CVLPEPER'S School of Physic.  
OR THE Experimental Practice of the whole Art.  
Wherein are contained all inward Diseases from the Head to the Foot, with their proper and effectual Cures, such Diet set down as aught to be observed in Sickness or in Health.  
With other safe ways for preserving of Life, in excellent Aphorisms, and approved Medicines, so plainly and easily treated of, that the Freeborn Student rightly understanding this Method, may judge of the Practice of Physic, so far as it concerns himself, or the Cure of others, etc.  
A Work never before Published, very necessary for all that desire to be rightly informed in Physic, Chirurgery, Chemistry, etc.  
Nosce teipsum.  
By Nich. Culpeper, late Student in Physic and Astrology.  
The Narrative of the Author's Life is prefixed with his Nativity Calculated, together with the Testimony of his late Wife, Mrs. Alice Culpeper, and 〈◊〉.  
The general Contents of this Work are in the next 〈◊〉. With two perfect Tables very useful to the 〈◊〉  
London, Printed for N. Brook, at the Angel in Cornhill 1659.   

The general Contents of the several Treatises.  

1. THe School of Physic, or the English Apothecary; a Treatise of the transcendent sufficiency of our English Herbs, as they may be rightly used in Medicine; being a brief account of the whole concernment of the Herbary Art; as also the excellency of our English home Physic. p. 1.  
2. The Sovereign Virtues of Carduus Benedictus, in English, The Blessed Thistle, which for the operation and great efficacy that God hath given to it, may be rightly so named; as also of the rare Virtues of Angelica. p. 71.  
3. Fragmenta Aurea. Four Golden Centuries of Chemical, Physical, Judicial Aphorisms, and Admirable Secrets. p. 87.  
4. The Garden Plat: or, a very brief account of such Herbs, etc. that excel, and are some of them most useful in Physical and Chyrurgical Cures on emergent and sudden occasions. p. 156.  
5. The Celestial Governors: or, a Discourse, in which is plainy declared what Members of the Body are governed by the twelve Signs, and of the Diseases to them appropriate. p. 182.  
6. How the Members of the Body are governed by the seven Planets, and of the Diseases to them appropriate. p. 28  
7. Cardiaca Simplicia, a brief Account of 〈◊〉 Choice Simples, as are chief appropriate to the Hear●: A Treatise left unfinished by the Author. p. 186.  
8. The Surgeons Guide: or, the E●●●●● of some Unskilful Practitioners in Chyr● corrected. p ●●5  
9 Phlebotomy displayed: or, perfect Ru● 〈◊〉 the letting of Blood. p. 214.  
10. Urinal Conjectures, brief Observations, with some probable Predictions on the sick Patients Stolen or Water. p. 222.  
11. The Treasury of Life: or, Salves for every Sore; experienced and tried Receipts for the Cure of the most usual Diseases that our frail Bodies are most subject to, whilst we remain in this Life. p. 229.  
12. The Expert Lapidary: or, a Physical Treatise of the secret Virtues of Stones. p. 263.  
13. Doctor Diets Directory: or, the Physicians Vade Mecum; short, but safe Rules to preserve Health in a Methodical way, passing by the impertinences and niceties of former Physicians, treating only of familiar, and the most useful things in Diet, which chief nourish and maintain Life. 279.  
14 Doctor Reason, and Doctor Experience consulted with: or, the mystery of the Skill of Physic made easy, short, clear, and certain Rules how to perceive, judge, and determine what any usual Disease is from the parts of the body affected, the Causes, Signs, or Symptoms, collected from the most approved Authors, and constantly practised by Mr. Nicholas Culpeper. p. 345.  
15. Chemical Institutions, discovering Nature's choice Secrets in experienced Chemical Practice, showing the several degrees of Progression in the Physical Cabinet of that Art. p. 405    

Mrs. Alice Culpepers Testimony, and Approbation of this Book.  
Ingenious Reader,  
HAving an Orphan, or Posthumus in my protection, and being solicited by divers for the propagation of the public good in its Publication; for its better entertainment, I appear to tell the World it is a Legitimate Child of Mr. Nicholas Culpeper, my deceased Husband. And as I promise you it is the Genuine and Ingenious Offspring of his Brain, so I question not, it will (with the rest of his laborious Pieces) help to blow louder the Trumpet of his never dying Fame. I need not much endeavoar to attest that this Tractate is his; for it will evidently appear at first sight, that it is the Child of such a Father; which will be commendation enough both for the one and the other: and that is the reason I refused to seek a Patron for it, since I know his bare Name will sufficiently serve for a Patronage. I follow the new Mode of the Times, by disallowing of Godfathers; yet the Bookseller thought it inconvenient, that this Treatise should wander up and down the World without a Name, and therefore it is Christened, The School of Physic. If it shall please any one to cast their affections on this Fatherless Child, him shall I esteem as my Gossip. Expect from me to say no more at present, because I would willingly cross an old Saying, Women are never silent till dead. I am in in all virtuous Endeavours for the Public Good,  
Yours, ALICE CULPEPER. Novemb. 15. 1658. From my House in Spittle-fields, next Door to the Red Lion.   

The Preface. To all Students in Physic, Chirurgery, and Chymestry.  
THough that those which look for an eternal life set but light by a temporary, as they are truly sensible here below, to meet with a mass and accumulation of sins and sorrows; nevertheless since we find long life to be one of those blessings so often promised in the old Law, as also that the beloved Disciple of our blessed Saviour survived the other Disciples, and many of the Fathers of the Church were long lived; we Mortals, as we are too prone on Earth to esteem it our chiefest good, cannot at least but enrol it amongst others of the choice and great favours we receive from Heaven. The old saying is, Vita brevis, Ars longa; Life is short, and Art is long: therefore in all ages it hath been the ambitious task of Learned men, if it were possible, to perfect Art, so as to prolong life, even to the length of days: indeed the best of them found there inquiries too difficult, some of them having carefully scrutinized and searched the matter of the reparation, but none yet living ever attained to the manner; it being an agreed of Truth, that in the declining of age, there is an unequal reparation, some parts are repaired easily, some with difficulty and loss: the Spirits, Blood, Flesh, and Fat, are even after the declining of years easily repaired, but the drier and more poreous parts, the Membranes, all the Tunicles, Sinews, Arteries, Veins, Bones, Cartilages, most of the Bowels, in a word, all the organical parts are hardly repairable, and to their loss. Now these hardly repairable parts, to use the same words of one of the Moderns, a most eminent Writer of this nation, that when the Physician comes to the office of repairing of them, the other which are easily repaired, finding themselves deprived of their wont ability and strength, cease longer to perform their proper function; by which means it comes to pass, that in process of time, the whole body tends to ruin. Though these considerations are thus premised, that in spite of Art, Death and a Dissolution at last will come; nevertheless it ought to be the care of every wise and honest Physician, that since nature may in part be repaired, that life may be nourished, that the length of it is one of the greatest blessings on earth, so for him to show his Christian Charity, most religiously to observe and endeavour, to the extent of his skill, what may be by him performed, as to this prolongation: it being the duty of one that knows the ways of nature, as how to turn her about, so also whilst life can be preserved, to maintain her in her most healthful dimensions. Nor do I esteem of a Physician for his only knowing how to act, as to a nourishing renovation, restoring, and continuance of health, but it will be further enjoined on his conscience, to mitigate the far distance of a Doctor, with such wholesome instructions been able to discern, if not to have determined, of the parts affected, the causes, the signs, and symptoms of a Disease; how to have applied right Medicines either for the quantity or quality, for the curing of themselves or others; such as in cases of necessity they needed not to have sent some miles for, but might have found in the Fields, or in their neighbouring Gardens; whereas for want of the assistance of a true Method of Physic, this knowledge having been denied them, thousands have perished, as at the great day of account some will find to be too true. I appeal to all men in their Wits, whether there are such unnatural Monopolizers in the World? What Nation is there, that their Physicians have not for the most part at the first writ in their Mother tongue? I have been informed that the late Famous Mr. Noy of Lincoln's Inn, that he would have had the Gentlemen to have joined with him, and moved to have the Law turned into English, which they being averse to, though otherwise he promised to remember the Society in his Will; instead of a Library, which he intended when he died, he left them nothing but the Comedy of Ignoramus, which hangs up; and as I am certified, is there still to be seen. I have read that the Germane Physicians once a year in their Mother Tongue registered their Cures in the temple of Aesculapius, whereby the common sort of people knew how to difference diseases; could distinguish of the easy from the more difficult cures, and learned according to the light then derived to them, to preserve themselves and others; whereas we have reason to thank our grave, wise, and learned Physicians over the left shoulder, who would have us know nothing, or as little as may be. Mr. Culpeper, now in Heaven, spent himself early and late for the good of his Countrymen; he discovered their Subtleties, and was one of the first that broke down the partition-wall of our ignorance and slavery; they are his own words. I have already made a progress, and whilst I am in the Land of t●● Living, I will persist, in spite of all opposers, to inform my Countrymen. It was his greatest ambition to do all the good he could on earth, the Lord having answered his desires, though himself did not live to see it, in the publishing of this Volume, which may truly be called a School of Physic, even a Grammar to learn all the Rudiments of the complete Practice of this Art; so that if the peruser of this Work be but one of good natural parts, though he be ignorant of the Tongues, he shall on sufficient grounds be able to give a reasonable answer, so as to resolve the most useful and considerable questions in Physic, that can be propounded to him; he shall be so informed to give an account of what of himself he shall undertake to practise. It will be needless to enlarge myself further, this Book hath worth enough in it to declare its Author; it requires no commendation to forerun it; Diet, Reason, and Experience, the three Doctors Mr. Culpeper consulted with, built upon good principles, so that the Student shall find both the Theoric and the Practic sweetly to agree in the discovery of the most concealed truths. This method of practice being experienced by himself, written in the intervals of his lingering sickness; as he had a long time before his death bid adieu to all worldly respects, he having, as hath been said, no higher aim, than the healths and prosperity of his Countrymen; he left, as I may presume from my own knowledge to affirm, in the hands of his best friends, to this very purpose, all his tried Receipts in writing to be printed; as besides those names thou readest affixed to this work, there are many others, if there were occasion, are ready to testify. I am confident no private man in any age could show such a volume, compiled of such experimental probations; the Author never showing himself so clearly and powerfully in any of his printed Treatises as in this last, having been heard to say, that in publishing some of his former translations, he was troubled with the epidemical disease, as 'tis usual with persons of such worth; he then entertained, as he acknowledged, an ambition to be known to the world; but in these his Treatises, as he protested, he had opened his breast, dealt so ingeniously for the good of the public, as to discover the mystery of his profession, not reserving a secret he knew, that might keep men alive, or when they were in danger, that might recover them, this being the store-house of his whole Practice.  
Loving Countrymen, whatsoever benefit you shall reap by the labours of our deceased friend, let your Christian charity employ it for the good of your neighbours; thanks be to God, there are still noble persons left, that upon such blessed occasions of being aiding to others, are ready to expose their persons and purses, not being ashamed, as some are, but accounting it their honour to be helpful to the poor; to such Worthies this volume will be most acceptable, not only as it will increase, but also confirm their knowledge. It will be also extremely necessary for those of lower Forms in the School of Physic; young Practitioners, who may in this lively mirror see their mistakes, and the deformities of their Practice, how they have caused the Medicines they formerly applied, not only to be ineffectual, but rather destructive to the healths of their Patients; as they are to ask God forgiveness for their ignorance, in placing the Cart before the Horse, the Practic before the Theoric, their venturing hand over head on the Medicine, before they rightly knew the disease, like the mad Empirics of these times, confident in undertaking cures, though they err both in the method and rules, that ought step by step to be trod in and pursued. In this School of Physic, such too forward dangerous Practitioners, whatsoever arrogantly they have hitherto assumed to themselves, they are to meet with other discipline, sure to be put back and taught a new lesson; first, rightly to know the dolours and torments of diseases; for him, like the good Samaritan, to pour in the Oil of his compassion, as much as in him lies, to abate the present miseries of the Patient, that he may for the present find some comfort, till God in his mercy vouchsafes to show better Symptoms of his recovery: and when he hath so given him over, that all hopes of life are past, still to remain constant to his undertake, like honest Mr. Culpeper, who would not leave or forsake his patiented when he perceived death, till he had procured and opened a fair and easy passage for him to go out of this life. As for those stately Doctors that scruple at attendance after they have received their large Fees, pretending other dispatches, they will not stay with their languishing Christian brother; what can this neglect of theirs be imputed so much to, as the cruelty of their excessive pride, for otherwise, if they were not wanting to their profession, and to humanity itself, they might in the time of their staying give such advice as to facilitate the pains of death, comfort the spirits of the afflicted person, so far as to enlighten his mind for the making of his peace with Heaven, and his more orderly taking of his leave of his affairs on earth. The Physician also might better his skill, so far as to observe the conflicts of the several distempers in the issues of death, so as to distinguish of the vigours and workings of all manner of Diseases in their last & saddest triumphs. Physicians in other parts of the world do not come so easily by their money, they have set, stinted, small fees appointed them, so ordained of purpose, that they might be made more diligent; that if their Christian Charity did not, their necessities might compel them to come the oftener to make up their Sum; so that the poor for a small pittance are better attended, than our rich persons are here for their handfuls of Gold. The truth is, throughout the whole World there are not such slaves to the Doctors, as the poor English are; most of them profess themselves Protestant's, but their practices have been like those of the Papists, to hid the grounds of Physic from the vulgar, who for want of a right knowledge of the true course and rules of this Art, having no estates to pour into their bottomless Purses: Si nihil attuleris, ibis Homere foras, No Money, no Doctor. The poor souls in their disserted and extreme necessities having been forced (as they were always kept in a desperate ignorance) to take such unnatural and monstrous Physic, as to be their own murderers; whereas if they had not been hoodwinked, and muffled in such darkness, sacrificed to the ambitions and covetousness of such uncharitable persons, the poor wretches might by the conscientious aids of worthy Writers in their mother tongue, (I do not mean such English mad hodgepodge dangerous Books, as we have already too many of in Print) but of learned, advised, methodical, and useful Authors in our Language, from which they might have been so taught and directed, as to know how to distinguish of the most usual Diseases of themselves, in case of the disease before they go about the cure; and then to compound the Medicine so, as to relate to the nature of the Patient's body; otherwise that which may cure one might kill another. They being thus once put into the right way to discern and determine of the most usual Diseases, throughout this book, with God's blessing, they shall meet with perfect directions for the cures; the truth is, amongst a few good, there are abundance of Authors of other Climates, whose works, with whatsoever hard words they amaze their Readers, do the less concern us, as their Medicines do more properly agree with the constitutions of the bodies of their own Countries. The volumes of these foreign Doctors in the practical part of Physic, do so swell to no purpose, with such infinite variety of medicaments, that the practitioners are confounded, as not knowing amongst so many which of them to choose. Mr. Culpeper being truly sensible of this their error, made it his business not to puzzle his young Students with the multiplicity of Medicines, but only to select and set down such as are most proper, choice, and effectual against the disease, such as are generally esteemed, and frequently used, the most magisterial Receipts. To be brief, this work may be compared to the Rainbows diversity of colours, in respect of the variety of the Treatises it consists of, which cannot but render it the more acceptable to the people of the three Nations, as in so small a volume they have the whole body of Physic, which before in respect of the largeness of the size, was of such a price that the meaner sort of people were not able to purchase it; this work in the Abstract and Epitome comprehending whatsoever of any concernment hath formerly been printed; it being so entire and beholding only to itself, as to be free from whatsoever tautologies, impertinences, vain and frivolous repetitions, those larger Authors, to no purpose, have puzzled their Readers with; this work being of purpose contrived to save the charges of larger volumes; to use the Authors own words, It contains Homer's Illiads in a Nutshell; his honest intention being for the future to prevent those already mentioned inconveniences, which the poor have so long suffered under; that with the use of this book, and on occasion, their further recourse to the Doctor's Dispensatory, if they are at too great a distance from a charitable and deserving Physicians, upon sudden emergencies of necessity, they might be so readily furnished, as to help themselves, or be assistant to others. To conclude, Courteous Student, I shall in the fear of God request thee to make an honest use of these endeavours, to be careful, dilgent, and understanding in what thou undertakest; and in all thy undertake to crave a blessing from heaven, never failing to return hearty thanks to the Lord for what good soever thou receivest. For my own part, I desire not to be known, I am sufficiently concerned in the applause of my own conscience; I look not on any worldly repute to myself, but to the good of thousands of generations that shall follow: It is enough for me, that in the publishing of this Work, I have with sincerity and truth discharged the trust imposed in me, by our deceased friend. Farewell, read, and enjoy.  
Thine in all honest endeavours. R. W. Decemb. 15. 1658.   

The Nativity of Nicholas Culpeper, Student in Physic and Astrology, Calculated By JOHN GADBURY 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
TO wave the unnecessary Compliment of a Preface, the estimate Time of the Birth of this Eminent Artist, Mr. NICHOLAS CULPEPER, was Anno 1616. October 18. paulo post merediem, or, a little Afternoon. Which little, by my correction, I find to be 11. minutes only; and the place of the Sun at that time is 5° 23′ 32″ of ♏, as is evident by the Calculation thereof from the Tables in my Doctrines of Nativities lately published.  
Time given S. D. M. S. S. D. M. S. 1601 9 19 58 8 3 5 35 26 15 11 29 22 23 14 13 October 9 0 4 2 43 D. 18 17 44 30 3 M. 11 0 27  M. Lon. ☉ 7 7 9 30 3 5 50 25 Apog. S 3 5 50 25  Anomal. 7 1 19 5  Equat. S. 1 45 58  Ver. ☉ Loc. 7 5 23 32 ♏ 5 23 32  
The Places of the other Planets are taken from the Ephemerideses of David Origanus, and are thus in Longitude and Latitude.  
Long. Planetarum. Lat. Planetarum. ♄ 6 52 ♉ R. ♄ 3 0 South A. ♃ 26 28 ♐  ♃ 0 30 North D. ♂ 16 47 ♌  ♂ 0 57 North A. ♀ 13 14 ♏  ♀ 0 26 North D. ☿ 22 35  ☿ 1 30 South D. ☽ 21 8 ♊  ☽ 5 0 North D.  
The Figure is thus obtained  
Asc. Recta Solis 213 5 45 Asc. Recta Temporis 2 45 0 Ergo, Asc. R. Med. Coeli est 215 50 45 Add. 90.   Asc. Obliqua Ascendeniis est, 305 50 45  
The Ascensions of the principal Angles being thus obtained, I next seek for the Degrees and Minutes of the Ecliptic agreeing thereto.  
For the Mid-heaven, whose A.R. is 215° 50′ 45″  
Proxime Major 216 36 ♏ 9 A. R. 215 50 45 Minor 215 37 8 L. A. 215 37    0 59 1  0 13 45  
If 59′ gives 60′, what will 13′ 45″?  
Logarith. 13 45 936015 59′ 0 999271. Substr. Answer 14′ 15″ 936744.  
Which leaves the Cusp of the Mid-heaven ♏ 8° 14 25″  
For the Ascendent, whose Ob. Asdruball. is 305 50 45 And the Elevation of the Pole 51° 32′  Proxime Major 306 26 ♑ 3 A. O. 305 50 45 Minor 305 23 2 L. A. 305 23    1 3  1  0 27 45  
If 1° 3′ gives 60′ what 27′ 45″?  
Logarith. 0 27 45 966511 1 3 0 1002120 Substr. Answer 0 26 25 964391  
Therefore the Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds of the Ascendent, are ♑ 2° 26 25″ The The Cusps of the Succedent and Cadent Houses are obtained true enough by the Domifying Table.  
The Figure follows.  
Saturn Strong by 3 Testimonies. Jupiter Strong 9 Mars Strong 8 Sol Strong 6 Venus Weak 1 Mercury Strong 16 Luna Weak 1  

A General Judgement on this Figure.  
THe Sign Ascending the Horoscope is ♑ a Sign of Brevity, 
His Stature, Form, and Shape.  and ♄ Lord of the Ascendent is in ♉ a sign of Brevity also, and the ☽ Moon in the sixth house decreasing in light, all which are arguments of a middle stature, and somewhat a spare lean body, complexion darkish, or swarthy, hair dark brown, visage more long then round, eyes quick and piercing, etc. And the person of this Native was exactly such: And he was also full of agility, very active and nimble, which I presume was occasioned by the Moon's position in the house of ☿ in ⚹ to ♂ and ♄ in the house of ♀ having South-latitude.  
His Temperature, 
Temp●ture.  according to Astrologers, should be Melancholy, Chollerique, as is plain by an earthy sign ascending, and ♄ position in an earthy sign also, and ☽ being among martial fixed Stars, and Stars of the same nature in the Ascendent, are very strong testimonies of Choler prevailing over this Native: but the greatest argument of Choler predominating, I take to be the Sun's reception with Mars, from violent signs, which seems to signify that Choler should overpower the humour of Melancholy, notwithstanding an earthy Sign Ascending, etc.  
He was indeed of such a temperature, I remembered to have heard him confess, that Melancholy was an extraordinary enemy unto him; so great at sometimes, that wanting company he would seem like a dead man; and at other times would his Choler macerate him very strangely, yea, more oft then the distemper of Melancholy.  

His Understanding.  Mercury the Patron of ingenuity, etc. is the most potent Planet in the Figure, and he being in ♏ the house of ♂ and so near the Benign Beams of ♀, argued the Native to be of an excellent wit, sharp fancy, admirable conception, and of an active understanding.  
For proof of this, let his many worthy Works now extant be summoned to give in evidence, viz (1.) His translation of the Dispensatory, so tightly done. (2.) His English Physician; a work of such rarety, that never any Herbarist before him durst adventure to do. (3.) His Astrological judgement of Diseases from Avenezra and Durret, in which he hath so ingeniously followed the text of his Authors, that if any copies may be presumed or thought to improve, or excel their originals, this very book of his doth so. And besides these, he hath published divers others, as his last Legacy, of admirable worth, truly his own.  
He was very eloquent, a good Orator, spoke both freely and fluently. And if I shall speak the truth in all parts, he was very conceited and full of jests, as the □ of ♂ and ☿ aptly denotes; but the knack of jesting was so inseparable to him, that in his writing things of most serious concernment, he would mingle matters of Levity, and extremely please himself in so doing, as is evident in all his writings; but the Poet's excuse is sufficient.  
Quaedam cum prima recensentur crimina barba,  
Indulge veniam Pueris.—  
Some faults with our first beards are shaved away,  
And youth (if any) pardon merit may.  
The fixed Sign ♒ is on the Cusp of the second house, 
His Estate.  and the ☽ and ♃ casting their friendly rays thither, and the ♌ in the house of ♃, viz. ♓ intercepted; there are testimonies of a competent fortune, naturally according to Haly, Bonatus, etc.  
— Sed quae praeclara prospera tami●,  
 rebus laetis par sit mensurd malorum?  
But what can all the hopes of wealth him skill,  
That's balanced by as many threats of ill?  
The Lord of the second is Retrograde upon the Cusp of the fourth in □ to the second house, and ♀ his dispositrix combust in □ of ♂, and in □ to the second also, which plainly portends a consumption of Riches, and a destruction of what patrimony should descend unto him from his Parents. And ♂ afflicting ☿ pars fortunae, in an obscure house of the Heavens, and ☉ Lord thereof in ☍ of ♄, caused him to squander away his estate both carelessly and negligently, and sometimes by reason of restraint or imprisonment.  
It is most true, that he was always subject to a Consumption of the Purse, notwithstanding the many ways he had to assist him. His Patrimony was also chief consumed at the University. Indeed he had a spirit so far above the vulgar, that he contemned and scorned riches, any other way, then to make them serviceable to him; he was as free of his Purse as his Pen; valued not how little he left himself of either, so he obtained his end of doing good to others. I could parallel this his Generosity with Arguments of the same stamp, from some Genitures very eminent, but I am confined. I shall close my discourse of his estate with this— Had not he had Caput Draconis in the second, he would have been perpetually poor: for the arguments of Poverty in his Radix are such, that had he been born to Croesus' estate, it would have pleased him better to have exchanged it for that of Diogenes.  
The third House hath signification of Kindred in general, and short Journeys; 
Kindred, and short journeys.  and ♂ Lord thereof in ♌ in the eighth House, the most unfortunate place of the whole Heavens: as saith Ludovicus de Regiis,— Nulla divisio Circuli tunc pessima, tamque crudelis in omnibus, quam octava est. And he being there in □ of four Planets, viz. ☉ ♀ ♄ and ☿, is an argument of great infortunacy to the Native from his Kindred, and indeed no great happiness to him in his Inland Journeys. Besides ♈ being on the third, and ♂ in a sterile Sign, portends very few, or no Brethren or Sisters to the Native; and in this case the fewer the better.  
It would be too tedious to make repetition of the many misfortunes this Native hath suffered by his Kindred, and the perils and dangers he hath escaped in travelling or going short Journeys. It is confirming enough of the Art, that he never gained good by either. Nor had he ever any Brethren, etc.  
Saturn the general significator of Fathers, 
Parents, etc.  and Venus the particular in this Nativity, are in opposition, and ♂ the Lord of the tenth in □ to both, and that from fixed signs, together with Venus her being combust, all which clearly denote, that the Parents of this Native shall die before him: but had they lived, I cannot see in Art how he should have been bettered by them, their significators are so squaring and opposing his. He hath often averred, that his Father, according to report, died before he was born, and his Mother lived till the twenty third year of his age; and he acknowledged also that they did leave him well, but he was cheated thereof, or at least spent the greatest part of it.  
Luna Lady of the seventh in a double bodied Sign, might seem to denote two Wives, 
Wife a● Children.  but ♀ a general significatrix of Wives, being combust, and in evil Aspects of the Infortune's, seems to contradict it; and that so strongly, that did she not cast a friendly beam to the Ascendent, and another to the Seventh, he would hardly have ever married; but that is an argument that once he should.  
Venus' being Governess of the fifth House, and in ♏ a fruitful Sign, irradiating both the Ascendant and Seventh, friendly signifies that the Native may have many Children; but Caput Medusae being upon the Cusp of the fifth, and ♀ Combust, and in ☍ to ♄ that enemy to Nature, and all natural existencies, and in □ of ♂ a Planet posited in the House of Death, presages that very few of them (if any) shall be long lived.  
This Native had but one Wife, (viz. Mrs. Alice Culpeper now living) and by her he had seven Children, (although himself died young) but they are all dead but one, which is a Daughter. The world may judge how chargeable the management of such transactions of his life were, he being a person so given up to his Studies, as never to take care for the future; his Wife, her industry being the best provider for his necessary affairs, which care of hers he requited in the admirable Secrets he left her.  
His Enemies both public and private, 
Enemy's public and private.  are signified by ♃ and ☽, but principally ♃, because he hath great dignities both in the twelfth and seventh Houses, ♂ also will have a share in signification of his enemies, because he is in △ of ♃, and ⚹ of ☽, and beholds the Lord of the Ascendent with a □. Now if the question be demanded what kind of persons these Planets signify, ♂ will signify Physicians, Apothecaries, etc. and ♃ Divines. And those two kinds of men and professions should be his most potent adversaries, both public and private, ♂ the most public.  
It is notoriously known, that his most public enemies were Physicians, and his most private ones Divines. The first hated him, and made their hatred public, for his discovering the use of Medicine in his mother tongue. The second did disgust him for his studying Astrology, but neither of them durst to enter the lists of dispute with him, albeit, I remember he hath made public challenges to some in Print, who pretended to fault his do. Whereby it appears, that the Doctors questioned not, or cavilled at the matter, but the manner of his writings. They were not simply sorry that such things were done, but that he that did them was not one of the College, a Brother of their Order. And the same may be said of his other sort of Enemies: but well said Juvenal, 
Refert ergo quis haec eadem parit, in Rutilo nam  
Luxuria est, in Ventidio landabile nomen;  
Sumit, & à censu famam trahit.—  
Much odds in men, doing the self same thing,  
Feasting in Rutilus is rioting:  
But in Ventidius bravo Munificence,  
And gains him honour by his great expense.   
The Saying needs no application; from his Enemies I will therefore descend to his Friends, 
Friends.   
And those should not be many, for ♂ Lord of the elventh in □ too four Planets, denotes the Natives Friends, or at least such as pretend friendship unto him, to be hypocritical and deceitful; and of such covetous reserves, that he shall seldom be bettered by them. His own acknowledgement was, that he had divers pretended friends, but he was rather prejudiced then bettered by them; and when he most stood in need of their friendship and assistance, than they most of all deceived him. But this was not to him alone, 'tis generally morbus mundi, the distemper of the whole world, like that of the Poet.  
Rari quippe bo●●i, numero vix sunt totidem, quot  
Thebarum portae, aut divitis ostia Nyli.  
So rare true friends, and such in number few,  
That scarce so many can be found below,  
As Gates of Thebes, or Ports of wealthy Nile.  
Origanus, Fol. 699 tells us, that the ☉ in the tenth house (as in this Nativity) is a certain Argument of honour and preferment, 
Honour and Preferment.  and ♀ a general significatrix of honour, being in the tenth, also portends the same, ☽ in ⚹ of ♂ and ☉ in reception with him, he being Lord of the tenth, are certain Arguments of Honour, Fame, and renown; and indeed had not ♄ who is dominus Ascendentis been in ☍ to ☉ the general significator of honour, etc. and in □ of ♂ the particular designed thereof in this Radix, the Native would have obtained a far higher degree of honour and preferment than he did; but he was an enemy to his own preferment; yet nevertheless he did in his latter part of his life increase very much in his Reputation, and his Honour and Fame, were generally taken notice of. If you would know by what means he should attain Fame and Credit, etc. ☽ being in ⚹ of ♂ Lord of the tenth, and ♀ Lady of the ninth, locally in the tenth, thence casting a ⚹ aspect to the Ascendent, and ☿ Lord of the sixth, there also, being the strongest Planet in the Figure. all which Arguments laid together, presage his Fame, and Honour, to come by studying Arts and Sciences; and that he should rise in the opinion of the world, chief thereby: but this not without some difficulty as ♂ his □ to ☿ aptly signifies. It is very well known that he gained his Honour by Arts and Sciences; but chief by Physic, in the knowledge of which he was most excellently skilled: and it was purely by that alone Study of Practice, that he hath left a name behind him, which will remain until time shall be no longer.  
The fiery Planet Mars in the eighth House in □ to ♄ Lord of the ascendent, 
What death he might die.  and three Planets more, seems to portend a violent death; but the ☉ being upon the Cusp of the Mid-heaven, near the body of ♀, and in reception with ♂ and ☽ in the sixth, in ⚹ to him also, takes off the edge of that suspicion, and abates much of the fury of ♂, and seems rather to portend the Native to die of a Consumption, or by a decay of natural strength at the heart, (♂ is in ♌.)  
I have heard it credibly reported by some that were with him at the time of his death, and constantly in his sickness, that he died of a Consumption which had been long upon him; and much means, (and that of the better sort) was used to enervate it, but it still prevailed upon him, wasting and, consuming him by degrees, until it reduced him to a very Sceleton, or Anatomy; and afterwards, viz. on Monday the tenth of January 1653/4 released him, and gave him his passport to a better world. The ☽ than being in □ to the Radical place of ♂ and ☉ in □ to his own, and to the place of ♄ in his Nativity, ♄ and ♃ being then in a direct opposition.  
Nor was it truly reported, that some Physicians designed his death, by setting their engines at work to poison, him. I do believe they were enemies great enough unto him; yet I am confident, by this report, they are egregiously scandalised, it being customary for ill-will to speak the worst.   

The Accidents by which this Nativity was verified, are these.  

1634.  Aged eighten years he went to the University, ☉ to the body of ☿ and the Ascendent near the ⚹ of the same Promitter, by direction caused that. He being bred up a Scholar, and fitted for the University in his younger years, upon the M. C. add ☌ ☿ and ☽ add △ ♀.  

1640.  Aged twenty four years, began to study Physic, the ☽ being then directed to the △ of ☿ her dispositer in the Radix.  

1643.  Aged twenty seven years, he then went for a Soldier, and was wounded by a small shot over the forepart of the body, which he never recovered of till his dying day; and then the Ascendent to the □ of ☉, and presently after the □ of ♄ by Direction. Directions of so evil Tendency and Import, that, might very well have ruined a King.  

1653/4.  Aged thirty eight years, he died. The Ascendent coming to an ☍ of ♂ with Latitude. The revolution itself being the same with that of the Radix, ♄ passing by the Radical place of ♂ and ♂ upon the Ascendent, ☉ and ♃ in □ and ♃ upon the opposite place of ♂, and in □ to ♃ place also; which ill revolution agreeing with an ill Direction, necessarily portended Death.  

Tempus edax rerum, nos terit omnia tempus,  
Nos terimus tempus, jam sumus ergo pares.  
Thus time devours all, and doth all waste,  
And we waste time, and so we're even at last.     

The LIFE of the admired PHYSICIAN and ginger of our Times, Mr. Nicholas Culpeper.  
IN the County of Kent, a place eminently famous for Loyalty to Superiors, Nicholas Culpeper was born the eighteenth of October, 1616. he was the Son of Nicholas Culpeper, a Reverend Divine, son to Sir Thomas Culpeper Knight and Baronet; his Mother was the Daughter of Mr. William Attersol Minister of Isfield in the County of Sussex; this worthy Divine did write that learned Commentary on the Book of Numbers, with other excellent Works. Ncholas Culpeper the younger was educated at a Free-school in Sussex, at the cost and charges of his Mother, (for his Father died a month before he was born) he was a most eminently pious Minister, and much reverenced for his virtuous Qualities by all that rightly knew him, who were truly afflicted that his worthy Father did not live to bring him up, since he left no other Children behind him. After her Husband's decease, Mrs. Culpeper his mother, took such care for his education, that she spent four hundred pounds on her said Son, for his Diet, Schooling, and his being at the University of Cambridge, where he continued some years, profited in all manner of Learning, and gained the applause of the University whilst he remained there. One of the first Diversions that he had amongst some other smaller transactions and changes, none of his Life proving more unfortunate, was, that he had engaged himself in the Love of a Beautiful Lady; I shall not name her for some reasons; her Father was reported to be one of the noblest and wealthiest in Sussex. This fair Lady after many generous treatments, as Mr. Culpeper might clearly perceive, entertained the Tenders of his service, so far as to requite him with her entire and sincere Affections; and though the strictness of Parents have often too severe eyes over their Children, yet where hearts are once united, Lovers use to break through all difficulties. The riches of the Lady, (which might have enchanted inferior spirits) in respect of the virtuous inclinations of her Mind and Person, had no power over him, so that like a true Lover, the Language of his Eyes and his Heart were the same, insomuch that the languishing sincerities of these suffering Inamorato's, put them to the extremity of the determination, some way to set a period to their Martyrdoms. Mr. Culpeper having then supplied himself with two hundred pounds from his Mother, during his abode at Cambridge, his Fair Mistress and he by Letters and otherwise, plotted secretly with the assistance of a Gentlewoman that waited on her, to pack up such Rich Jewels, and other necessaries as might best appertain to a Journey, and so secretly to make their escape near to Lewis in Sussex, where they intended to Marry; and afterwards for a season to live privately till the incensed Parents were pacified; but this happiness was denied them by the Malevolence of Mars, and some other envious Planets, as you shall find in his Nativity. Not to vex the expectation of the Reader any longer, but rather to epitomise so sad a story, Mr. Culpeper hastes from Cambridge, his Mistress with those that she durst trust, were gone part of their way to meet him at the appointed place; but it pleased the great disposer of terrene affairs to order it otherwise; the Lady and her servants being suddenly surprised with a dreadful storm, with fearful claps of Thunder, surrounded with flames of Fire and flashes of Lightning, with some of which Mr. Culpepers fair Mistress was so stricken; that she immediately fell down dead, exchanging of this life for a better; her Marriage on earth for one in heaven. When the Lady was stripped, all the marks that could be found on her fair body, was only a blue spot on her right side about the breadth of ones hand. The news of this sad accident met Mr. Culpeper as he journed towards his dead to him, but otherwise a 〈◊〉 living Saint. At the instant when this direful 〈◊〉 chance befell him, Sir Nicholas Astey his intimate acquaintance passing by, chanced to be an eye-witness of this sad disaster, who used the best Rhetoric he had to comfort him in this his affliction; he took him up in his Coach, and conveyed him to his Mother, who not expecting then to have seen him, received him with a great deal of joy, till being so truly sensible of his sorrows; she for that cause left that County, and afterwards fell into a fit of sickness which she was never rid of till her dying day.  
It is impossible to express the sorrow of so true a lover as Mr. Culpeper was, the strangeness of this misfortune being enough to shake the strongest resolutions of the most established person of the world; I shall only acquaint the Reader with what I have heard of his best friends, that when that he was serious even to entertain the deepest Melancholy that his frailty could suffer on earth, that then he would discourse at large the sad fate of his unfortunate Mistress. This Lady on whom this unhappy accident fell, had two thousand pounds in personal estate, and five hundred pounds a year; the loss of this Jewel which Mr. Culpeper valued above all worldly considerations, cast him into so deep a Melancholy, that he left the University of Cambridge; so that it was high time for his Grandfather Mr. William Attersol whose care he was, to think of some seasonable way to divert this his extraordinary distemper; and the rather, for that he perceived contrary to his intention, that Mr. Culpeper bent his inclinations from the time that he was but ten Years of Age, to those as he conceived unprofitable (if not unlawful studies) of Astrology and occult Philosophy, which how they are resented still by some Divines and other Zealous persons, the world is too well acquainted. Mr. Attersol had formerly used his best Arguments, though to no purpose to persuade him to embrace the Ministerial function, with an intention as it was supposed after his Decease to have settled his estate on him; which since he would not hearken too, he divided four hundred pounds a year amongst the rest of his grandchildren, and left him but a Legacy of forty shillings, which was paid him by the two Executors at Nathaniel Brook his shop at the Angel in Cornhill. This small sum he received with a smile, and said, He had courted two Mistresses that had cost him very dear, but it was not the wealth of Kingdoms should buy them from him. The truth is, there are some Zealots that without any colour call Astrology itself the Black Art, count all Circles above th●● Sphere to be conjuring, as Mr. Culpeper used to say, If such kind of people cannot fly up to Heaven to render Astrology a miracle, they will fetch it from Hell to make it Magic, though it may be well enough performed by natural causes. To proceed, Mr. Attersol with the advice of his friends, consulted how to dispose of Mr. Culpeper, which was to send him to London, where they placed him with Mr. White an Apothecary near Temple Bar, to whom they gave with him fifty pounds; he having not been with him above a year and a half, Mr. White failed, his necessities compelling him to go into Ireland with the loss of Mr. Culpepers' money, which caused his friends afterwards to bestow him with Mr. Drake an Apothecary in Thredneedle-street, where being himself excellent in the Latin, he taught Mr. Drake that Tongue in less than a year and a half. Not long after this, his other friend died; he still remained with Mr. Samuel Leadbeaters, who formerly lived with him; and afterwards took his Master's shop within Bishopsgate, where for some space of time he studied Physic. In which application of his, he shown a great deal of wisdom to choose a Profession, according to his own disposition, and inclination, the strongest Indenture to bind a man to the happiness of a noble and successful enterprise. Before I shall further discourse his story, it will not be impertinent to acquaint the World with some observations, that those that were most familiar with him intimated to me, (with some others that I gleaned from him) concerning his Physical Practice; in his addresses to his Patients, he was not as some are, so arrogant to warrant their recovery: his usual advice was to bid them trust in God, and seek to him for a Blessing. He was none of those that used to put confidence in the single testimony of the Water, which as he used to say, Drawn from the Urine, is as brittle as the Urinal; the Water running sometimes in such post haste through the sick man's body, that there is no account to be given of it, though the most judicious person examine it; for the sick man may be in the state of death, though life appear in the Urinal. To the poor he prescribed cheap, but wholesome Medicines; not removing, as many in our times do, the Consumption out of their bodies into their purses; not sending them to the East-Indies for Drugs, when they may fetch better out of their own Gardens. Those that knew him rightly affirm that he was so Charitable to his poor Countrymen, that the money that he received from rich persons, he spread upon the waters, laid it forth for the good of those that were in want, though through his Charity he was sometimes necessitated: he would not participate of any thing from the meaner sort of people, he only desired their prayers. I have heard those that rightly knew him say, that when he might have had a large sum to have gone to a rich person, he rather chose to go to one of his poor neighbours that hath been sick, where he hath given away his Physic; which some of his friends wondering at, he hath ●aid, His conscience would not suffer him to do otherwise▪ the Rich could not want help for their 〈◊〉, but the Poor must perish if his Charity did 〈◊〉 relieve them.  
As he was an Apothecary formerly himself, so he discerned the errors of Apothecaries, and was therefore an Apothecary to himself, and others. He used not to handsel his experiments, letting lose as some do their mad Receipts into sick men's bodies, to try how well Nature can ●●ght ●gainst them, as one writes, whilst they stand by and see the Battle, except it were in desperate cases, when death must be expelled; and when he could keep life no longer, he made an easy passage for it to go out, (as his Book of the Astrological judgement of Diseases) where he unites Astrology to Physic, as they concern the decumbiture of the sick, doth sufficiently discover to the World; not like an Emprick, who being guilty neither of Greek, nor Latin, of writing well, or spelling true English, being asked why it was called a Hectic Fever, answered because of a Hecking Cough that attended the disease; yet this imposture is an imagined Aesculapius, so as to tyrannise over the purses and bodies of thousands, having as many fools to wait his leisure, as the late learned Senertus was reported to have had sometimes two hundred Patients in a morning. But removing this block out of the way, it is also to be observed of him, that he was never too Rigid 〈◊〉 prescribing of his Diet for the sick, and y●● 〈◊〉 man in his time did stranger cures, so far a 〈◊〉 only to cure men, but to cure the Art of ●●ring of men; to reform Physic itself, as many of learnedst of the College of Physicians ha●● freely expressed; one of them being disposed to speak truth of him, said, That he was not only for Galen and Hypocrates, but he knew how 〈◊〉 correct and moderate the tyrannies of Paracellus. The best Chemists that could fix Quicksilver, search into the depths of that Art, claimed him, which experiments in this Volume do admirably manifest. As some of the learned were pleased to spend their verdicts either well or ill on him, so he hath not been much behind hand with them. I have heard him say, that the Doctors were Learned, well furnished with general notions in Physic, but there were some tried Receipts in the hands of private persons they could never arrive to; which if they had, they were now honoured sufficiently, than they would have been worshipped like Gods. And sometimes in jest, as his custom was, he used to say, That there were a certain sort of Physicians that were like the Bishops; they had the Keys of Binding and Losing, and nothing else.  
To wave what might further be said of Mr. Culpeper's Practice, I shall end with this, that by his ingenuity and industry he got the love and applause of all people; in so high an esteem he was, that he had gained the general repute of the three Kingdoms; insomuch, that though he was courted by his friends to alter the condition of his single life, he would admit of no such proffers, till like a skilful ginger he had fixed his eyes upon the Firmament, where Venus the Star of his own Affections governed, surrendering all the powers and faculties of his soul to the virtues and beauty of Mrs. Alice Field, the daughter of Mr. John Field and Alice his Wife, kinswoman of Mr. Simon Barckstead, an eminent Gentleman, owing two and twenty Lordships, free estate; whom it was his happiness afterwards to espouse at fifteen years of age: a Gentlewoman, who as she was of a good extraction, so also, besides her richer qualities, her admirable discretion, and excellent breeding, she brought him a considerable fortune: By her he had seven Children, whereof Mrs. Mary was his fourth, now living with her Mother in Spitttle-fields, the true picture of her Father. Mrs. Culpeper while she continued in that blessed state of Matrimony fourteen years with him, she so wisely demeaned herself, as never to entrench on his prerogative, not in the least to disturb his studies; she only sought to maintain her own propriety in domestic Feminine Affairs; so that she was all his time a Wife at her own disposing, enfranchised, freeborn from her Wedding-day. Neither while Mr. Culpeper was in health, did he go about to keep her in the wholesome ignorance of such unnecessary Secrets, (as some suppose them) but that by her discreet observation of his practice, she hath got the start of most of her Sex now living, insomuch, as since his death, to be in no less esteem for her practice, than some of the other gender that boast of their lesser knowledge. It was Mr. Culpepers usual expression in the time of his health, that though he could not do for her as she deserved, that he should nevertheless leave her a competent estate, (meaning that he should enrich her with some Secrets of his Practice) which she hath since in the Aurum Potabile, and other rare Secrets, found happily verified to her own expectation. When Mr. Culpeper began first to decline in his health, he endeavoured to sequester himself from the throng of the people; he strove for a season to obscure his own name, which he found to be a most impossible task; for being so long time laborious in his studies, and having particular tried Receipts, by which he had formerly done most admirable cures, he was past all concealment. He being then so unexpectedly taken notice of, as to be put upon the Translation of the Doctor's Dispensatory; to his great assistance, and more happy accommodation, he had for some time together a most ingenious Mannuensis, one Mr. William Ryves. After the Dispensatory he writ several experienced Treatises amongst others inestimable Aphorisms, some of them not much inferior to those of Hypocrates. It is not to be omitted, that amongst other eminent Authors of our times, he had the fate to suffer under some works which he is likely to own to posterity; some whereof are honourable injuries, at which if he were now alive, he would be the less incensed, if the more particular ingratitude of the person whom he deserved so much from, had not been only showed to him in his life-time, but so, as after his death to asperse a genuine Work of his, entitled, His Legacies. It will be needless to mention other particulars, what disguises and false pretences, for his self-interest, this person hath been forced to make use of. To proceed.  
I shall pass by Mr. Culpeper's fight of a Duel, for which he was forced to fly into France, remaining there a quarter of a year till the cure was perfected at his own expenses; as also his taking up of Arms, and some other cross transactions of his life; I refer those that are Artists to the consideration of the beforenamed Scheme of his Nativity Calculated by that learned and admirable proficient in Astrology. Mr. John Gadbury, wherein they may find in the Epitome, what I have hitherto more largely insisted on.  
For thy more pleasant diversion. Courteous Reader, I shall but only touch lightly upon the nobleness of his disposition; if it had been in case of a Patient's necessity, nothing should obstruct, he would go all weathers; but if it had been only for an Astrological question in resolving, of which he was excellent, except it were to pleasure a special friend. He chose rather to walk abroad for therecreation of his tired spirits, then to tarry at home, and to get what he pleased to demand; he hath had forty that waited on him in a morning, whom he sent all away with the same answer: insomuch that one of the most eminent of the three Nations, in Astrological and Physical knowledge, now living in the Country, than altogether unknown to Mr. Culpeper hearing of his humour, came to town of purpose to try him; he had no sooner after he had knocked entered the Parlour, but Mr. Culpeper was got half way on the stairs, and asked him bluntly, as his manner was, what he would have. The Doctor told him that he had come some miles to be resolved of an Astrological question, and that he would be very grateful to him; before he could almost speak these words, Mr. Culpeper turning himself round to go up stairs, told him that he would have nothing to do with his question. Yes, but you would, replied the Doctor, and laughed, if you knew what it were. What it were, says Mr. Culpeper! Why, what is it? Says the Doctor, Whether you will go to the Tavern and drink a glass of Sack. I'll resolve you that question presently, says Mr Culpeper, takes his Cloak, and immediately goes with him; in such an humour his friend might demand of him what he pleased, and never fail of an ingenuous and civil satisfaction. When Mr. Culpeper's sickness stole upon him, as he was naturally consumptive for some years together; he was so truly sensible of his declination, as that he was often heard to say, that Tobaco was the greatest enemy he had to his health, but he was too much accustomed to it, to leave it. What Sir Theodore Mayern affirmed of the bad French-Wine, which he drank but a moderate quantity of at the Guilded-Lyon in the Strand, that it had killed him, as within few days afterwards was found too true, might be as certainly said of the destructive Tobaco Mr. Culpeper too excessively took; which by degrees: first deprived him of his Stomach, and after other evil effects, in process of time, was one of the chiefest hastners of his death.  
Mr. Culpeper, as hath been declared, for a long time perceiving his Sickness to increase more strongly upon him, though he had held out the Siege with his most studious endeavours to assist Nature with his best Art; yet still finding as he made good one place to repair it, there was still a Breach reinforced in another, Battery upon Battery. Seeing no remedy but that he must yield to the tyranny of the common Enemy, the Outworks being already taken in; though he knew with what inexpressible sorrow his Wife must be afflicted to hear that doleful news, that till then he had concealed from her: but finding the approaches and infallible pangs of Death to have already seized on him, taking her by the hand, as she stood by the Bedside in a most disconsolate condition, he breathed forth these his last Words to her: Dearest, be not troubled, my peace I have already made with my God; I am now going out of this miserable Life, to receive a Crown of Immortality, after our so long continuance together, as Heaven hath thought fit, we must for the present part. At these words, Mrs. Culpeper being in a great agony, at last recollecting of herself, said, Sweetheart, how canst thou be so cheerful when grim Death looks thee in the face? He endeavouring to raise himself a little higher, said, My dearest Girl, (an expression he generally used) Live as I have done, and then thou wilt Die as I do: for now I speak it, when it is no time to dissemble, In the presence of God and his Angels, I did by all persons, as I would they should do by me: I was always just in my Practice: I never gave a Patient two Medicines when one would serve the turn. Farewell my Dearest, I am spent. And so he exchanged this Life for a better. Not to take notice of such Reports as attend persons that are usually envied for their eminent worth, the excess of my grief not suffering me to enlarge myself; I shall only write, to the great loss and affliction of all young Practitioners, as also of the most learned Students in the Arts and Sciences, he exchanged this life for a more blessed. He died in his own house in Spittle-Fields the tenth day of January in 1653/4 in the thirty eighth year of his Age. He was buried in the New Churchyard of Bethelem, where he desired to lie. Thus in the strength and flower of his Age he departed this Life; who if he had lived but a few years longer, Christendom had been filled with his Fame: he being for his general worth to be numbered amongst the best Philosophers of his time. His learned friend Dr. Lawford in remembrance of him, caused this Elegaick Acrostic to attend the Solemnity of his Funeral Scutcheons.  

NO prosperous Star doth beam its influence here  
IN our Horizon, lo a prodigious Sphere  
COvered with blackness; for our rising Sun  
HEld not the Circuit till it was high Noon,  
O Recast with sables, Cynthia now thy face  
LOoks pale with sorrow, he hath run his race:  
APollo's Sun's eclipsed, till JAH that gave  
SAlvation, calls him from the darkened Grave.   

CAn Eyes but weep, when Marbles sweat forth  
UNto his Funeral, and in black appears.  
LO now the Heavens do mourn in Clouds, and be tears  
PVrled with Crystal at his obsequy.  
EVen now the Astral Science seems to weep,  
Physic lies panting at his humbled feet;  
EArth reels about most slowly, for her Son  
REturns unto his Mother before Moon.   
As Mr. CULPEPER deserved a Monument to have perpetuated his memory to posterity; so this Epitaph, which one writ on him, might have been fitly engraven on it.   

The Epitaph.  
Here lies the Doctor's great envy and wonder,  
Toth' Empirics an awful clap of Thunder.  
Whom he stripped and whipped, for wise men hereafter,  
To make them the scorn and scene of their laughter.  
To their joy sleeps here our three Kingdoms sorrow,  
Till the Resurrection bids him, Good morrow.   

The Character.  
MR. Culpeper was in his Deportment gentle, pleasing, and courteous. His Complexion darkish and swarthy. His Visage rather long then round. Of a Presence not so beautiful as amiable. His Hair black and somewhat curling. His Eyes piercing. His Body a little above a medium, tending to tallness. Of a spare lean Constitution. In his Apparel not exceeding the moderation of one of his degree. Somewhat careless. He was of a clear and established Judgement. Of an eloquent and good Utterance. Of a quick Spirit, full of swift Thoughts and mounting. Of a sparkling ready Wit, a Gift which doth not always speak men Fortunate. He was sometimes too much overtaken with deep Speculations, though Melancholy was somewhat contrary to his nature; whatsoever he said otherwise of himself: so that it may rather be imputed to the Crosses of his Life, then to his own disposition. His Health was often disturbed with a dust Choler. Of Religion he had a greater share than most Physicians use to have; he had so much Zeal as to hate Superstition, and was no friend to Episcopal Innovations. In his Counsels he was judicious; of a nimble Apprehension, with little difficulty in his Dispatches. He was a person of so ready a mind, that he could more learnedly and suddenly dictate his Papers for the Press, than some that do take of the Lamp and the Oil more studiously to contrive them. When he traveled in Discourse concerning a Patient's Disease, his understanding cleared all doubts; neither was it so dark or cloudy as some Practitioners are, who still create new scruples, for he had the luck (for ●he most part) to look directly on Truth. He was too freehearted, (if not inclining to Prodigality) they are the words in the Calculation of ●is Nativity, Saturn Lord of the Cusp of the se●ond House Retrograde, near the fourth, made him quickly dispatch a great part of his Estate as soon almost as he received it: verifying his own usual Expression, That the World was made for him to read on, he would not stoop to fill his pockets with 〈◊〉. His Nature was both noble and honest. He ●as an excellent Companion, and for the most ●art of a merry temper. His mirth, as he was used to say when he was far spent in his sickness, ●as the best Cordial he had left against the Consumption of his Spirits. He was a despiser of the World. A man confident, not jealous of his Fortunes, which the better enabled him to bear his misfortunes. Not to instance his return home wounded in the Year 1643. his wrongful Imprisonment, all which he endured with as much patience, as if he had continually met with good Successes: He had not only thus practised Seneca, but outstripped the Philosopher. As he was so far from Covetousness that he cared not who was his Purse-bearer, so long as that he wanted not for necessary expenses, he durst trust God's Providence with the rest: his Mind was surprised with higher mysteries then to stoop to such worldly trifles. He was a person that by his Art had such a foresight of the changes of the Times, that few Events seemed new to him; as he was long before (by his Astrological skill) acquainted with them. He was another Tych● Brache for his knowledge of the future Affairs of State. So that though he was an ginger, a Physician, a great searcher into the Secrets o● Nature, and a true lover of the Arts; yet such was his modesty, that though he knew so much, and seldom failed to convince the most obstinate Opinionist, yet he never would, except on some extraordinary occasion, put himself forward; insomuch, that he made good that saying, He whose own Worth doth speak him, needs not speak▪ his own Worth testifies enough of him. He had no● many Books, but those that he had were wel● selected. He was none of those that persuaded the World he was Learned, by the getting together of a great Library; his Memory was his Vatican. One could not say of him, Salvete libri sine Doctore. To be brief, though he was always acceptable to such Friends as rightly knew him, yet they could not but be a more than ordinary disturbance to him. Certainly he spent his younger years in most laborious Studies, otherwise the crowds of his acquaintance could not but impede, if not obscure the serene Ideas of his Mind. To conclude, he was a better Physician to others then to himself. What one of our Modern Poets alludes to, in another sense, was verified on him.  

When God cuts short the thread of Life,  
One's dearest Friends shall bring the Knife.    

On the Famous and most Renowned Physician and ginger, Mr. Nicholas Culpeper, lately deceased.  
TO illustrate or blazon forth the deceased Authors immortal Name, or to render him his due Praises, transcends the reach of inferior capacities; his universal and experimented Knowledge in Nature's deepest Arcana being such, that it may be discreetly affirmed, That Nature was wholly unvailed to him. For unquestionably, if he had not received the Benediction of Celestial Illumination, it must have been altogether contrary to humane Reason, that he could have arrived in so few years, to so superlative a Judgement; his so well known Parts being such as not only to cause our three Kingdoms, but also Foreign Countries, to admire both him and his Works. This his last Volume, which when I remained in his House, the greatest part of I had the happiness from his corrected Papers to transcribe. Mr. Culpeper finding himself ready to leave the World, entrusted it in the several Manuscripts, in the hands of his assured Friends, who preserved them, and looked to the faithful Publishing of them from the Press, by Mr. Nathaniel Brook, whom the Author designed as truly worthy of them; they are now perfectly Printed, as to answer the so long and earnest expectation of them. As touching this Work, there needs no more to be said of it, but that the Judicious will clearly perceive, that Mr. Culpeper hath throughout the whole entire body of it, not only corrected, but fully supplied the Defects and Failings of most of the Doctors of these times. What his Abilities were to perform such high undertake, not only this, but his other Works in Astrology, Chirurgery, Physic, and other Arts and Sciences, have already so far testified, as to be above the censures of the exactest Critics now living. Let it suffice, that his well-affected and earnest desire of the Public Benefit was such, that had God given him a longer term of years, after Ages would have acknowledged him their Great Informer. Either to praise his Translation of the Doctor's Dispensatory; his Judgement of Diseases; or his contexture of them all in this School of Physic, is to as little purpose, as (according to the old saying) to light a candle to the Sun. It is enough, and above all other commendations, that this Work, by such a cloud of Witnesses, is so truly and really attested his own. As for myself, I am so obliged, as that I can do no otherwise, then gratefully confess, that in the time of my relation to him, I received more Knowledge and Light from him, then from all the Conversation I have since had either of Books or Men.  
His quondam Servant, W. Ryves. Queens-street, Novemb. 15. 1658.   

To Mr. Nicholas Culpeper on his School of Physic.  
WE need not now seek sudden Remedies,  
From a quick Poison, or a Precipice;  
Art's so improved, and that made easy now,  
Which for man's Life required a holy Vow:  
Nothing's impossible, this Doctor can  
Heal not the Body only, but the Man.  
This Book's both Charm and Medicine, I can bear  
My Antidote about me every where.  
Is there a new Disease, we soon may know  
What for to name't; this to thy School we own,  
Not to our Empirics, who out of shame,  
Think slightly of it, if an easy Name.  
Here's Catalogues of Cures though manifold,  
As Grammar Dialect wrought without Gold,  
Into a sudden Health so cheated, we  
Acknowledge a new Life to spring from thee.  
Our Physic Errors by thy English Press,  
As we more understand, so are made less.  
Apollo's mortal once again, and he  
Reading thy Book, dares Death's worst injury.  
J. Blagrave.   

To Mr. NICHOLAS CULPEPER, on his Admirable Cures.  
SAfe Lord of Arts, I'll not dare to profane  
The nerves & marrow of thy weight and strain,  
Who sound'st the depth of Authors, and couldst tell,  
Where such a one did write, or not write well?  
Where they did err, or not, in the sad cure:  
How we should ease or martyrdoms endure.  
So many Drams of Reason made thy Skill,  
That thou knewest how they saved, how they did kill.  
Thus thou wert just to others, for whom we  
Retribute back what Ttruth must fame of thee:  
That thou to us victorious Cures of Art,  
With such small tyranny didst so impart;  
That we our humane Frailties have forsaken,  
Thou curedst us then without, now with thy Book.  
E. Cook.   

Wholesome Advice to unskilful presumptuous Practitioners, diligently to peruse this Book.  
YOu who in your Profession think't not sin  
To outgo Galens sober discipline;  
Would bind the liberal Arts, force them to come  
Within the compass of your fatal doom.  
In your Empiric Does confident grown  
To cure; God bless us from the Potion.  
As trees embrace by a strange sympathy,  
By chance not Art, you cannot tell us why;  
Still so confirmed in your most direful trade,  
That where you cannot murder, you'll invade.  
Hence, hence Impostors, dare not to apply  
Your ignorant stamps to this rare faculty;  
But as your own Defamers courted be  
By your reforming Garters to your fee:  
Or else be racked and tortured till you do  
Send for th' Physician, and adore him too;  
Or be arraigned at th' Sessions, and there look  
For nought but death, till that you read this Book  
Crossing the Proverb, Learn so in this School,  
To rise up Doctors, no more Knave or Fool.  
T. Sadler.   

To Mr. NICHOLAS CULPEPER, on his descension to the understandings of his honest plain Countrymen, in this Treatise of his, entitled, The School of Physic.  
NOthing here sours our looks, no such strange phrase,  
That might perplex us worse than a Disease;  
There's no sad Pill disguised, for to woe  
Our Palates to, what Art ought not to owe;  
Nor no new terms of Notion, here the stile  
Is not prescribed, tastes not o'th' Shop or File:  
These Grains and Scruples grate no tender ear,  
No Opiates nor Gargarisms here;  
No such harsh strained Medicines, that we  
Can ne'er find out with all our industry.  
Thy brighter Genius, Culpeper, was such,  
Thou thoughtst we could not understand too much.  
So clear thy Elegancies are, we might  
Doubt, if thou wert Physician, didst so write.  
W. Brugis.   

To Mr. NICHOLAS CULPEPER, on his Cheap and Charitable Cures.  
AMongst some, Charity is slander, sure  
They're neither cheap nor speedy in their Cure.  
Health is the gift of Heaven, and so to us,  
They will have God alone propitious.  
Thus some Physicians the Ague turn  
Into a Fever, as they please we burn;  
Then frieze by fits, alas we cannot tell  
Without the Doctor's Gold how to be well:  
They turn Disease into Disease, till we  
Worship the Urinals, visit for the Fee.  
Whereas throughout the danger of thy Skill  
Thou didst retain God and Religion still.  
Our healths are owed unto thy Charity:  
Thou spent'st thyself for to do good; and we  
Have so our humane frailties now forsaken,  
To live to honour thee, and praise this BOOK.  
E. B.   

CULPEPER'S School of Physic, OR THE English Apothecary.  
A Treatise of the transcendent Sufficiency of our English HERBS, as they may be rightly used in Medicine.  
Being a brief exact Account of the chiefest Concernments of the whole HERBARY ART; as also of the Excellency of our English Home Physic.  
BY Nicholas Culpeper, Gent. Student in Physic and Astrology.  
LONDON, Printed for Nath. Brook, at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhill, 1659.   

