place, and lieth eight or nine miles to the westward of Beachy, only fit for small Vessels. Shorum. Shorum lieth between six and seven Leagues to the westward of Beachy, and is a Bar-place; but better than Cuckmore and New-Haven: The Bar often shifts. There are Beacons to run in by: when you are in, there is nine foot at Low-water. Here are many good Ships built. Bright-Hempston. Bright-Hempston is a Town that standeth by the Seaside on a Beach. There are many Vessels belong to it, which they heap up with Crabs on the dry Beach. This place lieth four miles to the eastward of Shorum. Arundel. Arundel lieth ten Leagues to the westward of Beachy, and four short Leagues to the westward of Shorum, and is a Tide-Haven: where at High-water and Half-flood Ships go in, keeping the Westside aboard; and being in, may there ride afloat. I might have said more of these Bar-Harbours, but I leave it to Coasters, and do not recommend it to Strangers, they being Harbours of little Trade or Resort. East-barrow-heads. From Beachy to the Isle of Wight the Course is West south west eighteen Leagues. When you Sail from Beachy to the Isle of Wight, you must have a great care of the East-barrow-heads and the Owers; which lie seven Leagues to the Eastward of the Isle of Wight, and four Leagues from the shore. The East barrow-head lieth from Arundel south by west four Leagues, on which is but ten foot at Low-water, and is about three miles in length south and north, and about two miles broad east and west. A mile north by east from this Bank lieth another shoal called the Little East-barrow-head, and is about two miles in length north and south, and a mile broad, having but nine foot at Low-water, and beareth north west from Chichester Church-Spire, and two miles to the northward of these lie a small parcel of Rocks, called Kingman-Rocks, and lie four mile's south by west from the going into Arundel. You have five Fathom between them and the shore. Owers. The Owers lie south south east from Chichester Spire, and four Leagues from the shore, and about four long Leagues or five League's east from Bendridge Point on the Isle of Wight; there length is north east and south west, about three Leagues, and about three miles broad in the middle, and narrow at each end, and dry at Low-water. There lieth another shoal on the inside of this, the north end of it dries at Low-water: Between which and the shore is another Shoal lying in length as the Owers do, called the Mixens, and lieth from Selsey Point about two mile's south. There is a Channel between the Owers and the Mixens, but it being of no use but to those that are very well acquainted, I will not give any Directions to Sail through them, nor within them. There lie some other Banks within them, which I forbear to speak of them. The only and chief end of my business is to give good Directions how to avoid these shoals, that have proved so fatal to many Ships. There are very good Marks to avoid them, if you keep Dunnose west, you run a good birth without them; there is twelve Fathom water close to them; keep in eighteen Fathom and you will not be in any danger of them. How Ships are lost on the Owers. The great reason why so many Ships have fallen in on these Shoals, is the great Indraught of the Tide setting strong into St. Helen's eight hours or more; the latter part of the Flood sets into St. Helen's. My advice is, That when you are near this place in the night time, or thick weather, to be very careful, and keep your Lead well: In little Wind or Calms you shall be drawn in here to admiration, by the strong Indraught, which if you found, Anchor in time. Chichester. To the eastward of the Owers is the going into Chichester, and very difficult; therefore I advice none but them that are acquainted to go in there without a Pilot. Directions for Sailing into the East end of the Isle of Wight, called St. Helen's. COming from the Eastward, come not nearer the Owers than eighteen Fathom water, and keep the Culver Cliff or Swan Cliff west north west, which is a high steep white Chalkey Cliff, as you may see in the making of the Lands, Number 35. and is two miles from Benbridge Point, which is the eastermost Point of the Island. Being come within a League of the Swan Cliff, or thereabouts, than steer in for St. Helen's, and have a care of the Spit that lieth away to the eastward from Benbridge Point; when the Swan Cliff is hid behind Benbridge Point, than are you within it, as you may see in the Chart, Number 9 you may run over this Spit in five and 6 Fathom water. If you will Anchor in St. Helen's Road, St. Helen's Road. bring St. Helen's Church west south west, and Anchor in five, six, seven, or eight Fathom water. There is a small Owsey Bank in St. Helen's Bay, which hath but fourteen foot at Low-water on it, and is called the Warner, which beareth N. E. from St. Helen's Church. Being in St. Helen's Road, and that you would go in for the Spithead, you will see a leading Mark, which is Gilkicker, a white Tower by the Seaside and Stoke-Church, one in the other; but the best of the Channel, between the Horse and Nomans' Land, is to keep the said Church just open to the southward of Gilkicker, and Anchor at the Spithead, Spithead. bring the small Village called ride by the Seaside on the Isle of Wight to bear west south west, and Gilkicker north west, than you may Anchor in the best of the Road, at the Spithead, To Anchor at the Spithead. which is a very good Road, and clean Ground, where the Royal Navy many times ride. The Horse Marks for the Horse. is hard Ground, and in some places not above seven foot water at Low-water; when the great white Patch on Portsmouth Down is on south Sea-Castle, than are you within it; keep Portsmouth Church-steeple on a small Redoubt which is like a Dove-house, and standeth on the East-side of Portsmouth: these two in one will carry you close by the Horse in five and six Fathom water. The eastward part of this great Bank is called the Dean. Dean. When the Windmill on the Isle of Wight beareth south west by west, than are you abreast the Buoy of the Horse. Nomans' Land. The Thwart-Mark for the Spit of Nomans' Land, Nomans' Land. is to bring the Windmill on the Isle of Wight between the south west and the south west by west, than will the said Mill be just over a square Field by the Waterside; which said Mill, if you keep sight of it, will carry you clear of Nomans' Land; but if the Mill is hid by the Land, than will you run aground on the said Spit. This Mark will carry you up into Cow's Road: But for Anchoring in Stoaks-Bay, going up into Hamton water, or to Sail up to Yarmouth, I refer you to the Chart, which is so plain, that there needs no Directions. If you have occasion to turn from St. Helen's Whento turn into St. Helen's. into the Spithead, have a care of Nomans' Land, which is steep too; you will have twelve Fathom, and next Cast a shore; but on the Horse you may stand into eight or nine Fathom, and turn the Church a little open of each side of Gilkicker. There are several other Marks in the Chart, which I refer you to, that I will not mention, as being needless. All within the Isle of Wight is good safe Anchoring. Being in Yarmouth Road, and that you would Sail out of the Needles, How to Sail out of the Needles. steer away for Hurst Castle, which place is very steep; being passed the Castle, steer away for the Needles, which are sharp white Rocks; giving a birth to some Rocks that lie of from the Island side, in the fair way between the Castle and the Needles, you must keep close to the Needles. The Tide of Ebb setteth on the Shingles, which are hard Stones. The Flood setteth on the Needles. To Sail into the Needles; How to Sail into the Needles. you will know the going in by the high white Land which is the west end of the Isle of Wight; run boldly in with the Land, till you see the Needle You may Sail within a Ships length of the Needles. Rocks, and than keep close to them, observing the Tides, as in the Directions coming out. Note, that there is a strong Indraught that sets in at the Needles, Indraught into the Needles. and into Pool; which Indraught hath hauld many Ships into Freshwater Bay. But I think it, and I am very sure, that no Ship can run ashore in Freshwater Bay, if they did but mind the Lead; the neglect of which hath been the loss of many Ship. Keep in five and twenty and thirty Fathom water, and you need not fear the Indraught of the Wight. Christ-Church. Christ-Church Christ Church. is a Bar-place, where small Vessels run in at High-water. This place lieth seven miles to the westward of Hurst Castle. Pool. Pool Pool. is a Bar-Haven, and lieth five Leagues to the westward of the Needles, or Isle of Wight, where Ships Sail in with a High-tyde. There is good Anchoring in Studland-Bay, Studland Bay. which lieth between the Entrance of Pool Haven and Studland Point; and Sandwich-Bay lieth between Studland Point and Peverly Point, where is good Anchoring for westerly Winds. I have not as yet surveyed Pool Harbour, but 'tis intended God-willing. From Peverly Point to the westward the Land is high, and is called the High-land of St. Alban. About two Leagues or more to the westward of Peverly Point Foul Ground & Shoal-water between Peverly Point and Waymouth. is Kembridge Ledge, and lieth of from the shore south by east into the Sea a mile and half of, and hath at that distance but six foot at Low-water, and three quarters of a mile of thirteen foot, and a mile of four Fathom. There is another Ledge that lieth right of from St. Albans-head, about three quarters of a mile of shore, and hath but twelve foot at Low-water, and lieth between Kembredge Ledge and Peverly Point. Lulworth. Four Leagues to the westward of Peverly Point is a small Cove called Lulworth, Lulworth. where small Vessels may Ride. Portland Road. Portland Road P●rt●and R●ad. is a most excellent good Road for westerly and southerly Winds, very good holding clear Ground. As you Sail into Portland Road, you must have a care of a Shoal called the Shambleses, Shambleses which hath but fourteen foot water at Low-water, as you may see in the Draught of Portland, Number 12. Bring Waymouth Castle just on the eastward part of Portland, and that will bring you just on the edge of it in three Fathom and a half; than will the Bill of Portland bear west by north: But if you keep the said Castle and Point a Sails breadth open, it will carry you clear. You may Anchor in Portland Road from five Fathom to ten Fathom, bringing the eastward part of Portland to bear south and south by east, and south south east. You may Sail close by the Land of Portland from the Bill into the Road. Waymouth. Waymouth Waymouth is a Bar-Haven, where at Low-water there is but six foot, and the Tides rise but six and seven foot on a Spring; within the Bar is a small Hole, where there is nine foot at Low-water: and those Vessels that lie by the Keys before the Town, lie dry at Low-water. There is good Riding in Waymouth Road. Race of Portland. The Race of Portland Race of Portland. is a great rippling of the Tides, caused by the unevenness of the Ground at the bottom, called Overfalls; and when the Sea is high, and the Tides strong, it breaketh in great Seas, and one that is a stranger would think that there were shoal-water. This rippling or Race beginneth a mile to the westward of the Bill, about a mile and a half or two mile of; and runneth to the eastward as far as St. Alban. There is good Anchoring to the westward of Portland for easterly Winds. Lime. Lime, Lime. a small Peer called Lime-Cobb, where Vessels lie aground at Low-water. This Place lieth six or seven Leagues to the westward of Portland. Exmouth-Bar. Exmouth-Bar Exmouth. lieth fifteen Leagues to the westward of Portland, and three or four Leagues to the northward of Torbay; the going into this Place is very narrow, having Rocks on the east side, and Sand on the west side. At Low-water there is but six and seven foot on the Bar; but at High-water sixteen and eighteen foot water. Here are always Pilots ready to come of; and I advice no man to venture into that Place without a Pilot. Being over the Bar, there is a Place called Star-Cross, Star Cross. where Ships commonly ride afloat in ten and twelve foot at Low-water. But such Ships as go up to the Town of Topsham Topsham. lie aground at Low-water, from whence their Goods is carried up in Lighters through Sluices to the City of Exon. Exon. Tinmouth. Tinmouth Tinmouth. lieth between Torbay and Exmouth, and is a Tyde-Haven where small Vessels use; and had formerly a great Trade to Newfoundland. Torbay. Torbay Torbay. is a large Place, very good and clear ground to Anchor in, especially for westerly and southerly Winds, provided they be not to the eastward of the South. You may Anchor so far, as to bring the Berry south south east. Here are two Peers in this Bay where small Vessels lie aground, Brixham on the south side, and Tarkey on the north side. Here the Royal Navy rides in safety. Dartmouth. Dartmouth Dartmouth. lieth two Leagues to the westward of the Berry or Torbay; the going in is very narrow between two high Lands; in the narrow it is but just a Cables length over. On the west side is a Castle, and on the east side a Block-house. The going in and out at this Place is very dangerous, except the Wind blow right in, which are southerly Winds: for if the winds be either easterly or westerly, than the high Lands which lie of each side, cause Overflows and Calms, sometimes blowing in, and presently right out again, which hinders a Ship in turning in and out, by putting them astays unawares. There are always Boats ready to come of, which are good Boats to row, and are called Two-boats, and are very serviceable in towing ships in and out, and to tow them astays; without which Boats it is very dangerous going in and out. The northerly Winds blow right out, and the southerly Winds right in; but the easterly and westerly Winds blow with Flaws and Calms in and out. Being in, it is a most excellent good Harbour, and can contain the Navy Royal. There is good Anchoring without the Harbour's mouth in the Road, called Dartmouth-Range. Dartmouth Range. From Darmouth to the Start Start. there is a Bay, and the shore bold, only there lieth a small Rock half a mile or more of of the Start. The Start is a low ragged Point rising from the Sea high into the Land. From the Start to the Praul Praul. the Course is west north west, about a little League; and from the Praul to the Boulthead west north west, two miles. Between these two Heads is the going into Salcomb, Salcomb. which is a Bar-Harbour, on which there is nine foot at Low-water, and four Fathom at High-water, and more. Being in, there is very good Anchoring in the Bag at three, four, and five Fathom water at Low-water. The Boulthead is very high Land. The Entrance into Salcomb is very narrow between the Old Castle and the Black Stone, being not above three quarters of a Cables length over, as you may see in the Chart, Number 6. The Block Stone showeth at Low-water, or the last quarter Ebb. It floweth here at Full and Change at six of the Clock. Plymouth. Plymouth Pl●mouth. lieth between the Start and Ramhead, where is a large Sound, called Plymouth Sound, Plymouth Sound. and lieth a mile to the eastward of the Ramhead. Here is a sunk Rock in the Sound, called the Shovel, where is but sixteen foot water at Low-water, as you may see in the Chart of Plymouth, Number 16. the west side of it is the best sailing in. The common Mark Marks to Anchor in the Sound. for to Anchor in the best Ground in the Sound, is to bring Mount Edgcom-house just open, and Withy-hedge right up and down, as you may see in the Chart on the east side. There lieth another Rock near the Shagstone, called the Tinkers-shears or Swiftsure, and hath seventeen foot at Low-water. Catwater. Catwater Catwater. is a good Place, where Ships ride that are bound to the westward; going in, there lieth a Buoy against Mount Batten; you Sail in close by the west side of the Buoy: Being in, you must haul out a good Anchor well over to Mount Batten side; for want of so doing many Ships have driven ashore on Catdown side. There is a Place within the Citadel and Barbigan, called Sutton Pool, Sutton-Pool. where Ships lie aground on soft Oaze at Low-water, by the Keys side before the Town of Plymouth. Ham-Oaze. Ham-Oaze. Ham-Oaze. is a Place where Ships ride that are bound to the eastward. To Sail into Ham-Oaze, you must give the Island a great birth, keeping in the fair way between the Island and Mount Batten, till you have opened Mount Edgcomb within the Island; than stand away with Mount Edgcomb between the Island and the Main, giving a birth to German-Rock, which lieth on the Starboard side going into the Narrow. You must have a care that you do not go in here when the Tide of Ebb is made strong out, for it will set your Ship ashore on Mount Edgcomb side. There lieth a Ledge of from Passage-Point going into Ham-Oaze, of which you must have a care: being in, you may Anchor where you please. Just above Froward-Point is a most excellent Dock and Yard, Kings-Dock. built for the use of the Navy. Ships may Anchor between the Island and the main Close under the Island. Yalme-water Yalme-water. is a place where is two and three Fathom water at Low-water, but very seldom made use of; it floweth here at Full and Change east by north. Eddy-stone. The Eddy-stone Eddy-stone lieth south south west from Plymouth-Sound; the north west part of it is above water (at a high Springtide) about six or seven foot high; the north west side is bold and steep, but the south south east part of it is foul about half a mile at Low-water; there are several Rocks show themselves above water. This Rock lieth from the Start west a little southerly, and from Ram-head south by west. A little westerly, about three Leagues or rather more from Ram-head, you have twenty Fathom water close by Ram-head; and between the Head and the Eddy-stone thirty five and thirty six Fathom water; and in the Stream of the Eddy-stone forty Fathom. Keep without forty Fathom water, and you cannot come foul of the Eddy-stone. It is High-water here at the Stone when it is High-water at Plymouth; from the Start to the Lizard in the Offing, it floweth half Tide, Half-tyde that is, south east by east: It is half Flood at Plymouth before the Flood getteth to the eastward in the Offing. Loo. East and West-Loo Loo. are two small Towns, which lie three Leagues to the westward of Ram-head; you may know the Place by a high Island that lieth a little to the westward of the going in to the Harbour, which is a Bar, where are many small Vessels and Fisher-boats, which lie dry at Low-water: you have at High-water commonly ten foot going in; you may Anchor before the Town in a wild Road. Directions for Sailing into Fowey or Foy. FOY lieth four Leagues north east from the Deadman, and two miles to the westward of a great Bay called St. Blazey-Bay, Predmouth-Point being the west side of the Bay. There lieth a Ledge of Rocks south east about half a mile from the said Point, called the Canneys, and show themselves above water at half-Tyde: there is but seven and eight foot water within them at Low-water. From these Rocks to the going into Foy the shore is bold. Keep the Deadman without the Winhead-Rock, and it will carry you clear of the Canneys. Foy. Foy Foy. may be very easily known, lying in between two high Lands; on the west side the going in, is an old Church and Castle, and on the east side the Ruins of an old Church, as you may see by the making of it in the Draught of Foy, Number 17. The going in is a Cables length over from side to side, and no danger; when you are in, you may Anchor before the Town, or run up above the Town. In the time of the Dutch War, in the Year 1666. there was above sixty Sail of Virginia Ships put into this Harbour. This Place lieth north east and south west in and out, which makes it a better Outlet to the westward than Plymouth or Falmouth. And whereas it hath been reported to be a Bar-Harbour, and that you cannot enter till half Tide, I do assure you that there is no lesle than three Fathom at Low-water at a Springtide: here you may lie ashore to Wash, Tallow, stop Leeks. The Springtides rise and fall sixteen and seventeen foot; and it is High-water here at Full and Change half an hour passed five. There is good Anchoring in the Road without the Harbour, from five to ten Fathom water, but without that Depth foul Ground. Deadman. The Deadman Deadman. is a high Bluff-head, and lieth south west four Leagues from Foy, and north east by east seven Leagues from the Lizard, and three Leagues from Falmouth. North east from the Deadman lieth a big Rock above water, called the Winhead-Rock, Winhead-Rock. and lieth three miles from the Deadman, and a mile from the nearest shore. Small Vessels that are well acquainted Sail within this Rock. St. Blazey-Bay. Between the Deadman and Predmouth-Point, St. Blazey-Bay. by the going into Foy, is a large deep sandy Bay, called St. Blazey-Bay. From the Deadman to Falmouth the Coast is bold; and close by the shore, between the Deadman and Falmouth, lieth a Rock above water, called the Gull-Rock. Directions for to Sail into Falmouth Harbour. Falmouth Falmouth. lieth between the Lizard and the Deadman, and may very well be known by Pendennis Castle, which standeth on a Hill on the west side of the Harbour's mouth, as you may see by the making of it, in the Draught of Falmouth, Numb 18. There is a Rock which lieth in the Harbour's mouth, and lieth nearer the west shore than the east shore; this Rock is called Falmouth-Rock, Falmouth-Rock. and showeth itself above water at half-Tyde; there is a Pole placed on it, to show where it lieth when it is under water. You may Sail in and out of either side of this Rock; the east side is the best. Being passed the Rock, and that you would Anchor in Carreck-Road, Carreck-Road. which is the Place where great Ships ride, you may Sail up in the fair way, keeping your Lead; for there is a narrow deep Channel which hath eighteen Fathom water all the way up to Carreck-Road; you may borrow on St. Maws side in five and six Fathom water: the west side is shoal. Being passed about St. Maws Castle, there lieth of from the east shore a sandy Bank, and is very steep too, and lieth almost half Channel over from the east shore. The best Anchoring in Carreck-Road is to bring St. Mawes-Castle east north east, laying your eastward Anchor in eighteen Fathom, and your westward Anchor in four and five Fathom, as you think convenient. But if you would Sail up in St. Just-Pool, which is the best Place in all the Harbour, than keep near the west shore, or Trefusis-Land, and than stand over into St. Just-Pool, between St. Maws Sand and the middle; you may run up by your Lead, borrowing on either side not nearer than six Fathom water more or lesle, according to the bigness of your Ship. Note that you are not so ready to Sail from St. Just, as you are from Barreck-Road. From St. Just-Pool you may Sail to Turner-ware Point, keeping close by the east shore, where you will have two Fathom at Low-water, and five at High-water. Being come up to the Point of Turner-ware, give the Point a distance to avoid a Shoal that lieth of from it: being above the said Point, you many Anchor any where between Turner-ware and Mopass in great safety: but such Vessels as go up to Truro Truro. take the Tide, and there lie dry at Low-water. You may lay up a great Fleet of great Ships between Turner-ware and Mopass. If you will Anchor before the Town of Falmouth, To anchor before the Town of Falmouth. and that your Ship draweth above twelve foot water, you must not go over the Bar at Low-water (which lieth between Trefuses-land and Pendents) but must take the Tide with you, and Anchor before the Town. Against the Rock is three Fathom at Low-water, and above and