Gulielm. Fabricius Hildamus, HIS EXPERIMENTS IN chirurgery: Concerning Combustions or Burnings, made with Gun powder, Iron shot, Hot-water, Lightning, or any other fiery matter whatsoever. In which is excellently described the differences, Signs, Prognostication and cures, of all accidents and burning themselves. Very necessary and useful for all Gentlemen, and Soldiers as well of the trained Bands, as others; especially upon sudden occasions. Translated out of Latin by John Steer, chirurgeon.  
London, Printed by Barnard Alsop, living in Grubstreet, 1642.   

A TABLE CONTAINING The Contents of each several Chapter in this book,  

CHAP. I. Fol, 3. OF the Definition and cause of Combustions and Burnings.  
The degree and distinction of Combustions, declared in three particulars, as also from whence the directions curative are to be taken. Chap. 2.  
The signs by the which those three Degrees of combustions may be known and distinguished, Chap. 3.  
The Sign or Prognostication of Combustions, Chap. 4.  
Of a twofold Method of curing combustions, chap. 5.  
The curations of the first Degree of combustions, chap. 6.  
The curation of the second Degree of combustions, Chap. 7.  
The Cure of the third and last Degree of combustions, Chap. 8.  
Of the Combustions of the Eyes, chap. 9  
Of Combustions of the groins, Chap. 10.  
Of Combustions of the joints, Chap. 11.  
Of Pain, and the cure thereof, Chap. 12.  
Of the imbecility of the Sight, Chap. 13.  
Of the deformity of scars and their Remedy Chap. 14.  
Of the retracted Nerves and crooked Juncturs after Combustions, Chap. 15.  
Of Lightning, and how those that are stricken with it, are to be succoured, chap, 16.   
The end of the Table.   

CHAP. I. Of the Definition and cause of Combustions or Burnings.  
ALthough Combustions be very well known from other effects, yet for the better explaining of the Doctrine, before we enter any further, we will thus describe it.  
Combustion is the solution of continuity of Epidermis or the outward skin of the body, sometimes of Cutis or the true skin, and oftentimes of the Musculi, Flesh, veins, Arteries, Nerves, &c. marked with the strength of the Fire; Now there followeth after this Combustion vehement pain, inflammation, pustels, &c. and if the Combustion be deep, the body will be foul, and will easily produce a filthy and malignant ulcer, for as soon as ever the fire or the fiery substance hath touched the skin, the radical moisture is presently dried from the part; hereby the skin waxeth hard, and is drawn together. The rest of the Humour which remaineth within the skin and the parts adjacent, becometh very hot, and getteth the nature of the Fire: Furthermore, that hardness of the skin which the parts circumjacent have drawn together, as also the Ebullution of Humours and solution of Continuity do raise intolerable pain, which draweth unto it many humours from the parts adjacent, which (if the Combustion be but light) doth run together under the upper skin, and hardeneth the same, by reason of the strength of the Fire; and not admitting transpiration they are lifted up, and hereby come pustels; but if the Combustion be great, so that the true skin be also hurt, it will be hardened unto an scar, than the Humours which are engendered and whatsoever else is retained and imprisoned under that hard skin will still flow thither by reason of the pain, whereby not only the heat which they have received of the Fire is increased; but also what blood or Humours sooner doth flow from the body and the parts adjacent, do also wax hot and burning, and do get a certain sharp and biting quality: Hereby it cometh to pass, that the Humours do crode and gnaw the place affected, and do cause a great ulcer.  
Furthermore it is to be noted, that as there are many things with the which the Fire doth imprint his strength and quality, which as they do differ in substance, so one much more vehemently burneth then the other; therefore how much hard or solid the wood or mettle is, so much the more ardent heat is retained therein: Also the heat of oil, Fat, wax, pitch, new wine boiled unto the third part, as hereafter we will declare by an example; and those which do lightly stick are much mor hotter than hot water; For experience teacheth that Lead will be dissolved in hot oil, which will never be done in water, although it be in the height of heat. When Lyme is quenched than it is so heated, that not only it exulcerateth and burneth the skin and the flesh, but also it most violently draweth together the skin, nerves, and junctures. But the most vehement and dangerous Fire of all, is Heavenly Fire, or Lightning, for it containeth supernatural Faculties, as hereafser in order shall be declared.   

CHAP. II. The Degree and distribution of Combustions declared in three particulars, as also from whence the Directions curative are to be taken.  
ALthough Combustions be made of divers matters, as with mettles and liquours, as we have afore declared, yet that little or nothing profiteth to the cure; for even as Combustions made with red hot Iron is like unto Combustions made with Gold or Silver being hot, so also Cembustions whether they be made with hot oil, wax, pitch, &c. among themselves (according to their snbstance) do not differ, neither do they require a particular Method in curing; Even as that most worthy D. D. Laurentius Faubertus, a singular man, and well practised in Chirurgery, doth testify. Now as the Cure may be rightly instituted, we will divide all Combustions, of what fiery matter soever they are made, into 3. divisions, to wit, into a Small, Indifferent, and Great; For if the thing which burneth doth not long stick unto the body, or be but light as straw, flax, hemp, or any kind of light or dry wood, or any thing which quickly falleth off, they are but only pustels raised, and this is the first degree or particular: But if the substance do something longer stick, or shall be induced with a more violent heat, than not only the Pustels are raised, but also the true skin is made destitute of radical moisture from the part, and it is something dried and drawn together, but not as yet any Escar made.  
Thirdly, if the fiery matter do stick very long, and doth contain in it a most violent heat, than not only the true skin, but also the flesh, veins, arteirs, Nerves &c. are burned, drawn together, and dried into an Eskar, because the natural moisture is consumed, with the strength of the fire: wherefore there are Medicines which are to be changed and applied, according to these differences, as hereafter is declared. The second judication is taken from the part affected, for not one and the same Medicine doth agree with the Eye Members, generative, nerves, junctures, musculous, flesh, &c. Also women and children, who are endued with an exquisite sense, do require more gentle Medicines, but contrary those of a hard and rustic flesh, and which are strong men, require more stronger Remedies, as Galen rightly admonisheth.  
From this description, and distribution of Combustions the Method of curing easily appeareth, which we (God willing) will declare in three Chapters, like as we have distributed Combustions in three Species or Particuculars.   

CHAP. III. The signs by the which those three Degrees of Combustions may be known and distinguished.  
SEeing that we have divided Combustions into three degrees or species, and further, have prescribed a proper remedy unto every particular, it is necessary to declare how they are distinguished by signs and notes; Therefore the signs of the first particular or small Combustion are these, redness of the skin, a sharp and pricking pain, like as though the skin were rubbed with Nettle-sced; by and by (except there be fit remedies applied) the place is inflamed, and pustles do arise, in the which is contained clear and white water, as also the upper skin is separated. A light combustion is known by the Circumstances, to wit, that the fiery substance was gentle, as Straw, flax, hemp, and the like; or that did fall off, as hot water: or that the part touched it but a little moment of time, on the contrary in the other species, the fiery substance did touch the part a longer time, or it retained some greater heat in it, as hot iron, or any liquid mettle hard wood, Pitch, oil, Wax, and the like: From hence it cometh, that the place doth presently inflame, waxeth red, painful and burneth, and in the very same moment pustels are elevated, in which are contained thin water, and waxeth yellow and is sore by reason of the stretching of the skin, which is stretched and drawn together by the staunch of the fire. Now in the last Species, even in the same moment when the fiery substance doth stick to the body, there are pustels elevated, but presently they fall again, and chiefly in same place where the Combustion is great and vehement, and the under skin seemeth black and won, and hardly feeleth, though it be pricked with a Lancet, for there is a hard and dry crust, which when it falleth off, there remaineth a deep and profound ulcer, from the nature of the fiery matter, and the space how long it hath stuck unto the body, a great Combustion may be known. Furthermore Combustions doth speedily require a Surgeon, and let him inquire to what Species it is to be referred To wit, whether it be light, indifferent or great, if it be light, let it be holpen with the remedies declared in the 6. Chap. lest pustels be raised; if indifferent, then tune unto the 7. Chap. but if it be vehement and great, poceed; as we have declared in the 8. Chapter.   

