THE ENGLISH Military Discipline. Exactly described By Copper Cutts, in Forty eight Postures of the Musket and Thirty six of the Pike. WITH Instructions for all young Soldiers, and such who are disposed to learn and have knowledge of the Military Discipline. WHEREIN, Are set down the Conditions and Qualities which are required in every several Officer of a private Company, and the manner of drawing up of Companies and placing them in Battle Rank. Sold by John Overton at the White Horse without Newgate, where you may have the best choice of all sorts of Maps, Copy Books French and Dutch Prints. Books of Flowers, Beasts Birds, Drawing Books. ☞ Also several New MAPS for the discovering the motion of the ARMIES, etc. 1672. Divers useful Instrustions for all young Soldiers and such who are disposed to learn and have knowledge, of the English Military Discipline. THe first principal in Military Instructions, bindeth every one that minds to practise in Military Discipline, after the handling of his Arms, to understand the several sounds of the Drum, without the which no Soldier is able to know his Commander's pleasure, when to March, Charge, or make a Retreat, etc. For when the Commanders voice can not extend to the hearing of the Company, the Drum denounces and expresseth the same. The sounds especially to be learned, are these. 1. A Call. 2. A March. 3. A Troop. 4. A Charge. 5. A Retreat. 6. A Battalia. 7. A Battery. 8. A Relief. The second principal [after the learning of his Arms] is to know how to offend and defend, the readiest and easiest way with skill. The 3. Principal to be learned, is the distance and order of Standing and Marching, that is to be observed between Files and Ranks, which is a special point of Discipline, some make 5. Sorts, but I content myself only three most in use. Distance in Files. Order is three foot. Open order is six foot. Close order is a foot and half. Distance in Ranks. Order is six foot. Open order is twelve foot. Close order is three foot. The learning of this principal is of great use, for if order and perfect form be not observed, it can be termed no other thing but a disordered Company. In the next place let the Soldier know how to distinguish betwixt every several place in the Company, as followeth. The Front. The Front is always where the faces of the Company are directed all one way. The Rear. The Rear is ever where the backs of the whole Company are turned. A File. A File is a sequence of men standing one behind another, back to belly, and consisteth commonly, of 10, or 8. or sometimes 6. depth. A Rank. A Rank is a row of men standing one by another, Shoulder to Shoulder, their faces being directed all one way. Leaders of Foils. Leaders of Foils are those that are in the first Rank; every one in the same rank, is a Leader of a File, Bringers up. Bringers up, are those that are in the last rank; and they are every one bringers up of a File. Rear division, half Files, or sixth rank, all these three names may be given to this division. The Leaders of the Rear division are the sixth rank, if there be ten depth, if but 8. the 5. rank. Also this division is called by some, middle men, but the most sure being, what depth they will, Rear division separates best, and is soon known. The Wing. The Wing is the side of the Company, from the Front, to the Rear, the right side being called the right Wing, and the left side the left Wing. Hereafter followeth certain general observations. Let every Soldier know that in marching they are to follow their Leaders in Files, as also keep even with their right hand man, which is their Leader in Rank, the like must be done upon a stand to stand right after their Leaders in File, and rank even with their right hand man in rank, observing true distance and form according unto such order as shall be enjoined by the Commander. Let the Pikeman know that in a march he must always shoulder his Pike, either just or sinking, as the word shall be given; and coming thorough any port or gate, he is to port his Pike, upon a Troup he must carry his Pike mounted, and upon a stand let him always set down or order his Pike, unless he have command to the contrary. Let the Pikeman further know and observe that in charging (being ten depth) half the ranks or front division are to charge or present their Pikes, the other half or rear division are to carry their Pikes mounted or ported over the heads of their leaders, that they be no hindrance to them, either in charging or in retiring. Observe likeways that when they present standing, to fall back with the right foot, and marching, to present the left foot being stooped forward. The Musketeer must observe upon a march to shoulder his Musket, and carry the Rest in his right hand, except he prepare to give fire, then is he bound to carry his rest in his left hand: the like also in a troop, but in a stand let him ever rest his Musket, except he have command to the contrary. In exercising of the Company, first cause the body to stand in good order, and being in such order as they are enjoined to, let them face to the right or left hand, and so look upon then round, seeing them stand right in Files, and Ranks. Ten ranks, and five files, face them to either hand, and then there is as many files, as ranks were before, being become ranks, and the ranks being converted into files. When you double your files to any hand, by doubling of ranks to the contrary hand, they are brought to their first form; likeways having doubled ranks to any hand, by doubling of files to the contrary hand, they become to their first order, or as they were. Now the next for the fift principal, shall be expressed the most usual words of command, especially used in the exercising of a Company, with the reasons thereof, which every Soldier must be well acquainted withal, otherways they can never rise unto any preferment. The words of Command following. 1. Files double to the right. Doubling of files to the right is after this manner, the utmost moveth not, but standeth fast: the next unto the right, moveth into the right, so that of ten in deep, it is now become twenty, accordingly every second moveth into their next on their right hand. 2. Double to the left. The left must stand fast, and every second file is to move into their next on their left hand. The Use. Thus you strengthen your Wings. 