The FIRST LECTURE being an Introduction to the Military Architecture, or Fortifications.  
Read publicly at Sr. Balthazar Gerbier's ACADEMY.  PSALM. 144. ver. 1. 
O de Davidis, Benedictus fit Jehova rupes mea; qui docet manus meas praelium, digitos meos bellum.  
Blessed be the Lord my strength, which teacheth my hands to war, and my fingers to fight.  

Imprimatur,  
Hen: Scobell, Cleric: Parliamenti.   
Printed at London for Robert Ibbitson dwelling in Smithfield near Hosier Lane, 1650.   

TO HIS Excellency, the Lord general THOMAS LORD FAIREFAX.  
May it please your Excellency.  
SHould I not proceed Methodically in the Dedication of the Lectures which are read in my Academy, for Languages, Sciences, and Noble Exercises (as in all affairs and Sciences, seems most requisite I should neither remain blameless, nor be freed from Your Excellencies just censure, and disfavour, if what concerns Military Architecture or Fortifications, should appear to the public View under any other notion than your high Protection. And therefore it is, that I do now presume, to expose and submit to your Excellency this first Lecture concerning Military Architecture, with intent to proceed upon all the following parts, which as it makes its entrance by the Properties belonging to a governor of a Frontier Town, describing how that the main consequence is in the choice of the Person, so that he must neither be of too greater's, 〈…〉 to my Academy, which 〈…〉 the glory of God, as well as the Honour of this Nation, the encouragement and Improvement of all Lovers of virtue, are interested. Cannot but promise to itself, that so great and eminent a person (as yourself) will not only countenance and promote the same, for the completing of all those who practice in wars, but also for the benefit of all such as strive to be endowed with any other laudable virtues. Such a public good, serving for example to (strangers,) and not to boast, that they only possess, or are capable of those qualities, when the English Nation is every whit as able in body and mind as they can be. And this being Truth, I shall with the more confidence endeavour to continue in this undertaking, on the hopes that truth will make good what is and ever shall be my aim, by the settlement of such an Academy; so that your Excellency may please to take to yourself the due Title, not only of its Mars, but of its Maecenas, since all the virtues in Your Excellency so fitly occurring, make you both in general, and in particular, a true Lover of all what is honourable, generous, useful, and necessary: And as myself to remain  
Your excellency's most humble and most obedient Servant, Balthazar Gerbier. From the Academy this 28 of Decemb. 1649.   

THE FIRST LECTURE TOUCHING FORTIFICATIONS Read publicly at Sir Balthazar Gerbier's Academy: The Introduction  
AS by the holy Writ it appears that God, who is the Creator of Heaven and Earth is likewise termed the Lord of hosts, and battles, so the Royal Prophet David sought him, that he might teach his hands to war, and his fingers to fight. God permits men to find out inventions, and engines to wage war withal: And that ever since Cain broke the league of amity and brotherhood with Abel.  
Experience is only gotten by length of time, and not by birth, nor courage: For if so be the first Rabins were well grounded in what they affirm of Cain's death, Lamech slew him with an Arrow, which time had taught men to make.  
The several pretences of waging War are various: Nature warrants the first, which is self-defence; Religion the second, laws and Liberties the third.  
The Germans rose against the Romans, for the defence of their Liberty; the Thebans against Alexander; Charlemagne for Religion, warred on the Saxons for the space of thirty and three years; Pippin King of France took up arms against Adolph King of Lombeardy for the point of Religion: King Lewis the second, for Pope John the third: Geoffrey of Bullon for Religion warred on the Turk. But it would require too long a discourse to insist on the ridiculous slight pretences which have been made use of to wage War: That between the Swisses, and the Earl of Burgundy, proceeded from the taking away of a Cart load of skins, which the Lord of Romond took from a Suisse  
Alcibiades his ambition was but a pretence to persuade the Athenians for to attach Sicily. Scylla and Maria's only warred out of an ambition to reign: And as Cyrus and Alexander, so did Caesar and Pompey. But Theseus he purged the land of Robbers, and Hercules of Monsters.  
