AN EXACT RELATION Of all the TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEED, BETWEEN The KING of DENMARK, AND The KING of SWEDEN, AND Their MINISTERS.  
From the Treaty at Rottshild, Concluded February 26. 1657/ 1658.  
LONDDN, Printed for Simon Miller, and are to be Sold at the Star in St Paul's Churchyard, 1659.   

AN EXACT RELATION OF ALL THE TRANSACTIONS Betwixt the Commissioners of the King of Denmark, and Ambassadors of the King of Sweden, since the late Conclusion of Peace at Rottshild; And other ensuing Actions.  
IT is every where sufficiently known, how in February last (by a more than ordinary frost) not only the Rivers, but also the very Seas (wherein the strength of the Danish Islands consist) were covered with Ice, in such a manner, that thereby the King of Sweden, had a fair opportunity to pass with his Army and Artillery over them, first into the Isle of Funen, and afterwards into that of Zealand: And also that thereupon, by the Authority and mediation of the most Christian King of France, and his Highness the Lord Protector of England, etc. and through the most serious endeavours of their Ambassadors, betwixt the Commissioners of the Warrying Kings, a Peace most advantageous to the King and Kingdom of Sweden, hath been concluded at Rottshild, on the 26 day of February last, and since approved and ratified by the Kings and Senators of both Crowns, and at Coppenhaguen solemnly interchanged.  
And although his Majesty the King of Denmark, according to the Tenor of the treaty, hath resigned and yielded up to his Majesty the King of Sweden, such and so many strong and considerable Places and Havens, which in all probability the Kingdom of Sweden could not have gotten by the Sword in many years; viz. The excellent Provinces of Shonen, and Bleking; containing so many strong holds, as Malmen, Landscron, Christianople, Elsingbourgh, Christianstad, etc. As also the two most considerable Shires in Norway, to wit, the almost invincible Fortress Bahuse, and the City of Drunthime, with all other places that have dependency from the same: The Isle of Brenholm, whole Yempterland, and cleared the Castle of Bremerreurde; all in conformity to the 16 Article of the above mentioned treaty, as by the Extract sub lit. (A) here annexed is to be seen. Hoping the King of Sweden should also, according to his promise, and the tenor of the said Article, withdraw with his Army the first of May next ensuing, out of such Danish Provinces, Dukedoms and Countries, as were specified therein, and by him (during the War) seized upon; but nothing was performed: and under various pretences, the marching away of the Army delayed, to the utter ruin of the Country.  
His Majesty the King of Denmark, did not think, that after the ratification of the concluded Peace, there was any thing left, which deserved a new Treaty: Yet (to promote the execution of that, which had been already agreed upon) condescended thereunto, admitting the Swedish Ambassadors, the Lord Steno Bidken, and Pet. Jul. Cojet in Coppenhaguen, etc. naming them Commissioners to treat withal. At their very first meeting, they made motion of a nearer Alliance and Union betwixt the two Northern Crowns: but as soon as the Danish Commissioners begun to speak of any restriction, the Swedish Abassadours not liking that any exception should be made, deferred this Point to other Conferences.  
In the mean while the Ambassadors of Holstein, arrived at Coppenhaguen, desiring satisfaction for their Majesty, which according to the 22 Article of the already mentioned Treaty of Peace sub lit. (B) was to consist in Reason; but the Swedish Ambassadors, taking presently the Duke of Holsteins' party, pretendeth things fare beyond Reason. Notwithstanding his Majesty the King of Denmark, by granting him the major part of the Dumcapitle of Sleswigh, and the Lordship Swabstead, made also an end of that business, to the full satisfaction of both their Superiors, as is more at large evidenced by the Writings made to this purpose, and confirmed on all sides. The more haste was made for the finishing of this business on the side of Denmark, because not only the Swedish Ministers, but also the Ambassadors of France, and the extraordinary Envoy of England had given iterative Assurances, that as soon as ever this Agreement, with the said Duke was brought to an issue, that then the Army of the King of Sweden, should presently march out of all the King of Denmark's Territories. Whereupon the Swedish Ambassadors also, dispatch a Letter to the Chief Admiral Wrangle, as General of the King of sweden Army of this Tenor, That now the Treaty betwixt the King of Denmark, and the Duke of Holstein being ended, he was to keep himself ready with his Army to march out of the Dominions of Denmark. Which Letter was delivered open to the King, who by an express sent it to the said General Wrangle. No sooner was this satisfactory Treaty ended and subscribed, but the Ambassadors of Sweden, found out new pretences, to delay still the marching of the Army out of the Country. The first was of the Island of Ween, as if the same belonged not to the Isle of Zealand, but to the Province of Shonen; and howbeit this Island was never depending from Shonen, but ever and from times out of memory hath pertained to the Isle of Zealand; which is evident, whilst the Indwellers of the same, pay their Taxes to the Governor of Cronenbourgh to this very day, are judged by the Laws of Zealand, being also bondmen as the Country people of Zealand, and not free, as they of Shonen are. The only thing the Swedish Ministers had to colour their pretences withal, was that the said Inhabitants pleaded their Causes before the Chief Justice of Shonen, which at their humble request, the late King Christian the 4th of everlasting memory, had given them leave to do, because the Chief Justice of Shonen, lived but seven leagues distant from them; whereas he of Zealand lived near twenty seven leagues, and this the King granted them only for a a time, till other and better expedients might be devised.  