CHAP. IV. The sign or Prognostication of Combustions.  
A Light Combustion, where the the skin is only hurt, although it be something painful, yet it may easily, and in a short time be cured, and there will scarce any scar be perceived, if the cure be rightly instituted, and according to Art: But contrary, a great Combustion is hard to be healed, which also leaveth behind it a filthy and withered scar, by reason of the perdition and contraction of the skin, if pustils do not appear in the beginning. The many humours do concur together unto the offended part, which do putrify and get a kind of a sharp and knawing quality, so that they do deeply crode the skin and flesh, and do cause a rotten ulcer and naughty Scar: Therefore the pustels are presently to be cut, that the sharp and hot water may flow forth.  
In wholesome and well-tempered bodies Combustions is healed with a little labour: Contrary in foul and plethorique bodies, it is hardly cured, and doth easily grow to a putrid ulcer.  
For pain doth continually draw unto it Humours and blood from the Body, hereby the part affected, waxeth hot, and it flamed, and divers and naughty symptoms do follow.  
Combustions of the head and face do leave behind them smooth scars, for the skin is so dried and contracted with the fire, and the pores so shut, that the hair will never after come forth, nor grow.  
Combustions of the Eyes and the eyebrows, and of the members Adnata and Cornea although they be light, yet are they dangerous, and there may easily follow a deprivation of sight, or at the least a great imbicility, and the eyelids may be turned inwards.  
Also Combustions of the groin are very dangerous, and hard to be cured, for these Members near unto the privy parts are moist, weak, and easily hurt by flux of humours.  
Combustions of the Belly is always dangerous and hard to be cured, for the muscles of Abdomen are in perpetual motion, by reason of inspiration expiration and extension, which is mad with meat and drink, excretion of excrement, laughing, crying, as I have observed in my Country of Hildane in a certain child of three years old, for he being affected with a dangerous burn in the belly procured us much business the space of eight months.  
But if an intestine or gut in any part be burnt, it is mortal, as also the burning of Lightning is mortal, as it is declared in its proper place.  
Combustion of the great vessels of the Arteries and veins are dangerous, chiefly if it be deep, for the heat contracteth and shutteth those vessels whereby the spirits and blood cannot flow to give life and nourishment, and then followeth Gangrena and Atrophia, as we have showed in our Tract De Gangrena & Sphacelo. Burning also of the Nerves and Articuls do easily draw together the junctures: Therefore it is needful that the Surgeon do use great diligence in these kind of Burnings, and that he study presently from the beginning to soften the hardness and roughness of the skin with fit medicines, and to draw away and disperse the violent heat of the fire.   

CHAP. V. Of a twofold Method of curing Combustions.  
ALthough there be an infinite number of Medicines in use both among Practitioners and the vulgar sort of people for burnings, whether they be plasters or Ointments, juices, or distilled water; nevertheless, that all do tend to the same end, to wit, that they do either choke, resolve, or dissipate the corrupt matter or heat, which is left in the part, now the suffocating or choking of corrupt matter is done, either with cold and moist mndicines, as with the juices and waters of Houslike, lettuce, Henbane, Nightshad, and the like, or else with cold and dry things, such as are bale armeni Terra sigillat, Ceruse, potter's Clay, and such like plasters, which do shut the pores, so that the outward heat which is left by the fire, may be choked and quenched like unto fire, which is shut into a close place.  
The other way of quenching hot humours consisteth in this, that the outward heat and sharp humours be resolved and scattered, even as we see coals to be quenched if they be scattered hither and thither, which is done by hot Medicines, as we will show in the next Chapter, it shall not be needful to inquire what Method is to be used.  
They which do follow the first Method, do think themselves to be sufficiently authorized with this general rule of Hipocrates. Contrary Medicines are made of contrary things.  
For seeing Combustions is a hot accident, we ought to cure it with his contrary, which is with cold things, which may extinguish the hot & burning humours left by the fire: I do confess those sentences of physicians to be very true, but in my opinion refrigeration in Camb. ought to be done by abating: for it is fitly rejected from the first Method of curing, seeing there do many times arise divers symptoms, as hereafter we will show, for it doth not suffice only to prevent corrupt humours, but chiefly many other accidents, as grief, retraction and roughness of the skin, and environ of the pores, which do all require hot remedies. But that these things be well understood, let us look unto the properties of heat, the which Hipocrates doth thus describe, heat is biting in ulcers, hardeneth the skin, causeth intolerable pain, it engendereth vehement fears, Convulsions, and distentions. And Galen saith, that the substance proper to draw together and thicken, is always proper to cold, which is known to be in oil, fat, and other things which by their coldness do thicken and harden; in which it is shown, that cold things are plainly adversaries to Combustions, and do cause divers and naughty accidents, for the skin being contracted and hardened by the fire, by the much use of cold Medicines is hardened, and pain is increased; hereby humours do gather together which are not only retained under the hard skin, but by the use of cold Medicines is forced downwards, and there they do more heat, hereby cometh inflammation, impostimation, and divers times Gangrene, for the humour included, because it wanteth breathing, it presently putrefieth, as Galen witnesseth; or because the heat which chanced whilst it is included in the affected part, hath dried up the radical moisture, in which the natural heat consisteth, as we have showed in our Tract of Gangrena; For this cause Hipocrates admonisheth that it is not good to turn Erisipilas from the outward parts unto the inward, and there oftentimes doth follow (if great burnings be dressed with cold Medicines) Herpes or knawing wildfire for the Humour being included under the skin doth breed a certain sharpness and malignity. Anno 1594. there came unto me a certain young man from Colin whom Hirpes or wild fire had invaded his whole leg from the foot unto the thigh, by reason of a simple Combustion: By what method, and with what Medicines we cured the same the Reader may understand by my observations chirurgical.  
Therefore when I did consider, that as coals when they are carefully covered under the ashes do retain their heat a long time; so corrupt humours, which in Combustions do flow to the affected place, are by the use of cold medicines retained; I have therefore more rather chosen to myself another Method, which hitherto I have used with great benefit to the Patient; For even as coals do quickly squench if they are scattered about; so hot Medicines do quickly cool (yet by evacution) by discussing and extracting corrupt humours, as Galen witnesseth.  
For as heat (as Hipocrates witnesseth) foftneth the skin, extenuateth, easeth pain, mittigateth Convulsions, and bringeth ulcers to supperation: So such kind of Medicines are applied to those parts which are molested with blood, (but they must be those which do moderately heat) to make thin the humours, and to dilate the passages and pores: The same Galen also writeth, for cold  
But that there might be a right and methodical curation of Combustions instituted, all effects and accidents of burnings are to be diligently examined and looked unto, so that remedies may be changed and applied and according to their natures; but first of all, because pain followeth, by reason of the solution of continuity and sudden mutation which violently draweth humours and blood from the body. It is necessary to use repellent Medicines, to wit, defensives, and clouts wet in Vinegar and water lest such like humours and blood do follow to the offended place: Then let there be used and observed, diet, purgations, blood-letting, cupping, and other revultions, that the humours and blood may be drawn and evacuated to the other part, as appertaining to topics; in the first species of Combustions, if pustels be not risen, let the corrupt and sharp humours be drawn forth with an Ointment made of Onions and the like, but if the skin be drawn together and hardened, we ought to use all diligence that it be softened and made red, which ought to be done with Medicines which are hot and moist, as the Chapters following we will declare at length.   

CHAP. VI. The Curations of the first degree of Combustions.  
THe first and chief work which is required in Combustions, is, that the chirurgeon do prevent the rising of pustels; for if he can do that the Patient need not fear any further molestion; Therefore if any one be burnt with fire, water, hot oil, or any such like thing: If the Combustion be light, presently let the place be madified with water or spittle, and then held to fire as long as may be suffered, or let the burnt place be dipped in hot water, or if that will not be conveniently done, let a sponge or clout be wrung out in hot water, and applied to the place, for that outward heat doth draw unto it Empyruma, that is, heat left by the fire in the burned part, as Aristotle and experience teacheth; for as a Scorpion being applied to the bite of a Scorpion doth draw to it his proper poison; so doth heat draw heat: hereby Onions being mixed in a mortar with a little Salt and applied to the burnt place, doth draw forth the corrupt humours, and suffereth not the pustels to arise, it may be spread on little pleggets and applied, until the whole burnt place be covered. Also this following ointment doth violently draw forth corrupt humours, and will not suffer the pustels to arise.  

℞ Caepae Crudae ℥. 1. ss.  
Salis.  
Saponis ulbi veneti, ana. ℥. ss.   
Let them be mixed in a mortar, and make an ointment with oil of Roses and sweet almonds. Anno 1604. as my beloved wife was boiling of New Wine in a great skillet, and stirring it with a spatter, she unadvisedly thrust her hand unto the wrist into the boiling wine, when it was boiled even unto the very height and thickness, whereby there presently arose a vehement pain, not only in the hand, but also in the whole arm, the wine being washed away with hot water, we applied the ointment lately prescribed (which as then was most fittest unto my hand) I anointed the whole arm with oil of Roses, and rolled about rulers dipped in water and Vinegar, and did oftentimes renew them all. Thus (by God's favour) of so great a Combustion there followed no ulceration of the skin, but only two pustels, the one in her thumb, the other by her middle finger, which with a little trouble, with Vnguentum Basilicon were cured.  
Now in universal Combustions proceed as is declared in the following Example. In the year 1605. The Servant of one Mr. Joachim, a Dyer, by chance fell into a great cauldron full of hot Die, from whence there followed a Combustion of the whole body; but because the Die was not very much hot, those parts were chiefly burnt which clave unto the dregs of the Die in the bottom of the cauldron, in which the heat was longest contained; for the hands and face were only burnt; wherefore I being sent for, I anointed the whole body, the face only accepted, with this following Ointment.  

