A Guinean Monarch    

A VIEW OF THE English Acquisitions IN GUINEA, AND THE East-Indies, WITH An Account of the Religion, Government, Wars, strange Customs, Beasts, Serpents, Monsters, and other Observables in those Countries.  
Together with A Description of the Isle of St. Helena; And the Bay of Sculdania, where the English usually refresh in their Voyages to the Indies.  
Intermixed with pleasant Relations, and Enlivened with Picture.  
By R. B. Author of the English Empire in America, England's Monarches, and the History of Scotland and Ireland, etc.  
LONDON, Printed for Nath. Crouch at the Bell in the Poultry near Cheapside. 1686.   

TO THE READER.  
HAving in some late Tracts endeavoured to inform my Countrymen of the Grandeur of the English Monarchy, by giving them an Account of the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, and likewise of His Majesty's Dominions in America: The Acceptance they have received, hath encouraged me briefly to discover to them what many have only heard of by discourse, that is, the English Acquisitions in the two other Quarters of the World, Africa and Asia; wherein I have not so much considered matter of Trade as History, by relating the most pleasant Passages I have met with concerning these countries'; If I have in some places seemed to divert from the Design of this small Collection, by adding matters which may appear foreign thereto, I shall not ask pardon, provided it prove either delightful or useful to the Reader, my intent being in all things to please, and not meddle with what may be offensive to any; And if others would do the like, there is no fear of their falling under such ill Circumstances as too many have too lately done to their cost, by forgetting that wholesome Counsel, Study to be quiet.  
R. B.   

An Account of the English Acquisitions Upon the Coast of Guinea in Africa.  

Sect. 1.  
THat Tract of Land called Guinea, comprehends seven hundred Leagues from Cap Verd in fourteen Degrees of North Latitude, and nineteen of East Longitude to Cape Gonsalvo in the first Degree of Southern Latitude, and thirty of East Longitude; The Portugals were the first that ranged this Shore, and having some Intelligence of their Commodities, and the manner of Trading with them; by fair means and force together, they got footing upon the Sea coasts, building Forts in some, and placing Garrisons and Factories in other places, which they then found such a Golden Trade, that they called some Coasts thereof by that name, and perceiving it so beneficial to themselves and their Country, it was an inducement (as what will not Gold attract) to their further search on these Maritine Coasts all along to the Cape of Good Hope, and thereby consequently to the East-Indies; The fair quarter, and courteous usage, which the Inhabitants received from the Portugals already settled there, encouraged them to exchange their Commodities with them, which Trade according to the Custom of that Kingdom was maintained by Factors, upon the King of Portugal's particular account in every Port and Town, as if he intended the profits of Merchandizing should defray the charges of his Conquests and Garrisons, furnishing the Natives with Salt, Iron, Tin, Copper, Basins, Knives, Cloth, Linen, and other European Goods, and receiving in exchange, partly Cattle, Corn, Rice, and the like, but chief Gold itself in great abundance, both in Sand and melted Ingots, which gave Life and Briskness to the further Discovery of those countries', and continuance of that Trade to this very day, though not so considerable as formerly.  
The English and other Nations, desirous to share in this Rich Trade, in short time Sailed thither, and because they had no Forts to Protect their Persons and Goods from the danger of the Portugals, and treachery of the Inhabitants, they were compelled to Anchor along the Coasts near the greatest Towns of Concourse, and signifying to the Negroes what Wares they had brought, by their plausible demeanour, they at length emboldened them to come aboard their Ships, and bring their Gold, the manner of which Trade was very different from that of any other Country; For betimes in the Morning, the wind being then generally off the Shore, and the weather calm, the Natives came aboard in their Canoes and Scutes to Traffic some for themselves, and some as Factors for others, carrying at their Girdles a Purse, wherein were several small Clouts or Papers, containing the Gold belonging sometimes to ten several Men, which though all of the same weight and goodness, yet they readily distinguished, and having made their bargains for Cloth, Linen, or the like, at Noon they returned with the Seabrize again to the Shore; but beside the agreement, these Factors have some small thing for themselves, in reward for their Brokage, but in process of time, the Hollanders frequenting these Coasts, and being well acquainted with the manner of the English Traffic, and coming into the same places where the English Traded and were known, they soon spoilt this Golden Trade, by their sinister and indirect dealing, for Anchoring with the English, whom they found to have a better Trade than themselves, they secretly bribed those Factors aforementioned to carry their Passengers and Merchants aboard their own Ships, and not the English, obliging them to Trade only with the Dutch; Which Craft the English perceiving, used the same Arts to engage the Factors to themselves, so that out-trying each other, these Brokers commonly gained to themselves six or seven per Cent. to the vast prejudice of all Trade upon these Coasts, for the future, since this ill Custom must be kept up by all Succeeding European Merchants;  
It was observed that many Negro Merchants who dwelled up in the Country coming to buy Wares of the Dutch, with great quantities of Gold, and divers Slaves, thirty or more according to their Quality, to carry back the Goods they should purchase, and taking their Lodgings in the Houses of these Brokers, whom they acquainted with their full Commissions and Intentions, and to whom they delivered their Gold, these Factors would go aboard the Flemish Ships with them to Trade and Barter, and if the Negro Merchants were not skilled in the Portugal Tongue, these Brokers would bid the Hollanders not to speak the Morisco Language to them, because they Inhabited far within the Land, thereby giving the Dutch the watchword, that they meant to deceive their Countrymen, and afterward divide the Spoil, so that the knavish Factor connived at the extravagant prizes of the Hollanders to draw the more Gold from the Merchant, whom he likewise cheated, sometimes by putting some of his Gold into his Mouth, Ears, or otherwise, which the Merchant Negro finding wanting in the Scale, adds to the Cheat himself by blowing into the Christians Balance to make it weight; The bargain being finished, and the Negro again landed, the Factor returns back to the Ship, to share his ill got gains with the Flemings; This way of proceeding was very detrimental to the English, and other Christians that Trade upon these Coasts, so that unless they likewise connive with these Factors, their Voyage will be lost, and their Commodities unsold.  
In 1553. Thomas Windam, and Anthony Pintado a Portugal, in two English Ships Traded along these Coasts as far as Benin, where they presented themselves to the King who sat in a great Hall, the Walls whereof were made of Earth without Windows, the Roof of thin Board's, open in divers places; his Nobles never look him in the Face, but sit with their Buttocks on the ground, and their hands before their Faces, not looking up till the King commands them; when they depart they go backward, turning their Faces still toward him. The next year Captain John Lock Sailed into these Parts to Trade for Gold and Elephants Teeth; And after him Captain Towerson made several Voyages thither, who at the River St. Vincent, observed a kind of Pease growing on the Shore like Trees, with stalks twenty seven paces long; At Cape Tres Puntas, they made him Swear by the Water of the Sea, that he would not hurt them, before they would Trade with him; Aban a Negro King treated them kindly with a Pot of Palm or Coco-Wine, which they draw out of Trees.  
The People are handsome and well proportioned, having nothing disagreeable in their Countenances, but the blackness of their Complexion, some of them have flattish Noses, all little Ears, my Dutch Author who writ some years since relates, that the People go all Naked till they are married, and then are clothed from the middle to the knees; At the Marriage of their Daughters, they give half an Ounce of Gold to buy Wine for the Wedding, the Bride in the presence of her Friends swears to be true to her Husband, which the man doth not, for they have as many Wives as they can maintain, yet the first has this pre-eminence, that he can never take another but by her permission, but because the multitude of Wives and Children are counted the greatest honour and riches in that Country, they often persuade their Husbands to take more, and glory therein, the first Wife likewise has the privilege to lie with her Husband three Nights successively, whilst the rest must be content only with one, so that they live very quietly together, a Merchant or Captain will have thirty or forty, the King of Benin had six hundred, wherewith he went in Solemn Procession every year; The King of Fetu's Son had fourteen Sons and twelve Daughters, and kept an hundred Slaves to wait upon them; At Cape Gonsalvo they pinks and colour their bodies, and offer their Wives to Strangers; The King uses his own Daughters when grown up as Wives, and the Queens with the like incestuous abomination make use of their own Sons.  
Their Women (saith my Author) are unfaithful Discoverers of Nature's most hidden secrets, not being ashamed to be delivered publicly in the sight of Men, Boys and Girls. They circumcise both Sexes, after Travel they accompany not their Husbands in three months after; as soon as she is delivered they gave her a drink made of Rice, Mays, Water, Wine, and Mallaguette like our Pepper, after which she lies warm three or four hours, and then rises, washes herself and Child, and so falls to her work as before; Next they give it a name, usually of some Christian they are obliged to, then wrapping it in a kind of Blanket or Skin, they lay it upon Rushes where it continues about five weeks, than the Mother ties it to a board and carries it on her back with the Legs under her armpits, and the hands tied about her neck, where it hangs all day, and never comes off till it goes to bed, and yet few or none of them prove lame or deformed, notwithstanding the shaking of their bodies, they give them the breast over their shoulders, and this may be the reason of the flatness of their Noses by their knocking them continually against the Back and Shoulders of the Mother while she is walking or at work; for it is observed that the Children of their Gentry whose Mothers do not labour, nor carry their Infants about them, have very comely Noses; they wash and rub them every morning with Oil of Palms.  
When they are seven or eight years old, they hang a Net about their Necks, made of the Bark of a Tree, full of Fetiches or little Gods to secure them from the Devil, who they believe would else carry them away; They hang their Hair full of Shells, and Coral, about the Arms and Legs, with several Fetichoes of different qualities, one being an Antidote against Vomiting, a second against dangerous Falls, a third prevents Bleeding, a fourth causes Sleep, a fifth secures them against Wild Beasts, and the like, giving to each Fetisso a different name: They soon learn to speak, go, and swim: When they are born, they are not black, but red: About seven year old they learn them to spin Thread, make Nets, and go a Fishing with their Fathers, and feed as they do, picking up any nasty thing in the Streets, which they eat with good Appetites: The Boys and Girls are all naked together, which makes them have no sense of shame or modesty, they being neither reproved nor corrected by their Parents: They are excellent at Swimming, even at this Age, so that if their Canoe overset at Sea, they are very little concerned, all of them swimming back again to the place from whence they came, and consequently they can Dive with great dexterity and fetch up any thing from the bottom: About twelve their Fathers instruct them how to make a Canoe, and catch Fish; The Merchants bring their Sons acquainted with Europeans, and with the Mystery of Trade: At eighteen they begin to set up for themselves, two or three together hiring a House and purchasing a Canoe; they then cover their Nudities, grow amorous, and their Fathers look out Wives for them: The Girls clean the Houses, pick the Rice, beat the Mays, make the Bread, clean the Kitchen, buy and sell at Market, make Baskets of Rushes and Mats which they wove extreme curiously, but their chief care is to provide Meat and Drink for their Parents, secure their Goods, and all other kinds of good Huswifry; when grown up, they are vary lascivious, and boast of their Gallantries, especially with Strangers, whom they seem to affect above their own Men: They are very careful to keep their Teeth white, have Wit enough, but are very wanton with the Young Fellows stark naked, to please whom they wash, comb, and plait their hair with great curiosity, some paint their Foreheads and Kickshaws red and white, and hang Pendants in their Ears, all love Ribbons especially red, they have Necklaces of Coral, and Bracelets upon their Wrists, Arms and Legs, when they go abroad they were a piece of Silk, Taffeta or other Stuff wrapped about them from the breast to the leg, and have always a great bunch of Keys, though never a Coffer nor Trunk to open, the Virgins make it their whole business to appear acceptable especially to white men, and are seldom barren before, though not very fruitful after Marriage.  
For many years the English frequenting these Coasts, made little benefit thereby, for the Inhabitants grew so subtle, that perceiving their Gold was so earnestly desired by all Nations, they began to know its true value, and set such a rate thereon, that having been formerly often beguiled by others, they grew more wary and circumspect in their bargaining, and to look more narrowly to the measure and goodness of their Commodities, and though at first they knew no distinction of Christians, but thought the Portugals, and all other white men to be of the same Nation, yet they have since learned the particular manners and dealing of each Country, and have found the fairest and squarest Trade from the English, who are therefore most welcome to them, and speed best of any other Nation whatsoever; Especially since his late Majesty's happy Restauration, by whose gracious favour the Traders into these parts were Incorporated, and by their Charter dated Jan. 20. 1662. are entitled, the Company of Royal Adventurers of England Trading into Africa, or the Guinea Company; The Limits of their Trade, being from Sally in South Barbary, to Cape de bona Esperanza, or the Cape of Good Hope, within which Limits all English Ships are prohibited to Trade unless Authorized by them. The Commodities exported by this Royal Company to Africa are Iron, Copper, Slesias, Sheets, Sesse, Perpetuana's, Cowries, Welsh Plains, Manilloes, Boysades, Chints, Rombergers, Coral, calico's, Nicanies, Clouts, Amber, Powder, Muskets, Batteries of all forts, Turkey Carpets, Brandy, Strong Waters, Spirits, Gingharus Taffetas, Beads of all sorts, Buckshaws, Knives and Sheaths, Swords, Tallow, etc. For which they import from thence to England, Gold, Elephants Teeth, Hides, Malagueta, or Ginny Pepper, Red Wood, Ambergris, with several other good Commodities, besides numbers of Negroes for supplying his Majesty's American Plantations to their great advantage; They have likewise divers Forts and Factories established upon those Coasts, for the security and defence of their Merchandise and Commerce in Africa, for the names of some of which I must be obliged to a Gentleman, who has lately traveled thither, of which I shall give a brief account, and touch upon the manners of the Natives and other observables as I pass along.  
The first place he mentions is Gamba, where the English have a Fort, with eight pieces of Cannon, and the Government worth about two Thousand Pound a year; It is Scituate near Cape Verde, so called from its continual greenness, which makes it a most delectable place, being a Promontory, which throws itself into the Sea, covered with green Trees, and causing a very beautiful Prospect by reason of their evenness, seeming as if planted by a line; we have already described the Natives, only may add, that they have generally small Bellies, long Legs, broad Feet, long Toes, sharp Sight, quick Wits, are Envious, curiously Neat, Thiefs, Lecherous, subject to the Pox, of which as well as their Pudenda they are not the least ashamed, yet hold breaking wind backward a great incivility, and wondered at the Hollanders for offering them such contempt; Lastly, they have Stomaches like Ostriches, as appears by their strange and usual repasts, of which I shall next give an account.  
When they go to Market, they wash from Head to Foot, and put on other ; They buy only for one day; Their Bread is made by stamping their Millet as we do Spice in a wooden dish, steeping it over night with a little Maiz, and in the morning laying it on a stone, they grind it with another stone, as Painters do their Colours, till it be dough, which they then temper with fresh Water and Salt, and make Rolls thereof twice so big as a man's Fist, baking them a little on the Hearth, and then eat it; Their Viands are raw flesh, handfuls of Corn, large draughts of Aqua Vitae, Dogs, Cats, Buffles, Elephants, though stinking like Carrion, and a thousand Maggots crawling on them; They have little Birds like Bullfinches which hang their Nests on the small ends of branches of Trees for fear of Snakes, these they eat alive Feathers and all; The Negroes say that up in the Country, they eat dried Snakes, and the guts of Dogs raw, which our Author hath seen, and a Boy who was left on Shipboard in pawn for Money, would privately kill the Hens, that he might eat the raw Guts; They likewise eat raw stinking Fish dried in the Sun, yet can dispense with dainties when they have them; They make a kind of Ale of Mays and Water boiled together, and putting it into a Vessel as large as a Kilderkin, four or five place themselves round, and drink it off, each sending a little Pot full to his best beloved Wife; They lay their hands upon the Head of him that drinks, and cry aloud Tautosi, Tautosi; He must not drink off all, but leaves a little to throw on the ground to his Fetisso, saying I, ou, spouting out some on the Arms and Legs of their Fetisso's, supposing that otherwise they should not drink in quiet; They are great drinkers, and feed as unmannerly as Swine, sitting on the ground, and cramming it in, not swallowing one Morsel after another, but tear their meat to pieces, and throw it into their Mouths, which stand gaping to receive it, they are always hungry, and would eat all day long; Yea the Europeans have great Appetites while they are there; He that gets most, drinks most of their strong Liquors, for they lay up but little.  
The next place belonging to the English on these Coasts is in the River of Sierra Leona, where our Author says, an Englishman dwelled a long time in one of the Isles, having a fair House, guarded with four pieces of Cannon, and was well beloved and protected by the Kings of that Country. In the first War with Holland 1666. our Author being aboard a Dutch Man of War, this English Factor writ to them divers times to desire he might come and Trade with them, they told him he might do it with safety, and upon their Parole, the Englishman called Abraham came aboard them in his Shallop, rowed by three Slaves, accompanied by a Hollander and two others which belonged to him, and was kindly treated, but afterward the Captain contrary to the advice of the rest, treacherously made him a Prisoner; and the three Moors with him, to their great surprisal; And Jan. 1. 1667. their great Shallop was manned out with thirty Men, and one Piece of Ordnance to Besiege and plunder his House, which was built of Brick and Freestone, defended with four great Guns, encompassed with a fair Wood of Palm-trees, which supplied him with Wine; On one side were about twenty Cabins for the Natives, and on the other a Spring of good Water, it being the most beautiful Island upon the River.  
Being about to land, they discovered 200 Moors got together about the House with Firelocks, and a greater number farther up in the Woods, which obliged the Hollanders to make a show of going up higher, as being weaker, and therefore had more occasion for the wind, but the Negroes thought they had been gone to Bower, and dispatch a Canoe to give the King of Boulom the Alarm, which was pursued by the Enemy, who fired into their Boat, and at length took them, they were two young Slaves belonging to the Portugals, who lived with the English Factor, but would confess nothing of their Message; The English in the House observing what passed, fired at them with their Cannon, and three of their Bullets fell within ten paces of the Boat; The Hollanders put themselves out of the reach of their Guns for the present, and came to an Anchor to wait the Tide; About an hour after two Moors belonging to one of the Neighbour Islands made up directly to them in a Canoe, and came within Pistol-shot, but would not be persuaded aboard, the Dutch firing on them, they fled, and stooping for fear of their fire, seemed no higher than Cats; the English in the interim played upon them, though they saw they were out of their reach, to show the Natives they had undertaken their Defence, and desired their Friendship.  
The Tide coming in, the Dutch retreated to their Ship, wherein they found several Moors and Portugals, and among them the King of Bouloms' Son called Bembo, about 35 years old, well proportioned, and abating his Blackness, a very handsome Man, he was a very great Friend of Abraham's the English Factor, and when he understood he was a Prisoner, he instantly interceded for his Ransom, and on Monday noon came on board again with an hundred Elephants Teeth, weighing nine hundred pound weight, and two Civet Cats alive, upon the delivery whereof Abraham was dismissed, the Hollanders giving him a little Barrel of Strong-Waters, a Roll of Tobacco, a Cheese and a Salvo of three Guns.  
In the River of Madre-Bomba the English have likewise a House or Factory not inferior to that of Siorra-Leone. The Kingdom of Boulom, wherein it seated, is principally inclined to the English and Portugals, of which last there are several that inhabit there. Let us now consider the Religion of the Negroes, if we may so call it, which is generally Paganism, they greet the New Moon with horrible roar, and strange gestures of Adoration; they offer their Sacrifices in the Woods before great hollow Trees wherein their Idols are placed, yet this they do rather out of Custom than Zeal, using neither Form nor Method in their Devotions, every one making a God after his own fancy; some seeming to incline to Mahumatism, others to Judaisme, and many of them are Roman Catholics, yet divers affirm, that God who giveth all things, and can do what he pleaseth, and causes Thunders, Lightning, Rain and Wind, is Omnipotent, and needs neither praying to, nor to be set forth in so mysterious a way as that of the Trinity. They believe that when People die they go into another World, and will have occasion for many of the same things they use here, and therefore put part of their Householdstuff into the Grave with the dead Corpse; and if they lose any thing, imagine their Friends in the other World had need of it, and have taken it away:  
They have no Letters nor Books, yet keep Tuesday for a Sabbath, forbearing then their Fishing and Husbandry, and the Palm Wine which is gotten that day must not be sold, but is offered to the King, who bestows it on his Courtiers to drink at night. On this Day in the midst of the Marketplace they place a Table on four Pillars about three yards high, whose flat cover is made of Straw and Reeds woven together, upon which they place many Straw Rings called Fetisso's or God's, and within them set Wheat, Water & Oil for their God whom they imagine devours it; Their Priest they call Fetissero, who every Festival-day placeth a Seat upon that Table, and sitting thereon, preacheth to the People, but what his Doctrine is, the Europeans cannot understand: After this the Women offer him their Infants, whom he sprinkles with Water, wherein a live Snake swims, wherewith he likewise besprinkles the Table, and then uttering certain words very loud, and stroking the Children with some kind of Colours, as if giving them his Blessing; he himself drinks of that Water, the People clapping their hands and crying, I ou, I ou, and so he dismisseth this devout Assembly.  
Many wear such Rings next their Bodies, to preserve them from the mischiefs their angry God might inflict upon them, in honour of whom they daub themselves with a kind of Chalky Earth, which is their Morning Matins; At their eating, the first bit, and the first draught is consecrated to their Fetisso, wherewith they besprinkle it: If Fishermen have not a good Draught, they present a piece of Gold to the Priest to reconcile them to their frowning Saint, who with his Wives makes a kind of Procession through the Streets, smiting his Breast, and clapping his Hands with a mighty noise, till he come to the Shore, where they cut down boughs from certain Trees, and hang them on their Necks, playing on a Timbrel; Then the Priest turns to his Wives, and expostulates with them, and throws Wheat and other things into the Sea as an Offering to appease the Fetisso's displeasure against the Fishermen; When the King Sacrifices to his Fetisso, he commands the Priest or Fitessero to inquire of a Tree, whereunto he ascribeth Divinity, what he will demand; The Priest comes to the Tree, and in a heap of Ashes there provided, sticks the Branch of a Tree, and drinking water out of a Basin, spouts it upon the Branch, and then daubeth his Face with the Ashes, after which the Devil out of the Tree gives answer to the King's questions; The Nobility likewise adore certain Trees, esteeming them Oracles, and they report the Devil sometimes appears to them like a black Dog, and otherwhile answers them without any visible apparition. Some worship a Bird called Pittoie, spotted and painted as it were with Stars, and resembleth the voice of a Bull; To hear this Bird low in their Journey, is reckoned a good Omen, they saying, their Fetisso promises them good Fortune, and therefore they set a Vessel of Water and Wheat in the place where they hear it; And as the Earth and Air yield them Deities, so the Sea is not illiberal to them, but yields certain Fishes whom they Canonize, upon this account, they never take the Tunny Fish, the Swordfish they take and eat, but dry the Sword on his back, which is held in great Veneration: Yea the Mountains are not without honour, and if they did not pacify their Anger by setting daily Presents of Meat and Drink thereon, they believe they would bend their sullen Brows, and as their High Tops threaten to scale Heaven, would overwhelm the Earth, and destroy them all.  
Monstrous Serpents in Africa  
In the mean time, the dearest of his Wives fills all the House with Mourning, the Neighbours and Friends assisting with Songs and Dances; At length they take up the Corpse and carry it to the Grave, which is about four foot deep, and covered with Stakes that nothing may fall therein; The Women come about the Sepulchre, and expostulate thus with him in a pitiful and lamenting voice, Alas, why didst thou die? Thou hadst so much Wheat, so much Maiz, thou wast beloved of thy Family, and they had great care of thy Person, why therefore wouldst thou die? what have we deserved, wherein have we offended thee, what discontent have we ever given thee, to oblige thee to leave us? If he be a man, they add; Thou wert so valiant, so generous, thou hast overthrown so many Enemies; thou hast behaved thyself gallantly in so many Fights, who shall now defend us from our Adversaries? Wherefore then wouldst thou die? Others cry, He is dead, that brave Huntsman, that excellent Fisherman, that valiant Warrior, that great destroyer of Portugals, that generous Defender of our Gountrey, he is departed this World. Then they throw on a little Earth, but none can get in to the Corpse, for he hath with him his Household Stuff, Armour, and whatsoever he used in his life time, and Wine too, if he loved it, to drink in the other World. Lastly, they cover the Sepulchre with a Roof to defend all from Rain; If the King dies, greater Solemnity is used, yea his Nobleses thinking so great a Personage ought to have Attendants, one offers to him a Servant, another a Wife, a third his Son or Daughter, even many of both Sexes to wait upon him, all whom are suddenly slain, and their Bloody Carcases buried with him, yea the King's Wives who loved him best, refuse not this last and everlasting Service, but are willing to die, that they may again live with him. The Heads of the Slain are set upon Poles round about the Sepulchre; Meat, Drink, , Arms, and other Utensils are buried with them; After the Funeral, they go to the Sea, and there use other Ceremonies, some washing, while others play on Basins and Instruments, where the Widow or Widower is laid backward on the water with divers words of complaint, at last they return back to the dead Man's House, where they are very merry, drinking themselves drunk, and washing away all further sorrow.  
Near Cape Miserado, the English have another Aware house or Factory, being in great favour with the Natives, who have no kindness for any other Nation that are Enemies to them; It was called Miserado by the Portugals, either because it is encompassed with Rocks that lie under water, and would inevitably destroy any Vessel which should come nearer than half a League, or because the French who were formerly Massacred here, cried out Misericorde, Misericorde, Mercy, Mercy; Besides the Natives of this place being very cruel, they have denominated the River, and called it Duro, as being hard and fatal to the Europeans. The Government of this Country is absolute and unlimited Monarchy, so that the King is the only and sole Judge in all Causes, and though he admit his Councillors sometimes to give their Opinions, yet he follows his own single resolved determinations; This absolute Power makes him jealous of his Honour, of which he will not endure the least diminution; His Highest Pomp consists in sitting upon a Shield, whereby he signifies that he is the Protection and Defence of his Country, and the Manager of all Wars, pacifying Civil Insurrections, and other weighty matters belonging to him alone; His Title is Dondagh, which is as much as Monarch. When any Nobleman is Disobedient, and will not appear upon Summons, he sends this Koredo or Shield, as if he would upbraidingly say, Be you Lord yourself, and bear the burden of the Country. This peremptory command by the Shield is sent by two Drummers, who as soon as they come near the Offenders Habitation, begin to beat their Drums, and so continue without ceasing till they have delivered the Shield, upon receipt whereof, he must speed away to Court without delay, carrying the Shield with him, which he presents to the King, begging forgiveness for his miscarriages, and so taking up the Earth before the King, humbles himself.  
Those that Address to the King for any favour, make their way with Presents of Ribbons, Elephants Teeth, or such things, which he must deliver at the House of the King's chiefest Wife, who carries it to the King, requesting that the Person may be admitted into his presence; If the King accept it, the Person hath leave to enter, otherwise if any complaints be brought against him, he sends it back, yet so as the Presenter dares not receive and carry it away, but continues his Suit by Friends without intermission, by whose frequent and renewed Mediations, the King at last seeming a little pacified, remits his severity, takes the Present, and calls for the Suppliant, who entering the Royal Presence, goes bowing all along toward the King, who sits on the ground upon a Mat, leaning on a Stool, when he approaches within two steps, he bows himself to the Earth, kneeling down upon one Knee with his his right Elbow on the ground, and names the King's Title, Dondagh, whereupon the King if pleased Answers, Namady, I thank you, if not he sits silent. If it be a Person of Quality and his Subject, the King perhaps causes a Mat to be spread on the ground, upon which sitting at some distance, he moves his request; But if a Foreigner, who comes only to salute the King, he is conducted to him without any further Ceremony, and receives an immediate dispatch; If the Person have any Proposition, Petition, or Complaint to make, an Interpreter is called, who coming with his Bow in his hand, opens the whole matter to the King, sentence by sentence, where to according to the quality of the Affair he receives Answer, with promise, if upon complaint, that when he hath heard the other party, he will forthwith give Judgement according to Right.  
If any man come to thank the King for doing Exemplary Justice in a difficult Cause, after his Presents received, he divests himself of all his  and Ornaments, saving a little Cloth to cover his Virilities, and so casts himself backward upon the groudn, and instantly turning again, rises upon one knee, takes up Earth with his hand, and lays it upon his head, then leaning with one Elbow upon the Earth, he says three times Dondagh, whereupon the King answers sometimes Namady, I thank you, and sometimes otherwise as he thinks fit: The first Address is usually performed in his own House in the presence of his chiefest Wife, but such as concern Justice, or the State of the Country he hears in the Council House in the presence of his Lords. When some Eminent Person sent from a Neighbour King, desires Audience, one of the King's Wives goes with a Present, and tells him who sent it, whereupon the Person appears before the King and takes up Earth.  
When an Ambassador sent from another Great Prince approaches the Borders, he gives notice of his coming, whereupon he is ordered to remain in the next Town till all be made ready which is requisite in the King's Town; There he is received with great Triumphs, which consist in exercising with Bows, Arrows, Lances and Shields, as if they were fight against Enemies, with great Drumming and Songs of War; The Sport ended, the King retires to the Council-House, where after a little stay, inquiry is made if the King may be saluted; whereupon having permission, the Ambassador enters, and kneeling down with his back to the King, and his Bow in his hand bend to the utmost, he allusively implys, that he will set himself to the utmost against his Enemies: Mean time the Ambassadors followers chant forth his praises, as before the King's Servants sung Eulogiums to his Honour: These Encomiums they always begin with Polo, Polo Sammach, and then add, His handiwork is not to be equalled by another man, and then, I will stick as close as Pitch to him that opposes me. The Council-House is open on all sides, with great Attendance round about, where he receives this first Address; After which the Ambassador desires leave to relate his Embassy, but is put off till next day, so retiring, he diverts himself till the appointed time in Feasts and Sportive Recreations. The Ambassador receives Answer by the King's directions from an Interpreter, and then is showed the Apartment for him and his Retinue, where the King's Slaves bring them Water to wash, and the King's Women being very neatly dressed, in Dishes set on their heads bring Rice and Flesh, after which the King sends for his Welcome, Wine and other Presents, as a Kettle, Bason or the like. If any European Merchant bring the King a Present, he is invited to eat with him, but with no Black of what Quality soever will he eat out of the same Dish, but sends their Meat to them by his Women.  
Once a year he makes a Great Feast for the Common People, buying up for that purpose all the Palm Wine, and Herds of , the Heads of which are painted and hung up in the King's Chamber, in testimony of his Bounty: He inviteth also his Neighbour Kings, Caprains and Gentlemen, and then prays and sacrifices to his Fetisso, which is the highest Tree in the Town. The King comes little abroad, morning and evening, his Slaves blow Trumpets made of Elephansts Teeth while his Wives anoint and wash his Body: He sits in state holding in his hand the Tail of an Horse to drive away Flies, being gallantly adorned with Rings of Gold on his Arms, Neck and Legs, and Coral Beads where with he sets off his Beard. The King's Children must maintain themselves when of Age, the People not liking to maintain them idle; the King only bestows on them a Marriage-Gift and a Slave; when he dies, his eldest Brother succeeds in the Throne, and enjoys his Rice, Fields, Slaves and Women. These People believe that the Almighty whom they call Kanuo, will punish all their misdeeds, and reward well-doers, and therefore when oppressed, call for his Aid to do them Justice, continually inculcating. That there shall a time come when all ill men shall receive their deserts. They imagine that their Friends after death become Spirits, whom they call Jannanen, and know all Transactions here below, with whom therefore they hold familiar Colloquies, acquainting them with all their troubles and adversities; When they go into the Woods to hunt Elephants, Buffles, or any other dangerous Enterprise, they go first and offer to the Spirit of their deceased Parents, either a Cow, Wine or Rice, which they leave on the Grave; They suppose them to reside in the Woods, to whom therefore they address themselves with great complaints and lamentations when in affliction; where likewise there most Solemn Acts of Devotion are performed, when no Women nor Children are permitted to come; The King calls upon the Souls of his Father and Mother almost in every matter of difficulty.  
If a Woman be suspected of Adultery, the complaining Husband desires his Wife may be delivered up to Jannanen, or the Spirits of his Ancestors, and brings her in the Evening before the Council Assembled to that purpose, where after there calling the Spirits to her, she is blindfolded, admonished to forsake her evil Life, and not to go to any but her own Husband, and prosently a great noise or murmur is raised, as if Spirits did appear, with some unintelligible (though articulate) sounds, which are interpreted abloud to the whole Congregation, with threatenings, that if ever she commit the like offence again, she shall be punished according to her demerits, and together with her Paramour, shall be carried away by Jannanen, to whom yet none are delivered up but upon clear evidence of their Gild, to which end they have a Water of Cursing or Divination wherewith they extort the Truth in all doubtful matters, compounded of Barks and Herbs boiled together, which when it is enough, the Priest repeats secretly the names of the suspected persons, or other matters to which the Witchcraft must be applied, and then washes the Legs and Arms of those accused with fair Water, after this he puts his Divining Staff, which is bruised and tufted at the end, into the Pot, and drops or presseth the Water out of it upon the Arm of Leg of the suspected Person, muttering these words over it, If he be guilty of this or that, then let this Water scald or burn him till the very Skin come off. If the Party remain unhurt, they judge him innocent, and proceed to the Trial of another till they have discovered the Criminal, who being found, the Executioner instantly leads him bound and blindfold into an open Field or Wood, and placing him on his Knees with his Head bowed down, he first runs him through the Body with a Scimitar, and then chaps off his Head with an Axe, for they do not believe he is dead till his Head is off; The Carcase cut into four quarters after great lamentations, they leave in the Field as a Prey to the Beasts and Fowls, but the Friends take away the Head as a great Present, and boiling it in a Kettle, drink up the Broth, hanging the Scull by their Fetisso or Idol. The like Trial is also made of other offences among the Blacks, so that every one had need be very careful to prevent suspicion.  
Some years since Mendino the King of Manou died, whose Subjects and Favourites made strict inquiry according to Custom, how he came by his end, but the narrowest of their serutinies not being able to make any discovery, they were forced to acquiesce, yet had such an inveterate hatred against Manimassah, Brother of the deceased Mendino, that they forced him to the Trial, which seeing no other Remedy, he underwent without any hurt, as a remarkable sign of his Innocence, whereupon he demanded to be restored to his former Honour and Credit, but instead thereof, the Tryers told him, The King in his Life time was our Common Father, and should not we after his death endeavour to find out what did befall him, or caused him to die it were a great shame for us, we have examined and tried you, but it shall not remain so, we will look farther into the business, and make the Soothsayers acquainted with it; Manimassah mad at these inhuman usages, burst forth at last into these words; This shame is not to be suffered from my own Subjects in my own Country, I will go under the Conduct of the Spirits of my deceased Friends, and seek a dwelling place. In this manner leaving his Native Country, he traveled Northward into Gala, inhabited by a mean and simple People, and won so upon them by his endearing behaviour, that they unanimously besought him to be their Prince, to which he consented upon condition, That they should give him some of their Plants and Venison for an acknowledgement of their subjection. This they yielded to, but such was their brutish Barbarism, that though they owned him their Lord, they used him as their Companion, for being wholly unacquainted with Civility, when any of them brought him Wine, Rice or Flesh, they came again to him to require their Callibashes or Basquets, which unmannerly clownish behaviour, Manimassah so resented, that he withdrew from them, to require assistance from Flansire King of Folgia, whose Daughter he had Married to reduce the Gala's to his Authority.  
The King hearing the request of his Son in Law, lent him many Soldiers under the Conduct of Flonikerry his General, who unexpectedly fell into Gala, and subdued the People, settling Manimassah in an absolute Dominion, who hath ever since contained their Prince, and taught them with sorrow more respective qualities; after this, Flonikerry returned to Folgia, where he was received and welcomed with great applause, and the King willing to gratify him for his honest performances, he according to Flonikerrys Petition, gave him leave to go and Conquer, and settle himself and his People in Cabo Monte an adjacent Country, expressing his kindness in saying, I shall do the desire of his Heart, and sending a considerable force to help him, that he might not be repulsed; Marching toward this place, the Inhabitants being numerous and courageous, were not soon subdued, but at length tired with the continual onsets of their Enemies, who shot poisoned Arrows; which made all wounds though never so slight prove Mortal, a fatal Invention unknown to these People, they went with their Hoods upon their Heads as usual, to ask favour, which Flonikerry naturally inclined to pity, easily granted, bidding them go lie down with their Faces upon the ground according to the manner of that Country in such cases, then coming out of his Fort he trod upon them with his Feet; He than made an agreement with them, which was confirmed as followeth, first some Hens were killed in the presence of them all, of whose Blood the Conquered swallowed a little, as a token of Friendship. Afterward the Hens were boiled, and the Flesh eaten among them, only the Legs were kept for a perpetual Remembrance, for if any Man after that time transgressed or broke his promise, to him were the Legs shown, who upon sight thereof soon recanted for fear of the punishment that would assuredly follow.  
Flonikerry overjoyed at his success, gave free scope to his thoughts to range farther, but for assuring his new Dominion, he first sought to win the minds of the vanquished to him, and then to contract a firm League of Friendship and correspondence with the Lords of his own Country. But wavering Fortune who minds nothing less than contribuance of her favour, will blemish his new got glory with a dire and unexpected mishap, for scarce were the minds of the Nobility united, when there came out of Gala, Miminique Son of the aforementioned Manimassah, with a great Army of Gala's, and others make War upon him, of whose design his Father was not ignorant, having already forgot the kindness received from Flonikerrys Arms in settling him in his new acquired Dominions; Flonikerry upon the first Intelligence drew together his Forces, to whom the Nobles joining theirs, he form a considerable Army, wherewith marching toward the Enemy, they soon met and came to a Battle, wherein by the multitude of their Enemies, they were at first put to a disorderly retreat, which Flonikerry who was of an undaunted Spirit perceiving, and not used to shrink in Fight, digged with his hand a hole in the ground, and put his Knees in it, with a resolution either to die there, or to remain Conqueror, and indeed in one he had his desire, for after a long and sharp contest at length being even covered with Arrows, he was slain on the spot. However his men gathering new courage to revenge their Prince's death, rallied and gave a fresh charge with such fury, that they turned the Fortune of the day, and became sole Masters of the Field.  
The death of Flonikerry, whose body they privately buried, was sometime kept secret till they sent for his Brother Zillimanque to take his charge, who immediately accepting the same, pursued the Victory, and drew near the Enemy's Camp, which he soon surprised, and gave as a spoil to his Soldiers; After which he marched farther, the People all along yielding subjection without blows, whereby they soon became Masters of the whole Country, and gained the reputation of a Mighty People; After which he was poisoned, as was thought, leaving behind him several Sons who were young, and not capable to manage their Father's Conquests. However, Flansire his eldest was admitted Successor, during whose Minority his Uncle Jemmah undertook the Government, but Flansire growing to years, took the Royal Authority into his own hands, and to show that he inherited as well his Father's Valour as Countries, resolves to enlarge his bounds yet farther, and to that end marched with his Forces over the River Galinas or Hens, taking all the adjacent places as far as Sierra Liona, and placing Garrisons therein: Having settled his new Conquests, he returned to his own Native Principality, where he spent a good part of his Life in peace and quietness, when on a sudden there came News from Sierra Liona that Kandaqualla his Governor was driven out thence, and forced to fly with all his People to the Islands of Bananeo, not being able to withstand, Falma of Dogo, who with a mighty Force inveded them; Flansire startled at this intelligence, and knowing nothing more necessary than expedition, sent to the Lords, his Substitutes, to raise an Army and meet him at an appointed Randezvouz; but they having made a private Confederacy with Gamina their Master Flansires' Brother, by his instigation they neglected and slighted his Commands. Flansire, ignorant of this Combination, leaving the Government of his Kingdom, Wives and Children to his treacherous Brother Gamina, marched with his eldest Son Flambore the present King of Quoia, not doubting in the least the Fidelity of his Provincials: He went first by Land to the River of Hens, and from thence in Canoes to the Isles of Bananes, to take with him his People who were driven from Sierra Liona, and so bringing them back thither, he began a sharp War with Falma.  
This Falma had been formerly in great favour with the King of Dogo, or Hondo, but having debauched one of his Wives, the King was thereat so much offended, that not content the offence should, as usual, be bought off with Gifts or Slaves, he caused his Ears to be cut off, and banished him his presence, but length of time so wore out the King's Fury, that Falma was again admitted to Court, where he had not been long, but he began to show his Insolence, and at length addressed the King in these Terms; Sir King, considering the wickedness committed against you my Lord and Master, I am obliged to thank you for your gracious Sentence by which I am punished, whereby every one that looks upon me derides and scorns me, and the rather because the punishment is unusual, and the like offence customarily bought off with Goods and Slaves: Now as you were pleased to punish me, so I desire the like offence in others may be punished in the same manner. It may happen that some of the King's Servants or Subjects may fall into the same Lapse, but if this Sentence be either denied, or not performed, I shall complain against my Lord the King in the Ways and in the Woods to the Jananen and Belli, that is, to all the Spirits and Demons. The King having heard this audacious Speech, took counsel upon it, and notwithstanding this seeming Threat, determined that the punishment inflicted on him should not follow upon all: But yet to pacify him in some measure, he made him General of an Army to recover Sierra Liona out of the hands of Kandaqualla, who presided there for Flansire.  
To repel this Invader Flansire as we said coming to Sierra Liona with an Army, and making sharp War, at length by the help of some Europeans he fell upon the Town of Falmaha, and with Axes cutting down the Treewall, at last they forced an entrance, and set the Houses on fire, whose fury soon increased to an impossibility of being quenched, whereupon Falma unable to resist, fled, whom young Flambore pursued, and though he missed him, yet got great Reputation, the People styling him, The Pursuen of Falma. Flansire having thus reconquered these Countries, and settled Kandaqualla in his Lieutenantship, retreated with his Forces, intending to return to his Wife and Children; But on the way he had notice, that his Brother Gamana had usurped his Kingdom, killed all his Sons he could meet with, taken his Wives for himself, and had set up his Residence at a convenient place near the River of Hens, to intercept and hinder his Brother's approach; and as commonly one Trouble falls in the neck of another, this Rebellion of his Brother was attended with the Invasion of Monou, who dwelled near Cape Miserado, and fell into his Country at Cape de Monto, where they burned the Town, and led away all they met with for Slaves. Flansire understanding these mischiefs, marched toward the River Maqualbary with all speedy, but complaining to the Kanou and Jananies (that is, to God and the Angels) of his distress in these words, To you only it is known, that my Father left me rightful Heir to his Kingdom, which falls to me by the Laws of the Land, seeing I was the eldest: You likewise know that my Brother hath rebelled against me, and hath set himself up to be Lord, be you Judges between him and me in this intended Fight, and if the Cause be unjust that he manages against me, let the mischief fall upon his own head.  
Thereupon he passed with all his Soldiers over the River, where the Armies suddenly met, and his Brother with great numbers of men being slain, he obtained a complete Victory, but still kept the Field, though no other opposition appeared against him. While the King encamped in the Field to be more ready against any other appearing Rebels, his Son Flambore went with a Squadron of Soldiers into the Woods to hunt Civit Cats, and being by his sports got far into them, they discovered some of the Rebels busy in burying the dead body of Gamana the Usurper, who perceiving Flambore and his Followers, immediately fled, imagining he had come purposely with those Forces to search them out, and left the Corpse behind them, with three Slaves in Chains, whom they intended to have dispatched at his Grave according to Custom: Being by this means assured of Gamana's death, when they least expected it, they brought the three Slaves to Flansire, who having from them understood all Circumstances, and how all things stood in the Country, he sent them to their Fellow-Rebels to admonish them to come and ask his pardon; and to ascertain them he would utterly forget their misdeeds; which goodness of the Kings, though presented by the mouth of these Slaves, wrought the desired Effect, for the Rebels immediately submitted, and received their Pardon. This Rebellion thus suppressed, King Flansire with all his Power marched to Cape Miserado to reduce Monou, which he did with great slaughter and spoil of the Country, and then retired home with his Forces, till Monou made a New Insurrection to revenge the Losses of Falma, but in short time he was again in a manner totally subdued by Flansires' People.  
In the Principality of Anten near Tekorari, the Hollanders some years since built a Fort, which in 1664. was attaqued by Sir Robert Holms in behalf of the Royal African Company, with two of the King's Men of War, six Frigates, and some other Ships, and by them with no great difficulty won, but regained the next year by Admiral De Ruyter, being at that time only manned by four or five in health, and about as many more sick Englishmen, leaving in it seven Iron Guns, and six or eight Pounders. Upon the retaking, the Guns being drawn off to the Ship, De Ruyter caused it, as not being tenable, without many People and great Charges, to be blown up into the Air, and totally dismantled with twelve hundred pound of Powder. In the mean time the Negroes of the Mine plundered the Village of Tekorari, and laid it waste with Fire and Sword, out of malice to the Blacks of that place, exercising great Cruelty upon the Prisoners, cutting off their Heads, wherewith they went dancing and leaping up and down, and at last carried them home in token of Victory; they were well Armed according to the Country fashion, some having Caps like Helmets, adorned with Feathers and Horns of Beasts, and Swords hanging on their Bellies, whereon instead of Handles they put the Bones of Lions, Tigers, and other Beasts, their Faces are generally painted with Red and Yellow, which make a very strange and terrible sight.  
In the Kingdom of Fetu the Hollanders have a Fort called Cape Corso, strengthened with a convenient number of great Guns, and manned with a strong Garrison of Slaves, but in 1664 this with the Forts of Tekorari aforementioned Adia, and Anemabo were taken by Sir Robert Holmes for the Royal African Company, but when De Ruyter in 1665. with the Dutch Fleet had forced the English Fort Cormantyn, he spared neither diligence nor cost to regain Cape Corse then in the English possession, and the rather because John Valkenberge the Dutch Commander in chief there, judged it very dangerous that any place in that Country should be left in the hands of the English, alleging that if during the Wars in Europe they were expelled thence, by consequence they might easily be kept out, whereas by the holding of this place, they had an opportunity to settle their Jurisdiction in the Country again, and in defiance of their Power might defend it against them: But finding the Natives sided with the English, threatening nothing but Fire and Sword, having also possessed themselves of a place, where a hundred men might beat off a thousand, it was judged not feasible to be undertaken, without the greatest danger in the World, and therefore at present the design was laid aside.  
In the Kingdom of Fantyn, the chief Town upon the Seacoasts called Cormantyn is the principal place of Trade, for the English, situate upon a very high Mountain; It is the fairest and most delightful prospect upon the whole Coast, near which the English have a Castle fortified with four Bulwarks. In 1665. Feb. 8. This Cormantyn was surreptitiously attaqued by the Dutch, the manner thus; The Holland Fleet coming to Anchor Feb. 6. westward of Cormantyn, the next day they got four or five hundred Canoes with Negroes from the Castle Deal Mine, with which well manned they departed from the Fleet, intending to land at Anemabo, but were upon their approach near the Shore, saluted by the Negroes of Cormantyn, who lay behind the cliffs and bushes with Muskets and great Ordnance, playing from the Fort with such fury and violence that they were beaten back, and forced to retreat without doing any thing. This Enterprise was afterward twice reattempted upon hopes of having brought the Negroes to side with them, but without success, however resolving not to quit it, they came at last to a more strict alliance with the Negroes, who for security of their Faith delivered several Hostages into their hands; and the design was to be executed with the first opportunity; Having pitched on a time, at Night a Negro called Antonio, came in a Canoe sent by the Inhabitants of Fantyn, declaring that the People about Anemabo, and Adja could not be ready at the appointed hour, but in the Morning they would not fail them of their promised assistance, adding that early in the Morning at the new cast up Fort of Adja the Prince's flag should be set up, upon which sign the Dutch might land with their whole Force. This concluded, the chief Commanders of the Fleet resolved the following Morning to make the onset, yet beforehand sent a Letter to the English Commander in chief, requiring the surrender of the Fort without opposition. Accordingly at eight a Clock in the Morning, the Prince's Flag being raised upon the new erected Fort of Adja, they launched through with much hazard near the same Fort, and marched in order along the Shore with three thousand Negroes, every one with a Linen Cloth about his Neck to distinguish them from other Blacks, and came about Noon to Anemabo, drawing forth about a Musket shot westward of Cormantyn, to a Hill planted with three Pieces of Ordnance, where they found stout opposition, but at length overpowered they fled, and then the Hollanders entered the Town, and set it on Fire, the Flame and Smoke whereof suddenly surprised the Garrison in the Castle, insomuch that as soon as they saw the Soldiers with scaling Ladders, hand Granades, and other Utensils of War under their Walls, they took down the red Flag from the Tower, and immediately as it were without a stroke delivered it up. Into this Castle were Soldiers out of the Castle of Mine instantly put to secure it; To the subduing this Fort, the Hollanders were not a little animated by the promise of assistance from the Natives of Fantyn, which they purchased of them as we hinted before, for fifty two Bars of Gold, to the value of two thousand five hundred Pound English Money.  
Half a mile West from Cormantyn stands Anemabo, one half whereof is inhabited by the Fishermen of the Mine, and the other by those of Fantyn; At Cannon shot distance West from this lies Adja, where the Dutch had a Fort taken by the English in 1664. and by them kept till the attempt upon Cormantyn, when they blew it up with Gunpowder by Stratagem, for having laid an heap of Earth at the Mine, they intended when any came thereon with hopes of plunder, to have blown them up by Springing the Mine, but little harm was done, however the English in the mean time left the place and retreated to Cormantyn. Between Adja and Anemabo lies a Town called Janasia, where the English have a Fort. The principal places of Trade lying near the Sea, and frequented by the Whites are Cormantyn and Ademabo, the former having been the chief place of the English upon this Coast for some years, where they got the best sort of Goods, and enjoyed most Friendship, for the support whereof, they built that Fort planted with forty two Pieces of Ordnance, and fortified with four Bulwarks. The King keeps his residence in the Town of Fantyn, and extends his Jurisdiction about ten or twelve Miles round, being able in time of War to bring eight or ten thousand men into the Field.  
These Countries produce variety of Creatures, and among others Tigers and Leopards, who bear great enmity to each other, though generally the Tiger is the Conqueror, therefore when the Leopard is pursued by the Tiger, he with his Tail wipes out his footsteps that so he may not be traced. Some of the Ancients knowing the fierceness of the Tiger, attributed to him the command of the Woods, but in these Parts, because he hurts no man but only Beasts, they make the Leopard King of the Forest, for which ravening temper they are hunted and killed by all Men, even for their own safety. When a Leopard is killed they bring him dead to the King's Town, there to be cut up and eaten, being flayed they present his Skin and Teeth to the King, and the People assembled, eat the Flesh boiled as a dainty, spending the remainder of the day in Revelling and Dancing, as at their most Solemn Festivals. There is likewise a monstrous Creature which the Portugals call Savage, that is a satire, it hath a great head, a heavy body, fleshy and strong arms, no tail, and goes sometimes upright, and otherwhile upon all four like an Ape. The Blacks affirm it is of Humane Race, but by the alteration and change of the Woods and Wilderness it is become half a Beast, they sustain themselves in the Woods with Fruit and wild Honey, which they get out of the Trees, and as they are numerous, so upon meeting, they fight continually with each other. The Negroes relate strange things of them, and aver for certain, that they not only overpower feeble Women and Virgins, but dare also set upon armed Men. There is another strange Beast, like a Crocodile six or seven Foot long, very slender, and the Tongue of an extraordinary length. It is a Beast of Prey, and very strong, close set with gaudy Quills over the whole body, wherewith it offends Men, and defends itself against other Creatures, for when the Leopard attempts to seize it, it converts into a round Ball, setting up the points of its Quills that no hold can be fixed, their Food is generally Pismires, which with their Tongues they lick up at a great distance.  
Both on the Sea coasts, and the upland Country many Civet Cats are found, it more resembles a Wolf than a Cat, for it hath a long Head, small Nose, flat Mouth, and short Ears, Teeth like a Dog, the Body part white, part ashcoloured, speckled with black spots, the Legs and Feet of a middle size, with black Hairs, having four Claws forward and one backward, with black short flat Nails, the Tail long, bushy and speckled hanging to the ground; The Civet lies between the Privities and the Cod, and is taken thence with a Spoon or some other fit Instrument. The Giraffa or Camelo-pard is a Beast not often seen, yet very tame, strangely compounded of a Libard, Hart, Buffle and Camel, and by reason of his long legs before and shorter behind, is not able to graze without difficulty, but with his high Head, which he can stretch forth half a Pikes length in height, feeds on the leaves and boughs of Trees. The Camels in afric are more hardy than in other places, and will not only carry great burdens, but travel fifty days together without any Corn, only turn them out at night to feed on Thistles, Boughs, and the like, and no less patiented are they of Thirst, being able to endure fifteen days without Drink. The Lions in cold places are gentler, in hotter more fierce, and will not fly the approach of two hundred Armed Horsemen; in time of their coupling eight or ten will follow one Female, with terrible and bloody Battles among themselves: They report that Lions spare those who kneel to them, and prey rather on Men than Women, and not at all on Infants, unless compelled by hunger. The Africans believe he hath understanding, and tell of a Getulian Woman, who lying at the mercy of a Lion, besought him, that being so noble a Beast, he would not dishonour himself with so ignoble a Prey, as she a weak Woman was, whereupon he went away and left her: His Tail seems to be his Sceptre, whereby he expresseth his Passion; he shrinks at no danger, unless the covert of the Woods shrowded him from Witnesses, and then he will take the benefit of flight, which otherwise he seems to disdain. Mento a Man of Syracuse was encountered with a Lion, who instead of rending, fawned upon him, and with his dumb eloquence, seemed to implore his Aid, showing his Foot, wherein Mentor perceived a Thorn to stick, which he plucked out. The like is reported by Gellius of a Fugitive Servant, who having performed the same kind Office to a Lion, was by him gratified for a long time by giving him a daily portion of his Prey: It happened that afterward this Man was taken, and presented to his Master a Roman Senator, who exhibited Games to the People, wherein Slaves and condemned Persons were exposed to the fury of Beasts, among whom he put this Servant, and by a wonderful fate this Lion was soon after taken, and brought to execute these horrid Spectacles. The Beasts running with violence to their bloody Encounter, suddenly this Lion stayed, and taking a strict view of him, fawned upon this his Guest, and defended him from the Assaults of the other Beasts, whereupon at the People's Intercession, who understood the Passages from him, he was freed, and the Lion given him, who followed him with a string through the Streets, the Spectators crying, This is the Man who was the Lion's Physician; This is the Lion who was this Man's Host.  
The Hyaena is another strange Beast which some have thought to be Male one year, and Female another, it hath no Joint in the Neck, and therefore stirs not his Head, but the whole Body at once; He is said to imitate the Voice of Men, and drawing near the Sheepfolds, having heard the name of some of the Shepherds, will call him, and when he comes devour him: They say his Eyes are of various Colours, and that his shadow prevents the barking of a Dog: By engendering with this Beast, the Lioness brings forth a Corcuta of like qualities with the Hyaena, he hath one continued Tooth without division throughout his Mouth. The Lybard is not hurtful to Men except they disturb him. The Dabu is said to be a foolish Creature, in shape like a Wolf, only his Legs and Feet are like a Man's; they that know his haunts, sing and fiddle before his Den, his Ears being so captivated with the Music, that he is not ware his Legs are captivated with a Rope, whereby he is taken. The Zebra of all Creatures for beauty and comeliness is admirable, resembling an excellently proportioned Horse, but not so swift, all overlaid with curious party-colours, from Head to Tail, they live in great Herds, and when one is shot, the rest stand still, gazing till they see three or four fall down before them.  
The Rivers breed Water-Elephants, about the bigness of a large Horse, but much thicker and rounder, seeming as if they were blown up; Likewise Sea-Cats, and many other monstrous Creatures. There are variety of Fowls of divers kinds, as Eagles, Parrots, Cranes, and many more, and among others a Bird no bigger than a Thrush, by whose chirping they guess at their good or ill Fortune in their Journey. Crocodiles are here so large, that they will swallow an Ox whole; but above all things the monstrous Serpents produced in these Countries are remarkable, among which the most poisonous are of a Grass green: Some are so curiously spotted with lively Colours as are scarce to be found in any other Creatures. The King of Bena, whom the Inhabitants call King of Serpents, keeps commonly one of them in his Arms, which he strokes and fosters as it were a young Child, and so highly esteems, that none dare hurt or kill it. The Negro's roast and eat some of them as great Dainties. Africa hath been famous in all Ages for prodigious Serpents and Monsters. One called Minia attains such largeness, that it can swallow a whole Deer without chewing or tearing to pieces, devouring Boars and many other Beasts and ; It lurks for Prey within some bush, which coming within reach, it suddenly seizes, winding two or three times about the body and loins, till it falls down and dies, of which thus glutted he lies, not able to stir till his gorged Paunch has digested his Meal: Of this kind was that which the Roman Historians mention, which Attilius Regulus the Roman Consul in the first Punic War at the River Bagrada encountered, and planted his Engines and Artillery against it, whose Skin sent to Rome for a Monument, was in length an hundred and twenty Foot: The Scales defended it from all hurt by Darts or Arrows, and with the Breath it killed many, and had eat divers of the Soldiers, till at last with a Stone out of an Engine this Destroyer was destroyed. Hear how the elegant Lucan, as eloquently translated describes it, when Julius Caesar in pursuit of Cato into Africa came to the place which was formerly the habitation of this dreadful Serpent, and had this account given him by an African.  

