Kalendarium Hortense: OR, THE GARD'NERS' ALMANAC, DIRECTING What he is to do Monthly throughout the Year. AND What Fruits and Flowers are in Prime. The second Edition, with many useful Additions. By JOHN EVELYN Esq Fellow of the Royal Society. Virg. Geo. 2. — Labour actus in orbem. LONDON, Printed by Io. Martin and ja. Allestry, Printers to the Royal Society, and are to be sold at their Shops in St. Paul's Churchyard. MDCLXVI. TO ABRAHAM COWLEY Esq Sir, THis Second Edition of my Hortulan Calendar is due to you, mindful of the honour you once conferred on it, when you were pleased to suspend your nobler Raptures, and think it worthy your transcribing. It appears now with some advantages which it then wanted; because it had not that of publishing to the World, how infinitely I magnify your contempt of (not to say) revenge upon it; whilst you still continue in the possession of your Self, and of that repose which few men understand, in exchange for those pretty miseries you have essayed: O the sweet Evenings and Mornings, and all the Day besides which are yours, — while Cowley's made The happy Tenant of the Shade! And the Sun in his Garden, gives him all he desires, and all that he would enjoy: the purity of visible Objects, and of true Nature before she was vitiated by Imposture or Luxury! You gather the first Roses of the Spring, and Apples of Autumn: Prim● vere rosam, atque autumno carpere poma. And as the Philosopher in Seneca, desired only Bread and Herbs to dispute felicity with jupiter; You vie happiness in a thousand easy, and sweet Diversions; not forgetting the innocent Toils which You cultivate; the Leisure and the Liberty, the Books, and Meditations, and above all, the learned and choice Friendships that you enjoy: Who would not, like You, Cacher sa vie? 'Twas the wise Impress of a Balzac, You give it lustre and interpretation: I swear to You, Sir, it is what in the World I most inwardly breathe after, and pursue, not to say that I envy Your felicity, delivered from the guilded impertinences of life, to enjoy the moments of a solid and pure Contentment; since those who know how usefully You employ this glorious Recess, must needs be forced either to imitate, or, as I do, to celebrate Your Example. I. EVELYN. INTRODUCTION TO THE CALENDAR. AS Paradise (though of Gods own Planting) Gen. 2.15. was no longer Paradise than the Man was put into it, to dress it and to keep it; so, nor will our Gardens (as near as we can contrive them to the resemblance of that blessed Abode) remain long in their perfection, unless they are also continually cultivated. But when we have so much celebrated the life and felicity of an excellent Gardener, as to think it preferable to all other diversions whatsoever; it is not because of the leisure which he enjoys above other men; ease and opportunity which ministers to vain and insignificant delights; such as Fools derive from sensual objects: We dare hardily pronounce it, there is not amongst Men a more laborious life than is that of a good gardeners; but because a labour full of tranquillity and satisfaction; Natural and Instructive, and such as (if any) contributes to Piety and Contemplation, Experience, Health, and Longaevity, munera nondum intellecta Deûm: In sum, a condition it is, furnished with the most innocent, laudable, and purest of earthly felicities, and such as does certainly make the nearest approaches to that Blessed state, where only they enjoy all things without pains; so as those who were led only by the light of Nature, because they could fancy none more glorious, thought it worthy of entertaining the Souls of their departed Heroes, and most illustrious of Mortals. But to return to the Labour, because there is nothing excellent which is to be attained without it: A Gard'ners' work is never at an end; It gins with the Year, and continues to the next: He prepares the Ground, and then he Sows it; after that he Plants, and then he gathers the Fruits; but in all the intermedial spaces, he is careful to dress it; so as Columella, speaking of this continual assiduity, tells us, A Gardener is not only to consider praetermissas duodecim horas, De R. R. li. ix. sed annum periisse, nisi sua quaque quod instat effecerit: Quare, necessaria est (says he) Menstrui cujusque officii monitio ea, quae pendet ex ratione syderum coeli: and the Poet, — tam sunt Arcturi Sydera nobis, Hoedorúmque dies servandi, & lucidus anguis; Quam quibus in patriam ventosa per aequora vectis Pontus, & Ostriferi fauces tentantur Abydi. Geor 1. All which duly weighed, how precious the time is, how praecipitous the occasion, how many things to be done in their just Season, and how intolerable a confusion will succeed the smallest neglect, after once a Ground is in order, we thought we should not attempt an unacceptable Work, if here we endeavoured to present our gardeners with a complete Cycle of what is requisite to be done throughout every Month of the Year: We say, each Month; because by dividing it into Parts so distinct, the Order in which they shall find each particular to be disposed, may not only render the work more facile and delightful; but redeem it from that extreme perplexity, which for want of a constant and uniform Method, we find does so universally distract the vulgar sort of Them: They know not (for the most part) the Seasons when things are to be done; and when at any time they come to know, there often falls out so many things to be done on the sudden, that some of them must of necessity be neglected for that whole Year, which is the greatest detriment to this Mystery, and frequently irrecoverable. We are yet far from imposing (by any thing we have here alleged concerning these Menstrual Periods) those nice and hypercritical Puntilloes which some Astrologers, and such as pursue their Rules, seem to oblige our gardeners to; as if, forsooth, all were lost, and our pains to no purpose, unless the Sowing and the Planting, the Cutting and the Pruning, were performed in such and such an exact minute of the Moon: Col. de R. R. l. 9 c. 364. In hac autem Ruris disciplina non desideratur ejusmodi scrupulositas. There are indeed some certain Seasons, and suspecta tempora, which the prudent Gardener ought carefully (as much as in him lies) to prevent: But as to the rest, let it suffice that he diligently follow the Observations which (by great Industry) we have collected together, and here present him, as so many Synoptical Tables calculated for his Monthly use, to the end he may pretermit nothing which is under his Inspection, and is necessary, or distract his Thoughts and Employment before the Seasons require it. And now, however This may seem but a Trifle to some who esteem Books by the bulk, not the benefit; let them forbear yet to despise these few ensuing Pages: For never was any thing of this pretence more fully and ingenuously imparted; I shall not say to the regret of all our Mercenary gardeners, because I have much obligation to some above that Epithet; M. Rose, Gardener to His Majesty, and lately at Essex-house to Her Grace the Duchess of Somerset; and M. Turner, formerly of Wimbleton in Surrey; who being certainly amongst the most expert of their Profession in England, are no less to be celebrated for their free communications to the Public, by divers Observations of theirs, which have furnished to this Design. And it is from the Result of very much Experience, and an extraordinary inclination to cherish so innocent and laudable a Diversion, and to incite an Affection in the Nobless of this Nation towards it, that I begin to open to them so many of the interior Secrets, and most precious Rules of this Mysterious Art, without Imposture, or invidious Reserve. The very Catalogue of Fruits and Flowers, for the Orchard and the Parterre, will gratify the most innocent of the Senses, and whoever else shall be to seek a rare and universal choice for his Plantation. Touching the Method, it is so obvious, that there needs no farther direction; and the Consequent will prove so certain, that a Work of the busiest pains is by this little Instrument rendered the most facile and agreeable, as by which you shall continually preserve your Garden in that perfection of beauty and lustre, without confusion or prejudice: Nor indeed could we think of a more comprehensive Expedient, whereby to assist the frail and torpent Memory through so multifarious and numerous an Employment (the daily subject of a Gardiner's care) then by the Oeconomy and Discipline which we have here consigned it to, and which our Industrious Gardener may himself be continually Improving from his own Observations and Experience. In the mean time, we have at the instance of very many Persons, who have been pleased to acknowledge the effects of a former less perfect Impression, thought good to publish this second Edition in a smaller Volume, that as an Enchiridion it may be the more ready and