THE Dilucidation of the Late Commotions OF TURKEY.  
Containing an Exact and Distinct Account of all the Causes and Motives of the deposing of Mahomet, and of the advancing of Soliman to the Imperial Throne of Constantinople.  
Gathered from the Letters of a Person dwelling in, and Minutely informed of the Affairs of that City, and Consecrated to the ever August Merit of the most Serene Elector of Bavaria.  
Printed in Italian at Venice, and Translated into English by the Author of the Monthly Account. To be Annexed to Numb. 10. of the Monthly Account.  
LONDON, Printed by I. B. and Published by Randal Taylor, near Stationers-Hall. 1689.   

A Full and Distinct ACCOUNT OF THE Late Commotions IN Constantinople.  
AMong the Considerations that may move the minds of Great men to inquire with exact Diligence into things that daily occur in matters of State, none of the smallest is that of shrifting into the rises and Motives of Changes and Tempests of Government, by reason that very often from a a most inconsiderable Cause are derived the total subversions of Kingdoms, though barely to reflect upon the beginning of these vicissitudes, would be esteemed a thing rather worthy of ridiculous Contempt, than of mature Consideration. The first Monarchy of the World, which was that of the Assyrians had its fall from a most frivolous and accidental Contingency, through Sardanapalus their last King suffering himself to be seen in a Female Habit by his General, whence that of the Modes had its rise, which again merely by a Dream was tumbled down the Precipice, and so the others that started up can hardly boast any more considerable Origine of their Ruin. Thus it is not only useful, but also necessary for Princes to observe minutely the train of things, in the matter of the winding up the fate of Great Potentates, that so in the School of the Events of others they may find their own instruction, and so provide themselves with Preservatives against the intervention of the like Cases.  
The Ottoman Monarchy, which for many Ages has been raised up to the highest pitch by Victories and Conquests, now like to the former, is running on to a ruinous Precipice: And though it has used its utmost efforts to uphold itself against the violence and Impetuosities of contrary Accidents, which guide it to a Fall, yet must it suffer the vicissitudes of Natural things, which after having increased to a certain pitch of greatness, pay the necessary Tribute to their Decay and Debasement. The late Convulsions which have been for some Months at Constantinople have more than a little contributed to the Depression of that Empire, with the Deposing the Grand Signior Mahomet, and the advancing of Soliman his Brother; adding thereunto the total Change of the Principal Ministers, who with the spilling of their own Blood have stained the new Monarches Purple. The Knowledge of this is come to and spread throughout the whole World, but altered either by passion or affection, conformably as Interest or Adulation requires, and the particulars of those Convulsions have been divulged neither with that Evidence nor that Clearness, as my intention is to do at present, desiring to give the ensuing Account, as it was taken upon the Place of the Occurrences herein related, and from such Persons as would secure it of the judicious consideration and virtuous Curiosity of the most noble Geniusses.  
Before that the Elector of Bavaria seconded by other Imperial Squadrons had near Esseck disordered, put to flight and utterly routed the Ottoman Army, Intestine Dissensions overwhelmed the same by the means of Soliman Pacha, Grand Vizier, and Osman Chiaus Pacha, because that this Latter having ever before been used to be the head of the Asiatic High-way-men, and to scour over all without any Military Discipline, one while Plundering one Village, and then another, and withal not scorning to rob and strip Passengers, he could not confine himself to the straits of a Pass assigned him by the Grand Vizier in order to guard it, and very bitterly bore with the being subordinate to other People's Commands, whereupon the Pass being attacked by the Imperial Troops, the Most Serene Elector of Bavaria having advanced at the head of them with incomparable Resolution, he presently made Osman sensible that his Dastardly Retreat was the having to do with Martialized Men; that his pretended Valour was only the false Bravery of Highwaymen, and that it was a Temerarious Presumption in him to think chat the Conduct or flashy Gallantry of a Robber could entitle him to the Soldiery. This occasioned the Grand Vizier's and Osmans' Impraching each other at the Port of the Unhappy success of the Ottoman Armies. But the Viziers' Party prevailed as being grounded upon Reason, and as having made appear that he in the Retrenchments of the Quarters, and in ordering of the Troops, had not been wanting to exert the Talents of a Prudent and Experienced General; if the other had shown that of a Faithful Minister in maintaining so very important a Post as was left to his Fidelity and Custody. In the mean while orders were dispatched from the Port to the Grand Vizier to secure Osman and his Adherents, by putting them in Prison or else to Death, conformably as he should judge most Expedient for the weal of the present Posture of Affairs. He, however being of a Nature very distant from imbruing his Hands in the Subjects Blood, considered, that it was not then a time to foment the boiling humours of the Army that was in overgreat Dejection and Confusion through the late Defeat, he judged it more advisable to conceal and surcease the supreme order, and to connive at all patiently till a more convenient season, or that a more happy conjuncture afforded him the opportunity of executing it without a noise. But Osman who had by other means penetrated the secret, managed himself with Extraordinary Caution, ever labouring under Apprehensions of being unexpectedly surprised, and being a Person that knew how to captivate the Affections of the Militia by the hopes of Booty, attempted, and sped in making them Mutiny against Soliman, who having neither forces to resist, nor means to pacify the Soldiery, esteemed it a judicious Resolution by flight to escape from the Rage of the Mutinous Troops, as he did in the Company of the Tefterdar or Grand Treasurer, and the Raise Effendi or Great Chancellor, going in a Boat upon the Danube as far as Russee, and from thence passing Post to Adrianople, where he stayed to attend the Grand Signiors orders.  
But because the rout of the Army had occasioned a more than ordinary Confusion in the Grand Signior's Mind, Regeb Pacha, the Kaimecam, found it a difficult Province to pacify him, and to make him sensible that it was an effect of fortune, and not any want of failure in the General: It becoming Regeb to be more than ordinary urgent to uphold Soliman's Reputation, as having been advanced by him to the Office of Kaimacam; And accordingly he at length succeeded, and withal obtained a Promise from the Grand Signior to be made Grand Vizier.  
In the mean while Osman Chiause's Mutinous Troops gave no small matter for Apprehension; seeing after having Sacked and Plundered the Tents and Movables of the Vizier Soliman upon his flight, they would also make appear to the Port, this to have been done through a Motive of just Resentment, and not the effect of a Rebellious Spirit. For this intent they elected out of the Body of the Army four Commissioners, whom they sent to Constantinople, at the same time that the Grand Signior to quiet them had ordered that a Vest and Sword should be dispatched to Osman declaring him Seraskier, and had permitted Soliman to repair to Constantinople. While Soliman was on his way thither, he had notice from sure hands of the foresaid Commissioners or Deputies journey, and understood, that the Demand they had to make in the name of the whole Army, was, that they would absolutely have him deposed from being Grand Visier. Upon this he made a halt, and having consulted several Opinions, he determined to consign the seal and Prophet's Standard to the Tefterdar and to Raise Effendi, that they might present them to the Grand Signior, and he having left the high Road god privately into Constantinople. He would not go directly to hazard his own Person at a time that the Deputies of the Army might have inculcated some distaste in Grand Signier's Mind, whom fear did easily make suceptible of any impression; but thought expedient to keep private, hoping that by the means of the Kaimecan his Creature to facilitate his ingress to the Grand Signior, and that he might with the more Security make his vindication, when the Deputies were departed.  
These Deputies had their Audience, and their Demand being understood, the Grand Signior was at a loss for Council, and compelled by the present necessity, he determined Osman Chiaus Pacha for Vizier, dispatching the Seal to him with the Prophet's standard by the Selicter, who is the Officer that carries the Grand Signiors Sword; furthermore commanding expressly Raise Effendi, and the Tefterdar to return with all diligence to the Camp.  
While that in Constantinople such Resolutions were preparing to apply speedy Remedies to all these Evils, came notice to the Court, that the Soldiery being become more contumatious than ever, were not only intent upon their own satisfaction, but proceeding from Military to Political matters, pretended to lay hand to the Helm, and with the Sword cut through the Chain of the present Government. The Soldiers considered, that the Principal Ministers, being brought into discredit with, and Suspicion of the Prince, he would have neither force nor Council to resist the Violence of a Resolute Army. The Grand Signior laboured under such a daunting surprise that he would have postponed any Political consideration to the Preservation of his own Person and Degree; whereupon the Soldiers having gained their Point of placing in the management of public Affairs Ministers depending on them, might the more freely give a loose to their Rapines, Insolences and undue and boundless Pretensions of Pay, without fearing Correction, seeing those who were to obviate such exorbitances were of their party; and then having once set foot upon the Authority of their supreme Lord, it would be no difficult matter in other Occurrences to improve the same means for the attaining of their Demands. In the mean while they marched away for Constantinople with a firm Resolution and most solemn Vow to reform the present Government, and to cause to fall as victim to their own establishment the Head of the Kislar Aga, and Chief of the Black Eunuches, who was the Grand Signiors Chiefest Favourite, and many Others as well within as without the Seraglio.  
