Μηνο-Εξεολοία;  
OR A Treatise of Months and Years.  
Comprehending A Survey of the Solar and Lunar Months and Years.  
A description of the Months and Years heretofore in use among the Hebrews, Babylonians, Persians, Egyptians, Grecians, Arabians, and ancient Latins.  
An accommodation of all the said Months and Years to the present Julian and Gregorian.  
Together with A new and easy Directory for the finding out of the Golden Number, Cycle of the Sun, Dominical letters, Leap-years, Easter, with the Movable Feasts, Epact, with the Changes of the Moon for both the last Computations for ever.  
All which are delineated according unto both Accounts for thirty years ensuing, and particularly exemplified in two distinct Calendars for this present year 16●7.  
To which is also adjoined,  
An Abridgement of the History of the World, from the Creation unto Christ, and a continuation of the British History from Christ to this present.  
With  
A Reduction of the Eras of Nabonasser, of the Olympiads, of Rome ab Urbe condita, and of Seleucus, unto Scriptural accounts, and an adjustment of them with one another, very necessary for the understanding of the writings of the Ancients.  
With many other Chronological and Mathematical Observations, no less useful than delightful.  
Composed by NATHANAEL ETON, Doctor of Philosophy and Medicine.  
London, Printed by J. Macock, for the Company of Stationers, 1657.   

Authors made use of in this Treatise.  

A Gerus Ferrus.  
Alphonsus.  
Angelus Politianus.  
Aratus.  
Augustinus.  
Bucholzer.  
Bunting,  
Chald. Paraphrast.  
Clemens Alexandrinus.  
Codoman.  
Diodorus Siculus.  
Diegenes Laertius.  
Eusebius.  
Eratosthenes.  
Fernelius.  
Galen.  
Gauricus.  
Halicarnassaeus.  
Hector Boetius.  
Herodotus.  
Heylin.  
Johan. Picus Mirand.  
Johan. Francisc. Nep.  
Josephus.  
Julius Scaliger.  
Justin.  
Lactantius Firmianus.  
Lalamantius.  
Libanius.  
Livius.  
Macrobius.  
Mercator.  
Nicephorus Calistus.  
Ovid.  
Plinius.  
Plutarch.  
Ptolemy.  
Raleigh.  
Solinus Antiochenus.  
Speed.  
Strabo.  
Suetonius.  
Suidas.  
Tullius.  
Varro.  
Virgilius.    

To his ever honoured Mother, and her no less venerable Sister, the two famous Universities of this Land, Cambridge and Oxford.  
This his Μηνο-εξεο-λοια, most humbly Dedicates.  P. M. D. 

Time's ancient Records whilst I here unfold,  
And those great things that have been done of old  
At whose feet else should I my Labours lay,  
But at the daughters of Mnemosyna?  
And when I tract the Circuits of the Sun,  
The Poet's Father, and how times have run  
From his first Fabric to these days, to whom  
But you (fair Sisters) should my Travels come,  
Who are their Parent too, and have a share  
As well as he in what they have or are.  
Take therefore these my Works, but take them well,  
As Mothers do the tales their children tell.    

Syllabus Libri. Ad LECTOREM.  

LUnar and Solar: th'Hebrew months and years,  
How Persians and Egyptians ordered theirs:  
How Greeks, Arabians, Latins theirs: and when  
The Julian and Gregorian Counts began:  
How th'aequinoctial periods still ensued,  
And when the Moon her waning light renewed  
Through times dark mists, what lights the Scripture yield,  
How Judah and Israel's Kings are paralleled,  
When Shemer's walls, and Zions' Towers were burned.  
When the two Tribes from Babel's bonds returned.  
What Kings the second Temple did adorn:  
When Daniel's weeks commenced, and Christ was born.  
When Troy's rich Empire Greeks did overrun:  
When the Olympiad Aera was begun:  
Carthage foundations; and when Rome's were laid:  
When Nabonasser and Seleucus swayed;    

To the Reader.  

Th'Eclipses which did in that space betid.  
When Philip and great Alexander died:  
What Kings in Egypt, what in Persia sat:  
The wars, and rising of the Roman State:  
When Julius conquered, when Augustus reigned  
How long their Legions in this Land remained:  
When Hengist with his Saxon Troops came in:  
And when their several Kingdoms did begin:  
When Danes usurped: what Kings of them did reign:  
And when the English thrust them out again:  
When Norman William entered with his men:  
What Princes of his Line have ruled since then:  
When Scots the Isle's North limits first assailed,  
When they over Dousken King of Picts prevailed:  
What Kings from Kenneth held that Throne: what fate  
The Welsh and Irish Crowns did subjugate.  
Wouldst thou know this, and more, this Book alone  
Reader, will give thee satisfaction.    


Of the Solar and Lunar Months.  
1. THough it be certain that the circuits and variations of times, may be as well computed by the motions and errors of the other Planets, as by those of the Sun and Moon; yet because the most of men neither know those limits nor are able to observe their periods (some of them extending unto two, some of them to twelve, and some to thirty years) it is therefore according to the circulation of these two Planets only, that the distinction of months and years is generally measured and accounted.  
2. The Solar month (to begin with that) is the time wherein the Sun moveth from one sign unto another, as from the first degree of Aries, to the first degree of Taurus, or the like. But of these months we find not any Nation that ever did, or yet doth retain a true account: For neither do we in Europe (who from Julius Caesar's time have been the most exact in this particular of all the world, much less do other Nations) begin our months at the very time that the Sun makes his entrance into these Signs; neither do we allot to every month that just extent wherein he continueth in a Sign, but many times exceed, and sometimes are under the proportion.  
3. Next unto the Solar are the Lunar months, by which indeed the general mensuration of times hath been always made (especially until Caesar's time) in all Nations of the world, (except the Persians and Egyptians, of whose months we shall speak hereafter) as being more obvious to vulgar apprehensions than the others are.  
4. Of these Lunar months, we find in Galen a fourfold division or partition, of which it was the first only that was taken into the ordinary or common dimension of the year, which he therefore calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the exact monthly time because how ever th'other have the name of months, yet not so properly as this, which is as it were by nature squared and fisted to that end. And this is it which our late Writers call the month of Consecution or Conjunction, comprehending the time wherein the Moon overtaketh the Sun after his departure from him, or the interim that is from one change unto another, which is 29 days and 12 hours, In consideration of which 12 hours, the ancient Grecians at the end of every other month, took in a whole day, which they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Varro dear rustica, lib. 1. cap. 37. calls it extremam & primam. Others have called it veterem & nova●am, because it was the end of the old Moon, and the beginning of the New. Solon, as Diogenes Laertius mentions in his life, was the first that caused it to be called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the 30 day, and from his time downwards to the odd months, viz to the 1. 3. 5. and the like, they always assigned 30 days and to the even ones that is to the 2. 4. 6. and others of that kind, they only assigned 29. from whence it also proceeded, that they called the one 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, full and entire months, and the other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or months that were maimed and defective, because they wanted a day of that was allotted to the other.  
5. The second Lunar month (that I may also say something to the rest, though they have little to do with our account of times) is that which Galen calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The time of the Moons proper circuit, by later Astrologers it is called the month of Peragration comprehending the time wherein the Moon passeth through the Zodiacque (not regarding whether she have overtaken, or be in conjunction with the Sun or not) which is absolved in 27. days and 8. hours (saith Galen) or if you examine the matter more exactly, in 27 days, 7. hours, and 20. minutes: So that this month cometh short of the former, well near the space of a whole Sign, that is two days, 4. hours, and about 40. minutes: Yet doth not the Moon as she passeth through the Zodiacque move at all times with an equal quickness; for when she is in apogaeo, or in the higher part of his Orb▪ she moveth slowly, by reason that that part of his epicycle is carried against, or contrary to the succession of the Signs, from the East unto the West, and then in 24. hours she moveth but through 11. degrees 37. minutes, and 10. seconds, and continueth in a Sign about 64. hours, but when she is in perigaeo, or the lowest part of her Orb she moveth swiftly, by reason that that part of her epicycle is carried along, or together with the succession of the Signs, from the West unto the East, and then in 24. hours she moveth through 15. degrees, 19 minutes, and 50. seconds, and continueth little more than 47. hours in a Sign. In her mean motion, that is when she participates of neither of these extremes, she moveth in 24. hours through 13. degr. 10 min. and 36. sec., and continueth in a Sign almost 55. hours, and by this motion (not heeding either of the extremes which balance one another) we may calculate her progress, and determine very near, what Sign she is in every day of the year for ever, allowing her at the time of her change to be not above 15 degr. at the most, nor less than 6 degr. at the least distant from the Sun, whether she precede or follow him: For this is to be noted, that the Moon is not always in the same Sign with the Sun when she is in conjunction with him, but sometimes in the Sign before him, and sometimes in the Sign behind him, but still within the distances before mentioned: And here (because we are treating of this subject) it will not be amiss to subjoin what Plin. l. 1. c. 17. and with him Macrobius l. 1. Somnii have observed upon it. viz. that sometime during the whole time that the Sun is in Sagittarius, the Moon hath no conjunction at all with him; and sometimes again before he go out of Gemini, she changeth twice, or hath two conjunctions with him; which things are peculiar unto these Signs, and happen not when the Sun is in any of the other. Unto this proper circuit of the Moon it is, that Galen refers those particular and proper changes which happen unto every singular and individual person, as preferments, honours, and the like, together with those diseases which proceed from the particular, either natural, or self-acquired indisposition of every man's body; and upon the successive weeks of this month, every one of which consisteth of 9 days 19 hours, and about 50 minutes, would he have a critical or decretory judgement to be made upon them, unto life or death, either good or evil.  
6. The third Lunar month is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the month of Illumination, or Apparition; comprehending the time wherein the Moon demiseth his beams upon the earth, and is conspicuous unto men; and that saith Galen (de dieb. decret. l. 3. c. 9) is 26 days and 12 hours; so that this month is 3 days shorter than the month of Consecution: Which though it be not always true, for sometimes the Moon recovereth the light within 1 or 3 days, and sometimes again not until 4 days after her conjunction be compseated: yet 3 days is the middle betwixt both the extremes, and falleth out more frequently to be the time of the Moons recovering his light, then either of the other. Now the causes say Astrologers why the Moon recovereth her light sometimes earlier, and sometimes later, after her conjunction with the Sun are these three 1. The swiftness of her motion, when she is in the lower part of her epicycle. 2. Her septentrional latitude, when her conjunction is in the head of the Dragon, as it is from the beginning of Capricorn, to the beginning of Cancer. 3. Her conjunction in Signs, by reason of her greater elevation from the Horizon directly occidental; that is, when the degrees of the Circle of the Moon's elevation above the Horizon be more than the degrees of the Zodiaque which she hath passed. Now as often (say they) as all these causes do concur, which can only be (as Pliny and Macrobius in the  places do affirm) when the Sun is in Aries, and at no time else; then the same day may we see both the old Moon and the new; but this happens exceeding rarely. When two of these causes meet together, than she is seen the second day after her conjunction: when but one of these causes only is existent, than she appeareth the third day after her coition; but when there is none of these causes at all in being, than it is the fourth day after her conjunction, before she become perspicuous. This third Lunar month is called by Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the common circuit of the Moon; because indeed as it hath nothing proper of its own, but is compacted, and results out of the common stock of both the other; so also it hath a common and universal efficacy upon all men, and in that respect is elsewhere termed by him, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the circuit wherein she putteth out her efficacy upon us: for as Galen conceiveth, those days wherein the Moon is deprived of her light, she is also deprived of this common efficacy; but as she recovereth her light, so she recovereth her virtue, which together with her light she imprints upon the Elements, the Air, the Water, and the Earth, whereof because all men do partake, therefore this efficacy takes hold of all men, and doth as he saith, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, equally conduce unto us all: So that if there be a Pestilence, a Famine, Inundations, Storms, Hail, or any disease which runneth almost over all a Country, proceeding from the extraordinary immutation or putrefaction of the Air, or other elements, it is from this efficacy of the Moon that they arise, and by the critical weeks of this month (which consist of 6. days, and 15 hours) that the events and issues of them must be judged.  
7. Out of a mixture of these 2 last months, joining first the sum of both their circuits into one, and then retaining the half of the result, Galen raiseth a fourth month, which he calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the middle circuit consisting of 26 days, and 22 hours, and this he conceiveth to be more valid in the judgement of diseases then either of the other out of which it is compacted, because the Moon in this hath a double influence; both that which she deriveth from the Signs, and that which she receiveth and draweth from the Sun. By later Writers this month is called mensis medicinalis, the medicinal month, and mensis Galeni, Galen's month, because it is a month of his invention: Johannes Picus Mirandula, and Johannes Franciscus his Nephew, Agerus Ferrus, Fernelius, and many others cavil at it, and call it a fictitious imaginary month, a month that hath none of Nature's stamp and impress on it: But whether they blame him justly for it, I leave it to others to determine.   

Of the Solar and Lunar years.  
1. THe Solar year is that space of time wherein the Sun by his own proper motion runneth through all his Sphere (for that other motion whereby he is every day carried about the Earth from one point of the heavens to the same point again, is effected by the rapture or turning round of the Primum mobile, and is not his own) and this proper circuit of his (saith Alphonsus, to whom all the late Astrologers do agree) is absolved in 365 days, 5 hours, 49 min. and 15 seconds. Ptolemy in the beginning, l. 3. Almagest, makes it to be 365 days, 5 hours, 55 min. and 12 sec. Julius Caesar (as Suetonius delivers l. 2. c. 2.) accounts it to be full 6 hours more than 365 days; although Ovid in his 3. book de Fastis, speaking of the same Caesar, saith, that he added to the 365 days, 5 hours only: he calls them e pleno tempora quinta die. The Astrologers which were before Hipparchus extend the circuit of the year yet more than this account of Caesar's; some besides the 6 hours add 7 min. and 9 sec Thebit adds 9 min. and 12 sec. and Galen l. 3. progn. cap. 4. sticks not to affirm, that it contains 365 days, 6 hours, and about the hundreth part of a day besides, which amounts to 14 min. and 26 sec.; so that according to this computation, Galens account of the year exceedeth that of Alphonsus, 25 m. 11 sec.  
The bits account exceedeth 19 57 The other Astrologers exceed 17 54 Caesar's account exceedeth 10 45 Ptolomy's account exceedeth 5 57  
But we rather in this case choose to desert the authority of the Ancients, how famous soever in their times they were, then to disavow the experience of all, both the present and modern Astrologers in the world.  
2. The Lunar year (not to speak of those curtal computations which Macrobius mentions l. 1. Saturn. c. 8. viz. that of the Arcadians, who terminated their year at three month's end, or that of the Acarnanians, who allowed but six months unto theirs, is generally received to be that space of time wherein the Moon after her conjunction with the Sun in any of the Signs, compleateth 12 months of consecution, and at the end thereof meeteth with the Sun again in the same Sign, or near unto it, in which at the beginning of the said months she closed with him, which annual circuit of hers she absolveth in the space of 354 days, that is 11 days sooner than the Sun absolveth his.  
3. Now though the true reason of the discrepancy of the annual circuits of the Sun and Moon be the difference of their Monthly motions, the moon in every month of her consecution coming short of the Sun 22 hours, and about 30 min. which in 12 months' time amounts to the 11 days before specified, and some odd hours, which the Grecians also (as I shall show hereafter) made an allowance for; yet it is an ingenious observation, and worth our noting, which Severianus a Greek Author makes upon that question, as you may find it Centur. 1. c 94. of Angelus Politianus his Miscellanies. It is not to be doubted (saith he) but God having made the Sun to rule the day, and the Moon to rule the night, did also place them in the first moment of their Creation, in such stations of the heavens as were most convenient for the functions unto which they were designed, that is, the Sun in the East, and the Moon in the West, diametrically opposite unto one another. Neither indeed was it fitting (as he conceiveth) that the Moon at her entrance into the world should be imperfect in her light, as she is in both her quarters, and a little before and after her conjunction, but rather shining with a full and ample Orb; for those changes and various faces of hers, those waxings and wanings which we since have seen, were to be the distinctions of ensuing times, and were no ways congruous to her first position She was therefore at her Creation at the Full in all her lustre, and when the Sun had dispatched his first diurnal race, and was now setting in the West, she had also in the interim run through her: Hemisphere, and was come about unto the East. But saith he, the Moon could not be opposite to the Sun, and at his full unless you allow her to be 15 days old, that is 11 days elder than the world, for it was upon the fourth day of the world that the Sun and the Moon were made: So that to bring the Moon into that position in which in all probability she was set at her Creation, we must borrow for her 11 days more than she could any other ways pretend unto; for the utmost that in reason could be granted to her without this borrowing, was to bear the figure of the fourth day, which was the day of her Creation; but upon the fourth day she could not have filled up the light of all her Orb, nor be in the Eastern limits of the heavens, when the Sun was in the West: to remove therefore these impediments, and fit her the better to discharge her office, she took up as we may say 11 days upon loan or interest, appearing to the world as 15 days old, when indeed she had not right to any more than 4. which 11 days as she had borrowed at the first, and by this means gotten the start of the Sun for such a time; so it was meet she should pay them back again, and come so much short of the Sun at the end of his annual course, as she was before him at the beginning of it: which hath been, and still is every year 11 days from the Creation to this present.   