℞ Saponis liquidae lb ss.  
Caepae crudae ℥ ii.  
Salis ℥. i ss,  
Oleum de v tellis onorum ℥ j.  
Amigdasar. dulc. ana. ℥ iii.  
Musilag. Sem. Cydon ℥ iii.  
Mix them and make an Ointment.   
For the eyes I used this Anodine Colerium as followeth: 

℞ Aque Rosar, ℥ iii.  
Aque Plantag, ℥ i  
Sem. Cydonor &  
Foenogreci, ana, ℥ ss misce,   Let them remain upon hot ashes, the space of an hour, then let them be strained, and add thereto a little woman's milk, and drop it hot into the eyes, unto the other parts of the Face I applied an Ointment of new Wine boiled to the third part, which was solid and thick, lest it should flow unto the eyes and hurt them: The description whereof is thus: 

℞ Gum. Elemni ʒi.  
Oleum de vit. ovor,  
Rosar. ana. ʒiii.  
Saponis Albi & veneti ℥ ii.    
Let the gums be dissolved with the oil, and all diligently mixed in a mortar, & make an Ointment, which being spread upou a linen cloth, apply it all over the Face, and every four hours renew the emplaster, but the Colery every hour; Also the same day, the belly being first emptied by a supposition, I opened the Basilica vein in the right arm, and took forth ten ounces of blood for he was a strange and plethoric man, and the day following I administered this purgation following.  

℞ Electuar. Diacatho, ʒ vi.  
Eel, de Succo rosar. ʒ ii.  
Syrupi Resat, solut. ℥. i.   
With water of chicory and bugloss make a potion, give it in the morning fasting, observing a good diet. The next and third day I anointed the whole body with the foresaid Ointment, and to the face I applied the Ointment which I prescribed for the same purpose, and in the eyes I often dropped the Colerium, but because that in divers places, espeeially in the veins the Combustions penetrated deep, we followed the same Method of curing which we have declared in the 7 and 8 Chapt. And by these remedies (by the Grace of God) he was perfectly cured of this Combustion in 14. days.  
Furthermore the Ointment of Onions doth little or nothing profit to Combustions of the face, for by it the eyes may suffer much hurt and damage; therefore this following Ointment is used in place of the other.  

℞ Saponis Veneti ℥. 1.  
olei Roser &  
Amigdalar dulcium. ana. ℥ ss  
misce   
Make an Ointment in a mortar, adding a little quantity of the mucilage of Cydon seeds extracted with Rose-water; It is to be noted, that although the wine thin is not to be rejected in Combustions, yet to the face we ought by no means to apply it so, for it moisteneth, and penitrateth, and offendeth the eyes; wherefore we ought to take great heed that this foresaid Ointment be not too liquid: Many, that they may keep the pustels from rising, do presently apply clouts dipped in the gum of the Juniper Tree, others do apply pleggets of Lord about the burnt place.  
Paulus Egineta doth counsel to dip doubled clothes in Brine, and apply them in lie and water, wherein Lime hath been squenched, is good for the same purpose; but these kind of Medicines are to be often repeated and applied lukewarm, lest the linen being dry should raise pain in the affected part. If the face be burnt with Gunpowper, and that any of the grains or corn of the powder do stick in the skin, presently it must be gotten forth with a Needle or some other sharp Instrumenr, afterwards heed is to be taken that pustels do not rise; by this means the powder which is in the skin may easily be drawn forth, and the skin mundified, but if a chirurgeon be not sent for in the beginning, and that the skin be already cicumtrised, it is necessary that the skin be again blistered, which may be fitly done with this following Ointment.  

℞ Cantharidum num. vi.  
Fermenti ℥ ss.   
Mix them in a mortar with a drop or two of Vinegar, of the which make a little plaster and apply upon the spots, but you ought to take great heed that this Ointment come not unto the eyes, when the pustels do first arise, let them be cut with scissors, then let the powder be taken away either with a Needle or some other sharp instrument, and then apply this following Ointment.  

℞ Butiri sine sale ℥. 1.  
Vng. Basilic. clei Lillior albor,  
De vitell, over, ana. ℥. ii.  
misce Fiat Vnguentum.   
As often as the chirurgeon shall handle the sore, he shall diligently take notice how the blackness of the powder spendeth away, and shall wash it either with a Decoction of Foenegreeke or Melelot flowers, afterwards apply the said Ointment and so proceed until the ulcer be sufficiently mundified. I have in this Cause used the powder of precipitate, to the profit of the Patient, but to ease pain apply this Anodine Medicine about the sore.  

℞ Olei migdal. dulc.  
Rosacei  
Cerae allae ana, ℥. j.   
Dissolve and mix them, and then add Camphire ℈ j. the mucilage of Cydon seeds a little, mix them and make an Ointment; but if the powder be blown into the eyes, let them be washed with woman's milk or Rose water warm, but especially we ought to use all diligence, that the flowing of humours be prevented, and pain be eased, as we have declared in the Eleventh Chapter.  
Now if the powder be not blown into the skin but that the skin be only burnt with the flame of the powder, then presently apply the afore-written Ointment of soap, oil of Sweet Almonds and Roses. In the mean time whilst the effect is thus handled, the offensive humours and blood are to be diminished and drawn out by other places, lest by reason of the solution of continuity they should flow to the hurted part, and should cause inflammations and other dangerous symptoms, which may be fitly done by purgation, blood-letting, cupping, as we will show in their proper place,   

CHAP. VII. The Curation of the second Degree of Combustions.  
Furthermore, if the Combustion do penetrate more deep, so that not only pustels or blisters are raised, but that also the skin be burnt dead and contracted, than neither Onions, soap, salt, neither any such kind of Medicines are to be applied, much less those which are before said to be cold and dry, but those which do mollify the skin and cause redness, are to be used, for they are of temperature hot and moist, therefore proceed after this manner.  
First of all let the blisters be all cut with scissors whereby the hot and sharp water may flow foith and wheresoever the upper skin is separated, let it be peeled off, lest matter should gather together under it, and because humours and blood do presently flow to the affected place, it is needful to prevent them with defensives; therefore apply one of the following defensives, about the breadth of the palm of ones hand upon the burnt place: 

℞ Pul. boli armeni. Sanguis draco.  
Gallar. Croci martis.  
Accatiae ana. ℥ ss.  
Olei Rosar. ℥ iij..  
Cerae novae ℥ i. ss.   Make an Ointment according to Art, adding a little Vinegar, or else ℞ Farina hordei. Argillae fornac. ana. ℥ ii. Let them be boiled with Vinegar and water to the form of a cataplism, and in the end mix therewith the whites of two eggs. This defensive is to he reiterated two or three times every day, lest it should dry upon the affected place, and should cause pain.  
But to the places round about, apply this following Ointment.  