3. Ranks double to the right. In doubling of ranks, you must know the foremost rank stands fast, the second moveth into the first, to the right hand (for that is commonly first done in exercising) the third rank standeth fast, the fourth moveth into the third, and so of the rest, every second rank moveth into the rank before them, that of five in rank, they are doubled and become ten in rank. 4. Ranks double to the left. Doubling of ranks to the left, every second rank moveth, passing up by their leaders left hand, and so stand in the rank with them, beginning at the front first, and so take it one from another. Note that in doubling to any hand, in going to your first order, that you fall out with the contrary foot. The use. Thus you strengthen your Front. 5. Files close. Being in open order, the word is Files close without naming to any hand, which is thus performed, the two middle leaders close first, the one to the right, the other to the left, till they are in the distance commanded, the rest of the company to take their distance from them, on either Wing closing to the middle leaders. 6. Files close to the right. The right hand file moveth not but standeth fast, all the rest close to the, right file, taking their distance one from another, from the right hand. 7. Files close to the left. Files closing to the left, than the left file stands fast, the rest of the files close, and take their distance from the left hand. There is great use in closing of Files for many causes. 8. Files close to the right and left by division. Files closing to the right and left by division, the one half of the Files close to the right files, the other half to the left files, leaving a space between, which is done upon some special use, best known to the Commander. 9 Files open. Being in close order, the word is, files open (not naming to whether hand) and is thus to be done, the middle leaders press upon their wingers, first taking the distance commanded, having then opened both ways, the rest of the Company on both wings take their distance from them. 10. Files open to the right. The left is not to move but standeth fast, the next to the left first taketh the distance, pressing upon the right, until the distance commanded be obtained, the rest of the files do, the like pressing upon their right, still opening by the right, until they have all done it. 11. Files open to the left, The right standeth fast, the rest open to the left, still pressing upon their left, until they are all in distance commanded. This word of command is ever given to that hand where there is most ground, or fittest ground for conveniency. 12. Ranks close from the Front to the Rear. After this manner, the rear (or last rank) moveth not but standeth fast, the rest of the ranks fall back to the rear. 13. Ranks close from the Rear to the Front. To do this, the first rank moveth not, but standeth fast, all the rest of the ranks close up, taking their distance commanded, rank after rank, from the Front, (or first rank) the second rank to the Front beginning first, the rest consequently one after another, till all have done it. 14. Ranks open from the Front to the Rear. The first rank moveth not, the rest of the ranks fall back, till they have gained the ground to the distance commanded, then stand, the second rank taketh the distance first, the rest in like manner one from another, until they have all effected it. 15. Ranks open from the Rear to the Front. Which is thus done, all the body advanceth forward, the last rank only standeth fast, the second to the last taketh the distance first, than the rest advancing forward till they have done it. 16. Files and ranks close. The whole body being at open order, the word is files and ranks close, to do the which your middle leaders of files close first, the rest of the files close to them, the ranks close all up to the Front, or the first rank to such distance as is commanded. 17. Files and Ranks open. The whole body being close in rank and file, the word is, files and ranks open after this manner: the middle leaders of files open, and take the distance first, the rest of the files on either wing from them, the ranks fall back, the second to the front taketh the distance first, the rest in like manner from the front to the rear backwards. 18. Files countermarch and maintain ground. To countermarch and maintain ground, the leaders of every file, having turned to the hand directed (which is specially to be observed) pass thorough the company, their followers match up to the leaders ground, making the same good, then turn and pass thorough the company after their leaders, till they have all done the same. 19 Countermarch and lose ground. To countermarch and lose ground, the leaders of every file, turn to the hand directed, passing thorough the company, the followers move not till their leaders are passed by them, than they turn and pass after their leaders, the ranks do the same one after another, not moving till their leaders are passed by them, than they turn in the same ground. By countermatch the rear may become the front in the same ground that the front stood in, having brought them up, and face about. Note. The files must be in their open order when they countermarch. 20. Ranks countermarch from the right to the left. The right hand man passeth between the first and second rank, all the rest of the same rank follow, the right hand man of the second rank, passeth between the second and third ranks, passing to the left wing, the rest of the rank follow him, all the rest of the ranks do the like, bringing the right to the left. 21. Ranks countermarch from the left to the right. The left hand man of every rank turneth first, passing to the right, all the rank followeth him, the rest of the ranks do the like, so bringing the left wing to the right. This is done upon some politic respect of the Commander to change the wing, doubting the courage of the one by the other, or otherways best known to the Commander. 22. Files rank, 3.5.7. or 9 The right hand first executes the same, advancing forward, and fall in rank to such number as shall be joined, the next doth the like, advancing forward fall in rank after the former file, the rest of the files keep the same form and order, until they are all ranked. 23. Files rank 3.5. or 7. The left file first advanceth, falling in rank, the rest of the files observe the like form, till the words of command be fully executed. 24. Ranks rank 4.6. or 8. The first rank executeth the same beginning at the right hand man, the first rank having ended, the right hand man of the second rank beginneth, the rest of the ranks do the like, till all have done it. 25. Ranks rank 2.4. or 6. The left hand man first beginneth here, the rest of the ranks join with him, making so many in rank as shall be commanded, every rank passing up till they have all done it. 26. Ranks file to the right. The right hand man of every rank stirreth not, but the next to the right hand man falleth behind his right hand man: the rest of the ranks follow: all the ranks do the same, falling behind their right hand man, making one file of the whole company. 