CULPEPERS' School of Physic; OR The English Apothecary.  
A Treatise of the transcendent Sufficiency of our English Herbs, as they may be rightly used in Medicine.  
Being a brief exact Account of the chiefest Concernments of the whole Herbary Art; as also of the Excellency of our English Home Physic.  
Courteous Student,  
WHat can be more pleasant to thee, than the enjoying of Medicines for cure of thine Infirmities, out of thy Native Soil, and Country, thy Field, thy Orchard, thy Garden? And what more profitable ●nto thee, then thereby to avoid the infinite Charges rising upon the use of strange and foreign Medicines, whereby not only thy sub●ance is wasted, but thy health ofttimes greatly ●paired? This is then that Truth which I com●end unto thee. As England aboundeth plenti●lly with all things necessary for thy maintenance of life, and preservation of health, so needeth it not, partly through Nature's instinct, partly by the industry of men, sufficiency of Medicine to cure the sicknesses and infirmities, whereunto our Nation is subject: which my opinion and judgement, considering the use and custom hath long been to place greatest value in strange Medicines, and the practice of the most doth ratify the same, I know must needs seem strange unto thee, but read, consider, and then judge, and at the least let me interchange my pains with thy attentive weighing of that which thou shalt read, prejudice set aside: and that a way may be made for the plainer handling of this matter, I briefly define a Remedy, a Medicine, a Disease after this sort, as followeth. First beginning with a remedy which I call the work of the Physician, whereby health may be repaired. Physic is an art which taketh charge of the health of man, preserving and maintaining it present by the right use o● meat, drink, and exercise, with other such helps o● nature: and restoring the same decayed, by di●t medicine, help of hand, or surgery, instrument severally used, or by joint force applied. Which three are Physic instruments, whereby the action of curing is performed, which action I call a remedy. And the second of these instruments, namel● a Medicine, I define an adversary force of som● natural thing, equally matching the proper o● next cause of the disease. Of which Medicine herbs, trees, stones, minerals, and metals, earth waters, and all fruits, are matter only, and n●● the very Medicines themselves: for as Physick self is an art, and the action artificial, and not nature, so are the instruments of the same action artificial and not natural. And as nature affordeth not to us of our own work, either garments, or houses, or any kind of instrument, but only the matter whereof such instruments may be made, leaving with us an industry rightly to frame them, and wisdom to use them: so, no more ●is Lettuce, Poppy, Rhewbarb, or Scammony a medicine, than an Oak, a Table or Ship; or a Quarry of Stones, an House. Moreover, all medicines standing in a kind of relation to the disease, which by means of the Patient's age, sex, time of the year, custom, and such like occasions, greatly vary; no Nature which always keepeth constant in her own kind, can therefore either be a Medicine, or properly bear the name thereof: which I wish to be noted, lest it be thought that Simples and such other natural things were Medicines, because commonly they carry the names of them. And thus much shall be sufficient to have said of the nature of a Medicine. Now a Disease (which remaineth last to be defined) is such a state of the body as thereby it is unabled to perform aptly the actions thereto belonging, or those actions which the Soul doth accomplish by the instrument of the Body. Thus much briefly concerning the explication of the terms, wherein this ●ruth is propounded. Now the reasons, whereby both I am moved to be of this judgement, and ●m so hardy as to propound it to others to be received, whereof the first riseth from the Christian Doctrine of God's Providence, which as it serveth greatly to establish the chief points of Physophy, so being drawn, and more particularly applied to the maintenance of man's life, carrieth with it as a sufficient provision for maintenance and preservation of health, a like furniture, and as answerable to the necessity of the Patient, health being decayed. I will not stand to entreat of Providence, being well known to Christians, and being a truth in Divinity, and Christianity, cannot be false in Philosophy. Although the best of the Ancient Philosophers and Poets have always kept it as a sure ground, who as they serve little to establish us, having a surer foundation, yet may they justly condemn the Atheist of this Age, who so far hath quenched those remnants of the light of the first Creation, that all things seem to him Fortune and Chance. There is no Nation under Heaven so poor and destitute, but it hath of the own Country soil sufficient to content Nature with, of Food and Apparel; which as they be two pillars of life, so from them are taken the means of preservation of Health, which as to Beasts are applied by natural instinct, so are they used of man by reason, the temperer of appetite and affection. This provision of sustenance is most agreeable with the goodness of the Creator, who as he is Author of being to the Creature, so faileth he not to maintain and preserve the same Creature the whole term of the being thereof: and because the necessity of the Creature is perpetual, his wisdom hath also foreseen, and provided a perpetual supply of such sustenance, as is fit for that Nature which standeth in need thereof: and because the need is not once for all, but parted into times, varying, according to the divers disposition and nature of that for which this provision is made, he hath also so bestowed his goodness in this point, that at all times to all things, necessary sustenance should not be to seek; and this extended not to men only, but even to bruit beasts, and all things which require nourishment. The end of this Provision is the preservation of the Creature, which Nature most carefully studieth (if it might be perpetual and eternal) thereto to bring it, the goodness of the Creator, will have nothing wanting, his wisdom will have it wait upon the necessity of the Creature: wherefore as the Earth is called the Mother of all things, not because it bringeth them forth only, but yieldeth them perpetual nourishment, so is the Country of all people to them named, the Parent of all parents. Then by Nature's law, all things being abundantly ministered unto us for the preservation of Health at home in our own Fields, Pastures, Rivers, etc. how can the Wisdom of God, and his Goodness, stand with the absence of Medicines and Remedies necessary for the recovery of Health, the need being as urgent of the one, as of the other: and so as great an occasion of practice of the same Goodness and Wisdom in the one as in the other? which being most plain and evident, it followeth necessarily, that the Medicine should be as ready for the sick, as meat and drink for the hungry and thirsty: which except it be applied by the native Country, cannot be else performed. It is known to such as have skill in nature, what wonderful care she hath of the smallest creatures, not only giving to every part of them a careful discharge of sundry duties, as of attraction, retention, concoction, expulsion of excrements, distribution, and such like, but also to the whole creature, a knowledge of Medicine to help themselves, if haply diseases annoy them; neither out of India, nor Arabia, but from their very haunt: which being not denied to them, much more is granted to us, in so much as (the work of Nature being most excellent in man) she is more vigilant over mankind, then over other creatures, as by the shape thereof most plainly appeareth. The Swallow cureth her dim eyes with Celendine: the Weasel knoweth well the virtue of Herbgrace: the Dove the Vervine: the Dog dischargeth his maw with a kind of Grass: the Spider is treacle to the Monkey: the Hippopotamus dischargeth the abundance of his blood by opening a Vein: and Ibes is said to have showed the use of the clyster: and too long it were to reckon up all the Medicines which the Beasts are known to use by Nature's direction only, and those not so far fetched as our Drugs, but familiar with them, and taken from the place of their Food: it being very probable, she hath bestowed this gift even upon all, one having interest in Nature's care as well as another. By this than may we gather, if Nature fail not the very beasts in this behalf, neither sendeth them to borrow afar off, much more is that performed unto us the Lords of all the Creatures, and for whose use all things were created: except we be thought less subject to diseases than they, wherein we be so little privileged, that no creature in that respect is so frail as we, and those most subject to infirmities, which are governed and dieted by us. So that we of all creatures, have greatest need of Nature's liberal hand in this behalf. For be it for the most part, we are more healthful than sickly, and so have greater use of the means of keeping Health, then of restoring, yet hardly can a man say which of them is more necessary to be ready and pressed at hand, the danger of Diseases being always imminent, although Diseases themselves be not always present. Now, if to any the reason seem weak from that which should be to infer a being thereof; we are to understand in the Works of God, whatsoever should be, is: he being a Workman of an absolute power and cunning. But saith one, The East and West Indies, Arabia, Barbary, the Red-sea, are the Mines, as it were, and the Fountains of Medicines; and Spain, Portugal, and Venice, the Vents of such things; and Navigation the means to obtain them. It cannot be denied, but those countries' yield many strange things, whereof we take use with great delight, and Navigation serveth greatly for communicating of Commodities, and interchange of Merchandise: but how far, and of what Commodities? Verily of such, as if our delicacy would give us leave, we might very well spare, being things rather of superfluous pleasure, then necessary reliefs, and serving rather for a certain pomp, then for maintenance of life: and which without great working of the wits, might be proved to bring more harm to our Country men, than commodity; both in respect of the diversity of complexion of our bodies from those of strange Nations to whom they properly belong, the corruption of their outlandish Wares, the selling of one thing for another, and the withholding from us the best of choice. But of this hereafter. Moreover, Navigation being of a later invention than the necessity of Medicine, neither practised of many Nations at this day, cannot supply this want; or if men began then first to be diseased, when they began to find ways in the Sea to those far Countries, doth it not greatly detract from that Providence whereby all things are guided, to lay the recovery of man's health upon the adventures of Merchants? and the Disease being in the one part of the world, to have the Medicine in the other: yea, as far distant as the East is from the West, and the Life and Death of a man to stand upon a halfpenny weight of Scammony, or a dram or twain of Rhewbard. Nay, which is yet more absurd, that the health of so many Christian Nations should hang upon the courtesy of those Heathen and barbarous Nations, to whom nothing is more odious, than the very name of Christianity; and who of malice do withhold from us such Medicines as they know most for our use. Whereupon the Turk denieth unto the Christians at this day, the Terra Lemnia, a Medicine to be preferred before the chief of those we persuade ourselves to enjoy. The corruption of their Drugs, is it not so great, that in the light of all knowledge, scarce one is able to discern the right Bolus Armena, from the Ochre of Apulia; or to discover the adulterating of Ambergris, and Musk, with a number of other corruptions, which have gotten strength by custom of error? Thamarinds are counterfeited with Prunes, Scammony with the milk of Spurge, Manna with Sugar and the leaves of Seine, Aspalathum with the inward part of the root of an Olive-tree, Frankincense with Rosin, Bdellium and Sarcocalla with gums: for Bolus Armena is sold a Red earth out of Apulia, for Malabathrum a leaf of a Lemon or Orange, for Turpeth some other root dipped at both ends in gum; which be as like in virtue to the Simples whereof they bear the vizard and mask, as Chalk to Cheese, according to the Proverb. And greatly thou art deceived, to think our Navigations store us with ancient Medicines, wherewith Physic in old time hath been furnished: for at this day neither is Balm known unto us, neither is Xylobalsamum, nor Cardomomum, nor Amomum, neither Costus, neither Calamus odoratus, Aspalathus, Agallocum, Narcapthum, with the most of the noble ancient Medicines: so that Navigation hath not at any time supplied this want unto us, and how it should hereafter I know not, except Galen take pains again to sail into Cyprus, into Palestine, and Lemnos, to gather and make choice with his own hands. For what hope is there to be had of the Provision made by Merchants? who buy to sell only, and thereof to reap gain; and by reason they be unlearned, if they would be faithful, yet must they fail greatly in this point, and then must we use such Medicines as we can come by, and the Patient recover such health as he may. For the most part, these Drugs come out of Spain or Portugal, either fetched of us, or brought of them; yet neither of them ever hath born name of yield of the best Simples, so that if they be of those countries', than they are not such as they should be: if Spain and Portugal fetch them elsewhere, then lieth the assurance upon their credit. Or let me know how they discern the Coriander of Ethiopia, the black Helleborus of Cyrene, the Amomum of Scythia, the Myrrah Troglodytica, the Opium of Apulia, (which are counted the best) from the same growing in other places, which never carried name of commendation for such Simples. The Coloquintida growing alone upon the plant is much suspected of good Physicians, the Squilla that hath no fellows, is thought to savour of a venomous nature, likewise the Thymelea. Now when these are gathered to the Merchant's hand, who shall tell him how they grow, or who shall inquire but the Philosopher, that knoweth what may come thereby to these Simples? Neither is the danger less in the manner of laying them up, and keeping them over long: besides, the just time of gathering being either over-passed, or prevented, greatly diminisheth the virtue of the Medicines. As the use of Euphorbium is perilous before it be a year old, and after three years, it is nothing worth. So Agarick gathered before it be ripe, or kept past two years, becometh unwholesome. And as the Peony root is to be gathered in the wane of the Moon, and the Crayfish to be taken after the rising of the Dog-star, the Sun entering into Leo, so are there many other, which if they miss their due time of gathering, fail greatly in their virtues. To these corruptions moreover may be added the washing of the Sea, the long journeys they are brought, whereby it should seem, nature had denied unto us the use of them, as to whom they were not of her yielded, with such difficulty, and as it were, by constraint, they come to us. Then if the best of ancient Simples be partly unknown and wanting, partly adulterated, partly by age and other means spent before they come to our use, what shall we say to our Compounds and Mixtures, which rise of these Simples? Can the temper mend them? or a quid pro quo, as they call them, serve the turn? No verily, not our turns, to whom the substitute Medicines, as I may call them, were not appointed, being in great part as hard to come by, as the Medicines whose substitutes they are, and as much unknown unto us. As for Agallicum, Calamus odoratus, for Amomum, Acorus, for Castorum, Bilphum, for Crocamagmo, Agallocus, with a number of the same sort, which these few leaves of Paper will not admit. Neither is it to be thought these Lieutenant Medicines serve at all turns in the place of the right Medicines, for so should Ginger serve the turn of Folefoot to purge by Vomit, which it cannot, no more than curds of Cow milk can soften and supple like butter, or the dung of the Stock-dove, purge like Euphorbium; or the Dock-root draw phlegm from the Head like Pellitory; which Galen notwithstanding maketh substitutes of these Medicines which have such operation. I conclude therefore, seeing Navigation cannot afford us either the Simples, which we seem to need, and those which it doth, both corrupt and counterfeit in the greatest part; we have neither to crave thereof in this point aid, much less to trust thereunto. Now the Simples being but (for the most part) bastard Ware, how can the Compounds that amount of the same be other then counterfeit? Whereupon as Cardanus saith in his Method of Curing; The wise Magistrates of Venice have oftentimes forbidden the making of treacle and Mithridatum, because the Simples could not be had, whereby they should be compounded. Which if Venice, the greatest Mart in this part of the World of such Wares, cannot a vouch, what can we hope for from other places? That a man would marvel to see the great store of them in all shops of Apothecaries under the names of treacle and Mithridatum of Andromachus; and it being required in treacle before it be used, it should have a time, as it were of mellowing, which of Galen in his Book of treacle to Piso, is extended to twelve years: and of Paulus Aegineta in his seventh Book, by seven years, for those that are bitten or stung of venomous beasts, or have drunk poison, or are infected with the pestilence, and in other diseases, from ●en years till it be twenty of age. I marvel what assurance we have of the age of this treacle, which is ordinary in use; or if we have none, how we dare use it at adventure, knowing by age the virtue thereof hath no small alteration. I would these inconveniences were the smallest, which I have but briefly, and as it were, for a taste run over, yet were even they sufficient to stay our overhasty use of such strange Merchandise, and to move us to betake us to those we know, both in the Blade, and in the Seed, in the Root, and in the Fruit; and know the Air, the Hill, the Valley, the Meadow where they grow. But this trust upon, Outlandish Medicines have much more nearly touched us then so. If a man would say by his overhasty embracing, whatsoever strange Nations do as it were, purge over unto us, we drink divers times rank Poison instead of wholesome Medicine, I think it would justly move us to be advised, and not to pass over the enquiry of a reason, why such a one should think so, being one whose vocation tendeth to the charge of the health of men's bodies. The right Hermodactiles are commended for excellent Medicines against all Pains in the Joints; as the Gout, the Schyatica, and such like, from which they purge gross Phlegm. Doronicum Romanum, hath great commendation for comforting the Heart, expelling Poison, against the Cough, for avoiding of Humours which overcharge the Chest; which are great virtues doubtless in them both. Now if they 〈◊〉 the shops, as they bear the name of these Medicines, so carried not with them instead of these virtues dangerous poison, than should I hav● less cause to exhort our Nation to be take the● to their Gardens and Fields, and to leave th● Banks of Nilus, and the Fens of India. Th● common Hermodactils being a kind of poison▪ called Ephemerum, so named, because with such swiftness it chargeth and overchargeth our vital spirits, that it killeth him that hath taken it i● one day. The other commonly called Doroticum Romanum, and used for an especial Cordial, so that it hath place in the electuary of precious Stones, in the electuary of Amber, in the cordial Powder; this Doronicum, I say, calle● of Mathiolus, Demoniacum, that is to say, Devilish, noting thereby the virtues thereof, is no base poison, than a very kind of Aconitum, by Mathiolus experience, which he confesseth himself (before having been abused by the common error) first to have learned of Jacobus Antonius Cortusus, a man very skilful in the nature of Simples, which Jacobus taught him the experience, by giving it to dogs, which it killeth. Now if by reason no such danger happeneth to us, by the use of them, they seeming not so dangerous; we are to understand they be given in small quantity, and mixed with divers remedies against poison, the good Providence of God providing so, that otherwise they should not be ministered, as in the purging Electuary of Diacnicis, Hermodactils are bridled with Cinnamon, and the powder of Diatragatanthum frigidum, where indeed ●t hath somewhat too large scope, being better tempered in Benedicta, with Cloves, Parsley●eed, Galanga, and Mace, and in the Pills of Her●odactils with Aloe, Mirobalans, Bdellium, the ●eed of Herbgrace, which have force against poison, the which small quantity of them being ●ndled and dulled with other Medicines, especially such a resist the force of poisons, is not deadly ●nto us although great hurt thereof must needs ●nsue. I have stood the longer upon this point ●f strange Medicines, in answering the suppy by Navigation, the rather, because it seemeth most ●o make against us in the maintenance of our ●ome Medicines, and breedeth as it were a loathsomeness of those blessings of God, which we daily ●ay at commandment enjoy: But hitherto hath only been shown the corruptions and counterfeiting of foreign Medicines which belongeth to ●ertain only, and not to all; (although those ●ertain be the chief, and of greatest price) and ●hat being foreseen, the provision out of strange ●nd far distant Nations, may seem well to stand ●ith that Providence we speak of: and except ●hey be in respect of their strangeness hurtful ●r unprofitable unto us, the skill of Sailing be●●g a means to present them at our need, Nature's care should seem no whit to be blemished. ●he reasons which I have before alleged, I ●ave to the indifferent Reader, to consider of, ●nd because I am so far urged, I easily stick ●ot to hold, that we receive no small hurt ●om all all the kinds of strange Medicines, whereof I yield these few reasons which follow.  
Our English Bodies, through the nature of the Region, our kind of diet and nourishment, our custom of life, are greatly divers from those of strange Nations, whereby ariseth great variety of humours and excrements in our bodies, from theirs; and so the causes of Diseases rising upon breach of diet, (the diet being of another sort) must needs be unlike, whereupon although their humours be in kind, and in a generality agreeable to ours, as Blood, Choler, Phlegm, Melancholy, and such like, yet rising upon other matter then the same in us, and otherwise framed by a far other state of body, by reason of a divers kind of life, the Medicines which help them must needs hurt us, not finding the like cause to drive with: and this no doubt is the cause, why we are not able to bear such dose o● quantity of their Medicines, as those Nations are, to whom they be native. Besides they work● in our Bodies after a far more unkind manne● than they report them to do in theirs; nay, they destroy us, and help them, which is an argument to me, that every Medicine hath a relation to the Diseases of the inhabitant, which if it b● profitable to strangers, yet doth it by a constraint and not half so kindly. The Greeks, a● it may appear by Dioscorides in his fourth Book and Chapter one hundred fifty and two, treating of Scammony, are able to bear a greater quantity, yea double than we, of Scammony, whic● is an ordinary purger with us. Who saith, thirt● grains thereof may be given with twenty of black Heleborus, and sixty of Aloe to make a just purgation, and of Scammony alone sixty grains. Now common experience teacheth us the great odds betwixt Scammony raw, as they call it, and the same corrected, which we name Dacrydium, both in vehemency of purging, and tormenting the body: yet hardly dare we pass above twenty grains of the same, and this mixed with Cordials and stomach Medicines. Moreover, their slender correcting of it, doth argue it to be far less noisome to them then to us, who correct it only, or at the least, are contented with the correction thereof by a little Salt and and Pepper, or a little Ginger: who for the plenty of excellent Simples, which we both want and know not, and for their skill in the nature of those we correct with, might as well have qualified it as we; who first wash it in Rose-water, wherein Cytrea Myrobalanus, Spike, and Cinnamon have been boiled: in which also we let it steep four and twenty hours, then dry it, then mix it again with oil of sweet Almonds, and some Goom for Tragacantha, and last of all bake it in a Quince, covered round with paste. Who hath not horror of the torments which both the Hellebores brings to the body? yet saith Paulus Aegineta in his seventh Book, and fourth Chapter, The black Helleborus purgeth yellow Choler from the whole body, without pain: which canndt be verified of our bodies, howsoever it be in theirs; and therefore we fear to minister the Powder thereof in any sort, but the steeping only of the barks of the roots, from twenty grains to sixty, they being bold to take a whole dram thereof in substance, which is more than triple the quantity, for one dose. These strange workings of these foreign Drugs in our Bodies, and a more gentle and kind working in theirs, doth it not manifestly declare unto us, that they were not created for us? do they not force us oftentimes with peril of our lives to give them over? that the Patient knoweth not divers times, whether he should stand rather to the courtesy of his Disease, then of his Potion? There is a Simple which hath not many years been in use, brought out of India, and highly commended, called Mechoaca, it purgeth gently, say they, without vexing or grieving the body, without annoying the stomach greatly, and ceaseth purging at your pleasure, with a little supping. These be great virtues doubtless, and I wish we could find them in Mechoaca: for Experience the touchstone hath bewrayed it in our bodies, to be of a far other operation; it tormenteth the body, it annoyeth the stomach much, neither doth a supping stay the vehemency of purging, and this have I partly by mine own experience found in Mechoaca, and partly by the experience of my friends, who upon the use thereof have much complained of these accidents. That juice, or rather milk of Poppy, which is brought out of Asia, named Opium, it is not unknown to all the World, what a marvellous force it hath in benumbing the sense of Feeling, and utterly extinguishing the natural Heat of the body, so that we fear to give thereof into the body above the weight of two grains, and those corrected with Saffron, Castorium, and such like, lest it cast the Patient into such a deep sleep, as he needeth the trump of the Archangel to awake him. Now, the same Opium being taken of the Turks, Moors, and Persians, bringeth to their wearied and over-travelled bodies, a marvellous recreation, in such sort, as they ordinarily use it therefore as a present remedy, not in the quantity of two grains or twenty, but even an whole ounce or twain at once: And Hollerius in his Scholia upon his Chapter of Frenzy, saith, That Rondelet a learned Physician, and the French Kings Professor at Montpellier, reported unto him, that he had seen a Spaniard take thereof into his body half an ounce at one time, without hurt. Wherefore if the difference of our bodies from those of strange Nations be so great, that the thing which helpeth them, destroyeth us; that ●ureth them without annoyance, doth vehemently torment us; I would wish us to be better advised, then to be so ready to embrace them, as ●o contemn in comparison of them, the Medicines which receive, as it were, a taming, and ●re broken unto us by our own soil: neither art ●hou here to look, the Wisdom of the Physician should consider the variety and divers dispositions of the Bodies by Age, Complexion, Region, Sex, etc. and thereafter to temper these Medicines, and so to avoid the dangers; for ●he question is not of the manner of using these things, for than should such consideration have place, but even of the very nature, which no manner of use can alter. Yet are these Simples most excellent creatures of God, made for the use of men, but not for all men; and although we may receive help from them, by a certain general community that our bodies have with those of Arabia, Barbary, and the rest; yet no doubt, as I have showed in a few, so we receive by the use of them so much the less good by them, as we most differ from them, and that which wanteth of the performance of good to us, must needs turn us to much harm, the unhelping part, (as I may call it) always working, and so ever harming. Neither do I see why the Medicines of India or Egypt should be laid upon us, more than the Indian or Egyptian diet; which is to eat Lyzards, Dragons, and Crocodiles: for if the proper Medicine doth always regard his proper adversary, which causeth the disease (as no doubt it should do) then there being a great difference betwixt our humours and theirs, as much in a manner as is betwixt the flesh of a Crocodile and of a tender Capon; our medicines which are to fit us, must needs be of another kind than theirs, which in our bodies not finding such humours and excrements, as that strange diet doth engender, must needs seize upon the very substance of our bodies, to have somewhat to work on: which painful working especially of the purgers, causeth the common saying amongst the people, to the great discredit of our Art: There is not a purgation, but it hath a smack of poison. Truth it is, no purgation can work without nature's annoyance, being in part a prick of nature to avoid her excrements: but when she is so provoked that she sweateth cold sweats, that she giveth over, that the patiented soundeth not by the excess of purging only, but for the most part through the evil quality of the medicine, it is surely an argument, it wanted his proper subject to work in. If needs we will take unto us the practice of such strange Medicines, (I call them Medicines according to the common phrase, else properly be they matter only it were to be desired (which in part is performed) that such Medicines as be so perilous, might be planted in our natural country, that through the familiarity of our soil, they might first grow into acquaintance with us, before we entertain them, not into our bosoms, but into our hearts, and chamber them with our vital spirits. And as it is said of the tree Persia, which in Persia being poison, translated into Egypt, becometh wholesome, bearing fruit to be eaten, and good for the stomach: so those natures receiving such mitigation of our soil, might in time better fit us then they do, which as it cannot alter their nature, being impossible to be done by change of place, so doubtless might it purge away that evil quality which annoyeth us, and seemeth rather to be an evil complexion, and as it were a cacochimy and disease of the thing, than any necessary propriety belonging to the nature. This which hath been said of Persia, is also to be seen in other Simples, which in other places are poison, and kill with the very shadow, yet brought into England, and planted with us, clean change that venomous quality. Ugh called Taxus, of Dioscorides is said to be so dangerous, and of such venomous nature, that in Navarre the very shadow thereof poisoneth him that sleepeth under it: and Aegenita saith, being taken inward, it strangleth, and swiftly killeth. This Taxus notwithstanding, being so perilous in other places, our English soil hath so reform, that boldly our children do eat of the fruit thereof without danger: the like may be verified of our Hemlock, which although it be to be numbered among the poisoning Herbs, yet it is far behind that which groweth in Candy, or Megara, or Cilicia, scarce to be accounted poison, in comparison of that in those countries'. Now if thou shalt think (gentle Reader) as the change of a Region altereth some qualities, so all, and thereby empaireth the virtue of the Medicine; thou mayest easily be deceived. For as they depend not one upon another, so may the one be well without the other, though by one common form they seem to be linked together to make one nature. Rhewbarb is known to have two qualities, one contrary to another, of purging the body, and stopping: yet by steeping may the one be separated from the other, the purging virtue being drawn out by steeping, and the stopping still remaining in the substance steeped: so likewise may the noisome quality of the Medicine be eschewed, the wholesome and medicinable virtue notwithstanding, being in full force, yea greater retained, I say greater, insomuch as the hurtful quality would hinder the operation of the healthful, which being freed and unyoked from the other, doth far better accomplish his work. Of all kinds of Honey that of Greece, and namely of Attica and Hible are most commended, the next price is given to the Honey of Spain and Navarre: yet it is certainly known by experience, that the English Honey is most agreeable to our English Bodies, and greater quantity thereof may be taken, with less annoyance, yea, none at all to those which are not of too hot a temper: the other kinds being more fiery, more apt to engender Choler, and to inflame the blood, and more unfit to lose the body. Whereby we may evidently see, that Nature useth not one shoe for every foot, but either ministereth a divers commodity in kind, or else by the Country, Air, and Soil, doth so temper it, that greater use may be thereof to the inhabitant of the same Country. By this than which hitherto hath been said, it is manifest we receive great hurt by the use of strange Medicines, and not upon reason only, but from plain experience, even with hurt to our own bodies, which as it is the greatest price of knowledge, so therefore ought we the more to set thereby, and more carefully to seek to avoid the danger. Again, it is evident, that the planting of strange Simples frameth them more to our use. Wherefore as there be many excellent Gardens in England, especially in London, replenished with store of strange and outlandish Simples, it were to be wished such endeavours were of others followed, that so we might acquaint us better with these strangers, and by Vsu capio make them our own. But what soils will brook all things? it is true, yet no doubt of those that it will brook, which I dare say are four or five hundred; this frugality of nature toward us as it is thought, might bear a greater show, and more safely use them, especially the purgers, which carry with them greatest annoyance. Now if it be objected, the force of outlandish Simples are thereby more feeble, as we find the Organ of Candy surpassing ours in strength, I mean the same kind with that of Candy planted in the Gardens, which may be said also of other strange Herbs planted by us. It cannot be denied but they are so, neither can the strange Simples in all points be equal with his kind, keeping his Native soil; yet is the difference scarce half a degree under, or if it were a degree full out, what reason were it to fetch that one degree with much peril, and charge, as far as Candy, Spain, or Venice, or from another world: whereas a little increase of the quantity of the thing, would easily supply that want, though I mention not the gain of freshness of the same, which maketh no small recompense of wanting in the force: neither is the nature or virtue of a Medicine to be esteemed by taste or smell, neither by the force it hath against the disease, the nature of a medicine lying in an equal matching of the cause of the disease, which if it overmatch, so far off it is from the praise of an wholesome medicine, that it becometh 〈◊〉 cause of a contrary disease; wherefore the commendation of a medicine lieth not in force, ●●t in such force. And therefore the counsel of ●he best Physicians is, if the disease will bear any delay, as the most do, rather to apply a medicine of weaker force, then at once with a vehement ●one, to shake the frame of Nature. And the weaker medicine being weak, either in respect of the nature of the Simple, or the small quantity, they counsel rather to use that kind of curing, which is by the feebler medicine in kind, then by reason of the under quantity. For what skilful Physician would cure a small distemper of heat, and as it were in the first degree, with a small quantity of Opium, or Mandrake, or Henbane, being cold in the fourth degree, rather than with the just quantity of Endive, or Succory, or diminish a small excess of humours, with an under quantity of Coloquintida or Scammony, rather than with the just quantity of a feebler medicine? Wherefore upon good reason they conclude it to be far safer for the Patient, to cure with contraries of feebler force, either often repeated, or in a greater quantity applied, then with a main force of a medicine of equal strength at once to expel the disease, Nature abhorring all vehement and sudden either emptying or ●●lling, heating or cooling, or any other kind of sudden alteration, which being grounded upon good reason, the delaying of the force of strange medicines by our soil, serveth greatly for the commendation both of planting them with us, and of the Medicines themselves planted. The Simple still keeping within the compass of the matter of a Medicine, neither being so diminished, but that by increase of the quantity, it may match with the disease, which no man with reason can deny. Now, if the greatness of the quantity happily procure loathsomeness to the Patient by extraction, that inconvenience may easily be avoided: by which means a pound may be brought to an ounce, an ounce to a dram, and a dram to a few grains, to please the Patient with. Such of strange Medicines as will not brook our Climate, thereby declare the evil disposition they have to cure the infirmity of our bodies. Every Medicine is as it were a mean betwixt nourishments and poisons, excepting those Medicines which are applied outwardly, which may both be of nourishments and poisons. In this mean betwixt these extremes, there is such a scope and breadth, that some Medicines incline to the one, and some to the other. Now the best are such as rather incline to nourishments than poisons, which as they do fight against the Disease, so have they a certain token and pledge of greement betwixt our bodies and theirs: whereby they acknowledge us for friends, and not common enemies with the disease: the other Medicines which have no such token and earnest, being apt, as well to destroy us, as to take away the Disease, and so join fellowship with rank poisons. Then our native Soil being by the Ordinance of GOD the fittest to yield us nourishment, from which ●ur  and Fruits have a nutritive or nourishing juice, which render the same again to ●s, what can we think of those Medicines, to ●hom our soil hath not a drop of juice to yield ●●to, and giveth no entertainment. Verily ●e are both to learn thereby, that nature doth ●urnish us other ways, and also greatly to suspect them to be of an extreme kind of Medicines, the Spices only excepted, and such as are ●aid to be sympathetical to certain parts of our bodies, which notwithstanding, less serve that ●seth more strange and foreign they be. What should I speak of the unmeasurable charge and ●ost these strange Medicines put us unto? In my opinion if it were but that, we might be stirred up to this, or such like consideration: Hath God so dispensed his blessings, that a Medicine to cure the Jaundice, or the Green Sickness, or the Rheum, or such like, should cost ●ore oftentimes then one quarter of the substance that the Patient is worth? And the provision of a whole year, whereof Wife and Children, and the whole Family should with things necessary be maintained in health, be wasted upon the curing of a Palsy, or a Colic, or a swimming of the brain, or any other disease whatsoever? Is Physic only made for ●ich men, and not as well for the poorer sort? doth it only wait upon Prince's Palaces, and never stoop to the Cottage of the poor? doth it only receive gifts of the King, and never thanks and prayers from him that hath but thanks and prayers to bestow? or doth the Lord's goodness pass over them of low degree? Hath he respect of persons? Yea, hath God given to the Beast a remedy out of his own food and pasture (as it is most certainly known) with a skill to use it, and hath he set a Journey as far as from the Sunrising to the going down, as it were a wall of Brass, and the fiery sword of a Cherubin to keep us from the attaining of Salves for our Sores? Justly may we thus complain, especially those of the poorer sort. And if Physic (as it is indeed) be an Art common to all kind of men, all sorts of nations, all estates and conditions of men; I would know why the means also of performing the actions belonging to the same Art, should not be as common? And if it be ordinary to all Nations to fetch their Medicines far, let me know why, as we cease not to travel for to store us with outlandish Drugs, we carry not thither also our Country Medicines for change; or they of those Nations give not the like Adventure for ours? but they are contented with their own store, and so ought we with ours. If it be not ordinary, why should it be more extraordinary to one then to another. The most of our Apothecary Ware is bought from the most vile and barbarous Nations of the world, and almost all from the professed enemies of the Son of God: shall we say, the Lord hath not care, or setteth more store by them then by his own people? that he so furnisheth them, and leaveth us destitute? or shall we rather condemn the vanity of our own minds, who unsatiably desire strange things, little regarding, or rather loathing that which is always at commandment? But God (saith one) hath not bestowed all things upon all Nations, but hath left something to be supplied by the Commodities wherewith one Nation aboundeth, and another wanteth; that thereupon mutual duties arising, the society of men might be upholden. Which objection, if it carried with it what things they were, and of what kind, that one Nation supplieth to another, and what sort of Commodities they be that one Nation needeth the help of another in, a more direct answer might be made then otherwise I may hit upon: but I guess it is neither of Water, nor Fire, nor yet of Air, nor of any thing necessary for maintenance of life, otherwise should the Native Country of each one be rather a stepdame to us then a natural mother; but it is of those things only which with healthful and lusty Bodies we might be without, if custom had not too much prevailed with us. And to go no further then to the use of Wine in England, in many respects it greatly hurteth us, yet our ordinary use thereof, hath given us such a longing thereafter, that we think if we should want it, many of our days were thereby abridged; whereby notwithstanding Rheums are mightily increased, the Sinews feebled, the natural Moisture and Heat of the body overhastily wasted, and swift old Age brought upon us, with an infinite number of discommodites besides. Which the Nations finding where we have it; do so delay it, that rather they seem to drink wined Water, than watered Wine, except the aged, or such as are feeble stomached. And divers Nations which may have of the best, because they would be sure to banish the use of it, count it sacrilege to taste it: as the Turks at this day, who use instead thereof a distilled water of Rice steeped in Milk, thereby supplying the use of Wine. Neither do we find this discommodity of Wine by the abuse of drunkenness or surfeiting only, but even keeping within the three cups that Eubolus poureth out to wise men: whereof the first is of health and nourishment: the second of mirth, and joy of heart: and the third of sleep, so that a draught or twain doth marvellously distemper our bodies: which inconvenience we find not by our ordinary drink; yea, though it be stronger than wine. If I should compare our Mede with the best Wine, and the Metheglin of the Welshmen with Malmsie, I could take great arguments from the nature of Honey to prove it. Especially being tempered with certain wholesome Herbs, which have virtue to strengthen the parts of the body. And by experience it is known, that Honey mixed with water, turneth in time to a wholesome liquor, in taste much like to Wine. Whereupon Pena in his Chapter of Honey, folio 22. doubteth not to affirm, that the Mede of the Polonians and Muscovites, and the Metheglin of the Welshmen, are more wholesome and pleasant, than many of the best kinds of Wines, he himself being a French man, and therefore in his judgement less partial. Wherefore to conclude this argument, seeing, Wine (which is the glory of strange Merchandise) is but an hurtful superfluity, the rest must needs be far other then necessaries. But Medicines being such, as without which our health and life runneth into infinite perils, by causes inward and outward, through breach of Diet, unwholesomeness of Meat, Wounds, Bitings of venomous Beasts, Infections of the Air, and such like, it followeth necessarily, that they be not such as God would have one Nation gratify another with; which if they were, greater reason were it to charge the neighbour Nations therewith, that thereby their minds, might with performance of such mutual duties, so necessary, be in straighter amity and peace linked, who cease not, for the enlarging of limits, to vex one another, rather than the Nations so far distant, who have neither fellowship of love, nor quarrel of hatred equal with the Borderers. Neither would I be so taken, as though I knew not at sometimes, that one Na●ion hath need of another, even in things necessary; as the supply made by Joseph to his ●ather Jacob, and other Nations out of the store of Egypt; but the controversy is of an ordinary course, which the Lord useth in bestowing his blessings, wherewith he doth fully satisfy ●he need of all Nations with things necessary, ●aving when he punisheth with Famine or ●●ant of Victuals, which is extraordinary in respect of his accustomed course of preserving his creature's. Now, if the strange Medicines (for he most part hot) should seem rather in the whole kind, then by reason of abundance superfluous to them, and so more fit for us, being of a colder temper: we are to consider, the use of them is manifold to the inhabitants, and not only to warn them, as the Ethyopians called Troglodytes, although they be parched with vehement heat of the Sun, are said to live with Pepper, not to correct the distemper of the● Bodies, which would rather increase it then diminish, but to correct their evil Waters, and waterish Fruits, wherewith they in part do live Again, we are to understand, that the disease which is most agreeable with Age, Sex, Region, Custom, Complexion, is always most dangerous, as engendered by an exceeding vehement of the cause, whereto Nature hath yielded, an● so requireth a like vehement Medicine: wherefore if the Arabian, the Indian, the Spaniard fall into cold diseases, or such as follow cold no marvel though Nature hath ministered unto them plenty of strong Wines and Spices, whi●● the Northern Nations need not. Who as th● be more apt to fall into such diseases than the● their temper thereto agreeing, the Air and Region furthering the same, so are they not thereof so dangerously sick, as they of the So● Countries, and therefore require not so for●able a Medicine. But I mind not to stand 〈◊〉 show the use which foreign Nations have of th● Commodities, let them see to it. Hitherto h● been showed, both that they be hurtful unto 〈◊〉 and that it is not absurd for hot Regions to 〈◊〉 bound with hot Simples, the use of them be● divers, both in respect of curing their Bodies, and other uses without the compass of Physic. These be the reasons which move me to suspect the use of strange Drugs, and drive me to think, that Nature hath better provided for us; and as the Indian, Arabian, Spaniard, have their Indish, Arabian, and Spanish Medicines, so also the German hath his, the French man his, and the English man his own proper, belonging to each of them. I know, gentle Reader, nothing doth more hinder the accepting of truth divers times, (especially with such as see with other men's eyes) than the person of him who first propoundeth the matter, being taken rather to be an opinion of one, than an undoubted truth to be cherished of all, as who have interest therein. Wherefore that such might be satisfied, I will add to my former reasons, taken from the Nature of the thing, the authority of more Doctors than one, who agreeing with this which I hold, may be a means, to draw the gentle Reader the more seriously to consider of this matter, and truth may take some strength thereby, and win the more credit. Pliny in his four and twenty Book of his History, and first Chapter, hath this Sentence, thus much in English: Nature would that such only should be Medicines, that is to say, which easily might be come by of the common people; easy to be found out, without charge, taken from the things whereby we live; but in process of time, the craft of men, and sleights of their wits, found out these shops of strange drugs, in which a sale of men's lives is offered, whereupon confectious, and infinite mixtures began to be extolled. India and Arabia a man would think he were in them, and for a little gall or small ulcer, a medicine must be fetched from the Red Sea: whereas every day the poorest do sup with true medicines. And in his two and twenty Book, and four and twenty Chapter, We do not meddle (saith he) with the medicines taken from the merchandise of India and Arabia, or of the New World, they are not fit for medicines and remedies: they grow too far off, they are not for us, no, not for the Nations where they grow, else would they not sell them away. If we shall needs use them (saith he) let them be bought for sweet perfumes, and sweet oils, and dainties, or to serve superstition, because when we pray, we burn Frankincense and Costus. And thus much out of Pliny, whose judgement, as it is ancient, of a thousand years, so is it of him, who most diligently sought out the mysteries of nature, and published them for the use of posterity. Now if haply it be objected, that Pliny might well verify that of Italy, which England cannot perform, we must understand, that Pliny reasoneth from nature, which serveth for all nations of the world as well as for Italy, and directeth his Pen, not only against the medicines strange to Italy, but even against all that are far fetched and dearly bought, as appeareth plainly by his words. To this sentence of Pliny, I will add the judgement of two Physicians of late time, lest Pliny being no Physician, should be thought an unsufficient testimony. Fuchsius in his first Book of compounding of Medicines, and seventy six Chapter, thus agreeth with Pliny. If we were not so carried away with the admiration of strange things, and were not fools (saith he) who had rather use medicines fetched from strange and far countries, (contemning our native medicines) than such as grow in our gardens: we might make honey serve in stead of Manna. But with the exceeding cost and charge which those medicines put us unto, we are worthily punished for our folly. Lo, here two witnesses, the one a great Philosopher, and the other both a Philosopher and a Physician, comparable with the best of late days.  
The third witness with Pliny and Fuchsius, is, Martino Rulandus, to whom the students of Physic own much for his Medicina practica, and other works. This Rulandus in his Preface to Medicina practica, hath these words; thus in English: We have simple medicines (easily had, homely, of our own country of Germany, to be bought with little money or none at all) ready (saith he) and entreated of in writing, by which only all kinds of diseases are certainly and undoubtedly cured, oftentimes better and much more easily (believe reason and experience, saith he) (and that with no hurt or danger) then with the long compounds of the Apothecaries, which are costly, evil gathered, without knowledge of the Physician, oftentimes unperfectly mixed, and unskilfully confused, and as unskilfully boiled; oftentimes putrified, and by age of force wasted, slovenly and with great negligence confected. In which words Rulandus briefly hath comprehended, in a manner, all the discommodities of strange Medicines. These testimonies I rather have alleged, gentle Reader, that thou mayest know this my opinion, is not mine only, and new sprung up from the leisure of a Student, who might easily be overtaken with a speculation, which never could be shown in use and practice, but hath with it the voice of authority, and suffrages of excellent Philosophers and Physicians, although they have not of purpose, and in a set Treatise handled this Argument, as thou sees: which, notwithstanding, containeth indeed the matter of a great Volume. Hitherto hath been showed the great inconveniences and dangers which rise of the use of strange Medicines, by reason, by experience, by authority of Phisolophers and Physicians. If my reason be evil gathered, the experience false, the authority not authentical, what have I lost thereby? A few hours meditation, and a few lines writing, or my credit impaired, will some say. If my credit could either buy such virtues to strange Medicines, as they carry the name, or purge the shops of counterfeit stuff, or redeem the harms they have done, I would verily esteem as much of the change, as he which made exchange of Brass for Gold. Although I ween it be a propriety to man's weakness unavoidable of any to err, and therefore if obstinacy be not therewith coupled, always found pardon. But if my Arguments rise from the causes and effects of these foreigners, and causes and effects of our bodies, which are of all Arguments the most forceable to establish, or overthrow any thing to be decided by reason, and the authorities such, as justly exception cannot be taken against: blame me not (gentle Reader) though I be carried into this persuasion myself, and of a love and zeal to benefit thee, have published that which I have conceived of this Argument. If I be deceived in my judgement of strange Drugs, (which I wish with all my heart I were) these reasons, the woeful experience, the authority of such men have induced me. Which if all may be answered, that which seemed more than doubtful before, shall by this Controversy shine most clear; and truth as it were wrought with the fire of reason, receive greater strength and perfection.  
Thus much touching the unableness of strange merchandise to perform unto us sufficiency, yea any measure of medicines as belonging unto us properly, and the discommodities of them. Now if strange medicines serve not our turns, and all medicines be either strange or home-born, it must needs follow, that the home medicines are most natural and kind to us, except a man would say, all medicines bring harm unto us which is not of the nature of a medicine, being an instrument of performing remedies unto us, or if it were so, yet have we this by experience, that strange medicines do more annoy us then strangers, yea destroy us, and restore them: wherefore home medicines, and of our Country yield, of equity must necessarily perform the same to us, which their medicines do to them. Else I would know, why we should be inferior unto them, or one Nation more privileged that way then another, the need being common, and the providence of God all one; yea, such as rather than remedy should need the chariot of the Sun to fetch it from one end of the world to the other, or be so far to seek as our common Drugs are, he hath linked the remedy in many things, so straight to the cause of our hurt, that even the self same which harmed us, carrieth with it amends. As the Scorpion rubbed upon his stinging, cureth the same. Likewise the Rany divided, and applied hot to the wound, cureth her venomous biting, and so the Pastinaca marina, as it bringeth most dangerous hurt, it refuseth not (being thereto applied) to minister remedy. Which practice of nature might verily move us to think, her meaning is not to send us either into Arabia or India for aid for our griefs, but thereby to commend her care unto us, and give occasion of praising God's providence, and stirring us up to make diligent search into our own provision, and to make better trial, than we are wont of the same. Wherein the great liberality of GOD appeareth in such large measure, that rather superfluity, then sparing may be noted herein: in that both one simple nature carrieth with it the virtue of many medicines, and many simples, remedies against such diseases as we might be thought like never to be subject unto, and such things as in respect of their nature might seem vile unto us, afford us (being skilfully applied) most sovereign medicine: whereof for a taste I give two or three examples; Milk is either to be considered in all the parts together, or them severed. All kind of Milk boiled, especially burned with stones taken from the seashore, helpeth all inward ulcers, chief of the jaws, the lungs, the guts, the bladder, and the kidneys; it is good against the itch and wheals, and it helpeth bloody flixes. New Milk is good against frettings made with poisons received inward: as of Cantharideses and such like: it is profitably gargled against swell and frettings in the jaws. The whey of Milk is good to purge the body, especially of such as be melancholic, and disposed to the falling sickness, leprosy, and breaking out with scabs. The cheesie part of it, as curds, fresh without salt, softeneth the belly; which pressed and broiled stayeth the lax. Cheese laid on, helpeth the inflammation of the eyes. The butter of Milk drunk, softeneth the belly, and serveth against poison for want of oil, rubbed upon their gums with honey helpeth the toothing of children, and cureth the itching of their gums and sores of their mouths. It helpeth such as are bitten of the serpent called Aspis. The soot of butter is very effectual against watering eyes, and swiftly skinneth sores. Thus thou seest, Reader, what treasure is hid in Milk, (even an excrement) being used both whole and in parts. That which I have said of Milk, belongeth also to most of creatures, which both all serve for medicine and each of them for sundry purposes: whereby natures endeavour to furnish us with all help of medicine may evidently appear; yea, most of all, when she seemeth to be so jealous over our health, that she provideth against Drysinus, against the Scorpion, the Viper, and Cerastes, and the most of venomous bitings of Serpents, wherewith notwithstanding we are not as other nations encumbered, and those not common medicines only, but even proper unto them. As the venom of Drysinus is abated and utterly extinguished with the Trifolie, and with all kind of mast, be it of the Beech or Oak, or of any kind of tree that beareth Acorns. Penerial cureth the Scorpion's sting. Against the biting of a Viper, Garlic, Onions, and Leeks new gathered, are principal treacles wherewith also the venom of Cerastes is overmatched. Ergo, if Nature fail us not against the venom of strange serpent's, from which we be freed, by reason of the temper of our Region, repugnant to their nature, (all things being done in the actions of nature, in exquisite wisdom, and by a precise rule of God's providence) much more are we furnished against the Diseases bred in our bowels. That which hath been said of venomous Beasts, may also be showed in the cure of strange Diseases, wherein Nature seemeth to be as careful as in the other. The French pocks is an Indian Disease, and not known to this part of the world within this hundred years, before that voyage of Charles the Emperor, which he took against Naples, where being brought over with ●he Spaniards which returned with Christopherus ●olumbus, who first discovered the West Indies, 〈◊〉 hath since infected the whole world. Now, his strange and Indian disease hath nature provided remedy against, not only out of India, ●s the Gnaicum, and Salsa Parilla, but even out Europe as effectual: as the Smillax aspera, ●herewith Fallopius saith, at Pisa he cured di●ers of the French Pocks. And La Reviere in ●is French Apology, affirmeth the same to be ●●one with the essence of the Primrose and Cow●ip. The anointings with Mercury is known by ●aily practices, what force they have against this most grievous Disease, which although some do mislike, because indiscreetly used, it is somewhat dangerous: yet Antonius Chalmetous, a skilful Chirurgeon, in the fifth Book of his Enchiridion ●nd fifth Chapter, affirmeth, That therewith he ●ath perfectly cured divers without danger, and ●f it hath otherwise fallen out with some, that it hath rather proceeded of unskilful using, then ●y the nature of Mercury. Now, gentle Reader, thou art to understand, the Pocks in India, being the same Disease with that we call the French Pocks, is there a gentle disease not much differing from the Scab, void of such grievous symptoms, as it bringeth to these quarters, corrupting, not only the fleshy parts of our bodies, but even the very bones also. This testifieth Fallopius in his Book of the French Pocks. Yet needs not our Medicines crave the help of India for the cure thereof, no, not although it ●age far more fiercely (as it doth) against us then against them: which being evident, let us consider how justly nature may be blamed to fail in the provision of medicines. Scarce would a man look for any great virtue of medicine in the Worms of the earth, being a creature so abject; yet join they and glue together wounded sinews; they cure Tertians, they help the pains of the ears, the Toothache, and the powder of them drunken, provoketh urine. The little vermin called Sows, which being touched run together round like a piece; who would think they cured the difficulty of making water, the Jaundice, the Quinsey? For which purposes they be of great force, and for to discharge stuffed Lungs, with tough and gross humours, nothing may be compared. Likewise the Corns of Horse legs called Lichenes, although they be base and vile excrements, yet help they such are taken with the Falling-sickness. The decoction of Frogs with Salt and Butter, is a treacle against the bitings, stingings, and poisons of all Serpents; and the ashes of them burnt, stayeth the Flux of blood being thereto applied. These base creatures the rather I propound, that being known, the treasures which nature hath hid and laid up in them, with such variety of virtues, we might the better esteeming of her benefits, and the blessings of our own country, both acknowledge them, accept them, and be more thankful unto God for them. The which base creatures, the viler they seem to be, the more commend they the goodness of the Creator, who would not the abjectest thing that is, should altogether be without, wherewith to serve, and do homage to his Lord and Master: which if these things afford us, what may we justly promise to ourselves, and require of the rest, more excellent creatures? Let not the reason seem strange and weak to the Reader, who art a Christian, which is taken from the Providence and Wisdom of GOD, to prove the sufficiency of his execution and performance of the same. For if Galen thought it reasonable, (as it is most reasonable,) to gather the Wisdom and Providence of the Creator by his work in the Creature, and maintenance thereof, which he, in the end of his Books of the use of Parts, calleth a point of Divinity, far to be preferred above the whole Art of Physic: much more reasonable is it for me, and the reason sounder which is drawn from that Divine Providence, to the practice thereof. And if Galen had that religion in him, being a Gentile, and groping only in the mist of natural knowledge of God, could not satisfy himself with a Psalm or Hymn (as he himself calleth it) of seventeen staves, every staff containing an whole Book (for thus he himself calleth his Books of the use of Parts) of the wisdom of the most wise God, esteeming that duty more acceptable unto him, than sacrifices of an hundreth Oxen, or the most costly perfumes and incense: Let it not be harsh in thine ears, gentle Reader, to hear now and then the goodness of our God, his Wisdom and Providence, to be both entreated of, and advanced of a Christian Physician, and to Christians, to whom the Son of righteousness hath shined, and scattered those mists of natural darkness, and hath given the earnest of immortality. And be assured there is no truth in Philosophy, but may stand with, ye rather may rest, and be upholden of Christianity. But let us proceed. Julius Bassus, Nicerates, and Petronius Niger, as saith Dioscorides, thought their country Medicines, and those which the native soil yielded, most worthy to be exactly entreated of them; belike, either thinking them sufficient for the inhabitants, or more agreeable with them. Which homely practice of the Nations where he traveled, Dioscorides confesseth to have been the matter whereof he compounded his golden Book of Medicines, which at this day remaineth a rich storehouse to all Physicians. Now than I would know why we should more be provided of Medicine against one disease, than another, of our country yield? Is it because such diseases which require strange Medicines are more dangerous, or less? If more dangerous, then should the remedy for them be more at hand, then for other: if less, why are then the strange Medicines esteemed as most forcible? And if we be less subject to such diseases as are cured with them, and so the absence of them may seem tolerable, why then are Tertian Agues chief cured with Thamarines and Rhewbarb? Whereof the one cometh out of India, and the other, for the most part, out of Barbary. Whatsoever nature is yielded to any Nation, it serveth either for nourishment or Medicines, or being neither nourishment or Medicine, is plain poison. Now a subduction being made of each of these, one from the other, what part shall we think will nourishments leave to Medicines? A far greater doubtless than they themselves be, and as they exceed nourishments, so greatly do they and beyond all comparison exceed the poisons. Wherefore if the most of creatures in every Nation, be a fit matter of Medicine, greatly not doubt are all Nations stored with them: which store declareth, that as diseases partly rise of breach of Diet, and partly through poisons; so Nature would furnish us with Medicines in number answerable to the causes of both, which being not sufficient, argueth that Nature misseth of her purpose, having sufficiently declared her endeavour: but Nature always bringeth her works to perfection, except in case of Monsters, which are not ordinary. Wherefore her will, (she being an instinct of Gods) ever going with the execution thereof, must needs perform that to us, which he pretendeth in the variety. But that thou mayest (gentle Reader) have better hold and greater assurance of the sufficiency of thy Country Medicines, I will set down briefly, according to the variety and sorts of all diseases cured with medicine, Medicines taken from our native soil answerable unto them, and effectual to cure them. And because Medicines have relation to diseases, I will first touch the diseases, and thereto join the Medicines. All diseases are either in the complexion, or frame of the body: such as are in the complexion are all cured by Medicine, which I named in the beginning of this Treatise, one of the instruments of Physic. Of disease● in the frame, these only are cured with Medicines. Quantity superfluously increased, or diminished: obstructions, over straightness, or over largeness of passages in the body. These are only the diseases properly to be cured with medicine: other diseases which rise of these, either of their own accord, vanishing by the cure of these, or else to be cured by surgery, as evil figure and shape through want of proportional quantity, that being restored, the figure forthwith returneth, or if not, rather is to be cured with help of hand. And luxation of joints, and evil coupling of parts, if they rise of distemper only, that being taken away with medicines, returneth oftentimes with it, good situation of parts. Likewise, the situation perverteth through distemper, the complexion being restored, the other consequently do follow. Now, having declared in general the diseases which only require medicine, that every disease may have his proper one, I will subdivide them more particularly, joining to every disease that medicine which thereto belongeth. The diseases in the complexion, are either in all the parts of the temper thereof, or in one or twain. In the whole complexion are such as are engendered of venomous causes: and those either engendered in the body, or happening thereto outwardly; they which are engendered with age in the body, are Cankers, Leprosies, Falling-sickness, Suffocation, of the matrix through Nature corrupted, Swooning, through corruption of Worms, engendered in the body, and these be the diseases of venomous causes bred in the body. Such as happen thereto by outward occasions, are either by poison taken into the body, or by outward ●ouching procured, taken into the body; as the poison of Toads, Henbane, Nightshade, Hem●ock, Ratsbane, Quicksilver, and such Minerals; ●nd last of all, infected Airs, causing Pestilence, ●nd Carbuncles. Such as are outwardly procured, are either without wounds or with wounds; without wounds, infection passing from one to ●nother, as the French Pox. With wounds, venomous bitings, and stingings of beasts, as of serpent's and mad Dogs. And these are all the disease's said to be in the whole temper of the ●ody; which having first shown to be sufficiently cured by home Medicines, in like manner ●ill I prosecute the rest. And herein (gentle ●eader) thou art not to look I should set down ●ll Medicines, which our native soil is known to ●estow upon us for cure of these diseases, which ●ould grow to an infinite Volume, I herein ●eferring thee to the works of those, who of purpose have written of the nature of Simples, and ●re Authors of Practice; but it shall I hope, suf●●e for this purpose, to pick out amongst a great ●any, those of choice for these diseases. And ●st to begin with Cankers, which being not ex●cerated, but remaining humours, are cured (if ●ith any medicine) by the juice of Nightshade, ●ll the sorts of Endive and Succory, with Agrimony, with Saint John's wort, wild Clary, called Oculus Cstristi, the flesh of Snails boiled, Crayfish, green Frogs; and to conclude, with all kind of Metals and Minerals, and among them Led, howsoever it be used, is most sovereign. If it be exulcerated, then herein hav● the Minerals and Metals the chief place. To th● exulcerate Canker belongeth the Wolf (whic● is naught else, but a Canker exulcerated.) Th● Gangrene and Speacelus, are cured by the remedies of the Canker and Wolf, the one bein● a degree of an Ulcer, in which the parts begin t● be mortified; the other, when they have no● lost life altogether. The Leprosy is an universe Canker, and for outward medicines requireth n● other. Among the inward, Plantine, Wha● Hedgehogs dried and drunk, help greatly. An● thus much for Cankers and Leprosies, which 〈◊〉 they be diseases hard to be cured by any medicine, so receive they as great help by these o● home medicines, as by any of strange 〈◊〉 The Falling-sickness, if it be in such as are age and have been long diseased therewith, is a d●ease hardly, or not at all to be cured. But wh●● it is curable, these medicines be compar●● with the best: The root of the Missleto of 〈◊〉 Oak, the rennet of an Hare, the Peony-ro● Enula Campana, the scalp of a Man, and A●hoof, Hyssop, the milt of an Horse, the Sto● which are found in the Maws of the first 〈◊〉 of Swallows, five leaved Grass, the juice of t● Cowslip, the juice of Horehound with Ho● All suffocations of the Matrix are cured 〈◊〉 Plantine, Pennirial, Herbgrace, and by an infinite number of home medicines. Worms, and that infection is taken away by Coriander-seed, Colewort seed, Garlic, Wormwood, and in a manner with all bitter herbs, with the juice of Purslane, with the filings of Stags-horn, little inferior in virtue to that, which is commonly taken for the Unicorns horn, Peach leaves, Hyssop, Mints, Purslane seed. Thus much touching medicines against diseases, engendered of venomous causes within the body. Now touching such as happen by outward occasions: and first of those that by mouth are taken into the body. Against which generally, it helpeth greatly to drink store of butter instead of oil, with warm water, or the decoction of Flax seed, Fe●igreek, or Mallows, and thereupon a vomit, which done, Sothernwood, the root of Seahulver, the seed of Nep, the juice of Horehound, the seed of wild Rue, Walnuts, Turnips, Herbgrace, five leaved Grass, with an infinite number of native medicines, expel the poison, and restore the Patient. More properly to the poison of Cantharideses, belong Penerial; to Buprestis all kind of Pears, and women's Milk: to the Salamander, Chamepitis, 〈◊〉 holy roots: to the worms of the Pinetree, su●● 〈◊〉 ●he poison of Cantharideses: against the poison of the Toad, the roots of Reeds and Cyperus: against the Chameleon, Radish roots, and Wormwood: against Ephemerum, Asaph's milk, or Cow's milk hot: against Dorycnium, Goat● milk, Ass' milk, Cockles, and Crayfish; against the poison of Aconitum, Organ, Herbgrace, Horehound, the decoction of Wormwood. Against Chriander, Wormwood, salt broth made with a Goose or Hen, which expel also the poison of Flewort: the Poison o● Hemlock is cured with Mints, Herbgrace, Nettle-seed, Bay-leaves, which also cure the poison of Ugh, and Carpasus. The poison of that kind of Crowfoot called Sardonia, is cured with drinking store of Mede, and Milk, Henbane with Nettle-seed, wild Endive, Mustardseed, and Rocket, Cerus, with Mede, hot Milk Peach-stones, with the decoction of Barley with the decoction of Mallows, Quicksilver, with store of Milk drunk: Mercury sublimed with Crystal: Lime, Orpiment, Ratsbane, and such like, with the decoction of Flax-seed, and Milk with Mede. And to conclude th● point, there is no kind of poison, but it findeth cure by our Country Medicines, without borrowing. Thus much for the cure of poison taken into the body by eating or drinking o● them. Pestilences are cured (if with any medicine) with Angelica, Carduus Benedictus, Ar●nike worn about the body, the root of Pimpinel, of Tormentil, Herbgrace Setwal, Walnuts the powder of St. Johns-wort, Juniper-berries Verven. and the chief of all, the noble simpl● Water Germander, and the Duarfgentian. Fo● pestilent sores, and Carbunkles, Scabious, Osb●● Lousestrife, and the Marigold: to the pestilent may be referred the small Pocks, and such like which agree in medicine also with the pestilence And thus much for the cure of poisons. Against bitings and stingings of venomous beasts, and poisoned weapons, there are also both general and particular remedies. The general are these: the ashes of the cuttings of the Vine, and of the Figtree, with Lee, Leeks, Onions, Garlic, the Sea-water, Mustardseed, Endive, Heath, the root of the Seahulver, Bay-berries, Herbgrace, Dill, Sowse-bread, Fennel, Penerial, the rennet of an Hare, the Weasel; and these general. Particular are such as follow. Against the bitings of Phalangium, the seed of Sothernwood, Aniseed, the seed of Trifoly, the fruit of Tamarisk. Against the Scolopendra: wild Rue, Thime, Calamint: against the Scorpion, Basil-seed: against the biting of a Viper, Adder, etc. Sothernwood, Bays, green Organ, the Bramble, the brains of an Hen, Cole-seed. Against the bitings of a mad Dog: Crowgarlike, the river Crab, Balm, an actual cautery, the liver of the mad dog broiled, the blood of a ●og drunk. And thus much for the bitings and stingings of venomous beasts, which also serve against poisoned wounds, else to be cured with the medicine, which respecteth properly the poison, wherewith the weapon hath been infected. The infection without wound, is the French Pocks, whereof (sufficient having been said before) I will here say nothing. This than shall suffice to have written of the cure of all diseases rising of venomous causes: (wherein if nature of her own ●ccord, as it were, and in this great neglect of ●ur Country and native medicines) hath shewed herself so liberal, how large would she be, if with set purpose, and careful endeavour greater trial of things were had, and proof made by learned, and discreet men. Now follow the diseases which are by the excess, or defect of one or two parts of the temper, which are hot, cold, moist, and dry, simple or compounded, which if they be not procured by evil humours, then require they altering only by contrary qualities. If by them: as Phegm, Choler, Melancholy, then are these humours first to be avoided, and diminished.  
Such as require altering, are cured by natures of contrary quality, not only generally, but even answerable to all degrees of excess. And first to begin with hot diseases of the first degree, they are cured with such contraries as follow: Barley, sour Grapes, Roses, Violets, the Oak, Quinces, Damsins, Pellitory of the wall, Docks, Pears, Apples, Hartshorn, the flowers, and whole herb of Mallows: of the second degree, the water Lily, Duck's meat, Knotgrass, Vine leaves, the Bramble, Plantain, Cherries, Led, Cerus, Barberies, Cucumbers, Melons, Gourds, Citrals, whites of Eggs, Meddlers, and Services. Of the third, Purslane, Housleek, Mandrake, Henbane. Of the fourth, Hemlock, Poppy. Thus much for hot diseases.  
Medicines for cold diseases are these, ho● which follow. Of the first degree: Bugloss, Borage, Fumitory, Sage, Horse-hoof, Licorice Maidenhair, Butter, Lilies, Flax-seed, Marrow and Fat, Cammomile, Fenigreek, etc. O● the second: Dill dry, Mugwort Parsley, Saffron, Honey, Balm, Salt, etc. The third: anise, Folefoot, Calamint, Commine, Fennel Hyssop, Mints, etc. The fourth: Garlic, Cresses, Mustard, Celandine the great.  
For moist diseases these medicines are good: Of the first degree dry: Cabbage, Beats, Cammomile, Fennel, Beans, Fenigreek, etc. Of the second: Dill, Mugwort, Shepheards-pouch, Dodder, Lintils, Honey, Rosemary. Of the third: Wormwood, Germarder, Hyssop, Juniper, five-leaved Grass, Organ, Horehound, etc. Of the fourth, Garlic, Cresses, Mustardseed, wild Rue.  
Dry diseases have these medicines: Bugloss, Mallows, Turnips, Endive, for the first degree. The second: Violets, water Lily, Lettuce, Purslane, etc. The third and fourth degrees, as these are evil supplied by strange simples, so are they recompensed by increase of quantities of moist in the two first degrees. And thus much touching medicines belonging to the cure of diseases in one part of the temper, which being in two parts, and without humour, require either tempering the simple qualities aforesaid, in divers simples, or natures wherein such two do exceed, which because they be as plentiful as those I have before mentioned, and that hereof none makes doubt, I will not touch: If this double distemper rise of humour, as for the most part it doth, then is that humour to be diminished, or altogether to be voided out of the body, and then the distemper remaining to be altered. The humours are properly to be voided by purgation, otherwise there be divers: as exercise, fastings, sweeting, urine, and such like. But properly the vacuation of Phlegm, Choler, Melancholy, which are the causes of this double distemper, belonging to purging medicines, which purgations, as the greatest doubt is of nature's provision in them, so they being supplied by our own Country Soil, the greatest part of this controversy may seem to be decided.  
Purgations are either by vomit, or by stool: by vomit our native soil ministereth great choice, as very gently: The Radish roots with the seed, the Pepon root, and Nettle-seed, with more vehemency: Folefoot, leaf and root, the middle bark of the Walnut-tree, and the long blossoms thereof: and yet most vehemently, the seeds of Broom, and the flowers thereof: and these for vomit. By the stool, and first to purge choler: the flowers and leaves of the Peach-tree, Violet flowers and seeds, comparable with Rhewbarb, the great garden Dock, called the Munks, Rhewbarb, Damask-roses, wild Saffron, the powder of Fetherfew, all the kind of spurges, the root of the wild Cowcomber, the root of Briony, and Coloquintida. Melancholy is purged with Coloquintida, the Oak Fern, the juice of Mandrake, the flowers of Broom, Barefoot, and Antimony. Phlegm and water are purged with Coloquintida, the juice of Rhineberries, the gross bark of the Elm, the juice of the root of Walwort, of Elder, the garden Flowerdeluce root juiced. The dry leaves of Laurel, the Seawithwinde, scurby weed.  
These are a show of our English store of Purgers, which if they be too strong, then are they to be ministered in smaller quantity, mixed with those of feebler working: if too weak, then are they to be sharpened with quicker. If they offend any part, they are to be corrected, partly with cordials, and partly with medicines respecting such parts as they annoy. Which wants are not only to be charged upon our Country medicines, seeing even the best of foreign purgers are to be touched with the same. As Scammony is corrected with Quinces, otherwise it troubleth the stomach with a griping and gnawing, it purgeth over vehemently, it hurteth the liver, and is an enemy to the heart, and doth exulcerate where it passeth, and procureth dysenteries, that is to say, ulcers in the guts. Turpeth is corrected with Ginger, and long Pepper. Mastic with oil of sweet Almonds, and Sugar, else overthroweth it the stomach, troubleth, and overdrieth the body. Coloquintida with oil of sweet Almonds, Gum, Tragacanth, or Mastic, else troubleth it vehemently the whole body, procureth the bloody Flix, and miserably tormenteth the guts. So Agarick requireth to be steeped in wine with Ginger and Cloves, yet scarce abstaineth it from overthrowing the stomach. Cassia marreth the stomach, and requireth to be mixed there with stomach medicines. The excessive dryness and binding of Rhewbarb, is corrected with some moistening syrup. Aloe requireth Mastic and Gum, Tragacanth, to mitigate the fretting thereof. Seine marreth the stomach, and either through windiness, or through vehemency of scouring tormenteth the body, and therefore needeth Ginger, Cinnamon, or Spike, sweet Prunes, fat Broth, and Raisins. Hermodactiles offend the stomach, and cause wind, and require Ginger, Cumine, or Spike: and to be short, there is no purger of strange drugs, which requireth not correction of great faults; which correction is taken from such medicines as respect those parts chief, which the purgation, doth annoy, whereof such is our store, that in all parts we be sufficiently armed therewith: but of these shall hereafter be spoken.  
Now if any man think for want of Cassia, Manna, Seine, Rhewbarb, these humours cannot be voided, or not so well; let me then know how the Grecians wanted them, and yet found no lack, using only Scammony, Helleborus, and Colocynthis, Aloes, and Agarick, for their chief purgations. The other being brought in of late in comparison, by the Arabians, who both in knowledge of Physic, and in the works thereof were far inferior to the Grecians, to whom I say (I mean the ancient of them in Galens time, and before) neither Manna, nor Cassia, nor Seen, nor Rhewbarb, nor Hermodactyles were known, either at all, or at the uttermost for purgers: and as for Manna Fuchsius saith, that certain having been about the mount Libanus, made report that the inhabitants of that mountain having eaten their fill thereof, neither feel themselves any whit troubled therewith, nor their bodies loosed, but use it for an ordinary sustenance: whereby again appeareth a great diversity of working of strange medicines, according to the variety of countries'. But what should we say of the nature of Purgers, it is doubtless one of the hardest points at this day in all natural Philosophy; neither mind I at this present to deal therein: but this may I say, as by preparation, one nature may according to the variety thereof receive divers, yea, contrary virtues, so seemeth it to me, that this virtue of purging may be procured to natures of themselves destitute thereof, by preparation. Divers, and in a manner all the metals and minerals being burnt and washed, give over their fretting nature: And Quicksilver (which of itself is not sublimed, or precipitated) becometh a vehement scouring medicine: so likewise Antimony, before it be turned into glass or oil, is not known to purge the body, which being done, is greatly commended against the Dropsy, the French Pox, Melancholy, and divers other diseases, which it cureth by purging: so that it seemeth art of preparation, as it maketh no nature, (that being a work of the universal nature) so may it not only be a preparer, but even a maker of medicines, which medicines are not natures, as hath been before declared, but qualities in natures, even as health, and sickness are not of the nature of man's body, but even accidents thereto. Which being certain, let us then consider what an infinite variety of medicines would arise of things, the same being used not only entire, but diversely prepared, and even corrupted: wherein the industry of Alchmistes, is verily greatly to be commended, and far more excellent than the common Pharmacopolia, rather so to be called then Pharmacopoiya, by the skill whereof divers Natures in one thing are so exactly severed, every one having a divers operation. Now ofttimes because the Humour to be purged is gross and tough, and so hardly yieldeth to the Medicine, or hath some other evil quality, wherewith it might greatly hurt the parts, whereby it passeth; Nature not forgetting this point, hath as abundantly supplied such helps in this behalf, as need requireth: as for the preparing of Choler; Plantine, Roses, the Verjuice of the Grape, Endive, Succory, Sorrel, Sperage, etc. For Melancholy; Violets, Borage, Bugloss, Baulm, Fumitory, Doddar, Ceterach, or Fingerfearn, etc. For Phlegm; Fenel, Parsley, Betony, Nep, Penerial, Thime, Savory, Germander, etc. Of these I less stand upon, because the preparers of humours are least in controversy, although from hence may an argument be drawn, not lightly to be passed over, to prove the store of purgers, seeing nature hath ministered sufficiency of preparers, and as it were Harbingers to the purgers of Country yield. But I will draw to an end, and thus much shall suffice for this present purpose to have been said of Medicines, belonging to the cure of all Diseases in the Complexion. The other kind of Diseases are in the frame of the Body, and of those, if quantity be superfluously increased, and that in the whole body, medicines which do vehemently waste, as those of the third degree hot, diminish the same. If in the part only, medicines which we call eaters and fretters, dispatch the same: as Copperas, the ashes of Spurge, burnt Allom, Mercury sublimed and precipitate, Verdigreece,  Salt, etc. If measure be diminished, and that without loss of substance, the glewing medicines bring cure: whereof our native soil is so stored, that for Wounds, the Surgeons need neither send into Barbary, nor India: as Plantine, Hounds-tongue, the flowers and leaves of Willows, Yarrow, Carduus Benedictus, Betony, Scabious, Verven, Elm-leaves, Adders-tongue, Moon-wort, Herb-turpence, Selfheal; and these if the wounds be in the fleshy parts. If it be breaking of Bones, such are joined with fine flower, the brain of a Dog, with Wool, and the white of an Egg, the Holilock-root, the moss of the Oak, Glue, Roses, Wormwood, etc. If there be loss of substance in the fleshy parts, either by wound, or ulcer, Incarnatives fail us not: as Barley meal, Fenigreek-flower, Figbene-meal; and to be short, all such as be of the first degree hot and dry, without eagerness or fellness. Now the diseases in the straitness of Passages, or Obstructions, if they arise of the humours aforesaid, and in those places whereto the medicine may conveniently come, then are they to be set free by purging. If upon other causes, or in such places whereto the force of the medicines which purgeth cannot come, or hardly entereth, or of such causes as be no humours, but through some other strange matter, or by straitness of the vessels wherethrough the passage is, then are other remedies to be used, whereof we have great plenty, as softners, loser's, and such as enlarge the pores of the body; of which sort are such as be not above the first degree hot, as Camomile, Lilies, new Butter, Swines-grease, Lin-seed, Fenigreek, Briony-root, all Marrows. Also Medicines which make the matter thin, or cut it, and divide it into sundry parts; of which sort are they of the second degree hot, to the third degree: as Dill, Pennerial, Savery, Organ, Thime, Marjoran, Saint-Johns wort, Wormwood, etc. Now if the humour prepared be to be voided by place medicine, than Salt, Salt-water, Lie, Ashes, Allom, and Lime, take place; and if more vehemency be needful, Calamint, wild Cresses, Treacle, Mustard, Garden Cresses, Mustardseed, Nettles, Dragons, all the Spurges are to be numbered among the best: and if these serve not, the root of Crowfoot will make the supply. If the humour cannot be voided conveniently, except it be altered into another matter, of which sort is penned blood out of the veins, then are ripening medicines first to be applied: as Butter, Wheat-flower, Sorel, Horse-hoof, Lilies, Marsh-mallows, Onions roasted; which are all singular ripeners. If the matter be tough and clammy, the scourers avoid that inconvenience: Endive, Succory, red Roses, Plantine, Housleek, Agrimony, Betony, Honey, Horehound, Wormwood, Baulm, Pimpernel, Watergermander, etc. Now if the matter which stoppeth be the stone, as in the Kidneys, or Bladder, then are these Medicines most convenient for that use: Grummel-seed, Goats-blood, the juice of Mugwort, Seahulver-root, the stones found in the great Snails heads, Radish-roots, Saxifrage, etc. If any hard matter be in other parts, the softners, and wasters, and dissolvers are to be applied. Thus much touching the cure of Obstructions and straight Passages, which according to the variety of place where they light, cause sundry Diseases, or rather take to them sundry names: As in the Brain, the Apoplexy; in the bladder of Gall, the yellow Jaundice; in the Spleen, the black; in the Sinews of motion, the Palsy or trembling; in the Lungs, Asthma, etc. Now if these Passages be too large, they are to be stopped and straitened with cooling and drying medicines; of which sort, in a manner, are all of sharp and sour taste: as Vine leaves, the Briar and Bramble, Barberries, Meddlers, and Services, Quinces, and such as are of themselves, or by mixture with liquor clammy; as Wheat-flower, Bean-flower, the white of an Egg, Plaster, washed Lime, lethargy, and Ceruse. Now moreover, because in all good cure, not only the cause of the Diseases is to be oppugned, but the part also to be strengthened, which must needs, partly by the cause of the disease, and partly even by the conflict of the same cause with the medicine be feebled, that nothing be wanting unto us for the restoring of health, nature hath provided even special munition for every part of the body, that the whole furniture against all diseases might be complete: As for the Head, Anniseeds, Folefoot, Betony, Calamint, Eyebright, Lavender, Bays, Marjoran, Peony, Sage, Rue, or Herbgrace, Lettuce, the Leaves and Flowers of Water-lilies, Roses, Garden Nightshade. For the Lungs, Calamint, Dragons, Licorice, Enula campana, Hyssop, Linseed, Horehound, the Lungs of a Fox, Scabious, Water Germander, Barley, garden Poppy, Violets, Horsehoof. For the Heart, Bugloss, Borage, Saffron, Baulm, Basil, Rosemary, Violets, the bone of a Stag's heart, Roses. For the Stomach, Wormwood, Mints, Betony, Baulm, Mint, Quinces, Meddlers, Sorrel, Purslane. For the Liver, Dartspine, or Chamepitys, Germander, Agrimony, Fenel, Endive, Succory, Liverwort, Barbaries. For the Spleen: Maidenhair, Sperage, Fingerfearn, Do●der, D●●der of Thime, Hops, the bark of the Ash-tree. For the Kidneys, Seahulver, Grumel, Parsley, Kneholme, Saxifrage, Mallows, Plantine, Pellitory of the Wall. For the Womb, Mugwort, Penerial, Fetherfew, Savin, Walwort, Juniper. For the Joints, Camomile, Saint-Johns wort, Organ, Rue, Mullen, Primrose, and Cowslips, the less Centaury, and Chamepitys.  
Thus have I (gentle Reader) briefly run over the Diseases cured by Medicine, having passed by those which either rise of these, as evil figure by immoderate excess, or defect of quantity, unequally increasing or wanting, or number, evil situation for want of good couplance through distemper, and such like, as also the compound of those which require (only composition excepted) the same medicines. Whereby evidently mayest thou see the goodness of God towards thee, in so plentifully furnishing thine own soil with such variety of medicines, which if it yield thee such plenty in this neglect, and loathing of our country remedies, what fruit were thou to look for, if diligence and pains were used? Verily, right well might we both avoid the dangers before declared, ease ourselves of immoderate charge, and have better assurance of our medicines then we have: yea, very well satisfy our daintiness, even with strange simples, or find out such as should not only in virtue's match with the spices of India, (which is a plain case) as Rosemary matcheth Cinnamon; Basil, Cloves; Sage, the Nutmegs; Saffron, Ginger; Thime, Musk; Savery, the leaf called Malabathrum, but even in pleasantness of taste express the same. And as Avens doth most lively represent the taste of Cloves unto us, so likely is it, if search were made, and this enterprise of examining and trying our native simples taken in hand by men of wisdom and understanding, we should no more be destitute of spices, than India or Arabia, although neither Indish, nor Arabic: and as the small jags of the roots of Avens fail little from Cloves in taste, so might we as likely find that which were little inferior to Cinnamon, Ginger, Nutmegs, and Mace; not only in likeness of working, but even in similitude of nature: but I will refer this to that time, when either men shall be more careful for public benefit then private gain, or sufcient allowance bestowed of such men as should spend their days only in searching out the virtues of natures, which at this time is greatly wanting, even as for all other professions of arts. Our English soil is greatly commended, as it justly deserveth, for temper of the air, and of such as have experience thereof, of strangers, and great masters of simples, for variety of excellent medicines carrieth great praise, who report they find such simples in the valleys and woods of our North parts, as they find in the tops of mountains in the South Countries. So that certain Gardens in England, especially in London, are able to afford great variety of medicines, even of forreigh simples to all diseases. And if the Dittany of Candy, the Cyprus-tree, the Nicotian out of India, Coloquintida, the Almond-tree, the Pomegranate-tree, will brook our soil, and flourish therein, as they do, we need not doubt, but certain and sufficient provision of all medicines, I mean all kinds, but not all of every kind, which were unnecessary, neither can any Country challenge the same) might be made partly of a voluntary yield of the same, partly by planting, and sowing with just temper of the mould, and situation of the Plant, out of our own Country, both with less charge, and less danger, for all diseases. Now if it be demanded, why then both the practice is, and hath been hitherto otherwise? I will only say thus much for answer, although much more might be said. The whole Art of Physic hath been taken, partly from the Greeks, and partly from the Arabians, and as the precepts of the Art, so likewise the means and instruments, wherewith for the most part the precepts of the same Art are executed, which hath bred this error in times past; now by a tradition received, that all duty of the Physician touching restoring health, is to be performed by the same remedies not in kind only, but even specially, with those which the Grecian and Arabian Masters used, who wrote not for us, but for their Greeks and Arabikes, tempering their medicines to their states, although their rules be as common as reason to all nations. Galen saith in his first Book of preserving health, he giveth the rules thereof no more to Germans, then to Boars and Bears, but to the Grecians, which declareth they respected their own Nation, both in rule and medicine, Who also the Arabians in the same point followed. Now we receiving the same medicines with the rule, must needs fall into the absurdities aforesaid, much like to the evil Musician, which playeth only upon the instrument, whereon his Master taught him, which if he assay upon another, committeth divers discords among other evil graces in Music. But the wife and learned Physician, being furnished with other Arts more general than his own, whereto natural Philosophy most highly approacheth, being a knowledge of all natural things, not of Arabia, or India, or Greece, but universally findeth in all countries' medicines for diseases, nature yielding sufficiency of contraries to all sorts of them, whereto the inhabitants are subject; at the least in all quarters, which rise not of a blind tradition, but from a certain knowledge of nature. This than I take to be the chief cause of this custom in using strange medicines, which ignorance of nature doth feed and nourish daily. I blame none, neither tax I any man, and I dare say, there is not a learned Physician in this Land, who is not able to perform this point with English medicines, if they would take the matter in hand; whereto rather I exhort them, then instruct them, being a thing sufficiently known unto them. For it is not the Nutmeg, or the Mace that strengtheneth the brain, and cureth cold diseases, and moist diseases thereof, but a drying and warming virtue, with a secret agreement which they have with the brain to preserve the same, which being found as sufficient in Sage, in Rosemary, in Betony, and such like, the Nutmeg, and the Mace, with such other spices for that turn may be discharged. The same may be said of all strange natures, which although we want, yet have we such as are suffient to serve instead: for as every nation hath a peculiar condition of the same disease, so must the medicine also needs be of another sort; and as the medicine varieth, so why the matter of the same medicine should not also vary, I know not. The medicine varieth in respect of the complexion of the Patient, being other in one country, then in another, which medicines is, as it were, seated in nature, which hath many qualities besides that medicinable; which quality, if the medicine be good, must agree with the Patient's complexion: if not, then hurteth it greatly. If it agreeth with the complexion of a Moor, an Indian, or Spaniard, then must it needs disagree with ours; which disagreement and want, if it be patched up unto us by correctors, yet declareth the patching, that the medicine is rather by force constrained, then naturally yieldeth itself to the remedy, and so of itself unmeet. Wherefore as well the matter thereof is to be changed, as the medicine itself. And if those corrections need also correction, what then? I will not say that all simples need their correctors, although it be avouched of some, and such as carry great authority for their skill in Physic. Thus have I (gentle Reader) for thy benefit I hope made a way to the greater use of our home medicines, wherein if I have said freely my mind against strange drugs, thou mayest understand that otherwise the way were stopped to our English medicines; ●nd blame me not, if I say as much for ours, as the strangers say for theirs. And if as yet by custom ●t seem hard to alter the common course, let each practiser look to that, I set no laws to any; only ● crave liberty in this point, both pleasant and profitable to English men. Wherein I have examples of excellent Philosophers and learned Physicians, neither broach I any idle conceits of my own. Of this mind is Plinius, Secundus, Fuchsius, Rulandus, Symphorianus, Campegius, Octavianus, Horatianus Physician to Valentinian the Emperor, that all Countries have sufficient medicines for all diseases. I know much more might be said of this point, but this I thought sufficient.  
The End.   

