A DESCRIPTION OF Candia, In its Ancient & Modern State: With an Account of the Siege thereof, Begun by the Ottoman Emperor, in the year 1666, continued in 1667 and 1668, and surrendered the latter end of 1669.  
The most part Collected from private Letters, during the Siege, sent by one in the service of the Republic.  
Licenced, Jan. 4. 1669/ 70.  
LONDON: Printed by J. C. for William Crook, at the Green-Dragon without Temple-bar. 1670.   

To the Reader.  
Courteous Reader,  
I should not have attempted to trouble you with this Preface, were it not to comply with the Mode of the Times, and partly to fill up a vacant page. This Treatise wherewith I present you, is a Collection methodised and reduced to Form and Order for the Readers advantage; containing an exact description of Crete, known now by the general name of Candia; with a Relation of the various names of the Place, according to the diversity of Masters it hath been subject unto; and the Situation thereof; the fertility and commodity of the Soil; the Nature of the Inhabitants, and their Ancient and Modern both Civil and Ecclesiastical Government; together with an account of the Original (though pretended) Cause of the Siege; and the Transactions, and Military Exploits in the year 1666, when this last Siege first began; which was continued in 1667 and 1668, and surrendered to the Turk in 1669. All that I shall add is only this, that here you will find both variety to divert, and verity to satisfy you; so that I presume there will be no cause for any person to repent of his pains, in the perusal of this Compendious Relation, which hath been so long and so earnestly desired by all parties to be seen in public.   

A DESCRIPTION OF Candia.  
IT were altogether inconsistent with the truth of our intended Description of Candia, and would swell it to a larger Volume than is designed, to acquaint you with the various Poetical Fictions and Fabulous Stories of Doting Antiquity, concerning the same; as, that it was the Kingdom of Saturn in the Infancy of the World; the Birth-place and Nursery of his Son Jupiter; the Seat and Residence of Minas, and Rhadamanthus, whose Laws were afterwards imitated in the Prime Cities of Greece; and the abode of the lustful Pasiphae; as also, that here was the so much, celebrated Labyrinth made by Daedalus for the enclosing and securing the Minotaur: nor must it be forgotten, saith that Learned Knight, 
Sir W. Raleighs History of the World.  that Strabo the Geographer, who flourished in the time of Tiberius Caesar, was of Cretan Parents (though born in the City of Amasia in the Realm of Pontus) which adds unto this Island as much true renown, as any of the Fictions or Stories (be they what they will) of former times. Therefore we shall only glance upon them where the nature of the Subject requires it, and endeavour to give you an exact compendious account of the Names and Situation of the Place, the fertility and Commodities of the Soil; the nature of the Inhabitants, and their Ancient as well as Modern Civil and Ecclesiastical Government: and so proceed to the original cause of the Siege, and the transactions in 1666, 1667, 1668, and part of 1669 till its surrender.  
Candia hath in several Ages, and in several Authors, obtained several names (as Sir Walter Raleigh hath observed.) By Homer and Eustathius it is called Hecatompolis, from the number of one hundred Cities it then contained; but in process of time, and by the devastation of War, they are all so destroyed, that the ruins of them are hardly visible. By Pliny and Solinus, Macaros, and Macaroneses, the happy or fortunate Island, from the goodness of the Soil and temper of the Air. By Stephanus, Idaea, from Ida a famous Mountain there. By Giraldus, Telchinia, from the Telchini Priests of Cybele (the Wife of Saturn, and Mother of the Gods) who was the principal Goddess of this Island. The general Name which hath prevailed most in all Writers, is that of Crete, called Creta, quasi Cureta, by the Figure Syncope, from the Curetes the Inhabitants hereof, and Priests of Cybele, so called, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, from their tonsure or shaving of the head: and this seems the best Etymology; though some derive it from Cretes the Son of Jupiter, and others from Crete the Daughter of Hesperus. At present it is known by the name of Candia, either à Candore from the whiteness of the Rocks which encompass it, or from Candia the Metropolis thereof.  
Candia is an Island, and according to Cluverius in his Geography, the largest of all the Isles that are adjacent to Greece; being, as Munster and our late Cosmographers write, in length 270, in breadth 50, and encompass 590 Miles; and situated in the Mediterranean, at so equal, a distance from Europe, Asia and Africa, according to Sir Walter Raleigh, as if it were naturally designed to be what Aristotle calls it, The Lady and Mistress of the Sea; for it is distant from Peloponnesus, now called Morea, one hundred Miles; as many from Asia minor, and not above one hundred and fifty from the shore of Africa; verifying that of Virgil: Creta Jovis magni medio jacet insula Ponto. 
Jove's Birth-place Crete, a fruitful Land,  
I'th' middle of the Sea doth stand.   
As to the Heavenly Bodies, it is situated under the beginning of the fourth Climate, so that the longest day in a manner is but fourteen hours and a quarter. It hath on the East the Carpathian, on the West the Ionian, on the North the Aegean, and on the South the African or Lybian Sea. In form it extends East and West with three Promontories; that towards the East, called anciently Samonium, is now Capo di Salomone; that on the South-West looking towards Africa, formerly Hermaea, is now nameed Capo Gabrasse; and that on the North-West towards Peloponnesus, of old called Cunarus, is now Capo Chestin; this last being opposite to Malta a Promontory of Laconia.  
The Soil is very fruitful, especially of those Wines which we call Muscadels, of which according to Sir Walter Raleigh they transport yearly twelve thousand Butts: this Wine Munster calls Vinum Malviticum, so named from the Mountain Malva; he saith it abounds herewith, and hath store of Cypress-Trees. There is also plenty of Gums, Honey, Sugar, Olives, Dates, Apples, Oranges, Lemons, Raisins, Melons, Citrons and Pomegranates.  
There are many other things at present worthy observation. First, that this Island breeds no Serpent, Venomous, Ravenous, or hurtful Creature; so that their Flocks graze securely without a Shepherd. Secondly, if a Woman bites a man shrewdly, it is not cured without difficulty; which if true, saith the Noble Knight, than the last part of the forementioned privilege, that it breeds no hurtful Creature, must be false. Thirdly, they have an Herb called Alinios', which if chewed in the mouth will keep a man from hunger that day. Fourthly, here is besides many other Physical herbs, that called Dictamnum or Dictamnus, an excellent Antidote against Poison; which is only peculiar to this Island. It affords also great store of Laudanum, a Juice or Gum forced with incredible labour out of a Tree called Cistus, wherewith the Mountains abound: 'tis a soporiferous Medicine, good to create Sheep, if prescribed according to art.  
The chiefest Mountain of note is Ida, now Psiloriti, situate in the midst of the Island: here Jupiter is fabled to be privately nursed, and from hence he is called Idaeus.  
Rivers of eminency they have few or none; the principal are Nilopotamus, Scasinus, Epicidnus and Vivotro, towards the North; Populiar towards the East, and Liniens towards the West; but none of them are Navigable. The Island is very populous, insomuch that it is thought the Signiory of Venice upon a sudden occasion can raise in it sixty thousand men able to bear Arms.  
As to the Nature of the people, they have always had the repute of able Mariners; they being situated in the midst of the Sea, having very commodious Harbours and a Fish-trade; so that when in those times they would tax any person for relating an incredible story, they used to say, Cretensis nescit pelagus; meaning thereby, that the thing was as improbable, as for one of Crete to be no Sailer: yet this Virtue or Qualification of theirs was stained with many notorious Vices, which they yet retain among them, as Malice, Envy and Lying; to which last they are so addicted, that it grew proverbial to call a horrid Lie Cretense mendacium; and this fault the Poet Epimenides did reprove in them (who was Native of this Island) cited by St. Paul to Titus, Ch. 1. V 12.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 
The Cretans always liars are,  
Unruly Beasts, of labour spare.  
To which may be added the Latin Proverb, Cretizare cum Cretensibus, To deceive the Deceiver, or to be false in word and deed: as also, that of the Greeks, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, i. e. there are three Nations whose names begin with the Greek letter K worse than any other, viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the Cappadocians, Cretans and Cilicians; though some apply it to the Cities of Corinth, Capua and Carthage, beginning all with the same letter in that Language; all which were conceived very dangerous to the State of Rome. Nor are the Candians at this day less sick of their old Distemper; for they are as great liars, and as idle as ever they were formerly, and avaricious withal, being very impatient of labour, not caring to attain any Science perfectly; only they are good Archers, being accustomed to shooting from their youth, and herein thought more dexterous and expert than the Turks themselves.  
As to their Civil Government, according to Cluverius and Munster, it was first Monarchical; they being governed by Kings till Q. Metellus did reduce the Isle (under his power) into a Province; and it remained under the Roman and Constantinopolitan Emperors, until the Saracens did overrun it with the rest of Greece: but Baldwinus Earl of Flanders, and Emperor of Constantinople, did confer it upon Boniface Marquis of Montferrat; from whom it was purchased by the Venetians, Anno 1144, at a vast rate, and continued ever since under the Signiory of Venice, under the name of Candia, till in the year 1669 it was surrendered to the Turk.  
As to their Ecclesiastical Polity, they were first converted to the Christian Faith by St. Paul; who having planted the Gospel there, left the watering of it to Titus, who by him was Consecrated Bishop of this Isle, recompending the Churches therein to his care, with power of Ordination and Ecclesiastical Censure, as appears clearly by the Text, which proves it belonged to him as their Bishop, and not as their Evangelist only: and this manifestly apparent, not only in the Subscription of that Epistle (according to the mode of writing in those days) where he is styled, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, The first Bishop of the Cretan Church; but also by the concurrent Testimony of Eusebius Eccles. Hist. l. 3 c. 4. S. Ambros. in Praesat. ad Titum, S. Hieron. in Titum, c. 1. v. 5. and in his Treatise de Scriptor. Ecclesiast. Theodoret. quoted by Oecumenius in Praefat. ad Ep. Tit-Oecumenius himself in Tit. 1. and lastly by Theophylact. in his Preface to the same Epistle; all which do, in terminis, call him Bishop, and the Bishop of Crete, agreeable to the usual sense of the word Episcopus in that age, distinct from Presbyter. This Church whilst wholly under the Discipline of the Greek Patriarches, was governed by four Archbishops, and one and twenty Bishops; but since their subjection to the Republic of Venice, there is but one Archbishop, that is of Candia the chief City; and eight Bishops, besides the titular Patriarch of Constantinople, who hath his residence there; some Prelate of the Latin Church having been always honoured with that empty Title, ever since the recovery of that City from the Western Christians.  
The Language vulgarly and generally spoken here, is the Greek Tongue; though Gentlemen and Merchants depending on the State of Venice, speak Italian also. Both the Greek and Latin are used in their Divine Offices: the people generally are of the Communion of the Grecian Church; yet the Latin Service; is also used in many places of the Island.  
The ground of this War between the Ottoman Emperor and the Venetian, I find in an Epistolar address to his Majesty from Venice, by the hand of a Noble man of this Nation then residing there, to be to this effect. It hath been the design of the Turk, ever since the Conquest of Rhodes and Cyprus, to gain the Kingdom of Candia; and that for this reason, because then the Christians being destitute of all Harbours in the East, he might with the greater security fall upon them in the West.  
Anno 1645 (when all Christendom was at variance) Ibraim the Father of the now Turkish Monarch, in the depth of a long continued peace, when least expected, began this War by setting upon the Venetians, and gave this out as the pretended cause of this Quarrel.  
In the former Agreement ratified and concluded between them, it seems, among many other Articles that the Republic had tied themselves up to perform, this was one, they did engage to deny the Knights of Malta shelter in any of their Ports or Harbours.  
Anno 1644, it fell out that the Galleys of that Order seized a Sultana, and took her, who with three Millions of Crowns designed a Pilgrimage to Mecha. They steering homewards laden with this rich booty, were compelled by the unseasonableness of the Wether, or for want of fresh water, clancularly, and by stealth, to strike into a by-Port of Candia, whence after some refreshment they returned safely to their own Isle.  
The next year the Turk furnisheth out a Fleet of 460 Sail great and small, solemnly protesting to the Senate's Ambassadors, that these preparations were for the Isle of Malta; but when they had passed by them, and steered a course almost as far as Sapienza, they suddenly tacked about, and landed sixty thousand men, who immediately sat down before Canea without the least declaration of War. The Venetian being thus so unexpectedly surprised, made all possible provision to put themselves in a defensive posture; but before they could rouse their ancient and accustomed courage, they lost the whole Kingdom, except Candia, and Carabusa, Spina longa and Suda, three adjoining Insulets. The Grand Signior being elated and puffed up with this success, gained by that happy crime (in his opinion) prosperous treachery, owned the War openly, and publicly declared the Senate's sheltering of the Malteses to be the cause; though 'twas privately decreed, that if they met with any considerable force or resistance in the first assault, that the Captain Bassa should lose his head (to pacify the Senate) for attempting it without Order, and so to persuade them it was only a Capricio of his own brain, and a plot of his own contrivance.  
Anno 1648, they soon were Masters of the Field, and began the Siege of Candia with so furious an onset, that they made a breach and entered it, and for the space of seven hours were within the Town; but the Defendants by their valour beat them out with infinite loss and damage.  
Anno 1649, they made a second attempt, which proving fruitless and ineffectual, they then left it, never expecting to win it by storm. On a rising ground about three Miles from the old, they have built another Town, called New Candia, which is the Residence of the Turkish Bassa, where they have strongly fortified themselves, blocking up the City; so that now there is no commerce at all but by Sea, which furnisheth the Candiots with plenty of provisions, and all other necessaries whatsoever.   

AN ACCOUNT Of the Siege of CANDIA.  