Abominable warriors there have been, who made their Wars detestable (as the Switsers did in the Romans time; when they wasted the land by firing) and the Campanians were no less to be abhorred, when Agatotles' fighting in Sicily being entered Messina, under pretence of friendship, he caused the greatest part of the Citizens to be put to death, only to get their means. Nor was it less odious in Hannibal, when after he had given his word to Geryon a town near Misena, that afterwards he put all the Inhabitants to the Sword.  
My glory said a great captain is to vanquish, and to pardon. As it is one of the most glorious and necessariest parts of a great Captain to have the like hands, as the Italian famous Poet Marino describes those of Emanuel Duke of Savoy to have been: Mani che si stringianno all Ferro, e si oprano al Oro, Hands that cling to the Iron, and open unto the gold.  
Let a soldier fight well, and let the general's hand distribute gold, and reward. Let me have gold said a Captain to King Philip the second, and no fortress shall hinder me its entrance. All such places into the which an ass loaden with gold can enter, are pregnable said Philip King of Macedon.  
But Marcus Curtius his ambition was to command those that had gold, for thereby he commanded all, and such a General, or Commander, is like a lion that commands an Army of stags, since nothing runs swifter than gold. Yet better is it, said a great Captain, to have an Army of stags commanded by a lion, than an Army of lions commanded by a stag.  
But before we enter into the field, display colours, and draw forth our Armies: as we find God to be the Lord of hosts and battles, preservation, the first law of Man; the defence of Religion, the next strong tye; laws and Liberties the third grand interest and greatest concernment of Nations. Let us then take along with us the prescriptions of the Scripture concerning wars, Deut. 20.11,12. When thou comest nigh a City to fight against it, then proclaim a peace unto it, and it shall be, if it make thee answer of peace, and open unto thee, than it shall be, that all the people that are found therein shall be tributary unto thee, and they shall serve thee: But if they will make war against thee, than thou shalt besiege it. Neither was this commandment without a restriction, as we read in the 19 v. of the said Chapter of Deut. When thou shalt besiege a City a long time, in making war against it, for to take it; Thou shalt not destroy the Trees thereof by forcing an Axe against them, for thou Mayst eat of them, and thou shalt not cut them down, for the tree of the Field is man's life, to employ them in the siege; only the trees which thou knowest that they be not Trees for meat, those thou shalt destroy, and cut them down.  
Thus duty fitly appearing in the Front, its most proper to begin with that duty proper to those, who are to command both in the Field, and within the Towns; and so proceeding with the duty of those that are to be commanded: We shall afterwards treat of all the particulars appertaining to the Military Architecture, or Fortifications; as likewise of the Divisions of the several parts belonging unto the same. Of the explaining of such terms and words as are proper to Fortification; of the maxims or general rules to be observed in Fortifications, what we are to consider before we begin to fortify; of the several seats, or situations of places, of the qualities, and properties of the soil: and lastly, how to flank, and secure one's self.  
All which consisting in demonstrations, it will be necessary to proceed with the names and terms proper in Fortifying, as well in the Scenography, as Orthography; The manner to find out the Angles necessary in all Fortresses, and that by four several ways, according to the four most famous Authors that have written on that Subject; to wit, Merolois, Fritach, Errard, and Deville.  
How to divide a circumference, and therein to mark the several Polygones of all regular figures: The manner how to stake out, or trace the principal parts as well within, as without any place; and so forth: For that it will avail but little to know what is to be done, when the main is unknown, and the way how to perform it, which ought to be learned by any man who desires to be a perfect soldier both for his honour and use; for as ignorance is despicable, so its prejudicial: Let not any soldier then persuade himself, that it can any ways suffice him to go but just as far as the pronunciation of the Alphabet; for that it will avail them no more, when they shall come to be put to the practical part, than it will to any Auditory when they shall only be told, what followeth, viz.  