Caesar within a shady Grove espies  
A dismal Cave in which not cheering light  
At all ere peeped: but sad and doleful Night  
A squalid filth, and mouldiness had made.  
From whence exhaled steams and fumes invade  
The upper Air; Whilst Caesar in amaze  
Doth nearly view the horror of the place  
His longing thoughts an African there by  
(Taught by Tradition) thus doth satisfy.   

This Den O Caesar which for many a year  
Hath empty stood and freed the Land from fear,  
A monstrous Serpent by Heaven's Vengeance bred  
The Plague of afric, once uninhabited.  
The Earth a greater Monster never bore  
Not Hydra might with this dire Snake compare,  
Nor though the Sun the mighty Python slew,  
Did ere the Sun a greater Serpent view.  
The several Snakes that out of Africks' slime  
Are bred, might all have been in him combined,  
An hundred Feet in length was his extent;  
When he upon this side the River went  
With his long Neck stretched out, what ere he spied  
With case he seized from the other side.  
With Lions here he filled his hungry maw,  
That came to drink the Streams of Bagrada,  
And fiercest Tigers all besmeared with Blood  
Of Cattle slain, became themselves his Food.   

When first the Roman Armies Sailing o'er,  
And theatning Carthage on the Africa Shore  
Were led by Regulus, whose Tragic fall  
Sadly renowned the Spartan General,  
Here then this hideous Monster did remain;  
The Army marching on you spacious Plain,  
Three Roman Soldiers by ill Fate drew near  
To quench their fiery thirst i'th' River here,  
And tempted by these shady Trees, to shun  
A while the scorching fury of the Sun  
Entering the Wood, down to the Stream they stoop  
And in their Helmets take the Water up,  
When suddenly surprised with chilling fear  
A horrid hissing through the Air they hear  
And from the Den the Serpent's Head appears  
At once amazing both their Eyes and Ears  
What should they do? For help they could not call  
The Serpents hissing loud had filled all  
The Wood; Nor Strength nor Hearts had they to fight  
Nor scarce did any hope appear by flight,  
Nor could their trembling hands the Helmets hold,  
When straight the Serpent from his scaly fold  
Shot forth, and seized one, who calling on  
His Fellows names in vain, was swallowed down  
And buried in the Monsters hungry maw.  
His horrid destiny when the others saw  
They leapt into the Stream to save their lives,  
But that alas to them no safety gives.  
For forth his long twined Neck the Serpent stretched,  
And swimming Havens in the River reached  
Who though too late, he strove to be drowned  
In Bagrada, a Fate more cruel found.  
Marus at last, while Havens death did stay  
The Monster's speed, had time to scape away,  
And to th' amazed General relates  
The Serpent's greatness, and his Fellows Fates.  
But ere his faltering Tongue had fully told  
The Tragic story, they from far behold  
The scaly Monster rolling on the Sands  
In spacious wind; Regulus commands,  
The Army straight their Piles and Spears prepare  
To charge and march against it as a War,  
And ready all their Battering Engines make  
That strongest Walls and Bulwarks used to shake;  
The Trumpets then as to a Battle sound;  
Which noise the Serpent hearing, from the ground,  
Where he in spacious Rings enfolded lay,  
Aloft his Head advances to survey  
The Champion round, and to their Eyes appears  
Large as the Dragon 'twixt the Heavenly Bears,  
Fire from his threatening Eyes like lightning shot,  
And hellish blasts exhaled from his wide Throat  
While he advanced, you would suppose from far  
A moving Castle made Offensive War  
And shooting forth, he in a moment flew  
Upon far distant Faces; At whose view  
The startling Horses could no more be held  
By Bits, but snorting flew about the Field,  
Whilst this dread Serpent sad Massacres makes  
Amongst the men; Some 'twixt his Jaws he takes  
And crushes there; Some into th' Air he flings  
Who falling dye; And while his spacious Rings  
He doth unfold with fury, sweeping round  
The Sand, he beats whole Cohorts to the ground,  
The Army now gave ground, and began retire  
When Noble Regulus inflamed with Ire  
To see this shame, cries out, Oh stand the Field,  
To Africa Monsters shall Rome's Virtue yield?  
If so, I singly will the Combat try,  
And expiating Rome's dishonour die.  
Then all alone, devoid of fear he goes,  
And his strong Pile against the Serpent throws  
With skilful Aim, whom not in vain he struck  
In his tough Forehead the steeled Javelin stuck,  
The hideous Monster whose long Age before  
Had ne'er felt steel, sent out a yelling roar,  
And darting forth, impatient of the Wound  
With his long Tail he lashed the suffering ground,  
A shout the Soldiers raise, encouraged now  
And altogether Storms of Javelins throw,  
Some harmless lighting on his Scaly Back  
Such noise as Hail on tiled Houses make,  
Some pierce his Breast, and softer Belly Wound,  
Those Parts alone they penetrable found,  
Black gore from thence distains the swarthy Sands,  
At last two Javelins sent from lucky Hands  
In both his fiery threatening Eyes did light,  
Depriving him, though not of strength, of sight;  
Whose yet blind rage draws many a ruin on,  
Until at last a huge and massy Stone,  
Shot from a Bulwark-battering Engine struck  
His bowed Back with such great force, it broke  
That many jointed Bone; Nor then could he  
Lift as before his speckled Crest on high;  
But as he struggling lay upon the Plain,  
Another Stone dashed out his poisonous Brain,  
The Sands discoloured with black filth appear,  
And that so lately feared Serpent, there  
Stretched out at length, his dismal Life expires,  
His vast extent the General admires.   
Some parts of Africa produce great numbers of Dragons, of vast bulk, slow motion, and their stinging incurably venomous; Some are said to be as big as Rams with Wings, long Tails, and divers rows of Teeth in his Mouth, his Scales seem painted with Blue and Green, hath two Feet, and feeds upon raw Flesh, Another Serpent hath a rundle in his Tail like a Bell, that makes a noise as he goes, somewhat of the nature, I suppose, of the Rattle-Snake. There are a multitude of deadly Serpents in those countries', as the Cerastes which hath a little Coronet of four horns, whereby he lureth the Birds to him, hiding all but his Head in the Sands, and then devoureth them: The Jaculi so called because they dart themselves from Trees on such Creatures as pass by. The Amphisvena hath two Heads which causeth it to crawl round. The Scytale is admirable for variety of Colours. The Dipsas kills those she stings with Thirst. The Hypanale causes them to Sleep to death, as happened to Cleopatra Queen of Egypt. The Hemorrhois makes them bleed to death. The Prester occasions them to swell till they burst; And not to poison you with more names of venomous Creatures, the Basilisk is said to kill with her sight or hissing, as Galen and Solinus affirm, it is not half a Foot long, having on the Head three pointels like a Crown or Bishop's Mitre, it blasteth the ground, Herbs and Trees, and so infecteth the Air, that Birds flying over fall down dead, it affrights all other Serpents with the hissing, going upright from the Belly, if it kill any thing that is also venomous to such as touch it, only a Weasil kills it; The Bergameni bought the Carcase of one at an incredible price, which they hung up in their Temple, that was curiously painted by Apelles, in a Net of Gold, to preserve it from being defiled by Birds or Spiders; Lemnius affirms that from an Egg laid by an old Cock after he is past treading of Hens, is produced a Basilisk or Cockatrice. The various kinds of Serpents in Africa, and the tremendous effects of them upon Mankind are excellently described by the Famous Lucan, lib. 9 relating the march of Cato's Army over the burning Sands of Libya.  

The venomous Asp with swelling Head,  
Which in no Serpent is compacted more.  
In Scaly folds the great Hemorrhus lies  
Whose bite from all Parts draws the flowing Blood.  
The Pareas whose way his Tail doth guide  
The greedy Prester too, distending wide  
His Venom foaming Mouth. The Seps whose bite  
Consumes the Bones, dissolves the Body quite.  
The Basilisk whose hiss all Snakes doth scare  
(Hurtful before the Venom touch) who far  
All Vulgar Serpents from his sight commands  
Reigning alone upon the emptied Sands,  
You Dragons too, glistering in Golden Pride,  
Who hurtless wander in all Lands beside.  
You, afric mortal makes; Aloft you fly.  
Through th' Air on Wings, and follow speedily,  
The Herds; your strokes the mightiest Bulls destroy,  
Great Elephants scape you not; For you all kill,  
Nor need you Poisons help to work your will.  
This thirsty way among these venomed Snakes  
Cato amidst his hardy Soldiers takes,  
Where many losses of his Men he found,  
And deaths unlooked for, from a little Wound.  
A trodden Dipsas turning back his Head  
Did sting young Aulus Ensign bearer, bred  
Of Tyrrhene Race, no grief no pain ensued,  
His Wound no pity found, no danger showed,  
But in alas, did fiery Venom deep  
Into his Marrow and scorched entrails creep,  
Which quite drunk up all Moisture that should flow  
Into his vital Parts, his Palate now  
And Tongue is scorched and dry, no sweat could go  
To his tired Joints, from's Eyes no Teers could now  
His place, nor his sad General's command  
Can stay this thirsty Man; Out of his Hand  
He throws his Ensign, Water runs to have  
Which the dry Venom in his Heart did crave,  
Though he in midst of Tanais did lie  
Padus or Rodanus, he would be dry,  
Or drink the Strdams wherever Nilits flows.  
The Soil adds to his drought, the Worm doth lose  
His Venom's fame helped by so hot a Land.  
He digs and seeks each Vein in all the Sand.  
Now to the Syrts he goes, and in his Mouth  
Salt water takes; which could not quench his drought  
Although it pleased; He did not know what kind  
Of death he died, nor his disease could find  
But thinks it thirst; And now full fain he would  
Rip open all his Veins, and drink his Blood.  
Cato commands them (loath his men should stay  
To know what thirst was,) straight to march away,  
But a more woeful death before his Eye  
Appeared; A Seps on poor Sabellus Thigh  
Hung by the Teeth, which he straight with his Hands  
Cast off, and with his Pile nailed to the Sands.  
A little Snake, but none more full than she  
Of horrid death, the Flesh falls off that nigh  
The Wound did grow; The Bones are bared round,  
Without the Body naked shows the Wound,  
His Shanks fall off, matter each member fills,  
His Knees are barred, his groin black filth distils,  
And every muscle of his Thighs dissolves,  
The Skin that all his natural Parts involves,  
Breaking lets fall his Bowels, nor doth all  
That should remain of a dead Body fall,  
The cruel Venom eating all the Parts,  
All to a little poisonous filth converts.  
The Poison breaks his Nerves, his Ribs doth part,  
Opens his hollow Breast, there shows his Heart,  
His Vitals all, yea all that man composes  
And his whole nature this foul death discloses,  
His Head, Neck, Shoulders, and strong Arms do flow  
In venomous filth; Not sooner melts the Snow  
By hot South winds, nor Wax against the Sun.  
This is but small I speak; Burnt Bodies run  
Melted by Fire in filth; But what Fire ere  
Dissolved the Bones? No Bones of his appear,  
Following their putrid Juice, they leave no sign  
Of this swift death; The Palm is only thine  
Of all the Africa Snakes; The Soul take they,  
But thou alone the Carcase tak'st away.   

But lo a death quite contrary to it  
Marsian Nafidius an hot Praester bit  
Whose Face and Cheeks a sudden Fire did Rost  
His Flesh and Skin was stretched, his shape was lost  
His swelling Body is distended far  
Past humane growth, and undistinguished are  
His Limbs; All Parts the Poison doth confound,  
And he lies hid in his own Body drowned,  
Nor can his Armour keep his swollen growth in,  
Not more doth boiling Water rise within  
A Brazen Cauldron, nor are Sails more swelled  
With Western Winds; No Limb he now can weiled.  
A Globe deformed he is, an heap confused,  
Which ravening Beasts did scare, which Birds refused,  
To which his Friends durst do no Obsequy  
Nor touch; But from the growing Carcase fly.  
These Serpents yet present more horrid fights  
A fierce Hemorrhus Noble Tullus bites,  
A brave young man that studied Cato's worth.  
And as in pouncing of a Picture, forth  
Through every hole the pressed Saffron goes  
So from his every Part red poison flows  
For Blood; His Tears were Blood, from every poor  
Where Nature vented moisture heretofore,  
His Mouth, his Nose flows Blood; His Sweat is red,  
His running Veins; All Parts are bloodied,  
And his whole Body's but one Wound become.  
An Asps sharp sting did Levus Heart benumb,  
No pain he felt; Suprized with sudden sleep  
He died, descending to the Stygian deep.  
On an old stump a dartlike Snake did lie  
Which as from thence herself she nimbly threw  
Through Paulus Head, and wounded Temples flew,  
IT was not the Poison brought his Fate, the blow  
Itself caused death; To her compared slow  
Fly stones from Slings, and not so swift as she  
From Parthian Bows do winged Arrows flee.  
What helped it wretched Murrus that he did  
Kill a fierce Basilisk? The Poison slid  
Along his Spear, and fastened on his Hand  
Which he cut off, and then did safely stand  
With that Hands loss, viewing securely there  
The sad example of his death so near, etc.   
Ostriches in Africa keep in great Companies, and appear afar off like Troops of Horsemen, putting a ridiculous terror into the Caravans of Merchants, it seems to be a foolish Bird that forgetteth her Nest, and leaveth her Eggs for the Sun and Sand to hatch, she eateth any thing even the hardest Iron, and is said to be Deaf. Another Bird bigger than a Crane soars so high in the Air that his great Body is invisible, yet from thence espieth his Prey and falls down directly upon it, he lives so long that all his Feathers fall away by Age, and then is fed by his young ones. Locusts or Grasshoppers do here often renew the Egyptian Plague, coming in such vast numbers that like a Cloud they intercept the shining of the Sun, and having eaten the Fruits and Leaves, they leave their Spawn behind, who are worse than themselves, devouring the very Barks of the naked Trees. Orosius says, that one time after they had done all this mischief, they did worse by their deaths, for being carried by a strong Wind into the Sea, and again cast up dead on the Shore, their putrified Carcases caused such a Pestilence, that in Numidia only there died eight hundred thousand, and on the Sea coast near Utica and Carthage two hundred thousand. In some places they forced the People to leave the Country, it being so desert and destroyed that they left nothing to sustain them, and looked as if it had snowed by reason of the Trees without Barks; The Fields of Maiz were as if trodden down; After a Tempest of Rain and Thunder they lay above two yards thick upon the Rivers Bank. In the River Nilus in the time of Mauricius the Emperor, at the place where Grand Cairo now standeth, a Giantlike Monster was seen, from the bottom of his Belly upward he appeared like a Man, with Flaxen Hair, Frowning Countenance and Strong Limbs; After he had continued in the view of multitudes three hours, there came out of the Water another like a Woman with a comely Face, part of her black Hair hanging down, and part gathered into a knot, her Face was fair, rosy Lips, Fingers and Breasts well composed, the rest of her Body hid under Water, from Morning to Sunset they fed their greedy Eyes with this spectacle, which then sunk down into the Waters and was never seen more.  
At Eniacham the English have a Fort upon a little eminence about six hundred Paces within the Land, as also several other Factories at Rio Nuno, Rio Grande, Sierra Liona, Serbro, Cestos, Achin, Auta, Comenda, Acara, Ardra, Benin, with old and new Calabar, of which little more can be said than of those already mentioned, only of the last I have met with this notable Relation. That in 1668. an English Ship bound for Guinea, Sailing to old Calabar, they entered a River called the Cross-River into Pirats-Island; after they had taken in their Negroes, and were ready to Sail, the Master called up the Boatswain and three Men more commanding them to look out the Copper Bars that were left, and carry them on Shore to try if they could sell them; The Boatswain with his small Company desired they might have Arms with them, not believing they were so harmless a People as reported, they took with them three Muskets and a Pistol, and so rowed toward the Shore, but not far from it their Match unhappily fell into the Water, and the Ship being fallen down lower toward the Sea quite out of sight, and they ashamed to go back without dispatching their business, one of them went ashore to the first House to light the match, but before he was twenty Rods from the Waterside, he was seized on by two Blacks or rather Tawny-Moores, and by them haled above half a Mile up into the Country, and thrown with great violence upon his Belly, and so compelled to lie till they stripped him, and more Company coming to them, they were so eager for his poor Canvas Apparel, that some they tore off, others they cut off, and with that several pieces of his Flesh to his intolerable pain; With these Rags they made little Aprons to cover their Privities, clothing being very scarce there; The Boatswain finding this J. W. was thus carried away, was resolved with his other two Companions to venture their Lives to have him again, and arming themselves, they were suddenly beset with about a dozen men in several Canoes, but they valiantly maintained their Boat about three hours, for after two or there three Muskets were discharged, they defended themselves with their Oars and Boat hooks; The Boatswain received a mortal wound in his Groin, and fell down in the Boat, the other two adventured into the River, endeavouring by swimming to escape the Hands of these cruel Infidels, but the Negroes with their swift Canoes soon overtook them, and brought them on Shore to the other; They took the Boatswain out of the Boat, and instead of endeavouring to preserve what Life remained in him, one of them with a keen Weapon instantly cut off his Head; And while he was yet reeking in his Blood, they in a barbarous manner cut off pieces of Flesh from his Buttocks, Thighs, Arms, and Shoulders, and broiled them on the Coals, and with much impatience eat it before his Companions Faces to their great astonishment.  
About a Fortnight after one of the Company fell sick; And instead of being his Physicians to cure him, they were his Butchers to Murder him, cutting off his Head, and broiling and eating his Flesh, rejoicing exceedingly at this rich Banquet. Ten days after the other fell sick, whom they used in the very same manner. J.W. continued still in Health though the Natives daily expected such another Banquet, because it seems it is not their Custom to kill those that are well, and therefore they resolved to sell him; his Master was free to discourse, especially since he had before learned the Tata Language in the West-Indies, which is easily attained, being compreheneded in few words, and all the Negroes speak it. He began to discourse his Master of the reason of their cruelty, who told him, he should be content, for if he were not sick, he should not have his Head cut off; In the Boat which they took there was one Musket saved that was not discharged, which his Master some time after brought to him to know the use of; J. W. endeavoured as much as possible to keep him in ignorance, but being threatened if he refused, at length he was forced to shoot it off, but the Negroes who expected some delightful thing were frustrated, and at the sudden noise and flash of Fire, which they very much dread, ran from him extremely affrighted, but hearing no more noise came up to him again, and commanded him to do the like, he told them he had no Powder which caused the noise, but this would not satisfy these Barbarians, who were about to murder him for refusal, had not his Master prevented it; Afterward in discourse his Master told him, that the People were naturally civil, and simply honest, but if provoked full of Revenge, and that this cruelty toward him and his Friends was occasioned by the unhandsome carrying away some Native, without their leave about a year before, they resolving if any came ashore they should never go off alive; He had not been above seven Weeks in the Country but his Master presented him to the King, whose name was Esme King of the Buckamores, who immediately gave him to his Daughter Onijah; When the King went abroad, he attended him as his Page throughout the whole Circuit of his Dominions, which was not above twelve miles, yet boasting exceedingly of his Power and Strength, and glorying extremely that he had a White to attend him, whom he employed to carry his Bow and Arrows. At several places remote from the Seaside, some of the People would run away from him for fear, others fell down and seemed to worship him, using those Actions they do to their Gods. Their Progress was never so long, but they could return home at Night, yet never without a full Dose of the Creature.  
During all the time J. W. was a Slave with him, he never knew him go abroad and come home sober. They drink of the best Palm-wine, and of another Liquor called Peurore; The Englishman knew how to humour this profound Prince, and if any of the Natives abused him upon his complaint he had Redress, as once by striving with a Negro, his Arm was broke, which by providence more than skill was set again; After some months, the King of Calanach called Mancha, hearing of this beautiful White, courted his Neighbour Prince to sell him, and at length he was sold for a Cow and a Goat; This King was very sober, free from the Treacheries and Mischiefs the other was subject to, and would oft inquire of him concerning his King and Country, and whether his Kingdoms were bigger than his own, whose whole Dominions were not above twenty five miles in length, and fifteen in breadth; The Englishman told as much as he thought convenient, keeping within the bounds of modesty, yet relating as much as possible to the hononr and dignity of his Sovereign, first informing him of the greatness of one of his Kingdoms, the several Shires and Counties it contained, with the number of its Cities, Towns and Castles, and the strength of each; the infinite Inhabitants and valour of his Subjects; One of these sufficiently amazed this petty Governor, that he need mention no more of His Majesty's Glory and Dignity; It put him into such a profound Consternation, that he resolved to find out some way to tender his respects to this Mighty Prince, and could study none more convenient, than that if he could find a passage he would let him go to England, to inform His Majesty of the great favour and respect he had for him; This did not a little rejoice our Englishman; He also told him that he would send him a Present, which should be two Cabareets or Goats, which they there value at a very high rate, this King having himself not above seventeen or eighteen. He tells the King, that the King of England had many thousand Subjects under the degree of Gentlemen, who had a thousand Sheep apiece, the Flesh of which they valued at a much higher rate than Goats.  
Though our Captive lived very happily with this King, yet his desires and hopes were still to return to his Native Country, at length he promised him, that the first English Ship which came into the Road, should have liberty to release or purchase him; This very much rejoiced his Heart, now he thought every day a year, till he could hear of, or see some English Ship arrived. Oft did he walk down to the Seaside, earnestly expecting the winds of Providence would blow some in thither, which being observed by one Jaga the chiefest Wizard in those parts, and much admired by the People (though they have a multitude of others) this man came to him one day, and inquired why he went so often to the Seashore, he told him, to see if he could discover any English Vessel come in there, and knowing he was a Wizard, though not acquainted with his great Fame, nor willing to credit his Divinations, yet to please him, asked when he did believe there would one come in; Jaga instantly told him; That the fifteenth day after, an English Ship would come into the Road. He then demanded whether that Ship should carry him away, to this he answered doubtfully, but told him, he should be offered to the Master of the Ship, and if they should not agree, but that he should come ashore again, and not be sold, he would soon after die of grief. These fifteen days seemed very long, many a look did he cast on the Sea with an aching Heart, the fourteenth day he went to the highest hill thereabout, but to no purpose, he could discover nothing, next Morning he went again two or three times but saw none, about two or three hours after, some of the Moors came running to the King, telling him there was a Canoe coming, so they call our Ships, at which our Englishman hearty rejoiced, hoping to be suddenly released, yet durst not show it for fear of punishment or death, for though he lived better now than with his first Master, yet his Service was far worse than the Slaves in Turkey, and their Diet worse than Dog's meat, and therefore he had just cause of joy; The Ship came immediately in, and he runs prosently to Jaga to know if it were an English Ship, who assured him it was, and so it happened; one Captain Royden being Commander; who hastened to dispatch his business, took in his Negroes, and was ready to Sail, our Captive not hearing a word what should become of him, the King never offering to sell him; This made him resolve to endeavour an escape, to which end he had prepared a piece of Timber, and drawn it toward the waterside, on which he intended to paddle to the Ship, which-lay about a League from the Shore.  
Just by the Seaside as he was about to launch his floating stick, he espied a great Alligator, which will devour a man at a mouthful, this altered his mind, resolving rather to live with Infidels, than to be accessary to his own death; But the next day it pleased God to move the King's Heart to let him go, sending him in a Canoe placed between a Negro's Legs, with some others to guide this small Vessel for fear he should leap overboard, and swim to the Ship. At a distance he haled her in English to the great surprisal of those within her, the Negroes gave him leave to stand up and show himself to the Captain, to whom he gave an Account, how four were left there, and he only remained alive. It was some time before they bargained, though the Captain was resolved not to leave him behind. Several times the Negroes padled away with their Canoe, resolving not to part with him, but what with his entreaties and promises, he persuaded them to the Ship again, and at last they delivered him on board for forty five Copper and Iron Bars about the bigness of a man's Finger; When he came on board, his Hair was very long, and his Skin tawny like a Mulatto, having gone naked all the time he was there, and usually anointed himself with Palm-Oyl, the Seamen very charitably apparaleled him, and in short time after he arrived safely in England with a thickful Heart for so happy a deliverance. And here I shall conclude the view of Guinea.   