Notwithstanding his Majesty of Denmark, would rather give away this Island to the King of Sweden, as he hath promised to do, then longer to see all his Subjects sigh under the heavy burdens and oppression of the Swedish Army.  
No sooner had they obtained this Island Ween, but the restitution of three Salt-Ships, taken in the sound in the time of War, was pretended and valued twice as much as they were worth; yet had they also in this an accomplishment of their desires, the restitution of the Ships, with all their equipage being given; and for the Salt, a considerable Sum of Money.  
When it should now seem, that all was brought to an happy end, and that the Swedes had nothing more to pretend, they begun anew to demand satisfaction for the booty gotten by our men in Guinea, from the Swedish West- India Company, during the late (duly denunciated, and elsewhere sufficiently justified) War, pretending therefore 400000 Rixdollers; whereas it is sufficiently known, that it cannot amount to 100000 Rixdollers. And besides, this the King of Denmark was not bound to any further restitution, as to the Castle without the Guns, Provision and Munition, as it was demonstrated to the Swedish Ambassadors, and is clearly to be seen by the 14 Article of the  Treaty of Peace sub lit. (C) But yet would his Majesty of Denmark rather give them content in this most unreasonable demand, than to have the Swedish Army longer upon free quarters in his Country; offering to give his, and all the Senators of the Kingdom's bond, for the whole pretended Sum of the 400000 Rixdollers, and to pay them as soon as possible he could; but this would not please the Swedish Ministers; who pretended first the King should give them some Land for a pawn, and afterwards security of sufficient Merchants in Hambourgh, who were to bind themselves, and pay the said 400000 Rixdollers within the space of one year, as their own debt. At this his Majesty showed to the Swedish Ambassadors, that the last of their demands was in this conjuncture of time, wholly impossible for him to perform, since his Kingdoms (as long as the Swedish Army was in possession of the most part of the same) could not find credit for such a Sum: But this excuse, how true and agreerble to Reason, was not regarded by the Swedish Ministers: wherefore his Majesty (that he might not be thought to have omitted any thing, how hard soever, if it were but in his power to perform) offered them as before, his and all the Senators of his Kingdom's Obligation of the said Sum of 400000 Rixdollers, and the possession of the Isle of Island, with the benefits thereof, till such time that the said Sum should be paid, and the Castle of Guinea restored by the Commissioners, which for that purpose were offered to the Swedish Ministers, who it was hoped, would have been satisfied therewith, and in conformity of the Treaty of Peace, and their Iterative promises, endeavoured the marching away of the Army out of his Majesty's Dominion: But the Swedish Ministers would come to no conclusion. One of them Sir Peter Julius Cojet, departed from hence towards Holstein, promising there to inform his King and Master how the case stood, and also to promote as much as in him lay the marching away of the King his Master's Army, and to return again within Fourteen Days.  
Thus full satisfaction having been given even to the King of Sweden, his most unjust and unreasonable Pretences. All the Countries and strong places according to the Tenor of the Treaty of Peace delivered; the Castle of Bremerveurde restored, and thereupon the Reciprocal Evacuation of the Isle of Funen, and the strong place of Friderighs-Odde expected; and that the more, because the oft mentioned Swedish Ambassadors had showed to the Senators of the Kingdom of Denmark, an original Letter of the King their Master to this purpose: As soon as Bremerveurde shall be rendered unto me, will I not only evacuat the Isle of Tunen and Frederighs-Odde, but also withdraw with my whole Army; which nevertheless was not his intention, as the event sufficiently witnesses; Beginning anew to make great Complaints, that the promised 2000 Horse were not fully delivered, and that this was the reason, why he could not yet march away with his Army; It was therefore resolved to give them satisfaction in this particular, but the Officers by the King of Sweden, ordained to receive so many Horses as were wanting, and chief Major General Bottigher, made one difficulty after another, for not receiving them; as they should be all Germans, and no Danes amongst them, some of the Troopers had no Cloaks, the Horse were not all of one size, Saddles and Pistols were not to their liking; the mean Officers and the Servants of the Officers they would not not receive into the number; pretending besides that 65 Men were wanting, and such like complaints more they made, till at length they thovyht to have a fit opportunity to put their dangerous design into Execution; and having a while before received in Yutland 500, and in Holstein the yet wanting 500 Horse, a little without contradiction, we thought ourselves now secured, and in a peaceable condition, and therefore Disbanded the most part of our