HAving given you a Description of Candia, we will proceed to the last Siege and Surrender thereof, which we have, no account of till about September 1666; and then all hopes of peace being laid aside, the Turks made some attempts upon Almissa, a strong place in Dalmatia, but with little or no success; and much about the same time fell upon Marcasca, a Town upon the Seacoasts, which they intended to attaque; but General Cornaro rallied up those Forces he had, and could get together so suddenly, and marched towards the Enemy, manning out several Barks and Galleys, that might play on them with their Cannon, and do execution: yet before he appeared, the Turks had made an assault, but were so warmly, received, that they were, beat off with the loss of nigh 150 of their men which were left dead upon the place, besides a considerable number of wounded persons which they brought off with them: and a few days after, made another assault upon the Town; but General Cornaro drew out of the Garrison all the men privately in the night, undermining the Fort, with an intent to blow up the Turks: they came up furiously to the Walls, but finding no Enemy grew jealous of the Stratagem and retreated, and in a short time saw the Mine fired, which made them march farther into the Country; but the Venetian Forces returned to Spalatto, and there continued to observe the Enemy's motion  
Little was done by them till towards the latter end of this instant September, at which time some Turks were discovered before Candia Nuova; but they only fired a few Guns and returned back to their Quarters; the Garrison being well fortified, and furnished with men and provisions. At the same time they made an attempt upon Gradan, a strong Fort near Marcasca; but they were so vigorously entertained by the Besieged, that they were forced to quit their Posts with the loss of four hundred men.  
In October the Turks of Canea took the Field with their pieces of Cannon, intending to levy Contributions in the Country; and to prevent all information, set strong Guards upon the adjoining Seacoasts.  
Towards the latter end of this Month Signior Barbaro, Proveditor-General, arrived in Candia; his Predecessor Signior Priuli being upon his departure to Dalmatia in the quality of General.  
The morlacs (who are Croats or Dalmatians, so called from the Hills where they formerly lived, being a sort of people that forsook the Turkish bondage, and put themselves under the Senate's Government) about this time made several incursions into the Turkish Quarters with great success, taking a considerable number of Slaves, and bringing several droves of Cattle along with them.  
In November the Grand Signior declared his resolution to make War with the Republic, by making preparations both by Sea and Land to attempt Candia the next Spring; to which purpose he lays great Subsidies upon his people throughout all his Dominions, and by his light Galleys hath landed some Forces in Canea. This month also the Grand Visier arrived in Canea, and was received with great joy, which the Turks manifested by many days feasting; who resolved to take the Field as soon as the Season would permit, and to lay close Siege to Candia: The Grand Signior himself giving all possible encouragement to the Levies, and promising extraordinary pay to those that will list themselves among the Janissaries, with an exemption from all Taxes and Subsidies. The Turks preparations being now very considerable for some weighty design, the Senate doth strengthen the City again it all attempts; and though it be so well fortified by Nature, yet they defended it with above 1700 pieces of Cannon, being very well furnished with expert Veteran Officers and Soldiers.  
In December the Grand Viziers intentions to besiege Candia are daily more and more discovered, which occasioned General Cornaro and Marquis Villa to go to Candia with a considerable number of choice men to its assistance. Towards the latter end of this Month the Grand Visier lay about Retimo, having a Body of 40000 Turks drawn together in the Field; and the Marquis Villa disposed all things in good order, and raised several outworks which did very much contribute to the strengthing of the City. About this time there was talk of a Treaty, to make the Christians careless in their defence.  
In January the Turks drew near Candia, and the Garrison made several brisk Sallies with some loss to the Turks, in one of which Vertmiller was slightly hurt. The Grand Visier upon a general Muster of his Forces in the Isle of Candia, found his Army consisted of 23000 men, and issued out Orders to all parts adjoining in the Turks Dominions, to hasten recruits of Men and Ammunition, in order to the speedy besieging of Candia, and to cast several vast Guns of extraordinary business, to be employed in that service. The Chief Visier continued still at Retimo, making all necessary provisions for his intended design; and sent several of his Officers to take a view of the City and her Fortifications, which the Marquis did take daily care to strengthen, and for the removal of all combustible matter out of the Houses, to avoid the execution of their Morter-pieces. Toward the latter end of this Month, the Venetian Convoy arrived at Candia, under the command of Semitecolo; and twelve Galleys laden with Biscuit were sent into Candia by the Admiral of their Fleet riding at Paros, whose Squadrons were continually cruising about the Sea to intercept the Provisions designed for the Turks. The Grand Visier was now indisposed at Retimo, but ordered the strengthening of New Candia, intending to raise a Battery near the Lazaretto, to hinder the passage of the Republique's Vessels for the relief of the City; against which the Venetian Forces cast up a strong Fort to beat them off, and prevent their nearer approaches. The Sultan than sent fresh commands to the Visier, to employ the utmost of his power and endeavours for the gaining of the Metropolis. The Visier being dissatisfied with the former proceed of the Bassa's of Canea and Candia Nuova, he beheaded them both, and used the like serverity to several Officers, under pretence that they were wanting in the performance of their Duties the last Summer. He hath always along with him the Aga of the Janissaries as Paymaster to the Army, whose advice sways extremely with him in all matters of Importance. In the interim the Senate is studious to defend their Territories against the common Enemy. Now the Treaty that was set on foot by the Prime Visier is wholly broken off, being resolved to prosecute the Siege vigorously. The Visier about the latter of January, or the beginning of February, departed from Retimo to Candia Nuova, intending to go back to Canea. The Turks laboured hard at the Batteries before Candia, and chief that near Lazaretto, but with little success; for the besieged plied them very closely from their new Fort, and made a Sally, forcing the Turks from their Batteries, killing five hundred upon the place, and taking forty six Prisoners, with the loss of forty men only. The Prime Visier now returned to Canea, as 'twas thought to continue there, as a place of security during the Infection, the Plague raging so violently in the Camp; and their Admiral Bassa to the Dardanelloes with the major part of the Fleet.  
In February the Grand Visier in person with a party of Turks took a view of the Posts, the better to form his Leaguer against the City; but he was so warmly entertained with Cannon, Morter-pieces, and Granades, that they fell into some disorder; which the Garrison perceiving, made a smart Sally upon him, forcing him to quit the place and flee to Candia Nuova, leaving his Nephew slain by a Canonshot from the Walls dead upon the place, with other considerable persons. At Canea he remained in expectation of his Succours of twenty thousand men from the Grand Signior: and in the mean time the Garrison threw down all the Works cast up by the Turks against the Town, and leveled all their Trenches.  
The Turkish Army was now very much visited with the Plague, and destitute of Victuals, so that the Visier dispersed his Forces about the Island. And much about this time, Signior Nicola Lion, Commander of one of the Venetian Ships, met with a Turkish Vessel laden with Provisions, under the Conduct of six Galleys, who after an hours dispute took her; at which the Visier was so highly incensed, that he took off the heads of six of the Captains, as being too remiss, and wanting duty and courage to defend her. Towards the latter end of this Month, the Turks with a considerable party Marched hear Candia, but were repulsed with no inconsiderable loss; in which encounter two Renegadoes of note were taken prisoners, and carried into Candia.  
In the beginning of March, Signior Padavino, the Venetian Ambassador, arrived at Canea; upon whose approach, the Turkish Forces by order from the Grand Visier, being about 40000 in number, were drawn together in his view: also a Body of Turks a little after came up to the Walls of Candia in a bravado, but were received so stoutly by a party that Sallied out against them, that they were forced to quit their station in confusion and great disorder. In this Month, about the middle thereof, a Turkish Galley carried off by the Christian Slaves aboard of her, was brought into the Fleet: the manner of the surprise was as followeth: There were 180 Turks and upwards aboard this Galley, with their Officers, among whom there happened to be a Renegado Grecian, who proving a penitent Apostate, contrived this plot, to free himself and the Christian Slaves condemned to the Oars: He went down privately into the Hold, and made several holes to let in the water; and having so done, came hastily upon the Deck, crying out that the Vessel had sprung so many and so great Leaks, that it was irrecoverably lost: hereupon the Turks made immediately to a Rock not far off them, where they ran ashore: the Slaves laying hold of this opportunity, rowing off the Galley, stopped the Leaks, brought her to Paros, and presented her to the Captain-General; who presently sent two Galleys well armed and man'd to the Rock, where they took all the Turks (who were old Soldiers and persons of Eminency) five or six only excepted, who were drowned, endeavouring to save themselves by swimming.  
In March, some of the Venetian Ships successfully engaged with the Caravan or Convoy from Alexandria; the Admiral whereof had 300 stout Soldiers aboard of him brought out of Barbary; the Vessel belonging to Tunis, which was commanded by the Sansack of Grand Cayro, or Viceroy of Egypt, who was by Orders from the Grand Signior to go to the assistance of the Grand Visier, and to take upon him the command of the Bassa of Canea: he brought with him 2000 Soldiers raised upon his own account to that purpose, with several Officers, who had made a solemn vow to the Grand Signior to do their utmost in the War, and to lose their lives rather than to quit the Siege. This Vessel during the dispute took fire, and was consumed with its fraught, to the value of 200000 Reals, and 50000 Zecchins designed to pay the Grand Viziers Army, besides the private Gold of the Officers. Many of the men seeking their safety in the Boat, were taken and made slaves; and several other Vessels of that Convoy fell into the Christians hands with a considerable Booty, and one among the rest laden with noble Horses for service was taken by a Christian Privateer that commanded a Pink. The Visier hearing of this ill success, cut off the heads of three Captains that arrived at Canea, and commanded ten fresh Galleys to rescue the rest of the Convoy, and conduct them safe to Canea, upon pain of death.  
About this time there was a Truce between them for a season, for the repair of the Ruins on both sides occasioned by a dreadful Earthquake that happened on Holy-Thursday, and several others since: in the former, a great part of Albania suffered; it threw down many Houses in Cattaro, with a great part of the Wall towards the Sea, destroying 600 persons at least; and Buda was wholly swallowed up, in which there perished the like number of people, both these places being subject to the Republic; and Dulcigno and castle Nuova, two places belonging to the Turks, were both sunk; which was the cause of this Truce between the Venetian and the Turk.  
General Cornaro and the Marquis Degl' Oddi were imyloyed to repair the damages suffered at Cattaro by this Earthquake.  
In the Month of April 1667, the Grand Visier plained the Country for five Miles together about the Port of Suda; cutting down the Trees and Vines, and driving away all the Cattle, that the Garrison might not be supplied from those parts: whilst in the mean time the people belonging to the Republic were very industrious, and finished several Outworks which did very much strengthen Candia; besides, Captain-General Morosini sent large Supplies of Provisions and Moneys into the City in several Vessels commanded by Captain Gio. Morosini. But the Visier finding his Army to consist of 50000 men, having received supplies from the Ottoman Court, raised his Batteries against the Fort of St. Demetrius; who was manfully withstood by the Defendants, with some loss to the Besiegers. The Turks having found an opportunity to convoy forty Galleys with Soldiers and Ammunition into Canea, were so much encouraged hereby, that they a little after gave a busy assault to Suda, a considerable Fortress of the Venetians; but were beaten off with much slaughter.  
In May, the Turkish Saiques taking their way by the South-Sea, arrived at Gira Petra, and put ashore 5000 Janissaries; which so heartened the Army, that the Visier resolved upon the Siege of Candia: to this end he disarmed all the Galleys, employing the Soldiers in his Army, and the Slaves as Pioners to work in the Trenches; and speedily raised three Batteries against the three principal Bulwarks of that City; which the Christians defended with extraordinary valour. But the Visier being sensible of the Grand Signior's high displeasure, attempted them with all his force, and played upon their Forts with his Batteries, entrenching 5000 men before the Fort St. Demetrius, battering it with 100 of pieces of Cannon; he being then in expectation of the recruit of 8000 men from Morea: And the Bassa of Bossina pressed one man out of every House in all the Countries about him; excepting Licia and Corbaccia, who denied it, pretending their inability to go to War, by reason of a Famine lately among them. The Turks had now laid a close Siege to Candia, battering it in four places; but the Visier first demolished the Town of New Candia (formerly built by the Turks) because that the materials thereof might be useful in raising their Works, and to prevent his Soldiers retreating thither. The Ports against which he made his Batteries, were Bethlem, Sabionera, Jesus and St. Demetrius; the men employed against them were 40000 in number, besides 12000 Pioners. But the Christians were much encouraged by the arrival of the Convoy under the command of Guistiniano, Commissary of the Provisions, who had sent 70000 Ducats into the Town, besides all other necessaries, and brought with him 75000 more, which were conveyed to the Captain-General for the use of the Armata. The Siege was very industriously managed by the Grand Visier, their Forces well ordered, and their Cannons continually roaring; they gave a stout assault, but were repulsed with considerable damage. The Visier being obliged upon his own reputation to hazard his whole Army, made six furious assaults upon the City, but was in all beaten off with the loss of 12000 men, at least, in these attempts. For twenty days time that the Turks had spent in the Siege of Candia, they gained not so much as one foot of ground; and their great Batteries and Cannon did little injury, being at too great a distance, and mounted too high, so that by falling upon the highest Houses they only beat off some Tiles, and threw down some Chimneys; which was all the execution that was done. The Christian Privateers did do the Republic excellent Service at Sea; among others one called the Notali, having seven hundred men aboard, took in few days above twenty prizes.  
General Villa made a lusty Sally out of Candia with 2000 choice men, who fell upon one of the Turks Posts with such courage and resolution, that he made a great slaughter among them, they being out of order; but at length rallying together, pursued the General, who drawn them into a place prepared for that purpose, and then ordered the Mines to be fired; which was so successfully effected, that according to the information of a Renegado afterwards, near 3000 Turks were destroyed.  
On the 28 of May, the Turks began some violent attaques upon the Fort near Bethlem, and the Gate Panigra; and that morning they played upon the Bulwarks with two pieces of Cannon, which were answered by the Guns from their Counter-batteries and Courtines.  