Sect. II. A View of the Island OF St. HELENA, With the Product thereof.  
BEfore I come to relate the Acquisitions of the English in the East-Indies, I will make an halt at the Island of St. Helena, This Isle is now by His Majesty's Grace and Favour in the possession of the Honourable East India Company, as a place for watering and refreshment in their long Voyages to the Indies; It was formerly seized by the Dutch, but retaken May 6. 1673. by Captain Monday, with some other English Ships, and three rich Dutch East-India Prizes taken in the Harbour, since which the English have fortified and secured it against any future Invasion; It was so called by the Portuguess, because first discovered by them on St. Helen's day, being April 21. It lies in sixteen degrees, and fifteen minutes of South Latitude in the main Ocean, about fifteen hundred Miles from the Cape of Good Hope, three hundred and fifty from Angola, and five hundred and ten from Brasile, the circumference is about seven miles, lying high out of the Water, and surrounded on the Seacoasts with steep Rocks, having within many Cliffs, Mountains and Valleys, of which one is named Church-Valley, where behind a small Church they climb up to the Mountains. To the South is Apple-Dale, so called from the abundance of Oranges, Lemons and Pomegranates enough to furnish five or six Ships. On the West side of the Church, Ships have good Anchorage close under the Shore, to prevent the Winds which blow fiercely from the adjacent high Mountains.  
The Air seems very temperate and healthful, insomuch that sick men brought ashore there, in a short time recover; Yet the heat in the Valleys is as intolerable as the eager cold upon the Mountains; It commonly reins there five or six times a day, so that the bareness of the Hills is not occasioned for want of Water, of which it hath two or three good Springs beside, for furnishing Ships with fresh Water; The ground of its own accord brings forth wild Pease and Beans, also whole Woods of Orange, Lemon, and Pomegranate Trees all the year long laden both with Blossoms and Fruit, good Figs, abundance of Ebony and Rosetrees, Parsley, Mustardseed, Purslain, Sorrel, and the like; The Woods and Mountains are full of Goats, very large Rams, and wild Swine, but difficult to be taken. When the Portuguess first discovered it, they found neither fourfooted Beasts nor Fruit-trees, but only fresh Water; They afterward planted Fruit-trees, which so increased since, that at present all the Valleys stand full of them; Partridges, Pigeons, Moorhens, and Peacocks breed here very numerously, whereof a good Marksman may soon provide a Dinner for his Friends. On the Cliff-Islands, on the South are thousands of grey and black Mews, or Sea-Pies, and also white and coloured Birds, some with long, others with short Necks, who lay their Eggs on the Rocks, and are so unaccustomed to fear, that they suffer themselves to be taken with the Hand, and gaze at their surprizers, till they are knocked on the Head with sticks.  
From the Salt-Water beating against the Cliffs a Froth or Scum remains in some places, which the heat of the Sun so purifies, that it becomes white and good Salt; some of the Mountains yield Bowl Armoniac, and a fat Earth like Terra Lemnia. The Sea will answer the pains of a patiented Fisherman, who must use an Angle, not a Net, because of the foul ground and beating of the waves, the chief are Mackrel, Roach, Carp, but differing in colour from those among us; Eels as big as a man's Arm, and well tasted Crabs, Lobsters, Oysters and Mussels as good as English.  
It is in this Island that the Scene of that notable fancy, called. The Man in the Moon, or a discourse of a Voyage thither, by Domingo Gonsales is laid, written by a late Reverend and Learned Bishop, saith the Excellent and ingenious Bishop Wilkins, who calls it a pleasant and well contrived fancy, in his own Book entitled, A Discourse of the New World, tending to prove that it is possible there may be another habitable World in the Moon; Wherein among many other curious arguments he affirms, that this hath been the direct opinion of divers ancient, and some Modern Mathematicians, and may probably be deduced from the Tenants of others, neither does it contradict any principle of reason nor Faith; And that as their World is our Moon, so our World is theirs.  
Now this small Tract having so worthy a Person to vouch for the credit of it, and many of our English Historians having published for Truth, what is altogether as improbable as this, as Sr. John Mandevil in his Travels and others, and this having what they are utterly destitute of, that is Invention mixed with Judgement, and was judged worthy to be Licenced 50 years ago, and not since reprinted, whereby it would be utterly lost. I have not thought it amiss to republish the Substance thereof, wherein the Author says he does not design to discourse his Readers into a belief of each particular circumstance, but expects that his new discovery of a New World may find little better entertainment than Columbus had in his first discovery of America, though yet that poor espial betrayed so much knowledge as hath since increased to vast Improvements, and the then Unknown is now found to be of as large extent as all the other known World; That there should be Antipodes was once thought as great a Paradox as now that the Moon should be habitable. But the knowledge of this it may be is reserved for this our discovering Age, wherein our Virtuosos can by their Telescopes gaze the Sun into Spots, and descry Mountains in the Moon, but this and much more must be left to the Critics, as well as the following faithful Relation of our little Eye witness and great Discoverer, which you shall have in his own Spanish Style, and delivered with that Grandeur and thirst of Glory, which is generally imputed to that Nation.  
It is sufficiently known to all the Countries of Audaluzia, that I Domingo Gonsales was born of a Noble Family in the renowned City of Sevil in 1552. my Father's name being Therando Gonsales near kinsman on the Mother's side to Don Pedro Sanches the worthy Count of Almenara, My Mother was the Daughter of the Reverend and famous Lawyer Otho Perez de Sallaveda Governor of Barcelona, and Corregidor of Biscay; I being the youngest of seventeen Children they had, was put to School, and designed by them to the Church; But Heaven purposing to use my Service in matters of far another Nature and quality, inspired me with spending some time in the Wars; It was at the time that Don Ferrand's, the Noble and thrice renowned Duke D' Alva was sent into the Low Countries in 1568. I then following the current of my desire leaving the University of Salamanca, whither my Parents had sent me, without giving notice to any of my dearest Friends, got through France to Antwerp, where in June 1569 I arrived but in a mean condition, for having sold my Books, Bedding and other things which yielded me about 30 Ducats, and borrowed twenty more of my Father's Friends, I bought a little Nag, wherewith I traveled more thriftily than usually young Gentlemen do, till arriving within a League of Antwerp, some of the cursed Geses set upon me, and bereft me of my Horse Money, and all, whereupon I was forc' through want and necessity to enter into the Service of Marshal Cossey a French Nobleman, whom I served truly in a very honourable employ, though mine Enemies to my disgrace, affirm I was his Horse-keepers Boy; But for that matter, I refer myself to Count Mansfield, Monsieur Tavier, and other Persons of Quality and condition, who have often testified to many worthy men now living, the very truth of the business, which indeed was this, Monsieur Cossey being about this time sent Ambassador to the Duke D' Alva Governor of the Low Countries, he understanding the Nobility of my Birth, and my late misfortune, judging it would be no small honour to him to have a Spaniard of that Quality about him, furnished me with a Horse, Armour, and whatever I wanted, using my Service in nothing so much, after I had learned French, as writing his Letters, because my Hand was then very fair. In time of War if upon necessity, I sometime dressed my own Horse, I ought not to be reproached therewith, since I count it the part of a Gentleman to submit to the vilest Office for the Service of his Prince.  
The first expedition I was in, was when the Marshal my Friend met the Prince of Orange making a Road into France, and forced him to fly even to the Walls of Cambray; It was my good Fortune to defeat a Trooper by killing his Horse with my Pistol, who falling upon his Leg could not stir, but yielded to my mercy; I knowing my own weakness of Body, and seeing him a lusty tall Fellow, thought it the surest way to dispatch him, which having done, I plundered him of a Chain, Money, and other things to the value of 200 Ducats, This Money was no sooner in my Pockets, but I began to resume the remembrance of my Nobility, and taking my audience of leave from Monsieur Cossey, I instantly repaired to the Duke D' Alva's Court, where divers of my Kindred seeing my Pocket full of good Crowns, were ready enough to acknowledge me; By their means I was received into pay, and in time obtained a good degree of favour with the Duke, who would sometimes jest a little more severely at my Personage than I could well bear, for though I must acknowledge my Stature is so little, as I think no man living is less, yet since it is the work of Heaven, and not my own, he ought not to have upbraided a Gentleman therewith; And those glorious things that have happened to me may evince, that great and wonderful matters may be performed by very unlikely Bodies, if the mind be good, and Fortune second our endeavours;  
Though the Duke's joques a little disgusted ●●e, yet I endeavoured to conceal my resentments, and accommodating myself to some other of his humours, I was so far interested in his favour, that at his going into Spain in 1573. whither I attended him, by his kindness, and some other accidents, wherein by my Industry I was seldom wanting to myself, I was able to carry home 3000 Crowns in my Pocket.  
At my return my Parents, who were extremely disturbed at my departure, received me with great joy, which was increased because they found I had brought wherewith to maintain myself without being chargeable to them, so that they need not lessen the Portions of my Brothers and Sisters to provide for me. But doubting I would spend it as lightly as I got it, they continually solicited me to marry the Daughter of John Figueres a considerable Merchant of Lisbon, to which I complied, and putting my Marriage Money, and good part of my own into the hands of my Father, or such as he advised me to, I lived in good fashion, and much like a Gentleman for many years very happily; At length some quarrels arising between me and one Pedro Delgades a Gentleman and Kinsman of mine, the causes whereof are needless to relate, this difference grew to such a height, that when no mediation of Friends could prevail, we two went alone with our Swords into the Field, where it was my chance to kill him, though a stout proper man, but what I wanted in strength I supplied in courage, and my agility countervailed for his Stature. This being acted in Carmona, I fled with all speed to Lisbon, thinking to conceal myself with some Friends of my Father in Law, till the business might be accommodated, and I acquitted by consent of the Prosecutors. This happened in 1596 at which time, a famous Spanish Count coming from the West-Indies, published Triumphant Declarations in Print, of a great Victory he had obtained against the English near the Isle of Pines, whereas in reality he got nothing at all in that Voyage but blows, and a considerable loss. It had been well if vanity and lying had been his only crimes; His covetousness had like to have been my utter ruin, though since it hath proved the occasion of Eternising my name I verily believe to all Posterity, and to the unspeakable benefit of all Mortals for ever hereafter, at least if it please Heaven that I return home safe to my Country, and give perfect Instructions how those almost incredible and impossible Acquirements may be imparted to the World. You shall then see men flying in the Air from one place to another, you shall then be able to send Messages many hundred miles in an instant, and receive answers thereto immediately, without the help of any Creature upon Earth; You shall then presently impart your mind to your Friend though in the most remote and obscure place of a populous City, and a multitude of other notable Experiments; But what exceeds all, you shall then have the discovery of a New World, and abundance of rare and incredible secrets of Nature, which the Philosophers of former Ages never so much as dreamt of; But I must be cautious in publishing these wonderful mysteries, till our Statesmen have considered how they may consist with the Policy and good Government of our Country, and likewise, whether the Fathers of the Church may not judge the divulging them prejudicial to the Affairs of the Catholic Faith and Religion, which (by those wonders I have seen above any mortal man before me) I am instructed to advance with my utmost endeavours, without respect to any temporal advantage whatsoever.  
But to proceed with my Narrative, this huffing Captain aforenamed, pretended much discontent for the death of the said Delgades, who was indeed some Kin to him, however he was willing to be quiet if I would have given him a thousand Ducats; I had now, besides a Wife, two Sons, whom I was not willing to beggar, only to satisfy the avaricious humour of this Boaster, and was therefore necessitated to take some other course; I embarked in a stout Carrick bound for the East-Indies, carrying the value of two thousand Ducats to Trade with, leaving as much more for the support of my Wife and Children behind me, whatever misfortune might happen to me; In the Indies I thrived exceedingly, laying out my Stock in Diamonds, Emeralds and Pearls, which I bought at such easy rates, that my Stock safely arriving in Spain (as I understood it did) must needs yield ten for one. But for myself having doubled Cape buona Esperanca in my way home, I fell dangerously sick, expecting nothing but death, which had then undoubtedly happened, but that we just then recovered the Blessed Isle of St. Helen's, the only Paradise I believe on Earth, for healthfulness of Air, and fruitfulness of Soil, producing all necessaries for the Life of man; It is about three Leagues in compass, and has no firm Land or Continent within 300 Leagues, nay not so much as an Island within an hundred Leagues of it, so that it may seem a Miracle of Nature, that out of so vast and tempestuous an Ocean, such a small Rock or piece of ground should arise and discover itself. On the South is a good Harbour, and near it divers small Houses built by the Portuguess to accommodate Strangers, with a pretty Chapel handsomely beautified with a Tower, and a fair Bell therein. Near it is a Stream of excellent fresh water, divers handsome walks planted on both sides with Orange, Lemmod, Pomegranate, Almond-trees and the like, which are Fruit all the year, as do also divers others; There are store of Garden Herbs, with Wheat, Pease, Barley, and most kinds of Pulse, but it chief aboundeth with  and Fowl, as Goats, Swine, Sheep, Partridges, wild Hens, Pheasants, Pigeons, and wild Fowl beyond credit; But especially about February and March are to be seen huge Flocks of a kind of Wild Swans, (whereof I shall have occasion to speak more hereafter) who like our Cuckoos and Nightingales, go away at a certain Season, and are no more seen that year.  
On this happy Island did they set me ashore with a Negro to attend me, where praised be Heaven, I recovered my health, and continued there a whole year, solacing myself for want of Humane Society with Birds and bruit Beasts; Diego my Black-moor was forced to live in a Cave at the West-end of the Isle, for had we dwelled together, Victuals would not have been so plenty with us; But now if one succeeded well in Hunting or Fowling, the other would find means to invite and treat him, and if both mist, we were then fain to look out sharply, but this very seldom happened, since no Creature there fears a man more than they do a Goat or Cow, whereby I easily tamed divers kinds of Birds and Beasts in a short time by only muzling them, so that till they came either to me or Diego they could not seed; At first I much delighted in a kind of Patridges, and a tame Fax, whereof I made good use; For if I had occasion to confer with Diego, I would take one of them muzzled and hungry, and tying a note about his Neck, beat him from me, whereupon he would straight away to Diego's Cave, and if he were not there, would beat about till they found him, yet this conveyance being not without some inconvenience needless to be mentioned, after a while I persuaded Diego, (who though a Fellow of good Parts, was content to be ruled by me) to remove to a Promontory or Cape on the northwest part of the Island, being though a League off, yet within sight of my House and Chappel, and then when the weather was fair, we could at all times by signals declare our minds each to other in an instant either by Night or Day, wherein we took much pleasure. If in the Night I would signify any thing to him, I used to set up a light in the Bell Tower, which was a pretty large Room with a fair Window well glazed, and the Walls within being plastered were exceeding white, by reason whereof, though the light were but small, it made a great show, and would have done much farther off, if there had been need. After this light had stood half an hour I covered it, and then if I saw any signal of light again from my Companion at the Cape, I knew he waited for my notice, and so by hiding and showing my light according to a certain Rule or Agreement betwixt us, I certified him of what I pleased. In the day I advertised him by Smoke, Dust, and sometimes by a more refined and effactual way. This Art contains many Mysteries, and may be very useful if well employed.  
Notwithstanding after a while I grew weary of it as too painful, and again used my Winged Messengers; Upon the Shoar, especially about the Mouth of our River, I found great store of a certain kind of Wild Swans aforementioned, feeding usually upon prey, and that both of Fish and Birds, and which is more strange having one Claw like an Eagle, and the other like a Swan, These Birds commonly breeding here in infinite numbers, I took thirty or forty of them young, and bred them up by hand for recreation, yet not without some thoughts of that Experiment which I after put in practice. These being strong and able to continue a great flight, I taught them first to come at call afar off, not using any noise, but only showing them a White Cloth, and here I found it true what Plutarch affirms, That Creatures which eat Flesh are more decible than others. 'Tis wonderful to think what Tricks I taught them ere they were a quarter old, amongst others I used them by degrees to fly with Burdens, wherein I found them able beyond belief, and brought them so forward, that a White Sheet being displayed to them by Diego upon the side of a Hill, they would carry from me to him Bread, Flesh, or whatever I pleased, and upon the like call come to me again. Having proceeded thus far, I began to consult how I might join a number of them together, so as to carry a heavier weight, which if I could compass, I might thereby enable a man to fly and be carried safely in the Air from one place to another. I puzzled my Wits extremely with this thought, and upon Trial found that if many were put to the bearing of one great Burden, by reason it was impossible all of them should rise together just at one instant, the first that raised himself upon his Wings finding himself stayed by a weight heavier than he could move or stir, would soon give over, and so the second, third, and all the rest. I contrived at last a way whereby each might rise with only his own proportion of weight, I fastened about each Gansa a little Pulley of Cork, and putting a string of a just length through it, I fastened one end to a block of almost eight pound weight, and tied a two pound weight to the other end of the String, and then causing the signal to be Erected, they presently all rose together, being four in number, and carried away my Block to the place appointed. This hitting so luckily, I added two or three Birds more, and made Trial of their carrying a Lamb, whose happiness I much envied that he should be the first living creature to partake of such an excellent device.  
At length after divers Trials, I was surprised with a great longing to cause myself to be carried in the same manner, Diego my Moor was likewise possessed with the same desire, and had I not loved him well, and wanted his Service, I should have resented this his ambitious thought; For I count it greater honour to have been the first Flying Man, than to be another Neptune who first adventured to Sail on the Sea. Yet seeming not to understand his intention, I only told him that all my Gausa's were not strong enough to carry him, being a man though of no great Bulk, yet twice heavier than myself; Having prepared all necessaries, I one time placed myself and all my Utensils on the top of a Rock at the River's Mouth, and putting myself upon my Engine at full Sea, I caused Diego to advance the signal, whereupon my Birds, 25 in number presently risen all at once, and carried me over lustily to the Rock on the other side, being about a quarter of a League; I chose this time and place, because if any thing had fallen out contrary to expectation, the worst that could happen was my only falling into the Water, and being able to swim well, I hoped to receive little hurt in my fall; When I was once safe over, O how did my heart even swell with Joy and admiration at my own Invention; How oft did I wish myself in the midst of Spain, that I might speedily fill the World with the fame of my Glory and Renown? Every hour I had a longing desire for the coming of the Indian Fleet to take me home with them, but they stayed, by what mischance I know not, three Months beyond their usual time; At length they arrived being three Carricks much weather-beaten, the men generally exceeding Sick and Weak, and were therefore constrained to refresh themselves in our Island a whole Month; The Admiral was called Alphonso de Xima, a Vallant Wise Man, desirous of Glory, and worthy better Fortune than afterward befell him; To him I discovered my device of the Gansa's, being satisfied, that it was absolutely impossible otherwise to persuade him to take so many Birds into his Ship, who for the niceness of their provision, would be more troublesome than so many men; Yet I adjured him by all manner of Oaths and Persuasions to deal ingeniously with me, and to be secret in the business, though of the last I did not much doubt, assuring myself he durst not impart the Experiment to any before our King were acquainted therewith. Of the first I had more apprehension, lest Ambition and the desire of gaining to himself the honour of so admirable an Invention, should tempt him to dispatch me. However I was forced to run the Risque of it unless I would adventure the loss of my Birds, the like whereof for my purpose were not to be had in Christendom, nor was I sure ever to bring others to serve my turn.  
It happened all these doubts were causeless, the man I believe was honest, yet if he had designed otherwise, I laid a Plot to discover him, but the misfortune we met with prevented all these thoughts, Thursday June 21. 1599 we set Sail for Spain, I having allowed me a very convenient  for my Birds, and Room for my Engine, which the Captain would have persuaded me to have le●t behind me, and it was a wonder I did not, but my good fortune therein saved my life, for after two Months Sail it happened we met with an English Fleet about 10 Leagues from the Island of Teneriff, one of the Canaries famous throughout the World for a Hill therein called Pico, which is kenned at Sea above an hundred Leagues off. We had aboard five times their number of men, all in good health, and were well provided with Ammunition, yet finding them resolved to fight, and knowing what infinite riches we carried, concluded it better if possible to escape, than by encountering a crew of desperate Fellows, to hazard not only our own Lives, which a man of courage in this case does not value, but the Estates of many poor Merchants, who I am afraid were undone by the miscarriage of this business. Our Fleet consisted of five Sail, that is, three Carricks, a Bark, and a Caravel, who coming from St. Thomas Isle, had in an ill hour overtaken us some few days before. The English had three Ships well provided, who no sooner spied but presently engaged us, and changing their course, endeavoured to bring us under their Lee, which they might easily do as the Wind then stood, they being light nimble Vessels, as English Ships generally are, ours heavy, deep laden, and foul with the Sea. Our Captain therefore resolved, wisely enough it may be, but neither valiantly nor fortunately, to fly, commanding us to disperse ourselves. The Caravel by too much haste fell upon one of the Carricks and bruised her so, that one of the English who undertook her easily fetched her up and entered her, the Caravel sinking immediately before our eyes. The Bark for aught I could perceive escaped unpursued, and another of our Carricks after some chase was given over by the Enemy, who expecting a sufficient Booty of us, and getting us between them, fell upon us with much fury, our Captain hereupon gave direction to run ashore upon Tenariff, the Port whereof we could not recover, saying, That he hoped to save part of the Goods, and some of our Lives, and he had rather the rest should be lost, than all fall into the mercy of our foes.  
When I heard this Resolution, observing the Sea to work high, and knowing all the Coast to be so full of Rocks and Shoals, that it was impossible our Ship should come near the Land unless broken into a thousand pieces, I represented to the Captain the desperateness of the attempt, wishing him rather to try the kindness of the Enemy, than throw away himself and so many brave men; But he would by no Remonstrances be removed in the least from his Resolution, therefore finding it high time to shift for myself, I locked up my little Casket of Jewels, which putting into my sleeve, I then betook me to my Gansa's, and having harnessed them to my Engine, and put myself thereon, supposing, as indeed it happened, that when the Ship should split, my Birds though they wanted their signal, yet for saving their own lives, which nature hath taught all Creatures to preserve to the utmost, would make toward Land, which fell out, thanks be to Heaven, according to my expectation; The People in the Ship wondered what I was doing, none being acquainted with the use of my Birds but the Captain, Diego being in the other Ship which fled away unpursued; We were about half a League from Land, when our Carack struck upon a Rock, and split instantly to pieces, upon which I let lose the reins to my Birds, having first placed myself upon the top of the Deck, and with the Shock they all arose carrying me fortunately to the Land, of which you need not doubt but I was very joyful, though it was a miserable sight to behold my Friends and acquaintance in that woeful distress, of whom yet many escaped better than they expected, for the English launching out their Cock-boats, discovered more noble and generous tempers than we are pleased to allow them, taking compassion of their calamity, and endeavouring with all diligence to save them from the fury of the Waves though with much danger to themselves, among others they took up our Captain, who, as Father Pacio since told me, having put himself with twelve others into the Cockboat, was forced to yield to one Captain Raymundo, who carried him together with our Pilot along with them in their Voyage toward the East Indies whither they were bound, but it was their hard fate by a breach of the Sea near Cape Buona Esperanca to be swallowed of the Merciless Waves, whose Rage they a while before had so hardly escaped; The rest as I likewise heard, who where in all about twenty six Persons that they took into their Ship, they set them a land soon after at Cape Verde.  
As for myself being now ashore in an Island inhabited generally by Spaniards, I reckoned I was safe, but I soon found myself much mistaken, for it was my hap to pitch upon that part of the Isle where the Pike aforementioned gins to rise, which is inhabited by a Savage kind of People who live upon the sides of that Hill, the top whereof is for the most part covered with Snow, and formerly accounted, for its monstrous height and Steepness inaccessible either for man or Beast, yet these Savages fearing the Spaniards, keep themselves as near the top as they can, where they had divers places of good strength, never coming down into the fruitful valleys but to seek for Booty, a crew of those Outlaws happened to spy me soon after I landed, and thinking they had got a prize, approached me with all speed, yet not so privately but I guest their design before they came within half a Mile, when perceiving them to come hastily down the Hill directly toward me, with long staves and other Weapons, which at that distance I could not discern, I thought it necessary immediately to secure myself from the hands of these Villains, who had they taken me, out of hatred to us Spaniards, would have certainly cut me to pieces; The Country in that place was Sandy, but the Pike beginning even there to lift up itself, I espied in the side thereof a white Cliff, which I hoped my Ganza's would take for a Mark, and being put up, would make all that way, whereby I might quickly be carried so far that those Barbarous Rascals should 〈◊〉 be able to overtake me, before I had got to some Spaniards House, or might at least gain time to hid myself from them, till by the covert of the night I might travel to Laguna the chief City of the Island, and not above three Miles off, with all celerity therefore I settled myself upon my Engine, and let lose the Reins to my Gansa's, by good fortune they took all one course, though not just the way I aimed at. But what of that! O Reader prick up thy Ears and prepare thyself to hear the strangest chance that ever happened to any Mortal Man, and which I know thou wilt not have the grace to believe till thou seest the like Experiment, which I doubt not in a short time may be performed. My Gansa's like so many Horses that had gotten the bit between their Teeth, made not their flight, as I said toward the Cliff I intended, though I used my wont means to direct the Leader of the Flock that way, but with might and main took up toward the top of the Pike, and never stoot till they came there, a place where they say never man came before, being in vulgar estimation (though since experimentally contradicted) at least fifteen Miles in height above the ordinary Level of the Land and Sea; What kind of place I found this I would gladly relate, but that I hasten to matters of far greater Importance; When I was there set down my poor Gansa's fell to panting, blowing, and gaping for breath as if they would all presently have died, therefore I thought good not to trouble them a while, forbearing to drawn them in, which they never use to endure without struggling, but little did I expect what followed.  
It was now the season that these Birds were wont to take their flight away, as our Cuckoes and Swallows do in Spain toward Autumn, and as I afterward found, being mindful of their usual Voyage just when I began to settle myself to take them in they as it were with one consent risen up, and having no other higher place to make toward, to my unspeakable fear and amazement, struck bolt upright, and never left towering upward, still higher and higher, for the space as I guest, of an Hour, after which I thought they laboured less than before, till at length, ah most wonderful! they forbore moving any thing at all, and yet remained  as steadily as if they had sat upon so many perches, the lines slacked, neither I, nor the Engine moved at all, but continued still, as having no manner of weight. I found then by Experience what no Philosopher ever dreamt of, namely, that those things which we call heavy do not fall toward the centre of the Earth as their natural place, but are drawn by a secret property of the Globe of the Earth, or rather something within it, even as the Loadstone draweth Iron which is within the Compass of its attractive Beams. For though in this place my Gansa's could continue unmoved without being sustained by any thing whatsoever but the Air as easily and quietly as a Fish in the middle of the Water, yet if they forced themselves never so little it is impossible to imagine with what swiftness they were carried, either upward, downward or side ways; I must ingeniously confess my horror and amazement in this place was such, that had I not been armed with a true Spanish Courage and Resolution I should certainly have died for fear.  
But the next thing that disturbed me was the swiftness of the motion, which was so extraordinary that it even almost stopped my breath if I should liken it to an Arrow out of a Bow, or a Stone thrown down from the top of an high Tower, it would come vastly short of it; Another thing was exceeding troublesome to me, that is the Illusions of Devils and Wicked Spirits, who the first day of my arrival came about me in great numbers in the shapes and likeness of Men and Women, wondering at me like so many Birds about an Owl, and speaking several Languages which I understood not, till at last I met with some that spoke very good Spanish, some Dutch, and others Italian, all which I understood; And here I had only a touch of the Sun's absence once for a short time, having him ever after in my sight. Now though my Gansa's were entangled in my lines, yet had they means easily to seize upon divers kinds of Flies and Birds, especially Swallows and Cuckoos whereof there were multitudes even like Motes in the Sun, though to say truth I never saw them eat any thing at all. As for myself I was I'll assure you very much obliged to those, whether Men or Devils I know not, who among divers discourses which I will forbear a while to repeat, told me, If I would follow their Directions, I should not only be carried safe home, but be assured to command at all times all the pleasures of that place. To which motion not daring to give a flat denial, I desired time to consider, and withal entreated them, (though I felt no hunger at all, which may seem strange) to help me to some Victuals lest I should starve in my Journey; Whereupon they readily brought me very good Flesh and Fish of several sorts and well dressed, but that it was extreme fresh without any relish of Salt; Wine likewise I tasted of divers kinds as good as any in Spain, and Beer no better in all Antwerp. They advised me that while I had opportunity I should make my Provisions, telling me that till the next Thursday they could help me to no more, if happily then, at which time they would find means to carry me back, and set me safe in Spain in any place I would desire, provided I would become one of their Fraternity, and enter into such Covenants as they had made to their Captain and Master whom they would not name, I answered civilly, telling them, I saw little reason to rejoice in such an offer, desiring them to be mindful of me as occasion served; So for that time I was rid of them, having first furnished my Pockets with as much Victuals as I could thrust in, among which I would be sure to find a place for a small Bottle of good Canary.  
I shall now declare the quality of the place wherein I then was; The Clouds I perceived to be all under between me and the Earth. The Stars, because it was always day, I saw at all times alike, not shining bright as we see in the night upon Earth, but of a whitish colour like the Moon with us in the day time, those that were seen, which were not many, shown far greater than with us, yea as I guest no less than ten times bigger; As for the Moon, being then within 2 days of the change, she appeared of an huge and dreadful greatness. It is not to be forgot that no Stars appeared but on that part of the Hemisphere next the Moon, and the nearer to her, the larger they appeared. Again, whether I lay quiet and rested, or were carried in the Air, I perceived myself to be always directly between the Moon and the Earth, whereby 'tis plain that my Gansa's took their way directly toward the Moon, and also that when we rested, as we did at first for many hours, either we were insensibly carried round about the Globe of the Earth, though I perceived no such motion, or else that according to the opinion of Copernicus, the Earth is carried about, and turneth round perpetually from West to East, leaving to the Planets only that motion which the Astronomers call natural, and is not upon the Poles of the Equinoctial, commonly called the Poles of the World, but upon those of the Zodiac; The Air in that place I found quiet without any motion of wind, and exceeding temperate, neither hot nor cold, as where neither the Sun beams had any Subject to reflect upon, nor the Earth and Water so near to affect the Air with their natural Quality of coldness; As for that imagination of the Philosophers attributing heat and moisture to the Air, I always esteemed it a fancy; Lastly, I remember that after my departure from the Earth, I never felt either hunger or thirst, whether the purity of the Air, freed from the Vapours of the Earth and Water, might yield nature sufficient nourishment, or what else might be the cause I cannot determine, but so I found it, though I was perfectly in health both of body and mind, even above my usual Vigour. Let us now proceed, which we shall do fast enough for the future.  
Some hours after the departure of that Devilish Company my Gansa's begins to bestir themselves, still directing their course toward the Globe or body of the Moon, making their way with such incredible swiftness, that I conceive they advanced little less than fifty Leagues in an hour, in which passage I observed three things very Remarkable, one that the farther we went the less the Globe of the Earth appeared to us, and that of the Moon still larger and more monstrous; Again the Earth, which I had ever in mine eye, seemed to mask itself with a kind of brightness like another Moon, and as we discern certain Spots or Clouds as it were in the Moon, so did I then see the like in the Earth, but whereas the form of those Spots in the Moon are always the same, these on the Earth seemed by degrees to change every hour, the reason whereof seems to be, that whereas the Earth according to his natural motion (for such a motion I am now satisfied she hath according to the opinion of Copernicus) turns round upon her own Axis every four and twenty hours from West to East) I should at first see in the middle of the Body of this New Star the Earth, a Spot like a Pear with a Morsel bitten out on one side, in some hours I should observe this Spot move away toward the East; This no doubt was the main Land of Africa; Then might I perceive a great shining brightness in that place which continued about the same time, and was questionless the vast Atlantic Ocean; After this succeeded a Spot almost Oval, just as we see America described in our Maps, than another immense cleverness representing Mare deal Zur or the South Sea, and lastly a number of Spots like the countries' and Islands in the East-Indies, so that it seemed to me no other than an huge Mathematical Globe turned round leisurely before me, wherein successively all the Countries of our earthly World were within twenty four hours represented to my view, and this was all the means I now had to number the days, and reckon the time.  
I could now wish that Philosophers and Mathematicians would confess their own blindness, who have hitherto made the World believe that the Earth hath no motion, and to confirm it are forced to attribute to every one of the celestial Bodies two Motions directly contrary to each other, one from the East to the West to be performed in twenty four hours with an impetuous rapid motion, the other from West to East in several proportions; O incredible supposition! That those huge Bodies of the fixed Stars in the highest Orb, whereof they confess divers are above an hundred times bigger than the whole Earth, should like so many Nails in a Cart wheel be whirled about in so short a time, whereas it is many thousand years, no less (say they) than thirty thousand, before that Orb finishes his course from West to East, which they call his natural motion; Now whereas they allow their natural course from West to East to every one of them, therein they do well; The Moon performs it in seven and twenty days, the Sun, Venus and Mercury in a year or thereabout, Mars in three year, Jupiter in twelve, and Saturn in thirty. But to attribute to these celestial Bodies contrary motions at once, is a very absurd conceit, and much more to imagine the same Orb wherein the fixed Stars are, whose natural course takes up so many thousands of years, should be turned about every twenty four hours. I will not go so far as Copernicus who makes the Sun the centre of the Earth and , neither will I be positive in any thing, only this I say, allow the Earth its motion, which these eyes of mine can testify to be true, and all those absurdities are removed, every one having only his own single and proper motion.  
But where am I? I promised an history, and am unawares turned disputer. One Accident more befell worth mention, that during my stay I saw a kind of a reddish Cloud coming toward me, and continually approaching nearer, which at last I perceived was nothing but a huge swarm of Locusts. He that reads the discourses of learned men concerning them, as John Leo of Africa and others who relate that they are seen in the Air several days before they fall on the Earth, and add thereto this experience of mine, will easily conclude that they can come from no other place than the Globe of the Moon. But now give me leave to go on quietly in my Journey for eleven or twelve days, during all which time I was carried directly toward the Globe or Body of the Moon, with such a violent Whirling as is inexpressible, for I cannot imagine a Bullet out of a Cannon could make way through the vaporous and muddy Air near the Earth with half that celerity, which is the more strange since my Gansa's moved their Wings but now and then, and sometimes for a quarter of an hour not at all, only holding them stretched out, as we see Kites, and Eagles sometimes do for a short space, during which pauses I suppose they took their Naps, and times of Sleeping, for other time I could perceive they never had any; For myself I was so fastened to mine Engine that I durst slumber enough to serve my turn, which I took with as great ease, though it may seem incredible, as if I had lain on the best Downe-bed in all Antwerp.  
After eleven days passage in this violent flight, I perceived we began to approach to another Earth (if I may so call it) being the Globe or very Body of that Star which we call the Moon. The first difference I found between this and our Earth was, that it appeared in its natural colours as soon as ever I was free from the attraction of the Earth; Whereas with us, a thing a League or two from us puts on that deadly colour of Blue. I than perceived also that this World was the greatest part covered with a huge mighty Sea, those parts only being dry Land which are unto us somewhat darker than the rest of her Body, I mean, what the Country people call, The Man in the Moon, and that part which shines so bright is another. Ocean besprinkled with Islands, which for their smallness we cannot discern so far off; So that the Splendour which appears to us in the Night, is nothing but the reflection of the Sun beams returned to us out of the Water as from a Lookinglass. How much this disagrees with what our Philosophers teach in the Schools is very evident; But alas how many of their Errors hath time and experience refuted in this our Age, and among other vain conjectures, who hath not hitherto believed the upper Region of the Air to be very hot, as being next, forsooth, to the natural place of the Element of Fire; Mere Vanities, Fancies and Dreams; For after I was once free from the attractive Beams of that Tyrannous Loadstone the Earth, I found the Air altogether serene, without Winds, Rain, Mists or Clouds, neither hot nor cold, but constantly pleasant, calm and comfortable till my arrival in that New World of the Moon; As for that Region of fire our Philosophers talk of, I heard no news of it, mine eyes have sufficiently informed me there is no such thing.  