useful; but the Calendar might be considerably augmented, and recommend itself to a more Universal use, by taking in the Monthly Employments of all the parts of Agriculture, as they have been begun to us in Columella, Palladius, Col. de R. R. lib 11. c. 11. de Serres, Augustino Gallo, Vincenzo Tanara, Pall. lib. 1. Tit. 1. our Tusser, Markham, and others; especially if well and judiciously applied to the Climate and several Countries: but it were here besides our Institution, nor would the Pages contain them; what is yet found vacant has been purposely left, that our Gardener may supply as he finds cause; for which reason likewise we have ranged both the Fruits and Flowers in Prime after somewhat a promiscuous Order, and not after the letters of the Alphabet, that the Method might be pursued with the least disorder. Lastly, The Fruits and Flowers in Prime are to be as well considered in relation to their lasting and continuance, as to their maturity and beauty. J. E. Kalendarium Hortense. ♒ JANUARY Hath xxxj days, long— 8 h-0 ᵐ Sun rises 8 h-0 ᵐ Sets 4 h-0 ᵐ Note, that for the Rising and Setting of the Sun, and Length of the days, I compute from the first of every Month, London Lat. To be done In the Orchard, and Olitory-Garden. TRench the Ground, and make it ready for the Spring: prepare also Soil, and use it where you have occasion: Dig Borders, etc. uncover as yet Roots of Trees, where Ablaqueation is requisite. Plant Quicksets, and Transplant Fruit-trees, if not finished: Set Vines, and begin to prune the old: Prune the branches of Orchard-fruit-trees; especially the long planted, and that towards the decrease: but for such as are newly planted, they need not be disbranched till the Sap gins to stir, that so the wound may be healed with the scar, and stub, which our frosts do frequently leave: In this work cut off all the shoot of August, unless the nakedness of the place incline you to spare it: Consult my French Gardener part 1. sect. 3. for this is a most material Address: You may now begin to Nail, and trim your Wall-fruit, and Espaliers. Cleanse Trees of Moss, etc. the Wether moist. Gather Cyons for Graffs before the buds sprout; and about the later end, Graff them in the Stock, Pears, Cherries and Plums, and remove your Kirnel-stocks to more commodious distances in your Nursery, cutting off the top-root: Set Beans, Pease, etc. Sow also (if you please) for early Colly-flowers. Sow Chervil, Lettuce, Radish, and other (more delicate) Salletings; if you will raise in the Hot-bed. In over wet, or hard weather, cleanse, mend, sharpen and prepare Garden-tools. Turn up your Bee-hives, and sprinkle them with a little warm and sweet Wort; do it dextrously. Fruits in Prime, and yet lasting. Apples. KEntish-pepin, Russet-pepin, Golden-pepin, French-pepin, Kirton-pepin, Holland-pepin, john-apple, Winter-Queening, Marigold, Harvey-apple, Pome-water, Pomeroy, Golden-Doucet, Reineting, Lones-Pearmain, Winter-Pearmain, etc. Pears. Winter- Musk (bakes well) Winter- Norwich (excellently baked) Winter- Bergamot, Winter- Boncrestien, both Mural: the great Surrein, etc. ♒ JANUARY Hath xxxj. days, long— 8 h-0 ᵐ Sun rises 8 h-0 ᵐ Sets 4 h-0 ᵐ To be done In the Parterre, and Flower-Garden. SEt up your Traps for Vermin; especially in your Nurseries of Kernels and Stones, and amongst your Bulbous-roots: About the middle of this Month, plant your Anemony-roots, and Ranunculus', which you will be secure of, without covering, or farther trouble: Preserve from too great, and continuing Rains (if they happen) Snow, and Frost, your choicest Anemonies, and Ranunculus' sowed in September or October for earlier Flowers: Also your Carnations, and such Seeds as are in peril of being washed out, or over chilled and frozen; covering them under shelter, and striking off the Snow where it lies too weighty; for it certainly rots, and bursts your early-set Anemonies and Ranunculus', &c. unless planted now in the Hot-bed; for now is the Season, and they will flower even in London. Towards the end, earth-up, with fresh and light mould, the Roots of those Auriculas which the frosts may have uncovered; filling up the chinks about the sides of the Pots where your choicest are set: but they need not be housed; it is a hardy Plant. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting. WInter- Aconite, some Anemonies, Winter- Cyclamen, Black-will- Hellebor, Brumal-Hyacinth, Oriental-Iacinth, Levantine-Narcissus, Hepatica, Prim-roses, Laurus-tinus, Mezereon, Praecoce Tulips, etc. especially, if raised in the Hot-bed. Note, That both these Fruits, and Flowers, are more early, or tardy, both as to their prime Seasons of eating, and perfection of blowing, according as the Soil, and Situation are qualified by Nature, or Accident. Note also, That in this Recension of Monthly Flowers, it is to be understood for the whole period that any Flower continues, from its first appearing, to its final withering. ♓ FEBRUARY Hath xxviij days, long— 09 h-24 m Sun rises 07ʰ-13ᵐ Sets 04ʰ-45ᵐ To be done In the Orchard, and Olitory-Garden. PRune Fruit-trees, and Vines, as yet; For now is your Season to bind, plash, nail, and dress, without danger of frost: This to be understood of the most tender and delicate Wall-fruit, not finished before; do this before this buds and bearers grow turgid; and yet in the Nectarine and like delicate Mural-Fruit, the later your Pruning, the better, whatever has been, and still is, the contrary custom. Remove Graffs of former years' Graffing. Cut and lay Quicksets; and trim up your Palisade Hedges, and Espaliers. Plant Vines as yet, other Shrubs, Hops, etc. Set all sorts of Kernels and stony Seeds. Also sow Beans, Pease, Radish, Parsneps, Carrots, Onions, Garlic, etc. and plant Potatoes in your worst ground. Now is your Season for Circumposition by Tubs or Baskets of Earth, and for laying of Branches to take root. You may plant forth your Cabbage-plants. Rub Moss off your Trees after a soaking Rain, and scrape and cleanse them of Cankers, etc. draining away the wet (if need require) from the too much moistened Roots, and earth up those Roots of your Fruit-trees, if any were uncovered. Cut off the Webs of Caterpillars, etc. (from the Tops of Twigs and Trees) to burn. Gather Worms in the Evenings after Rain. Kitchen-Garden herbs may now be planted, as Parsley, spinach, and other hardy Potherbs. Towards the middle or latter end of this Month, till the Sap rises briskly, Graff in the Cleft, and so continue till the last of March; they will hold Apples, Pears, Cherries, Plums, etc. the New-Moon, and the Old-Wood is best. Now also plant out your Colly-flowers to have early; and begin to make your Hot-bed for the first Melons and Cucumbers to be sowed in the Full; but trust not altogether to them. Sow Asparagus. Lastly, Half open your passages for the Bees, or a little before (if weather invite;) but continue to feed weak Stocks, etc. Fruits in Prime, or yet lasting. Apples. KEntish, Kirton, Russet, Holland Pippins; Deuxans, Winter Queening, Harvey sometimes, Pome-water, Pome-roy, Golden Doucet, Reineting, Lones Pearmain, Winter Pearmain, etc. Pears. Bonchrestien of Winter, Winter Poppering, Little Dagobert, etc. ♓ FEBRUARY Hath xxviij. days, long— 09 h-24 m Sun rises 07ʰ-13ᵐ Sets 04ʰ-45ᵐ To be done In the Parterre, and Flower-Garden. COntinue Vermin Traps, etc. Sow Alaternus seeds in Cases, or open Beds; cover them with thorns, that the Poultry scratch them not out. Now and then air your housed Carnations, in warm days especially, and mild showers; but if like to prove cold, set them in again at night. Furnish (now towards the end) your Aviaries with Birds before they couple, etc. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting. WInter Aconite, single Anemonies, and some double, Tulips praecoce, Hyacinthus Stellatus, Vernal Crocus, Black Hellebore, single Hepatica, Persian Iris, Leucoium bulbosum, Dens Caninus three leaved, Vernal Cyclamen white and red, Mezereon, Ornithogal: max: alb: Yellow Violets with large leaves, early Daffodils, etc. ♈ MARCH Hath xxxj. days, long— 11 h-22 m Sun rises 06ʰ-19ᵐ Sets 05ʰ-41ᵐ To be done In the Orchard, and Olitory-Garden. YEt Stercoration is seasonable, and you may plant what Trees are left, though it be something of the latest, unless in very backward or moist places. Now is your chiefest and best time for raising on the Hot-bed Melons, Cucumbers, Gourds, etc. which about the sixth, eighth or tenth day will be ready for the Seeds; and eight days after prick them forth at distances, according to the Method, etc. If you will have them later, begin again in ten or twelve days after the first; and so a third time, to make Experiments. Remember to preserve the Hot-bed as much as possible from Rain; for cool him you may easily if too violent, but not give it a competent heat if it be spent, without new making. Graff all this Month, beginning with Pears, and ending with Apples, unless the Spring prove extraordinary forwards. Now also plant Peaches and Nectarines, but cut not off the top-roots, as you do of other Trees; for 'twill much prejudice them: Prune last years Graffs, and cut off the heads of your budded-stocks. Take off the Litter from your Kirnel-beds; see Octob. or you may forbear till April. You may as yet cut Quicksets, and cover such Treeroots as you laid bare in Autumn. It were profitable now also to top your Rosetrees a little with your Knife, near a leaf-bud, and to prune off the dead and withered branches, keeping them lower than the custom is, and to a single Stem. Slip and set Sage, Rosemary, Lavender, Thyme, etc. Sow in the beginning Endive, Succory, Leeks, Radish, Beets, Chard-Beet, Scorzonera, Parsnips, Skirrets, Parsley, Sorrel, Bugloss, borage, Chervil, Sellery, Smalladge, Alisanders', &c. Several of which continue many years without renewing, and are most of them to be blanched by laying them under litter and earthing up. Sow also Lettuce, Onions, Garlic, Orach, Purslan, Turnips (to have early), monthly Pease, etc. these annually. Transplant the Beet-chard which you sowed in August, to have most ample Chards. Sow also Carrots, Cabbages, Cresses, Fennel, Majoran, Basil, Tobacco, etc. And transplant any sort of Medicinal Herbs. Mid- March dress up and string your Strawberry-beds, and uncover your Asparagus, spreading and loosening the Mould about them, for their more easy penetrating: Also may you now transplant Asparagus roots to make new Beds. By this time your Bees sit; keep them close Night and Morning, if the weather prove ill. Turn your Fruit in the Room where it lies, but open not yet the windows. Fruits in Prime, or yet lasting. Apples. GOlden Ducat, [Doucet] Pippins, Reineting, Lones Pearmain, Winter Pearmain, john Apple, etc. Pears. Later Bon-Chrestein, Double Blossom Pear, etc. ♈ MARCH Hath xxxj. days, long— 11 h-22 m Sun rises 06ʰ-19ᵐ Sets 5 h-41 m To be done In the Parterre, and Flower-Garden. STake, and bind up your weakest Plants and Flowers against the Winds, before they come too fiercely, and in a moment prostrate a whole years' labour. Plant Box, etc. in Parterres. Sow Pinks, Sweet-williams, and Carnations, from the middle to the end of this Month. Sow Pine-kernels, Firr-seeds, Bays, Alaternus, Philyrea, and most perennial Greene's, etc. Or you may stay till somewhat later in the Month. Sow Auricula-seeds in pots or cases, in fine willow earth, a little loamy; and place what you sowed in September (which is the more proper Season) now in the shade, and water it. Plant some Anemony roots to bear late, and successively; especially in, and about London, where the Smoke is any thing tolerable; and if the Season be very dry, water them well once in two or three days, as likewise Ranunculus'. Fibrous roots may be transplanted about the middle of this Month; such as Hepatica's, Primroses, Auricula's, Cammomile, Hyacinth Tuberose, Matricaria, Gentianella, Hellebore and other Summer Flowers; Set Leucoium; Slip the Keris or Wall flower; and towards the end Lupins, Convolvulu's, Spanish or ordinary jasmine. Towards the middle, or latter end of March sow on the Hot-bed such Plants as are late bearing Flowers or Fruit in our Climate; as Balsamine, and Balsamum mass, Pomum Amoris, Datura, Aethiopic Apples, some choice Amaranthus, Dactyls, Geranium's, Hedysarum Clipeatum, Humble and Sensitive Plants, Lentiscus, Myrtle-berries (steeped a while), Capsicum Indicum, Canna Indica, Flos Africanus, Mirabile Peruian: Nasturtium Ind: Indian Phaseoli, Volubilis, Myrrh, Carrobs, Maracoc, sive Flos Passionis, and the like rare and exotic Plants which are brought us from hot Countries. Note, That the Nasturtium Ind. African marigolds, Volubilis, and some others, will come (though not altogether so forwards) in the Cold-bed without Art: But the rest require much, and constant heat, and therefore several Hot-beds, till the common earth be very warm by the advance of the Sun, to bring them to a due stature, and perfect their Seeds: Therefore your choicest Amaranthus being risen pretty high, remove them into another temperate Hot-bed; the same you may do with your African, and Sensitive Plants, especially, which always keep under Glasses. About the expiration of this Month carry into the shade such Auriculas, Seedlings, or Plants as are for their choiceness reserved in Pots. Transplant also Carnation seedlings, giving your Layers fresh earth, and setting them in the shade for a week, than likewise cut off all the sick and infected leaves; for now you may set your choice ones out of Covert, as directed in February. Now do the farewel-frosts, and Easterly-winds prejudice your choicest Tulips, and spot them; therefore cover such with Mats or Canvas to prevent freckles, and sometimes destruction. The same care have of your most precious Anemonies, Auricula's, Chamae-iris, Brumal jacynths, early Cyclamen, etc. Wrap your shorn Cypress tops with straw wisps, if the Eastern blasts prove very tedious. About the end uncover some Plants, but with Caution; for the tail of the Frosts yet continuing, and sharp winds, with the sudden darting heat of the Sun, scorch and destroy them in a moment; and in such weather neither sow, nor transplant. Sow Stock-gilly-flower-seeds in the Full to produce double flowers. Now may you set your Oranges, Lemons, myrtles, Oleanders', Lentiscs, Dates, Aloes, Amomums, and like tender Trees and Plants in the Portico, or with the windows, and doors of the Green-houses and Conservatories open for eight or ten days before April, or earlier, if the Season invite, to acquaint them gradually with the Air; but trust not the Nights, unless the weather be thoroughly settled: Now is also your Season to raise Stocks to bud Oranges and Lemons on, by sowing the Seeds; and some of the hardiest Ever-greens may be transplanted, especially if the weather be moist and temperate. Lastly, Bring in materials for the Birds in the Aviary to build their Nests withal. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting. ANemonies, Spring Cyclamen, Winter Aconite, Crocus, Bellis, white and black Hellebor, single and double Hepatica, Leucoion, Chamae-iris of all colours, Dens Caninus, Violets, Fritillaria, Chelidonium small with double Flowers, Hermodactyls, Tuberous Iris, Hyacynth Zeboin, Brumal, Oriental, etc. junquils, great Chaliced, Dutch Mezereon, Persian Iris, Auricula's, Narcissus with large tufts, common, double and single. Primroses, Praecoce Tulips, Spanish Trumpets or junquilles; Violets, yellow Dutch Violets, Ornithogalum max: alb: Crown Imperial, Grape Flowers, Almonds and Peach-blossoms, Rubus odoratus, Arbour judae, etc. ♉ APRIL Hath xxx. days, long— 13 h-23 m Sun rises 05ʰ-18ᵐ Sets 05ʰ-42ᵐ To be done In the Orchard, and Olitory-Garden. SOw sweet Majoran, Hyssop, Basil, Thyme, Winter- Savory, Scurvey-grass, and all fine and tender Seeds that require the Hot-bed. Sow also Lettuce, Purslan, Caully-flower, Radish etc. Plant Articho●k slips, etc. Set French-beans etc. You may yet slip Lavender, Thyme, ●eneroyal, Sage, Rosemary, etc. Towards the middle of this Month begin to plant forth your Melons, and Cucumbers, and so to the later end; your Ridges well prepared. Gather up Worms, and Snails, after evening showers; continue this also after all Summer-rains. Open now your Bee-hives, for now they hatch; look carefully to them, and prepare your Hives, etc. Fruits in Prime, and yet lasting. Apples. Pippins, Deuxans, West-berry-apple, Russeting, Gillyflowers, flat Reinet, etc. Pears. Later Boncrestien, Oak-pear, etc. double Blossom, etc. ♉ APRIL Hath xxx. days, long— 13 h-23 m Sun rises 05ʰ-18ᵐ Sets 5 h-42 m To be done In the Parterre, and Flower-Garden. SOw divers Annuals to have Flowers all Summer; as double Marigolds, Digitalis, Delphinium, Cyanus of all sorts, Candy-tufts, Garden Pansy, Muscipula, Scabious, Scorpoides, Medica, Holy-hocks; Columbines, which renew every five or six years, else they will degenerate, etc. Continue new, and fresh Hot-beds to entertain such exotic Plants as arrive not to their perfection without them, till the Air and common earth be qualified with sufficient warmth to preserve them abroad: A Catalogue of these you have in the former Month. Transplant such Fibrous-roots as you had not finished in March; as Violets, Hepatica, Primroses, Hellebor, Matricaria, etc. Place Auricula Seedlings in the shade. Sow Pinks, Carnations, which you may continue to trim up, and cleanse from dead and rotten leaves, viz. your old roots: Sow Sweet-Williams, etc. to flower next year: this after rain. Set Lupins, etc. Sow Lucoium in Fullmoon, sprinkle it thin, frequently remove them, and replant in moist weather the following Spring. Sow also yet Pine-kernels, Fir-seeds, Phillyrea, Alaternus, and most perennial Greene's. Now take out your Indian Tuberoses, parting the Off-sets (but with care, lest you break their fangs) than