℞ Vngunt. Basilicon. ℥. 1.  
Ol. Rosar. & hillior. albor. ana. ℥ ss.  
Vitel. ovor nam. ij. misce.   
This following Ointment doth also very much profit for Combustions, it easeth pain, softeneth the skin, and resolveth the Humours flowing to the part: 

℞ Butyri Sine sale  
Pinguedinis gallinae necent.  
Ana, ℥ j. Caerae novae.  
Ol. Lilior, albor, ana, ℥ ss,    
Let them be dissolved together, and afterwards add unto them Croci ℈ j. Muselag, Sem, Cydon, ℥ j. Let them be mixed in a mortar, and make an ointment; If the pain be so vehement, that the sick can very little take his rest, then mix with the said foresaid ointment Opii dissoluti ℈ ss, or else 

℞ Butiri recent, ℥ ii. Ol, Amigdalar, dulc.  
de vitellis ovor. ana. ℥ Croci opii ana ℈ ss  
Caphorae ℈ i. Muselag. sem. cidon, ℥ i. misce.   make an Ointment and apply it.  
The Defensive being applied, and one of the foresaid Ointments, the affected part is to be rolled in rulers madified in water and Vinegar, and if the offended part be the arm or the leg, beg in at the infirm part, for by this means the humours are repressed, which are prepared to flow unto the hurt part; but if the Combustion be any part that may not be rolled, apply linen clothes, madified in water and vinegar 3. or 4 times a day, or also water wherein Colworts have been infused (which should be of vinegar, water and salt) in which linen clothes he wet and applied, it doth mightily repress the Humours, easeth pain, and is an enemy to corrupt Humours; notwithstanding in the Face such kind of Medicines are not be applied be reason of the eyes, the skin being softened, and sufficiently rubified, divers do apply drying Medicines, as Vngunt ex calce tota Diampopholigos Album Rasis, and the like, but because such drying Medicines do contract the skin, and cause filthy scars, I do not allow of the use of them, therefore I use emolent Medicines to the end of the Also I prepare an Ointment for all Combustions whatsoever, after this manner: 

℞ Butiri recent & tot. in aqua.  
Rosar, ℥. iij.. Ol. violatii  
de vitel. ovor.  
Amigdalar dulc. ana. ℥ ss.  
Farinae hordii ℥ i. ss.  
Croci ℈ j.  
Musilag. Sem. Cydon ℥. i.  
Cerae q. S. Make an Ointment in a mortar.    
This Ointment mollifieth, easeth pain, and by little and little induceth a Cicatrice; but because Combustions, especially those which are in the upper part of the skin flame with vehement sense, the chirurgeons ought to have a great care that they do gentle cleanse them; I, lest I should cause pain by cleansing of ulcers, do cover the burnt part about with fine linen cloth, as with cambric or lawn, and I remove it not until the ulcer be whole, by this cloth the matter may easily flow forth, and the virtue of the Medicines may come unto the ulcer; now whilst that the ulcer is a curing, diet, purgation of humours, and Phlebotomy is not to be neglected; let the Patient abstain from all things that are vehement, fault, hot and sharp, and those things which are hard of digestion, let him use pottage made of flesh new killed, in the which sorrel, Endine, lettuce and Borage hath been boiled; let his drink be phtisan or Ale not very strong; if the body be full, open the Basilica or Mediana vein, and take out as much blood as strength will suffer; if it be needful for him to purge, let him purge according to the nature of the humour predominating, concerning which it were good to have the opinion of a Learned physician; if the Combustion be in the face, it were good to apply Cupping Glasses to the shoulders, that the blood and humours may be drawn back.   

CHAP. VIII. The Cure of the third and last degree of Combustions.  
THis third and last Degree of Combustions is very dangerous, for that very often it engendereth Gangrena and Sphacetus; For first by reason of the vehement heat, the radical moisture and natural heat is dried up: Secondly, the skin Musculous, Flesh, veins, Arteries, &c. be dried and drawn together, so that the blood cannot flow to the offended part: Thirdly, the Humours and blood, by reason of the Solution of continuity and pain do gather together, and increase the burning heat, hereby by reason of want of nourishment, and choking of the natural heat, the affected part mortifieth, as is declared in our Tract of Gangrena and Sphasetus.  
In the year of our Lord 1592. there lighted into my hands a very honest Matron in Hilden, who being weary, by reason of her domestical business, and sitting by the fire alone, of a sudden fell into a swound down to the hearth, and her right leg lay on the burning coals, whereby the calf of her leg was so burnt, that a little after, (by reason her body was foul) she was taken with Gangrena and Sphaselus, wherefore the scar being separated, and Medicines applied which pertain to Gangrena, she recovered her health:  
First of all therefore, the blisters are to be cut, and the water that floweth by reason of the Combustion, to be dried with a clout or sponge; then the scar is to be separated, or at the least to be cut away almost as close as the flesh, whereby the humour which is retained under the hard crust may flow forth, the Medicines may enter, and whatsoever is inducerated and hardened by reason of the heat may softened, the scar ought to be separated the first or second day before the part be inflamed, and in the beginning this following Ointment is to be applied.  

℞ Butirs. rec, et tot. in aquaros. ℥ iii.  
Vngunt Basilioon ℥. i. ss  
Ol. Lilior. albor. Amigda. dulc. ana. ℥ ss  
Vitel. unius ovi. misce et appli..   
Afterwards doubled clothes wet in this following Emulsion, is to be applied hot, for it easeth pain mollifieth and stayeth flux of humours.  

℞ Medullae sem. Cucurb. ℥ ii.  
Sem. Cidon, Foenogr, ana. ʒi.   
Let them be mixed in a mortar and strained out with lb vi. of pure water, and make an Emultion, in the which dissolve Saponis veneti albi ℥ ss Caphurae ℈ j. But if the Combustion be in the Face, the soap is not to be used by reason of the eyes, but in the place add the waters of Roses and plantain. Defensives also in the beginning are to be applied, and rulers wet in water and vinegar, that the violent flux of humours may be stayed; But if the affected part be inflamed, and chiefly if the veins, Arteries, are contracted by the fire, than Defensives are not so well approved of, except they have some power to resolve, viz. such as are these, Beane Flower, Flower of Lupins, of wheat, and the powder of Camomile Flower, &c. mix them, let the Patient, and let the body be purged with fit purges, according to the nature of the humour predominating; also open a vein and apply Cupping glasses, concerning which take the counsel of a physician.  
When the Flowing of Humours and blood is stayed, than Defensives are left off, whereby the spirits and nutriment may the better pass to the affected part, and to divide and separate the scar: Wherefore the learned chirurgeon which is the handmaid of Nature, ought every day, as much as possibly he can, without pain to separate some of the scar, and afterward let him apply the forewritten Ointment of Sweet Butter thereto: Also this following fomentation hath no little power to ease pain, mollify the skin, and help digestion.  

℞ Radicum altheae ℥ ii.  
Sem. Cidonior.  
Foenograeci ana. ℥ ss.  
Flor. Chamon.  
Meliloti ana. M. 7.   
Let them be boiled in water, or if there be vehement pain, in milk; then wet a Sponge therein and apply it hot. and afterwards mix a little oil of white lilies, but if the burn shall be so great than it groweth to Gangrena, or Sphacetus, then proceed according to the cure of Gangrena.  
But because these kinds of Combustions, of the which we have spoken, do oftentimes grow to a Gangrene, therefore they ought to be carefully and judiciously handled, and always something ought to be applied, which may resist corruption, In Children divers times do happen Combustions of the hands and feet, in the which the extremities of the fingers and toes are clean burnt off; In these, great diligence is to be used, that that which is so burnt may be quickly separated, lest the corruption do invade the sound parts; therefore if the flesh and the bone be so burnt, that the joint may be saved, the bone in the same joint is to be separated with a Raizor, not with scissors, as some would have it; if the Joint itself shall be also affected, let the skin behind the joint be taken away with a Raizor, but the bone with a little Saw; but why this abscission ought not to be done with incision knives we have showed in a Tract De Gangrena, in the which also is showed the manner of cutting off of fingers.  
As soon as ever the scar is separated, it is good first to mundify the ulcer, wherefore if it shall be rotten and stinking, the Patient strong, and the affected part not very sensible, in such causes I was wont to apply Egyptialum, but if the Patient be delicate, and the affected part very sensible, then mix with the foresaid Ointment honey of Roses, also the powder of precipitate washed in Rose water, is an excellent Medicine against all rotten ulcers, or else 

℞ Pulueris Praec pitati  
Radix Aristoloch. rot.  
Farinae hordei ana. ℥ i.    
With honey or Roses, and a little Turpentine make an Ointment.  
If the Combustion be in the head or face, add a little Gumma Lemnia dissolved in oil of Roses, also a mundificative of the juice of Smallege doth very much cleanse putrid ulcers when it is mixed with Mel. Rosarum and Aquavita and applied; Also these Medicines spread upon Cotten or fine Lint, and applied to ulcers, is profitable, or fine linen clothes doubled, or let the part affected be rolled in a soft sponge, for these linen clothes and sponge do draw thin humours, which do hinder consolidation; to ulcers already mundified, it is best to use Incarnatives, such as are Vngunt Aurium Nicotiane, or this following powder: 

℞ Pulvis aroes'. Sarcocollae.  
Myrrh. ana. ʒii. Miso. f. pull.    
This following Viscus doth mightily mundify and incarnateth all sorts of corrup ulcers: 

℞ Herbar. Centaurii et Hiperici.  
Cum toto, Diapensiae, Alchimellae,  
Bete silve..  
Folior-arnoglossae maioris,  
Ana M. iiij. Radic. tormentille,  
Aristolocbie longe ana. ℥. iij..   Let them all be cut and beaten together, after let them be put in a glass vessel and power Wine thereon until it do only swim, and set it in the sun the space of three days, then let it be boiled with a slender fire, until the third part be consumed, and when it is strained with a strange expression; in a Glasen limbeck and in Balneo Marea make a Viscus or birdlime; Then cause a Cicatrix, but not with those things which do vehemently dry, as chirurgeons use to do in other ulcers, for vehement dryers applied unto Burnes do cause a rough and filthy scar; Therefore apply this following Ointment: 

