Morbus Anglicus: OR, THE ANATOMY OF CONSUMPTIONS. CONTAINING The Nature, Causes, Subject, Progress, Change, Signs, Prognostics, Preservatives; and several Methods of Curing all Consumptions Coughs, and Spitting of Blood. With Remarkable Observations touching the same DISEASES. To which are Added, Some brief Discourses of Melancholy, Madness, and Distraction occasioned by Love. Together with certain new remarks touching the Scurvy and Ulcers of the Lungs.  
The like never before published.  
By GIDEON HARVEY, M. D.  
London, Printed for Nathaniel Brook at the Angel in Cornhill. 1666.   

ADVERTISEMENT TO THE READER.  
LEst my Reader's Fancy should be distempered with that common brain-disease of jealousy, in calling to account the design of the Author, or the contents, and Phrase of his discourse, I shall do him a kindness, and myself right, in praeinforming his judgement to anticipate those too frequent injust censure, both of the one and the other; I mean of Author and treatise. What concerns the design; it's universally known, that many writ out of an itching, or affectation of seeing their names in Print; others out of an interest, or expectation of Praise, preferment, or profit; and but few out of a single and ingenuous intent, to benefit the public, and promote Learning. That vain scope of the first rank is manifestly apparent in the texture of what they expose to view, being tracts, Translated, or Compiled out of several Collections, which at the best deserve no other denomination, than patched or botched pieces Neither can they easily palliate their sordid drift, that disperse Books for their profit, which contain little else, than a rude and imperfect description of what the Title promises, taking only an occasion thence to inform their Reader with one half, and to prompt 'em to repair to the Author to buy the other half; this we see is the ordinary design of many of those Physic Authors, that have of late years thronged into the stage. But being conscious of the sincerity of my own thoughts in that particular, I am very apt believe, there's no ingenious person but will upon the least survey of these Medical remarks construe them designed for public advantage; or else should sooner devote'em to the flame, than his lecture. And to render this Discourse more universal, and accommodated to the meaner capacities, I was desired to explain every hard word and term of Art; whereto I readily yielded, by joining another vulgar word to it in Italique Letters, included in a Parenthesis; which method is only observed in the former part, where the Reader must acquaint himself with the said terms and obsoure words to understand the latter. To those of a more polished intellect that pains will seem needless; and the explications nauseous; However they may without regret pass it by, since in the bulk of the work I have chief endeavoured to gratify them with matters of greater importance, and have omitted such insertions, which generally in other tracts are far more displeasing. In the first place whatever any of the whole Catalogue of Authors Ancient or Modern have writ concerning Consumptions, they will find it plainly digested in a third part only of this Treatise; the remainder I have filled up with very remarkable observations, both Theoretic, and Practical, which I had abstracted from the Diseases of many hundreds in several parts of Europe. Moreover I imagine, I have detected several errors many have and do still harbour touching the nature and Causes of a Consumption; which I have likewise dissected into all its possible kinds or Species. I have been very frank in giving you my own Sentiment of the essence and the various causes of the Disease; and thereunto added the solution of several very necessary queries; and at last set down the most approved methods for preservation and cure, used in Italy, Germany, and France, by the most famous of Hermetical and Dogmatical Physicians. Besides this general dissertation, I have made particular reflections throughout the whole on that sort of Consumption, that's so Endemick to this City; and strictly inquired into those external causes, viz. diet, motion, air, etc. which latter I find to act the greatest part in this Morbifique aggression; as myself can particularly witness; for having passed but a few months within the Walls, I soon apprehended an oppression on my Lungs, which then for my health's sake gave me occasion to make search for the best air about Town, which after a serious consult with my thoughts I concluded to be in Hatton-Garden, whither I immediately transported myself, and do find it the purest and most serene Air that's about the City. This by the way, to give you an instance of the benefit redounding from the change of air, though but to a small distance. Moreover touching the contents of this following Tract, you'll meet with some no vulgar observations on women's Diseases, which since plainly delineated, may bring my modesty into question among such as are unacquainted with discourses 〈◊〉 that nature. To these I have nothing more to say, than that I move within my own Sphere, and have rendered myself in expressions familiar to Physicians. But one point more I must prevent your probable censure in, that having declared the evils of a Spermatick Plethory, my drift is not to exhort any to incontinency, that monster of vice, but to prevent the danger of it by a spare Diet, Devout Lise, or (for the lust and desperate remedy) by Marriage.   

THE ANATOMY OF CONSUMPTIONS.  
The Proem.  
COntingent (accidental) Death seems to be the sole adequate (justly fitting) object of popular Courage; but a necessary and unavoidable coffin strikes paleness into the stoutest heart, and beyond all other swifter terribles, the lazy but sure paces of a Consumption, which we observe oft willingly inclines those to embrace vain pity, whose resolution Fire nor Sword can relax. This so mortal an Enemy to humane life doth the more earnestly implore succour from Charitable Physicians, the ambition to which Character hath wrested these Medical (Physical) pages (leaves) from our lucubrations (night Studies.)   

CHAP. I. Of the Original, Contagion, and frequency of Consumptions.  
IT's a great chance we find, to arrive to ones grave in this English Climate, without a smack of a Consumption, Death's direct door to most English hard Students, Divines, Physicians, Philosophers, deep Lovers, Zelots in Religion, etc. London's Weekly Bills number deep in Consumptions; the same likewise proving inseparable accidents (attendants) to most of the other Diseases; which instances do evidently bring a Consumption under the notion of a Pandemick, or Endemick, or rather a Vernacular Disease (a disease always reigning in a Country) to England; that is a common disease owing its rise to some common external and perennal (lasting all the year) cause of a Country; as a Consumptive Air, or a Consumptive Diet. viz. eating much Flesh, drinking Hoped drink, etc. And beyond this denomination the disease may not improperly be styled Epidemic (popular,) that is, surprising many at a certain season of the year; as we may observe Consumptions to be most raging about the Spring and Fall, according to the dictate of the Divine old man (Hypocrates,) Malum ver tabidis, itemque autumnus. that is, the Spring is bad for Consumptives, and so is the Fall. And considering withal its malignity and catching nature, it may be connumerated (numbered) with the worst of epidemics (popular diseases,) since next to the Plague, Pox, and Leprosy, it yields to none in point of Contagion (catching;) for it's no rare observation here in England, to see a fresh coloured lusty young man yoked to a Consumptive Female (Wife,) and him soon after attending her to the Grave. Moreover nothing we find taints sound Lungs sooner, than inspiring (drawing in) the breath of putrid (stinking and beginning to rot) ulcered, or consumptive Lungs; many having fallen into Consumptions only by smelling the breath or spittle of Consumptives, others by drinking after them; and what is more, by wearing the clothes of Consumptives, though two years after they were left off.  