pot them in natural (not forced) Earth; a layer of rich mould beneath, and about this natural earth to nourish the fibres, but not so as to touch the Bulbs: then plunge your pots in a Hot-bed temperately warm, and give them no water till they spring, and then set them under a South-wall: In dry weather water them freely, and expect an incomparable flower in August: Thus likewise treat the Narcissus of japan, or Garnsey-Lilly for a later flower, likewise the protuberant fangs of the Yuca; and make much of this precious Direction. Set out and expose Flos Cardinalis: Slip and set Marums: Water Anemonies, Ranunculus', and Plants in Pots and Cases once in two or three days, if drought require it. But carefully protect from violent storms of Rain, Hail, and the too parching darts of the Sun, your Pennached Tulips, Ranunculus', Anemonies, Auricula's, covering them with Matresses supported on cradles of hoops, which have now in readiness. Now is the Season for you to bring the choice and tender shrubs, etc. out of the Conservatory; such as you durst not adventure forth in March: let it be in a fair day; only your Orange-trees may remain in the house till May, to prevent all danger. You may now graft these tender shrubs, etc. by Approach, viz. Oranges, Lemons, Pomegranads, jasmins, etc. Now, towards the end of April, you may Transplant, and Remove your tender shrubs, etc. as Spanish jasmines, myrtles, Oleanders', young Oranges, Cyclamen, Pomegranads, etc. but first let them begin to sprout; placing them a fortnight in the shade: but about London it may be better to defer this work till mid- August: Vide also May, from whence take directions how to refresh and trim them: Prune now your Spanish jasmine within an inch or two of the stock; but first see it begin to shoot. Mow Carpet-walks, and ply Weeding, etc. Towards the end (if the cold winds are passed) and especially after showers, clip Phillyrea, Alaternus, Cypress, Box, Myrtyls, Barba jovis, and other tonsile shrubs, etc. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting. ANemonies, Ranunculus', Auricula Vrsi, Chamae-iris, Crown Imperial, Caprifolium, Cyclamen, Dens Caninus, Fritillaria, Genti●nella, Hypericum frutex, double Hepatic's, jacynth starry, double Daisies, Florence-Iris, tufted Narcissus, white, double and common, English double: Primrose, Cowslips, Pulsatilla, Ladies-smock, Tulips medias, Ranunculus' of Tripoli, white Violets, Musk-Grape-flower, Geranium, Radix Cava, Caltha palustris, Parietaria Lutea, Leucoium, Persian Lilies, Paeonies, double jonquils, Muscaria reversed, Cochlearia, Persian jasmine, Acanthus, Lilac Rosemary, Cherries, Wall-pears, Almonds, Apricots, Peaches, White-thorn, Arbour judae blossoming, etc. ♊ MAY Hath xxxj. days, long— 15 h-09 m Sun rises 04ʰ-25ᵐ Sets 07ʰ-35ᵐ To be done In the Orchard, and Olitory-Garden. SOw Sweet-Majoran, Basil, Thyme, hot and Aromatic Herbs and Plants which are the most tender. Sow Purslan, to have young: Lettuce, large-sided Cabbage, painted Beans, etc. Look carefully to your Melons; and towards the end of this Month, forbear to cover them any longer on the Ridges either with Straw, or Matresses, etc. Ply the Laboratory, and distil Plants for Waters, Spirits, etc. Continue Weeding before they run to Seeds. Now set your Bees at full Liberty, look out often, and expect Swarms, etc. Fruits in Prime, or yet lasting. Apples. Pippins, Deuxans or john-apples, West-berry-apples, Russeting, Gilly-flower-apples, the Maligar, etc. Coddling. Pears. Great Kairville, Winter-Bon-Cretienne, Black-pear of Worcester, Surrein, Double-Blossom-pear, etc. Cherries, etc. The May-Cherry. Strawberries, etc. ♊ MAY Hath xxxj. days, long— 15 h-09 m Sun rises 04ʰ-25ᵐ Sets 07ʰ-35ᵐ To be done In the Parterre, and Flower-Garden. NOw bring your Oranges, etc. boldly out of the Conservatory; 'tis your only Season to Transplant, and Remove them: let the Cases be filled with natural-earth (such as is taken the first half spit, from just under the Turf of the best Pasture ground, in a place that has been well fothered on) mixing it with one part of rotten Cowdung, or very mellow Soil screened and prepared some time before; if this be too stiff sift a little Lime discreetly with it, with the rotten sticks of Willows: Then cutting the Roots a little, especially at bottom, set your Plant; but not too deep; rather let some of the Roots appear: Lastly, settle it with temperately enriched water (not too much) having put some rubbish of Lime-stones, pebbles, shells, or the like at the bottom of the Cases, to make the moisture passage, and keep the earth lose for fear of rotting the fibres: See Novemb. Then set them in the shade for a fortnight, and afterwards expose them to the Sun. Give now also all your housed plants fresh earth at the surface, in place of some of the old earth (a hand-depth or so) and loosening the rest with a fork without wounding the Roots: let this be of excellent rich soil, such as is throughly consumed and will sift, that it may wash in the virtue, and comfort the Plant: Brush, and cleanse them likewise from the dust contracted during their Enclosure. These two last directions have till now been kept as considerable Secrets amongst our gardeners: vide Angust and September. Shade your Carnations and Gillyflowers after midday about this Season: Plant also your Stock-gilly-flowers in beds, full Moon. Continue watering Ranunculus': Transplant forth your Amaranthus', where you would have them stand: Sow Antirrhinum; or you may set it. Gather what Anemony-seed you find ripe, and that is worth saving, preserving it very dry. Cut likewise the Stalks of such Bulbous-flowers as you find dry. Towards the end take up those Tulips which are dried in the stalk; covering what you find to lie bare from the Sun and showers. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting. LAte set Anemonies and Ranunculus omn. gen. Anapodophylon, Blattaria, Chamae-iris, Angustifol. Cyanus, Cytisus Maranthe, Cyclamen, Heleborine, Columbines, Caltha palustris, double Cotyledon, Digitatis, Fraxinella, Gladiolus, Geranium, Horminum Creticum, yellow Hemerocallis, stripped jacynth, early Bulbous Iris, Asphodel, yellow Lilies, Lychnis, jacea, Bellis double, white and red, Millefolium luteum, Phalangium, Orchis, Lilium Convallium, Span. Pinks, Deptford Pinks, Rosa common, Cinnamon, Gelder & Centifol. etc. Oleaster, Chery-bay, Trachelium, Cowslips, Hesperis, Antirrhinum, Syringas, Sedums, Tulips Serotin, etc. Valerian, Veronica double and single, Musk Violets, Lady's Slipper, Stock-gilly-flowers, Spanish Nut, Star-flower, Chalcedons, ordinary Crowfoot, red Martagon, Bee-flowers, Campanula's white and blue, Persian Lily, Honeysuckles, Buglosss, Homer's Moly, and the white of Dioscorides, Pansys, Prunella, purple Thalictrum, Sisymbrium double and simple, Leucoium bulbosum serotinum, Peonies, Sambucus, Rosemary, Staechas, Barba jovis, Laurus, Satyrion, Oxyacanthus, Tamariscus, Apple-blossoms, etc. ♋ JUNE Hath xxx. days, long— 16 h-17 m Sun rises 03ʰ-51ᵐ Sets 08ʰ-09ᵐ To be done In the Orchard, and Olitory-Garden. SOw Lettuce, Chervil, Radish, etc. to have young, and tender Salleting. About the midst of june you may Inoculate Peaches, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Apples, Pears, etc. You may now also (or in May before) cleanse Vines of exuberant branches and tendrels, cropping (not cutting) and stopping the second joint immediately before the Fruit, and some of the under branches which bear no fruit; especially in young Vineyards when they first begin to bear, and thence forwards; binding up the rest to props. Gather Herbs in the Full, to keep dry; they keep and retain their virtue, and sweet smell, better dried in the shade, than Sun, whatever some pretend. Now is your Season to distil Aromatic Plants, etc. Water lately planted Trees, and put moist, and half rotten Fearn, etc. about the foot of their Stems. Look to your Bees for Swarms, and Casts; and begin to destroy Infects with Hoofs, Canes, and tempting baits, etc. Gather Snails after Rain, etc. Fruits in Prime, or yet lasting. Apples. JVniting (first ripe) Pippins, john-apples, Robillard, Red-fennovil, etc. French Pears. The Maudlin (first ripe) Madera, Green-Royal, St. Laurence-pear, etc. Cherries, etc. Duke, Flanders, Heart Black. Red. White. Luke-ward, early Flanders, the Common-Cherry, Spanish- black, Naples Cherries, etc. Raspberries, Corinth's, Strawberries, Melons, etc. ♋ JUNE Hath xxx. days, long— 16 h-17 m Sun rises 03ʰ-51ᵐ Sets 08ʰ-09ᵐ To be done In the Parterre, and Flower-Garden. TRansplant Autumnal Cyclamen now if you would change their place, otherwise let them stand. Take up Iris Chalcedon. Gather the ripe Seeds of Flowers worth the saving, as of choicest Oriental jacynth, Narcissus (the two lesser, pale spurious Daffodils of a whitish green, often produce varieties) Auricula's, Ranunculus', &c. and preserve them dry: Shade