Printed for Robert Harford at the sign of the Angel in Cornhill    

ENGLISH MILITARY DISCIPLINE. OR, The Way and Method OF EXERCISING Horse & Foot.  
According to the Practice of this PRESENT TIME.  
WITH A TREATISE of all sorts of Arms and Engines of War; Of Fire-Works, Ensigns, and other Military Instruments, both Ancient and Modern.  
Enriched with many FIGURES.  
London, Printed for Robert Harford of the Angel in Cornhill, near the Royal Exchange 1680.   

To the Right Worshipful Sir IONAS MOOR Knight, Surveyor General of His Majesty's Ordnance and Armouries.  
Honoured Sir,  
BE pleased to accept the Patronage of these few Sheets; which as they contain a Treatise of Arms, etc. can no where more securely shelter themselves than under the Banner of Your Protection: For being cherished by Your Allowance, the World may well imagine that there is something more than ordinary comprehended in them which may merit a serious Reading and a generous Practice; especially at such a time, as this, for Warlike Preparation.   

The Epistle Dedicatory.  
I must confess the Trust You have, deserves far Nobler Presents of this nature than what here I make. Nor am I ignorant how far my Presumption has carried me in this attempt. In excuse whereof, I have only, with Your kind Permission to plead the Encouragement of Your continual Favours, and Advantagions Obligations to a Young Beginner; of which should I be once ingratefully forgetful, when the least Mite of Opportunity offers, I should incur a crime that would deprive me of one of the chiefest happinesses whereto I aspire; which is to acknowledge myself Sir  
Your most Obedient and most Obliged Servant R. H.   

The Contents:  

AN Elegy on the Profession of Arms, and the Original of true Nobility. p 1.   

The First Book.  
CHAP. I. Of Sharp-Weapons. 

SEct. 1. Of the Sword p. 9  
Sect. 2. Of the Shable and Scimitar, p. 12.  
Sect. 3. Of the Bayonet and Poniard, or Dagger p. 13.  
Sect. 4. Of the Espadon or Two-handed Sword, p. 14.    
CHAP. II. Of Fire-Arms. 

SEct. 1. Of the Musket p. 15.  
Sect. 2. Of the Fusil or Firelock p. 19  
Sect. 3, Of the Musket p. 20.  
Sect. 4. Of the Pistol p. 20.  
Sect. 5. Of Carabines p. 21.    
Of Staff-Arms. 

Sect. 1. Of the Pike p. 24.  
Sect. 2. Of Spoutons or Half-Pikes p. 26.  
Sect. 3. Of the Partisan p. 27.  
Sect. 4. Of the Halberd p. 28.  
Sect. 5. Of Sythes, Forks, Axes, and Clubs or Macesibid.  
Sect. 6. Of the Quarterstaff, with a Pike at each end p. 30.    
CHAP. IU. Of the Arms of the Ancients. 

SEct. 1. Of Swards, Shables, and Cutlasses p. 31.  
Sect. 2. Of the Pike p. 33.  
Sect. 3. Of the Lance p. 35.  
Sect. 4. Of the Javelot or Dart p. 35.  
Sect. 5. Of the Sling p. 38.  
Sect. 6. Of Bows and Arrows p. 39  
Sect. 7. Of Crossbows. p. 40.    
CHAP. V. Of Defensive Arms. 

SEct. 1. p. 42.  
Sect. 2. Of the Coat of Mail p. 44.  
Sect. 3. Of the Buffcoat p. 45.  
Sect. 4. Of Casks or Headpieces p. 46.  
Sect. 5. Of Cuirasses p. 47.  
Sect. 6. Of Bucklers and Shields p. 49.     

The Second Book OF Powder and Artificial Fires.  
CHAP. I. Of Powder p. 53.   

CHAP. II. Of a Mine. p. 56.   

CHAP. III. Of Artificial Fire-Works. 

SEct. 1. Of the Fuse p. 59  
Sect. 2. Of the Sulphur Match p. 60.  
Sect. 3. How to make the Quick Matchibid.  
Sect. 4. How to prepare the Matter of Fire-Rockets p. 61.  
Sect. 5. How to charge Fire-balls p. 62.  
Sect. 6. How to make a Fire-Lance p. 62.  
Sect. 7. How to make Tourteaus, to show Light or Port Lights p. 64.  
Sect. 8. Of Burning Faggots p. 64.  
Sect. 9 Of Fire-Hoops p. 65.  
Sect. 10. How to charge Granades p. 66.  
Sect. 11. How to make Artificial Fireworks that burn under Wateribid.  
Sect. 12. Of Provision for Artificial Fire-Works p. 67.    
CHAP. IU. Of the Roman Fire-Works. p. 68   

The Third Book  
Of War-Engines. p. 71.   

CHAP. I. Of the Casting and Framing of Pieces of Artillery. p. 72.   

CHAP. II. Of a Canon, its Carriage, its Utensils and Service. p. 74. 

SEct. 1. Of a Canon p. 74.  
Sect. 2. Of the Charge of a Piece p. 76.  
Sect. 3. How to Level or bring a Gun to pass p. 76.  
Sect. 4. Of the Ammunition and Utensils of a Canon p. 77.  
Sect. 5. Of the Carriage of a Gun p. 79.    
CHAP. III. Of Pieces of Calibre or Size. 

SEct. 1. Of the Canon p. 80.  
Sect. 2. Of the Culverin p. 81.  
Sect. 3. Of the Bastard Canon p. 81.  
Sect. 4. Of the Minion p. 82.  
Sect. 5. Of the Falcon p. 82.  
Sect. 6. Of the Fauconet p. 83.  
Sect. 7. Of the Effect and Execution of the Canon p. 84.  
Sect. 8. The way of Nailing up a Canon p. 85.    
CHAP. IU. Of Mortar— Pieces, Arquebusses a Crock, Bombes, Bullets, the Carcase, etc. p. 86. 

SEct. 1. Of Stone-Guns p. 86.  
Sect. 2. Of the Arquebuss a Crock p. 87.  
Sect. 3. Of Mortarpieces p. 87.  
Sect. 4. Of Bombes p. 88  
Sect. 5. Of the Carcase p. 90.  
Sect. 6. Of the Granades p. 91.  
Sect. 7. Of Hollow Bullets p. 92.  
Sect. 8. Of Red Bullets p. 93.  
Sect. 9 Of Cartouches p. 93.    
CHAP V. Of Petards, and of the Way how they are to be used p. 94. 

Sect. 1. Of Petards p. 94.  
Sect. 2. Of the Arrow and Flying Bridge p. 97.  
Sect. 3. Of the way of using and applying a Petard p. 98.  
Sect. 4. Of Tortoises p. 101.    
CHAP. VI Of the Warlike Engines of the Romans. p. 102. 

SEct. 1. Of Machine's or Engines in General p. 102.  
Sect. 2. Of the Tortoise or Testudo p. 103.  
Sect. 3. Of Ladders p. 105.  
Sect. 4. Of Bulwarks p. 106.  
Sect. 5. Of Towers p. 107.  
Sect. 6. Of the Battering Ram p. 108.  
Sect. 7. Of Counter-Engines p. 109.     

The Fourth Book Of Ensigns, Trumpets, and other Instruments of War, p. III.  
CHAP. I. Of Ensigns p. 112. 

SEct. 1. Of the Oriflamme p. 115.  
Sect. 2. Of the Goufanon p. 118.  
Sect. 3. Of the Banner and Penon p. 118.  
Sect. 4. Of Banderolls, Panonceaux, and Faillions p. 119.    
CHAP. II. Of the Roman Ensigns, p. 121.  
CHAP. III. Of Trumpets, Drums, and other Instruments of War; 

p. 123.    
CHAP. IU. Of the Instruments of War used by the Romans, p. 125. 

A Particular Chapter of the Arms which are at present in use as well among the French as other Nations p. 128.  
Of the Arms of the French Cavalry p. 129.  
Of the Arms of the French Infantry p. 131.  
Of the Spanish Cavalry p. 133.  
Of the Spanish Foot p. 133.  
Of the English Forces p. 134.  
Of the Germane Forces p. 134.  
Of Hungarian Forces p. 135.  
Of Polonian Troops p. 135  
Of the Turkish Cavalry p. 136.  
Of the Turkish Infantry p. 136.  
Of the Persians, Moors, and Arabians p. 136.  
Of the Arms of the Ancient French Militia, and first of the Infantry p. 137.  
Of the Cavalry p. 139.  
Of the Cavalry under Henry the Fourth, and Lowis the Thirteenth p. 141.      

The Author's Design.  
IN the Profession of War there are Three things only requisite, Men, Arms, and Fortifications. So many able Men hath already treated of Fortifications, that I thought it would be to no purpose to speak on that Subject, unless I intended to be an Echo, and repeat what others have already said. I have spoken of Men lately in a Book, which I called, The Art of War; but if I mistake not, no Man hath hitherto treated of Arms. And therefore that these Three Parts may be complete, I thought fit to publish this little Treatise, wherein I shall explain as clearly, and in as few words as possibly I can, the use of all Arms, which are at present to be found in Armies, as well as of those that were heretofore in use among the Romans.   

AN ADVERTISEMENT  
FOr the better understanding of all that is said in this Treatise concerning Arms; you must know (Reader) that the French Pound contains two Marks, the Mark Eight Ounces, the Ounce Eight Gros or Drams, the Dram three Deniers, and the Denier Twenty four Grains.  
The Fathom contains six Foot, the Foot twelve Inches, and the Inch twelve Lignes.  
The Cubit of the Ancients consisted of two Hands and three Finger's breadth.  
The Hand of twelve Fingers breadth, and the Finger's breadth of eight Lignes.  
The Talon weighs Threescore Pounds, the Roman Pound ●●●tains twelve Ounces, the Ounce, eight Drams, the Dram three Scruples, the Scruple six Siliques, and the Silique one Grain.  
The small Sexterce weighed Twenty four Pounds.   

The English MILITARY Discipline.  

Of the Exercising of the FOOT.  
WHen a Body of Men are drawn up to Exercise, the distance of their Ranks must be at Six Foot, and their Files at Three Foot, that they may have liberty to use their Arms.  
The Officers of the Body (he only excepted that is to give the Words of Command) are to draw off to the Right and Left, forming a Rank on each Wing, opposite the one to the other.  
The Officer Commanding is to place himself before the middle of the Pikes, about ten Foot distance from them, the better to observe what is done, and to be the more easily understood by the whole Body.  
The Words of Command must be given leisurely, that the Soldiers may perform their Postures without confusion.  
The Officer must first command Silence, and then proceed (as followeth) to the  

Exercise of the Musket.  

SHoulder your Musket.  
Lay your Right Hand on your Musket.  
Poise your Musket.  
Rest your Musket.  
Handle your Match.  
Cock and try your Match.  
Guard your Pan.  
Blow your Match.  
Open your Pan.  
Present.  
Give Fire.  
Recover your Arms.  
Return your Match.  
Clean your Pan with your Thumb.  
Handle your Primer.  
Prime your Pan.  
Shut your Pan with a full Hand.  
Blow off your loose Corns.  
Cast about to Charge.  
Handle your Charger.  
Open it with your Teeth.  
Charge with Powder.  
Draw forth your Scowrer.  
Shorten it to an Inch against your right Breast.  
Charge with Bullet.  
Ram down Powder and Ball.  
Withdraw your Scowrer.  
Shorten it to a Handful.  
Return your Scowrer.  
Poise your Musket.  
Shoulder your Musket.  
Order your Musket.    

Exercise of the Pikes.  

ADvance your Pikes.  
Charge to the Front.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right about.  
To the Left about as you were.  
Charge to the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left about.  
To the Right about as you were.  
Advance your Pikes.  
From Advance, shoulder your Pikes.  
From Shoulder, Charge to the Front.  
Shoulder as you were.  
From your Shoulder, Charge to the Right.  
Shoulder as you were.  
Charge to the Right about.  
Shoulder as you were.  
Charge to the Left.  
Shoulder as you were.  
To the Left about.  
Shoulder as you were.  
From your Shoulder, Port.  
From your Port, Comport.  
From your Comport, Charge to the Front.  
From your Charge, Trail, Facing to the Right about.  
Charge as you were.  
Advance your Pikes.    

Exercise of the Musket and Pike together.  
SHoulder your Musket.  
Musquetteers make ready.  
At which time the Musquetteers must leisurely and distinctly perform every particular Posture of the Musket together.  
The Musquetteers being ready, the Pikes are to Charge as the Musquetteers are Faced.  

To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right about.  
To the Left about as you were.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left about.  
To the Right about as you were.  
Advance your Pikes.  
Return your Matches.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
Order your Arms.  
Pikes to your Inside Order.  
Lay down your Arms.   
Which Posture is to be performed with their left Legs, and stooping all together, their Arms being upon the Ground, they must take care to Rise all together, every one observing his Right-hand Man, at the Word of Command.  

Quit your Arms.  
Face all to the Right about.  
March clear of your Arms.  
To the Left about to your Leader.  
March to your Arms.  
Handle your Arms.   
Which must be done stepping forward with their Left-legs, and stooping, laying their Hands upon their Arms, expecting the Word of Command.  

Order your Arms.  
Pikes, to your Outside Order.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Advance your Pikes.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
Muskets, March.   
This way of Exercise is not altogether the same with what hath been hitherto in use, wherein it was thought fit to make some Alteration, by leaving out some Words as Superfluous, and Changing some of the Postures, for others that are of greater Use and Readiness.   

Closing and Openings.  

Ranks, Close forward to Order.  
Ranks, Close forward to Close Order. March.  
Ranks, open backwards to Order.  
March.  
Ranks, open backwards to open Order. March.  
Ranks, open backwards to double Distance. March.  
The Ranks fall back without changing Aspect.  
Files, Close to the Right.  
Files, Close to the Left.  
Files, Close to the Centre.  
Files, Open to the Right.  
Files, Open to the Left.  
Files, Open from the Centre.   
For performing of which, the Body Faces to the Hand named, and moveth. If to the Right, the Second File from the Right first takes its Distance by moving slower than its Leader. The rest of the Files do the like successively, and the Lefthand File moves not at all.   

Doubling.  

Ranks, to the Right-hand Double.  
March.  
Ranks, to the Lefthand as you were.  
March.  
Ranks, to the Lefthand Double.  
March.  
Ranks, to the Right-hand as you were.  
March.   
The Ranks that Double are to observe their Right-hand Man, to move at the same time with him: They begin their Motion with the Foot next the Hand named, and are to come into their Places at Three Steps. In this Doubling, the Even Ranks double into the Odd; and if you would have the Odd Ranks also double, Face the Body to the Rear, and the same Words of Command will perform it.   

To Reduce the Ranks.  
The Ranks that Doubled, are first to Face to the contrary Hand, then beginning with the contrary Foot, at Three Steps to come into their former Ground. Files Doubling is performed in the same manner, and is the same thing with the Reduction of Doubled Ranks: The Reduction of Doubled Files is the same thing with Doubling Ranks.   

Doubling of Half-Files with the Reduction.  

Rear Half-Files to the Right, double your Front.  
March.  
To the Left about as you were.  
March.  
Rear Half-Files to the Left, double your Front.  
March.  
To the Right about as you were.   
March. If you do it upon a March, let your Rear Half-Files move into the Front with a quicker Motion; the Front Half-Files still continuing theirs. And for Reduction, let the Rear Half-Files, without Facing about, stand till the Front Half-Files have passed them, and then fall after their proper Leaders.   

Firings by Two Ranks Advanced.  
THe Commander in Chief gives no Command nor Direction besides, 

Make Ready.  
Present.  
Give Fire.   And the First of these he uses but once.  
The Soldiers are to be Instructed and Minded by Subaltern Officers, that when the Two first Ranks make Ready and Advance forward; The Body of the Musquettiers is to make good the Front of Pikes, and the Two next Ranks Unshoulder and make Ready, without any Word of Command; And when the last Rank Presents, or both; if both Fire together, to Advance; and this also without any Word of Command. If the Ranks be at Six Foot, they are also at their Advancing, to close forward to Three Foot, without any Word of Command.  
If you Fire by single Ranks, the First presents at three Motions, beginning with his Left-foot, which as he Advances, he Blows his Match: At advancing his Right, he opens his Pan, presenting at the Third Step. Afterwards they File into the Rear within Three Foot of the Body. Every Soldier is to be careful to place himself in his own File, which is also taken care of by the Officers in the Rear.   

Firing to the Flanks.  
TO the Right and Left, Present, falling off after your Bringers up. For this you leave Six Foot between your Divisions of Musquetteers and your Pikes; which the Officers must have a great care to keep open, by causing the Musquetteers to incline to the Right and Left after every Firing to the Flank; the Two outermost Files are to make Ready, keeping along with the Body, and not to Present, nor Face to the Flank, till ready; as soon as they have Fired, they 
A Soldier on his Guard.   depiction of swords 
The Efpadon or two Handed Sword.  
The Shable.  
The Scimitar  
The Bayonet.  
The Poniard.  Face to the Rear, and are by an Officer led athwart it, and so up between their own Division and the Pikes. As soon as the Outermost Files face to the Flanks, the Two next Files are to make ready without any Word of Command, and keep along with the Body, till the Outermost Files be Wheeled clear off them. The Files that Fire to the Left, are to Blow, Advancing with their right Leg.   

Firing to the Rear.  
LAst Rank make ready. To the Rear present. The last Rank makes ready, keeping along with the Body; the Musquetteers Advancing with their right Legs, Blow, Advancing with the left; Open their Pans, then turning upon the Ball of their left Foot to the right about; cast their right Leg backward, and Fire then immediately at a good round rate; within Three Foot of their Body March up into the Front. As soon as the last Rank faces about to Present, every other Rank of Musquetteers falls back to the Rank of Pikes that marched behind it, so to keep the Rear full, and leave a Vacancy of one Rank in the Front of the Musquetteers, for the Rank that fired to place itself.  
The Word, Make Ready, is made use of but once; afterwards when the last Rank faces about, the next to it is to make ready, keeping along with the Body.   

Firing the Street-way.  
WE that have fewer Pikes, should cause the Half Files of Pikes to double, that they may Cover the Musquetteers.  
The Colours and Drums are to be between the Pikes and Musquetteers; the Captains with the Pikes, and the Lieutenants with the Musquetteers.  
Lieutenants or Sergeants cause the two first Ranks of the Musquetteers to Face to the Right or Left, and make ready; then Two and Two to File up to the Front, and March athwart it; then to Present. The Pikes ought to be Charged, and the Musquetteers to stoop very low, and be careful to carry the Muzzles of their Muskets low: When they have Fired, they pass away, still stooping to the contrary Flank; and within three Foot of it, into the Rear of the Musquetteers. As they move away by the left Flank, the next by the right succeed them. If the Horse give you time, let the Pikes Port or Advance to ease themselves. That you may always reserve some Fire, it is best to fire but one Rank at a time; as soon as that Wheels off, the Second steps into its place, and a Third Rank comes in between it and the Pikes. If the Street you are to defend be very broad, you must of necessity make an Interval, besides those on the Flanks, wide enough for Two Men Abreast, One to March up, the other down; for otherwise the long Intermission between the Firings, will give the Horse opportunity to Attaque you. The Musquetteers in presenting are to fall back with their right Legs, and by no means to Advance.   

Swedes Way.  
Rear Half-Files of Musquetteers to the Right or Left, Double your Front; Then divide them into equal Subdivisions to Rank even with the Front of the hinder-most; the Rear of the hinder-most with the Front, one Half Advancing Interchangeably. Great Care is to be taken that they return well their Rammers, lest they hurt those that stand before them: Presenting either all Three Ranks, or Two only, and One standing Guarded; they which have Fired rise up, and make ready on their Ground, and the Rear Subdivisions passing through the Intervals, fire in like manner.  
The Intervals to be very little wider than to permit passage to the Subdivision of the Rear. They are also to fall back with their right Legs, without Advancing.  
Swords of all Sorts.   

Reduction.  

MUsquetteers to the Right about.  
March all till even with your Rear of Pikes.  
To the Left about all.  
Front Half-Files; March till even with your Front of Pikes.    

A Solid Square.  
TO draw a Solid Square, make it first Equal on all Sides by the Square Root, than Girdle it with Shot, which is speedily performed by these Words of Command, 

Rear Half-Files of Shot, to the Right about.  
Musquetteers March all till clear of the Pikes.  
Face Inwards, and March till you Close in the Centre.  
Musquetteers that are Clear of Front and Rear, Wheel into the Flanks.     

Reduction.  
MUsquetteers that Wheeled into the Flanks, Wheel into Front and Rear: Face all Outwards, and March till clear of the Pikes, than Face in Opposition and Close.   

To make a Square.  
PIkes, Face to your Four Angles.  
The Intervals between the Half Ranks and Half Files divide the Body into Four Parts; if there be an odd File it Faces with the Right Half Ranks.  
To your proper Front.  
In all Face, the Soldiers are to keep their left Foot fixed, turning round on the Ball of it, and bringing about their right.  
The Armiture of a Musketeer presenting to fire.   depiction of guns 
The Musket.  
The Fire Lock  
Double headed shot.   

To make a Hollow Square.  


LEt the Three outermost Files of Pikes of each Flank stand.  
Rear Half Files, to the Right-hand about.  
Front and Rear Half-Files. March.  
Flanks of Pikes Face inwards.  
March.  
Rear Half-Files of Musquetteers to the Right-hand about.  
Musquetteers, March All till clear of the Pikes.  
Musquetteers, Face Inwards and March till you Close in the Centre of the Pikes.   Musquetteers that are clear of your Pikes, Face in Opposition, and Flank your Pikes.   

Reduction.  

MUsquetteers that Flank the Pikes, Wheel into Front and Rear.  
Musquetteers Face to the Right and Left outwards, and March till clear of your Pikes, than Face inwards and Close.  
Pikes of the Flanks, Face outward, and March till clear of the Front and Rear Half-Files.  
Front and Rear Half-Files, Face inwards and Close.   
For greater Expedition, the Words of Command may be given at the same time to Pikes and Musquetteers by Two Officers.   

Of Marching.  
In Marching, the Officers are to Observe that the Ranks be at Twelve Foot distance, and that the Files be closed Shoulder to Shoulder; unless when a Battalion marches in a Body, in which case the Files must keep such a distance, that they may have the Liberty of their Arms.  
The Soldiers must always begin to March with their Right-foot first, which is Observed to conduce most to keep the Ranks even.  
The Captains are to March with their Pikes shouldered; a Lieutenant to March with a Patizan; and an Ensign to March with his Pike Comported, which is to be the Distinction between the Captains and other Officers.  
Sergeants have no Place assigned them in Marching, but are to be moving up and down, to observe that the Ranks and Files be at their due Distance.   

Of Drawing up a Body of Men, and the Place of the Officers.  
WHen a Regiment is to be drawn up, the easiest and readiest way of placing the Companies is, that the Eldest Company Draw up on the Right-hand, and the Second Company on the Left, the Third next to the First, the Fourth next to the Second, and so consequently to the Youngest, which is to be in the Centre; for which the Words of Command are; 

Musquetteers, to the Right and Left outwards.  
Pikes, to the Right and Left inwards.  
Interchange Ground.  
March.    
When a Regiment hath so taken its Ground, to place the Officers, you must divide the Lieutenants, equally placing one Half at the Head of the Right Wing of Shot, and the other at the Left: The Ensigns are to be at the Head of the Pikes, upon the same Line with the Lieutenants and each of them at Four Foot distance from the Body.  
The Captains are likewise to be divided equally, and placed on each Wing Four Foot before the Lieutenants: None must stand before the Ensigns, but he only that Commands in Chief, he is to be Ten Foot before the Pikes; There must be a Sergeant placed at the Right and Left of every Rank, and the rest of the Sergeants are to be in the Rear, at Twelve Foot distance from the Boly, making a Parallel Line to the last Rank.  
The Drums must be Divided likewise, one Half on the Right Wing, and the other on the Left, and are to stand on the same Line with the First Rank of the Soldiers.  
It is to be understood, that this way of placing the Officers, is one●y for ordinary Drawings out, either or Musters or Parades; For upon any occasion of Service, they are to be otherwise placed, as shall be shown hereafter.  
But if the Regiments march in a Body, this Order of the Officers must be changed; for then the Lieutenants are to be removed from the Front to the Rear, the rest of the Officers keeping still their same Post: and the Sergeants that were in the Rear, must be moving up and down, to see that the Ranks and Files March according to the Rules above given.  
And if the Regiment March in Division, the difference is yet greater; for than one Half of the Captains are to March at the Head of the First Division of Shot, and the other in the Rear of the Last Division: One half of the Lieutenant's likewise are to be in the Rear of the First Division of Shot, and the other at the Head of the Last. The Ensigns are to March before the Pikes, and no other Officer at their Head.  
The Armature of a French Trooper.   depiction of guns 
The Musqueteer  
The Pistol.  
The Carabine.  
The Armature of a Pike man on his Guard.   depiction of pikes and spears 
The Pike.  
The half Pike.  
The Quarter Staff.  
The Halberd.  
The Partisan.  
The Officers in Marching are to Observe the same Distance from the Body, as when they were drawn up.   