The 29 the Enemy made nearer approaches, and began with two Guns only to batter the Bulwarks of Jesus; but the Christians with their Guns from the Galleys, and those from the Works, played upon the Turks so warmly, that they were disordered, and the Grand Visier forced to change his Post.  
On the 30 the Turks only wrought hard to raise a Battery against St. Andrews Fort.  
The 31 the Enemy assaulted the Fort with great fury; and in that days service Captain Galeazzo, an Officer of Piedmont, was unfortunately slain by a Shot in the Out-work of St. Mary's, and Colonel Castaneuf; but the Savoyards under his command, to revenge his death, did fall that night upon the Turks with Hand-Granadoes, Swords and Pistols, assisted by some other Forces, and made a great confusion among them, compelling them to leave their Works with much disorder. The Savoyards followed them into one of their Redoubts, and slew a considerable number of them; the Guns from the Town in the mean time playing upon the Enemy, to hinder their pursuit.  
June the first, there was little or no action; only the Enemy's Cannon firing, dismounted a Gun in the Fort Martinengo.  
June the second, they form another Battery, and fired at the Besieged with two other pieces of Cannon, bringing up a Galliot with another Vessel to furnish them with Provisions, wherewith they were laden; and the Venetians sent out two Galleys to engage them, but they were so stoutly defended by their Batteries, that the Galleys were forced to betake themselves to their own Fort for protection.  
The same morning, the Turks laid an Ambush near the Out-work of Mocenigo, to intercept the Venetians, and prevent the relief of their Guards; but they were valiantly resisted and put to flight, leaving many of them dead upon the place, besides those that were killed in the retreat, which were more in number.  
June the third, the Turks spent this morning in interring their dead, and in Funeral-Ceremonies; but that afternoon they fired very thick upon the Town, with Bullets of 80, 90, and 120 pound weight.  
June the fourth, they approached within a stones cast of the Walls; and that night there was a resolute skirmish before Panigra, where they were received with Volleys of Musket, and plenty of Canonshot.  
June the fifth, in the morning, near the Works of St. Marry they raised a new Battery, playing upon the Besieged with four great Guns; and wrought very hard to cast up a Trench to secure a Passage for their Artillery, in which they were defended by a great number of Musqueteers, drawn thither for that design; but they had such a peal of Ordnance, Smallshot and Granades from the Town, that they desisted from their enterprise, with an extraordinary loss of men; the Besieged only had some few Soldiers wounded, but lost not one man that day.  
June the sixth, the Guns only played on both sides.  
The seventh, the Turks plied again their Works, and made their approaches with greater preparation then formerly, working under ground.  
The eighth instant they raised another Battery against St. Andrews Bulwark, and endeavoured the reparation of their old Battery at the Lazaretto; but the Marquis Villa ordered a Counter-battery well planted with Guns to be made to secure the place, and in his retreat by the Mole, received a slight hurt in his hand by the flying of the Stones, occasioned from Cannon-short that struck upon the Walls. That night they made a Sally from the Halfmoon of Mocenigo; where there was a sharp fight which continued for many hours, but concluded with great slaughter of the Enemy by the Cannon and Morter-pieccs from the City-works.  
On the nineteenth of July Signior Baroni with two Galleys, and not long after Signior Carenzo Pisani, who was chosen Proveditor for Candia, entered the Port with Succours for the City: and the same Evening his Excellency Captain-General Morosini followed them Incognito with two Galleys more. He was at his landing near the Arsenal, received by Signior Barbaro with great joy, and all the Martial Ceremonies usual upon such occasions; who presented him with the Keys of the City; and with a great Train of Officers and Soldiers, accompanied with Signior Maro Proveditor to the Fleet; and the Proveditor of the Isle attended him to his Coach, and the Lodgings prepared for him: He passed under a Triumphal Arch erected in the great Street for him, being met also by the Cavalry at the Gates of the City, and saluted by the great Guns; the whole City testifying their extraordinary joy and satisfaction for his arrival, by their loud Acclamations and rare Fireworks.  
The next morning the Turks at break of day discharged a great Volley of Muskets and Cannon against the City, which the Besieged scorning to be indebted to them) returned from the Walls.  
The same morning Colonel Chateauneuf attaqued a Redoubt cast up by the Enemy near Panigra, to give the Captain-General some signal testimony of the courage and resolution of the Besieged, and very freely threw his Hand-granadoes among them: but the Turks being prepared for their reception, issued out, and pressed very hard and close upon them; yet they, being seconded by another party commanded by the Captains Castelli, Bonefort, and a third whose name we have no certain knowledge of, renewed their assault, and did considerable execution upon the Turks: but the Alarm being by this time grown warm, and great numbers coming to their assistance, the Candiots retired to the Covert way of, the Fort Panigra, and the Enemy pursued them with great shouting; and notwithstanding the Palisadoes, and a Guard of forty Musqueteers that played upon them with their Volleys, they were forced to leave their Colonel Chateauneuf behind them, and shelter themselves in the Moat; but he with an inconsiderable number of Officers valiantly beat off the Enemy twice or thrice together, and was at last relieved by Sergeant Major Motta, who Sallying out of the Fort, beat back the Turks into their Redoubt with a great slaughter; he himself receiving a shot in the breast, but without hurt, his Armour being well tried, and of proof. In this attaque the Christians came off with the loss of one Sergeant, two Soldiers, and two others wounded.  
At the same time Colonel Martinom, Commander of Panigra, sent out twelve Soldiers with Granades, and forty Footmen commanded by Major Bricheras Lieutenant, to assault another Redoubt cast up on the right hand of the Fort; which they performed with great courage, beating out the Turks, and putting many of them to the Sword: but the Enemy growing more numerous, they retreated, their Lieutenant being shot dead under the Redoubt, but like true Soldiers, resolving not to leave the Body of their Officer in the power of the Enemy, they returned upon them, and with great valour forced them to give ground, taking up the Body, and retiring to their Works with much glory and renown.  
The Savoyards also, being but 60 Officers and Soldiers, with Granades, under the Command of Colonel Torre, Sallied out from the Ravelin of Bethlem, and fell upon the Enemy's Line, where a Body of Turks stood upon their Guard to defend the Pioners; and there happened a very hot dispute; but they sending out a recruit of Savoyards so assist them, the Enemy was beaten from the Line, and forced to seek their safety in some of their Redoubts, leaving 60 of their party dead upon the place, four of whose heads the Candiots brought with them, and presented to the Captain-General, whose valour in this noble attempt was rewarded with forty Reals; and in this Service they were so fortunate, as to come off with the loss of a single Soldier. Colonel Arborio and Marino, with the Count Brusano Captain of the Guard to Marquis Villa, sallied out of the Post of St. Mary, with a party of fifty men; forced the Turks out of two several Redoubts, killed a considerable number of them, and lost only one Sergeant.  
There was also great execution done upon the Enemy by a Squadron that issued from the Fort of St. Demetrius, who slaughtered many of them.  
The Turks being by this time sufficiently sensible of their successless proceedings by Batteries and open force, were wholly bend upon their Mines, employing constantly night and day ten thousand Pioners to work in them; whereupon they advanced greatly in their approaches, the dryness of the Season contributing very much to their designs; and laboured extremely to meet with the Mines from the Outworks; some whereof the Christians did spring and blow up, which proved very fatal and destructive to the Turks. In the interim the great shot fly very liberally on both sides, but with little damage to the City, only beating down the tops of some Churches and high Houses, with the loss of four or five persons. The Turks still plied the City very close with their Guns from the Batteries; and throwing Morter-pieces into the Town, with little loss to the Besieged, but great loss to the Besiegers. The Christian Corsayres did very considerable service by cruising upon the Sea, and in the Archipelago; by which means they did infinitely enrich themselves, having taken several great Prizes, and intercepted the Enemy's Vessels which were laden with Provisions intended for their Armies supply.  
Now the Turks began to be very sparing of their Canonshot, which was supposed to be for want of Powder; who finding little or no success thereby, they fell to their Mines, and sprung one made under the Out-work of the Halfmoon of Mocenigo, and entered the breach, took possession thereof; killing fifty Soldiers placed there to defend it: The Enemy being elevated with this success, sent 3000 men to make good the place, of which they continued Masters for the space of one day and a half; but Marquis Villa knowing that it might prove advantageous to them in attaquing the next Work, was resolved to dispossess them; and therefore he nobly issued out with a Party of able Soldiers, and at the same time gave fire to a Mine, formerly made under it, though undiscovered by the Enemy, which blew up so successfully, that the Turks persiht most miserably in the ruins; and then the Marquis falling in among the rest, after a sharp and bloody fight of six hours' continuance, beat them off, and regained the place, with the loss of 300 of his own men, and above 2000 Turks.  
The next day the Grand Visier, having had so great a loss of his best Soldiers, called a Council of his principal Bassa's; where it was resolved, that they should send a Trumpeter to the Captain-General, to desire that Signior Giaverina might come and treat with them in order to an agreement: but Colonel Vecchia went out in his stead, they not approving of sending out the former at present; and he was courteously received by the whole Army, but especially by the Visier, who treated him with a costly Collation; telling him, That if his General wanted Provisions, he would freely send him what his Camp did afford: but the Colonel after thanks returned for his civil proffer, assured him that the City was so plentifully supplied by the Fleet, that they could not stand in need of any thing: he was safely sent back to the City, with much importunity that Giaverina might be admitted to treat with them; which was at last condescended unto, and he was received by the Turks with great joy, who welcomed him with all their Cannons, and saluted him with several Musqueteers; the general cry through the whole Camp being nothing but Peace, Peace. At this time the Venetians received very certain intelligence, that the Turks Army did not consist of above 25000 men, the Sword and Sickness having swept away the one half of their Army; though succours were daily expected from Morea. About this time the Captain Bassa was discovered near the Isle Cerigo, where he had landed several of his men, but the Venetian Galleys coming to engage him, he put off to Sea with such haste, that he left 200 of his men behind him, which were taken by the Candiots and made slaves.  
But this Treaty like the rest soon vanished, and came to nothing. The Turks continuing still their Works underground, putting all their confidence in the Mines, which the Besieged laboured to frustrate by their Countermines; yet they applied their greatest force and Works against Panigra; labouring hard at their Mines, which they often sprung on every side, and in the mean time plied the Town and Fort, especially, with great and small shot: but the Besieged are not backward, either in the one or the other, so that the Enemy's designs prove unsuccessful.  
Before Panigra the Turks raised one very large Battery that had nine great Guns, from whence they played furiously for many days together, and were answered by the Besieged, with extraordinary loss to the Besiegers; for above 12000 Turks perished by the Candiots' Sallies, Shot, Granades and Mines, with several Captains of Note, and experienced Officers among them. The Venetians having lost since the beginning of the Siege about 1000 men, with some Commanders; among whom Baron Baroni is one, who was killed by a Musquet-shot on the 26 of July. And the Ladies, & others of that tender Sex, did give as signal testimonies of their courage & valour in the defence of the Town, as the men; among whom the Wife of Colonel Motta, who was Coloness of the Regiment of Women, behaved herself with incredible resolution and infinite courage; whose death was much lamented, she being unhappily killed by the fall of a Wall, beaten down by the Besiegers Cannon; who still are very intent upon the Siege, and approach nearer and nearer the Town, by the daily springing of their Mines, shaking the whole City with the force of them; and are constantly assaulting, but as constantly repulsed and beaten off; and 300 of them lost their lives, besides a great many more buried in their own mines, by the blowing up of one of the Venetians Countermines. But the Turks by their frequently repeated and continued Batteries, had by this time made a great breach in the left Horn of the Fort Panigra, and another in that of Mocenigno; and on the eleventh of Angust they gave a violent assault to both; and to divert the Candiots, did at the same time storm the Town at several other places; but by the courage of the Besieged were every where repulsed with great slaughter; the Besiegers leaving many of their dead behind them, whose heads adorn the Houses of the Venetian Officers, wherewith they are set round, as Trophies of their Valour, and rewards of their resolution. Yet the Turks are no ways discouraged, but are principally encouraged by a Renegado Jesuit called La Grange, who is courteously entertained by the Visier, and wholly swayed by his advice.  
The Turks now make use of several Gunners that are Christians, whom they have compelled into their service by force, or drawn them in by flattery; and to terrify the rest, they cut off the head of one of them, who was suspected not to have fired his Gun to the best advange. They still continued springing of their Mines; which occasions many daily sharp encounters; and the courage of the Candiots is as frequently signalised by the great slaughter of the Turks: which so incensed the Visier, that he commanded a general assault, which was performed with a noise as great as their fury, and for a considerable time continued with much obstinacy; but they finding the greatest loss to be their own, and the Defendants inconsiderable; the Visier gave over the assault, whose trouble and almost despair is increased by the great wants of necessary Provisions in the Camp, and the difficulty of being supplied, by reason of the indefatigable industry & diligence of the Venetian Squadrons, who so continually. cruse before Canea, that they cannot steal in with their Vessels: insomuch that the Turks grew full of despondency, considering that in so long a Siege, after so many men lost, so many assaults made, and so many Mines sprung, they had not as yet made themselves masters of any one Out-work of the Christians; and though the Turks were in great wants, yet the Venetians were destitute of nothing that was necessary, either of men, money, Ammunition, or any other Provisions whatsoever.  
But the Turks still made daily assaults, springing fresh Mines; yet by the prudence and conduct of the Besieged, their attempts have been frustrated. Now the Turks Cannon had torn some houses, and beat down some part of their Walls; but the great number of Granades shot from the Enemy's Morter-pieces, did the greatest prejudice to the Town.  