℞ Emplast. Palmeis ℥ i.  
Pinguid. Gall. Et anser ana. ℥ ss.    
Let them be dissolved together, and then mix with them 

Alumines Vsti, Saturni Calcinati,  
Lythargirii aurei, Lapidis Calum. naris.   And in a Leaden mortar make an Ointment adding of the mucilage of Cydon seeds and Foenogreeke, as much as is expedient, with the which make an Ointment most excellent for all Combustions whatsoever; Also I have used an Ointment of Aliblaster in this cause with great profit, whose description is as followeth: 

℞ Lapidis Alablastratis Calc. ℥ i. ss  
Pumicis albi Calcionat. ℥ ss   Make them into a very small powder, afterwards 

℞ Caerae albae  
Ceri Cervini  
Ol. Amigdalar. Dulc.  
Lilior Albor ana. ℥ i.  
Ol. de. vitell. ovor. ℥ ss.   Make an Ointment according to Art, this Ointment mollifieth, easeth pain, and produceth a fair Cicatrix.  
If the Combustion be in the eyebrows lips, or in the fingers, there ought to be great care taken that these parts be not contracted and fastened backwards rolled in a soft sponge: therefore linen clothes or Lint, or thin Leaden Plates finely beat and used, are to be put between the parts where conglutination is feared: In great Combustions which are in the great vessels of the veins and Arteries where Atrophia is feared, by reason of little nourishment, all the affected part are the first days to be anointed with oil of Roses, to repress the humours, and afterwards with this following Ointment.  

℞ Cucci lumbricor ℥ ii.  
Pinquid. humanae  
Callinae. Vrsi ana. ℥ i.  
Aquavitae ℥ ii. misce.   
This Ointment mollifieth, resolveth, corroborateth, and openeth, if any veins or arteries, by reason of the violence of the fire, be contracted or stopped; and it stayeth Atrophia.   

CHAP. ix.. Of the Combustions of the Eyes.  
BY how much the more noble one part of our Body is more than the other, so much the more care is to be taken thereof when it is ill affected; therefore because the Eye, of all members is the most Noblest and very sensible, it doth require a certain particular cure: First of all therefore, the chirurgeon shall endeavour himself in this whole work, that he easeth pain, and stayeth the flux of Humours; wherefore presently from the beginning let him apply defensives to the temples; and our all the pustels or blisters, that the sharp and hot water may flow forth, but drop into the eyes now and then woman's milk mixed with Rose water luke warm, in which let a little Saffron be macerated; Also doubled clothes madified in this milk should be applied, and let it be reiterated as often as it is dry; Or else 

℞ Aqua. Rosac. ℥ iij..  
Sem. Cydonior. & Foenogr. ana. ℥ ss,  
Croci Integri. ℈ ss. misce.    
Let them remain in infutione the space of 4. hours, then let them be strained, to this mucilage mix a little woman's milk, and then let it be dropped warm into the eyes, and let them be applied thereto with doubled clothes warm; it there be any great pain, then add thereto a grain or two of Opium dissolved in Rose water, also Pigeons blood being dropped warm into the eyes, easeth pain, then apply this following Cataplasma: 

℞ Pulpa malor. dulc. suh. prunis decoct. ℥ ss.  
Farine Foenogr. et Hordei ana. ℥ ss.   boil them in milk to the form of a poultice, and in the end mix thereto Croci ℈ ss. vitellum unius ovi, with a little oil of Roses, and let it be applied hot, but round about the eyes, if the burn be but light, some Ointment of soap may be applied, which must be of a reasonable hard body lest it offendeth the eyes.  
This process is not to be changed unless the Parient be quite free from inflammation and pain, after that apply this following Colerium, for the better exsiccation and corroboration of the sight.  

℞ Aquar. Euphrasia.  
Foeniculi,  
Rosarum ana. ℥ i.  
Tutie Preparat,  
Sief Sive opio ana. ℥. i.  
Misce fiat Colerium.   
Now know (gentle Reader) that a Colery, into the which woman's milk entreth, is in the Summer every day to be changed, but in the Winter every other day, for the milk quickly turneth and waxeth sour, and then it easeth not pain, but drieth; for this cause, those sharp things which we have prescribed in other burnings, as lie, brine &c. are not be applied to burns in the face, Stupifactive Medicines are to be resisted as much as possible may be, except great pain be present, for they (by reason of their great coldness) do thicken the Humours and visible spirits of the eyes; but if the skin shall be hardened to the eyes, it may be softened and made supple with the foresaid Ointments, but great care is to be had that the Ointment or fat enter not into the eyes, for that stirreth pain; In the mean time whilst the skin is mollified with the aforesaid Ointments and oils, let the Colery be dropped in, and the cataplasm be applied, as we have already spoken of.  
Generally let the Patient use a sparing diet, let him abstain from all hot things, salt things, Ginger, Pepper, Cloves, garlic, onions, Radishes, and the like: And also from all things that are hard of Digestion, also Wine and strong Ale doth much hurt, let his drink be phtisan, in the which Coriander seeds prepared, and Anniseeds have been boiled; If the Patient by reason of his age can not abstain from Wine, let him drink white win that is not very strong; In his pottage let those herbs be boiled which do cool, and that do purge choler, as are these, sorrel, Borage, Cicory, Chernill, the Roots of Parsely, Fennel Mariory, Rosemary, and Eye-bright: Let the patient take a little Syrup Cydonior, Symplex or old Conserve of Roses, that the elevation of vapours unto the head may be hindered, if he be very thirsty, let him use his decoction of Parley, in the which dissolve the syrup of the Juice of Sorrell, lemons or Pomgranuts, also Confections of cherries, Barberies, and such like are convenient.  
Furthermore before I make an end of this Chapter (for the benefit and further experience of the Reader I will declare an excellent Example of Combustions.  
There was a Maiden child, of the age of two years or thereabouts, which was the daughter of Mr. Samuel Gaillard a most vigilant schoolmaster of Neocoments, and my most Reverend Godfather, whom by chance sitting by the fire, fell among the burning coals, whereby not only her forehead about the eyes, but almost all her whole face, especially in one place was grievously burnt, I being called just at the instant, I applied this following ointment upon the whole face in the form of a plaster.  

℞ Saponis Venetis ℥ i.  
Ol. de vitel. ovor. et  
Amigdal. dulc. ana, ℥ ii.  
Gumi elemi dissolute. Cum  
Oleis ʒi. misce.   
Make an Ointment adding a little of the mucilage of Cydon seeds.  
But always into the Eyes drop a little of the Colerium made of woman's milk and Rose water and apply it also with fine linen clothes, the first I renewed the plaster every four hours, hereby the greatest part of corrupt humours were culled forth, and the second day I prescribed him pottage made of new killed Flesh, in the which was boiled the powder of the Root of Mechoacan ℈ i. and to the affected place I applied this ointment following: 

℞ Ol. de vitellis ovorum,  
Ol. Amigdalar. dulc,  
Pinguid ursi & Pinguedinis humana ana ℥ ss.  
Gum Elami dissolute cum oleis ℥ ii.  
Caerae novae ℥ i. Croci ℈ i. misce.   Make an Ointment, with the which I almost finished the Cure, except that in the end of the Cure I mixed with the foresaid Ointment a little of the Flower of Lentils, and I anointed the whole burnt part with this following Emolent ointment: 

℞ Gum Elemmi ℥ ss. Ol. de vital ovor &  
Lilior albor ana ℥ ss. Pinguid. humanae. ʒii. misce.    
In the mean time whilst that the skin is mollifying, I use to extend it with both my hands, like as the felmongers' do there skins when they can them up; and thus by God's favour she was cured, and there was no sign of a Combustion left, except it were one little one in her upper lip, in the which place, by reason of the child's unpatience I could not make the Medicine stay.   

CHAP. X. Of Combustions of the groins.  
THe groins, because they are rare, lax, humid members, and apt to flux of humours, whereby they do easily putrify; They do also require a particular care and method of curing: First of all therefore (because by reason of the vicinity of the Emunctiories, humours do quickly flow unto them) Defensives are to be applied to the bottom of the belly, upon the Combustion, also cut a vein in the Cubide, and if it may conveniently be done, provoke vomiting; but if it be not convenient, let the Patient be purged downwards, and prescribe him a slender diet; let him abstain from strong Wine, and from meats hot and sharp, as we have showed in the former chapter; because the groins are Members rare, lax, humid, and apt to corruption; therefore if there be no blisters risen, presently apply some ointment prepared of soap and Onions, but if they are risen, let them be cut, whereby the sharp water may flow forth, then apply this following Ointment.  