That the Orthography, or Purfile of a fortress, is a section, or a perpendicular line, running even with the Horizon, and that which representeth unto our view the several parts of a fortress.  
That the Scenography, it an explaining of the Names and terms properly used in the Art of Fortifying.  
That a walled place, where store of houses are seated together, whose inhabitants are governed by a civil Magistrate, may properly be termed a town.  
That a Fort, is a place, environed with Motes, Ramparts, and with Bulwarks, wherein a few Men, may defend themselves against a greater number, and the assault of many.  
That a citadel is a fortress of four, five, six, or more Bastions, which is joined to a Town for to command, and keep it in awe.  
That a Castle is an ancient kind of building, with several Towers or Turrets, and a Mote or Ditch about it, either dry, or full of water.  
That the Hold is the Block-house, or redoubt in a Castle, unto which usually the last Retreat is made.  
That a place of arms, is an empty space within the walls, whereunto the principal streets do lead, and where the soldiers do assemble to receive orders for the Guards or any other Commands, and likewise there to be exercised.  
That a peculiar place of arms, is a certain space near unto every Bastion, or at the foot of the Rampart whither the soldiers are sent from the main guard, to repair unto their several Posts, as well to relieve those on the Guards, as to refresh, and relieve them that fight.  
That the Rampart is an elevated earth, which encloses the place, and is capable to resist the Canon shot.  
That a Parapet, is a bank of Earth raised on the Rampart, behind which the soldiers may give fire in safety.  
That the Banquet, or foot-bank, is a little height of Earth, on which the soldiers stand when they give fire.  
That the main breadth, or walk, is that part of the Rampart which is made even, and solid, for the recoil of the Cannon, and on which the soldiers march in a body.  
That the way for the Rounds, or false bray, is the space between the Rampart, and the List or Berme, where an Enemy is to be resisted when he draws near the Town, and when the shot from the Rampart can do no more execution on the Assailants. That its Parapet, is like to that of the main Rampart, with its foot-bank.  
That the Listor Berme, is the support of the False-bray, next adjoining to the Mote. That the Mote or Ditch, is an empty depth, or full of water, environing the Town, or fortress. That the little Ditch or Cave, is a small overture in the midst of the great Mote, deeper than the said Mote.  
That the Conidor, or covered way, is raised on the Counterscarp, and secured by its Parapet, its foot-bank and the slope. That its Parapet is the outmost Breast-work beyond the Mote; and that it termineth itself, slantingly, or shelvingly with the plain Field.  
That cavaliers or platforms, are raised eminencies, or rather naturallones, either on the curtain or Bulwarks, over-topping the rest of the works as a horseman, may be said to do one on foot.  
That halfmoons are small Works advanced towards the Fields, and are usually placed before the points of the Bastions for their reinforcement, having small Flanks.  
That a Ravelin is a piece of Fortification consisting only of two Faces, usually placed in the Mote, before the Curtains, and Gates.  
That Flatformes are all kind of Fortifications built on outward Angles.  
That horn works, are advanced towards the Fields, having half Bastions at their heads, and are usually placed on the weakest parts of a fortress, to hinder and retard the approaches of an Enemy towards the main Works of the place.  
That Crown works are advanced into the Fields, much like the horn works, broad before, and narrow behind, with one, two, or more Bastions, in the midst, and on each side a half Bastion; and they are placed on such Eminencies as chance to overtop any fortress. That Tenalies are much like Horn-works, save that they have no Bulwarks. That Star Sconces, have only flanking sides, either of four, five, or six Angles, and derive their name from the resemblance of a Star, being usually placed on the Trenches.  
That Redouts are little square works, placed here and there in Trenches and approaches, for the strengthening of them, and are also sometimes advanced on the advenues in the Fields.  
