Castrametation, OR THE MEASVRING out OF THE QVARTERS FOR THE Encamping of an Army. printer's or publisher's device POST TENEBRAS LVX By J. C. LONDON; Printed by R. C. for Andrew Crook, and are to be sold at his shop at the sign of the green Dragon in Saint Pauls Church-yard. 1642. TO THE worshipful, My much honoured Friend, WILLIAM DENNY, Esq. Sergeant mayor of a Regiment of foot. SIR, IT pleased a Noble friend to say of the Lord du Praissac's Discourses( by me lately Englished) as Aristotle said of his own writings, Se scripsisse & non scripsisse. For that he conceived a man must be a good soldier, before he shall be able well to understand him; he is so full and compendious: And therfore wished that as our Geographers first show the whole world in one sheet of paper, but then give large descriptions and particular Maps of every Province, so there might be a Comment upon some Chapters to make them intelligible, and profitable to all. Of the first Chapter( the Exercise of arms and Military Motions, &c.) many books are obvious; and therefore I have thought fittest to begin at the second, which is of Castrametation or Encamping; wherein I have desired to be the more large, because our Nation is not beholden to any( to my knowledge) that hath laboured therein; and the deputy Lieutenants of this County, find a want of men fit to be Quarter-masters. I have desired your Patronage, both in respect of my many obligations; as also for that I know you able to correct what is amiss, and courteous to pardon it. And as this small Essay shall find acceptance, I shall direct myself( as leisure and my poor stock of knowledge shall serve) in the undertaking of the whole work. mean time I kiss your hands, and rest Your Humble Servant, JO. CRVSO. CASTRAMETATION, OR, The measuring out of the Quarters for the Encamping of an army. CAP. I. What Castrametation is, and of the several kinds of Camps. CAstrametation( a word borrowed from the Romans) is the measuring out of the Quarters, for the Encamping of an army. Of Camps there bee three kinds. 1. Castra Temporanea. 2. Castra Sustentoria. 3. Castra Strataria. Castra Temporanea, is a temporary camp, which is but for a nights continuance, or so; and is always in motion. Castra Sustentoria, is a flying army, to stay an Enemies invasion, and to hinder him from advancing further into the Country; to that end always attending his motions, dislodging when he dislodgeth, and encamping when he encampeth. Castra Strataria, is a camp to environ and besiege a town or fortress. When the Army marcheth, so long as the Enemy bee far of, and that the Country be at your devotion, it may be lodged in Villages,( staying but a night, or so) yet must you not omit the usual Guards and Sentinels: But if you march through the Enemies Country, or that he be near hand, the best way is to lodge in the field; for that you shal be the more ready to make resistance, if you should be charged on the sudden. All possible care must be taken to arrive before night( the general having sent a good party of Cavallerie before to discover about and beyond the place) and the Quarters may be secured by wagons, Freese-Ruyters, palisadoes, &c. Or else( especially if the Army make any stay) the infantry are to encompass the Quarters with a Retrenchment of six foot high and three foot thick, for their better security; the moorish grounds may bee enclosed by Freese-Ruyters or palisadoes; which may be cast upon wagons gons when the army dislodgeth. Some pieces of Ordnance may also be planted towards the Anvenues, where the Enemies might assail the Quarters. But if the design be for some siege, when the Army is come near to the place which is intended to bee besieged, there you make your Castra Strataria, and quarter after the third manner. CAP. II. Of the choice of ground for the Quarters. BEfore we come to the making of these Quarters, some general observations are to be premised; wherein our Author and the modern times do agree with Antiquity, and follow the Rules of a Tact Cap. 11. lo, b De re milit. lib. 1. Cap. 22. Vegetius, c De Castrametat. du Praissac. in his military discourses. Chap. 2. Freitag. in his Fortifications lib. 3. Cap. 2. Hyginus Gromaticus, and others; the sum whereof are these. 1. That the Quarters bee not commanded by some higher ground near hand, whereby they might lie open to the Enemies view, coming to relieve the town or fortress besieged. 2. That they be seated near some River( if it be possible) for the benefit of men and cattle, for the cheaper conveyance of necessaries, for the encompassing and securing of the camp( whereby much labour and cost of Fortification is saved) and for the avoiding of the noisomnesse of carrion, and filth, and the Butchers slaughter houses. 3. That there be no woods nor groves near, where the enemy might lye hide, and thence continually vex you; but that the ground be a plain champain, that so you may discover the enemy a far of, and retard him by your Cannon, and have time to put your Forces into battalia. 4. That there be no moorish ground nor bogs near hand, lest your army grow diseased by the stenches and infectious vapours thereof. 5. That the ground bee not subject to bee overflowed with water, either in Autume or Winter; or that it bee not made so by Art( either by the besieged, or such as may come to relieve them) by bringing the water upon you from some other place, by cutting their banks, or by means of their sluices. 6. That there be good convenience of forage, Wood, and straw near hand. 7. That the Quarters bee not too near the town, lest you be galled by their Cannon; nor too far distant, lest your men which work in the Approaches, be thereby hindered from being timelyrelieved from the Quarters. 8. That the Quarters bee of fitting breadth and length according to your forces; lest that( being made too little) the souldiers bee hindered from making good defence, by reason of the straightness of room; or being too large, they want men to man so vast a compass. 9. Lastly and principally, that all the passages be well guarded, that the enemy may not cut off your victual. But because it seldom falleth out that a camp hath all these conveniencies, you must labour to help that by Art, which nature affordeth not. If there be any high ground near, you may possess it yourself( if the condition of the place will permit it) or if there be some other convenient place near hand, you may environ the highest ground with a Trench, and make Redoubts about it: but if the high ground bee on some passage, or place of importance, you may build a Fort upon it, and so take away the Enemies advantage. When there is no River, you must be content to bring all necessaries to the Quarter by wagons and Carts, taking good order that they be hired at reasonable prices; and for the avoiding of stench, the Carrion must be carried out of the Quarters, and there butted in pits thereunto appointed; and the Butchers must there kill their beasts, and bury all their filth. The Woods, if they extend not far from the camp, may be encompassed with Trenches( if it be not too chargeable) which then are useful to afford wood for Huttes and other uses; but if they be too far off, or of too great a circuit, they may be cut down, or fired. If there be water which may be kept up by the besieged to overflow the camp, you must seek to prevent it by certain banks, or by diverting it another way, as necessity and experience will direct. These things being well advised on, and having good information of the condition and situation of the place which you intend to besiege, being come within 6. or 8. miles of the place, the Quartermaster general rides before with 80. 