27. Ranks file to the left. Every left hand man stands fast, the rest fall behind one another to the left hand, and so are converted into one file. The use. Thus you give a strong charge upon the wing by facing to any hand: this serveth also for a narrow passage, to do this, let the ranks be in open order, and the files in close order. 28. Ranks turn to the right. The right hand man turneth in the same ground he stands, not moving forth of the same: the rest of the same rank turneth all together and become all above him, the left hand man being uppermost, all the ranks do this. 29. Ranks turn to the left. The left hand man turneth in the same ground he stands in, the rest become all above him, the right hand man being uppermost, all the ranks do this. The use. By this you may give a charge by either Wing very easily. Note. To perform this easily and shortly, let the Files be in their close order, and the Ranks in such open order as shall be requisite according to the number of men in Rank. 30 Ranks and Files turn to the right, the great turn. This word of command is spoken to the whole body, know that the right hand man moveth not but a little, and slowly, the left wing somewhat faster, but all the whole body together, till such time as the left wing be brought about, and then halt, their faces being all one way. 31. The great turn to the left. Then the left hand man moveth but little and slowly, all the rest of the body turn together, the right wing being brought to the left. 32 The great turn right about to the rear. The right hand man moveth but little and slowly, as it is said before, until his face be at the rear, then standeth. 33. The great turn left about to the rear. The like doth the left hand man as the right did before, until all be turned. The use. Thus the Front is brought to either of the Wings, or to the Rear, being strongest and best Armed. Note. For turning of this great turn, the whole body must be at their close order, both in ranks and files. 34. Rear division, half files, sixth rank, or middle men double the front to the right. These four words of command, tend all to one purpose. Therefore I say, rear division double the front to the right, the Leaders of this division are according to the deepness, the just half of the number, and they pass up every man of the rank by the right hand of his Leader, until they have all done, and then stand in the Front or first rank, the next rank followeth and standeth in the second rank, and so the rest, till all have done it. 35. Rear division double the Front to the left. The Leaders of this division or first rank of it, passeth up upon the left hand of their Leaders, unto the front or first rank of the front, and so consequently all the rest, until all be doubled. The Use. There is a special use of this motion, for by this the same order in distance of ranks is still observed, which cannot be in doubling of ranks. The second Use. Again, they bring sufficient men into the Front and Rear. The third use. Thirdly, it maketh the Company to show fair upon a March thorough a City, or place of note, for faces to any hand being thus doubled and then March, and you shall be bravely winged. 36. Rear division double the front to the right and left by division. The rear division divide themselves, the one half of them face to the right hand, the other half face to the left hand, then march out both to the wing of the Company, than face again to the right and left, then march up to the Front; and stand there. The Use. Thus the front is doubled on either wing, and the same distance between files and ranks still observed. 37. Rear division double the front to the right Enteare. The rear division face to the right hand altogether, then march forth, then face to the left hand and march up to the Front, joining rank by rank and there stand. 38. Rear division double the Front to the left Enteare. The rear division face to the left and then pass out, then face to the right and march up to the Front, joining rank by rank to the wing and stand. The Use. Thus the Front is enlarged by such wing as the Commander thinks fit, and shall be most useful. 39 Bringers up double the Front to the right. The last rank (as formerly is shown) are Bringers up, who pass thorough the body by the right hand to the front, and there stand the second to the rear, follow the Bringers up, and stand in the second rank to the Front, and so they rest till they have all done it. 40. Bringers up double the Front to the left. The last rank passeth up by their leaders left hand to the first rank and there stand, the second rank to the rear follow, and stand in the second rank to the Front, all the ranks do the like until they have all done it. The Use. This is another manner of doubling the Front, and not the worst: for by this, there is sufficient men brought to the Front, to the strengthening of the same. By this word of Command, you may alter the Front, and bring the rear to the front, by causing the rear or last rank which are bringers up to pass thorough the Company, the rest of the ranks following them. 41. Ranks file by inversion. After this manner the whole body standing in open order, especial in ranks, one half of the ranks fall into the right file, the other half into the left hand file, becoming two files only, wherein you must note that the two uttermost files, which are called the right and left hand files, they stand fast, the rest of the files invert to them. The Use. This serves for the avoiding of Canonshot upon the main body, or for a guard for some great Commander to pass thorough, it is used also at the lodging of the Handsign. 