Of the Hebrew Months and Years.  
1. THe Names and Order of the Hebrew months as they are gathered partly out of the Scriptures, and where they are silent, from Josephus, are  

1. Nisan. Xanthicus. 2 Macch. 11. Esth. 3. 7.  
2. Zif. 1 King. 6. 1.  
3. Sivan. Esth. 8. 9  
4. Rothem.  
5. Ab.  
6. Elul.  
7. Thisri. ●thanim 1 King. 8. 2.  
8. B●l. 1 King. 6. 38.  
9 Gisl●u. Zechar. 7. 1.  
10. Tebeth Esth. 2. 16.  
11. Sebat. Zech. 1. 7.  
12. Adar. Esth. 3. 7.   
2. From the Creation to Moses the month Thisri, or Ethanim was the first month of their year, but at their coming out of Egypt, the beginning of their year was altered, at leastwise as to Religious businesses, and the month Nisan in which their deliverance was effected, appointed to be the first month, thereof. Chald. Paraphr. in cap. 8. lib. 3. Reg. Josephus Antiqu. Jud. l. 1. c. 3.  
3. That these months of the Hebrews were not Solar, but Lunar months, that is, months of consecution, every 2 whereof consist of 59 days, appeareth Numb. 28 11. where the Feasts of the New Moons are called the beginning of the Months: But if they had used Solar months, the new Moons would not have happened always at the beginning of their months, but sometimes in the middle, sometimes at the latter end thereof, as they do with us, who use the Solar months in other places.  
4. It appeareth also by the observation of their Passeover, which according to the prescript of the Law, was to be the 14 day of the first month at Even, Leu. 23. 5. but it is acknowledged on all hands, that then the Moon was always at the Full; which could not be, if the New Moon had not been the beginning of the Month: And hence it is, that that eclipse of the Sun at the Passion of our Lord, being then the Jewish Passeover, was looked upon by the Heathen themselves as so portentous, that upon sight thereof one of the wisest of them cried out, Aut Deus Naturae patitur, aut mundi machina dissolvetur: for the Moon being then at the Full in opposition to the Sun, no natural reason could be found for such an Eclipse, which had she been in conjunction with him, had been but ordinary and familiar.  
5. From the observation of the Passeover we may also gather the beginning of the Hebrew year, for that, as hath been proved, was the 14 day of the first month; but this 14 day of the first month (saith Nicephorus Cal●stus, Historiae Ecclesiasticae lib. 12. cap. 32. was always so ordered by the Jews, that it was the first Full Moon after the Vernal aequinoctial, the Sun being entered into Aries, or at leastwise it was upon the aequinoctial day itself, if the full moon happened to fall upon it; and hence it is that the Synod of Nice, that they might come as near unto the Jews as might be, decreed that all Christians should keep their Easter the first Sunday after the Full moon next ensuing after the vernal aequinoctial.  
6. Yet before this can be clear▪ it will be needful also to speak something of the aequinoctials, which have varied much since Moses his time, and will yet vary according to our Julian account from time to time, while the world continues, and that for the reason hereafter specified.  
7. We have said before that according to our Julian computation there are annually 10 min. and 45 sec. superaccounted (more than should be) to the year) which 10 min. and 45 sec. in the space of 134 years, amounts unto a whole day.  
8. This superaddition from the Creation to this time being 5688 years (if we measure all times passed by that Julian account which we now observe) hath caused the aequinoctials and solstices to anticipate already 42 days, and to advance themselves 60 years unto another, which 74 years hence will be complete.  
9 By this Account then the vernal aequinoctial at the Creation was April the 21. but at the Israelites coming out of Egypt being after the Creation 2514 years, it had advanced 18 days, and 102 years towards another, being then the third of April; at the Nativity of Christ being from the former deliverance 1517 years, and from the Creation 4031 years, it had advanced 11 days more, and 43 years towards the 12. which put together, makes 30 days, and 11 years advance unto another, being at that time the 22 day of March, from Christ to this present being 1657, y. it hath further advanced 12 days, and 49 years toward another, in all as aforesaid 42 days, and 60 years towards the 43. being now the 10 day of March, and so to continue 74 years more, that is, till the year 1731, at which time it will be the 9 of March.  
10. To make this more perspicuous, take a Table of the aequinoctials according to our Julian account from the Creation to this present.  
Anno Mundi Aequin. Ante Christum 1 April 21 4031 Ant 134  20 3897 1 268  19 3763 2 402  18 3629 3 536  17 3495 4 670  16 3361 5 804  15 3227 6 938 April 14 3093 7 1072  13 2959 8 1●06  12 2825 9 1340  11 2691 10 1474  10 2557 11 1608  9 2423 12 1742  8 2289 13 1876  7 2155 14 2010  6 2●81 15 2144  5 1887 16 2278  4 1753 17 2412  3 1619 18 2546  2 1485 19 2680  1 1351 20 28●4 March 31 1217 21 2948  30 1083 22 3082  29 949 23 3216  28 815 24 3350  27 681 25 3484  26 547 26 3618  25 413 27 3752  24 279 28 3886  23 145 29 4020  22 11 30 4154  21 123 31 4288  20 257 32 4422  19 391 33 4556  18 525 34 4690  17 659 35 4824 March 16 793 36 4958  15 927 37 5092  14 1061 38 5226  13 1195 39 5360  12 1329 40 5494  11 1463 41 5628  10 1597 42 5688  10 1657   
11. To know therefore when the Jews began their year, any year of the world from Moses to this present, you must first seek out the day of the aequinoctial in the preceding Table, which done, by the Rules hereafter specified, find out the full Moon next adjoining to the aequinoctial; and then consider whether it fell before the aequinoctial, or after it, or just upon it; if it fell on or after the aequinoctial, than the Jews began their year with the new Moon that went next before the aequinoctial; but if the full Moon happened before the aequinoctial, than the Jews began not their year till the next new Moon after the aequinoctial.  
12. For example, if you would know when the Jews began their year at the building of Solomon's Temple, which was in the year of the world 2994. Look first into the preceding Table, and there you shall find the aequinoctial to be the 30 day of March, which done, inquire for the full moon next adjoining to the 30 day of March, and that you shall find (the golden Number for the said year being 9 and the Epact for the Julian account being also 9, which two are the stars that must guide you in the finding of the changes of the Moon to be upon the 4. day of April, that is 5 days after the aequinoctial, by which you may conclude, that the Hebrews began their year upon the 20 day of March, being the new Moon went before the aequinoctial. The like course you may take for any other year, and at your pleasure, by the help of the following Calendar, reduce the Julian account to the Gregorian.  
13. Only this you must observe, that the Jews following of this course before mentioned in the beginning of their year: and having a regard that their Passeover according to the Law might be celebrated either on or after the vernal aequinoctial, were often forced to make an intercalation of a whole month, betwixt the end of one year, and the beginning of another; and this they did not by any certain rule, but sometimes every second, and sometimes every third year, as they found themselves necessitated by the falling of their Passeover; but when they made no intercalation, than the ensuing year began where the former ended, and anticipated yearly 11 days, according to the manner of the ordinary Lunar years.  
14. This will be evident, if you observe the following Ephemeris for the Hebrew year (beginning at the year of the world , and continuing for 11 years, that is) from the year 2994, to the year 3004. in which you may see how the following years sometimes anticipated one another 11 days, and how sometimes again a whole month was interserted betwixt the conclusion of one year, and the beginning of another; and all that the Passeover as hath been said, might be kept either on or after the vernal aequinoctial; by which precedent you may make any other Ephemeris for what number of years you do desire, from the Israelites coming out of Egypt to this present.  
A. M. Aeq. G. N. Ep. Nisan. Pascha. 2998 M30 9 9 Mr. 20 Apr. 4 2995 30 10 20 Ap. 7 22 2996 30 11 1 Mr. 28 12 2997 30 12 12 17 1 2998 30 1 23 Ap. 4 19 2●99 30 14 4 Mr. 25 9 3000 30 15 15 Ap. 12 27 3001 30 16 26 1 16 3002 30 17 7 Mr. 22 6 3003 30 18 1● Ap. 9 24 3004 30 19 29 M●. 30 14  
15. As for the Hebrew years before Moses, it is believed that they took their beginning with the full Moon next adjoining to the Autumnal aequinoctial, whether it did precede or follow it, the month Thisri or Ethanim being the first month of the year, and the other months succeeding in their order, till you come to Nisan, and end in Elul.  
16. Now to find the Autumnal aequinoctial, you have no more to do, but to seek out the vernal aequinoctial in the former table, and having found it, to add thereunto 186 days, which is the time the Sun spends betwixt the one aequinoctial and the other; and that will bring you to the Autumnal: So that if at the Creation the vernal aequinoctial were upon the 21 day of April, the Autumnal must be upon the 24 of October.  
17. The intercalations must be as they were in the Mosaical years, viz of a whole month every second or third year, according as you are necessitated to begin you year with the full Moon either preceding or following the aequinoctial: Take a view thereof in the first te● first year after the Creation, allowing according to Julius Scaligers computation (of which more hereafter) the golden number for the first year to be 17, and the Epact to be 7. and s● every year after in proportion, and then you will have the anticipations and intercalations o● the said years, as followeth.  
A. M. Equinoct. G. N. Ep. Thrisi. A. M. 1 Octob. 24 17 7 Octob. 29 1 2 24 18 18 18 2 3 24 19 29 Nou. 6 3 4 24 1 11 Octob▪ 25 4 5 24 2 22 16 5 6 24 3 3 Nou. 2 6 7 24 4 14 Octob. 22 7 8 24 5 25 13 8 9 24 6 6 30 9 10 24 7 17 Octob. 19 10   

Of the Egyptian Months and Years.  
1. NExt unto the Hebrews, we may justly place the Egyptians, amongst whom saith Macrobius lib. 1. Saturn. cap. 8. there hath always been a certain measure and equability of the Year.  
2. The names of their months are.  

1. Thoth.  
2. Phaothy.  
3. Athyr.  
4. Choiac.  
5. Tybi.  
6. Mecheir.  
7. Phalmenoth.  
8. Pharmouti.  
9 Pacon.  
10. Paini.  
11. ●p●phi.  
12. Mesori.   
3. To every one of these months they assigned thirty days, so that they were neither absolutely Lunar nor Solar months, but of a mixed nature, betwixt both; And to the end of Mesori, or their last month, they superadded five days more, making their whole year 365 days.  
4. The odd hours or quadrant of a day wherein the year exceedeth 365 days, they made no reckoning of, until the time of Dioclesian the Emperor, and then they were compelled to take in a Bissextile, and to conform their Calendar to the Romans.  
5. From the deficiency of this Bissextile every fourth year, their first month Thoth did anticipate a day; so that their year which in Pliny's time began the 18 of July, in the time of Lactantius Firmianus (de fals. Relig. lib. 1. cap. 6.) took its beginning in September.  
6. Lalamantius (in his commentary upon Galen de diebus decretoriis) contends that Anno 1540 41, 42, and 43. their month Thoth begun the third day of August, according to which computation the last year 1656, this present year 1657, and the two following years, viz. 58 and 59; must begin the 5. day of July.  
7. And thus if we should allow this Egyptian account to have continued from the Creation to this present, their month Thoth in this interval of time would have shifted well near four times through the Calendar, falling out sometimes in the Spring, sometimes in the Summer, sometimes in Autumn, and sometimes in Winter; varying in every 120 years, a month, or thereabouts.   

Of the Babylonian and Persian months and years.  
1. THe Babylonians and Persians in all things agreed with the Egyptians, both in the quantity of their year, the beginning of it, and the partition of their months. Diador. Sicul. lib. 2. cap. 1. Strab. lib. Geograph. 17.  
2. The names of the Persian months are,  

1. Formidech.  
2. Ardaimech.  
3. Cardaimech.  
4. Zirmech.  
5. Mardan.  
6. Sarenbemech.  
7. Machiramech  
8. Ebemnich.  
9 Ydramech.  
10. Dim●ch.  
11. Bechmem●ch.  
12. Azsirda●ith.    