below it there is two Fathom and a half 〈◊〉 Low-water. Those Vessels that go up 〈◊〉 Penr●● must take the Tide, where at Low-water they lie dry by the Keys side. If any Ships have occasion to haul ashore to wash, tallow, stop leaks, or load or unload Goods, Sir Peter Killigrew hath been at very great Charges in building a very good, A good place to load or unload. convenient and safe Mole or Peer, where are Keys with Cranes, and good Storehouses or Warehouses, to load or unload Goods, the Ships lying by the Keys side close by the Storehouse. Many Virginia Ships have here unloaded their Tobacco, and is very convenient for that purpose. The Tides rise and fall here at a Spring tide eighteen and twenty foot, and twelve and fourteen at a Nep-tyde. It floweth here at Full and Change five hours and a half. There is a small Place called St. Mawes-Road, St. Maws Road. where small Vessels ride before St. Maws Town in two and three Fathom at Low-water. Manacles. Manacles. In sailing in and out at this Place, and that you come from the westward, or are bound to the westward, you must have a care of the Manacle-Rocks which lie south by west from the mouth of Falmouth Harbour two Leagues, some of them lie above water, and some under water, and lie about three mile's east away from the Land into the Sea. You may Sail out of Falmouth to carry yourself clear of them south by east; but with the Tide of Ebb you must steer south south east, and south east by south. Helford. Helford Helford. lieth between Falmouth and the Manacles, it is an open Sound and lieth west in: as you Sail in and out keep in the fair way, but more to the south shore than the north, the north being foul Ground some distance of. Being in, you may bring Maunan Church N. N. W. or N. W. and anchor in three Fathom and a half at low-water, and two Fathom, according as your Ship is big. A little to the eastward of Helford Town lieth a Bar, the best of it is by the south shore, where is nine foot at low-water, and the same depth before the Town, where small Vessels lie. The going in to this Place may very well be known by Maunan Church, which standeth on a Hill on the north side, as you may see in the Draught of Falmouth, etc. Right of from the Point of the Lizard lieth a parcel of steeped Rocks above water, Staggs Lizard. called the Staggs; they lie of south from the shore into the Sea, about a short mile of; they are steep too: you shall have twelve Fathom close to them. Directions for Sailing into Mounts-Bay. MOunts-Bay Mounts-Bay. lieth north west from the Lizard six Leagues, and three Leagues from the Lands end. On the east side of Mounts-Bay is a high pecked Island, called the Mount, on the top of which is an old Castle, and on the north west side of the Mount is a small Peer, where small Vessels lie aground at low-water, and lieth from the Main about a quarter of a mile: you go over dry at low-water. Eglandkey. Eglandkey Eglandkey. are a parcel of sunk Rocks, which lie south east about two or three miles from the Mount, and about a mile from the west shore; there is not above eight or nine foot on them at low-water. Pensance. In the north west of this Bay is a small Pensance. Peer, called Pensance, where small Vessels lie aground at low-water. Govers-Lake. On the west side of Mounts-Bay, Govers-Lake. over against the Mount, is a Bay called Govers-lake, and is a good Place to Anchor in, because you bring the sunken Rocks of Carrenbase and Lowleigh south east from you, which Rocks break of the Sea, on which there is but four and five foot at low-water; they lie about a quarter of a mile from the west Land, and bear from St. Paul's Church north west by west, and west north west. To Anchor in Govers-lake To anchor in Govers-Lake. you must bring St. Paul's Church south west by south, and St. Clement's Island south and south by east, and Pensance north, and you will have four and five Fathom water at low-water on a Spring tide. Keep St. Paul's Steeple above the Land, (that is) that you keep sight of it, and than you will run without Lowleigh and Carrenbase, that is, you will go to the eastward of them. Mousehole. There is a small Peer at Mousehole, Mousehole. but now gone to decay. You may Anchor in Mounts-Bay To anchor in Mounts Bay. as you please, from twenty to seven Fathom water, as you may see in the Draught, Number 27. It floweth here at Full and Change half an hour passed four, that is, east north east. The spring-tidings rise eighteen and nineteen foot. Rundle-stone. From Mounts-Bay to the Lands-end the shore is bold; and a mile, or a mile and a half due south from the Lands-end, lieth a Rock called the Rundle-stone, Rundle-stone. and showeth above water from half Ebb to half Flood, and than under water there is twenty Fathom water between the Lands-end, and this Stone. Gulf-Rock. Gulf-Rock. The Gulf is a small Rock, and always above water, and lieth from the Lands-end south west three Leagues; this Rock is steep too on every side, and is no bigger than an ordinary Longboat: Keep the outward part of the Longships on the Brizan Island, and that will carry you just on the Gulff. There is forty Fathom water within a quarter of a mile of it. Longships. From the Lands-end to the Longships Long ships. the Course is north west by north two Leagues. These Rocks are high above water, and lie in length west two miles from the Land; it is all foul Ground between them and the Land; yet I have been told that small Vessels that are well acquainted will Sail within them. To the northward of them is a small Bay, called White-sand-Bay, where small Vessels and Coasters anchor. Brizan-Island. From the Longships to the Brizan-Island Brizan-Island. the Course is north north east, about five or six miles. This is a high small round Island, and lieth to the westward of Cape Cornwall a mile from the shore. Them that are well acquainted Sail within the Island. Seven-stones. Seven-stones Seven-stones. are a parcel of Rocks that lie from the Brizan and Cape Cornwall west half south, about six or seven Leagues, and show themselves above water at half Tide; they lie in length north west and south east about two miles, and half a mile broad: they bear from St. Martin's- head at Scilly north east three Leagues, and are very dangerous. The first place of the beginning of the Flood in the West of England, is at the Long ships, which Place divides the Stream, one setting to the northward, and the other to the southward. At Full and Change the Flood gins east north east, and sets nine hours to the northward: And from the Longships to the Rundle-stone and Gulff, the Tide setteth south east three hours, that is, it is high-water by the shore, before the Flood setteth to the southward. At the Seven-stones, The stream setteth 9 hours to the northward and but 3 to the southward. and between Scilly and the Lands-end, the first of the Flood setteth north west, and endeth in the north east nine hours; and the Stream beginneth to set to the southward at high-water, which is east north east ashore. It is high-water at the Gulff at Full and Change east north east, and the Tide setteth to the eastward till half Ebb ashore. And when it is half Ebb ashore at Mounts-Bay, than the north stream gins in the north west, and ends in the north east nine hours, till it is high-water ashore. Directions for Sailing in and out at the several Sounds at the Islands of Scilly. THese Islands lie to the westward of the Lands-end of Cornwall nine or ten Leagues, and are many Islands and Rocks, you may see them six and seven Leagues of the south west: Part of these Islands are very Rocky, but are bold. On the southernmost big Island there standeth a high Light-house, erected by the Corporation of Trinity-House, Deptford-Strand, and is a most excellent good Light, and may be seen six and seven Leagues of. Before this Light-House was erected, there was not a Winter but there were some Ships cast away: but since the erecting of it, there hath not a Ship been lost, but by Ignorance; so that Navigation is much obliged to the great care of Trinity-House in erecting this Light. St. Mary's Road. How to Sail into St. Mary's Sound. The principal Road is St. Mary's Road, and the best and most common Sound to go in to it, is St. Mary's Sound, between St. Mary's Island and the Island Gugh. Being to the eastward of the Island, you must run in at the south side of St. Mary's; you may know St. Mary's Island by the Castle and two Wind-wills, which stand on the south west part of the Island; run boldly in with the Mills, keeping close by St. Mary's side, which is very bold. In the fair way between Penmis Point and the Gugh, lieth a Ledge of Rocks, called the Spanish Ledge, Spanish-Ledge. on which is but six foot at low-water, therefore keep close to Penmis, and than steer away for the Hughland, on which stand the Castle and Wind-mills, giving them a fair birth to avoid the Woolpack, Woollpack. which is a sunk Rock close by the south end of the Hugh. You may boldly Sail within a quarter of a mile of the Hugh, from the Woolpack to the Stevern, and that will carry you clear of Bartholomew-Ledge, Bartholomew-Ledge. which hath but six foot water at low-water, and lieth south south west from the Stevern, about half a mile; between the Stevern and the Gugh, when you have the Light-House south west by south, than are you abreast of it. There are two leading Marks to avoid the Spanish Ledge and Bartholomew Ledge; keep the high Land of Samson on the Stevern, and that will carry you clear of the Spanish Ledge; and being passed it, than keep Castle Bryer, which is a high round Rock, on the low-land of Samson, and that will carry you clear of Bartholomew Ledge. But if you are not sure of knowing these Marks, I advice you to your former Directions of keeping a quarter of a mile from the Hugh, or if you keep sight of the Vanes of the Wind mills, but not the Mills, that is, keep sight of half the Vanes above the Land, and that will carry you between Bartholomew Ledge and the Stevern. If you will fire a Gun, and make a Whaff, you will have a Pilot come of. Being about the Stevern Rock, How to Anchor in St. Mary's Road. steer in to the Road, and bring the Nut Rock west north west, or north west by west about half a mile from the Rock, or a quarter of a mile; or bring the Castle south south east, and anchor in five Fathom water at low-water, or seven or eight at high-water. Here you ride well for all Winds but south west Winds, which Winds bring in a great Sea. It floweth here at Full and Change east north east. There is a small Peer Peer. at the Hugh Town, where small Vessels lie aground at low-water, and is a good place to clean, wash, tallow, or stop leaks, etc. Crow-Sound. Crow-Sound Crow-Sound. lieth at the north end of St. Mary's Island, and is a Bar-Channel, where at low-water there is not above four foot water, therefore to Sail in here you must take the Tide. To Sail into Crow-Sound, you must Sail close by the north end of St. Mary's, of of which place lieth a Sandy Point, and maketh the Bar. Being over the Bar, there lieth a Rock a quarter of a mile from the shore, called the Crow, and is above water at half Tide: between it and the shore is no more than six or seven foot at low-water. To Sail between this Rock and the shore, you must keep within half a quarter of a mile of the shore, or a Cables length. But I advice no Man to go into this Place without a Pilot, except well acquainted. If you fire a Gun, and make a Whaff, you will have a Pilot come of. Broad-Sound. Broad-Sound Broad-Sound. is a dangerous Sound for those that are not acquainted. There are two Channels that lead you into this Sound, the south west Channel, and the north west Channel. To Sail in at the south west Channel, which is the best of the two, you must Sail in between the Bishop and the Crim, which are the two westernmost Rocks of Scilly, and are a good height above the water, than steer in north east by east, keeping the Islands of Great Gannelly and Great Gannick open and shut of St. Mary's Island, as you may see in the Draught of the Islands of Scilly, Number 20. and with this Mark you run in amongst many Rocks very terrible to behold, and the Marks difficult to be known; therefore I advice none to Sail in here without a Pilot from the Island. Smith's-Sound. Smith's-Sound. Smith's- Sound is likewise a dangerous Sound, and very narrow. This Sound lieth on the west side of the Island Agnis, on which standeth the Light-House. The Mark to Sail in is to bring Castle-Bryer, which is a high round Rock above water on the Great Smith, as you may see in the Draught; and this Mark will carry you in between St. Agnis, Melledgan, and a small Rock called Menpingo, and being between the Island St. Agnis and the Island Annet, steer than between Annet and the Great Smith Rock; being about the Rock, steer in for St. Mary's Road, as before. New Grimsbay. New Grimsbay. New Grimsbay is a Road, or rather a small Cove between the Island of Tresco and the Island Bryer; there is no danger in going in. This Place is narrow, and only fit for small Ships. You Anchor before the Castle in five, six, or seven Fathom water. At low-water it is dry between Tresco and Bryer. Old Grimsbay. Old Grimsbay. Old Grimsbay is a Place where small Vessels may ride. There are two Channels in and out, and very narrow, and not to be made use of except you have a Pilot. It is high-water at all the Islands of Scilly at Full and Change, half an hour passed four, that is, east north east. The spring-tidings rise and fall 21 and 22 foot, and the Neap-tydes fifteen and sixteen foot. The Tide or South-stream setteth out of St. Mary's Sound from half Flood to half Ebb. The west stream cometh into St. Mary's Sound from half Ebb to half Flood, and runneth out through Broad-Sound. Note that about Scilly, and for six or seven Leagues to the westward of it, and from the Islands to the Lands-end of England, the North-stream North Stream. runneth nine hours to the northward, and beginneth to set to the northward the last quarter Ebb, beginning to set to the north west, and so altering till it end in the north east, at which time it will be high-water ashore at Scilly, and than the South tide cometh and runneth three hours to the southward. You may see the Islands of Scilly from the south in sixty Fathom water, shelly, sandy Ground, at which time you will be six or seven Leagues of; and from the north in sixty Fathom, about six or seven Leagues of owsey sandy Ground. Twenty one or twenty two Leagues west by north and west north west from Scilly, is a Bank A Bank. on which is but fifty, fifty one, and fifty two Fathom water, and between Scilly and this Bank sixty Fathom. Directions for Sailing up the Severn into Bristol. St. Ives. ST. Ives St. Ives. is a Place where Vessels lie aground at low-water, and is four Leagues to the eastward of Cape Cornwall, in a sandy Bay. Lundy. Lundy Lundy. is a high Island which lieth in the Severn: at the east side of it is good Anchoring in ten and twelve Fathom water for westerly Winds. Barnstable. Barnstable Barnstable is a Bar-Haven, where good Ships may go in at half Flood. There are many Ships belong to this Place: It is very good riding in the Bay without the Bar. This Place is not yet surveyed by me, but I intent it God willing, etc. Going up the Severn, you cannot miss the Isle of Lundy, it lying in the fair way. The English Coast is bold and steep, but the Welsh Coast full of Sands and Shoals; you may sail of either side of Lundy but stand not farther than 3 Leagues from Lundy towards the Welsh Coast to avoid the Sands: from Lundy steer along the English Coast, till you come up as high as Purlock Purlock. or Minehead, and than steer away north east between the Steep Holmes and the Flat Holmes: the south Island next the English Coast is called the Steep Holme, and is high round Land; the north Island is low Land, and is called the Flat Holme; there is deep water between them; keep nearest the Flat Holme, which is the steepest side, you may sail close to it without any danger. Being up with the Flat Holmes, steer away to the northward till you bring the Flat Holme south west, and keep it so for three or four miles, till you have a Mill that standeth on a Hill comes on the west end, a Land that showeth like an Island; or bring the Mill south east by south, than you are passed the Point of the English Ground; than steer away east north east on the side of the English Ground, which are flat, and keep the Lead going. The Tides rise here at a Spring seven and eight Fathom; so if you bring a Tide with you, you cannot come to any damage; and steer amay to Poslet Point, which is steep too. A little above that is King's Road, where you Anchor; but be sure when you Anchor at high-water, that you consider how much the Tides fall. Here you take a Pilot to carry you into Hung-Road, and so up to Bristol. Hung-Road. Hung-Road. Hung-Road is a Place where great Ships lie afloat by the shore side, and there Careen, having no Dock. Lesser Ships go up to the City of Bristol. Those Ships that have occasion to go above King-Road up the Severn, or up to Chepstow, must take a Pilot. Note that the Tides are very strong in all the Severn from Milford to King-Road. There are several Places on the Welsh and English sides of the Severn, but being Places only for small Vessels. And such as are acquainted, I advice such as have occasion to make use of them, to take a Pilot. In going up and down the Severn, you must be very careful to keep the Lead when you stand over to the Welsh Sands. Minehead. Minehead Minehead. is a Stone Peer, where small Vessels lie aground: Here Ships that are not acquainted, may have a Pilot for Bristol. You may Anchor in the Road before Minehead. The Draught of the Severn is not so well finished as was intended, by reason the Ingraver lost the Original Copy. If any Ship that may be bound up the English Channel, and should hap to come up the Severn, and have not a Wind to get into the English Channel, than I advice them to go for Milford. See the Directions for Milford. Directions for Sailing into Milford-Haven. Milford-Haven. MIlford-Haven is very easily to be known, There are three Hills up in the Country, which you see first at Sea in clear weather, and bear from the Harbour's mouth north east by north. having the Island of Scoockam, Scanmore, and Gresholme on the west, and the Isle of Lundy to the east. You may know the going in by an old Light-Tower which standeth on St. Ann's Point: likewise you will see two old Stone-Blockhouses or Forts which stand on each side on the Cliffs going in; likewise Sheep-Island, which lieth just at the Entrance on the east side, and another Island within the Entrance, called Rat-Island, and is like the Mewstone at Plymouth, but lesser. To the westward of which Island lieth a sunk Rock about a quarter of a mile of, on which there is sixteen and seventeen foot at low-water on spring-tidings. A long mile within this Ratt-Isle lieth a great Rock above water, called the Stack, this Rock is bold. Angle-Road is the best place to Anchor in, but in truth the whole Haven is very good and safe. Ships may ride afloat as high as Langham-ferry and Coetcanles, in three, four, and five Fathom water at low-water. Small Ships may ride afloat in Crowpool within Pennet-mouth, and may go up with the Tide to Pembroke Key, and there lie aground at low-water; small Ships go up to Landshipping-Key, where Sir Hugh Owen hath made all Conveniencies for loading of Coals: small Ships likewise go up to Haverford-west and Crosswell with the Tide. The Colliers that are bound out commonly lie in Dale-Road. It floweth here at Full and Change, east and west nearest. A farther Description of Milford-Haven. Milford-Haven. MIlford-Haven is certainly the best Harbour in the three Kingdoms, there being no manner of danger in Sailing in or out of the Harbour, so that you need no Pilots, and may turn in and out with safety with contrary Winds, taking the Tide, as well by Night as by Day. When you are entered into the Harbour, you may Anchor where you please, according as the Ship is in bigness: And if a Ship come in without Cable and Anchor, she may run ashore on soft Owse, and there lie with safety. Here is most excellent Conveniencies for hauling great and small Ships ashore, to Grave, Wash, and Tallow, stop Leaks, etc. good places to Careen, good places for making of dry Docks, Yards, Storehouses, Rope-walks, Victualling-Offices, etc. Building and Repairing of Ships, here being good store of Timber, good fresh Water, Wood and Coals, Provisions good and plenty. The spring-tidings rise six and thirty foot, and the Neep above six and twenty foot, so that you may lay Ships ashore at any time. But that which makes this Harbour more excellent and useful than any other, is, that in an hours time you are in and out of the Harbour into the Sea, being in a fair way between the Lands-end of England and Ireland, and lieth in the Mouth of the Severn, and are in eight or ten hours over on the Coast of Ireland. You may get to the westward out of this Place much sooner than when you came from Plymouth, Foy, or Falmouth. Oliver Cromwell shipped of his Forces from this place for Ireland, and in time of War kept a Squadron of Ships to Randezvous here; and Henry the Seventh landed here. This Haven lieth north north east nine and twenty Leagues from Cape Cornwall. There lieth about three Miles from the Havens Mouth a small Rock, called the Crow, and showeth at half-tyde; it lieth about half a Mile from Lonny-Point. The Seashore about Milford is about the height of the Land of Plymouth. A Description of the Islands and Rocks which lie to the Westward of Milford-Haven. Schookham. SCookham Scookham. lieth west north west from St. Ann's Point going into Milford a League and a half. Scanmore lieth north north west from Scookham about a League, and west from St. Brid's-head, and is bigger than Scookham. Gresholm. Gresholm Gresholm. is a high small Island or great Rock, and is green, and lieth to the westward of Scookham and Scaumore two short Leagues. There is a good Channel between Gresholm and Scookham and Scaumore, and are all very bold and steep too. Barrel. Barrel Barrel. is a small Rock, and shows at half-tyde, and beareth from Gresholm west and west by north about a short League, and are steep too. The Hats. The Hats Hats. show at low-water, and lies two Leagues to the westward of Gresholm, and are steep too. The Small. The Small Small. is a small Rock always above the water, about the bigness of a Longboat, and lieth to the westward of Gresholm two Leagues and a half, or three Leagues: The west north west and north west end is foul and rocky a mile of, and is steepy too. The Tides run very strong amongst these Islands and Rocks. The Mascus. The Mascus Mascus. is said to be a sunk Rock, and lieth from St. David's- Head west north west three Leagues; but I never could hear of any Coaster or other that ever found it. There is a narrow Channel between Ramsey Island and St. David's, and is used by none but small Coasters, and those that know it very well. The Tides run very strong, which makes the water to breach and ripple, as though it were shoal-water; and so it doth between Gresholm, Scookham, and Scaumore. Holyhead. It floweth at Full and Change at Holyhead Holyhead. at ten of the Clock; the spring-tidings rise and fall twenty foot, and the Neep-tydes thirteen and fourteen foot. Between Holyhead and Dublin the Flood and Ebb run north north east, and south south west, and floweth south south east. Holyhead-Road. Road-Harbour. Platters. Cubby, Platters. Holyhead-Road lieth to the eastward of Innis-Cubby-Island, to the northward of which Island, about half a little Mile, lieth some sunk Rocks which have but three foot water at low-water, called the Platters of Cubby. The Road is clear Sand, the Harbour is dry at low-water, where Ships lie on the