℞ Vngunt Rosatis ℥ i. ss Ol. de vitel. ovor. et  
Amigdal. dulc. ana. ℥ ss.   
Dissolve them, and then mix thereto Mirrhae Aloes ana. ʒi. mix them and apply them with linen clothes, and then let the whole part be covered, with this following cataplasm: 

℞ Farinae hordii et Fabar. ana. ℥ iii.  
Pulv. Rosar. rubar. ℥ ss.   With a little Vinegar and Honey make a poultice, and apply it hot: But if the Combustion be great, so that it maketh a hard crust, then let it be separated by little and little, with an Incision knife or at the least scarified in divers places, then apply this following Ointment to cause the escar to fall. 

℞ Superior is ungunt ℥ ii. Pul. Scordii ʒ. i.  
Unguent. Egiptiaci ʒij.   More or less according to the quantity of the putrefaction and the strength and weakness of the Patient, and apply it on linen clothes, afterwards. ℞ Farinae lupinor. Fabarum. Lollii ana. ℥ i. ss Let them be boiled in barber's lie, and then mix to them. Pul. Scordii. Aloes. Mirrhae ana. ℥ ss. Mix them and make a poultice, and apply it hot, after the Escar is fallen, mundify, incarnate, and cicatrice the ulcer, as we have declared in our 8. Chapter.   

CHAP. XI. Of the Combustions of the joints.  
IN Combustions of the joints defensives ought to be applied, the body purged, &c. Medicines made of soap, Onions, &c. are nought; wherefore anoint the whole member twice a day with oil of worms, man's grease, hen's grease, with an Ointment of Marsh, mallows, and the like. The rest is to be learned in the former Chapters.   

CHAP. XII. Of pain, and the Cure thereof.  
Pain is a grievous Symtome as well in Combustions as in all other effects whatsoever, for it scattereth and consumeth the vital spirits, and causeth unquietness and fevers, hereby followeth a defect of the mind, it draweth a flux of humours, and thereby arise Inflammations, Convultions, and other grievous symptoms, therefore it is to be eased as much as possible may be, now the general curing of pain, is to take away the cause thereof.  
But because that in Combustions there are two several causes, to wit, sudden alteration, and solution of continuity, there shall be a twofold scope of Curing: First, that the corrupt humours caused by the fire be drawn forth, and the part affected refrigerated and brought to his proper temper, as we have sufficiently declared before.  
Secondly, that whatsoever be disjoined and burnt be united and consolidated; but because the corrupt humours cannot be drawn forth, much less the blisters and ulcer cured, except the hard and contracted skin be first mollified and made supple; Therefore it is necessary that the chirurgeon do bend his whole study, to supple and soften the skin, with those hot and moist Medicines which are before rehearsed, whereby those sharp and subtle humours may be exhallated and drawn by the pores of the skin; but although such kind of Medicines are hot, yet they cool, notwithstanding by accident, that is as Galen witnesseth, by resolving and scattering sharp humours; therefore if there be great pain, and that it be not eased with those Medicines which we have prescribed in our 7 and 8. Chapters (the body being first purged, and a vein opened, if age and other things will permit) apply this following Foment.  

℞ Radic. Altheae ℥ i. Florum Chamomil, Meloloti  
Rosarum Absynthii ana. M. ss. Sem. Foenog.  
Anethi ana. ℥ ss. Ol. violar. ℥ iij..   
Let them be boiled in milk, in the which wring out a sponge or else doubled clothes, and apply it oftentimes to the painful place, hot as it may be suffered. This following poultice is also very good, and easeth pain marvellously.  
℞ Micarum panis Albi lb ss  
Boil it in milk to the form of a poultice, then mix thereto oil of sweet Almonds, new Butter of each ℥ i. oil of eggs ℥ ss. saffron ℈ i. the yeolke of one Egg, make therewith a cataplasm and apply it hot three or four times a day, but first foment the place affected with the following foment; if you have any man's grease in a readiness, mix it therewith, for it is a singular Anodine.  
Also apply Defensives, and prescribe a diet, and let the body be purged according to the nature of the Humour predominating; also open a vein and apply Cupping-glasses; if the pain be not eased with these things, proceed to stupifactive Medicines, for it will not be in vain, because they are cold, even in the fourth degree, and being done with heedfulness and wisdom, they are not dangerous, especially in the outward parts, but begin with those which are gentle.   

CHAP. XIII. Of the imbecility of the Sight.  
SEeing that divers times after Combustions there followeth an imbecility of the sight, and a great rheum in the Eyes, therefore it will be necessary to declare how they may be holpen, that they grow not into Lachrimale Fistilo. S. Opthalmia, and to a pin and web, or else clean perish the sight: Wherefore the Cure shall be performed by three intentions, that is, by diet, purgation, and stupifactive Medicines; and because that in rheums of the Eyes the brain sendeth forth Humours and the eyes receive them, it is necessary that they be not altogether hindered, lest naughty Humours should engender in the Body and the brain, but rather that those which are already engendered and flow to the eyes, may be dried and drawn backwards, likewise the eyes are to be defended lest they sustain a flux.  
There are three things to be observed in the administration of diet, to wit, the quantity, the quality, and the use; For first all excess, as well of meat as of drink is to be avoided; Secondly, because the flux of the Eyes is always caused by superfluity of humours. The third thing to be observed, is, that the Patient never eat, except the meat be first well concocted, that he have a natural appetite thereto, and that he do avoid multitude of meats at one meal, which differ in substance and in quality, let his bread be of the best wheat well boiled and levened, let him abstain from salt meat, and that which is dried, but especially from hog's Flesh; the Flesh of young Bullocks, Capons, and of Birds that live in woods is profitable for him; also boil with his meat and other pottages, Hisope, Mariorum, Sage, Rosemary, Eye-bright, the Roots of Parsley, Pimpernill, and the like: But if the flux be caused of thin and sharp humours, then boil with his meat and pottage, and other warm things Borage, bugloss, sorrel, Chernill, Celendine, Eyebright, Fennell, and Purslow seeds, with many other things.  
Other pottages are also very hurtful, as those of Letrices, Purslow, Colworts, as also of million, Onions, leeks, garlic, Musterd-seed, Radishes; as also Pepper, Ginger, Cloves, pease, and white meats instead of Butter, all which are nought for Fluxes of the eyes.  
Strong wine and strong Ale do also hurt, let him use Ale that is not very strong, but well boiled, or else Pthisan drink, wherein Agrimony, Eye-bright and Pruens have been boiled, then let it be a little sweetened with Sugar and spiced with cinnamon; but if the Patient cannot abstain from wine, by reason of Age or Imbecility of the ventricle, let him choose old white wine which is not very strong: sleep and rest are very convenient in Diseases of the eyes, but watching and study is very hurtful, especially presently after meat, to which may be added Venus Sports.  
Secondly, let the hurtful humour which floweth to the eyes, be digested, prepared and evacuated and if the flux be caused by a hot and sharp Humour, let it be digested with this following Julip: 

℞ Aquar. Bitonicae. Euphrasie. Borragini:  
Acitoce ana. ℥ i. ss. Syrupi de nymphea  
Violatia et de Cicorio ana, ℥ ss misce.   Make a Iulip for two mornings, and then purge him with this following potion: 

℞ Electuar. diacathol. ʒiv. Diaphenic Ʒijs.  
Syrupi ros. solut. cum Rhabar. et Agaric. ℥ ii.   Make a potion with the water or decoction of Betony or Eye-bright, or else administer these Pills: 

℞ mass pillular de quinque generibus myrobolonor  
Pil. agregativar ana. ℥ ss. Diagridii grana iiij.   With water of Eye-bright, form fine pills unto Children you may administer them from ʒ i. to ʒ ii or ʒ iii. according as age and strength doth permit; also let them be purged with Manna, or the powder of Machaocan, the body being purged use this following Electuary: 

℞ Conserve Flor. betonicae Euphrasie et  
Rosarum ana. ℥ misce.    
Unto Children give a dram or two; the body being purged, use this following Electuary.  