That Trenches are Works containing and enclosing the whole Camp, by a continued line, called the line of circumvallation: As also they serve to environ and fortify the whole Army, or any part thereof.  
That approaches are lanes digged through the Earth, by the which an assailant may with security advance unto a fortress, without being endangered by the enemy's shot.  
That Counter approaches are such like lines which the besieged make, to cross and interrupt by their sallies the enemy's approaches.  
That a Gallery, is a covered way made over the Mote, it being filled with Bavens, and Earth, whereon Gabents are placed at certain distances to uphold the Gallery; which being lined on the sides with good oaken Planks, and likewise boarded on the top, is secured from the enemy's shot, and Granadoes, and thereby the soldiers are safely conducted over the Mote, to storm a breach, or for the Miners to open a Mine.  
That a breach is a Rupture, which either by Canon shot, or by the springing of a Mine, is made in some one part of the Bulwark or Curtain, and by the which the assailants may enter the fortress.  
That a Mine is a Trench or secret hidden Alley, sunk under the face of a Bastion, Curtain, or any outwork, wherein a Chamber being made, and powder placed, it serves to ruin and blow up an enemy's work, and so to facilitate an entrance, Which art of undermining hath been made use of both in the Greeks and Romans time.  
That Gabions are defences made of Baskets, filled with earth, and they are of several heights, and thicknesses, as to resist Cannon shot on batteries, musket shot in approaches, or Sconces.  
That there are other Countermines or caverns, Vaulted lanes, or Allies, called Trenches, which are usually made under the foot bank, running along the rampart, with many vents, reaching from the bottom to the top of the Rampart, for to hinder and break the force of the powder, and also to swallow up the ruins of the Mine, which otherways would render the breach more large, and its access more easy.  
That reintrenchments are fresh works, made to defend the ruined rampart, being separated from the same within the place, and such like are to be provided in time, to sustain an enemy's assault, and make good the place, till the capitulations can be made.  
That all eminencies or places commanding each other in a fortress, are only heights of nine foot, or there abouts, over-topping the rest of the works, that these eminencies may be made either simple or composed, steep and precipitated, flanking the breach, either in front, sideways, or backwards.  
That candlesticks, or blinds, are high pieces of timber stakes, which serve to uphold either branches of Trees, Rice bushes or Planks, and by the which, blinds are made to hinder the enemies viewing or discovering of the Assailants, Approaches, or Sappings.  
That Pallisadoes are a defence of high stakes of Timber, set together like pales, shod on the top with Iron forked heads, which are for the most part placed on the outsides of the fortress, as also at the foot of the curtains, Rampart, and oftentimes of the leveled outworke, or Esplanade, some two or three foot distant from the Conidor or covered way.  
That Baracadoes on Turn-Pikes are to be bodies of trees cut in several squares; and are fortified with several staves of an half Pikes length shod with Iron, which are passed through the said bodies of trees, facing to all sides on which they were severally placed, as on passages, advenues, or breaches, both for to hinder the advance of Horse or foot  
That there is also another kind of defence, or palisado, called a ruff, consisting of wooden stakes, shod with Iron pegs, and that they are placed sloping wise, on the middle height of the faces of any fortress, as also on the outworks.  
That these defences are very necessary to discover an Enemies intended surprise, or sudden attalke, as also to hinder any soldiers from running out of the place, or stealing away by night.  
And therefore to proceed methodically, we shall begin with the governor of a place, and with those qualities which he ought to possess.  

Of the governor.  