Sand, but the Wind out at north makes a Sea in the Harbour. The Packet Boats for Ireland use this place. Scarrys. Scarry-Platters. Between the Scarrys and Carrenpoint lieth sunk Rocks, and are called the Platters of Scarry, and lie about a short half Mile from the Scarrys; therefore keep near Carrenpoint which is bold. Cole-Rock. Cole-Rock. There lieth a small sunk Rock east north east from the Scarrys about two Miles and a half, and north by east from the West-Mouse a Mile, or a Mile and a half, which hath but six foot at low-water, called the Cole-Rock. Holyhead is very high Land, as you may see in the Chart, Number 27. Isle of Man. Isle of Man. It floweth here at Full and Change south east by south: The spring-tidings rise twenty foot. Darby-Haven. Darby-Haven. Darby-Haven is a small Bay where Vessels ride affoat or lie aground. Douglas-Harbour. Douglas-Harbour Duglas-Harbour. runneth into a small freshwater River, where at high-water is ten and twelve foot water, and at low-water lie dry. Ramsey-Bay. Ramsey-Bay Ramsey-Bay. is a most excellent Road, having a Sand without which breaketh of the Sea. In this Bay is a small River where small Vessels run in at high-water, and lie dry at low-water. There runneth very strong Tides all round this Island, and in some places ripple as though there were shoal-water, especially near Point of Air. At this Island the north and south tide meet; here is great plenty of Fish of all sorts. White-haven. A little to the northward of St. Bees-head lieth White-haven, White-haven. being a good dry Peer, where great Ships take in Sea-coals and carry them to Dublin in Ireland. This place belongeth to Sir John Lowther. North east from Great Orms-head, about a League of, lieth a Bank north by east and south by west about a Mile in length, whereon is not above thirteen foot, being a narrow ridge; on the east side it shoaleth gradually, but the west side is steep too. Directions for Sailing into Beaumorris. THere is a small high Island called Priestholme, on which is a ruined Chapel with a Steeple; half way between this Island and the Main Point called Trwyndu, is a Rock which showeth at Half-tyde, called the Horse, which you must leave on the Larboard side going in, keep in the middle of the Channel between the Horse and Trwyndu-Point. There lieth some Rocks from the north east part of Trwyndu-Point, as you may see marked at A in the Chart, Number 26. The Tides run in and out very strong; therefore the best going in or out is at high or low-water slack; the Ebb runneth strong upon the Horse. After you are entered in you may Anchor where you please between the Entrance and the Beaumorris. Note that the Depths are set down in Fathoms at low-water. You may sail in to the southward of Priestholme between it and Levan-Sands, with a Tide of Flood, keep nearest to Levan-Sands to avoid the Rocks that lie at the south west end of the Island. The water riseth and falleth three and twenty and four and twenty foot at a Springtide. It floweth here at Full and Change between the south south east and south east by south 10h-30′. Directions for Sailing over Carnarvan-Bar. Carnarvan-Bar. CArnarvan-Bar hath not above seven, eight and nine foot at low-water, but than the Tides rise four and twenty foot. The Mark of the Bar is Tuttle-hill, and a Tower on the north end of Carnarvan Town, and a little House on the Larboard-side going in, which standeth on a low sandy Point; bring these three in one, or any two of them, and this will carry you into the Ferry, and afterwards Anchor as you please, as you may see in the Draught. There are but few Vessels make use of this Bar; only such as go to Carnarvan to load Corn, etc. There are some Ships that have lain wind-bound at Beaumorris bound for Virginia, and not daring to turn out at Priestholme, have gone through the Swilly, and so over Carnarvan-Bar; but the Rocks at the Swilly are dangerous, the Passage narrow, and the Tides very strong; and be sure to pass the Swilly at a slack Tide. It floweth on Carnarvan-Bar at Full and Change south east; and the Tides rise at a Spring four and twenty foot. Small Ships may sail up to Conaway with a Pilot at high-tyde. Directions for Sailing over Chester-Bar. Chester-Bar. CHester-Bar lieth from Ormeshead five Leagues and a half east half north; keep Great Ormeshead and Little Ormeshead just open of each other, as in the Chart, Number 30. and so run in till you bring the three Hills south, than are you on the shoalest of the Bar, and about two little Miles from the shore; than you will presently have deeper water, and may keep along by the Main in what depth you please, keeping Hailsand without you, which always showeth itself: this Sand is always above water, except an hour or two at high-water on a Springtide, and than it showeth by a rippling. You may sail up to Dortpool or Nesson or Wild-Road or Highlake this way. You will found nine foot water at low-water on a Springtide on Chester-Bar; there are some Patches on the Bar which altar, but the Tides rising so high as five Fathom at a Spring, and three and a half at a Neep, there is no danger. It floweth here at full and Change between the south south east, and south by east. If you would sail up to Dortpool and Nesson, you must have a care of the out Scar-Rocks which show at low-water, therefore keep over of the Bugg-side; the thwart Mark of this Out-Scar is Grange-Mill on Kerby-Church; and when you have Kerby-hall open of a Hill than are you passed them. You may Anchor at Dortpool in three Fathom water Point of Air. Three Miles within this Bar lieth a low sandy Point, called Point of Air, Point of Air. which you leave on the Starboard-side going in. And three Miles from this place is Moyston Mark within Wild-Road, where Vessels lad Coals, being half a Mile from High-water-mark; and those Ships that cannot take the ground, than such Ships may take in their Loading in Wild-Road, and their ride with safety: Ships may sail from Moyston Mark at a Neep-tyde. This place doth not only supply the Neighbouring places with Coals, but the Kingdom of Ireland. Directions to sail into Highlake and Liverpool. BEing on the back of the Hylesand, bring the Mill and Wood one on the other, as in the Chart, Number 30. and run in keeping close alongst Hylesand, and so into Highlake, and Anchor. Highlake and Liverpool. Here the great Ships that belong to Liverpool put out part of their Lading till the Ships are light enough to sail over the Flats to Liverpool. K William and the English Army Embarked at this place for Ireland. There is a Channel near Formby to go into Liverpool, where is three Fathom at low-water on the Bar; but this place is not Buoyed nor Bekoned, and so not known: the Ships lie aground before the Town of Liverpool; 'tis bad riding afloat before the Town, by reason of the strong Tides that run here; therefore Ships that ride afloat, ride up at the slay where is lesle tide. Pillafoodra. Pillafoodra. Pillafoodra is a place where good Ships may go in, but the going in being dangerous to those that are not acquainted, I leave those that have occasion to go there to take a Pilot, which they may have at Liverpool. This place lieth out of the way of trade, and so is but little frequented, and not as yet surveyed by me. Directions for coming into the Channel between England and France, called the English Channel. THE Mariner having left the vast Ocean, and brought his Ship into Soundings near the Land, amongst Tides or Streams, his Art now must be laid aside, and Pilottage taken in hand, the nearer the Land, the greater the danger, therefore your care ought to be the more. To be mindful of Tides and Courses. Being in Tydes-ways, narrow Channels, Rocks and Sands, I hope the ingenious Mariner will not take it amiss, in recommending this to your care, your Tides, Courses, Soundings, and the goodness of your Compasses. To be mindful of your Compasses, and how to order them. That you have a great care that no Iron be near the Compass, and that after long Voyages that the Compasses have been much used, they will grow dull, and yet the virtue of the Magnet holding good; but that which causeth the dulness, and the Compass being not quick in traversing, is caused by the Pin's point (on which the Compass stands) being worn blunt, therefore sharpen it with a Hone or fine Whetstone with care and exactness. And this take for a certain Rule, that the light Card-Compasses traverse best in fair weather, and the heavy Card-Compass best in foul weather. I mean by the heavy Card-Compass that which is stiffened with Muscovy Glass, and a Plate of Steel which is touched by the Loadstone, instead of Steel-wyre, which is in the light ones. The heavy Card-Compasses are in brass Boxes, which are made to open to take the Card out at any time. Tides, with their S●●●●●gs. The next thing that I recommend to your care, is the setting of the Tides, which altereth the course to the loss of many Ships, especially when you Sail close upon a Wind, than if the Tide take you on the Weatherbough, you shall fall much to Leeward of your Expectation; and if the Tide take you on the Leebough, it carries you to windward of your Expectation. Coming out of the Ocean into the Soundings, Depth of Water. which you may know by the water being discoloured, your best help is a good Observation of the Latitude. The next Consideration is your Depth of Water, with the colour and quality of the Ground. Colour and Quality of the Ground. But as for the colour and quality of the Ground, I think it very uncertain, as I found by Experience lying becalmed in the Soundings, when I very often heaved the Lead, and did found one cast so different from another in quality, and still in the same depth of water, that I would not have any to trust to it; only this is generally observed, That the Ground to the southward on the French Coast is more gruffer, that is, the Sand is bigger or more gravelly, bigger shells and more variety, with a sort of sharp small things called Needles. West south west from Vshant eight or ten Leagues, you will have seventy four and seventy five Fathom water, and four and five League's west from Vshant sixty eight and seventy Fathom, west north west from Vshant eight or ten Leagues you will have seventy and seventy one Fathom, and four, five, or six Leagues of sixty six and sixty five Fathom. North west from Vshant eight or ten Leagues seventy Fathom, and five League's north west sixty four and sixty five Fathom; North north west from Vshant about seven, eight, or ten Leagues, from sixty five to sixty eight Fathom, and four League's north north west sixty Fathom. North from Vshant eight or ten Leagues, sixty four and sixty five; and from three Leagues to five League's north you will have sixty Fathom. In these Depths, Bearings, and Distances the Ground is white things like Hakes-teeths, and the Ground rougher than on the English Coast. But, as I said before, that the quality of the Ground being so uncertain, I would not have any Persons to give any trust to it. But on the Coast of England the Ground is finer in general; for five, six, and seven Leagues to the southward of Scilly, you will have from fifty to sixty Fathom water fine white Sand, with some read and black amongst it, and some times some small shells or pieces of shells, and at other times white Sand only. The Islands of Scilly how far seen. Keep in the Latitude of forty nine degrees thirty minutes, or forty nine degrees thirty five minutes, or forty nine degrees forty minutes, till you have from sixty to fifty five Fathom water, more or lesle, as the Tides may be high; for at Scilly and thereabouts the Tide riseth above three Fathom at Full and Change. I have seen the Light-house of Scilly in the Latitude of forty nine degrees thirty five minutes, at which time the Light-house boar north by east about six or seven Leagues of, and at the same time had fifty eight Fathom water, fine Sand with black speckles, and pieces of shells. To the westward of Scilly the Ground is fine grey and white Sand, mingled with small black Sand and pieces of shells, and sometimes without black Sand and pieces of shells. But if you are to the northward of Scilly than your Ground will be white Sand, and owsey Sand: when the Islands of Scilly bear south about five or six Leagues, you will have fifty three to fifty seven Fathom water. You may see the Light of Scilly six and seven Leagues in the Night when it is clear weather. A stream setting nine hours to the northward. Many Ships have fallen to the northward (into the Welsh Channel or the Severn) contrary to their expectation; the cause of which is by a Stream setting nine hours from the north west to the north east, and but three hours to the southward: this Stream gins to set to the north west when it is half Ebb at Scilly, and endeth in the north east when it is high-water. This Stream beginneth six or seven Leagues to the westward of Scilly, and four or five Leagues to to the southward of Scilly, and so between Scilly and the Lizard. Being to the southward of Scilly about the Latitude of forty nine degrees thirty minutes, or forty nine degrees thirty five minutes, or forty nine degrees forty minutes, and having from sixty to fifty five Fathom water, you may keep away east in that Latitude, according as you have wind or weather, and in that depth. But when you have sailed about fifteen or twenty Leagues from sixty to fifty five or fifty two Fathom, than if the weather be clear you may steer northerly for to make the Land. The Lizard Lizard. North by east, about nine leagues you will have fifty five, fifty six, and fifty seven Fathom water, than will you have pieces of shells of several colours, thin small slatty stones, and no sand; meeting with this Ground you may stand in to the northward into fifty Fathom. Being passed the Lizard, if you keep without forty Fathom water, you need not fear the Eddy-stone: Eddy-stone you will have forty Fathom in the stream of the Eddy-stone; if you keep in thirty five Fathom than are you within the Eddy-stone. There is thirty five Fathom between the Ramhead and the Eddy-stone. For the knowing of the Land when you see it, I refer you to the several make of the Land in the sheet, Number 39 And the making of some Lands are put down in the Draughts of the Harbours; as the making of the Land of Dartmouth is put into the Draught of Dartmouth; Foy and Falmouth the like, etc. Being sure of your being passed the Lizard, be sure to keep of from the French shore, for fear of the Rocks called the Gaskets, Gaskets. for when you are near them, the Tide of Flood sets in amongst the Islands of Garnsey and Jersey: you will have deeper water near these Rocks, and gruffer Ground than on the English Coast. You may from the Start to Portland and the Wight, keep between forty and thirty Fathom water, or between thirty five and thirty, according as you go up the Channel. When you come near the Isle of Wight Isle of Wight. have a care of the Indraught that setteth strong both into the Needles and St. Helen's, as you may see in the Directions for sailing into the Isle of Wight, which hath drawn many Ships into Freshwater-Bay, Freshwater-Bay. and others on the Owers, which lie to the eastward of the Isle of Wight, as you may see in the Description of the Owers and East-Burrough-Heads; Owers and East-Burrough-heads. for the last half-flood, or the last quarter-flood, and all the Ebb, setteth into St. Helen's, which hath caused many Ships to run aground on the Owers, which lie to the eastward of the Isle of Wight. The Description of which, and how to avoid them, and how to sail from the Isle of Wight into the Downs, you may see in the Directions from the Downs to the Isle of Wight; only I would have you to observe, that if you stand over on the French Coast, that there is a Bank in the Fair-way between Dunginness and Bullin-Bay, which hath but thirteen Fathom on it, which in the Night may 'cause you to think that you are nearer the shore than you are. Courses and Distances from Place to Place alongst the Coast of England from Dover to the Lands-end to the Islands of Scilly, etc. COurses and Distances from place to place are better demonstrated in the Maps than this way; but at the instigation of some Seamen I have done this. From Dover to Dunginness south west half west, 6 leagues. Dunginness. From Dunginness to Rye-Road west 2½ leagues. From Dunginness to Hastings west 5 leagues. From Dunginness to Pemsey west by south 7½ leagues. From Dunginness to Beachy west south west 8½ leagues. Beachy. From Beachy to New-haven west 3 leagues. From Beachy to Shoram west northerly 6½ leagues. From Beachy to the East-barrow-head and Owers west south west 15 leagues. From Beachy to Dunnose on the Isle of Wight Wight. west by south, but to keep clear of the East-burrough-head and Owers west south west 21 leagues. From Dunnose Dunnose. to the Needle's west north west 5 leagues. From Dunnose to Peverel-Point west 8½ leagues. From Dunnose to Portland west by south 16 leagues. From Peverel-Point to Portland west by south 7½ leagues. Portland. From Portland to Lime west north west half north 7 leagues. From Portland to Exmouth-Bar west by north 12 leagues. From Portland to Torbay west 14 leagues. From Portland to the Berry west by south 14 leagues. From Portland to Dartmouth west by south 16 leagues. From Portland to the Start west by south half south 18 leagues. From the Start to the Bolt west north west 2 leagues. From the Start to the Ramhead west north west 8 leagues. From the Start to Plymouth-Sound west north west half north 7 leagues. From the Bolt to Plymouth-Sound west north west half north 5½ leagues. From the Start to the Eddy-stone west northerly 7 or 8 leagues. From the Start to Foy west by north 14 or 15 leagues. From the Start to the Deadman west half north 16 leagues. From the Start to Falmouth west 19 leagues. From the Start to the Lizard west half south 23 leagues. From Plymouth-Sound to the Eddy-stone south south west 4 leagues. From the Ramhead to the Eddy-stone south by west 4 leagues. From the Ramhead to the Loo west by north 4 leagues. From the Ramhead to Foy west 7 leagues. From Foy to the Deadman south west 3 leagues. From the Deadman to Falmouth west south west half south 3 leagues. From Falmouth to Helford west south west 1½ leagues. From Falmouth to the Manacles south 2 leagues. From the Manacles to the Lizard south west 3 leagues. From the Lizard to the Eddy-stone west by south 14 leagues. From the Lizard to the Deadman north east by east 7½ leagues. From the Lizard to Foy north east by east 11 leagues. From the Lizard to Mounts-Bay north west by north 6½ leagues. From the Lizard to the Lands-end west north west 8 leagues. From the Lizard to the Rundle-stone west north west 8 leagues. From the Lizard to the Gulf west 9 leagues. From the Lizard to the Seven-stones west north west 15 leagues. From the Lizard to the south of Scilly west half north 16 leagues. From the Lizard to the north of Scilly west by north 16 leagues. From the Lands-end to Mounts-Bay east north east 3 leagues. From the Lands-end to the Rundle-stone south 1 M. leagues. From the Lands-end to the Gulf south west 3 leagues. From the Lands-end to the Seven-stones west by north half north 7 leagues. From the Lands-end to the south of Scilly west by south 9 leagues. From the Lands-end to the north of Scilly west 9 leagues. From the Lands-end to the Long ships north west by west 2 leagues. From the Longships to the Brizan north by east 3 leagues. From the Brizan to the Gulf south by west 7 leagues. From the Brizan to the Seven-stones west by south 6 leagues. From the Brizan to the south of Scilly south west by west 10 leagues. From the Brizan to the north of Scilly west south west 9 leagues. From the Seven-stones to the south of Scilly south west by south 5 leagues. From the Seven-stones to the north of Scilly west south west 8 leagues. From the Seven-stones to the Gulf south east 7 leagues. From the Seven-stones to the Rundle-stone east by south half south 7 leagues. From the Seven-stones to the Longships east 5½ leagues. Courses and Distances from places between England and France in the Channel, etc. FRom the South Foreland to Calis south east 8 Leagues. From the South Foreland to Deep south 28 Leagues. From the South Foreland to Seynhead south south west half south 37 Leagues. From the South Foreland to Cape Barfleur south west 43 Leagues. From the South Foreland to the Cape de Hague south west by west 49 Leagues. From the South Foreland to the Gaskets west south west half south 54 Leagues. From Dunnose to Calis east by north 40 Leagues. From Dunnose to Deep east by south half south 38 Leagues. From Dunnose to Seynhead south east 33 Leagues. From Dunnose to Lehogue south south east 22 Leagues. From Dunnose to Cape Barfleur south by east 18½ Leagues. From Dunnose to Cape de Hague south by west half west 18 Leagues. From Dunnose to the Gaskets south west 19 Leagues. From Dunnose to Vshant south west by west 64 Leagues. From Portland to Deep east by south 52 Leagues. From Portland to Seynhead east south east easterly 45 Leagues. From Portland to Cape Barfleur south east easterly 26 Leagues. From Portland to Cape de Hague south east half south 20 Leagues. From Portland to the Gaskets south by east 16 Leagues. From Portland to Vshant south west 50 Leagues. From the Start to Cape Barfleur east south east easterly 20 Leagues. From the Start to the Gaskets east south east 21 Leagues. From the Start to Vshant south west by south 36 Leagues. From the Lizard to the Gaskets east by south easterly 22 Leagues. From the Lizard to Vshant south 31 Leagues. Courses and Distances from Cape Cornwall and the Islands of Scilly to Bristol, Wales and Ireland. FRom the Islands of Scilly to Cape Clere in Ireland north north east easterly 35 Leagues. From Scilly to Kinsale north east 40 Leagues. From Scilly to the Tusker Rock north easterly 39 Leagues. From Scilly to the Small's Rocks north by east easterly 35 Leagues. From Scilly to Milford-Haven north north east half easterly 37 Leagues. From Scilly to Lundy north east 30 Leagues. From Cape Cornwall to Cape Clere west by north half west 51 Leagues. From Cape Cornwall to Kinsale north west by west 43 Leagues. From Cape Cornwall to the Tusker Rock north west by west northerly 34 Leagues. From Cape Cornwall to the Small's Rocks north half east 29 Leagues. From Cape Cornwall to Milford-Haven north north east 30 Leagues. From Cape Cornwall to Lundy north east 24 Leagues. From Cape Cornwall to St. Ives east by north 5 Leagues. From Cape Cornwall to Padstow north east by east 14 Leagues. From Cape Cornwall to Hartle Point north east half east 23 Leagues. From Cape Cornwall to Mort Point north east half east 26 Leagues. From Lundy to the Smalls Rocks north west 15 Leagues. From Lundy to Milford north north west westerly 10 Leagues. From Lundy to Caldy north 7 Leagues. From Lundy to Barnstable-Bar south east by east 5½ Leagues. From Lundy to Minehead east by south 14 Leagues. From Lundy to the Flat-Holmes east by north half north 18 Leagues. From the Flat-Holmes to the Posset Point east north east 5 Leagues. From the Flat-Holmes to King-Road east north east 5½ Leagues. From King-Road to Hung-Road 1 Leagues. From Hung-Road to Bristol by water 2 Leagues. From Milford-Haven to Cape Clere west by south 60 Leagues. From Milford-Haven to Kinsale west 46 Leagues. From Milford-Haven to the Tusker west north west 18 Leagues. From Milford-Haven to the Smalls Rocks west by north 7 Leagues. From Milford to Gresholm west by north 4 Leagues. From Gresholm to the Bishop and Clerks which lie of of St. David's-head north north east 3½ Leagues. From the Bishop and Clerks to the Isle of Barzey north by east half east 19 Leagues. From Barzey to Holyhead north by east northerly 12 Leagues. From Holyhead to the Tusker south west 32 Leagues. From Holyhead to the Head of Hoath