Now the Captain-general, for prevention of all surprises, commanded all his Soldiers to keep their Posts allotted them, by a very strict Proclamation; and Ordered that all sorts of Victuals should be sold near the Walls of the Town, to remove all pretences for their absence.  
Then the Turks raised a Battery near the Post, but to no purpose; and bent the most considerable force they had against the Outworks of Mocenigo and Panigra, and did them some damage by the often springing of Mines, and chief that of Panigra. At this time Signior Giustiniano's Commissary of the Victuals, with two other Officers, were killed by the blowing up of one of them, which wholly destroyed the Left-horn of Panigra: and another Mine blew up the Counterscarp. Upon an exact view of all the Soldiers in the City, it was found that about 1500 had been killed since the Siege; but that there were still above 10000 able men left to defend the place.  
Now the Grand Visier being more intent than ever upon the taking of the City, gave order that materials for building Huts and Lodges convenient for the Soldiers, should be brought to the Leaguer, intending to lie before the Town all the Winter; resolving not to raise the Siege till he had either taken the Town, or lost his whole Army in the Attempt.  
And the Turks having made their approaches proaches to the Halfmoon of Mocenigo and the Fort Panigra, lodged themselves in the Trenches thereof; and in a small time sprung several Mines under each Work, which took so effectually, that a wide breach was made in both places; and the same night they immediately made a desperate assault, appearing in great numbers upon the breaches, distinguished by some white upon their Arms: but the Besieged being very well prepared to receive them, the Turks, after a smart fight, were forced by the Garrison to give over the Attempt, with a great loss of men, and some Colours. So that the Enemy being so constantly defeated in their designs upon the Outworks, have given over those places, being much discouraged by their great losses. The Visier therefore commanded the Pioners to undermine the Town-ditch; which the Christian Officers observing, by their Countermines within endeavoured to defeat them, and with great good success met with one of their Galleries, which they absolutely ruined, and buried the Turks therein that were employed in that business. The Candiots about this time received a recruit of 2000 Soldiers, and 200000 Crowns for their encouragement.  
In September, the Grand Visier finding that his Soldiers, especially the Janissaries, were ready to break out into a mutiny, and threatened to leave the Siege, being impatient at the tediousness thereof, resolved to put things to a speedy issue; and therefore commanded a general assault to be made, which was accordingly executed. The Turks did storm the Breaches very furiously; but were resisted so valiantly by the Besieged, that after a fierce and bloody dispute, they gave over with the loss of 7000 men: The Christians loss was also great, who had 1500 of their men slain; among whom were five Noblemen of Venice, who with great honour sold their lives in a defensive War against the Common Enemy of Christianity. The Turks finding their labour fruitless, notwithstanding their endeavours to lodge themselves in the breaches of Panigra and Mocenigo; have since spent their time in filling the Trenches between the Bulwarks of those two Forts, to hinder all communication between them; and to that purpose they had brought thither a great quantity of earth, though with considerable loss and danger; and were in hopes to make a passage to the left Angle of the Fort Panigra, where they had made the widest breach; but the Besieged, to frustrate their designs, appeared upon the breach with a party of select Soldiers, and a certain number of Slaves taken out of the Galleys that rid then in the Harbour, who behaved themselves so courageously, that the Enemy retreated; and the Christians in the interim cast up so strong a defence in that part of the breach, clearing all to the Trench, and throwing out the Earth they cast in, that there was little encouragement for a second attempt: besides, they placed a Machine over against the Breach, (which was the invention of Captain-General Morosini) which was Musquet-proof, and could contain 20 Soldiers; where they might safely manage their Arms to defend the Breach. Many Mines were daily sprung, and one of the Christians did notable execution, where by blowing up twelve Barrels of Powder, there happened a great slaughter among the Turks; and many of their bodies were thrown into the Trench.  
The Besieged also made many successful Sallies, and to their great encouragement had received a supply of two thousand men, with store of all necessary Provisions, that arrived safe at Candia in their Convoy, which consisted of twelve Ships: This made them resolve upon a general sally out of the City, which was performed with great loss to the Turks. The Enemy being almost tired out with the Siege (especially the Janissaries and Spahi) their Army bring reduced from 60000 to 20000, were resolved to quit the Siege; yet the Visier by his great diligence and large promises persuades them still to continue at the Siege, where they still beat the Town with their Ordnance.  
But among other late adventures, in October, about four Galleyslaves, belonging to the Venetian, being employed in one of the Outworks, discovered about 100 Turks drawing near them in a Body; whereupon one of them, whose name was Bressano, making himself Captain, encouraging his Companions, and taking such weapons as came next to hand, issued out upon the Turks with great resolution; killed 30 of them in a very small time, wounded many of the rest, and put them all to flight for their safety: Bressano having in this Sally given a sufficient testimony of his great courage, by killing 16 of them with his own hand. The Captain-General at this very instant standing upon the Walls, and observing all passages, sent for him, and commending him his valour, rewarded him with a Gold-Chain, and the Command of a Company of Foot; being very liberal in bestowing moneys upon the rest of the Slaves, and enrolling them into a Company. Much about this time an Aga with four Turks fled into Candia, with a considerable sum of money; and ten or twelve thousand Turks had quitted the service, being wearied with expectation, and tired out with the Siege; which extremely incensed the Visier; yet he gave order for the repair of the Fort of New Candia, which he at his first setting down before the City had demolished as altogether useless; being resolved to spend the whole Winter in lying before the Town: and in order thereunto, sent out several dispatches into Egypt, Barbary, and all other places in the Ottoman Empire; threatening the Bassa's with severe and present punishment, if not absolutely and speedily obeyed.  
The Grand Signior was now arrived at Morea in person, to hasten the transportation of fresh forces, intending to summon together the whole strength of his Empire, rather than desert the Siege dishonourably. Yet notwithstanding the great losses of men, the tediousness of the Siege, the frustrating of their designs in their assaults above, and the successlessness of their Mines under ground, the impatience of the Grand Signior, maugre all discouragement whatsoever, they still engage in many warm disputes, and endeavour to fill up the Trenches; but the Besieged still beat them off, and throw out what they cast in: but the Christian Officers looked upon this as prejudicial, and time ill spent, seeing the Enemy from one of his Batteries planted upon the Counterscarp, destroyed their Blinds, and laid them open to their Smallshot; therefore they resolved to destroy the Battery, and employed the Pioners to that purpose, who sprung a large Mine, which blew it up wholly, with a great number of Turks, burying all their Cannons in its ruins, together with the Mustapha Bassa, Beilerbeg of Anatolia, one of the most considerable persons among them, and who chief advised the carrying on the Siege on that side of the City. Several other Mines were sprung the day following on both sides, by which the Panigra was totally destroyed, and reduced to a heap of rubbish, though still defended with infinite valour; the Christians appearing in white Armour, to the terror of the Enemy. After this, the Besieged made many Sallies, and in their retreat drew the Enemy over Mines which were prepared for them; and when the Christians saw their opportunity, fired them with great execution, and in little time beat them to their second Redoubt, returning with Arms and Baggage in all their Sallies. Yet the Turks by the approaches of their Galleries made their advances with great obstinacy, springing divers Mines upon the Trenches of the City, with great damage to the Palisadoes of the Falsbray near adjoining; but the Christians, by their industry, placed new Palisadoes on the Falsbray: The Turks still working their Mines with all the subtlety imaginable; one whereof they sprung, which was under the Halfmoon at the right-hand of the Panigra, which almost filled a part of the Trench near the Front of the Bulwark Bethlem with its ruins; of which the Turks were resolved to make the best advantage they could, and that very night were making preparations for a storm; but there fell such violent rain in the night, that they were forced to desist. Afterwards they sprung another Mine in the Graft, which removed many Palisadoes, and endangered the person of the Marquis Villa. Another Mine of the Enemies which was ready to spring, was happily discovered by the Christians, and the Powder removed: the Enemy afterwards, when they thought it convenient, fired the Train, being big with expectation of the issue; but they were set upon by a party of the Besieged, who also gave fire to two Mines of their own near Mocenigo, and one of 35 Barrels of Powder, which overwhelmed many Turks in the ruins, and disordered their Mines in those places.  
Now the Garrison having received a considerable supply of fresh Soldiers and some Horse, they made a resolute Sally; and the Turks drawing up all their forces, maintained the dispute two hours together; but they were at last beaten into their own Trenches, with great loss of their chief Captains and Commanders, besides private Soldiers; the Grand Visier himself escaping not without great hazard of his life, or imprisonment. The Turks Army being now reduced to 18000, were resolved upon a dernier effort, and to make a general Sally; but were repulsed with great slaughter.  
Now since the Turk had made several experiments of the valour of the Candiots, by Assaults and Skirmishes which proved unsuccessful, he endeavoured to obtain by stratagem what he could not do by force; to which end they shot several Arrows into the City, to which they had fastened Letters, both in French and Italian, which contained many Arguments to persuade the Christians to a surrender, bragging of their Supplies they suddenly expected, resolving not to quit the Siege; menacing them, upon their refusal, with all the extremities used by an incensed Enemy.  
On the fifteenth of November, in the Evening, the Grand Visier discharged all his Cannon, which were seconded with five Volleys of Musqueteers, three of them with Bullets, and two without; accompanied with great shouts, and setting up many Lights about the Camp; which made the Christians jealous of some large Succours sent them, or some extraordinary expectation from their Mines: but they drew up their men, and commanded them to stand all night to their Arms; and in the morning they found it only to be a Turkish Rodomontado, a mere Artifice of the Grand Viziers, by throwing out reports of Succours and Supplies, to raise the drooping spirits of the Soldiers.  
The sixteenth of November, being the Anniversary of St. Giustina, on which in the year 1570, the Christians gained a glorious Victory against the Turks, was celebrated by the Besieged with as much true zeal and joy, as that of the Turks the day before was counterfeit and feigned. Some few days after, the Grand Signior sent the Visier a Vest and Scimitar as a present; which he received, with some Moneys for the Soldiers pay, which made them repeat the like Triumphs throughout the whole Turkish Camp.  
After this, the Christians made a large Mine without, the Raveline di Samo Spirito, divided into three parts, which they sprung so prosperously, that it ruin'd their Redoubts and Lines, blew up their Bodies in the Air, and entombed others of them in its ruins; which was followed by a stout Sally, to the destruction of many Turks, and some Commanders of Eminency. At which the Visier was so much enraged, that he resolved to win the Town, or lost his life in the attempt; sending to all his Bassa's throughout the Grand Signiors Dominions, for all supplies of Provisions they could possibly furnish him withal.  
The Turks having gained the ruin'd Outworks of Panigra, advanced with their Mines and Galleries towards the great Trench; but a considerable slaughter happened among the Turks, by the frequent springing of the Mines, and numerous Sallies that were daily made: but Signior Lorenzo Pisani, the Proveditor of Candia, was slain by one of their Morter-pieces; and that Noble Venetian Bertolo Pisani unfortunately killed by a shot. Yet the rains falling so excessively upon them, the Grand Visier, withdrew, leaving about 6000 men behind him to defend the Batteries, and other Works.  
Much about this time, Secretary Giavarina, Minister of State to the Venetians, who had continued some time in the Grand Viziers Camp, lodged in the Tents of Caterzogolo, which was a place of bad air, died, and five or six of his Family; which might be occasioned by the Contagion that raged so violently among the Turks.  
The City was now in a good condition, by reason of their constant supplies from the Fleet; but the Turks endeavoured to make good their Post in the ruins of the Fort Panigra: and the Venetian General ordered a new Line to be drawn in the old Works, to the end that the Besieged might be in a capacity to defend every part of the Town sufficiently, if the Turks (according to their menaces) should employ their whole power against Candia the next Summer.  
The Grand Visier being now retired with the major part of his Army into the Vale of Giofiro, the 6000 men that he left, still employed themselves about the defence of those Posts that they had in their possession; the Besieged minding, during this vacancy, the prepration of their Works, and clearing their Trenches: but the Visier sent some additional Forces, and plenty of Provisions from the Walls, where the gross of the Army retired, with express orders to lose no opportunity of gaining upon Candia; which so encouraged them, that about Christmas they made frequent assaults, and were as frequently beaten off; but on St. Stephen's day there was a great dispute; the Besieged issuing out in white Arms, destroyed a great number of the Enemy.  
In January the Turks quitted all their Batteries before Candia but two, and sent most of their Cannon into Candia Nuova: and at this time there died among them near 200 in a day of the Plague; which made the Visier retire into Canea, sending his sick and wounded Soldiers into Napoli di Malvasia.  
The Christian General resolving now upon a Sally, drew out a strong party, fell upon the Enemy's Redoubts, and put the Turks to their heels; with a great loss of men on their part, and but forty of the Besieged. Now the Bassa of Morea, had raised a Body of 8000 Turks, who were ready to be embarked for Canea; but they in their way seeing 3000 Turks wounded; who were conveyed in Carts to several Hospitals in Morea, prepared for their reception; this sight made so deep an impression upon them, that they all quitted the service, fleeing into the Mountains for safety, and leaving their Bag and Baggage behind them; declaring their unwillingness to engage in such desperate service, where an Army of 60000 that sat down before Candia at first, was already reduced to 16000 But the Grand Signior resolved to employ all his Forces, both by Sea and Land, for the carrying on of the War against Candia; and therefore dispatched two Chiauces to Tunis, and some other parts of Barbary, to command all assistance of Shipping, that they could possibly afford him; but he received a cold and dissatisfactory answer, by way of excuse.  
In February the Turks having received some Supplies, renewed the Siege, and cast up a large Fort at the Sabionera, and planted many pieces of Ordnance thereon, wherewith they played very hard upon the Port and Town, but with very inconsiderable damage.  