Of Salutes.  
WHen a Regiment is Drawn up, the Officers are to Salute one after another, as the Person passes by whom they are to Salute.  
If the Regiment March in Division, the Officer that Commands must begin first to Salute, and the Captains that March in a Rank just behind him, must not Salute till he hath done, and then they must Observe All One Motion; The Lieutenants likewise when they Salute, must keep the same time, as also the Ensigns; which is much more Graceful than doing it one after another.  
The Ensigns must further Observe in their Salutes, to bring their Colours all the same way, otherwise they will be apt to Meet and Entangle.  
In making a Guard when the King or Queen passes by, the Pikes must be Advanced; Otherwise only the Drums Beat, the Musquetteers are Shouldered, and the Pikes Ordered.  
When the King or General comes, in the Rear, the Colours or Officers are not to March through the Ranks, but to keep still at the Front. If it be in the Field, and the whole Army Drawn up, then as the King Marches by, every Battalion is to Charge their Pikes, and rest their Muskets; which is a Posture of more Guard.   depiction of pikes and spears 
The Pensioners Halberd  
The Hungarian Partisan.  
The Battle Axe  
Partisans and Halberds according to the Swiss and Ancient Custom.  
Pole Axes   

Of Wheeling, when a Body Marches in Division.  
When the Word of Command is given to Wheel (if it be to the Right) the Right hand Man is to keep his Ground, and only turn upon his Heel; whilst at the same time, the Lefthand Man moves about quick, till the Officer bids him stand.  
The Second Rank doth not begin to Wheel till they have taken the Ground of the First; so every Rank is to take the Ground of that which is before them: upon which depends this way of Wheeling.    

Of the Exercise of HORSE.  
THE Exercise of the Horse consisting in fewer Words of Command than that of the Foot, is more generally known, and there is little need of any Alteration to be made therein, but what is rather for Show than Use.  
When a Troop or Squadron are to Exercise, they must first have Charged their Carabins and Pistols; and when the Corporals have been thorough the Ranks, and seen that they are all ready, the Officer must Command Silence, and proceed as followeth. 

Lay your Hands upon your Swords.  
Draw your Swords.  
Put your Swords into your Bridle-hands.  
Lay your Hands upon your Pistols.  
Draw your Pistols.  
Cock your Pistols.  
Hold up your Hands.  
Give Fire.  
Return your Pistols.    
Note, after they have given Fire, they must still keep their Hands up, till the Word of Command be given to return their Pistols.  
The same Words of Command are given for the other Pistol, and then as followeth. 

Lay your Hands upon your Carabins.  
Advance your Carabins.  
Cock your Carabins.  
Present your Carabins.  
Give Fire.  
Let fall your Carabins.  
Take your Swords from your Bridle-hands.  
Return your Swords.    
All which Motions the Officer must take care to see done exactly at the same time, and therefore must not give the Words of Command too fast.  
When a Body of Horse is Drawn up, the Officers must stand close to their Men; only he that Commands must be a Horse length before the rest of the Officers: And they must Observe the same thing in Marching; for nothing is more unseemly, than to see the Officers at too great a Distance from their Men.  
It is thought necessary to make a Difference or Alteration in the manner of Wheeling of Horse: For, whereas formerly, when a Squadron of Horse was Commanded to Wheel, (if it were to the Right) the Right-hand Men closed to the Left; which way was found subject to put the Ranks out of Order: And therefore the Practice now is, That the Right-hand Men should keep their Ground, only turning their Horses-heads to the Right, whilst the Left comes about: In which Motion they must Observe their Lefthand Man.  
When a Squadron of Horse is to Charge another, it is better they should do it with their Swords drawn in their Hands, than either with their Pistols or Carabins.   

Advertisement.  
AS for the Way and Method of Conducting Armies, Encamping, Besieging, and giving of Battle; with the particular Duties and Functions of all the Officers of Horse and Foot, Artillery and Provisions, from the General of the Army, to the Private Soldier: I Refer you to a small Treatise called THE ART OF WAR, lately Printed for Robert Harford at the Angel in Cornhill; Where you will have it very Largely Explained.