AS the governor in a place, represents either the State or the Sovereign, so of his Fidelity, Diligence, and Courage, depends questionless the preservation of the Inhabitants of the land, as well as of the place, and it is therefore one of the most importantest charges to a State, for that in effect the preservation of a shire, nay, of the whole Country is often concerned in that of one particular town, as the loss of such places prove oftentimes no less prejudiciable than that of an Army: After a battle is fought men may be rallied, and an Army may be made up again, by a retreat unto an adjacent strong place, which when once fallen into the possession of an enemy, is neither so easy, nor so soon recovered again, therefore great care must be taken in the election of governors, for such places of importance: And that a State may not be deceived, their persons must be well known to be men of godliness, and that they may possess as much as possible can be, all the most necessary qualities requisite in a governor.  
Men of two great power and credit must not be put into strong frontier towns, for that a sovereign or a State would otherways be constrained to yield unto them in all that they may demand, for if they should but seem to displease them, it's then to be feared that on the least occasion, suspicion, or discontent; they would be apt to revolt.  
Those of a low rank, except they have some notable virtue which makes them commendable, as their long since known honesty, and tried fidelity, are worse than the former; for that being men who have little to lose, are not to be relied on in that they may be soon wrought upon by the proffers of an enemy.  
Those of a mean or indifferent condition between both are the fittest for such a trust, since they are not subject to the foresaid faults; being not powerful enough to make a party for to revolt, and though they should do so, yet can they not make their party good, besides that, divers considerations will hinder them to render themselves to an Enemy: having their friends, their kindred, their family, their means, their houses, in regard of which they will not so soon venture to lose all those certainties, for a doubtful hope. When they must (by the betraying that trust reposed in them) submit themselves to the mercy of an Enemy, who is apt enough to embrace that treason which brings him profit, and honour, but ever despiseth, nay hateth the traitor.  
King Henry the fourth of France, among many great actions, is to be remembered eternally in this particular, that he sent notice to the Duke of Joyeuse of a traitor, who came to the said King with an offer to kill that Duke, and many such like examples may be alleged to confirm that traitors are always to be had in abomination.  
And it is altogether necessary to consider how those persons, who are to be chosen for governors, have lived, Nature cannot be forced, for a long time will scarce serve to discover men's inclinations, and those who have all their life time lived honourably, will hardly commit a base action, when they shall be put into such a place of trust; but such as are of an ill disposition will soon fall into relapses, and shake off that constraint which made them to disguise their vices: Nature always comes to its self, neither can dissimulations last long.  
Such as have always approved themselves true, and who have had several employments whereby they have given a testimony of themselves, are to be preferred unto all others. And many have been found, who at first could so well counterfeit their humours as they have made themselves to be esteemed brave men, and by their impudence in forging lies, have obtained the Government of most important places, which they have most miserably lost so soon as they were set upon, and though their heads were taken off, yet the towns were not thereby regained.  
And if any Government be conferred by way of reward for services done by aged men, it's not fit to put them into Frontier towns, for that instead of procuring rest unto them, they would be put unto turmoils and labours.  
They must be men of vigour, and such as may bestir themselves, and are able to endure hardness, pains, and take care both for the preservation of the place, and of the land, and for its defence in case it be attached: He that will acquit himself well of this charge, ought not to sleep in the nights, but must keep both the soldiers and the Inhabitants in a perpetual fear, he must take a continual care of them, and often visit the Walls and Rounds.  
Those that are old, are fittest for such places as are in the main body of the Land, wherein the cares and pains are not so requisite.  
And besides these natural qualities they ought to have others, partly acquired by study, and partly by exercise and experience, they ought above all things to know their charge and duty, for its altogether absurd, to give Government to such persons as know not what they are to govern, and how they are to command, neither is it then time to learn, since it proves of too dangerous a consequence, for that the faults then committed are of too great consequence, and cannot be redressed.  
Neither will it justify, that they have read or heard say: they must have seen divers sieges, and especially they must have seen how towns are set upon, whereupon they will have discovered and observed both the offence and defence of places, for that such a one who hath not been in the like occasions, finds himself puzzled, and knows not what to resolve unto, for that all events surprise him, and all that an enemy doth affrightens him, a potent Army that summons him, so many Canons that incessantly batters him, Trenches so suddenly coming upon him (at least the first) all which makes him apprehend, that his town is set upon by some other way then ordinary, and that its impossible to hold out against such onsets: Then they easily believe they have done their duty, and that they may render themselves up, when they ought but to begin to defend themselves in good earnest.  