100. or 120. Horse to take a view of the Ground, and presently causeth a design to bee made thereof, that so he may the readilier and better divide the Quarters. The Quarters are not always alike, but according to the situation of the place, and sometimes the camp is divided into 2.3.4. or more Quarters. Their form is according to the ground, and the quantity of Regiments to be lodged in them. CAP. III. Of the Quarters for the infantry. TO say nothing of the Quarterings used by the Ancients, as that of Cyrus briefly described by Xenophon; that of Tamherlan described in the arabic by Alhacen, and translated into French by the Abbot of Mortimer; that of the Romans described by Polybius, whereby divers designs and delineations have been made, by Patritius, the Duke of Vrbin, Robortellus, du Choul, Lipsius, Sir Henry Savile, Sir Clement Edmonds,, du Praissac, the Duke of Rohan and others,( you most of them differing in something or other) howsoever the modern times go upon the same grounds( as that the general should be lodged about the middle, to be equally near to all places; to have his chief Officers, Magazine, victual and Baggage near him; all these to be encompassed by the Horse, and they by the foot( because they are soonest ready to resist the sudden assaults of an Enemy) I purpose to close with the matter in hand, and to treat of the Quarterings now in use, and first of the quartering of a Company of foot. Supposing the said Company to consist of 100 men, or there-about, there is a Parallelogram of ground allowed for them, containing 300 foot in depth and 24 foot in breadth: whereof 180 foot in depth is allowed for the souldiers huts, then 20 foot is appointed( behind them) for a street; next that 40 foot in depth is for the Captatines lodging; then 40 foot for another street between the Captaines lodging and the Suttlers, and last of all 20 foot in depth for the Suttlers, whereof the foremost 10 foot are for their huts, and the other 10 foot for their kitchens: which together makes 300 foot. Now the said 24 foot of breadth for the said company as far as 180 foot in depth is divided into 3 equal parts, namely 8 foot for one file( or Row) of huts, then 8 foot for a street, and lastly 8 foot for the second file of huts. Each file of huts is divided according as the souldiers desire to accommodate themselves; for one alone, there is 4 or 5 foot allowed in depth( or more if the number be smaller then 100 men) if two lodge together, they are allowed 6 or 7 foot; that so the more ground may be allowed to such souldiers as have their wife and Children there. At the head of these 2 files of huts, that on the right hand is the lieutenants Hutt, and that on the left, is the ensigns, both fronting towards the alarm place. All the rest of the huts have their doors opening into the said street of 8 foot wide, over against each other, saving the 2 last huts, which are for the Sergeants, whose doors open into the street of 20 foot broad. between every Hutt there should be 1 or 2 foot distance left, for the drain of the water, and also that( if any fire should happen) it may be the sooner quenched. No soldier is suffered to have any fire in his Hutt( it being onely built of poles and straw) but such as will dress their own meate, are to do it in the place appointed, behind their Suttlers Huttes. The Souldiers build their own Huttes, the Country people thereabout furnishing them with materials. The Captaines have the whole breadth of 24. foot for their lodgings, their Enclosure having an opening towards the street of 20. foot, and another towards that of 40. foot, having a trench of 5. foot high, and a moat of 4. foot depth and breadth round about them, and set about with boughs. The custom( now adays) is that they lodge in Huttes( as being more warmer and more durable) and use Tents for their kitchens and stables. The Suttlers doors open into the said street of 40. foot broad. If the Company consist of 130. 140. or 150. men, they have ground allowed them for 3. files of Huttes; if of 180. or 200. for 4. files. To make all the more plain, observe in figure 1. a.b.c.d. whereby the quartering of one Company is demonstrated. A Regiment consisteth of Companies, some being of 8. other some of 10. 12. 14. 16. 18. Companies. There is also a difference in the number of each Company, wherefore their Quarters must be proportioned accordingly. Howsoever, the depth is always 300. foot, without alteration, in the Prince of Orange his warres; so saith our Author. For the French manner of Encamping, though de * In his Fortifications. lib. 2. part. 2. Cap. 25. Ville would have a Regiment of foot to take up 600. foot in depth, whereof 400. foot for the Souldiers Huttes onely. The colonels lodgings are always in the middle; so his Regiment is divided into 2. equal parts on each hand of him( unless there be an odd number of Companies) and a street of 8. foot broad between each company, into which no doors open. He hath 68. foot of breadth( or more if the ground will permit) allowed him for his lodgings;( entrenched as the Captaines enclosures) and on each side a street of 8. foot broad. About 16. foot before the lieutenants and ensigns Huttes are croches set, with a pole a cross at the top, there to place the Pikes of the Company, and by them a frame to lay their Muskets on, and there are the Colours also planted. But some hold it better( both for readiness, in case of an Alarum, as also for keeping the Muskets clean) that the Souldiers keep them in their Huttes. The figure 1. representeth a Regiment of 10. Companies, of 100. men a piece, whereof. A. Is the colonels lodging, of 68. foot breadth: some would have him to have 76. others 78. foot, but that is left to discretion. B. Here some would lodge the chaplain, Quarter-Master, Surgeon, and the like: and leave onely C. for the colonels wagons &c. Others better appoint B. and C. both for the same uses, namely B. for the colonels kitchen, and C. for his wagons and stables. D. The Captaines lodgings; whereof some think fit that that on the right angle bee for the lieutenant colonel, and that on the left, for the sergeant mayor. Others, quartering the colonels Company outwardest on the right of the Regiment, appoint the colonels captain lodging just in the rear of them in D. and the lieutenant colonels Company next to the colonels lodgings on his left hand, and himself in K. so every captain in the rear of his own Company. E. The Quartermasters lodging. F. The chaplains lodging. G. The Surgeons lodging. H. The Provost Marshall his lodgings: but so much ground for him is judged to be too much. I. The Sutlers Huttes: but such streets of 8. foot are held to be needless between their Huttes, causing too much loss of ground. Figure 1. The late manner of lodging the Captaines in the rear of their Companies,( which change was since our Author writ his book) is for two reasons. 