The Sovereign Virtues of Carduus Benedictus. In English, The Blessed Thistle: which for the Operation and great Efficacy that God hath given unto it, may be rightly so named. As also of the rare Virtues of ANGELICA.  

It is excellent for the Head, and the parts thereof.  
THis Herb eaten, or the Powder or Juice of it drunk, keepeth a man from the Headache, and Megrim; it also driveth it away. Being taken in meat or drink, it is good against Dizziness, and the swimming giddiness of the Head. It comforteth Brain, sharpeneth the Wit, strengtheneth the Memory; it is a singular remedy against Deafness: for it amendeth the thickness of the Hearing, and provokes Sleep. The juice of it laid to the Eyes, quickeneth the Sight: Also the water in the which the Powder, or Herb dried, is steeped, hath the same effect, if the eyes be washed therewith. The Herb eaten, is good for the the same purpose. The Water or Juice dropped into the eyes, cureth the redness, bloodshotten, and itching of them.  
Some writ, that it doth strengthen the Teeth, they being washed and rubbed with a cloth dipped in the water or juice thereof. The powder stauncheth blood, that floweth out of the Nose, being applied to the place.   

It Comforteth the Stomach.  
The Broth of the Herb, otherwise called the decoction, drunk in wine, is good for an evil stomach; it helpeth a weak stomach, and causeth an appetite to meat. Also the wine wherein it hath been boiled, doth cleanse and mundify the infected stomach. The powder thereof eaten with Honey, or drunk in Wine, doth ripe and digest cold Phlegm, purgeth and bringeth up that which is in the breast, scouring the same of gross humours, and causeth to breathe more easily. The Herb chewed in the mouth, healeth the stench of the breath.   

It helpeth the Heart.  
The powder being taken before a man is infected, preserveth him from the Pestilence. And a dram of it, or a walnut-shell full, taken immediately after a man feeleth himself infected, expelleth the venom of the Pestilent infection from the heart: so that if man sweat afterward, he may be preserved. The same effect hath the herb boiled in wine, or in the urine of a healthful man-child, drunk: I mean the decoction or liquor, from the which the herb is strained, after that it hath been boiled therein.  
The leaves, powder, juice, or water of the herb drunk, the patiented well covered with clothes, sweeting three hours, expelleth poison taken in at the mouth, and other corruption or infection that may hurt and annoy the Heart.   

It helpeth the Liver, Lungs, and other parts of the body.  
This herb boiled in wine, and drunk hot about a quarter of an hour before the fit, and the patiented afterward well covered in the bed, driveth away the Ague. The powder and water of this herb drunk with wine, hath the same effect. The juice drunk with wine, is good against shortness of Breath, and the diseases of the Lungs. It strengtheneth the members, and is good against the ache of the body. This herb boiled in the urine of a healthful manchild, and drunk, doth help the Dropsy, breaketh all Aposthumes, mastereth the Falling-sickness. The powder eaten or drunk, helpeth against the stitches in the side. It is also good for them that begin to have the Consumption, called the Ptysick. The herb eaten, doth strengthen the trembling and Palsy members. The powder ministered in a clyster, helpeth the Colic, and other diseases of the guts. The water drunk, hath the same effect▪ The juice drunk with wine, or the herb boiled in wine, and drunk hot, breaketh the stone, and driveth out gravel: being sodden in water, and the patiented sitting over it, so that the hot vapour may come unto the diseased place, it helpeth against the same infirmity. After the same manner being used, it is good against the Green sickness. Also it healeth the griping pains of the belly: it openeth the stopping of the members, pierceth and causeth urine. The leaves boiled in wine, and drunk as is aforesaid, provoke sweats, consumes the evil blood, and engenders good Also the wine or water, in the which this herb is boiled, being drunk, consumeth the evil humours, and preserveth the good. It is excellent for one that is bruised with a fall or otherwise. The leaves, juice, broth, powder, and water of the herb, is very good to heal the canker, and old rotten, festered sores. The leaves bruised or pounded, and laid to, are good against burn, hot swell carbuncles, and sores that are hard to be cured, especially, for them of the Pestilence: and also they are good to heal the bitings of venomous worms, and serpents, or creeping beasts. Finally the down coming of the flowers thereof, when the seed is ripe, doth heal cuts and new wounds, without pain.  
Thus much of Carduus Benedictus gathered out of the Herbals of divers learned men, which although it may be sufficient, yet I have thought good here to set down that, which two painful and skilful Physicians, Matthiolus and Fuchsius, have written hereof in Latin: whose words, as (perhaps) they may bring some credit to that which is already written: so in them something more may be learned, or at the least, something ●s uttered for the better understanding of that aforesaid. Their words in English are as followeth.  
Carduus Benedictus is a Plant of great virtue, especially against the Pestilence, and also against deadly poisons: aswel taken inwardly, or laid outwardly to the stingings and bite of venomous Beasts. They are healed with this Herb, that are sick of a Quarten, or other Agues, that come with a cold, and that by the drinking of the decoction, or stilled water, or a dram of the powder. In like manner being drunk, it helpeth infants that are troubled with the falling-sickness. The decoction taken in wine, doth mitigate the pain of the guts, and reins, and other griefs of the belly; it provoketh sweat; it killeth the worms, and is good against other diseases of the womb. The Herb itself as well green as dried, both drunk, and laid outwardly to the grief, doth heal ulcers. On such exraordinary occasions it is mingled with the drink made of Guacum, wine, and water, for the French Pox. Thus much Mathiolus.  
Learned Writers affirm, that it taketh away the stops of the inward bowels; it provoketh urine, breaketh the stone, and helpeth them that are stung of venomous beasts. They say also, that they are not to be infected that take it in their meat or drink, before they come into the evil air, that it helpeth them much that are already infected. Moreover, most agree, that it i● a remedy against the bitings of Serpents. Finally, to conclude, late writers say, That it cureth the pains of the head, taketh away giddiness, recovereth the memory, being taken in meat or drink. Also it helpeth festering sores, especially of the Paps and Teats, if the powder thereof be laid upon it. Thus much Fuchsius.  
By this we may in part understand, with how great virtue, God hath endued, and (as I may say) blessed this herb. To sum up all, it helpeth the body inwardly and outwardly; it strengthens almost all the principal members of the body; as the brain, the heart, the stomach, the liver, lungs, and kidneys. I may say it is a preservative against all diseases; for it provoketh sweat, by which the body is purged of much corruption which breedeth disease. It expelleth the venom of infection: it consumes ill blood, and all naughty humours, whereof diseases are engendered. Therefore giving God thanks for his goodness, which hath given us this Herb, and all other things for the benefit of our health; it will in the next place be convenient to consider how to make use of it in the application.   

How Carduus Benedictus may be taken.  
It is to be observed, that we may use this herb, and enjoy the virtues thereof four ways. First, in the green leaf. Secondly, in the powder. Thirdly, in the juice. And fourthly, in the distillation. The green leaf may be taken with bread and butter, as we use to take Sage and Parsley in a morning to breakfast. And if it be too bitter, it may be taken with honey instead of butter. It may be taken in pottage boiled among other herbs: and being shred small, it may be drunk with Ale, Beer, or Wine. It is sometims given in Beer with aqua composita, and that without harm, when the stomach of the patiented is weak, and he not troubled with any hot disease. The juice of it is either outwardly applied; the leaf, powder, and water of it, is received in the mouth.  
It may be taken in Pottage also in the green leaf, or with Wine; which if it be burned and drunk hot, it is the better. If you please, you may boil it with Wine, and honey or sugar to make it sweet, and then drink it very warm.  
The powder may be taken with honey upon a knives point, or with bread and honey if you please; or else it may be drunk with Ale, Beer, or Wine. The distilled water may be drunk by itself alone, or else with white Wine before meat, or with Sack after meat, especially if the stomach be weak and cold.  
The liquor or broth in the which this herb is boiled, may be made thus. Take a quart of running water, seethe it and scum it, then put into it a good handful of the herb, and let it boil until the better part of the liquor be consumed: then drink it with wine, or if you think fit with honey or sugar, to make it more pleasant in the taste. Or else make a Potion thus: Take a good handful of the leaves, with a handful of Raisins of the Sun, washed and stoned, and some Sugarcandy, and Licorice sliced small, boil them all together in a quart of Water, Ale, or Wine: If it be too bitter, it may be made sweet, as is aforesaid,  
It is also to be observed, that the Powder and Water of the Herb is most to be regarded, and specially the water: For they may be long preserved, so that one may have them always in a readiness to use, as need shall require, when a● the juice cannot be had, nor the green leaf. And the Water (which only is void of bitterness) may be drunk by itself alone: for the stomach and taste will bear it, and like of it as well as of Rose-water. Notwithstandig, if the seed be sown as soon as it is ripe, one may have the Herb both winter and summer, from the time that it beginneth to grow, until the seed wax ripe again. Therefore I council all them that have Gardens, to nourish it, that they may have it always for their own use, and the use of their Neighbours that stand in need of it.   

Of the time and quantity to be observed in taking of Carduus Benedictus.  
Here (perhaps) some will ask a question of the time, and quantity, which things are to be considered in taking of medicines. As touching the time, if it be taken for a preservative, it is good to take it in the morning, or in the evening, before one goes to bed, because that is a convenient time to sweat, for one that feeleth not himself greatly diseased. But if a man take it to expel any ill humours, it is good to take it whensoever any grief is felt in the body, immediately to go to bed, and sweat.  
As touching the quantity, one needs not be so careful in taking this Herb, as in taking those medicines, that do purge vehemently by egestion, (as some term it) or by vomit. For ●n taking them, if great discretion be not used, ●n considering the time, the quantity, and the state of a man's body, they may cause present death: or otherwise they may much weaken the Patient.  
This I counsel all that use it, that when they, or any of theirs, are diseased, they defer not the time, but take it presently, as soon as it may be had: and that they do not think it sufficient to take it once; but that they take it three or four times at the least.    

Of the Sovereign Virtues of ANGELICA.  
NOw I have written what is sufficient of Carduus Benedictus, I will add unto it another 〈◊〉 much like it in the virtue, called Angelica, that if the one be wanting, the other may be taken. As ●●uching the name, the latest writers in my judgement, most to be credited in this matter▪ find not other name for it, neither in English nor in Latin. Howsoever, I know that some much to be commended for their learning, an● also for the publishing of the same, to the benefit of their country, have given it other name● but I think erroneously. If we English it is as th● Latin word soundeth, we may call it Herb A●gel, or, The Angelical or Angellike Herb. 〈◊〉 what occasion this excellent name was first gi●● unto it, I know not; unless it were for the excellent Virtues thereof, or for that God made 〈◊〉 known to man, by the ministry of an Angel. I suppose the former cause rather to be true: howsoever, as I am not able to prove the other, so I think no man can give any good reason to the contrary. For this we know, that God hath made his Angel's ministering Spirits, to serve us, for the safeguard of our souls, and also of our bodies. But upon what occasion soever the name was given, it is excellent, and so are the properties.  
Angelica is hot, and dry, at least in the third degree. All the later Writers agree upon this and experience proveth the same, that it is goo● against Poison, pestilent Airs, and the Pestilence itself. The Practitioners of Germany writ● thus of it: If any man be suddenly taken either with the Pestilence, or with any Pestilent Ague, with too much sweeting, let him drink of the powder of the root half a dram, mingled with a dram of Treacle, in three or four spoonfuls of the water of Angelica, distilled from the roots and after his going to bed, covering himself well, ●t him fast (at the least) three hours after: which if he do, he will begin to sweat, and by ●he help of God, he shall be cured of his dis●ase. For lack of Treacle one may take a whole ●ram of the Root of Angelica in powder, with 〈◊〉 much of the distilled Water as aforesaid, 〈◊〉 ●ill have the same effect.  
The Root of Angelica well steeped in Vinegar, and smelled to in time of the Pestilence; 〈◊〉 the same Vinegar being sometime drunk ●●ing, preserveth from infection. But in my ●●dgement, it is better to take an Orange or ●emon, cut off the top, pick out the meat, prick full of small holes, put into it a piece of sponge, 〈◊〉 fine linen cloth, dipped in the foresaid Vinegar, and smell unto it.  
The water distilled out of the roots of An●●lica, or the powder of the same, is good against ●●awing and pains of the belly occasioned with ●●ld, if the body be not bound withal. It is ●od against all inward diseases; as the Pleurisy, 〈◊〉 the beginning, before the heat of the inflammation be come into the body: for that it dissolveth 〈◊〉 scattereth abroad such humours as use to cause ●●e Pleurisy. Moreover, it is good for the disease's 〈◊〉 the Lungs, if they come of a cold cause: and 〈◊〉 the Strangurian, if from a cold cause, or of a ●●pping. It is good for a woman that is in tra●●. It expelleth wind that is in the body, and ●eth the pain that cometh from the fame. The 〈◊〉 ●t may be sod in wine or water, as the nature ●he sick requireth. The juice of the root put into an hollow tooth, taketh away the ache; the same effect hath the distilled water, being put in at the ear.  
The juice and water of Angelica, quickens the eye sight, and breaks the little films that cover the eyes, causing darkness of the sight. Of the roots of Angelica and Pitch, may be made a good Emplaster against the bitings of mad beasts. The water, the juice, or the powder of this root, sprinkled upon the diseased place, 〈◊〉 a very good remedy against old, and deep fore●● For they do scour and cleanse them, and cover the bones with flesh. The water of the same, in a cold cause, is good to be laid on places diseased with the Gout and Sciatica. For it stauncheth the pain, and melteth away the tough humours that are gathered together. The seed is of like virtue with the root. The wild Angelica, that groweth here in the low woods, and by the waterside, is not of such virtue as the other is; howbeit the Surgeons use to seethe the root of it in Wine, to heal green wounds. These properties I have gathered out of German● Writers. I have not as yet proved them all m● self, but divers of them I have proved, and hav● found them to be true. I have set down th● pill of an Orange, or Lemmon; the me●● whereof is also commended by Physicians, to b● both a preservative good against poison, an● the infection of the Pestilence  
Late Writers affirm, that the roots of Angelica are opposite to all poison, and infection If any be infected with the plague, or poisone● they give him immediately to drink a dram of the powder of this root with Wine in the winter; and in summer with distilled water of Carduus benedictus; then get him to bed, and cover him, until he have sweat fondly. The same root being taken fasting in the morning, or but held in the mouth, doth keep, and preserve the body from the evil of the air. The leaves of Angelica pounded with the leaves of Rue and Honey, are very good to be laid to the bitings of mad dogs, presently taken after the hurt, the Wine being drunk, wherein the root, or leaves of Angelica hath been boiled.  
To conclude, I have thought good to write of these Herbs Carduus Benedictus, and Angelica, either because they are not known to many; or else that Artists would have their secret virtues concealed. But I do not think it fit, that any thing should be secret, which may be profitable for my Country. For God hath not made any thing for the use of a few, but for the commodity of all men. And we that are the children of God ought to frame ourselves so, that we may be like affectioned unto our Father, who is beneficial to all men; who hath made his sun to shine, and his rain to rain upon the wicked as well as upon the good; that is to say, who feedeth all both good and bad; by heat and moisture, which proceed from the Sun, and the rain, all things grow upon the earth, whereby our lives are maintained. I conclude, that forasmuch as Almighty God is good unto all men, we ought to be like minded, and not to keep secret, nor to hid any thing that may profit one another. I wish all men rightly to use the good creatures of God, and to give him hearty thanks for all his benefits.   

Fragmenta Aurea.  
The first Golden CENTURY OF Chemical and Physical Judicial APHORISMS, AND Admirable Secrets.  
BY Nich. Culpeper, Gent. late Student in Physic and Astrology.  
LONDON, Printed for Nath. Brook, at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhill, 1659.   

Fragmenta aurea. The first Golden Century of Chemical and Physical Judicial Aphorisms, and admirable Secrets.  

1.  
THe Hoofs of the forefeet of a Cow dried and taken any way, 
Mizaldus.  increase milk in Nurses: the smoke of them being burnt drives away Mice.   

2.  
If you fry Earthworms in Goose-grease, and drop a drop or two of the Grease warm (being strained) in your ear, helps the pains thereof. I suppose you had best first slit them, and wash them in white wine.   

3.  
The water wherein Smiths quench their iron 
Ben●●i●●●●  being drunk, helps the Spleen. So doth eating Capers.   

4.  
Unslaked Lime beaten into powder, and mixed with black Soap, takes away a Win being anointed with it.   

5.  

Mizaldus.  If any Wood or Iron be gotten into the flesh, and you cannot get it out, dip a tent in the juice of Valerian, and put it into the wound, if the wound be big enough; also stamp some of the herb, and bind it to the wound with a cloth, it will not only draw out the thorn or iron, but also speedily heal the wound.   

6.  
To rub the Teeth and Gums every morning, and after meat too, if you please, with Salt, is the best way under the sun to preserve the teeth sound and clean, from rotting and aching.   

7.  

Minus.  An excellent cure for the Gout, is to take a young Puppy, all of one colour, if you can get such a one, and cut him in two pieces through the back alive, and lay one side hot to the grieved place, the inner side I mean.   

8.  
Strong Ale sod till it be thick, is an excellent salve for old aches, and also for sores.   

9  
If any suspect he hath gotten the P●●rifie, let him hold his breath as long as he can, and if he can let it go without coughing, he hath not the Pleurisy, otherwise he hath.   

10.  
The Coals of a Birch-tree beaten into powder, and put into any wound or sore, heals it not only perfectly, but also speedily.   

11.  
A flayed Mouse dried, and beaten into powder, and given at a time, helps such as cannot hold their water, or that have a Diabetes, if you do the like three days together.   

12.  
Betony, Penerial, or sweet Bazil, 
Mizaldus.  in powder given to a Woman in travel, hasteneth her delivery. I suppose it would be very requisite, the time of gathering of them were observed.   

13.  
If a piece of fine Gold, viz. Angel-gold, 
Golumell● Mizaldus▪  (or for want of it Leaf-gold, but than you need not take it out again) be put into juice of Lemons, and after twenty four hours taken out again: a little Angelica root in powder put into the juice, and drunk up by such as have the Plague, cures to admiration.  
I suppose if the time of gathering the Angelica were observed (for it is an herb of Sol) it would be far more effectual, as also the time of ●●●tting in the Gold.   

14.  
A little Bay-salt dried, and beaten to powder and mixed with the yolk of an Egg, and applied to a Felon, (called in Sussex an Andicom) doth not only speedily cure it, but also draws away the pain and swelling from the parts adjacent, which is usual to such infirmities.   

15.  
Bay-salt finely powdered, and mixed with Fasting-spittle, and applied Plasterwise to any place where superfluous hair grows, doth take it away: The like effect hath Pigeons dung applied in like manner.   

16.  
Bleeding at the nose will be speedily stopped, 
Mizaldus.  if you writ in the Patient's forehead with his own blood, these words, Consummatum est.   

17.  
The powder of the tooth of a Boar, mixed with new oil of Linseed, 
Mizaldus.  for that which is stolen stinketh) doth presently cure the Squinancy, if the grieved place be but touched with it with a feather.   

18.  
The coals of a  Vine, in powder mixed with Honey, doth make the teeth which are rubbed with it, as white as Ivory.   

19  
Strong Aqua vitae mixed so full of Sugar▪ as that you may eat it with a knives point▪ taken last at night, cures hoarseness in a short ti●●▪ an ounce of Aqua vitae will serve at one time.   

20.  
The dross which is left in pressing out Linseed oil, being laid to steep in running water, 
Mizaldus.  and the hands washed with it, makes them of a delicate colour; and if you will take the pains to bathe your body now and then with it, it will beautify your skin.   

21.  
The blood of a white Hen smeered all over a face that is full of freckles, 
Mizaldus.  and let alone till it be dry, and then wiped off, clean taketh away the freckles and spots.   

22.  
Cantharideses wrapped in a Spider's web, and hanged over one that hath a quartane Ague, 
Mizal●  perfectly cures them.   

23.  
Also for any Ague, just when the fit comes upon you, take half a pint of Sack, and boil it to a quarter of a pint, with a little Garlic sliced thin in it, and drink it as w●●m as you can, it will suddenly cure you to admiration.   

24.  
The decoction of Hollihock mixed with a little honey and butter, doth (being drunk warm) wonderfully ease the Colic.   

25.  
A Plaster made of young Swallows, being ●●rnt, nest and all, doth (being applied to the throat) ease the Squinancy, and swelling of the throat; you may make it into a Plaster with oil and wax.   

26.  
If you use (when you go to bed) to rub your finger between your toes, and then smell to them, you shall find it an excellent prevention, both of Gramps and Palsies.   

27.  
The little bone of the knee-joynt of a Hares hinder leg, doth presently help the Cramp, if you do but touch the grieved place with it.   

28.  
A little piece of the tongue of a Fox (moistened, and made soft in vinegar, if it be too dry) applied to the place, draws out a thorn, or any thing else that is gotten deep into the flesh.   

29.  

Mizaldus.  The three-cornered stone which is to be found in the hinder part of the head of a Carp near the neck, being beaten to powder, and a little of it snuffed up into the nose doth instantly stay the bleeding of it.   

30.  

Mizaldus.  The head of a Cat that is all black burned in a new pot or crucible, and made into fine ashes, and a little of it blown (with a quill into an eye that hath a web or pearl growing before it, three times a day, is a most sovereign remedy.  
If in the cure the Patient feel any burning in 〈◊〉 ●e, then take three or four Oaken-leaves, 〈…〉 ●ste●●em in water, and lay them to the eye, and when they have lain awhile turn them.  
Mizaldus affirms this hath cured such as have been blind a whole year.   

31.  
Snails either with shells or without, 
Hollerius.  being beat with rennet, and applied Plasterwise, will draw out any thorn, or any thing else that is gotten never so deep in the flesh.  
Also applied to the Navel of one that hath the Dropsy, it draweth out all the waters; but it must not be removed till it either drop off of itself, or have drawn out all the water.   

32.  
The roots of Henbane ●eing stamped, 
Mizaldus. Alberius magnus.  warmed, and applied to the place, cures the Gout, both in the feet and knees; the reason is, because it is an Herb of J●●●●●●, who Signs Sagitarius and Pisces rules the Knees and Feet.   

33.  
Take nine red Snails, and put them between two tile-stones so as they slide not away, then dry them in an oven, and give one (beaten into powder) of them every morning fasting in white wine, to one that is bursten, and let him fast an hour after: and if that cure h●● not, give him nine more.   

34.  
Knotgrass is an herb of the 〈◊〉, 
Mizaldus.  and cures diseases of the heart and back, stone-cholick, burstness, and resisteth the pestilence.   

35.  
The paring of an Apple cut somewhat thick, and the inside laid to eyes troubled with a hot Rheum, and bound on at night when they go to bed, giveth speedy help, contrary to expectation.   

36.  
They say Piece-grease, (such as is fried out of Shoemakers Leather) is an excellent remedy for the Gout.   

37.  
Shell-snails dried in an oven, and a drachm of the powder of them taken at a time, doth in nine or ten days cure the black Jaundice.  
It must be taken in Ale in the morning fasting.   

38.  
Butter, Aqua vitae, and Beasts Gall, of each a like quantity mixed together, cures any Ache or Stitch, being anointed with it every morning and evening.   

39  

Galen. Gesner.  The powder of man's bones cure the Falling-sickness, according to Galen; but Gesner avoucheth he hath done it often with the 
* Cranium humanum.  Scull of a man not buried, which is the most probable, although the other may be true,   

40.  
The powder of Stonepitch given in small Beer two or three mornings together, is a notable remedy for such as are bruised, and cheap enough too.   

41.  
The root of Vervine hanged about the neck of one that hath the Kings-evil, gives a strange and unhoped for cure.  
The reason of it is, because Vervine is the herb of Venus, and Taurus is her house. For the time of gathering this, and other Herbs, I refer you to other Treatises, where the matter is particularly handled.   

42.  
The tender horns of Bucks, 
Cribonius largus.  whilst they be covered with a thin hairy skin, being sliced, and put into a new pot well covered, and so dried in an oven, that they may be beaten into powder, and some of it given in wine, with pepper and myrrh, gives speedy ease for the Colic.   

43.  
Pains of the Bladder and Cod, as also the Colic, will be cured if you apply to it once or twice Pellitory of the wall bruised.   

44.  
A Hedge-sparrow is of a notable virtue, 
Aetius, Egeneta, Mizaldus, and Experience.  for the guts detracted, and the feathers taken off, and so either kept in Salt, or converted into Mummy and eaten, (the Birds I mean, not the guts nor feathers) it will break the stone, either in the Reins or Bladder, and bring it forth.   

45.  
The Roots of white Lilies boiled in water, ●nd the Face washed with the water, takes away ●he redness thereof.   

46.  

Mizaldus. Galen.  A green jasper hung about the neck of one that hath a weak stomach, so that it touch the skin near the region of the mouth of the stomach, doth wonderfully strengthen it.   

47.  
If you stamp Hariff a little, and lay it in soak in spring-water four and twenty hours, and then wash any scald or scabby place with it, quickly heals it.   

48.  
If you boil Parsley and Time well in white wine, and in a draught of it put a spoonful of white Soap (I suppose Castle soap) scraped small, and this being drunk up, causeth one speedily to make water; and is a precious medicine for the Stone.   

49.  

Arnoldus.  Carduus Benedictus stamped and boiled with Barrows-grease, Wine and Wheat-flour, to an Ointment; this is so sovereign that it cures all Ulcers, Fistula's, and Sores, yea, though the very Bones be bare.   

50.  

Mizaldus.  A handful of Mugwort stamped and boiled in sweet Salad-oil, till the juice be consumed, makes an oil which gives speedy ease to the Gout.   

51.  
If your nose bleed on the right side, crush the little finger of the right hand; 
Mizaldus.  if on the le●● side, of the left hand, and it will cease.   

52.  
If you give ten grains of red Coral in ●owder to a Child in Breast-Milk for the ●rst sustenance it takes, 
Arnoldus de villâ nouâ  and it will never ●e troubled with the Falling Sickness. It ●ems by this, it mightily strengthens the ●rain.   

53.  
There is an Herb called Speregrass, 
Cupton.  stamp 〈◊〉, and fill a Walnut-shell full of it, and apply it to the place pained with the Gout, ●nde it on, and within six or eight hours it ●ill draw a Blister, which cut, and let out the ●ater, and keep a Colewort-leaf to it, till the malady be remedied; this hath been known to ●re such as have been troubled with this disease ●enty years.   

54.  
Boyl the Lees of Oil till half be consumed, 
G. V●rr●. Ca●o.  ●th which anoint the bottom-corners and feet 〈◊〉 a Chest or Press you put clothes in, and 〈◊〉 Moths will trouble them; but you had ●t let it be dry before you put your clothes   

55.  
Take a handful of green Rue, gathered in hour of Sol, he being strong, ten Figs, as ●ny Walnuts, an ounce of Juniper-berries; ●t all these well together with a little Bay●, and take the quantity of a Hazelnut ●ry morning; it defends the body from silence, Poison, or any Sickness, even extreme old age. Mithridates 
Mithre●ates.  was the Author of it, and therefore let him have the credit of it: besides with this only, and the blessing of God upon it, have I cured such of the Ptysick, or Consumption of the Lungs, that have been so weak, they could not walk about a chamber without leading.   

56.  
Some men are so gross and fat, that they can hardly walk or do any business; let such eat three or four cloves of Garlic every morning with Bread and Butter, and fast two hours after it, and let their drink be water wherein Fennel hath been boiled, it will in a very small time ease them.   

57  
That which is shorn from Scarlet, being well died, and dried in an oven, or otherwise, that it may be beaten into powder, and half a spoonful of the powder given at a time in red wine, will quickly cure the Bloodyflux.   

58.  
If you anoint your temples where the Arteries pass, 
Simeon Sethi.  once a month with the gall of a Partridge, it mightily strengthens the memory.   

59  

Rhazis. Albertus.  A Saphire tied about the neck, so as it touch the Region of the heart, preserves the bear from poison, and the plague, and abateth th● heat in Fevers and Agues.   

60.  

Petrus Hispanus.  The soles of the Feet rubbed with goo● Mustard, helps forgetfulness, and quickens t● motion.  
A man might draw from hence, that forgetful persons are usually dull.   

61.  
Seethe Ivy-berries in Vinegar, and supyour mouth full of it as hot as you can; and when it is cold spit it out again, and take another sup, and do likewise; a few such sups will cure the pain of the Teeth.   

62.  
Also if you put a little Spirit of Vitriol into the pained tooth. Which you may get done by a little Lint tied to the top of a Bodkin, or Wire, it works the same effect; but be sure you take not the Oil of Vitriol inste●● of Spirit: For if you do, you will make 〈◊〉 work.   

63.  
Aqua Composita mixed with a like quantity of Oil of Roses, helps lame joints; but let them be well rubbed before with warm clothes, and then anointed with it.   

64.  
The like effect hath Hartshorn boiled to a jelly in Sack.   

65.  
Take of Cinnamon three drams, Mastic and Pomegranate-rines, of each one dram, Galangal, half a dram; make all these being in fine powder, into an Electury with clarified honey, and taking the quantity of a Hazelnut of it every morning fasting, doth not only cause a good stomach, but also good digestion, and resisteth the breeding of ill humours, thereby preserving the body in health, and the mind in vigour.   

66.  
Cinkfoil is an Herb of Jupiter, it strengtheneth the Liver, and cures being given in powder, all Agues.  
I do not intent to treat here of the time of gathering Herbs, but reserve that to a Treatise by itself. Together with the nature, called the Complete Herbarist.   

67.  

Mizaldus.  Whosoever anoints any part of his body with the grease of a Wolf, shall not be hurt by cold 〈◊〉 that part.   

68  

Tortula Gilbertus.  Vervine stamped, and strained in Wine, giveth speedy deliverance to a woman in travel, if she drinks it.   

69.  
The like effects hath sweet Bazil in powder, and also Cinnamon.   

70.  
Take nine Hog-lice, commonly called Wood-lice, stamp them with a little juice of Betony, strain it, and drink it warm in the morning, the doing so three mornings together, cures the web in the eye.   

71.  
Jews-ears, (a thing, that grows upon Elder-trees) being either steeped or boiled in Ale, helps sore throats, if you drink the Ale.   

72.  
The middle rind of a Cherrytree stamped and strained, and the juice mixed with a little white Wine, and warmed, and drunk, breaks the Stone, and avoids the gravel.   

73.  
The like effect hath the Gum of a Cherrytree mixed in like manner, as also the juice of Cammomile.   

74.  
Cut a Frog through the midst of the back with a knife, and take out the Liver, 
Petrus Hispalus.  which wrap in a Colewort-leaf, and burn it in a new Crucible well stopped; The ashes given to one that hath the Falling-sickness, cures them: If once do not do the deed, use it oftener.   

75.  
Let one that bleeds at the Nose, 
Petrus Hispanus.  chew the root of a Nettle in his mouth, but swallow it not down, and the blood will stop.   

76.  
Caraway Confects once dipped in Sugar, being eaten half a spoonful after meat, and a spoonful in the morning fasting, do not only help those that are troubled with wind, but also causeth good digestion; the better you chew them, the better it is.   

77.  
The Juice of Arsesmart mingled with half the quantity of Aqua vitae takes away Aches, being anointed with it.   

78.  
Seethe a handful of Holly-berries in a pint of Ale, till half the Ale be consumed, then strain it, and put a piece of butter to it, stake five or six spoonfuls of it at a time, it is an excellent remedy for the Stone.   

79.  

Mizaldus.  walwort is an excellent remedy for the Gout, either applied outwardly in Oils and Ointments, or inwardly in Syrrups or Electuaries.   

80.  
Salad-oil, Aqua vitae, Oil of Exeter, and a Bullocks gall, of each a like quantity, mixed together, make an excellent Ointment for lame limbs.   

81.  
Primrose leaves stamped, and laid to any part that bleedeth, stayeth the blood.   

82.  
Take black Soap, and mix it with almost 〈◊〉 much beaten ginger, this by anointing with it, kills any Tetter, or Ring-worm, be it never so desperate.   

83.  

Dr. Owen.  It is wonderful beneficial to lame members, to bathe them in the decoction of Rue and Rosemary, and then wrap them in a Lamb's skin, the woolly side inmost.   

84.  
Take Oil of Bays, Aqua vitae, juice of Sage, Vinegar, Mustard, and Beasts Gall, of each a like quantity, put them into a bladder that is far too big to hold them; tie them up close, and then chafe them up and down with your hands an hour and half together; and then have you as good an Ointment for the Gout, as the world can afford.   

85.  
The Juices of Henbane, Lettuce, Plantain, Poppy, Mandrake-leaves, Ivy, and Mulberry-leaves, Hemlock, Opium, Ivy-berries in powder, of each a like quantity, mix them well together; then put a Sponge into them, and let it drink them all up, dry the Sponge in the Sun, and when you would have any body sleep, lay the Sponge at his Nose, and he will quickly sleep; and when you would have him wake, dip another Sponge in Vinegar, and hold to his Nose, and he will as soon wake.   

86.  
Seethe Mallows, and red Nettles together, and let him that cannot go to stool, sit over it, when it is hot.   

87.  
The roots of red Nettles being drunk in powder, a spoonful at a time, breaks the Stone.   

88  
A Comb made of the right Horn of a Ram, cures the Headache, if it lie on the right side of the head, being combed with it; of the left horn for the left side.   

89.  
Dip a silk-thread in the blood of a Mouse, and let the party swallow it down that is troubled with the Squinancy, pain, or swelling in the throat, and it will cure him.   

90.  
For a Pleurisy, or any other pain indeed in any other part of the body, 
Emp. Ben. Victorii.  this do; Take of Dialthea two ounces, Oil of sweet Almonds half an ounce, mix them together, and warm them, then anoint the grieved place with it; then take Cummin-seed finely powdered, and strew upon the anointed place, than heat a Colewort-leaf very hot upon coals, and wrap the place so used as before, binding it fast, and you shall soon see the most wonderful effects appear.   

91.  

Ant. Musa.  Scabious in powder drunk (a drachm at a time) in small Ale every morning, cures Imposthumes.   

92.  
Peony is an Herb of the Sun, the root of it cures the Falling-sickness.   

93.  
The juice of Ground-Ivy, snuffed up into the Nose, purgeth the head mightily, and takes away the pains thereof, though of never so long continuance.   

94.  
The Gall of an Ox, and so much flower of Lupins as will thicken it into a Plaster, kills the Worms.   

95.  

emnius.  If red hot Gold be quenched in Wine, and the wine drunk, it cheers the vitals, cures the plague; outwardly used it takes away spots and Leprosy. A costly Medicine.   

96.  

Mizaldus.  The water that drops out of a Vine, being drunk with white wine, breaks and expels the stone in the Reins.   

97.  
Pigeons dung stamped with vinegar, 
Macer.  and applied plasterwise to the Navel, stoppeth presently all Fluxes of the belly.   

98.  
Carduus Benedictus seeds stamped and taken, easeth pains, aches, and stitches in the side; as also gripe of the belly and guts.   

99  
If any be troubled with Stomach Worms, let him hold a piece of an honeycomb in his mouth, and the Worms will come out to the honey.   

100  
Syrup of Borage and Buggloss resist Melancholy, and cause light Hearts, taking away grief and passions thereof.    

Fragmenta aurea. The second Golden Century of Chemical and Physical Judicial Aphorisms, and admirable Secrets.  

1.  

Mizaldus.  THe Roots of Sorrel hung about their necks that have the Swine Pocks, doth wonderfully help them.   

2.  
Briony Roots boiled in water, and the water drunk, helps the Dropsy.   

3.  
Eyebright is an herb of the Sun, and is a wonderful strengthner of the eyes used any way, either outwardly or inwardly, both the leaves, stalks, and flowers; for it is an herb appropriated to them.   

4.  
You may easily know whether a Dropsy be hot or cold, thus: If it begin below and swell upwards it is hot, because the nature of heat is to ascend: but if it swell downwards, it is cold, because the nature of cold is to descend.   

5.  
Dry a bullocks, sheep, or goat's Bladder, 
Galen.  and beat it into powder, and give a dram of it in water, vinegar, or any convenient liquor, to such as cannot hold their water, or use to piss in bed, and it will help them: give it at night or morning, according as you see cause.   

6.  
Rub a green Marigold leaf between your fingers, and put it up into your nose, and it will draw away abundance of humours, and help Rheum annoying the head.   

7.  
The Roots of Elder-trees sod in water, and the decoction drunk for common drink cures the Dropsy.   

8.  
Garlic and Housleek, of each a like quantity, stamped and applied plasterwise to the place, will help the Gout be it hot or cold.   

9  
White wine, 
Benenius  wherein the ends of a pair of tongs have been quenched (being before red hot) six or seven times, being drunk, divers times, doth help such as have grieved, swelled, or diseased Spleens.   

10.  

Mizaldus.  It is a sign of health in a sickness when the Gods begin to itch; but take heed then of Venereous acts, lest you pay for your pleasure.   

11.  
The decoction of Walwort, either in wine or water, doth admirably (by being drunk) cure the Dropsy.   

12.  

Arnoldus de villa nova.  Coriander-seed being beaten into powder, and mixed with Honey, and applied Plasterwise either to Carbuncles or Sores, helps them.   

13.  

Mizaldus.  The Berries of winter Cherries stamped and the Juice pressed out and dried, helps both the Stone and Dropsy.   

14.  
Elder-leaves made hot between two Tile-stones, and applied to the Forehead and Temples, ease the pains of the Head.   

15.  
Take the buds, leaves, or inner-rind of an Elder-tree, beat it, and drop a drop or two of the juice thereof into the Ear; it cures not only Imposthumes there, but also Deafness.   

16.  

Mizaldus.  The Brain of a Weazel dried, and drunk in Vinegar, cures the Falling-sickness.   

17.  
Many men are troubled with watery Stomaches, much thin fresh water coming out of their mouths towards morning; it usually comes with a proneness to vomit; (the vulgar call it, water-springs) for such, or any other Rheum whatsoever that molesteth your body, take this most excellent, though cheap Medicine.  
Take a little stick and tie some old Oken-leaves about the end of it, and cut them pretty round, than put them into your mouth as far as you can well suffer them, and hold the stick fast between your teeth, and abundance of Rheum will come out of your mouth, hold your mouth over a porringer, and you may see how much. Then wash the leaves in water and put them in your mouth again: do so as often as you think fit. If you do so before meat it will help your digestion.   

18.  
Earthworms slit, and washed well in white wine, and dried and beaten into powder, and a spoonful taken of them in any liquor in the morning fasting, in a little time cureth the black Jaundice.   

19  
Olibanum mixed with as much Barows-grease (beat the Olibanum first into powder) and boiled together, make an Ointment which will kill the Lice in children's heads; and such as are subject to breed them, will never breed them after. A medicine cheap, safe, and sure, which breeds no annoyance to the brain.   

20.  
Tormentil boiled in wine, 
Petrus Hisp.  and the wine drunk for ordinary drink, and the Herb itself that was boiled, being applied Plasterwise to the eyes at night, helpeth such as are so blind they cannot see at all,   

21.  

Andr. Mathiolus.  Briony roots boiled in white Wine, and a draught of the Wine drunk every night going to bed, helps such as have the fits of the Mother.   

22.  
The juice of Coleworts snuffed up the nose, purgeth the head marvellously, and taketh away the pains thereof, though of never so long continuance.   

23.  

Mizaldus.  The Gums of young children, being often rubbed with the brains of a Hare or Cunney, their teeth will cut easily,   

24.  

Pet. Hisp.  Fine Aloes boiled well with the juice of Coleworts, and made into pills, a scruple being taken at a time at night going to bed, doth gallantly purge the head, and ease the pains thereof,   

25.  
Take a good handful of Arsemart, wrap it up in a Burleaf, and take it up being so wrapped, first in cold ashes, then cover those cold ashes with hot embers, those hot embers with hot coals, and let it roast, and apply it being well roasted to the place grieved with the Gout, change it morning and evening, and in three days you shall see the most wonderful effects of it.   

26.  
If you beat a plate of Gold very thin when ●ol is in Leo, 
Hermes. Arnoldus de villa nova.  Jupiter and Luna in good Aspect ●nd Fortunate, it will do wonders; for being ●id to the seam of the Head, it strengthens the ●rain, and helps the infirmities thereof: being ●anged against the region of the Heart, it helps ●he diseases thereof, faintings, sownings, etc. ●nd causeth gladness: being hanged to the Back, it cools, and strengthens them, and helps pains in the back,   

27.  
Take all the Urine the party makes at one time that hath the Quartain Ague, 
Mizaldus.  and knead flour, and make a cake with it, and when it is baked, give it to a Dog of the house; do so twice or thrice, and in so doing the party will be well and the Dog sick. Choose a Dog for a Man, but a Bitch for a Woman.   

28.  
To swallow down three grains of Mastic every night when one goes to bed, 
Emp. Ben. Vict.  delivereth from the pains of the stomach.   

29.  
Mark where a Swine rubs himself, then cut off a piece of the wood, and rub any swollen place with it, and it will help it; with this proviso, that where the Hog rubs his head, it helps the swell of the head, and where the neck, those of the neck, etc. If you cannot apply a part of the thing the Hog rubbed against to the grieved place, you must apply the grieved place to that.   

30.  
The rind of an Ash-tree boiled in wine, an● a draught of the wine drunk six or seven mornings together, easeth the Spleen.   

31.  
Pains of the Spleen trouble a man most after meat.   

32.  
Eggshells dried and beaten into powder, and given in white wine, break the stone.   

33.  

Mizaldus.  Mice-dung, with the ashes of  Wasps, and burnt Hazelnuts, made into an Ointment with vinegar of Roses, do trimly deck a bald-head with hairs, being anointed with it.   

34.  
Six cloves of Garlic stamped and strained into a draught of Rhenish wine, and drunk up, is a present remedy for the stone, strangury, and colic.   

35.  
Gather Elder-flowers on a Midsummer-day, dry them, and beat them into powder, and take a spoonful of it in Borage-water every morning and evening, it restores Youth and conserveses it.   

36.  
Burn horseleeches into powder, and mix them with vinegar, and therewithal rub the place where you would have Hair grow no more, and you shall have your desire.   

37.  
Drinking much Buttermilk makes one laxative.   

38.  
The stone of a Swallow beaten into powder, 
Petrus Hispanus.  and given in drink to such as have the Falling-sickness, cures them.   

39  
Mingle two spoonfuls of water with one spoonful of clarified Honey, and give it to a woman when she goeth to sleep; if she feel gripe and pains in her belly, she is conceived with child, else not.   

40.  
Green Nettles steeped in the urine of one that is sick twenty four hours; 
Mizaldus.  if they remain green and fresh the sick will live, else not.   

41.  
The berries of white Thorns taken in white Wine, are of great force to break and expel the Stone.   

42.  
Plantain is given with good success to such as have the Plague.   

43.  
Wormwood stamped with the white of an egg, and applied to the eyes, by way of a Plaster, is a notable way to take away the redness and bloodiness of them.   

44.  
A Garland made of Ivy-leaves, 
Mizaldus.  laid to the breasts of women that hang flagging, gathers them up together decently, and makes them round; the like will Ivy-leaves do, if they be beaten, and applied to them.   

45.  

Mizaldus.  If you wash wounds with Wine, wherein Agrimony hath been sodden, it cleanseth them of their filth and putrefaction.   

46.  
Also stamp Agrimony, and apply it to wounds that are ill knit or joined, and it will open them again   

47.  

Mizaldus.  The juice of Rue mixed with clarified Honey, and a drop dropped into the eye at a time, takes away dimness of sight.   

48  
A head of Garlic (the skins being pulled off) bruised, and applied in equal parts to the fools of the feet, where they are hollow, helps them with speed that are pained with the , especially if it come of a cold cause, and lie in the nether jaw.   

49.  

Mizaldus.  If you rub Warts with the leaves of a Figtree, and bury the leaves in the earth, the warts will insensibly consume away.   

50.  
Briony-berries dried and beaten into powder, and drunk in the decoction of Water-cresses, doth wonderful help the Strangury.   

51.  

Benedictus Victorius Faventinus Emp.  Take of venice Treacle one scruple, of liquorice and Cinnamon in powder, of each three grains, of White Wine an ounce and an half, mix all these together, and make of them a Potion.  
If a Woman take such a drink as this is, every other morning, about a fortnight, or three weaks, before her delivery, it will make her labour very easy. My Author saith, she will bring forth her child without any pain at all.   

52.  
Take of Yarrow and Plantain, of each a like quantity, beat them, and strain the juice of them into red Wine, a good draught of which being drunk morning and evening, will stop a bloody Flux.   

53.  
If a Woman desire to know whether she be with child, or not, 
Mizaldus.  let her make water in a clean copper or brazen vessel at night when she goes to bed, and put a Nettle in it, if the Nettle have red spots in it next morning, she is with child, else not.   

54.  
Oxen, Kine, Bullocks, or Horses, 
Absertus.  will not be troubled with any disease, if you hang a Hartshorn upon them.   

55.  
Put two or three of the seeds of Oculus Christi into your eye, and within a while after you shall not feel them, whereby you will think they are not there, at last they will drop 〈◊〉 of themselves compassed about with slimy 〈◊〉 which doth hinder the sight. If you 〈◊〉 this now and then, it will clear your eyes wonderfully.   

56.  
Warts rubbed with a piece of raw Beef, and the beef buried in the ground, the warts will consume away, as the beaf rots in the ground.   

57  
Take the inner rind of an Oak-tree, and boil it well in fair water, then bathe any sore with it, whether new or old, three or four times morning and evening, and then anoint it with fresh butter and flour of brimstone well mixed, and you shall see a speedy cure.   

58.  
Take a Bur-root, the bigger the better, and scrape it clean, then put it in a Pot of new Ale, and the Ale will boil; let it stand twenty four hours close stopped, and then let one that hath the yellow Jaundice drink a good draught of it, and in doing so two or three mornings he will be cured.   

59  
Let him that hath the Strangury drink a draught of small Ale, wherein the inner Rind of the young branches of a Hazel-tree hath been boiled, first in the morning, and last at night, and it help him in few days.   

60.  
Lay a thin piece of raw beaf to the forehead of them that have lost their voices, and remove it not all night, and in two or three nights it will help them.   

61.  
Take the bones of Horses, and wash them clean, then dry them in the sun, then break them, and boil them in a Cauldron of water a long time, and save the fat which cometh from them, which is an excellent Ointment either for Gout or Palsy.   

62.  
The ashes of  Snails put into the eye, take away the spots thereof.   

63.  
A piece of raw Beef of an indifferent thickness put in steep all day in good Aqua vitae, and laid at night to the temples, and let lie there all night, stops the waterings of the eyes, and all rheums that flow down from the head.   

64.  
Draw a cord through the tail of a Water-snake, and hang her up, 
Hollerius.  a vessel of water being under her, into which she may gape, and after a little time will she vomit up a stone which will drink up all the water, this stone being tied to the navel (in a piece of fine linen) of one that hath the Dropsy, quickly draws out all the water.   

65.  
An Egg that is laid on a Thursday, the white being emptied out, and the empty place filled with salt, and gently roasted by the fire without burning, till it may be beaten into powder, and cankered teeth being rubbed with it, kills both canker and worms that eat the teeth.   

66.  
White Copperis the quantity of h●●f an ounce dissolved in a pint of water, kills all Tetters and ringworms that are washed with it.   

67.  
A little piece of the Navil-string of a child● that is newly born, being enclosed in a Ring, and so born that it touch the skin, is a sure and perfect remedy against the Colic,   

68  
The decoction of the leaves of Plantain is a most sure remedy for the diseases of the Bladder, being drunk morning and evening.   

69.  

Wicker.  If any one be bewitched, put some Quicksilver, in a quill, stop it close, and lay it under the threshold of the door.   

70.  
Saint-Johns-wort born about one, keeps one from being hurt, either by Witches or Devils,   

71.  
Number the days from the twenty six day of June, to the day when a party first began to fall sick, and divide the number by three; if one remain, he will be long sick; if two, he will die; if none, he will quickly recover.   

72.  

Joh. Ardern.  The juice of the roots of Daffadil mixed with a little Saffron and water, giveth speedy help to those that are suddenly swollen.   

73.  
Hemlock boiled, and the Yard bathed with the decoction, helps the Priapismus, or continual standing of the Yard.   

74.  
Garlick beat to powder, and the powder taken inwardly, breaks the Stone.   

75.  
Beat Bay-salt into powder by itself, and as much Cummin-seed by itself, and as much common Fennelseed by itself, then mix them together with a little Red-rose Vinegar over a Chafing-dish of coals, and apply it hot upon a cloth to the nape of the neck near the head, the next night change it.  
This is a most precious secret, for it cures the most inveterate head-ache, though of never so long continuance, or never so violent; besides it clears the eyesight, and draws away the superfluous humours of the head.   

76.  
Sage either sod and taken inwardly, 
Petrus Hispanus.  or beaten and applied Plasterwise to the Matrix, draws forth both terms, and after-burthen.   

77.  
Shave the crown of the head of one that is sick, and lay upon the shaved place Rue stamped with oil of Roses, binding it on; and if the party sneeze within six hours after, he will live, else not.  
I suppose this may be true in diseases of the head, and it may be cure them, if curable; and I verily believe it is a notable remedy for mad folks.   

78.  
A spoonful of the powder of Nettle-seed mingled with good wine, and drunk at a time, assuageth the pains of the Matrix, the windiness of the same, as also the fits of the Mother.   

79.  
If a Hog-louse or Wood-louse be pricked with a needle, and any aching tooth presently touched with that needle, the pain will instantly cease.   

80.  

Africanus  The seeds of Docks tied to the left arm of a woman, helps baroness.   

81.  
Goats-dung mingled with vinegar and bran, and applied plasterwise to swelled breasts, gives speedy cure.   

82.  
Betony stamped, and applied to any wound in the head, draws out the broken bones, if there be any, and heals the wound.   

83.  

Mizaldus.  The seeds that are found in the knobs of the lesser burrs, being beaten into fine powder, and given in white Wine, purge stones and sand very effectually from the reins.   

84.  
If you seethe Mugwort in water, and apply it hot plaster-wise to the Navel and Thighs of a woman in travel, it bringeth away both birth; and afterbirth; but than you must speedily take it away, lest you draw down Matrix and all.   

85.  
There is a pretty secret to cure a scald or burn without a scar. Take Sheep's Suet, and Sheep's Dung, and the inner rind of Elder; boil these to an Ointment, and that will do it.   

86.  
To draw a Tooth without pain, fill an earthen Crucible full of Emmets, Aunts, or Pismires, call them by which name you will) Eggs and all, and when you have burned them, keep the ashes, with which if you touch a Tooth, it will drop out.   

87.  
Anoint a freckled face either with the blood of a Bull, or of a Hare, it will put away the Freckles, and make the Skin clear.   

88  
Mugwort steeped in Rose-water, and the hand● washed with it, helps the trembling of them.   

89.  
Take a great overgrown Toad, and tie her up in a leathern bag pricked full of holes, and put her bag and all in an Emmet-hill, and the Emmets will eat away all her flesh, and then you may find the Stone, which is of marvellous virtue. If a man be poisoned, it will draw all the poison to it presently; if he be stung by a Bee, Wasp, Hornet, or bitten by an Adder, by touching it with this Stone, both pain and swelling will presently cease.   

90.  
If you chance to buy this Stone, and would know whether it be a true one or not, hold it near to the head of a Toad, and if it be a true one, she will come to catch it from you.   

91.  
If you anoint warts with the juice of Elder-berries, it will take them away.   

92.  
The outward rind of Raddish-roots, the herb Mercury, 
Ben. Vict. Favent. Emp.  of each an ounce, Saffron three grains, Cassia lignea in powder a drachm, juice of Savin two drachms; beat them all together, and wrap them in a fine linen cloth, and hold them to the Matrix of a woman in travel, when the birth is near, and the child will come out with but little pain; and not only the birth, but also the afterbirth.   

93.  

Mizaldus.  The juice of Knotgrass drunk with the powder of seven Pepper corns, a little before the fit comes, cures the quartane Ague: but they say, it must be gathered on a Thursday, and the juice pressed out of it then also.   

94.  
A bathe wherein Emmets and their Eggs have been sod, will quickly cure an old and almost incurable joint disease.   

95.  
Oil wherein Frogs have been sodden so long, till all the flesh is sod off from their bones, doth mightily help all benumbedness and lameness of the nerves and joints.   

96.  
The juice of Betony dropped warm into the ear, putteth away deafness.   

97.  
Take a handful of Arsemart, wet in clean water, and lay it gently in a wound or sore; 
Paracelsus.  then take it away, and bury it in some moist place: and the wound will heal as the same herb rots.   

98.  
The water of Marigolds helps diseases in the eyes, and takes away pains in the head.   

99  
The smoke of Marigold-flowers received up a woman's privitives by a funnel, brings away easily the afterbirth, although the Midwife hath let go her hold.   

100  
The head of a Kite before she hath feathers as Galen writes, burnt, and a scruple of her ashes taken once a day, cures the Gout.    

Fragmenta Aurea The third Golden Century of Chemical and Physical Judicial Aphorisms, and admirable Secrets.  

1. For the Jaundice.  
FOr the Jaundice take Milk and White Wine, of each equal quantities, distil them in an Alimbeck, temper it pretty equally, I mean the water with the spirit, and let the sick drink two ounces in the morning, two hours before meat, and going to bed.   

2. For the Black Jaundice.  
For the black Jaundice take Enule Campane-roots, bruise them, and boil them well in a quart of Milk, strain the Milk through a woollen strainer, and let the sick drink thereof; this hath helped those that have been sixteen years sick of this Disease, and could not be cured.   

3. For the Jaundice.  
For the Jaundice boil good store of Hempseed bruised well in good strong Ale or Beer, and let the sick drink no other drink.   

4. For Children that have the Jaundice.  
If they be young Children that have the Jaundice, or people of riper-years, at the first beginning of them, this Remedy will be sufficient; Take an Apple, and cut off the top, then pick out the coat with a knife, and put into the hollow place a pennyworth of whole Saffron, and a drachm of Turmerick in powder, put on the top again, and roast it, than mash it all to pieces, and eat it up at night going to bed; this doing a few nights together will help them; you may add a little Butter to it, if you please.   

5. For the Black Jaundice.  
The Black Jaundice hath been known to have been cured oftentimes with this medicine; Take the inner bark of a Walnut-tree, and boil it very well in Ale or Beer, and when you have done so, quench red hot steal in it at least forty times, drink a quarter of a pint, of this hot morning and evening.   

6. For the Yellow Jaundice.  
The inner bark of a Barberry-tree boiled in White Wine, and the decoction drunk, is an excellent remedy for the Yellow Jaundice; so also are the roots of Celandine.   

7. The Pleurisy.  
As in all Inflammations, so also in Pleurisies blood-letting is not to be neglected in the beginning.   

8. For the Pleurisy.  
Such as have the Pleurisy must forbear eating flesh, and drinking wine and strong beer, but must be content with cold broths, and to drink Barleywater, or Almond-Milk, if they be rich.   

9 For the Pleurisy.  
Take three ounces of Carduus-water, a spoonful of white Wine, and six whites of Eggs well beaten; mix all these together, and dip a cloth in them, the which lay as hot as it can be suffered to the pained side of one that hath the Pleurisy, and it will give him speedy ease.   

10. For the Pleurisy.  
Also another most admirable remedy for one that hath the Pleurisy, is to take an Apple, and make it hollow, (as I told you before in the yellow Jaundice) then put into it a drachm, or a drachm and a half of Olibanum, roast it, (as before) put some Butter to it, and eat it up last at night.   

11. For a Cough.  
A good remedy for an inveterate cough is this; take a handful of Figs, and boil them in Beer, till they be very tender, then take them out, and bruise them, and put them into a linen bag, and apply them warm to your stomach, and when they are cold, take them off, and warm them in the same liquor again.   

12. To strengthen the Lungs.  
A Syrup made, or a Spirit drawn from those whitish Thistles, which are commonly called our Lady's Thistles, is a great strengthner of the Lungs; the like may be said of Hyssop.   

13. For an Imposthume in the Lungs.  
For an Imposthume in the Lungs, drink the decoction of Cammomile twice a day, and but two ounces at a time gives help to admiration.   

14. For heat and dryness of the Lungs.  
Heat and dryness of the Lungs is quickly, cheaply, and safely cured, by drinking no other drink but Plantain water.   

15. For the Colic.  
Take Winter-savory, and boil it well in white Wine, and the decoction drunk very hot, rids the belly of the Winde-chollick, as though it were swept out with a broom. My Author saith, he hath known divers have been helped with this remedy, that have had it so extremely, that they have swooned several times in a day; yet I confess some of the following remedies please me better.   

16. For the Colic.  
Apply cupping-glasses to the navel; this remedy pleaseth me very well, both for bastard and true Colic; for the Navel vessels, though they be of little use after the infant is born, yet they still remain hollow, and pass to all the chief vessels of the Abdomen.   

17. Colic.  
Take Rosemary, Sage, and Bay-salt, and roast them well between two hot Tile-sherds, and 〈◊〉 ●y ●em hot to the Navel, it is a present remedy to the Colic, especially to the Bastard-Chollick.   

18. Colic.  
You may easily know a Bastard-Choll●●● 〈…〉 a true Colic thus 〈◊〉 Bastard-Chollic● 〈◊〉 belly is so sore, 〈…〉 cannot endure 〈◊〉 have it touched; 〈◊〉 not 〈◊〉 in a true Colic.   

1● 〈◊〉 colic.  
Take Emmets Eggs 〈◊〉 them 〈…〉 ●ven, and beat them to pow● 〈…〉 the ●●wder at a time in any 〈…〉; 'tis as admirable a remedy for a 〈◊〉 Colic as any is, and will make a man fart, as though he had got a Patent for it.   

20. Strangury.  
Take a good big Onion, cut off the top, and pick a pretty big hole in it with 〈◊〉 Knife, the which hole fill with Betony and Centaury in powder, of each equal quantities, putting a little Butter amongst the● then put on the top again, and roast it amongst the embers, bruise it being roast 〈◊〉 and apply it being bruised as hot as you 〈◊〉 endure it to your Navel, and you shall 〈◊〉 it an excellent remedy for the strangury.   

21. Colic.  
Take Hempseed, and dry it, and beat it into 〈…〉 say this being drunk in Wine, is a 〈…〉 ●●●ll●●k; the like they say 〈…〉 manner: 'tis very 〈◊〉 ●e the● 〈…〉 ●d in a real Colic; but—   

〈◊〉 For the 〈…〉 ●●●llick.  
It is 〈…〉 take 〈…〉 inwardly fo● 〈◊〉 basta●● 〈…〉 ●st ●se not so e● cat●ous 〈…〉 ●s: therefore let suc● as h● 〈…〉 ●ick, apply a Plaster 〈◊〉 Cumm● 〈…〉 ●r ●●●ly.   

23. For the Colic.  
Take a Lapwing, and burn her in a Crucible, feathers and all very well, till the ashes be white; a scruple of these ashes being given in a little warmed Wine to drink at one time, is an excellent remedy for the Colic.   

24. Worms.  
Garlick either eaten or boiled, and the decoction drunk, kills the Worms.   

25. For the Worms.  
Take Wormseed, and beat it into very fine powder, and make it up into Troches with juice of Lavender, Cotten, and Gum Tragacanth, dry them, and so have you an excellent remedy for the Worms always by you.   

26. For the Worms.  
Zedoary beaten into powder, and half a dram of the powder drunk in the morning fasting in a little Muskedel, not only kills the Worms, but also strengthens the Heart.   

27. For the Worms.  
Take Garlick, Wormwood, Featherfew, and Mints stamped very small, and heat very well with the gall of an Ox, and a little vinegar, and applied to the belly plasterwise, and it will kill the Worms, and bring them forth.   

28. For the Worms.  
Another remedy for the Worms, and less tedious too, is to take the gall of a Bull, and warm it, then dip a little wool in it, and bind the wool to the Navel.   

29. For the Worms for Children.  
Take Orange-pills, and dry them well, and beat them into powder, and give a little of the powder inwardly with Muskadel; this is a gallant remedy for Children that will not endure any ill-tasted Medicine.   

30. For a looseness and Diabetes.  
The Pizzle of an Hare dried, and beaten into powder, and the powder drunk in Wine at night going to bed (you may give a dram at a time to a man, half a dram is enough for a child) you shall find it an excellent remedy not only for a Looseness, but also for the Diabetes.   

31. For the Diabetes.  
The best remedy for a Diabetes that I know, is this, Take the Bladder of a Goat, which I suppose to be best, because it is a Beast of Saturn. If you cannot get a Goat's Bladder, get a Bullocks or Sheep's Bladder dry it very well, and beat it into powder, and take a dram of the powder first in the morning, and last at night.   

32. Caution to the former Receipt.  
In my opinion it were very fitting in the foregoing Medicine, that the Sphinater Muscle of the Bladder were by all means carefully dried, and administered as before.   

33. Flux.  
The Maw of a young Hare dried, and beaten into powder, and made up into Troches with juice of Plantain, and a little Gum Tragacanth is an excellent remedy to keep by you for the Flux, and it also strengthens the Stomach exceedingly.   

34. To stop a Flux.  
Take Plantane-seed, and beat it to powder, and give a drachm of the powder in red Wine to a child that is troubled with the Flux, and it will stop it.   

35. For a Flux.  
Take the dung of a Stone-horse that is kept in a Stable, and fry it in Muskadel, and apply it being so fried to the Navel, and it will stop any Flux of the belly whatsoever.   

36. For one that cannot go to stool.  
Take Salt and Soap, and mix them well together, and apply them plasterwise to the belly of one that cannot go to stool, and it will move him to stool in a short time.   

37. Bloody Flux.  
Take the Jawbones of a Pike, or Jack, beat them to powder, and take half a drachm of the powder in red Wine morning and evening; this hath been known to have helped the Bloody Flux, when nothing else could do it.   

38. For the Bloody Flux.  
Take red Beans, and boil them in red Wine, till it be thick, and let the Patient eat of this morning and evening, and in a short time it will help the Bloody Flux, be it never so violent.   

39 For the Flux.  
Take an old Apple, cut off the top, and pick out the coat, then put into the hole a ball of Virgins-wax, put on the top again, and roast it in the embers, mash it all together, and take it inwardly, as a Medicine for the Flux.   

40. To break the Stone.  
The Urine of a Boar taken, and drunk inwardly, is an admirable remedy to break the Stone.   

41. Another to break the Stone.  
Take the blood of a Fox, and anoint the Region of the Bladder near to that place where the Stone lies, and it will break the Stone.   

42. Another to break the Stone.  
Also it is an excellent remedy to break the Stone, to drink the blood of a Fox either alone by itself, or mixed with white Wine. And to make the truth of this appear clearly, 
Caution.  take a Pebble-stone, and put it into the blood of a Fox, and it will dissolve it; yet in my opinion, and my opinion is grounded upon reason, if the Stone lie in the Reins, it is best to drink the blood of a Fox; but for the Stone in the Bladder, it is best to inject it with a Syringe.   

43. To break the Stone.  
Bee's dried stings and all, and beaten into powder, and a drachm of the powder given in white Wine, is an excellent remedy for to break the Stone.   

44. To break the greatest Stone that is.  
Take the green Weed that cometh from the Sea amongst the Oyster, washed clean, then dry it, and beat it into powder; drink two drachms of this with Muskadel in the morning, fasting an hour after it, it will break the greatest Stone that is.   

45. For the Stone.  
Take Oil of Crystal drawn by the art of the Alchemist, let him that is troubled with the Stone take a dram of it at a time in a good draught, either of White or Rhennish Wine, and it will break the Stone. For proof of this, take a stone, and lay it in the urine of him that hath drunk this Medicine, and in twelve hours it will be dissolved.   

46. Green Wounds.  
The same Oil of Crystal is an excellent cure for any green wound.   

47. Stone.  
Take a Goat, and keep him three days fasting, (but you must be sure not to give him meat nor water in the night) then put him into a great tub full of holes at the bottom, and feed him with nothing but Cammomile, Parsley, Gromwel, Celandine, Saxifrage, Hawthorn-berries or flowers, give him Salt to lick, and nothing but white Wine to drink; save his water that runs through the holes of the tub, into which water put Holly-berries, Ivy-berries, Hawthorn-berries, Juniper-berries, Parsley-seed, Fennelseed, Gromwel-seed, Smallage-seed, the roots of Radishes, and Nettles, Kneeholly, and Sparragas, leaves of Water-cresses, infuse all these warm in the Urine in a limbeck close stopped, then distil it off; this Water is held to be the most effectual for the Stone that is; for three ounces of it taken at a time, breaks the Stone, and brings it away without pain.   

48. Sciatica.  
For the Sciatica, take a gallon of urine, I suppose it were best of the party that is diseased, boil it, and scum it well till it be clear, then put to it a quart of black Snails, su●● as you shall find in the Meadows without she●●● boil them together till it be thick like a Poltiss 〈◊〉 than spread it upon a cloth, and apply it to the grieved place.   

49. Piles.  
Take a quart of linseed-oil, and put as many live Crawfish into it, as it will hold, boil them in it a quarter of an hour, then strain them out, and bruise them well shells and all, boil them well again in the Oil, then strain them out, and keep the Oil for an admirable remedy for the Piles; you may use it by moistening a little cotton in it, and binding it closely to the place with a truss.   

50. For the Piles.  
Take Scabious, and boil it well in water, and let the party sit over the steem of the water that is troubled with the Piles, and it will help him.   

51. For the Piles.  
The Herb Pilewort either applied to the place in an Ointment, or taken inwardly, is an approved remedy for the Piles.   

52.  
Many other remedies are used by Authors, as namely to boil Elder-tops in white Wine, and wash the place wit● the decoction.   

53.  
Also to drink the juice of Dandelion, and Daisies in a cup of Ale every morning.   

54. An excellent remedy for the Piles.  
Another remedy, the conceit of which pleases me very well, is this; Take a grey Cat, and cut her throat, then flay her and roast her, and save her grease, boil the blood and the grease together, and anoint the Piles with it as hot as you can endure it; this seems to me pretty rational, because a Cat is a Beast of Saturn.   

55. Swelling of the Wrists.  
For aching and swelling of the Wrists take Plantane-leaves, and stamp them well with a little Salt, and apply them to the place. I know no reason, but why this may cure any other swelling in the joints.   

56. Ache.  
For any Ache take Venice Treacle, and spread it upon a cloth, and lay it to the place like a Plaster.   

57 Gout.  
Take Bur-roots, bruise them, a●d boil them very well in piss, and when you have made a very strong decoction, strain it out, and add to the piss that is left as much Salad Oil, boil it together to an Oil, and if you use it, you shall see it do wonders in curing the Gout.   

58. For the Gout.  
Take the Yolk of Eggs, and make them into a Poltiss with a little woman's Milk, and a little Saffron, and apply it to the place grieved with the Gout.   

59 For the Gout.  
Take Nettles, and stamp them with salt, and apply it to the place grieved with the Gout, and it will dry up the humours in a short time.   

60. For the Gout.  
Take of black Soap the quantity of a Walnut, juice of Rew, and of Celandine, of each as much as the Soap comes to, mix them altogether spread them upon a piece of Sheeps-leather, and apply them plasterwise to the place grieved with the Gout, a●d in three days it will give help.   

61. For the Gout.  
Take a pint and a half of good Ale, half a pound of black Soap, a handful of Bay-salt beaten very small, boil them till half be consumed, then mix with it four spoonfuls of Aqua vitae, stir them well together, then dip a cloth in it, and apply it to the place grieved with the Gout as hot as you can endure it.   

62. An excellent remedy for the Gout.  
Take a Badger, the fattest you can get, kill him, and scald him like a Pig, then make a hole in on● 〈◊〉 his sides, take out his guts, garbage and all ●●d put into his belly Nettles two handfuls, two ounces of Brimstone, four yolks of Eggs, and four ounces of Turpentine incorporated well together, then sow up his belly close, and roast him, and save the dripping for an excellent remedy for the Gout.   

63. Cramp.  
The foregoing remedy is not available only against the Gout, but also against the Cramp, and all infirmities of the Sinews and Joints.   

64. Cramp.  
If you cannot get a Badger, take a fat young Puppy-dog, and use him in like manner.   

65. A special remedy for the Gout.  
Take a young Whelp in March, kill him, and flay him, and pull out his guts, and fill up his belly with Water-frogs, sow up his belly close again, then roast him, and save the dripping for a special remedy for the Gout.   

66. For a Burn or Scald.  
Take unslaked Lime, and slake it in common Oil, then take it out again as dry as you can, and make it into an Ointment with Oil of Roses; this Oil will cure any bourn or scald without a scar, and that in eight or ten day's time.   

67.  
For one that is burned with a Match, take the same Match wherewith he was burned, and burn it to ashes, and strew the ashes upon the place, and it will heal it in a very short time to admiration. It is a very pretty sympathetical remedy, and I quoted it not only to cure burning by a Match, which happens scarce once to a man's knowledge in his life time, but for burning with any other thing whatsoever. For example. If a man be burnt with Iron, apply Crocus Martis to the place.   

68 For a bourn with Gunpowder.  
Take Sheeps-dung, and Sheeps-suet, and fry them both together till they be thick like an Ointment, then anoint the place that is burned with Gunpowder twice a day, neither change the Medicine, nor yet wash the sore; for that part of the Medicine which sticks on, will readily fail off so soon as it is well.   

69. To stop a bleeding wound.  
Take Burr-leaves, and bruise them, and apply them to the bleeding of a wound, and it instantly stops it. I fancy the Medicine much, because Burrs is an herb of Venus, and the wound is caused by Mars.   

70. For the same.  
Another remedy of the same nature is this, Put the powder of dried Vervine to the wound.   

71. To cleanse a Wound,  
If you would cleanse a wound neatly that is filled with congealed blood, stamp red Nettles, and apply them to the place.   

72. For bleeding at the Nose.  
If a man bleed at the Nose, take a leathern point or lace, and tie it hard about his Testicles or Yard, and that will make the blood leave Mars, and run to look after Venus.   