Of the Grecian or Attic Months and Years.  
1. THe Attic months (like the Hebrews) were months of consecution, every two whereof contained 59 days, that is the odd months 30 days, and the even but 29.  
2. The names of their months were  

1. Ἑκατομβαίων  
2. Μεταγειτνίων  
3. Βοηδρομίων  
4. Μαιμακτηριων  
5. Πυανεψίων  
6. Ἀνθεστηρίων  
7. Ποσειδέων  
8. Γαμηλίων  
9 Ἐλαφηβολίων  
10. Μουνηχίων  
11. Θαργηλίων  
12. Σκιρῥοφορίων   
3. These months they divided into 3 decades, the first whereof was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, of the month beginning: the second decade was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, of the middle of the month: and the last was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, of the month expiring: The two former of these Decades they numbered in a regular forward order calling the first day of the month 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the first day of the month beginning: the second 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉- 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the second day of the month beginning, and so unto the tenth. In like manner they called the 11 day 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the first after the tenth of the middle of the month: the 12 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the second of the tenth of the middle of the month, and so unto the 20, which was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: But in the last Decad they used a retrograde or backward order, calling the 21 of the odd month's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the tenth day before the ending of the month: the 22 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the ninth day before the ending; and so unto the last, which (saith Suidas) was promiscuously called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, because it was the end of one month, and the beginning of another, standing as it were in the middle betwixt them both, and borrowing half a day from either. But in the even months the 21 day was not called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the ninth of the month expiring: for unto these months there was not tenth at all assigned, but was as it were cut off, and lopped from them; and this was the reason why they were called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, that is, months that had but nine days in this last part or section, whereas the other (called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) had 10 allotted to them. Neither was the 29 day of these months called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (for they had already as hath been said, passed over their odd 12 hours unto the former months, and had no common tie with those that followed) but simply 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the last day of the month, or first before the end thereof.  
4. And as the months of the Atticks were Lunar months, so were their years also Lunar years, consisting only of 354 days, that is being 11 days and some odd hours shorter than the Solar; to make up which deficiency at the first (as Plutarch mentions in the life of Numa) they took in every second year a month of 22 days, and afterwards (as Herodotus and Libanius, in his argument upon Demosthenes his Oration against Andro●ion, do affirm) they made an intercalation every third year of 33 days, but finding still that they came not up unto the Solar year, because the odd quadrant of a day was every year omitted; the year before the first Olympiad, they moulded up their years into an octennial chain or circuit, at the end whereof they inserted three months (which they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, containing 30. days apiece, or 90 days in all, that is 88 days for the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or several elevens, and 2 days for the Bissextiles, or quadrants of a day, which in that interim of time they had lost from the Solar reckoning. Mac. l. 1. Saturn cap. 15.  
5. The beginning of this octennial circuit or chain of years, they always made at the first new Moon after the Summer Solstice, beginning their day at Noon (which was also common to the Babylonians, Persians, and Egyptians) as the Romans did theirs at midnight, and the Hebrews theirs according to the Law at Even. But after the first year, all the other years of the octennium anticipated one another 11 days, until the end of the 8▪ or Embolim year, when the intercalar months came in, and then they returned to the same point where they began before.  
6. Hence we collect (numbering the year from the first Olympiad to this present, according to the Chronology hereafter following) that from the first institution of this octennial chain, to this instant year 1657. there have intervened 304 embolims or intercalar years, and that this present year is the first of a new circuit or revolution, and consequently that their month Hecatombaeon beginneth this year June 30 being the first New Moon after the Summer solstice.   

Of the Arabian months and Years.  
1. THe Arabians in the ordination of their year, followed partly the Attic, and partly the Egyptian customs.  
2. With the Egyptians they agreed in this, that they made no allowance for the quadrant, or excurrent particulars of a day (as Strabo calls them) wherein the year exceeds 365 days: and hence it is that the beginning of their year is fleeting and uncertain, and every fourth year (as the Egyptians did) anticipates a day, being sometimes in Winter, sometimes in Summer, sometimes in the Spring, and sometimes in Autumn, running from one solstice, and one aequinoctial to another.  
3. With the Atticks they agreed in this, that their year consisted of 12 Lunations or months of consecution, every one of which began with the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or conjunction of the Luminaries, and that at every three years' end (though the Athenians upon better grounds reform that practice) they made an intercalation of 33 days, for the so many elevens wherein annually the Lunar year is exceeded by the Solar.  
4. The Names of the Arabian months are  

1. Almuharaz.  
2. Saphar.  
3. Rabe. 1  
4. Rabe 2  
5. Gemedy 1  
6. Gemedy 2  
7 Rage.  
8. Sahaben.  
9 Ramaden  
10 S●nel  
11 Dulc●ida  
12 Dulcheya.   
5. If you would make an Ephemeris for this account, set but the first day of Almularaz in the same place with the Egyptian Thoth▪ and at the end of every three years, you shall find both the Calendars exactly agreeing with one an other.   

Of the Latin Months and Years,  
1. BEfore Romulus, what months and years were received amongst the Latins, is something doubtful; yet Ovid in l. 3. de Fastis, makes it more than probable that they were Lunar months they used.  
2. By Romulus the year was altered, and 10 months only taken into the account thereof, unto 4 of which he assigned 31 days, and to the rest but 30, making it in the whole to consist of 304 days. Macrob. lib. 1. Saturn. cap. 13. & 14.  
3. The names and order of his months you have in these four verses of Ovid.  

Martis erat primus Mensis, Venerisque secundus.  
Haec generis Princeps, conditur ille fuit.  
Tertius a senibus. Juvenum de nomine quartus.  
Caetera de numero turba notato suo est.   
Which are the same which we yet retain, save only that in honour of the Caesars, July and August were afterwards inserted, instead of Quintilis and Sextilis.  
4. Numa Pompilius added January and February, and brought his year to the course of the Moon, which yet because he found that it came short of the Solstitial year, by interposing intercalar months, be so ordered it, that every 24 year he made it equal with the Solar, Liv. lib. 1 primae decadis. ab urb conduit.  
5. Macrobius in the before mentioned place lib. 1. Saturn. cap. 15. affirms, that Numa Pompilius in his intercalations conformed himself unto the manner of the Grecians, which if he did, it seemeth strange why it was every 24th year only, (as Livy saith) that his year agreed with the Solar, whereas the Grecian years agreed with the Solar every 8th year, immediately upon the interposition of their Embolim or intercalar months. Lalamanti●s in answer hereunto affirms, that Numa Pompilius being led by a Pythagorical superstition, rather than any Astrological reason, in honour of the odd numbers, added every year a day unto January, by means whereof, notwithstanding his intercalation of 90 days, at the end of his first and second octennium (after the Grecian manner) he found still that his years exceeded the Grecian years so many days as there were years elapsed, to salve which incongruity, at the end of his third octennium or 24th year, he took away 24 days out of the 3 embolim or intercalar months, which were then to follow in lieu of so many days wherein in that interim his January had made his years exceed the Grecian years, and inserted only 66 days, that is 22 in every intercalar month; and by this means, at the end of the said 24 years, a perfect agreement was made up betwixt his years and the Grecian, and betwixt both of them (as Livy will have it) with the Solar.   

Of the Julian and Gregorian Years.  
1. JVlius Caesar finding the intercalations of Numa Pompilius to be full of trouble, and accompanied withal with much confusion (the aestival months within the circuit of 8 years becoming vernal, and the vernal hiemal) reduced the year unto the Solar course, dividing the months as we now have them, and assigning to the year 365 days, and 6 hours, and accordingly for the odd six hours, he appointed every 4th year a day more to be inserted into February; which day, hecause it was immediately placed after the 6th of their Calends, which is our 24th day, and they (that they might not vary their usual forms) for 2 days together wrote sexto calendarum Martii, The Leap year therefore, or the year wherein that Writing was so repeated, was called Annus Bissextilis.  
2. But Augustus Caesar who succeeded Julius (as Macrobius witnesseth, lib. 1. Saturn cap. 17.) finding the intercalations of Julius to be greater than they ought (as indeed they were) commanded that the Bissextile should be taken in every 5th year only, and not every 4th, as Julius had appointed; but succeeding times perceiving the account of Julius (though not so exact as might be wished) yet to be nearer unto Truth then that of Augustus was, laid aside his computation, as the more erroneous, and kept themselves firmly to the former.  
3. And in this manner things continued, especially in Europe, and those other parts of the world that professed Christ for 1600 years together, though with some confusion in the computations of the Church, for by reason of those few minutes wherein the Julian account exceedeth the true circuit of the Sun, the Festivals of the Church had anticipated already about 12 days, and were still certain to anticipate more and more, from time to time, if no remedy were provided to the contrary.  
4. For proof of this, there is a place alleged out of St Augustine, wherein he affirms, that Christmas day, or the 25 of December, at such time as Christ was born, was the shortest day of the year, and John the Baptists day, or the 24 of June, was at that time the longest day in the year (as they were both indeed within the two Solstitia's, no manifest increase or diminution of the days being as yet to be discerned in either of the seasons) and this was not without a mystery, saith the Father, for Christ was to increase, but John was to decrease, John 3. 20. which was intimated (saith he) in the very times of their Nativity, the one being born when the days were at the shortest, but began to receive an augmentation; the other when the days were at the longest, but began to suffer a diminution. But with us that adhere unto the Julian account, neither of these Festivals answer unto this Position, the Sun being entered into Capricorn 14 days before our Christmas day, and the like time into Cancer, before the Feast of John the Baptist  
5. At last about 90 years ago, the Council of Trent took into their consideration this difference of time, which was happened in the keeping of our Christian Festivals, by reason of the few minutes before mentioned, and that they might come a little nearer to the primitive observation of these Feasts, they brought the year ten days backward, causing that to be called the 25 day of the month, which before was but the 15th, which was not so much indeed as they ought to have done (for the Solstices had anticipated 12 days already, as hath been said, from the time of Julius) but it sufficed them as they thought, to bring things into that condition which they were in at the Council of Nice, which was much about the State whereunto they now reduced them, for they had the Acts and Decrees of that Council in so much veneration, that they believed they could not without great impiety make any addition or alteration in them. And from Gregory the 13. who then sat in the Papal chair when the year was thus brought back, this computation hath since been called the Gregorian computation, and it is received at this day in all Countries that profess a subjection to the See of Rome, but we in England, who a little before had cast off our obedience to that See, made no alteration in our Calendar, but still followed the Julian account, though so erroneous as was said before, that if the world should last so long, our Christmas day that should be in the Solstice, would in time fall into the aequinoctial; nay Christ and John would shift their Tropics, and when the Sun comes into Cancer, we should keep the Feast of Christ's Nativity; and when he enters into Capricorn, we should keep the Nativity of the Baptist.  
6. This Gregorian account (which is ten days before our English, their 11th day being the first of ours, and our last day of every month the 10th of theirs) will continue in the same state that now it is, without any alteration, till the year 1700. at which time being Leap year, letting fall only the intercalar day, which should have been inserted into February, in recompense of the 10 min. and 45 see. which for 134 years. together, since the reduction of their year have been advanced, their year will afterwards run on again as it did before, till the year 1834, and then, or at least the next Leap year after that, they must again cast away another day out of the considerations aforesaid, and the like 134 years for ever.  
7. The names of the days of the Roman months as they were in Julius his time, and notwithstanding the Gregorian alteration, are still familiarly used in all Latin writings, both in the one computation and the other: take in these verses following.  

Th'old Ethnic Roman month itself divides  
Into three portions, Calends, Nones, and Ideses.  
Calends the first, in March, October, May,  
And July. Nones they call the seventh day.  
In all months else the fift: these past, before  
Their Ideses ensue, eight days they number more.  
In all the rest such dates th●y do express  
As they precede these periods more or less.   

Sex Nonas Octobris habet, Mars, Maius, julus,  
Quatuor at reliqui. Sunt Idus cuilibet octo.   

Chronologies.  THe aera or age of the world from the Creation to this present year, is 5688 Which is gathered thus,  1. From the Creation to the Flood are years, Gen. 5. & 7. 11. 1656 2. From thence to the promise, Gen. 11. 32. & 12. 4. Acts 7. 4. 0428 3. From thence to Israel's delivery, Ex. 12. 40, 41 04●0 4. From thence to Solomon's temple, 1 King. 6. 1. 0480 5. From thence to Salmanasser or Nabonasser, in whose eighth year Samaria was taken, as appears by the adjustment of the Reigns of the Kings of Judah and Israel. 0291 6. From Salmanaster or Nabonasser unto Chrict, 0746 7. From Christ to this present year. 1657  5688  
Tem. The adjustment of the reigns of the Kings of Judah and Kings of Israel. 1 Solomon 40. 4    37  40    38 Rehoboam 17. 1 1  Jeroboam 22. 54  17 17   55 Abiam 3. 1 18   57  3 20   58 Asa 41. 1 21   59  2 22  Nadab ●. 60  3 2  B●asha 24. 61  4 2   83  26 24  Ela 2. 84  27 2  Z. T. Omri 12. 85  28 2   95  38 12  Ahab 22. 96  39 2   98  41 4   99 Jehoshaphat 25. 1 5   115  17 21  Ahazia 2. 116  18 22  Jehoram 12 117  19 2   120  22 5   123 Jehoram solus 4. 25 8   124  2 9   126  4 11   127 Ahazia 1. 1 12   128 Athalia 7. 1 1  Jehu 28. 134 Joash 40. 7 7   135  2 8   144 Carthage built. 11 17   155  22 28   156  23 1  Jehoahaz 17. 172  39 17  Joas 16. 173 Amaziah 29 40 2   174  2 3   187  15 16  Jeroboam 41. 188  16 2   201  29 15    Inter regn. 11.    2 Kin. 14. 1. etc. 213 Uzzias 52. 1 27   227  15 41    2 King. 15 1. & 8.    Inter regn. 23. 250  38   Zach. 6. months 251  39 1  Shall. Menah. 10 260  42 10    2 King. 15. 17. & 23.    Inter regn. 1. 262  50 1  Pekahia 2. 263 Olympiads. 51 2   264  52 1  Peka 20. 265 Jotham 16. 1 2   280 Ahaz 6. 16 17   281  2 18   288 (& 17. 1: 4 20    2 King. 16. 1.    Inter regn 7. 287 Rome built. 8    291  12 1  Ho●hea 9   Nabonass●r 13 2 1 Salmanasser  Hezekia 29. 14 3 ●    16 5 4    4 7 6 Samaria besieg.   6 9 8 Samaria taken.   25  1 Merodach Bal.   29  5   Manasses 55. 1  6    15  20    27  32    40  5 Nabulasser.  Amon 2.      Jofia 31.      Jehoahaz 0●.      Jehoiakim 11. 4  1 Nabopolasser  Jeconias 00.   8   Zedekias 11. 1  9    9  17 Jerusalem besi.   11  19 Jerusal. taken.   

Things necessary to be observed for the clearing of the former Adjustment.  
1. THe last year of the former Kings, are oftentimes the first of the succeeding, and many times again the years of the precedent Kings are complete, before those of their Successors do begin; in which difference of account, we either follow the express words of the Text, or necessary consequence deducted from it.  
2. Whereas the Scriptures place the first year of Asa in the 20th year of Jeroboam, and we have set it in his 21. yet we depart not from the truth herein, nor offer any blemish to the Text; for nothing is so certain as that it was concurrent with them both; but we are forced to parallel it with the latter, because otherwise we could not make the Reign of Nadab so perspicuous,  
3. The like course we are compelled to take with the first year of Jehosaphat, placing it in the 5th year of Ahab, whereas the Scripture adjoins it to his fourth, because otherwise it would have appeared to the Reader, that Jehoram King of Israel (betwixt whom and Ahab there interceded Ahazia) had begun his reign before the death of Ahab, which is not likely.  
4. But as concerning the time which the Text assigns to Ahazia King of Israel, we cannot make things clear any other way, but only by affirming that he spent his two years for the most part jointly, with his Father; and though the sum of affairs had been perhaps for some time committed to his hands, yet he reigned not many weeks, or at least not many months after him alone: for the latter part of Jehosaphats 18th year being concurrent with Ahabs 22th (which it is clear enough it was, his first year being concurrent with Ahabs 4th and 5th) and Jehoram succeeding before Jehosaphats 18 was expired, it is sufficiently apparent that Ahazia could not reign many months after Ahab was deceased.  
5. It is to be noted of Jehoram King of Judah, that he was made King twice in the life time of his Father, first in the 17th year of his Father's reign, for Jehoram the son of Ahab is said to have succeeded his brother Ahazia in the second year of Jehoram the son of Jehosaphat, 2 King. 1. 17. but his entering into his kingdom was in the 18th year of Jehosaphat, 2 King. 3. 1. 2. He seems after this to have been a private man again for divers years, and at length to have been admitted a new into the Kingdom about the 22 of his Father, and then to have begun those 8 years which the Scripture assigns unto his reign, four whereof he reigned only by himself, and the other jointly with his Father, 2 Kings 8. 16.   