The Earth had now by turning about shown me all her parts twelve times when I finished my course; For when by my reckoning it seemed to be (as indeed it was) Tuesday September 11. at which time the Moon being two days old was in the twentieth degree of Libra) my Gansa's seemed by one consent to stay their course, and rested for certain hours, after which they took their flight, and in less than an hour set me on the top of an high Hill in that Other World, where many most strange and wonderful things were immediately presented to my sight, for I observed first, that though the Globe of the Earth appeared much greater there than the Moon doth to us, even three times bigger, yet all things there were ten, twenty, yea thirty times larger than ours; Their Trees were thrice as high, and above five times broader and thicker; So were there Herbs, Birds, and Beasts, though I cannot well compare them to ours, because I found not any kind of Beast or Bird there which any way resembled ours, except Swallows, Nightingales, Cuckoos, Woodcocks, Bats, and some kind of Wild Fowl; And likewise such Birds as my Gansa's, all which as I now perceived, spend their time in their absence from us, in that World, neither do they differ in any thing from ours, but are the very same kind.  
No sooner was I upon the ground, but I found myself extreme hungry, stepping then to the next Tree I fastened my Engine and Gansa's thereto, and in great haste fell to examining my Pockets for the Victuals I had reserved there, but to my great surprise and vexation, instead of Partridges and Capons, which I thought I had hoarded there, I found nothing but a medley of dry leaves, Goat's Hair, Sheep or Goat's Dung, Moss, and the like, my Canary-wine was turned, and stunk like Horse-piss; Oh the villainy and cheats of these cursed Spirits, whose assistance if I had depended on, in what a condition had I been! while I stood musing and wondering at this strange Metamorphosis, on a sudden I heard my Gansa's fluttering behind me, and looking back, I spied them falling greedily upon a Shrub within the reach of their lines, whose leaves they fed earnestly upon, whereas before I had never seen them eat any green thing whatever, therefore stepping to the Shrub, I put a leaf to my Mouth, the taste whereof was so excellent, that I cannot express it, and certainly if I had not with great discretion moderated my Appetite, I should have surfeited thereon, yet it happened to be a good bait both for me and my Birds, when we had most need of refreshment.  
Scarce had we ended our Banquet, when I suddenly saw myself surrounded with a strange kind of People both in feature, manners, and apparel, their Stature was very different, but they were generally twice as high as ours, their shape and countenance pleasant, and their habit hardly to be described, for I never saw either Cloth, Silk, nor other Stuff, like that whereof their  were made, neither, which is yet more strange, can I possibly relate their colour, they being in a manner all clothed alike; it was neither Black, White, Yellow, Red nor Blue, nor any colour composed of these; If you ask what was is then, I must tell you, it was a colour never seen in our Earthly World, and therefore neither to be described nor conceived by us, for as it is hard to make a man born blind understand the difference between Green and Blue, so neither can I decipher this Moon colour, as having no affinity with any I ever beheld, I can only say it was the most glorious and delightful that can be imagined, neither was any thing more pleasant to me during my stay there.  
Being surprised at the appearance of these People so suddenly and in such accoutrements, I crossed myself and cried out, Jesus Maria; No sooner was the word Jesus pronounced, but young and old fell all on their knees (whereat I not a little rejoiced) holding up both their hands on high, and repeating certain words which I understood not; And presently rising again, one much taller than the rest came and kindly embraced me, and ordering as I perceived, some of the rest to attend my Birds, he took me by the hand, and led me to his dwelling down toward the foot of the Hill, which was a building so great & beautiful, as nothing in our World is comparable thereto; Yet afterward I saw such as this seemed but a Cottage in respect of them; There was no Door about the House less than thirty Foot high, and twelve broad, the Rooms were forty or fifty Foot in height, and answerable in proportion, neither could they be much less, the Master thereof being full twenty eight high, and I suppose his Body would weigh twenty five or thirty of ours; After I had rested with him about one of our days, he led me five Leagues off to the Palace of the Prince of the Country, the stateliness whereof I have not now leisure to describe; This Prince was much taller than the former, and called (as near as I can by letters declare it, for their sounds are not perfectly to be expressed by our Characters,) Pylonas which in their Language is First or Chief, if it doth not rather denote his Authority and Dignity, as being the principal man in all those parts; Though yet there is one Supreme Monarch amongst them, much greater of stature than he, commanding over all that whole World, having under him twenty nine other Princes of very great Power, and every one of these has twenty four Inferior Governors, whereof this Pylonas was one. The first Ancestor of this great Monarch came out of the Earth, as they relate, and by marrying the Heiress of that vast Monarchy obtaining the government, left it to his Posterity, who have enjoyed it ever since, even forty thousand Moons, which is 3077 years; His name was Irdonozur whose Heirs to this day assume the same name, he, they say, having continued there about four hundred Moons, and begot divers Children, returned (though by what means they know not) to the Earth again. I doubt they have their fables as well as we, since our Historians never mention any Earthly Man to have been in that World before myself, and much less to have returned again, I cannot therefore but condemn this tradition as false and Romantic, though I found Learning was in great esteem among them, and they seem to detest Lying and Falsehood which is there severely punished, and which may yield some credit to their Historical Narrations. Many of them live wonderful long, even beyond belief, affirming to me that some survived thirty thousand Moons, which is above a thousand years, so that the Ages of three or four men might easily reach to the time of the first Irdonozur, and this is generally noted that the taller people are of Stature, the more excellent are their endowments of mind, and the longer time they live; for their stature is very different, great numbers not much exceeding ours, who seldom live above a thousand Moons, which is fourscore of our years, these they account very base, unworthy creatures, but one degree above brute Beasts, and accordingly employ in the most mean and Servile Offices, calling them Bastards, Counterfeits or Changelings; Those whom they account true Natural Lunars or Moon Men, exceed ours generally thirty times, both in quantity of Body, and length of life, proportionable to the quality of the day in both Worlds, theirs containing almost thirty of our days.  
The manner of our travel to the Palace of Pylonas was more strange and incredible than any thing we have related, for at our first setting forth there were delivered to each of us two Feather Fans like those our Ladies in Spain cool themselves with in Summer; You must understand that the Globe or the Moon has likewise an attractive power, yet so much weaker than the Earth, that if a man do but spring upward with all his strength, as Dancers do in showing their Tricks, he will be able to mount fifty or sixty foot high, and being then above all attraction from the Moon's Earth, he falls down no more, but by the help of these Fans as with Wings, they convey themselves in the Air in a short space, (though not quite so swift as Birds) whither they please. In two hours' time (as I could guests) by the help of these Fans we were carried through the Air those five Leagues, in all about sixty Persons. Being arrived at the Palace of Pylonas, after our Conductor had got Audience, and declared what manner of Present he had brought, I was immediately called in to him by his Attendants; By the Stateliness of his Palace and the reverence done him, I soon perceived his greatness, and therefore managed my affairs in order to procure his favour accordingly, and having, as you may remember, a certain little Box or Casket of Jewels, the remainder of those I brought from the East-Indies, before I was introduced I secretly took them out of my pocket, and choosing some of each sort, I made them ready to be presented as I should think convenient.  
I found him sitting in a most magnificent Chair of State with his Wife or Queen on one hand, and his Eldest Son on the other, one attended by a Troop of Ladies, and the other of young men, and all along the side of the Room stood a great number of handsome Personages, whereof scarce one was lower of Stature than Pylonas, whose Age they report is now one and twenty thousand Moons. At my entrance I fell on my knees, and though fit to address to him with these words in Latin, Propitius sit tibi Princeps Illustrissime Dominus Noster Jesus Christus, etc. As the former People, so these hearing the holy name of our Saviour, the King, Queen, and all the rest kneeled, pronouncing a word or two, I understood not, being rise again, I proceeded. Et Maria, Salvatoris Genetrix Petrus & Paulus, etc. And so reckoning up a number of Saints to find if they honoured any of them as their Patron, at last naming among many other St. Martinus they all bowed their heads and held up their hands in sign of great reverence, the reason whereof I found was, that Martin in their Language signifies God. Then taking out my Jewels, I presented to the King seven Stones of several sorts, a Diamond, a Ruby, an Emerald, a Saphire, a Topaz and an Opal, which he accepted with great Joy and admiration, as having seldom seen the like; Then I offered the Queen and Prince some others, and designed to have bestowed divers more upon his Attendants, but Pylonas forbidden them to accept any, supposing, as I heard, they were all I had, which he would have me reserve for Irdonozur his Sovereign; He than embraced me with much indearedness, & inquired divers things by signs, which I answered in the same manner to the best of my Skill, which not contenting him, he delivered me to the guard of 100 of his Giants as I may well call them, strictly charging them that I should want nothing fit for me; That they should suffer none of the Dwarf Lunars or little Moon Men, if I may so term them, to come near me. That I should with all diligence be instructed in their Language, and lastly that they should by no means impart to me the knowledge of several things by him Specified, what they were I could never understand. It may be you long to know what Pylonas inquired of me; Why what should it be but, whence I came, how I arrived there, what was my name and business, with the like, to all which I answered as near the truth as possible.  
Being dismissed I was provided with all necessaries as my heart could wish, so that I seemed to be in a Paradise, the pleasures whereof did not yet so transport me, but I was much concerned with the thoughts of my Wife and Children, and therefore still retaining some Sparks of Hope that I might again return to them I tended my Gansa's daily with much care, which yet had signified little if other men had not done more than I could; For now the time came when of necessity all people of our Stature, and myself likewise, must needs sleep thirteen or fourteen whole days together, for by a secret and irresistible decree of nature when the day gins to appear, and the Moon to be enlightened by the Sun Beams which is in the first Quarter of the Moon, all people of our stature inhabiting these parts fall into a dead sleep, and are not possibly to be wakened till the Sun set, and is withdrawn, for as Owls and Bats with us cannot endure the light, so at the first approach of day we begin to be amazed therewith, and fall immediately into a slumber, which grows by degrees into a dead sleep till the light be gone, which is in fourteen or fifteen days, that is till the last Quarter.  
Some will be apt to wonder what light there is in that World during the Sun's absence, to them I declare that there is a two fold light, one of the Sun which I could not endure to behold, and another of the Earth; Now that of the Earth was at the height, for when the Moon is at the change, then is the Earth a full Moon to them, and as the Moon increaseth with us, so the light of the Earth decreaseth with them. I than found the light there, though the Sun was absent, equal to that with us in the day when the Sun is clouded, but toward the quarter it daily diminisheth, yet leaving still a competent light, which seems very strange, though not so remarkable as what they there report, that in the other Hemisphere of the Moon, contrary to that I fell upon, where during half the Moon they see not the Sun, and the Earth never appears to them, they have notwithstanding a kind of light not unlike our Moon light, which it seems the nearness of the Stars and other Planets that are at a far less distance than from us, affords them.  
You must understand that of the true Lunars of Moon men there are three kinds, some a little taller than we, as perhaps ten or twelve Foot high, these can endure the day of the Moon, when the Earth shines but little, but not the Beams of both, and therefore must then be laid asleep; Others are twenty Foot high or above, who can suffer all the light both of the Earth and Sun. There are in a certain Island (the mysteries where of are carefully concealed) men whose Stature is at least twenty seven Foot high of the measure of Spain; If any other come a land there in the Moon's day time, they instantly fall asleep; This is called Insula Martini, or God's Island, and hath a particular Governor, who as they report is sixty five thousand Moons old, which makes five thousand of our years, his name is said to be Hiruch, and he in a manner commands Irdonozur himself, especially in that Island out of which he never removes; There is another likewise comes often thither, who they say is not above half his Age, that is about thirty three thousand Moons, or two thousand six hundred of our years, and he order all things throughout the whole Globe of the Moon in matters of Religion and the Service of God, as absolutely as our holy Father the Pope doth in any part of Italy, I would fain have seen this man, but was not permitted to come near him, his name is Imazes.  
Now let me settle myself to a long night's sleep, to which end my Attendants take charge of my Birds, prepare my lodging, and signify to me by signs how I must order myself. It was then about the middle of September, when I perceived the Air more clear than ordinary, and with the increase of the light I began to feel myself first dull and then heavy to sleep, though I had not been lately disturbed of my rest; At length I delivered myself into the custody of this Sister of Death, whose Prisoner I was for almost a Fortnight after, and then awaking, it is not to be believed how fresh, brisk and vigorous I found the faculties both of my Body and Mind; I then immediately applied myself to learning the Language, which is the very same throughout all the Regions of the Moon, yet not so wonderful, since I believe all the Earth of Moon does not amount to the fortieth part of our inhabited Earth, partly because the Globe of the Moon is far less than that of the Earth, and besides the Sea or Ocean covers very nigh three parts of four, whereas the Land and Sea in out World may be judged of an equal measure. Their Language is very difficult, since it hath no Affinity with any other I ever heard, and consists not so much of Words and Letters as Tunes and strange sounds which no Letters can express, for there are few words but signify divers and several things, and are distinguished only by their Sounds, which are sung as it were in uttering yea many words consist of tunes only without words; By occasion whereof I find a Language may be framed, and easily learned, as copious as any other in the World only of Tunes which is an Experiment worth searching after; Notwithstanding these difficulties within two months I attained to such knowledge therein that I understood most Questions demanded of me, and with signs and words made reasonable shift to utter my mind, which Pylonas having notice of, he oftimes sent for me, and was pleased to inform me of many things my Guardians durst not disclose, though I must needs say I never found they abused me with an untruth, but if I asked a question they were unwilling to resolve, they would shake their heads, and with a Spanish shrug divert to some other discourse.  
After seven months' time it happened the great Irdonozur making his Progress to a place about two hundred Leagues from the Palace of Pylonas, sent for me, yet would not admit me into his presence but discoursed me through a Window where I might hear him, and he hear and see me at pleasure. I presented him the remainder of my Jewels which he very thankfully accepted, saying he would requited them with gifts of a far more considerable value. I stayed there not above a quarter of a Moon when I was again sent back to Pylonas', for if we had stayed a day or two longer the Sun would have overtaken us before we could have recovered our home. The gifts he bestowed on me were such that a man would part with Mountains of Gold to purchase, they were all Stones nine only in number, of three sorts, one called Poleastis, another Machrus, and the third Ebelus, of each sort 3. the first are about the bigness of an Hazelnut very like Jet, which among many other incredible Virtues hath this property, that being once put in the Fire they ever after retain their heat, though without any outward appearance, till quenched with some kind of liquor which no way endamages them though heated and cooled therein a thousand times; Their heat is so vehement that it will make any Metal within a foot of it red hot, and being in a Chimney warms the Room as if a great fire were kindled therein. The Machrus is yet more precious, in colour like a Topaz, so clear and resplendent as though not above the bigness of a Bean, yet being placed in the night in the midst of a large Church it makes all as light as if an hundred Lamps were hanged round; can any man wish for more useful properties in a Stone than these? Yet my Ebelus is so excellent that it may be much preferred before them, yea prized above all the Diamonds, Saphires, Rubies, and Emeralds that our World can afford. The Lunar colour is so exceeding beautiful that a man would travel a thousand Leagues to behold it, the Shape is somewhat flat, of the breadth of a piece of Eight, and twice the thickness, one side is of a more Orient colour than the other, which being clapped to a man's bare Skin, takes away all the weight and ponderousness of his Body, but turning the other side, it adds force to the attractive beams of the Earth either in this World or that, and makes the body half as heavy again; Do you wonder now why I should so overprize this stone? before you see me on Earth again, you will find I have reason to value this invaluable Jewel. I inquired whether they had not any kind of Gem, or other means to make a man invisible, which I judged a thing of admirable use, and could mention divers of our learned men who had written to this purpose; They answered, that if it were possible, yet they were sure Heaven would not suffer it to be revealed to us creatures subject to so many imperfections, and which might be easily abused to ill purposes, and this was all I could get of them.  
Now after it was know that Irdonozur the great Monarch had done me this honour, it is strange how much all respected me more than before; my Guardians who had been hitherto cautious in relating any thing of the Government of that World, grew now more open, so that from them and Pylonas together I understood many notable particulars; As that in a thousand years there is found neither Thief nor Whoremonger, for first there is no want of any thing necessary for the use of man, food growing every where without labour of all sorts that can be desired. As for , Houses or whatever else a man may be supposed to want, it is provided by their Superiors, though not without some labour, but yet so easy as if they did it for pleasure; Again their Females are all absolute Beauties, and by a secret disposition of nature, a man there having once known a Woman never desires any other; Murder was never heard of amongst them, neither is it hardly possible to be committed, for there can be no wound made but what is curable, yea they assured me, and for my part I believe it, that though a man's head be cut off, yet if within three Moons it be joined to the Carcase again, and the Juice of a certain Herb there growing applied, it will be so consolidated as the wounded party shall in a few hours be perfectly cured. But the chief cause of their good government is an excellent disposition in the nature of the People, so that all both Old and Young hate all manner of vice and live in such love, peace, and amity as it seems to be another Paradise; Though it is true likewise that some are of a better disposition than others, which they discern immediately at their Birth; And because it is an inviolable Law amongst them that none shall be put to death, therefore perceiving by their Stature or some other signs who are like to be of a wicked and debauched humour, they send them, I know not by what means, into the Earth, and change them for other Children, before they have either opportunity or ability to do amiss among them, but first, they say, they are fain to keep them there for some time till the Air of the Earth altars their colour like ours. Their ordinary vent for them is a certain high Hill in the North of America, whose people, I am apt to believe, are wholly descended from them, both in regard of their colour, and their continual use of Tobacco, which the Lunars or Moon Men smoke exceedingly, the place abounding much with moisture, together with the pleasure they take therein, and some other respects too long to rehearse: Sometimes, though but seldom, they mistake their aim and fall upon Europe, Asia, or Africa. I remember some years since I read certain stories tending to confirm what is related by these Lunars, and especiaily one Chapter of Neubrigensis, de rebus Angl. It is toward the end of the first book, the Chapter I have forgot: Inigo Mondejar in his description of Nova Granata Book 2. Also Joseph Defia de Carana in his History of Mexico if my memory fail not, recount what will make my report much more credible; but I value not testimonies.  
If you inquire farther of the government of the Lunars, and how Justice is executed, alas what need is there of exemplary punishment where no offences are committed, neither need they any Lawyers, for there is no contention, the seeds whereof when they begin to sprout are instantly by the wisdom of the next Superior plucked up by the Roots. And as little want is there of Physicians, they never surfeit themselves, the Air is always pure and temperate, neither is there any cause at all of sickness, I could never hear of any that were distempered. But the time assigned them by nature being spent, they die without the least pain, or as I should rather say, they cease to live, as a Candle does to give light when what nourishes it is consumed. I was once at the departure of one of them, and was much surprised that notwithstanding the happy life he lived, and the multitude of Friends and Children he should forsake, yet as soon as he certainly understood his end to approach, he prepared a great Feast, and inviting all whom he especially esteemed, he exhorts them, To be merry and rejoice with him, since the time was come he should now leave the counterfeit Pleasures of that World, and be made partaker of all true Joy and perfect happiness; I did not so much admire his own constancy as the behaviour of his Friends; With us in the like case all seem to mourn, when many of them do oft but laugh in their Sleeves, or under a Vizard. But here all both young and old did, in my conscience, not pretendedly but really rejoice thereat, and if any dissembled, it was only grief for their own particular loss. Being dead their Bodies putrify not, and therefore are not buried, but kept in certain Rooms appointed to that purpose, so that most of them can show their Ancestors Bodies uncorrupt for many Generations; There is never any Rain, Wind, or change of Wether, never either Summer or Winter, but as it were a perpetual Spring, yielding all pleasure and content, free from the least trouble or annoyance; O my Wife and Children what wrong have you done me to bereave me of the happiness of that place! But it is no great matter, for by this Voyage I am sufficiently assured, that when the race of my mortal life is run I shall attain a greater and everlasting happiness elsewhere.  
It was the ninth of September that I began to ascend from the Pike of Tenariff, twelve days I was upon my Voyage and Arrived in that Province of the Moon called Simiri Sept. 21. following Friday May the twelft we came to the Court of the great Irdonozur and returned back the seventeenth to the Palace of Pylonas' where I continued till March 1601. When I earnestly requested Pylonas, as I had oft done before to give me leave to departed, though with never so great hazard of my life, back into the Earth again. He much dissuaded me, insisting on the danger of the Voyage, the misery of that place from whence I came, and the abundant happiness I now enjoyed, but the remembrance of my Wife and Children outweighed all these reasons, and to say the truth, I was so elated with a desire of the deserved glory I should purchase at my return, as methought I deserved not the name of a Spaniard if I would not hazard twenty lives rather than lose the least particle thereof. I therefore replied, that I had so strong a desire to see my Children as I found I could not possibly live any longer without going to them; He than requested me to stay one year longer, I told him, I must needs departed now or never, my Birds began to droop for want of their usual Voyage, three were already dead, and if a few more failed I was forever destitute of all possibility of return. At length with much soliciting I prevailed, having first acquainted the great Irdonozur with my Intentions, and perceiving by the often baying of my Birds a great longing in them to be gone, I trimmed up my Engine, and took my leave of Pylonas', who for all the kindness he had shown me required but one thing of me which was to promise him faithfully that if ever I had opportunity I would salute from him Elizabeth whom he termed, The great Queen of England, calling her the most glorious of all Women living, and indeed he would often question me about her, wherein he so much delighted that he seemed never satisfied with talking of her, he likewise delivered me a Present for her of no small value, and though I account her an Enemy to Spain, yet will I not fail in performing this promise as soon as I am able  
Thursday March 29. Three days after my waking from the last Moon's light I fastened myself to my Engine, not forgetting to take the Jewels Irdonozur had given me, with the Virtues and use whereof Pylonas had aaquainted me at large, together with a small quantity of Victuals whereof afterward I had great occasion. A vast multitude of People being present and among them Pylonas himself, after I had given them all the last Farewell, I let lose the reins to my Birds, who with much greediness taking wing, quickly carried me out of sight, it happened to me as in my first Passage, for I never felt either hunger or thirst till I fell upon an high Mountain in China about five Leagues from the High and Mighty City of Pequin. This Voyage was performed in less than nine days, neither heard I any news of these Airy men I met with in my ascending, nothing stayed me in the least in my Journey, whether because of the earnest desire of my Birds to return to the Earth, having already miss their season, or that the attraction of the Earth was so much stronger than that of the Moon, and so made it easier, yet so it was though I had three Birds less than before. For the first eight days my Birds flew before me, and I on the Engine was as it were drawn after, but the ninth day, when I began to approach the Clouds, I perceived myself and Engine to sink toward the Earth, and go before them. I was then horribly afraid lest my Birds unable to bear our weight, being so few, should be constrained to precipitate both me and themselves headlong to the Earth, and therefore thought it very necessary to make use of my stone Ebelus which I clapped to my bare Skin within my , and instantly I perceived my Birds made way with greater ease than before, as seeming freed from a great burden, neither do I think they could possibly have let me down safely to the Earth without that help.  
China is a Country so populous that I think there is scarce a piece of ground thrice a man's length which is not carefully manured; I being yet in the Air some of the Country people spying me came running by Troops, and seizing me would needs carry me before a Magistrate, and seeing no other remedy I yielded to them. But when I tried to go I found myself so light that one foot being on the ground I had much ado to set down the other, which was by reason my Ebelus so applied took all weight away from my Body, therefore considering what to do, I pretended a desire of performing the necessities of nature, which being made known to them by signs, for they understood not a word of any Language I could speak, they permitted me to go aside among a few bushes, assuring themselves it was impossible I should escape from them; being there, I remembered Pylonas his directions about the use of my stones, and knit them up, (together with a few remaining Jewels I brought from Judea) into an handkerchief, all except the least and worst Ebelus, which I found means to apply in such manner to my body that but the half of its side touched my Skin, this done I drew toward my Guardians, till coming so near that they could not cross my way, I shown them a fair pair of heels, that I might have time to hid my Jewels which I knew they would have robbed me of if not prevented. Being thus lightened I led them such a dance, that had they been all upon the backs of so many Race Horses they could never have overtaken me; I directed my Course to a thick Wood, wherein I entered about a quarter of a League and there finding a fine Spring, which I took for my mark, I thirst my Jewels into a hole made by a Mole hard by.  
I than took my Victuals out of my pocket, to which till now in all my Voyage I had not the least appetite, and refreshed myself therewith, till the people who pursued overtook me, into whose hands I quietly surrendered myself; They led me to an inferior Officer, who understanding that I escaped from those who first apprehended me, caused an enclosure of boards to be made, wherein they put me, so that only my head was at liberty, and then carried me upon the Shoulders of four slaves, like some notorious Malefactor, before a Person of great Authority, who in their Language I learned, was called a Mandarin, and resided a League off the famous City of Pequin. I could not understand them, but found I was accused for something with much vehemence, the substance of this accusation it seems was, that I was a Magician as appeared by my being so strangely carried in the Air, and that being a stranger as both my Language and habit did declare, I contrary to the Laws of China had entered the Kingdom without a Warrant, and probably for no good intent. The Mandarin heard them with a great deal of composed gravity, and being a man of quick apprehension, and studious of Novelties, he told them he would take such order as the case required, and my bold attempt should not go unpunished; Having dismissed them he ordered his Servants I should be kept in a remote part of his vast Palace, be strictly guarded, and kindly used; This I conjecture by my treatment and what followed, for my accommodation was much better than I could expect, I lodged well, eat well, was well attended, and could complain of nothing but my restraint; Thus continued I many months, afflicted more with the thoughts of my Gansa's than any thing else, who I knew must be irrecoverably lost, as indeed they were.  
In this time by my own Industry, and the assistance of those who accompanied me, I learned to speak indifferently the ordinary Language of that Province, (for almost every Province in China hath its proper Tongue) whereat I perceived they were much pleased; At length I was permitted to take the Air, and brought into the spacious Garden of that Palace, a place of extraordinary pleasure and delight, adorned with Herbs and Flowers of admirable sweetness and beauty, with almost infinite variety of Fruits, European and others, all composed with that rare curiosity as even ravished my senses in the contemplation of such delightful objects; I had not long recreated myself here, when the Mandarin entered the Garden on that side I was walking, of which having notice by his Servants, and that I ought to kneel to him (a usual reverence I found toward great Officers) I did so, and humbly entreated his favour toward a poor stranger who arrived in these parts not designedly but by the secret disposal of the Heavens; He answered in a different Language which I hear all the Mandarins use, and like that of the Lunars consisting chief of tunes, which was interpreted by one of his attendants, wishing me to be of good comfort since he intended no harm to me, and so passed on. Next day I was ordered to come before him, and being conducted into a Noble dining Room tightly painted and embellished, the Mandarin commanding all to avoid, vouchsafed to confer with me in the Vulgar Langaage, enquiring into the state of my Country, the Power of my Prince, and the Religion and Manners of the People, wherein having satisfied him, he descended to ask me about my education and studies, and what brought me into this remote Country; I then at large declared to him the Adventures of my Life, only omitting what particulars I thought convenient, and especially forbearing to mention the Stones given me by Irdonozur,  
The strangeness of my story did much amaze him, and finding in all my discourse nothing tending to Magic, wherein he hoped by my means to be instructed, he began to admire the excellency of my Wit, applauding me for the happiest man that this World ever saw, and wishing me to repose myself after my long Narration, he for that time dismissed me. After which the Mandarin took so much delight in me, that no day passed wherein he did not send for me; At length he advised me to cloth myself in the habit of that Country, which I willingly did, and gave me not only the liberty of his House, but took me also with him when he went to Pequin, whereby I had opportunity by degrees to learn the disposition of the People, and the Policy of the Country, neither did I by my attendance on him, gain only the knowledge of these things, but the possibility likewise of being restored to my native Soil, and to those dear Pledges which I value above the World, even my Wife and Children; For by often frequenting Pequin, I at length heard of some Fathers of the Society of Jesus, who were become famous for the extraordinary favour afforded them by the King, to whom they had presented some European Rarities, as Clocks, Watches, Dial's, and the like, which by them were accounted exquisite Curiosities. To these by the Mandarins leave I repaired, and was welcomed by them, they much wondering to see a Lay Spaniard there, whither they had with so much difficulty obtained leave to arrive. There did I relate to Father Pantoja & others of the Society the forementioned adventures, by whose directions I put them in writing, and sent this story of my Fortunes to Macao, from thence to be conveyed to Spain as a forerunner of my return; And the Mandarin being very indulgent to me, I came often to the Fathers with whom I consulted about many secrets, and with them also laid the Foundation of my return, the blessed hour whereof I do with patience expect, that by enriching my Country with the knowledge of these hidden mysteries, I may at last reap the Glory of my Forrunate Misfortunes.  
Mention being made in the preceding discourse of the Pike of Teneriff one of the Canary Islands, which is thought not to have its equal in the World for height, its top being so much above the Clouds, that in clear weather it may be seen sixty Dutch Leagues at Sea, I cannot think it altogether unpleasant to give an account of some English men who a few years since ascended to the top thereof, and Published the fellowing relation.  
It cannot be ascended but in July and August, lying all the other months covered with Snow, though upon this and the near adjacent Islands none is to be seen; It requires three days travel to come to the top; The Merchants and other worthy Persons who undertook this Journey proceed thus. Having furnished ourselves with a Guide, Servants, and Horses to carry our Wine and Provision, we set forth from Oratava a Port Town in the Island of Teneriff, situate on the north side, two mile distant from the main Sea, and travelled from twelve at night till eight in the morning, by which time we got to the top of the first Mountain toward the Pico de Terraira, there under a very large and conspicuous Pinetree we took our Breakfast, Dined, and refreshed ourselves till two in the Asternoon. Then we passed through many sandy ways, over many lofty Mountains, but naked and bare, and not covered with Pine Trees as our first night's passage was; this exposed us to excessive heat, till we arrived to the foot of the Pico, where we found divers huge Stones which seemed to have fallen from some upper part; About six in the evening we began to ascend up the Pice, but were scarce advanced a mile, and the way being no more passable for Horses, we left them with our Servants. In the ascent of one mile, some of our Company grew very faint and sick, disordered by Fluxes, Vomitings, and Aguish Distempers, our Horse's hair standing up like Bristles, and calling for some of our Wine carried in small Barrels on an Horse, we found it so wonderfully cold, that we could not drink it till we had made a Fire to warm it, notwithstanding the Air was very calm and moderate, but when the Sun was set, it began to blow with such violence, and grow so cold, that taking up our lodging among the hollow Rocks, we were necessitated to keep Fires in the mouths of them all night.  
About four in the morning we began to mount again, and being come another mile up, one of our Company failed and was able to proceed no further; Here began the black Rocks, the rest of us pursued our Journey till we came to the Sugar Loaf, where we began to travel again in a white Sand, being fitted with Shoes, whose single Soles are made a Finger broader than the upper Leathers, to encounter this difficult passage; Having ascended as far as the black Rocks, which lay all flat like a plain Floor, we climbed within a mile of the very top of the Pico, and at last we attained the Summit, where we found no such smoke as appeared a little below, but a continual perspiration of a hot and sulphurous vapour that made our Faces extremely sore, all this way we found no considerable alteration of the Air, and very little Wind, but on the top it was so impetuous that we had much ado to stand against it whilst we drank the King's Health, and fired each of us a Piece. Here also we took our Dinner, but found that our strong Waters had lost their virtue, and were almost insipid, while our Wine was more Brisk and Spirituous than before; The top on which we stood being not above a yard broad is the Brink of a Pit called the Caldera which we judged to be a Musket shot over, and near fourscore yards deep in form of a Cone, hollow within like a Kettel, and covered over with small lose stones mixed with Sulphur and Sand, from among which issued divers Spiracles of Smaok and Heat, which being stirred with any thing puffs and makes a noise, and so offensive, that we were even suffocated with the sudden rising of Vapours upon removing one of these Stones, which were so hot as not easily to be handled; We descended not above four or five yards into the Caldera or Cauldron because of the Slipperiness under foot, and the difficulty, but some have adventured to the bottom; Other matters observable we discovered none besides a clear sort of Sulphur which lay like Salt upon the Stones; From this renowned Pico we could see the Grand Canaries fourteen Leagues distant, Palma eighteen, and Gomera seven, which interval of Sea seemed not much wider than the Thames about London; We discerned also the Herro being distant about twenty Leagues, and so to the outmost limits of the Sea much farther; As soon as the Sun appeared the shadow of the Pico seemed to cover not only the whole Island and the Grand Canaries but the Sea to the very Horizon, where the top of the Sugar-loaf or Pico visibly appeared to turn up, and cast its shade into the Air itself, at which we were much surprised;  
But the Sun was not far ascended when the Clouds began to rise so fast, as intercepted our Prospect both of the Sea and the whole Island, except the tops only of the Subjacent Mountains which seemed to pierce them through, whether these Clouds do ever surmount the Pico we cannot say, but to such as are far below they seem sometimes to hang above it, or rather wrap themselves about it, as constantly when the West Winds blow, this they call the Cap, and is an infallible prognostic of ensuing Storms; One of our Company who made this Journey again two years after, arriving at the top of the Pico before day, and creeping under a great stone to  himself from the cold Air; after a little space found himself all wet, and perceived it to come from a perpetual trickling of the Water from the Rocks above him; Many excellent and exuberant Springs we found issuing from the tops of most of the other mountains, gushing out in great Spouts almost as far as the huge Pinetree we mentioned before; Having stayed a while at the top, we all descended the Sandy way till we came to the foot of the Sugar-loaf, which being steep even almost to a perpendicular we soon passed, and here we met with a Cave about ten yards deep and fifteen broad, being in shape like an Oven or Cupola, having a hole at the top near eight yards over; This we descended by a Rope that our Servants held fast on the top, while with the other end being fastened about our middles we swung ourselves till being over a Bank of Snow, we slid down, lighting upon it, we were forced to swing thus in the descent, because in the midst of the bottom of this Cave opposite to the overture at the top is a round pit of Water like a Well, the surface whereof is about a yard lower, but as wide as the Mouth at top, and about six Fathom deep, we supposed this Water not a Spring, but dissolved Snow blown in, or Water trickling through the Rocks; about the sides of the Grott for some height there is Ice and Icicles hanging down to the Snow.  
But being quickly weary of this excessive cold place, and drawn up again, we continued our descent from the Mountains by the same Passage we went up the day before, and so about five in the Evening arrived at Oratava from whence we set forth, our faces so red and sore that to cool them we were forced to wash and bathe them in Whites of Eggs; The whole height of the Pico in perpendicular is vulgarly esteemed to be two miles and an half. No Trees, Herbs nor Shrubs did we find in all the Passage, but Pines, and among the whiter Sands a kind of Broom being a bushy Plant; It is the opinion of some Ingenious Persons who have lived twenty years upon the place, that the whole Island being a Soil mightily impregnated with Brimstone did in former times take fire and blow up all or near all at the same time, and that many Mountains of huge Stones calcined and burnt, which appears all over this Island, especially in the South-West part of it, were cast up and raised out of the Bowels of the Earth at the time of that general conflragation, and that the greatest quantity of this Sulphur lying about the centre of the Island raised up the Pico to that height at which it now is seen, which appears by the situation of those Rocks that lie three or sour Miles round the bottom of the Pico, and in such order one above another almost to the Sugar-loaf as it is called, as if the whole ground swelling and rising up together by the ascension of the Brimstone, the Torrents and Rivers of it did with a sudden eruption Roul and Tumble them down from the rest of the Rocks, especially to the South-West where from the top of the Pico to the Sea-coast lie huge heaps of these  Rocks one under another, and there still remain the very tracks of the Brimstone Rivers as they ran over this Quarter of the Island which hath so wasted the ground, beyond recovery, that nothing can be made to grow there but Broom.   

Sect. III. A View of the Bay OF SOULDANIA, Near the Coast of Good Hope, on the Coast of AFRICA.  
Strange Creatures in India  
This remotest part of Africa is very mountainous, and overun with wild Beasts, as Lions, Tigers, Wolves, and many other Beasts of Prey, which in the silent night discover themselves by their noise and roaring; To the Teeth and Jaws of which cruel creatures the Natives do here expose their old people if death prevent not, when once they grow decrepit and troublesome, laying them forth in some open place in the dark night, when the Wild Beasts creep forth, and the young Lions roar after their Prey. One miserable poor Old wretch was thus exposed when some English Ships were there, who by his pitiful cries was discovered by our Court of Guard that were there ashore not far from him by whom he was relieved and delivered for that present out of the Jaws of Death, and they ask Cooree one of the Natives (of whom hereafter) why they did so, he replied, It was their Custom when their People had lived so long that they knew not what to do with them thus to be rid of them; They saw in this Bay of Souldania many Whales, and about the Shoar divers particoloured Fowls and Ostriches; The Soil about the Bay seems very good, but the Sun shines not upon a People in the whole World more Barbarous than those which possess it, being rather Beasts in the Skins of men, than Men in the Skins of Beasts, as appears by their Ignorance, Habit, Language, Diet and other things wherein they appear absolutely brutish.  
For as to Religion, generally all the People in the World as well Heathen as Christian do acknowledge the great God of Heaven and Earth, but they, as Cooree told us, own no God at all; Their speech seems rather an inarticulate noise than a Language, sounding like the clucking of Hens, or Gambling of Turkeys, wherewith as they walk about, they make a very strange confused noise, if there be two, three, five, ten, twenty or more in company it is their manner to walk in rank one after another in small paths they have made by there going thus, as Cows in Summer do many times when they come home to the pail, or as Wild Geese who fly in Ranks, and as they fly make a noise, so these walking together gabble from the first to the last in company as if all spoke and none answered; Their Habits are their Sheepskins undressed thonged together, which cover their bodies to the middle, with a little flap of the same Skin tied before them, being naked downward, when it is cold they put the Woolley, and when hot the Fleshy side of those Skins next their Body. Their Ornaments and Jewels are Bullocks or Sheepsguts full of Excrements about their Necks, and therefore when we bought their  they would take, and we were content they should, their Skins, Guts, and Garbage, which plentifully furnished them with that stinking attire; When they are hungry they sit down upon some hillock, first shaking some of that filthy pudding out of the Guts about their Neck, then bowing down their Mouths to their hands almost as low as their knees, like hungry Dogs they gnaw and eat the Raw Guts, which you may conceive fills their Mouths full of sweet Green Sauce.  
The Women are adorned, habited and dieted in the same manner, only they wear more about their lower parts than the men, they carry their sucking Infants under their Skins upon their backs, and their Breasts hanging down like Bagpipes, they put up with their hands to their Children that they may suck them over their Shoulders; Both Sexes make cover for their heads of Cowdung and such like silth, mingled with a little stinking Grease they besmear their Faces with, which makes their Company insufferable if they get the Wind of you; I observed (saith my Author) that some of the rest of their Diet was agreeable to the former, for they would not refuse any thing, as rotten and mouldy Biscuits which we have given them, fit for nothing but the dunghill, yea they will devour what a hungry Dog in England would refuse. I once observed a couple of them, who had found on the Neighbour Shoar a large piece of a dead Fish the Sea had cast up, which stunk intolerably, they made a little fire with dry Cowdung wherewith they warmed and then eat it, with as much appetite as an hungry man with us would feed upon a very choice and Savoury Dish, which makes me apt to believe that these wretched creatures have but three senses, wanting the benefit both of smelling and tasting. These Brutes devote themselves to Idleness, for they neither spin nor dig; They are very straight and well limbed, though not very Tall, their Faces very ill favoured, most of their Noses flat, have little or no beard, the hair on their heads short, black and curled, their Skins very tawny, swift they are of foot, and will throw Darts and shoot Arrows (which are their Weapons) very dangerously.  
I shall here insert a true Relation (saith my Author) about three years before I went to India which was in 1615 one of the East India Companies Ships returning thence and arriving at this Harbour, after a little stay when she was ready to Sail, and having then two of these Savages aboard, the Commander resolved to bring them both home with him, imagining that having learned English here, they might discover something of their Country yet unknown to us; These poor wretches thus surprised and carried away against their wills were much disturbed; One of them merely out of sullenness, though he was very well used, died soon after they put to Sea; The other who called himself Cooree a forenamed, was brought to London, and there kept Six Months in Sir Thomas smith's House then Governor of the East India Company, where he had good Diet, good , good Lodging, and all other fitting Accommodations; One would have thought that this wretch might have conceived his present, compared with his former Condition a Heaven upon Earth.  
But all these things gave him no content, though to his good Entertainment he had gallantry added, having a Chain of Bright Brass, with Breast, Back and Headpeice of the same, and a Buckler all of Brass his beloved Metal, yet all this did not now please him, for never did any man seem more weary of ill Usage, than he was of Courtesies, none being ever more desirous of returning to his Country than he; For when he had learned a little of our Language he would daily lie on the ground and cry out very often in broken English, Cooree home go, Souldania go, home go. And not long after when he had his desire, and was returned home, he had no sooner set footing on his own shore but he presently threw away his , his Linen, with all his other covering, and instantly got his Sheepskins upon his back, guts about his Neck, and a presumed Cap of Cowdung on his Head, and so returned like a Dog to his vomit, & a Swine to his wallowing in the Mire, without a Metaphor; After this Fellow was returned, it made the Natives very shy of us when we arrived there, for though they would come about us in great Companies when we first arrived, yet three or four days before they thought we would departed thence there was not one of them to be seen, fearing we would have dealt with them as formerly with Cooree. But it had been well he had never seen England, for as he discovered nothing to us, so certainly when he came home he told his Countrymen, having doubtless observed it here, that Brass was but a base and cheap commodity in England, and it may be we had so well stored them with that Metal before, that we had never after such a free exchange of our Brass and Iron for their . It was here that I asked Cooree, who was their God, He lifting up his hands answered in bad English, England God, Great God; Souldania no God.  
In 1614 Ten Englishmen being condemned to die for their several Crimes at the Sessions in the Old Bailie London, had their Execution respited by the entreaty of the East-India Merchants, upon condition they should be all banished to this place, that so if they could find any peaceble abode here, they might discover somewhat advantageous to Trade, this was done accordingly, but two of them when they came thither were taken thence, and carried on the Voyage to the Indies; One named Daffeld was that year redeemed from this sad banishment by Sir Thomas Row who was sent Ambassador to the Great , and afterward brought back to England by that Noble Gentleman, and being then entrusted by him, this ingrateful Villain stole some of his Plate and ran away; Another was likewise on the Voyage, but what became of him I know not. So that there remained only eight, which were here left with Ammunition and Victual, and a small Boat to carry them to and from a very little uninhabited Island, lying in the very Mouth of the Bay of Souldania, as a place for their retreat and safety from the Natives on the Main; It is called Penguin Island, probably so named by some Welshman, in whose Language Penguin signifies a white head, there being many great large Fowls upon and about this Island with great Coal-black Bodies and White Heads called Penguins.  
The Chief Person left here was one Cross, who called himself Captain; He was before one of the Yeomen of the Guard to King James the first, but having twice or thrice had his hand in the blood of men slain in Duels, and being now condemned to die with the rest, upon very great suit made for him he was banished hither with them, whither yet Divine Justice seemed to pursue him, for being a very stout resolute man and abusing the Natives, he was soon after his arrival surprised by them who shot his Body so full of Arrows that he looked like the man in the Almanac, and seemed to be all one wound; The other seven recovered their Boat, and got off the Continent rowing toward the Island without much damage, but the Water running very high, as soon as they were ashore their Boat was split in pieces, so that they were then forced to continue in that miserable place where never a Tree grew either for Sustenance, Shelter or Shade, nor any thing else to sustain their lives, having no fresh Water but what the Showers left in the holes of the Rocks; And which added to their misery, it abounded so with venomous Serpents that it was very dangerous treading in the long Grass for fear of them; They had but a small quantity of dry Biscuit, their Bellies were hungry, and their sleep unsafe, so that nothing could render their condition more unhappy, and yet these seven vile Wretches all lived to be made examples of Divine Justice, for after they had continued in this desolate place five or six months, and were all grown almost mad with Famine, it pleased God that an English Ship came into that Road bound for England; Four of these seven grew so impatient of an hours stay there, that immediately after the Ship came in they made a float of the Ruins of their split Boat, and other Wood, and with ravelled and untwisted Boat Ropes fastening as well as they could, all together, extremity instructing them, they got thereon poizing it to the best advantage, hoping by the benefit of their Oars, and strength of the Tide which ran quick toward the Ship to recover her; But their expectation failed them, for it being toward Evening when they made this attempt, and not being discovered by the Ship which then rid a good way up in their Bay, before they could come near her, the Tide returned and carried them back into the main Sea, where they all were cast away.  
The day following the Ship sent a Boat to the Island, which took these three yet surviving into her, as the other four might have been had their patience held out but one night longer, who gave this account of their Fellows misfortune; But notwithstanding all the sufferings of these miscreants, yet they behaved themselves so lewdly in the Ship in their return homeward, that they were very often put in the Bilbows; At length the Ship arriving safely in the Downs she had not been at Anchor three hours, when these Villains got ashore, where they had not been above three hours but they committed a Robbery, and a very few hours after were all apprehended for the Fact, and suddenly after that, their irreclaimable humour being related to the Lord Chief Justice, they were by his special Warrant Executed as incorrigible Wretches upon their former Sentence, near Sandwich in Kent, where they committed their Crime. The year following three other condemned Persons were carried to be left in this place, but hearing of the ill success of their Predecessors, and that they were unlike to be safe here when the Ships were ready to departed and leave them on shore, they all came and presented themselves on their Knees with tears in their Eyes before our Captain Joseph, humbly beseeching him to order them to be Hanged in that place before they went, which they chose much rather than to be left there; It was a very sad sight to behold three men in such a condition that they should esteem Hanging to be a mercy; Our Commander told them he had no Commission to Execute them, but to leave them there, and so he must do, and probably had done, but our fifth Ship the Swan staying in this place a day or two after took these poor men in. And so much for the Bay of Souldania.   