73. Morphew.  
If you anoint the face all over with Mustard, it is an excellent remedy for the Morphew.   

74. Palsy.  
Sage eaten, or used any way, is an excellent remedy for the Palsy in the Limbs.   

75.  
The Shaking Palsy is caused no way sooner, nor more ordinarily, then by leading a tippling life.   

76. A Preservative against the Palsy.  
A gallant Preservative I have been told against the Palsy (whether it be to be found in any of my other writings, I know not well) is this, every night when you go to bed, rub your fingers between your toes, and smell to them.   

77. A Felon.  
Take Groundsel, and stamp it very well, and mix it with a little Oil of Roses, and apply it to a Malady in the fingers, which they usually call a Felon, and it will speedily cure it.   

78. For the same.  
Take the yolk of an Egg, mix it with a little Bay-salt in powder, spread it upon a cloth, and apply it to the place, and it will speedily cu●e a Felon.   

79. Imposthume, or hard swelling in the Belly.  
Take young Walnuts before they have shells, stamp them; and bind them to the Navel, it will presently break any Imposthume, or hard swelling in the belly, and not only break it, but also draw it out.   

80. For hard swell of the Belly.  
Because you cannot get such green Walnuts all the year, you may take the pains to pickle them up in vinegar when you can have them; yet because I am of opinion, that there are other people negligent as well as myself, and therefore may neglect the getting of them at that time; Take the Kernels of Walnuts, and stamp them with Rue, and apply them plasterwise to the Navel: this is an admirable remedy also for all hard swell of the belly.   

81. Imposthume.  
Take two handfuls of Clot-bur-roots wash them clean, and bruise them very well, then boil them in a pottle of good Ale till half be consumed, strain it, and let him that hath an Imposthume in his body drink of it morning and evening, and in three days so doing, it will cure him.   

82. For the same.  
To drink the juice of Marigold-leaves, is as gallant a remedy for an Imposthume as any is.   

83. Murren in Hogs.  
Water Betony given as a drench, is a present cure for the Murrain in Hogs.   

84. For Diseases coming of Repletion.  
Fasting three days, and three nights without meat or drink, is a most admirable remedy for all diseases coming of Repletion.   

85. The Chincough.  
The Chincough is easily cured, if the party troubled with it, spit three or four times into a Frogs mouth, but it must be into the mouth of the same Frog, you may easily keep her alive in a little water.   

86. For a swollen Leg.  
For a swollen Leg that is broken, and almost mortified, bathe it with the decoction of Nettles made with water, and it will give ease and cure to admiration.   

87. Defluxion of Humours.  
If there be a great defluxion of humours to any part of the body, be it in wounds, or else where, it matters not, neither whether with pain, or without, Opiates will be found to be the best cure when all is done.   

88 To help Digestion.  
The inner skin of the Gizzard of a Hare dried, and beaten to powder, and taken inwardly, is the greatest strengthner of a weak stomach, and helper of digestion that is.   

89. To make Children speak quickly.  
The way to make a child speak quickly, is to rub its tongue often with Salgem and Honey.   

90. Stuttering.  
The same Medicine for aught I know will help one of riper years that stutters.   

91. To quench thirst.  
Washing the mouth with Vinegar, and spitting it out again presently, quencheth the thirst of one that is a dry; the reason is, because the  of the mouth, which is the seat of thirst, being moistened and cooled is satisfied; and that ●s the reason why men when they are hot, get hurt by drinking, because the stomach is over-●loyed before the  be cooled.   

92. A Suppository.  
A little piece of Salgem cut in a fitting form, ●nd put up the Fundament, is one of the best Suppositors in the world, and will last a man almost his life time.   

93. For a Wound.  
If you would cure a Wound without a scar▪ anoint it with Venus her spittle.   

94. For the Pearl.  
There is a certain trefoil that hath a white spot in it like a Pearl; this herb is an excellent cure for the pearl in the eye.   

95.  
If a Cow hath a sore Udder, boil her ow● dung in her own Milk, and apply to it.   

96. Shingles.  
Take the juice of Archangel, and dip a cloth in it, and apply it to that inflammation in th● Neck, commonly called the Shingles, and it wil● help it.   

97.  
Another approved remedy for the same disease, is to anoint the place with the blood of 〈◊〉 Cat.   

98. An Ache.  
For an Ache coming of cold, or an o● bruise, take a quart of Muskadel, a good handful of Onions peeled and bruised, an ounce 〈◊〉 Pepper finely beaten, and boil all these together till they be thick, then spread it upon a cloth, and apply it to the grieved place.   

99 For an Ache in the Legs.  
For an Ache in the Legs take the Gall of an Ox, and boil it well over the fire with Neats-foot-Oyl, and dip a cloth in it, and apply it to the grieved Leg.   

100 Witchcraft  
The best remedy for Witchcraft that I know in the world is this; take a stalk of Amara dulcis, leaves and all, and let the party bewitched wear it about their middles next their skin.    

Fragmenta Aurea The fourth Golden Century of Chemical, Physical, and Judicial Aphorisms, and admirable Secrets.  

1. Bruise.  
TAke a good big handful of Rue, Yolks and Whites of five Eggs, a handful of wheat-flour, bruise the Rue very well, then temper them all together, heat them hot by the fire, spread them upon a piece of cloth like a Poltiss, and apply them to any bruised place, changing it once in 24. hours, and it will speedily heal it.   

2. A Caution concerning Bruises.  
Concerning all Bruises, let me give you this caution, Be sure you cure them well, and sound at the first, else you may feel those bruises at fourscore years of age, which you got at fifteen.   

3. Swelling.  
An excellent remedy to assuage a Swelling, is this: Take two handfuls of Penerial, and boil it in the strongest Ale you can get till it be tender, then strain it, dip a cloth in the Ale, and apply it warm to the swelling, and in two or three days it will help you, new dipping the cloth twice a day.   

4. An Excellent Salve to cleanse and heal a Sore.  
Take the juice of Betony, Plantain and Smallage, of each equal quantities, let there be a pound of them all together, four ounces of Wax, two ounces of Frankincense, two ounces of Pitch, and two ounces of Rosin, melt the things that are to be melted over a gentle fire by themselves, then pour in the Juices, and boil it till they be consumed, keeping it always stirring, then strain it through a clean cloth, and keep it for use; so have you an excellent Salve, both to cleanse and heal a sore.   

5.  
I like this Medicine the better, because it hath no oily quality in it, experience teaching that all unctuous Medicines to raw flesh are inimical.   

6. An admirable remedy to cleanse and cure Wounds.  
Oil of Myrrh is one of the best remedies that I know to cleanse and cure wounds, for it will do it so speedily, as is to be admired.   

7. For an inflamed Wound.  
If there be any inflammation in a Wound, take Camphire, and mix it with Hogs-grease, and anoint the place with it, and it will very speedily remedy it.   

8. To increase or diminish the Flesh of Wound.  
In Wounds sometimes the flesh rises too fast, and sometimes too slowly, a remedy for both these, is this: Take the Lungs of a Sheep, and heat them very hot, and apply them to the place as hot as you can endure it; do this twice a day.   

9 The Itch.  
The Itch is a disease which infesteth the skin only, therefore beware you strike it not in, lest you infest the body also.   

10. For the same.  
A strong decoction of Scabious, or Devilsbit, which you can get, you shall find it an admirable drink for such as are troubled with the Itch, you may also anoint the body with Ointment of Tobacco.   

11. Falling Sickness  
Take Wormwood and Rue, of each equal quantities in powder, and blow some of it into the nose of him that falleth of the Falling-sickness, and it will instantly recover him.   

12. For the same.  
One experience of my own let me quote; I have cured one lately of the Falling-sickness, that Lad had it above seven years every new and full Moon, by giving of him Mustardseed in powder made up into Pills with Mithridate.   

13. Convulsions.  
Misletoe gathered in the hour of Sun, when the Sun is in Aries, and the Moon in trine to him from Leo; this being bruised, and infused warm in white Wine, and distilled off in an Alimbeck, eight or nine drops of the strongest spirit given in any convenient liquor, is an admirable remedy for the Convulsions. With this I cured a child lately, that was not above a month old, it had but one fit after the first taking of it, than it sneezed much, and recovered.   

14. A Caution.  
And here give me leave to be a little critical against another vulgar custom, and that is, no Misleto must be used but what grows upon an Oak, forsooth; and I have proved by experience, that it is all of a like virtue, as being generated by the beams of the Sun upon what Tree soever. Is an Apple ever the worse for being grafted upon a sour Crabtree?   

15. Caution.  
Yet this Caution let me give you; have a care it touch not the ground, for that good Philosophers hold takes away its virtue: whether the reason be because it is appropriated to the head of a Man, or because the Earth is Saturnline, and therefore hinders the virtues of Sol, I will not here dispute.   

16. For the bite of a mad Dog.  
Let him that is bitten with a mad Dog, drink either the juice or decoction of Vervine every morning, till the next new and full Moon be past.   

17. An Observation.  
Observe this for a general rule; all Creatures that are bitten with a mad Dog near the new Moon, fall mad at the full; and those that are bitten at full Moon, fall mad at the new.   

18. To cure the biting of a mad Dog.  
Take Vervine, Agrimony, and Plantain, of each equal quantities; bruise them and boil them in good white wine, and let him that is bitten of a mad Dog drink a draught of the decoction every morning; then take the Herbs and bruise them with Bay-salt, and apply them to the wound.   

19 Ring-worm.  
Take Featherfew and bruise it, and rub any Tetter or Ring-worm with the juice of it, and it will kill it.   

20. Wen.  
An excellent way to cure a Wen is this: take forty Snails and boil them in a pint of running water, till half be consumed, then let them stand and cool, then take some Wool and dip it in the fattiness of the water, and apply it to the Wen, this will consume it insensibly in a short time, especially if you take inwardly the following medicine.   

21.  
Take fine Jet and beat it to powder, and take half a dram inwardly in a little Ale or Pottage, once in three or four mornings.   

22. Biting of an Adder.  
The best way that I know for the biting of an Adder is this; Catch the same Adder that bitten you, as she is easily caught, cut her open, and take out her heart, and swallow it down whole.   

23. For the same.  
Also cut off the head of the Adder, and bruise it, and apply it to the Wound, both these together would give a cure to admiration.   

24. To expel an Adder being crept into the body.  
If an Adder be crept into a man's body, which is a thing though it happens but seldom, yet it may happen, therefore the cure is not amiss; this do, Take a handful of Rue, and bruise it, and boil it in the urine of the party, and let him drink the decoction, and it will make the Beast make more haste out, than it did in.   

25. For the same.  
If such a one be crept into the body of a Beast, boil Rue in the urine of the Beast, and force him to drink it.   

26. Wind in the Stomach.  
Take Cumin-seeds two drams, Galanga one dram, make it up into Troches with Musfilage of Gum Tragacanth; so have you an excellent remedy for Wind in the Stomach: when you have occasion to use them, take half a dram in powder in white wine in the morning, fasting an hour after it.   

27. For the Plague.  
Take of green Walnuts before they have shells, of Rue, and the inner rinds of Ash-tree, of each equal quantities; bruise them and infuse them well in white wine, distil off the spirit in an alembick, so have you a most sovereign remedy for the Plague.   

28. To draw the Venom out of a Plague Sore.  
Take a Cock chicken, pull off the feathers till the Rump be bare, then hold the bare Fundament of the Chicken to a Plague Sore, and it will attract the Venom to it from all parts of the body and die: when he is dead, take another and use likewise; you may perceive when all the Venom is drawn out, for you shall see the Chicken no longer pant nor gape for breath; the party sick will instantly recover.   

29. How to apply the foresaid Remedy to any part of the body.  
I know no reason, but why this may be very well used in the disease, though there appear no rising at all; it is an easy matter by the Symptoms to judge which of the principal parts is most afflicted; then consider the purging places of the Liver are the Groins, the purging places of the Heart are the Armpits, the purging places of the Brain are behind his Ears.   

30.  
Then take a live Pigeon, if you cannot get a live Pigeon, take a Chicken, cut him asunder in the middle, and clap the pieces hot to the purging places of the principal part afflicted.   

31. For a Rupture.  
An excellent remedy for a Rupture is, to take Oil of Nep, and dip well in it, and bind it on to the place.   

32. To recover a newborn child that hath any life in it.  
When a child is stillborn, if you perceive any life be in it when you cut the Navel string, squeeze out six or seven drops of blood into a spoon; and give it to it inwardly, and it will instantly fetch life in it again.   

34.  
I suppose the Arterial blood to be far better than the Venal blood in this case; you may easily know the Artery in the Navel-string from the Vein, because it looks whiter.   

35. Against the stopping of the Terms in Women newly delivered.  
Many times the Terms stop in women so soon as they be delivered, which costeth many women their lives; in such cases, take a dozen Peony-seeds and beat them into powder, and let her drink them up in a draught of Carduus posset-drink, and sweat after it: if this do not the deed the first time, give her as much more about three hours after.   

36. For the same.  
The decoction of Vervine and stinking Arrash, work the like effect.   

37. For a Felon.  
Take a Snail out of his shell and chop it very small, and bind it on to a Felon, and it will instantly cure it.   

38. Fo●●he Sciatica.  
An odd remedy for the Sciatica is this: Take a handful of Nettles and sting all the place so far as the pain goeth till it be all blistered to the purpose, and so let him go to bed and sleep if he can, and the next day he will be well: there have been those known to have been cured with this only medicine, that have been so bad they have not been able to stir out of their beds in five or six weeks.   

39 For the Convulsion.  
A decoction of Clary drunk, or the Spirit of it distilled, is a most admirable remedy for the Convulsion.   

40. For the Ptysick.  
Ale boiled to a height that it may be spread upon a cloth, and applied to the Breast like a Plaster, is a most admirable remedy for the Ptysick.   

41. For the running of the Reins, and Strangury.  
The hard Roe of a Red-herring dried and beaten to powder, and the powder taken inwardly, is an excellent remedy both for the running of the Reins and Strangury: and so also is the Roots of Osmund royal.   

42. For Rhum● 〈◊〉 Eyes.  
Spread a little stonepitch upon leather as broad as your hand, and when ye have done so, prick it full of holes, either with an Awl, or point of a Knife, and lay it to the nape of your neck; it is as gallant a remedy for Rheum in the eyes, as those you shall pay more money for: some it cureth in two or three days, if it cure you not in that time, let it stick on as long as it will; if that will do no good, apply another.   

43. For Dimness of the Sight.  
Some people that are beginning to lose their sight, suppose they see little moths or flies between them and the light, in such cases ●et an issue be made in the Nape of the Neck.   

44. To procure sneezing.  
Take Sneezing-powder the weight of six pence, Castorium the weight of two pence, mix them together with a little Oil of Amber, and put it ●p the nose of one that is troubled with the fits ●f the Mother, and it will cause her to sneeze, ●d quickly ease her of the fit.   

45. Against fits of the Mother.  
Let the party that is troubled with the fits of the Mother take a scruple of Assa foetida in Pills once or twice in a week   

46. Against Wind.  
The foregoing remedy is inferior to none, for such whose bodies are troubled with wind.   

47. For Costiveness in a Woman that lies in.  
There is nothing better, nor safer for a Woman when she lies in, and is Costive, then two ounces of Oil of Sweet Almonds new drawn.   

48. For bleeding at the Nose.  
Take Nettles and stamp them and press out the juice, and let him that bleedeth at Nose take a spoonful of the juice, and hold it in his mouth as long as he can, and spit that out an● take another fresh spoonful, and hold that i● the mouth likewise; also if you will you ma● moisten the Nettles after you have pressed th● juice out of them with a little Vinegar, an● bind it on to the forehead.   

49. To prevent, or cure the Pestilence.  
Take a pound of green Walnuts before th● have shells, half an ounce of Saffron in po●der, half an ounce of London Treacle, and h● a pound of Sugar, mix them well together in Mortar, than set the moisture over the fire till it come to an Electuary; keep it by you, it is an excellent remedy to prevent the Pestilence before it comes, or to cure it being come, by taking the quantity of a Walnut at a time.   

50. An excellent Cordial for such as have the small Pox, or Measles.  
Take the flowers of Marigolds, infuse them in strong spirit of Wine, and when the tincture is quite taken out, strain it out, and infuse more flowers in the same spirit, repeat the infusion till you have made the tincture very deep, then strain it out, and keep it close stopped; it is as excellent a Cordial for such as have the small Pox or Measles as most is.   

51. For those that have bruised themselves.  
Make a Syrup with the juice of Cabbage-leaves and Sugar, and let them that have bruised themselves, take now and then a spoonful of it.   

52. For a Stitch.  
Take a Cabbage-leaf, and heat it very hot betwixt two dishes, having first moistened it with a little Sack, then lay it hot to the side of one that hath the Stitch, renewing it morning and evening.   

53. For the Itch.  
A decoction made with Fox-gloves and water, and drunk, is a most excellent remedy for such as are troubled with Scabs or Itch, especially for such as have scabbed heads.   

54. For a scald head.  
Also an Ointment made of the leaves or flowers of Fox-gloves, and Hogs-grease, is an excellent remedy to anoint scabbed heads; this is an excellent remedy, I have proved it myself, and never knew it fail.   

55. Against Hoarseness.  
Take a Turnip, and cut a hole in the top of it, and fill it up with brown Sugar-candy, then roast it in the Embers, mix it being roasted with a little butter, and eat it up for your supper, you shall find it an admirable remedy for the Hoarseness.   

56. For the Headache coming of a hot distemper, and also heat of the Reins.  
Take red Poppy-flowers such as grow in the corn, and fill a glass full of them, then pour some Salad Oil to them, let it stand warm either in the Sun, or by the fire, for a fortnight, then strain out them, and put in fresh, using them likewise, strain them out, and keep the Oil for your use, and it is an excellent cool Oil to anoint the Temples with in headaches coming of heat, or the Reins of the back when they are too hot.   

57 For a Cough.  
It is an excellent remedy for the Cough, to wet the soles of the feet with spirit of Wine at night going to bed.   

58. To prevent Miscarriage.  
Take Venice Turpentine, and spread it upon brown paper, let the Plaster be about the length and breadth of a man's hand, and applied to the Reins of the back, it is an excellent remedy to prevent Miscarriage: You had better in my opinion spread it upon leather, it will make beastly work else.   

59 For the same.  
Another remedy for the same is this; make a Caudle of Muskadel, (but how to do it I cannot teach you) and put into it the husks of three and twenty sweet Almonds, (that which you pull off from them, when you blanche them) being dried and beaten into powder, and let her eat it for her supper at night.   

60. For a Kibe.  
Take strong Ale, and boil it to an extract, and apply it plasterwise, it is an excellent remedy for a Kibe.   

61.  
The very same is excellent good to break a Boyl, and draw it out.   

62. For a Pleurisy.  
Boil Horse-dung in white Wine till half the white Wine be consumed, then strain it, and sweeten it with Sugar, (the Wine I mean, not the Horse-dung) and let him that hath the Pleurisy drink a draught of it, and go to bed, and cover himself warm.   

63. An excellent remedy for any old Ache.  
Take a Bullocks Gall, and boil it in white Wine Vinegar, and Aqua vitae, of each equal quantities, boil it till it grow clammy, and keep it for your use; it is an excellent remedy for any old ache, by spreading it upon a cloth, and applying it plasterwise.   

64. For a Cough or Consumption of the Lungs.  
Take a Cock, and when you have killed him, pull off the feathers while he is hot, then presently cut him through the back with a sharp knife, pull out all the bowels, and wipe him clean with a cloth, break all the bones, and put him into an Alimbeck, and distil him with a pottle of Sack, and as much red Cow's Milk, so will you have an excellent spirit for a Cough or Consumption of the Lungs, if you take three or four spoonfuls of it in the morning fasting.   

65. For heat in the Reins.  
Let such as are troubled with heat in the Reins lay to the place a fine cloth dipped in Rose-water, juice of Plantain, and the Milk of a Woman which brought forth a Girl.   

66. An excellent remedy for those that are subject to vomiting.  
Take Wormwood, Spearmints, and red Rose-leaves, of each a handful, chop them small, and boil them to a Poltiss with red Rose-water, and Vinegar, of each equal quantities, thicken it with Rie-bread grated, spread it upon a cloth, and apply it to the Stomach of him that is subject to vomiting as hot as he can endure it.   

67. For an Ague of the Breast.  
Let such Women as are troubled with that inflammation, commonly called the Ague in the Breast, apply to the place a fomentation made with Rosemary-tops boiled in their urine, apply it hot for three or four hours, and it will help it.   

68 For the running in the Reins.  
The Marrow of an Ox's back being dried and beaten into powder, and a dram of it taken in the morning in a little red Wine, is an excellent remedy for the running of the Reins.   

69. To take away Freckles from the Hands or Face.  
Such as are troubled with Freckles, either upon their hands or face, or Sun-burning, may easily help themselves, if they wash the place with a little juice of Lemons, wherein Bay-salt hath been dissolved, wash the place often, and let it dry in of itself.   

70. Against any Swelling.  
Take Cammomile-flowers, and Rose-leaves, of each a like quantity, boil them in white Wine to a Poltiss, and apply it as hot as can be suffered to a swelling, and it will presently ease the pain, and assuage the swelling.   

71. Against Deafness.  
Stop the ears of one that is deaf with good dried Suet; it many times gives help when nothing else will.   

72. To stop bleeding.  
Take powder of Earthworms, and put upon a Wound that bleeds, and it will instantly stop the bleeding.   

73. For the same.  
Take the ear of a Hare, dry it, and beat it to powder, and put that powder upon a Wound, and it will do the like.   

74. For him that spits Blood.  
Take the juice of Betony, and temper two spoonfuls of it with four spoonfuls of good Milk, and let him that spits blood, drink the same quantity four mornings together, and by that time he will be whole.   

75. For a Flux.  
Let him that is troubled with the Flux take the seeds of trefoil, bruise them well, and drink half a dram of them in the morning fasting in white Wine; if he be curable, it will cure him in three days; if he be not curable, he knows the worst of it, it is but dying.   

76. To stop the bleeding of a Vein being cut.  
If a Vein be cut, and you cannot stop the bleeding, take Rue, and boil it in water, then stamp it, and apply it to the place, and bind some wool over that which was never washed.   

77. For Veins that are sprung.  
For Veins that are sprung, take Beans and husk them, then boil them in vinegar, and bruise them, and apply them Plasterwise to the place.   

78. For those that piss Blood.  
Take Garlic, bruise it and boil it in water till the third part be consumed; a little of this water being drunk presently, helps them that piss Blood.   

79. To cause easy Delivery.  
Let a woman that is with child and near her time, drink a decoction of Betony every morning and she shall be delivered without much pain.   

80. For the same, and to expel the afterbirth.  
A decoction of Hyssop made with water and drunk very hot, giveth speedy delivery to women in travel; yea, though the Child be dead in her womb, so soon as she is delivered of a dead child, if you suppose any of the Afterbirth be left behind, let her keep drinking the same decoction till her body be cleansed.   

81. For the same.  
Savory used in like manner hath the same effects.   

82. For the same.  
Also another good remedy to give speedy delivery to women in travel is this: Take wild tansy or Silver-weed, and bruise it, and apply it to her nostrils.   

83. For the same.  
Also another remedy is to take the Roots of Polypodium and stamp them, and apply them to the soles of the feet Plasterwise, the child will quickly come away be it alive or dead.   

84. For a Surfeit.  
Take the bottom of a wheaten-loaf, tossed it very well till it be dry and hard, then dip it in good Spirit of Wine, and wrap it up in a single linen cloth, and apply it to the Breast of one that hath surfeited and cannot digest his meat; apply it warm, and let it lie to the place all night, and it will speedily help him, and cause him either to vomit up or purge out the evil humours which the Surfeit hath contracted in his body.   

85. To cure hot Rheum in the Eyes.  
Take twelve or sixteen woodlice, some call them sows or slugs, wash them clean, then stamp them, and put three or four spoonfuls of Ale to them, and mix them well together in a mortar, then strain it, and let him that is troubled with a hot Rheum in his eyes, drink it in the morning fasting, and as much at night going to bed, and in a few times using, it will cure him.   

86. An admirable Poltiss for any swelling.  
Take Violet-leaves, Groundsel, Mallows, and Chickweed, of each a handful, chop these small, and boil them well in water to a Poltiss, thicken it with Barley-meal, adding a little rough sheep's suet to it to make it moist, so have you an admirable Poltiss for any swelling, or inflammation in a wound or ulcer.   

87. For scabby Heads of Children.  
Take white Wine and Butter, of each a like weight, boil them together, till they come to a salve, and you shall find it an excellent Ointment for children's scabby heads.   

88 For the Falling-sickness, or Convulsion.  
Take the dung of a Peacock, dry it, and beat it into very fine powder, and give the party troubled either with the Falling-sickness, or Convulsion, so much of it at a time in Succory-water as will well lie upon a shilling, if it be a child, half so much will serve the turn, or less, if the child be very young.   

89. To cure Tetters, or Ringworms.  
An excellent way to cure Tetters and Ringworms, is to wash the place often with Tanner's Woofs.   

90. Against the bloody Flux.  
Take the bone of a Gammon of bacon, set it an end in the middle of a Charcoal fire, and let it burn till it be as white as choke, both in the outside and inside, then take it and beat it to powder, and let the sick of the bloody Flux take a drachm of it at a time in Milk thickened with flour.   

91. Against Heat in the Reins,  
An approved remedy for the heat in the Reins, which is a thing causeth hard labour, and many times abortion to women, is to take a fine linen cloth, and dip it in Housleek, warm it, and apply it to the Reins.   

92. To ease a woman of her After-pains.  
Take Tar and Barrows-grease, of each equal quantities, boil them together, and in boiling add a little Pigeons-dung to it, spread some of it upon a linen cloth, and apply it to the back of a woman newly delivered, that is troubled with After-pains, and it will give her ease.   

93. For the same.  
Give a Woman that is troubled with After-pains pains half a dram of Bay-berries beaten in powder, and given her to drink in a little Muskadel.   

94. To cure the swelling of the Cod.  
Stamp Rue, and apply it to the Cod that be swelled, and it will presently assuage it.   

95.  
Take the juice of Valerian, and wet a tent in it, and put it into the Wound where any piece of Iron is broken in, and stamp the said herb, and lay at top of it, and it will speedily not only draw out the iron, but also speedily cure the Wound.   

96. To cure the biting of a mad Dog.  
So soon as a man feels himself bit with a mad Dog, or any other venomous Beasts, or at least so soon as he can possible get it, let him take green Fig-leaves, and press out the juice of them three or four times into the wound, if it be at such a time of the year when Figtrees have no leaves, take the rind of the Figtree, and bruise it, and apply it to the Wound.   

97. For the same.  
They say Mustard made with good Vinegar, and applied to the wound, works the same effect.   

98. For a Wound.  
So soon as a man is wounded, let him wash the blood clean out of the Wound, either with white-Wine, or with his own Piss, and presently put the juice of Thapsus Barbatus into it.   

99 A medicine to drive out the small Pox.  
Take of distilled Taragon water eight spoonfuls, and put thereto six grains of Bezoar or Unicorns horn, or for want of those two, put so much Saffron, but the other is the better: let it be warm, double the portion as you see cause, taking nothing an hour before, nor an hour after it.   

100 To avoid Phlegm.  
Take clarified Posset-drink, and put thereto sweet Butter, the yolk of an Egg, and a little small Ginger, Hyssop, red Mints and Sugar, se● these seethe all together, and drink thereof first and last, as warm as you can suffer it.    

The Garden Plat: OR, A very brief account of such Herbs &c, that excel, and are some of● them most useful in Physical and Chyrurgical Cures on emergent and sudden occasions.  
HOundstongue stamped and bruised, heals several wounds.  
The Powder of Butter-burr, alias Pestilent-wort, the leaves in Summer and Roots in Winter, expelleth the Plague by sweat, drunk in Ale, Beer, or Wine.  
Fumitory stamped, and drink the juice in Ale, Beer, or Wine, purgeth Choler, and doth cleanse the Blood.  
Germander stamped and drunk, doth purge women's flowers, and helps the Green-sickness.  
Celandine, or Fig-wort, or Tetter-wort, or Pile-wort, or Swallow-wort, or Marsh-marigold; these doth help Tetters, Ringworms Piles and Eyesight.  
Eye-bright, the water helpeth the eyes washed therewith: and the Powder eaten with ●h● yolk of an Egg, and Mace, restoreth 〈◊〉 sight.  
The roots of Psillependula beat and drunk, cures the Stone.  
Water-bittary, alias Brown-wort stamped, and laid to, helps old and new sores.  
Pellitory of the Wall steeped and drunk, cures the Stone.  
Egremony stamped and drunk, help's Lunatic persons.  
Saint-Johns-wort, St. Peters-wort, and Tutson-leaves stamped, helps old sores.  
Mercury the Herb stamped, and drunk, purgeth women, and weak folks.  
Shepherds-purse, or Sinkfield stamped, and drunk, helps the Flux; and so doth Plantain and Knotgrass.  
Scabious stamped, and drunken, helpeth inward Imposthumes.  
Divels-bit stamped, and drunken, helps the Ague.  
Spown-wort, alias Scurvey-grass stamped and drunken, helps Dropsies and Scurvy.  
Sanicle stamped, and drunk inwardly, helpeth Wounds, and laid to outwardly.  
Comfrey helpeth the Ruptures stamped and drunken, and laid to outwardly, it helps wounds, and joins them together.  
Hyssop boiled, bruised, and drunken, helps the Lungs.  
Mints bruised and drunken, comforteth the Heart▪ so doth Sage.  
White Horehound, or Balm distilled, or otherwise, helps inward grief.  
Rue expelleth the Plague.  
Fennel, Dill, and Aniseed, and Cummin, breaks wind, and helps the Stone.  
Saxifrage stamped, and drunken, and seeds of Gromwel, helps Wind and Stone above all others.  
Betony helps the head and stomach.  
Lovage restores the Lungs.  
Pellitory of Spain expelleth the Plague.  
Three Leaves of Arsarabacca stamped and drunken, purgeth upward and downward.  
English green Tobacco stamped, and mixed with fresh Butter, will heal a wound, a sore, or a scabbed or scald head.  
Dragon-wort stamped and drunken, expelleth the Plague, or distilled; and so doth Arone or Priests-Pintle, Cuckow-pintle.  
Centaury purgeth Choler by siege; and so doth Rheubarb.  
Elina Campany purgeth melancholy.  
The seeds of Peony helps the falling evil.  
Valerian, or Setwal, expelleth the Plague stamped and drunken,  
English Galangal comforteth the heart.  
Helleborus called neezing powder, purgeth the head.  
Aloe, alias Sea-green, purgeth Choler.  
Laurel-leaves laid in Vinegar twenty four hours, and dried, the powder drunk purgeth Choler, Phlegm, and Melancholy.  
The root of Elder or Danewort stamped and drunken, helpeth Dropsies, or swollen Legs or Limbs.  
All Elder-leaves, Plantain leaves, Elm-leaves, or all Oak, or green leaves stamped and laid to, will heal a green wound.  
Ground-Ivy boiled in water, and laid to a sore will heal it.  
Wild Bugloss, alias Carpenter-work bruised, and laid to, healeth the green wound.  
Maidenhair boiled and drunken, heals the Lungs, and inward parts.  
Oil of white Poppy, anointed upon the forehead, will cause one to sleep.  
The seed of Henbane mixed in a Wax-candle, and the mouth holden over when it burneth, will draw the Worms out of ones Teeth.  
Sea-holm-roots candied with Sugar, called Iringo-roots, will restore nature: And the powder of them will break Wind and Stone being drunken.  
Yellow Dock-roots boiled and drunken, purgeth by Urine and siege.  
Water-cresses stamped or boiled, and drunken, is good for the Stone, Dropsy, and Scurvy.  
Tamarisk the small, or the rind of the great Tamarisk boiled and drunken, helps the Spleen.  
Barberies in conserve or sirup, doth stop the Flux, and cool the body.  
Licorice helps the Stone, Stomach, and Wind,  
Oranges and Lemons helps a hot Stomach in the burning Ague.  
Distilled Water of Oak-leaves stops the Flux:  
Misletoe of the Oak stamped and drunk, helps the falling evil.  
Ash-tree ●●●ll suffer no Spider, or venomous thing to co●●nder the shadow, the leaves steeped in Wine, and drunk, will make one lean.  
An Elder-leaf laid unto a man's feet that is chaffed in going between the Toes, or other places, will heal it.  
Costemary, alias Balsum-mint stamped and bruised, will heal a Wound as fast as Balsam, or Sanicle laid unto it.  
Ditony of Candy, or Ditony, or Herb of Deliverance stamped and drunk, is good to deliver a Woman in Travel with Child, and for want thereof Wood-betony will do the same.  
To heal a scalding or burning quickly; Take Salad Oil Olive, and clear water beaten together, and therewith anoint the grieved place till it be whole.  
To heal a Tetter, or Ring-worm, or Chop, or crush in ones Palm of the Hand; Take Bay-salt finely beaten to powder, and mix it with sweet Salad Oil Olive together, that the Oil be very salt; and with that Oil and Salt fret and rub away scurf, and so use it till he be whole, and purge him with the root Mechoakam.  
To heal a bruised Thumb, Finger, or cut in the Leg; Take the leaves of an Elm, and stamp them together, it will both bind and heal quickly, and knit the bones together that is dispersed.  
To staunch blood in a Wound, take Sage, and beat it together with Wheat-flour, and lay it to, it will staunch presently, and heal the Wound; so will Shepherds-purse, Plantain, Knotgrass.  
Vnguentum album with Lint laid in a wound, or old sore, and a Plaster of Gratia Dei thereon, will heal it very quickly.  
Pestilent-wort boiled in Milk, and made in a Posset with Sack, will cause one to sweat extremely, and drive out the Plague, and heal them, and heal also the Ague. Lay the Herb, and cured unto the sore.  
Sanicle, Sanamonda, alias Hedge Avince, that beareth a yellow flower (but not the red, Scurvey-grass, Fumitory, and Sorrel, stamped and strained into Ale or Beer, and drunk inwardly, doth cure the foresaid Diseases of Tetter, Ringworms, Scurfs, Scabs proceeing of the heat of the Liver, which doth most commonly come, or break out at the Spring, or fall of the Leaf.  
Beat Bay-salt to powder, and put it into Beer or Ale, that it be as salt as Brine, and drink it three times, in three mornings it will put away any Ague, the strongest Ague that is.  
The water of Oaken-leaves distilled and drunken, will stop the bloody Flux.  
Elder leaves stamped, and laid to any sore or wound, will draw very fast at first, then mix therewith the fresh Fat of a Hog unsalted, and it will heal it very quickly.   

The Celestial Governors: OR, A Discourse, in which is plainly declared what Members of the Body are governed by the twelve Signs, and of the Diseases to them appropriate.  
ARies 
Aries.  is of the East Masculine, fiery and choleric, and governeth the Head, Face, Eyes and Ears, etc. And of Sicknesses, The Apoplexy, Mamnia, Wounds and Spots in the Face, Abortisements, and other impitious diseases, Ringworms, and Morphews.  
Taurus 
Taurus.  is of the South Feminine, earthly and melancholy, and governeth the Neck, Throat, and Voice. And of Sicknesses, Squinancies, Scrophulus, Cattares, and Hoarseness.  
Gemini 
Gemini.  is of the West Masculine, airy and sanguine, and ruleth the Shoulders, Arms and Hands. And of Sicknesses, Phlegmonies, Ferruncula, and other proceeding of blood in the said places.  
Cancer 
Cancer.  is of the North Feminine, watery, and phlegmatic, and ruleth the Breast, Ribs, Paps of Women, Lungs, Liver, Spleen. And of Sickness, Alopesia watery Eyes, Cotogses, and Rheums, Scabs, and Leprosy.  
Leo 
Leo.  is of the East Masculine, fiery and choleric, and ruleth the Heart, Stomach, Back, Sides, and the Midrift with Virgo. And of Sickness, Cardiaca, trembling of the Heart, and sounding.  
Virgo 
Virgo.  is of the South Feminine, earthy, and melancholy, and ruleth the Belly, Guts, and Midriff with Leo. Of Sicknesses, Illiaca, & cotica passio, oppilations of the Spleen, and black Jaundice.  
Libra 
Libra.  is of the West Masculine, airy, and sanguine, and ruleth the Loins, Navel, Reins, Buttocks, and Bladder with Scorpio. And of Sicknesses, all filthy scabs and spots in the Face, loss of sight, Canker, and Hemeroides, Leprosy, Alopesia, and Colic.  
Scorpius 
Scorpius.  is of the North Feminine, watery, Phlegmatic, and ruleth the secret Members, the Fundament and Bladder, with Libra. And of Sicknesses, all filthy scabs and spots in the Face, loss of sight, Canker, and Hemerods', Leprosy, Alopesia, and the French Pox.  
Sagitarius 
Sagitarius.  is of the East Masculine, fiery, and choleric, and ruleth the Thighs and Hips. And of Sicknesses, hot Fevers, Optsaluva, and blear Eyes, and falls from high places, and from Horses.  
Capricornus 
Capricornus.  is of the South Feminine, earthy, and melancholy, and ruleth the Knees. And of Sicknesses, Aches in the Knees, Deafness, loss of speech and sight, Itch, Scabs, and foulness of the skin.  
Aquarius 
Aquarius  is of the West Masculine, airy and sanguine, and ruleth the Legs. And of Sicknesses. Fever quartans, black Jaundice, Swelling of the Legs, and Varices.  
Pisces 
Pisces.  is of the North Feminine, watery, and phlegmatic, and ruleth the Feet. And of Sicknesses, Gout, Scabs, Leprosy, and Palsy.  

How the Members of the Body are governed by the seven Planets, and of the Diseases to them appropriate.  
SAturn 
Saturn.  governeth the Bones, Teeth, the right Ear, and Spleen, and the Bladder with the Moon. And of Sicknesses, Leprosy, Canker, Fever Quartane, Palsy, Consumption, black Jaundice, Illiaca passionis, Dropsy, Cattare, Gout in the Feet, Scrophulus.  
Jupiter 
Jupiter.  ruleth the Lungs, the Grizzles, the Liver, and Spearm with Venus, the Arteries and Pulse. And of Sicknesses, Peripneumonia, Apoplexy, Pleurisy, Cramp, the Cardaca with the Sun, Squinancy, numbness of the sinews, and stinking of the mouth.  
Mars 
Mars.  ruleth the left Ear, the Gall, Veins, Yard and Stones, and the Reins with Venus. And of Sicknesses, the Pestilence, hot Fevers, yellow Jaundice, Shingles, Carbuncles, Fistula's, Choleric, Fluxes, Fever, Tertians, and Quotidians, all Wounds, specially on the Face, and the Falling-sickness with the Moon and Mercury  
Sol 
Sol.  ruleth the Heart, the right Eye, the sight, the sinews, and the Brain with the Moon and Mercury. Of sicknesses, swooning, Cramp, Opthalima, Rheuming Eyes, and the Cardiaca, with Jupiter.  
Venus 
Venus.  ruleth the Genitores, Dugs, Throat, Loins, the Liver and Spearm with Jupiter, and the Reins with Mars. Of sicknesses, all Diseases of the Matrix, Gomorhea passio, Flux of urine, Priapismus, weakness of the stomach and Liver, French Pox, Flux of the Bowels, and the menstrual sickness with the Moon.  
Mercury 
Mercury.  ruleth the Spirits, Imagination, Memory, the Tongue, Hands, and Fingers, and the Brain with the Sun and Moon. Of sickness, Madness, loss of the common senses, foolish doting, lisping and stammering, Cough and Horseness, the Falling-sickness with the Moon and Mars.  
The Moon ruleth the left Eye of a Man, 
Luna.  and the right Eye of a Woman, the Belly and Guts, the Brain with the Sun and Mercury, and the Bladder with Saturn. And of sicknesses, Collica passio, Phlegmatic Aposthumes, all manner of Oppilations, the Falling-sickness with Mars and Mercury, the Palsy with Saturn, and the Menstrual sickness with Venus.    

Cardiaca Simplicia. OR A brief Account of some choice Simples, as are chief appropriated to the Heart.  
Left unfinished by Nich. Culpeper.  
WHat this Treatise concerns, the Title shows, the Margin shall also show you what Planet, and Sign of the Zodiac every Herb is under, all the several parts of the Body handled in this manner, open to you my own Moddel of Physic, and draw the Curtain which hath so long blinded the Eyes of the Understanding, both of ancient and moddern Physicians; here is revealed those hidden qualities, 
A Commonwealth is well hope up with such Physicians.  which they harping at, and only groping for, could never give a reason of, like mad men rather than Naturalists. But I desire here to be helpful, not critical; therefore I shall about the Business promised in the Title, by him who loves, and delights in the Works of the Lord.  
Nich. Culpeper. Spittle Fields. Sol 6. Libra 1649.  
BAum is of a cherishing nature, 
Sol. Leo.  and wonderfully resists passions of the Heart, faintings, ●nd swoonings, it makes the man lightsome and ●lithe, merry and cheerful, it comforts and cheers ●he spirits, and takes away fears, cares and distracted thoughts arising from Melancholy, or ●ddust Choler. It is hot and dry in the second degree, strengthens the inward parts exceeding●y, helps digestion, and opens obstructions of the Brain, it naturally preserves the vital Spirits, Heart, and Arteries from melancholy vapours, and is profitable in the bloody Flux, and a notable meat for such as have the Gout; a sovereign Antidote for such as are poisoned by eating Mushrooms: I suppose it took its name [Balm] from its sovereignty in curing Wounds.  
Scordium, 
Jupiter. Leo.  or Water-Germander is of a heating, drying, and binding quality, and provokes both Urine, and the Terms in Women, it is a great Antidote against poison, and helps the gnawing pains of the Stomach or Sides, coming either through cold, or obstructions; it stops the bloody Flux, easeth the Lungs of old Coughs, and rotten Phlegm; it keeps bodies from putrefaction, resisteth Pestilence, Small Pox, Measles, faint spots, Purples; and some are of opinion, it withstands any Epidemical Disease whatsoever. It comforts, and strengthens the Heart exceedingly, and nothing better to kill Worms, whether in the Stomach or Belly, boiled in Vinegar, and the place bathed with it, helpeth the Gout.  
Viper's Bugloss is a deadly enemy to poison, 
Venus. Le●.  and poisonous Creatures, there grows enough of it about the Castle Walls at Lewis in Sussex, whosoever eats of it, shall not be hurt by venomous Beasts that day. Crollius' in his Basilica Chymica will furnish you with enough such notions; it cheers, and comforts the Heart, expels sadness, and causeless Melancholy, it allays the heat of the Blood, and the fury of Agues, by cooling the spirits; it procures abundance of Milk in Nurses, especially the seed of it, it mightily easeth pains in the Back and Reins.  

Jupiter. Sol.  Burnet, is hot and dry in the second degree, and is a great friend not only to the Heart and Liver, but also to the whole body of man, a little of it put in Wine, is not only delightful to the taste, but also, wholesome for the body. It refresheth the heart, quickens the Spirits exceedingly, driving away melancholy, and indeed the opposition of the house of Saturn to Leo shows that the heart and vital Spirits are impeached by nothing so much as by Melancholy; it defends the body from all noisome vapours, from ill Air and Pestilence; and indeed whatever defends from ill Air must needs defend from all Epidemical diseases, for it is the Planets corrupting the air, nor the 
A piece of College nonsense in this time of Fluxes.  Brewer's corrupting their drink, that causeth Epidemical diseases. It is admirable good in fluxes, whether they be of blood or humours, whether they be internal or external, it stops the whites in women, belching and vomiting, and is a very good wound Herb for all moist sores.  

Venus. Taurus.  Sorrel is cooling and binding, drying in the second degree, it opposeth the sting and venom of Scorpions so exceedingly, that a man can feel no hurt by them; It succours the heart, and blood, as also the Vital Spirits over-pressed with heat; whether you take the Root, Herb, or Seed, if any planet from Scorpious cause the malady, this is the cure. It resisteth putrefaction exceedingly in the blood, and restores weak decayed stomaches, it stops fluxes and helps the immoderate flowing of the terms, it strengthens the Reins and Kidneys and hinders the breeding of the Stone; neither is there a better remedy in the world for Scrophula, or the disease called the King's evil, or any other disease in the neck or throat.  
Violets, 
Venus.  I can give but little reason if I were asked why I set Violets amongst the Cordials, unless I should plead tradition. All Physicians have reckoned Violets among the Cordial flowers; for my part I believe nothing less, they cool inflammations, be they internal or external, they are especially appropriated to inflammations in the neck and throat, fundaments and matrix falled down and inflamed; they cool the heat of the Reins, thereby resisting the Stone, and stopping miscarriages. Difficult labours in women thence arising, they are excellent in Fevers and Pleurisies, and hot Rheums and horseness of the throat.  
Strawberries, 
Venus.  I know no reason why I may not put in Strawberries here as well as either Violets or Sorrel, for neither of them are proper in this place, for the heart being the original of heat in the Microcosm, no cold thing is properly, or per se, appropriated to it. Strawberries are cold in the first degree, the fruit cold and moist temperate, the root dry and binding; in general they refresh the Spirits ready to faint for heat, they cool the liver and blood, abate the fury of Choleric diseases, help Palpitation of the heart the yellow Jaundice, Inflammations, whether internal or external; they are excellent in sore mouths, sore throats. Ulcers in the privitives, fasten lose teeth, Scabs, Itch, Tetters, and other Martial infirmities of the skin.  

Jupiter. Leo.  Borage and Bugloss, their natures being the same, I put them both together, they are hot and moist, and naturally appropriated to keep the vapours of melancholy from the heart, and bridle the unruly passions of the vital Spirit, which my Theory of Chirurgery will manifest to you, they make the heart joyful and glad, cheerful and merry; it clarifies the blood exceedingly, opens obstructions of the Liver, and helps the yellow Jaundice, and by clarifying the blood, and removing the addust and sharp humours, there must needs be a gallant internal remedy for Scabs, Itch, Pimples, and other infirmities thence arising. They help swoonings and passions of the heart, and restores such as are pined away either by Consumptions or any other lingering sickness.  
Ros-Solis, Sundew, It is always moist in hot weather, 
Sol. Cancer.  yea the hotter the sun shines upon it, the moister are the leaves, thence it took its name. It is excellent good for hot salt Rheums that distil down upon the Lungs, Ulcers in the Lungs, coughs, shortness of breath, it comforts and strengthens the heart and stays the fainting of the Spirits.  
Angelica, 
Sol. Leo.  heats and cherisheth the Heart and Spirits against poison, and pestilence, ill Air and Vapours, Epidemical diseases; it strengthens old and cold stomaches, it easeth all pains coming of cold and wind, provided the body be not bound, Pleurisies, diseases of the Lungs, Coughs Ptysicks, Colic, Stone, Strangury, difficulty of Urine; it provokes the terms, expelleth the Afterbirth, it discuseth all inward tumours and windiness, obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, it takes away all crudities and indigestion of the stomach, and is a present remedy for Surfeits; the juice cleanseth Ulcers well, the root is held to be stronger in operation then the leaves; the wild Angelica is that which we in Sussex call Kexweed, and is good in all the former premises, but not so effectual as the garden.  
Rue is a mighty antidote against Poison, 
Sol. Leo.  by it Mithridates that renowned King of Pontus so fortified his body against Poison, that he made it invincible; though some unworthy wretches in our age are not ashamed to say, he fortified his body against poison by accustoming it to Poison; and when being vanquished by Pompey the great, and betrayed by his own Son, he would have Poisoned himself, but could not: a likely tale, as though if he had accustomed his body to hot Poisons, cold would not quickly have dispatched him, and the contrary: But to leave the grand liars of the wor●● the most of which, (the more is the pity) ar● scholars, and to come to our business. Rue is a counterpoison against dangerous medicines, ill Air, it preserves the whole body ●n health being but in a very small quantity, taken every morning, it takes away lust, and is a● enemy to Venus; it is admirable in pains of the s●d●s, coughs, difficulty of breathing. Ptysicks, asthmas, Inflammations of the Lungs, sharpness of urine; it kills Worms and helps the Dropsy, and Warts in any part of the body, and is admirable against the bitings of venomous beasts.   

THE Surgeons GUIDE: OR THE ERRORS OF Some unskilful Practitioners in CHIRURGERY,  
Corrected by Nich. Culpeper, Gent. late Student in Physic and Chirurgery.  
LONDON, Printed for Nath. Brook, at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhill, 1659.   

THE The Surgeons Guide. OR, The Errors of some unskilful Practitioners in Chirurgery.  

The first Error which they use, is touching the Disease called in Latin, Lues Venerea, and in English, the French Pox.  
THe Errors which are used at this present (touching the Venerean Disease) are very great, but chief at the beginning; for when it first breaks forth, it appeareth in the Yard with inflammation, ulcers, and excoriation of the conduct of the Urine, which cometh from the neck of the Bladder: and after that commonly followeth Aposthumes of the Groins, with Pushes, and such other like discoloured Pimples, according to the infected humour; for the cure of the which, unskilful persons begin with vehement or strong Medicines; as Colocinthis, Confection of Hamech, or such like. And the next day they open a Vein in the right or left arm, (respecting not that there may follow a lask of their vehement Purgation) and then minister their unctions, and suffumigations, which is certainly a manifest Error.  
By the which means they draw the infectious blood and humours to the noble parts, and feeling the inward annoyance of the same, sendeth it to divers outward parts of the body. The which doth engender hard tumours, as knots and kernels not easily curable, and most sharp and fretting (rebellions against curation) botches, with such other like.  
And so by the maliciousness of the humour, it corrupteth and eateth the bone with such pains and torments, that the poor Patients are so afflicted, that they know not where to rest; and especially more in the night, then in the day. Therefore at this present I have thought good, according to my little skill, to teach a Method for to bring these errors into a perfect order.  
At the beginning of this contagious Disease, you shall first begin this curation by evacuating of the body with gentle Lenitives, which do both cool the boiling rage of the blood; and also make it thinner in mundifying the blood: this must be used according to the temperature of the Body.  
The which shall be done after that the body is prepared, to the end that the solutives may the better work upon the aforesaid humours. For in this case, nature must rule the Chirurgeon, and not the Chirurgeon nature. Then after that, it is necessary and profitable to open the Ankle vein, in the right or left foot, according as the Apostume doth appear; and if there be no Apostume, according to the discretion of the learned Chirurgeon: this done, you divert or pull back the aforesaid infectious humours from the principal parts. And upon the Apostume, you shall apply continually mollifying and drawing Medicines, in doing what may be to bring him to suppuration. This Indications being accomplished, you shall use of the potion made with Ebenum and Guaiacum, prepared according to the temperature of the humours, which shall be used the space of a month or thereabouts.  
And although that some learned men have an opinion, that the decoction of Guaiacum ought to be used without any other Medicines, yet nevertheless it hath been found by experience, that the use of other simples with it, (being fit and agreeing to the diseases) hath a great deal more profited, and been found of better effect than if it had been ministered alone; for in a compound disease a simple remedy is not requisite.  
Although that Alphonsus Ferrus hath written to the contrary; the which Alphonsus useth this decoction of the Wood in a manner to all diseases; (whose opinion is not to be followed) which decoction is used in Phtisi. etiam si dies placuerit in senio Philippi.  
Moreover they have greatly erred, which have set forth the Radix Chini, being a root very dear, unprofitable, and altogether without taste, and the greatest error of all is committed among them, which have brought in use, the diet of the decoction of Boxtree, which is an Astringant wood stinking, and an enemy to all the principal parts. And if you will have a wood which is most agreeable to the Guaiacum; you shall use of Fraximus, the which openeth obstructions of the Liver, of the Milt and of the Reins; for I have known many which by the use thereof have recovered their health.   

The second error touching the said disease when it cometh to suppuration.  
WHen this disease hath been once taken in hand and evil handled, either by Ignorance of the Chirurgeon or the negligence of the Patient. The common Surgeons use commonly new errors; that is, with giving solutives without preparing of the evil humours. By the which means, they take away the best and leave the worst behind, whereof engendereth Nodes, old and Cankered sores, and such like. Then they (as evil or rather worse) apply their Unctions or Suffumigations before that the Ulcers be made clean or the Nodes taken away, and sometimes leave the Bone foul. By the which means, they purchase to themselves both shame and infamy; for within four or five months the Ulcers open with great corruption of the Bone.  
Moreover they commit an error touching the Unction, for they anoint the Head, the Region of the Heart, and other noble parts, against all reason: and also all the whole body over, which is the occasion of many a man's death.  
Therefore to amend these errors (when you see that this disease is confirmed, and that there are hard Ulcers, hard Swelling, or Nodes) it is the most surest way to mundify the said Ulcers, and to open the Nodes with acaustick; than you shall make incision in the Node unto the corruption of the Bone, and then apply Praecipitatum, or else pledget's with Basilicon and Praecipitatum mingled together: this done, you shall take away the corruption of the bone.  
And then after that you may safely use your Unctions made with Axungia Gums, Minerals, Oils and Mercury; also if you add thereto of fine Treacle or Mithridatum, it will be the better.  
You shall anoint the Shoulders, the Muscles of the Back, the Loins, the Hips, the Thighs, the Knees, and all the outward members, as Legs, and Arms.  
But you must take very good heed that you touch not the Head, the Region of the Heart, the Somach, nor the ridge of the Back. Also you must have a good respect to cease your anointing in such order, that you bring not too many accidents to the mouth, whereby the Patient may utterly lose the use both of his Tongue and Teeth.  
Because that so many ignorant Surgeons, have taken upon them this cure (without either discretion in applying the Unction, or ordering of the Patient) I have thought good to write two or three words touching the ordering of the Patient.  
When the body is prepared with apt and meet Medicines, as well Syrrups, Decoctions, Purge, and opening of the Vein according to the disposition of the body, the Patient shall be placed in a place naturally hot or else otherwise made warm, which must be free from all cold; having the doors, windows, and other open places closely stopped; for the cold Air is very hurtful both for the Sinewy parts, and also for the working of Medicines; for it will diminish and hinder the actions thereof. And in this case there are many which commit great errors, which are worthy of reprehension; for as well in the Winter as in the Summer, they anoint the Patients in great and large Chambers where very much Air entereth.  
Wherefore at the beginning of this cure (if the place be not very close and warm) you shall make a Pavilion with Cover, and such other like, round about a fire; by the which means you shall keep the cold Air from the Patient. But if it be possible, it is better to have a little Chamber close and warm, and also continually a pan with Coals in the midst of it.  
If it be so that the Patients be so weak that they cannot abide the heat of the fire, or would be loath to be seen naked, (as Women or Maids) you shall anoint them lying in their Beds, First the Patient shall put out one Arm, and then the other; and so the rest of the parts shall be anointed one after another. And you shall use the Patients from time to time, to such a course as is required against the disease.   

The third Error, is concerning Wounds piercing into the Breast.  
IT fortuneth oftentimes, that the Wounds pierce the hollowness of the Breast, so that great quantity of blood doth fall down into the bottom of the same, and there doth stay upon the Diaphragma, also the heaviness of the said blood oppresseth the Diaphragma, 
Diaphragma is two Muscles which go overthwart the Breast and separateth the Heart from the Liver.  and putrefieth and engendereth an evil Qualtity. The which putrefaction sending Vapours to the heart, causeth a continual Fever, and commonly death within ten days. Of the which the common Surgeons have no consideration, or else by their ignorance they know not the cause; and so the Patient is destitute of all help.  
Wherefore when you see that the Wound pierceth into the Thorax, or Breast, you shall take good advisement, in searching out diligently, whether the Blood be descended into the lower part of the Diaphragma; the which may be known by the stinking of the Breath, and by the relation of the Patient, which doth feel the Blood quivering or shaking inwardly: And also commonly his face will be of a reddish or high colour, by reason of the Vapours which ascend up.  
And note that at the which side the blood doth most remain in lying upon the same side, the Patient shall feel less pain than upon the other, because that the said blood oppresseth the Lungs and the Diaphragma; the Chirurgeon ought to have a good respect to the sign● above written, and whilst that the strength of the Patient is yet remaining, it shall be needful to make way for the said blood to be evacuated between the fourth and fifth rib, a hand breadth, or a little more from the ridge of the back, and your Incision-knife being very sharp; also you shall do it by little and little, very gently in cutting Mesopleuria, or the Muscles between the ribs; it ought to be done toward the lower part of the said Muscles; for the Vein which nourisheth them, and the Ligaments which giveth them their moving and feeling, are placed more above then below.  
After that the Incision is made, you shall let out the corrupted blood by little and little, according to your discretion, and it shall sufficc to evacuate every dressing five or six ounces; this done, it shall be very profitable to use the wont Potions, which you shall find in the writings of learned Practitioners, which have largely written of the said potions; and by this means above written, I healed four in one year. The which cures without the aforesaid remedies, could never have been done; for the which I give unto God most hearty thanks.   

The foruth Error, touching the applications of the Traepans, Terebelles for fractures of the Head.  
IN the fractures of the Scull, there are committed great errors touching the application of the Traepan, principally when the bone is broken in many parts; for they have no consideration of the shivering of the Scull, but apply the Traepan, by the which means they press down the shivers of the bone upon the Dura Mater, and rend or tear it in such order, that it produceth grievous accidents, whereby commonly death ensueth. Wherefore in this case, you shall have a good consideration before that you apply the Traepan; for it is better (if it be possible) in this case to use other Instruments, as Eleviatories, Scissors, Lenticuli, or such other like, to make way for the bruised matter which depresseth the Dura Mater, it shall be the better, and less danger for the Patient. By this means I have many times forborn the applying of the Traepan, to the profit of my Patients, and my good Name and Estimation.  
Moreover there be many ignorant Surgeons, which without consideration apply the Traepan upon all parts of the Head, as well upon the comistures, or seams, as other places; which is the cause of the death of many Patients.  
Wherefore they ought to have a great consideration, and to be very diligent in this respect, and for to use their Art according to this true Method prescribed them.   

The fifth Error, touching the Punctures of Nerves.  
WHen it chanceth that any is hurt by the Punctures of Nerves, if he be not speedily helped by some cunning and expert Chirurgeon, he is in great danger to fall into Convulsions, which is the occasion of many a man's death, which commonly happeneth to them that are dressed by the ignorant and common Surgeons: For when they begin the cure, they make Fomentation with hot water, wherein hath been boiled Mallows, Violets, and such like; then after the Fomentation, they apply an Appeaser of pain made with the crumbs of white Bread, being mingled with the yolk of an Egg, Oil of Cammomile, and Oil of Roses; the which things are altogether contrary to the Punctures of Nerves.  
Forasmuch as their application doth moisten too much the nervous places, and retaineth or keepeth in the matter which is already come to the place; and if there be any Aposthume, it doth augment and increase it, and causeth the matter to ascend up to the Brain, whereby ensusueths Convulsions or Death.  
Wherefore to avoid this danger, and to follow the cure methodically, you shall have first a regard to the evacuation of the body; and if the strength of the Patient be good, to use Flebetonice Revolsive, or according to the cause of the grief. Then to take away that which is ready conjunct, you shall enlarge the Orofice, ●o the end, that the Medicine may the better penetrate to the bottom, and take away the sharpness of the humour. In this case I have found very profitable the Oil of Hippiricon prepared in this form; that is to say, with Venice Turpentine, and for one ounce of the said Oil, you shall take half a scruple of Euphorbium, which shall be applied very hot with Pledgets; and upon that a Plaster made with Propolis, Gum Ammoniack, and Wax as much as shall suffice. By this means the matter (which is drunk into the Nerves or Tendons) shall be drawn out to the outward parts.  
Also for this intent I have found profitable Lin-seed Oil, and Euphorbium, of each alike, with the twentieth part of Sulphur, being very finely powdered, with Perosin and Wax, as much as shall suffice to make an Unguent.  
This Unguent doth heat moderately, attract and dissicate, and is of a subtle faculty, with the which (by the help of God) the Surgeons shall get both honour and profit.   

The sixth Error, is touching the abuse of the Runners about, called Cutters for the Stone and Ruptures.  
AMong the common Runners about, (which use to cut the Stone and Ruptures) there is a great error of theirs to be lamented of any Christian heart; for under this cure of cutting the Hernies, they do miserably take away the Stone, as well in the Hernia aquosa, or ventosa, as in all the rest, the which is inhumanely and against the will of God; and they do not only use it in men, but most of all in little Children; therefore it should be very good for the Parents which have their Children troubled with any kind of Hernies, that before they commit their Children to lose their stones, and sometimes their lives, by any of these Runagates, (for so may I well term them) that they show them to some learned Chirurgeon, to the end, that he may see what kind of Hernies they have, and so to discern the Aquosa or Ventosa, from Intestinale, or Omentales.  
For certainly I have seen Hernies in Children, which came by the relaxation or division of the Peretoneum, have been perfectly healed by the apt applying of glutinative Medicines, and such other like, without cutting or taking away of the Testicle. But such is the covetous desire of these Persons, which make the Parents believe that it cannot be helped without their butcherly cutting; and for to get money, which they are as greedy after it, as Vultures after their prey, not having the fear of God before their eyes; but like covetous Gripers catch what they may for the time, and care not what become of them afterwards, whether they live or die; we know by woeful experience what harm they have done both by the murdering cruelly, and also lameness, and continual pain. These Fellows rush into England, and have such a great name at the first coming; but after when their works are tried, and then the proof of them seen, the peoble for the most part are quickly weary of them; and many a fatherless Child and Widow, which they have made, may curse the time that ever they knew them. I dare affirm they never did any cure in England, but that there are English Men which have done the like, and greater.  
Such is the foolish fantasies of our English Nation, that if he be a stranger, he shall have more favourers than an English man, though the English man's knowledge doth far pass the others, as experience therein hath showed: and this I will stand to the proof of, that there are English men that shall in all things do as much both by learning and experience as any of them all. That they may not deceive the common people with their fair promises, I resolve by God's permission to write of all the kinds of Ruptures, or Bursting, and how to know every one of them; to the end, that if any Chirurgeon which hath not the right knowledge, may straight at the first sight know what to do. I will begin to treat of the kinds of Ruptures and first of the division of them in general and then particularly.   

Of the eight kinds of Hernies.  
THere are eight kinds of Hernies, or Ruptures; whereof some have their proper names, and the others by similitude: the proper Hernies do most commonly come by the Relaxation, or Rupture, of the Proteneum, insomuch that the Intestines, and Epiplocon, or Zerbus, doth lose their natural place; and of these are seven kinds; that is, Enterocele, otherwise called Herni intestinale; Epiplocele, or Herni Zirbale; Bubonocele, or Herni Inguinale. The Hernies by similitude are when there is some tumour against nature in the Cod or in some part of the Groin, without the coming forth of the Intestines or Zirbus, and of these there are five kinds; the first is called Herni Aqueuse; and of the Greeks Hidrocele; the second Herni Carneuse, or Sarcocele; the third Variqueses; the fourth Venteuse, which is called of the Greeks Pneumatocele; the fifth Humorale, which shall be spoken of particularly in order: and first we will begin with the proper kinds.  

Of the Hernie Intestinale.  
FOr because that the Hernie Intestinale is the most convenientest, I will speak first of it. This kind is no other than a certain descending down of the Intestines in Scrotum; the cause of the which is when the Peretoneum is broken or relaxed in the place where the Spermatick vessels do pass; which comes commonly by some vehement strain, as by vehement running, leaping, lifting, or vehement crying, and such other like; the signs to know when the Intestines is descended into Scrotum, is when he lies, they will easily be put up again without any manner of trouble, or may be reduced, the Patient standing with one's hands; and in the reducing you shall hear a gurguling or noise, and by this you may know it from Zirbus, because that when the Zirbus is put up it makes no noise, and also it is not so painful: the other signs shall be declared when we come to speak of the Herni Zirbale.  
When this kind is not very fare gone, and that it be not complete: the best way is to cure it by Medicines, as well to be taken inwards, as to be applied without; that is to say, with emplasters, and so by convenient trussing and boulstering steeped in the Juice of Herbs convenient 〈◊〉 Ruptures which are of astringent and glutinative faculty. I have seen many by these aforesaid Medicines have been perfectly cured, yet nevertheless if for the oldness of it, that it be not to be cured by these means; than you must come to the last remedy, which is by cutting; for the executing of the which, I wish all men to choose an expert Chirurgeon, and not to trust too much to these Runners about; and as for this kind, it may be cut without taking away of the Testicle.   

Of Herni Zirbale.  
HErni Zirbale, which the Greeks do call Epiplocele, is another thing then the falling of Zirbus (which is a grease that covereth the Guts) into Scrotum, the which most commonly falls within Didimes, but yet sometimes by the breaking of the Didimes it falls out; the causes as well inward as outward are the same which cause Herni Intestinale; for look how the Peretoneum is broken or relaxed in the other, even so doth it in this; the signs are much like also, saving that it is much more softer, for in the touching it handleth like Wool, and is also less painful; and it is more difficult to put up then the Herni Intestinale, and in the reducing makes no noise; this kind is less dangerous than the others, by reason that the pain is less, and also because that the excrement is not in it, as it is in the Herni Intestinale.  
Now here is a special thing to be noted in this kind, which the common cutters do use; that is, they do use to cut away the Zirbus which is descended within Didime, without either tying or cautrising, and so there followeth a flux of Blood, which having no issue, but is retained in the belly, there doth corrupt, which causeth most perilous accidents, and most commonly death.   

Of the relaxation of the Peretonium, called Herni Inguinale.  
HErni Inguinale is a descending of the Intestines, or Zirbus, into the Groins, which the Latins call, Inguina, the which sort doth never go further than the Groin; for when the Intestines, or Zirbus, doth pass thorough the Peretoneum, than it is either Intestinale or Zirbale; for this kind is nothing but a relaxation of the Peretoneum. The causes are as of the others aforesaid, and it is easily to be known by the roundness; and it will be more easily reduced then any of the others; you may know when the Intestines is descended by noise that it will make, though not commonly, yet most oftennest, as hath been said of Enterocele; but if it be the Zirbus, it makes no noise, and is much more softer and not so painful.   

Of the kinds of Hernies which be by similitudes or improperly called.  
WE have spoken of those three kinds of Herni which are properly called; now it remains ●o speak of the five kinds which are by similitudes; and first we will begin with the Aquose, which is no other thing, than a certain waterish tumour of Croton increased by little and little, and for the most part lies between Heritroides and the Spermatick vessels; howbeit sometimes it may be contained between Dartos and Heritroides, and between Dartos and the Scrotum, as many learned men have written: the signs are that the Scrotum doth wax big by little and little, and for the most part without pain, and the tumour is heavy, and glistering, and hard, principally when the Scrotum is filled: it waxes in length and doth not return as doth the Intestinale and Zirbale but remains at one stay.  
This kind if that the water have long lain there, and so corrupted the Testicle, it must be taken away.   

Of Herni Charneuse.  
HErni Charneuse, which the Greeks do call Sarcocele, is a tumour against nature in the Scrotum, which there doth grow to a certain scireuse flesh, and doth much resemble the Verequeses, or Swelled Veins; the causes of the which are by the gathering together of abundance of gross humours which nature cannot rule because of the weakness; the signs are unequable hardness, and inflammation, which doth always remain in the part; that is to say, the Didime; and doth always increase with pain, being unequal and not even: wherefore Guido saith, that this kind and Vanqueuse are very dangerous.   

Hernie Verequese.  
HErnie Verequese is an appearance of Veins not accustomed about the Testicles, and other parts contained within Scrotum. The causes are gross humours gathered together, as melanchollick blood, and such like, which nature cannot disperse, because of weakness. The signs are, repletion of the Veins about, like to the twigs of Vines, with softness of the Testicle or Dideme.  
This kind, if it be not very great and far gone, it may be healed by solutive Medicines.   

The Hernie Ventose.  
HErnie Ventose is a tumour of the Cod increased by wind; and from the imbecility or weakness of the part affected, it is known by the swelling of the Cod and Yard, which glistereth like unto a slikt paper; it comes suddenly, and is round and light, if that there be not another humour joined with it.  
It is to be cured with Carnificatives, as Oleum Nucum, Oleum Anethinum, Costinum, etc. And there may be added too of Seeds and Herbs, as Semen Anisi, Carvi, Faeniculi, Agni casti, Ruta, Calaminta, Origani, etc.   

Hernie Humorale.  
HErnie Humorale is an Aposthume contained likewise in the Cod, which is engendered of humours hot and cold, not much declining from the natural habit, which may lie between Scrotum and Dartos, or between Heretroydes and Dartos, or only within Heritroydes; as for the causes, the signs, and curation are like to other Aposthumes.  
Now that I have declared the definition, causes, and signs of Hernies, it shall not be amiss to expound in few words those parts which must be opened when any of these kinds are cured by handy operation: and this is to be noted first, that the Testicles are covered with three Tunicles; the first of them takes his original of the skin, and is called Scrotum, or Purse; the second which takes his original of the Peretoneum and is called Dartos; the third which is proper to the said Testicle, and is called Heritroides; these two last do not only cover the Testicles, but also the Spermatick vessels, as well they which bring the substance wherewith the Sperm is made, which are named Preparans, as them which bring the Sperm to the neck of the Bladder, which is called Ejaculatores, or expelling, the which goes up to Ossa pubis.     

Phlebotomy displayed: OR, Perfect Rules for the letting of Blood.  
GAllen, hippocras, and Avicenna, and other Masters of Physic accord and say, That lettting blood of the Vein, and that is called Phleobatomatum; or it is ventosing, carving, or cutting: and letting blood of any of these wise, is good for man's health of body; for Blood immingled with other humours, that is too much, or else corrupted by the cause of much sickness; it is therefore good to know which Veins in a man should be let blood, and for what Sickness.  
The Vein in the Forehead, is good for the Frenzy, and aching of the Head, and for the Megrim, and for the Morphew, and Scab in the Face, for the Posthumes in the Eyes, both hot and cold.  
The Vein in the Heart, is good for a man's mind, and for the Rheum that is within the Forehead, and for the watering Eyes.  
The Veins in the Temple, is good for the Megrim, and for the Headache of the Eyes, and that hath long lasted, for the sickness of the Eyes, for ache in the Eyes, and for the great heat in the Temples.  
The Veins behind the Ears, is good for the Blains, and Pimples of the Head, for the Megrim, and Ache of the Head, it helpeth man's mind, it is good for , and for the Gums, and for all vices in the Mouth, and it purgeth the Rheum of the Head.  
The Veins in the corner of the Eyes next the Nose, is good for the Megrim, for all the sickness of the Eyes, and for the Sight, Cephica tum prius apta.  
The Vein in the top of the Nose, it purgeth the Brain, it is good for Ache and Flux of the Eyes, and for the Ache of the Nose.  
The Vein in the Cheeks is good for the Megrim, and for Spots or Scabs in the Head.  
The vein in the Mould is best for to bleed, and for to wash thy Head with the same blood.  
The Veins of the over Lip, and the nether, be good for hot Blains in the Mouth, and for Aposthumes, and for hot evils in the Mouth, or Gums.  
The Vein under the Tongue is good for Posthumes, and Rheums of the Head and Gums, and all manner of vice of the Eyes, Mouth, Tongue, Tooth-aching, and Blains of the Nose, Mouth, Gums, and for the Aposthumes, and swell under the Throat.  
The Veins under the Chin is good for the Kings-evil, and for Sauce-flean, for Spots and Blains in the Face, and other Aches of the Eyes, the Gums, and for Ache in the Nose.  
The Veins of the Neck before, is good for the Squinancy, and for all manner of Aposthumes and Swell that come from the Head to the Ears, or to the Gums, that causeth the , when the breath beginneth to be short.  
The Vein of Liver that is called Bosilica, it is good for the Jaundice, and for chafing of the Liver, and for all manner of Dropsies, and it is good for all evils in the Breast, and aching of the Back, Shoulders, Sides, and Stomach, and for the Posthume that is called Pleusis.  
The Head Vein that is called Cephanica, it is good for the Megrim, and for Headache, and for madness of the mind, for ache, and all other vices in the Eyes, Teeth, Tongue, the Squinancy, and other evils that come to the Throat.  
The Heart Vein that is called, Cardiaca ut medium, it is gentle Purgations, for it draweth blood and humours of all the body; but namely it is good for the Sickness and Purgations of the Heart, Breast, Stomach, Liver, and Lungs.  
The Vein above the Thumb is good against all Fevers, and most, Fever quartane, and for evils of the Gall, and for straightness of the Breast.  
The Vein between the Thumb and the Forefinger, let blood for the hot Headache, for Frenzy, and madness of Wit, and for Sickness of the Head, Cephanica, let the blood of the Vein in the Forehead, if it be needful.  
The same vein of the left hand, is good for Lithargy, and afterward bleed in the Forehead.  
The Vein which is between the little finger and the next thereto, is called Salva cella; you must let blood in the right hand for Aposthumes, and Sickness in the Stomach, and for all evil humours about the Liver.  
The same Vein on the left hand, is for to let blood for Imposthumes, and gathering of evil humours about the Milt and Spleen; it is good for the black Jaundice.  
The over Vein in the Yard is good for the Cramp, and for Sctatica passio, for swelling of the Womb, for the Dropsy, and for the Stone.  
The nether Vein of the Yard is good for the sides, for the Reins, Bladder, for swelling of the Stones, and for the Emeralds.  
The Vein beneath the knee helpeth the knees, and it is good for aching of the thighs, and the joints, that is called Sciatica passio.  
The Veins beneath the knees, both within and without, is good for the Liver, Sides, and Thighs, and for the matter that is above, and to draw downward.  
The Vein in the Hams is best for holding of women's Purgations; for it is the next matter, as saith Aviceri, and also it cleanseth man's body.  
The Vein that is under the Knuckle, which is called Sophena, It is good for Aposthumes, Swell, and achings, and other evils that comes to man's body from the Head to the Foot; it assuageth them, it is good for the Stone, and letting of urine, it helps the Matrice, and women's purgations, it is good for the Seab that is called Malum mortum de Bassilica.  
The Vein that is under the Knuckle without, that is, called Sianca; it is good for aching that is in the Thighs, and goeth down to the Legs, and to the Feet, and for the Podagar, and for the Seab; it helpeth most the aching of the Thighs and Joints that is called Sciatica passio.  
The Vein that cometh to the great Toe on either Foot, it is good for the Gout in the Eyes, for Blans and Spots in the Face; and for Postumes and Evils of the Stones; for the Blood, for Cankers, Festers, and Sores in the Thighs, and Legs; and for withholding of women's Purgations.  
As for the time of letting Blood; to wit, that neither in hot weather, nor yet in great cold, nor in rainy weather, nor in misty weather, nor in the weather of great tempests, nor in the old Moon, nor in the new; that is to say, four days before the change, neither four days after; but the three first quarters be good, see that the Moon be in a good sign; and from St. Bartholomew's tide, to St. Peter's tide, till February, let the Blood on the left Arm, and in January on the right; that is to say, Spring or Summer; from the twenty fifth day of July to the fifth of September, let no Blood, for then the Canicular days be, after the teaching of Galen and Avicenna.  