The account from Nabonasser to Christ Proved.  
1. FRom Nabonasser to Alexander's death, are years 424 From Alexander's death to Augustus Ptol. alm. 3. cap 8. 294  718  
2. The distances above mentioned are made appear by Mathematical calculations and Eclipses, than which no account in the world can be more certain, viz.  
 Anno Nab. 1. Of the Moon, 2. Of the Moon, 27 3. Of the Moon, anno 1, 2. Merdoc. 28 4. Of the Sun Xerxes at Sardis, 276 5 Of the Moon, Battle of Syracuse, 335 6. Of the Moon, Battle of Arbela. 417 7. Sun, Battle Thrasimene, Liv. l. 22. 530 8. Of the Moon. 549 9 Of the Moon. 549 10. Of the Moon. ante Cynoceph. 550 11. Of the Moon anno 7. Phi●omet. 575 12. Of the Moon, Battle of Perseus. 580  
3. Christ being 30 years old in the 15th of Tiberius, Luke 3. 1. cum 23. and allowing 44 years to the reign of Augustus, it followeth that he was born in Augustus his 29th, which makes the account as before from Nabonasser to his birth 746 4. The same account may be also thus proved, From Nabonasser to the destruction of Samaria 8 Thence to the destruction of Jerusalem 133 Thence to Cyrus 70 Thence to the 6th of Darius when the Temple was finished, John 2. 20. 46 Thence to the 7th of Artaxerxes when daniel's weeks began. 32 daniel's weeks deducting the life of Christ 457  746  
5. Now that daniel's weeks cannot commence neither with the Decree of Cyrus, nor yet with the Decree of Darius, which was 46 years after, sufficiently appears from hence, that the birth of Christ is by S. Luke expressly affirmed to have been in the reign of Augustus Caesar, Luke 2. 1. but this could not have been so, if daniel's weeks had taken their beginning at either of the Decrees before mentioned: for from Narbonassen unto Cyrus his Decree, are but 211 years, to which if you add daniel's 457 years, it will want 50 years of the time that by undeniable demonstrations Ptolemy proves to have interceded betwixt Nabonasser and Augustus. Again, from Nabonasser to the sixth year of Darius, are but 257 years, to which when you have added daniel's weeks, you will yet be 4 years short of the beginning of Augustus: But if you begin daniel's weeks at the Decree of Artaxerxes, Ezra 7. 7. & 13. which was 87. years after the Decree of Cyrus, it will not only bring you to Augustus his reign but to that numerical year of his reign, that Christ shall be 30 years old at the 15th of Tiberius Caesar, which is agreeable to the Scriptures.   

That Salmanasser and Nabonasser are the same, and that Nabonasser took Samaria in the eighth year of his Reign.  
IN all this Chronologie , there is not a particular left unproved, but only this, that Salmanasser and Nabonasser are the same, and that Nabonasser took Samaria in the 8th year of his Reign, which may be evinced by these arguments.  
1. From the 1st of Nab●nasser to the 1st of Nabopolass●r, according to Ptolemy, are 122 years, and the same difference the Scriptures make betwixt Salmanasser and Nabuchadnezzar, for it is clear in Scripture, that the difference between the destruction of Samaria, and the destruction of Jerusalem, was 133 years, but the former was taken in the 8th year of Salmanasser, and the other in the 18th or 19th of Nabuchadnezzar, which comes to the same account. Concerning the beginning of Nebuchadnezars reign, and consequently the time that he took Jerusalem, the Scripture is plain enough, Jor. 25. 1. & 32. 1. although he may seem to have reigned one year before that together with his Father, Dan. 1. 1. And concerning Salmanasser we have light enough to believe, that he began his reign in the second year of Hoshea, and about the 13th or 14th year of Ahaz, and consequently, that the destruction of Samaria, which was in the 9th and last year of Hoshea, was in the 8th of his: for besides that plain connexion which is in the Text, 2 Kings 17. 1. & 3. Hoshea began to reign in the 12th year of Ahaz, etc. and against him came up Salmanasser, that is, Salmanasser came up against him in Ahaz his time, and not long after Hoshea's admittance to his Kingdom (for so much the connexion doth import) besides this connexion, I say, it is considerable, that Hoshea had been subdued by Salmanasser, had made his peace again, and brought him presents year by year; was again revolted, and fallen off; had entered into conspiracy with So King of Egypt; and that Samaria thereupon had been besieged, and all this before the 4th year of Hezekia, which was the 7th of Hoshea was expired; which could not have been if Salmanasser had not begun his reign presently after Hoshea in the 13th or 14th year of Ahaz. To which we may add what Raleigh observes out of 2 Chron 28. 16. that it is probable that those Kings of Assyria to whom Ahaz sent in his necessity, were Tiglath Peleser, and Salmanasser his Son; for whereas the Geneva Notes would have it to be Tiglath and the Kings that were his Vassals; it is neither likely that Ahaz would address himself to those who themselves were Vassals to another: Neither do we find that Tiglath at that time had made any such conquests as to give him a Lordship over other Kings. More verisimilous it is, that as Ahaz had formerly in his need applied himself to Tigl●th the Father, 2 Kings 16. 7. so Tiglath being now deceased, he put himself under the protection of Salmanasser his Son, and so the Text may seem to speak of a successive sending of Ahaz unto several Kings of Assyria, and not of his sending at the same time to one King of Assyria, who was the Sovereign and supreme, and unto others who under him were but subservient: Unless you will imagine that Tiglath at this time, being yet alive, had invested Salmanasser his Son with all his power (as Ahaz not long after this did Hezekia, and Nabulasser in after times did Nabopol●sser) and so Ahaz. that he might cast a disrespect on neither, sent unto them both. But if this were so, it is all one with that which we affirm, for still Salmanasser was King, and the date of his reign (as Hezekia's did) ran on, from the time of his association in the Empire.  
2. The three first Eclipses calculated by Ptolemy in the first and second year of Mardocempadus, or Merodach Baladan (which I lately mentioned) were in the 27th and 28th of Nabonasser, Ptol. lib. 4. cap. 8. But allowing the first and second year of Merodach to be concurring with the 25th and 26th of Hezekia (as I shall show they were) the account will fall right with the time that the Scriptures assign to Salmanasser. Now concerning Merodach Baladan, though it be true that he was King of Babylon in the 15th year of Hezekia, and upon the miracle, at his recovery sent Ambassadors to congratulate with him, Isa. 39 1. yet in regard he was then possessed of a little portion of the Assyrian Monarchy, the years of his Empire are not reckoned till after the death of Asarhaddon, when he was invested with it all, which was in the 25th year of Hezechia: For a further confirmation whereof. it is not amiss to take notice, that the 20th of Merodach, is paralleled by Chronologers with the last year of Sethon; the 32 of Merodach, with the 10th of the 12 Princes; and the 5th of Nabulass●r the son of Ben-Merodach, with the 23th of Psammiticus. But certain it is, that all these Princes in Egypt were contemporary with Manasses the son of Hezekias, and that the last year of Sethon, was Ma●asses his 15th year; the 10th of the 12 Princes, his 27th, and the 23th of Psammiticus, the 40th of his reign. Which being granted, the first year of Merodach's Empire (which Ptolemy referreth to in his Ecliples) falls right with the 25th of Hezekia, and consequently the first of Nabonasser (whose 27th as hath been said, answers to the first of Merodach's) falls right with the 2d year of Hoshea King of Israel.  
Only before I leave this argument, because it will conduce to the understanding of what hath been before premised, I think it not amiss to subjoin something of the Kings of Egypt. From Cham to Chencres who was drowned in the Red Sea, and from him to Thuoris, we have a long Catalogue of Kings, and of the Dynastyes in which they reigned, but the Authors are so dubious from whom we have them that we have but little certainty whereon to build: After that we read of Solomon's father in Law (Vaphre's Eusebius call him) and of Sisac in the time of Rehoboam; but how long either of them reigned, or who succeeded them, we are yet to seek. In Salmanasser or Nabonassers time indeed we find a bottom; there we meet with Sabacus (so the Scripture calls him) King of Egypt, next unto him was Sechon, the last year of whose reign was concurrent with the 15th of Manasses, after Sechon there was a Vacancy, or Inter regnum 2 years, than the 12 Princes held the Kingdom 15 years, which expired, it was invested in Psammiticus: Concernign which Psammiticus also Chronologers do not well agree. Herodotus accounts his reign to be 54 years: Eusebius gives him but 44. Mercator to reconcile these; gives 44 to his single reign, and 10 years to his Ruling jointly with the 12 Princes, in the 5th year of whose Aristocracy he was taken in. Now it is according to this last computation, that you must understand what was said before of Manasses his 40th year, being concurrent with Psammiticus his 23d, that is, it was the 23th year from the time that Psammiticus had to do with the Government of Egypt, 10 years of which 23, he spent in a joint rule with the other Princes, and 13 only he had ruled solely by himself.  
And thus much might suffice for the proving of the age of the world before the Birth of Christ, as far as we could, from Scripture, and where that speaks not, from the undeniable account of other Authors. But because amongst the Ancients there were other Aeras in request besides that of Nabonasser, the knowledge whereof will give a great light to the understanding of their Writings, I will speak a little of them, and so proceed.   

Olympiads.  
1. AN Olympiad containeth the Revolution of 4 years, the aera thereof was begun by Iphitus, at the Summer Solstice, the 51 year of Vzzias, after the destruction of Troy 407 years, and before the aera of Nabonasser 29 years.  
2. That the first Olympiad began the 51th of Vzzias, appeareth thus; Cyrus as King began his Reign in the first year of the 54th Olympiad, 30 years before he was Monarch, Tull, de Divin lib. 1. Justin. lib. 1. which allowing 70 years for the captivity, and the reigns of the intervening Kings of Judah, brings us back to the 51th of Vzzias.  
3. That the first Olympiad was 407 years after the destruction of Troy, is gathered thus by Eratosthenes.  
From the taking of Troy to the descent of Hercules his Posterity into Peloponnesus, are 80 From thence to the Ionian expedition, 60 From thence to Lycurgus in Sparta 159 From thence to the first Olympiad 108  407  
4. That the first Olympiad was 29 years before the first of Nab●nasser, appeareth thus; The distance betwixt the first Olympiad and the death of Alexander, is reckoned by Erat●sthenes to be 453 years, which he gathereth thus,  
 years. From the first Olympiad to the passage of Xerxes into Greece, are 297 Thence to the Pelopennesian war 048 Thence to the Victory of Lysander 027 Thence to the Battle of Leuctra 034 Thence to the death of Philip Maced. 035 Thence to the death of Alexander 012  453  
But the death of Alexander (as hath been said) is by Ptolemy placed in the 424th year of Nabonasser, which proves the difference betwixt the two accounts to be 29 years.  
5. The same difference betwixt the first Olympiad, and the first of Nabonasser, may be also proved by the Eclipse of Xerxes, which by Ptolemy is placed (as before) in the 267th year of Nabonasser; but by all Greek Writers is reckoned to be the last year of the 74th Olympiad, which comes to the same account.   

The Aera of Rome ab Urbe condita.  
1. Cicero, Eutropius, Orosius, place it in the third year of the 6th Olympiad.  
2. Halicarnassaeus, Solinus, Antiochenus, Clemens Alexandrinus, and Eusebius, place it in the first year of the 7th Olympiad.  
3. With the latter agrees Bucholzer, placing it in the 8th year of Ahaz, though Codoman would have it in the 11th.  
4. According to Bucholzers account, to whom Raleigh with the best Chronologers do adhere, the aera of Rome is after the first Olympiad 24 years, and 5 years before the first of Nabonasser.   

The Building of Carthage.  
1. Carthage was built by Dido in the 7th year of Pygmalion King of Tyre, which from the 12th of Hiram (at which time Solomon's Temple was built) was 144 years' current, Joseph. count. App. lib. 1.  
2 The 144th year of Solomon's Temple being the 11th year of Joas, was but 143 years before the birth of Rome, and was after the destruction of Troy 289 years, and therefore long after the death of Aeneas, which proves Virgil's story to be a Fable.   

Seleucus his Aera.  
1. Seleucus his aera took its beginning the 438th year current after Nabonasser, which is proved thus,  
2. The 519th year of Nabonasser was the 82 of Seleucus, Ptol. alm. l. 11. c. 7. & 8. Gauric. in loc. citat.  
3. Bunting in his observations finds the Saturn recorded by Ptolemy to agree (as it ought) with this account, being placed in the Sign of Virgo, as the Chaldaeans had observed it in the same year, which was from Nabonasser 519. From Seleucus 82, and the last year of the 137 Olympiad.   