1. That they may the better prevent, and also punish the disorders usually committed in the Suttlers Huttes. 2. That the Souldiers may have the freer and readier passage into the alarum place. CHAP. IIII. Of Quartering the cavalry. THe Horse are usually quartered by themselves, by reason of inconveniencies when they bee quartered amongst the foot. Every Troope of Horse is allowed 300. foot of ground in depth, and breadth according to their number. A Troope of 100. Horse hath 70. foot of breadth, and 180. foot in depth for 2. files of Huttes and Stables. Every soldier having 10. foot in breadth for his but. Next their Huttes there is a small street of 5. foot broad, into which their doors open. Then there is 10. foot in breadth allowed( on each side) for the Stables, so that there is a street left of 20. foot broad between the two files of Stables, 50. Horses being placed on the one side, and 50. on the other. Every soldier, and every stable, having 4. foot of ground in depth. But if there be 130. or 140. Horse in a Troope, there is another file of Huts and stables allowed them, as before, and a street of 20. foot broad as the other, to divide them from the next troope. Every soldier hath his Horse standing just over against his own but, with his head that way, that he may the better see him eat his oats. The foremost but on the right hand is for the Lieutenant that on the left, for the Cornet; the two last for the Quartermaster and corporal. There is a row of mangers along the foreparts of the stables, over against the Riders doors, and for every horse there is a partition, made of a pole, to divide them from each other. If the Army make any long stay, the horses are covered overhead( to keep them from wet and could) either with Canvas or straw, after the manner of a shade, but open before and behind. To make all the more plain, see in figure 2. a. b. c. d. show the manner of Quartering of one troope of 100. horse,( or thereabout) whereof the measures are mentioned in the figure. A Regiment of horse confisteth( usually) of 3. or 4. troops, and are quartered as the said figure sheweth. The colonel hath no more ground then the other Captaines. And until of late, the colonels of horse in the Prince of Orange his army had no more pay then the other Captaines; but now there is a larger stipend given to them, and the Sergeant mayor. Figure 2. A. Are the lodgings for the colonel and other Captaines,( which are entrenched as those of the Infantry) that on the right hand for the colonel( as some hold;) yet others place the colonel in the middle, and the Sergeant mayor in A. Some make a troope of Curassiers to be 180. horse, and place the Lieutenant, Cornett, and Quartermaster, on the left of the captain. B. The Souldiers huts: some make 2. foot of space between each but, for the drain of water, and danger of fire, which I conceive to be very useful. C. The Stables. D. The street of 5. foot breadth, between the Souldiers huts, and the row of Mangers, being the forepart of the Stables. E. Are the Sutlers huts; namely, 1. for the huts, and 2. for their fires and Cookery. Some would have three cross streets( of 8. foot broad) to run a cross through the Quarter, at F. G. and H. from one side to the other; others put two, one between F. and G. and the other between G. and H. which seemeth to be very commodious, for ready passage out and in: But howsoever, the Quarter must be but 300. foot deep. Concerning the Sutlers huts, the leaving of so much space between them as is in figure 1. is conceived to bee needless; but onely here and there a passage; so to give them the more room for their huts. CHAP. V. Of the Generals Quarter. FOr the general there is usually 600. foot of ground( or more, as occasion may require) allowed in breadth, and 300. foot in depth; and this ground is divided as in the figure 3. A. Is the ground for the Generals lodging: wherein 1. is the Gate. 2. the dining room. 3. the wardrobe. 4. the Bed-chamber. 5. the councel-chamber. 6. the Kitchen, &c. B. is a large space of ground, wherein the Gentlemen meet, and recreate themselves with divers exercises. C. Are the huts, for the Wine-sellers, Beere-sellers, servants, and the like. The other squares are tents for the Secretary, Steward, and other Officers and Gentlemen attending the general: also the Hall, Buttery, Pantery, &c. Figure 3. D. The Stables. E. the stable for the Gentlemen. F. a place for the wagons belonging to the Court. G. Court du guard for the general. CHAP. VI. Of the general of the Artillery his Quarter. THe general of the Artillery hath 480. foot in breadth for his Quarter,( or more if occasion serveth) and 300. foot in depth; and may be divided as in Figure 4. Howsoever some do somewhat vary from this figure; which is left to the liberty and discretion of the Quartermasters. Figure 4. A. Is the general of Artillery his lodging. B. The lodging for the Lieutenant and the Gentlemen. C. The Magazine of artillery, Commissary, Controllor, and Conductors. D. The Magazine of the Munitions of war, with the Commissary, Controllor, and Conductors thereof. E. engineers with their Conductors and Controllors of the Fortifications, with their Conductors, Commissary, and clerk. F. The Mr. Gunner, with his Cannoniers, Mr. of fireworks, with his Conductors, Petardier, and Battery Master. G. Mr. Carpenter, his Lieutenant and Journey-men, Wheele-wrights, Smiths, Gabion Master, wheel greasers, Cooper, Provost of the Artillery with his Officers, and Surgeon of the Artillery. H. Mariners to draw the Ordnance. I. Pioners and Winers. K. Common place, for men and wagons,( having business in this quarter) to meet in. L. A spare place for accidental employment. CHAP. VII. Of the Quarters for the Officers of the Field. THe Officers of the Field, have 380.