Licenced, Sept. 8, 1668. Roger L'Estrange. THE HUSBAND Forced to be JEALOUS, OR THE GOOD FORTUNE OF THOSE WOMEN THAT HAVE JEALOUS HUSBANDS. A Translation by N. H. LONDON, Printed for H. Herringman, at the Sign of the Blue Anchor, in the Lower Walk of the New Exchange, 1668. THE HUSBAND Forced to be Jealous: OR, The Good Fortune of those Women that have Jealous Husbands. TImander and Clidimira having loved each other for some time, without any accident happening in their Amours, considerable enough to be related, were at last Married, to the great contentment of them both. The Ceremonies of their Contract was performed in the house of Clidimira, where after a Magnificent Supper, which lasted till the night was very far spent, the Company diverted themselves very agreeably in attending the morning; which no sooner appeared, but this Excellent Couple were conducted to the Church, where they were Married with great Solemnity; which was no sooner passed, but the Bride and Bridegroom separated themselves, and every one returned to their own Houses, as well to repose, as to prepare and adjust themselves for the great Ball which was that night to be at one of the most Famous Treating-houses in that Town; it having been the ancient custom for the Richest Gentlemen of that place to make their Wedding-Feasts at those kind of Houses, when they Married their Children or Relations publicly. The afternoon of that same day, as Timander was dressing himself to go to that great Supper, he received this note from a Woman he esteemed very much, and in whom he absolutely confided. Melasia to Timander. I desire to see you as soon as you have received this Paper, and that you will believe that had I not been persuaded that your Life and Honour both were concerned in what I am to tell you, I should not trouble you with this request upon a day wherein you cannot want Employment, and which you ought to dedicate wholly to Love. Melasia. Timander had no sooner read this note, but resolved to go to Melasia's House, imagining he might return home very quickly, and thought the excuse he had was lawful enough to make him quit, without incivility, the best Company in the world; yet because he had been formerly suspected to have more than an esteem for Melasia, he was unwilling upon such a day as this, to give his Bride and the rest of his Friends and Kindred any just cause of complaint against him; and therefore he stole out alone through a back door of his Garden, which led to a private Street, where he took a Chair which carried him to Melasia's House, without meeting any by the way which could discover him. He found her waiting for him in a low Parlour, where after some general discourse, she told him that she was desired by Thersander, a Neighbour of hers (who was not unacquainted with the particular Friendship she had had a long time with himself) to procure for him the Honour of speaking with Timander at her House that afternoon; which at first she had refused, telling him she could not desire that favour for him, without rendering herself very ridiculous, in sending for a man to discourse of business upon his Wedding day; but when Thersander had at last assured her, that the meeting which he desired with Timander, concerned the Life and Honour of them both, and that the deferring it a moment longer would be fatal to them; She then resolved upon giving him the trouble of that note, which he would soon pardon when he had received the reason of it from Thersander, who waited for him in her Chamber; whither if he pleased to go, they might discourse freely, without being heard or interrupted. Timander had some suspicion of the occasion for which Thersander had sent for him; yet he was unwilling to discover those thoughts which then possessed him, to Melasia; but humbly thanking her for her charitable concern for him, he made haste to the Chamber, where Thersander who had impatiently waited for him, no sooner saw him appear, but he went toward him, and saluting him with an Air which clearly discovered the trouble of his Soul, in a loud voice said to him; Sir, I thought myself obliged to use this Artifice in obtaining the satisfaction of you this day which I expect; for although I know you generous enough not to deny what I am come to demand, yet such a day as this would have been excuse just enough to have refused any challenge I could send you; and therefore I resolved to speak to you myself. Know then (said he) that I have long loved Clidimira, and report spoke loud enough that I was not hated by her; yet when some Domestic Affairs of mine carried me into the Country, you cunningly made use of that time I was absent, to demand Clidimira of her Father, and obtained his consent to Marry her; who being compelled to it by her Father, yielded to your happiness rather by obedience then by inclination. These proceed of yours have so enraged me, that I am resolved upon a revenge, and to deprive you of life, before you receive the satisfaction of seeing Clidimira in your Arm●; for should you this night have that good fortune, I should receive but an imperfect satisfaction in sacrificing you to my just resentments to morrow; and your death would be but too happy in the remembrance of having enjoyed the Fair Clidimira: And therefore my resolution is, not to quit you this day, till you have satisfied my demand. And though I were sure to die in that Combat, replied Timander (coldly) I would nevertheless defer it a few days longe● because to the pleasing remembrance of having had the Fair Clidimira in my Arms, I should add the blessing of leaving an Heir of her blood, is well as mine, that should one day revenge my Death. You have reason, said Thersander, that Son of yours perhaps may kill me, but I think he will want strength to do it; for the spite of seeing a Son of yours caressed by Clidimira, will destroy me before he can be old. enough to think of revenging his Father's Death. Well, let it be so, replied Timander (with an Air much colder and disdainful then before) yet I have a desire to defer Fight two or three days longer; for I know my Victory over you this day will be too cheap, because the thoughts that I am going presently to enjoy Clidimira, will certainly press me on to hasten your Death. And the vexation to lose Clidimira, said Thersander, will give me no less courage; and therefore let us go out presently and try if Fortune will be your Friend. I am still unresolved, answered Timander, whether I should satisfy you before I have seen Clidimira in my arms; yet now I think on't, said he carelessly, I will fight with you to day, since you tell me you are in a condition to defend yourself so well; though I had rather stay till I had enjoyed Clidimira, because your anger then would be raised to such a height, that it would add to your courage, and so heighten the glory of my Conquest in overcoming a Rival, whose just and violent despite will then render the most Furious of Men. Well, well, said Thersander, I pretned not to my own defence, but compel thee to defend thyself, and therefore let us go presently. Timander replied not to these words, but went out first, looking back upon Thersander with an Air that shown little fear to all his threats. In going from Melasia's House, they both desired her to let none know they had met there: So taking their several Chairs without any Attendance, they caused themselves to be set down in a little Village hard by that place, where they entered into a house, sending away their Chairs; who being gone, these Rivals went into the Fields, where finding a place fit to their design, they drew their Swords, fight a great while without advantage on either side; but as Fortune would have it, Thersander after he had fought as valiantly as he had spoke audaciously, received a wound, of which he died a minute after. Let us leave him to die in peace, and also Timander to shift for himself, whilst we return to see what passes in the Town. The desire which these two Rivals had made to Melasia to conceal their having been at her house, and their furious looks in going from her, gave her some suspicion of their design; and having racked her imagination to find out the ground of their Quarrel, she remembered that Thersander had been formerly in Love with Clidimira; which confirmed her in the belief that they were gone to fight; and knowing her fault in being the occasion, she resolved for her own sake to conceal their having been at her house that day. In the mean time all those who were invited to the Feast, prepared to appear there in all their gallantry; the house of Clidimira was all joy, every one was busy in dressing the Bride, and nothing was forgot that might set off her natural Charms; yet when she was dressed she had the misfortune to attend very long the coming of the Bridegroom, who was expected to conduct her to the Treating-house, where all the Company stayed for her: But Clidaris, Father to Clidimira, growing weary of staying so long, and believing that his Son-in-Law came not thither because his Lodging was so near to that house where they were all to meet, waited upon his Daughter thither himself; where he was no sooner entered but he asked the Company if the Bridegroom were come; they answered, No. He waited yet a great while longer, and then went himself to seek him at his Lodging, but was strangely surprised to find that none there knew what was become of him: So this good Old Man returned back again to entertain the Company, which was already very great, and waited impatiently the hour of Supper, but were forced to stay longer yet, still hoping the Bridegroom would come at last; but every hour receiving a new disappointment to those hopes, they began to fret, and then to grow very angry, and that anger at last gave way to a fear that some misfortune had happened to him, and to that fear was added the los● of those hopes that all day had so comforted them, and now made them desperate: In fine● the sight of those delicious things before them, that would have comforted any other hearts increased their trouble instead o● satisfying them: The Fiddlers were sent away grumbling exceedingly, though very well paid, and were so impudent to curse the Marriage, although they went from that Wedding much lighter and wiser, and every way much better, than ever they had gone from that Treating-house in their lives: After the Fiddlers were gone, the Treater himself came up stairs, and told the Company, that the meat would be spoiled if it were not presently served in, and that he had spent already a bushel of Coals in keeping it warm. In the mean time the poor Bride was all in Tears in the midst of her Kindred and Friends that were comforting her; and as for the rest who were not so familiar, and others that Fortune had brought in to that place (for at those kind of Treats there always comes more Company than is invited) they knew not how to carry themselves; there being many Persons there, more concerned for the loss of the Supper, than the absence of the Bridegroom: Most of the Children slept near their Mothers, and those that were awaked never left crying and bawling, ask indessantly when Supper would come: On the other side, the Pages and Footmen entertained themselves pleasantly; some saying, they should have the best part of the Feast if their Masters and Ladies eat nothing; others cried for fear their Masters should carry them away with them before they should get a share. At last it struck One a Clock, and the Company taking every one a bit very hastily, left almost all to the Laquays and Pages, without giving them any time to eat it: All the Guests waited on the Bride to her Lodging, and left the Treater and his Men astonished, having never yet seen such a kind of Wedding as this at their house. When Clidimira was in her Chamber, they undressed her, but not with the usual Ceremonies of such kind of days; there was no Posset nor Banquet at her going to Bed; no body looked pleasantly, nor was there any so merrily disposed as to hid themselves in the Bride-chamber; on the contrary, those that were not sad enough, yet endeavoured to appear so; and there were some that could scarce forbear laughing to consider the disappointments of that day; and all in going home discoursed upon the way of this adventure, seeking for the reason of this carriage of Timanders, which they could not imagine came from himself, because no body had forced him to this Marriage, to which he had always expressed a most violent inclination. But whilst Clidimira sighs alone in her Bed, let us return to him that should have possessed the half of it, the poor Timander, whom we left so near an expiring Rival. Timander no sooner saw his Rival fall, but he left fight with him; Thersander expressed some desires to speak to him, but was not able to pronounce a word, and died a minute after he had received the fatal stroke. This Conqueror when he saw his Rival without life, thought of nothing else but going presently to taste the pleasures Hymen had prepared for him; but it growing very late, and having spent much time, and gone further than they imagined to find a place unfrequented enough to fight in, Timander in coming back by those unknown ways, which instead of carrying him to the Town, led him further from it, and to increase his misfortune, was set upon by Five Thiefs; and although he was one of the most Valiant of his time, yet he was far from being one of those Heroes who give death or flight to all those that assault him, how numerous soever they be. All that Timander could do, was to fight like a Valiant Man, and not like one of those Demigods: He defended himself a great while, killed one Man, wounded another; but he also received a wound himself, that put him past fight for that time, and so those Robbers stripped him and their own dead Companion, leaving them both for dead, although Timander was not, though he was something near it. When he came a little to himself, Oh Heavens! said he, with a Languishing voice, is it possible that I am that Timander, who this morning thought himself the happiest of all Men, and who this afternoon have been so Fortunate to overcome a most terrible Rival? Look round about the World, and an adventure like mine can never be found. I was yesterday at this hour in the midst of Divertisements, and Fortune seemed to prepare more and greater for me to day; in the mean time, by a Caprice which that blind Goddess alone is capable of, the same hour she promised me all those Pleasures, she has thrown me naked in the dark into the middle of a Field, wounded and alone, and perhaps upon the point of expiring without help, or hope of receiving any, and without knowing what way to go to be delivered from this distress; and all this to happen in a time when Love and Hymen accompanied with all kind of delights, waits to conduct me to Marriagebed. Thus this miserable Man, instead of hearing his Epithalmium Song, lies cursing the Capritiousness of Fortune, and lamenting his unhappiness, unheard, and unrelieved by any; his Enemies you may imagine hasted not to his relief, they stayed not so late nor charitably in that Field; there passed by no generous unknown person to carry him to his House, and dress his Wounds, and persuade him at last to relate the History of his Life, which would not have taken up much time; yet notwithstanding he received help in the midst of these Disasters, and help which came from Heaven, although it was but a glimmering of the Moon, which lighted him to a Peasant's house, whither he made shift to crawl; and knocking at the door, he told those people that spoke to him through the Keyhole, that he had been Rob, and was Wounded; he added to his Tale promises of a recompense, which was more powerful with them then all he had said before, and made them open their doors to him, after they had peeped through the window to discover what manner of man he was, and whether he was wounded or not. Timander was no sooner entered that house, but he desired them to fetch the nearest Surgeon; which the Farmer's Son ran for with all the diligence imaginable, bringing with him a Surgeon that was by chance at that time in the house of a Gentleman who lay sick hard by that place. The Surgeon having searched his wound, found it not mortal, and gave him very good hopes of a speedy recovery from that weakness, which only proceeded from his loss of so much blood. This unfortunate Hero after he was dressed, slept all that night very well, and in the morning writ a Letter to his Father-in-Law, to tell him the place where he was, conjuring him to come and bring Clidimira with him, desiring him to let none know that he had heard of him till he had seen him. He sent this Letter by his officious Host, with a charge not to answer any question whatsoever was made him. The Father of Clidimira received this Letter with great joy, and immediately carried it to his Daughter, who agreed with him to go privately to the house where Timander lay; which was not very difficult, since it was at so near a distance, they might easily go and come in a day. This good man, after he had conducted them into the Chamber of his new Guest, went out, leaving them at liberty to discourse freely. Timander desired them to lay aside their fears for him, his hurt being not at all dangerous; withal he told them, since they were persons so near and dear to him, he would not disguise any thing from them of what happened to him since he last saw them; and he hoped the strangeness of that sad accident that had befallen him, would be his excuse for leaving them so suddenly that day; and then he related the whole story of his adventures, desiring their counsel what to do next, and to tell him what the world said of his absence, and whether people did not already suspect something of the truth of what had happened to Thersander. Clidaris told him, that Thersanders' Kindred knew nothing of it as yet, and only believed that the vexation to see his Mistress married to another man, had made him quit the Town, and that they were not in much pain for his absence since; and that Melasia had confessed nothing of what she knew from whence they conjectured that she would always conceal it, for her own sake, she having been the cause of their fight. After this and some other discourses concerning these matters, they all agreed to conceal this accident happened to our Hero, but were much put to it to frame an● excuse for his going away upon such a day, there being scarce an● Apology to be found for a man● that willingly absents himself on his Wedding-day, unless he had been Married by force, which he was not; and therefore not knowing what reason to give, they troubled not themselves much, but resolved to let the World think what it pleased; and now let us see what they did. Clidaris and his Daughter having stayed some few hours longer in that place, took their journey towards the Town, carrying with them a Letter written by the Hand of Timander, and sealed with his Seal; and when the next day their house was full of those Kindred and Friends that came to make their condoling Compliments, this Letter of Timander's was brought in (by a Stranger hired to that purpose) Clidaris read the Letter softly to himself, appearing extremely surprised at the news it brought, which he pretended he could no longer conceal from the Company, but showing the Letter, he desired them to rejoice with him at that good news it brought. But before I tell you the Contents of the Letter, you must know that the Mother of Timander was yet living, and dwelled in a Country house some fifteen miles off that City, to which house her extreme age had confined her so Timander cunningly writ word that although he more deserved their pity then blame for his having been obliged to quit that person in the World which he loved best, and upon his Wedding day; yet the just scor● that he knew the World would put upon that action, condemning it as a want of Love to his Dea● Clidimira, had been an extreme affliction to him, yet he hope● those Censurers of him would condemn him no longer, whe● they read the truths of that Letter, which were these. At his going from Church to hi● own Lodging that day he was Married, he found upon the Table in his Chamber a Letter, which informed him that his Mother was dying, and desired to speak with him before she died, of some business which she would deliver to no other, and was of great consequence to himself. And just as he was reading this Letter, he saw passing by his door a Friend of his, who was going in his Coach to the Country, and being to pass by the door of that house where Timander 's Mother lay sick, he took that opportunity of going along with him; believing the Note, which he hastily wrote to his Father-in-law by a Laquay which he left behind, would excuse that abrupt leaving him for that time, and also his dear Wife, who though he was then snatched violently from, yet now he desires passionately to see. This Artifice prospered well, you may imagine, since it was confirmed by the Parties concerned, who well enough knew the truth; as for those that were not so, they did not dive so deep into the matter, and so the Company all concluded this excuse very reasonable, and the whole fault was laid upon the Laquay that Timander sent to carry this Letter. Clidaris and his Daughter that had not so great a journey to make as was imagined, went the next day to the house where Timander lay, instead of going, as they pretended, to the house of his Mother: They stayed with him till he was perfectly recovered, and during their abode in that house they heard that there was a man found dead in the Fields, whose face none knew, and therefore people supposed he had lain there a long time, and likewise believed he had been murdered, because they found his Sword in the Scabbard, and he was not robbed; they carried him to the nearest Church. All this persuaded our Hero and his Company to believe this dead unknown person was the unhappy Thersander; for Timander confessed he had left him in this posture on purpose to disguise the manner of his death. As soon as this unfortunate Bridegroom was healed of his wound, he returned to Town with this company, and was so happy to find none in that Town suspected the least of what had happened; and since you may believe their Marriage is consummated, it is time to speak a word or two of their persons. Clidimira was the only Daughter of her Father, her stature was low, and though she was very agreeable, yet none could call her a Beauty; she had that I know not what charming Air which takes so extremely, and is often seen in those indifferent Women, but seldom or never is found amongst those great and perfect Beauties, which are so Celebrated in the World: her Wit resembled her Beauty, and although it was not very great, yet it was full of those flashes which made it so much admired in Conversation. To all these charms was added that much more attractive in the eyes of most Men, a great Estate; and that was the reason why Timander sighed so passionately for Clidimira, his own being very small, though in revenge to that, he was one of the most accomplished Men of his time; and therefore Clidimira consented so easily to Marry him. The humour of these two Persons you shall shortly know. Six months after the Wedding of Timander and his Clidimira, he was visited by one of his nearest Kindred, that was his neighbour in the Country; this Person having not conversed with him since his Wedding, and being one of a pleasant humour, and much inclined to Mirth, he asked Timander a hundred questions concerning his Marriage, and at last he desired him to tell what kind of humour Clidimira was of. Timander instead of answering to his demand, told him, that since he knew him a great lover of Novelties, he would show him a new piece of Wit that was given him that morning, and taking a Paper out of his Pocket, gave it to this Friend, which he received with much joy, and read these words, The Jealousy of Women. Although it is the common opinion that Men are more inclined to Jealousy then Women, yet it is as true, that though Nature and Custom have given the power only to the Husband, yet those Women that are once infected with this disease, disturb that Prerogative of their Husbands, giving them often a trouble; which renders those Wives so insupportable, that the strongest Jealousy of all mankind is nothing, if compared with the effects which the clamour of these Women produce, of which there are innumberable examples. When a Man is so unhappy to find a Mistress of that humour, she makes him suffer un-imaginable Torments; what business soever he has, and what lawful excuses soever he makes to her, yet he must be always in her company; who will not be persuaded to believe his. Affairs can be of more importance then to visit her; and if at last she is convinced that in wasting his time in her company, he also loses his Fortune; yet her humour is so Fantastic, that she grows jealous of Fortune itself, and fears lest that Goddess should favour him too much, and suspects that her Servant will one day forsake her, to give himself up entirely to Fortune. If by chance she meet him in Company, he must speak to none but to her, and appear the most illbred, and uncivil Man in the World, only for a quiet life with her, who will break off with him twenty times in a month; protesting she will never more speak to him, and yet will piece with him again at every visit he makes her; and although she scolds perpetually, breaks off, gives him an angry reception, appearing always displeased, yet her Flames for him still burn; which confirms me in the opinion that Jealousy is a great sign of Love, and that notwithstanding all the troubles which the Jealousy of Women give, yet no Woman's Love is to be confided in so much, as that of her that is Jealous of her Servant. You see now what a jealous Woman does before she is married; let us now discover if she will be more reasonable afterwards. Marrimony sometimes cures the jealousy of Men, who had some reason to fear some other person more happy than they might snatch away that Treasure which they aimed at, and having it not in their possession, had a just excuse for their jealousy of all those Rivals which laid claim to it as well as themselves; but Women are of another mind: They hold, that there is much more reason for jealousy after Marriage than before, because the apprehension of losing a good we enjoy, is much greater than that of being deprived of what we only hope for; and therefore a Woman says, that if before she is married she would have her Servant always to attend her, now that he is a Husband, she will prove it his duty always to be with her, scarce suffering him to stir a minute from her, though it be to go about his domestic affairs; still believing he gives more time to those businesses than is necessary, or else that he is diverting himself with Company that pleases him better, when he is not with her. This happening (from the odness of her humour) every day makes her insupportable to her Husband, who is not able to endure her reproachful complaints, so often and violently repeated in his ears, with sharp upbraids and continual murmur, because he courts her not now at the same rate he used before she was his Wife, when he entertained none but herself in all Companies where they met; which now she bawls to have him do still, giving him a dreadful look if he fix his eyes (though by chance) upon any other Woman in the room. But she appears for this the more ridiculous to all the World, who discovering her jealousy, rallies her severely, and makes her Fantastic insolent humour the diversion of most conversations, whilst in the mean time she is busy in following her Husband into all places, and spares no cost to find out all his intrigues, being assisted with that excellent help, Jealousy, which added to a Woman's craft is very ingenious in making those kind of discoveries; but this knowledge is so far from curing, that it exasperates her disease to that abominable height that none can express but those poor unfortunate husbands that so often suffer it without complaint, who if they were asked can better describe then I, How far the Fury of a Jealous Wife can Transport her. And therefore I will not venture to say more to it then this; There is no sight in the World so terrible, as a Woman in this condition; her Eyes, her Actions, etc. all express her a Fury, and if by chance she hold her peace, her very looks are dreadful enough to make the boldest man to tremble. What is become then of that softness so charming and natural to that Fair Sex? It is for ever banished from the first minute this cursed Jealousy seizes them, and to their great misfortune; for if they could but once call it back again into their looks, their Husbands would quickly be reconciled to them; but the Jealousy of these Women abhors the only remedy that can cure their Disease; for if ever any Wife would lay aside that Fury which so Transports her, and complain to her Husband with a good grace; if she could overcome her passion so far as to sigh only loud enough to be heard by none but himself, and instead of complaining of him to all the World, stifle those fiery sighs which so justly are called the Children of an undiscreet rage, and makes her appear so ridiculous to the lookers on; if she did only appear to him in that lovely soft charming Melancholy, against which there is no Man's heart so hard as to resist; then she would get that victory which she loses in those other mistaken ways, which that ill Conductor, Jealousy, leads her to her own ruin; and it is most certain, that those quarrels which so often arise between a Man and his Wife, would never begin, or else quickly end, if the Wife would but make her complaints with mildness: but the miserable distemper of Women is such, that when once they have begun to declaim loudly against their Husbands, they can never give over, whether they have cause or not; their Jealousy so blinds them, they are capable of no Sentiments but what that Passion inspires; and therefore the Senate of Marseilles had reason to accept the petition of that Man that asked leave to kill himself, to be delivered from the Tempest of his Wife: How well that word Tempest expresses the clamour of a Jealous Wife, and shows still more and more that a Man can suffer no greater torment than that! And although it is confessed to be a great proof of Love, yet it were better let alone, for it does more hurt than good; yet a rational Man ought not to be displeased with the Jealousy of his Wife when it is not excessive, as I have showed before; the Jealousy of a Wife being commonly accounted a greater sign of Love than that of a Husband, because most part of Men are Jealous only of their own Honour, but Women are Jealous only of their Husbands. But as there are very few of these kind of Women that I have described, I hope from the rest of that Fair Sex (who are exempt from this dangerous Passion) the justice of their votes on my side, instead of their anger for what I have writ; which will be a great strength to me in the War I shall always maintain against those furious Ladies, whose humour at last receiving a change, there may be nothing found amongst all Women but Perfections. After this Gentleman had read this Paper, which made him laugh in many places, he repeated these lines, which he found most to his taste; The Jealousy of Wives is commonly a greater sign of Love than that of the Husband, because that most Men are Jealous of their Honour, etc. When he had again read over that part, I remember, said he to Timinder, that a little before you gave me this Piece, I asked you concerning the humour of your Wife, and you gave me no reply: You have no great reason to complain of that, said Timander, for since you asked me that question, I think I gave you that which pretty well resolves your doubt, and leaves me nothing more to say; yet I perceive (continued he looking steadfastly upon him) that this discourse surprises you; but you must know that this piece, which fell by chance into my hands, and that which you have been reading, describes exactly the humour of my Wife, who I believe was the Copy by which it was drawn. It is scarce six months since I Married her, and since that hour her Jealousy has almost made me desperate. He had said more, but was interrupted by a person that came to him about some business, so his Kinsman went away, leaving them together, it is no matter whither he went; I have only undertaken the relation of the passages between Timander and his Wife, therefore let us pass on to something more divertising. Timander having Married (as you have read) Clidimira more for Love to her Fortune, than her Person, therefore it is no wonder he was not very fond of his Wife, being none of those Husbands that make Court to their Wives as much after their Marriage as before; yet he nevertheless paid her (like an honest Man) all the respect imaginable, was extremely civil to her, and refused her nothing she asked, giving her liberty to live where and how she pleased, hoping that would teach her to allow him the same liberty of living according to his own Fancy; but he deceived himself, for his extreme compliance gave Clidimira too much confidence, and by little and little she at last grew not to fear him at all; and when the Jealous humour took her, made loud complaints to all the world of her Husband, not apprehending his displeasure in the least. Timander on the other side was very little concerned for this Jealous humour of his Wife, and altered not his custom of going abroad very often to divert himself; and being a Man as gallant in his Humour, as handsome of his Person, he pretended Love in many places, and often complained of a Passion which seldom troubled him, making Court to all the Women he liked. Not long after he was Married, it was his Fortune to see a very handsome Woman called Almaziana, and was so happy to be placed near her at a public Feast: none are ignorant how a man well read in Gallantry behaves himself at such an Entertainment, where he had time enough to make his Wit sparkle in the Conversation before the Meat is brought in. Timander made good use of his time, and so charmed the Fair Almaziana and her Mother, that he obtained their permission to visit them at their house; which he failed not to do very often, and with such assiduity, that he gained all the esteem of the Mother, and tenderness of the Daughter, who knew not that he was Married, till an accident happened, which I am going to tell you, which entangled this Monsieur not a little. The Mother of Almaziana came to him one day and said, Sir, I have much acknowledgement for your kindness to our House, and Passion you have so long expressed to my Daughter; and therefore I do with all my heart give you my consent to Marry her this day if you please. Timander was surprised at this discourse, not knowing what answer to make; for if he confessed himself a Married Man, he feared a certain banishment from the old Lady's house, whose Daughter he by a frequent conversation had begun to like with a more than ordinary esteem; and therefore without much pumping for an answer, he promised the old Lady to Marry her Daughter very suddenly, trusting to his Wit for a new pretence every day to put her off, till he had accomplished his design. The first it presented him was this, he said he had writ a Letter to a Kinsman of his who was gone to Italy, for his consent, whose approbation concerned him very much, and till that Letter was answered he could not Marry, but he hoped it would not be long in coming, and that she would give him leave to stay for it, which was much against his will. But see how Fortune thrusts itself into Affairs, to which she is not called! It happened that Clidimira was informed of all these passages by a Merchant that went often to the house of Almaziana; Clidimira was in such a rage at the hearing of this, that being unable to go to Almaziana's house (by reason of some indisposition of health) she presently writ a Letter to the Mother of that young Lady, stuffed with all the railing she could invent against her Husband, sparing not the old Lady herself, who she passionately reproached for permitting her Daughter to be Courted so easily: So that the next visit which Timander made to Almaziana, he was amazed at their cold reception of him; the old Lady asked him if he would find no other excuse to defer his Marriage with her Daughter, though his Friend in Italy should give his consent, or if he had not in that Town some other inclination besides her Daughter. Almaziana seeing him nonplussed, told her Mother that she injured Timander in believing it was Love that hindered him from performing his promise to Marry her; for she knew well enough, that the only person in the world who had power to oppose it, was one that he hated extremely. Timander hearing her speak so, presently imagined they meant his Wife, and began to suspect some body had told them he was Married; but still believing they were not certainly informed of the truth, he denied all, till, they shown him his Wife's Letter, which he no sooner read, but he turned those denials into excuses, and spoke a hundred pleasant things upon the resistless power of Almaziana's Beauty: but yet for all that he was forbid the house. As soon as Timander received his dismission from thence, he went home, and far from quarrelling his Wife for the Letter she had writ, he patiently suffered (without answering one word) all the reproachful Language that the most violent anger and the cruelest jealousy could put into a Woman's mouth. Clidimira finding by that silence of his, that her jealousy was not without cause, set herself to watch her Husband's actions so narrowly, that she discovered the best part, and not only interrupted all his divertisements by her Spies, but followed him herself into all Companies whither he went, and there she made the laughing world a witness of her Follies: but when she saw that signified nothing, and the greatest part of the shame fell to her own share, she began to think that the only way to take him off from that way of Life, was to make him jealous; which she resolved to do without inujring her Virtue. Some time after she had made this resolve, she went to visit one of her Neighbours, where there was much Company, who having spoke to divers Subjects, they at last came to jealousy. Clidimira disputed to admiration against all those that condemned that Passion, declaring that that Woman who had a jealous Husband, was perfectly happy. Every one contradicted her, and chief Argantes, who was one of the greatest Gallants of that place, and had long time defended the side he had chosen against all the Arguments of Clidimira; but at last he told her he yielded her the Victory, which he had so long disputed with her, only to have the honour at last of being Conquered by so charming an Enemy. After that the discourse changed to another Subject, in which Argantes and Clidimira took no part, but entertained one another all the time that conversation lasted: he promised her to write a Piece for her of the advantage of all those Women that have Jealous Husbands, and to make it more agreeable, he would set down the greatest part of those expressions which she had so wittily declared in their favour; he also desired her permission to wait upon her at her own house, which she granted him; he gave her a visit two days after, she no sooner saw him, but she challenged the performance of his promise, which he presented her in these words; The good Fortune of Women that have Jealous Husbands; or the Apology of Jealousy. All those who are acquainted with the Passions of women, know very well that their Love is violent, and their Hatred is excessive, and that their desires are to be loved at their own rate, will not think it strange that they should profess themselves happy in having Jealous Husbands, because Jealousy is a sign of Love; and whatsoever is a sign of Love, cannot certainly displease those Persons that Love Passionately, and desire to have that Love returned: yet the most part of the World would persuade, that Jealousy is less supportable than Hatred, and that it cannot but be extremely troublesome; and therefore I would here endeavour to discover all the advantages and delights of it. The jealous have in all Ages been so unfortunate, that by a big and strange injustice, they have been still condemned by the greatest part of the World, without having yet been so happy to find any person that would undertake their defence; but on the contrary, most People agree in declaiming against them, they dare not show a fear of losing a person they Love, without exposing themselves to be called troublesome and ridiculous persons; as if the fear of losing what is beloved (which is in all others called a demonstration of Love and Reason too) were only Criminal in the jealous, whose fear of losing what they Love, is caused by the Beauties, which they discover in that object, and whose excellencies makes them believe others may admire as well as they; and from that fear grows their Distemper, which is so much condemned by the greatest part of People, who rather than they will leave any excuse for these who are unfortunately touched with jealousy, and to justify their censures of the thoughts and actions of these miserable persons, are also unjust to Beauty itself, which in all Ages has been so adored; and that Beauty to which so many Temples have been, they now seek to deprive of all its Ornaments, rather than they will want the satisfaction of condemning the jealous with more applause, not allowing them sentiments so just and natural, which have been in all Ages authorized by custom and reason both, and are still allowed to others, not only for all other things that are Beautiful, but also for all Beautiful Persons. There are more Women than are believed, that make frequent complaints against those Persons who persuade Husbands that they grow troublesome to their Wives in those visible proofs of affection, of being too often seen in their company; and truly those Women do not complain without cause; for the Husbands of these days are too much inclined to hearken to those pernicious Counsellors, who condemn all public expressions of hindness between Man and Wife, calling it jealousy, and accusing those Husbands for distrustful ill natured Men, and have at last made it the fashion to cry down all fond Husbands as the most criminal amongst Men. These Censurers do not only cry down this virtue so rarely found amongst Men, but they make it pass for a ridiculous humour, and no Man dare now adays be seen in his Wife's company without exposing himself to the public Raillery; as if Men Married their Wives only to be rid of their company, and Women took Husbands only to see them no more; for if a Man comes into his Wife's Chamber before night, he is looked upon as a troublesome impertinent; and if he stay at home much, his Wife is pitied by all the Town as the miserablest Woman in the world; let her do or say what she will to contradict that report, nay, though she is Passionately fond of her Husband, and expresses it in great raptures, no body believes her, all conclude it is her virtue alone that makes her speak so. Strange injustice of the People of this Age! that will force or imagine that these persons can live in any satisfaction when they are separated from that half of themselves, without whose company it is impossible for them to taste any true delight or lawful satisfaction; and since I have told you that most women take delight in that part of jealousy, which is called the most troublesome, I mean the company of their Husbands; let us now see if they will take less satisfaction in those other effects which this Passion produces. If to express a fear of losing what one Loves, if to believe that Beauty is to be Loved by all persons that look upon it, and if the assiduity of Husbands to their Wives, are by these condemners of jealousy accounted such horrible crimes; judge then what opinion they have of the careful and suspicious part of it which yet never Alarms an honest Wife but to make her virtue the more known, and affords her many pleasures and advantages which I will show you, after I have a little examined what these Critics upon Love require from a Husband, and a Lover in the discovery of their Passions. Although there is no Lover that ought not to fear that what he is not yet possessed of, may be carried from him by some other more happy man, and therefore may justly be jealous of his misfortune; and although the jealousy of a Lover is only this reasonable fear, yet he is not permitted (without drawing upon himself the hatred of his Mistress) to make the least complaints of her, or to discover any resentment against his Rivals; but on the contrary, he must be civil to those cruel Enemies of his that seek to deprive him of all his happiness, nay, although he sometimes too clearly discovers them very near the accomplishment of their designs to ruin him. Is there any Laws in the World so severe as those that are imposed upon jealousy? Must a Man give no testimonies of Love for fear of being called jealous, and be either insensible, or else endeavour to appear so? Must he Carress his Enemies, and find out a way to be Victorious without fight, or doing any thing to show the greatness of his Courage? He must besiege a Heart without making use of Love to take it in, although no other Arms but those of Love have force enough to cause that heart to yield; yes, he must do and suffer all this, or else be looked upon as a troublesome Chagrin, ill-humoured Person; and so that heart which ought to be the reward of him who Loves most, is often given to him who appears the most insensible. But if these Testimonies of Love are so troublesome from a Lover, and (as these blind Critics say) deserve the hatred of his Mistress; those that a Husband gives are insupportable, and aught to make him hated by his Wife; all that comes from him displeases (if we must believe them) they condemn his Love and all the proofs he gives of it; they blame his jealousy and all its effects; what then shall we call Love, since they condemn it and all its effects, and will acknowledge it no longer? They would (without doubt) have it live in indifferency; for if a man express a passionate fondness of his Wife, or by all his actions assures her that she is not indifferent to him, then presently these people say, he is an enemy to his own repose and also to hers; they would have married men love coldly, or at least without discovering any remainder of that Fire which they so much complained of before Marriage: They also find fault with all those little cares which some Husbands take to show their kindness, concluding that they are signs of Hatred, not of Love, and that all those who make use of them, hate even in loving: but though they will have it that Love produces Hate, etc. must it needs follow that Hate produces Love? will the passions produce their contraries, to authorise the Caprices of these men, and to better their cause? or if they should confess (with some, who though they are on their side, yet are less severe) that in the midst of that Hatred, Love does discover itself; yet how will they reconcile these two great passions? can two things so opposite consist together? can a man hate what he loves, and loves without ceasing? It is true, Jealousy and the little doubts that usually accompany it, does give some trouble to the person beloved; yet nevertheless that pain serves only to give a better relish to the following pleasures, as the rigours of Winter sets off the delightful Freshness of the Spring: How pleasant to Lovers are those little quarrels which Jealousy creates! how full of pleasing raptures and ravishing joys are those little skirmishes in the Wars of Love! how agreeable and charming is that reconcilement of those Lovers who repent of their Jealousy! All true Lovers will confess and acknowledge that an Age of suffering the most cruel torments imaginable is absolutely forgot, and largely recompensed in the charming ecstasy of that sweet moment of their reconciliation; the pleasures it affords are so great, that if they could be expressed, yet they would seem incredible; therefore I will only say, that if the joys which Loves War gives are so great, what can express those delights its Peace affords? But we see every day (say these Censurers of Jealousy) that even amongst these pleasant quarrels arising from the doubts of Lovers, there are some that last very long, and are very troublesome both to the Lover and the person beloved, and though this Jealousy is at last cured with much satisfaction, yet it has been the cause of all the past vexations; and therefore it is said with reason, that Jealousy creates innumerable evils, though she appears but once, yet she is the foundation of all those disturbances, etc. And that is one of the strongest of their proofs, for all those things they impute to jealousy, which they affirm nothing can destroy; I will endeavour to prove the contrary, and describe here the hatred of a Jealous Person, though I confess, if all things were judged by appearances, I should accomplish my design with much difficulty, there being some actions of Jealous Men that seem very often to express more hatred than Love to the Person beloved; yet it is a true saying when they complain most, Love is in their Hearts, although Hate be in their Mouths. Let us now examine what kind of Hate this is that reaches not the Heart, and whether or no it causes any pain to the Person beloved. Those Women who have sometimes been the object of this kind of Hate, know very well that Love accompanies it, although he disguises himself, taking Hatred for a vail; yet the covering not being large enough, some parts of him will be seen, he is easily known through all disguises, and that of Hatred of this kind is too little and too thin to hid him; his rays pierce that Curtain easily, so as it may be said, Love stands behind that vail of Hate which Jealousy causes, even as the Sun that shines behind those envious Clouds that sometimes interpose themselves. So this beloved Person having been acquainted with the usual effects of this jealousy, is not at all Alarmed by it, and remains without fear, whilst all the world is afraid for her, and pities her condition; she knows the advantage will be hers in the conclusion, and looks upon that hatred (so dreadful in the opinion of others) as a resemblance of those storms, which when they are blown over, render the day more Fair, and the Calm that follows more delightful; and this makes her rejoice even in the midst of the Tempest. But lest some mistake that Hatred I have endeavoured to describe (which cannot hid Love, and is only caused by the little doubts and fears of jealousy) and take it for that other kind which the world calls Hate, I think it not unnecessary to speak a word of it in this place. That which the world calls Hatred, is a Passion that cannot endure the object which created it, nor hear it mentioned without Fury; it wishes nothing but ill, will not be appeased, all its transports are violent, affects nothing but War and Treason, threatens perpetually, and takes a Pride in being Invincible. But that Hatred which I have told you of, does nothing resembling to this; it Loves passionately that which creates it, and never hears it named without satisfaction, wishing it nothing but good; and all its Transports are Raptures of Love; and it may justly be called a Hatred proceeding from Love, because it is begot by an excess of that Passion, and it loves and seeks after nothing but Peace; it desires not to be eternal, and is born only that it may quickly die, complains only to be appeased; and whereas that other sort of Hatred desires to lose the sight of that object which created it, calling it insupportable; this Hatred (which I mean) Courts it to her, and hates it only because she Loves it; in fine, it is nothing but an angry Cupid that desires to be stroked and kissed, and though he take the name of hatred to disguise himself, yet he is too well known to be long hid, and cannot leave loving, though he may desire to hate. That which was spoken by a French Lady to her Lover, ina haine pour toy va jusques à l'extréme, si l'on peut toutesfois hair ce que l'on aime, proves this truth; and let us see, that although hatred is sometimes in the will, yet it is never in the power of a Lover. Thus you see the difference that is between hatred and hatred, between the common hatred, and that which is caused in the heart of a Lover from the doubts of jealousy, which may subsist with Love, which is impossible for the other kind of Hate, unless Love and perfect Hatred could be reconciled. Nevertheless, to convince all those who condemn jealousy, and to let them see that it is not the cause of so much ill as is imputed to it; let them assure themselves, that there is nothing at all of what I have said, if a Man find his suspicions true, and that he is not deceived by appearances, and so comes to an expressible hatred of the person beloved. But what is the hatred of a Lover? What is the hatred of a Husband? has it not deceived all those who confided in it? what do they not do to stifle it in themselves, and to destroy it absolutely? what do they not do to kindle that Fire which they put out so much against their will, and which they do desire to re-kindle? one look mingled with sweetness, a Sigh, a Tear, one kind word of justification quickly appeases their hatred, though it appeared implacable; which confirms this saying, A suspicion cleared, re-kindles a strong Love. Two Persons are never more united, nor more inflamed, then after a quarrel of this nature, and she that seems to have suffered most by the injustice she met with, receives now a pleasure much above her former pain, when she sees the Person beloved prostrate at her Feet and ask her pardon, expressing his fears of having lost her affection by his rashness, in suspecting her of infidelity. Caressey importunes her, and appears ashamed and confounded at this Crime, and is more submissive and passionate then ever. Besides the pleasure and extreme joy which this re-inflamed Lover gives to the person beloved, she has this great advantage from it, of making good use of that time, in which a man can deny her nothing, but grants all requests a Woman can make, and which at another time are not so easily obtained: there is also this advantage to them both in such a reconcilement, which can hardly be made without a knowledge of the virtue of his Wife, which when the Husband's Jealousy has served him to find out, it is a ravishing discovery; and since there are many things unknown because untried, a Jealous Husband has this advantage of an indifferent careless unsuspicious one, he may answer for his Wife's virtue, which the other cannot do, having never given himself the trouble to inquire whether she were virtuous or not. I have told you before, that some Women rejoice more than is imagined in the company of their Husbands; but since I have not told you why they do so, and that these enemies of Jealousy will not believe it, I will speak a word or two concerning that. Since there is no pleasure can equal that of being in the company of those we love, we must not wonder if Women that love their Husbands are fond of their company, complaining when they do not stay with them, and grow jealous of their absence, believing themselves hated, suspecting that their Husbands fly from them to please themselves in places where they are not, forgetting that they are married; besides, another great vexation is the expense which they believe their Husbands are at in other places, which is often but too true: and thus they weep, torment themselves, make complaints, and suffer the greatest torments imaginable, without receiving any help from those fruitless tears and doleful stories which they tell; for they are irremediable griefs, which nothing can cure unless it be the Jealousy of their Husbands, because Jealous Husbands are always with their Wives, and waiting very assiduously upon them, giving them no cause of suspicion or complaint, because they are still so happy to be with them they love; which shows that there are Women who desire their Husbands should be always with them. But if there are Women found of this humour, to wish their Husbands should always stay at home with them, there are also Jealous Husbands in the world that will not permit their Wives often to go abroad; but since they have always been condemned, and their Wives looked on as Prisoners and Unfortunate Persons, let us see whether they are as unhappy as the World thinks them. Those Husbands that see plainly that their Wives pay to them without dispute all the obedience they require, and are satisfied that this obedience proceeds from Love, return, caress them extremely, redoubling their kindness to them every moment: They receive other great advantages by their obedience, besides that of letting the World see the great power their Husbands have over them, and the great interest they have in his heart, which is very rare, and is no little glory and honour to those Women, whose Husbands, though they are always with them, yet put no restraint upon them at home; and when they go abroad, they take care to bring these Wives whatsoever they fancy will please their humours, as New Fashions, Fine Rarities, etc. And it is observed, there are no Women go better dressed, and wear richer , than those who have Jealous Husbands, which is very agreeable to that Sex, whose ambition for Gallantry is almost as powerful with them as that of Love. If all Women were of this humour of loving the company of their Husbands, if there were no Gossips in the World who love Gallants, and to be Courted; perhaps I had well enough proved that this jealousy is not so odious as it is believed: but since it is too well known, that it sets all those kind of Women upon the rack, it will without doubt be said that I was not able to justify jealousy in all cases; yet I wish it were true, that jealousy would but give them all those tormenting inquietudes and cruel pains it is accused of, perhaps it would oblige them to alter their course of life; but these Gossips have so much wit and cunning invention, they turn all this to their own advantage, as well before, as after they are Married; for whilst they are un-married, the jealousy of their Lovers gives them but little pain, because they have too little power over them, and too much respective fear to those persons they adore, to torment them, by doing any thing against the humour of those Coy Mistresses, who know their own strength well enough, and use it to their own advantage; but the jealousy of their Husbands who they must fear and obey, is not the same, for that disquiets and enslaves them (at least in their own opinion) yet they nevertheless draw these great advantages usually from it. The Ambition of these Women being to be Courted, and to have all sort of Gallants, the jealousy of their Husbands, instead of preventing, draws the greater number about them; some Men making Court to their Wives, believing the hatred they ought to have of their Tyrants (for so they call their Husbands) will make the Conquest very easy; others think, that a Woman that has power to create jealousy must needs have something extraordinary, although she is not handsome. Some fancy there is much pleasure in deceiving a jealous Man, and the rest adore her, imagining it a great glory and a sign of Wit to have a Mistress that gives such jealousy, and is so much Courted by others, striving to be in the fashion; and thus the jealousy of the Husbands gives these Women what they wish, an extraordinary crowd of Gallants. But some will answer, that although it is true the jealousy of the Husbands is the cause of all this Gallantry, yet these crowd of Lovers cannot defend her from the ill humour into which that jealousy puts him, but on the contrary creates it; I grant that is most certain, yet nevertheless they usually draw their greatest advantages from that ill humour of their Husbands; for they being very cunning, they easily know how to appease them at any time, though in the mean time they use all their endeavours to make the world believe they are ill used, by publishing this ill humour of their Husbands, and especially to those amongst their Gallants who they cannot affect, and have a mind to banish; and also to gratify those whom they do Love best, by telling them how much they suffer for their sakes, and to what dangers they are often exposed by the extreme passion they have for them, from the rage of that jealous Husband who perceives it. This expression of kindness from a beloved Politic Woman, gives these obliged Lovers an unexpressible joy, who presently believe themselves much more beloved than they are; and in this Fool's Paradise into which these gossips have led them, blinded with the fancied dangers these poor Women are exposed to for their Love, they think they can never be grateful enough, though they almost ruin their Fortunes with the vast Presents they make them; which are received by these Women with delight, and many a jeer to the deluded Fool that presents them: which confirms what I say, that the jealousy