The Cycles.  
1. THere be two Cardinal Cycles or Revolutions of years, upon the knowledge whereof all the operations both in the Julian and Gregorian Calendar do depend.  
2. The first is the Cycle of the Sun, or the revolution of 28 years, in which time the Dominical or Sunday letters are carried round, so that all the Positions of the Sun, and all the fixed solemnities of the Church, are upon the same days of the week that they were on 28 years before.  
3. The other is the Cycle of the Moon, or the space of 19 years, in which the Moon returns to the self same day of the Sun that she was in 19 years before: It is called also the Golden Number, because it was wont to be written in the Calendar in letters of Gold, right at that day whereon the Moon changed.  
4. The number of these two Cycles is every year the same, both in the Julian and Gregorian computations, and is changed upon the first day of January.  
5. To find it, your best way is, (though there be also other ways) to have recourse unto the Julian aera.  
6. The Julian aera is so called, not because it is fitted rather to the Julian computation then to the Gregorian for it is equally subservient to them both, but from Julius Scaliger, to whom we own the invention of it; and it is of more use than any other aera whatsoever, as being more ready, and with less trouble appliable to all the operations of the Calendar which you have need of, than any other.  
7. The total of the Julian aera is 7980, which results from the multiplication of the numbers of the two Cycles, and 15. which are the years of an Indiction by one another.  
8. The present Number for the Julian aera (any year that you desire) is gathered by adding 682 unto the age of the world, for so much the Julian aera is supposed to precede the Creation; according to which account the Julian aera for this year current is 6370.  
9 When you have found the number of the Julian aera for the year that you desire, divide it by any of the Cycles before named, that is, by 28, 19, or 15. and the Fraction that remains is the number of the Cycle that you divide it by for that year present; but if there be no Fraction, than the Divisor itself is the number that you look for.  
10. The Annual series of the Dominical Letters, both in the Julian and Gregorian computation have dependence upon the Cycle of the Sun, but yet differ from one another, as in the following Table.  
The Julian Dom. Lett. The Cycle of the Sun. The Greg. Dom: Lett. g f 1 c b e 2 a d 3 g c 4 f b a 5 e d g 6 c f 7 b e 8 a d c 9 g f b 10 e a 11 d g 12 c f e 13 b a d 14 g c 15 f b 16 e a g 17 d c f 18 b e 19 a d 20 g c b 21 f e a 22 d g 23 c f ●4 b ● d 25 a g c 26 f b 27 e a 28 d  

Cognita litera Dominicali ita deprehenditur prima cujuscunque Mensis dies.  
Janus & Octobris primam, Maiusque secundum  
Vendicat. Augusto tertiu● astat apex.  
Qui sequitur Febro, Marti, canoque Novembri  
Subserviet quintum Junius almus amat.  
Septembri sextum credas Decimoque sacrari  
Postremum Veneri, Caesarioque Patri,    

Easter, with the movable Feasts.  
1. HAving found the Dominical Letter and Golden Number for any year that you desire (which account so ever it be for, whether Julian or Gregorian) apply yourself to the subsequent Tables, which for their usefulness you may call Claves anni, and under the Dominical letter, right against your Golden Number, you shall see it specified what day of what month Easter will be on that year.  
2: When you have found Easter, by reckoning backwards seven Sundays, you shall have quinquagesimo▪ and from thence reckoning still backward, you may number the Sundays until Christmas, which maketh the intervallum minus. Again, from Easter reckon five Sundays forward, and you have Rogation Sunday; the next Thursday following is Ascension day, the second Sunday after that is Whitsunday, and the next Sunday Trinity Sunday, from whence reckon the Sundays until Advent, and you have intervallum majus.  
3. Advent Sunday is known by the Dominical letters, and falleth either in November or December, as in the Scheme following.  
b 27  c 28 N. d 29  e 30  f 1  g 2 D. a 3   

Clavis anni Juliani.  Golden Number A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Golden Number m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. 1  9  10  11  12  6  7  8 1 2 26  27  28  29  30  31   1 2 3  16  17  18  19  20  14  15 3 4  9  3  4  5  6  7  8 4 5 26  27  28  29  23  24  25  5 6  16  17  11  12  13  14  15 6 7  2  3  4  5  6 31   1 7 8  23  24  25  19  20  21  22 8 9  9  10  11  12  13  14  8 9 10  2  3 28  29  30  31   1 10 11  16  17  18  19  20  21  22 11 12  9  10  11  5  6  7  8 12 13 26  27  28  29  30  31  25  13 14  16  17  18  19  13  14  15 14 15  2  3  4  5  6  7  8 15 16 26  27  28  22  23  24  25  16 17  16  10  11  12  13  14  15 17 18  2  3  4  5 30  31   1 18 19  23  24  18  19  20  21  22 19 Golden Number A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Golden Number m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a.  

Clavis anni Gregoriani.  Golden Number A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Golden Number m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. 1  16  17  18  19  13  14  15 1 2  9  3  4  5  6  7  8 2 3 26  27  28  22  23  24  25  3 4  9  10  11  12  13  14  8 4 5  2  3  4  5  6  7  1 5 6  23  24  25  19  20  21  22 6 7  9  10  11  12  13  7  8 7 8 26  27  28  29  30  31  25  8 9  23  17  18  19  20  21  22 9 10  9  10  4  5  6  7  8 10 11 26  27  28  29  30  31  25  11 12  9  10  11  12  13  14  8 12 13  2  3  4  5  6  7  1 13 14  23  24  25  19  20  21  22 14 15  9  10  11  12  13  14  15 15 16 26  27  28  29  30  31  1  16 17  23  17  18  19  20  21  22 17 18  9  10  11  12  13  7  8 18 19 26  27  28  29  30  24  25  19 Golden Number A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Golden Number m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a. m. a.   Clavis anni Gregoriani.     

New Moons in February.  
1. BEcause many in the computation of their Easter, have an eye only to the change of the Moon in February, and care not for making use of any other rules; for their satisfaction I have adjoined this following Table, by which, observing only the Golden Number, they may know when the Moon changeth in February for ever, in both accounts, both Julian and Gregorian.  
2. Yet it is to be noted in this Table, that we reckon the day according to the custom of Astronomers, to begin at Noon, and therefore we conclude, that when the Golden Number is 8. then there is nothing of the Moon in the Julian February, which accounting the days otherwise, doth not hold: for whensoever the Golden Number is 8. and the Dominical Letter B as it was in the year 1603. and will be again in the year 1698. then the Moon changeth the first of February in the forenoon, which changes notwithstanding we repute to be in New Moons Feb. Jul. Golden Number. New Moons Feb. G. 17 1 27 07 2 17 25 3 05 15 4 25 03 5 13 22 6 02 10 7 20 00 8 10 19 9 00 08 10 18 26 11 06 16 12 26 05 13 15 24 14 04 13 15 23 02 16 12 21 17 01 09 18 19 28 1● 08 N. Moons Feb. Jul Golden Number. N. Moons Feb. G. January; and therefore quinquagesima or Shrove-sunday in both those years, and all others of the same kind falls not until the 6th day of March following which is five weeks after. The like may be observed in the Gregorian February, when the Golden Number is 9 for then beginning the day astronomically, there is no change, which beginning it otherwise would sometimes happen.   

The Epact.  
1. AS the annual circuit of the Moon every year cometh short of the Sun 11 days (as hath been said before) so by adding these elevens yearly unto one another, and casting away 30 which is the limits of a month, as often as the Sun exceeds that period, we make an estimate of the proportion that the Moon keepeth in her course for ever.  
2. These elevens that are yearly added unto one another, or unto the remaining surplusage after the rejection of the aforesaid thirthies, are called the Epact; and this addition or change of the Epact is made every year upon the first day of March.  
3. Every 19 years, which is the Cycle of the Moon, the Moon in that interim, (as hath been said) returning to the same point of the Sun, the Epact also is the same that it was before, and hath always a necessary dependence upon the Golden Number.  
4. When the Cycle of the Moon or Golden Number is 1, the Epact in the Gregorian year is also 1, but in the Julian year it is 11.  
5. All other Epacts, whether Julian or Gregorian, are form by the additions and subtractions before mentioned; that is, by adding 11. and substracting 30. as often as occasion doth require.  
6. In the following Table you may see all the Epacts both Julian and Gregorian, with their dependencies upon the Golden Number every year, from the beginning of the Cycle, to the end thereof.  
7. To know the age of the Moon by the Epact, or the proportion that she keepeth in her course every month, you must do as followeth.  
1. Take the number of the months to that time that you desire, reckoning March to be the first, April the second, and so in order, till you come to February, which is the 13th.  
2. Take also the number of the days of the month, how many of it are passed to that instant day that you inquire for.  
3. Unto both these numbers add the number of the Epact (which account soever you desire it for) for that year present; and if the total Jul. Ep. Gol. N. Gr. Ep. 11 1 01 22 2 12 ●3 3 23 14 4 04 25 5 15 06 6 26 17 7 07 28 8 18 09 9 29 20 10 10 01 11 21 12 12 02 23 13 13 04 14 24 15 15 05 26 16 16 07 17 27 18 18 08 29 19 19 sum be under thirty, it shows you the age of the Moon for that present time, but if it exceed thirty, the overplus only is her age.  
4. But in such months as have under one and thirty days, you must cast away only nine and twenty from the Sum, and account the residue for the age of the Moon.  

The Moons coming to the South.  After change or full. 0 12 00 0 0 06 00 0 After either quarter 1 12 48 1 1 06 48 1 2 01 36 2 2 07 36 2 3 02 24 3 3 08 24 3 4 3 12 4 4 09 12 4 5 04 00 5 5 10 ●0 5 6 04 48 6 6 10 48 6 7 05 36 7 7 11 36 7  
Between the two Quarters, the Moon Southeth in the night; before and after them she Southeth in the day.   

The hour of the Night.  
1. OBserve her shadow on a Sundial, and if it be passed the 12th hour line, add there unto the Moons southing, and the aggregate is the hour of the night; but what hours and minutes the shadow wants of the said 12th hour-line, subtract it from the Moons southing. and the remainder is the hour of the night.  
2. Yet you must remember that so many half hours as the shadow is passed the hour of 12. you must subtract so many minutes; but for so many half hours as the shadow wants of the hour of 12. you must add so many minutes.   

The time of the Tides.  
1. AT Quinborough, South-hampton, Portsmouth, and Wellins, it is full Sea the same hour and minute that the Moon cometh to the South.  
2. In all other Havens or Ports where the hours and quarters stand before the same, there it is high water so many hours and quarters before the Moons coming to the South; but where the hours and quarters stand after the same, there it is high water so long after the Moons southing, as in the following Table.  
0. 3. Rye, Calais, Calshot, Winchelsea, Gorend. 1. 2. Yarmouth, Bulloign, Dover, Harwich, Wight. 2. 1. Needles, Diep, Casket Lux, Lenow, Orford, Laisto. 3. 0. Orkney, Pool, Orwell, St Helen, Vlie, Eames, Embden. 3. 3. Portland, Peterport, Hareflew, Hague, Blanchy. 4. 2. Milford, Bridgewater, Northwast, Exwater, Taxel. 5. 1. Bristol, Lanion, foulness, Mousbray, Antwerp, Hanb. Lin, Humber, Weymouth, Plymouth, Dartmouth, Lime Sale. 6. 0 Aberden, Redbane, Rochester, Maldon, West end of the North. 0. 3 Gravesend, Downs, Romny Tenet Romkins. 1. 2 Dondee, St Andrews, Lisbon, Silly, Maze St Lucar. 2. 1 London, Tinmouth, Hartlepool, Amsterdum, Gascoigne. 3. 0 Berwick, Ostend, Scarborough, Hamborough, Flushing. 3, 3 Frith, Lieth, Dunbar, Laur, Bloy, Egmon Monsh. 4. 2 Falmouth, Foy, Garnsey, Severn, Mouth, Waterford, Youghall, Kinsale. 5. 1  

A delineation of the Julian year for 30 years.  an. ☉ D. ☾ ep. Quin Pasc. Trin. — Adv      f. m. m. a. m. A.  n. d 57 14 d 5 25 28  29  24  26 29  58 15 c 6 6 21   11  6 24 28  59 16 b 7 17 13   3 29  25 27  ●0 17 a g 8 28  4  22  17 23  2 61 18 f 9 9 24   14  9 24  1 62 19 c 10 20 9  30  25  26 30  63 20 d 11 1  1  19  14 23 29  64 21 c b 12 12 21   10  5 24 27  65 22 a 13 23 5  26  21  27  3 66 23 g 14 4 25   15  10 24  2 67 24 f 15 15 17   7  2 25  1 68 25 e d 16 26 2  22  17  27 29  69 26 c 17 7 21   11  6 24 28  70 27 b 18 18 13   3 29  25 27  71 28 a 19 29  5  23  18 23  3 72 1 g f 1 11 18   7  2 25  1 73 2 e 2 22 9  30  25  26 30  74 3 d 3 3  1  19  14 23 29  75 4 c 4 14 14   4 30  25 28  76 5 b a 5 25 6  26  21  27  3 77 6 g 6 6 25   15  10 24  2 78 7 f 7 17 10  31  26  26  1 79 8 e 8 28  2  20  15 23 30  80 9 d c 9 9 22   11  6 24 28  81 10 b 10 20 13   3 29  25 27  82 11 a 11 1 26   16  11 24  3 83 12 g 12 12 18   8  3 25  2 84 13 f e 13 23 10  30  25  26 30  85 14  d 14 4  1  19  14 23 29  86 15 c 15 15 14   4 30  25 28   

A delineation of the Gregorian year for 30 years  an. ☉ D. ☾ ep. Quin Pasc. Trin. — Adv      f. m. m. a. m. F.  n. d. 57 14 g 5 15 11   1 27  26  2 58 15 f 6 26  3  21  16 23  1 59 16 e 7 7 23   13  8 24 30  60 17 d c 8 18 8  28  23  26 28  61 18 b 9 29 27   17  12 23 27  62 19 a 10 10 19   9  4 25  3 63 20 g 11 21 4  25  20  27  2 64 21 f e 12 2 24   13  8 24 30  65 22 d 13 13 15   5 31  25 29  66 23 c 14 24  7  25  20 22 28  67 24 b 15 5 2●   10  5 24 27  68 25 a g 16 16 12   1 27  26  2 69 26 f 17 27  3  21  16 23  1 70 27 e 18 8 23   13  8 24 30  71 28 d 19 19 8  29  24  26 29  72 1 c b 1 1 28   17  12 23 2●  73 2 a 2 12 19   9  4 25  3 74 3 g 3 23 4  25  20  27  2 75 4 f 4 4 24   14  9 24  1 76 5 e d 5 15 16   5 31  25 29  77 6 c 6 26  7  25  20 22 28  78 7 b 7 7 20   10  5 24 27  79 8 a 8 18 5  26  21  27  3 80 9 g f 9 29  4  21  16 23  1 81 10 e 10 10 16   6  1 25 30  82 11 d 11 21 8  29  24  26 29  83 12 c 12 2 21   11  6 24 28  84 13 b a 13 13 13   2 28  26  3 85 14 g 14 24  4  22  17 23  2 86 15 f 15 5 24   14  9 24  1   

Of the Eclipses which will happen this present Year 1657.  
1. THere will be this year two Eclipses of the Sun, the former upon the tenth day of June, the other upon the 25th of November, but neither of them conspicuous to us at London, and therefore not material to our present Treatise.  
2. Of the Moon there will be also two Eclipses, the first of which will happen upon the 15th day of June, the beginning thereof will not be seen at London, the Sun being then above, and the Moon below the Horizon, but the middle and the end will be conspicuous; it gins about 40 minutes after 6 of the Clock at night, and ends about 11 minutes after 10. The time of the greatest obscuration is 8 of the clock, and 26 min. The whole continuance 3 h. 30 min. and 18 seconds.  
3. The other Eclipse of the Moon will happen upon the 10th day of December, and will be visible at London from the beginning to the end thereof; the beginning will be at 5 hours 41 min. 11 sec. the end at 7 h. 57 m. 3. sec. the total duration will be 2 h. 15 min. 52 sec. The greatest obscuration at 6 of the clock, 49 min. and 7 seconds.  