Rules concerning Blood letting to be observed.  
ALso be ye always well advised and wary that ye let not Blood, nor open no Vein, except the Moon be either in Aries, Cancer, the first half of Libra, the last half of Scorpio, or in Sagitarius Aquarius, or Pisces.  
Remembering also that you ought not to do it in the day of the changing, nor in the day next before, nor next after the same or when the sign is in the place where the incision should be made; neither in the heat of Summer, as from the middle of July unto the middle of September; nor in the cold time of Winter, when there is much Frost and Snow; except urgent necessity forceth you thereunto. Also if you choose out these signs following, appointed unto each complexion; doubtless you shall do the better, so that time and occasion will suffer it. As thus.  
Open a vein in the Phegmatick person, when the Moon is in Aries, saving in the Head.  
In a Melanchollick Man, the Moon being in the first half or fifteen degrees of Libra, except in the Hips; or when the Moon is in Aquarius, saving in the Legs.  
In a Choleric body it is best to be let Blood what time the Moon is in Cancer, saving in the Breast; the last half of Scorpio, saving in the Privy members; or in Pisces, saving in the Feet.  
The Sanguine man may bleed in any of the aforesaid Signs, so that he do it not what tim● the Sign is in the Members, or the Season inconvenient. Therefore beware also ye Surgeons, that ye make no notable incision, as to cu● Ruptures, take out the Stone in the Bladder, devoid from the body any natural Excrescences, Wens, or Nodes to departed, deplorate or rotten Members, to root out the Canker in the Breast, let out the water collected in the Belly through the Disease Ascites. To be short, to make an incision or cautherization in any member, or to remove the Catricle from the Eye, or to attempt any other thing by natural working upon the body of man, when the Sign governing the Sun is in the Members, in which such attempts are to be made, for the Remedy of these Diseases abovesaid; or when the Lord of the Ascendant, or first House, is the same Sign that governeth part of the Body at that time; or when there is any Oppositions, Conjunctions, or Quartile Aspects of Saturn and Mars; or when any Planets is evil aspected unto another; or when the Moon is in the Sign of Leo; or in the day of the change or full, except great necessity require it.  
Moreover I would wish no incision to be made about the full of the Moon, whereafter any great Flux of Blood may be feared to ensue; though the Sign be never so meet, but rather let it be done in the Wane of the Moon.  
As touching the Stone, Ruptures, Dropsies, to be helped by way of incision, I have rather mentioned them in this place, because that the rude and ignorant Chirurgeon may be brought to the true Practice and Knowledge hereof. I doubt not but to make many partakers of the benefit thereof; whose good intent I would wish either to follow in those attempts, and so to use it in utter refuge, when other means will take no place in that case, it being a most assured Remedy for the time and due observations of letting Blood, right well allowed, and practised at all times.    

Urinal Conjectures. Brief Observations, with some Probable Predictions on the Sick Patient's Stool or Water.  
I Must acknowledge that in my Judgement, I do in general, as concerning the uncertainty of Urine concur with learned Dr. Read; but not so, as in some particularly, evident, and remarkable distempers wholly to slight the Urinals Prophesy: I shall therefore only set down some useful Observations, and refer them to the Censure of sober and serious Practitioners. Urine is the clearer and lighter part of Blood proceeding from the Reins, which if endeavoured to be suppressed, causes the Colic or Stone. At the first evacuation most Urines appear thin so long as they retain any heat, which whilst it prevails, suffers not the Urine to grow thick, or congeals. Sometimes the Patient's Urine comes thicker from him, afterwards clearer. Some remain still as they were made: those that have Urine clear, will soon collect that which is thick into the bottom of the Urinal: Others remain troubled, the grossness notwithstanding gathered in the bottom, insomuch that these diversities of thin and subtle humours ought to be perceived of things conceived in the Urine. Some descend to the bottom, called in the Greek, Hypostasis, in English the Grounds, which if white rising up from the bottom like a pear, signify health; if of another colour, some distemper: if like things are seen in the middle of the Urinal, they are called sublutions: if they approach to the highest Region of the Urine, they are in Latin called Nubilae, in English Clouds; the grounds and residences imperfect, like little red Vetches, in Latin called Orobea: some like to Bran of ground Wheat severed from the Meal, in Latin called Furfurea. Other Urines resemble Plates, having breadth without thickness, in Latin called Laminea: some are more like to Meal, Wheat, or Barley, in the Latin called Similacea.  
There are sometimes discerned in the Urine things that resemble white heats, some longer, some shorter; some like to Rugs almost red: there is also sometimes seen in the uppermost part of the Urine a foam or a froth in bells or bubbles: sometimes there swims in the Urine the resemblance of a Cobweb; at other times there is about the Circle, as it were the renting of Cloth, or the resemblances of the Motes of the Sun, things like the corruption of a Sore, or the masculine seed; sometimes gravel or sand: in these there may be divers colours, some white, some red, some yellow, some grey, some black. These Colours must be strictly observed, whosoever will undertake from them a confident determination of the Sickness. I refer all these to the judgement of wise persons, what subtlety and cures in such niceties ought to be used.  
There is for this purpose to be considered, that judgement may not be wanting; first whether the Ordure be thin, or very thick, what other matter issueth out with it, what colour it is of, what the savour is, how little, or how strong, how easy, or how painful. Secondly, the sweat, what colour it is of, of what smell, whether the taste be salt, bitter, sour, or unsavoury. Thirdly, the evacuation of it be of one colour, or of many; if it doth smell very strong, what humour it did most abound with, whether fasting, or after-meals, painful or easy. Fourthly, whether the Spittle is thick or thin, mixed with blood, corrupt like the humour issuing out at the Nose; and if that be blood, whether it be red, watery, or black. Lastly, it is to be observed what the diet of the Patient hath been before, as also in his sickness, his age, the strength of his body, exercise, and the air he lives in, where he continued longest in his youthful years, whether in high or low, watery or dry, hot or cold Countries; these generals might suffice. I shall conclude for the Students better satisfaction with some other, from time to time, retained tradition, which in my judgement some of them are worthy of serious consideration, White Urine signifies rawness and indigestion of the Stomach; red, heat; thick like Puddle, excessive labour or sickness; white or red gravel appearing in the bottom of the Urinal, threatens the Stone in the Reins; black or green coloured Urine, is ominous, commonly signifying death.  

Of Vomits.  
IS the expulsion of bad humours contained in the Stomach; upward it is accounted, if wisely administered, as to the mitigation of the violence rightly considered of, to be the wholesomest kind of Physic, for those which are gross, or full of humours: For that which a Purgation leaves behind, a Vomit roots up; if the party vomit too much, rub his feet with hot and sweet water; and if it cease not, apply a gourd to the mouth of the Stomach. Sometimes without any Physic at all, one may fall to a customary vomiting, than it proceeds from the hot complexion of the Stomach; if from a cold, you may help it by a bag of Wormwood, dry Mints, or Marjoram, of each alike; one handful of Nutmegs, Cloves, and Galingal, half a dram of each one: let all of them be dried and powdered, and put betwixt two linen clothes with Cotten interposed, and basted, and then let ●hem be applied upon the Stomach; or else you may apply the said Herbs alone, dried upon a ●ot Tile-stone, put betwixt two linen  upon the Stomach; let the stomach be fortified with ●he syrup of Mints, or Wormwood, or Lozenges. ●f the Vomiting proceeds from a hot complexion, you may help it by a Plaster applied to the stomach, of Oil of Roses, Mints, or Barley-flour, with the white of an Egg; the water of Purslain may be taken in drink to quench the thirst.   

Of the Excrements.  
EXcrements, some are necessary, and some superfluous, as they proceed from too much blood; yet nevertheless nourish, when other nourishment fails, the seed, spearm, milk, or fat, which are superfluous, and do not proceed from blood, nor can nourish; but rather being separated from the blood, are either moist, earthy, black, melancholy: sweat, urine, proceeds from the nose, spittle, etc. Earthy or dry Excrements, as Warts, Nails, Corns, and such like. Aristotle reckoneth the Marrow of the body amongst the Excrements, but as the bones are nourished by it, even as the body is nutrified by the blood, it cannot be acknowledged for any other, than a nourishment. Blood is the very essence of life, which diminished, the spirits must consequently be dissolved; in consideration whereof, I counsel them that use any moderate exercise, not in any case to be let blood, lest that corrupt matter succeed in the place of pure blood; but if there be abundance of blood, or if it be putrefied, or burnt, if other medicines avail not, this ordination of mine must needs be infringed with better judgement, as it may be safer to use Horsleeches, especially at the Fundamental Veins, which are called the sink of the body: By this way, the Scurvy, Gout, Dropsy, and Melancholy may be prevented, being applied in the Spring, or Fall, or oftener. If the Blood which is let out appear red, and white water overflow with it, the body is sound; if bubbling blood, the stomach is diseased; if green, the heart is afflicted.    

THE TREASURY OF LIFE: OR, Salves for every Sore.  
Experienced and tried RECEIPTS, the Cure of the Most usual Diseases that our frail BODIES are most subject to, whilst we remain in this Life.  
Practised by Nich. Culpeper, Gent. late Student in Physic and Astrology.  
LONDON, Printed for Nath. Brook, at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhill, 1659.   

THE Treasury of Life: OR, Salves for every Sore. Experimental and tried Receipts for the Cure of most usual Diseases that our frail Bodies are most subject to, whilst we remain in this Life.  

CHAP. I. For the falling out of the Fundament.  
THe cause of falling out of the Fundament, is weakness, or relaxation of the Sphineter Muscle; and therefore the cure must be by such Medicines as dry and bind.  
2. A Poltiss made with Pear-tree-leaves, and applied to the place, is very good.  
3. But first you must put the Fundament up into its right place again with a warm cloth, which may be done without much trouble, if it have not been long out.  
4. If it have been long out, many times there follows inflammations and swell; and than it is very difficult to put it up in its right place again; yea, impossible before the swelling be taken away.  
5. In such a case you must bathe the place with Oil of Roses warm, or with Oil of Cammomile, or with the decoction of Cammomile, if the inflammation be not great.  
6. If the inflammation be great, you may make a Poltiss of Chickweed, and Mallows, and Endive, and Succory, with some Malt-flour to make it thick, and Sheeps-suet to make it moist, and that will allay the inflammation in four and twenty hours' time; than you may put it up again into its proper place.  
7. Having put it up again into its place, strew upon the place the Powder of  Hartshorn.  
8. A Poltiss made of the leaves of Rosemary, and applied to the place, is exceeding good.  
9 To burn Greek Pitch in a close stool whilst the diseased party sits over the smoke of it, is an approved cure.  
10. All such things as are dry and binding, are naturally medicinal for the disease, amongst which Sinckfoil, Bistort, and Tormentil are very good.   

CHAP. 2. Of the Liver.  
FOr stoppages of the Liver, the Decoction of the Roots of Parsley, Fennel, Endive and Succory are very good being drunk; and also an Ointment or Plaster made of them, applied to the right side is very good.  
2 Sage constantly eaten is a mighty great strengthner of the Liver, inferior to no Herb growing.  
3 Take of Agrimony and Liverwort, of each two handfuls, Heart's tongue, Bettony, and Ribwort, of each one handful; make a strong Decoction of them, and boil the Decoction into Syrup with Sugar, so have you an excellent remedy for the Liver always by you.   

CHAP. 3. Of the Dropsy.  
IN the beginning, the Dropsy may easily be cured, by drinking but the Decoction of Endive, and eating the boiled Herb for a Salad.  
2 Ribwort boiled and the Decoction drunk, helpeth those that have the Dropsy,  
3 Also a Plaster made of Plantain and Ribwort, or a Poltis made of the same, with a little Barley-meal and Vinegar; if withal you exercise your body much, and apply this to the Region of the Liver, you shall find it an excellent cure.  
4 Fill a Pot almost full with the Juice of Plantain, and bind a Linen cloth over the Pot, and upon the Linen cloth put wood-ashes; in that manner set it over the fire, and let it boil till half be consumed, strain out what remains unconsumed; and give three or four spoonfuls of it every morning to them that are afflicted with the Dropsy, and you shall see the wonderful effects of it.  
5 Goats blood dried on the fire, and a drachm of it given at a time in the morning, in any convenient Liquor, will soon help the Dropsy.  
6 Take the Juice of white Briony Roots, and mix it with its double weight of Honey; 'tis an excellent Purge for such as have the Dropsy, but give not too much at a time.  
7 The Bark of the Root of an Elder-tree is a very good remedy for the Dropsy; being boiled in Water, and the Decoction drunk: and yet in all probability the Bark of the Root of Dwarf Elder is better than it: if you cannot with convenience get the Bark of the Root, take the Bark of the Branches; there cannot be much difference, if there be any at all.  
8 Mustardseed dried and beaten into powder, a drachm of it taken every morning in good Wine helpeth the Dropsy; it is a gentle remedy and usually sure: yet this is certain, one remedy will not cure one disease in all Bodies; if it would, there need be but one remedy for one Disease.  
9 Hyssop boiled in Wine, and the Decoction drunk, not only cureth the Hidropical humours, but also hindereth them that they cannot engender again.  
10 If those that have the Dropsy be anointed with common dirt, such as is found in cart ways, or upon cart wheels; in a very short time it cureth them.  
11. The speedy and acquaint way to cure the Dropsy, is to let the Patient drink every morning a spoonful of the Piss of a Black Goat; if you cannot with convenience get a Black Goat, get a Black Sheep and let him drink a spoonful of his piss in the Decoction of Spikenard.  
12 A mans own Urine, being drunk, is very good in this Disease.  
13 The fat of a Dolphin melted and drunk with Wine, helpeth such as are sick of the Dropsy.  
14 The powder of a Loadstone drunk with Milk, cureth the Disease.   

CHAP. 4. Of the Spleen.  
THe Spleen is a small member in the body of Man, lying in the left Hippocondria; but it is an exceeding troublesome part, and often subject to Diseases, and when it is iseased it disturbs the whole body.  
2 The decoction of the inner Rind of an Ash-tree, being made in White Wine, and a good draught of it drunk in the morning, whilst the stomach is empty, is a certain remedy for such as are troubled with the Spleen.  
3 A Poltis made with Goat's dung, and strong Vinegar, and moistened with a little Sheep's suet, and applied to the left side, and often renewed makes the Patiented whole.  
4 Make a Decoction with Harts-tongue, Cetrarh and White Wine, and let the Patiented drink of it thirty mornings together, and it will help them of the Spleen.  
5 The leaves of a Willowtree, or if the season of the year afford ye not the leaves, take the Bark, stamp it with Salt, and apply it Plasterwise, to the left side; it appeaseth the ache and grief of the Spleen.  
6 Ivy-leaves used in like manner work the same effect.  
7 Harts-tongue, Agrimony, the leaves of Willows and Ivy, being boiled in Water and Honey, and the decoction drunk, easeth the hardness and other ill qualities of the Spleen.  
8 The powder of a Fox dried upon hot coals, if it be given to drink, doth utterly waste the Spleen.  
9 The Twigs of Willows boiled, and the Decoction drunk for common drink, doth the like.  
10 Penniroyal boiled with Salt, and applied to the grief, taketh away the ill humours of th● Spleen.  
11 That plaster which is called Amoniacum cum Cicuta, being spread upon Leather, and applied to the Region of the Spleen, is an excellent good remedy.  
12 Bind the Spleen of a Dog to the Region of the Spleen of the Patient, and it will help him in one night.   

CHAP. 5. For the Yellow Jaundice.  
TAke an Apple, and cut off the top, and pick out the Core; then put into the Apple a drachm of Turmerick powder, and ten or twelve grains of Saffron whole; put on the top again, roast it by a gentle fire, then take it off, and adding a little butter to it, mash it all together and eat it last at night going to bed; this doing in few nights will cure you.  
2 A Medicine for the Yellow Jaundice which seldom fails, is this: to swallow down Lice alive; you may swallow them down in what you please.  
3 The Urine of the Patient drunk with Juice of Horehound, helpeth the Jaundice.  
4 Ivory in powder is a very good help for the Jaundice.  
5 Yet in my opinion, Spodium which is nothing else but burnt Ivory, is far better; because it strengtheneth the Liver exceedingly: and it is impossible the body should be afflicted with the Yellow Jaundice, and not both Liver and Spleen exceedingly weakened.  
6 The proper cause of the Yellow Jaundice is a stoppage in the Biliar pores.  
7 The Juice of Cammomile given to drink to the Patient diseased with the Yellow Jaundice, is a presenr remedy,   

CHAP. 6. Of the Stone.  
THe cause of the Stone either in the Kidneys or Bladder, is the heat of either part; which hardeneth the gross slimy substance into a Stone.  
2 Goats Blood dried, and beaten into powder, being taken inwardly is a very good remedy.  
3 The powder of  Grasshoppers is also very Good.  
4 If the Region of the Bladder be anointed often with the Blood of a Fox, the Stone will break incontinently, as appears; for if you put a Stone into the Blood of a Fox, it will break in three day's time.  
5 And here take notice by the way, that many times people in avoiding gravel have some great Stone stick by the way in the passage of the Yard, which is many times forced to be taken out by cutting: in such a case, if the party did but hold his Yard in the warm Blood of a Fox, it would in a short time be made small enough to come out of itself, without any such troublesome or painful remedy.  
6 And although it is very probable, the Blood of a Fox is not always at present to be had; yet it may be dried and kept for use, whereby it may be always had at present; and may be dissolved in any convenient Liquor when there is need of its use; and of all Liquors, I suppose Vinegar to be the best, because of its piercing quality  
7 Take nine Ivy berries and beat them into powder, and give them to drink in warm White Wine; they wonderfully cleanse the Kidneys and bladder of Gravel, and provoke Urine exceedingly.  
8 Take all the blood and the whole skin of a Hare, put them into a new pot that hath a cover; lute it up close, and burn it in the fire to ashes; the Hare's skin, and blood I mean, and not the pot: Give the Patiented a small spoonful of these ashes in White Wine; it mightily breaks and drives out the Stone.  
9 The Stone that hath been taken out of a man, or the Gravel which men void, being taken back again inwardly, a drachm at a time, doth wonderfully break and bring away the Stone, and is indeed the most exquisite remedy that I know.  
10 A Tode-stone being beaten into powder, and a little of the powder given to the Patient; causeth the Stone incontinently to break and come away.  
11 Take Snails, dry them to powder, slime, and shells and all; you shall find it a most exquisite remedy, being taken inwardly, to break the stone.  
12 Eggshells dried and beaten into powder, is a good remedy; and so is the Juice of Mugwort, if you drink the quantity of a quarter of a pint in the morning fasting.  
13 The Gum of Cherry-trees, and also of all Plum-trees, being dissolved in White Wine and drunk, breaketh the Stone, and cleanseth the Kidneys and Bladder of Gravel.  
14 Take of Goat's Blood, the Liver, Lungs, Reins, Yard, and Stones of the Goat; make puddings thereof in the great Gut of the said Goat; order them well and boil them as you do Hogs puddings; and let him that is troubled with the Stone eat them as meat, not as Medicine; their wonderful effects in breaking the Stone will be admirable in your eyes.  
15 Sometimes it is a difficult matter to know whether the Stone be in the Reins or in the Bladder; in such a case, thus do: take a handful of Chickweed, and boil it well in water, then strain it out, and apply it to the neck of the Bladder; if the grief increase, the Stone is in the Bladder, else not.  
16 Goats piss drunk, breaketh and expelleth the Stone.  
17 Take two or three young Liverets, drown them in Vinegar, that they may die there; then put them into a new pot, lute them up close, and burn them in the fire to ashes; these ashes taken inwardly is an excellent remedy for the Stone.  
18 If a man that is subject to the Stone would use himself to eat no other food, but the flesh of Foxes; and anoint the Region of his Bladder with the grease of the same beast, it would in a short time cure him.  
19 A Hedge Sparrow, the feathers pulled off, and the guts pulled out, and the body converted into Mummy, or else salted and eaten raw, is an excellent remedy for the Stone.  
20 It is an excellent good way to break the Stone, often to anoint the Region of the Bladder with a strong Spirit of Camomile, drawn in alembic.  
21 Lignum Aphrituum cut in small pieces and infused in strong spirit of Wine, (the longer you infuse it, the better) make an excellent good drink for such as have the stone; provided you drink it but moderately.  
22 But Lapis Nephriticus is far better, being either born about one, and beaten into powder, and given inwardly; whereby it appears, that there is far more virtue in the Mineral kingdom, than there is in the Vegetable: the Stone is very scarce to be had in London, if it be to be had at all; because it is never used by the neglect of our College of Physicians.   

CHAP. 7. Of the Strangury.  
IN the Strangury, the Urine comes away by drops with much pain; with a great desire to piss.  
2 Ox dung mixed with honey, and applied warm to the neck of the Bladder, is very good,  
3 The Decoction of English Galanga provoketh Urine much.  
4 The neck of the Bladder anointed with the grease of a Hedgehog, is exceeding good to open the stoppage of Urine.  
5 And here by the way, give me leave to quote one experience of my own, though it be something out of course; not a year before the writing of this, I had a Patient who had lain a long time sick of the Stone; I gave him the water of a Hedgehog, distilled in an Alembick, so much of it as I had, which was about a pint; of which he took a quarter of a pint every morning: during the time he took it, the violence of his pain ceased, and he avoided such an incredible deal of Gravel, which was wonderful to behold: but that being gone, no more to be had, nor & to be procured by reason of the season of the year, his pains returned: and not long after followed his dissolution; being opened, there was two great stones found in his body, in each Kidney one.  
6 Apply Galbanum, being spread upon a Plaster, upon the Belly, under the Navel. My Author saith, it causeth the Patient to make Urine presently; any that please may try it, I can give no reason for it.  
7 Raddish-roots scraped clean, and sliced thin, and infused all night in White Wine, and stopped close, and a quarter of a pint taken the next morning, is a mighty great provoker of Urine, but it hath no very pleasing taste.  
8 Herbs that are held Medicinal for this disease are Fennel, Parsley, Gromwel, and Saxifrage, both Seeds, Leaves, and Roots; the Leaves and Bark of Hazel, and the Leaves of Plantain.  
9 Warm Eggs applied to the neck of the Bladder, wonderfully provoke Urine.  
10 The Roots of Filupendula, being dried and beaten to powder, and taken inwardly are excellent good for the Strangury: It is called Drop-wort, whether it be because it cures them that piss by drops, or because the roots hang like drops by small strings, it matters not; the one is their virtue, the other shows that it is so.  
11. The best remedy in the world against the Strangury, is this; to save all the water the diseased party maketh, and let the diseased party drink it down back again, and that in very few days will cure him.   

CHAP. 8. Of Ulcers in the Yard.  
THe causes are clearly sharp and gnawing humours.  
2. Make a decoction of Sage in white Wine, and inject it often into the Yard.  
3. If the Yard be swelled, anoint it with warm Oil of Roses.  
4. The juice of Plantain injected into the Yard, helpeth the Ulcers thereof.  
5. If you boil the Milk of a Goat, or of an Ass, with its equal quantity of juice of Plantain, till you have clarified it well, and now and then drink a spoonful of it; it helps not only Ulcers in the Yard, but also in the Kidneys and Bladder.  
6. If much sharp humours resort to the place, ●s usually there doth in such cases; take of those Cakes called Trochisi albi Rhazis with Opium ●ne dram, Plantane-water four ounces, beat the broaches into powder, and mix them with the ●lantane-water, and inject it into the Yard with ● syringe, a little at a time not all at once.   

CHAP. 9 Of the Diabetes.  
WHether the cause of this disease be the immoderate attraction of the Reins, or the weakness of the Sphinater Muscle of the Bladder, or both of them, we will not dispute the point out here; howsoever this is certain, there follows as well great thirst, as pissing against one's will.  
2. Against this disease give the Patiented the Bladder of a Goat, or of a black Sheep, or else of a Bull beaten into powder; let him drink half a dram of it in any convenient liquor at night going to bed.  
3. I suppose the Sphinater Muscle of the Bladder were sufficient, if it were converted into Mummy, and beaten into powder; for it will be found to be a very difficult thing to beat the whole Bladder into powder; besides it is the Sphinater Muscle which is in fault in our Bladder; therefore if that only of the Sheep's or Goat's Bladder be used, the Remedy is agreeable to the Disease.  
4. I remember once I cured a great Lubber, that could not lie all night without pissing a bed, nor remain a quarter of an hour in the day time without pissing, by only advising him to drink no other drink, than what had been tied up twelve hours in a sheep's bladder; and as ● have been since informed, he is perfectly cured by it.  
5. Give him for three days in the Wane o● the Moon, the Bladder of a freshwater fish.  
6. The Brain of a Hare converted to Mummy, and given in Wine to drink, causeth the Patient to hold his water.  
7. Galangal taken inwardly, is a good remedy to stop the involuntary flowing of the water, if it come of a cold cause, as I am of opinion it always doth.  
8. The Lungs of a Kid bound warm under the Navel, withholdeth the distillation of urine, saith my Author; yet my opinion is, that if they be medicinable for the disease, the best way is to apply them to the Neck of the Bladder.  
9 My own Child was troubled with this disease when very young, whom I cured with these remedies; First I got Alehoof, and chopped it very small, but washed it not, and having sprinkled it with strong white Wine Vinegar, applied to her Wrists.  
Then I took three Holly-leaves, the fullest of prickles I could get, and boiled them in her drink: These medicines I learned of an Italian, which indeed cured her.   

CHAP. 10. Of swelling of the Cod.  
THis disease cometh sometimes of humours falling down into the Scrotum, and sometimes only wind gathering there.  
2. Take Bean-flour, make it into the thickness of a Poltiss with juice of Dwarf-Elder, and common Oil, and apply it warm to the Cod, it will presently allay the Swelling.  
3. A Poltiss made of the bark or leaves of Elder, or dwarf-Elder will do the like.  
4. Goats-dung dissolved in Wine, and the Cod bathed therewith, takes away the swelling.  
5. The decoction of Marjoram also doth the like, if it be used in like manner.  
6. But before all these, I prefer the decoction of Vervine and Plantain to bathe the place with.   

CHAP. 11. Of the Priapismus.  
THe Priapismus, or continual standing of the Yard, is a disease exceeding painful and dangerous, proceeding usually from a superabundance of hot and moist windy vapours possessing the seminal vessels.  
2. Let such as are subject to this disease, use cool and moist diet, especially let them eat much Purslane and Lettuce.  
3. Hemlock bound to the Privities, presently assuageth the disease.  
4. Let such as are subject to this disease, avoid all Venerial thoughts; for nothing in the world stirs the body to action more than thoughts do.   

CHAP. 12. To provoke the Terms.  
A Plaster made of Galbanum, and applied to the Navel, doth mightily provoke them.  
2. Herbs medicinal to provoke them, are Calamint, Penerial, Betony, Sage, Margerum, Savory, Mugwort, etc.  
3. The powder of Calamint works very violently upon the Feminine parts, and therefore a dram of it taken in white Wine every morning, is a very probable remedy to provoke them; only have a special care you give it not to women with child, because it destroys the fruit of her Womb.  
4. One caution let me give you before I go any further, whatsoever you give to provoke the Terms, give it the Moon increasing, and the nearer the full the better; for you will find it an Herculean task, to bring them down in the Wane of the Moon, especially in such as never yet had them.  
5. The root of a white Lily roasted soft in the embers, and stamped with Oil, and applied to the Matrix, it mightily openeth the passages thereof, and brings down not only the Terms, but also the dead child.  
6. A Pessary made of Wool dipped in the juice of Sage, is a very good remedy to provoke the Terms; and indeed so is Sage taken any way; and it is very probable, that the use of drinking Sage-Ale took its rise from hence  
7. It is good to make a bathe of all such things as provoke the Terms, and having put it in a Close-stool, let the diseased party sit over it.  
8. Cinnamon, and Cassia Lignea provoke the Terms exceedingly, and would be more used, were they not so common.  
9 Bitter Almonds stamped, (being first blanched) and used as a Pessary, not only to provoke the Terms, but also cleanse the Womb of ill humours.  
10. Half a dram of the powder of Steel given in the morning in white Wine, will bring them down.  
11. I knew once a young Virgin in Service in London, who was broken out all about her body, her face, and all in rough bunches, not much unlike those of the French Disease; and she lay under that scandal, that she had that disease; I was sent for to see her, and examining the matter, found that she never had the Terms, I presently conceived that to be the cause, and by administering only such Medicines as provoke them, cured her in a short time.  
12. Once I had a Patiented aged about thirty, a Widow, in whom they were stopped, by reason of grief; and when I could provoke them no other way, about the full of the Moon I advised her to drink a gallon of Posset drink made with white Wine; in two hours' time before she went to bed, I think she drank a pottle at least within the time, and the next day they came down; the reason is clear.   

CHAP. 13. To stop the Terms.  
BEfore I come to Medicines, I thought good to give notice of this, that those things which strengthen the Womb, both provoke the Terms when they are stopped, and also stop them when they flow immoderately; such be stinking Arrach, Cinnamon, Cassia Lignea, etc.  
2. Therefore the extract of Arrach made into Pills with the powder of the same Herb, is excellent good both to provoke them, and also to stop them.  
3. If the cause of their immoderate flowing be some vein broken, as sometimes it is, then to take the syrup of Clounswound-wort inwardly, is an excellent remedy.  
4. Neither do I think the syrup of Comfrey, or of Solomons-seal to come much behind it.  
5. Make a Pessary or Goats-dung, and the juice of Shepherd's purse, or Ribwort, or Plantain, and Yarrow, and Pomgranate-flowers, it helps mightily in this case.  
6. Make a bathe of Plantain, Ribwort, Teazle, Shepheards-purse, Pomegranate flowers, the rind of an Oak, put it in a Close-stool, and let the diseased Woman sit over it.  
7 As many Grains as a Woman doth drink of Corriander-seed, so many days shall the terms be stopped, saith my author: I set it down rather for the oddness of the conceit, rather than to persuade any one of the truth of it.  
8. Red Coral being drunk, stops the terms  
9 The ashes of burnt A corns cast up the 〈◊〉 trix, stops the terms, and rids the Womb of all filthy noisome humours.  
10. The Decoction of Ribwort drunk, is a most excellent remedy to stop the terms.  
11. The water that is found in a hollow Oak, is very good being drunk to stop the terms.  
12. Dried Acorns beaten into powder, and Acorn Cups, and Comfry Roots, and the Roots of Solomons-seal, of Bistort, Tormentil, and cinquefoil, are very good to take inwardly.  
13. The herb St. Johns-wort, being beaten into powder and drunk, doth stop both White and Red Flux.  
14. Also Dragon's blood is much commended for it.  
15. The Flowers of Red Archangel, or dead Nettles, stop the Red Flux; the Flowers of White, the Whites.  
16. Many times this Flux comes upon women in Labour, especially such as fall in Labour before their time; and than it is exceeding dangerous: in such a case, the speediest cure (for there must be no dallying) is to force away the conception.  
17. If you can save them and dry them and give them her down back again, it may do wonders.   

CHAP. 14. For the fits of the Mother.  
THe cause is clearly windy vapours ascending from the Womb upwards.  
2. Stamp nettles and apply them to the matrix is very good.  
3. Apply a plaster of Galbanum to the Navel, it is a most admirable remedy to restrain those noisome vapours, I never yet kn●w it fail.  
4. It is a strange thing, that many that lie sick of this infirmity, though their speech be even taken away, yet their pulse gives no indication of any sickness at all,  
5. Therefore if you find any Woman in that case, especially if they fetch their breath short; do not say they sergeant, but judge the disease to be the fits of the Mother.  
6. Let her receive stinking Vapours at her Nose, and sweet vapours at her Privities; for the Womb draws to all sweet things, and flies from all stinking.  
7. Nettle-feed beaten into powder, and drunk in Wine; doth assuage all pains of the Womb, and takes away the windiness thereof.  
8. Take of extract of Arrach half an ounce, Assa-foetida two drachms, make them up into Pills with powder of Arrach; and let the diseased Woman take a scruple morning and evening.  
9 The Leaves of Burrs, draw the Womb which way you please; therefore in this disease apply them to the soles of the feet: but in falling out of the Womb, apply them to the crown of the head.  
10. Bur-seeds do the like.   

CHAP. 15. Of swell of the Breasts and Nipples.  
THe cause may be either cold taken at the Breasts, which causeth inflammations there, such as women call the Ague in the breast.  
2. Or else the curdling of the Milk there, when it is turned into a substance like Cheese.  
3. Sometimes the nipples are so swelled through superfluity of Milk, that the child cannot draw them.  
4. In such a case take Bean flowers, and mix it with the white of an Egg, and apply unto them.  
5. Nettles boiled in Vinegar, and applied to them, instantly helps them.  
6. Crumbs of Bread mixed with the juice of Smallage, and applied unto the Breasts, helps them when the Milk is curdled in them.  
7. If there be any hollow Ulcer in the Breast, Goats-dung mixed with Honey, soon, easily, and gently cleanseth out all the filth, and healeth it.  
8. A Poltiss made of Mallows, Chickweed, Malt-flour, and Sheeps-suet, takes away the Ague in the Breast without breaking.  
9 Goats-dung mixed with Vinegar, and applied plasterwise, dissolves the curdled Milk.  
10. The ashes made of a Dog's Head, helps cankrous Ulcers of the Breast.  
11. Pigeons-dung mixed with Honey, is of great efficacy in knotted Breasts.  
12. Knotgrass being carried about the person, takes away the swelling of the Nipples incontinently.  
13. The Breasts anointed with the grease of a Hedgehog, helps the curdling of Milk, and opens the Pores exceedingly; also if the Nipples be swelled, anoint them with it, it instantly helps them.  
14. The shells of Partridges Eggs stamped, and mingled with Tar, helps the Nipples when they are so chapped, that they are ready to fall off.  
Crab-claws taken inwardly, are very good in all diseases of the Breast; yet my opinion at present is, that the whole Crab converted into Mummy, and taken a drachm at a time, is better.   

CHAP. 16. Of Childbirth.  
DAte stones beaten into powder, and given in Wine doth give most wonderful ease to women in labour.  
2. Dip a linen cloth in the juice of Parsley, and put it up the Privities, it causeth the deliverance of the dead child.  
3. The same being drunk, brings away the Afterbirth.  
4. It is also it very good thing, being taken inwardly, to cleanse the Womb of ill humours; and therefore a syrup of it ought to be kept always in the House, it furthers conception much.  
5. Polipodium stamped well, and applied to the feet of a woman in travel, bringeth away the child, whether it be alive or dead.  
6. Castorium, or the spirit of it taken inwardly, is held to be very good.  
7. The ashes of an Asses-hoof mixed with Oil, and the Privitives anointed with it, is a very good and easy remedy.  
8. Also give unto a Woman in this case another Woman's Milk to drink; it causeth speedy delivery.  
9 The decoction, or rather the juice of Vervine, given to drink to a woman in travel, causeth speedy deliverance also.  
10. A dram of Myrrh given in powder to drink in any convenient liquor, bringeth the child away, whether it be alive or dead.  
11. Boil Mugwort in water till it be a Poltis, and apply it hot to the Thighs of a woman labouring with child, it causeth both birth to come away; and if you let it tarry long there, it will bring the Womb away also.  
12. Dittony in powder given a dram at a time to a woman labouring with a dead child, bringeth it away.  
13. Take Peony-seed in powder, mix it with so much Oil, that you may make it into a Plaster, and apply to the small of the back of a woman in labour, according to the opinion of my Author, it causeth delivery without pain.  
14. A suffumigation made of the Horns and Hooss of a Goat, being put in a Close-stool, the woman sitting over it, wonderfully moveth the Womb to deliverance.  
15. Betony is held to be a precious herb to be taken inwardly in this case.  
16. It is reported, but whether it be true or no, I know not, that if there be any Pears in the room where a woman is in labour, they wonderfully hinder delivery.  
17. Juniper-berries eaten, or rather the distilled spirit of them drunk, causeth delivery both of the child and after-burthen.  
18. Dissolve a Swallows-nest in water, strain it, and let the woman labouring with child drink the water, a good draught of it at a time, it causeth the birth of the child to be very easy.   

CHAP. 17. Of the Gout.  
TOwn cresses stamped, and made in a Poltiss, adding a little Sheeps-suet to it to keep it moist, and applied to the place, is a very good remedy.  
2. The place being anointed continually with Rape-seed-oyl, will in time help the disease without any other remedy.  
3. The root of a Holy-hock, or else of a Marshmallow being stamped and mixed with the grease of an old Dog, and applied to the place, will help the Gout in three day's time.  
4. The seed of Plantain being beaten into powder, and mixed with Hogs-grease, and applied to the place, is a great help against the Gout.  
Take Mustard seed, Figs, and Honey, a little Bread, and a little Vinegar, beat them all together, and bind them to the grief.  
Take the flesh of a fat Cat, the grease of a Goose, of a Badger, and of a Fox, Ivy-berries, Sage, Rue, Virgins-wax, Frankincense, the Yolks of roasted Eggs, and snails; put all these in an earthen pot that hath a hole made in the bottom for the purpose: lute the top of it close with paste, that no Air may go out nor in, and put the bottom of this pot into the mouth of another whole pot, that is fit to receive it, and lute them close together; then dig a hole in the earth fit to receive the undermost pot, and cover it up close with earth; then make a fire about the uppermost, and there will distil out of it a most excellent Ointment to cure the Gout.  
7. Take six Bats or Flittermices, boil them in rain-water with a few sprigs of Willow; it makes an excellent Bath to cure the Gout.  
8. The Gouty place being anointed with Oil of Henbane, takes away the pain.  
9 Take Snails and bruise them, and apply them to the place; is a most admirable remedy.  
10. Kill a puppy dog that is not thirty days old, and anoint the grieved place with its blood.  
11. Take a whelp of the age aforesaid, and roast him, and when he is half roasted, cut him through the midst; and apply him hot to the grieved place.  
12. Henbane heat hot between two Tile-sherds, and applied to the place, helps the disease.  
13. Make a plaster with Opium, Saffron, and the Yolks of Eggs, and apply to the place.  
14. Make an Ointment with Emmets and their Eggs, and Hogs-grease, adding a little Bay-salt to it, and anoint the grieved place with it.  
15. The distilled Spirit of Misletoe, the grieved place being bathed with it, is as excellent a remedy for the Gout as most is.  
16. The ashes of  Time mingled with the White of an Egg, and plastered upon the place, helpeth the Gout.  
17. A Bath made with Water, wherein Emmets and their Eggs being first bruised, have been boiled; doth quickly help the oldest Gout that is.  
18. A most admirable remedy for the Gout, but that is very difficult to be gotten in these parts, is to anoint the place with the grease of a Lion.  
19 Galen saith that the ashes of Coleworts being mixed with Hogs-grease, will help the Gout in three day's time; if it be anointed with it.  
20. The dung of a Stork mixed with Hogs-grease, helpeth the Gout; though of long continuance.  
21. An Ointment made of Rosa Solis, and Hogs-grease, is an excellent remedy.  
22. Hermodactils beaten into powder, and made with an Ointment in to Hogs-grease, is very good.  
23. Pigeons-dung boiled in Wine, till the Wine be consumed, and used as a plaster, helpeth the Gout.  
24. Take a pound of wax, five pound of good Oil, a pound of good Wine; boil them together till the Wine be consumed: afterwards mingle therewith two drachms of Euphorbium in powder make an Ointment thereof; the effects thereof hath been proved in Gouts of all sorts.  
25. A drachm of the Juice of the rind of a Popplar-tree being drunk every morning, is an excellent remedy; if you cannot get a drachm of the Juice, bruise the Bark, and make a strong Decoction of it; and of that you may drink a quarter of a pint.   

CHAP. 18. For the Fistula and other hollow Ulcers.  
MIngle the Milk of Spurge with Hogs-grease, and boil them together till they be well incorporated, then put a little powder of Myrrh to them; anoint the tent with this Ointment, and put it into the hole of the Fistula; and it will cleanse it of all manner of filth.  
2. Take of Plantain, Ribwort, Primrose-Leaves, and Daisies; dry them and beat them into powder, and let him that hath a Fistula, take three drachms of this powder in a day inward in any convenient Liquor, viz. one in the morning, another at noon, and the third at night: it is a sovereign cure for all sorts of Fistula's and hollow Ulcers; if they be curable; if not, my Author saith the Patient will vomit up the Medicine again.  
3. The ashes made of a Dogshead, being burnt in a new pot, helpeth any Fistula or Canker, and cleanseth the hollow Ulcer of all his filthiness.  
4. If the Fistula have many holes, or if there be but one, and that one be so strait that it will not admit of a Tent, as many times it happens by reason of hardness of the lips; in such a case there is no better remedy than this: take Goats-dung and boil it well with Honey; then strain it when it is hot, and drop a little of it warm into the hole; it taketh away the Swelling, and draweth out the Filth and Corruption, purgeth away the rotteness, and healeth up the Fistula.  
5. If the Fistula be outwards, put thereto the Juice of Doves-foot, and it will heal it; if it be inward drink it inwardly, and it will do the like.  
6. Let such as are troubled with Fistula's take a drachm of Myrobalans in powder every morning; if the cause come of Melancholy, let him take the powder of Indian Myrobalans, but if it proceed of Choler, use Citron Myroba●ans.  
7. If it be a woman that have the Fistula, drop into it the Juice of a Cow's turd; but if it be a man that hath it, let it be Juice of a Bulls ●urd.  
8. The Juice of Plantain put into the hollowness of the Fistula, will help it.  
9 The Juice of Ribwort, and the Juice of Pimpernel will do the like.  
10. If the Fistula be clean, a Tent made of Lead being put into it will cure it; you may pull 〈◊〉 out now and then if you please, and put it in ●gain.  
11. Let such as are troubled with Ulcers or Fistula's use Avens in their ordinary drink.  
12. The distilled water of Nightshade, is excellent good to wash hollow Ulcers; but in my opinion, the Spirit of the Herb is ten times better.   

CHAP. 19 Of the Leprosy.  
TAke an adder, cut off the Head and Tail, and cleanse him of his Skin and Entrails; then boil him in Wine, and make him into Troches with a few crumbs of bread; of which let the Patient take a drachm every morning in a quarter of a pint of the Wine wherein he was boiled: if this begin to make his body swell, take him to a Hothouse and let him sweat, and after sweeting let his whole body be anointed with the liquor wherein the Adder was boiled; and you shall find the whole flesh and skin will be renewed, and the Patient perfectly cured.  
2. Viper Wine, if it be well made, must needs also be very good in this case.  
3. Make a strong Decoction of Adders in water, then let Corn lie in steep in the water certain days, and feed Hens with the same Corn; let them eat no other meat nor drink, no other drink but the water it was steeped in; and in few days you shall see their Feathers will fall off: when all their feathers are off; then kill them and boil them, and let the Leoprous person eat them, and drink the water wherein they were sodden, and bathe his body in it, or at least wise so much of it as is troubled with the Leprosy.  
4 Take a Snake and roast her with salt, afterwards burn her in a pot well closed, while she may be all brought into powder; of which we may give a drachm at a time in any convenient Liquor to him that hath the Leprosy.   

CHAP. 20. Of Warts.  
THough Warts themselves be no terrible disease, yet are they but an ill savoured Ornament to the hands, and a worse to the face.  
2. Put the feet of Hens in hot Embers, till the scales thereof be separated and shrunk from her Legs; and with the same scales while they be warm rub your warts, and in three or four days so doing it will drive them away.  
3. The rind of a Willowtree burnt, and the ashes tempered with Vinegar, and applied plasterwise to the warts, takes them away.  
4 Agrimony stamped with Vinegar, and applied to them, doth the like.  
5. Purslane rubbed upon Warts, hath this property, that it will pluck them up by the roots.  
6. Take a red Snail and cut her overthwart the back, and save the liquor that cometh from her; the which blend with a little Bay-salt being first dried and beaten into powder, and apply it to the Warts, and it will instantly kill them.  
7. The Milk of a Figtree if a little of it be put upon Warts, it takes them away by the Roots without any pain at all.   

CHAP. 21. To draw any Thorn or Splinter out of the Body.  
SOuthernwood made into an Ointment with Hogs-grease, of its own property draweth out any Splinter, or thorn, or Iron, out of the body of man.  
2. Goose-dung mingled with the Juice of Betony, doth the like.  
3. The ashes of  Swallows mixed with Vinegar, and applied, hath the like operation.  
4. Polipodium stamped with Hogs-grease, and applied to the grief; is very good also.  
5. The root of Gladen being stamped, and applied to the place, is good in the same operation; for it draweth out, not only Thorns and Splinters, but also pieces of broken Bones,  
6. Also if it he drunk inwardly, it is exceeding good in all manner of bruises.  
7. Betony being made into an Ointment with Hogs-grease, is excellent good to draw out pieces of broken bones; especially in the head.  
8. Stamp the Root of Elecampany with the grease of a Hedgehog and a little Honey; and apply it to the place, it draweth out Thorns, or any thing else that is fastened in the body of man.  
9 Snails bruised and applied to the place, is a remedy inferior to none    

The Expert LAPIDARY.  
OR A Physical Treatise OF THE SECRET VIRTUES OF STONES.  
BY Nich. Culpeper, Gent. late Student in Physic and Astrology.  
LONDON, Printed for Nath. Brook, at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhill, 1659.   

THE Expert Lapidary: OR A Physical Treatise of the secret Virtues of Stones.  

1. Jacinth.  
OF these there are two kinds, red, which is the best; the other like a Carbuncle, which is presently changed by the fire, and of a small bigness.  
This Stone being carried about a man, preserveth a man from hurt by lightning, and preserveth him from the plague; if it be brought near to any that hath the plague, it loseth its lustre, splendour, and brightness; so it doth being brought near to any poison; being beaten into powder, and so taken inwardly, or born whole about a man, it provoketh sleep, and increaseth honour and wisdom.  
Authors for this, Cardanus and Wicker.   

2. Saphire.  
THis being born about one, helps all diseases of the skin, as Morphew, Itch, Scabs, Ringworms, etc. keeps back sweeting, makes men chaste, causeth strength, and a good colour, takes away vain fears, helps Necromancy, and troubles by Necromantic Apparitions, by divine gift; it makes the mind quiet, godly, and safe; being drunk inwardly, it helps such as are bit by venomous Beasts and Scorpions, inward Ulcers, Poison and Pestilence, flesh growing in the Eyes, strengtheneth and maketh glad the heart, being mixed with other Medicines for the same purpose; it assuageth Carbuncles by being touched with it; being worn, it defends from the Pestilence; inwardly taken, it helps Ulcers in the inner parts, and burstness.  
Authors for this,  
Albertus magnus, Garcias, Cardanus, Dioscorides, and Galen.   

3. Emerald.  
OF Emeralds there are three sorts, the best comes from Scilicia, and is the softest; the next from Peru, which is harder, and not so deep a colour, but more perspicuous and glistering; the third (which is the worst) comes from the West Indies, and is of a dull colour, scarce to be seen through; scarce any that come from Peru are without spots.  
They rejoice most in their own light, and are of more force by night, then by day; no Stone more safe to carry about one, than this, the Saphire, and Jacinth.  
This Stone stayeth lust, and according to Cardanus, and Albertus magnus, they will break, if they be about a man when he deflours a Virgin.  
Being born about one, it stays the Vertigo, or dizziness in the head, strengthens the memory, stays inordinate passions and affections, helps the sight, causeth love of Study, increaseth riches; being held under the tongue, it is good to divine with, it causeth eloquence.  
Being taken inwardly, it cureth the Falling-sickness, bloody Flux; it resisteth Poison, and helps vain fears, as of Fairies, Night-Hags, Devils, etc. it helps folly and anger, and brings a good condition.  
Cardanus, Albertus Magnus, Garcias, and Aristotle.   

4. Ruby.  
RUby is a red Stone shining like fire, it restraineth lust being born about one; but most of all, being taken inwardly, it resisteth the Pestilence, preserveth the body sound, strengthens the vital spirits, thereby taking away evil thoughts, and making the man nimble-witted, cheerful, and therefore fortunate.  
Cardanus, and Wicker.   

5. Granate.  
OF this Stone there are two sorts, East and West, and the West are supposed to be best; they are of the quality of the Earth and Fire; being worn outwardly, or taken inwardly, they resist sadness, but take away sleep; they strengthen the heart, but hurt the brain as much; they stir the blood, and make men angry. The Easternly work the same effects, but not so violently.  
Cardanus, and Wicker.   

6. Sardine.  
OF Sardine there are three sorts in the Indies, to wit, red, fat, and that with silver creases, but the best of all come from Babylon; being born about one, they keep away evil dreams, quicken the wit, bridle in the blood and choler, and make men conquerors in strifes and suits of Law, and increase riches.  
Cardanus, Pliny.   

7. Diamond.  
A Diamond is the hardest of all Stones, and most effectual in whatsoever virtue it hath; it wonderfully prevails against night-fears, therefore must of necessity prevail against melancholy and choler adust; or it may do it by strengthening the heart, for fear comes through weakness of the vital spirits, and is known by the beating or motion of the heart. It is reported to make those infortunate that wear them: for it is so to the Heart, as the Sun is to the Eye, though it be light itself, yet it dazzles the eyes, and makes them blind, if you look upon him; the best way then to wear them, is at a distance from the body; they make men undaunted, therefore they are best for Cowards to wear: they are ill to wear for dishonest people, for they make them bold to do mischief.  
Cardanus, and Garcias.   

8. Amethyst.  
OF these there are two sorts, the one white like Crystal, and hardly known from it; the other of a Violet colour: the best are brought out of India, they make men stayed, and watchful; being bound to one's Navel, they keep him from drunkeness, they are profitable in fights and hunt; they quicken the wit, take away sleep, and vapours that flow into the head; being laid in Wine all night, and the Wine drunk in the morning, they make women fruitful, and resist poison. Cardanus.   

9 Bezoar.  
THere are two sorts, East and West Bezoar; the East is best, it hath no obnoxious quality with it, if you take never so much of it; being taken inwardly, it is profitable against the bitings of venomous beasts, and all melancholy diseases, as Leprosy, Itch, Scabs, Quartane Agues, Ringworms, etc. It hath been known to cure men past hope, and left off by Physicians, and hath restored them to their former health; it resisteth poison; a little of it in powder being put upon a Wound made by a venomous Beast, sucks out the poison: or being made into Lozenges with Rose-water, it is a Preservative against all manner of poison.  
Garcias.   

10. Topaz.  
Topaz is a Stone of a green colour, being rubbed upon a Physical Whetstone, to wit, a Whetstone of Cypress, it produceth an Oil which will cure diseases in the Eyes; also it is helpful for Dropsies and Consumptions. If you put it into a vessel of boiling water, it cools the water so, that you may presently thrust in your hand, and take it out, without any hurt to your hand.  
Epiphanius, Albertus magnus.   

11. Snake's Stone.  
CAtch a Water-snake, and draw a string through his tail, and hang him up with his head downwards, a vessel of water being under, into which he may gape, and after certain hours or days he will vomit a Stone, which falling into the water, will drink it all up: this Stone being bound to the Belly of one that hath the Dropsy, draweth out, and drinketh up all the water.  
Hollerius.   

12. Toad Stone.  
A Toads Stone by gentle touching, or stroking, takes away the pain, inflammation, and swelling from any Wound, made by any venomous Creature, and instantly draws out the poison; therefore if a Rat, Bee, Wasp, Spider, Hornet, or any other venomous Creature, have hurt any part about thee, touch the place gently with this Stone, and the pain and swelling will cease.  
Take a Toad, and tie her up in a purse full of holes, and lay it in an Emmet-hill, and when the flesh is all eaten away, you may find the Stone, if there be any; for all Toads have it not.  
If you accidentally get such a one, and desire to know whether it be right or no, hold it near to a live Toad, and if it be good and true, she will proffer to take it away.  
Wicker, Lemnius.   

13. Alectorius.  
THis is a Stone found in the ventricle of an old Cock; it is of the bigness of a Bean, it maketh him that beareth it, beloved, constant, and bold; maketh them beloved of Women, and strong in the sports of Venus, being held under the tongue it quencheth thirst.  
Lemnius, Albertus Magnus.   

14. Jasper.  
IAsper being borne about one, stops Bleeding, helps Travel in Women, stays Lust, cures Agues and Dropsies, and cheers the heart.  
Garcias, Albert. Mag. Mathiolus.   

15. Nephriticus.  
THis is a stone which being borne about one, stays the pains in the Reins, and Stomach, expelleth Stone, and Gravel.  
A certain man being troubled with the Stone, wearing this Stone about him, voided so much Gravel, that he feared the quantity would do him harm being cast out, it was so exceeding great; therefore he laid off the Stone, and presently he voided no more Gravel; but being pained again, he wore the Stone, and presently the pain ceased, and abundance of Gravel; and small Stones came from him; for it is of that admirable faculty, being borne about one, next the skin, that it preserves from the pain of the Stone, and cools the Reins.  
Another of ten years of age was pained with the Stone, and wearing a Bracelet of these Stones, never was troubled with it afterwards.  
Nich. Monardis, Wicker.   

16. Tiburones.  
IN the Indian sea are caught fish, called Tiburones, being great, strong, fight fish, and of a terrible aspect, which daily fights with the Sea Wolves in their heads is found three or four Stones, and sometimes more, very white, great and heavy; so that sometimes one of them weighs two pound: the powder of them cureth the Stone in the Reins and Bladder, and difficulty of Urine; and is of no taste at all.  
Nich. Monardis.   

17. Bloodstone.  
THis is a kind of Jasper, being worn next the skin, it stops bleeding either at the nose or mouth, or by wound; it stops the hemorrhoids or Piles, and stays the Courses in Women: this it doth (as experience teacheth) either by dipping the Stone in cold water, and holding it it in the hand, or by binding it to the place, so it touch the skin.  
N. Monardis.   

18. Haematites.  
LApis Haematites is binding and a little heating, and extenuating; it cures Scars and Scurf in the eyes, being mingled with Honey; and eyes that be Bloodshed, being mingled with Woman's milk: it is given in Wine against difficulty of Urine, and overflowing of the Courses in Women; and in Juice of Pomegranates, to such as Vomit blood.  
Wicker.   

19 Sea Sand.  
IF a man that hath the Dropsy, stand up to the neck in Sea-sand, by the Seaside, in a hot day, it will drink up all the water and cure the Disease.  
Wicker.   

20. Whetstone of Cypress.  
A Whetstone of Cypress, that which comes off from it by whetting, stays the falling off of Hair, and causeth it to grow in bald places, it keeps the breasts of Virgins from growing; being drunk with Vinegar, it consumes the Milt, and cures the Falling sickness.  
Wicker.   

21. Aetites,  
THere are four sorts of these, but the best comes from Africa, and are found in an eagle's nest, which is very little and soft having another little one within it; and is thought to be the female. The Male come from Arabia, and is hard like a Gaul, having another hard Stone within it, and is of a reddish colour,  
The third comes from Cypress, and is like that which comes from Africa, but is bigger, and hath sand and little stones within it.  
The fourth is called Taphiusius, from the place whence it comes, and is found in Rivers; it is white and round in form: this is the worst of all.  
These all jointly are called Lapis pregnans, or a Stone with Child, because it carries another Stone within it.  
If this Stone be given to a thief in bread, he cannot swallow it down, or if you boil it in any thing, and give the Decoction to any that hath stolen any thing from you, he cannor drink it though the Stone be out.  
Being bound to the Neck or Arm of a Woman, it strengthens conception, and stays miscarriage; in the time of her Labour, if it be bound to the inner part of her Thigh, near the place of conception, it causeth her to have an easy labour, almost without any pain: but be sure you take it away so soon as she is delivered, for fear of further mischief.  
Pliny, Disocorides, Lemnius.   

22. Chelidonius.  
IF you take young Swallows out of their nest before the full Moon, you shall find two little Stones in their Ventricles: the one radish, the other black: these aught never to touch the earth, but be kept close wrapped up in Bullocks or Stag's leather; the former being bound under the Armholes, helps the Falling-sickness, the other Fevers.  
Thus Albertus Magnus.  
Some say if you prick out their eyes, the Old one will bring a Stone which will recover their sight; and some say she doth it by Celandine; the Stone will remain in their Ventricle: I have tried this, I pricked out the eyes of some in a nest, and not of others; and I found the Reddish-stone in the Ventricle of one, whose eyes I pricked out, and she could see again; but in those whose eyes were not pricked out, there was none; but I never observed the Lunation.  
Also they say if you break their Legs, she will bring a Stone which will instantly cure them; which Stone will be found in the nest.   

23. Lincyrius.  
LApis Lincyrius, being cast among burning coals quencheth them; and if you wrap it up in a Linen cloth, not only that, but the cloth also, will remain unburned even in the midst of the hottest fire.  
It wonderfully helps forward the Travail of Women.  
Epiphanius.   

24. Jet. 25. Amber.  
IEt being beaten into a very fine powder, and given to a Woman fasting, in White Wine, will presently make manifest whether she be a Virgin or no; for if she presenlty make Water, her Virginity is lost; if not, the contrary.  
The same effect also hath Amber; both of them, or either of them being hung about one's Neck, are profitable against distillation of Phlegm into the Throat and Lungs.  
Baptista Porta. Mathiolus   

26. Lapis Lazuli.  
IT is a Stone of a Sky colour; the best of them have spots in them like stars of gold, and are found in Gold Mines: being given inwardly, they purge Melancholy notably. So they do meanly: being carried about one, they make the bearer of them merry, fortunate, and rich.  
Dioscorides, Cardanus, Med. Florentini.   

27. Blatta Bizantia  
BEing beaten into powder, and snuffed up into the Nose, helps the fits of the Mother, and such as have the Falling sickness; being taken inwardly, it looseneth the Belly.  
Dioscorides, Medici Coloniensis.   

28. Pearls.  
PEarls help trembling in Old men, Convulsions and Frenzies, preserve the body sound, and restore lost health; both amend and increase milk in Nurses, correct the seed and failings in the parts of generation, helps eating Ulcers, Cankers, and the hemorrhoids.  
Dardanus Wicker.   

29. Coral.  
OF Coral there are three sorts, Black, White, Red; the first is most rare, the second most common, the third most excellent.  
Let a Child newly born take ten grains of Red Coral in powder, in a little Breast Milk, before it taste any other food, and it will never have the Falling-sickness.  
Generally it takes away all inward griefs, restores weak and sick bodies, by strengthening the heart, resisteth all Diseases growing in children, by strengthening nature; cureth all Fluxes in Men, Women, and Children; it stops blood flowing from any part, it stops the Terms in Women if they be immoderate, else not; and brings their bodies to good temperature.  
Arnoldus, Mathiolus, Wicker.   

30. Turkey Stone.  
THis Stone being worn in a Ring, as sickness comes, or death draws nigh, so it loseth its lustre; it looks perfectly blue, in sickness pale; a little before death perfect white: and so it looks if brought near to any Poison.  
This Treatise was revised, and for want of time, left to posterity without addition.  
Nich. Culpeper. Sol. 18. Aquar. 1652.    

Doctor Diets DIRECTORY; OR THE Physicians Vade Mecum.  
OR Short, but safe Rules to preserve Health in a Methodical way, passing by the Impertinencies and Niceties of former Physicians, treating only of familiar and the most useful things in Diet, such as chief nourish and continue Life.  
BY Nich. Culpeper, Gent. late Student in Physic and Astrology.  
LONDON, Printed for Nath. Brook, at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhill, 1659.   

Doctor DIETS Directory; OR The Physicians Vade mecum. OR Short, but safe Rules to preserve Health in a Methodical way, passing by the Impertinencies and Niceties of former Physicians; treating only of familiar and the most useful things in Diet, such as chief nourish and continue Life.  
Courteous Reader,  
HAving to my no small grief observed what a stir and a pother most Writers have made about Diet, and there Common-place Practice, I thought fit to reduce their tedious deviations into this Epitome; that the diligent Student having recourse to these three Doctors, Diet, Reason, and Experience, might with the other assistance of the Doctor's Dispensatory, be so clearly informed, as to rest ingeniously satisfied.  
Nicholas. Culpeper.  

Of Diet.  
BY Diet is to be understood the ministering of Meat and Drink, according to the accustomed natural ordering of it for the substance and temperature; an exact order of it in labour, Meat, Drink, Sleep, and Venery.  
There is none, but if they rightly understand themselves, but may in some respects be their own Physicians, if they will but rightly consider of those things that may do them good, and restrain their Appetites from those which are hurtful. For the latter, as touching those things that are to be avoided, I shall amongst others briefly advise them to beware of Care, Grief, Pensiveness, Anger, of Surfeits, and of Venery; to keep good hours, not to break the usual custom of their sleeps in the night; not to perplex themselves with with too much worldly business, which brings on age and death. For refreshments, to wash their hands, and comb often, and every morning to plunge their eyes in cold water; keep the feet dry, and sometimes wash them, that they may not be too hot or cold, but in a good temper; keep the head and the neck in the same indifferent moderation; but more especially to be sure to abstain from too much Venery, which shortens life. Other particular directions for diet follow in their order; I shall only instance some few heads, and refer the diligent Student to the other two Doctors, of Reason and Experience, where this Theme throughout forty three Diseases is briefly, but sufficiently discoursed of.   

Diet for Sanguine Persons.  
SAnguine Persons are hot and moist of complexion, wherefore they must be circumspect in eating of their meat, considering that the purer the complexion is, the sooner it may be corrupted, and the blood may be the sooner infected. Wherefore they must abstain to eat inordinately of Fruits, Herbs, and Roots, as Garlic, Onions, and Leeks; they must refrain from eating of old flesh, of the brains of beasts, the Udders of Kine. They must use moderate sleep and diet, or else they will be too fat and gross. Fish of muddy water are not good for them; and if blood do abound, cleanse it with Stuffs, or by Phlebotomy.   

Diet for Phlegmatic Persons.  
Phlegmatic Persons are cold and moist, therefore they must abstain from Meats which are cold. From eating Viscus Meats, specially from all meats which do engender phlegmatic humours; as fish, fruits, and white meat. Also the eating of crude Herbs, especially to abstain from meat which is hard, and slow of digestion, as it appeareth in the properties of meats above rehearsed. Dwell not near waterish and mourish Grounds; take Onions, Garlic, Pepper, Ginger, and all meats, the which be hot and dry; and sauces, the which are sour. These things following doth purge Phlegm; Polipody. Nettle, Elder, Agarick, Ireos, Maidenhair, and Sticados.   

Diet for Choleric Persons.  
Choler is hot and dry, therefore Choleric Persons must abstain from eating hot Spices, from drinking of Wine, and eating of Choleric meat; howbeit the Choleric Persons may eat grosser meats than any other of the Complexions, except their education hath been otherwise. They should not long fast: these things following purge Choler: Fumitory, Centaury, Wormwood, wild Hops, Violets, Mercury, Manna, Rheubarb, Eupatory, Tamarides, and the Whey of Butter.   

Diet for Melancholy Persons.  
MElancholly is cold and dry, therefore melancholy men must refrain from fried meats, and meats which are over salt, that are sour and hard of digestion, from all meats which are burnt and dry: they must abstain from immoderate thirst, and from drinking of hot Wines, and gross red Wine; and use these things, Cow's Milk, Almond Milk, Yolks of rear Eggs. Boiled meat is better for melancholy men then roasted; all meats, the which will be soon digested, and all meats, the which do engender good blood; and meats, the which are temperately hot, are good for melancholy men, & so are all herbs which be hot and moist. These things following do purge melancholy; Quick-beme, Scene, Sticados, Harts-tongue, Maidenhair, Pulial-mountain, Borage, Organum, Sugar, and white Wine.   

Of Exercise.  
FRom Exercise proceeds two great conveniences, the evacuation of Excrements, and keeping the body in a good habit; Exercise being a vehement motion, hardens the members, augments the heat, causeth digestion, a quick alteration, and better nourishment, opens the Pores of the body, and cleanses them; it is so necessary for health, that where Exercise is wanting, Sickness will ensue. Learned Writers affirm, that nothing more dulls the body, than sluggishness; nothing more strengthens it, than labour: notwithstanding for the management of Exercise, some considerations are to be entertained; the time of Exercise, that it is not when the body is replenished with Diet not sufficiently digested. Galen says, that the best time for Exercise, is when the first and second digestions are completed, as well in the Stomach, as in the Veins, otherwise the body is subject to crude humours, and yellow choler: the knowledge of this time may be perceived by the colour of the Urine; for that Urine which resembles clear water, signifies that the juice which comes from the Stomach is crude in the Veins; that which is well coloured, neither too high nor too low, signifies that the second digestion is perfected; when the colour is very high or red, it betokens that the concoction is more than suffices; wherefore when the Urine appears in a temperate colour, neither red nor pale, but as it were gilded, then should Exercise have its beginning.   

Of Sleep.  
THe commodity of moderate Sleep appears; that the natural heat, which is occupied about the natural heat whereof nourishment proceeds, is comforted in the places of digestion; and so digestion is helped and bettered by Sleep, the mind rendered more quiet and clear, and the humours more temperate: the moderation of Sleep must be measured by health or sickness, by age or time, by emptiness or fullness, or by the natural complexion. Phlegmatic persons are naturally inclined to Sleep, because they engender many humours. Weak stomaches that digest slowly, are disquieted of their rest. Sleep immediately after meat, is not wholesome; immoderate Sleep exposes the body to many diseases, heaviness in the body and eyes; and a savour of the meat before eaten, signifies that the Sleep was not sufficient. It is most wholesome to sleep on the right side, that the meat may approach to the Liver, which is to the Stomach, as fire is to the pot, by it digested; it is good for those that have weak stomaches to sleep on their bellies: Lying on the back is very unwholesome: unquestionably moderate Sleep strengthens all the spirits, comforts the body, quiets the humours and pulses, qualifies the heat of the Liver, is good against melancholy. On the contrary, immoderate Sleep makes the brain giddy, engenders Rheum, Aposthumes, causeth the Palsy, Oblivion, and troubles the spirits. Seven hours sleep is sufficient for Choleric and Sanguine men; nine hours for Phlegmatic and Melancholy: those that sleep longer, deserve to be sick of the Lethargy,: In cases of necessity to procure sleep, take a little Camphire mingled with some woman's Milk, and anoint the Temples. Otherwise, Take an ounce of the Oil of Roses, and three drams of Vinegar, and stir them both together, and use them: Or else take Gallen Medicine, who had got such a habit of watchfulness by his over much study in his youth, that he was forced to eat boiled Lettuce with a little Butter, when he was old, after Supper.   

Of Venery.  
THis kind of Excrement is common to all living Creatures, as well Beasts as Men; for which cause Nature, as a wise Mother, hath provided that every concoction hath its excrement, or superfluity; the Stomach sends out dung; the Liver Urine, the Veins Sweat; so after the third and last concoction, which is done in every part of the body that is nourished, there is left some profitable blood reserved by Nature for Procreation, which blood we call the Generative Seed; the timely evacuation whereof avails much for the body's health: for by it the body is made light and disburdened of Phlegm, and other superfluous humours, which otherwise would wax rank, as may be observed in ancient Maids, and some chaste Scholars; for besides their secret flames, and imbridled affections which dispose their minds to extravigant imaginations, we see them also ill complexioned, by reason of such vaporous fumes which ascend up towards their cloudy brains. To pass over other inconveniences they are subject to, as the Green-sickness, the Nightmare, the Spleen, the palpitation and trembling of the heart, and their polluted dreams; the best advice I can give such persons, is to marry in the fear of God, and chief those are required who are Sanguine or lean; for such persons abound with blood. Physicians hold the Winter to be the best time for Carnal Copulation, and in the Springtime, when Nature is desirous, without the help of Arts and Drugs; and at night when the stomach is full, and the body somewhat warm, that sleep immediately after it may lenify the Lassitude caused through the action thereof. In the Summer, in May and July, when the Spittle thickens on the ground, it cannot be so wholesome, nor in frosty weather. Immoderate Venery weakeneth the strength, hurts the brain, extinguisheth radical moisture, and hasteneth on old age and death; the Sp●rm or Seed of generation being one of the greatest comforters of life, which being wilfully shed or lost, hurteth more than if he should bleed forty times as much. That Bachelors and Maids may drive away their unclean dreams at nights, let them refrain from Wine, and Venereous Imaginations, not use to lie in soft Beds; let them read the Bible, and moral Philosophers, use exercises; let them eat Agnus Castus, in English Park, and they shall find a strange effect to follow.   

Of Bathing.  
BAthing in cold Water, so that the same be clear, clear from Rain, or a silver coloured Brook, in the summer time, before meats, doth wonderfully delight nature, provoke the appetite, and is very good against Rheums, the Dropsy and Gout, and causes digestion; you shall find it wonderful expedient sometimes to bathe the head with hot Lee made of ashes; after which, you must cause one presently to pour three or four quarts of cold water, then let the head be dried with cold Towels; the sudden pouring down of the water stirs up the natural heat of the body, quickeneth the memory, keepeth from baldness. In the summer, washing of the hands often, doth much avail the eyesight. In the Winter time, when the Water is cold and Frozen, this kind of artificial Bath is very expedient and wholesome: take two pounds of Turpentine, four ounces of the Juice of Wormwood and Wild Mallows, one ounce of fresh ●●cor, one dram of Saffron, mingle them and seethe them a pretty while, and being hot, wet four Linen  therein, and therewith bathe yourself; or else make a Bath after this manner: take Fumitory Enula Compana Leaves, Sage, Fetherfue, Rosemary and Wormwood, of each a handful or two; seethe them in a sufficient quantity of water till they be soft, and put as much as a Walnut of Allom, and a little Brimstone powder, and therewith bathe the affected places of the body: he that uses these baths in convenient time may live healthfully, for by them superfluous excrements are extracted in sweat. But with this caution I commend Baths, that no person that is distempered through Venery, Gluttony, Fasting, Watching or violent Exercise, do enter into them.   

Diet for a Fever and Ague.  
I Do advertise every one that hath a Fever or an Ague, to eat no meat six hours before his fit doth take him; and in no wise as long as the Ague doth endure to put off his shirt or doublet, nor to rise out of the bed but when need shall require, and in any wise not to go nor take the open Air; for such provision may be had, that at the uttermost at the third fit, he may be delivered of the Fever. Let the Patient beware of casting his hands and arms at any time, or to spraul with his Legs out of the bed; it is good for the space of three fits to wear continually Gloves, and not to wash the hands. He is to eat little, and those temperate meats; to refrain from Wine, Beer and Cider, and all other things whatsoever that are not of a very light digestion.   

Diet for the Colic and the Stone.  
THe Iliack and Colic are engendered of ventosity, the which is intrused or enclosed in two Guts, the one is called Ilia, and the other is called Colon; for these two infirmities, one must beware of cold: and it is not good to be long fasting, and necessary to be laxative, but in no wise to be constupate. These things following are not good for those which have these aforesaid infirmities; new bread, stolen bread, new ale; they must abstain also from drinking of Beer, of Cider, of Red Wine, and Cinnamon: also refrain from all meats that Honey is in, from eating of cold Herbs, Beans, Pease Pottage; beware of fruits, and of all things the which do engender wind. For the Stone, abstain from eating of Red herring, Martilmas-beef, and Bacon, salt fish, salt meats. Beware of going cold about the middle, especially about the Reins of the back, and make no restriction of wine and water, nor siege, that water would expel.   

Diet for several kinds of the Gout.  
They which are troubled with the Gout, or any kind of it, I do advertise them not to sit too long, forgetting to exonerate the bladder and the belly, when need shall require; and also to beware the Legs hang not without some stay; nor that the Boots or Shoes be not over straight: Whosoever hath the Gout must refrain from drinking of new Ale, of Beer, and Red Wine: Also he must not eat new Bread, Eggs, fresh Salmon, Eels, Fresh Herring, Pilchards, Oysters, all shell fish; he must avoid the eating of fresh Beef, of Goose, of Duck, and of Pigeons: he must beware of taking of cold in his Legs, or riding or going wetshod. Beware of Venerous acts after refection, or after, or upon a full stomach, from all things that engender evil humours and are inflative.   

Diet for the Lepers.  
HE that is infected with any of the four kinds of Leprosy, must refrain from all manner of Wines, and from new drinks, and strong Ale; let him beware of riot and surfeiting; let him abstain from eating of Spices, Dates, from Tripes, Puddings, and all inwards of Beasts; Fish, Eggs, and Milk is not good for him: he must abstain from eating of fresh Beef, and from eating of Goose, Duck, water Fowl, and Pigeons; and in no wise to eat Venison, not Hare-flesh and such like.   

Diet for those that are troubled with the Falling-sickness.  
WHosoever hath any of the kinds of Falling-sickness, he must abstain from eating of white meats, especially of milk; he must refrain from drinking of Wine, new Ale, and strong Ale; to eat the fatness of fish, nor the heads of fish, the which engenders Rheum; shell fish, Eels, Salmon, Herring, and Viscus fishes are not good for Epilentick persons: also such must refrain from eating of Garlic, Onions, Leeks, Chibols, and all Vaporous meats, the which do hurt the head: Venison, Hare-flesh, Beef, Beans, and Pease are not good; and if they know that they are infected with this great sickness, they should not resort where there is great store of company; as in the Church, Sessions, or Market places; if they do, the sickness will infect them more there, then in any other place, or at any other time; they must beware they do not sit too nigh the fire, for the fire will overcome them and will induce the disease: they must beware of lying too hot in bed, or to labour extremely; for such things cause the grief to come the ofter.   

Diet for the Head Ache,  
MAny sicknesses, or infirmities, and impediments may be in a man's head; wherefore whosoever hath any distemper in the head, must not keep the head too hot nor too cold, but in an equal temper; to beware of engendering of Rheum, which is the cause of many infirmities: there is nothing that doth engender Rheum so much, as doth the fatness of fish, and the heads of fish, and surfeits, and taking cold in the feet, and taking cold in the nape of the neck or head; also they which have an infirmity in the head, must refrain from immoderate sleep, specially after meat; also they must abstain from drinking of wine, and use not to drink Ale and Beer, the which is over strong; vociferation, hallowing, crying, and high singing, is not good for the head: all things the which are vaporours', or do fume, are not good for the head; all things the which are of evil savour, as carrion, sinks, wide draughts, piss-bowls, snuff of candles, dunghills, stinking channels, and stinking standing waters, and stinking marshes, with such contagious Airs, doth hurt the head, the brain, and memory; all odoriferous savours are good for the head, the brain, and the memory.   

Diet in a Consumption.  
HE that is in a consumption must abstain from all sour and tart things; as Vinegar and Alegar, and such like: and also he must abstain from eating of gross meats; the which are hard and slow of digestion, and use cordials and restoratives and nutrative meats: all meats and drinks the which are sweet, and that sugar is in, are nutrative: wherefore sweet wines are good for them, the which are in consumptions moderately taken: and sour Wine, sour Ale, and sour Beer are naught, for they fret away nature; and let them beware that be in a Consumption of fried and burnt meat which is over roasted: and in any wise let them shun anger and pensiveness. These things following are good for a Consumption; a Pig or a Cock stewed, and made in a Jelly, Cockerels stewed, Goat's Milk and Sugar, Almond Milk, in the which Rice is sodden, and Rabbits stewed, etc.   

Diet for those that are short wound.  
SHortness of wind cometh divers times of Impediments in the Lungs, and straightness in the Breast, opilated through viscus Phlegm, when the head is stuffed with Rheum, called the Pus, stoppeth the breath of his natural course; wherefore he that hath shortness of breach, must abstain from eating of Nuts, especially if they be old; Cheese and Milk is not good for such, no more is Fish, and Fruit raw, nor crude Herbs. Also all manner of meat which is hard of digestion: they must refrain from eating of Fish, especially from eating Fish which will cleave to the fingers, and is viscus and Phlegmy, and in any wise to beware of the skins of Fish, and of all manner of meat, the which doth engender Phlegm. Also they must beware of cold, and when any house is a sweeping, to go out of the house for a space into a clean air. The dust also that riseth in the Streets through the vehemence of the wind, or otherwise, is bad for them; smoke is evil for them, and so is all things that are stopping. Wherefore it is expedient for them to be kept laxative.   

Diet for the Palsy.  
THey which have the Palsy, universal, or particular, must beware of anger, testiness, and of too much passion, whether of fear, or otherwise; for through anger or fear, divers times the Palsy doth come: also they must beware of Drunkenness, and eating of Nuts, coldness, contagious, and stinking, and filthy airs; of lying upon the ground; the savour of Castory, and the savour of a Fox is good against the Palsy.   

Diet for Mad Folks.  
THere is none which hath any of the kinds of Madness, but they ought to be kept up for divers inconveniences that may otherwise happen; to be confined in some close house or chamber where there is no light, and that he have a Keeper, the which the mad man doth fear. See that he hath no knife, nor shears, nor other edge-tool, nor that he have no girdle, except it be a weak list of cloth, for hurting himself. Also the chamber or house that the mad man is in, let there be no painted clothes, nor painted walls, nor pictures of man or woman, or fowl, or beast; for such things maketh them full of fantasies: let the mad persons head be shaved once a month; let them drink no Wine, nor strong Ale, nor strong Beer, but moderate drink: and let them have three times in a day warm Broth, and a little warm Meat: use few words to them, except it be for reprehension, or gentle reformation, if they have any wit, or perceiverance to understand, otherwise they must be kept under with sharper correction.   

Diet for the Dropsy.  
THe learned agree, that the more one drinks that hath the Dropsy, the more he is a thirst; for although the sickness doth come by superabundance of water, yet the Liver is dry, whether it be Alchites, Iposarca, Lencofflegmancia, or the Timpany. They that have any of these four kinds of Dropsies must refrain from all things which be constupate and costive, and use all things which are laxative. Nuts, and dry Almonds, and hard Cheese are poison to them.   

Of ordering of Surfeits.  
GAlen declaring on Ipocrates Aphorism, of eating too much meat, saith, More meat than agrees with nature, is called Repletion, or a Surfeit. A Surfeit is taken as well by gurgitations, too much drinking, as by epulation, of eating of crude meat, or of more meat than suffices, or can be truly digested. Or else Repletion, or a Surfeit is, when the stomach is forced, or stuffed, or repleated with too much drink and meat, that the Liver, which is the fire under the pot, is suppressed, that he cannot naturally nor truly decoct, or digest the superabundance of meat and drink, the which is in the pot or stomach: wherefore divers times these Impediments do follow.  
The tongue is deprived of his office to speak, the wits or senses be dull, and obnubulated from reason, sloth and sluggishness consequently followeth. The appetite is withdrawn, the head is light, and aches, full of fantasies, and divers times some be so sopited, that the Malt-worm playeth the devil so fast in the head, that all the world runneth round about on wheels; then doth the principal members, and the official members fail of their strength, yet the pulses be full of agility. Such Repletions, especially such Gurgitations do engender divers infirmities, through which, brevity and shortness of life follows. For the wise man saith, That Surfeits do kill many men, and Temperance doth prolong the life. And also it is written, Ecclus. 37. That there doth die many more by Surfeit, than there doth by the Sword. For as surfeiting engendereth many Infirmities, as the Dropsies, the Gouts, Phlegm, Pimples in the face, vehement Impressions, undigest Humours, Oppilations, Fevers, Putrefaction. It perturbates the head, the eyes, the tongue, and the stomach, with many other infirmities. Galen saith, overmuch repletion, or surfeiting, causeth strangulation and sudden death; for as I said, the stomach is so enforced, and the Liver is so sore oppressed, that natural heat, and the powers are extinct; wherefore abstinence, for this matter, is the best and the perfectest Medicine; the Patient being in no wise to eat meat until the stomach be evacuated of all evil humours by vomit, or other convenient ways; for else crude and raw undigested humours will increase in the body. Two Meals a day is sufficient for a resident person. A labourer may eat three times a day. I advertise that the first refection, or meal, be digested, ere he do eat the second; for there is nothing more hurtful for man's body, then to lay meat upon meat undigested; for the last refection or meal, will hinder the digestion of the first refection or meal. Also sundry meats, of divers operations, eaten at one refection, or meal, is unwholesome; nor is it good to sit long at dinner and supper: An hour is sufficient to sit at dinner, not so long at supper. We English have an evil use in sitting long at dinner and at supper; at the beginning of dinner and supper we feed on gross meats, and the best which are wholesome, nutritive, and light of digestion, are kept for servants; for when the good meat comes to the table, through feeding upon gross meat, the appetite is extinct. I am unwilling to be too large on this Subject, and therefore I shall refer thee, Courteous Reader, to the other two Doctors, of Reason and Experience.   

Of several sorts of Drinks.  
WAter is one of the four Elements, of the which, divers Liquors or Drinks for man's sustenance, are made, taking their original and substance of it; as Ale, Beer, Mead, and Methegline. Water is unwholesome alone by itself for an English man, considering the contrary usage, which is not concurrant with nature: Water is cold, slow, and slack of digestion. The best Water is Rain Water, if so be that it is clean, and purely taken: Next to it is running water, the which doth swiftly run from the East into the West upon stones or pebbles: the third Water to be praised, is River or Brook Water, which is clear running on pebbles and gravel.  
Standing Waters, which are refreshed with a fresh Spring, are good; but standing Waters, and Well Waters, on which the sun hath no reflection, although they be lighter than other running Waters are, yet they are not commendable. And let every one beware of all Waters which are standing, and putrefied with froth, docknet, and mud; for if they bake, or brew, or dress meat with it, it will engender many infirmities. The Water which every man ought to dress his meat withal, or shall use baking or brewing, let it be running, and put it in vessels, that it may stand there two or three hours, strain the upper part through a thick linen cloth, and cast the inferial part away. If any do use to drink water with wine, let it be purely strained, and then seethe it, and after it is cold put it into his wine; but it is better to drink with wine stilled waters, especially the water of Strawberries, of Bugloss, of Borage, of Endive, of Succory, or the water of Sow-thistle, and Dandelion; and if any one is troubled with the Stone, or doth burn in the pudibunde places, let him use to drink with white Wine, the water of Haws, and the water of Milk.   

Of Wine.  
Wine's are of Grapes, except Respis, which is made of a berry. Choose your Wine after this sort, it must be fine, fair, and clear to the eye, fragrant and redolent, having a good odor and flavour in the nose; it must sparkle in the glass when it is drawn, or put out of the pot into the glass; it should be cold and pleasant in the mouth, strong and subtle of substance: moderately drunk, it doth accuate and quicken the wits, comfort the heart, scour the Liver, especially if it be white Wine, it doth rejoice all the powers, and nourish them; it engenders good blood, it doth comfort and cherish the brain, and it dissolveth Phleghm; it engendereth heat, is good against heaviness and penvesiness, and is full of agility; it is medicinable, especially white Wine; for it doth mundify and cleanse wounds and sores. The better the Wine is, the better humours it doth engender. Wine ought not to be too new nor to old; high Wines, as Malmsey may be kept long, because Wine is full of fumosity, it is good sometimes to allay it with water.  
French Wines, and specially Rhenish Wine, that is fined, is good at meat, especially Claret Wine It is not good to drink Wine nor Beer before one doth eat, though there be old-fantastical say to the contrary. Also these hot Wines, as Malmsey, Corpse Greek Romanisk, Romney, Sack, Alygant, Bastard, Tyre, Osay, Muscadel, Caprick, Tent, Roberdavy, with other hot Wines, are not good to drink with meat, but after meat with Oysters, with Salads, with Fruit, a draught or two may be allowed; Old men may drink high Wines at their pleasure: all sweet and gross Wines cause fatness.   

Of Ale.  
ALe is made of Malt and Water, and they which do put any other thing into Ale, except Yeast or Barm, do sophistick their Ale. Ale for an English man is a natural drink. Ale must have these properties, it must be fresh and clear, not ropy; it must have no Weft nor Tail. Ale should not be drunk under five days old; new Ale is unwholesome, sour Ale, and dead, and Ale which do stand a-tilt is most unwholesome. Barley Malt maketh better Ale then Oaten Malt, or any other corn; it engenders gross humours, but it causeth strength.   

Of Beer.  
BEer is made of Malt, of Hops, and Water; It is a natural drink for a Dutchman, and of late it is much used in England to the detriment of many English men; especially it killeth them which are troubled with the Colic, and the Stone, and the Strangullion; for the drink is a cold drink, and doth inflate the Belly, as it doth appear by the Dutchman's Faces and Bellies; if the Beer be well served, and be fined, and not new; it doth qualify the heat of the Liver.   

Of Cider.  
CIder is made of the Juice of Pears, or the Juice of Apples, sometimes of both; but the Best Cider is made of clean Pears which are Dulcet: it is not praised in Physic, for Cider is cold of operation, and full of ventosity; it engenders evil humours, and doth assuage too much the natural heat, hinders digestion, and hurts the Stomach, except it be to those which are constantly used to it; it is most in request in Harvest time.   

Of Mead.  
MEad is made of Honey and Water boiled together, if it be fined and pure, it preserveth health; but it is not good for them which have the Colic.   

Of Metheglin.  
MEtheglin is made of Honey, Water, and Herbs boiled and sod together; if it be fined and stolen, it is better than Mead.   

Of Whey.  
WHey if it be well ordered, especially that Whey the which doth come of Butter, is a temperate drink, and moist; and it doth nourish and cleanse the breast; purgeth red colour of the face: clarified as it ought to be, it purges moderately and cannot be sufficiently commended.   

Posset Ale.  
POsset Ale is made with hot Milk and cold Ale, it is a temperate drink, and is good for a hot Liver, and for hot Fevers, especially if cold Herbs are sod in it,   

Of Coit.  
COit is a drink made of water, in the which is laid a sour and a salt Leaven three or four hours, than it is fit to drink; it is usually drunk in Picardy, in Flanders in Holland, and in Brabant.   

Of Honey.  
HOney, as well in meat as in drink, is of admirable efficacy; for it not only cleanseth and nourisheth, but it also for a long time preserveth that incorrupted which is put into it; this excellent matter is most wonderfully wrought and gathered by the little Bee. Mead which is made on part of Honey, and four times so much of pure water boiled till no skin doth remain, Galen highly commends as an excellent drink to preserve health. There are many rare qualities in Honey which I intent hereafter particularly to write of.   

Of Bread.  
A Vicen saith, that bread made of Wheat causeth fat, especially when the bread is of new Wheat. Bread made of fine flour without Leaven, is slow of digestion, but it doth nourish, if it be truly ordered and well baked: when it is Leavened it is soon digested, as some old Authors affirm. But bread having too much brand in it is not laudable. In Rome and other high countries, their Loaves of bread are little bigger than a Walnut, and many little Loaves joined together, which do serve for great men, and are saffroned; I praise it not. I do love Manchet bread, and great Loaves which are well moulded and thorough baked, the brand abstracted.   

Bread made of Mestling, or of Rye.  
MEstling-bread is made half of Wheat and half of Rye; and there is also Mestling made half of Rye and half of Barley. Some strange people will put Wheat and Barley together. Bread made of these aforesaid grain or corns, thus potched together may satisfy the belly, but will never do good to man no more than horsebread, or bread made of Beans and Pease. Howsoever this matter doth go much by the education or the bringing up of the people which have been used to such bread. Barley doth engender cold humours; Pease and Beans, and the substance coming from them are windy 〈◊〉 but if one have an appetite to eat and drink of 〈◊〉 grain besides Malt or Barley, let him drink of what may be made of Oats, for Haver-cakes in Scotland are many a good Lierd and Lierds' Dish; and if it will make good Haver-cakes, consequently it will make good drink. Good bread doth comfort, confirm, and establish a man's heart. Hot Bread is unwholesome for any one, fo● it doth lie in the stomach like a sponge, exhausting undecocted humours; yet the smell of new Bread is comfortable to the Head, and to the Heart.  
Simnels, and Cracknels, and Bread baked on a stone, or on iron, and Bread that Saffron is in, is not so wholesome.  
 Bread, hard Crusts, and pasty Crusts do engender Choler adust, and Melancholy humours. Wherefore chip the upper Crusts of your Bread, and whoso doth use to eat the second Crust after meat, it maketh him lean; and so doth Wheaten Bread, the which is full of Bran.  
Bread which is nutritive, and praised in Physic, should have these properties. First, it must not be new, but a day and a night old; it is not good when it is past four or five days old, except the Loaves be great; it must not be mouldy nor musty, well moulded, it must be thorough baked; it must not be heavy, temperately salted. Old Bread or stolen, doth dry up the blood, or natural moisture of man, and it doth engender evil humours, and hinders digestion: wherefore there is no Surfeit worse, than the eating of bad bread occasions.   

Of Broths in general.  
ALl manner of liquid things, as Pottage, and other Broths, do  one that eats them with ventosity. Pottage is not so much used in all Christendom, as in England. Pottage is made of the liquor in the which flesh is sod, with putting to chopped Herbs, and Oatmeal, and Salt. The Herbs, with the which Pottage is made withal, if they be pure, good, and clean, not wormeaten, nor infected with the corrupt air descending on them, they comfort notwithstanding their ventosity. But for as much as divers times many parts of England are infected with the Pestilence through the corruption of the air, which doth infect the Herbs; in such times it is not good to make Pottage, nor to eat them.   

Of Furmity.  
FUrmity is made of Wheat, and Milk; for it is hard of digestion. But when it is digested, it doth nourish and strengthen.   

Of Pease Pottage and Bean Pottage.  
PEase Pottage, and Bear Pottage doth  with ventosity. Pease Pottage is better than Bean Pottage, for it is sooner digested, less windy; they are both abs●●●ine, and do cleanse the body. Bean Pottage increase gross humours.   

Of Almond Milk, and Rice Pottage  
ALmond Milk, and Rice Pottage. Almonds are hot and moist, it doth comfort the Breast, and it doth mollify the Belly, and provokes Urine. Rice Pottage made with Almond Milk, doth restore and comfort Nature.   

Alebrues, Caudles, and Culliss.  
ALebrues, Caudles, and Culliss, are for weak men, which cannot eat solid meat. Caudles made with Hempseed, and Culliss made of Shrimps, do warm the blood and comfort Nature.   

Honey Sops, and other Broths.  
HOney Sops, and other Broths, of what kind or substance soever they are made of, do engender ventosity. Wherefore they are not wholesome for the Colic, nor other inflative impediments, or sicknesses, especially if Honey be in them.   

Of Eggs.  
IN England Hen Eggs are most eaten. I will first write of them; the Yolks of them are Cordials, for they are temperately hot. The White of an Egg is viscus and cold, and slow of digestion, and doth not engender good blood: wherefore whosoever will eat an Hen Egg, let the Egg be new, and roast it rear, and eat it, or else poach it; poached Eggs are best at night, and new rear roasted Eggs in the morning, if they are a little salted, they are nutritive. In Turkey, and other places, they use to seethe two or three bushels of Eggs together hard, and pull off the shells, souse them, and keep them to eat at all times. Hard Eggs are slow of digestion, roasted Eggs are better than sodden, fried are naught. Duck Eggs, and Geese Eggs I do not praise.  
But Pheasant Eggs, and Patridges Eggs are excellent.   

Of Butter.  
BUtter is made of Cream, and is of a moist operation, good to eat in the morning before other meats. French men will eat it after meat; but eaten with other meats, it doth not only nourish, but it is good for the Breast and Lungs, also it doth relax and mollify the Belly. Dutchmen do eat it all times in the day, the which I do not approve, considering that Butter is uncrious, and every thing that is uncrious, is noisome to the stomach, forasmuch as it maketh lubrifaction: every thing that is uncrious, that is, Butter, Oil, Grease, or Fat, do swim above in the brinks of the stomach, as the fat doth swim above in a boiling pot; the excess of such nautation or superflice, will ascend to the orifice of the stomach, and cause eructuations. Wherefore the eating of much Butter at one refection, is not commendable; it is not good for them which are in an Ague or Fever, for the unctuosity of it doth augment the heat of the Liver. A little portion is good in the morning, if it be new made.   

Of Cheese.  
CHeese made of Milk there are four sorts; green, soft, hard, or spermices. Green Cheese is not called green, by the reason of the colour, but for the newness of it, for the Whey is not half pressed out of it, and in operation it is cold and moist. Soft Cheese, not too new nor too old, is best; for in operation it is hot and moist. Hard Cheese is hot and dry, and ill to digest. Spermices is a Cheese, the which is made with Curds, and with the juice of Herbs; to tell the nature of it is doubtful, considering that every Milk-wife may put many juices of Herbs of sundry operation and virtue, one not agreeing with another. Besides these four natures of Cheese, there is a Cheese called a Irweve Cheese, the which if it be well ordered, is the wholesomest of them all.  
But take the best Cheese of all these rehearsed, if a little do good and pleasure, the least excess doth engender gross humours, for it is hard of digestion; it maketh one costive, and is not good for the Stone. Cheese that is good ought not to be too hard, nor too soft, but betwixt both; it should not be tough nor brittle, sweet nor sour, nor tart, too salt, nor too fresh; it must be of good savour and tallage, not not full of eyes, mites, or maggots. Yet in high Almain, the Cheese which is full of Maggots, is called there the best Cheese; and they will eat the great Maggots as fast as we do eat Comfits.   

Of Milk.  
MIlk of a Woman and of a Goat are restorative.  
These Milks are good for them that are in a Consumption.  
Cows and Ewes Milk, if the Beasts be young, and do go in good Pasture, their Milk is nutritive, and doth humect and moisten the members, mundify and cleanse the entrails, alleviate and mitigate the the pain of the Lungs, and the Breast; it is not good for them which have gurgulations in the Belly, nor for sanguine persons; but it is very good for the melancholy, for old men and children, especially if it be sod with a little Sugar for those that are sick. There are few diseases, in which Milk is not offensive, if taken inwardly, except it be in some Consumptions of the flesh, or other Consumption of the Lungs, or breathing parts.   

Of Asses Milk.  
THe Consumption of the Lungs and breathing parts, called Phthisis, wherein the flesh accidentally decayeth through the exulceration of the Lungs, and of the breathing parts, is especially to be cured by Ass' Milk, Camel's Milk, though in other Consumptions excellent, is not so good in this cure, because it is too thin, and moist as the Woman's Milk; also because it wholly nourisheth, and doth not cleanse, whereas the Ass' Milk is both meat and medicine, cleansing and nourishing alike.   

Of Cream.  
CReam, the which doth not stand long on the Milk, sod with a little Sugar is nourishing. Clouted Cream, and raw Cream put together, are eaten more for the sensual appetite, then for any good nourishment. Raw Cream undecocted, eaten with Strawberries or Hurtless in a rural Banquet; I have known such Banquets endanger men's lives.   

Of Almond Butter.  
ALmond Butter is made with fine Sugar and Rose-water, eaten with the flowers of Violets, it is a commendable Dish, most in season in Lent, when the Violets are fragrant; it rejoiceth the heart, comforts the brain, and qualifies the heat of the liver.   

Of Bean Butter.  
BEan Butter in other countries' is most in Lent; it engenders gross humours, and is windy.   

Of Fish.  
OF all Nations and Countries, England is best stored with Fish, not only with all manner of Sea, but also of fresh water Fish, and with all sorts of salt fishes.   

Of Sea fish in General.  
FIsh of the Sea, the which have scales or sins, are more wholesomer than the fresh water fish, the which are in standing waters; the younger the fish is, the better it is to digest; but this is to be understood, that if the fish be never so solidate, it must have some age, but not overgrown, except it be a young Porposs, which fish is neither praised in the Old Testament, nor commended in Physic.   

Of fresh water fish in General.  
FIsh which are in Rivers and Brooks, are more wholesome than those which are in Pools, Ponds, or Moats, or any other standing waters, for they do labour and do scour themselves. Fish which feed on the mud or else do feed in the fen or moorish ground, do savour of the mud, which is not so good as the fish that feed and scour themselves on the stones, gravel, or sand.   

Of salt fish in general.  
Salted fishes the which are powdered and salted with salt, are not so wholesome, especially if one do make a meal of them; the quality doth not hurt, but the quantity; especially such salt fish as cleaves to the fingers when one doth eat it: the skins of fishes are utterly to be abhorred, for they do engender viscus Phlegm and Choler adust. All manner of fish are cold of nature, and do engender Phlegm, and nourishes very little; it is not wholesome to eat fish and flesh at one meal.   

Of fish more particularly.  

First of Anchovies.  
ANchoves are the Sea Minoes of Province and Sardinia, which powdered with salt, wine Vinegar, and Origanum, and so put into little barrels, are transported and highly esteemed of; they are fittest for a stomach that is oppressed with Phlegm, for they cut, ripen, and digest it, warming the appetite; they afford but little nourishment.   

Of Codfish.  
Codfish is a great Sea Whiteing, but not so dry and firm as the whiting is; more pleasant in the eating then of a good nourishment.   

Of Cockles.  
COckles are of themselves so hot of nature, that they leap and fly in the summer nights above the water to be cooled by the Air; the Celsey Cockles are esteemed the best; they are most in season in May, they increase the flesh and provoke lust.   

Of Conger.  
COnger is no other than the Sea Eel, of a sweet and fat flesh; they feed as Eels do, it is good nourishment in the Summer for hot stomaches.   

Of Crabs.  
SEa Crabs, some are smooth, some rough tasted; the great ones are called Paguci, some of them weigh ten pounds, they nourish very much, and are highly commended for the Consumption of the Lungs, especially if Ass' Milk be drunk with them.   

Of Herrings.  
HErrings the eating of them fresh, have occasioned many to fall into Fevers; neither the Red, Bloat, nor Pickled have any nourishment with them; the same may be said of them broiled.   

Of Lobsters.  
LObsters, they have a strong and hard flesh, and are hard of digestion; they come in season with the Buck, and go out of season when the do comes in; they are best towards the full, little worth in the Wane of the Moon; when their Spawn lies greatest in their head, they are in their prime: they are hot, windy, and venerous.   

Of Mackarels.  
MAckarels are of a thick, clammy, and suffocating substance, pleasant to the taste, but offensive to the brain, head and breast; they cause Apoplexies, Palsies, Lethargies and drowsiness in the best stomaches; they are a dangerrous meat for Phlegmatic persons.   

Of Maids.  
Maid's are little and tender Skates; they and Thorn backs bring forth their young ones without Eggs, after the propagation of beasts: they are nourishing fit for weak stomaches, for such whose lasciviousness hath borrowed too much from nature.   

Of Mussels.  
MUssels the fish of the poorer sort of people; sharp filthy and cruel diseases follow the eating of them.   

Of Oysters.  
OYsters are wholesome, the best are thick, little round shelled, of a short, firm, and thick flesh rising up round like a woman's breast, being in a manner, all belly having in their taste salt, short fins of a green colour listed about with purple hair, fair eye-lidded Oysters; such are our Wall fleet and Colchester: they are esteemed best eaten raw, they settle the appetite, and confirm a weak stomach and nourish; they are most dangerous when they are full of Milk, which is betwixt May and August.   

Of Plaise.  
PLaise are of a good, wholesome, and fine nourishment; the best Plaise have blackish spots, as the best Flounder are reddish; add to these Soles, they are all three wholesome diet.   

Of Shads.  
Shades have a tender and pleasant flesh, they are enforcers to sleep; in May, June, and July they are best; for than they are freest from bones, and fullest of flesh.   

Of Shrimps.  
SHrimps are of two sorts, the one crooked, the other streight-backt, they have the best Juice of any fish, most nimble and skipping; they are excellent good to recover sick and consumed persons; they are a principal dish in Venus her feast, they are high commended of Physicians to be as restoratius as the best Crabs or Crefish.   

Of Skate.  
SKate so resembles the Thornback, that they often couple and engender together; they are more tender, and of a pleasanter taste, and more stirring to Venery.   

Of Soles.  
SOles are counted the most delicatest dish of the Sea, they have a pleasant taste being neither of too hard nor too soft a flesh; they engender good blood, and are easy of Concoction.   

Of Sturgeon.  
YOung Sturgeon is highly preferred, Galen affirms it to be of a sweet and good nourishment; other writers compare it with Veal; the Male is better than the Female: the great and grown Sturgeons is better than the lesser: we have the best from Danzick and Hamborough: Physicians forbidden Agueish persons to eat of this fish.   

Of Thornback.  
THornback is of a pleasant taste, but of a stronger smell then Skate; very moist for to nourish much, yet a favourer of Lust.   

Of Turbut.  
TUrbut, some writers call this fish the Sea-pheasant; the truth is whilst they are young their flesh is moist and pleasant, they are not of an easy digestion.   

Of Whiting.  
THe best whiting are taken at Tweed called Merlings; they are light, wholesome, and good meat.   

Of Barbels.  
BArbles are esteemed for bearded Mullets, it is a gelied, cold, and moist fish, hurting the sinews, abating lust, troublesome both to the head and belly if much eaten of; eaten fasting they are dangerous for bloody Fluxes.   

Of Carp.  
Carp are of a sweet taste, good nourishment, provoking to Venus; if they stink of mud, or fenny filth, they are not wholesome.   

Of Eels.  
EEls and Lampreys have such sweet flesh that they highly praise gluttons, but in respect of their muddy residences, Hyprocrates will not allow them to be wholesome; for though they give much nourishment, it is very corrupt; they loosen the belly, but bring Fluxes; open the Winpdipes, but stop the Liver; they infect the Lungs, though they breed much, it is but bad seed, and cause sundry other diseases: they are worst in Summer, but never wholesome.   

Of Flounder.  
Flounder if they be thick and well grown are a most wholesome and light meat.   

Of Gudgeons.  
GUdgeons are exceeding wholesome, their flesh is short and pleasant in taste, they are soon concocted, nourish much, and increase good blood.   

Of Lampreys and Lamprons.  
LAmpreys and Lamprons differ in bigness and goodness, they are both sweet and nourishing meats, much increasing lust; they are dangerous for Surfeits; they are best if ever good, in March and April, they being then so fat, that they have scarce any back-bones at all.   

Of Mullets.  
MUllets of the River are of like goodness with the Sea Mullets, though not fully of so fair and pure a substance; except it be large and fat, it may make a show on the table, but it affords but little nourishment.   

Of the Perch.  
THe Perch is a most wholesome Fish, firm, tender, white; they are ever in season save in March and April; eaten with wine vinegar they cool a distempered feverish stomach, and nourish the weak body.   

Of Pikes.  
PIkes in respect of their muddy employments feeding on Frogs and filth, cannot be so wholesome, in my judgement, as some Writers would have them to be. The best Pike is taken in the clear River, but I never saw any of those fat, and therefore I suspect their goodness: certain it is, old Pikes are hard and tough to digest, young ones, called Jacks, are too waterish and moist; one of the middle growth is the most likely to nourish.   

Of Roaches.  
ROches, according to the old Proverb, a sound as a Roach, are accounted incapable of any disease; hence we account them wholesome, they are full of bones, which make them the less regarded.   

Of Salmon.  
SAlmon is a fat, tender, short, and sweet flesh it soon glutteth, and fills the stomach, they are most commended which go furthest up i● fresh Rivers, those worst which are taken nearest the Sea: salt Salmon loseth a double goodness, one of a good taste, the other of a good nourishment.   

Of Smelts.  
SMelts so called, because they smell so sweet; their flesh is of the finest, lightest, softest, and best juice of any fish; their excellency is in the Winter, when they are full of spawns. The Western are most esteemed.   

Of Trout.  
Trout in Northumberland are very large, others smaller they are very pleasant, and good meat for sound persons.    

Of wild, tame Fowl, and small Birds.  
That a Partridge of all Fowls is soon digested, it is a restorative meat, comforts the brain and the stomach, augments carnal lust. The woodcock is a meat of good temperature; quails, Plovers, and Lapwings nourish but little, for they engender melancholy humours: young turtle Doves and Pheasants engender good blood. A Crane is hard of digestion, and doth engender evil blood. A young Hernsew is lighter of digestion than a Crane. A Buzzard well killed, and ordered, is very nutritive. The Bittour is not so hard of digestion as is the Hernsew. A Shoveler is lighter of digestion than a Bittour. All these are noisome, except they be well ordered and dressed. A Pheasant-hen, a Moor-cock, and a Moorhen, except they do sit, are very nutritive. All manner of wild Fowl which live by the water, are hard of digestion.  

Of tame domestical Fowl.  
OF all tame Fowl, a Capon is best, is most nourishing, and is soon digested. A Hen in Winter is good and nutritive, and so are Chickens in Summer, especially Cockerels and Pullet's, the which are untrod; the flesh of a Cock is hard of digestion, the broth or jelly of 〈◊〉 Cock is restorative. Pigeons are good for choleric and melanchollick persons. Geese and Ducks, except the green Geese, are not of easy digestion. Young Pea-chickens half a year old, breed good nourishment.   

Of small Birds.  
All manner of small Birds are good and light of digestion, except Sparrows. Titmice, Colmice, and Wrens, the which eat Spiders and Poison, are not commendable. Of all small Birds the Lark is best, the Blackbird, the Thrush. Rasis and Isaac praise young Stairs, but I do conclude, because they are bitter in eating, that they engender Choler.    


Of Beef.  
BEef is an excellent meat, if the Beast be young, and is not Cow-flesh; for old Beef, and Cow-flesh do engender melancholy and gross humours. If it be moderately powdered, that the gross blood by salt is exhausted, it doth make an English man strong. Martinmas-beef, which is called hanged Beef in the smoke, is not wholesome; it may fill the belly, and cause one to drink, but it is naught for the Stone, and ev●● of digestion, and makes no good juice.   

Of Mutton and Lamb.  
MUtton with Rasis and Averroyes is good meat, but Galen doth not commend it▪ and surely they hint at some reason, considering that this Beast is so soon infected; nor dot● there happen so great a Murrain and Sickness to any fourfooted Beast, as doth to the Sheep. Notwithstanding, if the Sheep be fed in a good Pasture, and fat, and do not flavour of the Wool, it is good for sick persons, for it doth engender excellent blood. Lamb is moist and phlegmatic, it is not good for old persons, except of a melancholy complexion; nor for phlegmatic men to feed, except very moderately.   

Of Veal.  
VEal is a nourishing meat, for it is soon digested. Whereupon many Authors hold the opinion, that it is the best flesh, and the most nutritive meat that can be for man's sustenance.   

Of Pork and Bacon.  
WHereas Galen with other ancient and approved Doctors praise Pork, in holy Scripture it is not allowed; for a Swine is an unclean Beast, and doth lie upon stinking and filthy soils, and with stercorous matter.  
Pork, if it be of an old Hog not clean kept, it engenders gross blood, humects too much the stomach; if the Pork be young, it is nutritive. Bacon is good for Carters and Ploughmen which labour; but if they have the Stone, and use to eat it, they will endure great misery.   

Of Brawn.  
BRawn is an usual meat in Winter amongst Englishmen, it is hard of digestion. The Brawn of a wild Boar is much better than the Brawn of a tame one.   

Of Pigs.  
Pig's, especially Sow-pigs, are nutritive, and made in a jelly, is a restorative; if the Pig be flayed, the skin taken off, and then stewed with restoratives, as a Cock is stewed to make a jelly. A young fat Pig is wholesome, if it be well ordered in the roasting, the skin not eaten.   

Of Kid.  
YOung Kids flesh is praised above all other flesh, as Avicen, Rasis, and Averroys affirm, it is temperate and nutritive, although it be somewhat dry   

Of wild Beasts.  
THe opinion of all ancient Physicians was, and is, that Venison is not good to eat, principally for two causes. The first is, that this Beast doth live in fear, and his timerosity causes melancholy humours.  
The second cause is, as it doth engender choleric humours, it is a Lords dish, good for an Englishman; for it doth animate him to be as he is, which is strong and hardy.   

Of the Hare.  
A Hare maketh a Gentleman good pastime, and better for the Hounds or Dogs to eat the Hare after they have killed it, than man, for it is not praised. The Scripture saith, The Hare is an unclean Beast. In Physic, Hare's flesh is dry, and doth engender melancholy humours.   

Of Rabbits.  
COneys flesh is good, but Rabbits flesh is best of all wild Beasts, for it is temperate, and doth nourish, and singularly praised in Physic: for all things the which doth suck, is nutritive.   

Of the Head, Brains, Fat, Skins, Fins, Marrow, Blood, Tongues, Stones, and Inwards of Flesh or Fish.  
THe Heads of Fish, and the Fat, especially of Salmon and Conger, is not good for them which are disposed to Rheum; the heads of Lampreys and Lamprons, and the string which is within them, is not good to eat; refrain from eating of the skins of flesh and fish, and burned and brown meat, it engenders viscus humours, and Choler, and Melancholy, and makes oppilations. The Brains of any beast are not wholesome, except the brains of a Kid, for they are evil of digestion, and hurt the appetite and stomach; they are cold, moist, and viscus. A hot stomach may eat them, but they engender gross humours. The brains of a Woodcock, and of a Snipe, and such like, are commestible; the forepart of all manner of beasts and fowls, are more hotter and lighter of digestion, than the hinder parts are. The marrow of all beasts are hot and moist, are nutritive, if well digested; they mollify the stomach, and take away the appetite: wherefore one should eat Pepper with it. The blood of all beasts and fowls are not wholesome, but hard of digestion. All the inwards of beasts, and of fowls, as the heart, the liver, the lungs, tripes, trilibubs, with all the entrails, is hard of digestion, and doth increase gross humours. The fat of flesh is not so much nutritive, as the lean; it is best when lean and fat is mixed one with another. The tongues of beasts are hard of digestion, and of little nourishment. The stones of a Cockrel, and stones of other beasts are very nourishing.   

Of roasted, boiled, baked, fried meats.  
BEyond Sea at the Universities, boiled meat is used at dinner, and roast to supper, as boiled meat is lighter of digestion.  
Broiled meats are hard of digestion, and naught for the Stone: fried meat is harder of digestion then broiled, it engenders Choler and Melancholy: Baked meat buried in paste, is not praised in Physic. All manner of flesh which is inclined to humidity, should be roasted; and all flesh which is dry, should be boiled. Fish may be sod, roasted, broiled, and baken, every one after their kind and use, and fashion of the Country, as the Cook and the Physician may agree and devise: For a good Cook is half a Physician.    


Of the Roots of Borage and Bugloss.  
THe Roots of Borage and Bugloss sod tender, and made in a succade, do engender good blood, and a wholesome temperance.   

Of Elisaunder, and Elina Campane.  
THe Root of Alisaunder sod tender, and made in a succade, is good for to destroy the Stone in the Reins of the Back and Bladder. the Roots of Elina Campane sod tender in a succade, is good for the breast, for the lungs, and for all the interial members of man.   

Of Parsley and Fennel.  
THe Roots of Parsley sod tender, and made in succade, are good for the Stone, and to make a man piss. Fennel sod, is good for the lungs, and the sight.   

Of Turnips and Parsnips.  
TUrnips boiled, and eaten with flesh, augments the seed; if they be eaten raw, and moderately, they provoke a good appetite. Parsnips sod, doth increase nature, and are nutritive, and expels urine.   

Of Radish and Carrots.  
Radish roots doth break wind and do provoke urine; but they be not good for those which have the Gout. Carrots sod, augment and increase nature, and cause urine   

Of the Roots of Rapes.  
RApe roots, if they be well boiled, nourish, if they be moderately eaten; immoderately, they engender ventosity, and offend the stomach.   

Of Onions.  
ONions provoke to Venery and Sleep; and if a man drink sundry drinks, they rectify and reform the variety of the operation of them, they cause a good appetite.   

Of Leeks.  
LEeks open the breast, and provoke urine, cause and increase bad blood.   

Of Garlic.  
Garlic of all roots is much used in France, and some other countries'; it opens the breast, and it doth kill worms in the belly, which the Lumbrici, Ascarides, and Cutuibicini, which are small little long worms that tickle in the fundament; it also heats the body, and desolves gross winds.   

Of Cabbage.  
CAto in his book De re rustica, writes too highly in praise of Cabbages, as he judges them to be a sufficient medicine against all diseases; some are of opinion if they are eat raw before meat with Vinegar that they preserve the stomach from Surfeits, and the brain from drunkenness: this I am certain of, that if they are constantly eat, they injure the sight, except the eyes are very moist, they cause and break wind; the opinion of most writers is, that they are not so wholesome as Lettuce, being hot in the first, and dry in the second degree.   

Of Asparagrass.  
NO kind of Herbs nourish more being freed from their bitterness and eaten hot; they are temperately moist, and exceed not in heat the first degree; they increase Venery, strengthen the Liver, and help conception.   

Of Musk Melons.  
MUsk Melons are not so moist or cold as the ordinary sort of Melons are; they engender better blood, and descend more speedily into the belly; fruits of this kind are dangerous, not to be eaten presently out of the ground, but rather let them lie a week, though that they are ripe, that there waterish moisture may be abated. Garden Pompions and Melons, may lie in a warm Kitchen till Christmas.   

Of Potata Roots.  
POtata roots nourish mightily, either Sod, Baked, or roasted; the newest and heaviest are the best, they engender much flesh, blood, and seed,   

Of Radishes.  
Radishes cause rank belchings, are hardly digested, they burn the blood, engender Lice, cause Leanness, spoil the eyesight, and corrupt the whole mass of nourishment.   

Of Skirret Roots.  
SKirret Roots have a long string within them, which taken away before they are sod makes them eat exceeding sweet, they are of a mild and temperate nature agreeing with complexions; did we know all the virtues of them, they would be more nourished than they are in our Gardens.   

Of Borage and Bugloss.  
BOrage doth comfort the heart, engender good blood, and causeth mirth; so doth Bugloss, which is taken of more vigour, strength, and efficacy.   

Of Artechokes and Rokat.  
THere is nothing usually to be eaten of Artechokes but the heads of them, when they are almost ripe, sodden tender in the broth of Beef, or with Beef; eat them at dinner, they increase nature, and provoke Venery. Rokat doth increase the seed, stumulate the flesh, and doth help digestion.   

Of Succory and Endive.  
SUccory doth help the Stomach, and keep the head in temper, and qualify Choler. Endive is good for them which have hot and dry hot Stomaches.   

Of white Beets and Purslane.  
WHite Beets are good for the Liver and for the Spleen, are abstercine. Purslane doth abate the ardour of lasciviousness, and mitigates heat in the inward parts of the head and eyes: if preserved in brine, it heats and purges the stomach; it is cold in the third degree, and moist in the second.   

Of Time and Parsley  
TIme breaketh the Stone, desolves wind, and causeth Urine; Parsley breaks the Stone, causeth Urine, is good for the Stomach, and causeth a sweet breath,   

Of Lettuce and Sorrel.  
LEttice extincts' Venery, causeth milk in women's Breasts; it is good for a hot Stomach, provokes sleep, increases blood, temperates it. Sorrel is good for a hot Liver, and also for the Stomach; being sod, it looseth the belly: in the time of the Plague, taken fasting, sucking, or chewing some of the Leaves, it preserves against infection; the seeds thereof brewed and drunk with Wine and water are good against the Colic, and the stopping of Fluxes, excellent against overcharged Stomaches: Sorrel possets are sovereign in sundry distempers. This Herb is cold in the third, and dry in the second degree.    


Of Marigolds.  
MArigolds, the Herb and Flowers are of great use with us amongst other Potherbs, the flowers either green or dried are often used in Possets, Broths, and Drinks, as a comforter for the Spirits, and to expel any malignant or pestilential quality gathered near thereunto; the Syrup and Conserve made of the fresh flowers are used for some purposes to the same effect.   

Of Pennyroyal and Hyssop.  
PEnnyroyal purges melancholy, and comforts the Stomach and Spirits. Hyssop cleanseth viscus Phlegm, is good for the Breast and Lungs.   

Of Rosemary and Roses.  
ROsemary is good for Palsies, for the Falling-sickness, and for a Cough, good against cold. Roses are a Cordial, they comfort the heart and brain.   

Of Fennel and Annis.  
THese Herbs are seldom used, but their seeds; Fennelseed is used to break Urine, good against Poison; Annis-seed cleanses the Bladder and the Reins of the back, provokes Urine, and causeth a sweet Breath.   

Of Sage.  
SAge is good to help a woman to conceive, it provokes Urine and sleep; it is good in an Ague or Fever: and against the Falling-sickness, this Herb is of excellent Virtue.   

Of Violets.  
VIolets comforts the brain, preserve against drunkenness; the syrup of them cools the Reins, and is very good against the Falling-sickness.   

Of Watercresses.  
WAtercresses are very wholesome in the Springtime, they comfort the Sinews, and are hot and dry.   

Of tansy.  
tansy purges the Ague, dries the Sinews, and is good against the Worms.   

Of Rue.  
THere are two kinds of Rue, the one of the Garden, another of the Field; it is good against Infection, abates Lust, is excellent for the Sight: that of the Field is hot and dry in the fourth degree; that of the Garden is hot and dry in the second degree.   

Of Wormwood.  
THere are several sorts of Wormwood's; those of the Sea are not of that goodness in quality, as the common and aromatical bitter sorts are: nevertheless because they are not so bitter as the common sorts, which renders them more acceptable to many persons that desire to please their palates, rather than to be cured of their diseases by bitter medicines; our Physicians and Apothecaries feeding their humour for their own profit, and to please their Patients. There are many other Herbs used in Pottage, Broths, Possets, Salads, Sauces, Tansies, etc. from most of which small nourishment is received. Of the virtues of those which are of the highest concernment, having already discoursed of in the first part of this Volume, I shall here omit them.    


Of Figs.  
A Vicen writes, that Figs nourish more than any other fruit, when they are eaten with blanched Almonds: they are good roasted and stewed, they cleanse the Breast, and the Lungs, open the oppilations of the Liver and the Spleen; they provoke to Venereous acts, as they augment and increase the seed of generation; they cause sweeting, wherefore they engender Lice.   

Of great Raisins.  
GReat Raisins are nutritive, especially if the stones are out; they make the stomach firm, and cause a good appetite, if a few of them be eaten before meat.   

Of small Raisins of Curr●●●.  
SMall Raisins of Currans are good for the Reins of the back, they do provoke urine; howbeit they are not good for the Spleen, they cause oppilation.   

Of Grapes.  
Grape's sweet and new are nutritive, and stumulate the flesh, they comfort the Stomach and the Liver, avoid oppilations; but they do  the stomach with wind.   

Of Peaches, of Meddlers, and Cervices.  
PEaches mollify the belly, and are cold. Meddlers taken superfluously engender melancholy. Cervices are of the same operation.   

Of Strawberries and Cherries.  
STrawberries are praised above all Berries, they qualify the heat of the Liver, engender good blood eaten with Sugar. Cherries mollify the belly, and are cold.   

Of Nuts great and small.  
THe Walnut and Banock are of one operation, they are slow of digestion; yet they comfort the brain, if the pith or skin be pulled off, they are nutritive. Filberts are better than Hazzle-nuts, if they are new taken from the ●ree, and the skin or the pith pulled off, they are nutritive, and increase fatness; if they are old, they should be eaten with great Raisins. New Nuts are better than old, for old Nuts are choleric, and naught for the head, and evil for old persons, as they engender the Palsy in the Tongue: immoderately taken or eaten, engender corruptions; as biles, blains, and such putrefaction.   

Of Pease and Beans.  
PEase which are young, are nutritive. Beans are not so good as Pease, they are more windy, although the skins or husks be ablated; yet they are a strong meat, and doth provoke Venery.   

Of Pears and Apples.  
PEars which are mellow and not stony, doth increase fat, and engender waterish blood, they are full of ventosity. Wardons roasted, stewed, or baked, are nutritive, comfort the stomach, especially if they are eaten with Comfits. Apples are good after a frost hath taken them, ●or when they are old, especially red Apples, and those of good odour and mellow: they should ●e eaten with Sugar or Comfits, or with Fennelseed, or Aniseed, because of their ventosity; they comfort the stomach, and cause good digestion, especially if they are roasted and baked.   

Of Pomegranates and Quinces.  
POmegranates are nutritive, and good for the stomach. Quinces baked, the coat pulled out, mollify the belly, help digestion, and preserve a man from drunkenness.   

Of Dates and Milons.  
DAtes moderately eaten are nutritive, but they cause oppilations of the Liver, and of the Spleen. Milons' engender bad humours.   

Of Gourds, of Cucumbers, and Pepones.  
GOurds are of bad nourishment; Cucumbers restrain Venery, as they are cold and moist, corrupt the stomach, and if they are not well ordered, and moderately eaten, engender thick and gross humours, and are within few degrees of poison to persons of a weak digestion.   

Of Apricocks.  
APricocks quickly corrupt, and ingender● choleric and whayish excrements, cause pestilent Agues, stop the Liver and Spleen, and breed ill juice.   

Of Barberries.  
BArberries preserved, refresh hot stomaches; kept in pickle they serve for Salads, and the garnishing of Meat.   

Of Citrons and Lemons.  
CItrons, the juice of them are good against poison, and qualify humour's putrefied in the body, cause a sweet breath, and cure burning Agues. Lemons approach their nature, is cold and dry in the third degree, their seed temperate, the juice eat alone causes gripe of the guts; but the peel with the pulp, as nature hath united them together, the heat of the one corrects the rawness of the other, and both of them comfort the heart,   

Of Mulberries.  
MUlberries are hot in the first degree, cold in the second, best before meat, they please the stomach cause a looseness of the body, and provoke urine.   

Of Raspis.  
RAspis are like the Black-berry, or Dew-berry, but not so astringent; cold stomaches cannot convert them into good juice.   

Of Goose-berries.  
GOose-berries ripe are as nourishing as they are sweet, they should be eaten first, not last, because they are so light a fruit. The red Goose-berries are more cold, dry, and astringent by one degree, because those in our country are not sweet.   

Of Prunes and Damsins.  
PRunes are used in medicine, for they are cold and moist. Damsins are of the same nature. Six or seven Damsins eaten before dinner, are good to provoke the appetite, they mollify the belly, and are abstersive, the skin and stones ablated.   

Of Olives and Capers.  
OLives eaten at the beginning of a refection, coroborate the stomach, and provoke the appetite. Capers do purge Phlegm, and cause an appetite.    


Of Spices. Ginger.  
GInger heats the Stomach and helps digestion. Green Ginger eaten in the morning fasting, doth acuate and quicken the memory.   

Of Pepper.  
THere are three sundry kinds of Pepper, white, black, and long Pepper. All kinds of them heat the body, dissolves Phlegm and Wind, helps digestion, and causeth to make water.   

Of Cloves and Mace.  
CLoves comforts the sinews, dissolve and consume superfluous humours, restore nature. Mace is a Cordial, helps the Colic, and is good against the bloody Flux.   

Of Saffron.  
SAffron comforts the heart and stomach, but is too hot for the Liver.   

Of Nutmegs and Cinnamon.  
NUtmegs are good for them which have cold in their head, and comfort the sight, and the brain, and the mouth of the stomach, and is good for the Spleen. Cinnamon is a Cordial, wherefore some Writers admire why one dies that may eat Cinnamon; yet it doth stop, and is good to restrain Fluxes, and the looseness of the body.   

Of Liquorice.  
LIquorice is good to cleanse and open the Lungs and the Breast, and to lose Phlegm; in cakes with Honey it purges moderately.   

Of Salt.  
Salted moderately used is very wholesome, taken excessive, it engenders Choler, dries up the natural moisture, and inflames the blood, stops the Veins, hardens the Stone, and gathers together viscus humours, causing sharpness of Urine, consuming the flesh and fat of the body; they which are cold, watery, and Phlegmatic, may feed more plentifully of Salt and of Salt meats, but Choleric and Melancholic persons must eat it moderately; and Sanguine persons must take no more of it, then lightly to relish their meat. By the general consent of Writers, it is not nourishing; I must in particular dissent from them, and affirm that it doth not only accidentally, but essentially nourish; accidentally, in making the meat more gracious to the stomach, hindering putrefaction, and drying up superfluous humours: essentially in itself, as it takes its just and due proportion, for our body hath, and should have humours of all tastes, the finest humour of the body being nothing but salt itself, so termed by the best, but newest Philosophers; which if so, will hardly be preserved without eating of salt.   

Of Sugar.  
SUgar is temperate and nourishing, good against the Choler of the Stomach, admirably useful in preserves, conserveses, sauces, etc. The ancients term it the Indian salt, the kinds hereof are made of the tears of Sugarcanes so replenished with Juice, as that they crack again; there are other ways of making of Sugar, to no purpose; to particularise, the best sugar is solid, hard, light, exceeding white, sweet, glistering like snow, melting as salt doth speedily in any liquor; the Refiners, if I am not mistaken in my art, feel an unspeakable sweetness in theirs; it is their mystery, I am unwilling to call it cozenage. Sugar is not so hurtful as Honey to Choleric complexions. Galen writes, that it may be given in Agues; it delighteth the Stomach, pleaseth the Blood and Liver cleanseth the Breast, and restores the Lungs, and i● good for children against the Worms.     

Doctor REASON And Doctor EXPERIENCE Consulted with.  
OR The Mystery of the Skill of PHYSIC made easy.  
Short, clear, and certain Rules how to discern, judge, and determine what any usual Disease is, from the parts of the Body affected; the Causes, Signs, or Symptoms, collected and observed from the most approved Authors, and constantly practised  
BY Nich. Culpeper, Gent. late Student in Physic and Astrology.  
LONDON, Printed for Nath. Brook, at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhill, 1659.   

Doctor Reason, and Doctor Experience consulted with, etc.  

Of the Apoplexy.  
IT is a disease that deprives of sense and motion in the whole body, as also of the principal animal functions; this disease doth amaze both body and mind, and is so dangerous, that few recover of it, the Brain which is the rock of the Sinews is affected. In a weak Apoplexy, there is a sudden fall on the earth with outcries, with such a difficulty of breathing that one cannot discern any life in the Patient. An Apoplexy is often caused by slimy, gross, and cold Phlegm, as also by crudities and drunkenness; so that such as are much addicted to surfeitings, especially old men, are subject to any Apoplexy. This disease, if it be great, is hard to be cured; if the Patient do escape death, he either falls into a Palsy of some part, or of the whole body. The Air the sick person lives in must be somewhat hot, his Diet must be temperate; instead of Exercise, strong Fractions and Ligatures of the extreme parts may be used; Cupping-glasses must be fastened to the shoulders: he should be carried up and down in a hanging bed, and after two or three weeks it will be good to bathe.   

Of the Mother.  
THe stopping and choking of the Womb or Mother, is a running back of the Womb, or of malign vapours bred in the Womb, unto the higher parts, whereby the bowels, midriff, and stomach are sometimes crushed, that they cannot be widened by breathing, the Womb in this disease being lifted so high, that it drives the other members above it to the higher parts. This disease hath some affinity with the Falling-sickness, Swooning, and Apoplexy. The Womb is chief affected through menstruous blood, or some other humour, for the most part queaziness of stomach, and loathng of meat, and thick breathing follow this disease. This disease is sometimes caused from an Impostume in the Womb, or by some seed sent into the Womb, and therein detained and corrupted. The danger of this disease is not so great, if the Spirits are not hurt. The Air the Patiented lives in should be temperate; such meats are to be abstained from, as increase blood and seed: the diet must be sparing, wine is not to be drunk, except allayed with water, except in case of swooning; their Exerc says are to be moderate, their sleeps short, and to shun Melancholy.   

Of Melancholy.  
THat which is Hypocondraical is windy, ofttimes caused by the over-boiling of dreggish blood settled near to the stomach, or gristles of the short ribs, by a distemper of the liver, stomach, or miseraical veins: the part affected is the brain, the signs of this disease are the excessive heat of humours, the parts about the heart being inflamed. This distemper is caused by the default of the spleen, when it doth not draw away the Melancholic blood made by the distemper of the Liver. At the first, this disease is easily cured, but if it grows old, it is hardly to be remedied. The Patient's diet must be moist, little broth will suffice, because of fluctuations in the stomach: he may drink cream of hulled barley, with a little cinnamon and seed of Annis, white wine mixed with water; music is good in this disease, and such means must be used as may cause sleep.   

Of Melancholy of black Choler.  
THis disease is a kind of doting, without a fever arising from such malign and melancholic humours which distrub the seat of the Mind. The signs of melancholy are fear and sadness, evil thoughts without any cause, proceeding from such vapours of black Choler, as darken the mind, and over-cloud the brain. Melancholy which seizes on the essence of the brain, and continues there long, is altogether incurable. The Air where the Patient resides must be of a wholesome smell, moist, and temperate; his diet moist, but of good juice, easy of digestion. Let him drink white wine, and exercise himself moderately; his sleep should be somewhat longer than ordinary: he is to be cherished with mirth and good hopes, perturbations of mind being wholly avoided.   

Of the overflowing of the monthly Terms.  
THe superfluous flux of months, is when it doth tend to be the hurt rather than the good of the woman, by reason that they are purged more than they should; but in such women as are of a moist constitution, that have good diet, and much ease, the months may be suffered to flow more then ordinarily they use. The womb is the part chief affected, sometimes the whole body sympathizeth: this affection is an accident which appertains to the immoderate excretion; it is not altogether against nature, as it is in the bleeding of the nose, and other bleedings; for here only too great a quantity of the monthly flux is unnatural. This distemper takes away the appetite, hinders digestion, breeds crudities, weakens the whole body; the colour of the face is changed, feverish heats arise in the body; sometimes the feet are swelled, and a dropsy follows: one cause is by reason of the heat, thinness, or abundance of blood more than is requisite; or else because of the continual motion, for when these concur, Nature is defeated. Immoderate fluxes caused by the birth of a large Infant, are less dangerous, because they will stay of themselves. This disease is to be feared if the body be weakened, or the colour of the face changed, the woman being reduced to such coldness, faintness of heart, swoundings, and sometimes death. The Air that this Patiented lives in should be temperate, the meat binding and thickening; exercise is forbidden, her rest and sleep must be moderate, her mind pleased.   

Of the suppression of the Months.  
AS the overflowing is dangerous, so the retention on the contrary is as dangerous and unnatural, if they be of age, unless they have conceived: the womb is chief affected in regard of the fatness thereof, whereby the veins are crushed together, and so the flux is hindered. In this disease the forepart of the head is pained, spreads itself to the neck, shoulders, and loins: her appetite is taken away, her mind unquiet, her stomach queasy, she loathes meat, her face discoloured, she is troubled with phlegm, and taken with a trembling; her urine is thick, red, and muddy, sometimes blackish, with a red watery substance in the bottom: the chief cause is gross and phlegmy matter mixed with blood, which stops the veins leading to the womb, whereby the straitness of the veins doth happen, or else from the inflammation of the womb: if the Terms are stopped, other diseases must of necessity follow. The Air she is to breathe must incline to heat; her meat must be heating, she must not sleep too long, her mind must not be disquieted.   

Of the Obstruction of the Liver.  
THe Obstruction of the Liver is a binding or straightening of the Veins, or Liver passages. The Liver is the Storehouse of blood, from which all parts of the body draw nourishment; and together with purer blood, gross and slimy humours are generated in the Liver, seeing that the branches of the hollow Veins are knit unto the Vena Porta in such sort, that the knitting and combination doth not come within the compass of our sight, as also that all the nutriments of the body must be conveyed through the port Veins, and the hollow Veins ends, which are very small, where they end in the Liver substance: so that it is no wonder, that by reason of the passages and straitness, Obstructions are oftener caused in the Liver, then in any other Bowel. This Disease doth breed in the extreme parts of the vessels of the hollow part and Veins, and they are terminated in the Livers substance, with thin ends knit one into another with little bones, the universal nourishment of the whole body being to be made through these. This Disease is to be discerned by a heaviness and stretching pain in the right side; than most to be perceived, when the Patient is exercised presently after meat. The narrowness of the Liver, and Veins passages, is the cause of this Disease. The air for the Patient must be hot and clear; his diet such as may heat, not stopping; he must shun bathing and exercise after meat, his diet moderate; he may sleep in the day time, but not too long at night, not at the most above seven hours; his belly must be kept lose, and his mind delighted.   

The Hicket.  
THe Hicket called Singultus, is a violent or vehement motion of the Stomach, whereby it doth endeavour to expel such things as rest in the Tunicles, and in the Body, and also such as do stick fast thereto. The Hicket, though it much resemble vomiting, yet this Disease is rather stirred up, than vomit, when the humours are strongest: the part affected is the mouth of the Stomach, sometimes the inflammation of the Liver. This Disease comes often for the most part by fits, as the Cough doth with a swooning; the cause of the swooning in this disease, is the straitness of the passage of the air, which is contained in the stomach, it being often caused by fullness and superfluous moisture, by which the Patient is either loaded ●or in a manner shrunk together. If this disease be caused by fullness, if a sneezing come, the Patient will soon be rid of it; if it be accompanied with wring in the guts, commonly called Illiaca passia, it is a bad Omen; but if it follow doting, swooning, or convulsion, it is mortal. A temperate air is best for the Patient; his meat must be such as doth heat and dry; a small quantity of Wine may be permitted.   

Of the Stone.  
THe Stone of the Kidneys is a hard substance bred like a Sand-stone in the Reins, from whence by the force of the Urine, it is often conveyed through the strait pipes into the Bladder, if it be not too great, which doth so stretch the passages of the Urine, that great pain doth follow: the settled pain is in the Veins, and sometimes the right side, or the left, is affected, or both at one time, even as the right or left Kidney is affected; for the gravel is bred in the mouth of the Kidney, or substance of them. This Disease is accompanied with a loathing of meat, frequent belchings, and extreme pains in the Reins. The cause of this Stone is a gravelly and sandy constitution, and immoderate heat of the Kidneys, for the most part of a gross and slimy humour. Those that are troubled with this Disease, are lose bodied, and do often vomit; this Disease in old men is hardly cured. The air where the Patiented lives, must be clear and bright, his diet moderate; he may drink small Wine, he must avoid exercise; his belly must be kept lose, he may sleep more than ordinary, his mind being free from perturbations.   

Of thickness of Hearing.  
SUch men as cannot understand a loud voice, such men we say are deaf; sometimes the cause of this effect is in itself, sometimes by accident, when as the Brain, or Nerve, through which this faculty is conveyed, is hurt. This Disease is known by the Patient's complaints and answers; this Disease is sometimes caused by the distemper of the Brain, by gross or cold humours thrust into the ears, and there fastened: this Disease, if it slowly increase, in process of time brings with it an incurable deafness. The air for the Patient to live in, must be hot and dry; he is to abstain as much as may be from meat, especially from those that breed gross vapours; his drink must be small Wine, his exercise moderate, his belly kept lose by art or nature.   

Of Madness.  
MAdness or Fury is an inflammation of melancholy to the great fierceness and alienation of the mind: Such as have this Disease, rage like beasts. Madness differs from a Frenzy, as a Fever is the companion of a Frenzy, from which madness is free; the part affected is the Brain, which doth appear by the hurt of the principal functions of the mind: The signs of this disease are various, sometimes laughing, singing, then sad, fearful, rash, doting, crying out, threatening, skipping, leaping, then serious, etc. This Disease doth chief arise from the distemper of the Brain, from hot or melancholy humours, so much sometimes dried up, as to turn to black Choler; sometimes by yellow Choler over-burnt, or the boiling of the blood. Young persons are most subject to it; it is an ill sign if the Patient have no stomach; a good, if Ulcers arise in the face. The air the person lives in must be temperate, his diet liquid broths and moistners of the body, his drink Barleywater, by no means Wine, except his disease came by fear, moderate exercise, more than usual sleep, strangers must not see him.   

Of Shortness of Breathing  
CAlled the Asthma, it is a thick and a fast breathing without a Fever, such as is usual to them which run: this disease often pestreth the Patient, so that he cannot breathe except he hold his neck straight up; and if he lies down it almost chokes him: in this distemper the Wind-pipes branches scattered into the Lungs distance are affected. The Patient in this distemper, finds a heaviness at his breast, and feels a straitness and shrink, coughs often, and voids nothing; in old men this disease is never cured, hardly in young men. The air the Patiented breaths must be hot and dry, he must forbear such meat as breed gross and slimy matter; his exercises must be little, his sleeps in the day time, those in the night very moderate, his mind not perturbed.   

Of the Worms.  
THis disease is for the most part caused by the stopping of the passages of the vessels through which the Gall is conveyed from the Liver and Spleen into the Bowels, by reason of gross humours which do heat the Liver and generate plenty of Gall therein: these Worms which do breed in the Bowels, are called Lumbrici, or Belly Worms; there are others which are called Ascarides like to Mites, which breed in rotten Cheese. It is evident that Worms are of several kinds, as they breed in many parts of the body, in rotten Ulcers, in Teeth, in Ears and Kidneys; but the Guts are for the most affected. Those that are troubled with the Ascarides have an extreme itch in their fundament and narrow Guts, have a desire to go often to the stool, after they have voided somewhat, they are not so much troubled. The cause of worms commonly is rottenness, or gross, Phlegmy, and slimy matter, apt to corrupt, with a putrefying heat, which accompanies all these which doth prepare this matter, and then it is wrought by the perfusion of natural heat which gives life to the Worms; many persons of age and stature have slighted the Worms, till their Guts have been fretted and brought into danger of death. For the remedy, the air must be temperate, the meat such as breed good Juice: Let the Patient eat largely, or else the Worms will gnaw their Guts for wants of sustenance, the excrements of the Belly must be kept lose.   

Of the Plague.  
THe Plague is caused by unusual and pernicious putrefaction; sometimes the constitution of the body is so different from the natural temperature, that it is altogether changed into a pernicious and poisonous quality. This disease is sometimes caused by corrupt and poisonous exhalations, by Carrion, by the evil influence of the Stars, which is then the immediate hand of God, and properly called the pestilence; when it proceeds from outward causes 'tis called a pestilent Fever or the Plague: the air infected first gets into the heart; the air being subtle, thin, and apt to get into the pores; it first infects the Genital Spirits, than the Radical Moisture, at last the whole substance of the body. This disease first gins to discover itself by the Patient's unquietness, loss of his appetite, the members dull and heavy, the head aching, the stomach pained, the spirits decayed, strength failing, especially the Vital, with many other Symptoms, except the disease be supernatural, and then the signs are so gentle that they can scarcely be perceived; the infected air which is a great cause, doth not only weaken the humours and spirits of the body, but also the solid substance of the heart. The Plague of all other diseases is most dangerous, for although the signs are good, yet suddenly the Patient dies, the danger is the greater if no Pushes or Carbuncles break forth; it is also as dangerous if they break and run in again: this disease is consummated and brought to its full ripeness in four and twenty hours; if a cold sweat arise on the body, the face and eyes look black, the spirits are cast down extraordinarily, and the Patient's excrements that are voided, diversely coloured, it is a sign of death. The air must be rectified by sweet perfumes, every day they must not be spared. At the beginning of the disease, the diet must be cooling, the sleep short; for by long sleeping the corrupt matter turns again to the heart: Venery must be eschewed, the belly kept lose, and the mind freed from all careful perturbations.   

Catarracta, or Suffusion  
IS when the sight is by little and little dulled by a slimy humour frozen from Ice, and drooping over the eyes of the Patient; sometimes it sticks so fast over the ball of the eye, or betwixt the Crystal Humours and the Tunickle Rhagois, so as to tender the sight: in the beginning of this disease certain fumes and Spirits do present themselves to the sight; this disease is caused from cold and moist humours that fall on the Optic Nerve. If this disease be of long continuance it cannot be cured, but if that which is congealed, by rubbing, be rend asunder, and doth not remain so long, but grows together again, and is of a sad white colour, there is still left some hopes of the cure.   

Of the French-Pox.  
THe French-Pox it is a fowl and contagious disease, which often proceeds from the immoderate use of Venery; the beginnings of this disease are small, but in time it vitiates the humours, spirits, membranes, tendons, flesh, and bones, and perverts the temperature and substance of the whole body; the Liver is chief affected, as appears from the bad Concoction of the Stomach, the not propension to Venery, laziness, falling off of the hair: it gins in the groins and privy members with little bushes in the Urine, which in time do send forth clammy and corrupt blood, heat of Urine, effusion of seed, several coloured spots appearing in the upper part of the body, a pain in the sinews, heaviness in the head, hard swell appear in the forehead and other parts, which at last become great Ulcers, so as to corrupt the bones. The cause of this disease is a filthy quality communicated by touching, but for the most part by the act of Venery, as the privy members have a thin and rare substance: taken in time this disease admits of cure, but otherwise is incurable. For the cure of this disease, the air must be moderately hot, for cold hinders the operation of the medicines; the Patient's diet must be sparing, his bread twice baked, he must feed on the best fowl; when he purges, sod meats are best for him, such as are windy breed gross humours; those which inflame the blood are bad for him; he must exercise himself till he sweats; to expel the moist matter, he must purge twice a week, his sleep moderate, he must abstain from Venery, and shun all perturbations of mind.   