your Carnations from the afternoon Sun. You may now begin to lay your Gillyflowers. Take up your rarest Anemonies, and Ranunculus' after rain (if it come seasonable) the stalk withered, and dry the roots well: This about the end of the Month: In mid- june inoculate jasmine, Roses, and some other rare shrubs. Sow now also some Anemony seeds. Take up your Tulip-bulbs, burying such immediately as you find naked upon your beds; or else plant them in some cooler place; and refresh over-parched beds with water. Water your Pots of Narcissus of japan (that rare Flower) etc. Stop some of your Scabious from running to seed the first year, by now removing them, and next year they will produce excellent flowers. Also may you now take up all such Plants and Flower-roots as endure not well out of the ground, and replant them again immediately; such as the early Cyclamen, jacynth Oriental, and other bulbous jacynths, Iris, Fritillaria, Crown-Imperial, Martagon, Muscaris, Dens Caninus, etc. The slips of Myrtil set in some cool and moist place do now frequently take root: Also Cytisus lunatus will be multiplied by slips in a moist place, such as are an handful long of that Spring, but neither by Seeds or Layers. Look now to your Aviary; for now the Birds grow sick of their Feathers; therefore assist them with Emulsions of the cooler seeds bruised in their water, as Melons, Cucumbers, etc. Also give them Succory, Beets, groundsel, Chickweed, etc. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting. AMaranthus, Antirrhinum, Asphodel, Campanula, Convolvulus, Cyclamen, Clematis Pannonica, Cyanus, Blattaria, Digitalis, Gladiolus, Hedysarum, Geranium, Horminum Creticum, Hieracium, Hesperis, bulbous Iris, and divers others, Lychnis var. generum, Martagon white and red, Millefolium white and yellow, Nasturtium Indicum, Nigella, Aster Atticus, Hellebor Alb: Gentiana, Trachelium, Ficus Indica, Fraxinella, shrub Nightshade, jasmines, Honey-suckles, Genista Hisp: Carnations, Pinks, Armerius, Ornithogalum, Pansy, Phalangium Virginianum, Larks-heel early, Pilosella, Roses, Thlaspi Creticum, etc. Veronica, Viola pentaphyl. Campions or Sultan's, Mountain Lilies white, red: double Poppies, Stock-gilly-flowers, Corn-flag, Holly-hoc, Muscaria, Serpyllum Citratum, Phalangium Allobrogicum, Oranges, Rosemary, Lentiscus, Pomegranade, the Limetree, etc. ♌ JULY Hath xxxj. days, long— 15 h-59 ᵐ Sun rises 04ʰ-00ᵐ Sets 8 h-00 ᵐ To be done In the Orchard, and Olitory-Garden. SOw Lettuce, Radish, etc. to have tender salleting. Sow later Pease to be ripe six weeks after Michaelmas. Water young planted Trees, and Layers, etc. and reprune now Apricots, and Peaches, saving as many of the young likeliest shoots as are well placed; for the now Bearers commonly perish, the new ones succeeding: Cut close and even, purging your Wall-fruit of superfluous leaves which hinder from the Sun; but do it discreetly. You may now also begin to Inoculate. Let such Olitory-herbs run to seed as you would save. Towards the later end, visit your Vineyards again, etc. and stop the exuberant shoots at the second joint above the fruit (if not finished before); but not so as to expose it to the Sun. Remove long-sided Cabbages planted in May to head in Autumn; 'tis the best Cabage in the World. Now begin to straighten the entrance of your Bees a little; and help them to kill their Drones if you observe too many; setting the new invented Cucurbit-Glasses of Beer mingled with Honey to entice the Wasps, Flies, etc. which waste your store: Also hang Bottles of the same Mixture near your Red-Roman-Nectarines, and other tempting fruits, for their destruction; else they many times invade your best Fruit. Look now also diligently under the leaves of Mural-Trees for the Snails; they stick commonly somewhat above the fruit: pull not off what is bitten; for than they will certainly begin afresh. Fruits in Prime, or yet lasting. Apples. Deuxans, Pippins, Winter Russeting, Andrew-apples, Cinnamon-apple, red and white juniting, the Margaret apple, etc. Pears. The Primate, Russet-pears, Summer-pears, green Chesil-pears, Pearl-pear, etc. Cherries. Carnations, Morella, Great-bearer, Morocca-Cherry, the Egriot, Bigarreaux, etc. Peaches. Nutmeg, Isabel, Persian, Newington, Violet-muscat, Rambovillet. Plums, etc. Primordial, Myrobalan, the red, blue, and amber Violet, Damasc. Denny Damasc. Pear-plum, Damasc. Violet, or Cheson-plum, Abricot-plum, Cinnamon-plum, the Kings-plum, Spanish, Morocco-plum, Lady Eliz. plum, Tawny, Damascene, etc. Raspberries, Goose-berries, Corinth's, Strawberries, Melons, etc. ♌ JULY Hath xxxj. days, long— 15 h-59 m Sun rises 04ʰ-00● Sets 08ʰ-00ᵐ To be done In the Parterre, and Flower-Garden. SLip Stocks, and other lignous Plants and Flowers: From henceforth to Michaelmas you may also lay Gillyflowers and Carnations for Increase, leaving not above two, or three spindle's for flowers, and nipping off superfluous buds, with supports, cradles, canes or hooves, to establish them against winds, and destroy Earwigs. The Layers will (in a month or six weeks) strike root, being planted in a light loamy earth mixed with excellent rotten soil and siefted: plant six or eight in a pot to save room in Winter: keep them well from too much Rains; yet water them in drought, sparing the leaves: If it prove too wet, lay your pots side-long; but shade those which blow from the afternoon Sun, as in the former Months. Yet also you may lay Myrtils, Laurels, and other curious Greene's. Water young planted Shrubs and Layers, etc. as Orange-trees, Myrtils, Granads, Amomum, etc. Clip Box, etc. in Parterres, Knots, and Compartments, if need be, and that it grow out of order; do it after Rain. Graff by Approach, Inarch or Inoculate jasmines, Oranges, and other your choicest Shrubs. Take up your early autumnal Cyclamen, Tulips and Bulbs (if you will Remove them, etc.) before mentioned; Transplanting them immediately, or a Month after if you please, and then cutting off, and trimming the fibres, spread them to Air in some dry place. Gather Tulip-seed, if you please: but let it lie in the pods. Gather now also your early Cyclamen-seed, and sow it presently in Pots. Remove seedling Crocus' sowed in September constantly at this Season, placing them at wider intervals, till they begin to bear. Likewise you may take up some Anemonies, Ranunculus', Crocus, Crown Imperial, Persian Iris, Fritillaria, and Colchicums; but plant the three last as soon as you have taken them up, as you did the Cyclamen; or you may stay till August or September ere you take them up, and replant Colchicums. Remove now Dens Caninus, etc. Take up your Gladiolus now yearly, the blades being dry, or else their Off-sets will poison the ground. Latter end of july sieft your Beds for Off-sets of Tulips, and all Bulbous-roots, also for Anemonies, Ranunculus', &c. which will prepare it for re-planting with such things as you have ready in Pots to plunge, or set in naked earth till the next season; as Amaranths, Canna Ind. Mirabile Peruv. Capsicum Ind. Nasturtium Ind. etc. that they may not lie empty, and disfurnished. You may sow some Anemonies, keeping them temperately moist. Continue to cut off the withered stalks of your lower flowers, etc. and all others, covering with earth the bared roots, etc. Now (in the driest Season) with Brine, Potashes and Water, or a decoction of Tobacco refuse, water your Gravel-walks, etc. to destroy both Worms and Weeds, of which it will cure them for some years. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting. AMaranthus, Asphodel, Antirrhinum, Campanula, Clematis, Cyanus, Convolvulus, Sultana, Veronica purple and odoriferous; Digitalis, Eryngium Planum, Ind. Phaseolus, Geranium triste, and Creticum, Gladiolus, Gentiana, Hesperis, Nigella, Hedysarum, Fraxinella, Lychnis Chalcaedon, jacea white and double, Nasturt. Ind. Millefolium, Musk-rose, Flos Africanus, Thlaspi Creticum, Veronica mag. & parva, Volubilis, Balsam-apple, Holy-hoc, Corn-flower, Alkekengi, Lupins, Scorpion-grass, Caryophyllata omn. gen. Stock-gilly-flower, Scabiosa, Mirab: Peru: Spartum Hispan: Monthly- rose, jasmine, Indian Tuberous jacynth, Limonium, Linaria Cretica, Pansies, Prunella, Delphinium, Phalangium, Periploca Virgin. Flos Passionis, Flos Cardinalis, Yucca, Oranges, Amomum Plinii, Oleanders' red and white, Agnus Castus, Arbutus, Olive, Ligustrum, Tilia, etc. ♍ AUGUST Hath xxxj. days, long— 14 h-33 m Sun rises 04ʰ-43ᵐ Sets 07ʰ-17ᵐ To be done In the Orchard, and Olitory-Garden. INoculate now early, if before you began not, and gather your bud of that year: Let this work be done before you remove the Stocks. Prune off yet also superfluous branches, and shoots of this second spring; but be careful not to expose the fruit, without leaves sufficient to screen it from the Sun; furnishing, and nailing up what you will spare to cover the defects of your Walls. Continue yet to cleanse your Vines from exuberant branches that too much hinder the Sun. Pull up the Suckers. Clip Roses now done bearing. Sow Radish, pale tender Cabbages, Caully-flowers for Winter Plants, Corn-sallet, Marygolds, Lettuce, Carrots, Parsneps, Turnips, spinach, Onions; also curled Endive, Angelica, Scurvygrass, etc. Likewise now pull up ripe Onions and Garlic, etc. Towards the end sow Purslan, Chard-beet, Chervile, etc. Transplant such Lettuce as you will have abide all Winter. Gather your Olitory-seeds, and clip and cut all such Herbs and Plants within one handful of the ground before the full. Lastly, Unbind and release the Buds you inoculated if taken, etc. likewise stop, and prune them. Now vindemiate and take your Bees towards the expiration of this Month; unless you see cause (by reason of the Wether and Season) to defer it till mid- September: But if your Stocks be very light and weak, begin the earlier. Make your Summer Perry and Cider. Fruits in Prime, and yet lasting. Apples. THe Ladies Longing, the Kirkham Apple, john Apple; the Seaming Apple, Cushion Apple, Spicing, May-flower, Sheep's snout. Pears. Windsor, Sovereign, Orange, Bergamot, Slipper Pear, Red Catherine, King Catherine, Denny Pear, Prusia Pear, Summer Poppering, Sugar Pear, Lording Pear, etc. Peaches. Roman Peach, Man Peach, Quince Peach, Rambovillet, Musk Peach, Grand Carnation, Portugal Peach, Crown Peach, Bourdeaux Peach, Lavar Peach, the Peach Des pot, Savoy Malacoton, which lasts till Michaelmas. Nectarines. The Muroy Nectarine, Tawny, Red- Roman, little Green Nectarine, Cluster Nectarine, Yellow Nectarine. Plums. Imperial, Blue, White Dates, Yellow Pear-plum, Black Pear-plum, White Nutmeg, late Pear-plum, Great Anthony, Turkey Plum, the jane Plum. Other Fruit. Cluster-grape, Muscadine, Corinth's, Cornelians, Mulberries, Figs, Filberts, Melons, etc. ♍ AUGUST Hath xxxj. days, long— 14 h-33 m Sun rises 04ʰ-43ᵐ Sets 07ʰ-17ᵐ To be done In the Parterre, and Flower-Garden. NOw (and not till now if you expect success) is the just Season for the budding of the Orange Tree: Inoculate therefore at the commencement of this Month. Now likewise take up your bulbous Iris'; or you may sow their seeds, as also those of Larks-heel, Candy-tufts, Columbines, Iron-coloured Fox-gloves, Holly-hocks, and such Plants as endure Winter, and the approaching Seasons. Plant some Anemony roots to have flowers all Winter, if the roots escape; and take up your seedlings of last year, which now transplant for bearing: also plant Dens Caninus, Autumnal Crocus, and Colchicums: Note, that English Saffron may be suffered to stand for increase to the third or fourth year without removing. You may now sow Narcissus, and Oriental jacynths, and re-plant such as will not do well out of the Earth, as Fritillaria, Hyacinths, Martagon, Dens Caninus, Lilies. Gillyflowers may yet be slipped. Continue your taking up of Bulbs, dry them and lay them up; Lilies, etc. of which before. Gather from day to day your Alaternus seed as it grows black and ripe, and spread it to sweat and dry before you put it up; therefore move it sometimes with a broom that the seeds clog not together. Water well your Balsamine foem. Most other Seeds may now likewise be gathered from shrubs, which you find ripe. About mid- August transplant Auricula's, dividing old and lusty roots; also prick out your Seedlings: They best like a loamy sand, or light moist Earth; yet rich and shaded: You may likewise sow Auricula. Now towards the latter end, you may sow Anemony seeds, Ranunculus', &c. lightly covered with fit mould in Cases, shaded, and frequently refreshed: Also Cyclamen, jacynths, Iris, Hepatica, Primroses, Fritillaria, Martagon, Fraxinella, Tulips, etc. but with patience; for some of them, because they flower not till three, four, five, six and seven years after, especially the Tulips, therefore disturb not their beds, and let them be under some warm place, shaded yet, till the heats are past, lest the seeds dry; only the Hepatica's, and Primroses may be sowed in some less exposed Beds. Now, about Bartholomew-tide, is the only secure season for removing and laying your perennial Greene's, Oranges, Lemons, myrtles, Phillyreas, Oleanders', jasmines, Arbutus, and other rare Shrubs, as Pomegranads, Monthly Roses, and whatever is most obnoxious to frosts, taking the shoots and branches of the past Spring, and pegging them down in very rich earth and soil perfectly consumed, water them upon all occasions during the Summer; and by this time twelvemonth they will be ready to remove, Transplanted in fit earth, set in the shade, and kept moderately moist, not over wet, lest the young fibres rot; after three weeks set them in some more airy place, but not in the Sun till fifteen days more; Vide our Observations in April, and May, for the rest of these choice Directions. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting. AMaranthus, Anagallis Lusitanica, Aster Atticus, Blattaria, Spanish Bells, Belvedere, Carnations, Campanula, Clematis, Cyclamen Vernum, Datura Turcica, Eliochryson, Eryngium planum & Amethystinum, Geranium Creticum, and Triste, Yellow Stocks, Hieration minus Alpestre, Tuberose's Hyacinth, Limonium, Linaria Cretica, Lychnis, Mirabile Peruvian. Yellow Millefol. Nasturt. Ind. Yellow mountain Hearts-ease, Maracoc, Africanus flos, Convolvulus', Scabious, Asphodils, Delphinium, Lupins, Colchicum, Leucoion, Autumnal Hyacinth, Holly-hoc, Star-wort, Heliotrop, French Marigold, Daisies, Geranium nocte olens, Common Pansies, Larks-heels of all colours, Nigella, Heleborus, Balsamin: faem: Lobells Catch-fly, Thlaspi Creticum, Rosemary, Musk-Rose, Monthly Rose, Oleanders', Spanish jasmine, Yellow Indian jasmine, Myrtyls, Oranges, Pomegranads double, and single flowers, Shrub Spiraea, Agnus Castus, etc. ♎ SEPTEMBER Hath xxx. days, long— 12 h-37 m Sun rises 05ʰ-41ᵐ Sets 06ʰ-19ᵐ To be done In the Orchard, and Olitory-Garden. GAther now (if ripe) your Winter Fruits, as Apples, Pears, Plums, etc. to prevent their falling by the great Winds: Also gather your Windfalls from day to day: do this work in dry weather. Release Inoculated Buds, or sooner if they pinch. Sow Lettuce, Radish, spinach, Parsneps, Skirrets, etc. Caully-flowers, Cabbages, Onions, etc. Scurvygrass, Annis-seeds, etc. Now may you Transplant most sorts of Esculent, or Physical Plants, etc. Also Artichokes, and Asparagus-roots. Sow also Winter Herbs and Roots, and plant Strawberries out of the Woods. Towards the end, earth up your Winter Plants and Salad herbs; and plant forth your Caully-flowers and Cabbages which were sown in August. No longer now defer the taking of your Bees, streightning the entrances of such Hives as you leave to a small passage, and continue still your hostility against Wasps, and other robbing Infects. Cider-making continues. Fruits in Prime, or yet lasting. Apples. THe Belle-bonne, the William, Summer Pearmain, Lordding-apple, Pear-apple, Quince-apple, Red-greening ribbed, Bloody-Pepin, Harvey, Violet-apple, etc. Pears. Hamdens' Bergamot (first ripe) Summer Bon Chrestien, Norwich, Black Worcester, (baking) Greenfield, Orange, Bergamot, the Queen hedg-pear, Lewes-pear (to dry excellent) Frith-pear, Arundel-pear (also to bake) Brunswick-pear, Winter Poppering, Bings-pear, Bishop-pear (baking) Diego, Emperours-pear, Cluster-pear, Messire jean, Rowling-pear, Balsam-pear, Bezy d' Hery, etc. Peaches, etc. Malacoton, and some others, if the year prove backwards, Almonds, etc. Quinces. Little Blew-grape, Muscadine-grape, Frontiniac, Parsley, great Blew-grape, the Verjuice-grape excellent for sauce, etc. Berberries, etc. ♎ SEPTEMBER Hath xxx. days, long— 12 h-37 m Sun rises 05ʰ-41ᵐ Sets 06ʰ-19ᵐ To be done In the Parterre, and Flower-Garden. PLant some of all the sorts of Anemonies in good rich natural earth, especially the Latifol. after the first Rains, if you will have flowers very forwards; but it is surer to attend till October, or the Month after, lest the over moisture of the Autumnal seasons give you cause to repent. Now is the most proper season to sow Auricula-seeds, setting the Cases in the Sun till April: See April. Begin now also to plant some Tulips, unless you will stay till the later end of October, to prevent all hazard of rotting the Bulbs. Plant Daffodils, and Colchicum. All Fibrous Plants, such as Hepatica, Hellebor, Cammomile, etc. Also the Capillaries; Matricaria, Violets, Primroses, etc. may now be transplanted; as likewise Iris Chalcedon, Cyclamen, etc. Now you may also continue to sow Alaternus, Phillyrea, (or you may forbear till the Spring) Iris, Crown Imperial, Martagon, Tulips, Delphinium, Nigella, Candy tufts, Poppy; and generally all the Annuals which are not impaired by the Frosts. Sow Primroses likewise: Remove seedling Digitalis, and plant the slips of Lychnis at the beginning. Your Tuberoses will not endure the wet of this Season, therefore set the Pots into your Conserve, and keep