Towards the latter end of this Month, a Renegado that commanded a Body of two thousand Turks, endeavoured to surprise the Fort St. Andre; but the Marquis Villa having timely notice of their design, sent Colonel Motto with a considerable number of able and resolute men, who assaulted the Enemy so courageously, that they slew 500 of them upon the place, put the rest to the rout, and with a very small loss returned with 50 heads to the Town. Now the City had received a considerable supply of men; and Captain Molino having made a discovery of five of the Turkish Galleys coming out of the Dardanelloes, having aboard them men and Ammunition for the Grand Visier, chased them with his Squadron for some hours, and sunk two of them, the other three run aground upon one of the Islands to avoid him, where they were broken in pieces, but the men escaped.  
The Turks about this time got many Ships together, with Supplies intended for Canea; but they understanding that the Christians Fleet was cruising about those Coasts, were forced to flee into Rhodes for shelter, and there expect the opportunity of a safe passage. Yet notwithstanding all these discouragements, they continued their Mines, and attempted to make a way through the Graft, that they might assault the Town with the less difficulty; but by the vigilancy of the Defendants, at this very time, two of the Galleries made near one of the Principal Bulwarks of the Town, were blown up by the Christians Countermines.  
The Grand Signior appeared still more active in, and intent upon the business of the Siege then ever, drawing up great numbers of men in all places, intending to make them in all 100000 strong; and to employ 100 Galleys, and fifty other Ships of force in the Service, with a great supply of all necessaries to the effecting of such a work.  
On the eighth of March, seven Venetian Galleys cruising in the Archipelago, were set upon in the night by twelve under the command of Durach Bey, a famous Corsaire; but some other Christian Vessels coming opportunely to their assistance: the Admiral took seven of them, which he sent into the Port of Candia, sunk three, so that there only escaped two, very much disabled. In which Naval engagement the Christians lost 400 men, and among the rest Signior Daniel Giustiniano the Paymaster; Foscarini, one Captain of a Galley, and six other Officers were wounded; but there fell of the Turks Durach Bey himself, and some other persons of note, with a great number of men; four hundred and ten Prisoners were taken, and 1100 Christians and upwards freed from Turkish servitude.  
About the beginning of April, 1668, Georgio Maria Vitali was by the Senate made Knight of the Order of St. Mark, for his service against the Turks. Upon this defeat, the Captain of the Armata sent a Tartan from Candia to Venice, who arrived the 21 of April, S. N. being Sunday, and brought with him several Flags, and other Trophies of Victory, as a present to the Grand Duke: and upon the entry of these Prizes into the Port of Candia, where they had a very joyful reception, and were welcomed with the discharge of the Towns great Guns; General Villa observing the Turks idly gazing upon the Triumphs of the Christians, sallied out upon them unexpectedly, forcing them to flee into their Camp, and killing them on their own Redoubts; returning with 100 of their heads, or thereabout; which with Durach Bey's, and several Turkish Captains that were slain at Sea, were placed upon Poles round about the City-Walls, to the terror of the Turks, and confusion of the Bassa, who was seen in a raging humour to tear his Beard out of vexation, to see that he in his designs proved so unfortunate. Upon the arrival of this News, the Senators attended the Duke to congratulate for this success; who with the Pope's Nuncio, and Spanish Ambassador, that were then at Venice, with a numerous Train of the Nobility, advanced to the Church of St. Mark, where they heard Te Deum sung; and then went in procession, as is usual upon such solemn occasions. This very Evening the Senate honoured General Morosini with the dignity of Knighthood, and conferred several honours upon his Relations, appointing rewards to be distributed among such persons as had signalised themselves by their eminent Service in this Engagement.  
The Turks grew now dead-hearted at the late defeat of their Galleys, and the successful Sally made by the Marquis Villa; insomuch, that the Grand Visier took up a resolution to make no farther progress against Candia, till the expected succours, promised him by the Ottoman Emperor, were safely arrived. Signior Morosini being informed that the Turks had a great succour intended for Canea, took the Sea with 25 of his best Galleys, some Galleasses and Fireships, to engage them, whose Fleet consisted of 100 Galleys, 60 Saiques, and 25 great round Ships laden with Provisions; but General Morosini, after a bloody sight of ten hours' continuance, burnt, sunk, and took a great many of them; and two of their principal Bassa's became his Prisoners, with most of the chief Commanders. About this time also several Privateers of the Republic, Malta, and other places, met together; who joining their Forces in the Gulf of Rhodes, took twelve Saiques belonging to the Turks, laden with Provisions for Canea. The Senate having had information that a Greek discovered the Grand Viziers design to surprise the Venetians Galleys, whereby they obtained so signal a Victory, ordered him a Pension of fifty Ducats a Month, in lieu of a reward.  
On Saturday, May the second, S. N. General Villa arrived at Venice, who had served the Republic in Candia about two years, in obedience to the Commands of his Master the Duke of Savoy, and with the Senate's permission; leaving the Sieur des Marets to supply his place, till the arrival of Monsieur de St. Andre Montbrun, who is to succeed him in the Generalship.  
Captain Molino also met with five Turkish Vessels coming from Alexandria, bound for Canea, with considerable supplies for the Visier; but he sunk two of them, and took the remaining three.  
General Spaar, a Germane, who was employed by the Senate as General of the Foreign Forces in Candia, with a Pension of 4000 Ducats, safely arrived at Candia, with a Company of Ships well furnished with Men, Ammunition and Money; so that the Town was in as good condition at this time, as when they first laid Siege to her.  
In this Month of May, the City made two Sallies more upon the Turks, wherein they behaved themselves with incredible courage. And Signior Claudio Arassi a Sergeant Major, with Signior Mutio Mattei Major-General of the Ecclesiastical Forces, died in Candia of the Wounds they received in that Engagement of the Beiler-Gallies. Now the Turks endeavour to work with their Mines under ground, but the Besieged still Countermine them.  
The Grand Visier lost two of his prime Engineers, and is in so bad a condition for want of necessary Provisions, that his Soldiers daily flee from their Colours; yet he still obstinately plays with his great Guns, and by mining, attempts the eversion of the repaired, or new-raised Fort of Panigra, and the Halfmoon of Mocenigo, making his approaches towards the Port of St. Andrew, but to little purpose; for the Besieged made a vigorous Sally upon them, as they lay before that Fort, making them quit the Redoubt they had raised with much prejudice, and carried with them many Prisoners into the Town; who upon examination, confessed that the Turkish Army did not exceed 18000 in number, and those ill commanded too; for most of their experienced Officers and Soldiers had lost their lives; the Visier still expecting the promised Supplies from the Sultan, and the Bassa of Morea.  
The Turks finding that they could no ways advance themselves by open Force, endeavoured to perform their designs by Treachery; which was thus attempted: They had so far prevailed with two Christian Fugitives, with large promises of larger rewards, that they did engage to give their utmost assistance: One of them was to convey himself into the City (whilst the other remained as an Hostage in the Turkish Camp for security) which he did, and was to nail up some of the Cannons in one of the Forts, which the Turks were then immediately to Storm, upon a signal given: but he was discovered before he could effect what he intended; and being threatened, made a full confession of the whole matter: whereupon the Venetian Forces being drawn up, the appointed signal was given, and the Turks approach with cheerfulness, as to a certain Victory; but at length they found themselves so briskly entertained, that they retired with a great loss of men; whose deaths they revenged upon him they had in their Camp, whom they cruelly put to death; and the other received the due reward of his intended Treachery in the City.  
Thirteen Turkish Vessels were met with by a Squadron of Malteses, that were bound with succours for Candia, who took seven of them; but those of Malta dismissed the Ships, finding they belonged to Christians, who were compelled to that employment.  
The Turks were now much disheartened, and grew very cold in their Assaults; finding that their supplies came in slowly, contrary to their expectation; which animated the Christians, who issued out, and engaged: them in their own Works, bringing away several of their heads upon their Pikes: but the Visier being lately affronted, was resolved on a resolute attempt upon the Town; and to that end, sent for 6000 Sacks from Canea, which were to be filled with Earth, and other Materials, to fill up the Trenches, and make a passage for his men, that he might thereby become. Master of some new Post: but this design soon shrunk to nothing; their Forces daily decreasing, and relief no ways increasing as was hoped; insomuch, that above one hundred Turks fled lately to Candia, begging Passports to return into their own Country.  
In June, the City was refurnished with store of all Provisions, by the arrival of their Convoys; and the Fort Panigra, upon which the Turks, last Summer, had done the notablest execution, was so repaid, that it was better to endure their attempts then formerly. The Visier had a recruit of five thousand Janisarics now arrived in a tempestuous Season, when Admiral Morosini was in the Harbour, or else 'tis probable he had met with them, and stopped their intended course; and some Saiches also, notwithstanding the care and vigilancy of the Venetian Generals, have privily by night conveyed themselves from Morea into Canea, being laden with Provisions and Forces, which moved the Visier to some speedy action; to which purpose he raised a great Battery before the Fort St. Andre, and plied their Cannon closely, and furiously assaulted the Outworks, but was bravely beaten off by the Defendants: the Sieur des Marets gave eminent proof of his valour in this Service; who though surrounded, and outnumbred by the Turks, made his way through the midst of them, and regained the Town, with the loss of a Colonel, another Officer, and most of his Followers; yet the Turks had no cause to boast, their own loss being more considerable.  
The Turks did now almost despair of reducing Candia; yet with all their strength they assaulted it in several parts at once, with great cries setting upon the Outworks of the Forts of St. Dennis, St. Andre, the Sabionera and Panigra; but were beaten off the three first with great slaughter: their chiefest and greatest assault was made upon Panigra; where coming on so violently and numerously, they possessed themselves of a small Work without the Fort, and kept it all night: But the next morning Signior Carbonaro, an expert Soldier and Engineer, fell so vigorously upon them, with a party in white Armour, sallying out by break of day, and so nobly engaged them, that after three or four hours dispute, they were dislodged in spite of all assistance; but the Enemy sprung a Mine at their departure under the Work, which destroyed and hurt several of the Besieged, with Signior Carbonaro: But in this, and the precedent days action, the Enemy lost above 1000 men; and since that, played with such fury upon the Town, both with their Cannon and Smallshot, that the General Bernardo Nani was wounded in the head by one of the latter, of which he afterwards died; and some Soldiers were shot upon the Walls.  
In this Month the Captain Bassa being at Sea with forty Galleys, and five men of War of Barbary, met with Cavalier Georgio Maria Vitali, a Privateer of great renown; who not at all considering the vast disparity and disadvantage in the number and strength both of Ships and Men, entertained them with infinite courage, and defended himself for the space of thirty six hours against them; shattering many of, the Enemy's Galleys, and destroying a multitude of their men; but in the end was himself unfortunately slain with a Canonshot, having of 500 men but six remaining; his Ship being extremely torn, fell into the hands of the Enemy, with Goods and Money, to the value of two hundred thousand Reals. During this engagement, which was maintained by the Galleys, the Men of War set upon Captain Sgara, who was in the Neptune, a Ship entertained upon the Public Account, attended by a Pink; the Ship after a resolute resistance was taken, and the Captain too Prisoner; but the little Pinck being nimble, did fortunately save herself.  
June the twenty seventh, the Senate prefented Marquis Villa, who was then making preparations in order to his return to Savoy, with a present valued at 6000 Ducats, in acknowledgement of the eminent services he did for the Republic in this Siege.  
And July the sixteenth, S. N. the Marquis Villa went to take his leave of the College, and received a rich Basin of Gold as a present from the Republic, on which was engraven a grateful acknowledgement of the signal Services he had done them.  
Now the Viziers Army was somewhat increased, but not so much as was expected: the Captain Bassa being nearly related to him, is very zealous to afford him all the assistance imaginable: they still continue the Siege; notwithstanding the Venetian Fleet hinders their supplies, so that there was so great a dearth among them, that a pound of salt-flesh was sold for 40 Aspres, a pound of Biscuit, or Bread, for 20; but Candia had plenty of all sorts of Provisions, by reason that the Christian Privateers, often resorted to their Port, to sell their prizes. Besides, Monsieur de St. Andre Montbrun safely arrived at Candia (to supply the place of Marquis Villa) with a great number of stout Soldiers; who to render himself famous by some enterprise upon the Enemy, made a resolute Sally with a party upon the Turks that lay before the Fort Sabionera, forcing them out of their Trenches with great loss, and destroyed the Work they had cast up against the Fort; and Admiral Morosini, the Proveditor Catarin Cornaro (till the Senate's farther order) in the place of Bernardo Nani, lately deceased. Still the Turks obstinately continued the Siege, and spent much shot upon Sabionera, Bethlem and Panigra; and the Visier ordered a general assault to be made, being informed by a Fugitive Greek, that the Venetians were too slenderly provided in their Forts, to meet with any stout opposition; but he found the contrary, for the Besieged beat them into their own Line, with the loss of some hundreds of their men. Whereupon the Visier caused the Greek to be immediately impaled for his misinformation. The Christians lost some men in this attaque, and among the rest Monsieur des Marets, a person of great courage was killed outright; and Monsieur de St. Andre Montburn received a slight hurt in the face by a stone.  
On Saturday, July the twenty eighth, S.N. the Senate made choice of his Excellency Girolome Battaja, a person of prodigious Valour, and great Conduct, to succeed the late Bernardo Nani in his command, as General of the Forces in Candia; who by Order from the Senate was then preparing to departed.  
Signior Alessandro Molino was made by the Senate Captain of the Venetian Fleet in the Levant, to succeed in the Dignity of Censor; and they also made choice of Signior T●deo Morosini to succeed him in the Fleet.  
The Turks had now given a furious assault to the City, which was continued a whole night; the chiefest force being employed against the Fort of Sabioneca; but were repulsed with incredible valour. In this attempt they were thought to lose 1500 men at least; with several Officers of note: of the defendants, there died about 200, with whom Colonel Aldobrandi, a person of an undaunted spirit, lost his life.  
In another Assault, soon after, the Enemy for some little time were possessed of the Halfmoon of St. Andre; but the Christians having before undermined it, blew it up, with great destruction to the Turks.  
In the Port of Gira Petra, ten Turks men of War, belonging to Barbary, met with five of the Venetian Fleet; the Confidence, the three Kings, the Marry, the Contarino, and the Golden Palm, commanded by the Sieur de Lionne; and after a severe and smart fight, one of the Enemy's Vessels being grappled with the Contarino, they both sunk to the bottom; and the Captain of the Mary seeing that he was altogether overpowered, closed with another Barbary Ship of great strength; but firing his powder, they both blew up together: the noise and roaring of the Cannon in this engagement, had called in three other Ships to their assistance; at whose appearance, the Enemy made away with all the Sail they had, though they were superior both in number and strength; yet they departed not without some evident marks of this sharp encounter.  
The Turks now for several days together played hard. upon the Fort Sabionera, with Cannon and Morter-pieces; and then made a vigorous assault, but were beaten off: and at this time, Monsieur St. Andre Montburn made a stout Sally upon them, in which about 2000 Turks were slain. Now had the Turks received a considerable succour, which spirited the Visier, and made him resolve to hold out the Siege. But 800 Janissaries that were become both unable and unwilling to continue any longer in that service, mutinyed, and deserted the Siege; seeking for an opportunity to embark themselves for their own Country. As the Captain-General of the Christians Fleet was riding about Suda with 15 Galleys, waiting the motion of the Turks Fleet, he received intelligence, that the Bassa of Canea had for the supply of the Camp before Candia (not without the Grand Viziers order) sent 200 select Turks out of that Garrison, to convoy some Cattle, great and small, to their Army: Upon this information, the Captain-General landed a strong party of his, commanded by an experienced Officer, who lay close in ambush somewhat beyond Picorna, where they were to pass; and as they came marching, he fell suddenly in upon them, scattered them, killed some upon the place, and returned to the Galleys with prisoners, and the whole Booty; so that the Cattle were, by the General's order, presently sent into Candia for their supply.  
Much about this time, Monsieur de St. Andre Montbrun observing that the Turks began to confide in, and rely very much upon a small Work they had raised near the Lazaretto, expecting thereby to annoy the Venetian Vessels, as they passed to and fro in the Port; he with some hundreds in Boats fell upon the Turks by night, and forced them to quit the same, which was immediately demolished, according to his order.  
The Turks did murmur, and were very much discontented at the proceed of the Visier, having lost before Candia above 80000 able Soldiers, and trifled away two years' time without gaining any one considerable Post: they generally affirming, that their Prophet could not be expected, in justice, to favour or assist them in a War, that with so little cause, and so great circumvention and treachery, was at first undertaken.  
In August, the Grand Visier continued his Batteries against the Town for thirty six hours together, without the least intermission; in which assaults he lost 8000 of his men; wherein the Besieged received some loss also, and a few Officers. At Santa Vemerando, the Turks raised a new Fortification, which made the Christians sally out, and repulse them with great damage, whereby they did alarm the whole Camp; insomuch, that the Visier himself came to their assistance.  
In this month, Vincenzo Rospigliosi General of the Pope's Galleys arrived at Candia, to the great satisfaction and joy of the Besieged; who was saluted at his arrival with all the Artillery, with Volleys of Smallshot from the Soldiers, and then treated very honourably by the Proveditor General: Rospigliosi did distribute a very large sum of money among the Soldiers, as a Donative, and gave several presents to the Officers. The Christians received supplies again, which they stood in need of; and the Turks played constantly upon the Port with their Batteries, and had lodged themselves upon the Walls of Candia. The Turkish Fleet riding near Canea, consisted of 100 Galleys and upwards; with thirteen Barbary men of War, having found 3000 men at Gira Petra, and 6000 at Canea, to recruit the Viziers Army, which was very much impaired by their frequent assaults, whereby the Besieged had received very considerable damages; for they lost several eminent Officers, particularly Colonel Portario a Siciliot, the Engineer Quadruplano, Serjeant-Major-General Motto, Colonel Gamba, and the Marquis Carlotti. The Turks made several attempts upon the Fort Sabionera, in which they lost in few days 6000 men and better; and afterwards turned the main Body of their Army against the Fort St. Andre; and at the same time, to divert the Defendants, stormed three or four other parts of the Town; but Monsieur St. Andre Montbrun was so vigilant, that after a long and sharp conflict, the Turks were beaten off with great slaughter from all places.  
The Venetians had landed 1000 able Foot about this time, expecting daily greater succours. Now the Turks divided their Army into two Bodies; and at the same time made two desperate assaults upon the Forts of Sabionera and St. Andre, lying near the Sea; but herein they lost great numbers of their men, and the Aga of the Janissaries was carried off by them with a mortal wound; but by an unfortunate shot they killed Signior Andre Semitecolo and Grioni, belonging to the Besieged. Now there arrived at Candia, the Convoy commanded by Giacomo Cornaro with Men and Ammunition, and 500 able Soldiers from Terra Firma, having in all put a supply of above 3000 fresh men into Candia.  
The Venetians being highly encouraged by these supplies and recruits, made a sally upon the Turks that were placed before the Fort St. Andre, and counterfeiting a flight, drew them upon a Mine near the Fort Panigra, where they made a halt, and blew up the Mine, destroying some hundreds of them.  
The Turks having now lodged themselves in the Ditches of Sabionera, endeavoured by a Mine to blow up part of the Courtin; but the execution fell upon their own people, doing little or no damage to the Works.  
On Wednesday the twelfth of Septehiber, S.N. a Ship arrived at Venice from the Armata, bringing in it the body of the lately deceased General Bernardo Nani.  
The Besieged made a sally upon the Besiegers that lay before Sabionera, beat them off of their Works, and carried away with them six of their great Guns: upon which the Visier drew off his Forces forty paces from their former Posts. In one of the Turks assaults, Colonel Prosilio, the Governor Tadeo Morosini, and Colonel Venturini, were all three killed with one Canonshot; and the Besieged, in a sally made upon the Enemy, killed many of them, and retreated to the Town with some of their Baggage, but lost about fifty men, and a Nephew to the Marquis Villa, with three other persons of quality. The Turks made another assault, being heightened with the former success; but were forced back with the loss of 1200 men, which were left dead upon the place. Much about the same time that the Enemy attempted the Fort St. Andre, the Besieged sallied out upon them, and killed many upon the place, taking some Sacks of wool, which the Enemy used to defend them from their shot, with some Swords and Arms, which they carried into the Town. In these assaults, and the sally at the Sabionera, the Christians lost about sixty men, among whom were the noble Marco Barbarigo, Colonel Sala, one Engineer of Burgundy, and three Serjcants; among the wounded were these persons of note, Lorenzo Dona, Francisco Balti, Santo Barbaro, and some others, whose names we could not learn; also the General Cattarin Cornaro was slightly bruised with a stone.  
On the third, fourth, fifth and sixth instant, the Turks repeated their Assaults upon the Fort Sabionera, being moved thereunto by a large Breach they had made, of twenty Venetian paces in breadth; and though great numbers of them fell, they with great obstinacy pursued their design, endeavouring to march over their dead, and to advance their Standard on the breach; but they met with such strong opposition, that the Standard was broke in pieces, and they driven back with extraordinary, damage. In this action the prodigious valour of a Galleyslave was very observable, who was found to have killed forty two of the Enemy with his own hand in one day; which the Captain-General taking notice of, publicly rewarded him, and made him at that instant Sergeant to a Company.  
On the thirteenth instant, the new General Battaja arrived at Candia with 2000 Soldiers, which he put into the Town, with a great sum of money and Ammunition.  
About the latter end of his Month, the reins falling in such abundant showers, destroyed many of their Mines and Pioners, and did them much mischief.  
On the fourth of October, the General St. Andre Montbrun made a notable brisk sally upon the Enemy, from the Fort of St. Andre, beating the Turks out of their own Line, and possessed themselves of one of their Batteries, drawings off a Morter-piece, and intending to carry off their Cannon planted there; but the Turks coming suddenly upon them with their whole strength, obstructed them in that enterprise, so that it proved ineffectual; and they retreated into the Town: Signior Francisco Battaglia, a Duke in Candia, and Brother to the General of that name, as he was with his own hands drawing off one of the Turks Guns, was killed unluckily by a Musket-shot; but his body was carried off in spite of all opposition, by the valour of Carlo Dona, and Pietro Badoar; besides, eighty men were lost in this service, and several wounded; among the rest, Signior Matteo Semitecolo was shot in the Arm: since this, a Fugitive from the Enemy's Camp informed the Besieged, that the Turks lost in this action about 1200 Soldiers; and among them the Aga of the Janissaries, the Grand Viziers Lieutenant, and two other eminent Commanders, and had 1500 wounded persons; which so discouraged the Besiegers, that many of the Janissaries deserted the service, and fled into the Mountains near adjoining: and farther, that 300 Janissaries besides had seized upon some small Barks, and were put to Sea, being quite wearied with the length of the Siege, and the little success of their erterprises, resolving to return home: and withal, that the Enemy's Galleys had landed about 1000 Janissaries, for the succour and reinforcement of their Army; which upon the strictest and most exact inquiry then made, notwithstanding all their supplies and recruits, did consist only of twenty thousand men; among whom were judged to be at least seven thousand Pioners.  
On the fifth of October, the Turks made three several assaults upon the Fort St. Andre; and that so furiously and obstinately, that the Town was in very great danger of being utterly lost: but in the end, the Defendants forced them off with the slaughter of three hundred men, and some Officers.  
The Besieged, about this time, were very much dejected, at the sudden departure of the Popes and Malta Squadron; by which means the Turks took an opportunity to reinforce their Army with some thousands of men; but the Marquis St. Andre Montbrun, upon the appearance of the French Succours, with a party of resolute Germans that were lately arrived at Candia, made a stout Sally, beat the Enemy from their Posts, and did great execution. In revenge of this affront, the Turks the very next day made a general assault with 30000 men at once, carrying Woolsacks before them to keep off the Smallshot; which being perceived by the Besieged, they immediately drew their great Guns to the Breaches, leden with Case-shot, and pointed upon them; which so galled the Turks, that they were forced to retire: whereupon the Besieged made another Assault upon them with great slaughter; insomuch, that the Enemy lost in these actions about 10000 men. Don Vincenzo Rospigliosi, General of the Pope's Galleys, being a little before returned from the service of Candia, which highly incensed his Holiness, excused it by laying the fault upon the Duke De Ferrandina; who being negligent, and not coming up with the Neapolitan and Sicilian Squadrons, which he Commanded, he was unwilling alone to expose the Pope's Galleys to such imminent danger.  
The Visier at this time was very severe, having taken off the head of one of his Bassa's, for making a fruitless assault without order: the Turks fleeing daily from their Colours, and scattering themselves in several parts of the Island, though he had used all means imaginable to induce them to return; but his severity in putting them to death when returned, made the rest betake themselves to the Mountains for security. The Grand Visier despairing of success, having received so many and so great losses by the repeated Sallies of the Besieged, and being very much injured by the Autumnrains, took up a resolution to withdraw his Forces to New Candia; but the Grand Signior being very much incensed at his ill success, threatened him with the loss of his head, if he gave him not a better account of the Siege then hitherto he had done. His Holiness being very active to assist the Candiots against the Common Enemy of the Christian World, gave the Senate his Bull to dispose of some Monasteries in their Territories, to the value of one Million of Crowns, which the Republic made use of.  
At the latter end of this Month, the new Venetian General of the Fleet, Tadeo Morosini arrived at Candia with store of Ammunition, Soldiers, Provisions and Money; wherewith he discharged the Soldier's Arrears, to their. great satisfaction. Whereupon they made frequent Sallies against the Turks to their damage; in one of which, Monsieur St. Andre Montbrun had a slight. wound in the shoulder by a Musquet-shot. The Sister, an able Vessel, belonging to the Venetian Fleet, was attaquet by five men of War of Tripoli in her Voyage homewards from the Levant, who defended herself for many hours very resolutely; but the Captain finding that he was overpowered and outnumbred, and so much disabled that he could make no further opposition, blew up his Ship, and destroyed great numbers of the Turks that were at that time boarding of him.  
In November, the Turks withdrew themselves from Sabionera; but stood still with great obstinacy before the Fort St. Andre, intending to advance upon the Shoar, and shut up the entry into the Haven; but the French succours marching out in four divisions, made a brisk Sally, being commanded by the Duke de Roannez (who was owned there by his ancient Title of de la Fevillade) with extraordinary slaughter of the Enemy. The Count Strafoldi, who arrived about this time at Palma Nuova from Venice, intending to direct his course for Candia, to Command a Regiment of the Germane Soldiers lately employed in that service, was unfortunately drowned, as he embarked at Talia Vento, with eighteen men, by the folly of the Seamen, the Bark being over-set. The Senate ordered, that a present of Gold Plate, valued at thirty eight Marks, should be sent to Cardinal Rospigliosi, as an acknowledgement of the sense they have of his zeal to promote their interest. The Grand Visier having received some succours from the Captain Bassa, was very much encouraged to continue the Siege, raising Terraces about his own Tent, and had taken 2000 of his stoutest Soldiers, as a Guard to his person.  
General Morosini about this time dispatched Colonel Machierotti, a Candiot, with Letters to the Visier, desiring him to accept of an exchange for Signior Lascaris General de Bataille, formerly taken Prisoner; who went in a Felucca with a white Flag before Giofiro; but received this short answer from the Visier, That he came thither to take the City, and not to treat about Prisoners: whereupon Cavalier Grimani was employed in the vacant charge.  