This unexpected Advice did in such manner surprise Mahomet's mind, as not being a person used to such like Encounters, that he absolutely lost all hopes not only of interrupting the execution of this Design, but also of making the least opposition. Indeed Regeb Kaimecam did with a Courageous and undaunted Spirit face all these threatening Dangers, and advised the Grand Signior to retire into the Great Seraglio, and to provide it with his choicest and valiantest Troops as a Bank against the inundations of the Rebellious squadrons. He made a shift to give his Prince to understand that the suddenly giving way to the temerity of mutinying Subjects, was a giving them Liberty and Encouraging them to have often recourse to the like disloyal way of proceeding, which they would the less doubt their succeeding in, seeing they had already traced out a path to the accomplishment of their rash and insolent Demands. That the making head in such like cases was the showing that to Command and Authority he had united sense & Courage to maintain them. That the insolent Multitude was like an airy vapour, that upon the bare appearing of the Rays of its Lawful Prince immediately dissolves away, and is reduced to the state of true Obedience. That did he but stand Firm and Constant in not suffering the Rights and Prerogatives of his Crown to be Usurped, he would by the effects find the steadyness of his Councils. But such Exhortations as these prevailed little upon the Grand Signior, because that fear having possessed and darkened his understanding, did not suffer him to discern the Clearness of these Reasons. This notwithstanding, this Trusty Minister would needs have recourse to new Means to obviate the Inconveniences, that were abrooding, and repairing to the Mufti he would have procured of him to issue out a Proclamation or Sentence, by which to declare guilty of High Treason and Rebels all those that should have the insolence to oppose and not punctually obey the orders of the Grand Signior. But the Mufti knowing such a Declaration to be void, when the not executing the Supreme Orders is an immediate Offence of Delinquency, judged it sounder Counsel, to decline such a Province, and the rather, seeing Force and not Law prevailed in the present Juncture.  
Regeb being excluded from those hopes, did for his last shift feel the Aga of the janissaries Pulse, meaning, (upon a supposition of his being steadfast and constant in his Loyalty to his Prince) to try whether he was able in some manner to bring down the Arrogancy of the Tumultuous Soldiery, and both fix the staggering Throne to its Lawful Sovereign, and divert the impending ruin; and he found him not averse to his Intentions. But so much Diligence used by the Kaimecam for the Grand Signior's good, brought forth a most sinistrous effect, because while he was contriving and procuring the Safety and Maintenance of his Emperor's State and Grandeur, he pulled down upon himself the loss of his employ, Liberty, and finally of his very Life. For the Kizlar, seeing so many motions of the Kaimecam, grew more than a little jealous of all these Goings and Comings, doubting that he kept Intelligence with and fomented the Seditious Army, and was minded to strike in with the Mutinous Troops: Yet this suspicion, however contrary to the Truth, being communicated by the Kizlar to the Grand Signior, had such efficacy, that Orders were given to take the poor Kaimecam into Custody. This must necessarily have been a piece of wantonness in Mahomet's Fortune, that must needs make him himself the Author of his own Ruin, and thus push from him the only Prop that contrived all manner of means to uphold his sinking Authority. Wherefore Bostangi Pachi being commanded to secure Regeb, he went to his House, and showing him the Supreme Order, it was received by him with all manner of seeming unconcern and Resignation; And thus showing a most ready Obedience, he immediately ordered his Servants to get him a Horse ready, going along with the Minister to the Stairs foot, where being come he told the Bostangi Pachi, that it would not be inconvenient that he returned to his Lodgings, to take some Zecchins along with him, & knowing frankness & Gaiety to be very efficacious means to speak his Innocency, he cried, jestingly, Money even makes those Clean, that are really tainted, & the Minister's train being already far advanced, he was only accompanied by the Aga to his Closet-door, wherein entering, and having opened a backdoor that led into the Garden, he that way slipped out of the hands of his Guards, and round from Constantinople through the fields for the space of twenty Miles; but his flight being known by the Grand Signior he ordered some to go in pursuit of him with all Celerity and Diligence, and he was found in a field not only overwhelmed with his misfortunes, but likewise with weariness and hunger, and thence conducted a Prisoner into the Seraglio.  
Every shadow of suspicion that came into the Grand Signiors Head was sufficient to put him upon the Extremest Resolutions: And now doubting that the Mufti confined to Bursia, and the Deposed Vizier Ibrahim, Exiled to Rhodes, did foment the tumults of the Army, he thought Expedient to Banish the former to a more remote Place; that so the Distance might deprive him of the Conveniency of Tampering with the Militia; and then sent the Capigi Pachi to Rhodes, with orders to take off the said Ibrahims' head. This Pachi was carried by a Beg, who was much Ibrahims friend; and was the same that with his own Galley had conducted him to his Banishment in Rhodes. Insomuch that this Beg being come to Ibrahims' House, he found him discoursing with some Company, & having paid him his Respects, he was asked, if there were any orders concerning him, he answered no, for that the Capigi had kept them secret: While they were discoursing in came the Capigi, and having kissed Ibrahims' Vest, he sat down to drink Coffee in the others Company, which being done he laid his hand upon his Breast, from which Ibrahim conceived some suspicion, as conjecturing what effectually followed, for immediately he imparted to him the order for the having his head.  
This News so much afflicted Ibrahim that having embraced a little Son that sat upon his Knees, he remained a while without speaking, then kissing him, & weeping, he commanded that they should take the Child away, then turning to the Capigi he said him: Was it not sufficient for the Court the having divested me of all my Wealth and means, confined to this Place divested of all conveniences and of Liberty itself, but that it must also deprive me of my Life; what can the Blood of an Unfortunate Wretch avail the Prince, and what suspicion can redound to the Crown from a Man deposed from all Authority & Conveniency. I must indeed confess that misfortunes never go alone, but like to a Chain one ring is linked within another: and casting his eye upon the string that was to strangle him, and perceiving it to be too thick, he cried that such a Cord was only fit to dispatch a Dog or other Beast, and immediately sent a servant to fetch a Bowstring, and he himself made a knot in it, and while he was washing, before he said his Prayers, he lathered the Bowstring with soap, and then having ended his Prayers, he was strangled, and his Head being cut from his Body was carried to Constantinople.  
The foresaid Scelectar being sent by the Grand Signior with the Seal and Standard for the new Visier Osman met the Army at Nisse near Sophia, just in the time that the Soldiers had in a Tumult killed Emir Pacha, and the Tefterdar, for having abandoned them and followed the Vizier in his flight: They also killed Ali Effendi the said Emir's Predecessor in the Treasury, and one Aghen Zade, a man of above Eighty years old, who formerly was Raise Effendi, merely because he admonished them not to spill Mussulmen Blood, was by them pursued to death, but he escaping into the Vizier's Tent, was by him covered with his own Vest; but then seeing the Soldiers would inexorably take away his Life, that he might not endanger both his own Authority and Throat, he gave him over to their fury.  
In the Beginning of their rage Raise Effendi made his escape, and since that time we have had no certain Knowledge of him.  
The two Secretaries of the Chancery, desired to be strangled secretly, rather than to be put into the Soldiers hands, and were gratified in this their Request, and were put to Death behind the Vizier's Tent, and afterwards their Bodies exposed to the view of the whole Army.  
The janisary Aga Mustafa Pacha, who was in the same Employ at the Siege of Vienna, and in the Attack of Buda was made Seraskier, did in these tumults run a great risque of his Life, and it was not without very hard shifts that the Vizier was able to save him; But because he was a janisary, they contented themselves with divesting him of his Employ, sending him to Command at the Dardanells instead of Mustapha Pacha the Son of Kiupergli; who was sent for by the Grand Signior and created Kaimecam of Constantinople. Mahomet judged that this man being a Person of great fame as well for his own merit and virtue, as in regard of his Father and Brother, who were Viziers, but much more for being the Chiaus Bacha's Kinsman, his Wife being Mustafa's Sister, he would be the most proper man to divert the Imminent Mischiefs, and allay the tumults of the insulting Militia: Insomuch that being come to Constantinople on the 22d. of October in the night, he repaired the next day to the Seraglio, and was declared and invested by the Grand Signior with the Employ of Kaimecam.  