January hath XXXI Days.  Julian account.   Gregor. account. M. D. W. D  Sun set. Sign.    1 a Circumcis. 3 55 ♐  11 d 2 b  3 57   12 e 3 c  3 58 ♑ Hilary. 13 f 4 D ● 1. n. 3 59  ● 1 n 14 G 5 e  4 00 ♒  15 a 6 f Epiphany. 4 02   16 b 7 g  4 03 ♓  17 c 8 a  4 05   18 d 9 b Sol in Aquario. 4 06  ☉ in ♒ 19 e 10 c  4 07 ♈  20 f 11 D  4 09  Agnes 21 G 12 e ☾ 5 17 n 4 11 ♉ ☾ 5 17 n 22 a 13 f Hilary. 4 12   23 b 14 g  4 13   24 c 15 a  4 15 ♊ Convers. Paul. 25 d 16 b  4 17   26 e 17 c  4 18 ♋  27 f 18 D  4 20   28 G 19 e ❍ 10 55 n 4 22 ♌ ❍ 10 55 n 29 a 20 f  4 23   30 b 21 g Agnes. 4 225 ♍  31 c 22 a  4 27   1 d 23 b Term gins. 4 28 ♎ Purif. Mary. 2 e 24 c  4 30   3 f 25 D Conver. Paul. 4 32 ♏  4 G 26 e ☽ 2 8 4 35  Agathe ☽ 2 8 5 a 27 f  4 36   6 b 28 g  4 38 ♐  7 c 29 a  4 39   8 d 30 b  4 41 ♑  9 e 31 c  4 43   10 f  

February hath XXXVIII. Days:  Julian account.   Gregor. account. M. D. W. D.  Sun set. Sign.    1 D  4 45 ♒  11 G 2 e Purif. Mary 4 47  (21 m 12 a 3 f ● 7 21 m 4 49  Shr. Tues. ● 7 13 b 4 g  4 51 ♓ Valentine 14 c 5 a Agathe 4 53   15 d 6 b  4 55 ♈  16 e 7 c  4 57   17 f 8 D ☉ in ♓ 4 59  ☉ in ♓ 18 G 9 e  5 01 ♉  19 a 10 f Shrove Tuesd. 5 03   20 b 11 g ☾ 11 45 5 05 ♊ ☾ 11 45 21 c 12 a Term ends. 5 07   22 d 13 b Wolstane 5 09   23 e 14 c Valentine 5 11 ♋ Mathias 24 f 15 D  5 13   25 G 16 e  5 15 ♌  26 a 17 f  5 17   27 b 18 g ❍ 98 m 5 19 ♍ ❍ 48 m 28 c 19 a  5 21  David 1 d 20 b  5 23 ♎  2 e 21 c  5 25   3 f 22 D  5 27 ♏  4 G 23 e  5 29   5 a 24 f Mathias 5 31 ♐ (33 m 6 b 2● g ☽ 1 33 m 5 33  T. Aquin. ☽ 1 7 c 26 a  5 35 ♑  8 d 27 b  5 37   9 e 28 c  5 39 ♒  10 f  

March hath XXXI Days.  Julian account   Gregor. account M. D. W. D.  Sun set. Sign.    1 D David 5 41 ♒ Gregory. 11 G 2 e  5 43   12 a 3 f  5 47 ♓  13 b 4 g  5 49   14 c 5 a ● 1 29 m 5 51 ♈ ● 1 29 m 15 d 6 b  5 53   16 e 7 c Th. Aquinas. 5 55  Patrick 17 f 8 D  5 57 ♉ Edward 18 G 9 e  5 59   19 a 10 f ☉ in ♈ 6 00 ♊ ☉ in ♈ 20 b 11 g  6 02   21 c 12 a  6 04   22 d 13 b ☾ 1 19 m 6 06 ♋ ☾ 1 19 m 23 e 14 c  6 08   24 f 15 D  6 10 ♌ Palm s. Annun. 25 G 16 e  6 12   26 a 17 f Patrick 6 14 ♍  27 b 18 g Edward 6 16   28 c 19 a ❍ 6 4 n 6 18 ♎ ❍ 6 4 n 29 d 20 b  6 20   30 e 21 c  6 22 ♏  31 f 22 D Palm Sunday 6 24  Easter day 1 G 23 e  6 26 ♐  2 a 24 f  6 28  Richard 3 b 25 g Annunci. Mary 6 30 ♑  4 c 26 a ☽ 5 56 6 32  ☽ 2 59 5 d 27 b  6 34   6 e 28 c  6 36 ♒  7 f 29 D Easter day. 6 38   8 G 30 e  6 40 ♓  9 a 31 f  6 4●   1● b  

April hath XXX Days.  Julian account.   Gregor. account M. D. W. D  Sun set. Sign.    1 g Theodore 6 44 ♓  11 c 2 a  6 46 ♈  12 d 3 b Rich. ● 6 18 n 6 48  ● 6 18 n 13 e 4 c  6 50 ♉  14 f 5 D  6 52   15 G 6 e  6 54   16 a 7 f  6 56 ♊  17 b 8 g  6 58   18 c 9 a  7 00 ♋  19 d 10 b ☉ in ♉ 7 03  ☉ in ♉ 20 e 11 c ☾ 11 30 7 06 ♌ ☾ 11 30 21 f 12 D  7 08   22 G 13 e  7 10  George 23 a 14 f  7 12 ♍  24 b 15 g Term begins 7 14  Mark 25 c 16 a  7 15 ♎  26 d 17 b  7 17   27 e 18 c ❍ 2 15 7 19 ♏ ❍ 2 15 28 f 19 D  7 21   29 G 20 e  7 23 ♐  30 a 21 f  7 24  Phil. & Jacob 1 b 22 g  7 26 ♑ Athanasius 2 c 2● a George 7 28  Inventio crucis 3 d 24 b  7 29 ♒ Monica 4 e 25 c Mark ☽ 6 30 m 7 31  ☽ 6 30 m 5 f 26 D  7 33 ♓ Rogation sund. 6 G 27 e  7 34   7 a 28 f  7 36   8 b 29 g  7 37 ♈  9 c 30 a  7 38  Ascension. 10 d  

May hath XXXI Days.  Julian account   Gregor. account M. D. W. D.  Sun set. Sign.    1 b Phil. & Jacob 7 39 ♈ Anthony 11 e 2 c Athanas.▪ 19 m 7 41 ♉  12 f 3 D Rog. Sun. ● 9 7 43  ● 9 19 m 13 G 4 e Monica 7 44 ♊  14 a 5 f  7 45  Sophia 15 b 6 g  7 46 ♋  16 c 7 a Ascension 7 48   17 d 8 b  7 50  Bernard 18 e 9 c  7 51 ♌ Dunstan 19 f 10 D ☉ in ♊ ☾ 6 32 7 52  Whits. ☾ 6 32 n 20 G 11 e Term ends 7 54 ♍  21 a 12 f  7 56   22 b 13 g  7 57 ♎ Francis 23 c 14 a  7 58   2● d 15 b Sophia 7 59 ♏ Augustine 25 e 16 c  8 00   26 f 17 D Whits. ❍ 10 52 8 02 ♐ Tri. S. ❍ 10 52 27 G 18 e Bernard 8 03   28 a 19 f Dunstan 8 04 ♑  29 b 20 g Helen queen 8 05   30 c 21 a  8 06 ♒  31 d 22 b  8 07   1 e 23 c Francis 8 08   2 f 24 D Trin. S. ☽ 10 45 8 09 ♓ ☽ 10 45 n 3 G 25 e Augustine 8 10   4 a 26 f  8 11 ♈ Boniface 5 b 27 g Bede 8 12   6 c 28 a  8 12   7 d 29 b Term gins 8 13 ♉  8 e 30 c  8 13   9 f 31 D  8 14 ♊  1● G  

June hath XXX Days.  Julian account.   Gregor. account M. D. W. D  Sun set. Sign.    1 e ● 10 17 n 8 14 ♊ Barn ● 10 17 n 11 a 2 f  8 15  Basil 12 b 3 g  8 15 ♋  13 c 4 a  8 16   14 d 5 b Boniface 8 16 ♌  15 e 6 c 8 17   16 f 7 D  8 17 ♍  17 G 8 e ☾ 11 35 n 8 18  ☾ 11 35 n 18 a 9 f  8 18 ♎  19 b 10 g  8 18  Edward 20 c 11 a Bern. ☉ in ♋ 8 18 ♏ ☉ in ♋ 21 d 12 b Basil. 8 18  Alban 22 e 13 c  8 17 ♐  23 f 14 D  8 17  John Baptist 24 G 15 e ❍ 8 31 n eclip. 8 16  ❍ 8 31 n eclipse. 25 a 16 f  8 16 ♑ John & Paul 26 b 17 g Term ends 8 15   27 c 18 a  8 15 ♒  28 d 19 b  8 14  Peter 29 e 20 c Edward 8 14 ♓  30 f 21 D  8 13   1 G 22 e Alban 8 13  Vis. Mary 2 a 23 f ☽ 3 58 8 12 ♈ ☽ 3 58 3 b 24 g John Baptist 8 12   4 c 25 a  8 11 ♉  5 d 26 b John & Paul. 8 11  Anselm 6 e 27 c  8 10  Becket troth. 7 f 28 D  8 10 ♊  8 G 29 e Peter 8 09  Cyril 9 a 30 f  8 09 ♋  10 b  

July hath XXXI Days.  Julian account.   Gregor. account. M. D. W. D  Sun set. Sign.    1 g ● 9 12 m 8 08 ♋ ● 9 12 m 11 c 2 a Visit. Mary 8 07 ♌  12 d 3 b  8 06   13 e 4 c  8 05 ♍  14 f 5 D  8 04  Swithin 15 G 6 e Anselm 8 03 ♎  16 a 7 f Becket troth: 8 02   17 b 8 g ☾ 4 18 m 8 00 ♏ ☾ 4 18 m 18 c 9 a Ciril 7 59   19 d 10 b  7 58 ●  20 e 11 c  7 56 ♐  21 f 12 D  7 55  Magdalin. 22 G 13 e ☉ in ♌ 7 54 ♑ ☉ in ♌ 23 a 14 f  7 53   24 b 15 g ❍ 6 35 m Swit. 7 52 ♒ James ❍ 6 35 25 c 16 a  7 51  Ann. Mat. Mar. 26 d 17 b  7 50  7 Sleepers 27 e 18 c  7 48 ♓  28 f 19 D Dog days begin. 7 47  Dog days begin 29 G 20 e  7 45 ♈  30 a 21 f  7 43   31 b 22 g Magdalin 7 42  Lammas 1 c 23 a ☽ 9 3 7 40 ♉ ☽ 9 3 m 2 d 24 b  7 39   3 e 25 c James 7 38 ♊  4 f 26 D Ann. Mat. Mari. 7 36   5 G 27 e 7 Sleepers 7 34 ♋  6 a 28 f  7 32  Festum Jesus 7 b 29 g  7 30   8 c 3● a ● 6 28 m 7 28 ♌ ● 6 28 m 9 d 31 b  7 26  Laurence 10 e  

August hath XXXI Days.  Julian account.   Gregor. account. M. D. W. D  Sun set. Sign.    1 c Lammas 7 24 ♍  11 f 2 D  7 23   12 G 3 e  7 21 ♎  13 a 4 f  7 19   14 b 5 g  7 18 ♏ Assump. Mariae 15 c 6 a ☾ 9 44 m 7 16  ☾ 9 44 m 16 d 7 b Festum Jesus 7 14 ♐  17 e 8 c  7 12   18 f 9 D  7 11 ♑ Bernard 19 G 10 e Laurence 7 09   20 a 11 f  7 07 ♒  21 b 12 g  7 05   22 c 13 a ☉ in ♍ ❍ 9 33 7 03  ☉ in ♍ ❍ 9 33 23 d 14 b  7 02 ♓ Bartholomew 24 e 15 c Assumpt. Mariae 7 00   25 f 16 D  6 58 ♈  26 G 17 e  6 56   27 a 18 f  6 55  Augustine 28 b 19 g Bernard 6 53 ♉ Joh. Bapt. behea. 29 c 20 a  6 51   30 d 21 b  6 49 ♊  31 e 22 c ☾ 1 15 m 6 47  Giles ☽ 1 15 m 1 f 23 D  6 45  Veronica 2 G 24 e Bartholomew 6 43 ♋ Magnus 3 a 25 f  6 41   4 b 26 g  6 39 ♌  5 c 27 a Dog days end. 6 37  Dog days end, 6 d 28 b Augustine 6 35 ♍  7 e 29 c I Bap. beh. ● 2 6 33  N. Mar. ● 2 50 8 f 30 d (50 m 6 31 ♎  9 G 31 e  6 28   10 a  

September hath XXX Days.  Julian account.   Gregor. account. M. D. W. D  Sun set. Sign.   ●. 1 f Giles 6 25 ♏  11 b 2 g Veronica 6 23   12 c 3 a Magnus' 6 20 ♐  13 d 4 b ☾ 5 58 n 6 17  ☾ 5 ●8 n 14 e 5 c  6 15 ♑ Exaltat. crucis 15 f 6 D  6 13   16 G 7 e  6 11  Lambert 17 a 8 f Nativit. Mariae 6 ●9 ♒  18 b 9 g  6 07   19 c 10 a  6 04 ♓  20 d 11 b  6 02  Matthew 21 e 12 c ❍ 1 12 6 00  # ❍ 1 12 22 f 13 D ☉ in ♎ 5 58 ♈ ☉ in ♎ Techa 23 G 14 e  5 56   24 a 15 f Exaltat. crucis 5 53 ♉ Cyprian 25 b 16 g  5 51   26 c 17 a Lambert 5 49   27 d 18 b  5 47 ♊  28 e 19 c  5 45  Michael 29 f 20 D ☽ 4 00 5 43 ♋ ☽ 4 00 Hierom 3● G 21 e Matthew 5 40   1 a 22 f  5 38 ♌  2 a 23 g Techa 5 36   3 c 24 a  5 34   4 d 25 b Cyprian 5 32 ♍  5 e 26 c  5 30  Faith Virgo 6 f 27 D ● 11 15 5 28 ♎ ● 11 15 7 G 28 e  5 26 ♏  8 a 29 f Michael 5 24  Denis 9 b 3● g Hierom 5 22 ♐  10 c  

October hath XXXI. Days:  Julian account.   Gregor. account. M. D. W. D.  Sun set. Sign.    1 a  5 20 ♐  11 d 2 b  5 18   12 e 3 c  5 16 ♑  13 f 4 D ☾ 5 28 m 5 14  ☾ 5 28 m 14 G 5 e  5 13 ♒  15 a 6 f faith Virgo 5 11   16 b 7 g  5 09 ♓  17 c 8 a  5 07  Luke 18 d 9 b Denis 5 05   19 e 10 c  5 04 ♈  20 f 11 D  5 02   21 G 12 e ❍ 6 36 m 5 01 ♉ ❍ 6 36 m 22 a 13 f ☉ in ♏ 5 00  ☉ in ♏ 23 b 14 g  4 58   24 c 15 a  4 56 ♊ Crispin 25 d 16 b  4 54   26 e 17 c  4 52 ♋  27 f 18 D Luke 4 51  Simon & Judas 28 G 19 e  4 49   29 a 20 f ☽ 4 58 m 4 48 ♌ ☽ 4 58m 30 b 21 g  4 46   31 c 22 a  4 45 ♍ All Saints 1 d 23 b Term gins. 4 43  All Souls 2 e 24 c  4 41 ♎ Winifrid 3 f 25 D Crispin 4 40   4 G 26 e ● 8 51 m 4 38 ♏ ● 8 57 n 5 a 27 f  4 36  Leonard 6 b 28 g  4 34 ♐  7 c 29 a Simon & Judas, 4 33   8 d 30 b  4 32 ♑  9 e 31 c  4 30   10 f  