( sometimes 400,) foot of ground in breadth for their Quarter, and 300. foot in depth, whereof the divisions are demonstrated in Figure 5. A. general of the Horse. B. general of the foot. C. Lieutenant general of the Horse. D. Commissary, and Quartermaster of the Horse. E. President, fiscal, and secretary of the counsel of war. F. Provost general. Figure 5. G. Sergeant mayor general. H. Quartermaster general, and the Commissary of the Treasury. I. Commissaries of Masters. K. chaplains, Physician, and Surgeon to the Court. The spaces are streets of 20. foot broad, to give convenient access for wagons, Horse, and Foot; for all men to come to their lodgings. Some do somewhat vary from this form, in making this Quarter; wherein every Quarter master general may use his discretion. CHAP. VIII. Of the Quarter for the wagons. THe Quarter for the wagons is always 300 foot deep,( as all other Quarters are) but the breadth must be proportioned according to the number of wagons, which sometimes take up 380 foot. In this ground the wagons are placed in files( or rows) tail to tail, leaving a streets of 12 foot between them, wherein the wagoners may lay their for age. But between every couple of files there runs a street of 24 foot broad, for passage through the Quarter. To each wagon with 3 horses there is 12 foot allowed in depth and 18 foot in breadth, namely 6 foot for the breadth of the wagon, and 12 foot for 3 horses. The wagoners usually lodge in their wagons, or under them; but such as will build huts, may do it in the said street of 12 foot broad, behind their wagon. And howsoever there be many wagons employed in the army more then are here quartered, it must be bonsidered that many Officers do keep their wagons near them, in their own Quarters. On the 4 sides of the Quarter are the Suttlers huts which follow the wagons, which have 12 foot of ground apiece, both in depth and breadth. All which is more plainly shewed in figure 6. which containeth 10 files of wagons, of 14 wagons in each file, which makes together 140 wagons. Sometimes the said streets are ot so broad as 24 foot( if there be want of ground) that so the more wagons may be placed in the Quarter. Some, instead of making the 4 sides of the Quarter to serve for huts, do there place wagons, and leave an open space( instead thereof) of 60 foot broad, in the Figure 6. middle of the Quarter from B. to A. placing the general of the wagons at the front thereof, allowing him 60 foot in depth: behind him they place the Lieutenant of the wagons and the Secretary,( allowing them 40 foot in depth:) behind these, the Conductore of the wagons, giving them 48 foot in depth, the rest of the ground serving for the Suttlers Huts. CHAP. IX. Of the Market place, or Sutbers Quarter. FOr the Market place there is usually about 400 foot of ground allowed in breadth, and 300 foot in depth; wherein there be divers double files,( or rows) of Huttes made( for the most part 4 files on both sides of the Quarter) every Hutt having 10 foot in breadth, and a street of 20 foot broad between each file of huts. The 2 files of huts nearest to the market place are appointed for the Mercers, Drapers, and other shopkeepers, the next behind them are for inns and taverns; those Figure 7. behind them are for handicrafts men; and the last for Butchers, Bakers, and the like, whereof the figure 7 is a disignement. From A. to B.( being the breadth of this Quarter) is 400 foot. From A. to D.( being the depth) is 300 foot. E. are spaces 20 foot broad, which are not streets for passage,( as F. is) but are closed in at the ends, and serve to dress meate in, or other conveniences for the huts: and into these spaces the huts have backdores to go into. F. is a street of 20 foot broad, between each couple of files of Huttes. Some make a street( of 20 or 24 foot broad) at H. and I. into the market place. G. is the market place, 200 foot broad Some make 2 foot spare between each Hutt, for the drain of water. There be two Quarters more, namely for the Strangers,( noble men or the like) and for the Magazine of Victual, whereof it shall be needless to make defignes; because the Strangers have onely a piece of ground laid out, of 300 foot deep, and breadth according to their use; which then they cause to be divided, and place their Tentes and huts according to their pleasure. So the general of the victual, and Ordnance, which are ordered according to the Quarter of wagons, demonstrated in figure 6. CHAP. X. Of the Lists, for the Quartering of the Army. IF in these times it were usual to have an equal number of men in each company, an equal number of Companies in each Regiment, and an equal number of Regiments in every army,( as the custom was amongst the Romans) one and the same form, and the same proportion of ground would serve for the Quartering of the modern Armies; But seeing that there is now a general inequality of them, the Quarters must be proportioned according to the number of forces and Munitions, which are to be encamped; Therefore the Quarter master general must have exact Lists of them, whereby he may know how to proportion his Quarters. To make this the more plain, I purpose to propound the Lists of the late Prince of Orange his army, Anno 1610. quartered before Gulick, for an Example;( for which I am beholden to Master Simon Steven) which were as followeth. 1. A List of the Officers of the Army. 2. A List of the Regiments of the infantry. 3. A List of the Regiments of the cavalry. 4. A List of the Artillery. 5. A List of the Munitions. 6. A List of the wagons. 7. A List of the Shipping. CHAP. XI. The List of the Officers of the Army. HIs Excellence. Count Henry of Nassau( now Prince of Orange) general of the Horse. monsieur Marquette, his Lieutenant. Count earnest, general of the foot. Sedleveski, Sergeant mayor general. monsieur Stakenbrooke, Commissary general of the Horse. solemn, Quarter Master general. Provost general. President of the council of war. fiscal. Secretary. Commissary of the Freasurie. monsieur Dis-Blet, wagon Master general. His Lieutenant. Quarter Master general of the Horse. Physician to the army. surgeons to the army. Provost of the water. Three chaplains. There be other Officers besides these, as namely of the Artillery, Munition, victual and shipping; but because they are quartered where their charge and command is, there is no cause of nanning them in this List. CHAP. 12. The List of the Regiments of infantry. English. general Vere his Regiment is of 15 Companies; whereof the colonels company consisteth of 200 men, and 14 Companies, of 80 men apiece; which have 32 files of huts. Their front takes up 580 foot of Ground, and have 1320 souldiers. To calculate these, observe that the colonels Company must have 4 files of huts: the other Companies( being 14 of 80 men in each company) must have 2 files of huts apiece; so 32 times 8. makes 256 foots; then for 32 streets of 80 foot broad, makes 256 foot more. add to these 68 foot for the breadth of the colonels lodgings, so together it makes 580 foot. The number of souldiers is expressed, that so each Regiment may know how many foot they must