them very dry. Bind now up your Autumn all Flowers, and Plants to stakes, to prevent sudden Gusts which will else prostrate all you have so industriously raised. Now you may take off Gillyflower layers with earth and all, and plant them in pots, or borders shaded. Crocus will be now raised of Seeds. About Michaelmas (sooner, or later, as the Season directs) the weather fair, and by no means foggy, retire your choice Greene's, and rarest Plants (being dry) as Oranges, Lemons, Indian, and Span. jasmine, Oleanders', Barba-Iovis, Amomum Plin. Citysus Lunatus, Chamelaea tricoccoes, Cistus Ledon Clus●i, Dates, Aloes, Sedums, etc. into your Conservatory; ordering them with fresh mould, as you were taught in May, viz. taking away some of the upmost exhausted earth, and stirring up the rest, fill the Cases with rich, and well consumed soil, to wash in, and nourish the Roots during Winter; but as yet leaving the doors and windows open, and giving them much Air, so the Winds be not sharp, nor weather foggy; do thus till the cold being more intense advertise you to enclose them all together: myrtles will endure abroad near a Month longer. The cold now advancing, set such Plants as will not endure the House into the earth; the pots two or three inches lower than the surface of some bed under a Southern exposure: Then cover them with glasses, having clothed them first with sweet and dry Moss; but upon all warm, and benign emissions of the Sun, and sweet showers, giving them air, by taking off all that covers them: Thus you shall preserve your costly and precious Marum Syriacum, Cistus', Geranium nocte olens, Flos Cardinalis, Maracocs, seedling Arbutus' (a very hardy Plant when greater) choicest Ranunculus' and Anemonies, Acacia Egypt. etc. Thus governing them till April. Secrets not till now divulged. Note, That Cats will eat, and destroy your Marum Syriacum if they can come at it. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting. AMaranthus tricolor, and others; Anagallis of Portugal, Antirrhinum, African flo. Amomum Plinii, Aster Atticus, Belvedere, Bellis, Campanula's, Colchicum, Autumnal Cyclamen, Clematis, Chrysanthemum angustifol. Eupatorium of Canada, Sun-flower, Stock-gil. flo. Geranium Cr●ticum, and nocte olens, Gentianella annual, Hieration minus Alpestre, Tuberous Indian jacynth, Linaria Cretica, Lychnis Constant. single and double; Limonium, Indian Lily, Narciss. Pomum Aureum, and Amoris, & Spinosum Ind. Marvel of Peru, Millefolium yellow, Moly Monspeliens. Nasturtium Indicum, Persian autumnal Narcissus, Virginian Phalangium, Indian Phaseolus, Scarlet Beans, Convolvulus divers. gen. Candy-tufts, Veronica, purple Volubilis, Asphodel, Crocus, or Enlish Saffron, Garnsey Lily, or Narcissus of japan, Poppy of all colours, single, and double, Malva arborescens, Indian Pinks, Aethiopic Apples, Capsicum Ind. Gillyflowers, Passion-flower, Dature double and sing. Portugal Ranunculus', Spanish jasmine, yellow Virginian jasmine, Rhododendron white and red, Oranges, myrtles, Balaustia, Musk Rose, and Monthly Rose, etc. ♏ OCTOBER Hath xxxj. days, long— 10 h-47 m Sun rises 06ʰ-26ᵐ Sets 05ʰ-24ᵐ To be done In the Orchard, and Olitory-Garden. TRench Grounds for Orcharding, and the Kitchen-garden, to lie for a Winter mellowing. Plant dry Trees (i) Fruit of all sorts, Standard, Mural, or Shrubs which lose their leaf; and that so soon as it falls: But be sure you choose no Trees for the Wall of above two years' Graffing at the most. Now is the time for Ablaqueation, and laying bare the Roots of old unthriving, or over hasty blooming trees. Moon now decreasing, gather Winter-fruit that remains, weather dry; take heed of bruising, lay them up clean lest they taint, Cut and prune Roses yearly, reducing them to a Standard not over tall. Plant and Plash Quicksets. Remove Graffs after the second year, unless Dwarves, which you may let stand till the third. Save, and sow all stony, and hard kernels and seeds, such as black Cherry, Morellos, black Heart, all good; Pear-plum, Peach, Almond-stones, etc. Also Nuts, Haws, Ashen, Sycomor and Maple keys; Acorns, Beech-mast, Apple, Pear and Crab kernels, for Stocks; or you may defer it till the next Month towards the later end, keeping them dry and free from mustiness; remembering to cover the beds with litter. You may yet sow Genoa Lettuce which will last all the Winter; Reddish etc. Make Winter Cider, and Perry. Towards the latter end plant Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Vines, Winter-pears, etc. Fruits in Prime, or yet lasting. Apples. BElle-et-Bonne, William, Costard, Lording, Parsley- apples, Pearmain, Pear-apple, Honey-meal, Apis, etc. Pears. The Caw-pear (baking) Green-butter-pear, Thorn-pear, Clove-pear, Roussell-pear, Lombart-pear, Russet-pear, Saffron-pear, and some of the former Month, Violet-pear, Petworth-pear, otherwise called the Winter Windsor. Bullis, and divers of the September Plums and Grapes, Pines, Arbutus, etc. ♏ OCTOBER Hath xxxj days, long— 10 h-47 m Sun rises 06h-m26 Sets 05h-24m To be done In the Parterre, and Flower-Garden. NOw your Hyacinthus Tuberose not enduring the wet, must be set into the house, and preserved very dry till April. Continue sowing what you did in September if you please: Likewise Cypress may be sown, but take heed of the Frost: Also, You may plant some Anemonies, especially the Tenuifolia's and Ranunculus', in fresh sandish earth, taken from under the turf, but lay richer mould at the bottom of the bed, which the fibres may reach, but not touch the main roots, which are to be covered with the natural earth two inches deep: and so soon as they appear, secure them with Mats, or Straw, from the winds and frosts, giving them air in all benign intervals, if possible once a day. Plant also Ranunculus' of Tripoli, Vernal Crocus', &c. Remove seedling Holy-hocs, or others. Plant now your choice Tulips, etc. which you feared to inter at the beginning of September; they will be more secure, and forward enough: but plant them in natural earth somewhat impoverished with very fine sand; else they will soon lose their variegations; some more rich earth may lie at the bottom, within reach of the fibres: Now have a care your Carnations catch not too much wet; therefore retire them to covert, where they may be kept from the rain, not the air, or lay them on the sides; trimming them with fresh mould. All sorts of Bulbous roots may now also be safely buried; likewise Iris', etc. You may yet sow Alaternus, and Phillyrea seeds: It will now be good to Beat, Roll, and Mow Carpet-walks, and Cammomile; for now the ground is supple, and it will even all inequalities: Finish your last Weeding, etc. Sweep and cleanse your Walks, and all other places, of Autumnal leaves fallen, lest the Worms draw them into their holes, and foul your Gardens, etc. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting. AMaranthus tricolor, etc. After Atticus, Amomum, Antirrhinum, Colchicum, Saffron, Cyclamen, Clematis, Heliotrops, Stock-gilly-flo. Geranium triste, Ind. Tuberose's jacynth, Limonium, Lychnis white and double, Pomum Amoris and Aethiop. Marvel of Peru, Millefol. luteum, Autumnal Narciss. Pansies, Aleppo Narciss. Spherical Narciss. Nasturt. Persicum, Gilly-flo. Virgin. Phalangium, Pilosella, Violets, Veronica, Arbutus, Span. jasmine, and yellow Ind. jasmine, Monthly Rose, Oranges, myrtles, Balaust. ♐ NOVEMBER Hath xxx. days, long— 08 h-52 m Sun rises 07ʰ-34ᵐ Sets 04ʰ-26ᵐ To be done In the Orchard, and Olitory-Garden. CArry Compost out of your Melon-ground, or turn and mingle it with the earth, and lay it in Ridges ready for the Spring: Also trench and fit ground for Artichokes, etc. Continue your Setting and Transplanting of Trees; lose no time, hard Frosts come on apace: Yet you may lay bare old roots. Plant young Trees Standards or Mural. Furnish your Nursery with Stocks to graft on the following year. Sow, and set early Beans and Pease till Shrovetide; and now lay up in your Cellars for Seed, to be transplanted at Spring, Carrots, Parsneps, Turnips, Cabbages, Caully-flowers, etc. Cut off the tops of Asparagus, and cover it with long-dung, or make Beds to plant in Spring, etc. Now, in a dry day, gather your last Orchard-fruits. Take up your Potatoes for Winter spending, there will enough remain for stock, though never so exactly gathered. Fruits in Prime, or yet lasting. Apples. THe Belle-bonne, the William, Summer Pearmain, Lording-apple, Pear-apple, Cardinal, Winter Chess-nut, Short start, etc. and and some others of the former two last Months, etc. Pears. Messire jean, Lord-pear, long Bergamot, Warden (to bake) Burnt-cat, Sugar-pear, Lady-pear, Ice-pear, Dove-pear, Deadmans-pear, Winter Bergamot, Bell-pear, etc. Arbutus, Bullis, Medlars, Services. ♐ NOVEMBER Hath xxx. days, long— 08 h-52 m Sun rises 07ʰ-34ᵐ Sets 4 h-26 m To be done In the Parterre, and Flower-Garden. SOw Auricula seeds thus; prepare very rich