of the Husband is not so prejudicial to those kind of Wives as it is imagined, since it brings them in all that they care for; as in the first place, giving them a handsome occasion to rid themselves of those Men they hate, without being in the least suspected by those discarded Gallants. Secondly, making them pass for handsome by some, and beloved by most, and passionately adored, and richly presented by the Men they like. This is all I can tell you at present of the good fortune of those Women that have jealous Husbands; and though I have not spoke well enough upon such a subject, yet I have in the discovery of my thoughts endeavoured to show you Joys, Pleasures, and other considerable advantages, even in the midst of is most terrible in jealousy; and I think I have forgot nothing to show you that those troubles which are caused by jealousy, are many times the occasion of great profits even to those people that complain most; you have also read how it serves to make known the Virtue, Wit, Merit, and all the other good qualities a Woman is capable of, and how it is of equal advantage to the Married and Un-married, to the Virtuous, and those that are not so, and that without it Love would lose his heat, there being nothing else but jealousy capable of awakening, nourishing, and enabling him to find out new and unthought of Pleasures; all its effects being signs of Love, whose pains are rather to be desired then feared. This being a great truth, we may justly call that Love imperfect and insipid, which is not accompanied with jealousy, nay, it is a languishing, sleepy, sottish Love, which does not understand itself, scarce knowing if he be alive or dead, and infine cannot subsist long in that estate. Clidimira having read this Paper with a joy that was remarkable enough in her eyes, told Argantes (with a smile) that she was confident he did not look upon her in the number of those Women he described at the conclusion of his discourse, because she desired to have her Husband jealous, and thought no Woman happy whose Husband was not so: he replied, he never intended it to her, nor should have a thought so unjust of her; and as for that conclusion, he only made it to show that he had forgot nothing in that Paper to speak his opinion of jealousy, without intending to injure any person, since it was a truth so well known, that all the world were not of one humour, nor had inclinations alike. After that they talked of divers other things, and although Clidimira had a great deal of Wit, yet she nevertheless resembled those Women that love to tell what they ought rather to conceal; for she told Argantes all she could imagine of her Husband and his humour, and the little affection she believed he had for her. Argantes being one of those that only sought his own Divertisement, and easily flattered himself, drew from the discourse of Clidimira many things that were advantageous to his design, and though she had only made it to help out the conversation of that afternoon, yet he presently believed she did not hate him, and fancied that if be would give himself a little trouble to assault that Fort, the Conquest would be very easy for him; but he deceived himself, for in the end the Virtue of Clidimira let him see the folly of his thoughts, and convinced him that those Women that are many times the freest in conversation, and are apt to speak their minds freely, are the hardest for designs to work on, and the most Virtuous in Reality; which those that seek to make advantages upon them, often find in conclusion, and is a truth which experience daily confirms. Argantes was already thinking and contriving what to do to make use of this good Fortune, which he fancied he saw coming towards him, when Clidimira told him, she was persuaded that the only way to work this desired change upon her Husband, was to make him jealous, which she that minute had resolved upon, and her thoughts had chosen him for the fittest person in the world to help her in that design, if he would please to consent; which he easily granted, thanking his kind Fortune for that blessed motion, believing now that that kind Goddess would undertake his happiness; doing all things herself for him, without suffering him to take any pains for his happiness, since she had inspired Clidimira to prevent those addresses which his lazy humour would have scrupled to make, notwithstanding the greatness of his growing Passion; he offered to serve her in all things she desired, and being one of those that fear nothing, and never trouble themselves to examine what designs soever they take in hand, he considered not at all how Clidimira's Husband would take it, thinking upon nothing but the accomplishing what he had now promised, and wholly took up his thoughts; and thus they began to make the poor Timander jealous. Clidimira having gained all her Husband's Servants, was informed of all he did, and the next day hearing that he was gone abroad in the company of Ladies, was resolved to follow him, and knowing the place where the Treat was to be given, she sent for Argantes and three or four Ladies of her acquaintance, who went to divert themselves at the same house; and Fortune to give a good beginning to their design, carried them into a room so near to that which Timander and his company had taken, that both the Companies might easily hear and see each others actions. Clidimira set herself by Argantes, talking always with him, and often whispering in his ear, but most when her Husband looked that way. Those that were with Timander pretended not to know it was his Wife, and were so discreet and obliging to him, seemed to take no notice of her carriage, though it afforded them wonder and divertisement enough. Timander appeared with his ordinary gaiety, unconcerned at all things, which he yet saw plain enough without taking of any notice; so that the mirth of both these Companies was not at all disturbed in appearance, although Timander and Clidimira were not without their troubles under this discreet disguisement of each others thoughts. Timander at his return home that night, instead of appearing vexed or discomposed at what had passed that afternoon, appeared more gay and pleasant then ordinary, in hopes that way to make his jealous Wife leave off her custom of following him into all places; and knowing the design which brought her into the house where he was that afternoon, he seemed to remember nothing of what had past that day before his face between her and Argantes: but on the contrary, Clidimira (far from imitating him) received him very coldly, and having much ado to contain herself, was every minute upon the point of breaking out into a furious rage, her anger being raised to the height, when she saw so little concern in Timanders' carriage; and instead of the jealousy she hoped for, saw so much pleasantness in his looks: but hoping for some effects from him, and the resolution she had taken to make him jealous, she went on, Fortune being yet on her side. Some few days after that, knowing that Timander was gone into the Public Walks, with the same Ladies that were in his company the day before, Clidimira followed him thither immediately, having none with her but Argantes, and one of her waiting-Women; and seeing Timander at a good distance from her, she made two or three turns about the Walks, and left her Woman with a charge not to follow her into the Walk, where she saw her Husband conversing with those Ladies; she passed all alone with Argantes near the place where her Husband and those Ladies were at that time very pleasantly entertained by a Lady of a very merry humour, which infinitely diverted the Company, who gave her leave to say what she pleased without contradiction from any body, though she rallied them all She seeing Argantes pass by with Timanders' Wife, she told him very pleasantly, that she never saw so handsome, well shaped, and so Gallant a Man as that person was, that was alone walking with his Wife, and was the day before in her company at the Treating-house. Timander knowing well enough that this Lady and all the company had a mind to rally him, took no notice of it, and answered merrily, that he had given his Wife a charge to make choice of no Gallant but one that was handsome, witty, and of a good Mien; and that now he was extremely pleased to see she had so much wit as to make so good a choice. Timander had a hundred pleasant things upon that subject whilst the Company stayed there, reparting very wittily to the raillery of that Lady that had so long played upon him and the rest of the Company; but as soon as he returned home he began to reflect upon all the passages of those two days passed between his Wife and Argantes before his face, and adding to this reflection her having not complained of himself now as heretofore, though he had given her more cause to be jealous: all these things made him conclude that his Wife was really in Love with Argantes, and then he was convinced that (although he had resolved never to be jealous) there was none could resist that Passion, and any man might fall into it whether he would or no, and that how little soever a Husband might care for his Wife, yet the spite and indignation of seeing himself rallied by the world, inspires often a more furious Jealousy then that which proceeds from the fear of losing what one loves, or seeing another have a share in that which a man ought to possess alone. When this Forced Jealous man was come home, he could not hid his resentments from his wife, who did not fail to give him a return sharp enough upon the same subject, in his own Language, though with much more noise; but at last they reconciled themselves with reciprocal promises of giving no more cause of Jealousy to each other. The Caresses and renewed Protestations of Love which usually attend those reconcilements between a Husband and his Wife, were not wanting at that time, and Timander from that hour stayed much oftener at home with her than he had ever yet done. Thus Clidimira's wishes were accomplished, and she did not at all repent (as yet) the having made her Husband jealous, still resolving to reclaim him this way as often as he returned to his old courses: but as it is no easy matter to change inclinations, or to alter an old habitual custom of life, whatever resolution any man may make, none is so much master of himself to do it; for the reformed Timander quickly returned to his old ways, not being able to restrain himself any longer; which Clidimira observing, made no more fruitless complaints as heretofore, but betook herself to her new found-out way of reclaiming him. She was in these thoughts when Timander came to tell her he had earnest business into the Country for some few days; Clidimira at another time would not have refrained her tears and a thousand prayers to divert him from going away, or to importune him for a speedy return to her; but the resolution she had taken, hindered her sorrows from appearing, and she persuaded her Husband instead of seeking to divert him from this journey. Timander was scarce got out of Town, when Clidimira went to visit one of her Kindred who loved her exceedingly; she was no sooner entered that House, but those Tears which she forced herself to keep in (before her Husband) burst out very passionately, her Face expressing all the signs of a violent grief for the absence of Timander, who she feared was gone into the Country for no other end but to divert himself in some other Conversation which was more delightful to him than hers. Her Kinswoman seeing her in that deplorable condition, used all her art to comfort Clidimira, persuading her at last to remain with her till her Husband came home, which he did eight days after, his journey having only been for Divertisement, as Clidimira imagined; when she heard he was returned, she made haste home to meet him, carrying Argantes with her, in hopes to rekindle her Husband's jealousy, which design took effect. Timander grew very angry, Clidimira did so too, and though he had made this appointment of going into the Country so privately, that none knew of it, and pretended to ride Post to disguise his designs from Clidimira; yet she spoke to him with that cunning, that he apprehended she knew all the passages of that journey of