On the 4th. Ditto in the Morning was held a Council, at which time there entered into the Grand Signior's Seraglio, the Mufti, the Kaimecam, Nachib Effendi, or Chief of the Green-Heads, the two Coodeleskiths, and four other Old Preachers, or Scheyhs. There they consulted with all Secrecy of the Course they should take to repress the Insolency of the Mutinous Soldiers, but none had the Boldness to speak freely, as not trusting one another, but fearing that having given befiting Council to the Grand Signior, some Partisan of the Troops would reveal it to the Army, and so they might draw their own Ruin upon their Heads: All knowing, that People armed without Law and Authority, give themselves a loose into all manner of Injustice, and Woe be to him that does at that time provoke their anger. Whereupon it was concluded on by a Common Consent, that considering the present posture of Affairs, the Grand Signior had not sufficient Power to suppress the Military Arrogancy, and that therefore the most Efficacious Course was Dissimulation, using all means to quiet and lull them asleep, in order to which there was not any more powerful potion than Gold, and the blood of those whom they esteemed their Adversaries. This Opinion being embraced, the Grand Signior to begin the Execution of it, did two hours after send the Chiaus Pachi to the Gatehouse of the middle of the Seraglio, where Soliman Pacha was imprisoned, and who the day after Regebs' flight, was taken by the Bostangi Pachi in his own house, upon the Canal of the Bosphorus, and put into the Gatehouse of the middle of the Seraglio, with order to take off his head. As soon as Soliman saw the Chiaus Pachi: I know said he, to what purpose you are come, but the Will of God be done; I have washed, but I have not said my Prayers, and then going into a Withdrawing Room, and having said his Prayers, he did anew call the Chiaus Pachi; who had been his Creature, and weeping told him: My Hands shall be upon the● in the Day of judgement, if with all Sincerity thou dost not acquaint the Grand Signior with the things I have to tell thee: The first is, that all my Slaves both Males and Females are Free, and I declare I have given them full and total Liberty: The other, that my Servants be not Tortured to discover my Wealth, because I protest before the face of God never to have been a Man of much Money, and the little I had was left a Prey to the Soldiers in my Tent, when I made my escape from the Camp: True, indeed, that in my House in Scutary, I have some pretty things, but of no great value, which I humbly beseech the Grand Signior that he would vouchsafe to leave to my Son, if out of his Clemency he should not think fitting to conv●●● them to his own use, in which case he is absolute Master: And this is all I desire thee to tell: And having said this, he turned his face to the Wall & bid the Chiaus do his Office, and then was strangled and his Head being cut from his Body, was carried to the Kaimecam's House, and from thence to the Grand Signior, who the day following sent it by the Nassachi Agosi to the Army, further offering them the Heads of all those they should require, even those of his own Sons: Promising likewise to satisfy them in all their Pay behindhand, which was about fifteen Months, and to augment it, and give them a Donative, as if he was a New Emperor, and to this purpose sent them four thousand Purses, each containing above five hundred Dollars, to Adrianople, in case they would stay there, esteeming that place convenient and befitting to Winter in, both for that it abounds in all things, as also that it lay near to take the Field again in the Spring. The Grand Signior did too much dread the coming of the Army to Constantinople, knowing the great Damage, that must thence ensue; seeing that but some days before the bare suspicion conceived by the People, that some Troops had entered the City in the Night time, and that the remaining part of the Army was at hand did in a trice Occasion all the shops to be shut up; but these fears immediately vanished, because that Nissangek Pacha was forthwith dispatched throughout the whole City and proclaimed that on pain of Death they should all keep open their shops.  
In the mean while the Soldiers did not show themselves any wise pacified with the satisfactions given them by the Grand Signior; and as concerning that of Soliman's Death, they openly cried, that they had not in the least required his head, but that they aimed at having him alive in their hands, to make him give an Exact Account of the Moneys Levied the last year for the Service of the War, and wherein he had consumed them.  
The Nassachi, that returned from the Army with their Answer, found that the Kislar-Aga was imprisoned in the Seraglio, and that in his stead Ali-Aga was made Kasnadar. In like manner the Bostangi Pachi was taken into Custody, and he declared to have the superintendency of that Employ. There were also imprisoned the Seigmen Pachi, or janizar-aga, the Tefterdar, with whom were likewise the Empresses Chiaus and Steward, the Moxur Aga, the Chief Tekragu, Stanni Effendi, Casan Elebi intendant of the Arsenal, Ornar Aga, Regebs Kiaia Giaban Age, or Chief Commissioner of the Customs, who was imprisoned the day of Regebs' flight; and then tormented to reveal the Treasure and the place where he had hid it; And all these were sent to the Army, by whom they were clapped under Arrest, but the Bostangi Pachi, and the Seigmen Pachi were set again at Liberty, the former being further sent Pacha to Metelino, and the second for Seraskier against the Venetians in the Morea. Nay and the Mokur Aga was sent to command the janissaries in Candia, and all this was done by the Army's order. But the freeing the Kizlar-Aga was not with the Consent of the Soldiers, but of the Grand Signiors own Motion, though Condemned to pay three hundred Purses, and all the Estate he had in Constantinople to be confiscated. He took his march for Egypt where he possessed vast Riches, having been in that Employ for 18 Years together in which time he always stood possessed of the Grand Signiors favour, who suffered himself to be governed by him more than by any other Minister, insomuch that all the Visirs and Fachas caressed and presented him to be in his favour.  
But the Grand Signior on the 22th of October was resolved to put Policy upon the stretch, and like a Candle that is ready to go out, he tried the most efficacious means to revive the Blaze of his decaying Authority; for that reflecting, but too late, that he was deprived of his most trusty Ministers and Confidents, and surrounded by those that were assigned him by the Army, and that all the means he had raised, to satisfy the Militia, did in no wise avail but rendered them bolder than ever, he came at Midnight into Constantinople. He attempted the Cunningest stratagem to fix himself by main force in the Throne, even to the shame of angry fortune, and feigning to know it to be impossible to maintain himself in the Imperial seat, He asked to speak with his Brother Soliman, giving to understand that he meant to recommend his Sons to him, seeing it became him to give way to the force of his Destiny; but nevertheless under this fiction he fostered a resolute Spirit to take away his own Sons and Brothers Lives, that so the Army might be compelled to continue him at the Helm, there being no others of the Imperial Line. But the Bostangi Pachi and Kizlar-Aga conceived some suspicion of this matter, and immediately made the Kaimecam acquainted with it, who coming instantly ordered the Giuka Aga to go into the streets near the Wall of the Seraglio, and admonished the Grand Signior not to make any Attempt against his own Blood, and to forbear giving any suspicion, by seeking to enter into the Apartments of his Sons and Brother, because that the janissaries had surrounded the Seraglio, and would surprise him if he did not remain quiet. This Enterprise being also thus interrupted, he found himself Excluded from all means of maintaining himself in the Sovereign Degree.  
But now was the hour come that he was to Experience the Vicissitudes of Humanity, passing from the Possession of a vast Empire to the narrow Compass of four Walls, and the first stork that presaged the effect, was his being given to understand that his Sons were taken from him and put under a safe Guard, with the greater security to cooperate for the Brother's safety. Then he more evidently knew it when he saw himself under Confinement, the Bostangi Pachi having Express order from the Kaimecam, not to suffer him to enter into a Boat, nor so much as to stir out without his first being made acquainted with it. Thus was the Unfortunate Grand Signior penned up in the Serrail, without having other Recreation in his tormenting Circumstances, than a harsh Remembrance of his passed Grandeurs, which served the more to rack him: He repaired often to a Kiosch upon the Seashore under the Wall of the Serrail, to divert himself a little from the Melancholy thoughts which possessed his Mind. In the mean while his Greatnesses terminated on the 29th of October, and upon his Ruins his Brother Soliman laid the first foundation of his felicities.  
The Army was come within two days journey to Ponte-Grand, and at Midnight entered Chiabeck, where the Lieutenant-General of the janissaries, with ten Companies of that Militia, studied to bring about the alteration, without any Hurly-Burly in the City or Serrail.  
In the mean while, the Bostandgi Pacha, and the Kizlar-Aga repaired about Midnight to the Grand Signior Mahomet, in pursuance of the orders they had received of putting him into safe Custody. He in great Confusion knew not what answer to make, but that he did not know of his having committed any Error, by which he might merit such a punishment; to which the Ministers replied, that he should call to mind, that he had reigned forty years and upwards, and that this aught to suffice him, being the Course of a Man's Life.  