at Dublin-Bay west 19 Leagues. From Holyhead to the south west end of the Isle of Man north 15 Leagues. From Holyhead to the Skerreys' north east by north 2 Leagues. From the Skerreys to Ormeshead east half south 8 Leagues. From Ormeshead to Chester-Bar east 6 Leagues. From Ormeshead to Highlake east 10 Leagues. From Highlake to Chester 7 Leagues. From Highlake to Liverpool 4 Leagues. From Highlake to the south west end of Man west north west half west 23 Leagues. From Highlake to the north east end of Man north west by north 25 Leagues. From the north east end of Man to the Mull of Galloway in Scotland north west westerly 14 Leagues. From the north east end of Man to Dublin south west by west 31 Leagues. From the north east end of Man to Carlingford west by south half south 27 Leagues. From the north east end of Man to Copland Islands going into Carrek-fergus west north west 19 Leagues. From Copland Island to Carreck-fergus west north west 4 Leagues. From Carrek-fergus to Belfast south west 3 Leagues. A TYDE-TABLE, SHOWING The Time of High-water and Full-Sea WHEN The Moon is at Full and Change: How the Tide of Flood and Tides of Ebb Setteth, and how many Feet the spring-tidings Rise and Fall, beginning at the Downs or Deal, and so Continuing away to the Westward. H. M. F. DEal-Beach south east 09 00 16 Downs south south east half Tide and half quarter tide 10 30 16 Dover south south east 10 30 16 Rye-Harbour south and by east and south south east 10 30 24 Beachyhead and Fair-Lee south south east 10 30 20 St. Helen's by the shore south by east 11 15 16 Note that it is half flood, and sometimes more than half flood, before the Tide cometh into St. Helen's and the Spithead. From Dover to Dunginness the Flood sets north east by east, and the Ebb south west by west. From Dunginness to Beachy the Flood east north east and the Ebb west south west. From Beachy to the Isle of Wight the Flood set east by north, and the Ebb west by north. The Tide of Flood from the Ness, Beachy and the Isle of Wight, setteth one hour and half, and two hours after it is high-water by the shore. H. M. F. Portsmouth-Harbour south 12 00 16 Hampton south 12 00 15 Cows south by east 11 15 16 Needles south east by south 9 15 14 Pool south east 9 00 8 Portland-Road and Weymouth east and west 6 00 6 Exmouth-Bar east by north and east 5 30 1● Torbay east and by north 5 15 17 Dartmouth east by north 5 15 18 Plymouth Salcom east by north 5 15 16 Eddy-stone east by north 5 15 18 Foy and Falmouth east by north 5 15 18 Helford and the Lizard east by north 5 15 18 From the Isle of Wight to the Start, and from the Start to the Lizards, the Tides set as the Lands lie Channel Course; only take notice that by the shore in Bays the Tides round them. But at St. Helen's and the Needles you have a great Indraught, as you may see by the Directions for sailing into the Wight, and the sailing up the Channel from the Isle of Wight in the Offin to the Start and the Lizard; the Tides of Flood run three hours to the eastward after it is high-water ashore; that is, it gins to set to the eastward at half Flood ashore, and runs six hours, till half Ebb ashore, and the Ebb to the contrary. H. M. F. Mounts-Bay, Pensance, east north east and west south west 4 30 19 Scilly east north east and west south west 4 30 20 Note that the Stream between the Lands-end and Scilly setteth nine hours to the northward, and but three to the southward; when it is half Ebb ashore in Mounts-Bay, than the north Stream gins in the north west, and runneth nine hours till it ends in the north east. H. M. F. At St. Ives east by north and west by south 5 15 24 Padstow and Barnstable-Bar east and west 6 00 24 Isle of Lundy east and west 6 00 30 Minehead east and west 6 00 36 King-Road and Hung-Road east by south and west by north 6 45 48 Milford-Haven east and west 6 00 36 Caldy and Swansey east and west 6 00 36 Between Lundy and the Holmes the Flood setteth east north east, and the Ebb west south west. From the Holmes to King-Road the Flood runneth north east by east, and the Ebb south west by west. Note that the Tide of Flood runneth up at King-Road an hour after it is high-water. H. M. F. Holyhead south south east and south east by south 10 00 21 Carnarvan-Bar south east 9 00 24 Beaumorris south south east and south east by south 10 30 24 Chester-Bar south and by east and south south east 10 45 30 Highlake south and by east and south south east 11 15 00 Liveroool south and south by east 11 30 30 Isle of Man south east by south 9 45 21 White-haven south east by south 9 45 00 Carrickfergus south by east 10 38 8 Carlingford south east 9 00 14 Dublin-Bay south east by east 9 45 12 Kinsale east by north. 5 15 00 The Flood or North stream cometh in between Ireland and Scotland, and there it is high-water at south south east Moon. At the Isle of Man the north and south flood meet each other. Between Holyhead and Dublin-Bay it floweth south south east; the Flood setteth south south east, and the Ebb north north west. This is all that is Surveyed of the Coasts of England as yet. I have added some Harbours that are most useful in Ireland, being a Third Part of Great Britain's Coasting Pilot. Note that the Letters H and M signify Hours and Minutes, and the Letter F. signifies Feet. As for Example; At Chester-Bar it is High-water at Ten of the Clock, and forty five Minutes, and the Tides Rise and Fall Thirty Foot at a Spring tide. The End of the First Part. chart of the English and Bristol channels and adjacent coasts To the Right Honourable Admiral Killigrew This Chart of the Channel is Humbly Dedicated and Presented by Capt G Collins view of naval battle royal blazon or coat of arms chart of the Camber near Rye and Winchelsea, East Sussex To the Honble Robert Austen Esq; One of the Ld: Commiss. ●● for Executing the Office of Lord High Admiral of England etc. This Map is most humbly Dedicated and Presented by Capt Greenvile Collins chart of the Solent (Isle of Wight, Southampton, Portsmouth To the Rt. Hon.ble EDWARD RUSSELL ADMIRAL OF THEIR MA TIES. FLEET One of their Ma.tie most Honble. Privy Council and Treasurer of the Navy &c This is most humbly dedicated and presented by Capt. Greenvile Collins. ☞ Needles are steep Chalk stones high and Steep: ●●o. Shingles are a Pibble stone chart of the approaches to Weymouth and the Isle of Portland To Captain GEORGE ST. LO This M●● 〈◊〉 Most humbly Dedicated and Presented by Capt G Collins. chart of the English channel To the Right Honourable The LORDS COMMISSIONERS for Executing the Office of LORD HIGH ADMIRAL OF ENGLAND chart of Brest Harbor A Seal of English and French Leagues 20 in A. Degree. To the Right Honourable The LORDS COMMISSIONERS for Executing the Office of LORD HIGH ADMIRAL OF ENGLAND This Map is most humbly Dedicated and Presented by Capt Greenvile Collins. Hydrographer to the KING and QUEENS most Excellcie t: Majesty 1693: chart of southeast Devon (Kingsbridge, Torquay, Exmouth) To the Right Honourable THOMAS Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery Ba●o HERBERT of Sherland etc. Premier Commiss ●: for Executing the Office of Ld: High Admiral of England etc. And one of their Ma.tie most Honourable Privy Council This is most humbly Dedicated & presented by Capt: t: Greenvile Collins. ☞ Note that the depth of water in the River Ex. is set down in feet being distinguished by an f depiction of King William's landing, Nov. 1686 chart of Dartmouth and the River Dart DARTMOUTH TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE LORD DARTMOUTH. MR. General of his Majesty's ORDNANCE etc. This Map is Humbly Dedicated, and Presented, by G. COLLINS. Hydrographer to the KING. depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Thus Sheweth the Start when the point at A beareth S. W. 2 or 3 Leagues of. depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Thus Sheweth Dartmouth when the Harbour's mouth at C beareth N. by W. 3 miles of. depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Thus Sheweth Dartmouth when it beareth W. N. W. 2 miles. chart of Plymouth PLYMOUTH To the Rt. honble. ARTHUR Earl of TORRINGTON Baro HERBERT of Torbay. First Lt. of the Admiralty ADMIRAL of their Ma.tie Navy & Capt. Gen ll. of the Narrow Seas. Humbly Dedicat●● By Ct. G: Collins Hydrogr. to the KING. chart of River Fowey FOWEY & MOUNTS-BAY Is most Humbly Presented & Dedicated To the RIGHT REVEREND FATHER IN GOD JONATHAN LORD BISHOP OF BRISTOL By Capt. Greenvile Collins Hydrographr. to the King chart of Mounts Bay depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Thus showeth the going into Fowey when Fowey Castle beareth N b W 3 Miles chart of Falmouth and Carrick Roads FALMOUTH. To S R: PETER KILLIGREW. Baronet. This MAP is Dedicated and: Presented by Capt GREENVILE COLLINS. Hid: to the KING. depictions of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Thus Showeth the going into Falmouth when Pendennis Castle beareth N: W: b N: 2 Leagues. Thus Showeth the going into Helford when the Harborsmouth at A. beareth West 2 Leagues. chart of the Scilly Islands TO THE Honble: THE GOVORNOR DEPUTY GOVORNOR AND COMMITTEES OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY This Chart is Humbly Dedicated and Presented by CAP T: GREENVILE COLLINS Hydrographer to the KING. detailed chart of the Scilly Islands THE ISLANDS OF SCILLY. TO HIS GRACE. HENRY DUKE OF GRAFTON: VICE ADMIRAL OF ENGLAND: & This CHART is most Humbly Dedicated: and Presented by Capt. G: COLLINS. Hydrog ʳ to the KING. 1689 chart of St. George's Channel, the Irish Sea, and the Isle of Man chart of the Bristol Channel To the Right Honourable SR. ROBT. SOUTHWELL KT. Who attended his MAJ. TIE K WILLIAM the 〈◊〉 in his Expedition for Ireland in Quality of Principal Secretary of State for that Kingdom depiction of the King's landing Sept. 8th, 1690 A 〈…〉 hampton near King Road. landed his Ma.tie on the 8t. of Septr. 1690 he sailed in ●7 hours from Duncann●● Fort to King Read and lay that night at Kings Weston at the house of Sr. Robert Southwell. chart of Milford Haven MILFORD-HAVEN. TO HIS GRACE HENRY Duke of BEAUFORT, and Earl of Worcester, Baron Herbert of Chepstoll. Raglan, and Gower. Lord Precedent, and Lord Lieut. of Wales, etc. This Draught of MILFORD-HAVEN. is humbly Dedicated and Presented by Capt. Greenuile Collins. Hydr. to the King. depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea These Hills show at Sea before the ●and● the Seaside chart of Milford Haven and St. Brides Bay Milford Haven and the Islands Adjacent most Humbly Dedicated and Presented to Sr. HUGH OWEN Bart. By Capt. G. Collins Hydrographer to their Majesties. chart of Pembroke north to Amlwch depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Ramsey Island N. W. depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Scamor E. N. E. 2 miles. depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Grasholm N. b. N. 4 mile depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Barzey Island E. b. N. 2 Leagues depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Thus Sheweth Stockham and St. Brides Stockham W. N. W. 2 miles St. Brides To Sr. CLODISLEY SHOVELL Kt. and REAR ADMLL. of the BLUE, This Chart of the Coast of WALES is humbly Dedicated and Presented by Capt. Green: Collins. chart of Holly Island and western Anglesey HOLY-HEAD Is most Humbly Dedicated and Presented to Capt: t: Thomas Hewetson By G: COLLINS Hydrographer to the KING depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Part of Anglesey Carrenpoint Holy head Skerries depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Thus Sheweth Carrenpoint, Holy head and the Skerries Island when the highest part at A beareth S.W.b. S. 3 Leagues. chart of the Menai Strait To the Right Worshipful Sr. William Williams BARR This is most humbly Presented and Dedicated By Capt. G. Collin●. chart of the tip of Anglesey and "Pritest Holme I" chart of the Isle of Man and surrounding coast To the Honble. SR. JOHN LOWTHER Bart. One of the Comm●s●●● for Executing the Office of Lord Admiral of England. 1689 depictions of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Little Ormes head Great Ormes head Thus showeth Great and Little Ormes head when you go over the best of Chester Barr Thus showeth lite●●● Hills than you are on 〈…〉 Chester barr● 〈◊〉 3 ●ill bear 〈◊〉 chart of Liverpool, River Dee and River Mersey A New & Exact Survey of the River DEE or CHESTER-WATER, is most humbly Dedicated and Presented to his most Sacred Majt. WILLIAM the III KING of Great Brita ni. Fran ce. & Ireland By Capt. G. Collins Hydrag he. to the KING. Note that the depth water is set down in Fathams at Lowater in Spring tide. at which ti●● Tides Rise five Fa●●●●● and 3 1/2 at a Ne● Tides chart of the Isle of Man To the Rt. Honourable WILLIAM, E LE, OF DERBY Lord of the ISLE of MAN & This Map is humbly Dedicated and Presented by Capt. G. COLLINS. depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Peel castle chart of the bay of Belfast To the most Potent and Heroic Prince WILLIAM the III of Great Britain France and Ireland KING Defender of the Faith &c This is most humbly Dedicated and Presented by Your Maj es. most Dutiful and Loyal Subject & Servant Capt G: Collins A Prospect of CARRECK-FERGUS. Being the Place where King William landed in Ireland. A. The King in the Mary yacht Capt. Collins B. Prince George in the Henneretta Yacht Capt. Sanderson C. The King going a Shore in Sr. Clo: Chovells Barg D. Sr. C. shovel Rear. Adm ll. of the Blue in the Monk with his Squadron Bonfires on the Shore. chart of Carlingford Lough depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Thus showeth the going into Carlingford, when the Harbour at A. Beareth N. W. by N. 2 Leagues of. Note. that on the Bar you will have 9 and 10 footwatter at lowwater the Common Tides Rise 10 and 12 Foot at Neap Tides. depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Thus showeth the Mountains of Dundrum, which lie to the Northard of Carlingford, when they bore N. N. E. ½ E. about two Leagues of. chart of the bay of Dublin To His Grace JAMES Duke of ORMOND etc. This is humbly Dedicated & Presented by Capt. G. Collins. How these Several Lands show at Sea depictions of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea S o Foreland St. Margretts Church Walmer Castle Thus Sheweth the South Foreland when you are in the Gull Stream, keep St. Margretts Church a little on the side of the third Cliff as at A. and this is the best mark of the Gull Stream Seven Cliffs Beachy head Thus showeth Beachy and the Seven Cliffs when Beachy Head beareth N N W 2 Leagues Beach is a high White steep Cliff the Seven Cliffs are likewise White Seven Cliffs Beachyhead Thus showeth Beachy head and the 7 Cliffs when the Head is E b N 2 Leagues Dunnose Isle of Wight Swan Cliff Thus showeth the Isle of Wight when Dunnose beareth West 5 Leagues the Swan Cliff W N W The Swan Cliff is White 5 Donnose Swan Cliff Thus showeth the Isle of Wight when the Swan Cliff beareth N W 3 W 4 Leagues Donnose Swan Cliff Thus showeth the Isle of Wight when the Swan Cliff beareth N b W Bill Portland White Cliff Thus showeth Portland when it beareth N W b W 2 or 3 Leagues Portland Portland N b E 2 Leagues of Portland St Alban Portland N E 3 Leagues of Portland Thus showeth Portland when it beareth E N E 4 Leagues of St●k● Fleming Darlmouth MOunt Wh●●ler Berry Thus showeth the going in to Darlmouth and the Berry: when Darlmouth beareth N b W 2 Leagues of going into Darlmouth Berry Thus showeth the going into Darlmouth when it beareth N ½ W 4 Leagues of How these Several Lands show at Sea Startpoint Thus showeth the Start when you are a Leagues to the Eastward of it Bolt Praul Start Thus showeth the Bolt Praul and the Start when the Bolt beareth W b N 4 Leagues The Praul W N W and the Start N N W A is the going into Salcom Start Deadman Thus showeth the Start from the Eddy Stone Deadman Thus showeth the Deadman from the Eddy Stone Hinkston Ramhead Maker Plymouth Menstone Gornore Thus showeth the Land about Plymouth when you are 2 Miles without the Eddy stone Start N E b N 5 Leagues Deadman NW 3 Leagues Foy Bindon Looc Thus showeth the going into Foy and Looc when the Castle at C beareth N W by W 3 Leagues And the going into Loo at A N b W 2 Leagues, B is Looe Island Lizard point Thus showeth the Lizard point when it beareth East 5 Leagues of Lighthouse Mills Thus showeth the Islands of Scilly when the Mills bear W b S 3 Leagues of Longshipps' Brezan Cape Cornwall Cape Cornwall Thus showeth Cape Cornwall and the Longshipps when A beareth N and the Longshipps N b W 3 Miles. Cape Cornwall Thus showeth Cape Cornwall when it beareth E N E 3 Leagues St Jues Cape Cornwall Thus showeth the Land from cape Cornwall to St. Jues L●ndy E N E 3 Leagues. The Isle of Lundy N N E 2 Leagues Seaumor Scookham Thus showeth the Island of Milford when the going into Milford at A beareth five Leagues of Light House St. Ann's point Rat Island Sheep Island Thus showeth the going into Milford at A when the Light House beareth E b N 2 Leagues of GREAT BRITAIN's COASTING-PILOT. The SECOND PART. Being a New and Exact SURVEY of the Sea-Coast OF England and Scotland, FROM THE RIVER of THAMES TO THE NORTHWARDS, WITH THE Islands of Orkney and Shetland: DESCRIBING All the Harbours, Rivers, Bays, Roads, Rocks, Sands, Buoys, Beacons, Sea-Marks, Depths of Water, Latitude, Bearings and Distances from Place to Place, the Setting and Flowing of Tides, with Directions for the knowing of any Place; and how to Harbour a Ship in the same with Safety. By Captain GREENVILE COLLINS Hydrographer in Ordinary to the KING and QUEENS most Excellent Majesties. LONDON: Printed by Freeman Collins, and are to be Sold by Richard Mount Bookseller, at the Postern on Tower-Hill. 1693. GREAT BRITAIN's COASTING-PILOT. The SECOND PART. The Explanation of the Marks in the SEA-CHARTS or MAPPS. 21/7 THE Depths of water in all the Maps are all put down at low-water on spring-tidings, as you may see in the Map going into Harwich, Number E. there you will found that between the Naze and the Stone-Bank, there is one Fathom and half at low-water; but where you found a Line drawn between two figures, as in the Margin, show the depth of water at high-water and low-water on spring-tidings, and if there be the Letter f placed by them, than it showeth that the depth is feet, otherwise 'tis fathoms. As for Example; You will see at the going over the Bar at Tinmouth or Newcastle, there you will found 21 above the Line, and 7 below the Line, as in the Margin; which shows that on the Bar at a Springtide there is 21 foot at high-water, and seven at low-water: But if there is not the Letter f by the depth or feet, than the depth is fathom. ☽ Where you shall see a Halfmoon placed by any Rock or Sand, it declares that such Rock or Sand is to be seen at Half-tyde. ← Where you shall see an Arrow in the Margin, it showeth the Tide of Flood setteth the same way the Arrow pointeth; as you may see in the Map of the Isles of Orkney, numbered with the Letter R. D Where you shall see the Letter D placed by any Sand or Rock, such Rock and Sand is to be seen at low-water. It may be expected that I should have given Directions for Sailing from the River of Thames over the Flats into the Downs, and likewise from the River of Thames down the Swim and King's-Channel, and so into the Downs. But upon consideration that these Places are under the Care of Pilots, and for the constant supply of them, the Trinity-house of Deptford-strond, have taken care that there be a sufficient number of them, both for great and small Ships, etc. I laid the Sands down in the Sand-Chart from the Thames into the Downs, and from the Thames to the Buoy of the Gunfleet, as they were most carefully surveyed by Trinity-house; but all the rest of the Charts or Mapps were actually surveyed by myself. Directions for Sailing over the Spits, the Wallet, and by the Naze into Harwich. Harwich. Harwich. HARWICH being a good and convenient safe Harbour, and much frequented by those that use the Northern Navigation, and a place where Ships many times are forced in by bad weather, I have taken care to give such following Directions as will carry any Stranger into that place. Sailing down the Swim or King's Channel, and that you would Sail into Harwich over the Buoy of the Spits Buoy of the Spits. into the Wallet, you must observe your Tides; for at the Spits the Buoy lieth in five, six, and seven foot water at low-water, and the Passage often altereth, sometimes more water, and sometimes lesle. The Buoy lieth on the west end of the Gunfleet-Sand, and the east end of the Buxey, bearing from a flat Steeple, called Great Holland-Church, south and by east: Being over the Spits, you come into the Wallet, Wallet good riding. where is very good Anchoring in five, six, seven, and eight Fathom water; the Sands lying without makes it a most excellent Road. There is a good and deep Channel to Sail into the Wallet between the Gunfleet and the West-Rocks, as you may see in the Map of Harwich, Number E. but this Channel is very seldom used. Being over the Spits into the Wallet, steer away for the Naze, Naze. which may be known by the Trees, and a House that standeth on it; keep about half a mile, or a mile of from the Naze, to avoid the Stone Bank Stone Bank which hath but five foot water at low-water on it, and lieth from the Naze Trees east by north about a mile and a half from the Naze Point; there is but eight or nine foot water between it and the Naze at low-water. Mark●● the Stone Bank Keep Pain's Trees (which lie a little to the southward of Harwich) open and shut with Harwich-Cliff, and this Mark will carry you on the Stone Bank, and the Trees on the Corkland just open of the Nazeland will carry you on the Bank also. There is a good leading Mark to carry you between the Naze and the Stone Bank, Mark 〈◊〉 go between ● Naze 〈◊〉 Stone Bank. which is Harwich Steeple on Harwich Becon-Cliff, and will also carry you between the Pye-Sand and the Ridge into the Rowling-ground, Rolling ground where Ships Anchor in three and four Fathom at low-water. The Mark to Anchor in the best of the Rowling-ground is to bring Harwich Windmill two Sails breadth open of Harwich-Cliff. And to Sail from the Rowling-ground to the Naze keep Pain's Trees open of Harwich-Cliff till you bring the Naze to bear south west, than keep Harwich Steeple on the Becon-Cliff to run within the Stone Bank. There is a Channel to Sail from the Naze between the Cork-Sand and the Ridge, How ●● Sail f●●● the Naze between the C●●● and the Ridge. keeping the Naze Trees south west, sailing down north east between the Cork and the Ridge in five, six, and seven Fathom water; and when you have brought Harwich Steeple on the Brewhouse that lieth to the northward of Landguard-Fort, than are you clear of the Cork-ledge. Cork-ledge. This Channel is much used by the Light-Colliers going to the northward. Being in the Rowling-grounds, and that you would Sail into Harwich Harbour, keep close by the Andrews, Andrews. which is a Sand that lieth of from Languard-Fort, and is steep too on the west side; the Tide of Ebb runneth strong over the Andrews the first half Ebb, of which you must have a care; this Sand is dry at low-water. Keep close by the Beach of Languard-Fort to avoid the Altar, Altar. which is a small stoney Shelf that lieth right west from Languard-Fort about a Cable and a halfs length from the Beach at the Fort, on which is but five and six foot at low-water: you may Sail to the westward of it, between it and Harwich-Cliff, according as the Tide is up, and what drought of water your Ship draweth. But if you should chance to go into Harwich at low-water, and your Ship draw above fifteen foot, you must stay for the Flood to have water over the Glutton, Glutton. which is a narrow Ridge, and stretcheth of from the Beach thwart the Channel a little