42. To your first order, or as you were. These words are, words which bring the Company to their first Station or Order: after every motion foresaid we say, either to your first order, or else as you were, which tends both to one use. But because I use this first word in my own practice, I would wish all those that useth this book to follow it, so that there be no diversity. To your first order. This word of Command is often used to perfect the body after doubling of ranks or files, when the rear division hath doubled the Front, or Bringers up have doubled the Front, after ranks turning the great turn, ranks fileing either by conversion or inversion, and at other times to bring them to their first form. The Use. The use of this is so necessary, that when the Company cannot understand by any other word of Command, they can more easily fall to their first order. There be divers other words of Command generally to be observed by the whole Company in time of service, or upon any sudden assault to cause face to any hand, or charge to any hand. The company standing in battle orderly, both in ranks and files, and true distance in both, the words of exercising, are these, viz. Faces to the right. To your first order. Faces to the left. To your first order. Faces right about to the Rear. To your first order. Faces left about to the Rear. To your first order. PRESENTING. Present to the right. To your first order. Present to the left. To your first order. Present right about to the rear. To your first order. Present left about to the rear. To your first order. Faces to the right and left. by division. To your first order. Faces to the front and rear. by division. To your first order. PRESENTING. Present to the right and left by division. To your first order. Present to the front and rear by division. To your first order. There is divers sorts of Exercising of Musquetiers by themselves apart, which cannot well be set down but in action. The first is to win ground upon the Enemy. The second is to lose ground, or making a Retreat, and yet offend the Enemy. The third is in Marching by the Enemy, and dischargeing upon them by Files as they March. The fourth sort is by dividing the front and rear by divisions, six foot distance, and marching away by the Enemy, and discharging upon them half Files, the first half File marching through the division from the right to the left: the second half File discharging upon the Enemy, and falling by the Rear or last Rank, unto the left half File. The fift Sort is by dividing the right and left division six foot distance one from another, the first half Ranks discharging upon the Enemy, and falling off, from the right hand to the Rear, the one half rank falleth off by the right division to the Rear, the left division falleth down through between the divisions upon the right hand unto the rear. For brevity's sake, I will omit most kinds of frams and motions, and also because many of them are hindrances to the young Soldier's mind, I will only present you with some few which you shall find at the end of the Book. We shall now discourse of the Heads, and Officers in an Army. The General. The highest Office of all, is that of a General, who as he is above the rest in Authority and Power, so ought he not only to know perfectly the Duties of every Officer; but also to excel them all in Religion, Wisdom, Experience, Policy, Gravety, Secrecy, Council, Modesty, Temperance, Valour, Magnanimity, Vigelancy, rare Constance, Liberality, and Resolution, with all other good parts infident to a perfect Man of War, and how much all these good parts, and many more ought to be in this Personage elected, to this high and careful Dignity, you may easily conceive and gather, because he is set over the rest, to the end that he being their Chieftain and Head, may not only know how to govern them both in actions, but also in his virtuous Life and carriage, be a Pattern, Light and Lantern, unto the whole number of the Companies, to imatate; for it is an old Proverb: Like Master, like Man, like General, like Officers and followers: for commonly a wise, valiant, and virtuous General, will choose wise valiant and virtuous Captains and Officers: good and virtuous Captains will as near as they can, choose good, honest, sober, and virtuous Officers under them, entertain their Soldiers with good and fair speeches to Command with, all allurements to bring them to the due form of Martial Discipline. The Crowner. The Crowner's place and Office, is to be Commander over the Captains, and all other inferior Officers of his Regiment, having Jurisdiction and Dominion over them all, whereby may be inferred and gathered, the parts and qualities which ought to be in him, and the great skill and experience in War, as one who ought to exceed them all, for to know how to Command, Rule, and Govern them with Prudence; and Valour; and for as much as in many occurants and occasions, growing and presented in War, he should know to perform the parts and Office of a General, being alone with the Companies of his own Regiment, as when his General Commands him to the Battery or Siege of Port or City, or to defend any Fort or Town, or to War in any open Campania, to give Battle to the Enemy, to make Incursions, to retire and withdraw Skirmishers, to frame Briges over Rivers, to fortify himself in Camp, to conduct Artillery, and many other pieces of service to be performed in him, he is greatly to respect and honour his General, Obeying and Performing his commands and Orders, with great care and diligence, as he would be Obeyed himself, and Reverenced by his Captains and other Officers of his Regiment. The Sergeant Major. His Office is to be the general Minister or Officer of a whole Regiment of Sundry Companies, and super intendant of all the Sergeants of the same, by whose hand and Industry, the Crowner doth give the orders convenient to the due government of his Regiment, as in Marching, Encamping, Inbattalleing, and in such other matters concerning hereunto, whereby may be gathered the parts, the qualities, the valour, the great skill, experience, and great diligence which ought to be in him, who is chosen to this degree of Office, being of such importance: the Sergeant Major's Office is of much higher degree than any ordinary Captain, for every Captain do receive his directions from the Serjent Major, and the Sergeant Major from the Crowner or General, if he be in place: the ordinary place where the Crowner Marcheth, is in the Vanguard, and so the Sergeant Major being his Officer, by whom he sendeth his Commands unto the Captains, Lieutenants, Handsigns, and Sergeants, and other Officers, ought always to be near unto his Person, for the Sergeant Major is guide of the Battle. A Captain. A Captain should consider that he hath the charge of men's lives committed to his hands, over the which he should watch, lest any of them be lost under his Conduct, either by rashness or want of knowledge, which should be more easily performed, if skilful and sufficient men were chosen to bare Rule, and such as either had passed, or at least did understand the degrees of all the inferior Officers, whereby he may be able to discharge a place of such importance, that he may presently redress any thing amiss, and give Instructions, and Orders upon every new accident either in Marching, Encamping, or Fight, what the said Officers have to