November hath XXX Days.  Julian account.   Gregor. account M. D. W. D  Sun set. Sign.    1 D All Saints 4 28 ♒ Martin 11 G 2 e ☾ 8 38 n All soul 4 26  ☾ 8 38 n 12 a 3 f Winifrid 4 23   13 b 4 g  4 21 ♓  14 c 5 a  4 20   15 d 6 b Leonard 4 18 ♈  16 e 7 c  4 17  Hugh 17 f 8 D  4 15   18 G 9 e  4 13 ♉  19 a 10 f  4 12  Edmund King 20 b 11 g ❍ 13 m Martin 4 10 ♊ ❍ 13 m Pr. Ma. 21 c 12 a ☉ in ♐ 4 09  ☉ in ♐ 22 d 13 b  4 08  Clement 23 e 14 c  4 07 ♋  24 f 15 D  4 06  Katherine 25 G 16 e  4 05 ♌  26 a 17 f Hugh 4 04   27 b 17 f Hugh 4 04  27 b 18 g ☽ 3 39 4 03 ♍ ☽ 3 39 28 c 19 a  4 01   29 d 20 b Edmund King 4 00 ♎ Andrew 30 e 21 c Praesent. Mariae 3 58   1 f 22 D  3 57 ♏ Advent Sunday 2 G 23 e Clement 3 56  Lucius King 3 a 24 f  3 55 ♐ Barbara 4 b 25 g ● 7 34 Kather. 3 54  ● 7 34 m 5 c 26 a  3 53 ♑  6 d 27 b  3 52  Ambrose 7 e 28 c Term ends 3 51  Concept. Marry 8 f 29 d Advent Sunday 3 50 ♒  9 G 30 e Andrew 3 49   10 a  

December hath XXXI Days.  Julian account   Gregor. account M. D. W. D.  Sun set. Sign.    1 f  3 49 ♓  11 b 2 g ☾ 3 24 3 48  ☾ 3 24 12 c 3 a Lucius King 3 47 ♈ Lucy 13 d 4 b Barbara 3 47   14 e 5 c  3 47  15 f 6 D  3 46 ♉ ❍ Sapientia 16 G 7 e Ambrose 3 46   17 a 8 f Concep. Mariae 3 45 ♊  18 b 9 g  3 45   19 c 10 a ❍ 6 56 n eclipse. 3 44  ❍ 6 56 eclipsed 20 d 11 b ☉ in ♑ 3 44 ♋ Thomas ☉ in ♑ 21 e 12 c  3 44   22 f 13 D Lucy 3 44 ♌  23 G 14 e  3 45   24 a 15 f  3 45 ♍ Nativ. Christ. 25 b 16 g ❍ Sapientia 3 45  Stephen 26 c 17 a ☽ 12 34 n 3 46  J. Eu. ☽ 12 34. 27 d 18 b  3 46 ♎ Innocents' 28 e 19 c  3 47  Th. Becket 29 f 20 D  3 47 ♏  30 G 21 e Thomas 3 48  Sylvester 31 a 22 f  3 48 ♐ Circumcision 1 b 23 g  3 49   2 c 24 a ● 8 16 n 3 49 ♑ ● 8 16 n 3 d 25 b Nativ. Christi 3 50   4 e 26 c Stephen 3 50 ♒  5 f 27 D John Evang. 3 51  Epiphany 6 G 28 e Innocents' 3 51 ♓  7 a 29 f Th. Becket 3 52   8 b 30 g  3 53 ♈  9 c 31 a Sylvester 3 54   10 d   

Astrological Observations collected out of Galen, and the Egyptian Genethliacks.  
1. Of the Influence of the Planets upon the life of Man.  
1. Whilst he is in the womb, they assign the praefection and government of a month to every planet, in this order, the first month to Saturn, the second to Jupiter, the third to Mars, the fourth to Sol, the fifth to Venus, the sixth to Mercury, the seventh to Luna, the eighth again to Saturn, and the ninth, which is the time of his birth, to Jupiter; and from every one of these in their several Regiments, they affirm that the Infant (they call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, according to the time of the gestation) receiveth monthly a noxious or benign impression, according to the divers influences and effects of every Planet.  
2. But being delivered from the womb, they assign unto every planet a whole years' government over the life of man, but in a contrary order from what they held before; for now they give the first years government unto Luna the second to Mercury, the third to Venus, the fourth to Sol, the fifth to Mars, the sixth to Jupiter, and the seventh to Saturn, and so back again in the same ring from seven years unto seven, till our lives be finished; which in this interim, every year participate of the nature of the Planet who is the Lord thereof.  
3. And from this extraordinary and sudden fall or rise which happens unto man, betwixt the influence of Saturn, who is in the highest degree of all the scale; and the influence of the Moon, who is the lowest, they affirm, that all those great and dangerous mutations of our lives and fortunes do proceed. For whilst we are in the womb, being after the end of the seventh month, when we were under Luna's government, immediately mounted into Satur's, if upon that juncture of time (that is in the eight month) we happen to be brought into the world, it generally proves mortal to us all, though it be not so to those that are born in the seventh month, or in the month before: and after our birth, during the whole series of our lives, those climacterical changes that befall us, are nothing else but the fruits of those fearful falcus or downfals which we suffer from the influence of Saturn unto Luna.   

Of the Influence of the Moon.  
1. BEsides this common influence which the Moon hath in order with the other Planets, she hath so a particular influence, saith Galen, which she putteth forth upon the actions, fortunes, and lives of men, in her diametral and tetragonal schematismes or stations in the Zodiac.  
2. By the diametral station of the Moon, he understands her being in a Sign, in the continuance or progress of a work diametrically opposite to the Sign wherein she was at the beginning or entrance of it: as for example, if she were in Aries at the beginning of any work, she is then said to be in a diametral station thereunto, when she entereth into Libra: and here faith he, she raiseth a vehement tumult and commotion (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Galen calls it) by reason that her beams and the opposite Signs do now fully and totally oppugn, and fight, as it were, against one another, and disagree (generally) besides in passive qualities.  
3. By her tetragonal position, he understands her being in a Sign which looks upon the former with a quadrite aspect, as when she is in Cancer, or in Capricorn; and here also she causeth (saith he) great perturbations and commotions; because the Signs, though they oppose not one another so fully as the former, yet they disagree either in both, or at least in active qualities.  
4. Yet this influence of the Moon in her diametral or tetragonal stations is much changed, to the detriment or advantage of the work or person, according to her conjunction with the other Planets; concerning which, it is not amiss to let you know, that Galen divides them into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, (bonas fortunas, the vulgar Astrologians call them) which are Jupiter and Venus, and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (they call them malas fortunas) which are Mars and Saturn; betwixt which he placeth Sol and Mercury in the middle, neither ranking them with the one, nor with the other. Now put the case (saith Galen) that a man at the time of his birth have the Moon in Aries, conjoined with temperate and propitious planets; but that when she entereth into Taurus, she hath malign and noxious Planets conjoined with her; then certainly (saith he) whensoever during the whole series of that man's life the Moon cometh into Aries, or is in a diametral or tetragonal station to it, as in Cancer, Libra, or Capricorn, it will be well and prosperous with that man: but when she cometh into Taurus, or into any Sign diametrically or tetragonally posited thereunto, as Leo, Scorpio, or Aquarius, it will be troublesome and grievous with him; and all Diseases that take their beginnings in the one, shall be passed safely without danger, but those that arise or happen in the other, shall be very dangerous, if not mortal. And the like he affirms of all other businesses and affairs, which if they be attempted or begun (saith he) under good aspects, they produce good changes and alterations at the diametral and retragonal positions of the Moon; but if they be begun under evil aspects, the changes and alterations which will be produced at those positions, will be also evil.   

Predictions of Wether by the Moon.  
THe presagements of weather that are to be gathered by the Moon (such as are more certain, and wherein you may confide) take in these verses of Virgil, lib. Georg. 1. with whom Aratus, quoted by Galen and Pliny also, lib. 18. cap. 35. do agree.  

Luna revertentes cum primum colligit ignes  
Si nigrum obscuro comprenderit aera cornu  
Maximus agricolis, pelagoque parabitur imber:  
At si Virgineum suffuderitore ruborem  
Ventus erit, vento semper rubet aurea Phoebe.  
Sin ortu in quarto, namque is certissimus auctor  
Pura nec obtusis per coelum cornibus ibit  
Totus ille dies, & qui nascentur ab illo  
Exactum ad mensem, pluvia ventisque carebunt.   
All which you have abbreviated in this Monastic.  
Palida Luna pluit, rubicunda flat, alba serenat.   

1. Eclipses in general.  
COncerning the Eclipses of the Luminaries, and when, and how they happen, it shall suffice to give you the description of Macrobius lib. 1. Somnii, as being more compendious and dilucid than any other which I have met withal, his words are these.  Natura coelestium circulorum incorporalis est linea, quae ita ment concipitur, ut sola longitudine censeatur, latum habere non possit, sed in Zodiaco latitudinem signorum capacitas exigebat; quantum igitur spatii lati dimensis porrectis syderibus occupabat duabus lineis limitatum est, & terna ducta per medium Ecliptica vocatur, quia cum cursum suum in eadem linea pari ut Sol & Luna conficiunt; alterius horum necesse est venire defectum. Solis, si ei tunc Luna succedat: Lunae, si tunc adversa sit soli. Ideo nec unquam sol deficit nisi cum tricessimus Lunae dies est, & nisi quintadecim cursus sui die nescit Luna defectum. Sic enim evenit ut aut Lunae contra Solem positae ad mutuandum ab eo solitum lumen, sub eadem inventus linea terrae conas obsistat, aut soli ipsa succedens objectu suo ab humana aspectu lumen ejus repellat.  

Duodecem Signa.  
Sunt Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libraque Scorpio, Arcitenens, Caper, Amphora, Pisces.   

Quatuor Anni Tempora.  
SOlstitium Cancer, faciunt & Cornua Caprae. Libra dies, Vernusque Aries cum noctibus aequant.   

England, with the Chorography and Chronologies thereof.  
 Miles THe length of England from the Lizard point to Berwick, is 334 The breadth of England from Dover to Holy-head, is 250  
The ancient inhabitants of South Britain; now England and Wales, in the time of the Romans, were the  
Attrebatii, Belgae, brigants, Cantii, Cassiuclani, Coritani, Cornarii, Damnonii, Dimetae, Durotriges, Iceni, Ordovices, Ottodini, Regni, Silures, Trinobantes.   

The Kingdom of the Saxons, and Principality of the Britan's were  
Kent 
1. The Kingdom of Kent began under Hengist the Saxon, Anno 475. and ended after the succession of 18 Kings, in B●ldred, who resigned Regality to Egbert King of the Westsaxons, about the year 832  South-Saxons 
2. The Kingdom of the South Saxons began under Hella, in the year 536. and ended after the succession of 7 Kings, in Aldine, who lost it to Kenewald, King of the West Saxons, An. 684.  East-Angles 
3. The Kingdom of the East Angles began under the Saxon Vffa, Ann. 546. and ended after the succession of 17. Kings, Anno 964. in which year Edward the elder took it from the Danes, who had formerly taken it from St Edmond, the last King of the Saxan blood, Anno 869.  Deira 
4. The Kingdom of Deira begun under the Saxon Ella, Anno 547.  Bernitia. 
5. The Kingdom of Bernitia begun under the Saxon Ida, Anno 550.  Northumberland. 
6. These two Kingdoms were both united under the name of Northumberland, by Ethelfride, and continued under the succession of 23 Kings, till the year 878. at which time it was subdued by the Danes, who afterward yielded it to Eldred, King of the West Saxons, Anno 954.  East Saxons 
7. The Kingdom of the East Saxons began Anno 614, and ended after the succession of 17 Kings, in Suthred, whose time Egbert King of the Westsaxons united it to his Kingdom. 832.  Mercia 
8. The Kingdom of Mercia began under Penda a Saxon, Anno 626. and ended after the succession of 18 Kings, in Cenolph, who lost it to Alured King of the West Saxons, Anno 876. After that, it was seized by the Danes, but again recovered from them by Edward the Elder, Anno 917  West Saxons 
9 The Kingdom of the West Saxons began by Cerdicus, Anno 522. This Kingdom so far prevailed over the rest, that Egbert the 17th King thereof, having subdued the principal Kingdoms of the Saxon heptarchy, styled himself the first Monarch, and commanded South Britain to be called England, from the English Saxons, from whose blood he was extracted. After him Alured totally united all the Kingdoms into one Monarchy, leaving the Danes possession, but not Sovereignty in Northumberland: yet in the year 1017. the Danes recovered the Dominion, which they held for three sucessions (Canutus, Harald, and Hardicanutus) but having reigned 26 years, and tyrannised 255 years, they were utterly expelled by the English, Anno 1041. and the Crown again returned to the West Saxons line in Edward the Confessor; after whom Harald the second usurped the Kingdom, in the nonage of Edgar Athelinge, the true heir; but he lost it to the Normans upon the coming in of Duke William, Anno 1066. There were of the West Saxon line, thirty two Kings, sixteen whereof were Monarches of England, besides the three Danish Kings which intervened.  North Wales. 
10. The Principality of North Wales was begun by mervin the eldest son of Roderick, about the year 873. and ended in Leolin the second, who lost it to Edward, the first of that name of the Norman Race, Anno 1282.  South Wales. 
11. The Principality of South Wales was begun by Amorand, the second son of Roderick, at the same time with the former, and ended in Rhese, who lost his estate to the English, in the Reign of the abovesaid Edward.  Powisland. 
12. The Principality of Powisland was begun by Cadell the youngest son of Roderick, at the same time that his Brothers entered upon theirs, but was incorporated into England long before th' others, by Avis the last of Cadels' posterity, who married to Joh. Carleton an Englishman, whose issue, with this title, is now extinct.    