To the contrary, a man that hath seen divers sieges persuades himself, that he shall in a little space see the great part of that Army perish, and all the continual shooting of the enemy's Canon, can do him but little harm, that the first works are easily advanced, and so never is astonished at any event, for that he well knows what an Enemy can do, and in case any thing should happen contrary to his expectation, yet his expereince and judgement affords him means to remedy the same. He well knows how the Enemy must advance, what they can attempt, and how he can oppose them, as also to what extremity or pass he ought, or can hold out, so that he never yields until he hath done all what a man of honour is capable of.  
Neither shall we need to speak of courage, since to tell you, that a man pretending to a Government ought to be courageous, would be as frivolous as to say, that a soldier ought to have a Sword, for that the one and the other ought to be inseparable, so when one is said to be a Governor, it's to be supposed that he is courageous, and consequently free from the two vices which are the two extremes of that virtue.  
Those that are to be 〈◊〉 handed, and who must only execute, can never have too much courage, and the excess thereof is very good in them, but such as have all the command, and are alone, must not be presumptuous, especially those who defend a place: For if they go rashly to work, and if they make daily sallies, without taking the advantages both of time and place, and if they continually hazard themselves, they will soon cause the loss not only of their best soldiers, but of themselves, and so consequently the place will be taken.  
They must consider that they are constituted in the place, for to keep it, and to defend it as long as they can, so that if they chance to occasion the loss thereof, either out of a vanity, to manifest that they fear nothing; or on the contrary by too much timorousness, they are then equally guilty, both in the one, and in the other particular, and so the State or the sovereign, chanceth to lose the place by either.  
A governor than ought to be prudent, of an undaunted mind, who starts at nothing; who gives courage to others; who when its requisite for him, to prove a bold man, must at the same time remember his own preservation, as well as that of the place, to defend it as long as he can, and in case will perish in the same, rather than survive its loss, That it be at the last onset, and utmost resistance.   

What Vices a governor ought to shun.  
There are certain Vices of which all honest men ought to be free: ungodliness the first, since those cannot expect God's assistance, who do not acknowledge him, and that place is guarded in vain, if God do not guard the same.  
Covetousness in a Gove●our is unsupportable, for that he will rack the Country, he will not pay his soldiers, he will acquire the hatred of the inhabitants and so be odious to all men, and be abandoned of all his Garrison, and moreover such a one is likewise subject to be corrupted.  
Drunkenness is no less to be abhorred, for that a drunken man is void of reason, and if in that moment a place should be set upon, it must be lost of necessity for want of Orders, besides that, all other do easily follow his example; and so give an Enemy just cause to watch for, and take their advantage at their usual times of merriments; for that no place ought to be entrusted to a man that cannot conserve himself.  
A governor ought to be versed in the Military laws, for to order, and punish according to the soldier's misdemeanour; he ought likewise to understand the civil Law to order all fit establishments, and to cause them to be observed; as likewise to decide such differences as may chance to arise between the soldiers themselves; or between the soldiers, and the Inhabitants.  
The first, its true, are ready framed; to that its only needful to reform them according to the exegency of times, and occasions; and for the other, a man may remit himself to Jurists, since neither the one, nor the other do properly belong to the preservation, or defence of the place.  
A governor ought to esteem his place as the most dearest thing in the world to him, and whereon his honour, and life depends: And at his entrance therein, he ought to represent unto himself, that he deserves not to live after its loss, so that he ought to have as much care of it, as of his own preservation; and he is bound in duty continually to think on the bettering of his place, how it may be best guarded, best provided; and to think in peaceful times, what he might stand in need of when the Wars should be renewed, and so to provide for all; for that no man of sense, or reason will leave any thing at a venture; nor ever say, who would have thought this, or that.   