dig of the Retrenchment, as shall be shewed, in Chap. 21. general Ceoill his Regiment is of 10 Companies, whereof the colonels company consisteth of 200 men, and 9 Companies of 80 men apiece: which have 22 files of huts; their front is 452 foot broad, and they are 920 souldiers. Sir George Hollis his Regiment is of 10 Companies, whereof one company is of 90 men, 4 of 80 men apiece, and 5 of 70 men: these( being without place for the colonel) have 20 files of huts; their front 320 foot, and 760 souldiers. Sir Hatton cheek his Regiment is of 10 Companies, hereof one is of 100 men, three of 90 a piece, six of 80. they have 20 files of huts, their front is 388 foot, and 850 souldiers. Scotts. colonel Hinderson his Regiment is of 19 Companies, whereof one is of 100 men, 18 of 70 men apiece; they have 38 files of Huts, their front 676 foot, and 1460 souldiers. French. Monsieur Chastillon his Regiment is of 19 Companies, whereof the Collonells company hath 200 men, one company 100. and 17 of 80 men apiece. These have 40 files of huts, their front takes up 708 foot of ground, and 1660 souldiers. Monsieur Bethune his Regiment is of 19 Companies, whereof the Collonells company hath 200 men, one company more of 100 men, and 17 of 80 men apiece; they have 40 files of huts, their front is 708 foot and 1660 souldiers. Dutch. Count Ernests Regiment is of 6 Companies; the Collonells company hath 200 men, three more of 200 men apiece, one of 150. and one of 100. they have 21 files of huts, their front is 336 foot, and 1050 souldiers. Walons. Count John earnest his Regiment is of 16 Companies, whereof the Collonells company hath 200 men, two Companies of 100. apiece, 13 of 70 men apiece: they have 34 files of huts, their front is 612 foot, and 1310 souldiers. The four Guards. One Guard of 250 men, two of 200 apiece, and one of 150. these( being without Collonells place) have 16 files of huts, their front is 256 foot, and they are 800 souldiers. Frisons. Count William his Regiment is of 8 Companies, whereof the colonels company hath 200 men, 7 Companies of 80 men apiece, which( being without Colonels place) have 18 files of huts, their front 288 foot, and they are 760 souldiers. CHAP. XIII. The List of the Regiments of cavalry. COunt Henry his Regiment is of three troops, whereof one is of 250 men, one of 150, and one of 70, they have ten files of huts, and 430 foot in breadth: which is thus calculated. Each couple of files( as was shewed Chap. 4.) hath 70 foot in breadth; so these 5 couple of files take up 5 times 70 which is 350 foot; then the 4 streets which run between them of 20 foot apiece making 80 foot, make the front of the Regiment( as above-said) 430 foot. And after this manner the ground for the other Regiments of Horse is to be calculated. The number of Horse-men in each Regiment is not specified at the foot thereof( as in the Regiments of infantry) because they are not employed in the making of the Retrenchment. Monsieur Marquette his Regiment is of 4 troops, whereof one of 100 men, three of 70 men apiece; they have 8 siles of huts, and their front is 340 foot. Monsieur Stakenbrooke his Regiment is of 4 troops, whereof one is of 100 men, one of 85. and 2 of 70 apiece, they have 8 files of huts, and their front is 340 foot. colonel Wagemans Regiment is of 3 troops, of 70 men apiece, they have 6 files of Huttes, and their front is 250 foot. colonel Ryhoven his Regiment is of three troops, of 70 men apiece, they have 6 files of huts, and their front is 250 foot. colonel Marcellis Bax his Regiment is of 4 troops, they have( being 70 men apiece) 8 files of huts, and and their front is 340 foot. colonel La Sale his Regiment is of 3 troops, of 70 men apiece, they have 6 files of huts, and their front is 250 foot. colonel Smeltsing his Regiment is of 3 troops, of 70 men apiece, they have 6 files of huts, and their front is 250 foot. colonel Quaet his Regiment is of 3 troops, of 70 men apiece, they have 6 files of huts, and their front is 250 foot. Count John his Regiment is of 3 troops, of 70 men apiece, they have 6 files of huts, and their front is 250 foot. colonel John Bax his Regiment is of 3 troops, of 70 men apiece, they have 6 files of huts, and their front is 250 foot. CHAP. XIV. The list of the Artillery. Ordnances. 4 Whole Cannons, mounted on their carriages. 8 demi Cannons, mounted on their carriages. 3 Field pieces, mounted on their carriges. Powder, match and bullets. 153120 pound of powder. 3000 Cannon bullets. 6000 demi Cannon bullets. 40 latin bullet Cases for whole Cannons. 20 latin bullet Cases for demi Cannons. 1200 bullets of 12 pound. 3000 pound of match. Spare Carriages and wheels. 2 Carriages for whole Cannons. 4 Carriages for demi Cannons. 1 Carriage for a field piece. 8 Blook carriages. 20 Fore carriages. 2 wheels for whole Cannons. 3 wheels for demi Cannons. 1 wheel for field pieces. 5 wheels for fore carriages. 2 Carriage wheels. 1 Sledge carriage. Utensills for the Ordnance. 45 Ladles. 45 sponges. 45 Rammers. 4 Ladles for red-hot bullets. 4 hook tongues for red-hot bullets. 20 Budgebarrells with their mallets and dishes. ●0 coins. Windlasses with their appurtenances. 2 Windlasses complete. 5 Martiners or rack engines. 2 pulleys. 8. brass pulleys. 4 crow levers. 8 levers. 4 Skids. 4. Rowles. Thill harnisses. 41 Thill harnisses complete. 41 Ridge ropes and belly bands. 900 Traces. 450 Collars. Timber for the use of the Artillery. 150 Ioysts. 54 fir balks of 22 foot long. 200 deals. 200 fir poles. 500 Hurdles. tools. 50 Spades. 50 Shovells. 50 Axes. 50 Hatchets. 50 hooks or hedging bills. 22 Pickaxes. 22 mattocks. 80 Hand-pikes. 18 crow lewers. 2 Hand Rammers. 8 Slings to carry powder. 4 Hand barrows to carry powder. Nailes. 4000 Large nailes. 1000 Nailes of 6 inches. 2000 Nailes of 5 inches. 3000 Double middle nailes. 6000 Single middle nailes. 8000 Spikes. All manner of bolts and lints-pins for the Carriages and fore-carriages. Lights. 200 Pound of Candles. 12 wooden lanterns. 4 Barrels of Beacon lights. 4 lamps. Cordage. 2 Whole draft Ropes to draw the Ordnance by men. 3 half draft ropes to draw the Ordnance by men. 22 Ropes to guide the Ordnance. 20 draft ropes to draw the Shipping by Horses. 3 draft ropes to draw the Shipping by Men. 2 pound of twine. 6 pound of packthred to whip about the Lines. several things. 1000 pound of iron for the Smith. 1 cauldron of Seacoale. Smiths tools. Carpenters tools. 80 hair Tiltes. 140 sheeps skins. 6 Leather buckets. 570 Square baskets. 400 pound of hogs grease. 