Before day the Kaimecam, Mufti, Caydelesker, and some Principal Persons of the Law, reassembled at St. Sophia, and having performed their morning Devotions, at the first Dawn of day they sent the Chiaus-Pachi to the Serrail, and followed him: As ●oon as they were admitted, they required Sultan Soliman, who being brought forth was immediately placed upon the Throne, auguring him all manner of felicity, and that God would bless his undertake for the Honour and Weal of the Empire. He upon so great and unexpected tidings was not at all ruffled or changed; but with great Modesty and Humility laying his hand upon his Breast bowed down, and in few words rendered them thanks, and they thus leaving him went their ways, and at three a Clock in the Afternoon he was proclaimed Emperor thronghout all the parts of the City. It is a matter Worthy of Reflection, that a few Squadrons of Mutinous Soldiers should be sufficient to bring about the Changing of an Emperor by so long a train of years rooted in the Command of so great and populous a City, without the least Combustion or Disorder, attending such a Revolution, and without meeting Opposition and Resistance; and this case seems to renew the ancient practice of the Roman Soldiery, who at their pleasure Elected their Emperors, and by barely appearing at the Walls of Rome, forced the People to concur with their Opinion. But however, he that shall consider the consternation, under which People laboured in Constantinople, will have little Room for Wonder, that they had so quietly suffered the total Topsy-Turveying of the Monarchy, because that their minds being dejected by continual advices of unhappy Successes, and their Persons terrified with the Presence of armed Soldiers, they had neither means nor forces to oppose themselves against the Current of these respective Events. And besides, the People hoping to change fortune with the shifting of Persons, did the more easily comply with the New Government. Moreover the Ministers proceeded with a prudent Cautiousness in the Exaltation of the New Emperor, not staying for all the Soldiery to come into the City, whence would have ensued most heavy Inconveniences, and of considerable Prejudice, if the Military Insolence had had the honour of solely advancing Soliman to the Commands.  
It's thought that the Deposed's Life will be but very short, by reason of its being the usual Custom of that Nation to step out of Prisons into the Grave, as also because that Mahomet being for so many years accustomed to Pastimes, to the Exercises of Hunting, and to Riding daily, and what is more to Government, could very ill brook to see himself clapt-up in a Chamber, deprived of all Recreation and Authority, whence he must in a short time be conveyed to his Tomb, altho' his Death should not be hastened by the new Grand Signiors Command.  
On the 31th of October the Kaimecam, and all the Great Personages went to meet the Vizir, accompanying him two Miles from the City. The Chiaus-Pachi was secured by the Soldiers, and in his stead was elected the Person that had the same Employ about the Vizir.  
On the first of November the Vizir made his Solemn Entry into Constantinople, accompanied by a Cavalcade of all the Great Men Military and Civil, and on his Left hand rid the Mufty, and in this manner repaired to the Serrail, delivering up to the Grand Signior the Seal and Prophet's Standard, from whom he received a new Seal with his own name.  
Afterwards, the Spahies and janissaries assembled in the Hippodrome and Meidan, requiring the Heads of their Enemies, their Pays and other Deuce. The Former were in the Hippodrome and the Latter in the Meidan, and they all demanded that Regeb the late Kaimecam should be put alive into their hands, but prevailed not. He was indeed strangled in Prison, and his Body Exposed upon the Place of St. Sophia before the great Gate of the Serrail upon an old Matt until the Morning of the sixth day, and then it was removed. This was a great Man both for his Capacity and Courage, and if the Deposed Sultan had listened to his Persuasions, he would either have continued upon the Throne, or at least made his fall a difficult Enterprise by some Act of Generosity.  
After Regebs' Death one Cochiuc Mehomet a Ringleader of the Mutinous Spahies, endeavoured to persuade the Soldiers to be quiet, and content themselves with three Pays instead of five; This man had indeed great Authority among the Soldiers, nay more than the Vizir himself, and because great Persons sent him rich Regales, and that he dwelled in a Sumptuous Palace, went abroad in a Magnificent Garb, and road about with a Guard of Armed Men, these things made the Soldiers jealous that he was corrupted with Moneys, and at their cost procured his own Greatness; wherefore towards the Evening the Soldiery went to find him out in his own Palace, and meeting him with slaves and knives miserably killed him.  
There is some appearance, that the Spahies and janissaries will jump in Accord with what concerns their own Interest, but nevertheless are not really united. However the Vizir to pacify them, promised to give them all their Pays that were owing to them, and that on the 8th of the same Month they should certainly be satisfied; but this not being performed, they were forced to defer the Solemn repairing of the Grand Signior to the Mosch of jup, for the receiving from Nachib Effendi Chief of the Green-Heads, or the true Offspring of the Prophet, the Sword with which he had been lately girt. This Pomp was appointed to be on the Friday, but if Moneys be not to be found out to satisfy the Militia, they, thinking they are imposed upon, will occasion new Tumults.  
In the mean while the Soldiers would not suffer the Prey of Kizlar-Aga to escape out of their hands, He having been freed by the deposed Grand Signior, and was going for Cairo. For they dispatched some after him to seize him, & having overtaken him at Nicaea, the Eunuch Capigi Pachi, had not the Courage to attack him, as having 200. Persons with him; but having united the Country People, they enclosed him on all sides, and so being taken Prisoner by the Soldiers, they carried him Prisoner to Constantinople, where he will certainly in a short time be beheaded; in the Interim they have made him Confess where he hid all his Wealth, knowing him to be Extraordinary Rich.  
Mahomet, the late Grand Signior, has anew besought the Emperor to grant him the Company of his Sons, and he is indulged in his Request, they all being in the very Apartment where for so many Years, the same Soliman was confined in the Serrail.  
So short a space will not allow Us to pass a Judgement on this Emperor's Inclinations; We know indeed that having for so many Years been used to study and the reading of Books, he has levelled his Genius that way; Whence he would make a better Master of a School than a Head of Armies.  
His Mother was removed from the Old-Serrail, where she has always been kept from the time of Sultan-Ibrahims Death to the Grand-Serrail, to participate in the Honours and felicities of her Son, and she is Valide; but she is said to be crackbrained.  
We since understand by the Letters of the 26th of November, that Tumults had ensued between the Spahies and the janissaries, who jointly refused to receive the Pays, without the usual Donative of the new Emperor; but the Scarceness of the public money, by the Exchequers being wholly Exhausted, occasioned no small Difficulties.  
The janissaries being discontented with their Aga, turned him off, and requiring, as has been Customary in former times, a janizary-aga out of the Serrail, the Scelicter was put into that Station, a Man in no wise fitted for the Dignity, having ever been shut up in that Serrail, and of no Practice in Military matters: but this was much for their purpose, desiring to have a head that had need of being ruled by them, and not they commanded by him.  
These to provide themselves with money, sent for the Principal Commanders, who are four, of that Cursed Crew, and they 'Sessed several Persons some a hundred Thousand, some fifty thousand Reals, according to each man's means, and made use of their Houses for the Quartering of Soldiers at Discretion, until they had fulfilled the Payment of the Sums prescribed.  
In other matters the Concerns of the Soldiery go on quietly, and the Reigning Grand Signior went on the 7th to the Mosch of jup, in order to the being Solemnly girt, as has been said, with the Sword of Nachib-Effendi, and chief of the Green-heads, which is the Equivalent of a Coronation.  
The four Chiefs of the Mutinous Soldiers, leading the Militia, as it were, in a string, do truly command the Visir, without his being able to contradict them in any thing, their Insolence owning no other Authority then their own pleasure.  
After the so many forementioned Butcheries, there followed not any shedding of Blood, save only that of Lokiuk Mahomet, their Principal Commander, out of a suspicion of his being corrupted with the money of the Serrail: and that of the poor Regeb Kaimecam, who was strangled, (as was before related.) He that fled towards Cairo is imprisoned in the Seven Towers, and they have despoiled him of all his Wealth, but it is not known who will Succeed him.  
The Reigning Grand Signior has prevailed for the life of the new Kizlar-Aga, he having got his Redemption by dibursing a hundred thousand Reals; the like befalling all the Minions of the deposed Grand Signior, by whose favour having enriched themselves, they must now buy their Lives at a Dear rate.  
The new Kaimecam Mustapha Bacha Kiuperli is the favourite of the present Emperor, who has declared himself that he would not take away the Life of his deposed Brother, but only that he should be kept as he himself had been.  
They are now in hopes of enjoying Tranquillity in Constannoble, for that the Soldiers having received all their pays, if they do not harbour other perverse Designs, they will return to their own homes: the greatest pressure they labour under it present is, to find out Money sufficient for the Ensuing Campaign, giving out that the Grand Signior will go in Person to the War, and will Assemble his Army in Adrianople.  
Great Reformations have been made in the Expenses of the Serrail, calculating that they have spared a Million of Reals for this year; because that this Grand Signior is not used to the Luxuries of the Court, and pretends to govern wholly in Conformity to the Laws, and the Writ his Mother makes not any figure in the Court.  
Since these Occurrences we have Letters of the 17th. of September, in which we have the Confirmation of all before related, assuring us that there had not only ensued the slaughter of all the Ministers of the deposed Grand Signior, but likewise that all those of his Party are slain, and their estates confiscated, the management of the Government being left to the new Kaimecam, and his Kinsman Chiaus Grand Vizier.  
They further advise us of the frequent sitting of the Divan to consult about the means of furnishing to the Occasions of the ensuing Campagne. The truth is that they have been hampered afresh by the tumults of the Soldiery, part of whom still adherr'd to the deposed Sultan, whence they have judged it a prudent Resolution to Separate the Peaceable from the Tumultuous, whereupon a number of the Militia were transported into Asia, and thus the Hurly-Burlies were a little allayed and quieted. After which the Divan came to a Determination of utterly abandoning the thoughts of Hungary, seeing there were no hopes of keeping it, thinking it sufficient to send some Troops for the defence of Belgrade, and the neighbouring Places, contriving to unite the whole strength of the Soldiery under the Grand Vizier, and send him to Negropont to maintain that Country, which much more conduces to the advantage of the Ottoman Empire, and at the same time the Tartars should with their own forces oppose the Muscovites and Poles, as they had done in the late Campaign.  
But these Resolutions were quite interrupted by the coming of a Tartarian Envoy, at the same time dispatched by the Cham of the Crim Tartars, who in the name of his Prince represented to the Port; that the Tartars ever constant in their fidelity and good Correspondence with Turkey, had at all times exerted their Affection, even at the Cost of their Lives and fortunes. That they had the last Campagne by artifices deluded the formidable forces of the Muscovites and Poles, without suffering them to gain any Advantage over the Countries that are at the Grand Signiors Devotion. But that is for the ensuing Campaign, they know it impossible for them to make Resistance against the great Military Preparations, that were making by those two forementioned Potentates, in case they were not assisted by the Port with notable Succours of men and money.  
This Seemed a Thunderbolt, that put the Divan into the utmost fright, Insomuch they were all Nonplussed and in confusion at this unexpected proposal. Wherefore they altered all the Resolutions they had already taken, and made new Projects more suitable to the present Exigency, some Ministers urged that it would be a mighty help to dispatch Ministers to the Christian Potentates & Allies and by any means to procure Peace. That they should send a blank signed Paper to Poland; that so that Crown laying hold of so great an Advantage, might serve for a means to quiet the Muscovites, though not give Peace; and 'tis thought this opinion may prevail; thus we expect what Resolution they will six upon; because that the Ottoman Monarchy is certainly at present like to a man in great danger of being cast away, and who to save himself catches hold on the very Briars. Thus it will strike in with any Course, though Disadvantageous, so as that it but tends to re-feat it, and buoy it up amid the Tempests that toss it at present.  
The End of the First Part.   

The Second Part. The Prosecution of the Account of the Commotions of Turkey, Correlative to the Dilucidation, taken upon the Place, and fitted for the Public Curiosity.  
WHoever lives tossed amid the Tempests of unhappy Successes, has not any other Glimmering left of friendly Light, save the hopes of getting at the long run out of those Intricate Labrinths of Misery by the third either of Prudent Resolutions, or of precipitous Attempts. In the Dilucidation of the late Commotions of Turkey, we left the Ottoman Ministers busy in providing means to procure a Peace with the Confedrated Princes, as the scope of all their Desires, and this not speeding, to make ready all the forces possible; to stem and make a Bank against the Current of the Catholic Victories, which being more than ever aggrandized by vast Additions of Troops and Warlike Preparations, they foresaw were likely to Seize the nighest and most Important Places of their Dominions. And after the manner of expert Physicians knowing that is is in vain to apply Remedies to outward Distempers, when the inward and Principal parts are infected, they attempted to purge Constantinople of the Seditious Soldiers, and giving them entire satisfaction in all their pays besides opulent Donations, they remanded the asiatics with all their Leaders to their own Homes. But because that every bettering of a distempered Person is ascribed by Persons concerned for a sure Prognostic of restored health, the Turks thought to have enjoyed most peaceably the new Government, being alured by a momentaneous Serene of Quiet, because that the asiatics being separated from the Europeans, almost all the Spahies dismissed, they had hopes that the remaining part of the Army would peaceably attend the Grand Signior's orders, and march for such Places as should be appointed for the ensuing Campagne. But they do not consider, that when they do not utterly root out the Distemper, every appearance of health, serves only to brood more pernicious ills, and more dangerous Relapses. For Six Chieftains of the Mutinous Troops being left in Constantinople, one Chieftain and two Assistants for the White Banner, and the like for the Red, and likewise four hundred Bolakhaski, or Captains, two hundred for one Party and two hundred for Tother, these pretended that the Grand Signior ought to own the aggrandizement of his fortune to them, aiming to regulate the Government according to their own sense and pleasure, without acknowledging either the Superintendency of the Ministers, or the Sovereignty of the Emperor, and mingling the Profession of Arms with the Exercise of managing the affairs of the City, they framed out and demized the public Revenues with an Intention, perhaps, of Exacting from but of never satisfying the Prince. They went to Audience of the Vizir with their Swords by their sides, in a posture rather of Commanding than of representing Requests, and in short would needs be Judges of all the most Important affairs of the Monarchy.  
The Vizir durst not openly oppose himself against the temerity of the Mutineers, the Example of the preceding Ministers miserably butchered by the Soldiers serving him for a rule to square his measures by, he made a show of condescending to all their Demands; but it is not known whether out of an Intention of lulling them asleep, that he might afterwards surprise them unprovided, and overwhelm them with a blow, so much the heavier as it was Unexpected, or through the faintness of his Spirit, or the want of artifices and evasion, being a man absolutely void of the knowledge of Letters, and so forced basely to submit to the Will and Pleasure of a few Soldiers, fearing perhaps that as their tumults had raised his fortune, the same means would bring his ruin. Certain it is that hitherto he has not given the least Instance of a Politician, nor of a man versed in public Concerns, some further questioning whether in the Sovereign Command of the Armies he is like to Speed better than he has hitherto done in Political Administrations; But time which unfolds all will f●rther make known the effect of these suppositions. True it is that the giving way so easily to a few Youths raised from an abject Condition, to some fortune, by the Infamous means of Rebellion, is the Maxim of Cowardly Men, when they will not confess, that they themselves having likewise by the same ways obtained their Employ cannot show ends different from the means which served them for their Agrandizement.  
And because among all the weighty Considerations which the Port may have at present, the principal is to accumulate Moneys by all manner of means, as being the main Nerve of Armies, and the securest way to remove all Turbulencies, by sending the Soldiery away, hence it came that instead of shedding the Blood of those they deemed worthy of Punishment, they now squeeze them of their Gold; and because the Kizlar-Aga, who as we said in our foregoing Dilucidation, had been Imprisoned in the Seven Towers, he was freed thence, being nevertheless bound to pay to the Public Five hundred thousand Crowns, besides vast Sums disbursed to the Ministers for the obtaining his Delivery. It was no difficult matter for him to find out so many Sums of Money, because that having been, as has been said, so many Years in Possession of that Employ, and what is more in the Deposed Grand Signiors favour, he had heaped up infinite Treasures, and principally in Egypt he had made Acquisitions of vast Territories, and therefore being now made free he took a journey by Land towards Cairo. Nor had Ali Aga Asnadar, who was the former's Successor, any better fortune, seeing he was likewise compelled to redeem his own Life with the disbursement of a hundred thousand Crowns, and likewise with his repairing to Cairo by Sea having left as Successor in his Employ the Aga of the Old Serrail.  
There went likewise for Cairo the Selectar, or Sword-Bearer of the Grand Signior, having been appointed by the Court for Pacha of those Country's, and it is reported that for the making that Voyage he had hired two French Ships for Alexandria, and that further from the Ambassador and Merchants of the said Nation he had borrowed a hundred and fifty Purses, yet with depositing Pledges proportionable, which were to remain on board till such time as that the said Moneys were fully paid in Alexandria.  
The Life of the degraded Grand Signior seems to give no small suspicion to Soliman's Ministers, as Persons that have a Prospect of the Progress of their Fortunes from upholding the New Emperor. Besides they have insinuated into him that he should not grant Mahomet the favour of the Physicians he required, to cure the Indisposition of his Legs, that were very much Swollen, and to open anew certain parts that had been cut, all having proceeded from a Totall Change of this Prince's way of Living, seeing now he is forced to remain penned up in a Chamber without any manner of Diversion whatever, whereas before by the Exercizes of Riding and Hunting, he was, as it were, in continual Motion. And to palliate this Act of Barbarity, they have persuaded him to answer his Brother: that as for his own part he would most willingly cooperate in all things to his satisfaction, and should chiefly desire to see him recovered from his Indispositions, under which he labours,, if he was sure he should be freed from the Distemper; but that the Cure being uncertain, and there being no security that the Physicians will be helpful to him, he will not incur the Blame of having occasioned, nay procured his Death; and that this he looked upon as a necessary Result, well-knowing that the People would suspect, and with reason, that he under the pretext of having him Cured would procure his Death by Contrary Medicines. In the mean while, he supported (with a Constancy worthy of him) the Malady, praying God (in whose hands is the Life and Death of Men) that he would grant him perfect Health: and with this feigned Pretext denied the poor Prince so just a demand.  