within the Brewhouse that is to the northward of Languard-Fort. Being passed the Glutton, you must keep close to the Beach to avoid the Gristle ●ristle. that lieth in the middle between Harwich and the Beach of Languard-Fort, on which is but three foot at low-water. There is a small Channel between the Gristle and the Guard ●uard. of nine foot at low-water, but when you have opened Dover-Court Church of Harwich Town, than are you clear of the Gristle and Guard, and may Anchor before the Town of Harwich ●●rwich ●arbour. in five Fathom water, or run up into Ipswich-water and Anchor. This is a very safe Harbour; and if a Ship should chance to blow ashore, she cannot take any harm, the shores being soft Owse. There is a Yard at Harwich where many of the great Ships of the Navy have been built, where is a convenient place to haul such Ships (as can take the ground) ashore to Wash, Tallow, stop Leaks, etc. This place is much approved of by the Commanders of Virginia Ships, being very convenient for unloading their Goods, having good Storehouses for that purpose by the water side, and is the best Inlet and Outlet between England and Holland, as is experienced by the Pacquet-Boats, having made this place their station. It floweth here at Full and Change in the Harbour south; the spring-tidings rise fifteen and sixteen foot, and the Neap-tydes ten and eleven foot. Directions for to Sail into Harwich through the Sledway. BEing at the Buoy of the Spits, and that you will not Sail over the Spits, than keep down by the Gunfleet-Sand vanfleet. in seven and eight Fathom water, till you come within two Miles of the Buoy of the Gunfleet, and than come not nearer than nine Fathom; for there lieth of a Spit east south east from the Sand, about a Cables length. To the eastward of this Spit is a small Swatch through the Sand, into which and Goldmore's-Gatt, Goldmore's Gatt. the Tide of Flood setteth strong into the Wallet, of which you must have a care when you come near it, especially in little Wind or Calms you may be hauld on the Gunfleet-Sand. This Sand lieth north east and south west, and drieth in several places. The Buoy of the Gunfleet Buoy of the Gunfleet. beareth from the Naze south east by east easterly. You may stand into seven and eight Fathom along the side of the West-Rocks West-Rocks. into the Sledway, keeping Balsey Church north by west and north north west till you bring Harwich Steeple on the Brewhouse (that lieth to the northward of Languard-Fort) which will carry you clear of the Cork-ledge, on which is two Fathom and a half at low-water, and than stand to the westward, and keep Orford Church and Castle open of Balsey-Cliff a Sails breadth, till you have the Lights together, keeping them so till you are passed the Andrews, and than follow the former Directions for sailing into Harwich. You may stand in upon the Platters Platters. into five Fathom, on which Sand is but two and three foot at low-water; the Ridge hath seven foot at low-water. A great part of the Cork-Sand Cork. drieth at low-water; and lieth in length north-east and south west about two miles and a half long, and a mile broad. West-Rocks. The West-Rocks West-Rocks. lie in length north east, and south west about three miles, and two miles broad, and drieth in several places, full of Banks and Swatches, the Ground rocky and stony in many places. There is a small narrow Channel between the West-Rocks and the Cork. Directions to Sail from Harwich out the Sledway. SAiling out of Harwich, keep close to the Beach of Languard-Fort, observing the Directions going out as you did going in, and when you come near the Andrews, if the Tide of Ebb be made, it runneth strong over them the first half Ebb, of which you must have a care; bring the Lights in one, and Sail out so between the Andrews, the Ridge, and the Platters, till you bring Orford Church and Castle open of Balsey-Cliff a Sails breadth; Sail so till you bring Harwich Steeple on the Brewhouse, and than stand out the Sledway, keeping Balsey Church north north west out. But if you turn out, How to turn out at the Sledway. than turn Balsey Church on the two Trees to the northward of the Wood; and for the other side the Church two Sails breadth open of the Cliff. But if you know not the Marks, you may stand over to the West-Rocks till you bring Balsey Church north by west, and over to Balsey-Sand and the Shipwash, till you bring Balsey Church north west by north and north west. Balsey-Sand. The Marks for the south end of Balsey-Sand. Balsey-sand. is to bring Balsey Church north west half west, and lieth from the shore a long League; this end is steep too, being eight and nine Fathom close by it. The Mark for the north end is to bring Orford Castle between the north by west and the north north west, and the Light-house north half east. This end lieth about five miles from the shore. Some part of this Sand drieth at low-water. Shipwash-Sand. The Shipwash Shipwash-sand. lieth without Balsey-Sand and the Whiting, and drieth in many places at low-water: It lieth in length north by east and south by west about nine miles, and is very narrow, not above a quarter of a mile over in breadth, except the south end, and there it is broader. The Mark for the south end is to bring Balsey Church north west half west about eight or nine miles of. The Mark for the north end is Balsey Church north west, and Orford Light-house north north west half west. Whiting-Sand. Whiting-sand. The Whiting lieth north east by north in length about five miles. At the south end Balsey Church beareth west by south and west south west: and at the north end Orford Castle north west by north in five Fathom water. There is good Soundings on both sides of it. Woodbridge-Haven. Woodbridge-Haven. lieth just at the west end of Balsey-Cliff, and is a Bar-Haven, where is but three and four foot water at low-water; the Bar often shifts there, I advice such as are not acquainted to take a Pilot. After you are in 'tis a very good Harbour, and goeth up to Woodbridge. The water riseth and falleth on the Bar at a Springtide fifteen foot, and at Full and Change it floweth south and south by east. Cutler. Cutler. Cutler is a small Sand that lieth right of from Balsey-Cliff about a short mile, and hath but six foot water on it at low-water, and two Fathom between it and the Cliff. The Mark to go clear of of it, is to keep Harwich Steeple just open of Felsto-Cliff. Hoseley-Bay. Hoseley-Bay Hoseley-Bay. is a very good place to Anchor, you having the Sands without, and is very good clean ground. Directions for sailing from the Sledway into Hoseley-Bay, and out at Winterton-Ness. BEing in the Sledway you Sail into Hoseley-Bay between Balsey-Cliff and Blasey-Sand; I have given you the bearing of Balsey-Sand already; you may Sail from Hoseley-Bay down to the Ness all alongst the Beach, having good Sounding you may turn down with safety. Orford-Ness is a low Beach on which stands two Light-houses, but the Castle and Church are high, and may be seen six and seven Leagues of clear weather. There were formerly two small Sands between the Ness and the Whiting, but they are now worn quite away; the Lights together carry you out between the Shipwash and Albrough-Knaps. Albrough-Knaps Albrough-Knaps Albro●●●Knaps is a small Sand that lieth due east from Albrough Church about five or six miles of, on which there is but two Fathom at low-water. The Mark to carry you clear besides the Lights in one, is Orford Church and Castle together; between the Land and the Shoar you will have twelve, eleven, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, and five Fathom good sounding shoaling gradually. But without this Sand you will have sixteen and twelve Fathom water. Directions to Sail from the Buoy of the Spits about the Longsand-Head and Kentish-knock. BEing at the Spits, keep the Shoaling of the Gunfleet in seven and eight Fathom, and if the Winds are contrary, and that you must turn down, keep the Shoaling of the Gunfleet also, till they bring the Naze Trees north north west, than steer away north east by east and east north east, till the Naze Trees bear west by north, and than steer more easterly till you get into seventeen or eighteen Fathom water to go clear of the Longsand-head and Kentish-knock, but no Shoaler; than steer away south south west if you have the Tide of Ebb; and if you have the Tide of Flood, than steer away south south east and south by east and south, according as you have Tides strong or weak, and that will carry you into the North-foreland. When you are near the Kentish-knock you may see the North-foreland, and it beareth from St. Peter's Church on the North-foreland north north east easterly. But from the Longsand-head it must be very clear to see the Land. This Sand-head lieth from the Naze east south east and south east by east about five Leagues. At the Knock it floweth north and south. But when you are in seventeen or eighteen Fathom of water, and that you would Sail without the Goodwin, steer away more easterly till you get six and twenty, seven and twenty, eight and twenty or thirty Fathom water, and keep that depth till you bring the Lights together which stand on the South-foreland to go clear of the South-sand-head; or bring the Land of Dover open of the South-foreland, etc. Directions to Sail from the Spits down without the West-Rocks and Shipwash. FRom the Spits keep in seven and eight Fathom water down the Gunfleet and West-Rocks; but in turning down be sure to keep the Shoaling of the Gunfleet and West-Rocks, and stand not farther over to the Sunk than twelve Fathom; the Shipwash is steep too, you will have ten Fathom close to it. It lieth in length north by east and south by west; keep it fifteen and sixteen Fathom water, and that depth will carry you two miles without it. Gallaper-Sand. Lieth in length south by west and north by east about nine miles very narrow, Gallaper-sand. not being a quarter of a mile broad; and at low-water there is but two Fathom on it: This Sand is steep too. The Tides run strong over it north east by east, and south west by west. A north and south Moon maketh high-water. The south end beareth from the North-foreland north east half north eight or nine Leagues: and the north end beareth from Orford Castle south east and south east by east about eight or nine Leagues. The Depths from this Sand to the Shipwash are from twenty to fifteen Fathom; and on the south east side of the Sand from eighteen to six and twenty Fathom. Gabard-Sand. Lieth in length north by east and south by west about three miles and a Cables length broad. Gabard-sand. The north end beareth from Orford Castle south east by east and east south east about six Leagues of, and from the Shipwash east twelve miles, and about eleven miles from the Gallaper. Between which two Sands you will have from sixteen to eighteen Fathom, and from the Gaba d to Orford-Ness from eighteen to twenty Fathom. And west north west from the north end there is a small Hole of six and twenty and seven and twenty Fathom not a Cables length over. The Falls. Is a long narrow Sand lying north by east and south by west about five Leagues in length: The Falls. The north end bears from the Lights of the North-foreland east north east about six Leagues, and the south end beareth from the South-foreland east north east half north about five Leagues; and from the North-foreland south east half south; and from Calais north westerly. The shoalest water is near the south end, which is three Fathom and a half. This Sand is steep too, having twenty Fathom close to it; at the north end there is five Fathom. Directions for Sailing from Orford-Ness to Yarmouth. FRom Orford-Ness to Albrough Town the shore lieth north about four Miles, being a Stoney-Beach and good Shoaling. You may Anchor before Albrough in five, six, or seven Fathom good ground. Half way between Albrough and Dunwich there is a Wood in form of a Saddle, and is a good Mark to know the Land, being the first Land discovered when you fall in with this Land. The shore lieth from Orford-Ness to Lastiff north by east. Dunwich, Walter-Swick and Sole, or Southwould go all in at one small Creek, and divides into three Branches. Dunwich on the south Branch, Sole on the north, and Walter-Swick in the middle. This is a Bar-Haven, where at high-water small Vessels go in; there is good Anchoring against these places from eight to twelve Fathom. Southwould Church hath a high square Steeple, and standeth near the Seaside, as you may see, in the make of the Land numbered with the Letter V Sole-Creek lieth four Leagues from Orford-Ness north by east. The Bernard and Newcom are one Sand that lieth from Carthyness to Pakefield; the southermost part is called the Bernard, beginning at Cathyness and ending at Sero; and the northermost part is called the Newcom, and beginneth from Sero to Pakefield. There is not above three and four foot water on these Sands at low-water, there is a Channel within these Sands close to the shore, where small Vessels that are acquainted go at high-water; these Sands lie a long Mile from the shore. This Sand hath good shoaling; stand not nearer it than four or five Fathom. Red-Sand. Red-Sand. Lieth in length north north east, and south south west, about two miles in length, very narrow, not above a Cables length over; when you are on the shoalest part of it, than is Lastiff Church about two Sails breadth over the south end of the Town. It beareth from Sole Church north east by east, from Lastiff south east, from Guntonwood south south east. The Distance from the Sand to Lastiff is two Leagues. You have sixteen Fathom between the Shoar and the Sand; the shoalest water is three Fathom that I could found: but Mr. John Grist of Yarmouth saith that he hath very lately sounded it, and found but two Fathom water on it. You will have eight and nine Fathom within half a Mile of it on the inside, and sixteen Fathom close by it on the outside. Directions for to Sail into the Standford at Lastiff. TO Sail in at the Standford you will see a Light-house which standeth on a Hill to the northward of Lastiff, and as you run in you will see the other small Light-house which standeth on the Low-Beach close by the Seaside; keep these two Lights together, than will they bear north north west northerly, and run in boldly with the Lights till you come into three Fathom water, or a Cable or two Cables length from the shore, than keep alongst close by the Beach to the northward, and when you have brought the highest Light-house west by south, than you are on the shoalest of the Standford, between the Beach and the Home, where at low-water you will have but two Fathom, and two Fathom and a half. The Tides do not Rise and Fall at the Standford above six and seven foot. You may Anchor in Lastiff Road in three or four Fathom, to stay for water over the Standford. At the Standford the Channel is narrow between the Beach and the Home; there is six Fathom close to the Home-Sand. The north part of the Home is called Corton-Sand, for the Home and Corton are but one Sand. Being over the Standford sail down between the Sands and the Shoar into Yarmouth Roads; as you may see in the Map of Yarmouth, numbered with the Letter F. But if you hap to turn into the Standford, you may stand in towards the New-com into four Fathom, and into the Home-head into eight Fathom; and between the Beach of Lastiff and the Home you may stand to the Beach into three Fathom, and over to the Home into seven Fathom: being over the Standford, there is a good turning Channel down into Yarmouth Roads. Yarmouth Haven, or Yarmouth Peer. Ya●m●uth H●●●●. Lieth between two wooden Heads where Ships enter at high-water, at which place the Tides Rise and Fall at a Spring but six and seven foot, and Neap-tydes four and five foot. The maintaining of the Peers of Yarmouth is very chargeable, and towards which Charge the Town of Yarmouth hath had sometimes Relief by Parliament, for this Haven is the only and chief Place for the Herring Fishing; and should this Peer go to decay, it would be the Ruin of the Herring Fishing: and notwithstanding the badness of the Haven, yet such is the Industry of the People of that place, that they have about five hundred Sail of Ships belonging to that place. St. Nicholas Gatt. St. Nicho●●● Gatt. Is a Channel that lieth between Corton-Sand and the south end of St. Nicholas-Sand, which is called the Knowle; this Passage hath altered very much within this five years, there being now a middle Ground which tails of from the Knowle, on which lieth a Buoy, which you keep on the Starboard-side going in, and Corton-Sand on the Larboard-side: The going into this place is now difficult for such as are not acquainted; and since the Sands have altered so much, I think it fit to give no further Directions for Sailing into this Gatt, but advice Strangers to take a Pilot. It is high-water in Yarmouth-Haven at Full and Change south east by south nine hours and three quarters; and the Tide runneth into the Haven, and to the southward in the Road an hour and a half after it is high-water in the Haven, which is quarter tide. Directions for Sailing from Yarmouth Road out at Winterton-Ness, BEing in Yarmouth Road keep close alongst by the shore to Caster-Lights, keeping the Lights together (to avoid the south end of the Cockle) till you come within a Cables length of the Beach, or half a Cables length, than keep close by the Beach till you come to Winterton, where are two Lights which you keep together to Sail out at Winterton-Ness. There is a Buoy on a Spit of Sand that lieth of from the middle, which Channel is very narrow; you leave the Buoy on the Starboard-side going out. There are two more Lights which stand on Winterton-Ness Sand-hills, and are low Lights, and serve to keep clear of the north end of the Middle. But the Lights of Winterton is a high Light, and standeth on high Land, and is seen four or five Leagues of. Winterton Church hath a high square Steeple. Note that there is as much water at Winterness at low-water slack, as there is at high-water slack. The Tides Rise and Fall here but six and seven foot; and at Full and Change it is high-water south east at nine of the Clock. It is very narrow turning in and out at Winterton. The Tide runneth in at the Ness three hours after it is high-water ashore, which is half Tide. Directions to Sail without Yarmouth Sands. BEing of of Lastiff, and that you would Sail without the Sands, keep about four or five miles of in twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, and sixteen Fathom on the back of the Sands. The southermost part of Yarmouth Sands is the Home-head against Lastiff, and the northermost is the middle at Winterton-Ness; the Home and Corton are one Sand; the next is the Knowle, St. Nicholas, Scroby and the Calves Knowle, all which are one Sand; there are small Swatches over them, and are made use of by the Fishermen. The next is the Cockle and the Middle; the Cockle lieth between the Calves Knowle and Caster. Some places of these Sands are dry at low-water. Being on the back of the Sands you may keep four or five Miles from the shore of Yarmouth from twelve to sixteen fathom water, which will carry you between Yarmouth Sands and the Newark-Sand. Newark. Is a Sand that lieth to the eastward of Yarmouth, and the south end drieth at low-water; the south end of it lieth from Yarmouth Steeple east half north three Leagues, and the north end beareth north east half east from the same Staple, and east half north from Winterton Light about two Leagues and a half. There is a brave Channel between Yarmouth Sands and the Newark, Newark. the narrowest place being between the north end of the Newark and the Calves Knowle, which is four Miles, and sixteen, seventeen, and eighteen Fathom between them. This Sand commonly showeth itself by the Sea breaking on it at high-water: This Sand lieth north west by north about four or five Miles long. The Overfalls of Newark. The Overfalls of Newark. Lie north east from the north end of Newark, and lie in length north east, having at one place, which is the middle, but three Fathom, and so deepneth towards each end to seven and eight Fathom; you have nineteen and twenty Fathom water close to them; they lie from the Lights of Winterton north north east half east about four or five Leagues. I am told that there are more Banks and Overfalls to the north east of Yarmouth Land too, on which is but two Fathom and a half; but I have no authentic ground for it. Hasebrough-Sand, or the Vrrey-Sand. Hasebrough, or the Vrrey-Sand. Is a Sand that lieth eight Miles from Winterton-Ness, and lieth north east and south west about seven Miles in length, and very narrow, on which is but six, seven, and eight foot at low-water. The south east end beareth from Winterton Church north east by north eight miles; and the south end beareth from Hasebrough Church north east half north, about six miles of. This Sand is steep too, having twenty and one and twenty Fathom close by it on the inside and out side, but the ends lie of shoal, four, five, six, and seven Fathom. Leman and Ower. Are two very dangerous Sands, Leman and Ow●●. the innermost is the longest, and is called the Leman, the body of which lieth from Hasebrough north east by east about eight or nine Leagues: This Sand lieth in length north west by north about six Miles, and at low-water hath not above six, seven, and eight foot water. This Sand is steep too, having two and twenty Fathom close to it. The Ower lieth two or three Miles without the Leman, and lieth in length north west by west about three miles, on which is nine foot at low-water, and is steep too, having two and twenty Fathom on each side of it, and two and twenty Fathom between the two Sands. At the ends of Ower you will have three, four, five, six, seven fathoms a Cables length of, and than fifteen and two and twenty Fathom. How to avoid th● Leman and Ower If you keep a fair sight of the Land you will run within it, for I could not see the Land from the Mast-head of the Yatch, when I rid at Anchor close by the Leman; but being at Anchor three or four Miles within the Leman, I saw the Church and Land of Hasebrough. The Distance between this Sand of the Lemon, and Hasebrough Sand is six Leagues, and the Depth between them is nineteen, twenty, one and twenty, and two and twenty Fathom. Welbank. The south east part of it beareth from Winterton-Ness north east about fourteen leagues, We●●●●●. the north west part of it beareth north and by east seventeen Leagues, and three Leagues from the Leman and Ower. It lieth in length north east and south west one and twenty or two and twenty leagues, and in breadth north west and south east twelve leagues at the south west end, which is the broadest, the north east end growing narrow. There is on this Bank from thirteen to seventeen Fathom water; and two and twenty, three and twenty, and four and twenty Fathom between the Leman and Ower and this Sand, and from four and twenty to eight and twenty Fathom. Between it and the Dogger Bank, and the Distance between this Sand and the Dogger Bank is six leagues. White-water Bank. 