Forces; in expectation from day to day, that the so long looked for, and so often promised Marching away of the Swedish Army should be performed; when in lieu thereof we not only received news, that the Lands laying about Gluckstad, Crempe, and Rensboghur, were burdened with free quarters of the Swedish Soldiers; which Lands according to Agreement were to be spared, as the King of Sweden, when he was lately at Gottenbourg, not only confirmed anew, but by an especial Command charged his Lieutenant General in those parts, the Paltsgrave of Sulchbagh so to do; Which Commands of his were in an open Letter delivered unto our Ambassador, therewith for a while to appease or rather lull asleep the King his Master; By these proceed were not only the Country People living in the said Lands in a more than ordinary manner loaded with Soldiers, and a great many of them utterly ruined; but also the substance whereby his Majesty's Garrisons were to subsist, was taken away from them.  
And whilst we were secure and in expectation of the Swedish Ambassador Cojet his return with ratification of all that had been concluded: The King of Sweden with his Army embarked at Kiel, under pretence of being bound for Pomerania, or Borussia, in a Hostile manner invades anew without any denunciation of War, and at a time, when nothing less was looked for, this Isle of Zealand: His Majesty's Horse dispersed up and down in the Country he sets upon, some he forces to take service under him, and to the rest he stopped their passage to Coppenhagnen, which place he has now Besieged, and is come so fare with his approaches, that he is not a Pistol shot from the Walls, and goes on more and more to come nearer. He has also taken the Town called Helsingneur, and with three batteries fires without intermission upon the Castle of Cronenburge; but the intention is so well there as here to defend us to the utmost.  
Upon a sudden there came also a Royal Swedish Fleet before the Harbour of this City, hindering that nothing can come out or in to the same, by the which John Frederick Duke of Lunenbourgh and Brunswig, Brother to our Queen, with the Ship he came in, has been taken, who being not interested in the differences of Denmark and Sweden, aught to have been considered as a Prince of the Roman Empire. Many other foreign ships they have also detained; and the above mentioned Swedish Ambassador Cojet, who but lately departed from hence in Friendship, having here received many Courtesies and good Entertainment, is now in Person with the Fleet, from whence he has sent Letters hither to his Colleague the Senator and Ambassador Steno Bielken, the which for gathering in his lodging men and all kind of Arms, and casting of Bullets at Night time, has been secured, and his men divided, and elsewhere lodged.  
Let now the World judge without Passion, if these proceed and the renewing of this War be not quite contrary to the late agreement, and chief against the first Article of the same; which contains, That henceforth between both Kings a firm, everlasting and irrecovocable Peace was established, the misintelligences past, and the War and Enmity laid aside, and that for the future they should live in a steadfast Friendship and good Neighbourhood together; In such a manner, that both Kings were bound not only to promote each others welfare as their own, but also to defend each others Kingdoms, Countries and Subjects from injuries, as much as in them lay, which is to be seen more at large in the said Article, sub lit. (D.) here annexed.  
In conclusion, By all here before related proceed it will appear, that hitherto the Swedes have had no thoughts of Peace, studying nothing else but to find out pretences and occasions to go from Treaty of Peace so solemnly concluded, on both sides confirmed, and by Denmark in all points performed; not regarding that the same, fide publicâ, by the mediation and laborious interposition of his most Christian Majesty, and his Highness the Lord Protector of Engdland, etc. Ambassador and extraordinary Envoy has been concluded, and of them subscribed and sealed; as out of the here annexed clause, sub lit. (E.) is to be seen.  
Let therefore all the World so well Friends as Foes judge, whether this new irruption of the King of Sweden into this Island be attempted for any other cause, or to any other end, then to subvert the government thereof and master it, making himself thereby the more able to fall upon his other neighbours, and so obtain the absolute dominion of the Baltic Sea, to the great prejudice of them that have Trade and Navigation in the same. Yet do we trust in the Lord, and the justice of our Cause, knowing ourselves innocent and guiltless before him, (who searcheth Hearts and Reins,) as well as before all the world, not to have omitted or committed any thing that might be the occasion of a new breach; hoping God Almighty will help and defend his Majesty of Denmark, Norway, etc. with his Powerful Arm, and that his most Christian Majesty the King of France, and his Highness the Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, will not only disavow this wrongful and unjust attempt, but also in conformity of their interposition and warrantty by their Authority or such other means, as they shall think convenient, dispose the King of Sweden to desist from this most unjust enterprise, and to perform all the points of the often mentioned Treaty, as well as the King of Denmark has done on his side, and to give his Majesty for his received wrong and undeserved damages, full and due reparation and satisfaction. Given at Coppenhaguen, 23. August Anno. 1658.   