The disease descending frequently from Consumptive Parents to their Children, speaks it Hereditary (gotten as it were by inheritance from ones Parents,) insomuch that whole Families, sourcing (descended from tabefyed (consumed and dried away) progenitors (ancestors,) have all made their Exits (died) through Consumptions; and in that order and Sympathy of consanguinity (near Relation,) that I have heard of six Brothers Parisians (Inhabitants of Paris) all expired of Consumptions exactly six months one after another. Besides, I have known several, Father and Son, Mother and Daughter, tabefyed (consumed) within Twelve months one of the other.  
Most contagious Maladies (catching diseases) have their Original recorded, the Leprosy in the primitive generation of the Jews, the Pox in the year 1494. the Scurvy in 1495; but the Consumption o'retops them all in antiquity, that questionless being the primitive disease before all others, which in all probability put a period (end) to our Protoplasts (first form) Adam and Eve's days; for they being disseised (turned out) of their most happy seat Paradise, and so far discarded (cast out) out of God's favour, could not but fall into a most dismal, sad, and melancholic drooping, for the loss of their happiness, the occasional cause and forerunner of a Marcour, or drying and withering of their flesh and radical moisture (the deep oily moisture of the parts,) or otherwise they might have Spun the thread of their lives much longer, their principles of life being created in them to extend to an Eval duration (lasting without end.)   

CHAP. II. Of the various acceptions of Consumptions.  
THe common chink, through which errors and erroneous opinions do and have slipped into the Scholastic republic, to the endangering and enfoncing (drowning) of truth, is the too frequent misapprehension of the name of a thing, which being understood in one sense by me, and in another by you, must necessarily occasion us to discrepate (disagree) in the thing itself; and this certainly is the great cause of so many controversies and disputes between the Learned, and such others as are equally balanced in right reason: now were not the misconception of the name various between them, being considered really rational, they could not but agree in the thing itself, or otherwise they could not be estimated both rational. When myself was a Student in the Universities, and oft being desired to oppose ex tempore, did no more than wilfully misapprehend the names of things contained in the question, and upon those false nominal mis-consceptions, could with the greatest ease imaginable perform that task as long as I pleased, and so may you, or any man else. Being now conscious of the great errors and dangers, that may result out of a mis-conception of the names of things, shall so much the more apply my endeavours to a distinct explanation (explaining) of the names of my Subject, which usually are variously understood. Physicians in their Physical discourses, make use of several names, which are all translated into this one word of a Consumption, as if they bore no different significations; such are Phthisis Phthoe, Pie, Tabes, Morbus tabificus, Marcor, Marasmus, a Marcid Fever, an Hectic Fever, and an Atrophia.  
The first denomination, to wit Phthisis, an Athenian word, is generally taken for any kind of an universal diminution (lessening) and colliquation (melting) of the body, which acception its Etymology (derivation) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, to consume, implies; but some are of opinion the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 aught to be written 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with an v, deriving it from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to spit.  
Hypocrates 7. Aph. 16. by Phthisis (Consumption) intends only such a diminution or shrinking of the Body, as follows incurable Ulcers of the Lungs, that are accompanied with a small Fever. Cornelius Celsus applied the word Phthisis to these three Diseases. 1. to an Atrophia, and in that signification did Aristotle also take it, when he wrote in 28. Probl. 1. that Dionysius died of a Phthisis. 2. To an Ulcer of the Lungs. 3. To a Cachexia, or ill habit of body; but the Greek Physicians were wont to call any one 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; i. e. Phthisicus, who was either grown lean only, or who was taken with a proper Phthisis, and consumed away; or who was naturally inclined to a proper Phthisis, namely by having a long Neck, a narrow Chest or Breast, Shoulders sticking out like wings, (whence they named such a one 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, that is, winged) a weak Brain, apt to send down Rheums or Catarrhs, and weak Lungs, that are disposed to receive Rheums and humours from the Brain. Lastly, Phthisis is properly and strictly taken according to Hipp. for a Consumption of the Body, following an incurable Ulcer of the Lungs, and attended with an Hectic Fever.  
Phthoe is likewise an Athenian word, importing a proper Consumption, occasioned by an Ulcer of the Lungs; but Galen 5. Met. 15. by Phthoe intends the spitting of blood.  
Pie is by Aretaeus (lib. 1. de cause. & sign. diut.) used for a proper Consumption.  
Tabes is the Latin word responding (answering) to Phthisis, and implies the same proper and improper significations. Hypocrates makes mention of six sorts of Tabes, or proper Consumptions. viz. first libr. 2. de Morb. he affirms that the body oft wastes by reason of a thick Phlegm, being retained within the Lungs, and there putrefying; according to which sense he writes, that a Distillation in the Lungs is suppurated (turned to matter) in twenty days. 7. Aph. 38. The second he terms a Consumption of the Kidneys. Thirdly, the word Tabes is oft understood by him for a Consumption of the Lungs without being ulcerated, and depending upon a hot and dry Distemper of the Lungs, or an Hectic Fever. Fourthly, by Tabes he doth also conceive a Consumption of the Lungs with an Ulcer and Hectic Fever. Fifthly, lib. 2. de Morb. he inserts another kind of Tabes, which he calls a Tabes Dorsalis, or Consumption of the back. Sixthly, 3. Aph. 10. & 13. he proposes two kinds of Tabes or Consumptions, the one being a wasting of the body, occasioned by any internal cause, the other happening through some Ulcer in the Lungs. Morbus tabisicus is a term expressed by Hypocrates, denoting any kind of Extenuation or Consumption.  
Marcor, five ex aegritudine Senectus, seu ex Morbo Senium, is an extreme diminution or Consumption of the body, following the extinction (quenching) of the Innate (born and bred in us) heat, much like to a tree, that's withered or dried away by excess of heat, or length of time. The said Marcour may likewise be caused by Famine or over abstinence from food. Read Galen lib. the Marcore.  
A Marasmus, imports three significations, viz. 1. A Consumption following a Fever. 2. A Consumption or withering of the body by reason of a natural extinction of the native heat, which commonly happens in those that die of old Age. 3. An extenuation of the body, caused through an immoderate heat and dryness of the parts, which sort is common to young and old folks. A Marasmus is otherwise distinguished into true and false. The former is an equal diminution of all the parts of the body; the latter is an extenuation (shrinking) of a single part only; as, the Stomach and Liver are oft observed to be consumed or withered in those, that die of an Hectic Fever; the like extenuation doth frequently happen to the breast, Mesentery (a thick Skin of the Belly that ties the Guts) Colon, jejunum, (both names of Guts) and Kidnesy; but the Diaphragma (the Midriff, being a thick Musculous Skin that separates the breast from the Belly) is only exempted from a Marasmus, or withering, because that would necessarily intercept the breath, or occasion a Frenzy, before it could arrive to such a dryness. Lastly, a Marcour is either imperfect, tending to a greater withering, which is curable; or perfect, that is an entire wasting of the body, excluding all means of Cure.  
Febris Marasmodes, seu febris marcida, according to Galen lib. the Marcore cap. 5. is an equal withering or drying up of all the parts of the body, it's ordinarily a consequent of a burning colliquative (melting) Fever, whereby the humours, grease, fat, and flesh of the body are melted, and afterwards slow into the capacity (hollow) of the Belly: The softer and moister parts being thus melted away, the Febril (Feverish) heat continuing its adustion (burning) upon the drier fleshy parts, changes into a Marcid Fever, which said parts wasting gradually through an insensible evaporation of their subtler particles, are at length dried up into the hardness and toughness of Leather.  
An Hectic Fever implies a twofold sense. 1. It's taken for any confirmed, fixed, and durable Fever, admitting of no easy cure, or rather a Fever that's grown habitual, in opposition to a Schetical (superficial or movable) Fever, which being but lately arrived is easily expelled, as a Diary or Putrid Fever. 2. It's more generally understood for a Fever in the solid parts, into whose Penetrails (depth) and essential principles insinuating, is there as it were planted or rooted, and consequently proves the most stubborn to Cure of all other Diseases. What is meant by the solid parts and the Essential principles you may know in the next Chapter.  
An Atrophy is by some taken for a diminution of the body, for want of good and laudable nutriment (food,) which being rejected by the parts, must necessarily shrink for want of better nutriture. By others it's understood for a Consumption of the parts of the body, weakly, or depravately (wrongly,) or not at all attracting nutriment, whether it be good or bad, or insufficient in quantity. Lastly, it implies a diminution of the body, happening by reason of some fault in the Excretive (expelling) faculty of the parts, excerning or evacuating more than necessary. Peruse Galen de Sympt. differ. cap. 4. The said Consumption may also be supposed to arrive through fault of the Retentive (retaining) faculty of the parts, not retaining the nutritive (nourishing) humour's long enough. Thus much for differencing those terms, which otherwise might erroneously be taken for one and the same kind of Consumption.   

CHAP. III. Of the Fundamental Principles, or Balsamic Mixture.  
BEfore we make a further inroad into this Treatise, it will be material to acquaint my Reader with the sense of these terms, which we have familiarly made use of throughout this discourse, namely Fundamental or Essential Principles, Essential or Balsamic mixture, Innate heat and Radical or Balsamic moisture: all these though differing in words, import the same signification, as we shall now discover to you. In order to this, you are to take notice, that an Infant in the Womb principally receives its first constitution or generation from the Sperm (or Seed) of its Father, injected (cast into) into the Womb of its Mother, which (to wit the Womb) contributes little else to it, than the earth to the Seed, that's shed or sown in her, namely keeps the Seed close together, that the Spirits may not evaporate (fly out in vapours,) cherishes it by her own Innate (rooted and fixed) and Influent (sent from the heart) heat and spirits, thereby stirring, strengthening, and assisting the spirits of the Seed in the Womb, in forming the parts of the Infant intended; and lastly, transmits' blood to the Seed to give the parts so form an increase. The Seed consisting of a glutinous (glewy) or Balsamic (thick and cleaving like to a Balsam) moisture, and a turgency (fullness) of Spirits, displays itself (being now thus enclosed and stirred in the Womb) into several parts of various (different) figures and shapes, as, into a Heart, Brain, Liver, Spleen, Arms, Legs, etc. These parts being of a very small proportion, as form out of a small quantity of Seed, are no more than Foundation Piles of the ensuing body; which are afterwards to be increased and raised to a greater bulk, by the affluent (flowing to) blood, that's transmitted (sent down) out of the Mother's body through proper Veins and Arteries into the Womb, where it's glued fast to those said foundation (rather fundamental) parts, and soon after assimilated or converted into flesh, and other similar substances, whereby I say every part grows bigger.  
The Ihfant being thus arrived to a competent Mole (bigness,) makes its sally out of the Womb, that's now grown too little to give it any longer harbour; and having thus passed the straits, it's tossed into the wide world, where it has got room enough to grow into its full dimension (measure,) which is performed by the daily ingestion (swallowing down) of milk and other food, that's in a short time after digested into blood which being diffused (spread abroad) through the Arteries and Veins to all the parts of the body, is, as we instanced before, agglutinated (glued) to those upper parts, that were immediately agglutinated to the foundation parts in the Womb: and thus you see the Infant grows bigger out of the Womb, by agglutinating one affllux of blood to another. Upon this premitted illustration it's no hard task to express to you the meaning of Fundamental or Essential Principles, which imply nothing else than the forementioned Foundation parts. So likewise the Essential or Balsamic mixture denotes nothing but the Sperm or Seed, whereof the fundamental parts consist; and it's called Balsamic mixture, because it's a glewy spumous matter, mixed with a great quantity of Plastic spirits (or spirits of the Sperm, that form the shape of the parts in the Womb) into the consistence of a Balsam, and may not improperly be named Essential, from its constituting the essence of the parts. The said Plastic spirits are concomitated (attended) with a powerful heat, which is therefore denominated (named) the Innate heat (or heat born in us,) because it's rooted and fixed in the fundamental parts, and is inseparable from them during life. The Balsamic moisture expresses the glewy spumous matter of the Sperm, which is termed Radical, or the root moisture, because it's the root and foundation of all the parts of the body.  
Finding you thus conducted through a smooth way, we'll instantly open a door, to give you passage to a more abstruse (hidden,) but pleasant speculation, viz. the manner of a proper and improper Consumption, together with the reason of the incurability of the former, and facile (easy) cure of the other. The Sanguine parts, that are superstructed (built) upon the said Spermatick (seedy,) or rather Fundamental parts, out of the continual afflux (flowing to) of blood to them, may per-chance be wasted or diminish one day for want of materials, namely blood, or by reason of some indisposition or fault in the blood; the next day possibly those defects of the blood may be supplied by a copious (plentiful) afflux of good blood, whereby the preceding diminished parts happen to re-increase. Which ebbing and flowing of the parts may in no wise be censured a Consumption, improper or proper. But supposing the forementioned Consumption should prove so durable, as to absorb (dry up) and extenuate (diminish) the said Sanguine parts to an extreme degree, it's evident, that the Fundamental parts must necessarily come into danger; which being once attaqued (forcibly entered upon,) and considerably consumed, the superstructure (or the whole body, that's built upon the Fundamental parts,) must unavoidably fall and come to ruin; which degree of Consumption we term a proper Consumption, as obtaining its seat in the foundation of the body, and admitting for the most part of no cure, or at least a very difficult one. We may appositely (to our purpose) compare this discourse of a proper and improper Consumption to a decaying house, which though decaying or falling away by losing a roof, or a wall, comes in no great danger; but if neglected, the house gins to totter, and continuates its rapture (breach) to the very foundation, which once wasted or endamaged, the house must necessarily fall; and so the case stands with a superficial or improper, and a fundamental or proper Consumption of the body. So that as you'll read in the next ensuing Chapter, it's not every over-fasting, or overlabouring, or Physicking, that renders a man lean, and extenuates his parts, comes within the Sphere of a Consumption, since such an impair is soon rectified again; but as I inserted in the 4. Chapter, it's a durable and somewhat an habitual extenuation (or wasting) of the Sanguine or Fleshy parts, that are not easily reduced to their pristine (old) constitution, by reason of some habitual fault or disease of an Entrail, moving directly to the Fundamental parts, where it may effect a perfect Consumption.   

CHAP. IU. Of the nature of a Consumption in general.  
THe word Consumption being applicable to a proper and improper, or true and Bastard Consumption, requires from us a Generical (general) description, quadrate (fitting) to both. So that a Consumption in that respect, is a counter-natural (against nature) Hectic (deeply fixed) latent (hidden) and equal diminution, extenuation, or rather a wasting of all the parts of the body, notwithstanding the daily ingestion (taking) of food with appetite. Whence appears, that the diminution or wasting of one's flesh in Fevers, is not to be termed a Consumption, because that extenuation is acute, and Schetical (superficial,) that is violently quick, not lasting, and of no difficult cure; whereas in a Consumption the diminution is slow, durable, fixed or habitual, and yielding to no easy cure. Neither can it be reputed a Consumption, where the body is suddenly extenuated by fasting, that being rather a disease of the mind, refusing a timely supply of food to the body. Moreover it's requisite the extenuation (wasting) should be universal, and not of some parts only, as in a Dropsy, where the upper alone do undergo a diminution, and the lower an increase (or swelling;) nor of a single part, in which case it's styled an Atrophy, or withering of a part; as an Atrophy of an Arm, Leg, Toe, or Finger. Lastly, the diminution of parts must be latent (hidden,) not caused by an overlabouring, or want of sleep, or by being over liberal in satisfying women's impertinences, the causes whereof as they are externally obvious, so they imply no Consumption; though indeed there be a manifest shrinking of the flesh, especially in the last instance, viz. excess of Amours 
* venereal sport's.  (lust) which in many we may observe to cause the appearance of a perfect Consumptive, or Hippocratical face, as hollow Eyes, a sharp Nose, shrunk Visage, etc. Insomuch that it's impossible to distinguish them from the last degree of Consumptives, but by their having a livid circle about their Eyes, (a peculiar sign of a goatish extenuation) their Schetical (sudden) leanness, and the absence of an Hectic Fever.  
Many through their extenuation by a course of Physic do oft put a fallacy upon people's fancies, that judge them Consumptive, and particularly those that are Physic for a Clap, whose specific (particular) disposition of body at that time is in a fortnight's Physicking to be reduced to an Hippocratean (shrunk Consumptive) Visage, in such sort, that their acquaintance do usually give them up for lost; but herein their state is differenced from a proper Consumption, that upon their entrance into a course of Physic, they are apt in a very short time to lose their flesh, so as to counterfeit Anatomies, and afterwards upon the least intermission of their Medicines to impinguate (grow fat) to admiration; besides their facile (easy) support of churlish Remedies, which none but Pockifyed Patients could sustain with so small an impair of strength.   

CHAP. V Of the nature of a Proper and True Consumption.  
IN the preceding Chapter, we have set down a description of a Consumption in general, comprehending a Proper or True, and Improper or False Consumption. Our present purpose is to begin with the first, and give you a brief, but plain, explanation thereof. Wherefore note, that Physicians when terming a Disease, (but in their sense it's rather a Symptom) a Consumption, do for the most part intent a Proper Consumption, which we do here describe, To be an habitual (or hectic, confirmed or radicated) slow extenuation against nature; or rather a devouring of the Fleshy and Spermatick parts of the body, through an immediate slow corruption of the Essential mixture, viz. the Radical moisture, and the Innate heat. Whence you may deduct, that ordinary extenuations of a Month or two, more or less, are not to be nominated Proper Consumptions, which relating to the profound Balsamic mixture speak great danger of death, difficulty of cure, and implicitly a long space of time before any such offence against nature can be offered, because of the deep latency (hidden situation) of the substantial principles.  
Consumptive extenuations must be against nature, to exclude natural ones, occasioned through want of food, required to fill up the vacuities (empty spaces between the Pores) of the parts, that happen through their daily dissipation (or dissolution;) but it's rather an Absorbing (sucking up) or devouring of the parts by Corrupting their Fundamentals, whereby every part doth not only shrink, but grows sensibly less in its substance, so as the parts, as far as they are consumed, can never be recovered, or made greater, by reason of the dissolution and corruption of their Fundamental mixture, and the return of their substantial principles into their first elements; unless it were possible to infuse new substantials into them, which to imagine faisible, portends a man to want a grain of his right Reason; and certainly none but such, as pretend to be mere Chemists, would assert, that Potable Gold (aurum potabile, or Gold Chemically reduced to a liquor, or a thin oil, thereby being rendered potable, or sit to be dranck) contains a virtue of recruiting or augmenting Nature's Essentials; which if possible, it's requisite the said Potable Gold should be endued with a capacity of being agglutinated (glued,) and assimilated (converted into a likeness)▪ to the Innate heat and Radical moisture; or at least be virtuated with a power of generating the said essentials out of the humours within the Vessels. The former of these instanced ways is rejected, because it's impossible a mineral (as Gold is) that is inanimate, (dead) and incapable of receiving life, and of another genus (kind,) should be converted into the highest and purest degree of an animate substance, as the Spermatick essentials are; for if minerals are not convertible into another Species, though of the same Genus, much less can they be surmised reducible into a Species of another Genus. Certainly what can not be expected from animated plants, yea Animals (living moving Creatures,) which though belonging to the same Genus are only convertible into flesh and other dissipable parts, but not into Spermatick ones) it's a vanity to look far in dead minerals. Touching the vain effects of Aurum potabile you may read more at large in the second part of my Philosophy Book 1. Chap. 1. Par. 5. In summa, unless it were imaginable to infuse the same animate living Sperm into the substance and penetrails (depth) of the parts, it's ridiculous to expect reparation from any other means; which makes it apparent, that it's more easy to generate a new man, than to repair one, that's partly consumed in his substantials. This by the way; but to return to the explanation of the forestated description: Putrid Fevers depend upon the putrefaction (or a tendance to Corruption) of the blood, whose immediate effect is the corruption of the said nutritive (nourishing) humours, but mediately and swiftly (if tending to death) corrupting the essential principles of the parts; where as in a Proper Consumption the corruption is immediate, and slow. Likewise other Diseases, as Dropsies, Jaundises, Ptisicks, etc. to arrive to the period of life, must necessarily cause a corruption of the essentials, though slow, yet not immediately, but mediately by corrupting the blood.  
Not to be desicient in any thing, that may add to the illustration of the subject of this Chapter, we shall annex Galen's definition of a Simple Tabes, or perfect Consumption; lib. de Tabe. A Consumption is the dying of a living Creature through dryness. This description is generical, extensible to Consumptions of Ulcerated Lungs, and those that attend simple Hectic Fevers; and so far it's agreeing to ours, that it confirms the latter branch, viz. that it's a devouring corruption of the essential mixture, which consisting chief of an oily moisture is corruptible through dissipation, or being dried away, which Galen here intends by dryness, to wit the drying away of the Balsamic moisture. Moreover Galen's Commentators make mention of a two fold dryness, the one concomitated with a heat, which they call a Torrid Tabes; the other with a coldness, termed Ex morbo Senium, when the parts are consumed through extinction of their native heat, and dissipation of their Radical moisture Gal. in the forecited Book subjects all the parts of the body to a simple Consumption or Tabes, excepting the Lungs, which being of a moist and soft temperature seem not at all disposed to suscept any dryness. But on the contrary, it's ordinary for Smiths, Cooks, and others, whose employment is conversant about the Fire, to incur such an extreme dryness of their Lungs, that in the dissection of their Carcases, they appear liker Sponges than moist Lungs; the like observation you'll read below touching the withered Lungs of one Pendarves.   

CHAP. VI Of the nature and kinds of Bastard Consumptions.  
IMproper or Bastard Consumptions are only slow growing extenuations (or wastings) of the fleshy parts, directly moving to a True and Proper Consumption, by reason of some indisposition of the intern parts, humours, and insluent spirits. In proper Consumptions there is a devouring of the Spermatick parts, and essentials, here only of the flesh and humours. So that a Bastard Consumption is curable with ease, because it's no more than a superficial and growing malady, relating to the consumed fleshy parts; but the other implies a very difficult cure, not by restoring the Spermatick parts, (which as we shown in the preceding Chapter is impossible;) but only by stenting and removing the corruption of the forementioned essentials.  
A Bastard Consumption chief comprehends these following. 1. An Hypochondriack Consumption. 2. A Scorbuick Consumption. 3. An Amorous Consumption. 4. A Consumption of Grief. 5. A Studious Consumption. 6. An Apostematick Consumption. 7. A Cancerous Consumption. 8. An Ulcerous Consumption. 9 A Dolorous Consumption. 10. An Aguish Consumption. 11. A Febril Consumption. 12. A Cachectick Consumption. 13. A Verminous Consumption. 14. A Consumption of the Rickets. 15. A Pocky Consumption. 16. A Poisonous Consumption. 17. A Bewitched Consumption. 18. A Consumption of the Back. 19 A Consumption of the Kidneys. 20. A Consumption of the Lungs.  
All these tending to a True Consumption, unless anticipated (prevented) by a mortal acute Disease, do justly come under the notion of Bastard, or growing Consumptions. Neither is't our purpose to treat farther of of these Diseases, than relating to Consumptions, the manner whereof, how they may be conceived to cause such extenuations, we shall succinctly (in short) set down in particular Chapt.   

CHAP. VII. Of an Hypochondriack Consumption.  
AN Hypochondriack Consumption is an extenuation of the fleshy parts, occasioned by an infarction (clogging and over filling,) and obstruction of the Spleen, pnrcreas, mesaraick, and Stomachick Vessels, through melancholy, or gross, dreggish, tartarous humours; whereby it happeneth, the blood is not sufficiently defaecated, or clarified, but remains muddy, and ditchy, which stagnating (standing still without motion) thus for a while turns saltish and acrimonious, offending and perverting the Stomach, Spleen, and Liver in their Offices, a necessary precedent of vitiated (foul) blood, which being rejected by the parts, the body must needs fall away for want of better nutriture (nourishment.) This salin sap of the Vessels for being refused reception of the parts, endues daily a greater ferocity (fierceness,) and declares itself in a more hostile (like an Enemy) manner, by insinuating (piercing) into the profundity (depth) of the parts, and so drying, absorbing (sucking up,) and consuming the Radical moisture and Innate heat, arrives to a Proper Consumption. Add hereunto the continual vigilies (overwaking, or want of sleep,) melancholic, sorry, dull, lingering passions, the said Hypochondriack patiented is precipitated (forced) into, whereby the spirits being rendered dull, stupid, languid (fainting), and suppressed, are deserted (left) incapable of ventilating (breathing) and purifying the blood, and debilitated (weakened) in attracting (drawing) nutriment for the parts, which consequently must whither and shrink. It's no wonder therefore so many melancholics do daily drop into perfect Consumptions, since their praevious (foregoing) indisposition doth so directly tend to an absolute marcour (dryness.  
Among the rest of the Entrails, we have inserted the Spleen the chief seat of this Hypochondriack evil, against which assertion may be objected; that the Spleen rather seems to be superadded for some use, than any public function of defaecating (clarifying,) or engendering blood. The use allotted for it, may be to fill up that empty space, that would be, if the Spleen were wanting, or to transmit heat to the Stomach for to promote digestion, or to serve for a supporter to the Veins and Arteries, that pass through it to several parts of the body. That it's not destined for any absolute necessary function of generating or clarifying the blood, is inferred from that ancient custom, Plautus, Haliabbas and Pliny lib. 11. cap. 37. speak of, where they were wont to burn the Spleen of their foot coursers, that used to run for sport or wagers, and some they would quite cut out their Spleen, to make them run lighter, and render them long wound; because the Spleen is otherwise apt to weigh down the Diaphragma (Midriff,) which is a chief instrument of Respiration. Ro●saeus in his Treatise de Part. Caes. Sect. 4. cap. 5. inserts an observation of several, whose Spleen were cut out; and of another, whose Spleen was quite worn or dried away, and nothing remaining but the outward skin. We do easily admit of the possibility of the foresaid practice, since I have seen a trial made of it upon a Dog, but with this consequence, that it certainly shortens life, and renders the remaining course implexed with sundry troubles and diseases. In the mean time that office, which we allow the Spleen, is performed by the Liver, Pancreas, and other parts, though with some difficulty, because they are overtasked; for doubtless in that case the grosser part of the blood is evacuated by the Haemorrhoids, as it's usual in other accidents, when the body is mutilated (deprived) of an Arm or Leg. So that it appears, the Office of the Spleen is of great importance, though it may be supplied by other parts in case it be diseased, obstructed, or exected (cut out.) The same exception might be started against the Liver; for were it not for the effusion of blood of those great veins, that have their root in it, (or according to others terminate there,) which would necessarily follow an exection, the Liver might not only be exect, but it's Office likewise supplied by the Spleen and the other parts. Since I have drawn my Reader a little out of the way by this objection, I shall conduct him back to the remainder of this Chapter, which is a brief inventory of the Signs of an Hypochondriack Consumption, that so he may not be surprised with the fate of it. 1. There is a frequent rumbling noise under the Stomach, thwarting from the right side to the left, and thence back again. 2 Pinching pains about the Stomach, as if they would gird a man's body close together. 3. Glowing heats under the short Ribs. 4. Frequent belchings, that smell sour, or stink. 5. A windiness and puffing up of their Stomach, especially after dinner, and in the morning after they wake. 6. Much spitting. 7. Vomiting, or at least an inclination to Vomit. 8. If upon these Signs you find a wasting of your flesh, than look about you, especially if troubled with a Cough.   

CHAP. VIII. Of a Scorbutic Consumption.  
THe Scurvy is discovered a Melancholic Disease through its dreggish tartarous Eruptions, as course boils, pustles, etc. wherein it's differenced from Hypochondriack melancholy, whose tartar (melancholy) is retained within the body, & for that reason proves by far more incommodious (as appears by those doleful passions,) which if it were propelled (cast forth,) in Boils, Botches, or Ulcers, as in the Scurvy, would rather conduce to health, those sharp scorbutic dregs imitating the nature of yist, in causing the blood to ferment or work out into those eruptions (breaking's out,) whereby the blood is wonderfully clarified and purged. Hence it is, that many Melancholiques and Splenetic persons are of an exceeding merry and cheerful disposition; by reason their melancholy by causing their blood to work, doth so much clarify it, whereout the spirits must needs afterwards be generated very clear, lucid, (light) and lively.  
But of this I have discoursed more at large in Venus unmasked, Book. 1. Art. 37. Par. 134, 135. however though the Scurvy proves so healthful during its commencement (beginning) and augment (increase,) yet being once advanced to a state, is found to have endued a more disobliging and corroding nature, (as appears by those arthritick (gouty) night pains, and Phagedenick (raw) Ulcers it causes: Read my Vener. Discovery Book 1. Art. 9 Par. 39) through the permutation (change) of its Nitrous and Vitriolat salt into an Armoniac, which partaking of so penetrating and corrosive a nature, doth soon attaque the fleshy, and immediately after make, towards the corrupting of the Fundamental parts.  
A Scorbutic Consumption is easily discerned by observing a lingering wasting of one's flesh upon a praevious (foregoing) Scurvy, attended with a Cough; the Signs of a Scurvy I have set down in Venus Unmasked.   

CHAP. IX. Of an Amorous Consumption.  
OF all Bastard Consumptions none doth more rapidly (swiftly) occasion an extenuation of the flesh, than an Amorous Condition, which where it doth fasten, immediately causes a very sensible falling of the countenance; whence it's a common objection, when Maids do suddenly grow thin-jawed and hallow-eyed, they are certainly in Love. Neither is there cause wanting for so subitous (sudden) an alteration, where there is such a lingering, sighthing, sobbing, and looking after the return of the absent object, the thoughts so fixed, that they are employed upon nothing but the past Vision; & the mind all that while so disturbed and perplexed with hopes, doubts, fears, possibilities, and improbabilities, that the heart strikes five hundred sorts of Pulses in an hour; and hunted into such continual palpitations through anxiety (oppression) and distraction, that (as the saying is) fain would it break if it could. By means of all which alterations, violent motions, frights, fears, and other passions, the Animal (spirits of the brain) and Vital (of the heart) spirits suffer such losses and dispersions, that we see its ordinary for young Wenches to be reduced to faintings, sownings, and extreme weaknesses, to the admiration of their parents, whence such subitous and effrayable (frightful) symptoms should source (take their rise.) Galen among the rest of his remarks (lib. de pracogn. ad Posthum. cap. 6.) tells us of a Woman patiented of his, whom he found very weak in bed, continually tossing and tumbling from one side to the other, and totally deprived of her rest. No extern or intern cause could he discover of this malady, neither would she contribut: any thing of her own confession, though he oft required it of her, which kind of mute (dumb) deportment gave him suspicion of some melancholy, or love business the woman was troubled with; however he repeated his visits the second and third time, though with as little satisfaction as before; but at last it happened one came to visit her, and told her she had been at the Theatre, where she had seen Pylades (one of the Players) dance, whereupon Galen observed her to change her countenance, and immediately feeling her pulse, found it to beat very various and disturbed, a sign of some trouble of the mind, and so perceiving the same disturbance of her pulse, as oft as Pylades was discoursed of, was confirmed in his opinion, that all those symptoms were a product (effect) of her love. Aretaeus lib. 3. cap. 3. instances likewise a young man, involved in the same passion, and surprised with the worst of symptoms. And beyond all this Valer. Max. lib. 5. cap. 7. records Antiochus the only Son of the King Seleucus, deeply fallen in love with Stratonica his Mother-in-law, who piously dissembling his burning passion, precipitated himself into a most dangerous Consumption, the cause whereof his Physician Erasistratus could in no-ways descry, before such time as Stratonica entering the room, moved a blushy colour in his face, and rendered his aspect vivacious (lively,) but deserting him, he soon relapsed to the same paleness and languor (faintness;) which ebbing and flowing of his countenance with the uncertainty of his pulse, certified Erasistratus, of some love wound his Mother had struck upon his heart; and declaring this accident to the King his Father, almost cast down with grief for his Son, now e'en strucken with his last fate, he soon yielded his dearest wife for a remedy to Antiochus, considering it was chance, striving with his unparallelled modesty and bashfulness, had reduced him to that extremity. Hypocrates shown himself no less skilful in discerning the discriminous (dangerous) state of Perdiccas' King of Macedonia, occasioned by the doting love he harboured in his breast for Phila, one of his Father's Concubines, whose presence at any time excited a great alteration of his pulse. But these passages that resent so much of nature's impressions, do in no wise merit to be admired at, when brutish dote prove so efficacious in impelling bodies into a marcour (extreme leanness;) as Historians verify of a rich Athonian, and indifferently descended, who spying a marble Statue erected in a public place of Athens, and very curiously wrought, grew so passionate upon it, that he spent whole nights in embracing it, at last desirous to impropriate this object to himself, wooed the Senate to part with it, offering to lay down a triple value; but they censuring it impious, to make Merchandise of what belonged to the public, denied his importune request, whereupon he increased in fondness, and bestowed a Golden Crown upon it, Clothing it also with rich and costly Apparel, adored, and oft prostrated himself before it, which the Senate judging indecent, forbade him making any more addresses to their Statue. The young Athenian finding himself deprived of his joy and delight, fell into a Consumption, and before that could limit the course of his life, he cut his own throat. This passion was not so ridiculous, but it was exceeded by the King Xerxes, whom many Authors affirm to have been strangely enamoured upon an Oak, which he would oft hug and kiss, as if it had been some pretty Woman. Many more modern instances we could produce to illustrate the force of this sort of passion upon bodies, which we refer to another place. These commotions of the mind and body do after a short continuance menace (threaten) a Consumption, by oppressing the heart and its vital spirits with such throngs of blood and spirits, that are impelled and propped into its Ventricles, (small hollow rooms within the heart) whereby the heart is choked and obstructed in its pulsation (beating,) and consequently hindered from transmitting vital blood to the parts, which for want thereof must necessarily whither and dry away; moreover in that case the blood grows thick and muddy for want of motion, and so acquires an ill quality, and causes obstructions, as we have expressed in the preceding Chapter; besides the spirits growing dull and stupid do not perform their office in drawing the blood to the several parts, which must necessarily add very much to the wasting of the body. Lastly, if those love frights prove very violent, the blood and spirits returning in great streams to the heart, may not only suddenly choke it, but also extinguish its Innate spirits, and so that doting passion happens to terminate (end) into a mortal Syncope (swoon;) thus Euryalus a Knight belonging to the Emperor Sigismond, taking leave of his Mistress Lucretia of Sienna, precipitated her into such a Love fit, that within a few hours after she Ghosted; which course Euryalus was like to have steered, upon the news of that sad accident, had his passion not been diverted, by some recreation his friends gave him. The like fate befell a Dutch Gentlewoman, upon the sudden death of her Puppy dog, which she doted upon beyond imagination, as the Scene afterwards attested.  