℞ Conser. Flor. beton. et Euphrasie ana. ℥ ii.  
Salvie et Rosmarini ℥ i. misce.   
Let the Patient take of this Electuary, the stomach being empty, the quantity of a nut, the Decoction of Guiacum, the roots of China sarsa Parilla Sassaphras, is very good to dry up evil humours and to strengthen the sight: Also the stomach ought to be looked unto because of his vicinity with the brain, for a weak stomach sendeth many vapours unto the brain which do after descend unto the eyes; therefore let the Patient abstain from all things which do clog the stomach, and are hard of digestion, let him also take twice a week ʒ i. of this mass; 

℞ Pil. heir pigr. simpli. gal. mass pillul. Assaieret.  
Rhah. opt. triti pulveris seen ana. ℈. i. Gariophiller.  
Macis. Cinamoni and. ℈ ss.   With Syrup. Rosar. lenit, make a mass of Pill.  
Or else this following powder; 

℞ Sem. Coriandri preparat Sem anisi ana. ℥ i.  
Flor. betonicae Rosar. rubr. Euphrasiae ana. ℥ ss.  
Cinamoni electi macis ana ʒii.  
Pellicular, interior, ventriculi, Galinarum ℥ ss.  
Sacchari rosat, ad pondus omnium.    
Mix them, and make thereof a powder.  
Now followeth the 3 Intention which consisteth of Medicine chirurgical, therefore if there be great pain, apply to the forehead some defensive out of the 7. Chap. but drop into the eyes this following Colery, and apply it with doubled clothes wet therein.  

℞ Aquar. plantaginis Rosarum Euphrasiae ana. ℥ i.  
Caeruse lotae Tutie preparat.  
Olibani subtilis. pulv. ana. ʒ. i. misce.   
But if the flux of the eyes be of cold humours, then apply this Colery following: 

℞ Aquar. Euphra. Foeniculi Rutae ana, ℥ ii.  
Olibani, Masticis, myrrh, Aloes,  
Tutiae preparat. Sacocollae ana. ʒ. i.    
Make a Colery according to Art.  
If the flux be of blood and of hot humours, then open the Cephalica vein in the arm; if age do give way, unto children apply Leeches unto the Caphalica vein in the arm, or unto the jugular veins in the neck, also apply Cupping-glasses with great flame unto the shoulders; also apply this following Viscatory behind the ears.  

℞ Canthar. in Pulv. redact. num. vi.  
Fermenti acris ℥ ss misce.   
With a drop or two of strong Vinegar,  
The inner bark of the black Grape tree, if it be bruised and applied, hath the same quality.  
Also let the Patient use twice or thrice a week this following Masticatory: 

℞ Masticis Radic. Pyretri. Summitat maioranae.  
Nucis Muscate ana. ʒi.   Make thereof trochisqs in a mortar, about the bigness of a Lupine: Also mastic being chewed and kept a good space in the mouth, doth draw much humidity from the brain, also Rasons and Damasine Pruens, moistened in oil of Fennell, and chewed, although they do not altogether so much draw Humours from the brain, yet they do corroborate the brain and sight.  
I do not allow of sneezing powders in diseases of the Eyes, for by drawing of humours unto the nose, they fill the Nerves optics therewith, and so weaken the sight, also strew this following powder upon the Head: 

℞ Flor. rorismarini, Salvie, Betonice, Stoechados,  
Rosar. rubr. Summitatum maiorini ana. M. ss.  
Coriand. Prepar. ʒ. i. Ligni aloes, Mistieis, Thuris,  
Diana. dulc. Nucis moscate Granor. Alkermes.   Cut them small, and beat them together in a mortar according to Art.  
If the sight be weakened, by reason of a continual and long flux, let it be corroborated with this following distilled water: 

℞ Euphra. cum toto Anagal. floor Purpureo.  
Henbar foenic. ana. M. X. ii. Rute M. vi. incidantur.    
Afterwards power upon them of Rose-water lb/. ii. set them in the sun in a glass vessel well stopped, the space of a day, and then distil them in Balneo Marea, with a gentle fire, it is good for the sight.   

CHAP. XIV. Of the deformity of scars and their Remedy.  
THe chief causes of the deformity of scars, after the cure of Combustions, are first, that the skin, flesh, veins, &c. are drawn together and hardened with the force of the fire; Secondly, because that the radical moisture (by whose benefit all ulcers are cicatrised) is by the force of the fire dried and consumed, whereby it cometh to pass, that even as dry and barren ground bringeth forth weeds, Cockel, and all other imperfect things; but on the contrary the fat and moist ground bringeth forth all things perfect; so also by the defect of the natural heat and radical moisture, there cometh filthy scars; also the use of cold Medicines causeth naughty scars, as Hippocrates witnesseth in these words, Cold things are biting in ulcers, hardeneth the skin causeth intolerable pain, blackness, &c. Wherefore, that we may avoid these hurtful things, we ought presently in the beginning to apply emolent Medicines, as we have before instructed: Now, as appertaining to the cure, first of all let the hardness of the skin be softened and made supole with the far of bears, Hens, Capons, oil of lilies, and of the yeolke of eggs, or else with this following ointment.  

℞ Pinguid. galine Vrsi Piscis Thymali. Liliorum.  
De vitellis ovorum ana. ʒij. Ol. myrrh ʒi.  
Succi lumbricor ℥ ss. misce.   
Make an ointment, with the which anoint the scar, every day three or four times: Then apply thereon a thin plate of Lead rubbed over with quicksilver, but before the affected part be anointed with the foresaid Ointment, let it be washed with water, in the which Bran and a little myrrh hath been boiled, but if the scars be so much elevated, that they require greater mollifying, foment the place with this following Decoction: 

℞ Radicum althe cum toto, Ralic. brione & Lilior  
Albor. ana. ℥ i. Flor. Chammomille Mel. loti ana. M. i.  
Sem. Foenogr. lini. ana. ℥ ss.   Let them be boiled in water, or else in the Decoction of the head and feet of a Weather, and apply it with sponges, or clothes dipped therein; after the fomentation, anoint with this following ointment, and apply thereon a Cerot of Oesope, or a plaster of Frogs with Mercury, and reiterate it every day, until the cicatrix be sufficiently mollified, that it may be pressed down with the plate of Lead. And as often as the chirurgeon shall anoint the scar, let him endeavour to stretch the skin that is contracted, with both his hands, as the glover's do their skin. Then let the wound which was before contracted, be dilated, which may be fitly done with linen clothes spread over with glue, as is expressed by this following figure.  
A The wound of the scar being cut. BBBB these are four linen clothes spread over with glue, two whereof shall be placed to both sides of the wound so that there remain some space between them, as appeareth by the Figure. CCCCCC these are six strings to be tied in knots, which may be more or less, according to the magnitude of the wound; furthermore, as soon as the glue is dry, so that the linen clouts do stick fast, which will be within the space of four or five hours, then let the string be tied fast together, and so the skin which is between the clouts will be drawn and forced together and the wound will be dilated; In the mean time, hasten to cure and cicatrice the wound as fast as you may, and remove not your clouts until the wound be cured, let your glue be made of astringent and clammy things, and of healing plasters, as 

℞ Farine volitatis ℥ i. Masticis Rosar. rub.  
Sanguinis dracon. ana. ʒii.   Make thereof a fine powder and mix it with the whites of Eggs and Gum. Tragacanth. to the thickness of Honey.   

CHAP. XV. Of the retracted Nerves and crooked Juncturs after Combustions.  
IN great Combustions of the joints, the sinews are divers times retracted and drawn together, and the junctures are made crooked, and especially if the chirurgeon was not very diligent in the beginning, and applied not the splints and other instruments, concerning which we have written in our 11. Chapter, wherefore we must institute a new cure; but first let the body be purged according to the nature of the humour predominating; for which these things following are very convenient, Pil. de hirmodact. & Pil. Agrag. also Elect. Indiur. et benedict. taxatina.  
If the body be full of humours open a vein, and draw blood according to the magnitude of the strength concerning which take the counsel of a physician.  
The body being purged and prepared, as we have even now showed, the affected part is to be mollified and supplied with this following Decoction.  