earth, more than half dung, upon that sieft some very light sandy mould, and the earth gotten out of old hollow Willow-trees; and then sow: set your Cases or Pans in the Sun till March. Cover your peeping Ranunculus', &c. Now is your best season (the weather open) to plant your fairest Tulips in places of shelter, and under Espaliers; but let not your earth be too rich; vide October. Transplant ordinary jasmine, etc. About the middle of this Month (or sooner, if weather require) quite enclose your tender Plants, and perennial Greene's, Shrubs, etc. in your Conservatory, secluding all entrance of cold, and especially sharp winds; and if the Plants become exceeding dry, and that it do not actually freeze, refresh them sparingly with qualified water, (i) mingled with a little Sheep's, or Cowdung: If the season prove exceeding piercing (which you may know by the freezing of a dish of water set for that purpose in your Green-house) kindle some Charcoals, and when they have done smoking, put them in a hole sunk a little into the floor about the middle of it: This is the safest Stove: At all other times, when the air is warmed by the beams of a fine day, and that the Sun darts full upon the house, show them the light; but enclose them again before the Sun be gone off: Note, That you must never give your Aloes, or Sedums one drop of water during the whole Winter: And indeed, you can hardly be too sparing of Water to your hous'd-plants; the not observing of this destroys more Plants than all the rudenesses of the Season: To know when they want refreshing, consider the leaves; if they shrivel and fold up, give them drink; if pale, and whitish, they have already too much; and the defect is at the roots, which are in peril of rotting. If your Aloes grow manifestly too dry, expose it a while to the air when clear, 'twill immediately recover them. House your choicest Carnations, or rather set them under a Penthouse against a South-wall, so as a Covering being thrown over them to preserve them in extremity of weather, they may yet enjoy the freer air at all other times. Prepare also Mattrasses, Boxes, Cases, Pots, etc. for shelter to your tender Plants and Seedlings newly sown, if the weather prove very bitter. Plant Roses, Althaea Frutex, Lilac, Syringas, Cytisus, Peonies, etc. Plant also Fibrous roots, specified in the precedent Month. Sow also stony-seeds mentioned in October. Plant all Forest trees for Walks, Avenues, and Groves. Sweep and cleanse your Garden-walks, and all other places, from Autumnal leaves. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting. ANemonies, Meadow Saffron, Antirrhinum, Stock-gilly-flo. Bellis, Clematis, Pansies, some Carnations, double Violets, Vetonica, Spanish and Indian jasmine, myrtles, Musk Rose, etc. ♑ DECEMBER Hath xxxj. days, long— 07 h-40 m Sun rises 08ʰ-10ᵐ Sets 03ʰ-50ᵐ To be done In the Orchard, and Olitory-Garden. PRune, and Nail Wall-fruit, and Standard-trees. You may now plant Vines, etc. Also Stocks for Graffing, etc. Sow, as yet, Pomace of Ciderpressing to raise Nurseries; and set all sorts of Kernels, Stones, etc. Sow for early Beans and Pease, but take heed of the Frosts; therefore surest to defer it till after Christmas, unless the Winter promise very moderate. All this Month you may continue to Trench Ground, and dung it, to be ready for Bordures, or the planting of Fruit-trees, etc. Either late in this month, or in january prune, and cut off all your Vine-shoots to the very root, save one or two of the stoutest to be left with three or four eyes of young wood: This for the Vineyard. Now feed your weak Stocks. Turn and refresh your Autumnal Fruit, lest it taint, and open the Windows where it lies, in a clear and Serene day. Fruits in Prime, and yet lasting. Apples. ROusseting, Leather-coat, Winter Reed, Chess-nut Apple, Great-belly, the Go-no-further, or Catshead, with some of the precedent Month. Pears. The Squib-pear, Spindle-pear, Doyoniere, Virgin, Gascogne-Bergomot, Scarlet-pear, Stopple-pear, white, red and French Wardens, (to bake or roast) etc. ♑ DECEMBER Hath xxxj. days, long— 07 h-40 m Sun rises 08ʰ-10ᵐ Sets 03ʰ-50ᵐ To be done In the Parterre, and Flower-Garden. AS in january continue your hostility against Vermine. Preserve from too much Rain and Frost your choicest Anemonies, Ranunculus', Carnations, etc. Be careful now to keep the Doors and Windows of your Conservatories well matted, and guarded from the piercing Air: for your Oranges, etc. are now put to the test: Temper the cold with a few Charcoal governed as directed in November, etc. Set Bay-berries, etc. dropping ripe. Look to your Fountain-pipes, and cover them with fresh and warm Litier out of the Stable, a good thickness, lest the frosts crack them; remember it in time, and the Advice will save you both trouble and charge. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting. ANemonies some, Persian, and Common winter Cyclamen, Antirrhinum, Black Hellebor, Laurus tinus, single Primroses, Stock-gilly-flo. Iris Clusii, Snow flowers or drops, Yucca, etc. FOr by such a Calendar it is that a Royal Garden, or Plantation may be contrived according to my Lord Verulam's design, pro singulis Anni Mensibus, for every Month of the Year. But because it is in this cold Season, that our Gardener is chief diligent about preserving his more tender, rare, exotic, and costly Shrubs, Plants and Flowers; We have thought fit to add the Catalogue, as it is (much after this sort) collected to our hands by the Learned, and Industrious Doctor Sharrock (though with some reformation and improvement) of all such, as according to their different Natures do require more or less indulgence: And these we have distributed likewise into the three following Classes. I. CLASS. Being lest patiented of Cold, and therefore to be first set into the Conservatory, or other ways defended. ACacia Aegyptiaca, Aloe American. Amaranthus tricolor, Aspalathus Cret. Balsamum, Helichryson, Chamelaea tricoccoes, Nasturtium Indicum, Indian Narcissus, Ornithogalon Arab. Ind. Phaseol. Capsicum Ind. Pomum Aethiop. Aureum, Spinosum, Summer Sweet Majoran, the two Marums Syriac. etc. Dactyls, Pistacio's, the great Indian Fig, Lilac flo. alb. Lavendula Multif. Clus Cistus Ragusaeus flo. alb. Colutea Odorata Cretica, Narcissus Tuberosus, Styrax Arbor, etc. II. CLASS. Enduring the second degree of Cold, and accordingly to be secured in the Conservatory. AMomum Plinii, Carob, Chamelaea Alpestris, Cistus Ledon Clus Citron, Vernal Cyclamen, Summer Purple Cyclamen, Digitalis Hispan. Geranium triste, Hedysarum Clypeatum, Aspalathus Creticus, Span. jasmine, Virgin. jasmine, Suza Iris, jacobaea Marina, Alexandrian Laurel, Oleanders', Limonium elegans, myrtles, Oranges, Lentiscus, Levantine tufted Narcissus, Gill. flo. and choicest Carnations, Phalangium Creticum, Astatic double and single Ranunculus', Narcissus of japan, Cytisus rubra, Canna Indica, Thymus Capitatus, Verbena nodi flo. Cretica, etc. III. CLASS. Which not perishing but in excessive Colds, are therefore to be last set in; or rather protected under Mattrasses, and slighter Cover, abroad in the Earth, Cases, Boxes or Pots, etc. ABrotonum mass. foem. Winter Aconite, Adiantum Verum, Bellis Hispan. Calceolus Mariae, Capparis, Cineraria, Cneorum Matthioli, Cytisus Maranthae, rub. Lunatus, Eryngium planum totum Caeruleum, Fritillaria mont. Genista Hispan. flo. alb. Pomegranads, Oriental jacynth, Bulbous Iris, Laurels, Cherry Laurel, Lychnis double white, Matricaria double flo. Olives, Pancration, Papaver spinociss. Maracoc, Rosemary, Sisynrichium, Turpentine-tree, Teucrium mas Tithymal. Myrtifol. Vetonica doub. flo. single Violets, Lavender, Serpentaria trifol. etc. Ornithogalon Arab. white and doub. Narcissus of Constantinople, late Pine-apples, Moly, Persian jasmine, Opuntia, or the smaller Indian Fig, jucca, Seseli Aethiop. Agnus Castus, Malva Arborescens, Cistus mass. Althaea Frutex, Sarsaparilla, Cupressus, Crithmum marinum, etc. And to these might some others be added; but we conceive them sufficient, and more than (we fear) some envious and mercenary gardeners will thank us for; but they deserve not the name of that Communicative and noble Profession: However, this, as a Specimen of our Affection to the Public, and in Commiseration of divers honourable, and Industrious Persons, whose Inclination to this innocent Toil has made them spare no Treasure, or Pains for the furniture of their Parterres with variety, the miscarriage whereof being sometimes universal to the Curious, has made us the more freely to impart both what we have experimentally learned by our own Observations, and from others of undoubted Candour and Ingenuity: But of this we promise a more ample Illustration as it concerns the entire Art, together with all its Ornaments of Use and Magnificence, as these endeavours of ours shall find entertainment, and opportunity contribute to the Design. FINIS.