Pleasure, which put Timander extremely out of countenance, and obliged him to hasten that minute the peace with her, that is as easy to be concluded between a Man and his Wife, as it is difficult between great Princes. Although to go about the making a Husband jealous, is an enterprise that must be Fatal to all those Women that undertake it; yet Clidimira prospered so well hitherto in that attempt, that she never gave her Husband any cause to be jealous of her, but when she had most reason to complain of him: but as many things happen un-fore-seen, let us now see whether the way which she takes to change her Husband's humour, will always be so advantageous to her. Timander after this last reconcilement with his Wife, appeared very much reform, as he did the time before, and stayed much at home with his Wife; but yet he was not altogether so kind to her, nor did he caress Clidimira with so great a Fondness as his former repentance expressed; so that she now began to think him jealous in earnest, believing he stayed at home only to watch her actions, which was to her a great satisfaction (though mingled with some fear) for her humour was such, that she chose rather to be ill used by her Husband, then to see him go abroad, which yet he loved too well to forbear any longer, and growing weary of staying at home, and acting against his Inclinations, he resolved to be his Wife's Gaoler no longer. As long as Timander's humour of staying at home continued, Clidimira had desired Argantes not to visit her more, or speak to her in any place where he saw her; but as soon as ever her Husband retook his old customs, she writ to Argantes to visit her as formerly, who failed not to obey her, and oftener than he was wont; and as he had his designs as well as Clidimira had hers, he avoided the sight of Timander, which this virtuous Lady having observed, she told him one day that she had taken notice of his actions, and therefore desired him since he had undertaken to oblige her, that he would do it without interest, and ground no fruitless hopes upon the misunderstanding that happened sometimes between her Husband and herself, or else never to see her more. Argantes knew very well that the care he had lately taken to avoid her Husband, besides those other signs of Love he had too foolishly expressed, was the occasion of her speaking to him in that manner, and therefore he resolved upon obeying her, rather than lose his hopes, which he now commits to Fortune; and in those visits he made her, took no care as formerly to avoid the sight of Timander, or expressing his growing passion in those ways which Clidimira did not approve; to prevent the regret that he might one day have for not having all things in his power to assist his good fortune, he resolved to make Clidimira some considerable Present, and having some lose Diamonds in his Cabinet, he carried them to a Jeweller of his acquaintance, and desired him to add some of his own to those, and make a handsome pair of Bracelets: In the mean time he continued his frequent visits to the Wife of Timander, who acted a part at that time that astonished all the world; for the oftener Argantes visited his Wife, the less he seemed to take notice of it, used him very civilly, and diverted himself as at other times, speaking to Clidimira with as much seeming indifferency, as if there never had been such a person as Argantes in the world. This made Clidimira desperate, because she knew not what to do next to make her Husband jealous, being ignorant that he was now more jealous than ever, and carried himself so indifferently, only to find out what he had a desire to know more clearly. Clidimira in the mean time made Argantes visit her at all hours, morning, night, etc. whispered to him even before her Husband as she did before, who still seemed to take no notice of it at all; and if things had continued longer at this pass, she would have loudly quarrelled her Husband for not falling out with her; which nevertheless he resolved to do, making use of his patience only to find out the certainty of his Wife's Love to Argantes by more visible signs, which he intended to punish severely in his own time, which perhaps would have been a great while a coming; for if Fortune (that is sometimes treacherous and wicked) had not given him an opportunity of declaring his resentments, he might have waited long enough for a day of venting his Passion, Clidimira being too virtuous to do any thing directly against her honour, though her indiscretion was great in all those just causes of Complaint she gave her husband. Behold now how Fortune rendered her at last the most unhappy person alive, and although it may be said, she was partly the cause of it herself hitherto, yet it is as true, that she contributed nothing to the conclusion of her part in this History, as you shall find in the following relation. As Timander was going out one day in one of his Chagrin humours, he was called in passing by a Jeweller's house, by a person that had sold him formerly many fine rarities, who told him he had filled his Shop with many Curiosities (since he had been there) which he knew would please him very much. Timander going in, and having viewed all the rare pieces of work in that place, he at last cast his eye upon one of the Jeweller's men that was at work upon a very fine pair of diamond bracelets; he ask whose they were, they told him they were bespoke by a Gentleman that dwelled hard by his house, whose name was Argantes; Timander having asked when they would be finished, and they telling him the next day, he made no more questions, for he presently suspected they were for Clidimira, but went away, fancying that if he could find out that, he should quickly discover all the whole Intrigue between Argantes and his Wife. The next day Argantes receiving the Bracelets from the Jeweller, studied some time what he was to do, and which way he should present them where he intended, and at last resolved to write to Clidimira, and accompany the declaration of his Love with so rich a Present; the reasons were very many that put him upon that course, he saw that Timander suffered him every day at his house, without expressing the least signs of jealousy, and that he went on still in that careless way; that Clidimira shown more resentment than ever against the indifferency of her Husband, even beginning to hate that unfaithful man: besides all these considerations, Argantes looked upon this present as considerable enough to open the eyes of any woman, and began to think that the ill treatment she formerly gave to the declarations of his Love, was perhaps because he made his addresses with empty hands. All these thoughts moved him to write to Clidimira, to tell her he loved her, and with that Letter to send his Present, hoping that although Clidimira should absolutely refuse to hearken to his Love, yet the greatness of that Present would prevent his banishment, not caring for any thing so he might declare his Passion; nor feared he any thing more than her banishing him her house, hoping from Time, his Passion, and Wit, and those other qualifications he discovered in himself, to obtain her at last, as many young men of this Age foolishly persuade themselves into a belief that no Beauty how great soever can resist their Charms, or defend themselves from falling into those snares which their wits lay to catch them: And thus Argantes built his hopes, holding it for a certain rule, that those places which appear so well fortified, and hang a flag of defiance to the Besiegers to frighten them with a belief of their great strength and obstinate resistance, are often seen to render sooner than is imagined. And having thus strengthened his resolutions, he presently writ a Letter, which with the Bracelets he intended to carry himself, and putting them into his Pocket, he went that afternoon to visit Clidimira, in whose Chamber he had observed a day or two before, there stood a little Box, with the Key always in it; and having seen Clidimira lay in that Box some Bracelets of her own Hair, and which she had wrought only for her Divertisement, Argantes resolved to steal out those, in exchange of his Diamond Bracelets; which he easily could do, Clidimira not using him with much Ceremony; for since he was by his frequent visits so familiar in the house, she often left him alone in her Chamber, whilst she went about her Domestic affairs: yet that afternoon he waited long for an opportunity of acting his design, but at last she going as far as the stairs to speak to one that brought her a message, which was not very quickly delivered, Argantes had an opportunity of putting his Letter and Bracelets into the Box, and taking out the Bracelets of Hair, he crammed them hastily into the first bit of Paper he found in his Pocket, and went away immediately after, as much satisfied as if he had found great Treasure, though for his Diamonds he carried away nothing but Hairs: which above all things shows the extravagancy of Lovers. Argantes that was the most contented Man in the world in being thus rid of his Diamonds, was no sooner gone out of Clidimira's Chamber, than Timander (who had in design waited all this while in his Closet) entered the room, in hopes to discover something of that which he as yet did but suspect, and with an air mingled with scorn and anger, he asked Clidimira to show him the Bracelets that Argantes had newly given her; she answered with much assurance, that she did not know what he meant by that question; for Argantes nor no other Man had never yet made her any Presents: in saying that, she remembered that she had laid those Bracelets of Hair in that little Box which stood open, and fearing that if her Husband searching there should come to see them, and fancy she made them for some Gallant, though she only wrought them to divert herself, she went to take them out, which it seems she could not do without being perceived by Timander, whose Eyes were every where at that time, and who stepping towards his Wife, snatched the Paper from her as she was conveying it into her Pocket; and unfolding it hastily, he pulled out those Bracelets of Diamonds, to the amazement of Clidimira, who knew or thought of nothing more than the seeing those Bracelets of her Hair which she had laid up in that place; but whilst she was struck with wonder, Timander read these words; To the Fair Clidimira. Although I here present you with Bracelets of Diamonds instead of those of Hair which I have taken away, yet think not Fair Clidimira, that I believe mine more considerable than these wrought by your fair hands, which I confess are unvaluable; and if I would here make use of those Compliments that are usually made, even to those Women that are infinitely below you in all things, I might here tell you, that these Diamonds have not so great a Lustre as those of your Eyes; but alas! how Fatal is that Lustre of theirs to all that look upon them? and though the sparkling light of these Diamonds causes them to be admired, yet the dazzling Splendour of your fair Eyes commands Adoration from all those that look upon them; and we may behold the one without trembling, yet none can look upon on the other without fear; if the one shines and does not burn, yet the other shines and burns at once; if the one rejoices the sight without enflaming the Soul, yet the other never appears without piercing the very heart which it inflames, and causes a Rebellion in all the Senses: but since it is impossible for me to hinder this effect, who find as much difficulty in captivating your Heart, as itself does find little in rendering mine your Slave, I have nevertheless the confidence to believe I may revenge myself upon your fair Arms by giving them those Letters, which if I am so happy to see them carry, I may well boast the good Fortune of enchaining what is most lovely in the universe, and perhaps of softening what is most cruel in all the world; but to make me thus Fortunate, you must show for the future as much pity as you have hitherto expressed goodness to Argantes. I am very glad Madam, said Timander to his Wife in a rallying tone, to find by this Letter how much goodness you have showed to Argantes: It is long since I began to believe it, though I never was so certainly informed