〈…〉 Bank. Lieth between the Wellbank and the Broad Fourteens, and lieth north east and south west about ten leagues in length, whereon is sixteen Fathom, and is distant from the Wellbank five leagues. Dogger Bank. The south west end of this Bank lieth north east from the about ten leagues, and is a sharp Point growing broader to the Sand, as you may see in the Map. It lieth in length east north east northerly about seventy leagues, and in breadth ten or eleven leagues; the west end is shoaler than the east end; on the west end you will have ten, eleven, and twelve, and about the middle fourteen, fifteen, and sixteen; and towards the east end from eighteen to four and twenty Fathom. Between Flambrough-head and the Dogger Bank Dogger-●ank. you will have from twenty to thirty Fathom. Directions for Sailing from Winter-Ness to the Humbers-Mouth or the Spurn. BEing without Winter-Ness in ten or twelve Fathom, keep alongst the shore north west within Hasbrough or the Vrrey-Sand: This Sand is steep too; you will have two and twenty fathom close by it: The shore is bold and clean, and very good Anchoring all along. Hasbrough Church standeth on high Land, and is a high Steeple, and may be seen six and seven Leagues of at Sea. From Hasbrough steer alongst the shore till you come up with Foulness, which is high Land, on which standeth a Light-house, but no fire kept in it as yet. From Winterton to this place you may stand into the shore into seven, eight, and nine Fathom water. Blakeney and Cly. Blakeney and Cly. Are two small Towns which lie into a small Creek ten Miles from Foulness. Blakeney is a great Church, and a high square Steeple; bring the Church south east, and run in so into five or six Fathom water, till you see the Buoys; there is but half a Fathom of water at low-water, but at high-water thirteen and fourteen foot: You sail in between two Buoys, and than keep the rest of the Buoys on the Starboard-side going in, till you come up with the Beacons, and there you may Anchor, where you will have two, and two Fathom and a half at low-water; if you run higher up, you lie a ground at low-water. It is high-water here at Full and Change east south east. Wells, Burnham, Lyn and Boston I have not surveyed, Wells, Burnham, Lyn, and Boston not surveyed. being hindered by this present War; but as soon as the War shall be over, I intent to surveyed it all, with the Assistance of such Seamen of Lyn and Boston as are best acquainted with these places. Being of of Foulness Ships, steer away for the Humber on Flambrough-head, in which Course you will meet with many Banks and Overfalls, and this place is called the Well. Many of these Banks wash away, and grow up again in time. I have not heard of any Collier of late years that hath been lost on them. From Foulness to the Spurn or Flambrough-head, you shape your Course according as you have the Tide, of which you must have a great care. The Flood setseth strong into Lyn and Boston Deeps; when you are open of them, the Flood setteth south east, and the Ebb north west. I have no certain Account of these Banks and Shoals: I have discoursed many able Coasters and Colliers, who all differ much in their Bearing and Distances from the Land. At Cromer I was told, That some years ago two Colliers Anchored north north east from Cromer as much as they could see the Land, which might be about seven Leagues of; the one Ship Anchored in twelve Fathom, the other in two and a half at low-water, and is called in the Map Cromer Knowle. Cromer-Knowle▪ Blakeney-Knock. Is a small Bank, lying about six or seven Miles north from Blakeney, Blakeney-Knock. on which is but three Fathom and a half at low-water. Outward Dowsen. Is a Sand that lieth north from Wells about eight Leagues, Outward Dowsen. on which is but three Fathom at low-water. Directions for Sailing into the River Humber up to Hull. TO Sail into the River Humber, Humber. you must have a care of the Dreadful-Sand, on which is but six and seven foot at low-water. This Sand lieth about four Miles, or three Miles and a half from the Spurn. There are two Lights erected on the Spurn, a high Light and a low Light; keep the two Lights together, and it carries you to the southward of the Dreadful, as you may see in the Map of Humber, numbered with the Letter H. There lieth a small Bank between the Dreadful and the Spurn in the Fair-way, on which is but three Fathom and a half at low-water; between the Dreadful and Sand-hail you have 12 Fathom water. Sand-hail shoaleth by degrees; you may stand over to the Sand into five Fathom water. The Spurn is a low stony Beach, on which the Lights stand; but the Land of Kelsey is indifferent high, coming from the northward; the Land is bold and clean; you may come fair aboard the shore from Kelsey to the Spurn, keeping in five, six, and seven Fathom water. About a Mile from the shore, and that Distance, will carry you clear of the Stone-Bank, which lieth of from the Spurn a quarter of a Mile, or more. Bull. Between the Spurn and the Bull Bull. there is ten and eleven Fathom water, a brave turning Channel; you may stand over to the Bull into five Fathom, and so to the Spurn. Hawk. Being within the Spurn you may Anchor in the Hawk Hawk. in three, four, five, six Fathom water: Bring the Light-house east by south about two mile of, and Anchor in five or six Fathom water good Ground. Buoy of Chlyness. The Buoy of Clyness Buoy of Clyness. lieth west from the Light-house on the Spurn four Miles, and two Miles from Clyness; which Buoy you leave on the Larboard-side as you Sail up. Buoy of Burcum. And from the Buoy of Clyness to the Buoy of the Burcum, Buy of Burcum the Course is west north west three Miles; you may keep about half a mile from the Buoys in a Channel of eight Fathom, and Anchor to the westward of the Buoy of the Burcum in Grimbsbay-Road in five or six Fathom. The Buoy of the Burcum lieth on the east end of the Burcum-Sand, on which Sand is but three foot at low-water. The Middle. The Middle Middle. is a long narrow Sand that lieth between the Buoys of Clynness, Burcum and the Sunk. In the Fair-way between the two Buoys and the Sunk there is a good Channel of either side of eight or nine Fathom water. This Middle hath six and seven foot on the middle of it at low-water, and deepneth towards the ends to three and four Fathom. You may steer up the north Channel between the Middle and the Sunk, keeping the shoaling of the Sunk in four, five, or six Fathom; when you come near the west end of the Sunk, keep nearest to the Sunk, for overagainst it lieth a Flat of from the shore of the Marsh, called Staningbrough-Flats; bring Patrington Church on the House on the Sunk, than are you just come on it. Being passed this Flat, than keep the Larboard-shoar, to avoid the Foulhome; when you have Ottringam Church on Saltawood, than are you abreast the Foulhome; a Mile above which is Whitebooth-Road, which is the best Road in the Humber. The Mark to Anchor in Whitebooth-Road is to bring Patrington Church on Saltawood, as you may see in the Map. Hull. From Whitebooth-Road, if you will Sail up to Hull, Hull. steer away for Paul, and keep that shore till you bring a white House, which is the Town-Hall, and is kept white for a leading Mark. Keep this white House on the South-Blockhouse by the water side, and these two Marks together will carry you clear of Skitterness-Sand, which lieth half Channel over from Skitterness. You Anchor before the Town in five, six, or seven Fathom at low-water, where is a very strong Tide, especially upon a Spring. The Ships that belong to the Town go into the River Hull, and there lie in safety by the shore. It is high-water here at Full and Change East and West. The spring-tidings rise and Fall eighteen foot. Flambrough-head. 〈…〉. From the Spurn to Flambrough-head the Course is north and by west Distance nine Leagues, a bold and clear shore. Flambrough-head is a high Promontory, on which standeth a high Light-house, but doth not burn as yet. Burlington-Bay. On the south side of Flambrough-head lieth Burlington-Bay, ●●●ling●●●-Bay. where is very good Anchoring, and clean Ground: In which Bay lieth Smithick-Sand, on the shoalest place of it is but ten foot, as you may see in the Map of Burlington-Bay, numbered with the Letter I Smithick-Sand. ●●●thick-●●●d. The north end of this Sand lieth south south west from Flambrough-head, distance two Miles; between it and the Head you have seven, eight, and nine Fathom water; the south end beareth from Burlington-Key south east by east, distance three miles. The shoalest place of the Sand beareth from Burlington-Key south east by east, and east south east. Within this Sand is very good Anchoring in four, five, and six Fathom water at low-water. There is very good going in and out at the west end of this Sand between it and the shore; you may stand in to the shore to what depth you please by the Lead. Burlington-Key. Burlington-Key ●●●ling●●●-Key. or Peer, is a place where Vessels go in and out at high-water, and and lie dry at low-water. It is high-water here at Full and Change in the Peer east north east. The spring-tidings rise thirteen foot. Filey-Brigg. To the northward of Flambrough-head lieth Filey-Brigg, ●●ley-●●igg. which Bridge is a natural Ledge of Rocks that stretch from the shore into the Sea, and is distant from Flambrough-head three Leagues; within which Ledge you may Anchor in five Fathom water at low-water, and is a good Road for northerly winds. Scarbrough. Lieth north west from Flambrough-head five Leagues; the Castle standeth on a Cliff by the Sea side; to the southward of which Cliff is a fair Sandy-Bay, where is a good Peer, as you may see in the Map, numbered with the Letter I; in which Ships lie dry at low-water. It is high-water here at Full and Change east north east. There is good Anchoring in the Road called Scarbrough-wick, in four, five, six or seven Fathom water. The spring-tidings rise thirteen foot. From Flambrough-head to Scarbrough Scarborough. the Land is high, and so Whitby and the River Tease. Robinhood-Bay. Between Scarbrough and Whitby is Robinhood-Bay, Robin-hood Bay. where you may Anchor in six, seven, or eight Fathom water, and is a good Road for westerly winds, but not to the eastward of the south. Whitby. To the northward of Robinhood-Bay lieth Whitby, Whitby. where Ships enter at high-water into a River, where you lie dry at low-water; on the east side is a Beacon; you may lie up as high as the Bridge. There is a Rock lieth of, the Mark to Sail clear of it is Whitby Church-steeple open to the northward of the south Point of the Harbour. Huntly-foot and Redcliff. To the west north west of Whitby it is high land, Huntley-foot and Redcliff. and very remarkable to know the Land by. First there is Huntly-foot, which is a high Hill or Cliff by the Sea side, and is about three Leagues from Whitby. And to the westward of that lieth Redcliff, Redcliff. which is so called by the Colour of the Earth, which is very read. Between which Cliff and Hartley-Pool lieth the River Tease, Tease. which River is not as yet surveyed by me, but as soon as the Wars shall be over, I intent to surveyed it. Hartley-Pool Hartley-Pool. lieth seven Leagues from Whitby, where is a stone Peer, in which Vessels lie very safe, but dry at low-water. As you go into the Peer there is a Beacon, which you leave on the Starboard-side going in, as you may see in the Map numbered with the Letter I. There is good Anchoring in the Road to the southward of the Town in four, five, or six Fathom water. Hartley-Pool is a Peninsula, on the west side of which is the Peer. The spring-tidings rise 13 foot. Dogger and Boat. Dogger and Boat. Are two Rocks that lie two Leagues to the northward of Hartley-Pool, about a Mile from the shore; the Dogger is the biggest, and showeth above water like the bottom of a Vessel, and always above water. The other is lesle, and lieth under water, on which is seven foot at low-water. Sunderland. Sunderland. lieth four Leagues to the northward of Hartley-Pool, and seven Miles to the southward of Tinmouth-Bar. It is a Tyde-haven, where at high-water, on a Springtide, is twelve foot water, and two foot at low-water; but within in Lady-hole, there is one and twenty foot at high-water on a Springtide, and nine at low-water. A little within the Bar, just without the mouth of the River, are two Beacons, called the Stell-Beacons, as you enter into Lady-hole, and there you lie by the Key side at Sunderland. Great Colliers that are laden with Coals, and have not water enough over the Stell, take in the remainder of their Coals in the Road, brought out in Keels. It floweth here at Full and Change north east. Note that you have a foot lesle water over the Stell than over the Bar. Tinmouth-bar. Tinmouth Bar. Tinmouth is the mouth of the River Tine, called Tinmouth-Bar, and ten Miles from the said Bar up the River is the Town of Newcastle. The Entrance of this River may be easily known by a Castle and Light-house which stand on a high Cliff by the Sea side, just on the nroth side of the going into the River. The Entrance is a Bar, on which is but seven foot at low-water on a Springtide, and one and twenty foot at high-water. There are two Light-houses within the Bar on the north shore (besides the high Light-house in Tinmouth-Castle) and are a leading Mark over the Bar; the shore at the north side going in is rocky and stony, and the south shore a Sand, called the Hardened: being over the Bar, open the Lights to the southward, and keep close by the Fort on the north shore, where stands the low Light; being passed that low Light, than Auchor between the two Towns of North and South-Shields. There are several places up this River where are Keys that Ships load at; and some run up as high as Newcastle, and there lie by the Town Keys. The Map of the River Tyne is numbered with the Letter L. Note that the depths of water in the River are feet, and a Line above the figures shows that is the depth at low-water. But where you see a Line drawn between the figures, it shows both high and low-water, as you may see at Tinmouth-Bar; there is seven foot at low-water, and one and twenty foot at high-water; so that the Tides rise and fall at a Springtide fourteen foot. It floweth here at Full and Change south west and north east. Coller-Coats. Is a Peer that lieth a Mile and more from Tinmouth-Castle to the northward, Coller-Coats. and is a Peer where Vessels enter at high-water to load Coals, and lie dry at low-water. The going in to this place is between several Rocks, the way in is beaconed. Seaton-Sluce. lieth five Miles to the northward of Tinmouth-Castle, Seaton Sluice. and is a Tyde-Haven, where small Ships enter to load Coals. There is in the Peer at high-water on a Springtide, ten foot, and at Neap-tydes when the Ships have not water enough out, they go into the Road and there take in the rest of their loading, which is brought out to them in Keels. There is good Anchoring in the Road in four, five, six, and seven Fathom. It floweth here at Full and Change south west by south: The water riseth at a Springtide ten foot in the Peer, and seven foot at a Neap. Blythe. Blythe Bly●he. lieth three miles to the northward of Seaton-Sluce: There are two Beacons on the Sand-hills to the southward of the Entrance into the River, which leads you in between two Beacons; and being between the two first Beacons, or outward Beacons, than steer away close to the second Beacon, and leave it on the Larboard-side, and than run up and Anchor before Blythe-Key, where is sixteen Fathom water at high-water on a Springtide, and six foot at low-water: but between the Beacons going in there is but two Fathom at low-water, and sixteen at high-water. The Rocks which hath a Beacon on it, which you have on the Starboard-side going in, them Rocks show at low-water. There are Rocks that lie to the eastward of Blythe a Mile of from Blythe, which are above water the last quarter Ebb, and lie north and by east three Miles from Seaton-Sluce Peer, of which Rocks you must have a care at high-water, when you Sail alongst shore. It floweth at Blythe at Full and Change south east and by south: The spring-tidings rise sixteen foot, and the Neap seven foot. Cocket-Island. lieth six Leagues from Tinmouth-Castle, Cocket-Island. and above a Mile of shore, and is a good Road for southerly winds. From the south end of the Island to the shore, it is all Rocks and broken Ground, where at low-water at one place there is eight and nine foot, and dangerous; but the north side is bold, only from the north west part of the Island lie of some Rocks about half a Mile; small Vessels may bring the Island south, and Anchor in three and four Fathom, but greater Ships must bring the Island south east, and Anchor in five Fathom at low-water. The Road is clean Sand. chart of "Cocket Isle," "Humble Town" and "Warpworth Castle" PART OF NORTHUMBERLAND Fernie-Isle and Staples. Fernie-Isle and Staples. From Cocket-Island to Ferne-Island and the Staples, the Course is south, Distance six Leagues, and five Mile from Holy-Island. The outward part of the Staples lieth five Miles from the Main. Between the Isle of Ferne and the Main is a good Channel, a Mile and a half broad, where is seven, eight, nine, and ten Fathom water. Between Ferne-Island and Bambrough-Castle is good Anchoring, which place is called Scate-Road, Scate-Road. and is good for east and north east winds. There is a Light-house on the Ferne, but doth not burn. The Staples are a parcel of small Islands or great Rocks, and lie north east from the Ferne. A Mile without the Staples you will have thirty Fathom, and four and twenty Fathom a Stones cast of; keep in eight and thirty and forty Fathom, and that Depth will carry you three and four Leagues from the Staples, (and the high Hills up in the Land) called Chevet-hills, Chevet-hills. bear of each other east by north, and west by south. These Hills are seen eight Leagues of at Sea, and are very remarkable to know the Land. It floweth here at Full and Change south west by south. Note that the Flood goeth to the southward till it is two hours, and two hours and a half Ebb ashore. Holy-Island. Holy-Island. lieth five Miles north west from the Ferne, a fair bold shore, five and six Fathom water. This Island is easily known by a Castle which standeth on a high Hill. On the south side of the Island, which side is little more than half a Mile from the Main, between the Island and the Main, is the Harbour: To Sail between the Staples and the Goldstone. There are four several ways to go in and out the Harbour; First between Ferne-Island and the Main; than between the Staples and the Goldstone; and between the Goldstone and the Plough, and between the Plough and Holy-Island. The broadest Channel is between the Staples and the Goldstone; you may keep within half a Mile of the Staples. The Goldstone Goldstone. showeth from half Ebb to half Flood, and is a small Rock and bold too. To Sail between the Goldstone and the Plough. The Mark to Sail between the Goldstone and the Plough is to bring the Light-house on the Ferne a Sails breadth on the east part of the Megstone, and that carries you between the two Rocks. The Plough showeth the first quarter Ebb, and is a small Rock, the north east end of it is foul about a quarter of a Cables length. There is another Mark to Sail between the Goldstone and the Plough, which is to keep a hole open in the Wall of the east part of Bambrough-Castle, which hole, if you see through, will carry you clear: but this Mark being not easy to be seen, I advice none to use it but such as are well acquainted. The Plough lieth east from the Castle on Holy-Island, and lieth half a mile from Holy-Island. There is five Fathom water at low-water between the Plough and Holy-Island; you may stand into three and four fathom to the Island. Being clear of the Goldstone and Plough, How to Sail over the Bar into the Harbo●● and that you would go into the Harbour, you must stay for the Tide, for there is but nine foot water at low-water over the Bar, between the Partner-still and the Stone-Ridge; bring the Old-Church at Holy-Island north west, and get the Soundings of the Stone-Ridge, being the boldest side; there is one part of the Stone-Ridge always above water, being shingle Stones, keep close to them, being steep and bold: Having brought the Castle north east, Anchor in four or five Fathom at low-water. The Partner-still are a Ledge of Rocks that lie from the Main, and show themselves the last quarter Ebb. There is no failing between Holy-Island and the Main, it being all dry Sand at the last quarter Ebb. This place is much frequented by the Colliers, when they are put away to the northward of Newcastle by bad weather. This Harbour is defended by a Castle and Platform of Guns. Here is good convenience to haul ships ashore to Wash, Tallow, Careen, or stop Leaks. It floweth here at Full and Change south west and by south two hours and a quarter; the spring-tidings rise and fall fifteen foot: The Flood goeth to the southward two hours, and two hours and a half in the Offin after high-water ashore. The Map of this place is numbered with the Letter M. Barwick. Lieth northwest and by west from Holy-Island, Barwick. Distance three Leagues; there is a Bar at the going into the River, The Map of Barwick was Surveyed by Col. Jacob Richards. where at low-water, at a Springtide, is but six and seven foot water; the going in is beaconed, which Beacons you leave on the Starboard-side going in, keeping close to them, as you may see in the Map, numbered with the Letter M. Being in, you may Anchor by the Carrock, or Still-Rock, where is nine foot at low-water, or run up to the Key by the Bridge. It floweth here at Full and Change south west by south. The spring-tidings rise eighteen foot, and the Neap thirteen and fourteen foot. There is good Anchoring in the Road: without the Bar is five, six, or seven Fathom water. A DESCRIPTION OF THE East-Coast of Scotland, WITH The Isles of Orkney and Shetland. St. Tab's-head. ●●. Tab's-●●●d. FROM Barwick to St. Tab's- head, the Course is north west and by north, Distance five Leagues: between these two is a small place, called Haymouth, used by Fishermen with small Boats. Isle of Bass. 