do, for no man is able to teach that which he hath not himself before learned, for if he have not Experience [by his Ignorance] a whole Company may be overthrown, he must diligently use his Soldiers to the often using of their Arms, which shall be more profitable unto them, than the assistance of the Physicians, for daily practice and exercise, makes them both perfect and healthful, and at last Victorious in the Fields, in the time of Battle. Lieutenant. He that is elected unto this Office, aught to be a man of great Experience, Fidelity, and Valour, who in the absence of his Captain carrieth his Place, Charge, and Command, unto whom the Soldiers and under Officers are to Obey for the time, as unto the Captain himself. His place of March, his Captain being present, is in the rear of the Company, but in Retiting or Marching out of the Field, he is to March in the Front, and the Captain in the Rear. The Handsign or Ensign. The Handsign, is the foundation of the Company, wherein consisteth the Honour and Reputation of the Captain and Soldiers, he ought not only to be a good Soldier, Bold and Valiant, but as near as may be the Captain's equal, in Valour, Discretion, and Counsel. His place of March is upon the head of the Pikes, the same place he must observe in set Battles, but rather betwixt the 3. and 4. Ranks. The Sergeant. In this Officer, consisteth the principal parts of the observation of Military Discipline, and for that the execution of the superior Officers Orders and Commands, do concern his charge and duty, it Importeth that he be a skilful and valiant Soldier, and well Experienced in Military Discipline, yea of so great Importance, that more rollerable it were for all the Officers of the Company [were it the Captain himself] to be unskilled men and of little experience, rather than the Sergeant, who of necessity ought to be an expert Soldiers and of great Spirit and Diligence. He is to rank the Soldiers as he shall think good not suffering them to contend or fall out among themselves, for the Front or best places. The Corporal. As he is a degree above the private Soldier, so ought he in skill, that no man that is a Soldier, seek to come to preferment in any Office in the Field, except he know himself fit to discharge the same, or else he shall become a laughing Stock to others, and be contemned of all men, as he justly deserves, that taketh upon him more than he is able to perform. I might have written more at large of every Officer, but for brevity's sake, I have but only touched every one a part, so wishing all to take this is good part, not set forth for the well Experimented Soldier, but for such as yet have not tasted thereof. Good Admonitions for a Soldier. Having said somewhat concerning the conditions and qualities which are required in every several Officer of a private Company. Now let us see what manner of men are worthy the name of Soldiers. First, the Soldier of all men, aught to set the fear of God before his Eyes, to have a clear Conscience, and to be of honest Conversation, lest in running upon the Pike, he fall into Hell Fire. Secondly, he that loveth Right and Justice, is fit to be the defender of the same. Thirdly, he that pittyeth the Poor and Afflicted, is a meet man to sucker his Country, and Town, against the violence of Oppressors. Fourthly, he that tendereth the Widow and Fatherless, he that delighteth to see Virtue flourish in his Country, Honour advanced, Faith and Equity to abide in every Fellowship. Fiftly, he that hateth Covetousness, Theft, Extortion, Murder, Fornication, Idleness, and Drunkenness, these and such like men, are fit to be, and bore the name of Soldiers, or Martialists. For the first foundation and use of Arms, was erected of necessity, to restrain and repress the disorders of Lude and Wicked men, and to settle and establish Peace and Justice upon Earth. So then as the Armed Host is the remedy to chastise and repress the offences of others. It is therefore convenient that the same Host be free from the like offences, and every Vice in a Soldier ought to be strongly Bridled and Punished with extremity. Because I am of opinion, that there be many who will be desirous to know the manner, how to draw up Companies, and placing them in Battle rank, this being a most difficile and pleasant piece of all the Exercise, I have now for their contentment and satisfaction, set down in a Table under their view, divers sorts and fashions of this kind, out of the which they may be able easily by their own Industry, according to the occurrences to frame other forms, as the number of the Companies and the occasions that they shall find, shall permit. military diagram A Company presenting to all quarters, being 200.100. Pikes, 100 Musquetiers. military diagram The Company brought up in battle, for the exercising. military diagram military diagram A Company drawn up with the Pikes upon the right hand. 200 men. The order. how a Company should march of 200 men, 100 Pikes, and 100 Muskets. military diagram military diagram A Company drawn up and winged upon both the wings with Musquetiers. 200 men. military diagram This Company having their Musquetiers upon, the left wing, hath now doubled the right division of Pikes 200 men. military diagram A Company drawn up with the Musquetiers in the front. military diagram Hear the rear division of Pikes, hath doubled the front division of Musquetiers to the right hand. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a bandolier and a gun or musket 1 Put on your Bandeliers. Sold by john Overton at the white horse withouts Newgate Take up the Bandeliers in the right hand hold them in the hollow between the thumb and for finger, then clearing your boxes from tangling with your left hand, put your elbow through the bandeloir and bring your right hand over your head, takeing your hat in the left and leave the bandeleir on your left shoulder. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 2 Take up your Rest Take your Rest in the Right hand at the foot and then take it in the left about the middle then with the right hand take it at the 〈◊〉 and put your left hand through the string and hold the Rest with the left hand engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 3 Take up your Match Take up the Match at the middle with your thumb and forefinger of the left hand, then with your thumb and second finger of the Right hand place one end of the match between the great and Ring finger and the other and between the Ring and little finger of the left hand and So let the middle hand down. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 4 Handle your Musket Standing at the But end of your Musket with your right foot, the left somewhat advanced and the knee bend) which is the general proper stand of a Musket ●●●●ue a large step with your right leg their stooping down yet bearing up your head, with your right hand gripe the Musket, and so raising up your body fall back 〈…〉 engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 5 Order your Musket Being come to your first stand hold your Musket barrellm your hand about the height of your shoulder with the But end on the ground, In your left hand hold the Rest a little below the fork, the Pike end on the ground engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 6 Give your Rest to your Musket Sink down your right hand not bowing your body, then gripe your musket and lift it up the bring about the left hand with the rest and join it to your musket on the out side, holding your thumb hard against the fork of the Rest and so carry both musket and Rest in the left hand only engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 7 Open your Pann In the joying of your musket and Rest together, fall back with your right leg to your-proper stand, then hold the thumb of the Right hand be hand the seutchian of the Pan, and with your two former ʳ 〈…〉 engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 8 Clear your Pann Bring up your musket with the left hand only, towards your mouth and blow your Pan stiffly, not stooping upon any terms, and in the mean time with your right hand take engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 9 Prime your Pan Hold your touch box between the thumb and fore finger of the right hand only and so Prime as in the figure. 10 Shut your Pan Lay the right thumb over the barrel near the Pan, and with your two foremost fingers shut the Pan. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 11 Cast of your: lose Powder Hold your musket fast with the right hand at the breech, the left as before turneing the Pan down wards that the lose powder may fall of. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 12 Blow of your lose Powder. Hold your musket in both hands as before, bear it up towards your mouth, not stooping blow of the lose powder. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 13 Cast about your Musket Hold your musket in both hands as before bear it right up towards your left side and with all step forwards the right leg then holding the musket only in the right hand at the breech forsake the Rest. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 14 Trail your Rest Having forsaken your rest take the Musket into the left hand about the middle of the barrel so as the butt end touch not the ground trailing your rest between your musket and your body engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 15 Open your charge. Take your charge in your right hand: with the thumb and forefinger thereof thrust of the cover engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 16 Charge with Powder. Put bacl your left hand with the musket as fare as conveniently you can, and with your right hand turn the powder into the muzell of the barrel holding the charge between your thumb & forefinger only as in the figure. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 17 charge with Bullet Take your Bullet forth of your bag or out of your mouth and put it into the muzell of your musket. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 18 Draw forth your scouring sticken With your right hand (the palm turned from your) draw forth your scouringstick beareing your body & your left hand with your musket so far back as you cann engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 19 Shorten your scouring stick Having drawn forth your scouring stick set the Rammer head against your breast and slip your hand close to your Rammer that you may the easier put it into the muzell. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 20 Ram Home. Put your scouring stick down into your musket and Ram home hard twice or thrice. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 21 Withdraw your scouring stick With your right hand turned draw your scouring stick out of your musket as before. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 22 〈…〉 sticken Your scouring stick being drawn forth of the barrel turn it and bring the scouring stick end to your breast & so slip your hand within an hand full of the end. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 23 Return your scouring stick Put the scouring stick to his place from whence you had it engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 24 Recover your Musket. Bring forward your musket with your left hand and bear it right up Take it into the right hand at the breech and so hold it in the right hand only. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 25 Poise your Musket and recover your Rest: Fall bacl with your right leg to your first stand hold your musket in the right hand at the breech and recover your rest in your lest hand holding it just under the fork. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 26 Give your Rest to your Musket. Bring up your left hand with the rest towards your right side near your musket and so sink your musket & hold it with the rest in the left hand only, the rest being one the out side of the musket. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 27 Draw forth your Match Take your match from between your little finger with ye. thumb and the second finger of your right hand being turned with the Palm from you. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 28 Blow your Colen Bring the right hand with the match backward and your left hand with the musket and rest forward, turning your face some what backward blow your match stiff engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 29 Cock your Match. Holding your match between your thumband second finger bring it to the cock, and press it into the cock with the thumb engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 30 Try your Match. Your thumb and forefinger being upon the cock and the second and third finger under the cock, pull the cock to the Pan and with the finger either raiseor sinkethe match engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 31 Guard & blow. Lay the two forefingers of the right hand upon the pan, the thumb behind the seutchion of the pan the easier to lift up the musket, and so raising up the muskel with both hands blow 〈…〉 in the in posture. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 32 Open your Pan with the two forefingers of the right hand open the Pan as in the 7 posture engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 33 Present. Remove yonr. right hand to the thumb hole your second finger to the tricker— with your left hand fix the fork of the Rest to your musket and your thumb against the fork, and the pike end of the rest on the ground. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 34 Give Fire lift up your right elbow and place the but end of your musket within your shoulder near your breast, the small end appearing a little above yove shoulder standing with the left leg foremost and the knee bend and the right leg standing stiff engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 35 Dismount your Musket Bring your musket and rest to your right side and carry both in the left hand only engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 36 Vncocke your Match Take the match from the cock with the thumb and second finger of your right hand holding the musket and rest in the left hand only. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 37 Return your Match. Put the match between the two lesser fingers of the left hand from whence you had it. Note from henc forward you may Prime & charge as before from the 8 posture and so forward as in the 25 posture engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 38 Shoulder your Musket. Having your musket poized hold your rest an handful under the fork, then bring your musket before your body and your rest crossover it behind the thumb hole, and so with both hands lay it gently on your shoulder having the rest cross your body and withal bring your right leg up to your left, then fall back again with your right leg. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 39 March with your rest in your right hand. First take the match from the left hand between the fingers of the right hand, then take the string of the Rest from the left arm, and return the match between the fingers of the 〈…〉 engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 40 March and with your Musket carry your rest. First shift the match as in the former direction, than put the string of the Rest over the left arm and the rest in the hand and so return the match and carry your rest as in the figure. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 41 Vnsholder your Musket. Bringing up your right leg to your left sink your musket and carry it right up and withal turn it, that the pike end of your Rest be towards your left side then take the Musket at the breech with your right hand and slip down your left with the rest engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 42 Poise your Musket. Hold the Musket right up in the right hand on your right side raise your left hand to the fork of your rest, and set your thumb against the fork as in the figure. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 43 Rest your Musket. Bring up your left hand with the fork of the rest to the musket, and so let Musket and rest sink down together and fall bacl with your right leg to your proper stand. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 44 Draw out your Match. Take the match between the thumb and the seacond finger of the right hand as in the XXVII posture and with the thumb of your left hand hold the musket fast on the rest. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 45 Blow your Match. Bear your Musket and rest forrvard with the left hand, and your match backwand in them right, and blow as in the 28 posture. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 46 Cock your Match. Cock your macth as in the 29th Posturen engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 47 Try your Match. Try your match as in the 30th posture. engraving of a man, soldier, or musketeer with a gun or musket 48 The sentinel Posture. Hold the two forefingers of the right hand upon your pan, the thumb be: hind the scutchian ready upon all occasions engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 1 Handle your Pike. Standing at the but end of your Pike fall backward with your left foot, and with your right hand turned, take your Pike at the But end and bring your right hand up to your hip. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 2 Recover your Pike & Order. Bring your left foot before your right, and with your left hand take your Pike forwards bearing the butlend downward, and remove your right hand above your left engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 3 Order your Pike. Set the but end of your Pike near your right foot on the out side, holding it right up inyo ʳ right hand, about the height of your eye, and your arm a little Bending, and your right foot forward engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 4 Advance your Pike in three motions. The first Motion. with the right hand alone bring your Pike just before your body, bearing it directly right up, raising the but end from the ground, then take the Pike with your left hand about the height your girdle engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 5 the seacond Motion Forsake the Pike with your right hand and with the left hand alone raise up the Pike, that the But end be about the height of your thigh, then take the But end in your right hand, without stooping to it. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 6 the third Motion being Advanced Forsake the Pike with the left hand and with your right hand alone carry the Pike right up. locking the Pike between your shoulder and arm, your right hand holding the but end of the Pike about the height of your hip. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 7 Order your Pike in three motions. the first Motion. Sink your right hand a little, and with your left hand take the Pike as high as well you can reach and bring the Pike just before your Body. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 8 the 2d Motion Forsake the Pike with your right hand, and bring down the pike in your left hand that the but end be ne'er unto the ground, then with, your right hand take the pike about the height of your head. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 9 The 3d motion being ordered Forsak the Pike with your left hand, and with the right hand only set the but end on the ground, on the outside of your right foot as in the third Posture. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 10 Shoulder your Pike in 3 motions The first Motion Bring the Pike just before your body and raise the but end from the ground bearing it forward, then take it with your left hand a little beneath your right. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 11 The seacond Motion. Bring forward the Pike with your left hand, and take it in your right, reaching backward as far as well you may. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 12 The 2d motion being Sholdred Forsake your Pike with your left hand, and with the right only lay it upon your right shoulder, bearing the but end about a foot from the ground, holding your thumb under the Pike, the better to govern it, carrying the pike forward. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 13 Port your Pike in 3 motions. the first Motion. Bear your right hand with the pike back ward as far as well you can, with your left hand take the pike forward, & with. the right hand bear the pike op ward. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 14 The 2d Motion. Forsaking the Pike with the right hand east the point forward that the But end may conveniently be taken in the right hand. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 15 The 3d motion being Ported. Take the But end of the Pike in your right hand, holding it about your hip, and raising the pike with, your left hand about the hight of you breast carry the Pike directly before you your left foot forward. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 16 Charge your Pike Raise the right hand and stretch it backward, your left hand being at your breast, your left elbow against your hip engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 17 Advance your Pike. Bear down the butt end of the Pike with your right hand and raise the pike with the left, and so advance as in the 6 figure. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 18 Shoulder your: Pike in 3 Motions. The first motion. Sink your right hand, and with your left take the pike as high as well you can reach bringing the pike just before your body engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 19 The 2d motion. Forsake the butt end with your right hand bring forward your Pike in the left hand, and take the pike backward in the right hand as far as well you may reach. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 20 The 3d motion being Sholdred Forsake the Pike with the left hand, & with the right only lay it upon your shoulder oc: as in the 12 figure. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 21 Charge to the Rear in 3 motions. the first motion Bear the pike with yor. right hand backward, take it forward in your left hand as far as you may conveniently reach, bearing the pike with your right hand upward engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 22 The 3.d motion. Forsaking the Pike with your right hand. bear it over your head and at the same instant turn your body to the left hand that you may conveniently take the butt end of the: Pike in your right hand. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 23 the 3d motion being Charged. Having the butt end of the Pike in your right hand stretch your right arm back ward and set your left hand at your breast &c as in the 16 figure engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 24 Recover your Pike and Shoulder in 3 motions The first motion. Slip your left hand forward as far as well your may and lift the Pike upwards to your head & with the right hand bear the But end somewhat downward. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 25 The seacond motion. Forsakeing the Butend of the Pike with your right hand, bear up the Pike over your head with your left hand only and that instant turn your face to the right hand, and be ready with your right hand to take the Pike more Backward. 26 The 3 motion being Sholdred Having the Pike in the right hand forsake it with your left and with the right hand only, lay it on your shoulder, as in the 12 and 20 figurs. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 27 Order your Pike This is to be done in 3 motions as the contrary is shown in f. 9.10.11. figures Bear the Pike with the right hand backward, with your lest take it forward bearing the but end downward, then slip down your right hand a little above your lestand let the butend on the ground, as in the: 9 figure. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 28 Cheek your Pike the first Motion This is to be done by several palming postures, first with the right hand bear the butend of the Pike backward, as far as you ● can and so Contiew palming till y● come to the head of your Pike. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 29 The 2d motion being Cheeked With your left hand hold the Pike a little be low the head, your right hand more backward, as fare as the cheeks or arming reach, set your right hand upon your hip, your elbow stretched forth and your left hand more forward before your breast. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 30 Trail your Pike Remove your Right hand to your left, and in your right hand only carry your Pike, your hand Being upon your hip. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 31 Recover your Pike and Charge The first Palmeing motion This to be done by several Palming postures backward, Bring forward your right hand as far as well you can, and with the left hand gripe the pike Backward as far as you can. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 32 The 2d Palming motion Forsake the Pike with your: right hand, bring forward the Pike with the left and take it backward with the right; and so continue palming until you have the Butend of the pike in your Right hand engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 33 Charge your Pike. Stretch your right arm backward with the butt end of the Pike in your hand your left hand at your breast, and your elbow upon your hip & as in the 16 figure engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 34 Order at close Order. This is to be done in 3 motions first bearing the pike right up before the body and so forward as from the Advance in the 6.7. & 8 figures, only you must observe to set the butt end of the Pike at the in side of the right foot with is your close order. engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 35 Charge for horse and draw your sword The Butt end of your Pike resting agavist your right foot take it in your left hand about the height of your girdle and step forward with your left foot the knee bent lay your left arm upon your knee couching down low & draw your sword over your left, arm engraving of a man or soldier with a pike 36 Recover your Pike and put up your sword. Raise your body right up set your Pike against your right shoulder with. the left hand the but end being still upon the ground then put up your sword: