THE CONCLAVE OF Physicians. In Two Parts. Detecting Their Intriqus, Frauds, and Plots, Against Their PATIENTS, And their destroying the Faculty of Physic. Also a Peculiar Discourse OF THE JESVITS BARK: The History thereof, with its True Use and Abuse. Moreover an Account of some Eminent Cases and new Principles in Physic, of greater use than any yet known.  
The second Edition with many Alterations.  
By Gideon Harvey, M. D. Physician in Ordinary to His Majesty.  
London, Printed for james Partridge, Stationer to his Royal Highness George Hereditary Prince of Denmark, and sold at his Shop at the Posthouse between Charing-Cross and Whitehall. MDCLXXXVI.   

THE CONCLAVE OF Physicians. The FIRST PART. Detecting Their Intriqus, Frauds, and Plots, Against Their PATIENTS. Also a Peculiar Discourse OF THE JESUITS BARK: The History thereof, with its True Use and Abuse.  
The second Edition with many Alterations.  
By Gideon Harvey, M. D. Physician in Ordinary to His Majesty.  
London, Printed for james Partridge, Stationer to his Royal Highness George Hereditary Prince of Denmark, at the Posthouse at Charing-Cross. MDCLXXXVI.   

To the Honourable Sr. Philip Howard Knight, Captain and Colonel of the Queen's Troop of His Majesty's Guards.  
TAm Marti quam Mercurio, was the just Atchieument of the great Sir Philip Sidney, and he that would imitate Plutarch in the parallel of his Worthies, must to Sir Philip Howard award not only an equal, but a rank as far superior, as this latter Age excels the former. The felicity of your Genius has obtained an Experience so large in the faculties of the Learned, that even in ours you are received a Judge, as Impartial as Knowing; may I than presume to commit this Treatise, though small, yet great in Importance, to your Patronage and Suffrage, which is the submissive Petition of,  
Honourable Sir, Your most Humble And most Obedient Servant, Harvey.   

Introduction.  
Reader,  
I Omit Complementing you with Courteous, Gentle, or the like, suspecting the mayor part may prove of a contrary hue; and therefore you are to believe, this tract is not written to please many; for which I expect no other reward, than what is in my power to bestow on myself, namely a satisfaction, flowing from a sincere design of cautioning Physicians and Chirurgeons, in the exercise of their Profession, by setting before their Eyes the Errors, Frauds, and male practice of some Physic Doctors of Paris, and those also sub tectonomine, it being wholly foreign to my intention, to detract from the reputation of any Man, though living at a great distance: And whereas gross aberrations adequate to those within mentioned may hap at Amsterdam, Hamborough, or a greater City, whence probably from the consciousness of their guilt some may imagine themselves levelled at (and so may those at Constantinople, if they conclude the Precedents recited in this Treatise may be adapted to any Meridian) I do protest, and call Heaven to witness, I did never declare to any Man, nor ever shall, that by Paris Physicians and Chirurgeons within named, I meant any other, than those living in the Metropolis of France. This I conjecture will be termed a Jesuitical Protestation by some malicious Infidels, who will believe none Protestants, but those that wear little Bands, and cropped Hair. An hungry Guest is impatient to know what he is to have for his Entertainment, and so may you possibly; and therefore I will immediately acquaint you with your Bill of Fare. Here is variety of Butcher's Meat, fetched from the Shambleses of Paris Physicians, though plainly dressed after the old English Mode, without interlarding with French Rhetoric. You have some pleasant Entremets, that will help to digest the other. After this, for a Desert, you are presented with a Discourse on the Jesuits Bark, relating what it is, and what it is not; how it is to be used, and how to be abused. Before I take my Congé, I must give you some account of the Conclave of Physicians mentioned in this little Volume Sans Queve, as in the Title Page, and elsewhere; and there if (you please) you are to apprehended it to be the Conclave of Physicians of Venice, and Conclave Physicians, to be Venetians. Know than this famous Conclave is the eldest Quack Synagogue, consisting of a Physic Pope or Patriarch, and a Competent number of Medicinal Cardinals, who being grown Ancient, Covetous, and through forgetfulness, Ignorant, are to govern the rest, and whenever they are consulted, they are to impose upon the juniors their pretended long Experience, which they are to embrace with the same implicit faith, the Turks do their Alcoran. But if Refractory, they are to be convened before Il Consiglio picolo, which is their Purgatory, whence they may be received again into the bosom of the Conclave; but if afterwards they prove incorrigible, than the Consiglio Grande, or the whole Conclave sits upon them (which is their Inquisition) and there they are damned, and utterly expelled without redemption. Thus in my time I have known several poor Wretches damned, going about Streets like Dogs without Tails. It is in the Power of the Consiglio Picolo to grant Indulgences to Nurses, Midwives, Tinkers, and Cobblers to practice Physic, modo poss. prod. in alcas. The Prerogative of granting Bulls of Absolution for Poisoning a man, or Dispensations for male practice is invested in most of the Cardinals, but especially in the Patriarch, and the method of procuring them is easy, viz. by sending for one of them, (which in their Gibberish is termed, calling one in) and operating with the Patient or his Relations, to present him with three or four Hongari's or Chequeens, which procures a plenary Absolution. The foresaid Patriarch, to keep up the reputation of the Conclave, is by them reputed Infallible, carrying the Keys of Life and Death about his Girdle, namely, an Inkhorn and an Escroul, on which setting his mark, all mankind is implicitly to believe, the Patient either died impossibly curable, or recovered his health at the hands of the Learned: So absolute is Custom in rendering the greatest Fourbery and act of Virtue and Honesty. In their Religio Medicorum they also acknowledge Saints; as, San Riverio, San Villisio, San Tabore; likewise adore Relics; as, Peruvian-Chips, Opium, Steel, etc. Against those that refuse being admitted into their Conclave, and will not conform, they sand forth their Bulls and Anathema's, declaring them Mountebanks, Quacks, Chemists, Barbers, Ignorants, etc. and if such should at any time have a Patient die under their Hands of an incurable Disease, they thunder it out, he killed the Patient, poisoned him, applied wrong Medicines, and the like. According to the exinanition of their Treasury, once in eight or ten years they proclaim a Jubilee, setting open their doors to Physicians, Barbers, Apothecaries, and Renegade Priests, who upon the payment of a certain sum of Chequeens, are Honoured with a Fop Character, and received into the Church-Porch of Aesculapius, being forbidden to enter any further during the time it is occupied by the whole Conclave or the Consiglio Picolo, though at other Seasons they have tolerations to peep in, or take a turn or two.  
Their immolations are celebrated chief in the Winter upon Dogs and Cats by the younger fry, and sometimes upon Human Bodies, performed by the Hangman, their subservient Officer, which being conveyed to their Chancel, the Cardinals in their turn fall hewing and slaying these Carcases like Cannibals, to the intent all Spectators (to whom at such Festivals free egress and regress is granted) may behold them sitting in their Pontificalibus, and making a pretended narrower search into the parts of Man's Body, insinuating thereby to these Gazers their incomparable Skill and Learning, not without a plain Innuendo, that they should sand for them in time of Sickness: This is their joint plot, wherein each pretends a share, and it is looked upon to be of such great prevalence, that some Companies forbidden any of their Members to hold private Anatomies, jest thereby he should draw too great a share of business, which aught to be in common; of so great a value is esteemed this Anatomy Jewel, forcing a Trade beyond comparison; but if that be the crafty design of the Venetian Conclave, I wonder they do not print all their Names together in a sheet of Paper with their Dwelling-places, and the name of the Street where they may be spoken with, from eight of the Clock to twelve, and from two to six, and than 'cause these advertising sheets to be hung up in every Apothecary's Shop, and Booksellers Bulk: but after all I doubt that would sound too much like the noise of Ducks. And what new Discoveries have they made in Anatomy these twenty years? Certainly none, and I dare presume to say, I myself have divulged more new Anatomical Observations, which are of greater use, than all of 'em in a bundle; and yet I must confess, had I employed those Anatomical hours in the study of other parts of Physic, I should have made a far better Physician; however as I am, I should be loath to slain my Education (which as you may read in my Casus Medico-Chyrurgicus, is beyond any Conclave Physician) in having my Name and Abode Printed in a Catalogue, though with other Conclavists, under pretence of being visited by my juniors, or distinguished from Illiterate Mountebanks, when in effect it's as much, as if they writ over their door, here lives a Wyer-drawer. Moreover, he that is so far debauched in his senses as to be admitted into any Conclave of Physicians, doth ipso facto, as much entitle himself to all their Manslaughters, Fourbs and Impostures, as he that is listed among a Troop of Neapolitan Banditi, doth at that moment participate in the guilt of all their former Crimes and Villainies, in the same manner as if he had born a part in them himself. What irretrivable and dangerous consequences ensue a Conclave of Physicians, and an Association, Combination and Confederacy of such sort of Men is offered to your view in the said Cas. Med. Chir. and may deserve the serious consideration of all judicious Men. At the beginning of this preamble, I communicated to you what my scope is in publishing these; in the Conclusion I am only to tell you what it is not; and therefore know, it is not to set up a Beacon to light Patients to my House, into whose business as I ever was negligent to introduce myself, so being introduced, the lest indignity doth stimulate me to leave it, Fees having lesle influence upon me than upon the lest covetous Conclavist: For I know no other Virtue great Richeses are endowed with, than to make a Man justice of Peace among his own Servants, and an Innkeeper or Host to his acquaintance, both which Offices are rewarded with trouble in abundance, and repugnant to a quiet Life.  
Westminster April 30th. 1685.   

THE CONTENTS.  

PART I  

CHAP. I. OF the Subdolous Proceed in Consultations: together with the recital of an Eminent Case in Physic. Pag. 1.  
Chap. 2. Of the specious and false pretences of Anatomical Physicians; also of the Use and Abuse of Anatomy. p. 23.  
Chap. 3. Of the fraudulent pretext of Anatomy by a most unskilful Surgeon, obtruded to the Vulgar Barbarous Practice and Errors in Surgery. p. 29.  
Chap. 4. Of Subtleties used by those of the Conclave, to promote their Interests. p. 49.  
Chap. 5. Of false Methods of Physic in Malign Fevers, Great and Smallpox. p. 63.  
Chap. 6. Of the bold and fatal Practices of the Conclave. p. 76.  
Chap. 7. Concerning the Description of the true Method of Physic, whereby a Physician is distinguished from a Quack. p. 80.  
Chap. 8. Of false Methods, and Methodists. p. 84.  
Chap. 9 Of two sorts of Mountebanks, viz. The Anatomical Theater-mounter, and the Bank-mounter; together with the Tricks of the former. p. 89.  
Chap. 10. Containing the chief Subject of this Treatise. p. 101.  
Chap. 11. Of Semitertians, scarce understood by Conclave Physicians. p. 113.  
Chap. 12. Proving that the jesuits Powder never yet Cured any Remitting Fever. p. 118.  
Chap. 13. Of the jesuits Bark, what it is, whether Artificial or Natural. p. 125.    

PART. II.  

CHAP. I. OF the second qualities of the jesuits Bark. p. 1.  
Chap. 2. Willis his hypothesis of Agues is ridiculously Erroneous. p. 17.  
Chap. 3. By what Virtue, manner or quality, the jesuits Bark doth stop Ague Fits. p. 32.  
Chap. 4. Giving the reasons for the Method and Rules (heretofore set down) of exhibiting the jesuits Bark. p. 35.  
Chap. 5. Containing Animadversions on the Grand Course of Physic, described in Chap. 11. p. 44.  
Chap. 6. What sort of Animal a Conclave Physician is like to prove. p. 52.  
Chap. 7. Concerning the Apothecaries and Surgeon's Capacity and Pretention to practise Physic equal with the Doctors. p. 55.  
Chap. 8. Containing some Eminent Cases in Physic p. 72.  
Chap. 9 Fevers and other Distempers explained, and cured by new Principles. p. 93.  
Chap. 10. Of a most Tragical Case. p. 112.     

Some Books Printed for james Partridge, and Sold at his Shop at the Posthouse between Charing-Cross and White-Hall.  
MOdern Curiosities of Art and Nature, extracted out of the Cabinets of the most Eminent Personages of the French Court: in two Parts; the first Containing divers secrets in Physic, and Surgery: also curious Experiments in imitation of Jewels, Pearls, Marble, and Jasper; Curious Perfumes, Essences, Pastils, Cassollets, the Grounds and Scenting of the best Hair-Powder, the richest Washbals, Curious Compositions of Secret Inks, of Sweetmeats, Flowers, and Fruits; Wines how to preserve them, and to recover them when decayed; to restore Tapestry, Turkywork, Gold and Silver Lace, to their first beauty: Curious Experiments in House-keeping, Housewifery, and Gardening; admirable receipts in Cookery, excellent Receipts in the diseases of Horses, Dogs, and other cattle; to destroy Bugs, Lice, etc. and other House Vermin. The second Part Containing the whole Art of Moulding and Casting all sorts of large and small Figures, Medals, Leans, and other forms, in Lead, Tin, Silver, Copper, Plaster, Wax, Sulphur, Pasteboard, etc. as well hollow as solid; also the whole Art of enriching, Guilding, Colouring, Staining, Beautifying, and Varnishing all sorts of things, either cast or wrought by hand with several Grounds and Sisers for that purpose: Composed and Experimented by the Sieur Lemery, Apothecary to the French King: In Twelves, price bound 2 Shillings sixpences. In English.  
A new discourse of the Small Pox and Malignant Fevers, with an Exact discovery of the S●orvey; together with observations and discourses on Convulsions, Palsies, Apoplexies, Rheumatisms and Gouts, with their several methods of Cure, and Remedies: By Gideon Harvy, M. D. Physician in Ordinary to His Majesty. In Twelves.  
Various new Observations and Discourses upon the Veneral Disease, never Published, made known or discovered before this time, by any Author, comprising all the several kinds thereof, their Signs and Prognostics, with the several Cures and Remedies for the same. With which is printed little Venus unmasked: The fifth Edition, with many alterations, by Gideon Harvey, M. D. In Twelves.  
Casus Medico-Chyrurgius, or a most memorable Case of a Noble Man deceased, wherein is showed his Lordship's Wound, the Various Diseases, survening how his Physicians and Surgeons treated him, how treated by the Author after my Lord was given over by all his Physicians, with all their Opinions and Remedies. Moreover the Art of Curing the most dangerous of Wounds by the first intention; with the description of the Remedies. The second Edition, Written and published by His Majesty's Command, by Gideon Harvey, M. D. in Octavo.   

The Conclave of PHYSICIANS: Detecting their Intriqus, Frauds and Plots Against their Patients.  

CHAP. I  
Of the subdolous proceed in Consultations: together with the recital of an eminent Case in Physic.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
Life is short, (but) the Art is long.  
§ 1. THe spacious extent of the Art of Physic is by Hypocrates in this aphorism asserted, to exceed the narrow comprehension or capacity of the physical man, in that short interval he commonly abides in this Atmosphere; So that, unless the endeavours and studies of several ages be linked together, it is not to be hoped, that any considerable progress will be made therein, specially, when it must be observed, that the path we now adays wander in, is the old trodden way, and the new one we sometimes light into, (as that of curing Favours, and Agues, with the jesuitical or Devils-Bark) is often attended with a success so different from our expectation. Give me leave therefore, judicious Reader, to pay my Duty to that Profession I have from my younger years been trained up in, by making remarks on some eminent cases in Physic, that within few years have presented, with a sort of modesty and impartiality, that those who are the most Malevolent, and the sole Incorporators of Physic, shall escape the occasion of 〈◊〉 to the World, I have used them rudely or maliciously.  
§ 2. Solomon, the greatest in wisdom, which implies him in all Natural and Supernatural subjects the most knowing, gives us this remark, (Eccles. 2. 3.) There is a time to kill, and a time to heal; which my Mother-wit interprets, That a Physician, at sometimes he kills, and at sometimes he cures. Now, if this Observation doth still continued to square with vulgar Parisian Physicians, (whose education was but mean, though by Association are rendered very significant) I may infer, that the Art of Physic hath not received the lest improvement in the practical part, since the age of that wise King; for even in these days there is a time to kill, and a time to heal; and for this reason suffer me once more to tell you, that (according to my Hippocratical Text, Life is short, but the Art is long) it highly concerns the duty of every honest and conscientious Physician, to contribute to his Faculty what may tend to the promoting and advancement of it; which, in my judgement, can best be performed, by making practical Observations, to the end the time of killing may be avoided. Furthermore, observe, that as Solomon sets down, that there is a time to kill before the time to heal: so generally, Physicians (especially of pretended Societies) kill more than they cure.  
§ 3. It is not with every trivial matter I must trouble your reading, but with what is most remarkable and eminent. Such is the case of Sr.— (Eschevin and Citizen of Paris) a person whose conversation, in his life-time, was so qualified with Virtue, as rendered his actions glorious, especially those that tended so transcendently to Charity and Piety, the marks whereof must survive him in many poor Widows and Orphans. This worthy Citizen was the Patient, which in English signifies Sufferer. His Physicians were many, and those of the first Magnitude; who being all united into one Consult, we may well admire (if great Learning, vast Skill, Gravity, Formality, conceited Caps, Volpony Gowns, Anatomical Theatre, Circulation Library, Coach and Horses, avail any thing) that there should any Disease be so great, or indeed so little, that should not be blown of with such Charms as are marked in their Recipe-scrowls. But you must suspend your curiosity of viewing the Closet of their Arcana's, until you are acquainted with the state of the Sufferer's Distemper, his Constitution, Age, and other circumstances, which you shall read by and by.  
§ 5. In most countries', a Criminal who is to be put to the Rack, or any ways executed, is usually, from his suffering, called the Patient, or Sufferer; and so is the sick man, that is to subject himself to the rigid sentence of some of the combined Physicians; which renders the word Patient or Sufferer truly synonymous to both; For, if it be well considered, a diseased Sufferer, whose quality being conspicuous, must in course be tried by a Consult, or Jury of Physicians: the Quorum whereof consisting of three at lest, the first called performs the Office of an Attorney-General; He, in making of his Process, exhibits his Charge against the Sufferer: declaring, that he hath been very intemperate in eating or drinking, or hath been negligent of his health, in exposing himself to the incertainty of the Air, by leaving of some clothes, (as, a pair of Garters, Cuff-strings) or by some violent motion, passion, or other extravagancy; or hath extremely injured himself, by over-waking, or over-sleeping, or by this, that, or t'other senseless occasional cause, (as he in his wont dialect doth term it) whereby the Sufferer hath now cast himself into a Fever, Dropsy, Consumption, or what other Disease he is (ignorantly enough) pleased to call it; and so, as they would make the world believe, is become felo de se, which is his capital Crime. Upon little or no examination of the Evidence, by this puny Consiglio di sanita, (wherein an Anatomical kill Idol, a Tom Tattle, a Schoolmaster turned Physician, a Western Bumkin, that pretends to Limbo Children in the Smallpox by a new method, or, more especially, a Sir Formal Phlegmatic, must be Chairman,) He is falsely convicted of this, or that Felony on himself; and, most commonly if his Crime or Disease be great, is sentenced to die, and to be executed by tying a Halter about his Arm, and afterwards to be stabbed in it with a Lancet, to draw of so much Blood, until he be Herring-dead. Another way of execution they use, is to impale the Sufferer with a Machine of Box or Ivory, being in nothing different from a Clyster-pipe; and this to be used so often, until it comes out at his mouth: or, if this fails, to order such la Voisine Drenches to be poured down his throat, which may do them the good service to stifle the Sufferer's (aura Vitalis) vital flame in a few days. The Sufferer, since it is for Treason he hath committed against himself, after he is dead, (it's well, if, to make sure work, it is not done before) is to be quartered, (which in their phrase, is called opening the Body,) and his Bowels taken out, under pretence of making inspection what Disease the Sufferer died of; but, in truth, it's more often to be satisfied in the effects of their bleedings, and deleterious Draughts, and which of the Noble Parts were most injured. But, jest you should suspect this Paragraph a Burlesque of Partiality, which re vera is the greatest Truth, it shall be made plain to you from their undue way of Education, and confirmed Ignorance, thus imposing upon the Vulgar, by the strength of a pretended Privilege, and their mutual combination to defraud the unwary of their Lives. I shall leave this subject a while, and proceed on the forementioned Sufferer's Case.  
§ 5. He was surprised on Saturday (preceding the Bills) upon drinking a large draught of bottl'd-Ale, to quench his drought, (which his walking into a sweat in a very hot day had much augmented) with a coldness and shivering, sickness at his Stomach, pain in his Head, and weariness all over his Body, which in some few hours turned into a smart or violent heat, whereunto, upon some interval of time, a moderate Sweat was subsequent. His Urinal did not exceed the colour of Amber, and the Sediment thin and scattered; His Respiration answered his Pulse, which was some what swift, large and high, and not very unequal in motion; His Age was some few years beyond Forty, which, together with the soundness of his Entrails, his carnous, plethoric, hail and vigorous Constitution, seemed strong enough to have struggled with a far greater Disease, than this ordinary Autumnal Distemper.  
It was named by his men of Physic, the new Disease: a name of ignorance, or their accustomed Asylum ignorantiae, to which they take their refuge, when they know not what the Disease is, or what to call it. One time they shall tell you, it is an Ague; another, it is a Favour; a third, it's an Ague and Favour; a fourth, it's Favour and Ague; a fifth, it's the new Disease: a denomination so idle, that every Novice in Physic might well suspect they had never read Hypocrates or Galen; specially, upon observing, that every Autumnal or Epidemic Distemper is by them termed new: whereas, the gentle Pox excepted, there is not any among all those they have nominated new Diseases, but what is amply described in many ancient Authors.  
§ 6. The consequence of mistakes in Diseases is so obvious, even to the most obtuse judgements, that it's received for a mathematical deduction, If the Doctor hath mistaken my Distemper, I am a dead man, or in danger of being so, And rather than the Doctor will espouse his error in that point, or permit another (of more sense or experience) to be called in upon him, whereby his Reputation may in the least punctilio be shocked, or his Fees abated, Thou, and a Thousand more, shall be posted away to the Subterranean Mansions, where all things shall be forgotten, and thy evidence against the said Physician wholly cancelled. Such is the Ignorance, Avarice, and Barbarian perversity of some Physicians, whom Authority and Law do shelter from all manner of Accusations, Scandal, or Reproach.  
The matter of this Paragraph is not so intricate, but you may easily be induced to believe, that where so many Thousands do yield their last Breath to Diseases, in themselves not mortal, it must be imputed to error in judgement of your Physician; which, how frequent that is, an instance or two of some vogued Physicians will tender a satisfaction more ample. It was Dr. B. Pr. of C— (a person sufficiently known) who gave me the recital of this following Case, at the house of Mr. I M. Surg—. A Gentleman, moved through care for the recovery of his (neither sick nor well) Daughter, was l'apsed into that stupidity of sense, as to believe it was in the capacity of Dr.— to restore her: Upon notice given him, he appears at the Bedside of the Sufferer, where feeling her Pulse large and quick, and discerning her Skin sprinkled with a numerous train of read Spots and Blotches, very gravely pronounces his immature deliberation; (viz.) That the Sufferer's Life was in more than ordinary danger, through the almost Pestilential malignity that her great Favour manifested by those read Tokens: Therefore time was to be taken by the foretop, and she immediately to take her recourse to strong Cordials, a great many Bed-cloaths, and a warm Room, to expel the malignity. So imminent a Danger, such great Remedies, offered by so eminent a Physician, (oibo!) could not but be recompensed by a great Fee. The prevalence of these Physickbulls acquired no other repute, than maintaining the Distemper in the same tone and tenor, or rather, adding to it what they most feared: which gave occasion to the solicitous Parent of the tender Matron, upon a fortuitous meeting of Dr. B. (the Relator of these) to exhibit his complaint of the rudeness of the Distemper, and the inefficacy of Medicines. The Doctor, upon a full hearing of the circumstances, found he had no cause for condoling, but rather congratulating him, in the secure estate his Daughter was in; insinuating, that the hazard of the Disease was much lesle, than of the Remedies prescribed by the dictates of a deceived opinion in the first Doctor, of the Disease, and its malignity; the Distemper proving no other than a diaria plurium dierum, or a f●bris Synocha imputris, (commonly so called among practical Authors) occasioned by the ebullition of a plethoric mass of humours, which being by frequent rapid motions and pulsations too much rarified and subtiliated, overflowed the banks of its Vessels, and being diffused into the minute creeks of the ambient Cutis, (or Skin) appeared in the shap●s of the recited Spots and Blotches; deserving no other name than mere efflorescencies of the Skin. In consequence of this Theory, the practic was easily chalked out; (viz.) That the kindling and inflaming Cordial-Spirits were to be abandoned, the great burden of Coverlets taken of, and the temperature of the Air in the Room moderated; the success whereof was manifested in a sudden recovery of her former health, to the great disappointment of so contrary course as was ordered by the other.  
§ 7. It is from hence I can be easily persuaded, that, how great an Idol soever a Fellow is set up by the Vulgar, from the false suggestion of Dog-fleying, he shall never arrive to a sagacity of distinguishing Diseases, unless he hath from the beginning been trained up to it, by the conduct of able Professors at home and abroad, and frequently visited Hospitals in several countries'. Moreover, as in the Art of Writing, Painting▪ or Engraving, the well forming of the first Letters, Lineaments or Figures, prepares an apt disposition in the young Scholar to receive the just impressions of the Habit or Art, whence he shall deservedly be styled a good Writer, Painter, or Engraver: So, unless the intended young Physician shall be endued with an apt disposition; 1. To attain the Languages, that tender the recorded Rules and Theorems of the ancient and modern Physicians intelligible unto him; 2. To be gradually instructed in Philosophy, as well Mechanic as Peripatetic; also, in the several parts of Theoretic Physic; as, in the Nature and Constitution of the Body of Man, where true Anatomy bears so great a part; in the signs, whereby to distinguish the natural and counternatural state of the Body, and to presage the event and issue of the latter; to know the faculties of all sorts of Food, Flesh, Fish, Herbs, Air, Water, Drinks, etc. 3. To have discovered to him the means whereby Diseases, both internal and external, may be removed; and to that purpose, to be acquainted with the faces of Herbs, Drugs, Minerals, Animals, or, summarily, the whole materia Medica; their Choice, Prices, Preparations; likewise, all Chyrurgical Instruments, and their uses; in fine, it's necessary be should be a perfect Theoretic and Practic Apothecary, Chemist, and Chirurgeon: And because he should not want that which puts almost the last hand to tender him a Physician, (all others, tho' they have clambered up to a Degree, are little different from Mountebanks, or Man-slayers) he is to be very well grounded in the true method of Physic, or order of applying proper Remedies, internal and external, to Diseases, in their just time and Doses.  
§ 8. And now, after all this apparatus we will suppose our Infant-Physician so completely dressed up with these fore-noted School and Academic Ornaments, and his mind so gaudily painted and daubed with the ancient, uncertain, and some new tickling notions in Medicine, that you may hear the clapper of his Tongue echo from the East to the West-gate of your Town; Yet, introduce him to a Patient, and grant that he, by appuising or resting his Velvet-Body on his japan Crutch, and fixing his Intellect, by drawing the broad-brimmed Beaver over his eyes, seemeth to mimic a decrepit Gravity, and by that to weigh himself down to the bottom of your Belly, to rummage for the Disease; when he wakes (for he has only been in's dumps) out of this brown study, he shall not more know the Distemper, or the cause of it, (though he hath read it in Authors twenty times) than the Skipper that never was tossed on the Ocean before, pretends to found out Bermudas by his Waggenaer; Nevertheless doth he adventure to call for Paper and Ink, to figure down a Remedy he never saw before, being only acquainted with the bore Name of it. This you are to swallow, and to tender your Body the subject, whereout he is to dig his experience, at the cost of your Health, Life, and Estate. When by his Book-applications he shall thus have brought your crazy Tenement (and, probably, of Hundreds more,) to the ground, the World that consists chief of the Vulgar, will than, from the calculation of his numerous experience, (though never so unfortunate) entitle him a most skilful Doctor, and in flocks voluntarily surrender their Bodies to his torture. Likewise the Rich and Noble, who take the measures of their sentiments of the Physicians capacity from the crowd of his business, (that profession being wholly out of the horizon of their judgement) shall accost him with the same temerity. If unto this you shall add, that he is a great Anatomist (which perhaps appears no other than a Dog-fleyer, or a Calfs-head-Dissector) and that he hath scribbled a Treatise of the Heart, Lungs, Brains, Womb, or some 
* I mean Treatise.  other Entrail, (though of no use) that he is Member of a Herd of learned Q—ks, Renegado-Divines, Schoolmasters, Apothecaries, and Barbers, (a rare hodge-potch of Physicians!) or that he is drawn about streets in his own Coach: these suggestions shall prove a far more alluring bait for the unwary sick people to be caught by.  
§ 9 In conclusion, the forementioned School and Academic Institutes (though absolutely necessary) without which none can arrive to the name of a Dogmatic or Rational Physician; yet thereby is little advanced, beyond the Verge of a speculative man, and so notwithstanding must and doth fill Churchyards the best part of his life-time. Therefore that which is the Soul of a Physician, and animates those praevious Dispositions, (for Theory is no other) is Sagacity and Observation. The former is in a great measure Natural, though improved by Art, and whereby a Physician doth with great facility discover a Disease, its Causes, and proper Remedies. Observation is that, which confirms him in such discoveries, and the election of Method and Remedies, and particularly in his Prognostics. Now, upon application of this Discourse to two or three hundred Physicians, you shall scarce found six, that can justly pretend to the Title of a good Physician, or whose Education doth hardly qualify them to be rendered such. Besides all this, suppose a Physician to be accomplished in all the parts of his Art, if he be covetous, negligent, dishonest, or uncharitable, he is more capable of defrauding you of your Health, Life, and Money, without danger of being discovered, than one that is ignorant, and un-experienced. These considerations do move a pity and compassion towards such, that being Persons of integrity and honesty do fall under the hands of covetous, negligent, dishonest, or uncharitable Physicians; and adding thereunto, that they are insufficiently Educated, ignorant, in-sagacious, and in-expert (as most are) in what a desperate case are their Patients? But the matter is not much; the greater part of humanity (I should say inhumanity) not deserving a good Medicine, Method, or Care of a good Physician.   

CHAP. II.  
Of the specious and false pretences of Anatomical Physicians; also of the Use and Abuse of Anatomy.  
§ 1. OBservation speaks this truth; He that dwelleth a long time upon any particular introductory part of Physic, seldom or never arrives to a considerable proficiency in his Art; so that He that shall (beyond the necessary and competent knowledge in Anatomy, Botany, etc.) Trifle away that season, wherein a young Students intellectuals are in their prime and vigour, upon mangling of Pigs, Cats, Dogs, and Plucks; or upon gazing and muzling seven years upon a Hedge, Ditch, or Banks-side, to inquire for new Faces of Plants and Herbs, which the petulancy of the Earth doth thrust forth, to consume its excrementitious moisture, and sulphurous Sweats, and thereout form such Herbs, which Nature never intended for the health of man, but probably for Garniture of the Fields, or to poison Worms, Moles, Flies, and other Infects, that destroy Corn, Roots, Herbs and such Vegetables, which God hath provided for human use. I say, that neither out of such an Anatomist, or such a Botanist, seldom or never grew a good Physician; not otherwise than one who has amused himself with the Philosophy of Colours, Lights, Optics, Pencils, and Brushes, to an excessive waste of his time, and applieth himself to drawing of Figures, and afterwards to Painting; this Fantastic must necessarily miss his aim of ever being a Painter, or Limner; because the time, wherein his parts were most capable of improvement, was neglected, and diverted by a curiosity of attaining a knowledge, beyond what was necessary for his Art.  
§ 2. But to speak in terms more plain; the necessary point of Anatomy consists chief in the temperament, Figure, Situation, connexion, action, and use of the parts; and not in superfluous, incertain, and probably false, and indemonstrable niceties, practised by those, that flay Dogs and Cats, dry, roast, bake, parboil, steep in Vinegar, Limewater, or aqua fortis, Livers, Lungs, Kidneys, Calves brains, or any other entrail, and afterwards gaze on little particles of them through a Microscope, and whatever false appearances are glanced into their eyes, these to obtrude to the World in Print, to no other end, than to beget a belief in people, that they who have so profoundly dived into the bottomless pores of the parts, must undeniably be skilled in curing their distempers: whereas those pretended Anatomical Physicians, who have so belaboured, and tortured the particular parts, are generally the lest knowing in the whole body of Anatomy; and the Situation, Connexion, and Action of the parts. On the other hand, there is scarce any Physician, who hath had a due education beyond Sea, but is abundantly more knowing (even beyond what is necessary) in the Anatomy of all the parts of the body of man, than any of these particular pretenders.  
§ 3. I would inquire, what doth it signify to assert, that all Muscles have two bellies, or are biventered? Which is false, and the erroneous appearance proceeded, either from overboiling the Dog's Muscles (and than many more Bellies might have appeared) or was occasioned by dissecting an old withered Cur, whose Muscles are generally full of wrinkles, which might have been taken for so many ventures of Muscles by such an Anatomist.  
And what doth it import, to lay claim to the invention of Transfusion of Sheep's blood into the Veins of a Man (though discovered long before) or to measure what proportion of blood passed the Heart in a quarter of an hour? Which computation must likewise prove false, in regard the blood doth not always pass equally, and some men abound ●n blood much more than others.  
My opinion is, that the Studying the Anatomy of all the parts of the body, as much as is necessary, the being well grounded in the Institutes of Physic, Surgery, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, and the frequenting Hospitals abroad under the conduct of experienced Professors, to manuduct him as it were into Practice; this I say, would have been a way much more honest, and ingenuous, than by a specious pretence in Anatomy, (being very deficient in the other parts of Physic) to ensnare and decoy the unwary vulgar, and others, to defraud them of their money, and too often through unskilfulness to ruin their Health, destroy their bodies, and at last whirl'em out of their lives. And yet to my great amazement, with satisfaction to their Friends and Visiters, imagining that their death was inevitable, since the Anatomical Doctor was here concerned, (though) if at the same time, a real accomplished Physician had procured their Recovery, it would have been judged a Distemper easily curable; so that you may hereby discern, some Physicians get a greater reputation by killing, than others by curing. But this shall be evidently proved to you, in the progress of this discourse, where I shall particularly instance the dangerous and unwarrantable methods of Physic now in use.   

CHAP. III.  
Of the fraudulent pretext of Anatomy by a most unskilful Surgeon, obtruded to the vulgar. Barbarous practice and errors in Surgery.  
§ 1. ANd since the knack has proved so successful to these Trap Physicians, or Pseudomedici, some Surgeons have taken the scent, and fallen into the same path, of which Herd, one who keeps his abode at a City called Paris, finding himself ranked in the Rear among the meanest of his faculty (and that deservedly, as deriving his chief Talon only from a Cubb in a Spittle, and not from Practice in Campanes or Naval services, as he aught to have done) by proclaiming himself in all Companies an Anatomist of Rats, Mice, Dogs, and Cats, insinuated into the fancies of the senseless Rabble this erroneous consequence, that he can best dress wounds, set bones, take of Legs, cure Claps, and cut the Stone, than knows the Fabric of the Joints, Situation of the Entrails, and the ramifications of the Nerves, Arteries and Veins, so that now he is advanced to be the Bell-wether, I should have said, carries the Bell before all the Fraternity; among whom a man must look with a Candle and Lantern to found one more ignorant and lesle skilful; for sure I am, there is not a Hangman in Foreign parts, but knows the structure of the Joints as perfectly as the Gallows; there is scarce a Butcher that deals in Hogs-flesh, but is most exquisite in the Situation of the Entrails; and for the Figure and position of the Muscles, and the dissemination of the Veins and Arteries, Painters are excellently skilled in; now must it needs follow among these three Anatomists, that the Hangman is the best Bonesetter, the Butcher the best Wound-healer, and the Painter the best bleeder, and opener of Imposthumes?  
§ 2. But since the Parisian vulgar from such erroneous premises draws so false a conclusion, I do pretend to conduct them into a better sort of reasoning, thereby to divert them from following a Bell-wether Surgeon to his Slaughter house.  
Anatomy is not further necessary to a Surgeon, than the knowledge of the nature of wood to a Carpenter, or of Stone to a Stone-cutter; Therefore the Situation and Figure of the Bowels, the ramification of the Vessels, and the position of the Muscules, being well understood by a Surgeon, is of absolute necessity, and what further progress he is pleased to make in that science, as it is to him ornamental only, so it cuts of from that time, which aught to be employed; 1. In knowing the Nature, Kind's, Causes and Signs of Wounds, Ulcers, Tumours, Imposthumes, Fractures, Dislocations. etc. And 2. In reading the Practical Observations of the most Famed Surgeons, as those of Fabritius Hildanus, Felix Wurtz, Soultetus, and many others. 3. In knowing all or most Chyrurgical Instruments, and their uses, the numerous sorts of Bandages, Oils, Unguents, Plasters, Cataplasms, the various dress, etc. 4. And chief, in habituating himself to a dexterity in making use of all the most necessary Chyrurgical Instruments, in the application of all external Medicines, Bandages, and Dress, and in the reposing of Fractures, and Dislocations; and from this Fourth partiticular (intimating all the kinds of Manual Operations in reference to the external Diseases of Man) it is the name of a Chirurgeon (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or manual operation) is properly derived, being the very summary of Chirurgery, and whence he doth principally entitle himself to his profession. To this last he is to arrive, by the instruction and example of his own, and several other good Masters; by serving in several Hospitals at home and abroad, where the rarest of cases may occur; and by his own practice in Armies, or Fleets at Sea. And after all, this cannot be attained without a natural Sagacity in his mind, and an aptness and natural disposition in his Hands. How few good Surgeons there are to be found, may easily be judged by what is premised; yet it is very probable, there are more in England, than elsewhere.  
§ 3. I have here laid down a measure, by which we may soon fathom this Bell-wether, and where in the conclusion he will scarce appear to be so much as the half quarter of a Surgeon; so that this Anatomical device can be termed nothing but decoy, Fraud, or cheat upon the deceptile vulgus: Who possibly may reply, Volenti non fit injuria; whereunto must be rejoined, decipiatur ergo vulgus.  
§ 4. He that could never arrive to so much dexterity of hand, to manage a Lancet, or to a proportion of Judgement to direct him, how deep and how long the Orifice is to be in the opening a Vein, can never by men of sense be determined fit to use the Knife in cutting the Stone, amputating of Members, opening Impost humes in difficult places, and in performing many other subtler operations; certainly such a one, who hath so often failed in a piece of the little Surgery, as Phlebotomy, practised with success by every Barber's Boy, and Surgery-woman, cannot pretend so much to the name of a Manual Operator, as a Farrier, a Cowleech, or a Sowgelder.  
§ 5. To say such a man is a very good Surgeon, but he cannot bleed well, is as much nonsense, as to tell me, such a one is a very good Painter but draws his strokes crooked; and indeed there be many crooked arms to be seen at this day, that were occasioned by an ill stroke of this Bell-wether Lancet; among the rest that were hushed and stifled, two instances could not be kept from the ears and eyes of the public; the one was a largely Tumefied Arm of a Gentleman of the Law, accompanied with inexpressible pain, Fever, upon this several Imposthumations, a Gangrene, and Putrid sordid Ulcers, which required deep Scarifications, Cutting, Slashing, besides a vast expense of money distributed among those, that were called in as Assistants: the torture endured for three or four months, and a serious debate at last about cutting of his Arm; and all this occasioned by the unskilful puncturing the Median Vein, together with the Tendon of the Biceps Muscul near it; which error he would not have escaped, had he used the ridiculous bluntsided Lancet of an Anatomical Doctor, unless the point had been blunt likewise; and than how it is to be used, I know not. Sit ut sit; The Ulcers were incarned, and cicatriz'd at last, but not without leaving so ill an impression, and so great weakness on the Bowels, by gleets sucked into the circulating mass, that in some time after they were incapable of resisting a small Fever, that gave him a traverse into the other Hemisphere; but it was after a year and a day. However that expression might very well have been forborn, since there appeared no premeditated malice in the Surgeon, unless you will suppose malice in prae-designing getting of money, by the cure of the former: or in another case, by a forcible persuasion of a Patient to be cut of the Stone, on purpose for the gaining of twenty Pistols or Guineas. The Operation was performed upon the Staff, (that is, with the Apparatus major) the Knife forced into the membranous part of the Bladder, too high by an inch, the lower part, (which is interspersed with carnous Fibres, being the proper place;) but no Stone was to be found in this Quarry; however a Gangrene survenes upon the wound, and the party was bubbled out of his Life. The Carcase being opened, a Callosity was discovered near the Sphincter, where the Catheter commonly stopped, which was one imaginary sign of the Stone, and the other a difficulty, and a partial suppression of Urinal upon a violent Cold, throwing Humours to the Bladder, too much weakened by frequent hurts, received from being Probed by the Catheter, whence also the callosity proceeded. This Narrative to me savours of ignorance in the Speculative, unskilfulness in the Practic, and Avarice in the Mind, (viz.) of adding twenty Pistols to his Patrimony; which is Vivitur Ingenio.  
§ 6. It was not a mischance, which is merely fortuitous and extraordinary, but a continuation of his unskilfulness, that attended the dismal and barbarous Lithotomy, or cutting the Stone on a Child of the Steward belonging to the Duke of— who within few days with miserable out-cries and tortures left this World, without leaving any visible cause in his Bladder, for which he was thus mangled; however here was another addition of twenty Pistols more. Abundance of these examples can be produced; but what is this to the stabbing the Knife into the Perinaeon, and wholly missing the Bladder, and than by repeating his stroke once or twice, to 'cause a mortal wound?  
§ 7. Can it be termed any thing but the most Butcherly unskilfulness, to cut a young Nobleman, and that (if I am not misinformed, therefore will not be positive) upon the gripe too, and leave an Ulcer, that turned into a Fistuld, whence to this hour a constant dribbling doth follow him?  
§ 8. Another part of this Operation is the extracting the Stone, wherein his error is as obvious, breaking the Stone in the Bladder, lacerating those tender membranous parts in the extraction, and leaving pieces behind, whence the pains have afterwards accrued greater than before, the Stone being become angular, and in a short interval augmented to its former bigness.  
The total is, that I cannot observe, but four in five do miscarry, and sometimes the whole number.  
§ 9 The Venereal practice is another considerable branch of his Chyrurgical exercise, where if we tract him, we shall found a great number of Gentlemen, bestowing curses upon him, for running them into the Pox, from very insignificant Gonorrhea's, Buboes, and Shankers.  
§ 10. The most manifest error in the lest of these accidents (though the consequence is no lesle than a tedious long Cure, a Fistula, Pox, or too often loss of life) is committed in his opening a Veneral Bubo, when the one part is scarce soft, and suppurated, and the other hard and in digested; the reason is obious, and contained in this Maxim, Pus generat Pus, Matter begets Matter. Like unto an Apple, that's partly rotten, where, if the rotten is suffered to continued, in a short time converts the whole Apple into a rotten substance; but being separated, the remainder is much longer rotting: And by the same reason, or maxim above mentioned, it appears, that a Cataplasm of rotten Apples mixed with boiled Onions, is a very excellent suppurative.  
§ 11. This is not all, the Orifice he made so large, that it extended from one side of the Bubo, to the other, giving the Tailor's reason for it, that he loved to see his work before him. But what follows? The cold nitrous Air entering, hardeneth the remaining immaturated part like to a Stone, putrefieth the soft moist substance of the Glanduls underneath, besides their being the Sink of the Bowels, and consequently subject to receive the putrid noxious humours, that are thrown down from them, no part of the body being more tender, and apt to putrefy than Glanduls. Of necessity this Ulcer was to be kept open, until the forementioned hardness was converted into Matter, whilst in the interim, Cataracts of Humours were thrown down, by which turning into a corrupt matter, and Sordes, all the tender flesh was devoured, the little white Vessels of the Glanduls corroded, and the great Veins exposed to view; which must prove very dangerous. In fine, in spite of all Purges, Vomits, Salivations, and other Revulsions, three quarters of a year scarce accomplished a cicatrisation, without leaving a Fistula, and a continual gleet. This and many more which I have seen, might in four days, or somewhat longer, after a complete suppuration, have been brought to a safe and sound cicatrize. But than our Anatomical Spark would have failed an opportunity, of amplifying his Stock with Thirty or Forty Pistols or Guineas.  
§ 12. The Objection is futil, implying in the case forementioned, that where Matter is locked up, it makes Caverns, Sinus, and Fistula's; For as Nature is most potent inwards, so likewise is intent upon her own Preservation, the thicker part of the Matter being better digested, consequently milder, lesle corosive, and glutinous or slimy, she converts into a membranous substance, by the heat which is most vigorous within next the flesh, to defend it; and the thinner part that is corroding, a crimonious and ichorous, she protrudes towards the ambient skin, where through its putrid acid Salts it gradually corrodes, and perforates the skin. Hence you may furnish yourself with the true reason, why most external tumors, when turned into Imposthumes, most commonly break outwardly, and not one in a Million inwardly.  
§ 13. To give you a further instance of Nature's self preservation. Suppose some excrementitious humours (almost homogeneous) collected in the breast, in a short time by its heat drieth the circumference of those humours, into a Coat, or Tunic, (which among Surgeons is called a Cystis) to preserve other parts from further annoyance. Now the foresaid humours cannot be converted into Matter, because they are in a manner homogenous, and so Nature secures them from doing any further hurt, by locking them up in a Cystis: Thus a Steatoma, Meliceris, and Atheroma, are engendered.  
§ 14. True it is, where the Air entering in at the Orifice of an Imposthume, or hollow Ulcer, shall have putrefyed or corrupted the appelling humours in the most remote part of the said Ulcer, or Imposthume, into an acrimonious and corroding Pus, by keeping it open too long, or by applying Medicines, that are ineffectual, contrary, or putrefying and unctuous, or by negligence in dressing, or by unskilfulness in compresses and bandage, there it's absolutely requisite, the Orifice should be enlarged, or another made, that's near the cavern, where Matter may lurk, to the end that the said Matter may be deterged, and the vitiated temperament of that part corrected; unless he is skilled in Injections, that are proper, or other Medicines, whose steem may reach, and penetrate to the most retired and abscond cunicle of an Ulcer; for such Medicines there are.  
Another Observation of great importance is, that all Ulcers near Glanduls, by being kept open too long, turn Cancerous, and ofttimes incurable.  
Tumours collected in a cold part, as suppose about the Tonsils, or any other Glanduls, and tending to suppuration, if opened never so little too early, though they seem sufficiently absterged, and afterwards consolidated, yet they are very apt to be recollected, and appear again about the same season the year following, and this for several years successively; because there was some small part of the humour left indigested, and hardened (by the nitrous Air entering at the Orifice) which afterwards doth become a Seminary, or Ferment (as others will have it) by length of time converting the appelling humours into its own Nature, whereby at last a new Tumour is engendered: Therefore except some great urgency (as suffocation) doth indicate apertion by puncture, or incision, it's much more advisable, to give Nature her own time in breaking the said Imposthume, there being no fear, that by such delay any Cuniculi or caverns will be made, the reason whereof I have already given you in the foregoing Paragraphs.  
§ 15. As I ushered in this discourse with an animadversion of an error in the little Surgery, viz. Phlebotomy, so I shall conclude it with another of the same kind, acted by the Idem Operator, who being sent for to a Gentleman of Quality, of the T— to open a Vein, pierced his Tool so deep, that the Neighbouring Tendon received a considerable puncture, which caused it immediately to contract itself into the hardness and unevenness of a Cord, attended with a most unquiet jactitating Fever, and a pain almost impatible. I being called to advice, what was to be done in this Tragical case, was not of opinion, that as the Wound made by a Scorpion was to be remedied by applying the same Scorpion to it, so the same Surgeon aught to be continued to heal his own Wounds; But another whose knowledge and skill were sufficiently known to me, was to be employed, to whom I recommended what external Medicines his Pledgets were to be armed with, and what Emplaster to be super-imposed, leaving the application and Bandage to himself, by which means the Patients Arm was perfectly cured in Six or Eight days.  
§ 16. The occasion of this untoward bleeding, was the distorting of the Vein by the Bandage towards the Tendon, so that they lay as it were Perpendicular; whereas had the Vein here by the Ligature been drawn a little from the Tendon, a Blind man could not have acted the lest mischief. Now I hope you are convinced, that a pretence to Anatomy is a mere Decoy, Trap, Delusion, and Imposture, I shall supersede that Argument, and before I return to the place where I deviated, I will only take of the amaze, why I should fetch a pretending Anatomical Surgeon from Paris hither, and thus descant upon him, to whose Face and Speech I am wholly a Stranger, though not to his ill success, and male Practice; all which I do frankly tell you, proceeds only from an innate principle of discovering Fallacies and Deceits put upon the vulgar, that have no rule or measure to distinguish a Meteor in Physic or Chirurgery from such, that without mutuating from others, are endued with all the necessary accoutrements of Learning and Experience, that are required in an Artist.   

CHAP. IU.  
Of Subtleties used by those of the Conclave, to promote their Interest.  
§ 1. SOme Physicasters' by reputing themselves Virtuoso's, Mathematicians, Philosophers, and witty Cracks, have insinuated this Enthymeme to the Commonalty, that therefore they must necessarily arrive to the top of their profession; for since their porous Brain was capable to imbibe such knotty Mysteries, it's not improbable, they might much easier suck up the quintessence of the Art of Medicine. To this Category belonged that famed Doctor of Norw. who being Posted away from his House with a Coach and Four to a Sick Gentleman in the Country, an unhappy gaudy Butterfly thwarted the Coach, upon which a halt was made, and the Doctor with the assistance of the Coach-driver, hunted so long, until they had him under the broad brimmed Beaver. Here an harangue was to be made to his conducting Auditor upon the admirable Structure, Shape, Organs, and colours of the Butterfly, particularly upon the transparent yellow, of which colour a Cap would better have fitted him than the black Velvet one. The Butterfly being caged up in a Box, and reserved to a further consideration, the Journey was pursued, at the end whereof the Doctor found the Patient just expired of a Syncopal-fit, and the new Widow accosting him with the information, That her dear Husband had passed through many of them by the help of a Cordial, and so probably might this, had she not, wretched Creature as she was! expected his coming to prescribe another. But whether the Doctor, besides, the Reprimend, and the want of his Sostrum, had the Justice done him, to be sent home on foot, I know not.  
§ 2. But the industrious Craft most in use among the Pedantry of Physicians, is the sending forth of Emissaries, that are in acquaintance with any of Note, whose misfortune it is to lie under a main course prescribed by others. To these is to be intimated that such a Doctor (meaning him from whom they have their Credentials) hath in a very short interval cured such and such of the same Distemper; and argumentum ad hominem to the Patient, who thereupon with much impatience expects the new Doctor, by whom several sly Items are given of mistakes committed by his former Physick-man. Now the new Broom is to sweep clean those chinks and corners, which the other never took notice of; and therefore, upon revolving in mind, what hath been hitherto exhibited by his Predecessor without effect, concludes, that remedies contrary to the former must necessarily operate some alteration or other, and that sometimes with success. A sort of argumentation that carries subtlety in it. There is now nothing remaining but the charming the Patient's sancy to a firm belief and confidence of the intended great work, in these terms; Sir, were I to take a Lease of an Estate upon Your Life, I would proceed so and so, and I should not question the enjoying it, to the full satisfaction of my purchase. What Answer can this pithy Oration merit lesle from the Patient, than Good Mr. Doctor, I am sensible I have been abused too much by some, and have suffered both in Body and Purse; but now I am resolved to put myself wholly into your hands, and follow your Rules strictly: Do with me what you please, and pray accept of this small Fee, (viz. Five Pistols.) All this while here is 〈◊〉 a syllable of God's assistance, 〈◊〉 by Doctor or Patient.  
§ 3. An authentic Copy of a transaction of this nature we had four or five years since, in the sickness of a chief Magistrate of Paris, languishing under a slow Fever, (Febris lenta) arising from a Scorbutic Dyscrasy of the Blood, and hypochondriack Obstructions, whence proceeded his frequent sour Belchings and Vomiting. lesser than four or five first rate Physicians could not be thought proportionable to answer the quality of his Person, or the danger of his Disease. In this Consult the Senior was the Demiculverin, that made most noise, and according to whose pricked Song the rest were to tune their Fiddles, that being no other than the common Method of consultion. Aqua Epidemica, Poeoniae Composita, Spir. Cornu Cervi, and Salis Armoniaci, being somewhat allayed with Simple Waters, and sweetened with Syrup of Gillyflowers, were in this Council determined Salutiferous, and to be repeated for two months, sometimes interjecting a Milk-Clyster, and a Diascordium Bolus, not forgetting the Pearl-Cordial. The Sufferer they found gave good Milk, and therefore these Heroes failed not coming for their Cream morning and evening. The Patient now grown dubious to what shore his Argonautae designed him, did readily bend his ear to a she-visiter, that displayed the colours most admirably in favour of a Quidam Doctor, that cured most desperate Diseases by method and Remedies contrary to the opinion of all others. Dictum factum, a Coach brings him immediately, who (by the confederacy of the Female Legate) could, upon examining his Urine and Pulse, at sight give him a scheme of all his Pains, Symptoms, and Distempers, even to the surprise of the wealth Signior. The Remedies which were too much in vogue among the Gang of Physicians, he knew full well, could be no other than hot burning Cordials, such as plague-Water, Spirit of Hartshorn, and that choking, stinking Spirit of Piss. These had inflamed and sharpened his Blood, tumbled and ruffled his Spirits, and nourished his Distemper; But be assured Sir, I will cure you in as short a time, as I did Mr. such, and such, who had been ill handled in the same Distemper; Therefore draw back your Curtains, throw of the Blanckets, and set open the Windows, you want Air, you are stifled; clear the Table of all those Viols and Galley-pots; your Blood needs Ventilation, Contemperation, and Dulcification; your Spirits must be quieted, smoothed, and allayed. Here observe, the course is steered diametrically contrary, heating Medicines are to be changed for coolers, Alcalies for Acides, and exalters of the Sulphur of the Blood for Narcoticks  
Instead of those fiery Comforters, I do recommend Pippin or a Lemon-Posset, and a delicious Tincture of Roses; take sometimes a draught of the one, and sometimes of the other; every second night drink two or three Spoonfuls of this appeasing Cordial upon going to Bed, it will compose you to rest, and alloy the tumult of your Spirits. The issue proved successful. His Vomiting was repelled, his drought extinguished, appetite restored, and strength so recovered, that in a Fortnight the dying Testator was congratulated in the Streets by those, that accidently met him, of his wondered retrieve out of the Jaws of Orcus. But it's to be remarqued, that this course was first intimated by one Major W. and privately carried to the Dr. who did not want craft to make it his own, and by some sly alteration wholly appropriate it to his particular invention, which occasioned the old Gentleman to deify him in his Calendar, and not only forced him upon all his sick acquaintance, but would sand some one or other of his Domestics to any afflicted with Distempers, where he conceived the Authority of his name might prevail, though too many never survived the appointed minute, to tender his Worship their due acknowledgement for his over-officious care. So that it's evident, that the rule of contraries in his case was only fortuitous and empirical to his Medico, which without all peradventure to a good Physician would have been of choice and rational election; though such a transition, as it is rarely to be used, so a more than ordinary caution and prudence is to be observed by such, that shall have occasion to imitate it.  
§ 4. Those, who shall have listed themselves in the service of the great God, and by assuming Orders, distinguish themselves from the Laity, exercising that most honourable Function, by Praying, Preaching, and their exemplary Life, and Conversation, to the glory of their great Master, and the saving of Souls from perdition; Those I say, that shall do this only for a time, until they have subdud the Hearts and Inclinations of all, or most of their Parishioners to their own Service and Devotion than out of I know not what pretended scrupie of Conscience, shall out of avarice prove Renegadoes (Scelus horrendum!) from the Divine Ministry to the exercise of Physic, in expectation of having all their Auditors to be their Patients, are of all mankind to be abominated, as being wholly incapable to arrive to the lest competency in that Art, where so long Study and Experience are required. And certainly those that make use of such a Renegado Physician, upon a sentiment, that God Almighty will give a peculiar Blessing to the endeavours of his quondam Servant, who in reality appears to be a mere Atheist, make a false conclusion, since Divine Justice cannot be supposed, to return any other than malediction, and confusion upon the undertake of all such, that shall exchange his Eternal Celestial Reward for a Transitory Worldly Salary.  
§ 5. If you look for a plain demonstration of the preceding Paragraph, behold here is one out of many. A Renegade Physician in the Patrowl of his officious Visits, drops into the House of a noted Painter, who upon the usual Compliment of, how does your Husband? was thankfully answered by the Wife, he had been attacked by an Ague, but at present his Fits were so much abated by the benefit of Nature, (a gentle looseness of three or four Stools a day, carrying of the humour as she thought,) that they were scarce perceptible. Here in the declination of the Disease, thought the Renegade, was an opportunity of getting Reputation, and therefore in imitation of the Serpent, tertia Genesis, seduces the woman into the opinion, that the Ague-fits would soon reassume their former vigour, unless some proper Remedy was taken, wholly to extirpate them, and that such a Secret he was Master of, which in the time of a Hixius Doxius, did infallibly cure all intermittent Fevers. These words falling with such a zeal from the sergeant holyman, induced the woman (on whom as on all others, the Imperative Mood doth devolve, during the Inter-regnum of the Husband's sickness) to use her coercive power upon her sick Painter, who must and should take, whatever he prescribed. Six Doses of the jesuits Powder form into Pills, were marked down to be swallowed, Eight Pellets every four hours. The second exhibition dammed up his Looseness, and consequently the Fits were raised to a higher pitch than ever. Notwithstanding the remaining Doses were advised with a continuando, which stopping all the avenues of Nature, and forcing those excrementitious humours, that Nature before had separated, and thrown to the Guts, into the great Vessels, the intermittent was now turned into a continual Fever, attended with a great drought, black Tongue, delirium, low Pulse, etc. This boisterous Hurricane threatening nothing but Shipwreck of the Decumbents life, and the Reputation of the Revolted Divine: to save the latter, he calls in the great Warden of the Faculty, who to recompense the courtesy the Renegade had done him, in giving him the occasion of getting a Pistol-Fee, could do not lesle, than on the spot immediately to naturalise his spurious Practice into Legitimate, by declaring, that what had been directed by that worthy Physician, nothing could be better, nothing more proper. Now the Physic Doctor having received Pardon and Absolution from the Papa Medicorum, both agreed in a consult to give the Patiented the last Unction by their joynt-prescription of Cordials, and the Diasinapios' gargoyle; (by this you know who was Pope) to disimbogue his Throat, that was crammed up with tough viscous humours, forced up by the Panacaean Bark; though with a non obstante, in two or three days the sufferer bids 'em both Buenas noches. This was a Scene so Tragical, that the poor Painter never yet had expressed upon Canvas, and lesle dreamed, he should have been the principal Actor on the Physician's Theatre.  
§ 6. Can it be imagined, that one who had for several years mounted the Pulpit, should to increase his Fame in Physic, be guilty of so palpable an Imposture, as to assert publicly, that by giving six grains of Salt of Amber, he had caused a Dropsical Patient to piss the measure of a Kilderkin? In short, libera nos from those, that practice Physic in Nomine Domini.   

CHAP. V  
Of false Methods of Physic in malign Fevers, great and Small Pox.  
§ 1. THe Answer Capivac made to his Polonian Scholar, demanding his secrets in Physic, that he should read his Method, and than he would have his secrets, is by many a Drone drawn into such consequence, that he conceives himself abundantly Doctorated, when he shall have muzzled some few months in the Institutes of Physic, wherein the Methodus Medendi is that part, which puffs him up, and makes his finger's itch to be doing with the unfortunate Sick, that shall become his first Patients. As than, so ever after he is strongly opinionated, that the Method of applying those inconsiderable stumps of Medicines and Remedies, deciphered in his Fernelius or Sennertus, is the Crown of the work, which must, and will advance him to be the Archiater of the Town. It is in this, that one Fool doth value himself above the other, because his Method is different, and consequently in his opiniatreness better. Hereof I will give you a taste, that must necessarily dis●relish all ingenious Palates. The received Method of courting continual putrid Fevers, which pleads an antiquity of above two thousand years, was not long since not so little scorned by a Physician of the faculty, as his newly invented one much extolled, and the imitation recommended to all others, though by me not lesle admired, for not killing the Patient, being attended with a continual Fever in the third climacterick of his age, whose symptoms, as a Delirium, very black Tongue, insatiable drought, and broiling heat, spoke it sufficiently malignant. The Morning after bleeding, our Parisian Doctor empties him with a Purge of Decoct. senae. Ger. and Man. Next day after his Devotion at Mass, upon his visit finding him worse, interpreted by him to hap, because he was not sufficiently emptied, immediately caused him to swallow the same Potion with an addition; Still worse and worse, notwithstanding repeats the same Purgative six or eight Mornings successively; All his Symptoms persisted in the same tenure of Malignity, until the Dr. had given over Purging, and than much ado abated, and at last the Sufferer recovered.  
§ 2. The Moral this Methodist abstracts from the preceding management, was, that Quotidian Purges are adequate Remedies of malignant continual Fevers; though by me contrariwise constructed, viz. That those daily evacuations raised the ebullition of the Blood, hindered the digestion of humours, prevented the transpiration of the fuliginous malignant Salts through the Pores, enraged the vital and animal Spirits, and were the sole cause that obstructed the Cure: a tendency whereunto did not appear before the Alexandrian Garthartick was omitted. This young man had more than Hercules in his Nature, that could at once thus struggle with two enemies, the Fever, and those Purges; and if any thing is properly termed a Physicians trying of Skill, Experiments, tricks, or Impune ludere de corio humano, this was. And if this be Methodus medendi, I desire to know of Mr. Dr. what is the Methodus occidendi? However not to rob him of the honour of the first Inventor, I must do him Justice, in Recording, that it was he, who was first Author of exhibiting Mercury in the Morning, and Diacodium at Night against Hysterick vapours; which Method did more than answer his expectation, by raising a Salivation several days after.  
§ 3. But I would have this Noble Doctor not be so arrogant, as to engross all new Methods to himself, since there are others of his Brethrens of the faculty of Paris, who make much more noise than himself, particularly the Doctor of Contraries, who with Opium and jesuits-powder shall make more various sorts of passes at Diseases, than ever any Roman Gladiator with his Weapon; and these shall be hits, and do execution. As for instance, if the Doctor is applied unto, for his assistance against a continual Fever, according to his last good or ill success in the like case, giveth his direction for bleeding, or omits it; than with an unparalleled assurance makes at the Distemper with an ample Dose of the jesuits-powder, pursuing this fierce onset with a fresh supply of the same Bark every fourth hour; And finding the fiery adversary provoked, produces his other Champion (Opium) to encounter him: so between these two Bravoes, frail Nature doth too often lie down, and yield, and the Patient is brought to his ultimum vale.  
§ 4. The Small Pox, (a Distemper so unaccountable to most Physicians, and therefore Empirically treated, whence Nurses do equally vie with their Worships in the Cure) is by this Generalissimo (contrary to all sense and experience) countermined with Spirit of Vitriol and Opium, by which beyond all others he is infallible in procuring an Euthanasia. Good God, how the Universities do rob the Plough! But a propos, let me make an offer to this grand Minister of Medicine, if his humour holds of making purchases upon the lives of his Patients, I will bona fide for one years' purchase, cell him Annuities upon the lives of all (or none; for some Natures are so robust, that nothing can subdue, and therefore some few may escape) he shall treat with the Bark and Opium in continual Fevers, and with Spirit of Vitriol and Laudanum liquidum in the Small Pox.  
§ 5. Ships cannot be steered so many various and contrary courses by one Wind, as Physicians tumble and toss the same Diseases by this single part of Medicine, called Method. So here we have another of a bouncing Fame, that ordered cooling Juleps for a young Lady his very near Neighbour, until the Small Pox budded forth, than bleeds her the day before she expired, and commands to be given 60 drops of Spirits of Hartshorn, one hour, and sixty drops of Spirits of Sal Armoniac the other hour, and so de hora in horam to be continued in a few spoonfuls of a very brisk Cordial. This Method was persisted in, until she died with some of the Cordial in her Mouth. In case of this Nature, I should prefer the counsel of Celsus, That it is better to let a Patient die, than to kill him.  
§ 6. The attendant that exhibited the Drops, gave me this account, and probably to make the number of Drops seem more prodigious, might express ten or twelve Drops in a Dose more than what was given; however, it was a vast quantity. And the Catholic Apothecary, to hush the matter, kept the Receipts so close, that a view could not be purchased at any rate. The bleeding I presume was advised to stop the Haemorrhage at the Nose, and so two Taps set running at once, must soon exhausted the tender Cask.  
§ 7. It was an undaunted boldness of Method, that lately inspired another Physic Doctor, to give his Patient three or four Gobbets a day, each mixed with Sixty, sometimes Seventy, sometimes Eighty, and sometimes Ninety Grains of Mercury Sublimate dulcis, and these reiterated, until eight or nine Ounces of Mercury was swallowed. It's remarkable, that here was an half ounce, five, and six Drams, that is three hundred and sixty Grains of Mercury Sublimate Dulcifyed, or prepared Quicksilver, taken each four and twenty hours.  
But I believe, your ears itch to hear, for what it was the Sufferer was condemned to this Penance, and what became of him, being thus tortured by the Physic Inquisition. His crime was getting a small Shanker, which a Surgeon's Boy had unskilfully cicatrized, without Purging him more than once or twice. Four or five months were scarce elapsed, but the malignity is mounted up Stairs, and daubs his eyebrows, and hairy scalp with crusty Scabs, being coverlids to little Ulcers underneath them; a while after the sinful Distemper takes a career downwards, and there on the lower part of the tibia, intrenches within a circumvallation lesle than a Crown-piece, mining into the Bone night and day, and causing a most exquisite pain, especially nocturnal; than a Coach-keeping Apothecary takes him to task, and with Pill and Diet continued for a month or six weeks, removes all but the shin-pain, where I should have told you, a Node was risen. After this, the Coach-keeper delivers the Patient up into the hands of the fore mentioned Dottissimo & Expertissimo medico delli incurabili, who leads him a dance of Mercury. What new steps and Coupees the Doctor made in this Courant laverole, I have already given you a Breviate. Nothing remains, but to acquaint you with the intended burden of the Song, and that was by raising a Salivation, to cast out the Beelz-bub. Know therefore, that the Mercury did not come out at his Bunghole, for he seldom had more than one natural Stool, as they call it, and some days had none; neither did the Patiented salivate. If you inquire than, what became of the Mercury, the Doctor tells you, it made its exit per poros cutis; this is quasi vero indeed. The truth is, he did not salivate a salivable Lympha, as most do, but instead thereof he he voided a pint, and a pint and half a day of coagulated or clouted blood, and sometimes long stinking ragged ropes of sincere Blood; but as I said before, not Lymph, either thin, slimy, or ropy, so that a Gallon and half, or two Gallons of Blood was forced out of his Throat, and his Jaws. The Surgeon who understood the affair much better, and in my opinion may deservedly be ranked among the most expert and knowing of this a●e steps in between, and very modestly offers himself a Mediator between the Doctor and Patient, and by undeniable arguments reduces the Doctor to reason, and thereby to a Truce; of which the chief Article was, that for the space of a month or six weeks he would desist all acts of hostility, and for that time leave of his Mercurial Bombs. In the Interim, the Sufferer was to gather his forces out of a nourishing Diet, and than by mutual agreement the War was to commence again; But so it happened, that I was consulted before the expiration of the term limited, and upon a full rehearsal of all transactions, I found that the Coac-hkeeper had pushed on the point so far, that here was no Salivation necessary; which had it been continued ad infinitum, could never have scaled or scraped the Shinbone, and therefore a Caustick was agreed to be applied, to arrive to the intention just before mentioned, and a Compound Sarsa Drink prescribed to be mixed with equal parts of boiled Milk, to drink thrice a day, Horis Medicis. Brevity obliges me, not to tell you, how this Salivation, (had it been requisite) was to have been managed with lesle, than the twentieth part of Dulcis. This is not all, here is a sceleton indeed survived the Mercurial Wars, and I must allow, that so great an impression and weakness is left upon his Bowels, that their tone and strength will not be recovered, until the Resurrection. By this advice I am almost assured, I have Clenched the Nail on the other side. But the quantity of the Mercury given in a Venereal case, bears no proportion to those vast Doses of jesuits-powder, our Excellentissimo gives in continual Fevers, or numerous drops of Laudanum Opianum Liquidum in those, and most other Distempers.   

CHAP. VI  
Of the Bold and Fatal Practices of the Conclave.  
§ 1. UPon those, that lay so weighty a stress on their Opiniator Methods, aught to be imposed a Voyage to Russia, there to exercise their Galenicisms upon the Boyars, and others of their next subordinate quality, who receive Physic from the hands of their Medicos upon no other condition or terms, than if the Pills, Potions, Powders, and Bleedings, have not the pretended success, those that advised them, are to justify the rationality and experience of them upon their own Bodies, in a double proportion: As thus; a Noble Patient having by three or four Bleedings received a palpable prejudice, or possibly his untimely dispatches to the other World, the advising Physician for a punishment of his unwarrantable and unskilful rashness, is to be blooded six or eight times; or if by a plenary Purge he should hap to eradicate the Disease and abounding humours, together with the Life and Soul of the Patient, the Physician is obliged to swallow down double the quantity of the Purge, which if he survives, he expiates his crime, and justifies his practice at the cost of his own Body. I hope that you believe, that those Physicians, upon return to their own Country, will appear well seasoned with caution, mature deliberation, and consciénce, much different from those, whose Memoires I have so lately presented you.  
§ 2. Had this Justice of Russia in any wise awed a Physician of the Conclave, he would with much more care and caution have balanced the force of his Purge, with the strength of the Patient. A wealth Merchant on P. H. unto whom he had prescribed Senna, Agaric, rad. Asari, Syr. Ros. Sol de Spin. Cern. etc. In a quadruple dose, to what I formerly did use to ordain for him, and whom I had twice recovered out of the hands of three of his Elder Physic Brethrens, beyond the purport of their Prognostics, or expectation of his Visiters. So it was, that the Cathartick fore-hinted operated by Vomit, and Stool, beyond the number of a hundred, and being not longer able to sustain the combat, sitting on the Bed-pan, yields his Ghost to him that gave it. Upon my return from the Country, where the concern of my own health had detained me a considerable time, I expostulated the matter with the Apothecary (that in my absence had preferred the Physician to this employ) why he had not shown my Bills, prescribed in a former fit of Sickness, to his Excellency, whence he might have taken just measures of the Idiosincrasia, and strength of the Sick person? He readily told me, he had so done, but the Doctor took little notice of them, replying by a particular Method he had done greater feats in Agues, than this seemed to require. However the case being irrevocable, it was desired, few words might be made of it, and therefore as you see, I have not made many. But did the public good so much influence any honest judicious Physician, as to become an Observator of such Methodists, in the space of a year he might exeeed a Volume larger than the Septuagints; but than for that term it's necessary he should have a Sauve garde, to save his brains from being knocked out.   

CHAP. VII.  
Concerning the Description of the true Method of Physic, whereby a Physician is distinguished from a Quack.  
§ 1. BY matter of fact it's made appear, what great deeds are pretended by Method; Next let's put to the scrutiny, what wondered thing this is, and what may be expected from it. The Method of Physic is a rational order of Remedies to be applied to the body of man, to cure Internal and External Diseases; which consists, first in the knowledge of the Distemper, and cause thereof, the Election or Choice of proper sufficient Remedies, and than reasoning within himself, which Remedy aught to be applied first, when, and how, which Second, and Third, etc. How long each is to be continued, and when the First, Second, or Third is to be changed. So that here you see the Method of Physic implies naturally two particulars; First, the knowing of the Distemper and Cause; Secondly, adequate Remedies, that shall remove those Distempers, and their Causes. Hence are made these deductions. 1st. That Distempers and Remedies are Relata, in reference to the Method of Physic, the Disease being the Relatum, and the Remedy it's Correlatum. 2ly. Since in Logic it is a trite axiom, that Relata do mutually constitute and abolish each other (Relata sese mutuo ponunt & tollunt) there can be no Method of Physic, where at the same time there is not a Disease, and a proper adequate Remedy, to cure that Disease; and therefore in respect of the Methodus are inseparable. 3dly. There is necessary (according to what my description of Methodaus doth express) a Ratiocination in the Physician within himself, the result whereof makes a practical Indication, or conclusion: Thus, This Distemper is hot, therefore the Remedy must be cooling; it is caused by a Plethory, therefore Bleeding is the Remedy; or a Cacochymy, therefore purging is to be advised. So that the reasoning part is nothing else, but the apprehending rightly the nature of the Disease, and collecting thence, what Remedy it naturally doth point at, show, or indicate; and therefore the Disease, Cause, urgent Symptoms, and strength of the Patient, are properly called Indicancia, or pointers at Remedies; the Remedies pointed at are termed Indicata; and the collecting, concluding, or summing them both up is named the Indication. 4ly. As than the Methodus Medendi doth imply the knowledge of all Diseases, Causes, Symptoms, and what parts they are inherent in, and likewise the knowledge and experience of all Remedies, so it doth consequently comprehend the sum, and substance, or total of the whole Art of Physic, and is the end and the ultimate point, whereto all the parts of Physic do tend, and therein concentre; so that only he, that is Master and Doctor in the Method of Physic, doth alone deserve the Name and Title of a Real Physician; all others that pretend to Physic, being Empirics, Quacks, or Mountebanks.  
§. 2. Having briefly and generally thus described the true measure of distinguishing real from pretended Physicians, let us also descend to some Particular. I am not only of opinion, but possibly certain, that notwithstanding all the delusions of Anatomy, great Scholarship, wondered parts, Vaunting and Boasting, the seat and causes of most Diseases are unknown and mistaken by the Commonalty of Physicians, as I shall make evident in another place of this Treatise. Wherhfore those, which I have Entitled Methodists, are no other than, Pseudo-methodici, as neither understanding Diseases nor Remedies, and consequently neither the Indicantia, Indicata, nor Indication.   

CHAP. VIII.  
Of False Methods, and Methodists.  
§ 1. THey are those False Methodists, who boast, that with Opium, and jesuits Powder, they can cure all Diseases, though instead thereof they either Palliate for a time, or too often sand their Patients to their Ancestors. Neither are they advanced to much higher form, that imagine ordinary Dispensatories are sufficiently stocked with Medicines adequate to the Cure of all Diseases, whereas they contain few others, than such as may serve for Vehicles for greater Medicines, or are only virtuated to remove slight superficial Distempers. Whence I may justly conclude, among a hundred Physicians you shall found Ninery five Learned Mountebanks, and possibly five Real Physicians; which confirms that distinction to be truly Logical, that there are two sorts of Mountebanks, the Learned, (though God knows, too many of them are very defective even in the School-Discipline) and the other Illiterated, who make their show on their Banks or Stages they mount (whence issues their Name) or on the Corners of Streets on Posts, obtruding a thousand Falsities to the Vulgar, to defraud them; whereas the Learned Quacks appear on their Anatomical Theatre, or Coaches, and privately in the Patient's Houses Quack their Abilities, that the Distempers they found the sufferer is afflicted with, they have frequently met with in such and such, and do not question to cure him as well as others; though probably never saw the like before, and do as little perform their Promise in recovering him, as the others they hinted. Moreover, if one of these Learned Empirics shall with a lump of Money be dismissed, leaving him to another of the same Association, who shall be a most confident undertaker also, and at the same time blame and cast dirt on his predecessor (a Brotherly kindness) picking the Patient's Pocket dextrously, and to prevent a third shall not be called upon, to succeed him, from whom he is conscious to be served, as he did the other, putteth all to the push, by either Killing or Curing. Now pray what is all this, but down right Mountebanking in a Learned way? Is their any of them, who doth not pretend, either a secret in his Method, or in the Remedies? which I have already Illustrated; is Nonsense▪ for there is no Method without Remedies, nor proper Remedies without Method. It is no other than Mountebanking, to advice Syrup of Steel to all Chronical Patients, and soput their whole stress upon one Medicine, making that his Panacaea, fac totum, Panchreston, and universal Remedy: what is become of Method here, whence a Practitioner is styled Medicus Rationalis, in opposition to an Empirick, that relies wholly upon Experiments, and Secrets, whence sometimes he cures, but very often kills, and that for applying his Remedies without Reason or Method.  
§. 2. The courses and Remedies used by most of the Conclave of Physicians of P. are chief these. 1. In acute Distempers, the Jesuits Bark, and Opium. 2. In Chronical Diseases, either the Milk Diet. 3. Or the Steal Course, or Purging Mineral, and Mineral Steel Waters. 4. Or Bath Waters. As for Purging, glistering, Blistering, and Bleeding, they are fortuitously directed according to Mr. Doctors Capritio. 5. The Cordial course; to this Classis belongs the Spirit of Hartshorn, and the Spirit of Piss succinated. It is confessed, they do somewhat exceed les Medecins de trois S. (son, seign & sena.) in their number of courses, but not a jot in their Methods. Now for Physicians who pretend to be Medici legales dogmatici, rationales, and Veri Methodici, to tie their Hands and Pen to only five Spurious Remedies, because they are applied by them without Method, as you shall read hereafter, is as much Mountebanking in their Coaches, as the vending Orvietan on a Stage.   

CHAP. IX.  
Of two sorts of Mountebanks, viz. The Anatomical Theatremounter, and the Bank mounter; together with the Tricks of the former.  
WEre it put to debate, which of these two sorts of Sharlatans', viz. The Anatomical Theatremounter, or the Orvietan Bank-mounter, is the greater Impostor, would beyond all peradventure be determined by men of Brains, in favour of the latter, who openly confesses, what he is; a Vagabond, that rambles from one Town or Country to another, to divert the People by making Shows, and Cell Ovietan for six Pence the Tin-Box; if you believe you have over-bought yourself, think the Rary-Show is almost worth it, and so the fraud is not much: But on the other hand, the Anatomical-Quack, by false suggestion of great Learning, long Experience, and what not, secretly and methodically poisons your Body, and cuts your Purse, with a greater confidence than any Pickpocket, because he is warranted by Laws, and Privileges of the Conclave. 
* I mean the Chamber of Phys. of Par.  Therefore there is no sort of men I look upon with greater contempt, than many Physick-Doctors, and do not only abandon such sort of acquaintance for their malé practice, but other sordid Actions; for certainly if you look for Avarice, Envy, Malice, Pride, Ignorance, Slandering, Backbiting, Flattery, Lying, and Defrauding, you may found it in a Conclave Physician; Hypocrisy is an instrument he manages with incomparable dexterity, the Church-door shall not sooner be opened, but Ecce Mr. Doctor, sitting in the most visible Seat, Grave, Deaf, Dumb, and immovable, as if an Apoplexy of Devotion had seized him, out of which his Apothecary is to raise him, by knocking at half Sermon at his Pew-door, to fetch him away post to a dying Patient; by which means he draws the Eyes of the whole Congregation after him; but instead of going to the pretended House of Visitation, they both drop into a Cabaret, there to pass the fatigue of a Forenoon Sunday. This knack of confederacy is to be repeated several Dominical days, until it hath made an impression of the People, that he is a man of importance, and of great Physick-business.  
Thus I remember two Physicians at Paris, grew famous; the one being called Le Sier de Tattle, had by frequenting the Convents of all Sects, made a vast inroad into the good opinion of the Zealots, and by that means halled in Shoals of Patients, whereof three fourth's within his forty years' practice are not to be spoken with on this side the Moon. The other was the Sieur Phlegmatic, known better to most men by that Name than any other; In his younger years the du●ness of his Apprehension, the imperfection of his Memory, and the natural sluggardness of his Mind, (all contributing to a very slender proficiency in his Latin Grammar) made a Diagnostic to his Parents, that he was gifted with too little Sense and Eloquence for a Lawyer, too shallow a Memory for a Preacher, and therefore what should they make of him but a Physician, arguing that his heavy dulness would grow up into Gravity, his minute Apprehension would be over-sufficient to understand a Disease, and his curtailed Memory would serve well enough to remember a Medicine. Into a Doctor by length of standing he was dubbed, and now to force a Trade of Pulse feeling and Piss-gazing, he lays his Plot in the Church, where his constant appearance with a broad-brimed Hat, the little Band, an austere Gravity, and dull Countenance, soon gained him the Title of an Honest Conscientious knowing Physician, which Character happily commends him to an Hospital, the reputation whereof, how undeservedly soever, brings any man into vogue, as it did also him, whom succession of time at lest creates Father of the Family of Physicians, still endeavouring to mimic the part of an Honest Conscientious man, and how far in that he acted the Hypocrite, this subsequent narrative of his uncharitableness will attest, viz. a poor woman accosting him with an Urinal of her sick Husband's water, and jest that should puzzle him, doth express particularly all the grievances, complaints, and symptoms of the poor labourer, that in his condition was obliged to receive Alms from the Parish, being indeed incapable of getting his Bread by his Sickness. The Doctor having given the round thoss to the Urinal, instead of the courteous smile due to the Rich for their Fees, frowns on the poor Creature, and asks her, Whether her Husband had forty Pound to spend on a Physician? she answers, Her Husband was a very poor man; to this the Doctor replies, Woman what do you come to me for than? However she had a Groat, which was all she had left in the world, and offered it to the Doctor for casting the water which he had the Conscience to accept.  
After so plain and full demonstration of the insufficient Education, Ignorance, and perverse means of Conclave Physicians, who can blame the Babylonians for banishing them out of their City, as you may read, Heredot. lib. 1. and Bodinus de republs. p. 573. gives an account, that Rome for the space of six hundred years kept out all Physicians, which caused her to flourish in numbers of Healthy Subjects, more than ever she did since their admission. How little esteem the Romans had for them Quintilian tells you, lib. 2. c. 2. for they would not grant them the privilege of building their Temple dedicated to Aesculapius within the City, but assigned them a mean place out of the Town, whither Slaves used to resort, Sueton. in Nerone. and Seneca. 3. de benef. cap. 24. Neither is it to be doubted, if all other Countries imitated Rome in the banishing Physicians, as is frequently practised in Muscovy, they would enjoy the fruits of Health by the natural dictates of their reason, and experience of familiar remedies, and Diet, to a higher degree, than now they do, in being imposed upon by Amethodici (as Galen terms them, and Pseudomedici; as Montaigne in his Essays well observes fol. 780. Of a Sick man being asked by his Physician, what operation he found from the Medicines he had given him, he answered, He Sweated Violently. That is well, quoth the Physician: At another time he asks him again, how he had done since? he said, He had felt an extreme Coldness, and a great shaking: That is well, saith the Physician. The third time? he asketh him again, How he did, he answers, I found myself to swell and ready to burst, as if I had the Dropsy; That is well again, cries the Physician. Upon this it happened, one of his Domestics came to inquire of him, how he did: Indeed my Friend (saith he) by being well I die. This recital doth resemble another, that happened in the next Climate, where an Apothecary conducting a Dropsical Patient to a Physician, he advises to empty him. The Apothecary having given him a Dose of jalap, and not finding the Dropsicalls Belly lessened, returns to the Physician, who directs to empty him more, which he did; but soon after the Doctor meeting the Apothecary, asks how his Patient did; the other told him, He was dead, than saith the Doctor, You have emtied him too much.  
This trite Aporism (viz. that there is nothing so hurtful or Poisonous, be it Spider or Toad, but hath its use) cannot be universal, unless it may comprehend the use of pretended Anatomical Physicians, which indeed is great and necessary in a populous Country, where neither Famine, Pestilence, or War have had any footing for many years. In this Case men would devour one another, the place not being extensive enough to feed all, were it not, that Physicians by their male practice prevented the Plethory of Inhabitants. Moreover, they help of with a great quantity of the Manufacture of the Nation, as Mourning-Cloath, Sack and Claret, Crape, Hannen, Drugs and a hundred Commodities more; and employ thousands of hands, as Coffin and Grave-makers, Clerk, Sexton, Tailors, Shoemakers, and what not.  
To put a conclusion to this subject, I shall only add; three fourth parts of the World spin the thread of their Lives to a greater length, without the help of these imposing Physicians, merely by observation of Remedies their Country affords, and applying them according to their natural sense, therein exceeding all other European pretenders, the proof whereof India manifestly gives, in their not only Curing themselves to a Miracle, but also others, that came out of Europe, who often when Physicians have left of, are recovered by the Indians in a moment. The 〈◊〉 Passion being there an Epidemic Disease, but much fiercer, and infinitely more painful, than what it is here, when a Patient hath been Clystered, and Drenched by a Batavia Physician for several days to no purpose, his last refuge is to some Skilful Indian, who makes no more ado, but scrapes some of the Pitch of the Ceco-nut in water, boils it an hour or two, which is not sooner swallowed by the Miscreant, but his pains are removed, as if with a Charm, and taking it once or twice more, Cures him Infallibly,  
So likewise in a continual Fever, where Bleeding, Clystering, and Juleping have been ineffectual, the scorched Patient sends for an Indian, who by besmearing him with a peculiar Ointment, (made of some of their Juices, and a sort of fat Clay) puts him immediately into a great Sweat, which is not sooner off, but the man feels himself perfectly well. By this, and many other instances, I would press my former argument over again, that without good effectual Remedies, Method signifieth not a straw. And what concerns their five Courses, mentioned fol. 105. I dare undertake in a week's time, to inform the most Illiterate capacity, having only a memory equal to the Sieur Phlegmatic, how to manage those five Courses with a better method, and far greater success, than any of these Anatomical Pretenders ever were fortuned with. And since the faculty, as it is used, savours so much of Cheats, Frauds, and Chance slaughters, I can easily make it appear, that it is possible, to comprehend as many plain and necessary Instructions, Rules, and Remedies in one single Sheet, that by observing of them, any man without other advice may in most cases Cure himself, with far greater safety, speed, and success, than the best of the pretenders to Anatomy could ever yet challenge, or lay claim unto; by which means a man would live out his determinate time, which otherwise by Mal● Practice is dockt, and interrupted. The Trial of this last proposal is feasible by assigning two Towns (suppose in the Hundreds of Essex,) that shall lie parallel in respect of unhealthy Air, and Diseases; now if the Town following the Rules and Instructions set down in the Sheet forementioned, shall by three fourth's out live the other, that shall make use of pretended Physicians, as beyond all dispute they will, than it must necessarily appear a clear case.   

CHAP. X.  
Containing the chief Subject of this Treatise.  
HAving taken the Reader aside for mine and his diversion into a by-path, I am now to reconduct him to the Style, where we made our deviation; and he is no sooner passed over there, but is arrived into this rugged Field, where he immediately finds exposed to his view the Method, and Remedies ranged in Battalia, that are to Encounter the new Disease of the Sieur, etc. Which in plain Physical terms is to be called a Semitertian, as most of those Epidemic Diseases were, which at that time reigned. Since that, they have given the foresaid Distemper, and all like to it, the name of a Remitting Favour, whose Paroxysins or Fits do only come to a Remission, and not an intermission.  
A. 21. ℞. Aq. hoard. cum. Rad. Scorzon. ℥ iss glycyrrh. ℥ ss coct. lb ii colatur. add vini claret. oped. lb ss Aq. cinam. hoard. ℥ iiii, spir. Sulphur. ℥ i M. capiat in siti ℥ vi.  Phl. 
A pretty sort of Posset; here is mealy, four, sweet, wine, water, and Barley Broth. A compost I azure you not common, for I do not found it in Le Cuisinier Francois.  
On the two and twentieth Phlebotomy was celebrated on his right Arm to Nine or Ten Ounces.  
A. 23. ℞. Glycyrrh. ℥ i Rad. Gentian. ℥ two. Centaur. min. M. ss. S●m. cardai. ℥ j passul. ℥ i corticis Peruviani ℥ i. coq. in aq. hordei stiiss. ad lb ii. Colaturae capiat ℥ iiij. quarta quaque hora per biduum.  Phl. Morb. 
§. 2. Here I preceive two jacks joined, the one turning the Spit one way, the other another. The latter is to take a lease of the Patient's Life, and therefore by all means let the jesuits Bark he used, or else it's no bargain. Observe the two last words of their ordonnance, per biduum, and for not longer, otherwise there will be loss of Fees; however so it happened, that the Sufferer had no sooner taken it, but grew worse (especially continuing it for his ordinary Drink) and therefore the Doctors are Summoned to meet next day, where Morb. gets his Disciple in to make a Party for the jesuit, in opposition to Phl. his Posset.  
A. 24. ℞. Persistat in usu reliquorum ut antea viz. Decoct: Amar. etc. (that is with the cortex Per.)  Phl. Foet. Morb. 
§. 3. Two to one is odds, and therefore the poor old Father of the Family must Submit to the pleasure of his Sons; which is hard, considering how much a good strenghthning nourishing Cordial Posset is to be valued before a bitter Hellish Jesuitical Drink, which now gins to threaten Damnation to the Patient, who is surprised of a sudden with a difficulty of breathing, and for that reason there must be another convention of these three Physic Statesmen at night.  
A. 24. ℞. Decoct. Pect. lb iii. Sine Hyssop. & Scabios. cum addit. Spir. Sulphur ℥ i Syr. viol. ℥ iij. M. F. Apoz. bibat in siti.  Phl. Foet. Morb. 
§. 4. Isop was too hot, and therefore is left out, but why Scabios a temperate and pectoral Al●xiph●rm is omitted, I cannot unriddle. But pray tell me, do you think three pints of Pectoral decoction with those little & Caetera's is worth three Guineas?  
A. 25. Repetatur Apoz. Amar. ut prius prescript.  Phl. Foet. Morb. 
§. 5. This Repetatur at three Guineas more is somewhat dearer than Neck-Beef. And here I found the Dutch Proverb true, He that is Shipped with the Devil, most go over with him. If once you begin to fraught your Patient with jesuits Bark, you must Load him with the same cargo; for there is no breaking Bulk, either he Sinks, or Swims, and arrives to a Port, or goeth to the bottom.  
A 26. ℞. Aq. Ceras. nigr. lujul. ● ℥ iiij. Cinam. hoard. ℥ i perl. prt. ℥ iss. Sacchar, cand. alb. Q. S. F. jul. Capiat cochl. iij. vel iiij. in lang.  
§. 6. What's here? No body signs the Bill! Despair, Despair, all is like to be lost. The Vessel is overloaden with Bark, and the mischief is, there is no opening the hatches by a Purge, to let out the jesuit. O lafoy madonna de'l tempio d' Apolline, miserere tuorum Pauperum Medicorum! O Sant' Aesculapio, Santo Podalirio miserere filiorum artis! The return of the Saints answer to the Supplicants was only; Alla forca, Alla forca.  
A. 27. ℞. Aq. Ceras. nigr. cochl. 4. Epidem. cochl. iiss. capiat cum lapide indico quarta quaque hora.  
§. 7. Ha', ha'! Farewell Method. The jesuit is deceitful, he Saves one, and Damns a hundred. We will turn Empirics, rather than loose Reputation; if the West-indieses cannot afford us a Remedy, we will for the East, and fetch the Goa-Stone, and though we know not what it is, or what it will do, we have heard wonders of it. Flectere si n●qu●o Superos, Acheronta movebo. He can but die, and therefore we may take the opportunity of trying Experiments, it will save us a trouble another time. Who can question us? We have the Supreme Authority of Physic, all other Doctors are our Vassals, who dare not open their mouths; if they should, we would soon have them into our Physic Inquisition.  
A, 27. at night.  
℞. Persistat in usu julapij nuper prescript,  
Every word in this Prescription costs the Patient half a Guiney, but it's no great matter, he will not want money whither he is going.  
A. 28. ℞. Syr. limon. violar à ℥ two. ol. lini per express. ℥ iij. Sacchari alb. Q. S. M. F. Linctus pro usu.  
In omni haust, cerevis. & jusc. Capiat spir. Salis armoniaci loco Spir. Sulphur.  
℞. Decoct, Carminat, ℥ ij, Elect. lenit, ℥ i Sacchar. rubr. ℥ iij. M. F. Enema adde sal gem m, ℥ ss, Capiat statim. Capiat saepius Spir. c. c. in cochl. Aq. Brion. comp.  Phl. Foet. Morb. Mus. 
§. 8. jubilee, fresh hopes, our Reputation will be saved, let it go how it will with the Patient; here is a 4th. man come in, a just number of ●spillones to carry him to his Grave; let each bear the burden of a Leg or an Arm, and the weight will be in aequilibrio upon our Shoulders. Sa, Sa, Messieurs allons, Courage, let's set our hands to the Bill, and pass these three Ordonnances; and let the Senior of us give satisfaction to the Lady: Madam, the great hopes we gave you three days since, would ere now have had the happy effect of your Husband's recovery, had the indulgence of his Nurss in giving him that draught of small beer with a Toast in it been forborn, and the putting on a clean Nightcap; which together with the keeping his hands out of Bed, have brought so great a mischief upon him, by stopping all the pores of his body, that it is not in the power of our Art to make him sweated, spit, make water, or go to Stool, such are the dangerous effects of taking cold, and in this case not retrivable. It is a great satisfaction to me, (and the same I hope it is to you) to see three of the greatest Physicians of France met here, and concurring with me in the opinion of this Distemper, Method, and Remedies, that have been applied. We have left no Stone unturned, had he been my nearest Relation, more could not have been done. But the days of Man are numbered, and the appointed time no Man can pass. The public will have a great loss, and in that I bear a share, which makes me truly condole with you, whose loss is infinitely greater, of so dear and tender a Husband. But let this be your comfort, he is going to a place of Rest and Happiness; and therefore we must submit to Providence. Madam, if at any time I can serve your Ladyship, either by day, or by night, or any of your Family, I will come, go, or run. The Lady being corroborated with this strong Cordial of words, received the sad message, with suitable moderation, and in Testimony of the good sentiment she had of them, desired they would be pleased to continued their attendance, to see the event. With all their hearts you may be assured, though it had lasted seven and seven years. Was not this a cleaver one? I confess I have not in my life time known a Storm of deserved reproach fended of with greater dexterity of words, which proceeding from such Gravities, might easily influence the world to believe, all things had been very well done.  
A. 29. ℞. Mass. Pil. è duobus Dr. i aq. bry●n. comp. ℥ i F. Dissolutio, & capiat Statim. cum spir. Salis armon. volat. gut. v.  
℞. Diasinapios, ℥ iss. aq. Hyssopi ℥ viij. Spir. Sulphur. Dr. j M. F. Gargarism. pro usu.  Phl. Foet. Morb. Mus. 
§. 9 Some hours after the Sufferer had swallowed down this Violent Purgative, not being able longer to resist the efforts of the Distemper, and the Medicines, submits and departs, though not quietly, being perfectly strangled in his Throat, and leaving the Pills in his Belly, for a Legacy to the Drs. Quantum mutatus ab illo. So strong and lusty a man reduced to dust and ashes! The Names subscribed to these foregoing Recipes, are the quondam Sieur Phleg. the Docteur Foetus, Doctuer Morbilli, and Monsieur le Docteur Musculus: All good men and true; so help them God.   

CHAP. XI.  
Of Semitertians, scarce under-stood by Conclave Physicians  
Raillery a part, let us seriously examine and consider the whole state of this Affair; Ludere de corio humano, being not trival matter. The true and only Test of the practice of Physic is the Methodus Medendi, according to whose Canons and Precepts the Legality of prescriptions is best determined. That which is first and chief required by this Part of Medicine, is the true knowledge, and right distinguishing of the Disease; so that the calling a Distemper by the Name of a New Disease is Empirical, and not becoming the Learning of a Doctor of Physic, who styles himself Rationalis & Dogmaticus. The term of a Remitting Fever, though it expresses some small Idea of this, and the like Distempers, yet not being found among the Records of Hypocrates, Trallianus, Actuarius, Galen, Cornelius Celsus, Avicen, and the rest of those Ancient Physicians, who in knowledge and distinction of Diseases exceeded us cent per cent, it is either their ignorance of Authors, or slothful observation of its Symptoms, that wrested this Name from them. We must therefore search for another Nomenclature among those Ancients, who of all Diseases were the most knowing in the whole Theory of Fevers, their Causes only excepted, wherein they were extremely mistaken. Now observing, that this Distemper commenced with a Lassitude, a Coldness, Shivering, and Shaking, ensued by a scorching Heat, insatiable Drought; and Sweats at the close of the Paroxysm, with an abatement of heat, that still continued vigorous enough, to denote there was a continual putrid Favour, which the next day towards the Afternoon was attended with another Paroxysm. In the night towards Morning, and the third day another Paroxysm returned, which doth manifestly detect this was a Semitertiana, being a continual Fevor complicated with an intermittent, either double, or single. Thus you are also to remark, there is a Semiquartana, though very rarely hapening, being a Febris Synocha complicated with an intermittent quartane, single or double. I know very well, that Celsus by an Hemitritaeus, meant a Tertian protracted in its Fits to half as much longer than the usual length, without coming to an intermission, but only to a remission: And Galen expresses it a continual quotidian, complicated with an intermittent Tertian, proposing that only as an instance of a complication of a continual with an intermittent Fevor●; though by that likewise you are to apprehended, that a complication of a continent Fevor with an intermittent Tertian is also to be called an hemitritaeus, the Etymology of the Word being as applicable to this as to the other. This is that sort of Fevor, which some ignorants call a Fevor, that will tend into an intermittent, wherein the jesuits-bark has been given with success, namely at the time when the continent Fevor was in its declination, and at that season has done no great mischief to the continent Fevor being going of, and likewise has prevented or stopped the paroxysms of the Intermittent. In such a case the Doctor of contraries might luckily enough venture upon a Lease of his Patient's Life, for many have been in this manner Cured, if you call it Curing.  
§. 2. He that presumes to impose a Name upon a thing, is chief to aim, that it may thereby be distinguished from all others; but this caution is neglected in denominating the forecited Distemper, a Remitting Fevor, which is more application to a Paracmastick continent, or a continual Tertian double or single▪ in which remissions and exacerbations may be perceived every day, or every other day. Likewise take this observation with you, that about the same time a Fevor reigned, that occasioned the Patient to be Hot and Cold, or sometimes a little I'll, and immediately after Hot, than Cold again, presently Hot again, and so he had several Fits in a day; this Distemper was also by them called a remitting Fevor, though erroneously, for it was a Febris Epiala. vid. Galen, 2. de Diff. Febr. c. 6.   

CHAP. XII.  
Proving, that the Jesuits Powder never yet Cured any Remitting Fevor.  
WHereas the distinction of these Epidemic Fevors is of so great moment, that upon hit or miss thereof, the Physician either Kills or Cures; I will, not of purpose of serving an ingrateful and most perverse sort of men (such the profession generally Fosters) but their Patients, take the Pains of illustrating this matter. That many Noblemen, and hundreds of others, within these few years, being seized with this popular FEVOR, and managed with the jesuits Powder, have died, or more properly been Manslaughtered by their Physicians, needs no confirmation, which error in practice sourceth from this Argumentation: Because the jesuits Powder has Cured such and such, as D. N. A. S. P. and a hundred more of a Remitting Fevor (ignorantly by them so termed,) which is continual, therefore the same Remedy must be proper in all continual burning, or Malignant Fevors, whereby they have Killed thousands, and never yet Cured any one man, excepting possibly three or four among a million, whose robust natures neither Disease nor Remedy could destroy.  
§. 2. The error than lies in the salsity of the antecedent proposition, in regard the Jesuits Bark never yet Cured any Remitting Fevor, qua talis, that is quatenus continua, but quatenus intermittent, by stopping its Paroxysms, leaving the continual Putrid Fevor unto which it was complicated, either lurking under the species of a febris lenta, or of a milder sort of continual Putried Fevor; or 3dly. of a Burning Fevor or Causos, or 4ly. of a Malignant Fevor.  
§. 3. Of these, instances shall be particularly produced, viz. Of the first, in the Remitting Fevor of an Eschevin of Paris the Sieur P. W. whose Paroxysms being stopped by the Bark of Peru; not withstanding a febris lenta was left, which detained him under a great weakness and languishing, not without immoderate Thirst, want of Appetite, and a preternatural heat though not pungent; a while after the Tertian returns, and it was judged necessary by the Physicians, he should take the Bitter Drink purging, and that to be repeated once or twice, and upon that the jesuit should enter him in the form of a black lump, every fourth hour, and this Bolus without a Superbibendo to be continued some considerable time after the Fits were dammed up. But still the febris lenta persevering, though invisible to some of them. Another Doctor must be called in, to open the Windows, draw the Curtains, and help him out of Bed to give him Air to Brach; but this show lasted not many hours, before they were posting him to Bed with all speed, so the opportunity was lost in taking of a Lease. Than the old Lesson of Decoctum amarum cum sena, sine sena, & aliquando cum additione salium, must be conned over again, and so to and from, backwards and forwards; Monsieur Patient at the end of many Months was at last recovered, the Fits being close bunged up, the febris lenta worn of, and he by many pounds' lighter in Body and Purse.  
§. 4. The Fevor of Monseigneur GO. makes proof of the second particular, upon whom the Chinchina Powder, alias, Jesuits Bark given with a liberal hand, had the influence to Cloister up his Fits so, that he was capable to walk up and down his Chamber six or seven days, the strength and vigour of his Youth bearing the commencement of the mild putrid continual Fevor, that was left, with almost a countenance of one, that is in a state of reconvalescence, which for that time beguiled an Anatomical Doctor of the glory he thought his due for so speedy a Cure upon a person of his high Birth and Quality. But the Fevor advancing in its increment, soon reduced this young Nobleman to his Decumbiture, to whom the Jesuit being again recommended from joint advices of the Anatomical and other Doctors, by rendering this continual Fevor Malignant, (as it never fails to do otherwise▪) soon machinates the death of this great man, whose life, as it would one day have answered the hopes the World had of his great endowments, so must certainly have prevented a link of certain fatal and Tragical events ensuing a few years after, which probably for their unpracticableness in that Kingdom, Tradition will hand to the next Ages.  
§. 5. A Precedent relating to the third instance, we have in the Remitting Fevor of Monseigneur SO. of most illustrious extraction, whose life expressed a true Portrait of the Valour of the Macedonian, and Prudence of Augustus in Martial Affairs, not lesle at Sea than at Land. By as much as the Chinchina abated the Paroxysms of his Tertian, in an equal scantling it augmented his continual Fevor, into a burning, and at last by its frequent exhibition Jesuited him out of his Being.  
§. 6. The Pewt. near the Cathedral in the West of Paris, having swallowed down Chinchina Pills and Bolusses, in the usual dose and method of quarta quavis h●ra, at the instance of his next Physician; found his remissions and exacerbations converted into a constant tenor of violent heart, and other Symptoms, that express a Fevor Malignant, and therefore an Anatomical Doctor was to be in conjunction with the other: But these two Saturnine Planets being seated in the sixth House, pointing directly towards the eighth (Domus Mortis) could not do otherwise, than advice the Jesuits Powder to be given in the quantity of a Dram, every two hours, which in 24. amounts to twelve Drams, or an Ounce and half, and in six days to nine Ounces, so that it may be presumed throughout the course a whole Pound was rammed down, which about the eighth or ninth day fulfilled the prediction. It would very well have countervailed the pains, to have opened his Body, and scooped out the Jesuits Powder, which at a Crown an Ounce, comes to four Pound, and probably having been thus digested in simo humano, might perform miracles. In fine, that the Jesuits Powder is pernicious, and killing in all continual Fevers, if any thing smart and Putrid, I could demonstrate by matter of Fact out of a hundred examples more, with the same clearness the Sun appears at noon day, did I imagine those already produced not convincing, and therefore superseding that, it's necessary we should make a Transit to the reason of the thing, without resting satisfied, like Empirics, in experiment only.   