The greatest honour for a governor.  
To conclude, I shall say, that there is no place in the Wars, wherein more honour is to be gotten, then in a governor, when he is set upon, and defends himself well in a good place. For that in Combats, Fortune hath the greatest share; parties are oft equal, the courses are not regular; so he that besiegeth hath always a divided command, for that divers onsets are to be made, which are to be performed by sundry Commanders; and it is to be presupposed that the besieger comes with sufficient forces to take the place.  
And finally, that all besieged places must be taken; so that he that takes it not, deserves more blame, than honour, when he shall have taken it. For that the one is directly contrary to that which was expected, and supposeth a default; and the other was a thing which was sure to come to pass.   

The great advantages in standing out a Siege.  
Now he that defends a place; first he is alone in power, and all what he doth, is attributed directly unto him, be it well or ill done; the defence depends of his person, and of his carriage, and but very little of Fortune; so that if he defends himself in such a manner, as he constrains his enemies to raise the siege, it must needs be admirable; since it was against the opinion of all men, in that he held longer than it was expected he could; all which is attributed unto the person that commandeth in the place.  
Lastly, it may truly be said, that he who stands out a Siege, gets more honour, than he that wins a Battle; for that by his gallant resisting, he destroys an enemy's Army, saves his own men and place, and secures the State, &c.  
In the next ensuing Lectures on the Military Art, there shall be treated, of that which a governor ought to do at his entrance into a place where he is to command. Of the orders he is to give concerning the civil Government, unto what duties the soldiers are to be kept; his forecast to discover the disposition of his soldiers, and their Officers.  
What number of men he ought to have; how they are to be armed, and what spare Arms he ought to be furnished with, what care he ought to have for the preservation of his spare Arms. Of the necessary Ammunitions of War, as well as those of victuals, and the like.  
How he may discover the defects of his places. What he ought to know of Fortifications, and wherein its perfection doth consist.  
Of its construction, and its defensive Lines; and consequently on all the necessary parts thereof; all which by the grace of God, shall be declared at large.  
So that for the present, we will close this with a short Meditation fit for all good Christians; That if so be it be necessary, to have so many qualities, and to take so much care for the preservation of a small compass and parcel of clay, loam, and of a few houses within the circumference of a Wall or Bulwark: What care ought we then to have (but mere dust and ashes) for the preservation of our souls, placed in an habitation, continually beset by an Army, compassed by legions of Princes of the air, by Spirits of darkness and destruction, who are never to be tired, who need neither to borrow or buy any victuals, for their subsistence, who have numberless engines at hand, who have placed their Petards and murdering pieces at all the gates of our Senses, and never run any danger themselves of being surprised, though they have millions of deceits, to ensnare the only two Sentinels of our body, our eyes, by giving a world of false alarm; To surprise our Hearing; and who at the very first, strike at the main fortress, the Heart, and the mind of Men: And if so be the gaining of all the world, be nothing, in comparison unto the loss of one soul; O what a precious task must the preservation of that Soul be against the grand and common Enemy to mankind; and what an honour is the preserving thereof! as it ought to be man's sole bliss; who can never miscarry therein, so long as he fixeth on his strong Tower, and fortress of defence; and that he doth continually watch, pray, and manfully fight the good combat of Faith; hereby the greatest honour is to be acquired, for that by so doing, the grand Enemy will be forced to break up his siege, and retire.  
It was the servant, zealous, and most pious prayers of the royal Prophet David, That God's enemies might be confounded and be put to flight; And what can we desire more, then that by his unspeakable mercies (we that are the precious gems for the which Christ Jesus hath spilled his most precious blood) have made the grand Enemy of our souls to retire, &c.  
The end of the first Lecture of FORTIFICATION