〈◊〉 of ●●ss. From St. Tab's-head to the Isle of Bass, the Course is west north west four Leagues. This Island is a high round Island in the Sea, and lieth on the south entrance of Edinborough Frith, a little above a mile from the shore: this Island is steep too all round it; there is fifteen Fathom water between it and the Main. On the south east side of it is a small Fortification with Guns on it, but naturally strong of itself, and not to be taken as long as they have Provisions: there is a Spring of fresh water on the top of it. This Island is a good Mark to know the Frith. Isle of May. The Isle of May Isle of May. beareth from the Isle of Bass north north east easterly seven miles, and is bigger than the Bass, but not so high; on which standeth a Light-house, that Ships may know the Frith in the Night; this Light may be seen six Leagues of. You may Anchor to the eastward of this Island in Eighteen Fathom water, bringing the Light-house west south west; and if your Anchor hold not you will drive into deep water, of which you must have a care to give Cable enough. Dunbar is a small Haven, used by Fishermen and small Vessels. Keith-Isle. From the Isle of May to Inch-Keith-Island, Keith-Isle the Course is west south west, Distance seven Leagues, and from Inch-Keith to Leith south south west three miles; bring Leith south or south south east, and Anchor in Leith-Road Leith-Road. in five, six, seven, or eight Fathom water. Leith-Feer, Leith is a Tyde-Haven, where you enter at high-water, leaving the Beacon on the Larboard-side going in, as you may see in the Map of Leith, numbered with the Letter O. You Sail in between two wooden Peers, and lie dry at low-water by the Keys side. Here you have thirteen foot at high-water on spring-tidings, and ten foot at Neap-tydes. Queens-Ferry. To Sail from Lieth to Queen's Ferry. To Sail from Leith-Road up to Queen's-Ferry, Sail alongst the south shore till you come to the small Island of Cramend, which you leave on the Larboard-side going up, and the Rock-Muckrie on the Starboard-side, and being passed them, steer away west north west, till you open Queen's-Ferry-Town, and so stand away for it, and Anchor before the Town of Queen's-Ferry in five, six, or seven Fathom water. Note that the Tides run very strong here; and those that have occasion to Sail further up, I advice them to a Pilot. Brunt-Isle. Brunt-Isle Brunt-Island lieth south by west from Leith four or five miles, and is a good Tyde-Haven; you Sail in north north west between two Stone-heads, where you lie dry at low-water. The spring-tidings rise and fall here fourteen and fifteen foot, and the Neap-tydes eleven and twelve foot. It is high-water here at Full and Change south west by south; the same throughout the Frith. There are several good Peers in the Frith, but all Tyde-Peers, where Ships lie dry at low-water. Port-Seaton. Port-Seaton. My Lord Winton hath been at great Charges in building a Stone-Peer at Port-Seaton, where is twelve and thirteen foot water at spring-tidings, and nine and ten at Neap-tydes. You may Anchor in the Bay before the Peer in six, seven, and eight Fathom good Ground. Note that it is a general Rule for Anchoring in the Frith, that if you Anchor without twelve Fathom water, you will have good and clear Ground. You may Anchor on the west side of the May in fifteen and sixteen Fathom water. Carr-Rocks. The Carr-Rocks Carr-Rocks. lie of from Fifness east north east a mile in the Sea, the outward Rock drieth the last quarter Ebb, the others are only seen at low-water on spring-tidings. Keep the Light of the May south and by west, and that will carry you clear of the Carr; in the Night come not nearer it than in fifteen and sixteen Fathom water. If you be to the northward of it, you will have fifteen, sixteen, and seventeen Fathom; and if to the southward, you will have two and twenty, three and twenty, and four and twenty Fathom. Inch-Cape-Rock. Lieth from Fifness four leagues north east half north; Inch-Cap● Rock. from the mouth of the River Tay east half south four leagues; from the Red-head south east three leagues and a half, and from the Light of the May north north east six leagues. The Isle of Bass on the Isle of May carries you just on the edge of the Cape-Rock; but the Bass on the east part of the May carries you clear; you have from eighteen to two and twenty Fathom within a mile of it, except the south-west part of it, and there you will have four and five Fathom a mile of, as Mr. Marr saith, who is a very ingenious Mariner at Dundee. The Flood runneth over it south west, and the Ebb north east. This Rock is about a mile long, and a Cables length broad, and drieth the last quarter Ebb, and is very dangerous, especially in smooth water at high-water time. St. Andrew's-bay. This Bay lieth to the northward of Fifness, and between Fifness and the River Tay, St. Andrew's Bay. in which Bay is very good Anchoring for Landerly-winds. In the bottom of which Bay lieth the Town and Haven of St. Andrew's, St. Andrew's-Peer. where is a small Stone-Peer for small Vessels, where at spring-tidings at high-water is ten and eleven foot, and seven and eight at Neap-tydes. Two miles to the northward of this place lieth an Inlet called Eden, Eden. and at high-water showeth as though it were a Harbour, but 'tis only a place for Boats. River of Tay. ●iver of Tay. lieth four leagues to the northward of Fifness, and lieth from the Carr-Rocks north north west. On the north side of the River is a read Sand-hill, called Bukannais, or Bottonnas, on which stand two Light-houses by the Sea side, being a leading Mark to Sail into the River Tay, between two Sands, the one Sand, which is the north sand, is called the Goa, and lieth of east south east a mile and a half of from Bukannais side; the other Sand, which is the south Sand, is called Avertie, and lieth of from the south side of the River, east north east two miles and a half, and drieth at low-water. Between these two Sand-heads in the going into the River Tay, which are a mile asunder, without which Sand-heads is but three Fathom water from Sand-head to Sand-head. Directions to Sail into the River Tay. BRing the highest part of Bukannas-Hill north west, or north west westerly, or the Lights together, till you bring the high pecked Hill, called Dundeelaw, just over Castle-Broughty, which is a leading Mark in; you may Sail within a Cables-length of the low Light by the water side, having six and seven Fathom water; than Sail up west and west southerly, being above Castle-Broughty; keep nearest the north shore to avoid the Newcom-Sand that lieth on the south shore above Castle-Broughty, and than Anchor before the Town of Dundee in five or six Fathom water; bring the Town north east, where is a very good and safe Road for all Winds. If you shall Sail into this River when it bloweth hard, and the Sea high, take two or three hours' Flood with you, more or lesle, according as your Ship is in burden, and be sure to keep a good Head-sail: but if you should go in with the Tide of Ebb, and a great Sea, it is very frightful and dangerous for loaden Ships, all the Channel being of a breach. Directions for Turning into the River Tay. FIrst be well assured of your Ships staying, than take an hours Flood with you, than are you sure of a good Tide running in with you. In turning in you may open the Light-houses a little on either side, and when you are above the Lights, you stand to the northward into three Fathom water, and to the southward to the South-bank, which you may always know by the rippling or Beach of the water in it; the Lead is not sure, for this Sand is steep too. You may open the Marks of Dundeelaw and Castle-Broughty a little of either side. The Map of Dundee is numbered with the Letter P. It floweth here at Full and Change south west by south. The spring-tidings rise sixteen foot, and the Neap twelve foot. Red-head. From the River Tay to the Red-head Redhead. the Course is north east by north about three Leagues. A mile to the westward of Red-head is the Town and Peer of Arbroth, Arbroth. a place for Boats only. To the northward of Redhead is a fair Buoy, called Lounan-Bay, Lounan-Bay. where is good Anchoring in eight or nine Fathom water, Redhead bearing south. Montross-River. lieth four miles to the northward of Red-head; Montross-River. the going in to this River is very narrow; About two Cables length over there lieth a Rock east north east from Scurdinnais, called the Stone, on the south side; and from the north side runs of a Spit of Sand, called the Annot: between this Sand and the Stone-Rock is the going into the River. The Marks to Sail in this River is this; bring the River's mouth west and by south, and run in till you see three Hills lying together in the Country, and a little House on an Island in the River, bring the House on the middle of the three Hills, and this Mark carries you in; run up before Ferry-Den and Anchor in four Fathom, or four Fathom and a half of water, and moar your Ship. But if the Wind blow hard, and the Sea high, be sure of your Ships working, and take notice that the Tide of Flood cometh from the northward, and sets strongly thwart the River's mouth to the southward; but being within Annot, the Tide runneth in strong with you; the River's mouth is all of a Breach when the Winds are out and blow-hard, with the Tide of Ebb. The House on the Island being kept open of the Southland, is also a good Mark to Sail into the River. The Map of Montross is numbered with the Letter P. It floweth here at Full and Change south west by south. Todhead. From Montross to Todhead Todhead. the Course is north east three Leagues; betwixt both is good Anchoring for Landerly-winds. Dounfit. From Todhead to Dounfit Dounfit. the Course is north north east. Easterly three Leagues on the north side is Dounfit, it is a good Bay for Anchoring in nine Fathom water, the Point south. In the bottom of this Bay is the Town and Peer of Stonehive, where at spring-tidings at high-water you have twelve and thirteen foot water, and ten and eleven foot at Neap-tydes. Girdlenais. From Dounfit to Girdlenais Girdlenais the Course is north north east half east four Leagues. A little to the northward of Girdlenais is the Bay of Aberdeen, where is good Anchoring in seven, eight, or nine Fathom water; you may bring the Point of Girdlenais south and south by east. Aberdeen. Aberdeen. Lieth a mile to the westward of Girdlenais, and is a Tyde-Haven, where Vessels enter at high-water; you Sail close in by the south shore: the Entrance into the River is very narrow. On the Larboard-side, going in, is a Beacon, you Sail close by it; the north shore is a low sandy Point, on which is a Block-house, which you leave on the Starboard-side. You must not venture in here without a Pilot, for the Bar often altars: And you are to observe, that no Ship of any Burden, that draws ten, eleven, or twelve foot water, will adventure here, but when the water is very smooth, and the Winds of shore, and spring-tidings. Here are always Boats ready to help Ships in and out. Bokannais. From Girdlenais to Bokannais, Bokanna●● the Course is north north east and north east by north eight or nine Leagues. In the midway between them, is Newbrough-Creek, a place only for small Vessels. Peter-head. Peter-head Peter-head. lieth a little to the northward of Bokannais, and lieth within Calk-Inch. Here are two little dry Peers, only fit for small Vessels to enter at high-water. To the southward of Peter-head is a large Bay, where you may Anchor in eight or nine Fathom water, and may Ride with the Wind of shore: but have a care that the southerly Winds do not catch you there, for than you will have a hard Road. Ratter-head. From Calk-Inch to Ratter-head Katter-head. the Course is north two Leagues. There is a Ledge of Rocks runs of from Ratter-head east north east a mile into the Sea, therefore keep not nearer the shore than twelve or thirteen Fathom; or keep Mormount, (which is a high Hill in the Country, and showeth like a Saddle) in sight above the Sand-hills of Ratter-head. Mormount may be seen ten or twelve Leagues at Sea. Murrey-Frith. Is a deep Bay, M●rr● Frit●. and lieth in between Bokannais (which is the east part of Scotland) and Dungsby-head, which is the north of Scotland. This Bay is known by the name of the North-Frith, as Edinbrough is by the name of the South-Frith. In the western-most part of this Frith lieth too most excellent Harbours, Cromerty and Inverness. Cromerty. Lieth to the westward of Kinnards-head, Crome●●y. which is the north part of Bokannais, twenty Leagues; the going in is almost a mile over between two high Lands, the shore bold and steep, and no manner of danger in going in or out. The best Anchoring is on the south side, just within the mouth of the Harbour. The Town or Village of Cromerty lieth on the south side in the mouth of the Harbour; the north shore of the Harbour is sandy, and drieth at low-water: you may stand into either side of the Harbour by your Lead, the sounding being good, and shoaleth gradually. Five miles above the Harbour's mouth it falleth narrow at Inverbrecky-Ferry, where is fifteen Fathom water; and as you sail further up it shoaleth gradually, there being five Fathom water at low-water five miles above the Ferry of Inverbrecky. The Map of this place is numbered with the Letter Q. This Harbour is able to contain the Navy Royal. It floweth here at Full and Change south and by east. The spring-tidings rise and fall fifteen and sixteen foot, and the Neap-tydes twelve and thirteen foot. Inverness. Lieth to the south end of Cromerty fourteen miles, To sail to Inverness ●●●erness. from the mouth of Cromerty, keep close to the west shore till you come to Chanry-Point, which is a low sandy Point, and there it is very narrow. Being about the Point of Chanry, keep the west shore till you come near to the mouth of Inverness, where on a low Point of the mouth of the River, you will see the Ruins of a Citadel; about a mile from this Citadel lieth a Bar, on which is but fifteen foot at low-water; so that if your Ship draw above fifteen foot water, you must stay for a Tide. Being over the Bar, you may run up the River Beauly, and Anchor at Kessock in ten or fifteen Fathom water. The Town of Inverness lieth a mile up the River, which is fresh water. Being got within the Chanry-Point, you may Anchor before the Town of Chanry, as you may see in the Map. But if any Ship that is not acquainted, and is fearful to adventure up to Inverness, they may have a Pilot at Cromerty. Findhorne. Lieth east south east from Scromerty four Leagues, Findhorne and is a Tyde-Haven, where Vessels enter at high-water. Tarbetness. From Cromerty to Tarbetness, Tarbetness the Course is north east and by north four Leagues, a bold and clean shore; only in the Fair-way there lieth a small parcel of Rocks, about half a mile from the shore, called the Three Kings, which show above water. Tarbet-Bay, or The Frith of Taine. To the northward of Tarbetness Tarbet-Bay or The Frith of Taine. lieth into the westward a deep Bay, called Tarbet-Bay, or The Frith of Taine. Such Ships as have occasion to sail up to Taine must take in a Pilot, for there lieth a Bar about five miles to the westward of Tarbet-Point, where is but six foot at low-water. But in the Bay is good Anchoring for all Winds but easterly. Dungesby-head. From Tarbet-Point to Dungesby-head, Dungesby-head. the Course is north east and by north and north north east fourteen Leagues. Between which Head and the Islands of Orkney is a Channel, called Pentland-Frith, where is the strongest Tide in all the Coast of Great Britain. THE ISLANDS OF ORKNEY. ARE several Islands that lie to the northward of Scotland, in which are many good Harbours, and good sailing between the most part of them. The Tides run very strong amongst them: You will see (in the Map of the Isles of Orkney, numbered with the Letter R.) several Arrows, which show that the Tide of Flood setteth the same way the Arrows Point, and the Tides of Ebb to the contrary. Pomona. Pomona. Pomona is the greatest Island, on which is the Town of Kirkwell, where the Bishop of Orkney resides. In this Island of Pomona are two very good Harbours, Dearsound and Cairston. Dearsound. Dearsound Lieth on the north east end of Pomona, just within the Mulhead, which Head is high land and very remarkable, as you may see by the making of it in the Map, numbered with the Letter S. The Mulhead is bold and steep too; the Harbour's mouth lieth from this Head a League, and the Harbour's mouth is about a mile over. Keep in the middle, for there lieth of some sunk Rocks from Point Nestin, which is on the Starboard-side going in; being passed this Point, than edge to the northward, and bring Point Nestin east and by north, and Anchor in five Fathom water at low-water. It floweth here at Full and Change south east and by south. The spring-tidings rise and fall ten and twelve foot, and the Neap-tydes seven and eight foot in this Harbour. The English Convoy and Fishermen for Iceland, make use of this Harbour most commonly to fill fresh water, and take in Turf for Firing. Provisions are here good and Plenty, all these Islands afford much Corn. Fish of all sorts is very plenty and cheap. Cairston. Lieth at the south west end of Pomona, Cairst●● and is a good and safe Harbour, and is a good outlet to the westward. There are several Channels to sail to it, as you may see by the Map. There is a good Channel at the south end of Pomena, called Hamsound. You sail close by the Point of Rosness, leaving the Island Lamholme on the Larboard-side, and so keep the Island Pomona aboard till you come up to Cairsound. There is a good Channel between South-Ronalsha and Burra, and another broad Sound between the Island of Hoy, Flota, and South-Ronalsha. between the Isle of Hoy and Pomona, are many good places to Anchor in, where you ride Land-locked. The Tides run in and out very strong between the west end of Hoy and Pomona, where you will have great Riplings and Breaches, as though there were shoal-water, yet the Channel is bold and deep, and no danger; in the Harbour of Cairston is no manner of Tide, where you ride with great safety. It floweth here at Full and Change south east. The spring-tidings rise and fall ten and twelve foot. Kirkwell-Road. Kirkwell-R●ad. To sail into Kirkwell-Road, you must sail between Pomona, and Shapinsha, leaving the Island Elgar-Holm on the Starboard-side, and the Island Thieves-Holm on the Larboard-side; being about the Island, stand into Kirkwell-Road, and Anchor before the Town in five, six, seven, eight, or nine Fathom water. Moonos-Bay. M●●nos-●●● There is very good Anchoring to the westward of Kirkwell-Bay, called Moonos-Bay. There are several sunk Rocks that lie to the northward of Kirkwell-Bay, between it and the Island Garsay. But I would not have any Stranger sail that way but with a Pilot. Wiresound. Wiresound. To sail into Wiresound from the eastward you must sail into Stronsa-Frith, between the Mulhead and Stronsa; in which Frith runneth a very strong Tide, especially on spring-tidings, so that if you should Anchor, your Cables and Anchors must be very good to hold, besides the Ground is foul. Here you will have great Riplings and Breaches caused by the strength of the Tides, and yet deep water. Being entered into the Frith between the Mulhead and Stronsa, keep over to Shapinsa, and sail between it and Green-Island, leaving Shapinsa on the Larboard-side, and Green-Island on the Starboard-side, and than sail between Wire, Eglesha and Rowsay, which three Islands make a good Road, called Wiresound; you may turn in with a Tide, there being no danger; only from the south end of Eglesha lieth of some Rocks, of which you must have a care, they lie a mile of Bring St. Agnis Church north east, or east north east, and Anchor in six, seven, eight, or nine Fathom water. This is a good Road, and but little Tide, and is used by the Iceland Fishermen when they are bound for Iceland. Scoknesholm. There is a narrow Channel to sail out at the north end of Wiresound, between Rowsay and a little Island, called Scoknesholm, Scokensholm. where is four Fathom at low-water, keep in the middle between them. But the best Channel is to go out at the south end of Eglesha, and so sail out Westra-Frith, between Rowsay and Westra, keeping nearest to Rowsa, for there lieth some sunk Rocks about two Miles of from Croskirk on Westra. There is a Channel between Stronsa, Sanda, and Eda into Stronsa-Frith, and so to Wiresound, and out of Westra-Frith. I have given you an Account of the best Harbours in these Islands; only there are several others, which are made use of but by small Vessels, which I have no occasion to mention, my only design being to harbour Ships in the best Harbours. Faire-Isle. Between the Islands of Orkney and the Islands of Shetland, is a small Island called Fair-Isle, Fair-Isle. which is inhabited. The Dutch East-India Ships, as they go and come from India, sail between the Islands of Orkney and Shetland, and homeward bond they sand ashore at this Fair-Island for Letters of Advice; but commonly the Dutch East-India Company sand a Ship to meet them here with Advice. THE ISLANDS OF SHETLAND. THese Islands lie away north half east from Bokannais in Scotland about five and forty Leagues to the southward part of them, called Sumbrough-head, and north east from the Island of Orkney sixteen or seventeen Leagues. Shetland is high Land, and very remarkable, as you may see by the making of the Land, numbered with the Letter W. A Description of the East side of the South part of Shetland, from Sumbrough-head to the Isles of Brasey and Nos, and from thence to Laxford and Catford-Sounds. Sumbrough-head. Sumbrough-head. SVmbrough-head is the south part of Shetland: between it and Fitfil-head are three Bays, as you may see in the Map of Shetland, numbered with the Letter W Quindel-Bay. The best is Quendel-Bay, and lieth on the east side of Fitfil-head, and is a good place to Anchor in six, seven, or eight Fathom water; the Sea being open but to four Points of the Compass. West-Voe. A little to the westward of Sumbrough-head is a small Bay, called West-Voe, West-Voe. where you Anchor in seven or eight Fathom water, and is a good Road for all Winds, but from the south to the south east. East-Voe. About a Mile to the northward of Sumbrough-head is a Bay, called East-voe, East-Voe. and lieth south south west in, where you Anchor in three or four Fathom, and is a good Road for all Winds, but north east Winds. As you sail in and out you must keep a Cables length. At the Entry into this Bay is another Bay, and runneth in west and by north, where is shoal-water, not above four and five foot. About six miles to the northward of Sumbrough-head is a little Inlet, where are two Bays, Lewenwick and Sandwick. Lewenwick. Lewenwick Lewenwick. lieth in west north west, and west and by north; and as soon as the Bay opens, you sail in west, and west and by south, and Anchor in seven and eight Fathom water. Sandwick. Sandwich Sandwick. runneth in north, and north and by east, and is a little Bay, where you Anchor in seven Fathom water. The Point of Nonnaise lieth from Lewenwick about a Mile. Island of Musa. From the Point of Nonnaise lieth the Island of Musa Island of Musa. north east about a mile: there is a Channel between the Island and the Main. North west and by north, and north north west from this Island, is a little Inlet going in north, called Eths-Noe, where is but ten and twelve foot. Brasey. 