This notwithstanding, there are not wanting Adherents to Mahomet that breath after the reprocuring him his lost Estate, and there are Others that propose it as a matter more Expedient to advance his Son to the Throne, giving out, that Soliman being altogether inexpert in Government, by having through the whole space of his Life been confined to a Chamber, without knowing the Maxims, which ought to concur for the Establishing a fortunate Monarchy, and without experience of politic Management, from which every Body of Monarchy receives its Spirit and Vigour. And then the seeing him far from Venereal Inclinations, by having reformed the Serails of the Women, under colour of taking away superfluous Expenses, makes them believe that as he promises little ability for the Establishment of the Empire, so he affords no great prospect of giving a Succession of Progeny, so necessary to Monarches.  
Nevertheless the Concerns of the new Government are far from being well settled; Nay they give less hopes than ever of continuing in any good posture; for there are three Factions on foot, the first for the Reigning Soliman, the second for the deposed Mahomet, and the third for his Son, who being in his one and twentieth year of Age seems much more capable than the others to receive the Crown; because that Mahomet who was lately shouldered out of the Throne, will very hardly be placed again in his former station, seeing this will never be assented unto by those, that have been the Occasion of his being deposed, with justice suspecting, that being advanced anew to the Helm, he will aim at securing to himself the Dignity, by laying the foundations of his establishment upon the Carcases of his Adversaries. Now Soliman being as it were deprived of the Spirit, Vigour and Capacity requisite for the ruling such a Monarchy, by having been buried in the Sloth of so long an Imprisonment, has neither the Age nor Capacity to learn those Maxims, which Constitute a real Emperor, seeing by that time he can get information and insight into those matters, he must through old Age leave the Helm together with his Life. Thus the only hopes remain in Mahomet's Son, a Sprightful youth, fit to receive all Impression as well of a Marshal as a Politic Prince.  
The very People, though such as ought not to be meddling in matters of Empire, discourse things conformably as they are directed by their Desire or Inclinations: Giving out, that the Vizier, to give some essays of his valour and to acquire merit with the Port, will go into the Morea the ensuing Campegne, with Armies of between forty and fifty thousand Soldiers, with a Prospect of recovering that Realm, and of Signalizing his Name by setting anew in the Ottoman Crown the precious Gem of that lost Kingdom. That for this Purpose the Capigi Pachi was dispatched to Algiers to let them know that the Port would assign them ten of its ships, that so being united to those of that Republic, the Algerines might make head against the Naval Power of the Venetians. But as these Particularities are not grounded on an evident Certainty they give Occasion to our suspending our total Belief, expecting that the Benefit of time will Clear the event of such like Reports. Besides there is great Probability that the Turk will, in the Ensuing Campagne, bring greater Forces against the Republic than they did the year before.  
In the mean while the Ministers of the Port put their wits upon the stretch to find means to raise money, making Diligent Enquiry into all People's Estates, and after forfeitures, and such as may be liable to fines and Confiscations, that so by such means they may furnish the things Necessary for the Ensuing Campaign, yet all Contrivances of this kind falling short, for that the Insolency of the mutinous Soldiers having quite drained the Exchequer, and gorged a great part of the Revenues belonging to the public, the Vizier tried one method which made him absolutely incur the Odium of the Soldiery, and finally drew on his Ruin. Certain public Revenues were assigned for the Soldiers which the Vizier advised to be stopped and detained, therewith to supply the present Occasions, thus despairing the Soldiery of their Security of being satisfied as to their Arriers. The other Ministers proposed that in imitation of what had been done at other times, when the Prince had laboured under a want of money, and that he had no other way to be furnished, that a Tax of a Zecchin should be laid upon each firehearth of Constantinolpe, Bursia & Adrianople, nevertheless only taxing the Turks Chimneys, not those of the Christians, because that the latter having been burdened with other manifold Impositions, they had not wherewithal to answer this new Levy. But the Mahometans, being besieged on all sides with Distress and Penury, did absolutely deny to assent thereunto; because that the interruption of all Trade and Commerce with so many parts of Europe had more than a little diminished their Gains and Incomes, and the temerity of the mutineers had made them contribute large Sums beyond what was customary, and besides the methods to augment the Burdens of Subjects, afflicted on all Parts, are not so easy to practise, when they do not perceive that such Courses redound to their Benefit, either in securing their Commerce, or defending their Religion, their Estates, substance and goods from Enemies and Seducers▪ whence seeing that so many sums that had been exacted had been converted to the Benefit of a few Mutineers, and the public drained and exhausted to pamper and fatten private Persons, nay & the very Enemies of the common weal & quiet, it is not to be wondered at if the People assessed did so openly declare that they neither could nor would assent thereunto. Thus was the Execution of that Decree suspended, Employing the Moneys they had in sending Men and Provisions to Negrepont & Canea, & to make the Necessary Preparations for the fitting out the Fleet, consisting in forty three Fusts and Briganties, and one Galley, which they built, Twenty of the said Vessels being now in a readiness, the speedy Equipping of the rest are recommended to the Ministers upon severe Penalties of Non-Performance, the Public Cry being that the aforesaid forces ought to be Employed to secure the Black-Sea, from the pinching Invasions of the Cossacks, who continually scouring that Sea occasioned infinite Damage, as well to Commerce, as more particularly to all Commodities that furnished to the Maintenance of Constantinople. And the more to quicken and spirit the People to Contributions, and to Encourage the Soldiery, the Sultan had given order for the setting up the Horse's Tails, by them called To●, which serve for an infallible sign of the Courts taking the ●●eld, giving the Vizier also to understand that he must in Apr repair to Adrianople, reporting at the same time that he was to send & go along with the greater part of the forces into the Morea, leaving the Residue for the Defence of Belgrade, and that little of Hungary they have remaining. But the Accidents which afterwards ensued, broke to pieces these Resolutions, having given clearly to understand, that the tolerating the Insolences of the Rebellious, without Punishment, was the flushing them still to commit greater, in hopes of coming off still at the same rate. In the mean while, the Immoderate Pretensions of those Rebellious Officers at Constantinople did daily increase, who not contented with seeing under their feet the Sultan's Supreme Authority, and that of the Principal Ministers, wresting the Government conformably to their Interest or Caprice, but would needs be continually the Abettors of Innovations, whence the Grand Signior coming at length to know that he had fostered and nested a Serpent in his Bosom, that would at the long run deprive him of his Life, and that the any longer tolerating the temerity of those, was to show himself utterly deprived of Authority, and in a worse Condition than his very Subjects, seeing he suffered himself to be ruled at their Will and Pleasure, he determined upon making use of his Force and Power, seeing Reason had not sufficient Light to make known to those Minds, adumbrated by Contumacy, the Duty of Subjects, and the terms wherein they ought to contain themselves; In order to which he commanded the janizary-aga, that he should speedily remedy these matters, by Employing Chastisement for the Reducing to due Obedience, such as were repugnant to and would not comply with their Duty. The Aga, not willing to hazard himself in acquanting unitely all the Rebels with the supreme order, derived also from the common Consent of the Divan, well knowing that the opposing the Resolute will of the worst People does often lead into those precipitous Resolutions, that are the Daughters of Turbulent minds, and alienated their due Obedience, he repaired to Fetuaggi the Rebell-Leader, and showed him the Grand Signiors Decree, endeavouring by all the means of Persuasion to bring him to a sense of his Duty; but he more Insolent than ever, esteemed a note of Infamy what was only a petty Resentment in respect of his perverse Operations. This Carriage, nevertheless, very much provoking the Aga, he commanded his follower to seize the Rebel, but he thinking to find the same faint-heartedness in the Soldiers he had Experienced in the Populacy, he laid his hand to his Sabre, attempting to defend his own Liberty, by hewing his way with Iron through the Midst of those Armed Men, as resting secure that if he should have the luck to get out of their hands, and run into the Midst of his Adherents, he should easily have escaped all manner of danger: but the effect proved contrary, because that being surrounded by the Aga's Soldiery, notwithstanding his Resistance, he was cut to pieces, they thus Sacrificing this Infamous Victim to the beginning of the Public Repose. In the mean time, the notice of this being brought to the Ears of forty Rebels, the followers and Adherents of the aforesaid Fettuaggi, not being sure of their being able alone to remedy the Accident, and take their Revenge for their slain Leader, moreover suspecting that they might possibly be surprised by a greater Multitude, they ran immediately to the Meidan, where the other Rebels were assembled, informing them of what had happened, animating them to maintain with the most steady Resolutions & the most grievous Extremities their Authority, which was threatened with Ruin, unless they made head against and used their utmost Endeavours to disappoint this beginning of Depression then impending. Whereupon they resolved upon not giving way in the least to the Grand Signiors Resolutions, but on the contrary more than ever to assert their own Power, ever hoping that Soliman having been advanced by them to the Dignity of Emperor, and the Vizier made to ascend to such an Employ by the means of their Valiant Assistance, would in no wise have