℞ Radicum Altheae cum toto Radic. Briconiae  
Lillior albor Malvarum ana. ℥ ii. Fol violarum.  
Flor. Chamomillae Meliloti. Hyperici Cham. ana. M. i.  
Sem. Eoenogr. Sem. Lini. ana. ℥ i.   
Boil them in the Broth of the head and feet of a Weather, for a Fomentation, then anoint the whole Member with this following Ointment, 

℞ unguent. de Althea Auxungie human.  
Gallinasum Anseris Vrsi ana ℥ ss.  
Succi lumbricor ℥ ss i. Aque vitae ℥ ss.    
Afterwards apply a plaster of mucilage, hyssop, or Melilot spread upon a clout, the sinews, ligaments, and junctures being well mollified, we must use extension, which may be fitly done without pain, with fit Instruments; if the disease be in the knee or Elbow, than those Instruments are very convenient which are drawn by Gualtherus Reyff in his Chirurgery.  
Or else this following Instrument of our invention which you may prepare with a little trouble, and it may serve as well to the Elbow as the Knee.  
AA notifieth a little Casket made of wood, as well in the first figure as in the second.  
BB is an Iron plate made in the fashion of a Ring being of such breadth, that it will compass the whole knee; but that in the first-figure is open, and the other is shut and compasseth the knee, but that it may the better be fitted, it is necessary that part which belongeth to the rowndell of the knee be made hollow.  
CC. showeth a screw, by whose benefit the Ring is drawn downwards, or when need requires, is lifted upwards.  
DDD As well in the first as in the second Figure, in one part it noteth a hasp, and in the other part it showeth holes, by whose benefit the ring is made straight, or slake, according as need requireth.  
E. Noteth henges; in the first Figure with the which the ring is opened and shut; therefore the ring being opened, and the leg being placed in the Casket, ye shall fit the ring about the knee, and defend it with pleagets and linen clothes, then haspe it close with those haspes and holes which are noted with DDD. Furthermore, it hath two Buckels noted thus FFFF. and two thongs signified with GGGG. by whose benefit the leg is bound into the Casket: therefore the skiew being turned from the right hand towards the left, the ring and the knee are drawed towards the Casket, and the leg may be extended as much as the chirurgeon shall see fitting: Furthermore, that the screw may easily turn about in the ring, it is necessary, that it have a knobe which is noted with H.  
1. Is an iron plate which is annexed to the Casket, between the two Buckels, that thereby the screw may the more easily be turned about.  
But if the Combustion be in the Fingers, an industrious and witty chirurgeon may invent Fit instruments for the purpose: I have restored all the Fingers except the thumb of the right hand, which by a Combustion were drawn and conglutinated to the back of the hand, which kind of cure, although we have already touched in our observations, yet lest any thing should be here desired, which may fit to this purpose, I will here again annex it, Reader do thou favourably judge of them all.  
Anno 1596 Isaac Gotteran of Perroy, brought unto me Michael his son, which was of the age of 14. months, who at the age of six months, fell with his right hand into the burning coals, whereby his forefinger, middle-finger, ring-finger, and little finger, were so burnt together with the back of the hand, that the fingers fell down even unto the first articulation; but because his Father did commit the Cure to unskilful people, all his fingers except his thumb were compact together with the skin of the back of his hand, as it were in the form of a Globe as is seen by this following Figure:  
After seven months, when the cure was perfectly finished, the parents of the foresaid Child brought him unto me, pitifully desired my help, wherefore when I had parged his body with Manna, being given him in his broth, I did prepare chirurgical Medicines, as followeth; First I used this following Decoction and ointment for certain days together: 

℞ Radic. althaee cum toto Radic. Bryon. Lilior alb. ana. ℥ i.  
Flor. Chamomil. Meliloti. Chamedr. ana. M. j.  
Sem. Foenogr. lino ana. ℥ i.   Let them be boiled in the broth of the head and feet of a Weather for a fomentation, then anoint the whole hand and arm with this following ointment: 

℞ Vngunt dialtheos ℥ i. Auxungue human Gallinarum  
Anseris, Vrsi, succi lanibricor ʒss .   Mix them and make an ointment, then roll the hand in a plaster of Mufilage, when the Nerves and the Callosity of the wrinkled skin of the back of the hand, and of the fingers, were with these things sufficiently mollified; I cut away that hard skin between the back of the hand and the fingers, with an incision knife; and I also separated the fingers, than I strewed thereon my powder, to staunch blood, and I applied thereon the whits of eggs mixed with the waters of Roses and plantain and oil of Roses; also I laid a defensive to the wrist, the next day I applied this following digestive with soft plegets upon the incisions, as before with oils.  

℞ Terebinth. let. in aqua. plantag. et Rosar ℥. i.  
Olei rosac. et de vitel ovor ana. ℥. ii. ℈ ss.  
Vitel. Vnius ovi misce.   
The 5 day I used this following Instrument, and I endeavoured by little and little to bring the fingers to their natural order:  
A is a Splint of the breadth of three fingers, so long, that it may reach almost from the wrist to the elbow.  
B is a round stick of the thickness of the thumb, which is fixed to the Splint, and in the middle of this stick are four wooden pins, noted with CCCC. Also the splint hath two Buckels noted with DD. and two thongs signified by EE. by whose benefit the Instruments is bound to the arm: Therefore when the Instrument was well bound to, and everywhere wellbow lstered with linen clothes, I had in readiness fingerstalls made of Leather, which put upon the tops of the Fingers, and with the strings that hangeth to them. I drawed the Fingers downwards, and bound them to the pins noted with CCCC. and every day I tied them straighter.  
Which that it might the easier be done, I anointed the arm with the aforesaid ointment, as often as I dressed the wound, and lest that the Fingers should again conglutinate, I put between them leaden plates, and so by little and little the Fingers were reduced to their proper functions; In the mean time I consolidated and cicatriced the wounds, but not with those things which do greatly dry, but those which have also an emolent faculty, with such Medicines as we have showed, and so by God's help we restored the hand to his proper use.   

CHAP. XVI. Of Lightning, and how those which are stricken with it, are to be succoured.  
BEcause that of all Fires, the Fire from Heaven is most vehement and dangerous, and containeth in it certain supernatural faculties, with which a man may soon be destroyed; therefore I will make no long stay to what should be done therein: For this cause I have thought good (for the benefit of the Reader) briefly to show how those who are stricken with Lightning are to be handled and I do admonish all chirurgeons, that if they possible may, they take a physician with them to such kind of Patients.  
Now seeing this heavenly Fire (as experience teacheth) containeth in it certain supernatural qualities, we may also perceive it to have an adjunct quality and matter, very hurtful and venomous, which is easily perceived by that horrible stink and pestiferous odour which cometh as well from men as from other creatures that are stricken with Lightning: Hence it is, (as divers learned men do testify) that bears, Foxes, coneys, or other creatures using such places, which are stricken with Lightning, by reason of the filthy smell they cannot stay in their dens; and dogs also will not eat of the Flesh that hath been stricken with Lightning.  
By these things we may perceive how dangerous it is to use herbs which grow in such places: and the Earth (as Oulaus witnesseth) is perceived as it were to bestrewed with Brimstone, wherefore it is no marvel, that men do without any manifest cause fall down dead.  
Now this Fire, as Seneca witnesseth, is subtle; hence it cometh, that inanimate creatures, as Trees, and the like, are also hurt; Also besides that subtlety it hath in it a most dry substance, and earthy; hereby it cometh to pass, that it penitrateth and hurteth the soft parts of the body, but those which are more hard it breaketh, which I have observed not only to chance to animate creatures, but also to those which, are inanimate.  
If there be any pustels, wounds, or spots, then apply onions mixed with salt, or the leaves of rue powned with Treacle, and also apply Cupping-glasses and leeches, the Bladders being first cut; those things which do cause putrefaction and the falling of the scar, in this cause are not to be used; therefore cut off the scar with a pair of scissors, and then apply this following mundifying ointment: 

℞ Mellis Rosacei ℥ ii. Futuerisradic. vincet & Angeli. ana,  
Fol. rutae cum pull. qussatpii Theriacae ℥ ii. Aqua vitae ℥ ss misce.   Make thereof a Mundicative, when the Ulcers are mundified then strew on this following powder: 

℞ Pulveris radic. Vincitcvici & Angelicae ana. ℥ ss i.  
Myrrh, Masticis, Olibani, Fol. Scordii ana. ℥ iv.   Make them all into a small powder, with the which with a sufficient quantity of the juice of Sanicle or of pears, make thereof Trochicqus and dry them in the shade, then make it into powder  
If any bones be broken, they are to be reduced, but the chirurgeon ought to have a great care that he apply not such aftringent and cooling plasters, as he useth to do in other fractures. for they do hinder the expiration of the venom; wherefore apply this following cataplasm: 

℞ Farinae Fabar. Lupinor, ana. ℥ i. ss. Pul. radic. vincitexici &  
Angelicae ana. ℥ ss. Polior. cutae M. ℥ ss.   boil them with Oximel. unto the form of a powltiee, then mix therewith or treacle or Mithridate z i. and let fracture be once every day new bound up, and let the poultice be renewed, but first wash the member with wine in the which the roots of Angelica hath been boiled, and a little treacle dissolved in vinegar of Roses, which ought to be done presently whilst the fear of the venom is present; also apply a Defensive about the broadness of the palm of the hand, about the fracture, that the elevation of the venom may be turned from the noble parts:  
Ye ought also to look, that the belly be kept soluble, which if it be not so by nature, then use Suppositories and clysters, abstain from purging and blood letting, except there be any particular occasion to the contrary, in the which take the counsel of a physician.  
FINIS.