of it as now by his own hand; you are obliged to continue your favours to him, he is very acknowledging, as these Presents he makes you sufficiently testify; and these Bracelets are so dazzling and so rich, that there is no heart so hard which they would not persuade to Love, especially when they come to speak for so Gallant a Man as Argantes. I know not, replied Clidimira, what reason you have to say these things to me, who am very ignorant from whence these Bracelets come, nor did I ever see the Letter you have read. I see very well, answered Timander, that you Love the person that writ it so extremely, that you are never weary of it, and make these pretences of having never seen it, only to hear it read once more; which I will do to please you, because I Love you better than perhaps you think I do; with that Timander read the Letter aloud, to which Clidimira harkened very attentively, making very many protestations of her Innocence, telling her Husband that she was confident that Argantes had put a trick upon her, conveying these things unto her Box some time or other when she was gone out of her Chamber, which was true enough; but truth signified nothing at that time, her misfortune being above her innocence, all she said to prove it was to no purpose, appearances being all against her, and so sad was her condition, that Timanders snatching the Paper out of her hand, which she so innocently attempted to steal, only to prevent a crime, not knowing there was so great a one committed in that place, and Argantes treacherous exchange of the Bracelets, and all things that seemed most to justify her, made against her; and Timander, though his amazement gave him time to hearken a little to her justifications, yet at last quitted that coldness with which he had begun, and grew extremely passionate, telling his Wife she could not deny that Argantes had those Bracelets of Hair, for he had writ it there with his own Hand; and that he had given her those of Diamonds was as clear, for he had snatched them himself from her, as she was stealing them out of the Box to convey them from his knowledge; he told her, certainly not person was ever known to bestow Bracelets of Hair without some inclinations to those to whom they gave them; nor was there any body ever known to receive Presents of such a value as those Diamond Bracelets were, without an intention of being acknowledging for such a favour; nor was there any Man so foolish to be at the charge of making such a Present, without proposing to himself a certainty of accomplishing his design. In fine, he repeated to Clidimira all the reasons he had to be jealous, not omitting the least of observations he had made since the first day he saw her in the company of Argantes; but all his Passionate discourses troubled not Clidimira half so much as the trick Argantes had put upon her, who was more displeased at his bold declaration of Love, then at all the reproaches her Husband's jealousy could make to her; and being at her Wit's end between these two Men, and having a strange desire to quarrel Argantes, she desired her Husbands leave to write to him to come thither, that she might justify herself by his Confession; to which Timander having given consent, she presently writ these words; To Argantes. What business soever you have at this time, yet you must come to me immediately after you receive this Note. Clidimira. As soon as she had ended this Note, she assured Timander that he should be convinced of her innocence very suddenly, for she knew Argantes would not have the impudence to affirm that she had ever given him any Bracelets of her Hair, or received any of Diamonds from him. But this Husband thus forced to be jealous, studying a little while upon all these things, began to think that this was not the right way to know the truth of this matter, and being well acquainted with the greatness of Argantes Wit, he was certain that Lover would want no Politic excuses to clear himself, and justify his Mistress; and this thought raising his anger at them both, carried him out immediately (from the presence of Clidimira, whom now he bated to look upon) and going hastily down the stairs, with resolutions fatal to them both, he went out to find Argantes, who as (ill luck would have it) had newly received the Note from Clidimira, and was going to know her commands, when Timander met him in the Street very near the Gate of his House, which stood in a remote corner of the Town, where very few people had occasion to pass; and therefore Timander had opportunity enough to act his design, who as soon as he saw Argantes, drew upon him. Arganies received him like a valiant Man, but they had not time to Fight very long; for Clidimira who had observed her Husbands threatening looks as he went from her, and had watched his actions at the Window, made some noise, and commanded the Servants to run after their Master, who with the assistance of the Neighbours that had heard the noise she made, run to part them; but Argantes who had a very great care of the reputation of Clidimira, and knew that his pretended Amours to her had been long the discourse of that Neighbourhood, fled away before any of them could know him; but in flying from them he gave Timander the leisure to take up a Paper, which it seems he had dropped in taking out his Handkerchief, when Timander drew upon him so hastily. The curiosity Timander had to read this Paper was so great, that he very hastily dismissed the Company that were busy about him, and scarce affording the kind Neighbours a civil acknowledgement for their concern of him, he desired them to go home, telling them it was nothing; and so impatiently began to read what he had so unluckily found. Admire now what Misfortune will do when it once gins to persecute any Person. Timander had no sooner opened this Paper, than he saw it was his Wife's hand, and those Bracelets of her Hair wrapped up in it with these words. To Argantes. I desire impatiently to see you, to tell you that Timander is not Jealous, which I hope will oblige you to make haste; and if you have the same goodness for me you have so often expressed, it will bring you hither presently, that we may consult upon what we have to do. Clidimira. Whilst Timander is musing upon this Letter, let us read the occasion of it. Clidimira (as we have already seen) having by her cunning, and the jealousy with which she possessed her Husband, forced this unconstant Man often to change his course of life; yet he as quickly relapsed again, and Clidimira as often tried her enperiment of reclaiming him, by the jealousy she gave him of her love to Argantes, to whom she had writ this Letter in one of those Melancholy humours, desiring the Counsels of Argantes, which had hitherto been so Fortunate to her in that design. Argantes had by chance kept this Letter in his Pocket, and that 〈◊〉 day he exchanged the Bracelets, his haste (for fear of being prevented or seen by those he heard coming into Clidimira's Chamber) made him wrap the Bracelets of Hair in the first Paper he found about him, which (as ill fortune would have it) proved to be Clidimira's Letter; who sending for him so suddenly for her justification to Timander, he had no time either to look upon the Bracelets, or consider what Paper they were wrapped in. Timander having read this Letter, appeared very calm, and without passion, told Clidimira he had now all that he desired, and was so well satisfied as to her, that he wished no more. The next day he sent for her nearest Kindred, and related to them all that had passed, desiring to resign her into their Hands, he being resolved to be troubled with her no longer. Clidimira seeing herself in that strait, discovered (in hopes to justify herself) all the Stratagems she had to force her Husband to be jealous, producing amongst other things that Paper, Entitled, The good Fortune of Women that have Jealous Husbands; which Argantes had writ at her desire. But Timander made it quickly appear, that this Paper which she brought for her justification, was a certain proof against her; and that Argantes pretending to oblige her, had like an expert Gallant contrived and continued, as much as he could possible, the division between the Husband and the Wife; his design being only to insinuate himself by degrees into the favour of the Wife, though at first he seems to aim at nothing more than the reconciling her to her Husband, though he intends nothing less, which he plainly discovers in that Piece, called, The good Fortune of Women, etc. Where he persuades the Women to make their Husbands jealous, possessing them with those great advantages and considerable Presents those Wives might receive from that jealousy, if they would make the right use of it: wherein he does not answer Clidimira's intentions expressed in the desire she made to him for it; for instead of placing all those great advantages in the reconcilement of a Husband to his Wife, he brings them in as received during the time of his jealousy, and from other persons besides the Husband. Timander having descanted much upon this Paper which Clidimira brought to justify herself, to no more purpose than all the rest she could say at that time for herself; he was resolved to talk no more, but now to act in good earnest what he had resolved upon; and therefore he declared to the Company, that although he always had esteemed Clidimira too much to believe she had an ill design at first, but from what had followed, he plainly saw that she had not strength enough to defend herself from surprise, and in conclusion had suffered herself to be won; of which truth these Proofs he had given them were so convincing to him, that nothing could destroy, and he desired no more, being throughly satisfied of all. Her afflicted Kindred confessed she was too guilty in appearance, and that they saw no excuse for her; and so although Argantes lost his design upon Clidimira's Virtue, yet he ruin'd her Reputation for ever; which let's us see, that all those Women who too often receive the visits from suspected Persons, expose themselves not only to the like danger, but also to that of being betrayed into greater inconveniencies; and if these cross accidents had not happened, who knows whether Clidimira's Virtue would have been strong enough to have held out to the last, although she was one of the most Virtuous Women of her time; yet that Virtue not being guarded by Discretion, she was at last so unhappy as to lose her Husband, and to be treated like a Criminal by her Kindred, who ought to have protected her, and yet were the first to condemn her. They nevertheless desired Timander to permit her to live in his House, without allowing her liberty to converse with any, which he upon that condition consented to; from that hour confining her, not in fear of her being Courted, for he was not of a jealous Nature, only locked her up safe from troubling his Divertisements; having done all this for no other end, but to deliver himself from the clamours of report caused by the jealousy of his Wife, which heretofore troubled him in all places. After the patching up this Breach between Timander and his Wife, the Kindred of this innocent unfortunate Person sought after Argantes to revenge the injury he had offered to their Family; Timander also made search for him, but he was not to be found, his Father having conveyed him away far into the Country, to avoid these violent Pursuers, and great number of Enemies that threatened him. Clidimira died with sorrow two or three years after, teaching all Wives (to her cost) that they must never force their Husbands to be jealous; for Patience abused turns into Fury, and the gentlest persons are the most difficult to appease when once provoked to the height; and though they are a great while silent to injuries, yet if once their anger break forth, it is most terrible and fatal to those that provoke it, especially if it is inflamed by the sense of honour. And therefore who ever will be happy, let them not meddle with that dangerous Serpent Jealousy, which though some have placed in the number of remedies, yet it is worse than any Disease, and a Mortal danger to all those that have made use of it, as experience has sufficiently proved in all Ages, as well as in this Paper. FINIS.