Sect. IU. THE English Acquisitions in the EASTINDIES.  
HAving cleared our way let us now Sail merrily toward the Indies, doubling first the Cape of Good Hope, and then passing by Madagascar called also St. Laurence, one of the greatest Islands in the World, stored with all manner of Provisions, but inhabited by a barbarous and Heathenish People, yet stout, warlike and very numerous. Over against which on the Continent of Africa are Zefala and Mozambique, where the Portugals have got footing, and may be strongly supposed to be the places whither Solomon sent his Navy of Ships built at Eziongebar which stood on the Banks of the Red Sea in Arabia the Happy, the Country of that famous Queen of the South, who hearing of his Wisdom and Renown, took her Journey thence to visit the Court of King Solomon; From that place Solomon sent his Ships for Gold, and Silver, and Ivory, coasting all along the African shore, the Art of Navigation being then unknown; And the Mariners steering without Chart or Compass, were necessitated to keep the Neighbouring Lands always in sight, as doubtless they did, these places being stored with those rich Commodities above other parts of Africa.  
The Portugals, Dutch and English, discovered these Countries of India in the last Age; and have since settled themselves by Forts, and Castles there; The Portugals first broke the Ice, who in 1494. failing from Lisbon under Vasco de Gama, doubled the Cape of Good Hope, and succeeded so well afterward as to Conquer and Fortify several places in many Countries of Asia, and the Islands thereof; In 1595. the Dutch set out our a Fleet from Amsterdam to India, wherein they used such extraordinary dexterity with then Cannon Law and Steel Arguments, that they made themselves Masters of 28 Forts and Castles, and of forty four or forty five Factories in a short time, for preserving their Trade. In 1600. the English began their Discoveries under Sir James Lancaster with four Ships, whose endeavours were so blest, and the good Government of the Honourable East-India Company prospered so well, that they settled their Residence and Factories in twenty four several places of note, as at Ormus and Jasques in the entrance of the Persian Gulf under the Persian Monarch; At Cambaja, Surat, Agria, and other places in the Great Mogul's Country; At Maslapatan, Armagon, Petipoly, Pattana, Siam, and other places on the Coast of Cormandel, and the Continent of Asia; At Achin, Ticko, Jambe, Prianian, on the Isle of Sumatra; At Bantam, Jacatra and Japarra on the Island of Java; At Socodana and Beniermasa, on the Island of Borneo; At Macassar in the Isle of Celebs; At Poleroon on the Isle of Banda; At Firando in Japan; And lastly at Amboina, Hitto, and other of the Molucco's, which they quietly enjoyed, till the Dutch by base Circumventions, and treacherous practices, deprived the English of that Trade, and several of them of their Lives, as has been at large published to the World.  
The honourable East-India Company was incorporated in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, and hath since been confirmed, with divers Immunities added to their Charter by all the succeeding Kings, so that now they have as ample Privileges as any other Company whatsoever, and are found very beneficial to the Nation by the great Trade they drive in Importing so many rich Commodities from India, Persia and Arabia; They export from hence, Pieces of Eight, Dollars, Broad , Perpetuana's, Gunpowder, Elephants Teeth, Led, Amber, Looking-Glasses, Sizars, Knives, Beads, Bracelets, Feathers, Coral, Quicksilver, vermilion, Allom, Brimstone, and many others; For which they import all sorts of Spices, Cotton-yarn, Calicoes, Pintadoes, Tamerinds, Sanders, spikenard, Bezoar, Aloes, Myrrh, Rhubarb, Opium, Frankincense, Cassia, Borax, Calamus, Mirabolans, Green Ginger, Sugars, Sugar Candy, Camphire, Sandal Wood, Benjamin, Musk, Civet, Ambergris, Rice, Indigo, Silks both Raw and wrought; Salt Petre, Precious Stones of several sorts, Pearl, Mother of Pearl, Gold, Silver, Crystal, Cornelian Rings, agates, Lacquie Furs, and Skins of Wild Beasts, Porcelain Copper, China Roots, Tea, Sanguis Draconis, China Wares of divers sorts with several other Commodities and Drugs too tedious to relate.  
Designing to give some Account of the Countries wherein the aforementioned Forts and Factories are placed, according to my proposed Method, and the scantling allowed me, I shall begin with Ormus which is an Island Scituate in the Persian Gulf about twenty Mile in compass, stony and full of Rocks, and in a manner barren of all necessaries except Salt wherewith the very Rocks are covered, and of Salt Stone many Houses built; So destitute of all things fitting for the life of man that the Inhabitants had all their Victuals even the Water which they drank from the adjoining Countries; The Air so hot in Summer that the people rest themselves in Caves covered over with Wood, where they stand or sit in Water up to the Chin, and have Loopholes in the Tops of their Houses to let in the Wind; Which notwithstanding, in regard of the Situation, it was of late one of the richest Empories in all the World, the wealth of Persia and East-India being brought thither, and conveyed hence up by Water to the River Euphrates, and so by Boats or on Camels Backs to Aleppo, Alexandretta, Tripoli, and from thence dispersed into all the Countries of the Mediterranean Sea; The chief and only City was of the same name with the Island founded about seven hundred years ago by one Mahomet Danku descended from the Kings of Saba in Arabia Faelix; Who with many Families of the Sabeans passed over the straits into Carmania, and the Isles adjoining, and liking the Situation of this Island, built this City in it, which he called Ormus, or Armuzium, according to the name of the Promontory wherein it lies; It is seated at one end of the Isle, about 2 Miles in compass, well built and adorned with a fair Market place, some Churches, and a well fortified Castle, furnished with all necessaries for a Siege; By reason of its wealth and resort of Merchants, grown to such esteem that it gave gave occasion to this distich.  
Si terrarum Orbis quaequa patet Annulus esset,  
Illius Ormusium Gemma decusque foret,  
Were all the World a Ring, this Isle alone  
Might of that Ring be thought to be the Stone.  
It was first under its own King, whose Dominion extended also to some part of the Continent on either side, and over all the rest of the Islands within the Gulf; His Revenue of no great yearly value till the coming of the Portugals thither, by whom it was discovered under the conduct of Albukerque in 1509. Who having fortified some part of it for their own defence, made it the Staple of their Trade for the Indian Merchandise, so enriched the same that the Revenues of those Kings (though Vassals and Tributaries to the Portugals) amounted to an hundred and Forty Thousand Seriffs yearly; In this flourishing state it stood till 1622. when Abbas the Sultan of Persia having received some affronts from the Portuguess, or desirous to remove the Trade from Ormus to some Port of his own, gave order to Emangoli Chan the Duke of Shiras to besiege it with fifteen thousand men; Who despairing of prevailing by his Land Forces only, furnished himself with Ships and Cannon of some English Merchants, to whom he promised many things which he never performed; For being once Master of the City, he utterly destroyed it, removing the Ordnance to Lar, the wealth thereof to his own Treasury at Shiras, and the Materials of the Houses to Gombroon beforementioned, the Portuguess and Christian Natives, passing over to Muskahat in Arabia Faelix; Since which time though the English Captains that ventured in it were disappointed of the rewards they expected, yet so much honour hath been given by the King of Persia to the English Nation, that the Agent who resides at Gombroon takes Custom of all Strangers who traffic thither.  
The People hereof in their Persons, Habit, and Religion participate somewhat of the Arabians but most of the Persians; They are Mahometans for the most part, of the Sophian Sect, the Author of which Religion, has infatuated so great a part of the World with his Blasphemous dotage was Mahomet that Grand Impostor born at Jathrip an obscure Village not far from Medina, his Father called Abdalla was an Idolatrous Pagan, his Mother named Hemina as perverse a Jewess; Deprived of both his Parents when but two years old, he was left to the care of an Uncle, who not able to give him Education, nor willing to keep him any longer, sold him at sixteen years of Age to the Ishmaelites, by whom exposed to Sale in the open Market he was bought by one Abdal a wealthy Merchant. By whom employed at first in drudgery and servile Offices, till noting his great Wit, and fitness for better Services, he at last used him as his Factor, sending him with his Camels and Loads of Merchandise into Syria, Persia, Egypt and other places, wherein he behaved himself with such dexterity that he much increased his Master's wealth, and his own estimation; Of Person he is said to be low, and withal Scald headed, but otherwise comely and of good aspect; Much troubled with the falling sickness, which infirmity he made good use of afterward, affirming those fits were nothing but heavenly raptures in which he conversed with the Angel Gabriel; He is likewise said to have been well Skilled in Magic, by which he taught a white Pigeon to feed at his Ear, which he declared was the Holy Ghost, by whom he was instructed in the Law he was to publish, but this not till afterwards; By Sorceries, comeliness of Person, and the great knowledge he had in his Master's business, he gained so far on the Affections of his Mistress that upon the death of Abdal she made him her Husband.  
Possessed of all his Master's Wealth, he affected ease, and being till-then of no Religion, or at least a Pagan, he began to hearken to Sergius a Nestorian Monk, who flying out of Syria for fear of punishment (the Heresies of Nestorius being newly both revived and censured) came into Arabia, where he found Entertainment in the House of Mahomet; By his persuasions who found him a fit Instrument for the Devil to work on, he began to entertain thoughts of hammering out a new Religion which might unite all Parties in some common Principles, and bring the Christians, Jews and Gentiles, into which the World was then divided, under one Profession; Resolved on this he retired to a Cave not far from Mecca as if he there attended only Contemplation; Sergius in the mean time Trumpetting in the Ears of the People both his Parts and Piety, who being thus prepared to behold the Pageant, out comes the principal Actor, with some parts of his Alcoran, pleasing enough to sensual minds which he professed to have received from the Angel Gabriel; And finding that this edified to his expectation he next proclaimed Liberty to all Slaves and Servants, as a thing commanded him by God, by whom the natural Liberty of Mankind was most dearly tendered, which drew to him such a Rabble of unruly People, that without fear or opposition he dispersed his Doctrines, reducing them at last to a Book or Method. The Book of this Religion he calleth the Alcoran, or Collection of Precepts, the original whereof they feign is written on a Table kept in Heaven, and the Copy brought to Mahomet by the Angel Gabriel. A Book so highly reverenced by the Mahometans that they writ upon the cover of it; Let none touch this but he that is clean. The Body of it, as it now standeth, was composed by Osman the fourth Caliph or Governor, who seeing the Saracens daily inclining to divers Heresies by reason of some false Copies of Mahomet's Law, and that the Empire by the same means was likely to fall into civil dissension, by the help of his Wife, who was Mahomet's Daughter, he got a sight of all Mahomet's Papers, which he reduced into four Volumes, and divided into 124 Chapters, commanding expressly upon pain of death, that that Book, and that only should be received as Canonical through his Dominions; The whole body of it being only a Gloss and Exposition on Eight of the Commandments.  
First, Every one ought to believe that God is a great God, and one only God, and Mahomet is his Prophet. They hold Abraham to be the Friend of God, Moses the Messenger of God, and Christ the Breath of God, whom they deny to be conceived of the Holy Ghost, affirming that the Virgin Mary grew with Child of him by smelling to a Rose, and was delivered of him at her Breasts; They deny the Mystery of the Trinity, but punish such as speak against Christ, whose Religion was not, say they, taken away but amended by Mahomet, and whoever in his Pilgrimage to Mecca doth not visit the Sepulchre of Christ either going or coming, is reputed not to have merited or bettered himself by his Journey.  
2. Every man must marry to increase the Disciples of Mahomet. Four Wives he allows to every man, and as many Concubines as he will, between whom the Husband makes no difference either in Affection or Apparel, but that the first Wife only enjoys his Sabbath days Benevolence; The Women are not admitted while alive into their Churches, nor after death into Paradise; And whereas in most other countries' Fathers give some Portions with their Daughters, the Mahometans give Money for their Wives, which being once paid, the Contract is Registered in the Cadies' Book, and this is all their formality of Marriage.  
3. Every one must give of his Wealth to the Poor. Hence some buy Slaves, and set them free, others buy Birds and let them fly; They use commonly to release Prisoners and Bondslaves; To build Caves or Lodgings in the ways for relief of Passengers; Repair Bridges and mend High ways; But there most ordinary Alms consists in Sacrifices of Sheep and Oxen, which when the Solemnity is performed they distribute amongst the Poor, to whom also on the first day of every year they are bound to give the Tithe or Tenth part of their profits the year past, so that there are scarce any Beggars among them.  
4. Every one must make his Prayers five times a day. When they pray they turn their Bodies toward Mecca, but their Faces sometimes one way, and sometimes another, believing that Mahomet shall come behind them while at their Devotions. The first time is an hour before Sunrising, the second at noonday, the third at three a Clock Afternoon, the fourth at Sunsetting, the fift and last before they go to sleep; At all these times the Criers bawl in the Steeples (for the Turks and Saracens have no Bells) for the people to come to Church, and such as cannot, must when they hear the voice of the Criers, fall down in the place where they are, do their Devotions, and kiss the ground thrice.  
5. Every one must keep a Lent one month in a year. This Lent is called Ramazan, in which they suppose the Alcoran was given to Mahomet by the Angel Gabriel. This Fast is only in the day time, their Law allowing them to be as Frolic in the night as they please, so they abstain from Wine and Swine's Flesh, which is prohibited in their Law at all times, but never so strictly abstained from as in Lent.  
6. Be Obedient to thy Parents. Which Law is most neglected of any in all the Alcoran, never any Children being generally so unnatural as the Turkish.  
7. Thou shalt not Kill. This they keep inviolate amongst themselves, but the poor Christians are sure to feel their sury. And as if by this Law the actual shedding of Blood only were prohibited, they have invented punishments for their Offenders worse than death itself. As first the Strappado which is hanging them by the Arms drawn backwark, and then drawn up on high, and letting down again with a violent swing which unjointeth all their Back and Arms. Secondly, they sometimes hoist up their Heels, and with a great Cudgel give them three or four hundred blows on the Soles of their Feet. Thirdly, It is ordinary to draw them naked up to the top of a Gibbet or Tower full of Hooks, and cutting the Rope to let them fall down again, and by the way they are caught by some of the Hooks, where they commonly hang till they die for hunger.  
8. Do unto others as thou wouldst be done unto thyself.  
Cruel Executions in India  
Their Opinions of the end of the World are very ridiculous, as that at the Winding of an Horn, not all Flesh only, but the Angels themselves shall die; That the Earth with an Earthquake shall be kneaded together like a lump of Doughty; That a second blast of the same Horn shall after forty days restore all again; That Cain shall be the Captain or Ring leader of the damned who shall have the Faces of Dogs and Swine; That they shall pass over the Bridge of Justice laden with their sins in Satchels; That the greater Sinners shall fall into Hell, the lesser into Purgatory only, with a thousand the like fopperies needless to relate, which may be found in the Alcoran, a thing so full of Tautologies, incoherences, and gross absurdities of so impure and carnal mixture, that whoever is taken with it must abandon his natural reason, if Force, Ambition, or want of Christian Education, do not induce him to embrace it. For if we seriously consider the causes of the deplorable increase and long continuance of this Religion, we shall find them to be chiefly these. 1. The greatness of the Victories obtained by the Saracens, who easily compelled the conquered Nations to receive their Law. 2. The great zeal and diligence of the Arabians themselves, who being a numerous people, and much given to Merchandise have possessed themselves of all the Seacoasts of afric from the straits of Babel Mandel almost to the Cape of Good Hope; of all the Islands in those Seas, and many Factories and good Towns on the Coasts of India, in all which they have settled their Religion also, as a thing inseparable from their Nation. 3. A peremptory restraint of all disputations in any point of Religion whatsoever. 4. The Suppressing Philosophy and the Study of Humane Sciences, the light whereof might easily detect the grossness of their Superstitions. 5. The sensual liberty allowed of having variety of Wives, and as many Concubines as they are able to keep. 6. The promise of the like sensual pleasures in the other World, with which a mind not illuminated with the Spirit of God, is generally more affected, than with the Speculative hope of a future happiness. 7. The forbidding Printing and Printed Books, whereby people might perceive the truth and purity of the Christian Faith, with the Falsehood and impurity of the Law of Mahomet. Yet had not these last been sufficient to induce the belief of such absurdities if the first had not opened and prepared the way.  
For force of Arms was really the most prevailing Argument by which Mahomet himself confirmed, and his Successors since have propogated and dispersed his Doctrine; Who being strengthened by that Rascal Rabble which resorted to him, he assaults Medina pretending a quarrel to the Jews, who had there a Synagogue, repulsed at first with loss of men and a wound in his face by which some of his foreteeth were beaten out, and was there likely to have ended his New Religion, if not recovered by his Soldiers for further mischief. At the next onset he prevailed, the Battle being sought near a place called Bedez, situate betwixt Mecca and Medina, frequently mentioned in the Alcoran. After which fight he took the City, converting the Synagogue to a Temple for his own impieties; The News hereof so startled the Nobility of Mecca that they armed all their powers against him and succeeded so well in the beginning of the War that they drove him forcibly from their Territories, which yet not long after he again subdued and made his chief Residence at Mecca. From that his flight the Saracens compute their years, (as we from Christ's Nativity) which they call the Hegira, and gins about the year of our Lord 617. so termed from an Arabic word that signifies; The Persecution raised about Religion. It happened about this time that the Saracens revolting from Heraclius the Eastern Emperor joined themselves to Mahomet being exasperated by Julian the Apostate whom they served in his Wars against the Persians for telling them, upon demanding their pay. That he had greater store of Steel than Gold; But they than wanted a Head to resort to; Now serving Heraclius in the same War, they were used by his Officers in the same ill manner, for ask their pay, the Treasurer of the Army made them this Churlish answer, There is scarce Money enough to pay the Roman and Grecian Soldiers, and why must those Dogs be so importunate for their Wages? Provoked herewith, and hearing the fame of Mahomet, they joined him, who strengthened herewith, and the coming in of the rest of their Countrymen he soon brought all Arabia under his Subjection, and having defeated the Emperor's forces sent against him he conquered some parts of Syria and Egypt and returning to Mecca there died frantic and distempered, in the 70 year of his Age, and twenty third of his Impostures, of which he spent thirteen at Medina and the rest at Mecca. His dead Body being kept four days in expectation of a Resurrection which he promised to perform at the end of three grown full of stench and putrefaction, was carried to Medina and there interred; His Successors out of wicked and Worldly Policy keeping up the reputation of that Religion after his decease which they scorned and derided in his life, calling themselves Caliphs' and Vicar Generals to him their Prophet.  
But to return to Persia, the Government of that Empire is purely Despotic or Tyrannical, for the King has the sole Power of life and death over all his Subjects, independent from his Council, and without any Trials or Law Proceed. He can put to what death he pleases the chief Lords of the Kingdom, no man daring to dispute the reason; Nor is there any Sovereign in the World more absolute than he. The King deceasing and leaving Male Issue behind him,- the Eldest ascends the Throne, while his Brothers are kept in the Haram or Castle, and their Eyes put out, and if the King have the least jealousy they are instantly put to death without further Examination, and not only they, but the Children of the King's Brothers and Sisters likewise; I remember saith my Author, when I first traveled into Persia they were not so rigorous, but were contented to move a red hot Iron to and fro before their Eyes; But Shakstone Sefi the last Emperor peceiving his command negligently Executed, and that the poor unhappy Princes had some sight left them, he ordered their Eyes to be digged out of their Heads; Sha' Sefi's cruelty went yet further, for he spared not his Eldest Son Shakstone Abbas the lawful Heir of his Throne, ordering one of the Eunuches to move an Iron before his Eyes, no man knowing a reason, but the Eunuch compassionating the young Prince, moved an Iron yet not red hot before his Eyes, and teaching him to counterfeit himself blind, preserved his sight till his Father lay upon his Death bed, when being very Penitent for having put out the Eyes of his Eldest Son to whom the Crown did of right belong, the Eunuch seeing the King so sadly afflicted, and ready to give up the Ghost, assured him that he would restore the Prince to his sight, and to comfort him at his death, brought the Prince with perfect Eyes to his Bedside, the sight of whom prolonged the King's life till the next day, and gave him time to command all the Grandees of the Court to obey Shakstone Abbess his Eldest Son, as his lawful Successor and their King.  
There are several of these Blind Princes at Ispahan, and I knew one particularly, saith my Author, who is still alive and a Person of excellent natural Parts; As Blind as he is, he is a great lover of Curiosities, and has built him a House at Ispahan worth seeing. He is overjoyed when he meets with any rarities out of Europe, feeling them in his hands, and causing his Eunuches who are very apprehensive to tell him the meaning of every thing; He is a great admirer of Clockwork and Watches, and to know what a Clock it is, he has little points set up in the Dial Plate, and a half hand that he may not be deceived which points to the hour; With certain Figures which he makes of soft Wax, and sets in order upon a Table, he will cast up an account very exactly, several other good qualities are eminent in him, and it is a miserable spectacle that a man should be reduced to that deplorable condition only because he is of the Blood-Royal of Persia. This State is distinguished like most of those in Europe into three bodies, first that of the Sword, which answers to the Nobility, and consists of the King's Household, the Khans or Governors, and all the Soldiery. The second that of the Gown, comprehending all those that belong to the Law and Courts of Justice. The third is composed of Merchants, Handicrafts men, and Labourers.  
Among other cunning contrivances, which Sha' Abbas made use of to know the true State of his Affairs without trusting too much to his Ministers, he oft disguised himself and went into the City like an ordinary man under pretence of buying and selling, making it his business to discover whether false Weights and Measures were used; Going therefore one Evening out of his Palace in the habit of a Countryman, he went to a Bakers to buy a Man of Bread, and thence to a Cooks to buy a Man of Roast-meat, (a Man is six pound sixteen ounces to the pound) the King having bought his bargains returned to the Court, where he caused them to be weighed exactly, he found the Bread to want 57 Drams, and the Meat 43. Upon which he fell into a great rage against the Officers about him who ought to regulate such abuses, but especially against the Governor of the City, whose Belly he had caused to have been ripped up but for the intercession of certain Lords. Besides the reproaches he used toward them for their negligence, and little affection to the Public good, discoursing of the injustice of false Weights, and how sadly the cheat fell upon poor men, who having great Families, and thinking to give them eight hundred Drams of Bread, by that fraud deprived them of an hundred forty three, then turning to the Lords present, he demanded what sort of Justice ought to be done to those People, when none of them daring to open their mouths while he was in that Passion, he commanded a great Oven to be made in the Market place, together with a Spit big and long enough to Roast a Man, and that the Oven should be heated all night, and another Fire to be kindled near the Oven. The next Morning the King caused the Cook and Baker to be apprehened, and to be led quite through the City with two men going before them; who proclaimed to the People; We are going to put the Baker into a red hot Oven in the Piazza to be Baked alive for selling Bread by false Weights, and the Cook is to be Roasted alive for having sold Meat by false Weights. Thus these two men served for an Example not only to Ispahan but to all the Kingdom, where every one dreaded the severe Justice of Shakstone Abbas.  
Shakstone Abbas his Successor acted almost such another piece of severity, for having made one Jafer Can a generous Lord, who kept a magnificent Train, Governor of Asterabat; At first he was very mild, but at last he began to exact such sums from the People, that his violences reached the King's Ear, who being one day drinking with his Lords, and seeing the Master of his Music in the Room, who was a merry Droll, and had always some pleasant news to tell the King, he was pleased to ask him what the People said of Jafer-Kan, adding that he had made him Governor of divers Provinces, and had never heard any complaint of him, but now he was accused of strangely Tyrannising over the People. The Music Master being a mere Flatterer, and knowing that Jafer-Kan was extremely beloved of the King, confidently averred, that the Governor was falsely accused, and that he had always known him apt to give than receive. There was at the same time in the Room an Agis lately returned from a Pilgrimage at Mecca, him the King also asked what was his opinion of Jafer-Kan and his Government, being a Person long acquainted with him, to whom the Agis thinking to please the King, returned the same answer with the Music Master. Whereupon the King who had been well informed of the Khan's behaviour, turning toward the Lords present, What think you, said he, of these two Flatterers that absolutely know the contrary to what they speak. And at the same time commanded two of the Music Master's Teeth to be plucked out of his Mouth, and to be driven into the head of the Agis, which had like to have cost him his Life, being a very old man; As for Jafer-Kan he was disgraced for a time, but his excellent Accomplishments soon restored him again to favour.  
Murder is severely punished, nor will Money save the Criminal; When the Murderer is taken they carry him before the Magistrate who makes quick work, for he delivers him to the Parents or kindred of the Person slain who carry him to Execution, and without any Compassion torture him to death. I remember saith my Author, the Governor of Shiras had a Favourite, who falling in love with a young Persian Gentleman earnestly endeavoured to abuse his Body; One day meeting upon the Road together, and lying at night under the same Tent, the Favourite about Midnight came to his Bedside, and after many Solicitations would have forced him; But being violently resisted, the Favourite for Madness to find himself disappointed, and liable to be discovered, stabbed the young Gentleman to the heart, and fled to the Mountains. The Murder being divulged, the Mother, Widow, and Sister of the Young Man repaired to the Governor for Justice, who willing to save his Favourite offered them Money, which they with scorn refusing, & threatening to complain to the King, he was thereupon constrained to pursue his Favourite, at length he took & sent him to Ispahan saying, he would not judge of the Affair, but refer it to the K. The Mother, Widow, and Sister immediately followed the Murderer to Ispahan and demanded Justice of the King with that eagerness, that though the King had an inclination to save the Favourite for the Governor's Sake, he was forced to abandon him and bid them pay themselves with his blood. Immediately he was carried to Execution, where the Widow first stabbed him to the heart with a dagger, than the Mother took her turn, and after that the Sister, and then holding a Cup to receive his Blood, drank every one a Cup full to quench the thirst of their Revenge.  
Above all things extraordinary care is taken for securing the high ways, for which purpose Guards are set at convenient distances; As the Caravan was one day setting out from Tauris to Ispahan, a poor Fellow took an occasion to rob a Cloak-Bag, and fled cross the Fields not knowing the way, the Merchant missing his Goods complained to the Governor who having sought for him in vain, sent order to the Guards to search strictly for him, and send him as soon as seized. In a short time the Thief was constrained to forsake his Cloak-bag, and came cross the Fields for Water, who being seized was carried to the Governor, and soon convicted and condemned to Death, for Thiefs find no mercy in Persia; Only they are variously put to death, being sometimes tied to a Camel's tail by the feet, and their Bellies ripped open. Sometimes they are buried alive all but their Heads, and starved to Death, in which torment they will oft desire Passengers to cut off their Heads, though it be a kindness forbidden by the Law. But the most cruel punishment of all is, when they set the Thief on Horse back with his extended Arms fastened to a long stick behind; then larding him with lighted Candles, they suffer them to burn him to the very Bowels; We met two in this misery who desired us to hasten their Deaths, which we durst not do, only we gave them a Pipe of Tobacco according to their desire. One day there was a great Hubbub in a Bawdy-House where the Woman had prostituted her own Daughter, the King informed of it, commanded the Mother to be thrown Headlong from a Tower, and that the Daughter should be torn in Pieces by his Dogs, which he keeps on purpose for such Chastizements.  
Having given some Account of Persia let us next advance into the Dominions of the Great  and visit the Bay of Cambaia, and therein Swalley Rond, on the Banks whereof amongst many more English, lies interred the Body of Mr. Thomas Coryat, a man in his time sufficiently known; He formerly Writ a Book entitled Coriats' Crudities hastily Gobled up in five months' Travels in France, Savoy, Italy Rh●tia, Helvetia, or Switzerland some parts of High Germany, and the Netherlands, newly digested in the hungry Air of Odcomb in the County of Somerset, Printed in 1611. and then ushered into the World by very many Copies of Excellent Verses made by the Wits of those times, which did very much advantage and improve, if not enforce the Sale thereof, doing themselves much more honour than him whom they undertook to commend in their several Encomiastics, though he had not the apprehension to think so. I will give you a taste in a few short ones, whereby you may guests at the rest.  