6 Grease boxes. draft Horses for the Artillery. For 4 whole Canons, on their block Carriages, 11 couple a piece, is, 88 For 8 demi Canons, at 9 couple a piece, is 144 For 3 field-pieces, at 5 couple a piece, is 30 For 6 Carriages for whole Canons, at 4 couple a piece, is 48 For 4 Carriages for demi Canons, at 3 couple a piece is, 24 For 2 block carriages, at 1 couple a piece, 4 For 8 drugs at 1 couple a piece, 16 For 6 wagons to carry Harquebuses a crocke, 4 couple apiece, 48 For 8 Mill-waggons, at 4 couple apiece, 48 Spare Horses, 20 couple, is 40 sum of the draft Horses, 490. Officers of the Artillery. The general of the Artillery Kessel. His Lieutenant Grena. Controller of the Artillery Monier. Commissary of the Artillery, Wtenbrouck, 10 Gentlemen of the Ordnance. 25 Conductors. 6 engineers( namely A.B.C.) every man having his Conductor. 2 Controllers of the Fortifications,( namely A.B.C.) each of them having his Conductor, Commissary, and clerk. The Master Gunner, A.B. 36 Canoniers. The Master of the fireworks, with 2 Conductors. The Petardier. 2 Battery Masters. The Master Carpenter, M.N. His Lieutenant, O.P. 12 Journymen Carpenters. 2 Wheelewrights. 2 Smiths. 1 Gabion maker. 2 Wheele-greasers. 1 Cooper. The Provost of the Artillery, with his servants. The Chirurgeon of the Artillery. The Commissary of the draft Horses. His 11 Conductors, divided as followeth? To each of the 6 pieces of whole Canon, 1. To each of the 3 field pieces, 1. To the carriages and fore carriages, 1. 2 Captaines of the Pioners, A.B. and C.D. 100 Pioners, 50 to each captain. The captain of the Miners, E. F. 25 Miners. 4 Sea Captaines. 240 Mariners, 60 to each captain. CHAP. XV. The List of the Munitions of war. Powder, Match, and Bullets. 45000 pound of Powder for Muskets. 45000 pound of Match. 45000 pound of cast Musket Bullets. arms. 200 Muskets. 800 Whole Pikes 50 half Pikes 50 Targets. tools. 10000 Spades. 2000 Shod shovels 1000 mattocks 500 Pickaxes 1200 Axes 600 Hatchets 600 hooks or hedging bills. 4 crows of iron. Timber. 1600 deals 25 Split deals 1500 fir Sparres 100 Firrebalkes of 22. foot 100 Firrebalkes of 25 foot. Nailes. 2000 of 7 inches. 2500 of 6 inches. 3000 of 5 inches. 20000 double middle Nailes. 20000 single middle Nailes. 10000 large Spikes. 10000 Spikes. lights. 100 pound of candles. 8 wooden lanterns. 2000 Beacon Lights. 6 lamps. several things. 1000 Wheele-barrowes complete. 100 Spare Spindles. 30 Rush-bridges, with their cords. 50 hair Tiltes. 100 Square baskets. 600 bags to carry earth. 30 Ship-pullies. 100 Quartering staves. 10 draft lines to draw up the Munitions. 1200 pound of line, of all sorts, from penny lines upwards. 8 Musket-bullet-mouldes, of 12 holes a piece. 8 Melting-ladles. Officers of the Munitions of war. The Commissary, A.B. 20 Conductors. CHAP. XVI. The List of the wagons. IN the List of the wagons, the same order is observed as before, namely, first, the wagons for the Officers of the field; secondly, for the foot; thirdly, for the Horse; fourthly, for the Artillery; fifthly, for the Munitions; and sixthly, for the victual. wagons for the Officers of the field. For his Excellence. 66 For Count Henry, general of the Horse, 30 His Lieutenant Marquette, 6 Sergeant mayor general, Sedleneski, 3 Commissary general of the Horse, Stakenbrooke, 2 Quarter-master general, solemn, 1 Provost general, 3 Advocate, fiscal, and Secretary, 2 Commissary of the Treasury, 2 Waggon-master, general Doublet, his Lieutenant, Conductors, Wheelewrights, Smiths, and Cordage, 7 Quarter master general for the Horse, A.B. 1 The Provost of the Water, 1 Two Surgeons of the Armies, 2 Three chaplains. 3 sum of the Waggens for the Officers of the field, 129 wagons for the infantry. For 12 Captaines of general Vere his Regiment, 12 2 Captaines of colonel Ogles Regiment, 2 general cecil, 12 2 colonels, 4 wagons a piece 8 3 Lieutenant colonels, ● a piece 6 3 Sergeant 〈…〉 3 Quarter 〈…〉 3 Provost 〈…〉 2 chaplains, one apiece, 2 The Surgeon Mr. James. 2 52 Captaines, 52 colonel Chastillon 6 His Lieutenant colonel, and Sergeant mayor, 2 Surgeon and Provost, 1 19 Captaines, 19 colonel Bethune, 6 His Lieutenant, and Sergeant mayor, 2 Surgeon and Provost, 1 19 Captaines, 19 The Lieutenant colonel of Count earnest, 1 Sergeant mayor, and Quarter master, 1 Surgeon and Provost, 1 6 Captaines, 6 Count John earnest; 5 His Lieutenant colonel, 1 Sergeant mayor, and Quartermaster, 1 Surgeon and Provost, 1 16 Captaines, 16 4 Captaines of the 4 guards, 4 The Lieutenant and ensign of his Excellences guard, 1 For the arms of the said guard, 1 The Lieutenant colonel of the Frisons, 2 Sergeant mayor, and Quartermaster, 1 8 Captaines, 8 The Commissary of the wagons. 1 sum of the wagons for the foot, 212 wagons for the cavalry. 10 colonels of Horse, at 1 apiece, 10 The Lieutenant and Cornet of his Excellence his Troope, 1 For the arms, 1 sum of the wagons for the Horse, 12 wagons for the Artillery. ●… 0000 pound of Powder, 59 For the Horse 〈…〉 For the Artillery 〈…〉 For the Munition 〈…〉 For the victual 〈…〉 sum 〈…〉 CHAP. XVII. The List of the Shipping. ACcording to the Order before mentioned, first are to be set down, the Ships for the Officers of the Army. His Excellence, 20 Count Henry, ships and boats, 12 The captain general of the watch Sedleneski, 1 The Quarter master general solemn, 1 The Provost general with his servants & Mariners, 1 The Advocate, fiscal, and the Secretary to the council of war are to be shipped in a Munition ship. The Commissary of the Treasury, 1 The wagon Master with his Conductors, 1 The 2 Surgeons of the Army, and the Apothecary, 1 sum of the Ships for the Officers of the field, 38 There be other Officers, as of the Artillery, Munitions of war, victual, and of the shipping; but seeing that they accommodate themselves in those ships, which are laden with the goods which they have the command of, they need no other ships. Ships for the infantry. For the Regiment of English, 2 For the Regiment of Scots, 2 For 2 Regiments of French, 3 ships apiece, 6 For the Regiment of Dutch, under Count earnest, 1 For the Regiment of walloons, 2 For the four guards, 1 For the arms and baggage of the guards, 1 For the Beginnent of Frisons, 1 For the English marching with Count Henry, 2 For the Regiment of Lieutenant colonel Meetkerk●…, 1 sum of the ships for the infantry, 19 ships for the cavalry, For 11 Regiments of Horse, 1 ship apiece, 12 For the arms and baggage of his Excellence his Troope, 1 sum of the ships for the cavalry, 12 Ships for the Artillery. These are of three sorts, 1 for the Officers of the Artillery; 2 for the brass Ordnance, with their carriages and block carriages; 3 for the munitions of the Artillery. Ships for the Officers of the Artillery. The general of the Artillery, 1 The engineers, Controllers, and Conductors of the Fortifications, and of the works, 1 The Ingenier, A.B. 1 The Master Gunner, with all the Canoniers, 1 The Master Carpenter general, with all his workmen, 1 The Commissary of the draft horses, with his Conductors and Utensils, 1 Wheelewrights, Smiths, Ropemakers, and their materials, 1 Two Captaines of Pioners, makers of fireworks, and Petardiers, 1 sum of the ships for the Officers of the Artillery, 8 Ships for the brass Ordnance, with their carriages, and blocke-carriages. These pieces with their carriages are shipped in the ship for Bridges, which shall be hereunder mentioned. Ships for the Munitions of the Artillery. 