〈◊〉 From the Island of Musa to the Head of Brasey or Wart-hill, the Course is north two Leagues. Between the Island of Brasey and the Main is the going into Brasey-Sound, leaving Brasey on the Starboard-side, there is no manner of danger in sailing in and out at Brasey-Sound. You may Anchor before the Town of Lerwick in five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten Fathom-water Land-lock. The Earl of Sandwich, in the Year 1665. in the War with Holland. Anchored here with the English Fleet under his Command. This is a most excellent Harbour, and much frequented by the Dutch Herring-Fishers Busses; for at these Islands the Dutch begin their Summer-herring fishing, and so follow the Fish from this Place to the Coast of Scotland, and the Coast of England; they begin to fish at Shetland about the middle of June, and continued fishing from thence to Yarmouth, till the latter end of September: there have been five hundred Sail of Dutch Herring-Busses at a time in Brasey-Sound. Here you have fresh water, and Turf for firing, and great plenty of several-sorts of Fish. Island of Nosse. ●●●and of ●●sse. You may very easily know the going into Brasey-Sound by the Island of Nosse, which lieth to the eastward of the Island Brasey, the eastward part of which Island is called Hang-cliff, being a high steep Cliff by the Sea side, and hanging over into the Sea. Wart-hill, or Sandwich-hill is very remarkable, as you may see in the Map of Brasey, numbered with the Letter T. It floweth here at Full and Change south east and by south. The spring-tidings rise and fall eight foot, and at a Neap-tyde five foot; here is but a small Tide: the Flood cometh into the south Entrance, and runneth out at the north Entrance, and the Tide of Ebb to the contrary: the Tides are strongest at the north Entrance. Holme of Cruester. B●ing in Brasey-Sound, and that you would sail out at the north end, called the North-Sound, keep the Main-side till you are passed a small Island, called The Holm of Cruester, The Holm of Cruester for to the westward of this Island lieth some sunk Rocks, called Loofhabor, being passed these Rocks, steer away to the northward, and when you come to the first narrow Entrance, there is a middle bank on which is but fifteen foot water; but there is a narrow Channel of eighteen foot water of each side of it; you may keep of either side of it, the shores being bold, and than you come into a broader place, and than narrow again, which is the northermost Passage; you must keep the Main aboard, and go close by the small Island or Rock called Scotland, for there lieth some sunk Rocks of from Brasey side, as you may see see in the large Map of Brasey: being out at the north end, you have a good Channel out between Beoster-Island and Green-Island into the Sea. The Voes. Between the Island of Brasey and a head Land called the Mull of Esweek, lieth in four deep Sounds and Bays, called by the Inhabitants Voes: the southernmost is called Deal's Who, Deal's Who, and lieth two Miles to the northward of the Island Brasey, and is a Bay, lying in south west and by south two Miles, but not above a quarter of a Mile broad. About three quarters of a Mile from Kebester-Point, which is on the south side, there lieth a Rock called Toagrood, and showeth at half-tyde. It beareth from the said Point of Kebester north east and by north. Laxford-Voe. A Mile to the northward of Deal's Who is Laxford Who, Laxford Who. lying south west and by south two Miles, much like Deal's Who, where is three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten Fathom water clear Ground, and good Anchoring. Websters-Voe. A little to the northward of Laxford-Voe, lieth Websters-Voe, Webster's-Voe. a Mile in west and by south, where is good Anchoring in four, five, six, seven, and eight Fathom water. Catford-Voe. Catford: Who. Catford-Voe is the northernmost and the best, for there you ride Land-lockt for all Winds. This is a most excellent Bay, and able to hold a Navy Royal, where you may Anchor in what depth of water you please, from fourteen Fathom to three Fathom clear Ground. From Sumbrough-head to Nonnais, the Flood runneth to the northward; but from Nonnais to Brasey, the Ebb falleth to the northwards, and the Flood to the contrary, as the Ebb doth from Nonnais to Sumbrough-head, so that the Tides part at Nonnais. A Description of the West-Coast of the south part of Shetland, from Fitfil-head to Scallaway. Colsa-Island. FROM Fitfil-head to the Island of Colsa, Colsa-Island. the Course is north north west two Miles, and from Colsa to the Island St. Ringins, St. Ringins Island. the Course is north and by west two Miles. This Island is joined to the Main by a little Isthmus of Sand, which overfloweth at some high Tides. To the southward of this Isthmus, and within the Island, is a fair sandy Bay, where is a good Road to Anchor in seven, eight, or nine Fathom. There is a good Road to the northward of this Isthmus, where is a good Road for easterly and southerly Winds. Little Heura and Great Heura. Two Miles north and by west from the Island of St. Ringins are two Islands, called Little Heura and Great Heura; Little Heura and Great Heura. between which and the Main is the little Island, called the Holm of Maywick. Between this Island, and the Island Heura, is the Entrance into Clift-Sound, which is a fair and clean Sound, and runneth in north half east two Leagues and a half, having the Island of East-Buro, and the Island Tronzo on the west, and the main Land on the East, and a mile broad in some places, and other places lesle, as you may see in the Map; where you may Anchor in good Ground, from eighteen Fathom to five Fathom. At the northernmost part of this Sound the Island of Tronzo lieth within a Cables length of the Main, at which narrow place is a Bar, where is but six and seven foot water at low-water, and eleven and twelve foot at high-water to sail over the Bar, Keep close to the Main, and within half a Mile of the Town of Scallaway. The best Channel to go into Scallaway, How ●● Sail i●●● Scalla●●● is to sail without the Island of Buro, and bring the Castle of Scallaway north east and by east; there is a leading Mark, which is to keep the Castle of Scallaway just open of the south side of Green-Island, and this Mark will carry you in between Buro, Oxna, and Papa, leaving Buro on the Starboard-side, and Oxna and Papa on the Larboard-side, and so sail in between Green-Island, and the little Island called Narry, which are not above a Cables length asunder: being passed these Islands, run in with the Castle open before the Town, in four, three, or two Fathom water. It floweth here at Full and Change south south east, and south east by south. From Sumbrough-head to Scallaway the Tide of Ebb runneth to the northwards, and the Flood to the contrary. Here I found the Variation to be six Degrees westerly; Variation and the same at the Islands of Orkney. The north part of the Island of Shetland I had not time to Surveyed, the Summer being well spent; at which time I went to the Islands of Orkney, and from thence to Cromerly and Inverness; from which place I parted at the latter end of October in the Year 1685. 1681. I surveyed the Channel from Dover to the Lands end in Cornwall. 1682. I surveyed the Channel from Dover to the Lands end in Cornwall. 1683. Surveyed the Islands of Scilly and the Severn, with Milford-Haven. 1684. Surveyed the Coast from Harwich to Edinbrough. 1685. Surveyed the Coast from Edinbrough to Orkney and Shetland. 1686. Surveyed the Coast from Milford to Chester. 1687. I surveyed Liverpool, the Isle of Man, Carreck-fergus, Dublin, Kinsale and Cork, which is all that is surveyed, and is the most usefullest and necessary part to Navigation. I could hearty wish that the west part of Ireland and Scotland may hereafter be surveyed, etc. COURSES and DISTANCES From Place to Place from LONDON-BRIDGE (All alongst the Sea-Coast) to BARWICK. Note that the Distances are put down in Leagues or Miles, L standing for Leagues, and M for Miles. L. M. FROM London to Gravesend several Courses down the several Reaches 6 2 From Gravesend to the upper end of the Hope west 1 0 From the upper end of the Hope to the lower end of the Hope north and by east 1 0 From the lower end of the Hope to the Buoy of the Nower west 3 2 From the Buoy of the Nower to the Black-Tayl west north west 3 2 From the Black-Tayl to the Shoo-Beacon the Course is north east 1 1 From the Shoo-Beacon to the Whittaker-Beacon, the Course is north north east 1 From the Shoo-Beacon to the Buoy of the Middle north east by north 1 1 From the Buoy of the Middle to the Buoy of the Spits north east 2 From the Buoy of the Spits to the Buoy of the Gunfleet north east 3 From the Buoy of the Gunfleet to the Middle of the Sledway north east and north east and by east 3 From the outward part of the Sledway or West-Rocks to Balsey-Cliff north north west 3 From Balsey-Cliff to Orfordness north east and by north, and north east 4 From Orfordness to Sole-Bay north by east 4 From Sole-Bay to Lastiff north by east and north 3 1 From Lastiff to Yarmouth-Haven 2 From Yarmouth-Haven to Castor-Lights north From Castor-Lights to Winterton-Ness-Lights north and by west, and north north west and north 2 2 From Winterton-Ness to Hasebrough north west 3 From Hasebrough to Foulness north west and by west 2 1 From Foulness to Blakeney north west and by west 3 From Foulness to the north west westerly 19 From Blakeney to the north west 16 From the to Flambrough-head north by west 9 From Flambrough-head to Scarbrough north west 5 From Scarbrough to Whitbay north west and by north 5 From Whitbay to Hartley-Pool north west and by west 7 From Hartley-Pool to Sunderland north by west 4 From Sunderland to Tinmouth-Bar north 2 2 From Tinmouth-Bar to Seaton-Sluce north north west 2 From Tinmouth-Bar to Blythe north north west 3 From Tinmouth-Bar to Cocket-Island north by west 6 1 From Cocket-Island to the Staples north 6 2 From the Staples to Holy-Island north west and by west 2 From Holy-Island to Barwick north west and by west 3 Courses and Distances from place to place alongst the Sea-Coast of Scotland, from Barwick to the Islands of Orkney and Shetland. L. M. FRom Barwick to St. Tabb's-Head north west by north 5 From St. Tabb's-Head to the Isle of May north north west half west 5 From St. Tabb's-Head to the Isle of Bass north west and by west 4 1 From the Isle of Bass to the Isle of May north north east 2 1 From the Isle of May to the Isle of Keith west south west 7 1 From the Isle of Keith to Leith south west by south 1 From the Isle of May to Fifness north by west 2 From the Isle of May to the Carr-Rock north 2 From the Isle of May to the Cap-Rock north north east 5 2 From the Cap-Rock to the Redhead north west and by north 3 2 From the Cap-Rock to Montross north north west 5 From Montross to Todhead north east 3 1 From Todhead to Dunfit north east and by north 3 1 From Dunfit to Girdleness north east and by north 3 From Girdleness to Aberdeen west 0 1 From Girdleness to Buckanness north east and by north 8 From Buckanness to Peter-head north 1 1 From Peter-head to Ratter-head north north west 1 2 From Ratter-head to Kinnards-head north west 1 1 From Kinnards-head to Cromerty west 20 From Kinnards-head to Tarbet-Ness west by north 19 From Ratter-head to Dungesby-head north west 25 From Ratter-head to South-Ronalsha on the Isles of Orkney north west and by north 27 From Ratter-head to North-Ronalsha one of the Isles of Orkney north by west half west 35 From South-Ronalsha to Fair-Isle north east 20 From North-Ronalsha to Fair-Isle east north east 9 1 From Buckanness to Fair-Isle north westerly 40 From Cromerty to Tarbet-Ness north east and by north 3 From Tarbet-Ness to Noshead north north east 11 From Noshead to Dungesby-head north by west 2 1 From Dungesby-head to Stroma north by west 2 From Cromerty to Fair-Isle north north east half east 41 From Cromerty to Sumbrough-head in Shetland north north east half east 48 From Buckanness to Sumbrough-head in Shetland north easterly 47 From Buckanness to Vnst the north east part of Shetland north by east 67 From South-Ronalsha in Orkney to Sumbrough-head in Shetland north east northerly 28 From North-Ronalsha to Sumbrough-head north east and by east 15 1 Thwart Courses and Distances between England, Flanders and Holland, etc. L. M. FRom Winterton-Ness to the mouth of the Maze going up to Rotterdam east by south 28 From Winterton-Ness to Gorey east by south southerly 28 From Winterton-Ness to Flushing south east by east easterly 27 From Winterton-Ness to Ostend south east half south 25 From Winterton-Ness to Newport south east by south 25 1 From Winterton-Ness to Dunkirk south south east 25 2 From Winterton-Ness to the Texel east north east 38 2 From the South-Foreland to Dunkirk east and by south 12 From the South-Foreland to Newport east 15 1 From the South-Foreland to Ostend east northerly 17 From the South-Foreland to Flushing east by north northerly 24 2 From the South-Foreland to the Maze east north east half north 32 2 From the South-Foreland to the Texel north east 51 1 From the North-Foreland to Dunkirk south east by east 14 From the North-Foreland to Newport east south east 16 From the North-Foreland to Ostend east by south 17 1 From the North-Foreland to Flushing east 23 2 From the North-Foreland to Gorey east by north half north 27 2 From the North-Foreland to the Maze east north east 30 From the North-Foreland to the Texel north east half north 48 From the North-Fo●eland to the Gallaper north east half north 9 From Lastiff to Dunkirk south south east half south 32 From Lastiff to Ostend south east by east 30 From Lastiff to Flushing south east 30 From Lastiff to the Maze east by south half south 28 From Lastiff to the Texel east by north northerly 34 2 From Winterton-Ness to the Maze south east by east 31 1 From Winterton-Ness to the Texel east half north 34 From the Maze to Harwich west 32 Thwart Courses and Distances from place to place between England, Holland, Jutland, Norway, and Scotland. L. M. FRom Winterton-Ness to Holy-Island or Heylgelant before the mouth of the River Elve east by north 71 From Winterton-ness to the Naze of Norway north east and by north 113 From Winterton-ness to Bergin in Norway north north east 150 From Winterton-ness to the Statlant in Norway north by east 200 From Winterton-ness to Flambrough-head north west half north 34 From Winterton-ness to Tinmouth-Bar north west half north 47 From Winterton-ness to the Staples north west by north 68 From Winterton-ness to Buckanness in Scotland north north west westerly 100 From Winterton-ness to Shetland north by west 144 From the to the Texel east by south 54 From the to Heylgelant before the mouth of the Elve east half north 87 From the to the Naze in Norway north east easterly 113 From the to Bergin in Norway north east by north northerly 147 From the to the Statlant in Norway north north east 180 From the to Buckanness in Scotland north by west 86 From the to Shetland north westerly 124 From Tinmouth-Bar to the Maze south east 87 From Tinmouth-Bar to the Texel south east by east 80 From Tinmouth-Bar to Heylgelant east by south 106 From Tinmouth-Bar to the Naze of Norway east north east northerly 110 From Tinmouth-Bar to Bergin north east northerly 130 From Tinmouth-Bar to the Statlant in Norway north north east half east 160 From Tinmouth-Bar to Shetland north 95 From Tinmouth-Bar to Buckanness N. 40 From the Isle of May in the mouth of Edinbrough-Frith to the Maze south east half south 106 From the May to the Texel south east half east 98 From the May to Heylgelant before the Elve east south east 120 From the May to the Naze of Norway east by north 109 From the May to Bergin north east by east easterly 120 From the May to the Statlant north east by north easterly 150 From the May to Shetland north 73 From the May to Buckanness north east by north 27 From Buckanness to the Maze south south east easterly 132 From Buckanness to the Texel south east by south 120 From Buckanness to Heylgelant south east half east 132 From Buckanness to the Naze in Norway east half south 100 From Buckanness to the Bergin east north east 96 From Buckanness to the Statlant north easterly 46 From the Statlant to Drunton north east, and north north east 80 From Shetland to the Statlant east north east 80 Note that there is now on the Coast of England and Scotland six Degrees and a half variation westerly, of which I advice all Seamen to allow it in their Courses. A TYDE-TABLE, showing the Time of High-water, when the Moon is at Full and Change, how many Feet the Water Riseth and Falleth at a Springtide, and how the Tide of Flood and Tide of Ebb setteth, beginning at London-Bridge, and so continuing to the Northward to the Islands of Orkney and Shetland. Note that H stands for Hours, M for Minutes, and F for Feet. H. M. F. LOndon-bridge south west 3 00 18 Gravesend south south west 2 30 20 Buoy of the Nower south half west 12 15 Shoo-Beacon south 12 Buoy of the Middle south 12 Buoy of the Gunfleet south 12 Harwich Harbour south 12 Handford water south 12 00 16 Woodbridge-Haven south half east 11 45 14 Albrough-Haven south half east 11 45 10 Orfordness south by east 11 45 Sole-Dunwich and Walterswick south south east 10 30 7 Lastiff south south east quarter Tide 10 30 7 Yarmouth-Haven south east and by south quarter Tide, that is, the Tide of Flood runneth to the southward one hour and half after it is High-water in the Peer. The same at Lastiff and the Standford 10 15 6 Gallapar-Sand south. The Tide runs over it south west by west, and north east by east three or four Leagues a Watch 12 00 16 Gabard-Sand south 12 00 15 At the Maze south south west: but the Tide runneth in one hour and a half after it is High-water; so that a slack Water is a quarter Ebb. The Tide of Flood runneth three hours in the Offin to the Northward, after it is High-water on the Maze, which is Half-tyde 2 15 7 Winterton-Ness south east. But the Flood runneth into the Ness three hours after it is High-water, which is Half-tyde 9 Cromer and Blakeney east south east 7 30 10 from Blakeney to Flambrough-head the Flood setteth south east, and the Ebb north west H. M. F. Spurn east by north 5 15 1● Hull east and west 6 00 16 Burlington-Peer east north east 4 30 13 Scarbrough east north east 4 30 13 Robin-hood Bay, Whitbay, Tease and Hartley-Pool north east by east 3 45 Sunderland north east 3 00 10 Tinmouth-Bar, and North and South-Shields, north east 3 00 13 From Tinmouth Bar to Flambrough-head the Flood setteth south west, and south west by south, and the Ebb to the contrary. H. M. F. Seaton Sluice north east and by north 2 45 10 Blythe north east by north 2 45 10 Cocket-Island south west by south 2 45 15 Holly-Island south west by south 2 45 15 Barwick south west by south 2 45 18 Leith, and all the Peers in Edinbrough-Frith 2 45 14 St. Andrews and Dundee south west by south 2 45 Montross south west by south 2 45 Aberdeen south by west 0 45 Buckanness, Peter-head, and Ratter-head south 12 Cromerty and Inverness south by east 11 45 16 Isles of Orkney south east by south 9 45 12 Shetland south east and by south 9 45 8 FINIS. chart of the English channel, with the coasts of England, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands To the Honourable Sr: RALPH DELAVAL Kt. Vice Admiral of the READ This is most Humbly Dedicated & Presented by Capt Greenvile Collins Hydrographer to the KING. chart of river Thames and coast of Essex The River of THAMES from London to the Buoy of the Noure Sold by Rich & Mount at the Postern on Great Tower-hill London To the Right Worpp ll the Master and Wardens of the TRINITY HOUSE of Deptford Strand This Map is most humbly Dedicat ᵈ and Presented by Capt G: Collins chart of English channel and the coasts of France, Belgium, and the Netherlands To the Honourable Sr John Ashby K ●: ADMIRAL of the BLUE This is most Humbly Dedicated and Presented by Capt: t: G: Collins chart of Harwich Harbor, Suffolk HARWICH Woodbridg and Handfordwater with the Sands from th● Nazeland to Hosely Bay. To the Honble: SAMUEL PEPYS Esqr: Secretary of the ADMIRALTY of ENGLAND. Precedent of the Royal Society & Master of the TRINITY HOUSE of Deptford: Strand. This Chart is Dedicated and Presented by Capt. GREENVIL COLLINS. Hydrog r: to the KING. 1686 chart of Great Yarmouth YARMOUTH and the Sands about it Is most Humbly Presented and Dedicated TO HIS GRACE HENRY DUKE OF NORFOLK &c By Capt. Greenvile Collins Hydrogr to the KING. chart of Blakeney To Sr CLODISLEY SHOU● Kt REAR ADM LL: of the BLUE This is most humbly Dedicated an● Presented BY Capt. G. Collins. chart of the River Humber THE RIVER HUMBER is most Humbly Dedicated and Presented. To the Worshp ll. Corporation of TRINITY-HOUSE at KINGSTON upon HULL. By Capt. Greenvile Collins Hydrogr. to the KING. chart of the bay of Bridlington and Flamborough BURLINGTON BAY. SCARBROUGH & HARTLEPOOLE. To Capt. RALPH SANDERSON this Chart is Dedicated and Presented by Capt. GREENVILE COLLINS Hydrogr to the KING. 1686. chart of Hartlepoole chart of Scarborough chart of the River Tyne To the Worshpl. the MASTER and the Rest of the Gentlemen Brothers of TRINITY-HOUS NEWCASTLE upon TYNE This Draught is humbly Presented and Dedicated by Capt. G: Collins Hydro he. to the KING. chart of Blyth The Depth of the water with 〈…〉 Barr in the River T 〈…〉 Blyth Seaton Sluice and ●●nderland is set down ●●●et, the figures above the line ●●ow the Depth at highwater 〈…〉 below the line low wate● 〈◊〉 Spring-Tyd's chart of Sunderland chart of Holy Island and Staple Island HOLY ISLAND Staples and BARWICK. is most Humbly Dedicated and Presented to Capt. WILL DAVIES vice Admiral to the Rt. Honourable the Earl of TORRINGTON by Capt. Greenvil Collins Hydrogr. to the KING. chart of River Tweed A. Lowwater mark B. Highwater mark C. a Whitepatch in the wall D. a Whitehouse for a mark chart of north coast of Scotland, Shetland and Orkney Islands THE EAST COAST of SCOTLAND with the Isles of ORKNEY and SHETLAND Is most humbly Dedicated & Presented To the Honble: GEORGE ROOK Esq & Vice-admiral of the BLEW. by Capt Greenvile Collins Hydror: r: to the KING. chart of the bay of Edinburgh TO THE Right Honble. JAMES EARL of PERTH Lord Chancellor of the KINGDOM of SCOTLAND. This Chart is humbly dedicated by Capt. Greenvile Collins. HYDROGRAPHER to the KING. chart of Leith depiction of Leith Prospect of LEITH form the East- TO THE Right Honourable Sr. JAMES FLEMING Lord PROVOST of the City of EDINBURGH, And the rest of the Honble. Council of the said Burgh. This Map is humbly-dedicated by Capt. Greenvile Collins HYDROGRAPHER to the KING. chart of Dundee and River Tay To the Honble. the Magistrates of the City of ABERDEENE. This Map is most humbly Dedicated & Presented by Capt. G. Collins Hydrographer to the KING. The Sea Coast from Fiffnesse to montros was Surveyed by mr. Mar. an Injenious mariner of Dundee chart of Montrose chart of Aberdeen chart of northern Scotland (Inverness, Ross and Cromarty, and Sutherland) To the Rt. honble. my Lord Viscount TORBAT Lord Register of the Kingdom of SCOTLAND This Map is Most Humbly Dedicated & Presented by Capt. G. Collins Hydrog he. to the KING. 1689. chart of the Orkney Islands THE ISLANDS OF ORKNEY 〈◊〉 Islands, did once belong to the Kingdom of DENEMARK, But since the Year 1472 to the Kingdom of SCOTLAND. The Arrow marked thus show the setting of the Tide of Flood. TO HIS ROY ᴸ, HIGHS. GEORG PRINCE of DENMARK This Chart is most humbly Dedicated & Presented by Capt. GREENVILE COLLINS, Hydrog he to the KING. chart of the Orkney Islands chart of Kirkwall chart of Graemsay depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Copinsha Horse Mulhead Thus Sheweth the Island of Copinsha when it beareth S. W 3 or 4 Miles of. and the Mulhead west 2 leagues of the Cliffs Show Blac● depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Copinsha Horse Mulh 〈…〉 Thus Sheweth Copinsha when it beareth West a league of. depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Thus Sheweth Fair Isle when it beareth N. E. 3 leagues at n ● time R●wsey if bear W. Sr. W. ½ W. and Nth. Runoldsey with depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Maiden Paps Thus Sheweth the Maiden Paps of of Catnesse. when they bear wt. and the nearest shore 2 miles of. and depth 23 Foth. depiction of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Thus Sheweth Dunkins bay head N. W. b. W. 2 leagues of. The Chief Harbours in the Islands of ORKNEY Are most humbly Presented and Dedicated to Capt. WILL BOND by Capt. Greenvile Collins Hydrogr. to the KING 1688. chart of Bressay, Noss, Lerwick, and the bay of Mainland To the Rt. Honourable DANIEL EARL of NOTTINGHAM. This Chart is most humbly Dedicated and Presented by Capt. GREENVILE COLLINS Hydrog he. to the KING. chart of the southern tip of Mainland in the Shetland Islands The South Part of the Isles of SHETLAND is Dedicated and Presented to Mr John ●olson Teacher of ●● Mathematics in London by Capt Greenvile Collins depictions of coastal landmarks as viewed from sea Becon Dunwich Walterswick Thus Sheweth Dunwich and Walterswick when Dunwich Church beareth N W 2 Leagues of. The Shore side is white Sandy Cliffs Dunwich Southwould vulgo Sole Thus showeth Southwould or Sole when the Church beareth N: W. b. N: 2 Leagues White sandy Cliffs. Lowest often vulgo Lastiff Lastiff Church Lights Thus showeth Lowestost or Lastiff when the two Lights are in one, and bear N: b. W. ¼ Wt. about a League of. Lastiff Church Thus showeth Lastiff when the Church beareth S: W: on the back of Corton sand about 2 ½ Leagues. Wood Light Mill Thus showeth Lastiff from the Reds and when the Church beareth N: W Foulness Light Cromer Dagger Sheild Cly Blakney Priorey Thus showeth the Land from Foulness to Blakeney when Blakeney Church beareth S W: b. S 2 Leagues Spurn Sisters Thus showeth the Land from the Spurnae to the Northward when the Sister Churches bear S: W 3 miles. Light Tower Thus showeth Flambrough head when the light Tower beareth N: N: W: 5 Leagues Thus showeth the Land to the Southward of the Tees called the Read Cliff. Hartlepoole is a high Church with a Square Tower Maiden Paps Sunderland Thus showeth the Maiden Paps and Sunderland when Sunderland beareth W. b: S: 4 Miles. Tantalland Bass Thus showeth the Bass bearing S: W ● Miles Light Thus showeth the Isle of May bearin Nº: 3 miles of. Bowens Boddam Peterhead Thus showeth Peterhead in Scotland 4 Leagues of Skerry bearing W: b: N. Thus showeth New and Old Aberdeen in Scotland when it beareth With: 3 Leagues A: New Aberdeene B: Old Aberdeene