forgotten such a Benefit, nor have attempted any Innovation against those People, whom they knew to have as well the forces and means as the Will and Pleasure to give and take away Dignities. The meeting these Rebels being understood by the Aga, and thinking with the Grand Signiors bare name to have pacified all the Tumults in a Trice, and that the wanting of a Head would dishearten all the Rest from adventuring upon new Commotions, being so well farther tutored and instructed, as he thought, by the so very fresh Example of Fettuaggi, he leapt on Horseback, repaired to the Meidan, to make them understand publicly the Grand Signiors Intentions, and the Punishments that menaced such as should neglect the Execution of his Wills. But the Mutineers temerity did not permit his Publication of the Supreme Decrees, but perceiving him to be the Minister appointed to correct their temerarious Insolences, without having any regard to the Personage he represented, or to the figure and Employ he bore, they laid hands to their Sabres, made a Miserable slaughter of the Aga, and of all such as went about to make any opposition, only leaving such alive as by flight found Protection from their Rage. The truth is, the Aga showed but little Experience, not only in Political matters, but likewise in Military, confirming by so unhappy an End the Prognostic passed in our foregoing Dilucidation, that he was like to prove a Minister of small Credit, having been ever penned up in a Serrail, far from all Intrigue and Management, and consequently void of all Experience in Affairs either Military or Civil. Wherefore he ought to have been satisfied with having surprised a Rebellious Chief in his own House, and with having sacrificed him to the Wills of the Grand Signior, without Exposing himself to the fury of an Army in Mutiny, with the bare Attendance of a few Soldiers, well enough knowing that he should be received by the Mutineers as an Enemy, having deprived them of their Leader. But he ought after Fettuaggi's Death to have united himself to the Vizier, & with a greater nerve of men, and so in the language of main force make the Rebels acquainted with the Grand Signiors orders, without hazarding the Supreme Authotity to an Evident Contempt, and his own Life to a Certain Peril. Be it as it will, the Rebels not accounting this Revenge sufficient to atone for the loss they had suffered in their Leader, their Stomach and Courage being augmented with the preseut issue, did esteem it an easy matter to accomplish their other Meditated Erterprises. Whereupon being hurried with the same fury, they went to the Treasurer's House to serve him in the same manner they had done the Aga; but he being better versed in the course that is practised of flying from the Encounters of an incensed Army, having understood the Pertinaciousness of the Soldiery, and the Butchery of the Aga, did not suffer himself to be found, meaning to give time opportunity, which probably might afford him a more secure access to his Appearance abroad. In the mean while their vexation at their being disappointed of venting their Rage upon the Person made them Exercise it upon the House, plundering it with all imaginable fury, and only leaving there the footsteps of an implacable Rage.  
All these Attempts reached the Viziers' Ear, altho' being made cautious by the Perils of others, and besides knowing that the Soldiery stood not well affected to him on the score of the abovementioned Exaction and Detainment of the Moneys appointed for their pays, and also doubting that they might suspect, that the order issued out by the Grand Signior proceeded from his Contrivance, he thought sitting to secure both his House and Person with four Companies of janissaries, and with three Pieces of Canon, not being willing to be taken unprovided, being sufficiently informed what the fnry of a Mutinous Army may attempt, and truly a Prophet of what was like to ensue; for lie was no sooner got home and had caused his Gates and Doors to be locked and barred with all Diligence, but that the Rebels came thither, and having Surrounded the House, began to try with force to break open the Gates, those within opposed them with a Dauntless Courage and thus followed a fray and Combat, those on one side fight as being guided by fury, and urged on by the hopes of getting a rich Booty, and of Extinguishing with the Viziers' Blood, whom they accounted the Abetter of all the Councils taken against them, the implacable thirst they had of Revenge, and the other side in defence of so great a Minister, and to suppress the Impiety of Rebels to their Prince. The Conflict lasted for many hours in such sort, that on both sides there remained four hundred killed, and in those of the Vizirs there would not have been wanting Constancy, if they had not had want of Ammunition; but being deprived of Arrows, Powder and Ball, not finding any longer the means to resist so much greater a Multitude, and such too as were provided with all necessaries for a longer Engagement, and for that fearing to remain a prey to such enraged Enemies, they esteemed it a more advantageous Expedient to provide for their safety by flight, and having opened a Gate they made all haste away, abandoning the House with their Patron and Master into the hands of implacable Enemies. The Vizir was left alone but not without Military Courage; for seeing the Soldiers enter his House, valour did not depart his Breast, but he resolved to honour his Death, with a Glorious End, selling his Life at an Extraordinray Dear Rate to the Enemies, for having made a vast slaughter of them with his Sabre in his hand, being Surrounded by the Multitude, and covered with Wounds, he was compelled to yield to his Destiny, falling Extinguished upon a Mountain of the Rebel's Carcases which he had slain with his Right hand. This Minister did manifestly give to understand that tho' Fortune had disappointed him of giving Instances of his valour by taking him out of the way before he had had Occasion of engaging in Erterprises becoming and worthy of his figure and Character, it could not however deprive him of the means of making his worth known at least in Death, thus curing the World of the Conceit that he had not given any token of an Experienced Person. And the Truth is, that Dignities acquired by infamous means, do often come to terminate in an end much of the like nature, and those very Persons that are the founders of a Fortune acquired by unjust courses, are often also the Origine of the Ruin of those very People whom they Exalt to the first Honours, and that a Dignity which has not for its Basis Merit and Honour, does easily meet with a Fall, as it easily got its Advancement. Be it as it will, the Vizier being thus slain, the Soldiers after having vented their Rage upon his Body, vented their Avarice upon his Goods, plundering his House and carrying away all that was in it. Nor did here their fury stop, but they Exercised their Avidity upon the Deceas'ds very Women, despoiling them of all they had, and finally the very little Sons of the Dead Vizier were the Innocent Relics consigned to the unextinguishable Covetousness of those Perfidious Wretches, seeing that having taken them from the House, they dragged them to the Market Place, and at the Price of three hundred Piastres sold to a Turk those that were the Sons of the First Minister of so great a Monarchy.  
Nor ended here the Military Insolence, but gradually with their Wicked Actions the Rebel's boldness being augmented, they Proceeded to Exercise their Barbarities upon the Grand Siguiors own Servants, and having the force in their hands, they had a Design in their minds of putting him himself to a most Enormous Torture: In the mean while they killed two of their Emperor's Querries, as also his Capigilar, leaving no means untried for the Establishing their Usurped Authority upon the common Ruin. The Grand Signior being overwhelmed with so many unhappy Events, void of all Prospect of remedying the present Insolences, seeing those means, which he had made use of to give Peace to his State, had produced so much the more pernicious Tempests, he was utterly deprived of Council. He had often thoughts of assembling Men that he might with force oppose the stubborness of the Rebellious Soldiers: but as he had neither the Heart to make himself their head, nor the means to make himself obeyed, he laid aside this form as useless and impracticable. Then he was inclined to convene the Divan, in it to consult about the means of repressing so intolerable a Malep●rtness, but considering that the Greater part of the Ministers were either taken from him by the Rebel's Swords, or distanced through the fear of Incurring the like unhappy Exits, neither did he strike in with this Course. But at the long Run suffering himself to be guided more by fear than Courage, and fixing upon the Vilest of all Remedies, namely his Inclination and the Dictates of his own Genius, he caused publicly to be Exposed out of his Serrail the Standard of Mahomet, causing to be proclaimed, that all those who had any spark of Religion and Obedience should repair ●rm●d under the Ensign of the Great Prophet without any Delay, in not doing of which they should be esteemed Rebels to God and their Prince, and that they ought openly to take up Arms against the Mutineers, and with their Blood Extinguish that fire of Rebellion, which those perfidious Wretches did more th●n ever endeavour to spread in Constantinople. The truth is, this Resolution taken by the Grand Signior was that of an unexperienced Person, meaning that Religion should serve for a Buckler to defend his own Authority, and to secure himself from the forces of the Mutinous Soldiery.  
The Relying alone upon the Law when the juncture requires the Chastisement of Rebels armed and at war with the force and Power of Justice, and incapable of being reduced to a sense of their Duty, otherwise than by the Dint of Iron and open Resistance, is to show, not the Spirit of a warlike Prince, but, the faint-heartedness of a timorous Religious. If Soliman could not do, like Semiramis, who only with her Royal Presence and with Powerful words was able to interupt the Course of a most furious Insurrection made by the People of Babylon, because that being a new and green Prince, not advanced for his Merits nor in vogue for his Erterprises, nor having experience or Address in Affairs, but lifted up upon the Throne by Tumultuous Squardrons upon the bare consideration of his Birth, he had not the Credit to suppress such Sturdy Commotions, he ought at least to have convened all the Militia, and armed men that had no hand in the tumults and were not infected with Rebellion, and with open force make head against the Mutineers, making them experience, that as they had judged him worthy of the Crown, he had a Head to sustain it, and a Spirit to exert his Dignity.  