I Sing the Man, I sing the Woeful Case  
The Shirt, the Shoes, the Shanks that served to trace  
Seven countries' wide, the greater was his pain  
That two to one he ever came again,  
Yet two for one he came; O Muse, O Maid  
(If Muse or Maid) say what hath so bewrayed  
This Silly Soul, and drove him to such labours  
As if his Hide were only made for Tabors  
Recount my Girl what he did with the French  
Before he courted the Venetian Wench  
At home much did he suffer, much abroad  
Yet never strove (poor Ass) to cast his load  
Yet on his parboiled Crudities behoof  
This will I say, It is a Book of proof  
Wherein himself appears, to all most plain  
No Fool in Print, nor yet a Knave in grain.   

ANOTHER.  
Some writ Lascivious Books, & others they writ Holy  
But Coryats' is a Pill against all Melancholy  
A worthy work that doth all other works outpace  
A Furlong at the least, thou needst not bate an ace  
A Book of price 'twill be if ever there were any  
A hundred Souses is thy due, thou shalt not bate a penny  
Thou tell'st of Mounts of Founts of Rocks of Stones  
Of Boots, of Whores, of Tombs, of dead men's bones,  
Of Bowers, of Towers, and many a stately Steeple  
Helvetians, Rhetians, and such uncouth people  
Nothing escapes thy Note, that's worth due observation  
The Gallows cannot pass thee, without just Salutation  
Speak thou O Clock of Strasburg, & Stones at Fontainbleiu  
If Coriat does forget and not your wonders show  
Weep Rhenish drops O Palsgraves' Tun, if thou be here forgotten  
No No, he hath thee hooped so well thy Ribs will ne'er be rotten  
Then launch thee forth (thou Man of might) when this thy work is done  
And prosecute thy great design as far as shines the Sun   

ANOTHER.  
OF all the Toms that ever yet were named  
Never was Tom, like to Tom Coriat famed  
Tom Thumb is dumb until the Pudding creep  
Wherein he was entombed then out doth peep,  
Tom Piper is gone out, and mirth bewails  
He never will come in to tell us tales  
Tom Fool may go to School but ne'er be taught  
Speak, Greek, with which our Tom his Tongue is fraught  
Tom Ass may pass, but for all his long ears  
He has no such rich Jewel as our Tom wears,  
Tom Tell troth is froth, and the truth to tell  
Of all Toms this Tom away bears the bell.   