The Turks continue the Siege with great eagerness, notwithstanding their numerous and signal defeats, and the vast inconveniences of the Winter-Season; and press very shrewdly upon the Bastion of St. Andre, playing upon it with their Cannon; by one of which the Sieur du Prc, Major to the Brigade belonging to the Count de St. Paul, had his head taken off; and the Sieur de Chamilly and Lare, was hurt with the stones beaten out of the Parapet by the same shot; the Sieur de Marianval of the same Brigade was slain; the Chevalier de Merinville wounded by a Granado; and the Sieur de Sabloniere hurt with an Arrow. The Grand Signior being willing to supply the Visier, as much as was possible, commanded 6000 men to be levied out of the neighbouring places, sending them to Salonica; but before the Captains could ship them, they raised a mutiny, and betook themselves to their heels, to avoid the service.  
On the twenty-eighth of November, the succours from Malta arrived safe at Candia, and were nobly received by the Generalissimo, and the Marquis St. Andre Montbrun, who was then recovered of his hurt he lately received; but the Duke de Roannez was somewhat displeased, he being disappointed of his hopes of commanding them.  
Now a party of 350 French Volunteers, with 50 more of the Garrison, sallied out upon the Enemy; but the former lost thirteen of their number, and the others three; but they killed some of the Enemy, brought off four of the Turks heads: and the General made another Sally with sixty choice men, who cleared the Trenches, killing fifty time, with the assistance of two Christian Privateers, took five Saiques off of Canea, laden with Provisions and Ammunition, intending for that Port; and in the engagement sixty Turks were slain, with their Captain a Renegado of Calabria, and fifty four Prisoners taken, who were put to the Chain, and the Provisions sent into Candia.  
The Pope now ordered preparations to be made by his Chamber, for the honourable Interment of the Marquis Villa, Commander of the Pope's Forces, in the Church of St. Mary's the great, who was killed in a Sally by a Canonshot, with the same Funeral State and Pomp that was made for Signior Mutio Mattei, who had the same Charge, and died in the same Cause.  
The Grand Visier having intelligence that the French Forces were re-imbarqued, and homewards bound, made a furious assault, in the night, upon the Bulwarks of the Sabionera and St. Andre, at the same time, with 4000 men at each place, and obstinately disputed with the Besieged for two hours' space; but they were forced to retreat to their Posts, leaving the ground covered with their dead, and carrying off many that were wounded: the Christians losing not above forty men in this service.  
About the latter end of February, or beginning of March, Morosini the Captain-General or Admiral of the Armata landed at Candia with 2000 able Soldiers from Zante, 1700 Barrels of Powder, and a great quantity of Provisions arid Ammunition.  
The three Regiments of Lunenburghers, consisting of 2500 stout, well-disciplined men, were in March embarked for Candia, being very well satisfied with their noble reception at Venice; the Senate bestowing gold Chains upon their Officers, and a Ducat apiece was given to the Soldiers as a Donative. About this time, the Christians sprung a Mine, and fired it, by the which was destroyed a great number of the Enemy, with a Turkish Engineer, who was in great repute among them, and whose directions they observed in all their attempts. The Visier, to revenge his death, and the loss of his men, sprung a Mine too; but it had not that effect which was expected: and then the Turks, by his command, attempted the Bulwarks of St. Andre with Ladders; but they were beaten off with great loss, and many of their Ladders were by force drawn up from them into the Town. Upon the Pope's request, his Imperial Majesty granted him 3000 men for the succour of Candia, who were privately listed without beat of Drum, out of the Imperial Hereditary Countries only.  
On Saturday, March 30, 1669, S. N. the noble Giacomo Cornaro was chosen Proveditor General of the Armata, and Signior Pietro Diedo an experienced Senator, as Commander of a Convoy of many Ships laden with all manner of Provisions, and wherein also were many Soldiers, Surgeons, Gunners and Labourers to be employed about the Works, and in the Mines. Colonel Giovanni Battista Zano endeavouring to take a Gallery from the Turks near Santo Spirito, was buried in one of their Mines; but the General sent out a strong party, who beat off the Turks, and recovered his Body out of the ruins of the Mines, and carried it into the Town: Signior Pietro Diedo by reason of his extraordinary indisposition of Body, was upon his request excused from his Voyage into the Levant; and the Senate made choice of Cavalier Zozzi Cornaro in his room.  
In April 1669, the Turks made three desperate assaults upon the Town, but were in all of them beaten off; and the Besieged by the successful firing of one of their Mines, totally ruined the Enemy's Mount and Battery raised before the Fort St. Andre.  
In this Month the Grand Signior sent a Bassa to the Visier, who in his name condemned the Visier for the little advantage he had made in the Siege, trifling away three years' time, with an expense of so much Treasure, and the loss of such numbers of men, as might suffice for the Conquest of entire Kingdoms. The Visier being very much dissatisfied with this message, gave a furious assault to the Bulwark of St. Andre, and Ravelin di Santo Spirito; but the Turks after an hours hot dispute drew off; and about 5000 of them hoping to pass over one of the Mines of the Besieged of 150 Barrels of Powder, it was fired, and blew up 3000 of the Enemy, wounding and disordering them; and taking hold of this advantage, made a sally upon the Besiegers, and returned to the Town with 1000 Prisoners, or thereabouts.  
On Saturday, May the twenty sixth, S.N. the Holy Sacrament was in St. Marks Church in Venice, pablickly and solemnly exposed and on the Tuesday following, the Duke, Senate, and the greatest part of the Nobility went in Procession; public Prayers being made in all Churches, to crave a blessing upon the succours and supplies intended to be sent to Candia by the Republic.  
Now the Grand Visier being very apprehensive of the Christian succours from several parts, was resolved to make a general assault on the Forts of Sabionera, St. Andre, and Santo Spirito, ordering his Army (which notwithstanding his recruits, consisted but of 24000) into three Bodies, to be employed against those three places; and for the better expedition of his design, did from several Batteries play for several days upon the Town, and principally upon the Jews quarter; upon which they had done some execution; but he altered his mind, as to the general assault for the present, and called a Council of War, being resolved, if possible, to oblige the Town to a surrender, before the arrival of the Christian supplies: and in order hereunto,  
On the tenth of May, two hours before break of day, the Turks, according to their usual custom, fell upon the Bulwarks of Sabionera with great noise and fury, but after a bloody dispute of three hours' continuance, the Christians springing several Mines, forced them to a rude and disorderly retreat, leaving several scaling Ladders behind them; and they lost in ' this service three Bassa's, with several other eminent Officers, besides a great number of men.  
And about this time, the Venetian Captain-General of the Armata, having received intelligence, that there were eighteen men of War belonging to Barbary, entered into the Grand Signiors Service for that Summer; and were set out from several parts of Alexandria, Smyrna, and Soria, laden with Men, Ammunition and Provisions, bound for Canea, divided twenty four Men of War, under his Command, into three Squadrons, with orders to engage the Enemy, if discovered. The Admiral himself sailing to the Eastward of Candia with ten Ships, where he discovered them, making all the Sail imaginable for Canea, whom he immediately fell upon, without any consideration of their number, and a smart dispute was entertained for some time; but the noise of the Guns brought in another Squadron of eight Venetian Ships to his assistance, so that in a short time the Enemy was worsted, six Vessels sunk, and four taken, the rest making away from him very much torn, and in great disorder: besides the number killed in that engagement, they took 800 Turks Prisoners.  
The Besiegers, notwithstanding all these ill successes, continued on Shore, pressing the City on all parts, plying it with their Batteries and Granades, especially on the side of the Fort St. Andre, where his Excellency Signior Cavalier Cattarin Cornaro, Proveditor extraordinary of the Armata, was killed unhappily by a Granado, which wounded him in the flank, who received the Sacrament, and died an hour after.  
On Monday, June the seventeenth, S. N. the Senate made Election of his Excellency Signior Alvise Mocenigo, to succeed in the place of the deceased Cavalier Cornaro, and conferred the Dignity of Knighthood upon his Brother Signior Girolamo Cornaro, in testimony of the high esteem they had to the party slain, ordering a solemn Funeral to be celebrated for him upon the public account, and a stately Tomb to be erected to his memory.  
On Saturday, June the twenty second, there arrived at Venice a Ship from Candia, with the Body of the late deceased Proveditor extraordinary, Cavalier Cattarin Cornaro.  
The Venetians had now received several Recruits, under the Command of Signior Priuli, as well as the Turks; who with somuch assiduity continued their Batteries, Storms and Mines, that they made themselves Masters of the most part of the Fort, & planted there a Battery of ten pieces of Cannon, intending to play upon the Retrenchment of the Christians, with the which they dismounted several of the Defendants Cannon, and did great execution in the Town. In these late actions, Signior Giacomo Contarini received a very dangerous wound in the Arm; Colonel Pini, an experienced Officer was killed; and Monsieur de St. Andre had a slight hurt in the Arm, by the breaking of a Granado.  
The French Succours put to Sea in June, and arrived at Candia in his most Christian Majesties Fleet, commanded by the Duke de Beaufort; the Land-Forces being under the Command of the Duke de Navailles. And the Duke de Beaufort went in person to visit the City of Candia, who was received with the discharge of all their Artillery, and with great acclamations; who taking a view of the Enemy's posture, received a slight wound by a Hand-Granado.  
About this time one Andrea Borazzi fleeing to the Enemy, proffered his service to the Visier, promising to inform him which were the weakest parts of the Town; who was sent accordingly with some Turkish Officers; but he leading them to an Eminency near the Walls, that they might the better survey the Town, the besieged fired a Mine under him, which blew up the Officers, he only escaping: but the Grand Visier commanded him at his return to be put in Irons, suspecting his design to be a mere piece of Treachery.  
Still the Turks employed their whole strength against the Bulwark St. Andre, and made a considerable Breach in the Retrenchment; but the Christians opposed them undauntedly, and repaired by night what they beat down by day; and sprung a Mine of 150 Barrels of Powder under the Enemy's Battery upon the ruins of the Bastion, which blew up a great number of the Turks, and four of their Guns: but the Besieged lost a person of great Resolution and Conduct, the Noble Pietro Querini, by a Bomb, which breaking, gave another Officer a mortal wound: the Captain-General (who flood between them, observing the Enemies) remaining untouched. The Sultan upon advice of the arrival of the French supplies, proposed terms of peace, as he had formerly done oftentimes, only to amuse them, he being absolutely averse to any such thing in reality, and to gain upon them the better by such fair propositions.  
The Turks now had by their frequent assaults and mines, made themselves Masters of the ruin'd Bastion of St. Andre, except a part of an Orillon, which was still in dispute. But the General with a party of flout men made a sally upon the Turks; who not being able to stand in opposition with them, quitted their Posts: This vacant time the Besieged spent in casting up a small Defence there, which kept the Enemy at a farther distance.  
Now that the French Forces were arrived, and the Duke de Navailles had consulted with the Captain-General; the Turks were advanced, and had taken up their Posts upon the Bastions of St. Andre, and la Sabionera: upon this Consultation with the French and Venetian Officers, it was thought very proper to attaque them upon the Sabionera; and the Duke de Navailles, the General of the Forces, desired to have those Soldiers out of the Garrison, that could be well spared; which they condescended unto: and farther, order was, given for five or six hundred Pioners, to be employed in throwing down the Works made by the Enemy; and a Sally to be made at the same time, to divert them from sending relief to the other side. The Duke de Beaufort unwilling to be an unactive spectator, offered them 1500 men out of the Fleet, and put himself in the head of the French Forces, being ready to receive Orders from the General, though very much urged to the contrary. And thus he entered upon action.  
June the twenty fourth, first 400 commanded men marched out, and 50 others with Granades at the head of them; after them three Troops of Horse, under the command of Monsieur Dampier; then the Regiments of Gaures, St. Valier, Lorraine and Bretagne followed, with four Troops of Horse upon the Wings, besides a party of the French Kings Musqueteers, and 100 Reformed Officers placed between the first and second Line, to be ready upon any occasion. The Forces that came from the Fleet were at the same time to fall upon the left-side of the Sabionera; and Monsieur Marshal of the Camp appointed to assist them. In this Order they marched silently and undiscovered, and drew up in Battalia, in a little plain near the Enemy's Camp: the commanded men coming within Musquet-shot, were fired at by the Turks; and then Monsieur de Dampier was commanded by the General to fall upon two Redoubts in the head of their Quarters, being assisted by some of the Guards; which was so courageously and successfully managed, that they took them immediately, and put every men to the Sword; and then their Lines were entered, and the Regiments of St. Valier and Lorraine possessed them: the commanded men with the Companies of Guards, beat the Enemy out of their Trenches and Works. Thus far their designs prospered, though they had but 300 of the 1500 expected from the Ships; nor were any Venetian Forces nor Pioners sent out to their assistance, as was promised.  
The Turks having thus deserted the Camp, drew up into a Body, upon a rising, on their right-hand; which being observed by the General, he in the head of his Forces marched towards them, and beat them twice from their Station; but he charged them so home upon the third rally, that he gained the place whereon they first drew up their men. Then happened a cross accident that ruin'd that whole days designs; for some Powder, Morter-pieces and Granades, taking fire by chance upon a Battery which the Guards were possessed with, they forsook the place in disorder and confusion, though Monsieur Castellan used all art imaginable to bring them back; and the 300 men that came from the Navy, fell into the same disorder, notwithstanding all the endeavours of the Commanders to rally them. This made the Turks begin a fresh charge; whereupon the Admiral, Monsieur Colbert, and the fifty Musqueteers, joined with the first Battalion, and manfully opposed them; but this accident had imprinted such a general terror upon the Soldiers, that they were obliged to retreat; which was much favoured by a Courtin, made good by the General. The Body of Reserves was invested by several Forces, which after a slight skirmish at the Bastion of St. Andre, were sent to assist their fellow-soldiers at the Sabionera; who also retreated disorderly at last. The General gave signal testimonies of his Courage and Conduct in this days disaster; and made good his Retreat, passing through a party of the Enemy, with three or four Gentlemen only that assisted him; but if all things had been performed as was intended, this day might, in all probability, have put an end to the Siege. The Venetians had in all 600 men which were killed and disabled. A Trooper escaped from the pursuit of the Enemy, found the Duke de Beaufort so wounded, that he had not strength to get up behind him; and he drew him a while by the Arm, thinking to bring him off; but being so closely followed by the Turks, that he was compelled to flee, he left him to the Enemy, who killed him presently upon the place.  