960 barrels of Powder, in 4 Carvels, is 4 3000 Bullets of 48 pound weight in 4 hoys, 4 6000 Bullets of 24 pound, in 4 hoys, 4 For the Petards and appurtenances, 1 Hoy, 1 For the Cordage, Match, latin bullet-cases, and other things, one carvell, 1 For 500 hurdles and some baskets, one carvell, 1 150 Fire Joysts, and some baskets, one carvell, 1 200 deals, and 200 fir poles, 1 Ship, 1 For some Cordage, collers, Ladles, &c. 1 ship, 1 1200 Bullets of 12 pound, one small Hoy, 1 sum of the shipping for the Munition of the Artillery, 19 sum of the Ships for the Artillery, 27. Ships for the Munitions of war. 45000 pound of Powder, 45000 pound of Match, 45000 pound of Musket-bullets, 50 hair Titls, 8 moulds, 8 Ladles, All which was laden in 4 ships of 40 tun apiece, and one Hoy together, 5 200 Muskets, 800 Pikes, 50 half pikes, 50 Targets, 12 lanterns, 100 pound of candles, 6 lamps, 2000 Beacon Lights. Nailes of all sorts, 100 Quartering staves, 600 bags to carry earth, 10 draft Ropes, 12000 pound of Cordage, 30 Ship-pullies, 100 Square baskets, All which was laden in a Hoy, is 2 30 Rush-bridges, with the cordage thereunto belonging, laden in a ship of 40 tun, and a Hoy, is 2 10000 Spades, 2000 Shovels, 1000 mattocks, 500 fasting-days, 1200 Axes, 600 Hatchets, 600 hooks, All which was laden in three hoys, is 3 10000 Wheele-barrowes, 100 wheels, 100 Spindles, 25 Split deals, All which was laden in three ships of 40 Tun apiece, 3 1500 deals. 1500 fir poles, 200 fir balks, 10 draft Ropes, 4 crows of Iron, All which were laden in three shipsof 40 Tun apiece, 3 sum of the ships for the munitions of war, whereof 11 were of 40 tun, and 6 hoys together, 17 Ships for the victual. These were in all, 66 Ships for Bridges. 17 Lyters for the Ordnance with the appurenances, 17 One great Ferry Hoy, 1 One small Ferry Hoy, 1 6 boats of small bridges, with their wagons, and horse furniture, 6 One flat-bottomed boat to carry the wagons and their appurtenances aboard the hoys, 1 sum of the Bridgeships, 26 The Persons belonging to the Bridge-ships, which accommodate themselves in their own ships, are as followeth. The Bridge-master. His Lieutenant. 83 Lytermen, thus divided; In 15 great Lyters, 4 apiece. In 2 sinaller Lyters, 3 apiece. In the great Ferry Hoy 3. In the small Ferry Hoy 2. With every 6 boats for Bridges 1. In the flat bottomed boat 3. Ship-Carpenters 3. Ships for several uses. The Commissary of the shipping, with his conductors, 1 One ship and 4 small hoys for the Conductors and Commissaries of shipping, and for things accidental, 5 6 Small hoys to move up and down, for Messengers and wounded Souldiers. 6 sum of the ships for several uses, 12 Summa summarum of the shipping. For the Officers of the Field, 38 For the infantry, 19 For the cavalry, 12 For the Artillery, 27 For the Munitions of war, 17 For the victual, 66 For the Bridges, 26 For several uses, 12 sum total of the shipping, 217 Here is no particular List of the victual mentioned, for that the States Army is usually supplied by Sutlers, and Merchants, and the neighbour towns. CHAP. XVIII. Of designing the Quarters for the Army. SEing that divers Quarters are to be made for the said army( as 11 for the 11 Regiments of infantry, & as many for so many Regiments of Cavallrie, besides the other Quarters) It were a work of infinite trouble to make a design for the convenient placing of them, and that in hast,( for that upon viewing of the ground, it is presently to be done) but that there is this help to be used. Every one of the said Quarters must be drawn( before-hand) upon several pieces of fine pasteboard( such as our playing cards are made of) which must be so cut as that they all may have 300 foot in depth, and so many foot in breadth as every list will require. As for Example, General Vere his Regiment having 300 foot in depth and 580 foot in breadth,( as was shewed in Chapter 12) you must cut a piece of pasteboard of just such a scantling( according to some small scale) and then writ upon it the Collonells name, and the measure of the breadth, as here is shewed.( Some would also have the number of Companies and of the Files of Huts requisite for them to be mentioned on every pasteboard, as you see it in Chapter 21. Figure 13. which I conceive to be commendable.) And so for all the rest. Figure 8. All these past-boards you must so often move and remove, until they lie in such order as ye desire to have them. And for the more ready doing of it, you must draw certain parallel lines upon a sheet of paper, of 50 foot distance, for the streets, with spaces of 300 foot, Figure 8. ( as is shewed in figure 8.) thereby the better to lay the said past-boards in order. In making the said Quarters, his Excellence having caused the ground to be viewed, resolved not to quarter the Horse, the wagons, the English under general cecil, nor the Scots, within the camp: so the past-boards of Figure 9. their Quarters being laid aside, the rest were ordered as in the 9. Figure. Yet if in the placing of these Quarters, you find that the Quarter would be more regular, if some of them were somewhat enlarged or lessened; in such cases you may somewhat alter the Quarters of the wagons, Market, Artillery, victual, Strangers, and the ground for the Generalls Quarter. But the Regiments of foot and Horse, the Quarters for the general of the Artillery, and the Generals lodgings, must not be altered. According to the past-boardes so placed, the design is to be drawn upon paper, with alarm places on all sides, as is shewed in Figure 10. Figure 10. And of these designs it is good to have some in readiness before hand, some with Cavalry, and othersome without, to stand in stead on a sudden occasion. A. Is a void space of ground, for men to meet and walk in, which have business at Court. B. and C. were spaces left for Count William, and Count Henry of Nassau. D. is the alarm place, on each side of the Quarters. CHAP. XIX. Of measuring out the Quarters in the Field. HAving appointed( by the said paper design) in what order the Quarters shall be made in the field, there must be 150. Quartering staves( more or less, according to occasion) brought into the field:( which are painted staves of some 9. foot long, each of them having a little banner at the top,( as was usual among the Romans) to be placed at the Angels of each Quarter. Of these, four are marked with figure 1. four with 2. and the rest so rising. You must also have a surveying instrument and a chain, divided into rods and feet. Then you are to mark out the circuit of the whole Quarter, by four exterior lines; so that each corner of the Quarter make a right Angel; setting a quartering staff in each of them. Then you are to measure out the particular Quarters; and so soon as the ground of one Regiment be laid out, the particular Quarter-master of that Regiment takes notice of it( for all the particular Quarter-masters, attend the Quarter-master general in this work;) So( all the quarters being measured out) the said staves will stand, as is shewed in figure 11. Figure 11. CHAP. XX. Of subdividing the particular Quarters. BEcause this work is to be performed with all possible expedition, every Quarter-master presently falls to subdivide his quarter; Suppose the Angles of it to be A.B.C.D.