But young blossomed Girls seem to be troubled with another Devil within 'em, to augment (increase) the fire of their doting hell, and that's their Mother, which must ever and anon be a fuming up to their throats upon the least disturbance of their Amours (love,) as I have oft been a Spectator of several, that fell into most terrible fits of the Mother, five or six in a day, upon a rapture of Marriage. I shall finish this Chapter with a short observation of the Prognostics (foresayings) of this Amorous Consumption, Young wenches once thoroughly smitten with Love darts, seldom or never lose that first impression, though they may be diverted by their parents, in showing them an imparity (unsutableness) in their Fortunes, Families, Persons, etc. and therefore must be compelled to marry such others, as their Parents please, perhaps being persuaded by some Bawdy-Broaker, who (according to the ancient custom) takes ten in the hundred for so much portion he Procures, and so much Jointure answerable to the current rate of the market, much after the form Cows are sold in Smithfield, according to the goodness of their Hides and Tallow. In the mean while these poor Lasses droop away, between a lingering after their first Loves, and a certain chastity that forbids 'em eating Fish and Flesh in one day. The only prevention of this great mischief is, to imitate the Jewish custom, to pen up their Daughters, and let them be acquainted with none, but such as they certainly intent for their Husbands; for beyond contradiction their first Love stands against all opposition of imparities of fortunes, families, or any thing whatsoever, as this narrative witnesses of a Princess of France, who walking melancholic alone in the field, fell in discourse with a Flemish Shepherds, and finding his person, talk, gesture, and tone of speech quite different from the Court Company, began to admire him, and grew so much enamoured upon him, that before their parting, they designed their secret transportation into Flanders; to which purpose she put herself into the Garb of a Shepherdess, and in that disguise lived many years; but discovering herself a little before her death, did profess herself the happiest person alive, not for her condition, but in enjoying him she first loved, and that she would rather ten Thousand times choose to live a Shepherdess (notwithstanding the hardness and vileness that attend so despicable a life) in the contentment and satisfaction of her Shepherd, than the glorious life of a Princess. If upon this you require a censure, I can but say, it was the humour of a Woman. Neither do I find men less estranged to extravagancies in this particular; Lucius Vitellius, the Father of Vitellius the Roman Emperor, a Sage and Prudent person, was so affectionately taken with a common Strumpet, that he would never suffer her to spit on the ground, but always saved her spittle in a golden Vessel he carried about with him for the same purpose, whereunto he added so much Honey as would make it into a Sytup, which he was wont to lick with the greatest delight imaginable. This relation doth not so much savour of folly, as that of Galeazo (Duke of Mantua) of madness, he whilst so journing at Milan had so enslaved himself to a fond passion upon a Wench, that upon her commanding him to drown himself, he immediately gave Spur to his Horse, and so plunged himself headlong into the River. The great Charlemagne, who was master of the better part of Europe, yet could not Master the passion he bore to a Gentlewoman, whom after she was dead, he would not suffer to be removed out of his Bedchamber in order to her Funeral, and though she stunk like a Carrion, yet scented to him like a Violet. What treachery men harbour within their breast to betray 'em to their greatest Enemy, Death! what a strange enchantment, that renders men thus wilfully sottish, melancholic, mad, and desperate! Certainly this must be some kind of curse entailed upon mankind, for having originally grossly transgressed in that particular. But what remedy to resist so great an evil? Women in this case require the precedency of cure, as being the first occasion of that sin, and first cause of the curse, witness else their mother Eve, who could she but have passed by that sinful curiosity, God Almighty in his wisdom had reserved a more noble way of man's propagation, in lieu, that whereas man is now begotten in the burning Sin of lust like a beast, and born creeping out of his mother's belly downwards towards the earth with shame, he would have been begotten in a more spiritual manner, and have been born gloriously, making his first ascension towards the heavens to salute his Creator. But to our dooms we do still find the daughters of Eve persisting in their mother's curiosity, in alluring the poor Sons of Adam to all manner of lasciviousness and debauchery; and to that purpose they plaster their faces with patches, rub their skin with white Lead, and go naked to the very Paps (and they are like they say in France, to fall into the Amazons mode of waring short coats to reach no farther than their knees;) and in this posture will they be leaning out of their Balcones and Windows, frisking and giggling, that they would even tempt a Saint;  

Ten teems of Oxen draw much less  
Than one hair of a Woman's tress.   
But all this is but speculation or dumb lechery; the practic part consists in their goatish discourses, winking at Church, going to Dancing-Schools, Plays, Spring-Gardens, Taverns, and where not.  
Kissing though repeated hundred times over, is a piece of their Dancing-School breeding, that's not to be refused; and what saith the Italian to this, Donna basciata è mezzo guadagnata, a woman kissed is half conquered. How these creatures may be reform, has been the study of many ages, though as we see to little purpose.  