Extracts of such Articles as are mentioned in this Information out of the Treaty of Peace Concluded betwixt the Kings of Denmark and Sweden, etc. 26 of February, in the year 1657/1658. at Rottshield.  

A. ARTIC. XVI.  
TO the end, that the evacuation and interchanging of the before named Provinces, Towns, and strong places, may be done without disorder, it hath been agreed by the consent of both Parties, on this following manner: That as soon as the 2000 Horse (which his Majesty the King of Denmark, promises hereby to give unto the King of Sweden) shall be delivered, the Swedish Army is presently to march out of Zealand: Whereupon are to be delivered to the King of Sewden his Commissioners Helsenbourgh, the 27 of Febr. Lanscron the 28, Malmeu the first of March; then Christiansted the fourth of the same Month, and the same day Naxchau is to be delivered to the Danish Commissioners; at the same time the Swedish Army is to march out of Laland, Falster and Langeland: The 15 of March is Christianople, and what is remaining in Bleking, as also Bornholm, in case it be possible, and that wind and Wedder will permit it to be surrendered, then Bahuse the 28 of the same Month: Further is Drunthime, Yempterland, and Bremerveurde, as well as all other places, which his Majesty of Denmark hath gained, during this War, where, and in what place soever it be, to be delivered and restored to the Commissioners of Swedland the first day of may, at which time the Army of his Majesty the King of Sweden, is also to march out of Funen, Yutland, Sleswig, Holstein, Stormar and Ditmarshen, with the Islelands, Fortresses, Forts, and Nobleman's Houses, and to deliver up to the Danish Commissioners the strong places of Friderighs Odd, Pinnenberg, Halsconce, and all such others; as his Majesty the King of Sweden, during the War, hath gotten in his possession. At the same day his Majesty of Sweden, is also to deliver up the Island Alseu, Sunderbourgh and Norebourgh to the right owners of the same, and if any other place in the above named Kingdoms, Provinces, Dukedoms, and Islands be taken by the one or other, it shall all be restored and delivered to him, who formerly hath been the right owner thereof, as well as if it were specified herein.   