Of the weakness of the Stomach.  
THe weakness of the Stomach, in Latin called Debilitas Ventriculi, is a disposition of the alterative faculty wherein either the nourishment is not altered, or not well concocted; the faculty of the Stomach failing, the crudity of the Stomach doth follow by some external cause. The sign of a difficult concoction is when the Stomach doth not boil after the accustomed manner, or is surcharged with fumes and vapours; sometimes weakness after a disease is the cause. The indigestion of the Stomach thus weakened, raw humours must needs be gathered together, either hot or cold, disturbing the Stomach by some outward quality, which is followed with a loathing of meat, and a loading of the Stomach, belchings, vomitings caused by Phlegmy and putrified humours; the relish then communicated to the palate being sweet and waterish, and much spittle voided without coughing or heming; that crudity is worst which is caused by ill nourishment, and very bad in those which do abound with Choler. The air the Patiented breaths should incline to heat, as he ought to be kept warm, his diet must be easy of digestion and moderate, neither must he receive any other meat, till the former be digested; he may drink good Wine, his head laid high, and his sleep not to be disturbed, he ought to be moderately merry, and to avoid all perturbations of mind.   

Of the Squinancy.  
THis Disease is an inflammation of the Throat, or of the highest part of the Gullet, hindering the breath and swallowing; when the fault is neither in the breathing nor swallowing. This Disease by reason the upper part of the Gullet is choked up, doth threaten present danger by strangling. If the inner parts of the Throat are affected, than the Patient is in great danger: this pain is sharp, and the Patiented breaths with difficulty; he swallows with difficulty, and that which he drinks doth often run out at his Nose. This Disease is caused by blood which is carried thither by the Ingular Veins; for in these Veins there is plenty of blood. If the inflammation be in the inward Muscles, that Squinancy is very dangerous, within three or four days it is very likely to kill the party; and although that the Patient may think himself well, yet he is taken away with a sudden suffocation. The air where the Patient resides must be temperate, free from wind, his diet liquid and soft; he must shun those things that may heat his blood; he must abstain from Wine and Exercise, speak little, his sleep shorter than ordinary it used to be; if it be too long, those that watch with him must awake him out of it; his belly must be loosened, and his mind kept merry.   

Of involuntary Pissing.  
INvoluntary pissing called Diarberes, is a default of the Kidneys, a swift passage, the drink being nothing altered, through the body, an inmeasurable thirst following. In this Disease the Kidneys are affected; it is known by the heat felt in the Reins, and the insatiable thirst. If the Patient strives to hold his urine, his Stones, Hips, and Loins swell, such heat felt in those inward parts, as if the Bowels were burnt. This distemper is sometimes caused by sharp humours in the Kidneys, by brinish Phlegm, or a pernicious quality fixed to the blood, or humours fastened to the Reins. This distemper causeth a great dryness, and consumption of the body. If the person have a burning Fever, he cannot be cured, because his radical moisture is wasted. The air in which this Patiented lives, must incline to cold and moist; his diet such as will breed good but thick juice; such as will qualify the sharpness of the humours; salt and sharp meats, as also such as provoke urine, are not good: the belly must be kept lose by art or nature. Rest is best for this Patient, because it stays the motion of the humours.   

Of the Inflammation of the Eyes.  
THe Inflammation of the Eyes, called Opthalmia, is an inflammation of the Tunicle or Membrane growing close to the eye, spread over all the Membrane from the corners of the eyes. This evil takes its beginning from the Pericranium, from whence Veins are conveyed to the eyes through the forehead and temples. The part affected is chief the eye, where redness appears, and it is oftentimes swelled, so that the Tunicles and parts near adjoining are sore stretched; this is either caused by the fullness of blood, by which the Membrane growing next to the eye is filled, or stretched; or else by phlegmatic blood, and then it is not so stretched; or else by thin sharp Choler, running from the temple and corner veins secretly into the eye-veins, than such tears gush out of the eyes, that the next parts seem burnt, the Pupilla is in danger of being exulcerated, if the tears that flow from the eyes are salt and hot. The Patient's air must be dry, cold, and obscure, his meat somewhat cooling, and little nourishing; he must eat little in the first days of his cure, his sleep must be long, his belly evacuated, and his mind kept pleasant.   

Of the Nightmare.  
THe Nightmare called Incubus, is a Disease in which one doth think that a great weight lies on him in his sleep; it differs from the Falling-sickness, as the cause of it is venomous, so is not the Hag or Nightmare, there being no Convulsion, as in the Falling-sickness. The part affected is the Heart-walls, or part of the Midriff; the sense of the Patient in his sleep is stupefied; he supposes himself to be stifled, insomuch that he cannot speak a word; he groans, and his fancy is so disturbed, that he thinks a Spirit is there, whence the anguish of his mind is caused, so that he desires to cry out, but cannot: from hence is caused the heating, or rather boiling of his blood, so that his spirits being attenuated, and his pores opened, the Patient suddenly starteth up. This Disease is caused from gross cold Phlegm, as also from melanchollick blood settled about the Heart and Veins of the Breast, from whence cold vapours are belched out. He that useth a slender diet, is seldom troubled with the Nightmare, but doth frequent those that have many crudities. They that lie on their sides are very seldom troubled with it. If this Disease be of any long continuance, it doth threaten the Falling-sickness, or the Apoplexy, Madness, or Hypocondraick Melancholy, and other Diseases. The air where the Patiented lives should be temperate, hot, and bright; his meat easy of digestion, of good juice, not windy; he must eat sparingly, especially at supper; he must not sleep in the day time, his belly must be kept lose, and his mind quiet.   

Of a Convulsion.  
A Convulsion, called Spasmus, is a Convulsion or shrinking of the Sinews, an effect of which doth force them and the Muscles unwillingly to that disposition of body which they did enjoy by the benefit of the animal faculty when they were in perfect health, this being an involuntary motion in the part which did usually move of its own accord. The Brain is first affected, and chief, and then the face with the whole body is taken with a Convulsion, which doth happen to those that have the Falling-sickness; in which accident, the roots of the Sinews are hurt, the brain being shrunk, doth join all its force together for the expelling of that which is hurtful. The brain is sometimes first affected, and then the face with the whole body is shrunk up together; but for the most part a Convulsion doth happen to the Muscles in determinate parts, whereby the part affected doth plainly show that the Muscles are grieved. The signs of this Disease are the stretching of the Sinews, which if long with the Patient, do exceedingly waste the strength, while all parts under the head are annulled. The efficient cause is either fullness or emptiness, fullness is caused by blood, and then a Convulsion happeneth suddenly; it is also caused by a phlegmy humour, which doth wind itself, as the blood doth into the Sinews and Muscles: this causes a Palsy. The emptiness of a Sinnew takes more deliberation in growing upon a Patient; this is occasioned by the Ague, Hunger, Melancholy, violent Sweeting, Vomiting, excessive Venery, or Inflammations in the sinnewy parts. A Convulsion which is caused by a Wound, and of Heleborus, is mortal. This Dis●ase is also incurable, if it be caused by emptiness. Let the air of the Patient be hot and dry, his diet rather roast then sod; instead of Wine, when the Disease first seizes, he may be permitted to drink honeyed water, wherein Sage and Cinnamon are boiled; exercise must be avoided, the neck and back-bones of the sick person must be rubbed, his sleep moderate, his excrements answerable to his belly, his mind quiet.   

Of Choler.  
Choler is an immoderate perturbation of the Stomach and Bowels, whence malign humours break forth upwards and downwards. This Disease is often so violent, that it deprives one of Life within the space of a day or two without a Fever, the substance of the body being consumed by vomits and stools; for excrements come often out with such force, that the spirits are expelled with the humours: the upper and lower part of the stomach is primarily affected, the bowels being distempered by the stomaches disburthening of itself through them. The signs that make known that these parts are affected, are vomits and evacuation; a choleric, sour, and stinking matter is vomited upwards and downwards for many hours, as if the Patient had drunk great store of such stuff. This Disease is gathered together in all the body, or in the Gall, Bladder, Misentery, or Bowels. This Disease is sharp, but the strength of it is dissolved in a short time. The air the Patient lives in must be cold and bright; if he be strong, a little quantity of meat will suffice him; he should forbear eating for two days; he may drink then strong Wine: in this Wine thin plates of Gold should be quenched; he must sleep very gently, and shun the passions of the mind.   

Of the Head Ache.  
THis disease is sometimes caused from the location of the Head, sharp Vapours, and Swelling humours ascending from the lower parts assaulting the Head, because as the brain is of a cold and moist temperature, superfluity of excrements are therein generated, which if they increase, and are not avoided by the expulsive faculty, in time disturb the Head with Aches; the Head-Ache occasioned by an ague, quaffing, or some other external cause, is by the Latines called Cephallalgia: the Films of the brain is much troubled with this disease, which by reason of their tenderness, the least pains are sharp and tender to them, but the substance of the brain is more grosser, so that the pain that seizes thereon, is duller and more loading; this disease is sometimes caused from cold and Phlegmy matter; this matter by the grossness, and sliminess doth stop the narrow passages of the Head: the pain that comes by a hot, is more vehement than that which comes by a cold distemper; an old pain caused by cold matter is hardly to be cured, especially in old men: a Head-Ache continually vexing, is the forerunner of madness, especially if the Vomit appear somewhat rusty; it also presages other diseases. The Air where the Patiented lives should be hot and dry, roast meat is better than boiled, exercise and sleep must be moderate; let him lie with his head raised up, and somewhat covered, he must avoid Vomiting and discontents of mind.   

Of the Cough  
CAlled Tussis, is a violent breathing, causing much breath or spirit speedily to break forth, as it endeavours by its force to discharge sharp excrements which do molest the Lungs, and hinder the passages, or which do any other way offend the body; this motion is caused by nature which doth force the instruments of breathing by some violent course, from whence the Cough is caused. The beginning of a Cough is for the most part from the Lungs, whereby the Muscles of the Breast are stirred up, and the chest is vehemently pressed, by which means all things that are in the way are expelled; when as the breath breaks forth so strongly, the Lungs have this passion following it, even as freezing follows cold, in the brain; and to bring this motion into act; first the Lungs become wider, than again they are shrunk; the Midriff also being a help to this motion, the Lungs are the affected part, sometimes the Midriff, Stomach and Liver, for neither the Breast in the Pleurisy, nor the Liver can any ways beget a Cough, unless also the Lungs are hurt: sometimes a Cough follows the stopping of the passage, through which the breath is moved The signs of this disease are manifest, for th● Cough is so strong, that let one do what he ca● he cannot forbear coughing; there being ofte● a kind of tickling in the inward parts of th● mouth: this disease is often caused by an humour from the head into the Windpipe an● Lungs, which if it run abundantly and wit● great force, the Patiented breaths with grea● difficulty. If the Cough hinders sleeping it is 〈◊〉 bad sign, also a continual and vehement Cough with a distillation, is accounted very dangerous because by this there is some danger of a Consumption; a continual Cough is caused by a● old obstruction or corruption of the Lungs, no● by Rheums; for when those stay, the Cough also stays. The Air where the Patiented lives must be temperate, and inclining to dryness, hi● meat must be easy of digestion, very moderate, he must avoid such things are sharp and bitter; his exercise must be moderate, day sleeps are hurtful, his belly either by art or nature must be kept lose, and all perturbations of mind to be avoided.   

Of the Flux of the Belly.  
A Disentery, so properly called, is a Flux of the belly with exulceration and excoriation, whereunto great pains with gripe are joined; chief fat corpulent bodies are galled by sharp humours, and sometimes the Films of the inward tunickles of the Bowels are voided by stool; the inward parts are affected as those things which are voided do testify, for the excrements are thick, and some fat or bloody drops are mixed therewith; and sometimes foamy, which is voided with wind; this blood for the most part swims upon the excrements, if the Ulcer be fastened on the inward Bowels, but if the pain rest about the Navel, or somewhat higher, or that a quantity of blood is mixed and drowned with the stool; in the beginning of this disease, for the most part slimy biting Choleric excrements of divers colours are voided, wherewith at the last some quantity of blood is mixed; also there is a griping of pain of the Bowels; the excrements are little, and expelled by little and little; and after this a small quantity of flesh is voided, and sometimes parcels of the Bowels, ●●ward Tunicles do appear in the Excrements: This Flux is caused by sharp humours, such as are putrefied and very much biting. Signs of this disease are the weakness of the Stomach, increase of thirst, continual Flux of the Belly; also if the Urine be not answerable to that which is drunk, and black Excrements are voided, the body being lean. The air wherein the Patient is to remain aught to be temperate, his diet easy of digestion, and such as will breed good Blood, because the Concoctive and retentive faculties are feeble; exercise and motion are not to be used, watch and all perturbations of mind ●●e hurtful.   

Of the Hemorhoids or Piles.  
HEmorhoids are veins of the Fundament stretching beyond measure, or swollen most excessively; sometimes they appear abou● the Fundament, and then they are called outward Hemorhoides; sometimes they swell inward, and then their swelling is not so great and therefore the Veins do not appear outwardly, these are called the inward Hemorhoides when they run too much, than they void Melancholy and thick blood, but after it good an● red blood is perceived to issue; after the blood i● of a Citron or pale colour, the strength of th● body failing, the weakness of the Legs, and 〈◊〉 heavy pain of the Hips concuring, the Blood i● oftentimes this way evacuated, because abundance of dreggy blood which is this way generated by evil digestion, would else rot and putrify in the body; wherefore nature hath provide● that the Liver, Spleen, and other parts adjoining, through the former branches should sen● all their corrupt blood through the Fundament Hemrhoids coming on such as are mad or molested with black Choler, or the effects of th● Kidneys, are good; yet if they bleed too muc● there is great danger, for they threaten a Dropsy; if they flow naturally, neither an inflammation of the Lungs, Sides, or else eating Ulcer o● Leprosy, Melancholy or a Quartane Ague wi● soon follow. The air the Patient lives in must b● dry, his meat such as breeds very few Excrements, his drink Wine, some what binding,   

Of Swoonding.  
SWoonding called Sincope, is a sudden failing of the strength, and so it is in a degree in a manner deadly, because it is the beginning of nature's dissolution; the heart in this disease is affected, as may appear by the sudden failing of the strength of the body, smallness and weakness of the pulse, and coldness of the extreme parts. In this distemper the Patient's face looks as if he were dead, because the blood flies inward, the extreme part of the body, by reason of faintness and looseness of the body, wax cold, their sweat being ill savoured by reason of the dissolution of the parts: this disease is often caused by great watching, anger, sadness, vexation and grief of mind, by Fevers, emptiness of the belly, sweeting, labouring, vomiting at the stool, or by a sudden evacuation of water in a Dropsy; for hereby moderate evacuations and resolutions of the Spirits are caused, by which means the heart cannot but be greatly overthrown; if when this sick person is in a swound, the head fall on the Shoulders or Breast, and he neither breaths nor his Pulse beats, his face appearing green and of a leaden hue, if a sneezing Medicine will not prevail, present death is at hand. The air this Patient is to remain in aught to be temperate, for hot or cold offend; his Chamber should be lightsome, his meat easy of digestion, his sleep not long, except in extraordinary cases, and a Physician by to observe the Patient in his sleeping and waking: for if while the Patient is awake, his pulse, colour of his face, and breathing be better, or settled, his sleep may be broken; but those accidents being better whilst he sleeps, he may continue sleeping.   

Of the Spleen.  
THe tumour of the Spleen is sometimes soon hardened, and swells even as the Liver doth, though it hath a thinner substance than the Liver, because his nutriment is thick; and besides the Spleen must receive the dregs of blood, and his more earthy and impure parts. This Disease so stops the Midriff, that it cannot be raised up or thrust down, when it should serve for breathing, whereby great sigh are caused in the sleep, as also great difficulty of breathing. The part affected is the Spleen, which may be perceived by the loading pain in the Spleens region. This Disease is plainly discerned by the loading pain in the Spleens region, and by reason of the plenty of matter. This Disease is for the most part caused by melancholy humours, which are the dregs of the blood, and are caught into the Spleen by the dregs of the body, and there remain for a long time; or else are caused, because the Veins of the body do flow with such melanchollick blood at the first, whilst the tumour is increasing, the cure may be performed; but if it be once ripened, it is incurable. The air the patiented lives in must be clear and bright; his meat must be such as hath an opening force, that is soon concocted, and breeds good blood; his diet must be sparing, his exercise before meat, his sleep moderate, and his mind pleased.   

Of the Lethargy.  
THe Lethargy called Lethargia, is such a necessity of sleeping, as cannot by any means be avoided; or it is an oblivious Disease caused by a cold imposthume of the brain, the substance thereof being affected chief, the hinder part, but not the ventricles, as may appear by the offended functions of the brain: It is such a Disease, whereby Reason, Memory, and the Imaginations of the other Senses are annoyed; in this Disease, as hath been said, an urgent necessity of oblivion with sleeping doth possess the Patient, together with a lingering and continual Fever. The causes of this Disease proceed from a cold and a moist distemper of the brain, and abundance of phlegmy humours so putrefied, that they bring a Fever with them. This Disease speedily kills the Patient, if it be not met withal in time; for the space of seven days he is in danger of death, if he escape them, there are hopes of recovery. The air he lives in must be hot and dry, if otherwise, it may be rectified with Juniper-wood, Rosemary, and Bay-leaves; his diet must be such as may extenuate; his sleep must be hindered as much as may be, with pricking, and pulling of his ●air, or with smoke of Brimstone, Beaver-stone, Galbanum, Sagapenum placed under his Nose, that he may be forced to draw it up his Nostrils, to which pupose his Nose must be rubbed and chafed with Vinegar; the excrements of his body must be brought down with a Glister or Suppository; instead of exercise frictions and ligatures of the exterior parts, viz. the hands and feet must be used.   

Of the Yellow Jaundice.  
THe Yellow Jaundice called Icteritia, is an effusion sometimes of yellow Choler, sometimes black, sometimes both, over the whole body, and this is incident to Maids: also this choleric blood is spread over the whole body with the blood, because the excrements are not daily, or not at all voided. In this disease the same place or part is not always affected; for sometimes the Liver is in fault when it is too hot, or else imposthumed, and then both the Urine and the Stool are stained with a yellow colour. Sometimes the Fever doth concur with a certain pain in some obscure place of the Liver, whereby the colour of the face is changed: sometimes the bladder of the gall is affected, and then heaviness is felt in the right side of the Heart-walls. This Disease is manifested to the eyes by the colour; the Patient's appetite is diminished, a bitterness increases in his mouth because of heat; and yet for the most part it is without a Fever, but looseness and Headache of the body ensue; the Urine is like to Saffron, also muddy and thick, and sometimes it is stopped, the excrements are white; if the bladder of the galls passage is stopped, little is voided, and that little by little and little. This Disease comes sometimes by increase of Choler through the Livers too hot distemper, for hereby such store of Choler is generated, that the Gall cannot contain it: sometimes this Disease is caused by the Inflammation of the whole Liver, in which case the whole body is stained with galley excrements, by reason of the great heat of the blood. If this Disease continue long, it threatens the danger of a Dropsy. The air the Patient lives in must be temperate; his diet such as may cool, moisten, and extenuate the humours, and easy of digestion; such as bind and multiply Choler are to be avoided; Baths and Frictions in the Winter time are good; his exercise is to be small, his sleep moderate, his excrements voided in due season, his mind is to be furnished with pleasing objects.   

Of Giddiness, or the Vertigo.  
Giddiness is a Disease whereby the head and all other parts of the body seem to be turned circularly about, so disturbing the brains and senses, that the Patient oft tumbles down, unless he be held up by some stay near at hand. This Disease is of near kin to the Falling-sickness, only herein they differ, that the giddy party is not deprived of his senses, neither is he buried this way and that way, as Convulsions afflict their Patients. The chief part affected is the Brain, which doth appear by the functions which are hurt, for the animal faculty is grieved, but the brain is affected; the Headache the forerunner, a heaviness and dulness thereof, with an annoyance of smell and taste, and a ringing in the ears. A sign of this Disease is, that the Patient cannot endure those that turn about in their sight, being so depraved, that all things seem to turn round. This Disease is caused by the abundance of spirits and boiling blood, if it be not voided at the Nose, when it is ready to run out: this Disease is also caused by crude, raw, venomous humours often generated in the head, or in some of the inferior parts, especially in the stomach. If this Giddiness lasts long, it is next to an Apoplexy and Falling-sickness. The air the Patient remains in should be temperate, bright and clear; his diet such as breeds good juice pleasing to the stomach, and not windy, his exercise and sleep moderate for the head; the voiding of his excrements, if they come not from him naturally, must be furthered by art, his mind in no case to be disturbed.   

Of the Palsy.  
THe Palsy called Paralysis, is depriving of senses and motion, not in the whole body, as in an Apoplexy, but when one side, or all parts of the body under the head, or any other limb is deprived of sense or motion, as the Jaw, Hand, Lip, Feet, Arm. It also falls out that some part is deprived of the sensitive faculty, the motive faculty not being hurt. Contrariwise, the motive dies, when as the sensitive is found sound: sometimes it happens that sense or motion is not quite taken away, but only was dull, and is benumbed. Physicians call this an imperfect Palsy, the Harbinger of a Palsy; why the sense doth sometimes perish, and motion abides, this happens because some parts do participate of a twofold kind of Sinews: this Disease hath great affinity with the Apoplexy, and sometimes is caused by a weak Apoplexy, and then it is called Paraplexia: herein they differ, the Apoplexy seizeth upon all the parts of the body, depriving them both of sense and motion. The Palsy seldom or never leaves the head without motion or sense, but the other parts of the body lose both motion and sense, and that in a different manner; for if the beginning of the marrow of the Backbone be affected, all parts under the face do sympathise with it; if but one half of the back be affected, all parts that have relation also suffer: but if the  parts are not hurt, but some particular Sinnew of some part of the body is loosed, that part whereof this nerve is joined, shall also lose sense and motion. In this disease, as hath already been said, the marrow of the Backbone is affected, which is the original of all other Sinews; wherefore the Practitioner ought to take pains in Anatomy, to know where this mischief keeps its first residence. One evident sign in this Disease is, that if the palsied part be lifted up, it falleth back again, it is soon cool, and in time withers; the Patient's urine is for the most part white, and sometimes inclining to redness; when this mischief is at the full height, the Pulse is faint, slow, little, and soft; it is caused by a cold and moist distemper, sometimes by an Imposthume, or some other tumour crushing the sinews by a wound, a fall, a fracture, too straight a ligature, laxation of bones in the back by a stroke; but for the most part it is caused by thin and waterish humours derived from the brain, which do insinuate into the pores and substance of the Sinews, and so the Sinews being made too soft, are loosened and slackened, and do suck in so much moisture, that they stop the head of the Sinews, whereby the passage of the animal faculty is hindered, which hath its original from the brain. A Palsy which is caused by the cutting of a Sinnew overthwart, is incurable. A Palsy caused in the Winter, and in old men, is seldom or never cured, because natural heat is deficient in them. The air wherein the Patiented lives should be hot and dry, procured by a fire, if the season of the year require it; or by a perfume of Cloves and Rosemary; his meat must be such as heat and dries, his diet must be slender till the fourteenth day, for it is very good for the Patient to be abstenuous; his drink must be small; he must avoid sleep in the day time, and trouble of mind.   

Of the weakness of the Liver.  
THe weakness of the Liver comes by distemper without any manifest evil in that Bowel; the proper and principal faculty of the Liver is the blood which doth come to it by the property of its own substance, and cannot be weakened of a sudden by any distemper, for the distemper must needs take deep root before it hurt the substance of the Liver, or dissolve the strength thereof, but by what distemper soever this is caused, the Liver doth not perform its proper duty except it be by halfs. In this disease, as hath been said, the Liver is chief affected, as will appear by its own functions hindered; the blood is not well digested, and then the blood which is voided by stool is waterish, which shows that the nutrement was well concocted in the Stomach, and began to be concocted in the Liver, but not perfected because of the Livers weakness. This disease scatters the Spirits native heat, dissolves the strength and actions of the Liver; 'tis most probable that a cold distemper is the cause of the Livers weakness, if the distemper be but light, the colour of the face is white, the Excrements stink a little, few are voided, the Patient's Urine is thin: there are many other conjectured causes, if the weakness of the Liver hath been of a long continuance, it is scarce to be cured, and in time is changed to be an evil habit of the body, from whence a general weakness is caused; or else it turns to the Dropsy. A temperate air is good for the Patient, meats that are easy of digestion and do moderately heat, his drink may be thin and Odoriferous Wine, his sleep must be moderate, his mind cleared from discontents.   

Of the Colic.  
THe Colic is a continual passion of the Bowel, which is called Colon, there follows it a difficulty of voiding of the Excrements and wind, at the lower parts a grievous pain and sore pricking comes by fits, because this bowel is thick and sinewy, whereupon if any hurtful thing creep into its Tunicles, it is not presently driven out; this disease hath affinity with the Iliaca passio, but in the Iliaca passio the pain is more vehement; the loser Gut called Colon is chief affected: the pain of this disease is vehement, as if the person were bored through with an auger, it is stirred up in the inside of the Bowel; this pain is inconstant, for sometimes it doth pinch one side and then another, though it doth chief molest the right side, and from thence is carried to the left. The Colic is eased by Lenitive glisters, and fomentations; there are many causes of this disease, a several matter running to the Guts, because of their wideness, or else it is caused from an inflammation of the same part, or by a sharp biting humour, or by slimy, and gross humours, or by a thin Phlegm that is in the Film of the Colon; and because that Bowel is the receptacle of wind, the Colic is often caused by them when great plenty of them is gathered together in those places, or else it is caused by slimy and gross Phlegm sticking in the common passages, or from a tumour remaining in the Bowels, whereby the Guts are strongly pressed, that the wind can hardly get forth; the Colic doth often turn into a resolution or looseness of the Sinews, into a Joynt-Gout, into Iliaca passio, or a Dropsy; of all colics that is the worst which is caused by an inflammation. The air the Patient lives in must be temperately hot inclining to dryness, yet the native heat of the outward and former parts of the belly, must be kept hot with warm , his meat must be easy of digestion, such as doth generate few superfluities, it must be moist not windy, nor slimy his drink may be strong Wine; exercise is good before meat, and rest afterwards, they may sleep in the day time.   

Of the Pleurisy.  
THe Pleurisy is an inflammation of the thin and small skin which  the Ribs on the inner side, called in Latin Pleura, from whence this disease takes its name; there are many pains of the side, but in this place I shall only treat of that pain that doth follow asharp disease by the inflammation of the inner skin; for if the inflammation be in the outward Muscles, or if the pain be great because of windiness, this is but a bastard Pleurisy, and the Patient is without a Fever. The signs of this disease besides the difficulty of breathing, and a vehement Cough, is a pricking pain which plainly doth demonstrate that the membranes and some other tender parts are affected; this pricking pain sometimes spreads itself over the sides and breast, sometimes to the short Ribs, to the Channel-bone of the Throat, so that the Patient is forced to breath short and thick; also there is a continual Fever, because the inflammation doth border on the heart, the Pulse is thick, not too great, hard and unequal, and by that means tough and like to a saw; a cough also cometh withal the first day, and then nothing cometh at length: spittle is voided and comes up coloured according to the nature of the excrements, and it is also moister: there are many other signs, the cause for the most part is blood running from the hollow Veins into the Ribs thin Veins; sometimes it is caused by Phlegmy blood, and then the disease is longer of continuance, and the spittle frothy and white; sometimes the blood is Choleric, and then a sharper disease is caused. The suppression of the Hemrhoides, or monthly terms, will cause a Pleurisy; this disease is dangerous to old men, to Women with child, and such as have been sick twice or thrice of it; it vexes the Patient more in the night than day time: whosoever is sick of a Pleurisy, and is not cleansed in fourteen days, they turn to supurati●●▪ This disease kills by choking, or too m●ch pain, or by the translation of the matter into the Lungs, whereby the Consumption of them is caused, and also Ulcers. The air the Patient lives in must be temperate, somewhat inclining to heat, his meat easy of digestion, he is not to drink Wine till the disease be abated, he may be permitted longer than ordinary sleep, his belly must be kept lose.   

Of the Bleeding at the Nose  
THe Bleeding at the nose called Hemorrhagia, doth signify a Bleeding at the Nose, whether it doth come immediately from the Nostrils, carried thither by the Veins of the palate, through which for the most part nature doth expel the superfluous blood of many, or else whether it comes from the Veins of the Head further off; but in general it doth signify any bleeding, whether it be of Nose, Womb, or any other part of the body, when blood comes forth moderately in the beginning of a Pleurisy, Impostume, Squinancy, Burning Fever, Small Pox, it is always for the best; yet this Bleeding in some other diseases is Critical: foreshowing death the Nostrils are chief affected, but not always; the essence of the Nostrils, but they are affected by the consent of some other part; the Veins by which this blood is cast out at the Nose, run from the palate and Mouth into the Nostrils, and sometimes from the head; when too much blood is voided, the colour of the face waxeth pale, the body is of a leaden colour, the outward parts are cold, and a swooning follows, and many times after death. Oftentimes bleeding at the Nose is caused by nature, which doth by this means expel the excrements, and which is troublesome to the body: Sometimes it is caused by the evil affection of the Veins, wherein the blood is contained, and the blood runs out of the Veins, the Veins being opened by the plenty of blood which they could not contain. There are sundry other causes: If bleeding have continued long, swooning, weakness, and too much cooling of the Liver, Lachexia, or the Dropsy is to be feared. Bleeding at the Nose without coldness of the outwards parts, is mortal. The air the Patient should live in must be somewhat cold, his meat must be such as doth nourish well, and easy of digestion; he must avoid exercise, and speak little; he must avoid all passions of the mind, especially anger.   

Of the Falling-sickness.  
THe Falling-sickness is a Convulsion of all the parts of the body, not continual, but that which cometh by distances of time, the mind and senses being thereby hurt. This disease doth either happen when the brain hath the cause of the disease in itself, which is usual, or by the evil effect of the mouth of the stomach, or from some other part underneath, by which the venomous effect creepeth into the brain through secret passages: the Patient feels the cause of this Disease like a vapour of cold wind to be carried to the brain by the continuity of the other parts, from the part of the body wherein the Disease is chief seated; the cause of this Disease being for the most part a venomous vapour carried up from some lower part of the body into the brain, and then the Patient doth suddenly fall with a Convulsion. The brain is the part affected, either by itself, or by the consent of the stomach, or by some other parts. The fit comes oftentimes suddenly with much foam, which because it is slimy, may be drawn out at length, yet in a gentler Falling-sickness this doth not appear; when the Patient is deprived of his senses, he falls to the ground with a violent shaking of his body, his face is wrested, his eyes turned upwards, his chin somewhat driven to his shoulder, and oftentimes he voids seed and ordure against his will, his Muscles are loosened; all these are signs of a strong f●t. Sometimes their teeth are so fast closed together, that they are in danger of stifling, paleness of the face, inordinate motion of the tongue, pain and heaviness of the head, forgetfulness, sadness, troublesome dreams are ushers to this Disease; the Patient being taken with a giddiness, sometimes darkness, and divers dim glister appear before his eyes. This Disease is for the most part caused by abundance of melancholic and phlegmatic humours, from whence corrupt, venomous, and stinking vapours break out, whereby obstructions are caused in the passages ●f the brain, and the passages of the spirits are ●●ereby hindered; by this means the brain, and the roots of the Sinews shrink, and as it were tremble, in the expelling of that which is obnoxious, whether it be vapour or humour. This disease frequents children, because they are of a moister brain then young men; next to these, men o● a full growth, and old men lest of all. This Disease is more incident to men than women▪ and usually it doth stick close to the Patient, unless it be taken away by medicines in the minority: If the Disease be vehement, and come often on the Patient, it is incurable; but if a quartane Ague, or any longer Fever surprise him, i● portends health. The air wherein the Patien● lives must be hot and dry, his meat mixed with such things as do dissolve and extenuate the humours; exercise of the body, and frication of th● head are prevalent, the moderate use of Venery is healthful; his excrements must be voided i● due time; and if Nature be deficient herein, Ar● must be used; his sleep must be moderate, and his mind pleased.   

Of Rheum.  
RHeum, in Latin called Catarrhus, is a distillation commonly taking a deflux of humours and excrements from the head or brain into the other parts of the body; and because th● brain is of a cold and a moist nature, and dot● want plenty of nourishment, by reason of th● largeness thereof; so likewise it doth breed many excrements: and the slight distemper being cold and moist, will further it, for vapours sen● from the lower parts get up thither; and these being thickened by reason of the brains thinness, are entertained; and even as these superfluous humours are sent back again to some one or other part of the body: oftentimes in the first Ventricle, if they do not offend much in quantity, and then they are soon purged; by the  sometimes they spread through divers places when they flow too much, and then they are voided at the Nose, , Ears or Eyes; and they do often fall into the Stomach and Lungs, from whence several diseases are occasioned. The Brain is most affected, as may appear by those things which are voided at the Mouth, Nose, and , and then it is a more continual disease; neither is any hurt of any other part perceived; whereby it may be cherished; but while it is caused by other parts of the body, it will the better be known by its proper signs. This is an affection which is caused by moderate excretion, if the excrements of the head fall on the Lungs, it doth cause for the most part hardness of breathing, and a great Cough, and Hoarseness, bringing pain and soreness to the aforenamed places; the hot distemper of the brain is sometimes the cause, the great weakness thereof being oftentimes the cause; sometimes it is occasioned from the brains cold and moist distemper; for then the nutriments conveyed to the brain are not well digested, whereby many superfluities are gathered, and store of excrements lodged in the brain. Surfeits and too much fullness increases this Disease, or by too much sleep; also by the weakness of the digestive and expulsive faculty of the brain. If the humour fall from the head to the nose, it is but a small grief; if to the throat, worse; if to the lungs, worst of all; for the lungs are in danger of being exulcerated, from whence comes a Consumption: the Winter season is very obnoxious to this disease, because of the uncertainty of the weather. The air the Patient lives in should be moderately hot, and rainy weather, as also Northern and Southern blasts must be avoided; his meat must be very easy of digestion, and such as breeds good blood; his sleep must be moderate, and sometimes in the day time, his head must be so covered, that neither too much cold, nor too much heat offend it; his body must daily, either by art or nature, be emptied of excrements; he must use moderate exercise, and shun the passions of mind.   

Of the Pain of the Stomach.  
THe pain of the Stomach called Cardialgia, is a painful sense of the mouth of the stomach, caused by a biting matter. This distemper hath an affinity with the Disease called Cardaica passio, which is in like manner a Disease o● the mouth of the stomach, caused by corrupt humours, and such as are biting and violent, which either came from some other place, or else wer● there generated and gathered together. Th● Cardaica passio differs from this Disease, because this is caused by biting humours, but that is caused by virulent humours, venomous, and so malign, that a very hot and sharp Fever accompanies it. The mouth of the Stomach is primarily affected, the heart being hereby hurt, because of the nearness, a pinching pain with biting and fretting being felt under the Breasts grissels. In this Disease there is a gnawing, biting, and pricking of the stomach; there is an oppressing pain there, whereby the Patiented breaths with difficulty; sometimes the belly doth cast out the choleric stuff, and sometimes he doth vomit choler; a Fever seldom comes with this. In this Disease the appetite is abated, the Patient is in more pain before then after meat; this Disease is often caused by sadness, for by those cause's Choler comes into the stomach, whereby bitings and gnawings are caused; sometimes by inflammation, or by sharp or phlegmy humours: if this Disease comes without a Fever, it is less dangerous. Let the air the Patient lives in be cold, either by art or nature; his meat easy of digestion, and such as is least subject to corruption; rest assuages the pain, his sleep must be moderate, ●is belly must be rendered answerable to nature, ●erturbations of his mind are to be shunned, especially choler.   

Of the Gout.  
THe Joynt-Gout is a feebleness of the Joints, and pain coming upon them at several distances of time; for the most part it is caused by 〈◊〉 Flux, which windeth itself betwixt the Ligaments, Films and Tendons of the Joints; for in this disease the Joints do first receive the Humour, which at length doth insinuate into the Films adjoining: sometimes there is a Gout in the fingers, sometimes in the knee, sometimes in the hips, from whence it spreads itself to the Thighs, Calves of the Legs, and to the end of the Feet; yet this Gout sticks not in the Hip, but is fastened above the Hip at the to● of the Buttock; if the Gout stick in the feet 'tis called Podagra, or the Feet-Gout, whether it b● in the ankles, soles of the feet, or great toe● joint: sometimes it seizes on the shoulder-joynts, and turning-joynts of the Backbone o● Chine: sometimes not any knitting of th● bones is free from this pain. The parts affecte● are the joints, tendons, ligaments, films of th● parts of the body, which either knit or environ the bones are here affected, and sometimes th● Membranes are filled and stretched; the Patiented i● tormented for a long space, when this Diseas● doth first surprise him, yet the pain is but little by the use of evil diet almost all the joints o● his body suffering alike, sometimes not one par● of the body being free from this Disease. In th● Feet or Hipgout for the most part no swelling doth appear, but in the Hand and Knee-Gout, swelling, redness, and heat, by extreme pains a● easily to be perceived; sometimes an inflammation is caused, and then the appetite is lost, an● the Patient is troubled with watch, and Fever. The cause of every Joynt-Gout is fo● the most part great store of phlegmatic humours, or some other humours overflowing in the greater Veins, the Liver and Head, so that the parts are therewith surcharged; and that these parts may likewise be free of this burden, they do cast these excrements upon the joints, ligaments, and tendons, and films, whereby they are filled, stretched, and weakened. There are four causes of these superfluities of humours, the immoderate use of strong Wine, Venery, crudities and feebleness of the parts, to which may be added the relinquishing of accustomed exercises, and suppression of evacuation. This disease is an an hereditary Disease. The pains of the Feet-gout trouble the Patient at the Spring time and Autumn: if this Disease be not cured before the Patient comes to his perfect growth, it will not be pefectly cured. The air the Patient lives in must be temperate, inclining to heat and dryness; such meats as do moderately nourish are good, and such they must eat but sparingly; when their Disease hath left them, they may use exercises, otherwise not; their sleep must be moderate, for too long sleep cherishes this Disease; his belly must always be kept lose, the use of Venery is hurtful, all perturbations of the mind are to be avoided.   

Of Congelation.  
COngelation, called Catalepsis, is a sudden detaining both of soul and body, with the which whosoever is taken, the same figure of body doth nevertheless remain; he abides sitting or lying, if he did either sit or lie when the fit took him. By some this disease is styled an awaking amazement, because the disease takes away sense and motion in all parts of the body; this disease agrees in some things, but differs very much in others from an Apoplexy. In this disease the brains hinder-part is chief affected, the animal part being hurt, as well imaginative as sensitive and motive. In this disease the Patient is dumb, his body is bereft of sense and motion; and though he retain the form of one being awake, yet his mind and senses are asleep, and that on such a sudden, that the lookers on are amazed. This disease in so vehemently seizing on the Patient, that he rather thinks he is transported to heaven then dead; the mind is assaulted so violently, that the person in this distemper remains in the same figure, wherein he was when he was stricken; he can neither void excrements, make water, by reason of the senses dulness, his pulse beating little and faintly, but in the mean time equal. This affect is caused by a cold and weak distemper of the brain, whereby the brain and animal spirits are congealed and dried up, not only cooled. A cold and dry matter causeth this disease, as melancholy, the air cold and dry, the mixture of Phlegm and Choler when both overflow; they are in great hazard of life that are taken with this disease, if this disease be strong, it is hardly to be cured. The air the Patient lives in must be hot and moist, his meat Ptisan, Cream, his drink small white Wine, and somewhat a stringent.   

Of the Frenzy.  
A Right Frenzy is an inflammation of the brain and the films thereof, bringing with it a sharp Fever, doting, and alienation of mind; it is a kind of a madness, both dreadful and dangerous, because this disease is generated in part, which is the chief sense of the faculties of the Soul: and because a true Frenzy hath its beginning from a false, it will be convenient first to treat of a false Frenzy. It is an alienation of the mind with disquietness, without an imposthume of the brain, and it doth follow a Fever caused by Blood or Choler: dote do not fret and grieve so much as they do, that are possessed with a true Frenzy; and as the Fever doth increase or decrease, so the fate of the Frenzy is increased or decreased, especially in the hour of the Crisis, or conflict betwixt Nature and the Disease. In these Fever's dry Vapours get up into the Brain, whereby the animal parts are disquieted, sometimes Impostumes are the cause of this disease. The parts affected are the Pia mater, or dura mater. In this distemper there is a continual and dry Fever; and as the Patient sleeps very disquietly, so his watch are more troublesome, he breathes by fits, he will if he be not looked to, start out of his bed suddenly, he will weep, sing, and cry out; the Patient's tongue is withered black, he is very thirsty, his Urine is thin and fiery, sometimes white and thin, than he is in great danger. This distemper is caused with too much blood, and such a one is mad with Laughter, yet he dotes less, and is not so Feverish: but when it is caused by  Choler, then is the Patient stark mad, and must needs be bound, as he is in this distemper very strong. A Fever is the inseparable companion of this disease: this is a most sharp and dangerous distemper, and speedily kills, if present remedy are not given; for all kinds of Frenzies are mortal, being bred in the place where the souls principal part is resident. The air the Patient remains in must be temperate and bright, no variety of Pictures must remain in his sight, his diet must be such as may moisten and cool the body, he must avoid too much motion, frictions on the lower parts are to be used, especially when the disease is milder; sleep must be procured by Local Medicines, and such as are received in at the mouth, the Excrements of the Belly must be evacuated, for if they are kept in, they do increase the disease; perturbations of his mind are to be avoided.   

Of the Dropsy.  
THe Dropsy is such a passion that it is not without plenty of watery humours, because the blood-making-faculty is vitiated; it is a long disease, for the most part caused by the coldness of the Liver. There are three kinds of Dropsies, Anasarca, which is a dispersing of Phlegmy humours over the whole body. In this Disease the body increaseth most unnaturally, for it is all over swelled, and an humour mixed with Phlegmy Blood is spread over all the body between the skin and the flesh, and the body doth suck it up, even as a sponge sucks up water, and by reason of this an ill colour passes over the whole body. The second sort of Dropsy called Ascites, is that when great store of winds, but greater of water, are gathered together in one place, which doth lie between the Guts and the Stomach. In this Disease, first the belly and Abdomen, by little and little, than the Thighs are swelled, and all the other parts of the body by little and little wax lean; but when there is a greater store of wind then water, whereby the Abdomen is stretched beyond measure, called Timpanites; then rather a noise of wind then water is perceived, if the belly be struck, for there is the sound of a Tabor, from whence this Disease hath its name. The natural colour of the face in this Disease is not altered the Liver is the part affected, for hereby the blood is generated, and from this the Dropsy is caused by the primary affect of the Liver, and then the Cough comes withal, because the hugeness of the Liver causeth the obstructions of the Lungs, also the Excrements are not very liquid. Sometimes this Disease is caused by the consent of the Misentery, Spleen, Stomach, Meseraick Veins, and Jejunium intestinum, whereof a weakness of such Veins doth follow, as did convey food to the Liver, and then Excrements are heaped together in the lower parts, until they are corrupted, and so surcharge the body, and afflict the Patient with a Lax. The Patient in this disease, is for the most part troubled with a Fever, and doth thirst very much, especially if he be troubled with Ascites, and because of Salt and putrefied humours, he loathes meat. The colour of the face is whitish, hardness of breathing, and heaviness of the body, concurs also Swell of the Feet, because of the far distance of the heart. In Anasarca the whole body is weakened, and doth Faint, and Swell equally, yet for the most part the Swelling is in the Shins and the Feet; so that if the Fingers are thrust into the flesh, the prints of them will remain a long time. The great coolings of the Veins and Liver is the cause of this long & sore disease; this happens to the Liver by itself, or else by the coldness of the Spleen, Guts, Misentery, Midriff, which sometimes because of their obstruction, sometimes because of their weakness, draw not unto them too much blood; also it is caused by the Bleeding at the Nose, by immoderate running, or by staying of the monthly Courses, or Hemrhoids, for so the natural heat is choked by the loss of Spirits in the blood: sometimes it is caused by the Flux of the belly, or stomach if they do last long, for the natural spirits, and native heat are scattered. There are many other causes, if ulcers arise in the body by water, that is between the flesh, because of the great plenty of humour it is hardly cured. He who is supurated, or have a Dropsy, when he is cut or burnt, if that water or matter doth run out he dies presently; also if a Cough doth seize on him he is in great danger. Of all these Dropsies the Timpanites is the worst. He that is in a consumption, many times fall into a Dropsy, because the evil is communicated to the Liver, for matter and venomous filth having found a way into the Liver, gets in and sticks fast therein, and so doth corrupt the substance of it. The air where the Patiented lives should be clear and somewhat inclining to heat and dryness; moist and windy air do increase this Disease. In this distemper a supper of roast meat is better than sod; his meat must be easy of concoction: flesh broth must not be given except the Patient takes Purges; he may drink thin Wine, but not sweet, because this will not quench his thirst; as it is good in this Disease to endure hunger, so to thirst long is dangerous: moderate exercise, frictions, and the Baths are good; he may sleep in the night time but not much, the Excrements must be answerable to nature, he must abstain from Venery; and even as fear and sadness do hurt very much, because they hinder digestion, so anger and some of the other passions will be very good for him.   

Of spitting of Blood.  
SPitting of Blood is any avoiding of Blood at the mouth. Blood is also voided from many other places of the body; here care aught to be had in observing whether the Patient was wont to Bleed at the Nose or no, for from thence it doth fall into the Stomach and Throat, and from thence into the Lungs, but for the most part it doth turn and harden into a cold; if then one spit blood and yet did not Bleed at the Nose formerly, than it comes from some peculiar part; blood is often voided from the Gums and Mouth itself, and then the Spittle is of a bloody colour, and very little is voided out, and that without a Cough; if it do come from the Throat or Weezel-pipe, than it is voided by Hemmings not by Cough, and the continuated parts of these places do appear loosened, if the Tongue be thrust out; but if it did come from the Head, a pain of the Head and heaviness went before, a noise in the Ears, the Forehead Veins rise, they have a kind of a heat and blood in the Mouth, and a tickling is felt in the Palate, if it doth run into the Throat, from whence by often Hemming it is cast out; oftentimes the Patient hath a desire to Cough but cannot; but if the blood doth come from the Lungs, then is the blood foamy, and then it is voided by frequent Coughing and without pain, and at sundry times, and as oft as blood is voided, because some great Vein is burst, than plenty of blood is cast up; no cause except that known, it being as it were cast up by Vomit; but if blood be cast up because some Vein in the Lungs is gnawn, which is oft caused by a sharp humour falling down, than it is voided by degrees, a little now, and a little then, unless some great Vein be fretted asunder, for than it runs out in great abundance; for this is very dangerous, for than follows a Cough or a Fever; sometimes some part of the Lungs being rotten, is voided by a Cough, and this is the surest sign of the Lungs exulceration: much more might be written of the peculiar parts affected, and of the signs. This distemper is often caused by fullness, and by a great quantity of blood, which doth offend the body, and some peculiar parts of the body more particularly, so that hereby the vessels mouths are opened. Of this is a good habit of body, immoderate use of hot nutriments and Wine, suppression of terms; and then there is no pain but rather a lightsomness of the body, which before was dull; and then also there is not too great a quantity thereof, and it is not very foamy or red. Women without any danger of Consumption have been eased by this shedding of blood in the suppression of their terms. To omit other causes that might be rendered of this distemper, it will be very necessary to take notice, that if the Lungs are ulcerated, there is danger, for then there is danger of a Supuration and Consumption when a Vein in the Lungs is opened and burst; yet there is some hope, if the substance of the Lungs be sound; yet a Consumption signifies danger, if the blood which comes out of the rapture of a vein falling upon the Lungs be there detained, by which means the Lungs are inflamed and putrefied; for at length the substance of the Lungs will be corrupted and putrefied; there is also danger when a great V●●● is opened or broke, for that the heart may be suffocated from the plenty of blood voided from thence. Spitting of blood, if it be caused by a corrosion of the Lungs, is incurable; if from the Breast, there is less danger. Spitting of matter it is a sign the Lungs are exulcerated: this disease, if it continue long, will turn into a Consumption. The air the Patient lives in should be somewhat inclining to cold and dry, the Patient must avoid sunshine, and a bright fire, his meat must be such as doth cool, dry, and bind, it ought to be of a slimy substance; he must eat sparingly, he may drink wine and water mixed together; he must shun all exercise, he must breathe very gently, for violent breathing is offensive; he must not sleep in the day time, his sleep at night must be moderate; his belly must be kept lose by art or nature, perturbations of his mind must be avoided, especially anger.   

The Postscript.  
COurteous Student, observing my indisposition of Health to increase, and still seize more powerfully on me, I have so ordered, through the trust I have imposed in some of my best Friends, that these Papers preserserved for the public good should outlive me; in which as the old Saying is, I have enclosed Homer● Iliads in a Nutshell; in these few Pages epitomised the Mystery of the Skill of Physic; in this small Looking-glass, representing to thy clear view, above forty of the most dangerous and desperate Diseases that chief in this Life afflict ou● frail Bodies. It cannot be expected, that having confined myself to such narrow limits, that I should have annexed there more particular Cures, they having been so seriously, and I hope through God's Blessing successfully treated of in my foregoing Treatises. I acknowledge in these my last Endeavours, that I have in part made use of an excellent Manuscript amongst others, some years since that came happily to my perusual; whether it were 〈◊〉 Original, a Copy, a Translation, or the Author's Name, I know not; but whosoever he were, I so approved of his admirable Reason, that I thought it fit to join the best Experience of my own continued Practice to it; Vis unita fortior. It is ●●t out of any arrogance or prerogative of my own fancy, that I have styled these three, Diet, Rea●on, and Experience, Doctors: those that know 〈◊〉 rightly, can determine that I was never so inmoured with that Title, but only to inform my mistaken Countrymen, that it is not the Cowl ●●at makes the Munk, the shaking of the Urinal, ●e stroking of the Beard, hard Words, the Plush cloak, a large House with a Monster in the first ●●om to amaze the Patient, but deep grounded Rea●●●n, and tried Experience, that commences a Physi●an with Diet, Reason, and Experience. The three forementioned Authentic Doctors I have con●lted; I commend their Advice to the well affect●● and judicious, for others I care not.  
Nicholas Culpeper.    

Chemical INSTITUTIONS, DESCRIBING Nature's Choicest Secrets in Experienced Chemical Practice; showing the several Degrees of Progression in the Physical Cabinet of that Art.  
BY Nich. Culpeper, Gent. late Student in Physic and Astrology.  
LONDON, Printed for Nath. Brook, at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhill, 1659.   

Chemical Institutions, Describing Nature's Choicest Secrets in Experienced Chemical Practice, showing the several degrees of Progression in the Physical Cabinet of that Art.  

Chap. 1. Vinegar of Squills  
TAke of Squills (the outward skins and hard root at the bottom being cast away) one pound, slice them with an Ivory or Bone Knife, for Iron spoils them, than put them into three quarts of strong Vinegar, stop them close, and in one month they will be ready for use; and than if you please with Honey you may make them into a Syrup.  

* According to the quality of the Patient, strength of nature, & of the disease, so let the Dose be 3 and therefore no certain Doses can generally be determined.  The Dose is one spoonful in the morning osting, and walking an hour after it.  
It preserveth the body in health, even till ex●eam old age, as Samius, recorded by Galen, ●oved, whom he affirmed to live one hundred ●●d seventeen Years in health, using no other medicine but only this.  
It causeth good digestion, long wind, clear ●●ce, acute sight, good hearing; it expelleth wind, and makes a good colour; it suffers no offensive thing to remain in the body; Wind, Choler, Phlegm, Dung, nor Urine, but bringeth them forth, brings out filth, though it lies in the bones; it hath been known to cure such as have been given over by all Doctors; it cures hardness of the Liver and Spleen, takes away Gouts, and all swelling of the Limbs. In a word, I commend it for a wholesome Medicine, for soundness of body, conservation of health, and vigour of mind.  
The College of Physicians of London laid all their heads together to hammer out the time when this Squill must be gathered, or taken out of the earth; and the result of all their consultations was this, That it must be gathered at the rising of the Dog-star, and so they very learnedly quoted it in that stately piece of Wit, their Pharmacopeia; but which of the two Dog-stars they mean, whether Cyrius or protion, or wha● rising, whether Comiscal, Acronychal, or Heliacal, I know not, I nor I think themselves neither so that a child in Astrology cannot choose bu● admire at their learned ignorance.   

Chap. 2. Elixir Vitae.  
TAke of Cloves, Nutmegs, Zedoary, Gi●ger, Galangal, Pepper white and blac● Juniper-berries, Citron pills, Orange pills, Sag● Basil, Rosemary, Mints, Marjoram, Bay-berrie● Penniroyal, Gentian, Calamint, Elder leave Roses white and red, Spicknard, Cubebs, Aloe Hapatique, the seeds of Mugwort and Margerum, of each two drams; Figs, Raisins, Dates, Almonds, Pine-nuts, of each six ounces, white Honey a pound, Musk one dram, fine Sugar four pound, bruise the things that may be bruised, and infuse them all together in fifteen pints of Aqua vitae for ten days, or thereabouts, afterwards still it in a  till the feces be dry.  
Take this water, and stop it close in a glass, let it stand in Horse-dung two Months, then have you the first water good.  
Then take out the feces, and distil them in sand with a strong fire, and there will come out a water red like blood, and thick, which will stink admirably, place this in Horse-dung as the former; this is the second water of the nature of fire.  
The first water, if a child take a dram of it every third day in the morning, it keeps its body sound from diseases, it cureth wounds at three times washing with it, or four at the most; it helps all infirmities in the eyes, a drop being put into them; the face and breast being washed with it, it preserveth Youth; being taken inwardly, it provoketh Lust, and makes barren women fruitful,  
The latter water, a spoonful will recover and revive a man that is half dead; it helps pains in the Matrix, and cures Pleurisies; being used by ●nction it cures pains of the Colic, helpeth ●ardness of the Spleen, pains in the teeth, stinking breath, Fevers of all sorts, being taken inwardly; and powerfully prevails against humours of all sorts; if any one be so sick that he cannot speak, give him a drachm of this with a drachm of the former water, and so soon as it is in his mouth he will speak. This Dr. Floravantus saith he hath proved an hundred times; yet if it lack not above half the number it is no matter.   

Chap. 3. Aqua Mirabilis.  
TAke of Turpentine one ounce, Olibanum two ounces, Aloes, Hepatique, Mastic, Cloves, Galangal, Cinnamon, Saffron, Nutmegs, Cubebs one ounce, Gum of Ivy five ounces; beat what can be beaten into very fine powder, and still them in an Alembick with a gentle fire.  
The first water will be clear and white; when it gins to change colour, take away the first water, and receive the second.  
The second water will be of the colour of Saffron, and thick, when the colour changeth again, take away the second water, and receive the third.  
The third water will be like Honey, then distil the feces dry.  
The first water cureth Fistula's, and noise in the ears, a drop or two being put into them.  

* Mark the quality of the disease, and give the hottest water in the coldest disease, or at least qualify them one with another.  The second cureth infirmities in the eyes, they being washed with it.  
The third water cureth ulcers and scabs in any part of the body, and swell of the eyes; it presently easeth pains of the teeth, it resisteth cold poisons, as Toads, Spiders, Serpents, Scorpions, etc. Neither can any sting hurt one, a drop of this Oil being warmed and applied to the place: it cureth all ulcers lie they never so deep in the flesh, nerves or bones, and that without any tent in nine days, be they never so foul, fistulated, or cankered; it cures wounds with a stone, or fall, or shot, a linen rag being wet in it, and laid upon it; it strengtheneth the nerves and sinews, helps swell of the Legs, Joints, or any place coming of a cold cause, or corrupt blood.  
It is so hot in operation, that nothing can be found hotter; and of such a piercing quality, that warm a drop thereof and lay it on your hand, it will presently soak in, and you shall not feel it.  
If you would try the virtue of it, take a Capon, or any other Fowl, the feathers being plucked off, and the guts being taken out; then heat him so hot as you can well hold him in your hand, then anoint him with this Oil, and lay him in the Sun two hours to dry; then anoint him again, and dry him as before, then lay him where you will, he will never putrify.   

Chap. 4. A Precious Water.  
TAke of Aqua vitae many times distilled over a gallon, Sperma caeti, Ambergrease, Rheubarb two drams, Musk one dram; put the Aqua vitae in a glass, then tie up all the aforesaid species in a linen cloth, and hang the Nodulus in the water by a string, it being close stopped (lest the spirit evaporate) with Wax and Parchment, (putting a little Cinnamon into the Nodulus) so shall you have an excellent water of the colour of Gold.  
This is indeed a precious water, and I am of opinion, that if an Astrological time were observed for the beginning of the business, it would be ten times better.  
It expelleth Poison; a drop of it being taken in any convenient substance, resisteth both pestilence and putrefaction; if any be infected with the pestilence or any other Fever coming of putrefaction or inflammation of blood, or humours, (as most Fevers (if not all) do) six or seven drops given in any cordial, cures them.   

Chap. 5. An Apprehension worth experience.  
TAke of the Juice of Chelondine, which was gathered when the Sun was in Leo, which is called his own house, let him be free from Malevolent Beams, and if he apply to the aspect of Benevolents 'tis the better; let the Moon be strong, applying to the Sun, and increasing in light; let the Angles of the Heavens be clear from the bodies of Saturn, Mars, or the Dragon's tail; from this Juice draw the Elements apart, and rectify them all severally, the triplicity the Patient was born under, and his Disease being known, and discretion in the administration accordingly used; why may not it alone cure all Diseases, though not in all people?   

Chap. 6. A Balsam.  
TAke of Turpentine one pound, Oil of Bays four ounces, Galbanum three ounces,  four ounces, Frankincense, Myrrh, Gum of Ivy, Wood of Aloes, of each three ounces, Galanglal, Cloves, Comfrey-roots, Nutmegs, Cinnamon, Ginger, Zedoary, Diptany of Crect, one ounce; Musk, Ambergris one dram, the things being in powder which may be beaten; put them into a Retort, and put to them Aqua vitae six pints; then wet a rag in Aqua vitae, and set fire to them, let it burn, stopping it close; and after nine days still it in sand, first with a gentle fire.  
At the first will come out a clear water with Oil amongst it, let the fire be gentle till you see it begin to look black.  
When it changeth colour, then change your receiver, and separate the Oil from the first water; then increase the fire, and perfect the distillation.  
Keep the last water also apart, which being suffered to stand and settle, will have a liquor which may be separated from that which is called the Balsam itself.  
The first is called water of Balsam.  
The Oil is called Oil of Balsam.  
The last water, mother of Balsam.  
And the residence in the bottom of the last water, is the Balsam itself, and is the most precious of all.  
The first water cleanseth the eyes, causeth a clear sight; the face being washed with it, makes it fair; it preserveth Youth, breaks the Stone in the Reins, brings forth Urine stopped by carnosity or fleshiness; it marvellously cureth all sort of wounds being washed with it, and a Lint dipped in it, and put into them; it also helpeth Hecktique Fevers and Coughs.  
The Mother of Balsam helps Scabs, Itches, Tetters, Ringworms and Leprosy.  
The Oil of Balsam helps many Diseases, as Wounds in the Head, though the Skull be broken; a drachm of it at a time, being drunk in water, helps Pleurisies wonderful speedily.  
The Balsam itself is the wonder of the world, two drachms of it being taken, easeth any pain; it helps Coughs, Hoarseness, infirmities either hot or cold; being used in unction, it pierceth to the utmost extreme parts, curing thereby old Aches and bruises; it cures Quartane Agues, all the body being anointed with it once a day.   

Chap. 7. A Balsam for the Stone.  
TAke of Turpentine a pound, old Oil six ounces, Oil of Bays four ounces, Cinnamon, Spikenard, of each two ounces, Bricks well burnt, eight ounces; still them altogether in an Alembick.  
It provokes Urine, breaks the Stone, kills Worms, helps noise in the Ears, the Palsy, Gouts of all sorts, all pains in the Joints, either by drinking of it, or anointing with it, but you must use but very little of it at a time inwardly, mixed with apt things for the disease you take it for.   

Chap. 8. A Balsam for the Palsy.  
TAke of Galbanum a pound, Gum of Ivy three ounces, bruise them, and still them in Balneo, mix the liquor with Oil of Bays, one ounce, Turpentine a pound, still them again, then separate the Oil from the water, and keep the Oil for your use.  
For the dead Palsy, Convulsion, Apoplexy, Shaking-palsie, or any disease of the Brain, Colic, Wind in the Bowels, etc. lay the Patient upon his Back, and pour a little of this Oil (being warmed) upon his Navel, and you shall presently see the wonderful operation appear more divine than natural.   

Chap. 9 Of the Quintessence of every Simple Matter.  
WE are in the first place to learn what is the Quintessence of every thing, or simple matter; which being known, the other secrets of this Art will more easily manifest themselves unto us: for every thing which hath its institution from another thing, aught to have its definition declared, that the original may be understood. Know therefore that Quintessence is the fifth part of every thing, having form and substance, and a most subtle spirit drawn from its body, as from a more gross and crass matter, and superfluity of four Elements, by a most subtle and extreme distillation, as we shall hereafter teach.  
But let it not seem wonderful to any one that this Art hath for the most part lain absconded, and shut up from the common knowledge and vulgar capacities of men; for many of the Ancient Philosophers have so laboured in this art, that thereby they have nourished and preserved the life of man to an extreme old age; and have spun out the thread of life to the end of nature, and ultimate time ordained and appointed by God, Qui statuit omnibus semel mori,  
But as by a corruptible Medicine, life cannot always be preserved incorrupted; so a Medicine having near affinity to incorruption, may preserve the power of nature to an extreme old age.  
And the best Antidote conducing hereunto is the Quintessence, which is no elementary thing, but a certain secret soul drawn from its body; so that whatsoever it is admixed withal, seems in a manner incorruptible; for it comforts and restores all the powers and spirits of man's body, by the excrements of the Elements evacuated and wasted: and it is a spirit of life, for it digesteth all indigestible things, and cutteth away and digesteth all superfluous qualities.  
For it preserveth flesh from corruption, it comforts the Elements, restoreth decayed Youth, vivifies the spirit, soft things it hardens, hard it mollifies, thick and gross things it rarefies, thin substances it conduces and makes thick, the lean it makes fat, fatness it extenuates; it cooleth the hot, and heateth the cold; drieth up moisture, and moisteneth dryness; and repelleth every complexion adverse to the body.  
Further it extinguishes all the noxious matter of superfluous humours, and restoreth natural heat; so that the greatest Philosophers never found out any thing more conducing to the sustentation of life.  
Now although the Quintessence may sometimes have the complexion of some other thing adjoined unto it, (for unto what complexionated thing soever it be joined, it draweth the complexion thereof unto itself) yet solely by itself, it hath none of the four qualities in it; to wit, Airy, Watery Fiery, nor Earthly, which could be discerned or discovered by the judicious inquisition of the most skilful Philosophers. Lastly know that the Quintessence hath not in it any thing of the earthly Element, Cold or Dry, because it cures melancholy diseases which are cold and dry.  
Therefore for a conclusion, observe that it is neither hot, nor cold, nor moist, nor dry; but is a thing of a temperate nature, exceeding all the Elements which are under Heaven: For when it is administered unto any one, it maketh that body temperate; neither doth it recede from its temporancy, by assuming any Qualities or Complexions.  
Neither doth it follow, that it is a Medicine for cold infirmities, because it is hot; nor that it cures hot diseases, because it is cold: for two contraries cannot exist in one body, because one contrary is expelled by the other.  
Therefore we see it ought not to be called hot or cold, nor dry or moist, because it cures such as are Physical, which are hot and dry; and the Hidropical, which are moist and cold; but all the four qualities are in it corrupted, and altogether sublated.  
And although it is not an Element, nevertheless it is a temperate Matter, purified by the Elements themselves, and extracted from the Feces of the four Elements, which are the most powerful causes of the corruption.  
These Feces therefore are segregated as a most gross body from its matter, as it were from a most subtle soul, by the Science and Art of distillations.  
And because the Quintessence is the Commune vocabulum of all things which have a form and species to extract it from; and although chief it is to be understood of Wine, yet nevertheless there are very many other things from which it may be drawn and educed; as from all metals, from all fruits, from flesh, eggs, roots, and many other things as we shall shortly declare; and it excelleth all other things, because of its great subtlety: and therefore by very many Philosophers it hath been called Coelum Philosophorum.  
For the Heaven is of itself distinct towards the four Elements, so the Coelum Philosophorum, viz. The Quintessence hath itself against the ●our qualities of humane bodies, which are composed of those Elements,  
It is called also by some Aqua arden's, a burning water; because (until it be brought to its perfection and utmost distillation) it burneth in the fire, leaving no superfluous humidity in the vessel. By some it is also called the soul of Wine; for as the soul is more noble than the body, so is the Quintessence which is extracted by true distillation, more noble than the body of Wine from whence it is educed.  
It is named also by other Aqua vitae, or the Water of life, because it doth conserve humane life from corruption, as we see when it is administered to those that have the Syncope passion; and because it is divers ways, and from divers things extracted, we shall begin with the first in order.   

Chap. 10. How the Quintessence of Wine is to be extracted by a distallatory.  
HAving delivered what the Quintessence is, and to what it conduces, we are now to perpend and consider, by how many ways it may be extracted, and from what things; and because it is drawn from things moist, dry, hot and cold, we shall in the first declare how it may be drawn from moist things, as from Wine, after this manner.  
Take of the best red Wine, a little inclining to sweetness; and which is perfect, natural without mixture or sophistication, not too ne●● nor too old, but of a temperate age; or if yo● cannot get red Wine, take white Wine the bes● what quantity you please, and place it in a C●●curbite, so that two parts may be full, and th● third remain empty; then put it upon a Li●●beck with a head and receiver, and let the● be all well luted with lute made of paper ma●● defied, or meal and whites of Eggs mixed t● the thickness of Honey. It may also be mad● according to Raymund Lul, with Olibanu● or Mastic mollisted, or with powder of Calviva, incorporated with the white of an Egg.  
And when the vessels are thus Luted, th● the animal and vegetable virtue cannot exha●● from the matter to be distilled; then set a tr●vet over the furnace with a vessel or Cauldrons like Balneum Mariae; which vessel, fill halfa two parts thereof with water, and underneat make a gentle fire, increasing it by little and little; and when the Cucurbite waxeth hot, increase not the fire any more, but always imitate nature as much as is possible to do. Fo● Nature as saith Gallenus and Lul, cannot suffe● any violence without corruption of the prim● vum, or first matter.  
Now (according to Avicenna) there ar● four degrees of heat, according to the four complexions; the first whereof is warm as war● water, so far calefied, that it cannot hurt an● member immited into it. The second degree 〈◊〉 so hot as it may be suffered by an humane member without lesion.  
The third degree is so hot, that if any member be immitted into it, it is offended with its calidity; and this degree is next to ebulition.  
The fourth degree of heat is so vehement, that it cannot be endured, because it exceedeth in heat; and this degree is ebulition, or boiling.  
Some also call the fire of a  the first degree of fire and the heat of Ashes the second degree, and burning fire the third degree, but the fourth degree they deny.  
And according to other Artists, the fire of a  is the first degree, the fire of Ashes the second degree, and Sand the third; and sometimes proceed to a fourth: but he who desires to be a perfect Master in the Art of Distillation, aught to observe, that in all Distillations whatsoever, the fire never ought to be increased to the fourth degree, because the fire will be more violent than the nature of the matter to be distilled can bear. And by consequence, Nature herself will be violated through the violence of too much heat; and therefore of all Artists the fourth degree is to be rejected.  
For Nature herself was so ordained by God, that she cannot suffer any violence or vehement thing, without the corruption of herself, as by the judgement of many Philosophers may be proved: Therefore I counsel all Lovers of this Art, that they do not undertake to intermeddle with this excellent work given unto us by Divine Providence for the preservation of our humane lives, unless they have the perfect knowledge of these four degrees of heat, and know how to temperate them and the fire in al● things as they ought.  
It is therefore to be understood, that the degrees of heat are always to be diminished after the first distillation, because in the first distillation the matter is most gross, so that it will no● easily yield to the distillation, because of its impurity and crude substance, which is not in th● subsequent distillations.  
Therefore in the first distillation the fire is t● be exalted from the first degree to the last par● of the third degree, so that the bathe be ver● hot, yet it ought not to boil. In the second distillation we may work with a more gentle fire because by the first the grosseness of the matte● is somewhat attenuated, so that there needs no● so great a fire; and so always by descending 〈◊〉 little in every degree, you shall extenuate th● fire, because, as we have often said, if you d●● force, or too much compel the matter whic● ought to be distilled, Nature herself will b● corrupted.   

Chap. 11. How a rude matter ought to be putrified and mad● fit for Distillation.  
WE must diligently weigh, and accurately consider what substance the matter 〈◊〉 of that is to be digested; whether it be hard o● soft, gross or subtle, how, and by what Art i● may be putrified and digested, that it may b● the better brought to yield to the distillation and that the pure may be sequestered from the impure, and the gross may be the better separated from the subtle: In the progress whereof observe these degrees of putrefaction.  
Whatsoever it is out of which you would extract a Quintessence by distillation, first of all let it be putrified and digested two months in Horse-dung, and between the first and second distillation one month; between the second and third, three weeks: between the third and fourth, fifteen days; between the fourth and fifth, eight days; between the fifth and sixth, four days; and between the sixth and seventh, two days.  
And further observe, that the dung ought always to be of the same equal heat; for if the heat be deficient, the circulation of the water is corrupted. And by consequence, the matter itself which should be reduced into the Quintessence, will be separated in the heat of Heaven, as you may see in a Diameter Line, which divideth the Quintessence, which is the superior part, from the feces, which is the inferior part. And here note that these degrees of digestion and putrefaction of the matter is so to be attributed, as it is before declared concerning the degrees of heat.  
Therefore there is required a longer time of putrefaction before distillation then afterwards; and when the first distillation is made, the matter contains not in itself so much grossness as before; and is become more apt to receive the Quintessence then before it was.  
And therefore after the first distillation, the putrefaction is made in a shorter time then at the first, because the matter is become more subtle.  
And therefore it is worthily to be prepended, that there ought to be made seven digestion, or putrefactions, as also seven distillations.  
The manner also of digesting, after the opinions of the Philosophers, is delivered after this manner.  
Every one that will endeavour to perform such a work, let him cause to be made a pit o● hole of five foot deep, and two foot wide, or a little more.  
Let the pit be made in some moist place, as in a Cellar, which being done, let the bottom b● covered with quick lime about the thickness o● half a foot. Let there be another laying o● horse-dung, which is not much putrified, nor very new, upon which, place the vessel wherein yo● put the matter to be fermented, and then fill th● pit with dung round about the vessel; which being done, let the dung be madefied with hot water according the magnitude and quantity of the pit, until you can feel the heat about the vessel or cucurbite; and this is usually done in th● space of half an hour; but if in that time it b● not done, then proceed pouring on more ho● water: and do this three or four times in a wee● and when the Calx and Dung waxes old, let i● be removed and new put in the room.  
This is the method which is to be observed i● all things that you would distil; and therefore it is made digestion, because gently, and without any vehement motion of nature, action, or mutation, a gross matter is made subtle and obedient to distillation.  
Digestives are also ordained diversely according to the four degrees of heat; so that in the first there must be a greater work than in the second, third, fourth, and the rest.  
Therefore in the second digestion we must deal more gently and temperately; and the bed of Calx is to be thinner than at first, and the bed of Dung to be the deeper; and so you are to proceed in all the degrees of digestion unto the last, in which you are to put no Calx at all, but only Dung.  
Digestion may also be made by setting the matter to be digested in a Cucurbite in the Sun, for some space of time in the Dog days.  
Or also digestion may be made in the winter time by setting the matter in a Vial, or Cucurbite, over a Furnace; or also the Cucurbite may be placed in a Vessel full of sand, and calefied with hot water; and let the Cucurbite be covered in sand two third parts, and set in the Sun in the Dog days.  
I must here take the pains to explain what time of the year I mean by Dog days. By the Dog days I mean the hottest time of Summer, which generally is July and August; about which time the Summer Dog-star rises: and those days called the Dog days, are generally known to all Country men. The other distinctions that some makes, are observed by none but Scholars; and their names are Cyrius and protion; and their rising various, viz. Comiscal, Acronychal, or Heliacal.  
You may likewise make digestion by putting your Vessel in hot water, in the manner of Balneum Mariae.  
There is also another way, that is, that the Vessel wherein you would digest your matter should he placed in the Summertime in an Emmets nest, so that the bottom of the Circulatory may be almost buried, and that the Su● may reverberate upon the extremity: and in this operation you shall see a wonderful digestion.  
Lastly the matter may be digested and putrefied in the month of October, or thereabouts, (when the Vintage is ripe in Vinacea, or in the mother of Wine, which hath no heat by accident, neither hath the Horse-dung.  
And this is to be done when the Juice is pressed out of the Grapes, by burying the Circulatory Vessel in the Relics; in the effects whereof you shall perceive a miraculous operation.  
By Vinacea you may understand, either th● substance of the Grapes left after the Juice is pressed out, and that is best for this work; or the mother of the Wine that arises when it ferments: you may do your work in either, but i● England in neither. But you have other waye● enough already prescribed, therefore this shall suffice for putrefaction and digestion.   