( in the figure following) he divides the ground between A.B. along by a line, strained from those two staves, from 8. foot, to 8. foot,( as was shewed in Chap. 3.) according to his number of men, putting down a stick or bough at each of them, as the pricks show in figure 12. That done, he doth the same in the way of the said ground for the Souldiers Huts, from C. to D.( being 180. foot distant from A.B.) Then the Sergeants of every Company presently fall to subdivide the ground for the Souldiers Huts. To do this, they must precisely know how many Huts they are to have, and what Souldiers desire to lodge together. If two files of Huts will serve his Company, he strains four lines from the marks made by his Quarter-master, as in the said figure is she wed by A, D. E, F. G, H. and I, K. And to set forth the ground for every but, he pricks down four sticks, to give direction where the four corner posts of every but shall stand. So then the Souldiers build their own Huts accordingly. The Sergeants must take care that no soldier build otherwise, than precisely as his ground is allowed him, and to this the Quartermasters, Captaines, and colonels must have an Eye. This direction give for the measuring out of a Regiment of foot, will give sufficient light for the measuring out of all the other quarters. Figure 12. whilst the Sergeants are busy about this work, the Quarter-masters proceed to lay out the ground for the Captaines lodgings, and for the Sutlers Huts, as is shewed in figure 1. CHAP. XXI. Of measuring out the alarm place, and making the retrenchment. THe Romans used not to fortify their Compes, but were quartered in the open fields, without any defence, until they learned it of Pyrrhus, King of Epirus,( who was the first that environed his camp with a Rampart, as (a) S●… a●… g li. 4. cap 1. Frontinus affirmeth. But afterwards they observed it, and found it to be most safe and necessary, as (b) 〈…〉. Vegetius and (c) ●… ct. c. 11. lo testify: which custom is still( for many good reasons) continued in our modern warres. The Quarters being all measured out, an Ingenier with his Conductos, measure out on every side of the general quarter, two right parallel lines, 6 foot distant from each other, for the breadth of the moat; whereof the innermost line is 206 foot distant from the Quarters; whereof 6 foot is allowed for the breadth of the Parapet, and 200. foot remaineth for the alarm place. Then( with the help of 50. or 60. Pioners) they cut a furrow( about half a foot broad, and half a foot deep) along the said two lines, by strained cords, to direct the Souldiers in their making of the Trenches. This done, you must calculate how many foot each Regiment must dig( which the Infantry are to do, without any salary for the same, it being for their own security and ease.) To this end, look in Chap. 18. figure 10. and you shall find that the two longest sides to be digged, are 2000. foot apiece, and the two shortest sides are 1750. foot apiece, which together make 7500. foot: Whereunto there be 8560. Souldiers in several Regiments( as appeareth in Chap. 12.) namely, Vere, 1320 Chastillon, 1660 Bethune, 1660 Frisons, 760 Count John earnest, 1310 The 4 guards, 800 Count earnest. 1050 sum 8560. Souldiers must dig 7500. foot. Then you may calculate( by the rule of three) and say, if 8560. Souldiers must dig 7500. foot, what must 1320 Souldiers of general Vere his Regiment? facit 1157 foot; which you are to set down by Vere; and so for the rest. So the computation will stand thus,     foot. Vere, 1320 Souldiers must dig 1157 Chastillon, 1660 1454 Bethune, 1660 1454 Frisons, 760 666 Count John earnest, 1310 1148 4 guards, 800 701 Count earnest, 1050 920   8560. Souldiers must dig 7500. foot. The length of ground which every Regiment is to dig, is to be marked on the outside of the outward-most lockspitting, with a cross cut in the ground. As for example, in Chap. 18. Figure 10. If you begin at the Angle H. there making a cross, you measure from thence 1454. foot for Chastillon his Regiment, which will extend to I. where you must also make a cross. In like manner measuring 1454. foot for Bethune his Regiment, they will extend as far as to the cross I and so for the rest. But seeing that the said Figure 10. sheweth but the Quartering of the foot onely, and but a part of them neither,( for reason before given) I have here added the figure 13. wherein all the Horse, Foot, Officers, Artillery, and wagons are Quartered, according to the several Lists before mentioned, wherein observe that the Generals Quarter comprehendeth double the usual ground, for some reason extraordinary. The two Quarters for Stakenbrooke and Marquet, I conceive might more conveniently have been placed nearer to Count Jobus Regiment of Horse; for so the street between Hinderson and Stakenbrooke, also that between Marquet and Bepane, would have been wider( which are now but 30 foot wide) and the other two streets on each side of Count John, which are now 55 foot wide, would have been more regular. Some would have the moat of the Retrenchment to be seven or eight foot wide, and five or six foot deep, and about two foot and a half broad at the bottom: The Parapet to be eight foot broad at the Basis( besides a foot bank of three foot broad) and six foot high; as appeareth by their Peofiles; But no certain general measure can be set down for the Retrenchments, because they are subject to alteration and change. First, In regard of their form, which must be directed according to the place which is to be fortified. Secondly, In regard of their matter; for in some places there is good earth, in others sandy, in others moorish, &c. Thirdly, In regard of the enemies being near, or far off; weak, or strong, &c. Fourthly, In regard of the condition and situation of the camp, &c. And accordingly the Retrenchments are to be fortified by Tenailles, Ravelins, Redouts, and half Redouts, Forts, Horne-workes, Croune-workes, &c.( as need and occasion shall require) observing the distance of 60. or 70. rod( being the reach of Musket shot) between work and work, on a right line. But seeing these things do properly belong to the Art of Fortification, and my purpose was onely to speak of Castrametation, I will put an end to this Discourse. FINIS.