Yet the next day, being the twenty fifth of June, about 200 of the French made a Sally out of the Bastion of St. Andre, which gave such an Alarm to the Turks, that they came to make good their Posts; but the Besieged firing three Mines, blew up many of the Besiegers, with some Commanders of Quality; and destroyed a very considerable Battery.  
On July the fifth, S. N. the Count de Vivonne arrived at Candia with the French Galleys, who took possession of the charge of Admiral, finding the Fleet destitute of one. The same day also arrived the Squadron of Malta Galleys with eight hundred Soldiers.  
On the sixth, the Duke de Navailles, being overheated in the late engagement, fell into a violent Fever.  
On the twelfth of July, arrived a Convoy at Candia with 1600 Soldiers, Ammunition and Monies.  
The Baron de St. Marre, Captain of the Guards to the Duke de Beaufort, hearing as yet no news of his Master by Spies, or any other means whatsoever, went in person to the Visier's Camp; where being admitted by him into the Tent, he gave him a view of all the Heads that were cut off in the late fight; but he could not find the Admirals among them; at which the Visier was very much dissatisfied, and afterwards gave him liberty to discourse with several Prisoners in the Camp, but he could learn no news of him that was satisfactory.  
On the twenty fourth instant, all the French, Malta and Pope's Squadrons were ordered to lie before the Turks Post at St. Andre, where they fired upon the Enemy's Camp, and did them great damage: but when the Generals had drawn out their Forces, and were ready to fall upon the Besiegers, the Terese, which was the French Vice Admiral, blew up by some unfortunate accident, or a shot from the Enemy, with 400 men aboard, to the damage of several Vessels, the Admiral particularly, that lay next her, and the Captain's Galley that took fire also, but was quenched; which made the whole Fleet put out to Sea, and hindered the General's design of making a Sally: but the Turks received great hurt by the firing of the Fleet; and lost an Aga, the Viziers great favourite.  
On the thirtieth instant, a Sally was made by Monsieur Colbert at the Sabionera, with some execution upon the Enemy; but Monsieur Colbert was slightly hurt in the head with a stone which fell from the Gate, broken by a Morter-piece.  
The General Girolamo Battaja was mortally wounded, in three places, by a Morter-piece breaking near him, which was discharged from the Enemy's Batteries, he being then busied about the Sabionera, and giving Orders to his Officers against some fresh approach intended by the Besiegers. The Turks continue still employing their greatest force against St. Andre, having raised a Battery, and planted eight Guns thereon, firing upon the Retrenchments made by the Besieged, to supply the ruins of that Fort; but were valiantly opposed and repulsed: however, the Enemy took an advantageous Post near the Scozzese; which made Signior Navaglier, a Noble Venetian, sally out with a party of Soldiers, intending to dislodge them; but he received a dangerous Musquet-shot in the neck. The Turks still plied the Town with showers of Stones, Morter-pieces and Granades; and Count Waldeck General of the Brunswick Forces, was killed with one of them. The Besiegers then endeavouring to bend their strength towards the Arsenal, on the side of the Sabionera, met with such opposition, that they gave over that attempt, and converted their Forces to the other side of the Town, where they made themselves Masters of the first Retrenchment, not without great loss; and did attaque the second; but the Besieged had cast up two other Works behind them, with large Trenches.  
In Angust, the Duke of Mirandola arrived at Candia, and landed his Ammunition with 1400 of his own men, and 600 others, and moneys for the Soldiers.  
The Turks had now cast up a great Mount upon the ruins of the Bastion of St. Andre, and planted several Cannon upon it, with which they greatly annoyed the Town; but to frustrate this design, the General caused the Church of St. Frances to be filled with Earth, and drew twenty great Guns upon it, which played hotly upon the Enemy, dismounted their Cannon, and made the place altogether useless.  
The Turks still laboured hard to take in the second Retrenchment; but the Defendants fired a Mine made under that Bulwark, which being divided into several Branches, killed many of the Enemies, destroyed part of their Works, whose ruins divided 400 Turks from the rest of the Body, so that they could not possibly escape, but were all taken prisoners, and carried into the Town: and the Besieged made another successful Sally, upon the firing of another Mine, with an incredible slaughter to the Turks, and brought off with them a considerable number of the Prisoners. Then the Turks on the other side of the Town, endeavoured to shut up a Sally-port near the Sabionera, that so they might make a farther progress towards the Sea, and by degrees attempt the Arsenal; but by a Sally in favour of several Mines, they left off that enterprise with loss.  
Now the Auxiliary Forces sent from France were embarked, being in all 88 Sail, in order to their return. Upon whose departure, the Turks took courage, and immediately fell upon the Sabionera, and St. Andre, with two great parties, thinking the Besieged were dispirited, and quite disanimated, the French Fleet being gone; but they found the contrary to their detriment, losing 3000 men, after three fierce assaults; and the Defendants but 200, with several that were wounded; who by firing of a Mine of thirty Barrels of powder under the Bulwark, where the Enemy had raised a Battery which much infested the second Retrenchment, that was wholly destroyed, and the Turks in great numbers either blown up, or buried in the rubbish of the Battery.  
The Generalissimo at length, finding after all their Sallies, Assaults, Mines and Skirmishes, that Candia was reduced to a mere heap of Rubbish, being so far entered by the Turks, and the Garrison so lessened, that there remained in it no more than 3600 men fit for Service, so that it was thought absolutely impossible to preserve it any longer from the Enemy, called a Council, where it was resolved nemine contradicente, that they should use their utmost endeavours in order to a Treaty with the Visier about a Surrender; and accordingly Colonel Arnardi, and Signior Scordeli the Vicechancellor, were employed to manage the Treaty; and on the first of September, were sent out to the Post on the side of Giofiro with a white Flag, whose business was communicated to the Grand Visier: The news was immediately spread throughout the whole Turkish Camp, and entertained with excess of joy, and Commissioners appointed to treat on the Turks behalf; between whom that whole day was spent, with no other issue, but that the next conference should be in the open Field, before the Fort Demetrius, where the Turks set up a large Tent for that purpose; where the Treaty was continued till the fifth of September, and then the Articles were concluded upon by both parties; for performance whereof they gave Hostages on both sides, particularly Signior Calbo Commissary for Provisions, De Riva Lieutenant of the General Guards, and Zaccaria Mocenigo, from the Venetians; and the Beglerbey of Temiswar, Mahomet Bassa, the Aga of the Janissaries, and Gassi Bey, the Tefferdat of Romilia, from the Turks.  
The Turks Hostages were sent into Candia and the Venetians into the Turkish Camp, where they had an extraordinary civil reception, there being a rich Apartment prepared for them, a Guard of Janissaries ordered to attend them whither they pleased, and a Table of thirty Dishes of meat allowed  

their Arms and Baggage. That he permit the Inhabitants, who have no desire to continue there, to retire with their Families, Kings and Jewels, whither they please. That he consent, that the Captain-General may carry away all the Republics Sacred Vessels, and all Ornaments whatsoever belonging to their Churches.  
Seventhly, that the Captain-General may take out of the City of Candia 320 Brass Guns, which are to be in the power, and at the free disposal of the most Serene Republic of Venice.  
Eighthly, that the Prisoners and Slaves taken on both sides, during the Siege of Candia, be immediately restored; the Captain-General and the Grand Visier having already given out their Orders required for the execution of this Article.  
Ninthly, that all these Articles agreed and faithfully executed, both parties shall swear and promise to preserve the Peace reciprocally, and inviolably, for the advantage of the Trade, and the mutual quiet of both their Subject.   
On Friday, the twentieth of September, the Garrison marched out without the least disturbance; the Visier being resolved to be rendered as famous for his justice in performing Articles, as for his vigilancy and courage in War.  
September the thirteenth, a stately Hearse was exposed to public view in St. Marks Church, and the Church itself hung with Black, and filled with many Lights, in celebration of the Funeral of his Excellency Signior Cavalier Cornaro, where a solemn Mass, and variety of excellent Music, was performed by several Quires; and in the close, Father Cosmi pronounced a Funeral-Oration, wherein was an account of all the eminent Services of that Illustrious Commander.  
On the twenty second instant, the Senate resolving to confer the Dignity of Procurator of St. Mark upon Signior Francisco Morosini, Captain-General in Candia; the great Council being assembled, the Election was made by a general suffrage; and the favour was the greater, in that there being then no vacancy, he was added a supernumerary.  
On Friday, September the twenty seventh, the Forces were drawn out of the City of Candia; and the same day, according to the Articles of Agreement, the Keys were sent to the Visier, who received them with many signs of joy, and rewarded the person that brought them with a large sum of Money; whereupon he immediately sent into the Town some of his people to cleanse it, and take the dead bodies out of the four principal Churches, viz. of St. Francis, St. Titus, St. Salvator, and St. Peter; about which work several days were spent. The Grand Visier's civility was eminently manifested to all the Venetians Officers of any note; but more remarkable to the Generalissimo Morosini, to whom he gave several presents, with this Compliment, That the Peace should be as long-lived as his Command; to whom the General returned several presents likewise.  
On the fourth of October, the Grand Visier made his solemn entry into the City of Candia, at the Breach of St. Andre, with all his Army, which consisted of about 15000 Soldiers, & between ten & eleven thousand Pioners; besides other necessary Attendants. At his entrance, he found the City empty, without People, Goods or Provisions; there being only left behind two Greeks, three Jews, and eight more strangers, whom the Visier would also have sent away; but they were of opinion, it was more convenient to change their Religion then City, and so turned Turk.  
Since the Grand Visier's entering into the City, he hath converted the four principal Churches thereof into Mosques, for the worship of Mahomet; and the other are turned into Stables, for his own, and the Horses of his Soldiers.  
In this Month the Articles of Peace were ratified by the Grand Signior at Larissa; and on Monday, October the twenty one, S. N 1669, the French Ambassador made his address to the Venetian College, with Compliments of Condolency for the Surrender of Candia, and of Congratulation for the Honourable Articles of Peace concluded between the most Serene Republic and the Ottoman Port; which were, the same Evening they came to their hands, being the eighteenth instant, ratified and confirmed by the Votes of the whole Senate, three only excepted; and the Ratification immediately dispatched to their Captain-General.  
Since this, Signior Cavalier Molino was chosen Ambassador extraordinary to the Grand Signior, with an ample and firm Ratification or the said Peace, together with a noble and rich Present of Cloth of Gold to himself, and several considerable sums of moneys, as Presents to his Officers and Ministers.  
Now the Generalissimo Morosini left the charge of the whole Army, with the Conduct of the Fleet which is to transport the Venetians, with all things necessary, to the care and management of Monsieur de St. Montbrun, who made some stay at Standia, he himself being gone to Suda, with several persons of Quality, the Natives, a Squadron of Ships, and a considerable quantity of Provisions, and number of Men, to reinforce that, and the rest of the Garrisons that continue still under the Jurisdiction of the Republic; and to furnish them with all things convenient and necessary for their defence, upon all occasions that should happen.  
The Visier was now resolved to remain at Candia, and to take up his Winter-Quarters there, notwithstanding the many solicitations to return to the Ottoman Court, and the joyful entertainment and reception that he might rationally promise himself from the success of this tedious and long Siege; excusing his absence, by representing to the Sultan the necessity of his continuance in that Island, to settle his Conquest; but 'tis thought by some, that he was unwilling to intermeddle with the troubles of that Court, till he could see the issue of the affairs of the Sultaness; who hitherto had preserved the lives of the Grand Signiors Brethren, by the assistance and help of the Janissaries, that had espoused her interest, and engaged in her concerns.  
The Generalissimo Morosini still continued visiting the Forts and Garrisons in St. Candia, and the Neighbouring Islands. Whilst the Senate took all care imaginable for the disposal of those distressed Families, who upon the Surrender of Candia forsook their Habitations; and issued out Orders to provide for their reception and maintenance in the Towns of Pola and Parenzo in Istria. The Archbishop of Candia having lost his Benefice, obtained the Church of St. Gregory, by his application to the Republic, in lieu thereof, and the Revenues thereof were to be settled upon him towards his support, and the maintenance of the Dignity of that Prelate; two of the Canons of which Church were dispatched to Rome, to procure Power and Authority from his Holiness, for the settlement thereof accordingly.  
Having thus given you a description of Candia, in its Ancient and Modern Capacity, with an account of the beginning of the Siege in 1666, its continuance in the years 1667 and 1668, and Surrender in the latter end of 1669: We will close all with this Observation, That it is a most prodigious thing, scarce to be paralleled in History, though it ought to be Registered to the immortal honour of the Venetians, that an inconsiderable small handful of men, notwithstandihg all Attempts, Assaults, Mines, Countermines, Batteries, Martial-Stratagems, and opposition whatsoever, both by open force, and private Treachery, should be able to defend one single City by Sea and Land, against the whole strength of the Ottoman Empire, for the space of one and twenty years together: which should incite all Christian Princes to imitate them in such Noble and Heroic Actions, and unanimously to defend their Territories against the Sanguinary Turk, who is, and ever hath declared himself to be the Common Enemy of Christendom.  
FINIS.