The Shires of England.  
ENgland was divided into Shires by the West Saxon Alured, whose names and bounds are little altered to this day.  
Of late years Henry the 8th did the same with Wales, making it one Nation with the English.  
The distance of the Shires from London, viz. the heart of every Shire, the points of the Compass how they bear from thence, with the number of their Market Towns, and Parishes, the Cities and Parishes in them not included.  
 Shires, Dist Compass. Mar. Par. 1 Berkshire, 040 West 11 140 2 Bedfordshire, 040 N. N. West 10 116 3 Buckingham, 035 N. W. by West 11 185 4 Cambridge, 050 North 06 163 5 Cheshire, 135 Nor. Westerly 09 068 6 Cornwall, 200 West by South 13 161 7 Cumberland 205 Nor. Westerly 08 058 8 Darbyshire 105 N. West by Nore 08 106 9 Devonshire 155 West by South 40 394 10 Doisetshire 095 W. S. West 15 248 11 Durham 180 Northerly 05 062 12 Essex 025 North East 21 415 13 Glocestershire 080 West by Nore 2● 180 14 Hamshire 050 W. S. West 18 248 15 Hartfordshire 025 N. by West 18 120 16 Herefordshire 100 W. N. West 08 176 17 Huntingdon 050 N. by West 05 078 18 Kent 026 Southeast 17 98 19 Lancashire 153 N. W. by Nore 08 036 20 Leicestershire 072 N. W. by Nore 11 200 21 Lincolnshire 090 N. by West 26 6●0 22 Middlesex 008 W. by Nore 03 073 23 Nottingham 095 N. N. West 11 168 24 Northampton 052 N. W. by Nore 11 320 25 Northumberland 210 Northerly 11 168 26 Norfolk 072 N. N. East 26 160 27 Oxfordshire 045 West N. West 10 208 28 Rutlandshire 070 N. N. West 02 047 29 Shropshire, 120 N. West by West 13 170 30 Somersetshire 102 West by South 29 385 31 Staffordshire 110 Norwest 12 130 32 Suffolk 045 N. E. by Nore 28 464 33 Sussex 025 South 18 140 34 Surrey 02● S. S. West. 07 140 35 Warwickshire 075 Norwest 12 158 36 Westmoreland 185 North Westerly 04 020 37 Wiltshire 072 West 21 304 38 Worcestershire 092 N. W. by West 07 152 39 Yorkshire 145 North by West 46 459 40 Anglesey 185 Westerly 03 087 41 Brecknock 130 W. by Nor. 03 070 42 Cardiganshire 1●5 W. N. West 04 077 43 Carmarthen 154 W. by Nor, 06 81 44 Carnarvan 175 N. W. by West 05 073 45 Denbigh shire 160 North Westerly 03 053 46 Flintshire 150 North West 03 024 47 Glamorgan 130 Westerly 07 151 48 Mongomery 135 N. W. by West 05 ●42 49 Monmouth 100 W. by Nor. 06 142 50 Merionidth 160 N. W. by West ●3 034 51 Pembrockshire 180 W. by Nore 06 142 52 Radnorshire 130 W. N. West 04 043   

How the Seats of the Ancients; the Kingdoms of the Saxons and Britan's; and the present Shires agree with one another.  
Ancients Shires Kingdoms Cantium Kent Kent Regni Sussex South Saxons Surrey Iceni Norfolk East Angles Suffolk Cambridgesh. Huntingdon Mercia Catejuclani Buckingham Bedfordshire Hartfordshire Coritani Rutlandshire Northampton Leicestersh. Lincolnshire Nottingham Darbyshire Cornarii Oxfordshire Worcestersh. Warwickshir. Staffordshire Cheshire Shropsh. part. Glocestersh. Trinobantes Essex East-Saxons. Middlesex  Yorkshire,   Lancashire Deira Brigantines' Durham   Cumberland Northumberland. Ottadini Westmoreland   Northumberl. Bernitia  so to Edinbur.  Damnonii Cornwall West Saxons Devonshire Belgae Somersetshire Wiltshire Hamshire Durotriges Dorsetshire Attrebatii Berkshire Seleures Radnorshire South Wales Brecknocksh. Monmouth Glamorgansh Dimetae Carmarthen Pembrokesh. Cardiganshir. Ordovices Mongomery North Wales. Merionidthsh. Denbighshire Flintshire Carnarvan Cornarii Anglesey Powisland Herefordshire Shropsh. part.   

The Circuits of England and Wales.  
1. HEnry the second towards the end of his Reign, divided his whole Kingdom into six several circuits, and for the administration of Justice, and trial of causes betwixt men and men (for the better ease and comfort of his Subjects) he appointed certain Judges twice in every year to ride and to travel through those circuits: Which course and order is carefully continued unto this day.  
2. Henry the eighth did the same in the Principality of Wales, which he divided into three circuits, and appointed itenerary Judges to ride through them twice a year, and to administer Justice, as in England.   

The Bishoprics of England and Wales.  
1. THere is also an Ecclesiastical Division of England and Wales into 26 Episcopal Dioceses, under the Archiepiscopal Provintes of Canterbury and York.  
2. Under the Province of Canterbury are  

Bath and Wells.  
Bristol  
Chichester  
Ely  
Exeter  
Gloucester  
Hereford  
Litchfield & Coventry.  
Lincoln  
London  
Norwich  
Oxford  
Peterborough  
Rochester  
Salisbury  
Winchester  
Worcester  
St Asaph  
Bangor  
Saint david's  
Landaff.   
3. Under the Province of York are  


Carlisle,  
Chester,  
Durham.    
England hath also two Universities, Cambridge and Oxford, besides many Colleges in the City of London, for the Study both of the Laws, Physic, and Divinity.   

The Chronologie of the Kings of England from the Conquest, with the day of the month and Year when they began their Reign.  
1 Will. Conq. 1 October 14 1066 2 Will. Rufus. 2 September 9 1087 3 Henry 1 August 1 1100 4 Stephen  December 2 1135 5 Henry 2 October 25 1154 6 Richard 1 July 6 1189 7 John  April 6 1199 8 Henry 3 October 19 1216 9 Edward 1 November 16 1272 10 Edward 2 July 7 1307 11 Edward 3 January 25 1326 12 Richard 2 June 21 1377 13 Henry 4 September 29 1399 14 Henry 5 March 20 1412 15 Henry 6 August 31 1422 16 Edward 4 March 4 1460 17 Edward 5 April 9 1483 18 Richard 3 June 22 1483 19 Henry 7 August 22 1485 20 Henry 8 April 22 1509 21 Edward 6 January 28 1546 22 Mary  July 6 1553 23 Elizabeth  November 17 1558 24 James  March 24 1602 25 Charles  March 27 1625  Nullus  January 30 1648   

The Nobility of England, as they were in the Year 1638.  
Dukes  

1 Richmond  
2 Buckingham   

Marquess  
1 Winchester   

Earls  
1 Arundel and Surry  
2 Oxford  
3 Northumberland  
4 Shrewsbury  
5 Kent  
6 Derby  
7 Worcester,  
8 Rutland  
9 Cumberland  
10 Sussex  
11 Huntingdon  
12 Bath  
13 Southampton  
14 Bedford  
15 Pembroke Mont.  
16 Hartford  
17 Essex  
18 Lincoln  
19 Nottingham  
20 Suffolk  
21 Dorset  
22 Salisbury  
23 Exeter  
24 Somerset  
25 Bridgewater  
26 Leicester  
27 Northampton  
28 Warwick  
29 Devonshire  
30 Cambridge  
31 March  
32 Carlisle  
33 Denbigh  
34 Bristol  
35 Middlesex  
36 Anglesey  
37 Holland  
38 Clare  
39 Bullingbrook  
40 Westmoreland  
41 Manchester  
42 Berkshire  
43 Cleveland  
44 Mulgrave  
45 Danby  
46 Monmouth  
47 Marleborough  
48 Rivers  
49 Lindsey  
50 Newcastle  
51 Dover  
52 Peterborough  
53 Stanford  
54 Winchelsea  
55 Kingston  
56 Carnarvan  
57 Newport  
58 Chesterfield  
59 Thanet  
60 St Alban  
61 Portland   

Viscounts.  
1 Montague  
2 Purbeck  
3 Say and Seal  
4 Wimbleton  
5 Savage  
6 Conway  
7 Banning  
8 Cambden  
9 Wentworth   

Barons.  
1 Aburgavenny  
2 Audley  
3 Delaware  
4 Barkley  
5 Morley  
6 Dacres  
7 Dudley  
8 Sturton  
9 Vaux  
10 Windsor  
11 Cromwell  
12 Ewer  
13 Wharton  
14 Willoughby of Parh.  
15 Paget  
16 North  
17 Shandos  
18 Peter  
19 Gerard  
20 Spencer  
21 Stanhope,  
22 Arundel of Warder  
23 Tenham  
24 Brook  
25 Montague  
26 Grey of Wark  
27 Deinscourt  
28 Roberts  
29 Craven  
30 Faulconbridge  
31 Lovelace  
32 Paulet  
33 Harvey  
34 Brudenel  
35 Maynard  
36 Coventry  
37 Howard Eser  
38 Goring  
39 Mohun  
40 Savil  
41 Dunsmore  
42 Powis  
43 Herbert Cherb.  
44 Cottington.    

Baronet's.  
Were first created by King James, and continued by King Charles; they are dignities betwixt a Baron and a Knight, they have vulgarly the compellation of the latter given unto them, but they are hereditary as the former.   

Orders of Knighthood.  
1. OF the Garter, instituted by King Edward the third. There are of this Order 26. Knights, whereof the Kings of England were Sovereigns; and it hath been so much desired for its excellency, that 8 Emperors, 22 Foreign Kings and Dukes, and divers Noblemen of other Countries have been Followers of it. The Ensign is a blue Garter buckled on the left Leg, on which these words are embroidered, Honi soit qui mal y pense. About their Necks they wear a blue Ribbon, at the end of which hangeth the Image of St George, on whose day they are installed.  
2. Of the Bath, brought in England by Henry the fourth, Anno 1399. they are created only at the coronation of Kings and Queens, and the installations of the Princes of Wales: They wear about their Necks a Carnation Ribbon.   

Memorable Chronologies.  
SInce the Norman conquest 591 Since the expulsion of the Danes 616 Since the entrance of the Danes 871 Since Hengist, and the first erection of the Saxon Kingdoms 1182 Since the departure of Proconsul Aetius and the Roman Legions. 1257 Since Christ 1657   

Scotland.  
1. SCotland is reputed to be 146 miles longer than England, but it is of no great breadth, there being no place distant from the Seas above sixty miles.  
2. The Ancients of this Nation are thus paralleled with the seats of the now Inhabitants.  
Gadeni 


Tividale,  
Twedale  
Merch  
Lothian    Selgovae 


Liddisdale  
Eusdale  
Eskdale  
Anansdale  
Nidisdale    Novantes 


Galloway  
Carect  
Kile  
Cunningham    Damnii 


Cluidedale  
Striveling  
Menteth  
Fife    Vernines 


Mernis  
Marr    Caledonii 


Stratherns'  
Argile  
Cantire  
Albany  
Lorn  
Perth  
Anguis    Tanzali 


Buquan.    Vacomagi 


Loquabre  
Murray    Cantae 


Ross  
Sutherland    Catini 


Cathness    Cornubii 


Stratnaverne     
3. These Provinces are divided into divers Sherifdoms, which are not annually elective, as they are in England, but hereditary.  
4. Malcome the third divided Scotland into thirteen Episcopal Dioceses, Anno 1070. before that, the Bishops exercised their Functions in what place soever they came.  
5. Archbishoprics they had none till the year 1478. the Bishops of York being before the Metropolitans of Scotland; now they have two, Glasco and St Andrews,   

The Kingdoms of Scotland.  
Picts 
1. THe more ancient is that of the Picts, who indeed were no other than very Britan's, who when the Roman Eagle had with her black Wings darkened the South part of the Island, fled into the Northern parts, preferring penurious liberty, before fetters of Gold. These men using the ancient custom of painting their bodies, after their countrymen had conformed themselves to more civil courses, were by the Romans called Picti  Scots 
The other, but more prevailing Kingdom, was that of the Scots who out of Ireland entered into the West part of this Country, Anno 424. For the space of 400 years the Picts and they, (though with many quarrels, victories, and overthrows on either side) held their several Territories, till at last, Kenneth King of the Scots, having vanquished Dunsken King of the Picts, Anno 839. extinguished both their Kingdom and their name, causing the whole Country to be called Scotland.    

The Chronologie of the Kings of Scotland from Kenneth, with the year of our Lord when they began their Reigns, how many years they reigned, and how long it is since their Reigns expired.  
1 Keneth 1 0839 17 801 2 Danald 1 0856 6 795 3 Constantine 1 0862 13 782 4 Ethus  0875 15 767 5 Danald 2 0890 13 754 6 Constantine 2 0903 30 724 7 Malcome 1 0933 16 708 8 Ingulfe  0949 12 696 9 duff  0961  696 10 Kenneth 2 0961 33 663 11 Constantine 3 0994 10 653 12 Malcome 2 1004 30 623 13 Duncan  1034 6 617 14 Macbeth  1040 17 600 15 Malcome 3 1057 39 561 16 Donald Bale 3 1096 2 559 17 Edgar  1098 9 550 18 Alex. Fierce 1 1107 20 530 19 David 1 1127 26 504 20 Malcome 4 1153 7 497 21 William  1160 53 444 22 Alexander 2 1213 37 407 23 Alexander 3 1250 37 370  Intrregnum   13  24 John Balliol  1300 6 351 25 Robert Bruse 1 1306 26 325 26 Edwar. Balliol  1332 10 315 27 David Bruse 2 1342 29 286 28 Robert Stuart 2 1371 19 267 29 Robert 3 1390 16 251 30 James 1 1406 42 209 31 James 2 1448 14 195 32 James 3 1462 29 166 33 James 4 1491 23 143 34 James 5 1514 28 115 35 Mary  1542 25 090 36 James 6 1567. 58 032 37 Charles 1 1625 23 009 38 Charles ● 1648     

The Union of the Scottish Families.  
AFter the death of Alexander the third, there was fierce contention for the Kingdom of Scotland, betwixt the Families of the Balliol's and the Bruises. By our Edward the first, as supreme Lord of Scotland, after 13 years Inter regnum, the right was adjudged to the Balliol's; but was by them lost again, and again recovered, and variously held, till at the last, after 84 years' difference, their several Titles were united in the person of Robert Stuart, who married the eldest Sister of David Bruse, and the Heir of that Family, himself being heir unto the Balliol's, An. 1371.   

The Union of the English Families.  
2. THe like difference there was in England for the Diadem, betwixt the Families of York and Lancaster, wherein were fought 17 pitched fields, and in which there perished 8 Kings and Princes, 40 Dukes, Marquess' and Earls, 200000 of the common people, besides Barons and Gentlemen; but it was composed by Henry the 7th, heir of the house of Lancaster, who married Elizabeth, daughter and heir unto King Edward the 4th, of the House of York, Anno 1485.   

The Union of the Kingdom.  
3. BUt the greatest Union was that which was made betwixt the two Kingdoms of England and Scotland, in the person of James the 6th King of Scotland, who as heir unto Margaret, eldest daughter unto Henry the 7th, was admitted to the English Throne, after the death of Queen Elizabeth, Anno 1602. and made of the two Kingdoms but one Monarchy.   

Ireland.  
1. IReland containeth in length 400 miles, in breadth 200, and next unto Britain is the greatest Island in Europe.  
2. It was once divided into five several Kingdoms, viz. Monster, Connaght, Ulster, Meth, and Leinster.  
3. But Dermot Mach Morock King of Lemster, being driven out of his Kingdom by Maurice ● Rock King of Meth, Anno 1172. applied himself to Henry 2. King of England for relief, who upon this occasion made himself master of the whole.  
4. Henry the 8th was the first of the English race, who styled himself King of Ireland: Before that, the English Princes contented themselves to be called Lords thereof.   
FINIS.   

AT Bun-hill near Chiswel-street, over against the New Artillery-ground, at the third Brick-house with a Balcony and a Globe at the Door, liveth an Astrological Chemical Physician, who hath Medicines prepared of Herbs, so gathered with the Planetary Influence, whose dexterous operation far exceeds any other in the cure of Diseases. He hath also▪ a singular approved Medicine for the preventing of Abortion, or Miscarriage in Women, and also maketh them that are Barren, to become Fruitful. He formerly lived in moorfield's.