CHAP. XIII.  
Of the Jesuits Bark, what it is, and whether Artificial or Natural.  
§. 1. THat none hath yet given himself the trouble of inquiry further, whence this Drug is sent us, than from Peru in the Spanish West-indieses, and by whom, but the Fathers Jesuits, whose name therefore is put upon the Parcel, is strange, most Physicians contenting themselves with an Empirical use thereof, without examining, what Tree or Shrub it's excoriated from, what Fruit or Flower it bears; whether it be transmitted to us Natural, as it appears, or Artificially prepared by imbibing it with some other bitter Juices, or Decoctions, specially since several pieces in the best of the Parcels differ from one another in Colour, Taste, Weight, Resin, and Grain, and much more doth one Parcel disagree with the other, some containing twenty sorts of Barks, all by Imbibition, or Decoction resembling the same in Taste, though in several degrees of more or lesle Bitterness, by which Sophistication the men of Art have been frustrated in their Cure of Agues.  
Many will have this celebrated Drug the rind of dwarf bitter Almond-like-tree, twice a year putting forth Yellow Flowers of very unpleasant Gusto. Others will fancy it scraps of the trunk of a Bastard-Indian-Berbery-Tree; others of an Ash-tree. The Flowers and the Nuts are reputed Vomitive. That this Tree is kept undiscovered by the foresaid Fathers from the Merchants, to whom they negotiate it, is upon no other account, than to entail the Commodity upon their Society, who make great profit by it. Whether it is only growing in the Kingdom of Peru, and no where else, is not commonly known; but certain it is, that every year a Cargo comes thence to Calis in the Spanish galleons. Neither joseph Acosta, Linshot, nor Delaet make any mention of this Bark, that I can remember.  
§. 2. However I am of opinion, the foresaid Drug is Artificially prepared, and that none of it (though the best) arrives to us in its puris naturalibus, the Tree spoken of, or some other like it, affording nothing but the Wood, into which the bitter Taste is immitted, by macerating it a convenient time in the Juice of a certain Indian Plant, to which that penetrating bitterness is peculiar. This having sufficiently insinuated into the pores of the Bark; it is exposed to the Sun, which knits it together into a solider texture. Hence it is, that the Bark being reduced to Powder, and steeped in any Liquor, doth so easily part with its bitterness, as being adventitious to it, and not connate to its essential Principles.  
But a further confirmation of this I could make by undeniable Arguments, had I not determined to forbear putting more sense into my Friends of Paris, than Nature, or their School Learning hath planted into them. After all, I could wish these Fathers had kept their Indian Bark to themselves, and sure I am, hundreds would be on this side the Grave, whose Bones are now turned into their first Element.  
§. 3. But the great thing to be inquired into, is its qualities, effects, and virtues, and this will afford us matter enough for debate. To propose, whether it be hot or cold, is entering into the Chicane of the Schools, to prevent which, we had best state the question, whether doth it heat or cool us primarily and per se. The Decoction, or Infusion of the Bark doth manifestly heat any that shall take it in the state of Health; moreover all bitter things (quatenus bitter) are hot; bitterness being occasioned by adustion, or by igneous Particles, or igniculi congregated in a terrestrial substance; thus by distillation being too long continued is brought over a bitter substance, being nothing but the faeces and terrestrial part, adust, or burnt in the bottom of the Still by a violent heat, that brings it over: But I would not have you disprove me by tasting a read hot Iron, where those Igniculi are potently congregated in a terrestrious body; Though if you please to burn Leather, Bread, or almost any thing else, that contains a gross Sulphur (to which the igniculi may adhere,) in its terrestrial part, and it will prove manifestly bitter. Now if any thing be burned so long, until this gross Sulphur is consumed, than you will not meet with a bitter, but a lixivial taste, as appears when a body is burnt to ashes.  
§. 4. Whether the Chinchina Bark be drying or moistening, is easily resolved by the premises; so great bitterness derived from adustion, or Empyreum, chasing all moisture, must necessarily be advanced to the highest degree of drying per se, as all those that have taken it, can sufficiently attest, ensuing immediately after its admission into their Stomaches; though by allaying of ebullitions in the first region of the body, or by precipitating of hot drying humours, it may per accidens expel Agues, and Droughts attending them, provided the taking thereof be not continued to too long a time; for than it will not only dry, and shrink the body and humours, but at last reduce it into a perfect Marcor, or total withering, wasting, and Consumption, by causing an incurable Hectic Fevor, which in this particular exceeds all other Hectics, in that it impels the Patient with far greater speed into extinction. Many I could instance about this Town, that by protracting the use of the Jesuits Powder too long, have been thrown into Hectic Fevors and Consumptions.  
§. 5. Myself not many weeks since was called to a Patient lying sick of an intermittent Tertian, whom I found almost totally macerated through frequent Doses of the Jesuits Powder, directed by a Physician of Note, who being unwilling to appear coram, after a days delay I threw of his course, and advised another, by which the Patient amending; upon the news thereof the Physician of Note thrusts himself in again, and two more Physicians of his Cabal. There being now four of us to sit in Judgement, I was to bandy with three, whom finding very refractory out of respect to their good old Cause, viz. the Coll. and telling them positively, I would meet them not more, I applied myself to the Patient and Relations in these terms. Madam, You are now in a hopeful way, I live at a great distance, there are three Physicians besides, and you are at a great Charge, I will therefore desire to be excused from further attendance. Upon this the Patient and all her Relations did most earnestly importune me to continued; but the Shagrin, the Doctor of Note, by some little indignities (by me not thought fit to be resented on the Bench of consultation) put me in, rendered me inflexible, and so took leave. At the expiration of three weeks, I heard she Ghosted, and than one of the Physicians did confess, I was guided by a right sentiment, which if I would have waved, and (what most others do,) subscribed to him, that leads the mayor part in Consults by the Nose, I should have got very well by it; but it is not a thousand Fees, that aught to prevail with any man to act against the tenors of Honesty and Conscience, as by some it hath several times appeared in consultations, and other occasions; Haec obiter.  
Those that are pleased to observe these few rules following, shall have reason to think well of me, for preventing them falling into worse Diseases than their present Agues, or preserving them from Consumptions, and Hectic Fevors.  
1. If possible, and that your Strength and Disease will admit of it, Bleed and Purge more than once, or Vomit, before you submit to your Physician's advice of the jesuits Bark: Or in case evacuations are counterindicated by too short intervals between the Paroxysins, want of strength, or other circumstances, exhibit proper Antifebril Medicines that upon certain experience do oppugn the materia Febrilis, which being partly subdued, and partly spent or diminished by a few Fits, namely, as many as nature can very well bear without manifest danger, than probably you may choke up the remainder with good success by the Bark. This Precept may be of use also in a Semitertian, provided that the Bark be not given before the continual Fevor comes to a declination, and than it aught to be seconded also with proper Antifebrils. But if you offer the Bark in the beginning, augment, or state, you certainly kill the Patient. Let me present you here with another observation; of late years there have been several simple tertians, whose fits were short, and intervals long, and so manifest, that the Pulse has beaten much slower than usual; their Urine well digested, with a laudable white sediment. To these tertianarians, the Bark has been advised with all the necessary premises, the Fits have been stopped, and notwithstanding the Patients have died. What was the cause? a Malignant continual Fevor, complicated with the intermittent; for you are to apprehended, that a quick uneven Pulse, and a high Urine, are not necessary or Pathognomonick Signs of a Fevor.  
2. Do not throw down great Doses at once, but small, though the oftener; yet not too often.  
3. Refuse to take it above a day or two longer, than the stopping of your Fits.  
4. About three weeks after your Fits have been stopped, cleanse by a Purge, and for two days after, take a few small Doses of the Jesuit again.  
5. About six Weeks after that, repeat Purging, and the next day after, take a Dose or two of the Bark.  
6. If you shall meet with a Physician, that can safely, and not over speedily Cure you, without giving the Jesuits Powder, never meddle with the Jesuit, with whom the lesle a man has to do either sick or well, it's the better.  
7. At the change of the Season of the year, enter into some small Purgative, Aperitive, or De-obstruent course; but by no manner of persuasion be misled into a Steel course, for that will certainly prove more fatal to you, than the Jesuit well managed. For the present I crave but your belief, these are abstracted from experience, and matter of Fact, hereafter you shall be satisfied with the reasoning part of them.  
8. If the Jesuit will not stay with you, but runs through at the bung, it's frequently a sign, your Body was not swept clean enough to entertain his Worship.  
9 Where the Body is fluid, the most Learned Physick-Doctors prescribe Opium, or Laudanum Opiatum, or Liquidum, mixed with Jesuits Powder, to detain it from leaking through; this to me seems joining a puller to, with a thruster from; but that is Empirical, and therefore, if they design putting a stop to the looseness, before they exhibit the Jesuit, they aught rather to remove the cause of the Looseness, which is either Thin, Acrimonious, Stimulating Humours Boiling, and afterwards precipitated downwards; or thick Viscous Salin humours, adhering to the tunicks of the Guts, irritating the excretive faculty: In these Cases either gentle Purgatives, or detergents, the one, or the other, or both, mixed with Laudanum Opiatum, or without Laudamus Opium, is most proper; but which of them aught to be used, is to be left to the discretion of your Physician.  
10. Though this Jesuits Powder is not a Medicine nowly found, (the virtues for stopping of quartan Agues, having been experienced above a hundred years since) but revived by a debauched Apothecaries Apprentice of Cambridge, in the application to all intermittent Fevors, and he in this empirical practice most diligently imitated by our most famous Physick-Doctors, as their Aesculapius, and first master (a hopeful tribe in the mean time, that shall leave their Sense, reason and Dogmata, to follow a Quack or Empirick) yet I have more than once observed it as little effectual, as a Chip in some Quartains, and Tertians, which I have in a very short interval put a more secure and lasting stop unto by other applications.  
The End of the First Part.    


The Second Part Of the CONCLAVE OF Physicians, Farther discovering their Intriqus, Frauds, and Plots, Against their PATIENTS▪ And their destroying the Faculty of PHYSIC.  
With an Account of some Principals in Physic, of Greater Use than any yet known.  
By Gideon Harvey, M. D. Physician in Ordinary to His Majesty.  
LONDON, Printed for james Partridge, Stationer to his Royal Highness George Prince of Denmark, at the Posthouse near Charing-Cross, 1685.   

The Conclave of PHYSICIANS: Detecting their Intriqus, Frauds and Plots Against their Patients.  
PART II.  
CHAP. I  
Of the second qualities of the Jesuits Bark.  
§. 1. FOr the present we will supersede these preceding Rules, and proceed upon a further inquiry into the second qualities of the Chinchina Bark, which are chiesly controverted, viz. whether it be condensing and incrassating, or rarefying and attenuating; detergent or emplastic; relaxing or adstringent; deobstruent and aperitive, or obstructing and stopping. The Ducklings of the Society of Paris have declared it, Attenuating, Detergent, De-obstruent and Aperitive; because Bitterness (which this Drug contains in the highest degree) is a necessary cause, source, or spring, whence these qualities and effects do flow and derive. The implication than is, that it is not Styptic, adstringent, condensing and incrassating. But Aloes, Colocynthis, Rhubarb, Wormwood, Semina Santonici, Soot, etc. may contend with it in Bitterness, and consequently in attenuating, deterging, and de obstructing, yet instead of giving a check or stop to Ague Fits, they incense and increase them; whence than issues this virtue of stopping of Ague Fits? To this Query they stand with their finger in their Mouths; though at last (not daring to own it to be binding and obstructing; for they are jealous, very pernicious effects would ensue upon three weeks or a months use thereof,) they tell you, it is the most wondered, and strangest Medicine nature ever produced; for in some it occasions a looseness, in others a costiveness; in many it stops Ague Fits after the taking frequent Doses; in a few it doth its work immediately. Some it raises their Appetite, to others, dejects it; many it Nauseates, some few it Vomits. On great numbers it Engenders Hypochondriack vapours, Scurvy, Obstructions, and tumors of the Spleen and Liver, ill habits of Body, Dropsies, Swelled Legs, Head aches, suppression of Menstrua in Women, difficulties of breathing, Phtysicks, Palsies, and other great Distempers of the Brain, which possibly are never afterwards to be removed: But most of these I confess are often occasioned by Male application of the Bark. Notwithstanding some Physic Ducklings are so fond of this monstrous Powder, that they prescribe it Panacaea like in all Diseases, mixing it even with Glisters, and Syrups. A certain Physick-Doctor lately advised it to a Gentlewoman troubled with an Inflammation, and Ulcers in her Throat, in a great measure rendered worse by a Guaiacum Decoction premised by him; whom I afterwards Cured in somewhat longer than a Fortnight. Another I knew directed it to an Infant breeding its Teeth. In fine, the effects appear so miraculous to many of 'em, that they imagine the Jesuits by Imprecations, Exorcisms, and Charms on their Bark, have made use of their Cloven-footed Master. But to take of that aspersion from these poor Holy Fathers, I am of opinion, it is stupidity and ignorance in School-learning, Philosophy, and the true Art of Physic, that impels these pretended Doctors to take their refuge to such occult causes, which to men of more serene capacity may be rendered sufficiently manifest; wherefore in Answer to the Query before mentioned I assert, 1. That bitter things (amara quatenus amara) as far as they are bitter, are in some measure to be allowed: deobstruent and aperitive per se. 2. That many bitter Medicines are Emplastic, and others Adstringent; such is Aloes outwardly applied, and therefore Galen makes it a principal Ingredient of his Pulvis Adstringens, so much decanted in Ancient and Modern times; for dissolving it in Water, or any other Liquor, and dipping your finger therein, you shall immediately perceive it to be sticking, glewy, and somewhat contracting, Emplastic and Balsamic, for which reason also its a frequent Basis of external Balsams; though internally taken, its effects prove quite contrary, by raising a smart ebullition in the Blood; which doth not only give it a quick motion, but a tenuity so extreme, that its very apt to penetrate through the Pores, and Mouths of the Veins, and Arteries Read Roses, Galls, torrefyed Rhubarb, and many more, are Bitte● and Adstringent. 3. Medicines that are Bitter and Astringent are most potently Styptic; the reason is obvious; the Bitterness insinuating, and piercing into the most retired Pores of the Humours, and Fibers of the Bowels, doth thereby make way, and crowd along with it the Adstringent Particles to the deepest cellulae, or Pores of the Parts continentes & contentae, so that consequently, no Medicine can be parallel in a Styptic quality to that, which hath a Bitterness united to the Adstringent; whereas other Remedies, that are only Astringent, the Particles upon their first appulse to the surface of the Parts they are to exercise adstrinction or contraction upon, do shut up the external superficial Pores, and by so doing they lock or shut up themselves in the surface, and do as it were praecludere sibi viam; so that they cannot in any proportion be accounted so potently Styptic, as Bitter Adstringents.  
§. 2. The manner of Adstriction may be thus explained, viz. You must suppose the Minimal particles of an Adstringent simple to obtain a long slender figure, most subtly pointed at both ends, which renders them capable of insinuating into the Pores of that Part, or Body, which they are to operate upon. The slender Minimal particles being at one end fixed in a Poor, by the Heat of the body, or part, wherein they are fixed, are bend or turned round like unto a Staple, (not unlike the heat of fire bending Pipe-staves, for to fit them for making cask) by which means the other pointed end happens to be fixed into another Poor, and the heat still continuing to bend, both these points must necessarily than contract and draw the two Pores, wherein they are fixed nearer together, which causes that pursing or contracting sense we perceive, when we taste any thing that is Adstringent; and so long as these hooked Particles continued bend, so long the sense of Adstriction lasteth, and no longer; for upon their slacking, that disappears. Likewise the asperity and ruggedness, which ever concomitates the part that is thus adstricted, is nothing but those minute Elevations or Monticuli, occasioned by the contracting the Pores nearer towards one another. But in regard Adstringents do not operate all after one manner, some do it by stifning the Pores, and rendering them rigid, and possibly upon resistance of the part Adstricted, by reaction may also be incurvated and bend. Thus most Adstringent Salts and Salin Bodies, as Allom, Vitriol, etc. do perform their Action, namely their acuated thin slender rigid Particles, fixing themselves into the Pores like so many stiff minute stakes, crowd and run them up together, and continued so long in that posture, until the heat of the part shall have relaxed, or softened them, and than nature doth easily thrust them out again. Moreover it may so hap, that these rigid Particles do not only enter the Pores in a descending straight figure, and so stake themselves, but may also lie transverse and obliqne, by which means the Adstriction must ensue more violent, and be of a longer duration. Hence it may easily be made out, how our Ambient Skin happens to be Adstricted, and rendered rugged, in Cold Frosty Wether, viz. By the slender acuated nitrous Particles in the Air, staking or fixing in our Pores, and crowding themselves on another; and here it is to be observed, that these nitrous Particles continued their Adstriction (perceived by us in Cold Frosty Wether, more or lesle, according to the number of these rigid nitrous Particles, precipitated down upon us) until our heat within, or external warmth of Fire shall have slackened and expelled them. It is those rigid Frosty Minims filling the Pores of the water, and expelling the Air thence, that cause Ice. We must than suppose, that in Warm Wether the foresaid nitrous corpuscles floating in the Air are slack, and swim, or jye parallel with the surface of the Earth; but than as soon as the Moon by her motion shall have turned their Figure downwards, and by defect of the Warmth of the Air (occasioned by Sulphurous Effluvia's exhaled out of the Earth, and actuated by the motion of the Sun, whence the Warmth of the Air arises) assuming their natural rigid structure, they are precipitated downward in great Showers, at the return of the Frost. Though I have here endeavoured to accommodate this sort of Mechanic Philosophy to the present occasion, I must tell you, that to me some other Philosophical Principles Printed Anno 63. renders the thing much more evident, and therefore where I am to satisfy myself in subjects of that nature, I do choose to take my recourse to them; however the other being most in Vogue, I shall spare the pains of obtruding mine.  
§. 3. The application of the preceding Discourse to the jesuits Bark, is our next affair. 1. That it is Bitter, Sense convinces us. 2. That it is Resinous, the Eye manifests in breaking it. 3. That it is Restringent, the Taste doth attest by the perception of Contraction, and roughness upon the Tongue, especially in the simple Powder, after the Bitterness is extracted by maceration, or decoction in any Liquor.  
§. 4. The Bark being extremely Bitter, Resinous, Viscous, and consequently Emplastic, and Adstringent, declares it a most potent Styptic; for by its extraordinary Bitterness the minute slender acuated Particles (being partly Nitrosalin, and partly others) are readily and deeply fixed, into the remotest Pores, and thereunto are fast cemented by its Emplastic Viscous resin. And in regard all these qualifications, figures, positions, and principles do so rarely concur in one body, it's no wonder not many Barks besides it, are found so effectual for stopping Ague fits.  
§. 5. Before we inquire further into the manner of its activity in intermittent Fevors; we will demonstrate, that the Chinchina Bark is neither Purgative, nor Laxative per se. The former appears, in that in most bodies it doth not raise any Ebullition; the latter, in that all do agreed, it is not moistening, nor much stimulating, unless taken in too great a Dose, or where the Stomach is charged with a mass of Humours. Neither is it Diuretic or Diaphoretic per se, which needs no other proof, than the general attestation of all those, that have experienced it on the occasion of their Distempers. Wherhfore since per se it neither operates by Vomit, Stool, Urinal, or Sweated, being the usual way of carrying of the Causes of Agues, which properly aught to be termed Curing, I judge we may safely conclude, its chief Energy consists only in stopping of Ague fits; for in as much as one, that is troubled with a virulent Gonorrhee, cannot be said to be Cured by stopping it up with Adstringents, the malignity together with the putrefied Humours being damned up within the Body, and therefore is so apt to return, and be converted into a worse Disease, the Pox, unless Cured by removing the cause, viz. by extinguishing the malignity, and carrying of the Putrid Humours by detersives or Purgatives; so Agues can not otherwise be termed Cured by the jesuits Bark, but only stopped, and the vicious Humours retained and mured up, whereby either the Fits upon some short interval do return, or through failure thereof, worse Diseases are engendered (by the vicious Humours so retained and bound up) as Dropsies, Consumptions, Scurvy, or twenty other Distempers, that either tender the Party his whole life-time extremely Crazy, or kill him outright. Your objection I can as soon answer as conjecture, viz. A Diarrhaea or looseness is often cured by Adstringents; but the nature throws of the cause by frequent Stools, which in a Gonorhaea, though it be possible to run of, and so afterwards remedied by Adstringents, it is rarely observed, unless in those that are very mild and little malignant, though even in those, and in the forementioned Diarrhaeaes', its far the safer way to carry of the cause. In like manner, where slight Agues by Symptomatick Vomits before the Fit, and Sweats at the termination of them, have lessened the Cause, the jesuits Bark may sometimes put the last hand to the suppressing of the Distemper, and yet I should rather choose to be cured another way.  
§. 6. That in some the Bark proves Purgative, in others Vomitive, is only per accidens, by encountering with floating bilious, or corrupt Pituitous humours about the Stomach, Guts, precipitating the former, and giving a shock to the latter; so that according to what I observed in my ninth Rule, where it chances to operate by Vomit or Purge, it indicateth necessity of exhibiting a Purgative, or Emitick. Therefore in many cases I esteem it male practice to mix opiates with the jesuits Powder, to keep in or stay it in the body, unless the Patient be reduced to a very low ebb of strength, and even than, it aught not to be continued long, except some other urgent Symptoms should co-indicate it.  
§. 7. Now we are advanced to the chief point and knot of the difficulty (the untying of which will manifestly detect the kill errors, committed not only in intermittent, but principally in continual Fevors) How, in what manner, and by what means the jesuits Bark doth stop Ague Fits. Wherhfore let us proceed by method, first assert the theory of Agues, and afterwards by way of Indication describe, how the Bark by being so potently and peculiarly Adstringent and Styptic, as I have before illustrated (wherein its sole faculty and energy consists) doth answer our Intention.   

CHAP. II.  
Willis his Hypothesis of Agues is ridiculously Erroneous.  
THat Excrementious Humours extra vasa put into an high ebullition, and accended into a preternatural igneous heat, are the cause of intermittent Fevors, the old Hypothesis intimates, which in some particulars doth nearer approach the Truth, and expresses the curative indication beyond the Fictitious modern one of Thomas Willis, who for couching Physical Romances, and Romantic notions, smoothly, elegantly, and to Physicians of Par. only resembling Truth, doth exceed Monsieur Scudery in his Historical Fictions, could it but be believed, the stile and the Latin were as much his own as the matter. Had the said Willis from observation abstracted his Novels, a happier success would have attended his practice, than which nothing ever proved more pernicious and fatal to most of those Patients, that subjected themselves to his, and the followers of him, Their debauched advice, which the Bills of Mortality of his time, and since, did amply testify. His Caprices being ever form before experimental observation, he was obliged to strain the latter, to tender them agreeable to the former, which was the cause of that great number of caitiffs failing under his management; whereas had he made experience the foundation of his Inventions, a rule that swayed with the Ancients, his endeavours might have been in some measures serviceable. His judgement was most palpably depraved, in concluding excrementious humours could be lodged not where, but in the common receptacles, as the Gallbladder, Guts, etc. There being according to his assertion no other visible repositories; as if the Pores of the Parenchyma (conspicuous through a Microscope) of the Entrails, Musculs, Glanduls, etc. were not sufficiently numerous, to contain a centuple proportion of humours, more than those cavities he mentions, for the proof of which, you need only consider, in what places the humours are contained in an Anasarca, Ascites, pedes aedematosi, all internal tumors of the Bowels, and those of the external parts. But he conceived these not to be Excrementitious, as the bilis in cysti fellea, & stercora in intestinis, allowing them only to be humores crudi, that may be concocted, wherein his error is discovered, by misapprehending the intendment of the Ancients in the word Excrementitius, signifying omne id quod excerni debet, and therefore crude blood that has stagnated a considerable time in the Pores, having thereby acquired a preternatural crasis, disposition, or quality, is as much excrementitious, as the Urine, or alvi faeces, and thence being incapable of assimilation to the universal Mass, must be substracted by Bleeding, Purging, Transpiration, Urine, Expectoration, Sputation, Vomit, Excretion at the Nose, Eyes, Ears, etc. For certainly none can deny, but that Snot, Humours running at the Ears in Infants, Fleam expectorated by Cough, or Spit up from the Glanduls of the Throat, are Excrementitious Humours, contained in no visible Cavities, or Cells. Neither doth the conceding (as he urges) of stagnation of Excrementitious humours in the Pores exclude, or impede the circulation of the Mass in any other part, than where the stagnation is, and finding a resistance or exclusion, the circulating Blood doth preter-flow to the next passages, that are patent. The Argument most enforcing his objection, is grounded upon the trite maxim of Physic, viz. That humours extra vasa Putrefy. This is granted, but how, and when? Post long am moram, not immediately, as appears in most AEdematous, Skirrous, or Aqueous tumors, and many Ecchymoses not tending to Putrefaction before a long interval of time; though in some Cases, where the external and internal Pores are quite stopped and choked up and the Bood consisting of Heterogeneous Particles, is Sulphurous, and full of Spirits, a Putrefaction doth ensue immediately extra vasa, and so it may intra vasa, manifest in Putrid Continual Fevors. Moreover conceding this Physic Romancers position, that the Blood, or excrementitious Humours, cannot stagnate extra vasa, the whole structure of the Art of Physic, raised by the sedulous observation and experience of so many Agues, is thrown to the ground at once; for than obstructions of the Bowels, all internal tumors, Dropsies, Infarctions of the Stomach, and Lungs, with many other evident distempers, must all be expunged, Purging set aside, Bleeding rendered useless, and no other Remedies continued in force, besides Alteratives, Diaphoreticks, and Diuretics. A fine sort of Emperical and destructive practice, whereunto the man being glued by such like false Opiniater notions, was driven to a most unreasonable use of Spirit of Hartshorn, posting thereby Legions of Patients to untimely ends, and still continued by his unhappy successors, who in imitation of their master, aim at nothing more than getting of Fees, by defrauding people of their lives.  
That this I●trosophist had given himself over to Physic Tales, and invention of Cases, that never happened, producing them in Evidence, to maintain his false positions, this instance of a Cure performed at Oxford on a young Gentlewoman, now the Wife of an Attorney of the Lord Mayor's Court, may convince you; whence, and from the course he directed her Mother, both decumbent of an intermittent Fevor, he abstracted his Theorems of Agues. To the former he had exhibited such a proportion of Mercurius Dulcis, as raised a Salivation so plentiful, that it had almost Embarked her in Charon's Boat, and put himself into the humour of attending her to the end of her Voyage, to anticipate the reproach and scandal, which than was likely would unevitably ensue, though through mercy she narrowly escaped his hands scarce Cured, as likewise did her Mother, which afterwards he draws into consequence, as I hinted before, for installing his erroneous Principles of Agues: This being related to me, did ever after excite an aversion to the Author, and a diffidence in his Writings.  
The groundwork of the Theory and Practice of Intermittent Fevers, rests on this Hypothesis, that the Original of Agues must be placed in the Mass of Blood preternaturally affected, raised into a fermentation by the appulse and commixture of the nutritious juice, which though endued with a good natural Diathesis, or constitution, yet upon its commixture with the distempered Blood, through its too great a contrariety excites an high ebullition, which he calls an Intermittent Fevor. You are to apprehended, he makes mention of two succi nutritii, the one fol. 119. de febr. Succus nutritius ex esculentorum materiae suppeditatus; and fol. 120. à pabulo quotidiano suppeditatus; and why would not this Fantastic continued the old name Chylus? though in another place he improperly terms it Chymus, by which Hypocrates only intended the Blood, and Plato and Aristotle Sapor, or Tast. The other he recites fol. 109. a sucus nutritius e sanguine suppeditatus, and is (as he says) a Vehicle of the Animal Spirits, a brat of the brain of Glisson and Wharton, and by Willis highly approved and Christened the Liquor Nervosus, an opinion so absurd and ridiculous, that all Europe have with contempt rejected the nursing of it, the Fools of Paris only excepted. Well, it is the former of these Nutritii or alibiles succi he purposes, for the first source and causa movens of an intermittent, and typical fermentation; but what, if the Patient for several days, by reason of a dejected Appetite, assumes no nutriment, whence must the Causa movens, Fovens, Adjuvens, commaterialis, or what not, be fetched? and if upon the prava diathesis of the Blood, the first concoction in the Stomach is immediately depraved, and perverted (as questionless it is) how will the pot be set on Boiling through want of sufficient contrariety in the Juices? If by removing and correcting the humours abo●t the Stomach, the Ague is forth with chased and expelled, what becomes of the Hypothesis? if the juvantia and laedentia are only relative and applicable to the Stomach, and the first original and immediate (symptomata proxime emanantia) symptoms do only appear about the ventricle, I judge we need not give credit to Romantic notions, that like Will with a Whisp shall lead us out of the way to kill people.  
That the Chyle for being well and naturally confected, should be impeached a cause of a Feavorish Disease (risum teneatis amici) is an absurdity before unheard of, and to elude the Truth by asserting, that Vomitives Cure an Ague no otherwise, than by throwing up Choler (how he is forced to strain himself) is false, since I have often observed intermittent Tertians eradicated, where the Emetic hath cast up an heap of Putrid slime, without the admixture of a grain of Choler. On the other hand I have seen Bleedings, and such Purgatives, or Laxatives, which he so highly commends, only to make his marks to bear, a hundred times continued in use, and repeated in eight, ten, or twelve interval days, and exhibited before the Fit, with no more success than commonly attended his first practice at Oxford, which I particularly took notice of (being myself than a Student in Exeter College) was so inconsiderable, that he was forced to block at his Pen, and so by forging of Novelties, thereby removing the bushel from over his Candle, alured a number of poor Country Patients, though at that time very raw in all manner of experience, nor advanced in the lest in practical observations; so that at last justice for his having so long impunitely injured mankind, made him his own Executioner, dying under the same misapplications, so many hundreds had miscarried by. Though after he had thus practised many years, I have met with him in consultation, than whom I never observed a man lesle Sagacious in finding out a Disease, and therefore he would ever submit to any that should discover it, being wholly unfurnished with the Diagnostic part, whereby he might oppose or approve another's judgement. Indeed it were to be wished most of my Friends of Paris would return to their Institutes, and perfect themselves in the Semeiotica; for they are so apt to mistake Diseases, that in five, four are commonly misnamed by them, and not long since an Anatomical Bell-wether, (a Doctor) managed a person of considerable Quality, living within two Miles of Paris, for a Gout, who being Dissected, was found to die of an Ulcerous Consumption, his Lungs appearing in a great measure putrefied; but what do I mention this single example, when I could produce a hundred, whom Syrup of Steel (his general quack Medicine) had brought to the ground, upon applying it to Diseases by him mistaken.  
That which induced this Innovator to state the Focus, Sedes, and Foams of intermittent Fevors in the Vessels, was the observing, that many Autumnal and Epidemic Tertians attacked Bodies of all Temperaments, Ages, and Sexes, (in some of whom no foul Stomach, or ill feeding could be discovered by him) likewise such as should live in Foggy marshy places, as the hundreds of Essex, and lower Kent. Unto this instance, carrying the force of an Objection, I must make a reparty of those sporadick Agues, that appear plainly engendered by irregular Diet, where the Air cannot in the lest be suspected to bear a part in a most healthful season, and the best of Climates, on which occasions the Stomach by the original and immediate symptoms, doth show itself principally and primarily affected, and other parts only per deuteropatheiam; as also it doth even in those intermittent Feavorish Distempers of the Autumn, and of Marshy places, where though the Nitropyretick Particles of the Air do seem to introduce a dyscrasy in the Blood, through the Pores and inspiration; yet this cannot hap, unless soon after the Stomach doth receive the same ill impression from the Spirits of the Arterial Liquor, and Lympha, considering that through heat of the former, and Salin particles of the latter, it doth in a great measure perform the first concoction, or Chylification, whence afterwards through infarctions of its own, and circumjacent parts, by putrid slimy variegated humours, variously constituted, and boiling up, those several sorts of Agues receive their production. Should I charge myself with the trouble of copying out the Theory of intermittent, and continual Fevors, abstracted from experience and experimental Observations, the sole original and fundamental of true knowledge, you would at the same moment be furnished with a guide easily to conduct you to Remedies equal to Riverius his Febrifugue, jesuits Bark, or any other, in Intermittents, and to Medicines in continual, putrid or malignant, beyond any yet discovered, that shall manifestly abate the Distemper, and extinguish malignity; but it is foreign to my intention ever to gratify that ingrateful and malicious tribe of Parnell further than present them with a looking glass of their errors, and to inform the Vulgar, that following the Dictates of their own sense, and common experience, will in slight Distempers more safely cure them, and in dangerous ones prove lesle hurtful, than they, or the preposterous management of their Art.   

CHAP. III.  
By what virtue, manner or quality, the Jesuits Bark doth stop Ague Fits.  
TO avoid Chicaneries, & School-wranglings, we will only suppose Ague Fits to be occasioned by an high ebullition, Orgasmus, or fermentation (as others choose to call it) of contrary humours, and Juices about the Stomach, their Particles being rarefied, attenuated, and of various figures, do vibrate, and shock one another impetuously, and by their violent local motion against each other, a great heat is at length raised and an high ebullition, whence Effluvia's being gradually dispersed, and impelled into the Mass, do according to their number and quality excite a greater or lesser, longer or shorter, milder or malignant heat and ebullition, depending also upon the disposition, and susceptibility of the Blood. The indication drawn hence concludes, that a Medicine, which is drying, condensing, incrassating, and Adstringent, so as to be penetrating also, must be singularly energick, and effectual (though not always proper to be used) to alloy the Febril ebullition beforementioned, by interposing its minute slender acuated corpuscles between the combatant Particles, and as it were parting them, by staking themselves like so many Pallisadoes between them, and so by crowding them up close, fetter and imprison them, whence consequently the ebullition must necessarily cease, and a truce put to the combat for so long time, as the interposing corpuscles shall there continued, which being worn out, or by long repulsion of the imprisoned particles expelled, the battle commences anew, and the fits return, which than are to be stopped again by the same Medicine.  
That this indication is answered in all its particulars by the jesuits Bark, the frequent and common experiment, together with the reason thereof, given in the manifest dissection of its parts, and explication of its qualities, and effects before recited, do clearly demonstrate: For consisting of such staking or pallisading particles, and endued with a penetrating bitterness adstrictive, and emplastic qualities, it obtains a specific virtue to stop febril Paroxysms. Why other Adstringents, as Allom, Tormentil, Berbery Bark, and such like are not equally Febrifugues with the Chinchina, is because they are not sufficiently bitter, and penetrative nor emplastic; or were they bitter, penetrative, and emplastic, yet not consisting of particles, whose figure fit the Pores of the Febril matter about the Stomach, so as to enter them, would fail of the virtue the Jesuit is endowed with, wherein all these requisita meeting, do therefore tender it specific.   

CHAP. IU.  
Giving the reasons for the Method and Rules (heretofore set down) of exhibiting the Jesuits Bark.  
MY next task is, from this Theory to give you the reason of the rules, set down fol. 160. In the first Bleeding, Vomiting, or Purging are directed: The first to diminish the Plethora ad vires, or ad vasa, to make room for the Spirits to move, the Bood to circulate, cool and ventilate the Humours, open Obstructions, and remove the constipation of the Pores: The second, to evacuate the whole Body, and Bowels; but particularly to averruncate those Viscous Putrid Humours about the Stomach, where the focus, and minera mali lies absconded: The third, in case Vomiting is counterindicated by weakness, tenderness of Sex or Age, indisposition of Parts, or mildness of the Distemper, not requiring a Medicine of that efficacy. These depletions and evacuations being in sufficient measure and proportion premised, the Relic of putrid humours aught to be precipitated to the Guts, or Bladder, or the Ferment (as they term it,) bond up by a specific styptic, as the jesuits Bark, and several others; which done, the Spirits return to their several functions, and the Concoctions are restored to their Vigour, whereby new humours and juices are engendered, which gradually diluting and qualifying the forementioned remaining ferment, the Ague is totally cured without danger of relapse. But in case the jesuits Bark shall be exhibited immediately, before the body is depleted, and evacuated, as of late years hath been the practice, the Febril ferment is by longer detention augmented, and much deteriorated, or rather those putrid Ebullititious humours do not only receive an addition in quantity, but quality, which sometimes amounts to malignity. This is not all, obstructions are inveterated, the Bowels extremely weakened, and subverted in their temperament, whence more dangerous and obstinate Diseases are to be expected, than the Ague itself. So that when ever the Fits shall return again, they shall appear attended with far worse symptoms than formerly, and continued much longer, and often times be converted to double tertians and quartans, being only single before. I have more than once known, that a single tertian, by applying the Bark too early, before proportionable evacuations or depletions, hath been forced into a continual mortal Fever, the violent styptic Medicine having impelled the ferment, or those Putrid febril humours into the great vessels. Neither will the purge Willis mentions fol. 142. the infusion of Sena and Rhubarb (purposely adduced to avoid thwarting of his Hypothesis) signify any thing in a stubborn, or inveterated tertian; it must be a Cathartick of another nature, and greater energy, among which I could discover one to the Physicians of P. that at once or twice purges of those Viscous putrid humours in a great part, the other it precipitates to the Bladder, and the remainder it fixes, which three properties aught to concur in any Medicine, that deserves to be named a Febrifugue, or specific Antipyretick; but that would be casting Pearls to Sw.  
In the second precept great doses of the jesuits Powder are forbidden, jest by too sudden a cohibition you crowd the ferment into the great Vessels, or by too great a dose, or weight, it precipitate itself downwards into the Guts, and purge, and so carry itself of, not unlike Mercurius Dulcis given in a Dose to raise a Salivation, instead whereof, by its weight and sermentative quality, as they call it, it purges, whereas by small Doses it answers the intention; though I am not ignorant, that sometimes small Doses may by its adstriction precipitate, and detrude lose floating humours downwards, and so become per accidens laxative, (as meddlers are said laxative, prima mensa comesta) and by that it signifies the body requires a purgative.  
The fourth Cannon enjoins another Purge after some interval, to attempt the carrying of some part of the humours, that have been bound up, (before the ebullition revives, the virtue of the jesuit being almost worn out) and to cement the remninder by a few Doses of the Bark.  
If upon conjectural computation the relic of morbifique matter shall be deemed considerable, another Cathartique must be interposed after six weeks, to which duration the adstriction of the Bark may well extend, since after several previous subductions of humours, the styptic is supposed to continued its prerogative over a small heap, to a longer interval, which being somewhat reinforced, doth abide in prevalence, until the last small remainder of febril matter is by the strength of nature dispersed.  
The occasion of the sixth injunction is this; though many have been brought of from their Agues by the method predict, yet considering the nauseous doses of the jesuit, the long protracted regimen of Diet, frequent danger of relapses, which in some hath happened twenty times in the time of a year or two, and after all there has been a translation into an incurable Disease; in my opinion, other methods aught to be preferred, where the case can bear it. And grant the Bark is used with all the caution, and success imaginable, still Experience awards necessity of an aperitive or deobstruent course at the next season, or at lest the subsequent spring, to delete the vestiges of the Bark, and the ultimate impressions of the Febril leeses, or sediment; but a caveat is put in against Chalybeats, they in point of adstriction being Sisters to the jesuit, as hereafter shall be more plainly made out, viz. That all Chalybeat preparations, and particularly such as are called erroneously Aperitive, are highly adstringent, styptic, obstructive, and binding per se. Also that most of those preparations of Steel, which are termed adstringent, are rather, Epulotick and Emplastic. In my Treatise of the Scurvy, I have partly proved the assertion, and given instances, how extremely dangerous the use of Steel is, if misapplyed, hundreds, I may say thousands, owing the irrecoverable loss of their Health to it, and not a few the loss of their lives: Yet notwithstanding these convincing proofs, not only Steel, but the jesuits Powder, and Laudanum, are become the three Quack-Medicines of this Age.  
That Steel is the bane of the Lungs, doth not only appear by its suppressing expectoration, but also by crowding and forcing gross Phlegmatic and Salin humours up to the Lungs, whence inevitably Consumptions and Hectic Fevers do ensue, whereof I have seen frequent instances in young and old: And notwithstanding it is so highly cried up for opening obstructions, I have more than once observed some Women, that have made use of Crocus Martis Aperitivus (falsely so called) for the procuring their Menstrua, have fallen into an incurable suppression. Per accidens it doth sometime prove de-obstruent, by crowding Humours and Spirits up into a heap, until at last they burst through, and than by Explosion, violence of motion, and a forcible stream, they carry all before them, and so become aperitive, not unlike to a rivulet, that is dammed up with a bank of mud, which stopping the water until it is swelled, and gathered into a great heap, is at length thereby burst through, which happening, moves impetuously, scours and clears all before it. Moreover, the material principle of Steel being Vitriol, which is allowed adstringent, and obstructive in the highest degree, doth strongly confirm what before is asserted.   

CHAP. V  
Containing Animadversions on the grand course of Physic, described in Chap. 11.  
§. 1. MY affairs preventing me, I must suspend my intention of discoursing particularly upon the five courses formerly mentioned; and therefore shall only set down a few Animadversions upon the grand course of Physic prescribed to the Sieur, etc. which you have already read in Chap. 11. The first Medicine set down by the Sieur Phlegm. he knew not what to make of it, and therefore at the close writes only M. for Misce, it being neither Apozem, because it wants Syrup, nor Julep, because it is a Decoction. By the Scorzonere and Liquorish he designs to smooth the Blood, but than by the Spirit of Sulphur, that is likewise added, he renders it rough again. The Claret-Wine, (which he ignorantly calls Vinum Claretum, signifying spiced Wine, and rendered clear, by passing it through an Hyppocras bag) is poured to it, because the Patient having been a Claret drinker, is not to be taken suddenly from the use of it, for fear through want thereof his Stomach should be palled; the Cinnamon water is to keep up his Spirits: The whole is the most idle prescription I ever yet beheld, consisting of contrary Ingredients, and consequently Heterogeneous, which necessarily must ferment in his body, and therefore instead of allaying the Febril fermentation (erroneously so termed) he doth considerably augment it; whereupon the Patient growing worse, he thought it not safe to trust himself to him alone, though a Patriarch, but must have another joined with him, to tender the case worse, who agreed in the next prescription, which is a Decoction of bitter, and sweet, viz. Liquorish, Gentian, Jesuits Bark, Centaury, etc. A Medicine as idle, but more pernicious than the former, being wholly Empirical without sense or reason. I perceive these two Gentlemen ascribed the chief energy of the jes. Bark in suppressing of preternatural fermentations, to the bitterness of it, and therefore to exalt the virtue thereof, the other bitter Simples are added; if so, why is Liquorish put to it?  
2dly. It is universally observed, that all things that do (movere alvum) cause Stools, not only infringe, but destroy the Virtue of the Jesuits Bark: Wherhfore it is very senseless, to add Centaury, Carduus, and Gentian, which by a smart stimulation and potent detersion do all occasion Stools, and consequently precipitate and throw of the Jesuit in a great measure. The manifest truth hereof you shall found by giving the Jesuits Bark to two Ague Patients, whose Diseases are indifferently equal in their Symptoms: He that takes the Bark without the bitter Decoction, shall be rescued from his Fits six or eight days before the other. Furthermore, I have known the aforesaid Bark given in substance three weeks successively with a superbibendo of the Decoctum amarum, without the expected effect; but on the other hand, after the same Patient had swallowed down three Bolusses of the Peruvian Bark upon the omission of the Decoct. Amar. his Fits were stopped immediately. So by this you are to understand, amara are not all of the same nature, witness Aloes, Colochynth, etc.  
3dly. These Signiors were very addleheaded, in directing a Decoction of the Bark, which only extracts the bitter from the adstringent particules, which being Terrestrial, were left in the bottom of the Pipkin, whereby the Medicine is partly destroyed.  
4thly. Considering, that most continual Fevers after digestion, and the aequation of the Heterogenous humours are carried of by Sweat, Urine, or Stool, can any thing be more contrary and Lethiferous, than the Jesuits Bark, that stops all the Avenues of the Body, crowds and forces up humours out of the lower venture into the middle, and supreme ventures, as appears by their prescription of the 24th. where Pectorals are advised to relieve his difficulty of breathing, caused by the Jesuits Bark; for this Symptom did not attend his Disease at first, but was an Epiginomenon. And now his humours are thus thrown up to his Lungs and Throat, the Vital Spirits must needs be extremely oppressed, and stifled; to whose relief a number of insipid faint musty Cordials are prescribed. These sages observing, instead of having done little good, they had done a great deal of hurt by an unknown Medicine, they push on by trying one experiment upon another, to whose composition they were much more Strangers, viz. the Goa Stone; to little purpose. But still the difficulty of Breathing increased, of which he complained so vehemently, as if a house had stood upon his breast; thus the poor Gentleman was night-mared by the Jesuits Bark; to remove which, here is a lick-pot (prescribed on the 18th.) of nasty Linseed Oil, taught them by the Boars of Germany; which though very moistening and relaxing, could not abate the adstriction the Bark had caused. Hitherto they have continued the use of Acids; now Empirick-like they pass over to Remedies quite opposite, viz. Volatile Alcalies, and therefore they recommend Spirit of Sal Armoniac to be taken in every draught of drink and broth, instead of Spirit of Sulphur; likewise he is often to gorge down Spirit of Hartshorn in Briony-water. By these prescripts, I found they are receded from their former opinion, importing the difficulty of Breathing depended on a translation of humours to his Lungs, as beyond all peradventure it did: And now they humbly conceive, it was occasioned by Hypochondriack vapours. But since those Volatile Alcalies caused no abatement of that Symptom, they even turn to their old deserted opinion, of a translation of humours to the Lungs, and therefore on the 29th. they endeavour to purge them of by a violent Purge, the strongest that ever was prescribed to the strongest man, and in the greatest dose, viz. Twenty grains of Pill è duobus, consisting of colocynthis, and scammany. This was an error unpardonable, for these reasons; first for directing the strongest Purge, in the greatest dose, to the weakest man that lay dying. 2dly. For ordering a valiant Purge, when a continaul Fever (not without suspicion of malignity) was near the state, whereas it is accounted a great èrrour to advice a gentle purge in the beginning and augment of a mild continual Fever. Now, had any other that was not of their Conclave, been guilty of an error a thousand parts lesle, they would in that Country have prosecuted him not for male practice only, but Murder. At last the sufferer fell into Rattling in his Throat (the nearest Symptom to death) which they ignorantly believed, was occasioned by the humours mounting, and therefore they appoint him a Mustard gargoyle, which stifles him immediately, instead of haling Flame out of his Throat by roaps. In conclusion, may I never be guilty of so much Knavery, and Ignorance, as to become a Conclave Physician.   

CHAP. VI  
WHat sort of Animal a Conclave-Physician is like to prove in curing a Dropsy, Consumption, or any other Malady, is without difficulty conjectured, from his ignorant management of Fevers and Agues, the most popular and most common of all Distempers; for upon tracking him 50 years backward, you found him varying, diffident, and most incertain in his method, a plain evidence his Theory appeared to himself dubious and false, which impels him so often into various different courses. For a considerable time continual Fevers were endeavoured to be removed by bleedings, and acid Juleps, but many more dying than recovering, put the Physic Doctors upon a contrary method; namely, upon the use of Volatile Alcalies, as Spirit of Hartshorn, Spirituous Sudorific-waters, etc. throwing of Treacle-water, because consisting of one or two acid Ingredients among many alcalies. This manner of cure prevailing lesle than the former, they fall into an Empirical course, as exhibiting jesuits Bark against all continual and intermittent Fevers, which now by all men is judged to be more fatal than any of the former. Wither they will apply next, who knows? tho' some already have cast of the Bark, and began again with Acids, others with Alcalies, as being according to their sentiments lesle lethiferous. By these contrary courses a Conclave-Physician betrays his Ignorance in Theory, and unskilfulness in Practice. After all, I must tell you, Fevers are curable by methods different from these, and Remedies, which they never yet have found out, nor ever will, as long as they continued in their Associations and Confederacies; for all following one Bell-wether, must like Sheep go astray, whom if any of a Genius more inquisitive should endeavour to conduct into a true path, would for his pains be rewarded with ill language, reproach, and all manner of ingratitude; and therefore no more shall be said at present.   

CHAP. VII.  
Concerning the Apothecaries and Surgeon's Capacity and Pretention to practise Physic, equal with the Doctors.  
1. TO make a Superscription to a Physician, be his Name what it will, viz. to such, or such, Doctor of Physic, would now adays appear very foppish and idle; whereas the Direction aught to be, to such, or such, Doctor of the jesuits Bark; for all Diseases, that require to be cured tuto, cito, & jucunde, are wholly and solely to be managed by this Panacaea, the mode or method of Application, just Dose, Time, Preparation, Repetition, Substraction, Addition, Division, Multiplication, and innumerable other Circumstances, being so extremely intricate and difficult, that they cannot be felt, heard, or understood in lesle time, than 10 or 14 years' study in an University; though the first Founder of this Order, Dr. Tabor, of immortal Fame, conceived all this great Mystery in one night's Drunkenness.  
2. But besides these Savii, there is another sort of Doctors, that live at the Sign of the Pestle and Mortar, and who are of the true Race of the great Prophet abovementioned, and consequently by descent are gifted with the knowledge of discerning good from evil Bark; they know how to bruise, powder, and sift it, infuse, extract, impast it into an Electuary, or Pills, and weigh it into Doses, of all which the Pen and Ink Doctors being ignorant, they are incapable of curing one single Patient, without the indispensable aid and assistance of the Pestle and Mortar Doctors, who for that Reason attain ten Patients to the others one; for if a man repairs to a superior Doctor, for a Licence for the jesuits Bark, paying therefore a Tribute of five or ten Livers, and than is remanded down to an inferior Knight of the Pestle, who also for his Commodity and Attendance, expects in the end, by reason of several Repetaturs, to be trebly satisfied; what is this, but purchasing Health at the second hand? So that generally throughout all Paris, the Apothecaries having 50 or a 100 Patients to the Physicians one, it's an infallible Conclusion, that the Company of Apothecaries get 50 or a 100 times more than the Band of Physicians; for an Apothecary is continued to the end of the Distemper, the Physician ofttimes makes but one Visit or two, and than is dismissed: besides the Apothecaries often have hundreds of Patients, whom the Physicians are never called unto, either because they pretend, and often really do cure them as well as the Doctors, or because the Patients are unwilling to be at a double charge. Hence you may easily extract the Reason, why five sixths of the Physicians go with their hands in their Pockets all day, the greatest part of Business passing only through few men's hands, (though some of 'em are much more ignorant than the others) whereas there is scarce any little Apothecary, but one time or other in the day, there is Life perceived in his Mortar. Now this scarceness of Business being by Physicians (who probably wish all the World sick at once) imputed to too great a share one hath before another, (though falsely, for it's equally enough divided amongst most of 'em, some few only excepted) makes them growl and snarl at one another, like so many barking Animals at a Bone in the Water, they can't come at; whereas all this while, were the number of Physicians ten times greater than it is, there would be too much Business for them, had they not imparted their Knowledge, Skill, Method, and Remedies, to these inferior Doctors, at whose discretion it is now, whether any Physician shall partake with them in their Employ, and whenever they do, it is ofttimes to the Physicians own Disadvantage, as I shall make appear to you.  
3. If the superior Doctors will bid high for the Stock, the inferior do not want confidence to outbid them, as the subsequent Test will plainly decide. Suppose a good honest Parisian, of an indifferent Fortune, to found himself Feverish, he will have a care not to be so profuse, as to throw away (in his opinion at lest) a Fee upon the Master Doctor, but sends to the next Pestle and Mortar, who has skill enough to discover by his Pulse, he has a Fever, and upon the instant (if the Patient wants one) to recommend a Lavement, or clyster to him, and within a few hours after to 'cause him to be blooded; he is not ignorant, that he aught to provide him a cooling Julep, a Cordial, Diaphoretick Powders, and in a few days to clap on his blistering Plasters: now what could the Master Doctor have done more? However, if the impatience of his Relations, suspecting danger by the Apothecary's Countenance, will needs impose a Physician upon him, who may make a better Figure in case of miscarriage, he doth with all his heart accept of one, provided he be of his own choosing; or if he must be the Bell-wether, the Apothecary stands upon his Guard, having possibly left him room to crowd in Spir. corn. cerv. or a Pearl Cordial, and possibly not. But if the Apothecary should hap to prove dishonest, in preferring his Reputation before the Life of the Patient, whom therefore the Physician shall not cure, whereby he may acquire a Fame above him; for prescribe what he will or can, it is in the Apothecary's power to make up the Medicine as he pleases; and suppose a few grains of Cer. should be added to your Pearl Cordial, not unlike it in colour and mixture, this shall so oppress and stifle the Patient's Spirits, that without the lest sign of being poisoned, he shall certainly die, without the lest danger of being discovered for his foul play.  
4. Allow a Physician commits to the preparation of the Apothecary a long Bill, perhaps a purgative Apozem of half a Sheet, containing an hundred or more of alterative Simples, besides the Purgatives, can any man be so idle, as to believe, he will sand to all the Herb-women, Physick-gardens, and Druggist's, possibly at ten a Clock at night, when the Prescription arrived at his Shop? Not, he is wiser; and discerning the Doctor intends only to exercise his Patient for two or three days on the Close-stool, laughs at the Vanity of the man, and puts in only three or four Roots or Herbs, a few Seeds, and the same Purgatives, dosing it according to his own Estimate, and conveys it next morning early to the Patient. You may believe, it's not one Bill in twenty is exactly made up according to the Doctor's Order; neither is it fitting it should; for often his Prescriptions are so idle and incongruous, did not the Experience of the Apothecary correct, altar, and substitute what he pleases, there would be mad work in the sick man's Guts. Or imagine the Bill is prescribed as it aught, the Apothecary may not be pleased, the Patient should be restored to his Health in too short a time; or at lest is pleased that the Physician shall miss of his Reputation in curing of him. Therefore grant the Doctor prescribes overnight a sudorific Cordial Julep; the other prepares it, with the addition of a few grains of Resin of Gialap, or Scammony, without the lest hazard of discovery; the next morning the Sick gives an account, that instead of sweeting, he was on the Pot all night. The Doctor, lesle jealous, good man, of the Apothecary, than of his own Wife, tells the Patient, this is a critical Evacuation, occasioned by Nature's being strengthened by the Cordial, and consequently proves better than he intended; and so shams it of; and if the Party dieth, lays the blame on the malignity of the Distemper, without the lest mistrust of his man Doctor, who privately having much more the Ear of the Patient, throws all on the Doctor, expecting hereafter he alone shall be made use of in the Family. Another Knack he is dexterous in; if the Doctor do not stand well in his Books, he impeaches the Physician secretly of erroneous Prescriptions, and tacitly turns of the Medico, introducing another that will serve his purpose, and submit to him in all things. In fine, there are a hundred Tricks, by which he eludes the Physician, do what he can; and why not? It is to his advantage so to do, knowing to cure Diseases as well as the other, and sometimes better, having been entrusted with the Method and Bills of many Doctors. As to my particular opinion, I do verily believe, the Apothecary is rather fit for Practice than the other; for where the latter cures one Disease, the former cures twenty; and where there dies one under an Apothecary's Hand, there die twenty under the Physician.  
5. Cannot the Apothecary advice a Diascord. bolus cum Rhab. the white Decoction, Laudanum liquid. and anodyne Glisters in a Looseness? Cannot he make up Syrups in a Cough, Consumption, and Ptysick; purge in any Fullness of the Stomach, hypochondriack Crudities, or any other slight Cacochymy, with Pil. stom. c. g. or prepare Chalybeates in women's Obstructions, or in fine, mimic his Masters in almost every Distemper? And will they or can they hinder Apothecaries, who have so diligently learned their skill of them, from practising among their poor Neighbours, who besides paying for the Physic, (which perhaps is dear enough) are not able to bestow Fees on Physicians? Well, but suppose these inferior Doctors grow sullen, and leave their Superiors the Field, what will they do with their Patients? Can they prepare Medicines? Are they skilful in practical Pharmacy, or Chemistry? If not, what will become of the Sick? Neither is that part of the Art, viz. Pharmacy, so soon attained. Perhaps they will pick a Quarrel with the Surgeons too, for practising Physic; whose Art doth entitle them to Bleeding, opening Imposthumes, reducing of Fractures and Dislocations, Amputations, Trepanations, and dressing of Ulcers and Wounds, that often cannot be performed without giving internal Medicines; which Privilege, if the Physicians deny them, can they perform all those Chyrurgical Operations themselves? If not, who shall do it? So that it's plain, the Man-Doctor aught to practise, because the Master-Doctor is ignorant, and insufficiently educated. Wherhfore I say, he doth not deserve the Title of Doctor of Physic, that is not very well versed in Pharmacy, Chemistry, and Surgery.  
6. I confess, I have not always been of this opinion, touching the equal capacity of practising Physic, between the Master and Man-Doctors of Paris, because it was some years afterwards, before I was thoroughly informed of the Insufficiency of the former; though I must likewise acknowledge, that I know some Doctors of Physic, that have only some honourable Relation to their Society, who by their due Education are arrived to as high a point of Learning and Skill, as any in the whole Universe.  
7. Moreover in regard many slight Distempers are carried of by purging, it is found, that many Medicine-mongers do vend a vast proportion of Purgatives under several Forms, at a very low rate, and to a great relief of the Poor, and benefit to the Rich: so that computing these, the Practice of Apothecaries, Surgeons, Midwives, Nurses, and skilful Women, the hundredth part of the Practice of Physic is not left to Physicians; wherefore they aught not thus to envy, backbite, slander, and hate one another, since it is not they that take the Practice from one another, but their receiving into Copartnership all those forementioned Disciples, through their own ill management of the Faculty of Physic, which notwithstanding all this, I could without much difficulty, put them into a way of retrieving their Rights and Privileges; but my best way is to let it alone. Before I go further; since the distributing of the first Impression of this Treatise, I perceive many will not be convinced of my right meaning of the Physicians, mentioned in the whole process of this Tract; and therefore I do once again expressly affirm to you, I never declared to any, nor ever intent to declare otherwise, than my meaning to be only the Physicians of Paris the Metropolis.  
8. And now with great grief I cannot but condole the fatal Stroke, that's given to the Reputation of the Faculty, by the Life and Death of a main Pillar of a certain Grandissime, and topping Society of Physicians; also by the reproachful withdrawing of another great prop from their laudable Company. A man of Letters was Don Diego, and wonderfully versed in the Waters, but much more in Wine, insomuch that Hats tempered with the Liquor leaking from his Tub, did exceed the best Codebecks. The splendid mode of his Living was supported by the great mortgage of the Atheneum, made to his most intimate Friend, for repayment of whom, he drew on his Deathbed a Bill of Exchange payable by Pope joan; but the Bill (I should have said his Testament) was protested, the Corpse seized, and put into a Deal Box, slightly nailed up, without so much as a penny Cord about it, and was tumbled into a Hole close by, for it was not packed up for a longer Journey: thus turned this blazing Light into a Snuff. The other was also a main piece of Timber, suddenly cracked by the great weight of his hypocrisy & knavery: strange! a new house built but t'other day, to have so many pieces of rotten timber in it. Let hence his sober creditors, as they call themselves, draw this Moral, There is no Trust to be put in Religio Medici, many of whom, I verily dare affirm, believe, there is neither God, Heaven, Devil nor Hell.  
9 If some for a Fee take a Pot or two of Ale, or a Bottle of Wine, (which possibly is all day evaporating through their Pericranium) or a quarter of a hundred of read Herrings, a Sundays Dinner, a pair of Shoes, Stockings, a Campane Coat, a shoulder of Mutton, or the like; I think this can be no Reflection on the whole Society: however, Meliora speramus; crescit sub pondere virtus. I hope to live the Time, to see every society-Physician again in his Velvet Jacket, which the Apothecaries and Surgeons, yea the very Mountebanks, have so unjustly pulled over their Heads, and put on their own Shoulders. Is this the Year that Notre dame prognosticated Physic should flourish, and be Dame Paramount over all the Arts and Sciences? O Tempora, O Mores! The Man is turned Master, and the Master the Man; the Apothecary if he has too much Business, or has a Chestnut to pull out of the Fire, the Patient being in danger of dying, he sends his Man, the Physician, (which he must take for a Favour too) to the poor Patient, who dying next day, the Apothecary privately to the Executors layeth all the blame upon his Man, the Physician, for prescribing so impertinently, by which he secures the future Practice of that Family to himself. This is true Politics, Practica est multiplex; it's no wonder if half the Physicians cannot get so much, as will buy Water to wash their Hands; and glad is the Physician, if he can but get his quondam Man the Apothecary's Daughter into Matrimony, tho' her Lips be smeared with Pomatum, and her Stink-Pot with Verdigrease. Thus much of Pantagruel and Gargantua; Simon and judas; or Apuleius and's Ass.   

CHAP. VIII.  
Containing some eminent Cases; and new Principles in Physic.  
1. I Have told you, who are the Betrayers of the Liberties of Physic; for provided the Apothecaries will but call upon them, when their Chestnuts are ready to be pulled out of the Fire, they care not a Farthing if the whole Faculty be destroyed, and the rest of their junior Associates beaten their Heels against the Ground: even as it is in some Hogen Mogen Commonwealths, where a few growing rich by Treachery, they value not if all their Companions and Commonalty become Slaves to le grand Seigneur. However this toucheth not my Copyhold, never intending to herd with any Society of Physicians, unless there should hap a wondered Reformation; though I cannot deny, but I have formerly been a Fellow of a College of Physicians, where they always spoke Latin, and consulted in Latin, (observe well) but I sufficiently spied the Inconvenience of colleguing of it: I know very well, their Bulls in no Place goes beyond seven miles, therefore a Remove so far, or at lest assuming to be Man-Doctor and Master-Doctor in one, eludes all: but it's time enough to think of that at my return to Paris.  
2. To leave all this Ribaldry, I pass over to the discovery of a new Principle, or rather Theorem in Physic, the use whereof is infinitely greater, than any thing yet discoursed of by Anatomical Fops, namely, whence such plain and advantageous Indications for bleeding, purging, alterative, sudorific, diuretic, and corroborative Remedies may be deduced, as shall with much more certainty cure Diseases, whereas hitherto they have been handled by conjectural means, and most of 'em not without imminent danger.  
3. It hath been observed, that Inquisitors for estimable Novelties have most often with great facility, discerned them in the very surface of their enquiry, to the reproach of those who apprehended, that nothing of moment or rarity is attainable, unless long and diligent search be made in the most abstruse and profound Corners. Children would have puzzled Archimedes, in their easy invention of setting an Egg upright. The Ours of Potozzi were discovered by Silver, found on the surface among the Shrubs, though by their digging to a great depth in many Places, they got nothing but their labour for their pains. The Mariners observing, that the Sea out of the Ocean did always flow through the Streights of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean, and so it did out of the Hellespont, yet without any proportionable Intumescence, notwithstanding the Water had no passage to be disimbogued, soon concluded, that it must run out again underneath, as fast as it run in atop, which by their Plummet they found to be true. That this unpolisht sort of People without any Philosophy, should so easily detect so considerable a Truth, is no great wonder; whereas the Chain of Physicians, linked together for so many Ages, could never by all their Philosophy, Traditions, Study, and their pretended anatomical Industry, discover the circulation of the Blood, until lately; a thing much more easy, than the circulation of the Sea in the Mediterranean: for had they like the Seamen only reasoned thus; the Heart through the Arteries doth constantly throw Blood into the Extremes, and so did also the Veins, according to the Dictates of all Physicians, from the beginning of the World, until forty or fifty years' last passed. Were this true, in lesle than an hours time all the Blood of the Body must be thrown into the Extremities; and than what monstrously swelled, read, bloody Hands and Fingers, Feet and Toes, Nose, Lips, or in short, Face and Head, must a man have had? For according to their Maxims, it is most absurd, that two contrary Motions should be granted to Humours, flowing in the Vessels; neither is it possible, for the Heart by Pulsation doth always throw from it, and what must than become of all that Blood? Here the very Seamen would have told you, the Blood must take up some other course, and return through other Channels; and what could these be, but the Veins, that throughout the whole Body do for that purpose accompany the Arteries, through which the Blood is conveyed again into the Heart: and this is the Circulation, which any man would have thought might easier have been defected, than the setting an Egg upright, or the circuation of the Mediterranean. Here you may see, what a dull stupid sort of People Physicians have ever been, as if their hard studying and poring on the Elements, Temperaments, Humours, Faculties, and such like Trifles, had benumbed their Brains, which makes 'em look with their Eyes fixed and immovable, their Bodies stiff, like automatick Statues walking up and down. Had the Apothecaries, who have their Senses and Tongues voluble enough, (if not too much) applied themselves to the Invention of the Circulation, they would have found it out with lesle labour and time, than the making up of a Composition of Mithridate, or Treacle. For all this, though the Invention did not partake half the subtlety it seemed, yet such was the Envy and Detraction of Physicians, they rather chose to ascribe it to Varandaeus, Caesalpinus, Padre Paulo Sarpa, and others, than to the real Author; and Lindanus, the Professor of Leyden, (under whom I begun my Course of Physic) pretended to prove the Circulation out of sacred Writ. And now it is set on broach, Cui bono is it beyond Speculation, or what use or advantage do they make of it in curing Diseases, or desuming curative Indications, which if any where, should be most apparent in Fevers? Yet notwithstanding, the same senseless Method, and frustraneous Remedies, are still continued, without any considerable Alterations, the poor broiled Patient by their confident and deceitful Insinuations gulled of his Money, and Life in the Bargain; for in no Distemper doth the false Art of Physic adduce lesle Benefit, and greater Detriment, than in this; and since the first Impression of this Conclave, they are generally so plainly convinced of their kill Errors, in giving the jesuits Bark in continual and remitting Fevers, as they term them, that the same men do now openly assert it to be destructive in all such Fevers; but who shall expiate their past Crimes, in murdering so many Persons of all Ranks and Qualities by it? Let's also put their other Methods to the Test, where commonly the first great Remedy advised is Bleeding, which they say is to abate Plenitude, (Plethora ad vires at lest) but what Plenitude can there be supposed a day or two before the Patient dies, at which time I have known 'em to prescribe Phlebotomy, even on the same day the Sick expired? Others affirm, they bleed to cool the Body, which without dispute it doth, but how, they know not; though Riolan, with the rest of his French Physicians, asserts Bleeding to refrigerate in Fevers, by quickening the Circulation, which running ofter about, doth expel those hot Steems and Evaporations in greater abundance; but than this being too frequently repeated, drives out the vital Spirits, drawing Death at their heels, especially in Cases of Malignity; whence it appears, though moderate Bleeding is very proper and advantageous, yet they have not sense enough to tell you how. The next Design is to prescribe Diaphoretick Juleps, Bolus', Drops, and Powders, to expel the Cause of the Fever by Sweat. How pernicious this is, you shall understand by the sequel. Observe than, that Nature seldom throws of any morbifique Matter by beneficial (or critical) Sweats, unless it be first digested or subdued, and afterwards separated, at which time Sweats are proper, and Nature being debilitated, requires assistance from suitable Sudorificks; on the other hand, while Humours are in an high Ebullition and Combustion, to exhibit hot inflaming Sudorificks, (which go under the Name of Cordials) is to make an addition to the Inflammation, absorb that little mositure that's mixed with the Blood, and augment all the febril Symptoms; for it's more easy to force Water out of a Flint, than to promote Sweat in some burning feverish Patients; and if you should, it must be with vast detriment, for no febril Matter (as I hinted before) is carried of before Digestion and Separation. Thus you may behold the Ignorance of Physicians. The last Remedy is Blistering, by which is intended the attracting the Malignity to the Circumference, which also doth seldom succeed, unless the Ebullition be somewhat abated, and that is usually towards the latter end; so that if applied in the beginning, as I have known some have done, it doth occasion the same Mischiefs, the fore mentioned Sudorificks caused. Among a multitude, I will give you one Instance of a Person of Quality, labouring under a mild sort of remitting Fever, against which I advised bleeding in the Arm, an antifebril Decoction for ordinary Drink, and specific Draughts against the Paroxysms. These answered expectation, in reducing the Distemper to a considerable abatement, insomuch that on the third or fourth day, the Lady was about her Chamber, and had her Menstrua come down upon her, flowing after their usual manner; all very good Signs: but it happened, that a Person of Honour related to the Patient, out of care and tenderness towards her, was desirous her own Physician should be sent for next morning early, who appearing there, thought it necessary to do something, and therefore caused Epispastick or blistering Plasters to be applied to the Arms and Neck; I coming two hours after, found the Plasters on, and was told, I must meet in the evening to consult with the other Doctor, in vogue a very great Physician I assure you; but I replied, The Consultation aught to have been before the Application of the Blisterers, and therefore it was too late, for they had already given the fatal Blow, for which Reason I desired to be excused, leaving withal a very ill Prognostic. By night her Menses were totally suppressed, and a Metastasis humorum was occasioned to the Brain, whence a very enormous Delirium, or Raving, was caused; for the Cantharideses had altered the figure of the particles of the Blood, whereby the motion of Nature was inverted. Next morning I was sent for again very early, but than I positively refused coming. In the afternoon, to retrieve the Error, she was ordered to bleed out of the Foot, but to little purpose; for Nature once become irregular in Motion, is not easily reduced. The Medicines prescribed by the Doctor abovementioned, were these following.  
Aug. 2. Persistat in usu pulveris Cardiaci, julapii, & Emulsionis, addendo aquae Scord. comp. ℥ iii sumantur ut prius.  
Applicentur Empl. vesicat. satis larga & acria internis brachiis & nuchae.  
℞. Aq. paralys ℥ iiss. Epidem. ʒii. Syr. e mecon. ʒvi. misce, sumat hac nocte hora somni post pull. Card. praescriptum.  
℞. Spir. sal. dulc. ʒiii. sumat gut. x. vel plures in singul. haust. potus ordinarii.  
Aug. 3. ℞. Decoct. come. pro Clystere lb i syr. Violar. ℥ iii Elect. lenit. ℥ i Injiciatur hora quarta pomeridiana.  
℞. Tamarind. ℥ i ras. c. cer. ʒii. fol.— m. two. coq. in Aq. hoard. s. q. ad lb iss. Colaturae per subsidentiam depuratae adde aq. Scord. comp. ℥ two. syr. rub. idaei ℥ i syr. Garyoph. ℥ iss. Bibat ℥ iv. hora quaque tertia vel quarta.  
Repetatur haust us hyppot. heri praescriptus, sumat hac nocte.  
℞. Spir. c. cer. ℥ ss. sumat gut. xv. bis in die vel saepius in cochl. iv. julap. cardiaci.  
Aug. 4. The above-meant Doctor finding he had lost a great deal of ground, since his entering into Commission of Oyer & Terminer, for so indeed it proved, humbly prayed one of his Brethrens might be called in, not so much for assistance, as confirming and ratifying of all what had been acted by him, that so he might make his Exit of this tragical Stage, without stain of Blood or Reputation: Wherhfore these under-written Prescriptions were couched by both their Headpieces.  
Applicetur Empl. vesicat. satis largum & acre nuchae.  
℞. Aq. ceras. nigr. ℥ vi. aq. Protheriacal. ℥ two. poeon. comp. Bryon. comp. Tinct. succin. an. ℥ i syr. Garyoph. e succo citri an. ℥ i m. f. julapium, sumat cochl. vi. alternis horis.  
℞. Aq. Rutae, paralies. an. ℥ iv. Cinam. hoard. ℥ iss. marg. pr. ʒii. Sacch. christ. ʒvi. m. sumat cochl. vi. alternis horis.  
℞. Spir. sal. armoniac. succinat. ℥ ss. sumat gut. xx. hora quaque quarta in cochl. iii julapii praescripti.  
Abscindatur capillitium, & applic. Cataplasm. e fermento panis & succino praep. Ad. s. q. aceti & tincture. Succini.  
Aug. 4. Applicentur statim cucurbitulae amplae, umbilico una, & duae regioni diaphragm. & postea femoribus.  
℞. Aq. Ceras. nigr. ℥ vi. Epidem. cinam. hoard. an. ℥ i marg. pr. ʒiss. sacch. Chryst. ʒii. f. julapium. Sumat cochl. iv. singulis vel alternis horis.  
℞. Aq. epidem. ℥ vi. syr. caryoph. e suc. citr. an. ℥ ss. misce. Sumat cochl. two. vel three alternis vicibus cum priori.  
℞. Decoct. come. pro Clyst. lb i. mel. mercur. sacchar. rubr. an. ℥ two. tincture. succin. ℥ ss. spec. hier. ʒi. f. Enema injiciatur quam primum. Mortua est; or a pro nobis.  
3. The cordial Powder, Julep, and Emulsion, prescribed by me, were on Aug. 2. thought fit by the Doctor to be continued, though the day before I had countermanded the use of them, and advised only the continuation of my first Apozem, and the Draughts, to which I imputed the chief part of my success. But than I had a cramp Question put to me; What, will you let her die for want of a Cordial? To which was replied, There was no occasion for one, and where Nature was employed in any beneficial Evacuation, (as in our case of Menstruation) she was not to be molested by multiplicity of Medicines, jest she might be irritated, or impeded by something in them, which might be contrary, and cannot always be discerned by a Physician; for in all Persons there is an Idiosynorasia. But as I said before, the great mischief was perpetrated by the Blisters, in which they were signally seconded by the two Hypnoticks, taken the same night, and the night following; for it's a Maxim, That Narcoticks do suppress all Evacuations, excepting Sweeting, which throwing out through the Pores, doth necessarily make a revulsion of the Menstrua, as it doth the Urine; for he that sweats much, makes little Water.  
Aug. 3. A purgative clyster must needs be forced upon the unfortunate Patient, which I should have most strenuously opposed, nothing adding more to a febril Ebullition than a Purgative, raking up a Mud also, which otherwise might have continued dormant. Monsieur le Medecin. finding no great Feats by his acid spirit of Salt, imitates the Doctor of Contraries, in experimenting the stinking alcalious Spirits of Hartshorn, with no better success. Therefore perceiving, that Nature was grown sullen, and would not be pulled or halled, neither one way nor other, concluded it to be high time, to provide for his Reputation, and call in one of his own choosing, that should hid his errors, as probably he had done reciprocally for tother. Now let's see, how both pull at the Bell-rope. The Vesicatories are commanded to be applied, which operated not more, than if they had been stuck to one of the Bedposts, for the Reasons I have already given you before; so that consequently by them the Ebullition was raised yet higher; and now the grim Gentleman with his Sith doth begin to appear at the Door, for there was a very great oppression of Respiration, and the Breath fetched thick and panting, (an infallible sign of Death in Fevers) which symptom is endeavoured to be resisted by the Spir. salis armoniac. and the Antihysterick Julep, supposing the cause to be uterin Vapours, that in their erroneous opinion was judged not only to infested the Lungs, but the Brain also, whence proceeded that vacillation of Mind, little Cramps all over, and (which is a species also of Convulsion) a subsultus tendinum. Wherhfore in respect of the affectus Cerebri & totius generis Nervosi, there was Aq. Poeon. comp. and Tinct. Succini added to the Julep; and to second this great Work, the Hair was to be cut of, to give vent to those uterin Evaporations; also an attractive Cataplasm to draw 'em out by force. Notwithstanding all this Clutter, those symptoms increased, which spurred on our two associated Physicians in applying Cupping glasses, hoping to intercept the Vapours, and to pull 'em out by the middle, before they mounted up higher. That which encouraged 'em to this hare-brained Advice, was, that the assistant Physician had often been present with me, where I advised the application of Cupping-glasses to a Person of Honour, who being sometimes surprised with stifling, syncopal and convulsive Fits, as if he had been upon the moment of Departure, was ever instantly relieved, as if by Miracle, through the use of Cupping-glasses; but than it's to be conceived, these Fits were certainly occasioned, by venomous Steems flying up; whereas in the Case forementioned, those symptoms were erroneously apprehended only for symptoms of the Disease, which in effect were also symptoms of Death, occasioned by Blood copiously thrown into the Lungs, and now beginning to corrupt and stagnate. Moreoever, to apply Cupping-glasses to the region of the Diaphragm, which is the chief Instrument of Respiration, what was this, but wholly to put a stop to its motion, and stifle the Patient upon the Spot? And how could these Cups have been applied to the Navel and Thighs of a Lady, without the greatest breach of Modesty. Certainly most Physicians as they are mere Brutes, so they are the most ignorant of Mankind. Lastly, To give the Patient Le coup de grace, they 'cause a smart irritating clyster to be infused into her Guts, and what's most senseless, mixing therewith Tincture of Amber; as if the Fundament with a Medicine applied to it, were a proper place to cure the Brain; or the Forehead, to cure Corns of the Toes. And since a Patient is at the last gasp, and on the point expiring, were it not better to suffer her to departed quietly, than to kill her? But that too often happens through want of judgement to discern, whether the symptoms be symptoms of the Disease, or symptoms of Death.   

CHAP IX.  
Fevers and other Distempers explained, and cured by new Principles  
1. IT has been hitherto the opinion of Physicians, that a preternatural Heat dispersed throughout the whole Body, and continued to some space of time, is a Fever, and the cause of all the Symptoms attending; as quick Pulse, high Urine, immoderate Thirst, etc. and thence their curative Indication is cooling by Bleeding, cooling Juleps, Purging, and Diaphoreticks, and these very seldom answering expectation. Now let us but change, or transfer the Notion, and State, that violent Pulsation is the cause (mediate or immediate) of all Symptoms, that accompany a Fever, we shall soon discover many Truths, and be capable to give a clear Resolve of the great number of Doubts and Difficulties, that arise in Fevers; also be furnished with curative Indications, whence greater success may be expected, than commonly attends the vain Endeavours of Conclave Associates.  
2. To pass by all profounder Philosophy than Sense, let us only suppose, violent local Motion is the cause of Heat and Burning, witness the rubbing of two hard Sticks one against another, so long until they take Fire, as the Indians do for want of a Tinderbox, when they intent to make a Roast; likewise a Wheel by its violent motion about the Axletree, doth easily take Fire, unless prevented by greasing.  
The Heart than being stimulated by heterogeneous Particles, and aculeous Salts of various Figures, is incited to quicker and more forcible Motion or Pulsation, whereby the Blood being wheeled quicker and stronger round than naturally, doth soon beget a greater proportion of Heat, which by continuation, and a stronger motion, is suddenly advanced to a higher degree of heat, that inflaming the bituminous and sulphurous parts of the Blood, doth easily kindle them into violent Flames, which than is to be called a Fever.  
3. That which advances the Blood and Spirits to a higher degree of Heat, is the sluggish or slow motion of the Blood in the Veins▪ caused by too great a plenitude, whereby the Veins being crammed up, must necessarily impede it in its motion. Now the Heart upon those smart Irritations moves faster and violenter, throwing the arterial Blood with a fuller stream into the Veins, than they can possibly carry it back to the Heart, which causeth the Heart and Arteries to beaten stronger, or rather violenter than before; because it meets with resistance, namely, the crammed Blood, that will not, or cannot move so easily forward as formerly, from which violenter local motion, the Heat must necessarily be extremely intended, like unto a Hammer, that striking on a Nail, or any thing that's hard enough to make resistance, grows hot upon a few strokes, whereas striking a twelvemonth together on a Featherbed, shall not contract the lest warmth. Whence observe, that the thumping or strong Pulsations sick People perceive in their Heads in Fevers, are only occasioned by the carotidal Arteries, raised to a higher and more forcible Pulsation, by the resistance it finds in striking forward the Blood, that is thrown into the Sinus' of the Dura mater.  
4. Besides the plenitude, or cramming up of the Veins with Blood, there is another cause of the retardation and unaptness for motion in the Blood, which is its separation into grosser and thinner, heavier and lighter, bituminous and salin-mercurial parts, occasioned by the continual quick and violent motion of the Blood, in manner not unlike Milk, separating into Butter and thin Milk, by being violently moved in a Chairn. Hence it is, that Blood let out by Phlebotomy in a Fever, appears of various Colours and Consistencies, which heretofore and still is by most Physicians called putrefied Blood.  
5. The Blood being thus separated into various parts, the bituminous Particles being very inflammable, become a Fuel to the febril Fire, and the salin-mercurial parts turn acid, which in passing the Heart, do yet more forcibly stimulate it to violent motion. Besides this universal motion caused by the pulsation of the Heart, there is another in the Blood itself, which may very aptly be termed an Ebullition, or rather Orgasmus, caused by the combat of its alcalious and acid Salts; for none but a Madman would call this a Fermentation: neither are you to judge two motions improper to the Blood, since the one is as it were ab extra, the other ab intra.  
6. As the Circulation of the Blood was the most easy to be found out, so might the manner and ways of it, which notwithstanding hitherto have lain asleep, though this could scarce have happened, unless among such, as are greater Blockheads than common Seamen.  
7. How have they strained to make their Marks to bear, by declaring that the Blood passeth out of the Arteries into the Veins, by their Anastomosis, or Inosculation into each other, which is impossible; for were it so, the constant pulsation of the Arteries would by the continual forcible motion so widen the mouths of the Veins, whereinto they are inosculated, that they would either burst, or 'cause a Varix. Moreover, where they have pretended an Inosculation, from the nearness of the Arteries to the Vein, upon a narrower search and enquiry, they have been found divisible. And if an Anastomosis were allowable, they must be found in all parts of the Body, where the Blood circulates. Besides, in the Dura mater, where there is so great a Circulation, there aught to be anastomosis beyond any other parts, and yet there is not a Vein to be seen near the Sinus', but at some considerable distance.  
8. Since this manner of passage could not well be squared, to answer all Objections, they take their refuge to the Pores, which are insensible passages, that are supposed to be throughout the whole Body. This indeed is explaining the Circulation per coecos ductus, and qualitates conultas, their old asylus ignor antiae. But that being granted, the Blood being extra vasa, why doth it not putrefy, according to the Dictates of Galen? Here they seem to boggle and stumble, being willing to pass over the Matter in silence.  
9 Not to detain you longer with these Impertinencies, you may suppose the Musculs, Veins, Arteries, Nerves, Membranes, the Cutis (which is no other than a Membrane) Bowels, Glanduls, and most, if not all the parts of the Body, to be fibrous, or to be made up, and consist wholly of a complication of Fibers, of various figures, and variously disposed or placed, whence the whole Body may well be termed a Texture. These forementioned parts being dried in the Sun, upon laceration, or other separation of them, or being inspected through a Microscope, their Fibres do plainly appear, which by the Eye are also manifestly perceived, like the Hairs of the Head, to be hollow, and perforated with a Trunk in the middle, whence minute branches are dispersed to the Circumference. So that it is not to be doubted, but the Blood circulates, and passes out of Arteries, through those small Trunks of the Fibres, to the Veins, having a capillar Artery and Vein inserted, or rather inosculated into them, the Trunks being destined for transmission of the Blood, and the minute Branches for conveying nutriment to their minimal Particles. All tumors, Pustles, and Discolorations, are occasioned by Blood, stagnating in the hollow of the Fibres, which being become gross and thick, is uncapable of passing into the capillar Veins, yet notwithstanding the pulsation of the Arteries propelling it forward, must necessarily than elevate the Blood stagnating in the Fibres into a Tumour, Pustle, or Discolouration, according to the proportion of what doth stagnate. The Heat that accompanieth some tumors before, and in Maturation, is caused by violent pulsation of the Arteries, meeting with resistance, as I have already told you. The external Pores of the Skin are the terminations of the Fibres of the Cutis, through which the virtue of Medicines externally applied pass into the capillar Veins, and so into the Body; for as I have instanced before, there is a communication between all the Fibres, Veins, and Arteries.  
10, Though from these Notions I could desume Matter enough to expatiate into a large Volume, (by deriving thence the various kinds of continual and intermittent Fevers) I judge it at present unnecessary, leaving the further Search to those ignorant lazy Drones that are called Conclave-Physicians.  
The practical use of these Theorems is such, that the greatest Difficulties in Physic may be thereby easily resolved, which hitherto have only been controverted without any satisfactory Decision. As first; Whether Phlebotomy (or Bleeding) in continual, and in some intermittent Fevers, aught to be celebrated? The whole Herd of Conclave-Physicians unanimously declare, it is the great Remedy for Cooling, and no doubt it is; for being often repeated, it will infallibly tender the Patient as cold as Marble, as I can testify by several of their unhappy Practices; but how? certainly by tapping of he Spirits together with the Blood, which are the efficient cause of Heat: consequently bleed a man too often or too much, and you will kill him. It's replied, In Fevers there is a preternatural Heat, occasioned by the too great abundance of vital Spirits, or at lest by the great fury they are in, and therefore they are to be tamed and diminished. I answer, The same Reason will hold, to indicate Bleeding, until the Patient be dead; for being always in a feverish Heat, until he expires, you should by the same standard bleed, until the last hour: but the Consequence is false; for no man aught to be murdered by Bleeding; Therefore. Another false Position encourages these Idiots to Bleeding, viz. That in all Fevers there is a Plethora ad vires, that is to say, there are more Humours than Nature can manage, insomuch that they are become a burden, whereof she aught to be alleviated by Bleeding. This Argument resembles the other; because almost in all Diseases there are more Humours than Nature can manage, even in pulmonick Consumptions, and at the moment of death in Fevers; for a pound weight of Skin is too much for a dying Patient to bear, and would you therefore flay him?  
11. Being a Physician to a Nobleman, that had laboured two months under a chronical Distemper, sometimes complicated with a symptomatick Fever, that would continued a day or two; another Physician of great Note was by a Stranger imposed upon me, to consult with. He had not sooner examined the Patient, and felt his Pulse, but comes to me with a Question in his mouth, Why did I not bleed my Lord? I answered, in the beginning of the Distemper I had caused him to be blooded several times; but at present his Lordship having by a thin spare Diet been kept very low for several weeks, I saw no occasion there was for it. He cried out again, Bleed him, bleed him; I demanded, for what? T' other replied, To take of his Fever, it will cool him; but being asked how, it graveled him. In short, I concluded with an hypothetick Assent, If you please to kill the Patient, you may bleed him, and I will leave him to you. After him several other Physicians were introduced, who reported publicly, the Patient would die; and some, that he was dead: yet after all this, the Nobleman was cured by me, and continueth in a good state of Health. By the way you are to understand, this happened at Paris.  
Thus you see, what Measures Conclave-Physicians take for Bleeding, whereas an Empirick, that doth not pretend to rational Indications, would have given me much better satisfaction.  
12. To return to my Theme: We are not to call that a Plethora ad vires, where a Patient hath been blooded once or twice, and has abstained from all Food, but thin Spoon-meat; certainly it would be a madness to say, a macerated Carcase has too much Blood in his Veins, that are fallen flat, and scarce to be seen; neither can they always pretend Revulsion, or Derivation, where there is no urgent Symptom.  
13. It is in Fevers, and in all other Distempers where Bleeding is necessary, you may be safely directed and guided by the Theorems I have proposed to you: for supposing a man attacked by a continual Fever, (which being an universal Distemper, whereby more are brought to their untimely end, than by any other Disease, I do the rather make choice of for an Instance) the Blood moving too slow in the Veins in the beginning, occasions a violent pulsation in the Arteries, whence arises a preternatural Heat; here Bleeding is necessarily indicated, upon which immediately follows a more free Circulation, and consequently an abatement of the preternatural Heat, and other Symptoms; also a freer Transpiration, by the depletion of the Fibres. But in some space of time, the Pulsation being spurred on again, by the motion of the Blood ab intra, (as I have said before) the violent Heat and other Symptoms return, and therefore in many a second Bleedieg is indicated, and sometimes a third, though in most once or twice opening a Vein doth suffice in cold Climates, according to the fullness of the Vessels. Having answered the first Indication, taken from the violent motion ab extra, the next is to be desumed from the preternatural motion of intra, which is to be quieted, by subduing the foreign and heterogeneous Salts in the Blood; but not by a nonsensical Aqua epidemica, or a stinking Spiritus cornu cervi, or earthly Powders; as Crabs eyes, Bezoar, Hartshorn, etc. among all which Muscle-shells challenge the pre-eminence. Some little good they may contribute; but towards the curing of a violent or malignant Fever, they bear no more proportion, than a Mouse towards the removing a Mountain: and if a man doth sometimes conquer such a violent Distemper, impute the Victory rather to the strength of Nature in the Patient, than such feeble Medicines. I know your Curiosity will demand, what Remedies they are, that are virtuated with a power to effect so great a Work. I answer, That the Materia medica, whereout they are to be prepared; you see one sort every day, if you look but a little beyond your Nose, you need not grub for it in the depth; another you tread upon; and a third is as common in your Mouth, as the Bread you eat: what they are further, I shall never discover publicly, nor commit their Preparation to any Apothecary; for it's not fit such Medicines should be abused by every Conclave-Physician.  
14. The Delirium, that so often survenes on Fevers, has its source from Blood, that's too copiously thrown out of the carotidal Arteries into the Sinus' of the Crassa meninx, and the veins of the Brain, which by exciting a preternatural Heat, subverts the temperament of the Brain. The truth hereof appears, by the Remedies I have used on such occasions, which in half an hours time have reduced the Patients to their right Reason, by no other manner of operating, than by causing a free Circulation in the Brain.  
Why a sudden Fright, or other violent Passion, doth sometimes in Bodies predisposed produce a Fever, is not explicable by the common Principles; whereas the application of this easy Notion, I have now delivered, renders it most evident, viz. by causing a quick Pulsation.  
15. It is also most manifest, that those who exhibit strong Sudorificks, and hot burning Cordials, as Aq. epidem. spir. corn. cerv. etc. in the beginning of Fevers, are culpable of male practice, in regard they accelerate Pulsation, before the Veins are discharged by Phlebotomy, to give the arterial Blood a free passage.  
In many other Diseases we shall found the use of those Theorems great, though in some you must be furnished with another of greater importance than the former; particularly in a pulmonick Consumption, and in an internal Rheumatism, a Distemper first so named and discovered by me in my Treatise of the Scurvy, where you may read its Symptoms; to which I will only add this Observation, That I have known it to surprise Women, upon a suppression or stopping of their Fluor albus by improper Medicines.  
This Fluor albus is either thin, saline, and limpid, or thick, cloudy, and mucous; and either is putrid and fetid, or imputrid. It is the suppression of the former, and by a Metastasis thrown upon the Bowels, causes most dismal shrieking pains in the Guts, Stomach, or other Entrails, and often accompanied with Vomitings. If at any time palliated, it's very apt upon some Interval to return. Whence is to be remarked, of how dangerous a consequence an improper Cure may prove, not seldom costing the Patiented her life; especially since Conclave-Physicians are wholly ignorant of Remedies against such internal Rheumatisms.   

CHAP. X.  
Of a most Tragical Case.  
1. FRom the most brutal Barbarian, compassion doth emanate towards Infants and Children, but not the lest Spark from the Tartar, a Physician so charactered by some fanatics, from an imaginary resemblance to an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. They termed him all Castiliano, Sotos & Devotos, the Stars being often still remaining in the Hemisphere, when he without intermission of the coldest morning never fails to show himself in a most humble prostration, in the Basilica, to all those, whom by that Argument he hopes to convince to be his Patients, whether sick or well; and how some are like to be managed, this subsequent Narrative will inform us. It was a continual Fever, had seized on the Daughter of a Chevalier, who kept his ordinary Residence at a certain Village, distant from Paris few miles, though the Decumbiture of the tender Patient happened to be, at a Relations House at Charenton, up the River Seyne four miles, or two by Land. She had lived ten October's, but could not pass the eleventh of the year, etc. If you consider the liveliness of her Features, or pregnancy of Wit, from which her Parents could not but be extremely happy in their future expectation, you must imagine, their chiefest care did centre in the choice of a grave, pious, experienced, and learned Physician, who by his most diligent and watchful Attendance, might be capable to encounter the feverish Distemper, which in plain Terms did not appear in the lest fierce, or malignant, unless an ordinary Headache could tender it such. The Herculean Remedy was jesuits Bark, steeped in small Beer, (such hellish bitter stuff, as they brew about Paris) and this to be used (pro Potu ordinario) as often as she was a dry. For a revulsion of those vellicating Steams, that mounted up to the Brain, a potent Attractive of some dry resiny Powder, one degree above Sawdust, was applied to the Sols of her Feet; but how the notion of this kind of Attraction accords with Pulsion, now wholly in fashion, I am to seek. The success of these Administrations was great; for the Distemper did not accrue in the lest grain, though the continuance did throw Monsieur le Docteur on another Phaenomenon, representing it might probably be a verminous Fever, and therein the Doctor and the Lady, Mother of the Patient, both jumped in opinion; for I never knew a Woman contradict Worms in Children, though they complained only of Corns on their Toes. This was a sufficient warrant, to animate the Medico, to a Prescription of eight grains of Mercurius dulcis, and six of Diagryd, which was confessed, though possibly it might be ten or twelve grains of Mercury; for the Bill was either taken of the File, or Direction given verbally. Upon two or three days Interval, a Repetatur of Mercury was ordered, to enforce the former, and produce those potent efects, for which a single Doses was incapable, And to the intent the poor little Sufferer might arrive with greater speed, to the happy Port of Health, the jesuits Bark was still to be continued for her ordinary Drink. Now who would have thought, but that swift Mercury, agitating the Peruvian Bark, would soon have wafted this deplorable Passenger, to the Cape of Good hope? The truth is, Mercury was too boisterous, linking the Indian Bark, before she was got half Seas over; for soon after the last Dose, the Sufferer's Mouth and Face began to swell, her Throat to be sore, her Breath to stink, Teeth to loosen, Spittle to ouse plentifully from her Lips, Drought, Heat, difficulty of Respiration, furring of the Tongue, and all other Symptoms to duplicate; for here was a great Drought and Heat occasioned by the Fever, and a far greater Drought and Heat added and caused by the Mercurial salivation, which daily (as is usual) increased, insomuch that here was fifteen or sixteen clothes wetted in four an twenty hours. This duplication of Causes and Symptoms, concentrating chief about the Throat and Mouth, made such eating and painful Ulcers, that a Gangrene ensued. Consider what a miserable spectacle this was for the worthy Parents and Friends to behold; she being passionately beloved by all that knew her. The Groans, Shrieks, Outcries, and Signs, were inexpressibly piercing. It was high time to expel Sotos and Devotos, and call for one that should bring Help from the Stars, (she being passed all sublunary Assistance) who proved to be an Apothecary Doctorated, and honorated, an immense ginger, and wonderfully well acquainted with the Celestial Inhabitants. But alas good Man! as the Scheam represented here, his chiefest Aid consisted in pitying the Patient, bringing tidings of Death, and recommending an excellent Surgeon, whose Inspection immediately discovered a Gangrene in the Mouth, which by him being cut out, the Bone appeared bore to view. En fin, God Almighty out of his infinite mercy and goodness, was pleased to release her Innocent Soul, from her macerated, tortured, and lacerated Body, and take her to himself. I do not question, but in the Scheam erected by the forementioned Astrologue, Mercury was the Ascendent and Horoscope, looking with a jealous eye on Dame Luna, in Copulation with old Saturn in the eighth House, and Mars the fiery Stallion (the cause of the Fever no doubt) embracing the other Whore Venus in the sixth; a very Bawdy-house, not lesle than the eighth. Mercury being in Capricorn, the House of Saturn, a most malevolent Planet, and spying this old doting Fornicator, cour●ing of his Mistress, was resolved at that moment in revenge of the inconstant she-Planet, to destroy all Womenkind, that, was under the power of his Influence; so that the Astro-Doctor might very well say, Mercury killed the Patient, and it was impossibe, the face of Heavens appearing so full of Frowns, for any Female to escape, and consequently that his Brother Doctor was not to blame.  
Leaving remote Causes, it's not immaterial to calculate such as are nearer and immediate; but before I enter further into the Merits of this Cause, give me leave to ask a question in earnest; Did Quicksilver or the Fever kill the Patient? you may possibly answer the Question, by ask another, viz. supposing a man in an high Fever, and on the ninth day, his Wife to quit scores, gives him a gentle Pat with a Mallet, on the side of his Head; did the Fever kill him, for it was on the ninth day; or the Mallet? The Learned in the Law will unanimously answer you, It was the Mallet; Ergo, it was the Quicksilver. But how.? upon that I will serve you by and by. Would not the Jesuits Bark alone, without the Mercury, have given the Patiented her last Dispatches, being exhibited in a continual Fever? The first Part of the Conclave doth plainly demonstrate the Affirmative. Lastly, The Jesuits Bark, and Mercury sublimate dulcifyed, being both kill Medicines in the precedent Case, which of 'em did the last execution? I told you already, the Mallet; though beyond all peradventure had only the Bark or Mercury singly be offered, the error of either of 'em might have been retrievable. I confess of the two, the prescribing of the Bark was the most preposterous; for had Mercury been directed with a gentle Purgative, to carry it of, in a verminous Fever, (caeteris indicantibus) it would have been very practicable; but this had only the appearance of an ordinary autumnal Fever, contracted by living in a Waterish Air▪ near a great River, upon the precedence of a hot Sulphurous Summer, the Cure whereof aught to have been performed by Method and Remedies, not yet arrived to Sotos, or his brethren's knowledge.  
Next, let's enumerate the Errors committed in this case; First, the exhibition of the Bark in a continual Fever. Secondly, Advising a violent scammoniat Purgative, in a continual Fever, which must necessarily hinder the digestion of Humours, rake up a Mud, that lay dormant, occasion a new Inflammation and Orgasmus, and reduce the Blood to a greater Crudity, than at the first kindling of the Fever. Thirdly, The mixing of Mercurius dulcis with Scammony, instead of some gentle laxative Electuary, that would have entangled the Mercury, and slipped easily through the Guts, carrying the Mercury clear of with it; whereas Scammony before it comes to purge, raiseth an high Ebullition, whereby the Mercurial Particles are dispersed throughout the Body, and lodged in the Glanduls and Pores of the tenacious Lympha, which the Stools afterwards provoked by the Scammony, do not carry of; so that Sotos was extremely mistaken, if for his excuse he pleads, he gave Mercury with a strong Purgative, to throw it of. Fourthly. The Capital error of all is, the exhibiting of Mercury upon, and with the jesuits Bark, a most potent Adstringent retaining and binding the Mercury within the Body, stopping all its Avenues and Outlets, so as there can be no discharge or vent by Stool, Urine or Sweat: but Mercury, a flying Dragon, or mineral Mastif, being thus penned, locked in, and provoked, will not stick to take a Patient by the Throat, tearing and worrying those parts, until he is strangled; and what is more, the Humours by being locked up by the jesuits Bark, were become extremely inflamed, acrimonious, and malignant. No wonder, if being forced up to the Throat by Mercury, they thus lacerated, devoured, and gangrened those most tender Glanduls. After all, as a Merchant upon a great loss at Sea, or otherwise, doth next day appear more gay and in greater gallantry than ever, to convince his Dealers, that the Report is false, or at lest that his loss is lesle to him than a Flea by't; though it breaks his Back within a week after, that is, as soon as he has taken up of his Creditors to the full proportion of his Credit: even so this great Doctor, without the lest resentment of the Misfortune, assumed a brisker humour, and made a greater appearance among his Brethrens of the Faculty, and in all public Places, than before, as if he accused the Friends of the deceased of Ingratitude, for throwing him of, that had so faithfully performed his Devoirs, conceiving withal, that time wears of Black into innocent white. Certainit is, his good fortune exceeds that of Vesalius, the great Anatomist, who having sent a Spanish Don to his Ancestors, to testify to his Relations, that an incurable Distemper was Causa mortis, lost no time in dissecting of him; for upon the opening of the Breast, his heart was perceived to palpitate and move; insomuch that the Standards by immediately applied themselves for Justice to the Inquisition, with an Accusation, that Vesalius had barbarously murdered their Kinsman. His Catholic Majesty, by using his utmost Interest with the Inquisitors, at length prevailed to exchange their sentence of Death into penance of a Pilgrimage to jerusalem; in which expedition he died. To return to my Narrative; though I cannot offer the lest Argument in extenuation of so erroneous a Practice; yet it's possible, the Doctor's Apothecary's Apprentice, (to whose negligent care the making up of Medicines is ordinarily committed) might aggravate the Mischief; either by mistaking the weight, wherewith the Mercurius Dulcis was weighed; or by adding three or four grains more than was prescribed; or by making use of Mercury ill prepared; or that which was kept too long, and that probably (as most of 'em do) in a Paper, through the Pores whereof a subtle nitrous Salt is attracted out of the Air, which opening the Body of the Mercury, doth tender it again corrosive; insomuch, that ten grains of such shall raise a Salivation sooner, than three or fourscore grains of Mercurius Dulcis newly, and well prepared.  
FINIS.