Yet this shift of Setting up the Standard, dictated to him by a Desperate necessity, did so far avail him, that if it did not serve to make him known for a Prince of High Mettle, it at least sufficed from the Military Insolences to secure both his Life and the Imperial Crown: Because that upon the bare sight of this Standard, an innumerable Body of armed men got together, and through all the Burroughs, Wards, Quarters and Serails of Constantinople the People flocked in arms, by which Concourse the Grand Signior being animated, he caused Proclamation to be made, that the Soldiers of the Insurrection were Rebels to the Prince and the Laws, and by Consequence Worthy of the Severest Punishments, and that therefore every man of them ought to be sought out with exact Diligence, to make them with their Lives pay th● penalty of so many slaughters as they had committed in the Prince's Ministers and Servants, and to give Life to the Public Peace by utterly extinguishing those Contumacious Enemies of the universal Welfare. Their Temerity was become Intolerable, and if this Pestilence had not been quite rooted out, it would quickly have infected all the Country with evident Danger of the total fall of the Ottoman Monarchy. These Words seemed a Trumpet that revived in all People's minds the Desire of running precipitously to the slaughter of the Mutineers, Insomuch that in a Trice the People were seen with their Swords in their hands to search the most hidden Recesses and most concealed skulking Places, that so they might not leave any seed of so pernicious a Brood. Thus were they cut to pieces in all parts of the City, without any distinction of Degree or Person, having no hopes of any Refuge, seeing the Grand Signior had caused Proclamation to be made, that all those should be judged Guilty of High-Treason, and worthy of Death, that should give Aid, Harbour, or in any wise defend or conceal the foresaid Rebels, so as to impede the Correction due for the Crimes they had committed; By which means was rooted out in a little time the Plant of this Contumacious Brood, which from a despicable seed had in a trice grown to such a Height, as to shade the whole Monarchy with its Branches. A Ringleader of the Mutineers being surprised by the Loyal Party, he would have redeemed his Life and Liberty by disbursing three hundred Purses; but he offered what was no longer his own, seeing the bare declaration of a Rebel did deprive him of whatever he possessed, which devolved to the Imperial Fiscal and Excheequer, and besides these were Moneys pinched in sacking the Houses of the Grand Vizier and Treasurer, thus he only restored part of the Booty, and not paid out of his own stock a Redemption for his Life. Therefore was he also strangled, and his Carcase thrown with others into the Public Place, Yet durst they not do the same to the Mufti, seeing the Reverence to the Sacerdotal Degree did not permit them to imbrue their hands in his Sacred Blood, notwithstanding he had been no small Abettor of the Commotions of the Mutinous Soldiery; but they contented themselves with deposing him from his Office, esteeming it a greater Punishment than Death itself, seeing he must ever live a private Man, with the tormenting & infamous Remembrance of his having been deposed from his Dignity by having fomented the Insurrections of Men against their Lawful Prince. The Mufti his Predecssor was restored to that Post, and in the Place of the slain Vizier the Grand Signior put the Nisangi Pacha, pro Interim, being a man almost decrepit, but of great Merit, and this possibly to honour his Death, and to have time to provide another, the Importance of such a Dignity not allowing of its being left vacant. In the mean while, the Grand Signior laid mightily to heart the Death of the Vizier that was slain by the Mutineers, as well because he owed all his Greatness to his Procurement, as that by his Death he had given signal Instances that he would have proved a Valiant General, if the Barbarousness of his Soldiers had not nipped off the flower of their conceived Hopes. Wherefore to remunerate in part his good service, He caused immediately Proclamation to be made, that whoever had, held, or knew the Place, whither the Goods of the said Vizier were removed by the Rebels upon the Plunder of his House, they should within the term of three Days bring them or declare them to the Imperial Chamber upon pain of Death to the Transgressor's, commanding that the same thing should be done with the Treasurer's Goods. This Proclamation was of great use, for almost all the Goods were restored, and about thirty Greeks and Armenians, that brought not in the Goods they had bought, were staked. The Grand Signior caused all these recovered Goods of the Viziers to be restored to his Sons, having had them again from the Turks, who had bought them.  
Constantinople seemed to breath again after the Oppression of so many Tyrants, but was under Apprehensions of being tormented with new Impositions, because that the Rebels in the Sacking of the aforesaid Houses, had Seized on fifty thousand Purses of Reals, which they had divided among themselves, and these being to have supplied to the War, the Treasury was quite drained. And what likewise augmented the suspicion of new Disturbances was the answer given by the Pacha of Natolya, of whom the Divan having required Succours in the Grand Signior's name, he freely answered, that he knew no other Sultan than the deposed one, and that if they did not replace him upon his Throne, he would come with all his forces to Constantinople, and joining with the Christians make slaughter of all the Turks; During these Transactions the Christians have been much better treated by the Turks than they were ever heretofore, nay the Divan has issued out a Proclamation, that if any Turk should upon whatever Occasion molest any Christian, the Artisans should be bound under the severest penalties to rise up against the Offender. I suppose the Turks do this, hoping by the means of these good Treatments to facilitate with the Confederated Princes the attainment of the so much desired Peace; seeing that to this effect they had designed to send a Minister to those Princes to require it, though upon understanding the small Disposition they have thereunto, had made them suspend the Mission. Besides they do this to recompense by some Acknowledgement the good intention of the Christians themselves and the Desire they have shown for the public Repose, seeing that in their Quarter of Galata they had killed about eighteen Rebels, not allowing any Harbour to the Mutineers in the Places of their Habitation. These are all sufficient Causes whence to deduce the effect of the aforesaid better usage; but some look upon as the most essential one, the great Zeal and Assistance of the Most Christian King's Ambassador in those parts, who with Singular and ever Memorable Earnestness to second the good Intentions of his Sovereign, omits no manner of means untried to procure Repose, which has been so often interrupted and denied them; and Employs the utmost force of Authority to acquire for them still greater advantages in what concerns the usage of those that live free, but with incomparable Exemplification tries all forms to get out of the Chains of Slavery those Miserable Christians, that live oppressed under its weighty and insupportable Yoke, and accordingly now lately he has dispatched from those parts into Countries of the Christian Religion about six hundred or upwards of Slaves that were the followers of Christ, and thus freed out of Servitude. No small augmentation to the Afflictions of Constantinople has been occasioned by a Fire accidentally kindled in that City about the same time, having reduced to Ashes thousands of Houses, and what more especially regards the Public damage is the Custom-house which was also Subjected to the fire, Abundance of Commodities being thereby consumed, and which belonged not only to Turkish, but also to Christian Merchants.  
But what is further worthy of note is the advice brought to the Port, that the Soldiery that was sent back to their Quarters being risen under a Rebellious Leader, do now ravage and infest the Countries hostilely, seizing on all that offers itself to their hands; having lost all respect for the orders issued out by the Grand Signior, they resolve no longer to pay any Military Obedience, but freely to scour those Territories and Countries, living upon the means, Product and Incomes of those wretched Inhabitants.  
This is Exactly the present state of Affairs of the Ottoman Monarchy, whence, whoever shall minutely Examine all the Circumstances of the fore-related Events will have occasion to deduce the Necessary Consequence; that the Port this Year is manifestly reduced to an impossibility of making any Resistance against the Confederated Arms, as being utterly deprived of Soldiers versed in Martial Exercises, some being gone to their own Habitations in Asia, others in Mutinying and in an Insurrection in the Country, the Vizier made for form sake, being old and unable to undergo the fatigues of Travelling and of War. The Ministers either suspected, or unexpert. The Prince in no wise fixed in the Throne. The Factions more vigorous than ever. The Deposed Mahomet not only fomented by his Adherents in Constantinople, but also by those Abroad. His Son esteemed by many, and looked upon as the Rising Sun, born to disperse the dark Shades of so many unhappy Successes. Soliman now reigning, not only deprived of the ability to six & settle his fortune, but likewise Impotent to rule it. The Exchequer Exhausted in such manner that there seems not any possibility of restoring it to a state of contributing to such various Expenses as are required, because that the People being burdened by so many impositions they have undergone to pay the tumultuous Soldiery, and besides compelled by the Rebels to unjust and Exorbitant Contributions, there seems not the least prospect of their being able to contribute the least assistance to the present Exigencies. In short all Concurs to better the cause of God; Insomuch that if Christian Princes minding the Benefit they may reap from the present Conjunctures, did not spare any means to make notable Acquisitions, they might not only procure the Augmentation of their States, but also the Increase and Extension of the Catholic Faith.  
FINIS.