Another.  
IF the Author had a painted Coat  
And Cap of Costly die  
And Comb of Cock for Crest thereon  
With Whetstone hanging by  
Then might he tell of Travellers  
And all the huffiing Train  
Who proudly prance on Ass' backs  
Twixt Italy and Spain  
For Thomas is by Travel tried  
And truth of him to tell  
There's few that Travel   
Return home half so well  
Then buy this Book ye Britain's bold,  
But read it at your leisure  
For It and He, and He and It  
Were made to show you pleasure   
If Coryat had lived he designed to have Writ his last Travels to, in and out of East-India, for he resolved like another Ulysses to have rambled up and down the World at least ten yers before his return home, purposing to see Tartary in all the vast parts thereof, with as much as he could of China and after that to have visited the Court of Prester John in Ethiopia, who is there called by his own people Ho Biot, The King, with many other places, which if he had lived to perform and publish, might have been of good use, since he was both a particular and faithful Relator of what he saw, ever disclaiming that bold Liberty which many Travellers assume in Speaking and Writing what they please of remote parts where they cannot be easily contradicted resolving.  
Not only things to do, but O'redo  
Speaking, Writing, all, and more too.  
Believing him therefore an honest Historian since he had not opportunity himself, I shall give some Account of his Footsteps and Flitting up and down, who while he lived was like a perpetual motion, & therefore dead ought not to be forgotten; In 1612. He shipped himself for Constantinople now called by the Turks Stambole, where he strictly observed all remarkables and found much respect and encouragement from St. Paul Pindar then Ambassador there, to whose House he had always free Access; Here he took opportunity to view several parts of Greece, and in the Hellespont took special notice of those two Castles directly opposite to each other called Sestos and Abydos that stand on the several Banks which bond that very narrow Sea, and is famous by the Story of Hero and Leander; He much desired to see those seven Churches of Asia, which lie now in ruins, only Smyrna is still famous for Trade but not Religion, and Ephesus, with some others, which retain their names still, though they have lost the profession of their Faith with the rest. He saw what yet remains of the Ruins of sometimes Great Troy, a place once so populons as if sown with people but now with standing Corn, the very ruins of which place are almost gone to ruin, there only remaining part of an exceeding great House, supposed part of the famous Palace of Great King Priam. From Smyrna he found Passage to Gran Cairo in Egypt anciently called Memphis where he observed the remains of the once famed Pyramids; Returning thence back to Alexandria with another Englishman, they passed by Sea to Joppa where they met some others going to Jerusalem, with whom joining, they traveled thither through a very Solitary, Rocky, uncomfortable way full of danger from the Wild Arabs, who Rob and abuse Travellers; Arriving at Jerusalem they saw and heard all wherewith Pilgrims are usually treated, of which you have a full Account in a small Book called Two Journeys to Jerusalem, etc. Here our Traveller had the Arms of Jerusalem made upon the wrist of his left Arm, and on his Right a single Cross made like that whereon our Saviour suffered on the sides of which were written, Via, Veritas, Vita, The way, Truth, and Life, and on the foot three Nails to signify those which fastened our Saviour to it, done so artificially and indelibly by a Black Powder as if drawn by some accurate Pencil upon Parchment. The poor man would much glory in beholding these Characters, applying the words of St. Paul to himself, I bear in my Body the Marks of the Lord Jesus, Gal. 6.17.  
Hence they went to the Dead, Sea, the River Jordan, Sidon, Alexandretta, Scanderoon and Al●ppo, where he was kindly received by the English Consul, staying some time there for the Caravan, which consists of a mixed multitude from divers parts who travel together to prevent the incursions of Theives and Murderers; With these setting forward they came to the City of Nineveh in Assyria, which in Jonahs' time was of three days Journey, but now so very mean and obscure, that Passengers cannot say, this is Nineveh, having lost its name and called now Mozel. From thence they journeyed to Babylon in Chaldea Scituate upon the River Euphrates, once for its magnitude called a Country, now much contracted, and named Bagdat; From hence they proceeded through both the Armenia's, where our Traveller was told, he saw that very mountain of Ararat whereon the Ark rested after Noah's Flood, they went thence to Ispahan in Persia, the usual residence of Shakstone Abbas, and after that to Shushan where King Ahasuerus kept his Court in esther's time, from thence they journeyed to Candahor the first Province North-East under the Great , and so to Lahore the second City of this Empire, a place of great Trade, Wealth and Delight, more temperate from the Sun's heat than any other of his great Cities; At length he arrived at Agra the Mogul's Metropolis, from Lahore to Agra is four hundred English Miles, the Country very rich, even, and pleasant, and the Road way on both sides all this long distance planted with great Trees, clothed all the year long with Leaves, of exceeding benefit to Travellers in that hot Clime, it is called by Travellers, The Long-Walk, very full of Villages and Towns convenient for the supply of Travellers.  
At Agra our Traveller made a halt being kindly entertained by the English Factory, and there learned the Turkish and Arabian Languages, with some proficiency in the Persian and Indostan Tongues, in both which he got so much knowledge as was very advantageous to him in his Travels through the Mogul's Territories, he always wearing the habit, and speaking the Language of that Nation; He afterward made an Oration to the Great  in the Persian Tongue, bringing in the Story of the Queen of Sheba. 1 Kings. 10. In which parts of the Sacred Scripture the Mahometans have some knowledge, and told the King that as the Queen of Sheba having heard of the Fame of King Solomon came from far to visit him, and confessed that she had not been told half of what she now saw concerning the Wisdom, Greatness, Retinue and Riches of Solomon, so said our Orator, I had heard much of your Majesty before I had the honour of your sight, when I was very far off in my own Country, but what I now behold exceedingly surmounts all the reports thereof. Then intermixing other flatteries with his short Speech, he concluded, and was very well liked by the , who gave him an hundred Roupies, about twelve pound ten Shillings in our money, looking on him as a Dervise Prophet, or Pilgrim as he called him, who in that Country value not money, which might be the reason he did not reward him more liberally. He after got a great mastery in the Indostan or Vulgar Language, and a Woman belonging to the English Ambassador there, having such freedom of Speech that she would scold and rail from Morning to Night, Coriat one day undertook her in her own Dialect, and by eight a Clock in the Morning so silenced her that she had not one word more to speak.  
At the four Corners of their Mosquets or Churches in this Country there are high, round, small Turrets, open with light every way wherein a man may be easily seen and heard, into the top of these their devout Moola's or Priests ascend five times every day whence they proclaim as loud as possible these Arabian words, La alla, illa, alla Mahomet Resul-alla, that is, There is no God but one God, and Mahomet the Messenger from God, this voice is instead of Bells, which they use not in their Churches, and puts the most devout in mind of their Religion; One time Tom Coryat hearing their Priest thus crying, got upon a high place directly opposite to him, and thus contradicted him, La alla illa alla, Hasaret Eesa Benalla, that is, No God but one God, and the Lord Christ the Son of God, and further added, That Mahomet was an Impostor; All this he uttered in their own Language as loud as possible in the Ears of many Mahometans present, but it may be questioned whether the judgement or discretion of our Pilgrim were more to be commended, for if this had been acted in many other places of Asia it would have cost him his Life with as much torture as cruelty could have invented, but being here taken for a madman he was let alone, and haply the rather since every one there has liberty to profess his own Religion freely, and if he please may argue against theirs without danger; As Tom Coryat did another time with a Moola; The question was which of them was the Musselman or true Believer; After much heat on both sides Coryat made this Learned distinction, That himself was the Orthodox Musselman or True True Believer, and the Priest the Pseudo Musselman, or False True Believer.  
He was a man of a very coveting Eye, who could never be satisfied with seeing, as Solomon speaks, and took as much pleasure therein as others in enjoying great and rare things; He had the mastery of many hard Languages, besides Greek and Latin which he brought from England, and had he had Wisdom to manage them as he had skill to speak them, he had deserved more Fame in his Generation, but his Attainments made him ignorant of himself, being so ambitious of praise that he would hear more than he could possibly deserve, being like a Ship with too much Sail, and too little Ballast, yet had he not fallen into the smart hands of the Wits of those times he might have passed better.  
On a time a Merchant who came from England met Tom Coryat as he was travelling toward. East India, and told him that when he was in England King James (then living) inquired after him, and when he had certified him of his meeting him, the King replied, Is that Fool yet living? Which when our Pilgrim heard, he was much concerned because the King spoke no more nor better of him, saying, that Kings would speak of poor men what they pleased; Another time the English Ambassador gave him a Letter (with a Bill to receive ten pound) to the Consul of Alappo, wherein were these words, Sir, when you shall hand these Letters, I desire you to receive the Bearer of them Mr. Thomas Coryat with Courtesy, for you shall find him a very honest poor Wretch, and further I must entreat you to furnish him with ten pounds which shall be repaid, etc. Our Pilgrim liked the gift well but the Language much displeased him, saying, That my Lord Ambassador had even spoiled his Courtesy in the carriage thereof, so that if he had been a very Fool indeed he could have said very little less of him than he did to call him honest poor Wretch, and to say no more of him was to say as much as nothing, and his favour does rather trouble than please me, when I was at Venice, said he, a Person of Honour wrote thus on my behalf to Sir Hen. Wotton then Ambassador there, My Lord good Wine needs no Bush, neither a worthy man Letters Commendatory, because whithersoever he goes he is his own Epistles, this, said he, was some Language on my behalf; At length his Letter was phrased to his mind, but he never lived to receive the money; A little before his death he seemed apprehensive thereof, for swooning away once, upon his recovery he declared the occasion was, for fear he should die in the way toward Surat whither he intended to go, and be buried in obscurity, and none of his Friends know what became of him, he travelling now as he usually did alone; Upon which the Ambassador willed him to stay longer, which he thankfully refused, and presently turned his Face for Surat, which was then about three hundred English Miles distant, and lived to come safe thither, where being over-kindly treated by some English who gave him Sack which they had brought from England, he calling for it as soon as he heard of it, and crying, Sack, Sack, is there such a thing as Sack, pray give me some Sack, and drinking of it, though not immoderately (being very temperate) it increased his Flux that he had then upon him, which caused him in a few days after his tedious and troublesome Travels (for he went most on foot) to come at this place to his Journeys end, for here he overtook death, Dec. 1617. and was buried at Swalley under a little Monument like those in our Churchyards.  
Now to return, Cambaia is three Miles from the River Indus and as many in compass, one of the neatest and best built Cities in all the East, so populous as judged to contain an hundred and thirty thousand Families. Swalley is more South and about a Mile from the Sea, but gives name to a darge capacious Bay where the Ships ride that trade to Surat; About ten Miles from this Bay is Surat, from whence the River is navigable only for Boats and Shallops, fortified with a Castle of Stone, and well stored with Ordnance. The Houses are for the most part built of Sun-dried Bricks very large and lasting, with flat roofs but battlemented on all sides for fear of falling, and beautified with curious Gardens of Pomegranates, Melons, Figs and Lemons, interlaced with Rivulets and Springs; It is a Factory for English Merchants, who have their Precedent, and a magnificent House for the reception, and Staple of their Commodities.  
The present Emperor or  is called Aurengzeb, having usurped the Kingdom from his Father Cha-jehan upon this occasion. This great King having reigned forty years with much Clemency and Justice, in his declining Age he fancied a Young Lady of extraordinary beauty not above thirteen years old, and because the strength of nature would not permit him to satisfy his passion, he took certain Provocatives which were so hot, that he fell thereupon into a distemper which had almost killed him. This obliged him to shut himself up in his Court or Apartment, together with his Women for two or three Months during which time he very seldom appeared to his people and that at a great distance too, which made them believe he was dead. He had six Children four Sons and two Daughters, whom he loved all alike, making his Sons Governors or Vice Roys of four of the principal Provinces in his Kingdom; During the false report of his death, the Eldest Son kept with him, but the other 3 immediately rebelled, & after many Skirmishes and much bloodshed Aurengzeb his third Son after the destruction of his three Brethren, caused himself to be declared King keeping his Father Prisoner; Some days before he ascended the Throne he sent to his Father for some of his Jewels, that he might appear before his people with the same magnificence his Predecessors had done, Cha-jehan taking this request of his Sons for an affront put upon him in Prison, fell into such a rage that he continued mad for some days, and had like to have died upon it; In the excess of this Vexation he called several times for a Mortar and Pestle, threatening to beat all his Jewels to Powder rather than his Son should have them, but Begum Saheb his Eldest daughter who never forsook him, throwing herself at his feet, and by virtue of that Criminal power she had over him as being both his Daughter and his Wife, kept him from using that extremity more out of design to preserve, the Jewels for herself than her Brother to whom she was always a Mortal Enemy; For this reason when Aurengzeb ascended the Throne he had only one Jewel on his Bonnet, and as a kind of Penance that he imposed upon himself for so many Crimes, he for some time would not eat wheaten bread, Flesh nor Fish, but fed daily upon Barley Bread, Herbs and Sweat Meats; But Chajehan his Father dying in 1666. Aurengzeb found himself rid of an object that every hour reproached his Tyranny, and began to enjoy himself with more delight, receiving his Sister Begum into favour, and calling her Cha Begum or Princeess Queen, a Woman of excellent accomplishments, and able to govern an Empire, and had her Father and Brothers taken her Counsel at the beginning of the War Aurengzeb had never been King; He had another Sister called Rauchenara Begum who had always taken his part having sent him all the Gold and Silver she could procure when she first heard he had taken Arms, in recompense whereof he promised her when he came to be King to give her the Title of Cha Begum, and that she should sit upon a Throne, all which he performed, and they lived lovingly together, till it happened that the Princess having secretly conveyed a handsome young man into her Apartment could not let him out so privately, after she had quite tired him, but the King had notice thereof; Thereupon the Princess to prevent the shame and reproach ran to the King, and in a pretended fright told him, there was a man got into the Haram even to her very Chamber who certainly designed either to have killed or Robbed her, that such an accident was never before known, and that it concerned the safety of his Royal Person, and he would therefore do well to punish the Eunuches who kept the Guard that night. The King ran instantly in Person with a great number of Eunuches, so that the poor Young Man had no way to escape but by leaping out at a Window into the River that runs by the Palace Walls, whereupon a multitude of people ran out to seize him, the Kieg commanding they should do him no harm, but to carry him to the Officer of Justice, yet he happily made his escape, and has not been since heard of.  
It is an Ancient custom among the Indians that the Husband happening to die the wife can never marry again, so that when he is dead, she retires to bewail him, shaves her hair, and lays aside all her ornaments, taking off from her Arms and Legs the Bracelets her Husband put on when he espoused her in token of her submission, and her being chained to him, and all her life after she lives slighted and despised, yea worse than a Slave in the House where she was formerly Mistress. This unfortunate conditon causes them to hate life and rather die with their Husbands than live in such Contempt, the Bramins or Priests likewise persuading them, that after death they shall meet him again in the other World with greater honour and advantage; Yet can no Woman burn with her Husband's Body without leave from the Governor of the Place, who being a Mehometan and abhoring this execrable custom of self Murder does often deny it to some Women, who are so offended there at that they spend the rest of their lives, in works of Charity, some sit on the Road Boiling certain Pulse in Water and giving the Liquor to Travellers to drink, others hold Fire ready in their hands to light their Tobacco, others make vows to eat nothing but the undigested grains, which they find in Cowdung. But when the Governor finds no persuasions will alter the Woman's resolutions, and especially if he perceives by a sign from his Secretary that she has given him Money to that purpose, he in a surly manner gives her leave, bidding the Devil take her, and all her kindred; Immediately the Music strikes up, and away they go to the House of the deceased with Drums beating and Flutes playing before them, in which manner they accompany the Person who is to be burnt to the place appointed; All her kindred and Friends come and congratulate her for the happiness she is to enjoy in the other World, and the honour their Family receives by this her generous resolution, she than dresses herself as if going to be Married and is conducted in Triumph to the place of Execution, with aloud noise of Musical Instruments and women's voices who follow her, singing Songs in honour of the miserable creature that is going to die, the Bramins who accompany her, exhort her to courage and constancy, and many of our European Spectators are of opinion, that these Priests give her some stupifying Liquor to take away the fear of Death, for it is their interest that these miserable wretches should destroy themselves, their Bracelets as well about their Legs as Arms, Pendants, Rings, and Jewels all belonging to them who rake for them among the ashes when she is burnt; They burn them several ways, sometimes a little Hut of Reeds is erected on the bank of a Pond or River, besmeared with Oil and other Drugs to increase the flame. The Woman is placed in the middle in a leaning posture with her head on a kind of Wooden Bolster, and resting her back against a Pillar, to which the Bramin ties her about the middle, lest she should run away upon feeling the Fire, in this posture she holds the Body of her deceased Husband upon her knees, chewing Betele all the while, and when she has continued thus about half an hour, the Bramin goes out and the Woman bids them fire the Hut, which is quickly done, her Rindred and Friends throwing several Pots of Oil into it, the sooner to dispatch her. In some places they only build up a Pile of Wood upon which the Woman is placed as on a Bed, with her Husband's Body laid cross her, than some bring her a Letter, others a piece of Calico, another pieces of Silver or Copper desiring her to deliver them to their Mother, Brother, Kinsman, or Friend in the other World, when she has received all, she puts them between her Husband's Body and her own tied up in a piece of Taffeta, and then calls to kindle the Pile wherewith she is soon stifled, but there being scarcity of Wood in Bengale, the bodies of these poor wretches are many times only grilliaded and then cast into the River Ganges to be devoured by Crocodiles.  
The magnanimity of many of these Women is admirable; The Raja of Velou having lost his City and his life in a Battle against the King of Visapours General, he was extremely lamented, and eleven of his Wives no less concerned, who resolved to be burnt at his Funeral, which the General understanding, endeavoured to divert them by all kind usage, but finding persuasions in vain he ordered them to be shut up in a Room; He who had this command going to execute it, the Women in a rage told him, That 'twas to no purpose to keep them Prisoners, for if they might not have leave to do what they had resolved, in three hours there would not one of them be alive. The Person entrusted laughed at this Menace but the keeper of those Women opening the Doors 3 hours after found them all stretched out dead up the place, without the lest Mark or sign of any outward violence offered to them. Two of the greatest Lords of India came in 1642. to do Homage to Cha-jehan, who having offended the Grand Master of the Household, he told one of them one day in the King's presence. That they had not behaved themselves as became them toward so great a Monarch. The Raja, or Lord looking on himself as a great Prince, he and his Brother having brought with them a Train of sixteen thousand Horse, being nettled at this bold reproof of the Grand Master, drew out his dagger and slew him on the place before the King; The Grand Master falling at the feet of his own Brother who stood just by him, he was going to revenge his Death, but was prevented by the rajas Brother who stabbed him likewise, & laid him athwart his Brother's Body; The King seeing these 2 Murders retired into his Apartment for fear, but the Nobles and people presently fell upon the rajas and cut them to pieces; The King incensed at such an attempt committed in his house and presence, commanded the bodies of the rajas to be thrown into the River, which their Troops that they had left about Agria understanding threatened to enter the City and Pillage it, whereupon the King was advised for preventing the hazard to deliver them the bodies of their Princes. When they were to be burned thirteen Women belonging to the two rajas Houses came dancing and leaping, and presently got upon the Funeral Pile holding one another by the hands, and being soon after stifled by the Smoke, fell together into the Fire, presently the Bramins threw in great heaps of Wood, Pots of Oil, and other combustible matter to dispatch them. When I was at Patna, saith my Author, a very handsome young Woman of about two and twenty came to desire leave of the Governor to be burnt with the Body of her dead Husband; The Governor compassionating her Youth and Beauty, strove to dissuade her, but finding her resolute, he severely asked her, whether she understood what the Torment of Fire was, and whether she had ever burnt her Fingers? No, No, answered she more stoutly than before, I do not fear fire, and 〈◊〉 let you know as much send for a lighted Torch hither. The Governor abominating her answer in great passion bid her go to the Devil. Some young Lords present desired the Governor to call for a Torch and try her, which with much ado he did, as soon as the Woman saw it coming she ran to meet it, and held her hand in the Flame without the least altering her counterance, searing her Arm up to the very Elbow, that her Flesh looked as if broiled, whereupon the Governor commanded her out of his sight.  
The Government of the Great  is as Arbitrary and Tyrannical as his Neighbours aforementioned, measuring his power by his Sword and Lance, and making his will his Law, there being no Laws upon Record in this Constitution to regulate Governors in the administration of Justice but what are written in the Breasts of the King and his Substitutes, and therefore they often take the Liberty to punish the offender rather than the offence, men's persons more than their Crimes, though they still pretend to proceed by proofs and not presumptions. In matters of consequence the  himself will sit as Judge, and no Malefactors lie above one night in Prison and many times not at all, for if the Offender be apprehended early in the morning, he is instantly brought before the Judge, by whom he is presently either acquitted or condemned, if it be Whipping, that is executed usually with much severity in the place of Justice; If condemned to die he is presently carried from Sentence to Execution, commonly in the Marketplace, which quick Judgement keeps the People in such awe, that there are not many Execution. Murder and Theft they punish with death of what kind the Judge please to impose, some Malefactors being hanged, others beheaded, some impaled or put upon sharp Stakes, a death of extreme cruelty and torture, some are torn to pieces by wild Beasts, some killed by Elephants, and others Stung to death by Serpents. Those that suffer by Elephants, who are trained up for Executions, are thus dealt withal; If the Beast be commanded by his Rider to dispatch the poor trembling Offender presently, who lies prostrate before him, he with his broad round Foot at one stamp kills him, but if he be condemned so to die as to feel himself die, the Elephant will break his Bones by degrees with his hard trunk, as first his Legs, than his Thighs, after that the Bones in both his Arms, this done his wretched Spirit is left to breathe its last out of the midst of those broken Bones.  
It is reported that strange kinds of deaths are executed by the command of the King of Japan upon his Subjects, where some are Crucified or Nailed to a Cross, others rather Roasted than burnt to death, for there is a Stake set up; and a Fire made at a distance round about it, the condemned Person being naked is so fastened to the Stake that he may move round about it, and so doth as long as he is able to stir till his Flesh gins to blister; Then he falls down, and there lies roaring till the Fire made about him puts him to silence, by taking away both his Voice and Life; The reason they give for using such exquisite torments is because they count it dishonourable for any man to die by an Executioner, and therefore Criminals are usually commanded to rip up their own Bellies, and those who will not do so are tormented in dying, hence these Condemned Persons call for their Friends about them, cat and seem to be merry with them, and in the close of the Banquet, they in their presence commit this sad slaughter upon themselves, for being stripped to the middle, the wretched self-murtherer strikes a sharp Knife into the bottom of his Belly, then rips himself up, and if after this he can wipe his bloody Knife upon a white Paper or Napkin laid by him, he is reckoned to die with much honour, and is persuaded he goes to Fakaman, or the God of War.  
When I was in India, saith my Author, one was sentenced by the  himself for killing his own Father to die thus, first a small Iron Chain was fastened to his Heels, which was tied to the hind Leg of a great Eel phant, who dragged him one whole remove of that King being about ten miles, so that all his Flesh was torn off his Bones when we met him, and appeared to us rather a Skeleton than a Body. Another having killed his own Mother, the Emperor was at a stand to think of a punishment adequate to so horrible a crime, but after a little pause, he adjudged him to be stung to death by Serpents, accordingly one of those Mountebanks who keep them to show tricks to the people, brought two Serpents to do Execution upon this wretched man whom he sound all naked, only a little covering before, and trembling. Then having angered these venomous Creatures, he put one of them to his Thigh, which presently twined itself about that part till it came near his Groin, and there bitten him till Blood followed; The other was fastened to the outside of the other Thigh twisting it round, and there bitten him likewise; Notwithstanding the Wretch kept upon his Feet near a quarter of an hour, before which the Serpents were taken from him, but he complained extremely of a Fire that with much torment had possessed all his Limbs, and his whole Body began to swell exceedingly, like Nafidius bit by a Lybyan Serpent called a Prester, about half an hour after, the Soul of that unnatural Monster left his groaning Carcase, and went to his place.  
It happened a few years before Sir Thomas Row was Ambassador in this Court in 1618. that a Juggler of Bengala, a place famous for Witches, brought an Ape before the , who loved Novelties, that did many strange feats, the King to try his skill plucked a Ring off his Finger, and gave it one of his Boys to hid, whom the Ape presently discovered; several other trials he made, wherein the Ape did his part to admiration; Before he was taken out of his presence, this strange and unexpected fancy came into the King's Head; There are many disputes, said he; about that true Prophet which should come into the World, we are for Mahomet; The Persians magnify Mortis Ally, the Hindoos or Heathens extol Bramon, Ram, and others, the Jews are for Moses, and the Christians for Christ; adding several other names, to the number of twelve in all, who have all their several followers in that part of the World; He than caused them twelve names to be written on twelve several Scrolls, and put together to see if the Ape could draw out the name of the true Prophet, this done the Ape put his paw amongst them and pulled out the name of Christ; The  a second time caused these twelve names to be writ again in twelve other Scrolls and Characters, and put together, when the Ape again plucked forth the name of Christ as before; Mabomet Chan a great Favourite present, said it was an Imposture of the Christians, though none were then there, and desired he might make a third trial, which granted he put but eleven of those names together, reserving the name of Christ in his hand, the Ape searching as before plucked forth his empty paw, and so twice or thrice together the King demanding a reason for this, was answered, that happily the thing he looked for was not there, the Ape was bid search for it, who putting out those eleven names one after the other in a seeming indignation rend them, then running to Mahobet Chan caught him by the hand where the name of Christ was concealed, which he opened, and held up to the King, but did not tear it as the former. Upon which the  took the Ape, and gave his Keeper a good Pension to keep him near about him, calling him the Divining Ape. And this was all which followed upon this admirable event, except the great wonder and amazement of the people, the truth whereof, saith my Author, I most certainly believe, as being confirmed to me by several Persons of different Religions, who all agreed in the story and the several circumstances thereof.  
I cannot but here relate a remarkable example of a very gross Flatterer, but a great Favourite of this King, who was noted above others of that Nation to be a great neglecter of God, believing it Religion enough to please the  his Master, though a Soldier of approved valour. This man on a time sitting in dalliance with one of his Women, she plucked an hair from his Breast about his Nipple in wantonness, without designing any hurt. This little inconsiderable wound by an unparallelled fate became the occasion of his death, beginning presently to fester, and in a short time turned to an incurable Canker; When he found he must needs die, he spoke these notable words worthy to be recorded, Who would not have thought but that I who have been so long a Soldier should have died in the face of an Enemy, either by a Sword, Lance, Arrow, Bullet, or some such Instrument of death? But now though too late I am forced to confess that there is a great God above, whose Majesty I have ever despised, who needs no bigger Lance than an hair to kill an Atheist or a despiser of his Divinity; and so desiring these his last words might be told the King his Master, he died.  
The than Mogol sent a Letter to our King James the first in the Persian Language, which is here faithfully translated to show the manner and stile of the writing of that Court.  
Unto a King rightly descended from his Ancestors, bred in Military Affairs, clothed with honour and Justice, a Commander worthy of all command, strong and constant in the Religion which the great Prophet Christ did teach King James; Whose love hath bred such an Impression in my thoughts as shall never be forgotten, but as the smell of Amber, or as a Garden of fragrant Flowers, whose beauty and odor is still incereasing; so be assured my love shall still grow and increase with yours. The Letters you sent me in the behalf of your Merchants I have received, whereby I rest satisfied of your tender love toward me, desiring you not to take it ill that I have not writ to you heretofore; This present Letter I send to you to renew our loves, and herewith do certify you that I have sent forth my Firmans or Proclamations throughout all my Countries to this effect, that if any English Ships or Merchants shall arrive to any of my Ports, my People shall permit and suffer them to do what they please freely in their M●chandizing causes, aiding and assisting them in all occasions of injuries that shall be offered them, that the least cause of discourtesy be not done unto them, that they may he as free or freer than my own people. And as now and formerly I have received from you divers tokens of your love, so I shall still desire your mindfulness of me by some novelties from your Countries, as an argument of Friendship betwixt us, for such is the Custom of Princes here; And for your Merchants I have given express Order through all my Dominions to suffer them to buy, sell, transport, and carry away at their pleasure, without the let or hindrance of any Person whatsoever, all such Goods and Merchandizes as they shall desire to buy, and let this my Letter as fully satisfy you in desired Peace and Love, as if my own Son had been Messenger to confirm the same. And if any in my Countries not fearing God, nor obeying their King or any other void of Religion should endeavour to be an instrument to break this League off Friendship, I would send my Son Sultan Caroom, a Soldier approved in the Wars to cut him off, that no obstacle may hinder the continuance and increase of our Affections.  
Some years after the Great  sent two other Letters to the same King, one beginning thus, When your Majesty shall open this Letter, let your Royal Heart be as fresh as a small Garden, let all people make Reverence at your Gate. Let your Throne be advanced higher. Amongst the greatness of the Kings of the Prophet Jesus let your Majesty be the greatest; And all Monarches derive their Wisdom and Counsel from your Breast as from a Fountain, that the Law of the Majesty of Jesus my revive and flourish under your protection. The second Letter ran thus, How gracious is your Majesty whose greatness God preserve. As upon a Rose in a Garden so are mine Eyes fixed upon you, God maintain your Estate that your Monarchy may prosper and be augmented; and that you may obtain all your desires, worthy the greatness of your Renown, and as the Heart is Noble and Upright so let God give you a glorious Reign, because you strongly defend the Law of the Majesty of Jesus which God made yet more flourishing, because it was confirmed by Miracles, etc. What followed was to testify his care of and love to the English. All these Letters were writ in the Persian Tongue, the Court Language there, and Copies sent to the Ambassador Sir Thomas Row to get them translated. The Originals rolled up somewhat long were covered with Cloth of Gold sealed up on both ends, according to the fashion of that Country; wherein we may observe how respectively the King speaks of our Blessed Saviour Christ Jesus; But having already over enlarged concerning this mighty Empire, we will take our leave of the Great , who is a Prince of much Wealth and Power having vast multitudes of Soldiers in constant pay, and in his ordinary removes which is not usually above ten mile at once, hath such an infinite number of men and other Creatures attending him whose drink is water, that in a little time, as it was said of the mighty Host of Semacherib they are able to drink up Rivers.  
The Honourable East-India Company settled Factories likewise at Mastipatan, Armagon, Petipoly, Patania, Siam, Fort St. George and other places on the Coast of Cormandel, and the Continent of Asia; Mastipatan is a great City the Houses whereof are only wood, built, at a distance from each other, it stands by the Sea, and is a famous Road for Ships, from whence they Sail to Pegu, Siam, Ormus Sumatra and other places. Patania is a City South from Siam, and was governed many years by a Queen. In 1612. some English came hither with a Letter from Queen Elizabeth, and a Present from the Merchants of six hundred Rials of Eight, the Letter was delivered in great State being laid in a Basin of Gold carried on an Elephant adorned with little Flags, Lances and Minstrels, they then obtained a Grant to Trade upon the same conditions with the Hollanders. Siam is a Kingdom, the greatest part whereof lies between the Gulf of Siam and Bengal; The Country is very plentiful in Rice and Fruits, the Forest's full of Hearts, Elephants, Tigers, Rhinocero's and Ape's, where also grow abundance of large Bamboo Canes, under the Knots of these Bamboos are Emmets Nests as big as a man's Head, which they make there to preserve themselves from the Rain that continues four or five months together; The King of Siam is accounted one of the richest Monarches upon Earth, and styles himself, King of Heaven and Earth, though he be Tributary to the Kings of China, there are Idols in his Temples seven Foot high all of massy Gold, when the King appears all the Doors and Windows of the Houses must be shut, all the People prostrating themselves on the ground not daring to look up, and because no Person is to be in an higher place than the King, they that are within Doors are bound to keep their lowest Rooms; He suffers no Barber to come near him, one of his Wives cutting his Hair for him; One part of his magnificence consists in his train of two hundred Elephants, among which there is one that is White which he values so highly as to style himself King of the White Elephant; He has a passionate kindness for them, accounting them his Favourites and the Ornaments of his Kingdom, if any of them fall sick and die they are buried with the same Funeral pomp as the Nobles of the Kingdom.  
At the Fort St. George an English Factory on the Coast of Cormandel Nou. 3. 1684. About nine at night happened a violent storm which continued till two next morning. It untiled all the Houses in the Town with such a rattling terrible noise as if some thousands of Granades had been thrown on them and laid all their Gardens, of which they have many pleasant ones, as flat and level as the smoothest Bowling Greene's; Trees of a great and prodigious growth, some perhaps as ancient as the World, were violently torn up by the Roots, and their aged Trunks riven in pieces, the noise of the cracking and breaking of their Boughs and Branches seemed almost equal to that of the Tempest, but what was most surprising was that a strong Iron-Bar which belonged to a Window was with the extreme Force of the Wind snapped into three pieces; Had this Hurricane continued two or three hours longer, it would certainly have levelled both the Fort and Town, though strongly built and well fortified.  
Sumatra is accounted one of the greatest Eastern Islands, in length about seven hundred, and in breadth above two hundred Miles, where several English Factories were settled. Our English had first Trade here in the latter end of Queen Elizabeth, whose name was then famous in those parts for her exploits against the Spaniards. The Queen's Letters to this King were received with much Pomp, the King entertained the Messenger with a Banquet, presented him with a Robe, and a piece of Callicoe wrought with Gold, and gave his Passport for the General's security, for whom he sent six Elephants, with Drums, Trumpets, Steamers and many Attendants; The chief Elephant was about thirteen or fourteen Foot high having a small Castle like a Coach, covered with Velvet on his back, in the midst whereof was a great Basin of Gold with a rich Covering of Silk, wherein the Letter was put; The General was mounted on another Elepant, and being arrived the Dishes wherein he was treated were of Gold, their Wine is of Rice, wherein the King drank to the General out of his Gallery, about four Foot higher than where he sat, it was as strong as Aqua Vitae; After the Feast some young Women danced and played on the Music, the King sent a Letter and a Present to the Queen, and upon parting asked if they had the Psalms of David, and caused them to sing one, which he and his Nobles seconded with a Psalm (as he said) for their Prosperity.  
In 1613 Captain Best Anchored in the Road at Achin, and was kindly received, having an Araacia or Messenger sent riding in a Tent on an Elephants back, attended with two or three of the King's Boys, (for he is attended by Boys abroad and Women within) to receive his Majesty's Letter which was thus carried in a Basin of Gold, the General following with forty or fifty men; After the Letter and Present was delivered, the King told them they should see some of his pastime, which was first , next that of Rams, than his tame Elephants, after them his Buffoloes each still exceeding the other in fierceness, lastly the Antelopes' which the General had given him; All this while the King took Tobacco in a Silver Pipe given him by his Women, who stood in a close Room behind him. Then was Supper served in by Boys of about fourteen, in in a Metal of Gold and Copper mixed, continuing from seven a Clock to almost twelve in which were served in four hundred Dishes, beside hot Drinks; Next day the King sent the General an Elephant to ride on which none may do without his leave, and appointed one of his Chief Officers constantly to attend him, and free access was granted him at all times, and the Articles agreed on between James Lancaster and his Predecessor were promised to be ratified, May. 2. All strangers were invited to a Feast kept at the Spring of a River in the Water, six miles from the City, two Elephants were sent for the General, the dishes were served in by Boys, swimming with one hand and holding the Dish, or strong Drink in the other; Of all these drinks they must taste, and then throw the rest into the Water; This continued from one till five, they had 500 Dishes well dressed; General Best weary of sitting so long in the Water had leave to departed an hour before the rest; The Captain of the Dutch got his Bane either by the hot Drinks or cold sitting so long in the Water, and soon after died. The King gave the General a new Title, calling and charging his Nobles to call him Arancaia Pule that is, The honourable White Man; June 2. They were entertained with a fight of four Elephants and a Tiger who was fastened to a Stake, and yet got such hold on the Legs and Trunks of the Elephants that he made them roar and bleed extremely. Sometimes Wild Elephants fight before him who would soon kill each other but that tame ones are fastened to them who draw them back, fourscore or an hundred men helping them; To tame them they place a Wild one between two that are tame.  
This King sent a Present and Letter to our King James the first, the Letter was written and painted very curiously, and being translated runs thus,  
Pedrucka Sirie Sultan, King of Kings, renowned for his Wars, and sole King of Sumatra and a King more reverenced than his Predecessors; Feared in his Kingdom and Honoured of all Neighbouring Nations in whom there is the true Image of a King in whom Reigns the true Method of Government, form as it were of the most pure Metal, and adorned with the most fine Colours, whose seat is high and most complete like to a Crystal River, pure and clear as the choicest Glass from whom floweth the pure stream of Bounty and Justice, whose presence is as the finest Gold, King of Priaman, and of the Mountain of Gold, that is Solida, and Lord of nine sorts of Stones, king of two Sumbreroes of beaten Gold, having for his seats Mats of Gold: His furniture for his Horses, and Armour for himself being likewise of pure Gold; His Elephant with Teeth of Gold, and all Provisions thereunto belonging; His Lances half Gold, half Silver, his small shot of the same, a saddle also for another Elephant of the same Metal; A Tent of Silver; And all his seats half Gold, half Silver; His Sepulchre of Gold (whereas, his Predecessors had all these half Gold half Silver) His Services complete of Gold and Silver; A King under whom there are many Kings, having taken Oath King of Aurow; All the Country of Priaman; Tecoo, Barouse being subdued by him, is now under his command; Seventy Elephants and much Provisions carried by Sea to make his Wars in Aurow, where God gave me greater Victories than any of my Predecessors; This great King sendeth this Letter of Salutation to James King of Great Britain, that is, England, Scotland, France and Ireland,  
to signify the great content. He hath received by his Highness' Letter delivered by the hands of Arancaja Pule, Thomas Best, His Majesty's Ambassador, at the receipt whereof his Eyes were surprised with a Celestial brightness, and his Spirits ravished with a Divine Joy; The opening thereof rendered a savour more fragrant than the most odoriferous Flowers or sweetest Perfumes in the World; For which cause I the Great King of Sumatra do profess myself to be of one Heart, one Mind, and of one Flesh with the most Potent Prince James King of England, and do earnestly desire that the League begun may be continued to all Posterities; And herein I reckon my greatest Felicity, there being nothing in the World more pleasant or delightful to me, and for a Testimony that the Friendship begun may be preserved betwixt us, I have returned this Letter to your Majesty, making also my Prayers to the great God to continue the same, and shall count it my greatest Honour to receive a Memorial from so Mighty a Potentate, and so remote a Nation, and for an assurance of my Love and Honour, and the continuance of our League I send your Majesty a Creese (or Dagger) wrought with Gold, the Hilt thereof being beaten Gold, with a Ring of Stones, an Assagaya of Swasse, half Copper, half Gold, eight Purslain Dishes small and great of Camphire, one piece of Sowering Stuff, three pieces of Calico Lawn; Which your Majesty accepting as from a Brother, I shall rest satisfied and much honoured; And so with my Prayers to the great God, Creator of Heaven and Earth for your Majesty's long life, with Victory over your Enemies and Prosperity in your Land I conclude.  
Given at our Palace at Achilles the 1022. year of Mahomet by Accounts of the Moors.  
This Letter for the strange boasting form, and because it contains a small Inventory of that King's wealth is here inserted; This King was a stout proper man of about thirty two, strong by Sea and Land, his Country populous, his Elephants many, the English having there seen near two hundred at a time; His Frigates and Galleys carried good Ordnance of all kinds; His building stately, and spacious but not strong; His Court at Achilles pleasant, having a fine River which he cut and brought eight Miles in twenty days while they were there; He desired the General to present his Respects to the King of England and to entreat him to send him two White Women; For, said he, if I get one of them with Child and it prove a Son I will make him K. of Piaman Passaman and of the Coast from whence you fetch your Pepper, so that you shall not need to come any more to me, but to your own English King for those Commodities. He was cruel having plucked out the Eyes of a Nobleman for looking on one of the King's Women washing in a River; Another wearing a Shash or Turban beyond his degree, had his head cut round, so far as that was two large; Some he boiled in scalding Oil, others were sawn asunder, Spitted alive, had their Legs cut off, or were otherwise tortured. The People are tawny and go naked, yet paint their faces, their Priests in their Sacrifices wear their Garments so close as if they were sowed to them with horns on their head turning back, and a Tail hanging down behind, for so they say the Devil appears to them, their Hair and Faces appear deformed with Green, Black and Yellow Colours.  
Another considerable English Factory is at Bantam and other places on the Isle of Java Major, this is the chief City in the whole Island, situate at the foot of a Mountain, whence issue three Rivers, two whereof run by the Walls, and the other through the midst of the City, yet none of them deep enough to admit of any Ships, the Houses are very mean, consisting of three chief Streets; The Natives are Heathens, and believe when they die their Souls enter into some Bird, Beast or Fish, and therefore they eat neither Flesh nor Fish, yet toward the South are many who profess the Turkish Religion, and some of them called Faquirs are desperate Villains, who having been at Mecca to visit Mahomet's Tomb, upon their return they run through the Streets and kill all they meet with their poisoned Daggers, and think that in so doing they do God and Mahomet good service and shall be saved thereby; If any of these Madmen are killed their Followers bury them as Saints, and every one contributes toward erecting them a fair Tomb, which they visit, and bestow Alms upon the Keeper thereof. I remember saith my Author, that in 1642. a Vessel of the Great Mogul's returned from Mecca to Surat with a great number of these Faquirs or Derviches, and one of them was no sooner landed and had said his Prayers, but he instantly took his Dagger and ran among several Dutch Mariners who were unlading goods upon the Shore, and before they were ware this desperate Wretch had wounded seventeen of them whereof thirteen died, at length the Sentinel who stood at the entry of the Tent where the Governor and Merchants were, shot him through the Body so that he fell down dead; Immediately all the other Faquirs and Mahometans who were upon the place took up the Body and buried it, and at the end of fifteen days they had erected him a fair Monument; Every year the English and Hollanders plucked it down, but when they are gone the Faquirs rebuild it, and plant Banners over it, nay some perform their Devotions at it; One time, saith my Author, my Brother and I, and a Dutch Chirurgeon were going along a narrow way, having the Pales of a Garden on one hand, and a River on the other, behind the Pales one of these Rascaly Bantamers had hid himself, and thrust his Pike between the Pales thniking to have stabbed it into one of our Breasts, the Dutch man being somewhat before, the head of the Pike ran into his Breeches, whereupon we both laid hold on the Staff, but my Brother being next the Pales presently leaped over and ran the Faquir through; Whereupon several Chineses and other Idolaters came and gave my Brother thanks for killing him; After which we waited on the King, and told him what my Brother had done, who was so far from being displeased that he gave him a Girdle, for the King and his Governors are glad when those Rogues are slain, counting them Desperados, and not fit to live.  
In 1682. The Eldest Son of the King of Bantam made an Insurrection, declared himself King, and by the assistance of the Dutch took the City of Bantam and the English Factory there, proclaiming the old King his Father a Rebel against him. About the same time an Ambassador came from the old King to his late Majesty King Charles the second of Blessed Memory, by whom he was received and entertained with all manner of kindness and civility, and having continued here for some time he returned again to his own Country.  
At Socodona and Beniermasa in the Isle of Borneo the English settled other Factories; It is accounted as big as Spain, richly encompassed with other smaller Islands, and hath a City of the same name founded on Piles in the Salt Water, with Sumptuous buildings of Stone covered with Coco leaves. The people are generally more white than the rest of the Indians, of good Wits and approved Integrity, divided betwixt two Kings and two Religions, the King of Borneo and his Wife being Mahumetans, those of Laus still remaining in their Ancient Gentelism; These believe the Sun and Moon are Man and Wife, and the Stars their Children, ascribing to each of them Divine Honours, and to the Sun especially, whom they salute at his first rising with great reverence, repeating certain verses; Their public business is usually treated in the Night at which time the Councillors of State meet and ascend some Tree, viewing the Heavens till the Moon rise, & then go to the Senate house Their Apparel is very thin by reason of the extreme heat of the Air, being only a Shirt of Silk or Calico which they wear more for modesty than warmth.  
One of the Isles of Celebs' is called Macassar where the English likewise settled a Factory, being 600 miles from East to West, plentiful of all necessaries for the use of man, in some parts overgrown with Wood, in which certain fiery Flies make nightly such shining light as if every Twig or Bough were a burning Candle, in the midst are very high Mountains, out of which flow many Navigable Rivers. The Islanders have a Custom to Poison their Arrows, and the most dangerous Poison they use is the juice of certain Trees in the Island of Borneo, which they will temper so as to work a swift or slow death at pleasure. They think the King has only the secret Receipt to take away the force of it, who boasts that he has the most effectual Poison in the World, which there is no Remedy can prevent. One time an Englishman in heat of Blood had killed one of the King of Macassers Subjects, and though the King had pardoned him, yet both English, Hollanders and Portugals, fearing if the Englishman should go unpunished the Islanders would revenge it upon some of them, besought the King to put him to death, which with much ado being granted, the King unwilling to put him to a lingting death, and desirous to show the effect of his Poison resolved to dispatch the Criminal himself, whereupon he took a long Trunk, and shot him exactly in the great Toe of the right Foot, the place he particularly aimed at; Two Surgeons one an Englishman the other an Hollander provided on purpose, immediately cut off his Toe, but for all that the Poison had dispersed itself so speedily that the Englishman died presently; All the Kings and Princes of the East are very diligent in enquiring after strong Poisons, and some Europeans having tried several of their Arrows by shooting at Squirrels, observed they fell down dead as soon as they were touched.  
These are the principal Acquisitions of the English in these remote parts of the World, little or nothing more being to be said of the rest which are not very considerable, and some of them since quitted by the Honourable East-India Company; Having therefore completed my usual scantling, I shall here conclude.   
FINIS.   

Licenced, Nou. 19 1685. Ro. L'Estrange.   

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XIII. THE Young Man's Calling, or the whole Duty of Youth, in a serious and compassionate Address to all young persons to remember their Creator in in the days of their Youth. Together with Remarks upon the Lives of several excellent Young persons of both Sexes, as well ancient as modern, who have been famous for Virtue & Piety in their Generations; namely, on the Lives of Isaac and Joseph in their Youth. On the Martyrdom of the seven Sons and their Mother; Of Romanus a young Nobleman, and of divers holy Virgins and Martyrs. On the Lives of K. Edward 6. Q. Jane, Q. Elizabeth in her Youth, P. Henry  Son to K. James, and the young L. Harrington, etc. with 12 curious Pictures illustrating the several Histories. Price Eighteen Pence.  
XIV. A Guide to Eternal Glory: Or, Brief Directions to all Christians how to attain to Everlasting Salvation: To which are added several other small Tracts, As, 1. A short Directory for Self-Examination. 2. A brief Dialogue between a Learned Divine and a Beggar. 3. Cordial Meditations Or Beams of the Spirit, Enlivening, Enlightening, and Gladding the Soul. Lastly, Divine Hymns upon the Lord's Supper; with some others, Price Six Pence.  
XV. EXcellent Contemplations Divine and Moral, Written by the Magnanimous and truly Loyal A. L. Capel, Baron of Hadham; Together with some Account of his Life, and his Affectionate Letters to his Lady, the day before his Death with his Heroic Behaviour and last Speech at his Suffering; Also the Speeches and Carriages of D. Hamilton and the E. of Holland, who suffered with him: With his pious Advice to his Son the late E. of Essex. Price One Shilling.  
All sold by Nath. Crouch at the Bell in the Poultry near Cheapside.