Chap. 12. How to know whether Wine digested in a Circulatory be fit for distillation.  
WHen you have digested Wine seven times over as before is directed, you may then thus prove, whether it be fit to be distilled.  
Take a Linen cloth and wet it in the digested Wine, then kindle it with a candle, and if the Wine burn without lesion and combustion of the Linen, it is not perfectly rectified; but it is a true sign that there remains some watery substance therein, and therefore the work is to be repeated; and it is to be digested so often and so long until there remain no watery substance, which may be known by this probation, as before is directed.  
There are some who say it is to be proved by putting Sugar into the Wine; and if it be well rectified the Sugar will burn plainly with the Wine.  
Now take notice that this digested Wine is not the Quintessence, but the subject of the Quintessence: but when the Linen cloth burneth with it, and that it hath perfectly lost its acute, sulphureous, and unsavoury taste, and becomes pleasant and sweet to the taste, and that no fumosity remains in the adustion thereof; than you may call it a Quintessence. But in insensible things which have no sapor, we must have respect unto the fume; as in Gold, and Silver, and other Metals, and precious Stones; from which sometimes is also extracted a Quintessence, which is converted into Aurum potabile.  
The Circulatory Vessels for distillation are of several forms according to the various opinions of Authors; there is a Circulatory called by some a Pelican, and of others, the Vessel of Hormes; this is the most noble and commodious for the work: others distil in a Cucurbite with an Alembick, with a blind head; but of these every one may accommodate himself as he pleases.   

Chap. 13. How to distil by way of Circulation.  
WHen you perceive the matter by frequent putrefaction to be sufficiently digested, and that you have made experience thereof by the proof before directed, then have in readiness your Vessels fit for Circulation; include your matter in your Circulatory Vessel, and put it in Horse-dung, or set it in the Sun in the Dog-days, or in Balneo Mariae, calefied unto the first degree of heat, or a little more, according as you see the matter temperated and made subtle by digestion; and there let it remain so long time until it be converted into your desired Quintessence, which is to be known by the sapor, as aforesaid.  
And observe diligently that if there appear in the bottom of the Vessel any Hypostesis, that is a certain little troubled Cloud, that ought first to be separated from its matter by distillation, which being done, Circulate it again as at first.  
When therefore the diligent inquisitor into this Art hath brought forth the Quintessence, in the putrification, and subtlety of the matter of Wine or fruits, let him confidently believe he may attain unto the same in all other things of the like nature. And therefore we must submit unto the opinion of Aristotle, that when a matter is thus by distillation nobilitated and made immaterial, it cannot be any more reduced to any form, being without any elementary substance, exceeding formality and corruption: and therefore it is as it were a Celestial body.  
For as the Heaven disposeth itself to all inferiors, so also doth the Quintessence to all complexions and qualities. And as all the Stars have their course from the noble influence of the primum moblit, so also all Medicines, wherewith the Quintessence is mixed, do attract the virtue thereof as the Adamant doth the Iron.   

Chap. 14. How to extract the Quintessence without labour or cost.  
NOn omnia possumus omnes; and as Hesiod saith, Non uni dat cuncta Deus; God giveth not the knowledge of all things to one particular person; neither is every one capable of understanding all Arts: but that every one may reap some benefit hereby; here follows an easy way of extracting the Quintessence of Wine without any great labour or cost.  
Take of the best Wine you can get, whether white or red, that which is a little sweet, distil it in a Limbeck four times over, or oftener, till there remains no watery substance therein, which you may thus prove: put a little of it into a Silver or Brass Vessel, and kindle it with fire; if it burn up and leave no humidity in the Vessel, it is distilled enough.  
When this matter is thus digested and rectified, put it in a Pelican, or a Vessel called the Vessel of Hermes, luted and cemented with strong lute, so that the strength of the matter cannot evaporate; but by the frequent ascension and descension of the matter in the Vessel it is converted into a pure Quintessence, and becomes from a corruptible matter, in a manner incorruptible.  
And when it hath many times been sublimed after that manner in the said distillatory, then open the mouth of the Pelican, and there will ascend out a most precious and fragrant Odour, by which you may know whether there be any of the four Elements remaining in the matter which ought to be converted into the Quintessence. For if it be brought to a perfect Quintessence, there will arise out of the Circulatory a most fragrant and precious Odour, even of a celestial fragrancy and sweetness. And if this fume enter into any secret place of the house it will fill the whole house with an admirable and most incredible savour, being of such heavenly sweetness and fragrancy: and if it be set on the top of any tower, Omnes Aves ad se attrahet quae circa sunt in Viciniis.  
But if when it is opened, it give not such a scent, then close again the mouth of the Pelican, and lute it well, and set it again to distil as before, until by that effect a perfect Quintessence appears; or (as Raimund Lul, Lib. 1. Cap. 2.) a vegetable Mercury, which you may always know by its odour.  
And it hath not only an excellent odour and taste, but is also incorruptible as to other Medicines, and doth not burn in the mouth as Aqua vitae; neither hath it any humidity or earthly substance, for all the terrestrial and elementary matter remains in the bottom: And as the Heaven itself is composed of matter and form, so also is the Quintessence.  
Nevertheless it is not altogether free from corruption: for if it were perfectly incorruptible, it would make our bodies perpetual and eternal, which the Creator hath not permitted to the Creatures, since he hath measured out the term of our life, as saith the Psalmographer: therefore when any matter is converted into a Quintessence, it is not become divine, but natural; nevertheless it is made by the divine help and assistance of God, without whom nothing is made.   

Chap. 15. An easy way to extract a Quintessence without Fire.  
WHen in this excellent Work you would avoid expense, and save that which is more precious, the loss of time, and would extract the Quintessence after this double way, you may do it without fire or coals.  
The first way is this; Take Horse-dung, and impose it in some large deep vessel, or in a pit, as before is directed, made for this purpose; and in the middle of the dung place the distillatory impleted with the matter that is to be distilled, two thirds, and let the third part remain empty without the dung, because nature requires it, that the matter may have its ascent and descent, and may by consequence be converted into a most clear water. And this is done without any labour or fire; but you ought once in a weak at least to renew the dung.  
It may be also done in the Sun in the Canicular, or Dog days, so that divine Providence hath provided that both rich and poor may have the operation of this Art.   

Chap. 16. To extract the Quintessence of Celandine.  
CHelidonia, or Celandine, according to Raymund Lul, etc. is called, Quasi Coelidonum, as a gift of Heaven; but if we will derive its Etymology from the Greeks, Pliny and Aristotle say, that Chelidonia takes it name from the greek word Celidon, which signifies a Swallow: for with this herb the Swallows help their young ones to their sight in their nests. And this herb flourishes at the coming of Swallows, and dies at their departure.  
This herb hath innumerable virtues, and therefore I thought not fit to omit it in this work. The juice of it being pressed and strained out, and gently boiled with Honey in a vessel upon hot embers, is a singular remedy against all scales of the eyes. But to make the Quintessence thereof, take of Celandine in the Summer time, when it is at its maturity and green, the whole substance, flower, herb, and root, what quantity you please, cut it small, and beat it in a stone Mortar, than put it in an earthen Cucurbite well glazed, fill the Cucurbite quite full, luting it well, then set it in new Horse-dung to ferment and digest by the space of three weaks, than put it on an Alembick, and distil it in Balneo Mariae; let th●● to be somewhat moderate, and the Phlegm will come off, and the other Elements will remain in the bottom of the distillatory: then take out the Feces, and work them upon a Marble till you have made them as fine and subtle as possible: then put them again into the vessel, and pour upon them the Phlegm which you first distilled off from them, and put them in a blind Alembick, let them be very well luted, and set in Balneo Mariae seven or eight days to putrify and digest: Or if you think that way too chargeable, ferment it in Horse-dung: this being done, let the matter stand and cool a while, then distil it in ashes in an Alimbeck with a receiver, and there will arise a pure water of the colour of Oil, which contains in itself two Elements, to wit, the Air and Water: the other two, viz. the Fire and Earth residing in the bottom.  
And if you would separate the Phlegm from the Air, put the Oil in a new distillatory, and distil it in Balneo Mariae with a gentle fire, and you shall see the Phlegm ascend, and the Oil will reside in the distillatory; and thus you have these two Elements, the Air and Water separarated one from another: For the Oil will not ascend in Balneo, because the fire is not powerful enough.  
And when you would separate the other two Elements, take the Feces out of which you have distilled the oil, and bruise them upon a marble as at first; afterwards take four parts of Phlegm and one part of Feces, and incorporate them together, then set them in a furnace in Balneo 7. days, and afterwards distil them in sand with a strong fire, and there will arise a red water: continue your distillation till it is converted into that water, and you have in that water two Elements, viz. Fire and Water, and the Earth remains in the bottom of the Cucurbite, as a black matter; then put that red water in another Cucurbite, and distil it in Balneo Mariae, and the Phlegm will be separated from it, and in the bottom of the Vessel will remain a red Oil, which is the Element of fire; and thus you have 〈◊〉 four Elements severally extracted and separated one from another.  
Then let the earth be calcined with Aqua ●●tis the space of ten days that it may be well ●●citated; afterwards grind it again upon a ●arble and imbibe it with the same Phlegm, ●●d distil it in an Alimbeck till in the matter ●ou shall perceive white little stones like salt; dissolve this salt again with the water you have distilled, and when it is dissolved distil it again, repeating it so often until the earth lose all its 〈◊〉 pure and terrene colour, and become white 〈◊〉 Virgin's wax; and than it is truly rectified.  
There is also another more subtle way to re●●ce and bring every Element into his chief substance and Quintessence; it being presupposed ●●at every Element is first rectified, then let it ●e taken and put in a Circulatory Vessel, and 〈◊〉 in Horse-dung or in Balneo Mariae thirty ●●yes, and afterwards distil it again; then its ●ody being as it were a gross matter, will be ●●nged into a spirit, or most substil substance.  
There are some who operate after a more ●●sie manner, by taking four parts of Earth and ●●e part of one of the four Elements which you ●●ll, and digest them in form aforesaid, and circulate them thirty days by a frequent ascension ●●d descension of the matter, which is done in ●●e Circulatory in that space of time, so as every ●●e of the Elements is converted into a Quintessence; and when you perceive the Quintessence to swim above the other matter, than it is circulated enough; and thus you have th● way to extract the Quintessence of Chelidonia it follows now to declare the virtues thereof.  
The Element therefore of Water, or th● Phlegm, conduces to expel all diseases of the body whether hot or cold; for it temperates th● veins about the heart, and expels all poison therefrom; it cures all accidental diseases of th● Lungs, purifies the blood, and preserves the natural virtue of man from all corruption, an● abateth the malignity of any infirmity.  
The Element of fire is like Oil, and hath the● virtues; it confirms and preserves youth in i● strength and beauty, because it suffers not an● blood to putrify; it expels all salt Phlegm and Melancholy, and wonderfully takes awa● all Adust Choler.  
The Element of fire, the quantity of o● Grain thereof being taken and incorporate with good Wine, and applied to the Neck 〈◊〉 one that is sick, (nay a dying) hath this efficacy it recovers and restores again all the lost pow● and strength of the body; it penetrates un● the heart, and calefies it, and expels all poison and superfluous moisture from the heart: if yo● give a man a grain of this Oil, that is an Agony of death, it will immediately revive him, 〈◊〉 a miraculous manner (saith Lullyus.)  
There are also others who do likewise extract a Quint essence from Chelidonia after another manner; by taking the Herb, Roo● and Flower of Celandine, and weigh it, reserving the weight for its time, then cut it sma●● and infuse it in Fountain-water, then boil it till it is reduced to its former weight; this being done, beat it in a stone Mortar, and strain out the juice, take away the Feces, and boil the rest unto the thickness of Honey, and then the matter will be prepared to separate the four Elements one from another; which to do put it in a ●ucurbite, filling him half full, and lute an Alimbeck upon it the best way you can and distil it in Balneo Mariae with a gentle fire, so that the water may be separated from the matter.  
Then place the Distillatory in ashes, and another water will be separated from it, which is like oil; and when you see the oil swim on the top the third time, remove the receiver, and apply another to receive that Oil which is the fire: And thus you have the three Elements separated, viz. Water, Air, and Fire, and the Earthly substance remains in the bottom of the vessel, as it were a combust matter; now reserve every one of these Elements in a vessel by its self and when you would rectify any one of them to make it medicinal, distil the water seven times in an Alembick, and in every distillation wash the Cucurbite from its remaining Feces, and admix them with the earthly Element, and distil them in Balneo Mariae, and let the vessel wherein that water is reserved be well luted.  
After this manner you may also rectify the Air by a seplenary reiteration in ashes, always mixing the Feces with the Earth; so likewise may you temperate and rectify the fiery Element: and this is the third Oil, which must also be kept in a vessel close shut, and so mus● all the rest.  
The work being thus done and perfected, w● proceed to demonstrate and show the nature and virtues thereof. The virtue and quality of the watery substance, is to expel all venomous hea● from the Breast, and to mundify the Blood, to open all oppilations of the Lungs and Liver, to evacuate Phlegm, and superfluous humours.  
The Oil of the Air conserveses youth, strength, and beauty, suffers not the blood to putrify, no● Melancholy to rule, nor Choler to burn, no● Phlegm to abound in man's body; but increases the blood, and disperses it through all the members of the body; it is very penetrating.  
It is good also if any one be in danger of losing the sight of an Eye; drop a drop o● two thereof into the Eye every day, and in thirty days you shall see a wonderful effect.  
But the quality of the fiery Oil is of much more efficacy and virtue than the two other; it wonderfully preserves old men, and keeps back old age, calefies the blood, recreates the heart, preserves a man from death, and restores youth▪ And if it be taken with Aqua Sîliginis, it is said to be the Elixir of life,  
The earthly matter being rectified three times by dissolutions, coagulations, and calcinations, is a subtle salt of earth, with which all Metals may be transmitted into Stone, and wherewith all Spirits are fixed, having radical moisture. The manner of taking this Medicine is this; Take Ignis Chelidoniae gutta 3. Aqua Rosarum coclearia 3. sumantur stomacho jejuno. If the infirmity be cold, give it in Wine; if the party exceed twenty four years of age, give it in Aqua vitae; but in burning Fevers in no wise administer to the Patient.   

Chap. 17. To extract a Quintessence from Man's Blood, Eggs, Flesh, or the like.  
TO extract a Quintessence of humane blood, take the blood of a man of a sanguine Complexion, or Choleric, that is sound and healthy, of Middle-age, and one that drinks good Wine, when he is newly phlebotomized; and when the blood resides in the bottom of the vessel, separate the water from the blood, and labour it in a convenient vessel with its tenth part of common Salt, and labour them well together, and enclose it in a Pelican.  
Afterwards set it in a bed of Horse-dung, and Calx viva about five foot deep, and two foot broad, having one laying of the Calx and another of Dung, as before we have directed concerning digestion; and let it be fermented there one Moon, or thereabouts, according as the season is; and when you see the matter to be resolved into water, and the gross substance residing in the bottom of the Pelican to be separated quite from the water; then take it out of the dung, and put it in Balneo Mariae with an Alimbeck, and distil it with a gentle fire, as before is spoken of the Quintessence of Wine.  
And when you have performed the first distillation, mix it again with the Feces which remain in the Distillatory, and let it putrify again in the dung, until you see the pure to be separated from the impure, and the pure and subtle matter to swim above the Feces, And if the season be fair and clear, let it putrify a longer time than if it were cloudy or rainy weather. This being done, distil it again the second time, then mix it again with the Feces to digest, and then distil it, repeating this course four times over at least.  
After the fourth distillation, circulate it a long time in the same manner as you do the Quintessence of Wine, till it come to the perfection and purity of a Quintessence of humane blood, which hath a noble virtue to sustain humane nature in all infirmities, and free the body from all Diseases.  
Let this therefore suffice to have spoken concerning humane blood. If you would also extract a Quintessence from Flesh or Eggs, let the Flesh be finely and subtly minced, and then bray it in a Mortar with a tenth part of common Salt. In like manner let the Eggs be beat in a Mortar with alt till they be reduced into water; afterwards put them in a Cucurbite, and place thereupon a blind Alimbeck, and wor● in all things in digestion, fermentation, and distillation, as is directed touching human● blood.   

Chap. 18. To draw a Quintessence from Apples, Pears, and other fruits.  
IF you would draw a Quintessence from Apples, Prunes, Cherries, Chestnuts, or such kind of Fruits, first cut them small with a knife, then beat them in an earthen Mortar, and incorporate them well with the tenth part of common Salt, afterwards put them in a Cucurbite, and place thereupon a blind Alimbeck well luted, and set it in Horse-dung to putrify, as before is spoken concerning humane blood, and then the virtue and excellency of the Fruit cometh forth out of its essence, which lies occult in the matter; and when it is separated from its Feces, and gross matter, it is reduced to a certain immaterial and incorrupt matter deservedly, by Philosophers called the Quintessence of Fruits, and hath an hundred times greater virtue than it had before, when it was an Elementary Body.   

Chap. 19 To extract a Quintessence from Flowers, Herbs, and Roots.  
IF you would separate a Quintessence from the four qualities of Flowers, Herbs, and Roots, take them when they are at their full maturity, with their whole substance in a clear and serene season, the Moon increasing near the full; for then the Herbs are more free from corruption; and after you have cut them small, beat them in a Marble Mortar with the tenth part of salt, and impose in a circulatory.  
Let it ferment in Horse-dung a month, renewing the dung once a week, then at the month's end take it out of the dung, place upon it a blind Alimbeck, and distil it in Balneo Mariae, augmenting the fire to the third degree; then reserving the distilled water, take the feces, and pulverize them finely, afterwards pour the distilled water upon the feces, and again set on a blind Alembick, luting all well, distil them as at first in Balneo Mariae, abating the fire half a degree; Afterwards pulverize the feces again, and power on them the distilled water, let it digest again, and distil it the third time, and putrify it always abating the fire half a degree; decrease also the putrefaction half a degree always; see that in the second digestion it putrify one and twenty days, in the third fourteen days, and in the fourth eight, so that it is to be fermented four times.  
After the fourth distillation is performed, put it in a Circulatory, and bury it in Horse-dung, or in Balneo, making the fire in the first degree, or it may also be set in the Sun in Summer, and circulated there one month, or a little more, while the superfluous humidity of the four qualities is quite digested, consumed, and resolved in the Circulatory by frequent ascension and descension: and thus you have a Quintessence, wherein consists the greatest virtue of Herbs, Flowers and Roots.  
You may do it likewise after the same manner as Chelidonia, and it will be the stronger.   

Chap. 20. How to distil Vinegar and man's Urine wherein all calcined Metals may be resolved.  
WE have already declared that Sol may be dissolved in distilled Vinegar; we come now to describe the manner of distilling the Vinegar, for there is a great difference between the distillation of Aqua vitae and Vinegar; for in Aqua vitae the better substance is first distilled, but in Vinegar it is last: take therefore the best Vinegar you can get, put it in a Cucurbite and set thereon an Alimbeck, and distil it in ashes, or in sand, or in Balneo Mariae with a gentle fire until no more water will come forth; taste the water often upon your Tongue, if it be very sharp with a kind of ucerdacity or biting, than it is time to remove the receiver and put another in his place, which is to be well luted, and augment the fire a little; and when you see little white lines as it were little Clouds in the Alimbeck continue distilling until the spirits do arise; the Vapours whereof you shall see arise unto the top of the Cucurbite and pass out of the Alimbeck into the receiver; but when you see as it were drops of blood in the Limbeck, then apply another receiver, and let it distil until all that sanguine matter be come into the receiver; and this matter is very fetid, smelling of Combustion, and therefore is not fit to resolve Calcined Sol to make Aurum potabile, but good to tinge metals, because the fetor of the Combustion will adhere to the substance of the Sun, whereby the Aurum potabile will be corrupted.  
But if you would distil man's Urine, wherein leaves of Gold or Calcined Gold may be dissolved, from which, the Urine being so distilled, may be extracted a colour to make the Aurum potabile so much spoken of, which hath an excellent virtue against the Gout, the feet being twice or thrice in a day bathed therewith and let dry of themselves; it is good also for such as are Ptysical, and for many other diseases which for brevity's sake I omit.  
Take therefore the Urine of a man of a sanguine complexion, or a sound Choler; one that drinks good Wine, and is not above thirty five years of age, distil it four times by an Alimbeck in Balneo Mariae; afterwards circulate it in a pelican forty days, and reserve it for your use: others distil it oftener, and it is the better.   

Chap. 21. To make an Aqua vitae Composita for men of a cold Complexion or Region.  
HAving already discoursed at large of Aqua vitae Simplex, we now proceed to give you the way of preparing several compound waters, and first of such as ought to be administered unto men of a cold complexion, or unto such as labour under any disease proceeding from a cold cause; which is this.  
Take Zuiziberis albi, Cinamomi, Cubeb. Recent. Gari●ph. Nucis Muscati, Macis electi, Cardamomi, Zedoari, Galangae, Piperis longi, of each equal parts; bruise them grossly and to one part of these Species add six parts of simple Aqua vitae; put them in a long Cucurbite placing thereon a blind Alimbeck, and let it stand to digest fourteen days, afterwards distil in Balneo Mariae with a gentle fire; then put the feces again upon the distilled matter, and let it digest eight days more.  
It may also be distilled without an Alimbeck, but that way is not so good. And when it hath been distilled three times, the first water is called Aqua benedicta, the second Aqua vitae composita, and the third Aqua balsami.  
Some also add to the composition hereof Fol. salviae, Rutae, Castorei recentis, Corticis Citri, Baccarum lauri, Florum Lavendulae, Florum Rorismarini ana, two drams: these are all to be distilled with the aforesaid species, always adding to one part of species six parts of simple Aqua vitae.  
This water is good for all diseases of the head proceeding from phlegmatic humours, to be taken in the morning the quantity of two drams in one ounce of the best Wine.  
Some use to dip a crust of bread in this water, and others to anoint the head with this water, adding to half an ounce hereof, Betony water one ounce.  
But beware that you do not give this water in any disease or grief of the head proceeding from a hot cause, unless some cold Medicine be mixed therewith, which may temperate the heat of this water.  
This water doth strengthen the memory being drunk fasting, the quantity of half an ounce mixed with Rosemary water, and the hinder part of the head being anointed or washed therewith, and let dry of itself: it is good also against madness, if you cut off the hair of the head, and apply to the head clothes wet in this water mixed with water of Marjoram and Rosemary, you shall perceive a wonderful operation.  
It is also good for the Palsy being mixed with Sage-water, and the members often bathed therewith, and it being drunk upon an empty stomach with water of Lavander-flowers.  
It is good to take away all spots of the face, and all infirmities of the eyes.  
It hath a marvellous operation to take away all pains in the Teeth.  
A Comb being dipped herein, and the head combed therewith, it adorns the hair, and preserves them from becoming hairy; it cures all scabs in the head, recovers lost hearing, Bombast being dipped therein and applied to the Ear.  
Wounds being washed therewith it heals them wonderfully, and suffers no putrified flesh in a Wound.  
Being taken fasting, it is powerful against all Poison, against all Cankers, Fistula's, and the Dropsy, and the Stone in the Bladder; it helps Conception in a Woman being taken fasting, if the obstruction thereof proceed from a cold cause.  
Being drunk with Galangal, and Gentiana, and Bombast wet therein, and applied to the Matrix, provokes the Terms.  
If this Water be put upon Fish, Flesh, or any other Meats, they will not corrupt nor putrify, neither will flies blow thereon.  
If the body be fomented therewith, it is good against the Jaundice, and all trembling of the Members, and against all filthiness of the mouth and nose.  
A Cloth being dipped herein, and applied to the Stomach, wonderfully helps digestion.  
A Cloth wet therein, and applied to the Stomach, helps Convulsion fits. Let those who labour under the Iliack passion drink often thereof; it is good also against the Falling-sickness and the Hemerhodes.  
It is much praised by Albertus Magnus, for its wonderful operations in the Palsy.   

Chap. 22. An excellent Compound Water used by the Emperor Frederick the Third.  
TAke Aq. Vita simp. rectificat. four pound, vini oped. four pound, Cinamomi three ounces, Garioph. nucis moscatae ana. one ounce, Zuizib. albi one ounce and half, Macis half an ounce, Zedoariae half an ounce, Galangae 2. drams, Cubeb. His. an. half an ounce, Radicis benedictae 1. ounce, Salviae florum Lavendulae, an. half an ounce, Melissa iris Balsamithae an. one ounce, Rosarum albarum one ounce and half.  
Bruise all these, and put them in a great Cucurbite, which will hold fifteen or sixteen pound, adding Zachari albi three ounces, Passular ficuum pinguium, an. six ounces, Camphorae half an ounce, Aquar. Rosarum, Endiviae, florum Sambuci, an. two pound, put them altogether into the Cucurbite luting it well, and set it in the ●un twenty days, viz. ten days before Midsummer day, and ten days after.  
Then strain out the water, and distil it by an Alembick, and keep it in a dry place; it is a sovereign Cordial for a cold stomach, and wonderfully preserves the whose body in health. The Dose is the quantity of half a spoonful; but let it not be given to a Woman when she hath her Menstrue.   

Chap. 23. An excellent Compound Water against all Ulcers and Poison, etc.  
TAke Salviae twelve ounces, Nucis Muscat. Gariop. Zuizib. albi, Gran. Paradisi, Cinamomi an. four drams, Ol. Laurini one ounce, Castorei recentis one dram, Spinae Indicae, Rorismarini, an. half a dram, florum Rorismar. one dram, Folior Rutae one ounce, Fol. Majoranae one dram, Corticis Citri two drams.  
Let all these be new if you can get them, but if you have them not new, then take the old dried flowers, and pulverize them, and put to them the best white Wine you can get, than set them in a digestive to putrify a month. This digestion may be made in Balneo Mariae in the first degree of heat, afterwards distil it by an Alimbeck in Balneo Mariae, then add the water again to the Feces, and distil it in Balneo again twice over; afterwards distil it in ashes, and reserve the water carefully in a glass close stopped.  

The Virtues of this Water.  
ANy Meat wet in this Water retains an excellent sapour and odour.  
It is good against pestilentious airs, and expels the venom thereof out of the body; it cures all infirmities of the Eyes, and defects of the Sight.  
It marvellously cures Wounds, they being washed therewith, it drieth up all hidropical humours.  
It is good against all diseases of the Lungs, Spleen and Milt, of the intestines, and of the head; it takes away all spots out of the face, filth of the Mouth and Nose, mitigates the pain of the Teeth, procures good digestion, purifies the blood, and consumes corrupt blood, and wonderfully comforts and strengthens the memory.  
This water also preserves youth, makes a mix them together and make therewith a past● of the Bowl, let it dry, and powder it again, an● make passed thereof again with the same waters, repeating this over three times; and thu● you have the Bolearmonick prepared.    

Chap. 25. A precious water used by the Count Palatine.  
TAke Salviae recentis, one ounce and hal● Nucis moscatae, Macis, of each one ounce Zinzib. albi, one ounce and half, Gran. Par●disi six drams, Cinamomis one ounce and an hal● Zedoariae Galangae, an. half an ounce. Camphor● two drams, Rorismarini, sem. Feniculi of each one ounce and an half, Lavendulae, Marjoram Rute, of each one ounce, Florum Camomilae o● ounce, Matricariae two drams, Rosarum ru●m. 1. Betonicae one ounce, Abrotani four dram● Castorei recentis one dram, Spicae Indicae tw● drams Macro-piperis one ounce, Olei Laur● two drams, Aqua vitae one pound and an hal● Menthae & Menchastri, of each two drams.  
Powder what is to be powdered, cut tha● which is to be cut, and bruise those things which are to be bruised, and put them all in Cucurbite with a long neck; then pour there upon eight pounds of the best Wine, close u● the vessel, and bury it in the Earth thirty daye● then take it up and put it in another Cucurbit● placing thereon a Limbeck; and distil it in Ba●neo Mariae three times over, always putting the distilled water again upon the feces. A● 〈…〉 you come to distil it the fourth time, add a good quantity of Sage-leaves fresh gathered. And when it is so distilled reserve it for your use, the older it is the better it is; you may use it when you please; it hath innumerable virtues against all distempers and infirmities of the body.   

Chap. 26. A precious Compound Water of Life which may be used instead of a natural Balsam.  
TAke Trupentine purified and washed in the best white Wine twelve ounces. Honey also clarified with white Wine three pound, mix them altogether; then add of Aqua vitae well rectified four pound, put them in a Cucurbite, afterwards take the Herbs hereafter named, cut them small, and add them to the rest in the Cucurbite, let them stand so eight days; the vessel being well luted that it evaporate not, afterwards distil it in ashes with great diligence. The Herbs are these.  
Take Buglossae, Boraginis, Melissa, Salviae, Lavendulae, an. m. 1. Hissopi, Florum Camomilae, Card. Benedicti of each half a handful, Rorismarini, two handfuls, Artemisiae half a handful.  
When these things are distilled then add these things following well powdered, and set them to digest in horse-dung eight days, or in Balneo three days.  
The things which are to be added are these.  
Take Ligni Aloes, Xylobalsami, Santalorum trium, Calami Aromatici, Stichados Arabici, seminis Citri, sileris montani, Cimini of each one dram, Macis, Nucis muscatae, Cinamomi electi, Garioph. Galangae, Cubeb. Zinzib. albi, Macro-piperis, Croci orientalis, Gran. Paradisi, Cardamomi minoris, an. three drams, Coriandri praeparati, gran. Juniperi, Bacc. Lauri, an. half an ounce, Bistortae six drams, sem. Feniculi, Liqueritiae, Visci quercini, sem. Anisi, an. one ounce, Amigdal. mundalarum passularum recent. an. one pound.  
Take the glass or distillatory in which the matter is, and set it in ashes well luting of it, and make thereunto a gentle fire the space of four hours. And when you see a clear water pass forth into the receiver, take away that receiver and put thereto another, luting it well as before; and increase the fire until there distil forth a Cytrine Oil into the receiver, which reserve by itself.  
Thirdly, when you perceive a black Oil begin to appear, take away that receiver, and add another; in which receive the black oil till it be all distilled; which Oil keep by itself. The first water ought to be thus prepared, by putting into it Musk and Amber of each one dram, leaves of Gold one scruple.  
To comfort all the members of the body; Take of Malmsey Wine one ounce, add thereto a spoonful of the first water, mix them together till it turn white like Milk, drink it fasting, and fast two hours after it; it wonderfully comforts and fortifies the whole body.  
For pain in the head, take one spoonful of the said water in water of Betony; it comforts and strengthens the Lungs, being taken in Wintertime with Mulbery-water, or sage water; but in Summertime, take of Endive-water one ounce, and of this water one spoonful.  
For infirmities of the Breast, and a cold Cough proceeding from a Catarrh; take of Hyssop-water, borage, or Fennel-water, mix them with the aforesaid water.  
For the heart. Take Bugloss or borage water half an ounce, as much of the aforesaid water, and as much Balme-water; mix them and drink them fasting.  
For the Stomach. Give of this water in Mint or Wormwood-water.  
For the Spleen. Use the aforesaid water in water of Bugloss or Tamarisk.  
For the Vertigo and Palsy. Give the said water with Piony-water, or water of the Herb and Root of Saint Johns-wort.  
For the Stone in the Bladder. Take Rhadish water one ounce, and too spoonfuls of this water.  
For the Strangury. Take water of Cresces, Parsley, or Saxifrage one ounce, and one spoonful of this water.  
For overflowing of the terms. Take water of Plantain, and drink it morning and evening with one spoonful of this water.  
To provoke the terms. Take Mugwort-water, or Mugwort-seed, with one spoonful of this water; drink it about that time when the terms are expected.  
For Women who have received hurt by unskilful Midwives, or such as cannot conceive, by reason of the coldness of the matrix, let them take one spoonful of this water in the morning fasting, with water of Valerian, Betony, or Wild Roses.  
For the eyes. Take water of Fennel, and Eyebright, of each half an ounce, and of this water one dram, drink it as aforesaid.  
For Spots or Freckles of the face. Take water of Bean-Flowers, or Pimpernel-water one ounce, and of this first water half an ounce, mix them together, and wash the face therewith morning and evening, and drink of this water in Endive-water, twice or thrice a week.  
The second water which is Citrine, and the third which is like black Oil, is excellent good against Fistula's, Cancers, and other Wounds and Sores, and may be used instead of a Balsam.   

Chap. 27. An Aqua vitae Composita, Against the Vertigo of the Head, and the Palsy.  
TAke Salviae nine ounces, Florum Lavendulae four ounces, Hissopi, Menthae. an. m. 2. Garioph. Nucis Muscatae, Cinamomi, Zinzib. albi, Granorum Paradisi, Zedoariae, Galangae. an. half an ounce, Calami Aromataci one ounce, Cran. Juniperi one ounce, Granorun Peoniae, half an ounce, Vini albi eight pound▪ Digest them in horse-dung eight days or four days in Balneo Mariae, afterwards distil them in an Alembick, and reserve it for use in a glass close stopped; it hath a wonderful operation against the Palsy and Vertigo of the Head.   

Chap. 28. A Precious Water for the Head, Brain, and Memory, etc.  
THis following Water was found out by a learned Germane; it is an excellent and noble Water of Life, having many egregious operations to comfort and preserve the whole body from Diseases, especially the Head, Brain, and all the inward parts of the Head; to expel and dissolve all infirmities proceeding from coldness and moisture; to exhilerate the Instruments of the Soul, and quicken the five Senses; for it marvellously comforts the four pincipal Members, with the Reins and Intestines.  
It procures also the best digestion in the Stomach, gives great comfort to the outward Members by its only odour, by taking one part of this Water, and two parts of the Water of of Sage, Lavender, and Rosemary, mixed together, and wet a sponge therein, and foment the Members therewith morning and evening, and let it dry in of itself.  
Or if you drink three or four drops thereof in a glass of Wine, a little before dinner or supper, it comforts the Stomach.  
It is good also to comfort the Head; take of this Water one dram with half an ounce of Betony-Water, and drink it morning and evening, or dip a Crust of Bread in that Water, and eat it every morning fasting.  
For the Brain and Memory, take of this Water one dram, Waters of Rosemary and Marjoram, of each half an ounce, and use it in like manner as he last  
For the Breast, take of this Water one dram, Water of Hyssop and Maidenhair, each two drams, use it in like manner.  
For the Heart, take of this Water one dram, of Borage and Bugloss Water, each two drams, take it as the former.  
For the Stomach, take of this Water one dram, of Mint and Wormwood-water, each two drams, use it in manner aforesaid.  
For the Lungs, take of this Water one dram, add to it Cycory-Water one ounce, and use it as the former.  
For the Spleen, take of this Water one dram, Waters of Tamarisk and Scolopendrie, of each one ounce; use it in like manner.  
To comfort all the Members of the Body, use one part of this Water in four parts of Wine.  
The way to make this Water is thus; Take pull. Diamargarit. frigid, Diarrhodon Abbatis, species Diambrae, Dianthos, laetificans Galleni, an. two drams, Cassiae fistulae noviter extract. Zacchari candidi, an. half an ounce, Syrup. de Liqueritiâ one ounce, Syrup. Stechadoes half an ounce, florum R rismarini one dram, Moschi Alexandrini one scruple.  
Upon these Species pour two pound of simple Aqua vitae well rectified by a triple distillation in Balneg Mariae; distil them in Balneo Mariae with a gentle fire, so that you may tell six or seven between every drop: the Musk ought to be tied in a piece of Silk, and put into the vial with the distilled water, and is not to be distilled with the rest.  
Some putrify with the aforesaid Species, Bugloss-water one pound, Balm-water half a pound, Rosemary-water two ounces, and afterwards distil it in Balneo Mariae.   

Chap. 29. To make a Celestial Precious Water, called the Secret of Secrets.  
WE come now to declare unto you the Secret of Secrets, a most precious Water, called Celestial by the Philosophers, because of its heavenly operation: the way to make it is thus.  
Take Salviae cum floribus suis, Rorismarini, Darseni, Zinzib albi, Garioph. Nucis Muscatae, gran. Paradisi, Galangae, Calami Aromatici, Macro-pip. Zedoar. an. half an ounce, Macis, Cardamoni. Cubeb. fol. Rutae, fol. Majoranae, flor. Lavendulae, Ros. Rub. an. two drams, Theriac. Andromachi, Mithridat. an. a dram and a half, Ol. Laurini, court. Citri, florum Buglossae, Borraginis, Rorismarini, Angelicae, Rapentici, gran. Juniperi, Mentastri, Menthae, Matricariae, an. a dram and a half, Castorei verbeciae cum flor. suis, Betonicae, Ligni Aloes, Spicae Indicae, gran. Peoniae, seminis Feniculi, Ceori, an. half a dram, Ambrae, Moschi, an. half a scruple.  
Let all these things following be put to digest with Aqua vitae in Balneo Maria four days and as many nights, viz. Sage, Rosemary, Rue, Margerum, Lavender, Roses, Mithridate, Treacle, Oil of Bays, Bugloss, borage, Angelica, Rapontick, Juniper-berries, Mint, Calamint, Mother-wort, Vervain, Betony, Castoreum.  
And when they are putrified distil them in a Limbeck in ashes with a gentle fire, so that you may number one, two, three, between every drop: when these are distilled take the other things, viz. Cinnamon, Mace, Nutmegs, Grains of paradise, Galangal, Calamus, Aromat, Pepper, Zedory, Cubebs, Cardamomi, Lignum Aloes, Citron Pills, Spikenard, Piony-roots and seeds, Coriander prepared; pulverize all these grossly and put them into the distilled water, and let them digest together seven days, then distil them again by an Alimbeck in Balneo Mariae, afterwards add the Camphire, Rhubarb, Saffron, Amber, and Musk.  
If you would have the water yet better and more costly, add Pul. Diamargarit, Nicholai, Diapliris cum moscho, Nicholai Diarrhodon Abbatis, Diamoschi Mesnae, Spec. Diambrae, Letificans Galeni, pull. Dialigni Aloes, an. half a dram, add twenty leaves of Gold, white Sugar half a pound, let them stand three days in Balneo Mariae, keeping the water of the Bath warm, afterwards distil it by filter in glass Retorts; let one glass stand somewhat higher than the other, cut small forms of a filter, and hang therein, and by them the matter will be distilled; let the glass be well luted that no Air may evaporate: and this is the most excellent way of distillation of all others.  
There are some Physicians who to comfort the Stomach have invented a green water, which they use with the Aqua viae above prescribed, or with the Claret following.  
The green water is made on this manner.  
Take Aqua vitae four times distilled by an Alimbeck in Balneo Mariae, four pound, Balm dried three ounces, Balsamint two ounces, infuse the Herbs in the Aqua vitae eight days, and then use thereof.  
Note that the Herbs are not to be dried in the Sun, for then the water will be obscure, but in the shade; and the water will be of a fair green colour, and pleasant to the drinker.  
The Claret is made in this manner. Take of the best white Wine four pound, fine hard Sugar four ounces, Cinnamon one ounce, Coryander prepared three drams, Cloves two drams, Grains of Paradise and white Ginger, of each one dram and a half, black Pepper two scruples, Zedory half a dram.  
Make them all into powder, and afterwards use it as you make Hippocras. This some use to take with the Water before prescribed.  

The Virtues of this Water are these.  
IT is good for the memory, taking every day half an ounce mixed with Rosemary-water half an ounce, water of Marjoram and Balm, of each two drams.  
For madness or grief in the brain proceeding from cold, take of this water half an ounce, Betony-water two drams, dip a Linen cloth therein, and apply it to the head.  
For the Vertigo of the head take hereof half an ounce, water of Lavender and Sage, an. three drams, and take every morning fasting Diapliris cum moscho Nicholai.  
For deafness, drop of this water every morning and evening into the ear, and rest upon that ear that it may go out again. For Worms in the ears, take of this water half an ounce, Juice of Rue two drams; or if you cannot, get the Juice, take the distilled water thereof, adding a little Aloes Epatick subtly powdered. And of this distil a little into the ear morning and evening, lying upon the other side, and after a little time turn and lie upon that side where the Worms are, and they will come forth and die.  
For the eyes, take of the aforesaid water half an ounce, Fennel-water and water of Valerian, of each one dram, drop thereof into the eyes.  
For filth of the mouth or nose, give every day half an ounce thereof with white Wine, in which Mints and Roses have been boiled.  
For the Epilepsy, drink thereof every day half an ounce with Peony-water one ounce; or thus. Take the Root and seeds of Peony, Viscus Quercinus, of each equal parts, boil them in white Wine, and give them to the Patient with the said water.  
For the Palsy, foment all the members with this water, and drink thereof every morning one ounce.  
For lost speech, take of the said water half an ounce, waters of Lavender, Peony, Sage, of each two drams, drink it, and take of Mithridate one dram with Wine wherein Castoreum hath been boiled.  
Against Melancholy, take of the aforesaid water half an ounce, with the waters of Bugloss and Balm, each two drams, waters of Harts-tongue and borage, each one dram; mix them together, and drink it three hours before dinner.  
Against the Dropsy, take of the said water one part, water of Elder-flowers two parts, Fennel water three parts, mix them together, and take for a Dose half an ounce.  
For the Stone, take of this water one part, Saxifrage-water, Wintercherry-water, Aqua Millii solis, Rhadish-water, of each two parts.  
Against Sterrility, take of this water two drams; of white Wine, water of Rosemary, and Mother-wort, each two drams; drink it morning and evening, and twice or thrice in a week take Diamargarit sem. Avicenna.  
Many other excellent virtues hath this celestial water, which I omit here for brevity's sake, leaving them to manifest themselves by experience.    
FINIS.   

The Table to the several Treatises of the whole Book.  

The English Apothecary: The transcendent sufficiency of English Herbs, being fundamental Reasons.  
PRoving our Medicines to be most congruent with our bodies, and the great prejudice we daily receive by the use of foreign Drugs, as also by their sophistication: to which Fuchsius, Martino Rulandus, etc. agree. page 35  
The correcting of Scamony of its malignity. page 19  
Of Mechoaca and Opium, and the prejudice we receive thereby, unless well corrected page 21  
Of Rhubarb and its properties. page 24  
The inconveniency of drinking Wine, and that of Honey may be made a better and more wholesome drink. page 31  
Of Milk and its virtue's page 41  
The cure of Poisons by venomous beasts with Peniroyal, Treyfoil, etc. page 42  
The cure of the Prench-Pox, not only with Sarsaparilla, but with the essence of Primroses and Cowslips. page 43  
The rare virtue of Cinkfoyl, Worms, Wood-lice, or Sows, Lichenes, etc.  
For the cure of Tertian-Agues, Falling-sickness, Toothache, etc. page 44  
To cure the bitings of venomous beasts by the decoction of Frogs. page 44, 53  
To cure Cankers by the juice of Nightshade. page 49  
To cure the Leprosy with Plantain, and its virtue's page 50  
To cure the Falling-sickness with Misleto, Peony-root: a man's skull, etc. page 50  
The cure of Poisons in particular. page 51, 52  
The cure of the Pestilence. page 52  
The cure of hot diseases by contrariety. page 54  
The cure of cold diseases by contrariety ib.  
The cure of moist diseases. page 55  
The cure of dry diseases ib.  
Rules to be observed in cures. page 55, 56  
Of purgations, and their manner, both by vomit and stool. page 56  
Preparatives for the Humours before evacuation, etc. page 60  
The cure of Wounds and the broken Bones by Herbs, etc. page 61  
Of anodynes, Caustics, Emmolients, etc. page 62, 63  
The occult properties of sundry Herbs being appropriated to the Head, Heart, Liver, Spleen Stomach, Lungs, etc. ib.  
That the Brain is comforted by Herbs as well as by Spices. page 68  
The sovereign virtues of Carduus Benedictus, with its use or manner of taking it. page 71  
Of the sovereign virtues of Angelica, with its temperature and use. page 79  
A discourse showing what members of the body are governed by the twelve Signs page 82  
Of the members of the body and how they are governed by the seven Planets page 184  
A brief account of some simples appropriated to the Heart page 186  
The Surgeons guide, or the errors of unskilful Surgeons page 195  
The first error of their curing the Lues venerea, or French-Pox page 195  
The second error, when the disease cometh to suppuration page 198  
The third error is concerning Wounds in the Breast page 201  
4. Of their applications of Trepans, Terribelles for fractures of the head page 203  
5. Touching the punctures of Nerves page 204  
6. Of the abuse by Runners or Cutters of the Stone and Ruptures page 205  
Of the eight kinds of Hernies, or Ruptures page 207  
Of the Hernie Intestinale page 208  
Of the Hernie Zirbale page 209  
Of the relaxation of the Peretoneum, called Herni Inquinale page 210  
Of the kinds of Hernies, which be by similitudes, or improperly called page 211  
Of Hernie Verequose page 212  
Of the Herni Ventose's ib.  
Of the Hernie Humorale page 213  
Phlebotomy Displayed, or, perfect Rules for letting of Blood page 214  
With Physical cautions for Blood-letting page 219  
Urinal conjectures, or, brief observations upon the sick Patients stay, or water page 222  
Of Vomits page 225  
Of the Excrements page 226  
The Treasury of health, or Salves for every sore, with their cures page 227  
For the falling out of the Fundament page 229  
For the Liver page 231  
For the Dropsy page 231  
For the Spleen page 333  
For the Yellow-Jaundies page 235  
For the Stone page 236  
For the Strangury page 239  
For the Ulcers in the Yard page 241  
For the Diabetes page 242  
For the Swelling of the God's page 243  
For the Pleurisy page 244  
For to provoke the Terms page 244  
For to stop the Terms page 247  
For the Fits of the Mother page 248  
For the Swelling of the Breasts page 249  
For Childbirth page 251  
For the Gout page 453  
Foa the Fistula or Ulcer page 256  
For the Leprosy page 258  
For the Warts page 259  
For Thorns, Splinters, etc. page 260  
The expert Lapidary, or a Physical Treatise of the virtues of Stones page 265  
Of Jacinth and its virtues 265. The Saphir 264 Emerald ibid. The Ruby 265 Granat 266. Sardine ibid. Diamond 266 Amethyst 267. Bezoar ibid. Topaz 268. Snakes-Stone, ibid. Toads-stone, 269 Alectorius ibid. Jasper, 270 Nephriticus, ibid. Tiburones, 271 Bloodstone, ibid. Haematites, ibid. Sea-sand, 272 Whetstone, ibid. Aetites, ibid. Chelidonius, 274 Lincyrius, ibid. Amber, ibid. Lapis Lazuli, 275 Blatta Byzantia, 275 Pearls, ibid. Coral 276 Turkey-stone ibid.  
Doctor Diets Directory, or the Physicians Vade Mecum; being choice and safe Rules for health page 279  
Of Diet page 280  
The Diet to be used For sanguine persons page 281  
For Phlegmatic persons ibid.  
For Choleric persons page 282  
For Melancholy persons ibid.  
Of exercises, 283 Of sleep 284 Of Venery 285 Of bathing page 287  
A Diet for a Fever and an Ague page 288  
A ●●et to be used for the Colic and Stone 〈◊〉. For all sorts of Gouts 289 For the Leprosy 〈◊〉 For the Falling-sickness 290 For the Headache 291 For a Consumption. 292 For short breath. 293 For the Palsy, 294 For Madness. ib. For the Dropsy. 295 For Surfeits. page 295  
Of several sorts of drink. 297 Of Wine. 299 Of Ale 300 Of Beer. ib. Of Cider 301 Of Meed 301 Of Metheglin ib. Of Whey ib. Of Posset-Ale. 302 Of Coit. 302 Of Honey. 302 Of Bread. page 303  
Bread made of Misling and Rye page 303  
Of Broths in General page 305  
Of Firmity. ib. Of Pease and Bean-pottage. page 306  
Of Almond-milk, and Rice-pottage. ib. Alebrews, Caudles. 306 Honey-sops and other Broths. 306 Of Eggs. 306 Of Butter. 307 Of Cheese. 308 Of Milk. 309 Of Asses-Milk. ib, Of Cream. 310 Of Almond-Butter. ib.  
Of Fish. 311 Of Sea-Fish. ib. Of Saltfish. 312 Of Anchovies, ib. Of Codfish. ib. Of Cockles. 313 Of Conger. ib. Crabs. ib. Of Herrings. ib. Of Lobsters. 314 Ma●carels. ib. Maids. ib. Mussels. ib. Of Oysters. 315 Plaise. ib. Of Shads. ib. Of Shrimps. ib. Of Scate. 316 Of Soles. ibid. Of Sturgeon. ib. Of the Thornback. ib. Turbat. 317 Of Whiting. 217 Of Barbles. ib. Crabs. ib. Of Eels. 318 Of Flounder; Gudgeons, Lampreys ib. Muslets. 319 Of the Perch. ib. Of the Pike. ib. Roaches. 320 Of Salmond. 320. Smelts. ib. Of Trout. page 321  
Of Wild or Tame Fowl, and small Birds. 321 Of Tame Domestic Fowl. 321 Of Small Birds. ib.  
Of Beef. 322 Of Mutton. Of Lamb. ibid. Of Veal. 323 Of Pork. 223 Of Bacon. ib. Of Brawn. ib. Of Pigs. 324 Of Kids. ib. Of Wild beasts. 324 Of the Hare. 325 Of Rabbits. ib. Of the Head, Brain, Skin, Fins, Fat, Marrow, Tongues, Stones of Flesh or Fowl. page 325  
Of Roasted, Boiled, or Fried meats. page 326  
Of Roots, Plants, and Spices. The roots of borage and Bugloss. 327 Of Elizaunder and Enula-Campana. 327 Of Parsley and Fennel ib. Of Turnips and Parsnips. ib. Of Radishes and Carrots. 328 Of the Roots of Rapes, Onions, Leeks, Garlick. ib. Cabbage. 329 Of Asparagas. 329 Of Musk-melons. 329. Of Potata-roots, ib. Radishes ibid. Of Skirret Roots. 330 Of borage and Bugloss. 331 Of Artechokes and Rocket. ib. Of Endive and Succory. ib. of White Beets and Purslain. ib. Time and Parsley. ib. Of Lettuce and Sorrel. 332 Of Marigolds. ib. Of  and Hyssop. 333 Of Rosemary and Roses. ib. Of Fennel and Annis. ib. Of Sage ib. Violets. 334 Water-Cresses. ib. Of Tansey. Of Rue. ib. Of Wormwood. ib. Of Figs. 335 Of great Raisins. ib. Small Reasons. 336 Of Currans. ib. Of Grapes. Of Peaches. Of Meddlers. Of Services. 337 Strawberries, Cherries. ib. Nuts great and small. ib. Of Pease and Beans. ib. Of Pear● and Apples. ib. Of Pomegranates and Quinces 338 Of Dates and Melons. ib. Of Gourd● Cucumbers, etc. ib. Of Apricocks. Of Barberries. ib. Of Citrons and Lemons. 339. Of Mulberries and Raspis. ib. Of Goose-berrie ib. Of Prunes and Damsins. 340 Of Olives and Capers. ib.  
Of Spices. Ginger. Of Pepper. Of Cloves. Of Mace. 341 Nutmegs, Cinnamon, Liquoris. ib. Of Salt. Of Sugar. 342  
Doctor Reason and Doctor Experience consulted with, or the mystery of the skill of Physic made easy. 343  
Of the Apoplexy. ib. Of the Mother. 346. Of Melancholy. ib. Of Black Choler. 347. Of the overflowing of the monthly Terms. 348 Of the suppression of the Terms. 349 Of the obstruction of the Liver. 350 Of the Hicket. 351 Of the Stone 352 Of the Hearing. ib. Of Madness. 353 Of the shortness of Breath. 354 Of the Plague. 355. Of Catarracta, or Suffusion. 357 Of the French-pox. ib. Of the weakness of the Stomach. 359 Of the Squinancy. 360 Of involuntary pissing. 361 Of the inflammation of the Eyes. ib. Of the Nightmare, 363 Of Convulsions. ib. Of Choler. 265 Of Headache. 366 Of the Cough. 367 Of the Flux of the Belly and its cure. 368  
Chemical Institutions, Describing Nature's choicest Secrets in experienced Chemical Practices, showing the several degrees of progression in the Physical Cabinet of that Art. page 405  
Of Vinegar of Squills page 405  
Of Elixir vitae page 406  
Aqua Mirabilis page 408  
A precious water page 409  
An apprehension worth experience page 410  
A wonderful Balsam page 411  
A Balsam for the Stone page 412  
A Balsam for the Palsy page 413  
Of the Quintessence of every simple matter page 413  
Of the Quintessence of Wine to be extracted by a distillatory page 417  
How a Rude matter ought to be putrified and made fit for distillation page 420  
How to know whether Wine digested in a Circulatory be fit for Distillation page 425  
How to distil by way of Circulation page 426  
How to extract the Quintessence without labour or cost page 427  
An easy way to extract a Quintessence without fire page 430  
To extract the Quintessence of Celandine page 430  
To extract a Quintessence from Man's Blood, Eggs, Flesh, or the like page 437  
To draw a Quintessence from Apples, Pears, and other Fruits page 4●9  
To extract a Quintessence from Flowers, Herbs, and Roots page 439  
How to distil Vinegar and Man's Urine, wherein all Calcined Metals may be resolved page 441  
To make an Aqua vitae Composita for men of a cold complexion or Region page 442  
An excellent Compound water used by the Emperor Frederick the Third page 445  
An excellent Compound water against all Ulcers, Poisons, etc. page 446  
The virtues of the same water page 449  
An excellent Compound water for the Plague page 448  
A precious water used by the Count Palatine page 450  
A precious compound water of Life, which may be used instead of a natural Balsam page 451  
Aqua vitae Composita against the Vertigo of the Head and the Palsy page 454  
A precious water for the Head, Brain, and Memory page 455  
To make a celestial precious water, called the Secret of Secrets page 457  
The virtues of the same water page 459    

A Table of Diseases contained in this Book, with their several Cures.  

A  
APoplexy 346  
Agues 73, 75, 78, 80, 98, 100, 177, 179, 181, 188  
Aposthumes 73, 144  
Aches 88 101, 105, 139, 148, 149, 166  
Afterbirth 120, 122, 123, 170, 171  
Agues Quartane 75, 91, 111, 122   

B  
BRain comforteth 71, 97, 111, 187  
Bleeding stoppeth 72, 90, 92, 96, 101, 102, 142, 143, 162, 168, 169, 180, 383,  
Breathing helpeth 72, 73, 192, 354  
Breath stinking 72  
Belly pained 74, 75, 81  
Bruises 74, 94, 150, 163, 180  
Burning 74 120, 141, 180  
Biting of venomous Beasts 82, 156, 188, 189, 192  
Bitings of Mad Dogs 83, 154, 155, 174  
Burns in the Eyes 92  
Bloody Flux 98, 104, 115, 133, 134, 269, 173, 179, 181, 187, 189,  
knesses 100  
Back pained 111, 188  
Bladder 118  
Bewitched 118, 149  
Barrenness 120  
Bones broken ib.  
Birth and Afterbirth 120, 122, 123, 170, 171  
Blood spitting 169, 30●,  
Blood pissing 170  
Blood cooleth 180  
Blood clarifieth 190  
●east swelled 240   

C  
COngelation 391  
Consumption 73, 166  
Colic 73, 91, 93, 95, 112, 118, 128, 129, 130, 191, 28  
Carbuncles 74, 107  
Cuts and Wounds (heal without pain) 74, 75  
Cramps ●2, 141  
Cold 100, 191  
Cough 127, 165, 166, ●●7  
Chin-cough ●46  
Children to speak quickly 147  
Convulsions 150, 163, 172, 363  
Childbirth 25●  
Cod swollen 174, 24●  
Choler 176, 177, 178, 187, 347, 3●●  
Cooleth 17●   

D  
DEafness 71, 1ST, 168  
Dropsy 73, 93, 106, 107, 10●, 100LS, 117, 177, 178, 179, 192, 231, 39●.  
Diabetes 89 107, 132, 242, 161  
Digestion helpeth 99, 146   

E  
Turns 171, 176, 361   

F  
FAlling-sickness 73, 75, 94. 97, 10● 108, 113, 153, 172, 178, 179, 384  
French-pox 75, 357  
Felons 90, 144, 159  
Freckles 91, 95, 121, 168  
Phlegm 176  
Fl●●● 177, 179, 188, 189, 168  
Fistula 96, 256  
F●●ness 98  
Fe●●ors 98  
Frenzy 393   

G  
GReen-sickness 73, 176  
Gout 82, 88, 93, 94, 96, 97, 102, 103, 107, 110, 116, 123, 139, 140, 141, 187, 188, 253, 389  
Gr●● 105, 171  
G●●●●der burning 142  
Go●●●● 167  
Gall●●● 180   

H  
HEad-ache 71, 76, 87, 103, 104, 108, 110, 119, 123, 164, 178, 36●,  
Heart comforteth 73, 177, 178, 187, 188  
Hard labour 81, 89, 100, 101, 114, 122, 170, 180, 189  
Hair taketh away 90, 112  
Hoarseness 90, 164, 189  
●●ad purgeth 109, 110  
●air to grow 112  
Humours 146, 188, 190  
Head Scabby 17●  
Hicket 35●  
Hearing 35●   

I  
INfectious air 8●, 8●  
Increase Milk in Nurses 87, 18●  
Itch 152, 153, 1ST  
Jaundice black 94, 109, 124, 1ST  
Joints lame 99, 102, 122, 17●  
Imposthumes 108, 144, 145, 176  
Jaundice yellow 116, 124, 125, 126 190, ●35, 37●   

K  
KIngs-evil 95, 10●, 28  
canker 74  
Kibes 1●5, 166   

L  
LEthargy 373  
Liver strengtheneth 73, 190, 231, 379  
Lungs and their obstructions 73, 127, 128, 177, 178, 179, 187, 197, 192  
Lice 109  
Looseneth 103, 112, 133, 137  
Looseness 1ST  
Lunatic 177, 3●●  
Liver 188  
Leanness 180  
Lust 191  
Leprosy 258   

M  
moth 97  
Megrim 71  
Memory strengthens 76, 98, 99  
Mother fits 110, 161, 248  
Measles 163  
Miscarrage 165  
Melancholy 178, 188, 190, 346  
Madness 119  
Morphew 143  
Murrain 145  
Madness 353, 393  
Mirth 190, 191   

N  
Nightmare 363   

O  
OBstructions opens 35, 190, 191, 351   

P  
PLague 72, 74, 75, 78, 80, 89, 97, 104, 157, 162, 176, 177, 178, 179, 18●, 187, 188, 35●  
Poison 75, 78, 82, 97, 187, 191, 192  
Palsy 73, 92, 121, 143, 144, 376, 314  
Pleurisy 88, 126, 127, 166, 191, 244, 28  
Purgeth 17●  
Pains in the Bladder 9●  
Pains 103, 105, 113, 13●, 191  
Passions 105, 18●  
Priapismus ●18  
Piles 137, 138, 350  
Pimples 19●   

R  
RVptures 9●  
Rheum 94, 107, 108, 117, ●●● 171, 189, 190, ●86  
Redness of the Face 91  
Ringworms and Tetters 102, 117, 155, 172, 176, 180, 181, 190  
Reins 120, 167, 173, 188, 189   

S  
Sighed 71, 100, 106, 113, 114, 115, 161  
Stomach strengtheneth 72, 96, 99, 187, 189, 359, 388  
Stitch in the sides 73, 94, 163, 190  
Stone 74, 75, 93, 96, 101, 102, 103, 104, 112, 113, 118, 120, 121, 134, 135, 136, 177, 178, 179, 189, 191, 236, 352, 412  
Sweat 〈◊〉 74  
Sores 74, 76, 96, 108, 116, 151, 157, 177, 179, 181  
〈◊〉 74, 111, 139, 145, 146, 151, 168, 172  
〈…〉 114, 116, 129, 160, 191, 239  
〈◊〉 88, 112, 191, 233, 372  
Sauin●●●● 90, 103, 360  
●welli●g of the Throat 91, 103  
S●linters draws forth 92, 93, 260  
S●a●●●ring 147  
Senses lost 161  
Small po●e 163, 175, 187  
Surfeits 171  
〈◊〉 177, 179  
〈◊〉 provokes 181  
〈◊〉 100  
〈◊〉 96, 109  
〈…〉 102, 178  
〈…〉 106  
〈…〉 109, 111, 157  
Swelling 121  
Sick live or die 113, 118, 119  
Scalding 124, 142, 164, 178, 1ST  
Sciatica 137, 1ST  
Swooning 371   

T  
TYsick 73, 160, 192  
Teeth 72, 82, 88, 99, 117, 12● 121, 179, 19●  
Teeth white 90  
Terms provoke 119, 159, 244  
Thirst quencheth 147  
Terms stop 2●●●●8   

V  
VErtigo 71, 7●, 37●  
Urine provoketh 74, 7●  
Vomiting 10●  
Voice lost 〈◊〉  
Ulcers 75, 241, 2●●   

W  
WIt quickeneth 〈…〉  
Wind 81, 101, 162, 1ST 179, 〈◊〉  
Worms killeth 75, 104, 130, 131, 1ST 179, 187, 192, 35●  
Wen 88, 155  
Wounds 88, 89, 114, 123, 136, 143, 148, 152, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 187, 188  
Web in the Eye 92, 117, 148  
women's Breasts 113, 120, 167  
Warts 114, 115, 122, 192, 259  
Womb 119, 173, 187   
FINIS.   

Courteous Reader, These Books following, with many others, are Printed for Nath. Brook, and are to be sold at his Shop, at the Angel in Cornhill.  
Excellent and approved Treatises in Physic, Chirurgery, etc.  
CVlpeper's Semiatioa Vranica, his Astrological Judgement of Diseases from the decumbiture of the sick, much enlarged: the manner of finding out the cause, change, and end of the Disease; also whether the sick be likely to live or die, and when the Recovery or Death is to be expected, according to the judgement of Hypocrates and Hermes Trismegistus: to which is added M. Culpepers' Censure of Urines.  
The expert Doctors Dispensatory: the whole Art of Physic restored to practice: the Apothecary's Shop, and Surgeons Closet opened; with a Survey, as also a Correction of most Dispensatories now extant; with a Judicious Censure of their Defects, and a Supply of what they are deficient in: together with a learned account of the virtues and quantities, and uses of Simples and Compounds; with the Symptoms of Diseases; as also prescriptions for their several Cures: by that renowned P. Morellus, Physician to the King of France; a Work for the order, usefulness and plainness of the Method, not to be paralleled by any Dispensatory, in what language soever.  
Nature's secrets, or the admirable and wonderful History of the generation of Meteors; describing the temperatures of the Elements, the heights, magnitudes, and influences of Stars, the causes of Comets, Earthquakes. Deluges, Epidemical Diseases, and Prodiges of Precedent times; with Presages of the weather: and descriptions of the weatherglass: by T. Wilsford.  
The Mysteries of Love and Eloquence: or the Arts of Wooing and Complementing; as they are managed in the Spring Garden, Hyde-park, and New Exchange, and other eminent places. A work, in which are drawn to the life the Deportments of the most accomplished persons; the Mode of their Courtly Entertainments, Treatment of their Ladies at Balls, their accustomed Sports, Drolls, and Fancies; the Witchcrafts of their persuasive Langue, in their Approaches, or other more Secret Dispatches etc. by E. P.  
Helmont disguised; or the vulgar error of emperical and unskilful Practisers of Physics confuted; more especially as they concern the Cures of Fevers, the Stone, the Plague, and some other Diseases by way of Dialogue, 〈◊〉 which the chief Rareties of Physic are admirably discoursed of, by J. T.   

Books very lately printed, and in the Press now printing.  
THe Scales of Commerce and Trade: by T. Wilsford.  
2. Geometry demonstrated by Lines and Numbers; from thence Astronomy, Cosmography, and Navigation proved and delineated by the Doctrine of Plain and Spherical Triangles: by T. Wilsford.  
3. The English Annals, from the invasion made by Julius Caesar to these times: by T. Wilsford.  
4. The Fool transformed: a Comedy.  
5. The History of Lewis the eleventh, King of France: a Tragicomedy.  
6. The Chaste Woman against her will: A Comedy.  
7. The Tooth-drawer; A Comedy.  
8. Honour in the end: A Comedy.  
9 Tell Tall; A Comedy.  
10. The History of Donquixiot, or the Knight of the ill-favoured face; A Comedy.  
11. The fair Spanish Captive; A Tragicomedy.  
12. Sir Kenelm Digby, and other persons of Honour, their rare and incomparable secrets of Physic, Chirurgery, Cookery, Preserving, Conserving, Canding, Distilling of Waters, extraction of Oils, compounding of the costliest Perfumes, with other admirable Inventions, and select Experiments, as they offered themselves to their Observations, whether here, or in Foreign Countries.  
13. The Saint's Tombstone, or the Remains of the Blessed. A narrative of some remarkable Passages, in the holy Life, and happy Death of Mrs. Dorothy Shaw, Wife of John Shaw, Preacher of the Gospel at Kingston upon Hull: collected by her dearest friends, especially for her sorrowful Husband and six Daughter's consolation and invitation.  
14. The Accomplished Cook, the Mystery of the whole Art of Cookery, revealed in a more easy and perfect Method, then hath been published in any Language: expert and ready ways for the dressing of Flesh, Fowl, and Fish, the raising of Pastes, and directions for all manner of Kickshaws, and the most poignant Sauces, with the terms of Carving and Sewing: the Bills of Fare, an exact account of all Dishes for the Season, with other A la mode Curiosities; together with the lively Illustrations of such necessary Figures, as are referred to practice: approved by many years' experience, and careful industry of 〈◊〉 May, in the time of his attendance of so 〈◊〉 ●ersons of Honor.  
1●. The exquisite Letters of Mr. Robert Love-day, the late admired Translator of the Volumes of the famed Romance Cleopatra, for the perpetuating his Memory, published by his dear Brother, Mr. A. L.  
16. The so long expected Work, the New World of English Words; or a General Dictionary, containing the Terms, Etymologies, Definitions, and perfect Interpretations of the proper Significations of hard English Words, throughout the Arts and Sciences, Liberal, or Mechanic; as also other subjects that are useful, or appertain to the Language of our Nation; to which is added the signification of Proper Names, Mythology, and Poetical Fictions, Historical Relations, Geographical Descriptions of the Countries and Cities of the World; especially of these three Nations, wherein their chiefest Antiquities, Battles, and other most memorable Passages are mentioned. A Work very necessary for Strangers, as well as our own Countrymen, for 〈◊〉 persons that would rightly understand what they discourse, writ, or read. Collected and published by E. P. for the greater honour of those learned Gentlemen and Artists that have been assistant in the most Practical Sciences, their Names are prefixed before the Book.  
17. The so much desired, and deeply learned Commentary, on Psalm the fifteenth, by that Reverend and Eminent Divine, Mr. Christopher Cartwright, Minister of the Gospel in York, to which is prefixed a brief account to the Author's life, and of his work, by R. Bolton.  
18. The way to Bliss, in three Books, being a learned Treatise of the Philosopher's Stone, made public by Elias Ashmole Esq;  
19 Wit restored in several Select Poems, not formerly published; by Sir John Mennis, Mr. Smith, and others.  
20. The Judges Charge, delivered in a Sermon before Mr. Justice Hall, and Mr. Serjeant Cook, Judges of the Assize, at St. Mary Oueris in Southwark, by R. Purre, M. A. Pastor of Camerwel, in the Country of Surrey; a Sermon worthy of the perusual of all such persons, as endeavour to be honest and just Practitioners in the Law.  
21. The Modern Assurancer, the Clerk's Directory, containing the Practic part of the Law, in the exact Forms and Draughts of all manner of Precedents for Bargains, and Seals, Grants, Feoffements, Bonds, Bills. Conditions, Covenants, Jointures, Indentures; to lead the use of Fines, and Recoveries, with good Provisoes, and Covenants to stand seized, Charter parties for Ships, Leases, Releases, Surrenders, etc. And all other Instruments and Assurances now in use, intended for all young Students and Practisers of the Law, by John Hern.  
22. Moor's Arithmetic, the second Edition much refined and diligently cleared from the former mistakes of the Press. A work containing the whole Art of Arithmetic, as well in Numbers, as Species. Together with many Additions by the Author, to come forth at Michaelmas Term.  
Likewise,  
23. Exercitatio Elleiptica Nova, or a new Mathematical Contemplation on the Oval Figure, called an Elleipsis; together with the two first Books of Mydorgius his conics Analized and made so plain, that the Doctrine of the Conical Sections may be easily understood: a Work much desired, and never before published in the English Tongue; by Ionas Moor, Surveyor General of the great Level of the Fens.  
24. The Joys of Heaven, the Saints support in God's promises on Earth, Christ's Sermons on the Beatitudes. An Exposition of the fifth Chapter of St. Matthew, delivered in several Sermons by Mr. Jeremiah Borroughs, the last Sermons he preached a little before his Death, at St. Giles Cripplegate, London.  
25. Naps upon Parnassus. A sleepy Muse nipped and pinched, though not awakened. Such voluntary and Jovial Copies of Verses as were lately received from some of the WITS of the Universities, in a Frolic; dedicated to Gondibert's Mistress, by Captain Jones and others. Whereunto is added for Demonstration of the Author's prosaic Excellencies, his Epistle to one of the Universities, with the Answer; together with two Satirical Characters of his own, of a Temporizer, and an Antiquary, with Marginal Notes by a friend to the Reader.  
26. The complete Midwife's Practice, in high and weighty Concernments of Mankind: the second Edition corrected, with a full Supply of such most useful and admirable Secrets which Mr. Nicholas Culpeper in his brief Treatise, and other English Writers in the Art of Midwifery, have hitherto wilfully passed by, kept close to themselves, or wholly omitted: by T. Chamberlain, M. P.  
27. A Manuel, or Miscellany, of Meditations Apothegm 〈◊〉 Sentences, Precepts, Observations, Characters and Essays, by R. R.  
28. America Painted to the Life, the History of the Conquest, and first Original undertake of the advancement of the Plantations in those Parts, with an exquisite Map, by F. Gorges, Esquire.  
29. The School of Physic, or the General Experimental Practice of the whole Art; so reduced, either into Aphorisms, or choice and tried Receipts, that the freeborn Students of the three Kingdoms, may in this Method, find perfect ways for the operation of such Medicines, so Astrologically and Physically prescribed, as that they may themselves be competent judges of the cures of their Patients, by Nicholas Culpeper. To this exquisite Work, the Narrative of the Author's life is prefixed; together with his Nativity, Calculated by himself: Published with the acknowledgement and approbabation of his Late Wife, Mistress Alice Culpeper.  
30. Blagrave's admirable Ephemeris for the Year 1659.  
31. The Ascents of Mose in Parallels with his late Serene Highness, Oliver Lord Protector, now in the Press.  
32. I Cleaveland Revived: Poems, Orations, Epistles, and other of his Genuine Incompara●●● 〈◊〉 never before Published. With some 〈…〉 ●uisite Remains of the most eminent 〈…〉 both the Universities, that were his 〈◊〉 ●poraries.  
FINIS.