B. ARTIC. XXII.  
HIs Majesty the King of Denmark, etc. shall give to the Duke of Sleswing, Holstein, Gottorp, etc. satisfaction according to equity, wherever the Commissioners of both parties, to wit, of his Majesty of Denmark, and the said Duke of Holstein, are to Treat.   

C. ARTIC. XIV.  
ANd whilst all the strong places, as well those that have been taken, during the War, as all others, so by this Treaty of Peace shall be given over, are to be delivered without Provision and Munition; it is agreed upon, that the Country People of that Shire or Province, wherein such strong places are situated, shall be bound to carry the Provision and Ammunition to that part of the Sea side, where most conveniently they may be embarqed and shipped away.   

D. ARTIC. I.  
IN the first place, there shall be between both Kings, their Successors, Kingdoms, Countries, Counsellors, Servants, Subjects, and Inhabitants a firm and everlasting Peace, so that henceforth all misintelligences, dissension, strife, enmity, War and Hostility are to cease and end; as also what hath passed on both sides as well before, as during the War, in virtue of a general amnesty shall be buried in Oblivion, and never at any time remembered or spoken of, but rather shall there be a firm Amity, Confidence, Union, and true Neighbourhood established and entertained, so, and in such a manner, that one the others good and welfare shall advance and promote: And that which might prove prejudicial and hurtful to the others Person; Government, Kingdoms, Country and Subjects, hinder, and as much as is pissible, prevent.   

E. After the XXVIII. ARTICLE at the end.  
FOr the better assurance, that all this, in all his Points, so as it is here mentioned, hath been by us Concluded and Agreed upon, and that on the side of his Majesty, our most gracious King, and the Crown of Swedland, it shall be faithfully and inviolably kept and performed, as also that the ratification thereof, at the appointed time, shall be exhibited and delivered, is this by us subscribed and sealed with our Signets; desiring moreover, that the Ambassadors of his most Christian Majesty, and the extraordinary Envoy of his Highness the Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, as Mediators of this Treaty of Peace, will be pleased, for the better Confirmation and Testification of the same, to subscribe and seal this as well as we. Given at Rottshield Febr. 26. An. 1627/1628.   


Le Chevalier de Farlon.  
Philip Meadow.  
Corfich Earl of Ulefeld.  
Steno Biclk.     

EXcuse, Courteous Reader, if we do not answer thy expectations, in giving thee a further account of what hath passed in the siege of Coppenhaguen from the 23 of Aug. till now, how the Besiegers make use of empoisened Bullets, and other Engines not usual amongst Christians; as also of the deplorable and unspeakable devastation and desolation, caused by the remaining Swedish Forces, in the Dukedom of Holstein, and the adjoining Provinces, by burning and utterly destroying all the Cities, Towns, Villages, Nobleman's Houses of the same. Whereby thousands of Women and Children are droven to lie in the open Fields, and to cry for vengeance from Heaven; We hope the Lord will hear their Prayers, and show his just Judgement upon the oppressors, when according to his Wisdom, he shall think them ripe for punishment. Whereof we intent to give thee a full and true Information in due time.  
Farewell.