Thus far they all agree, women ought to keep within and seldom stir out; and when they go forth, the Italians will have them to have neither eyes nor ears; that is, they must not stair men in the face like bucks, nor listen after idle talk. Neither do they think it necessary for 'em to go to Church, imagining a Woman doth very well merit her salvation, in doing penance of keeping herself honest at home; besides, in imitation of Ovid's dictate, Otia si tollas periere cupidinis arcus, they would have them employed twenty hours a day in Spinning, Knitting, etc. the rest of the time in eating and sleeping.  
In short, these three Devises are necessary to make an honest Woman; Retiredness, Religion, and Employment. On the contrary, where a Woman is used to Company, and little regards Religion, and is less employed, there's you know what.  
However, notwithstanding all these divertisements, they will now and then take an occasion to fall in Love, though it be but by hear-say, as Guyon writes in his divers Lecons 1. part fol. 365. of three Gentlewomen, that fell strangely in love with one and the same person. The Story runs thus: It happened that a Waiting-Gentlewoman to the Duchess of Urbino, took a great liking to a Gentleman, belonging to the same Court; but her modesty being such, as would not suffer her to declare her affection immediately to him, advised with another Gentlewoman a friend of hers about it, to whom she opened her breast, expressing likewise the merits and personage of the Gentleman; whose Characters agreeing so well with her own Fancy, she (namely the second Gentlewoman) grew furiously enamoured upon the party described, and thereupon in stead of soliciting for her friend, she put Pen to Paper and wrote a most passionate Letter for herself, and addressed it to the foresaid Gentleman; this letter fell accidently into the hands of a third Gentlewoman, who upon the reading thereof was inflamed in Love to the same person, beyond any of the others, and began to push hard for herself: But fortune proved so just to them all, that because of their rash indiscreet passions, they lost their pains, and went all without him. Voilent Bruchus a Spaniard relates a passage not unlike this, of a Duchess of Savoy, who fell desperately in Love with a Knight of the Family of Mendoza, only by hearing his Sister say, Would to God this Princess were Married to my Brother, and they would make the most glorious couple in the world, for perfection and beauty. This succeeded so happily, that some time after (as the common saying is) they had one another. These two Narratives afford us another moral to be added as a fourth to the three forementioned devises, to wit a young Maid must not only be kept in a perpetual retirement, devotion, and constant employment, but must not so much as be entertained with a discourse of love, or young men, for fear of raising that evil spirit, which afterwards would not be easily allayed.  
Now, though a sole rectification of women's corrupt passions (they by their allurements, gesticulations (wanton actions) sleering looks, and lascivious discourses, being the prime movents, and inciters of this cursed inclination) were a means efficacious enough to prevent men's sortish affections, yet we will appose an instance or two, whereby you may observe how easily men are checked in their amorous appetites.  
Raimundus Lullius, a great proficient in Chemical Philosophy, chanced to be furiously taken with the beauty of a certain young Woman, and being impatient of his Love flames, did vehemently importune her to allay his passion; whereupon she prefixed a day, which Raimund in no wise forgot to pass by, but presented himself at the very moment: The fair Lady, like a Goddess of chastity, in stead of gratifying his beastly lust, suddenly fling open her bosom, and offered a most filthy, stinking, ulcered Cancer of her Breast to his view, in design to relax, or rather break the strings of his Satiric passion, which took so good an effect, that Raimund now bore greater respects to her for her chastity, than ever he did for her beauty. But because a sole example is so scant an illustration, I shall not think it much to contribute another no less remarkable than the former. Hypatia the Phoenix of her time, both for her incomparable wit, and excellent beauty, had the fortune of being most fond doted upon by a young Scholar; the force of whose inclinations was so puissant (strong,) that it was like to impel him into a distraction: the unparallel chastity of this virtuous Female could in no kind be prevailed with to favour him in what he so passionately aimed at, though her compassion, sensible of the torment he endured in that amorous hell, would have complied in whatever had been consistent with the nature of modesty. At length she discovered to herself an ingenious cure, to remedy the poor Scholar of his menaced insany (madness,) in order whereunto, knowing him to be master of a great deal of reason, she mustered a great bundle of her menstruous rags together (as the wise man calls them, and spread them all open before him; saying, you men that do so admire at the Elegant shape, and Nitourous Complexion of women's upper parts, behold now, O Scholar! the constitution of their lower, the object of all your Lascivious Loves; what a filthy, nasty, detestable sight is here? whereat the ingenuous Scholar took such a regret, having been hither to deluded, in crediting this dictate of Hermes, Quod est superius, est sicut inferius. That is, whatever is above is like to what is below; that ever after he abhorred the sight of a Woman. If arguments of this kind, drawn from the false appearance of Women, would take with the generality of men, there's enough to be said to fling 'em all out of favour. But enough of this.   

CHAP. IX. Of a Consumption of Grief.  
GRief protracted to some space of time, doth inevitably (avoidable) absorb (suck up) the fleshy parts of the body, and straightway hasten to a perfect Consumption. Grief is a pain of the soul for the absence of some good thing, or the presence of an evil thing. Now, as far as the soul o'retops the body, so far its pains, or rather mournful sensations, exceed those of the Carcasle; A Gout, a Colic, the cutting off of an Arm or Leg, or searing the Flesh with an hot Iron, are but Fleabits to the grieving pains of the Soul; for she being only cheerful, doth as easily conquer, as endure them. But it's otherwise with the body, that immediately shrinks under the least pain of the Soul.  
Among the varieties of Grief, the controversy of the greatest, is solely depending between Grief taken for a disgrace, and Grief for the loss of a Relation: And both these are such, as will attaque (fall upon) and conquer the wisest and most courageous of either Sex; Reason in either of these cases can produce no other, than trifling arguments to suppress 'em. All ranks of Nobles and Ignobles are observed, to yield to the fury of these Soul-pains. Bajazed the Turkish Emperor, and Tamerian's Prisoner, rather than to sustain the disgrace of being carried about in an Iron cage, chose death, by running his head against the Grates.  
Senca's Wife preferred dying with her Husband, before she would survive to grieve for his death.  
Cecinna Petus being sentenced to death, but with a reservation, that he might make choice of his own way of dying, Arrion his Wife came to him, though full of grief, and in his sight drew a Dagger, and stabbed herself, crying out, the wound I have made doth not pain me, but the wound that thou wilt make, O Pete! pains me.  
To give you an Emblem of a more Chronical (of a longer time) operation of grief, we'll commend a Narrative or two more to your Reading.  
One Captain Monk a Dane, famous for the Expedition he performed to the North, to discover a nearer passage to the Indies, after a most dangerous Winter-quarter returned home, to give an account of his Voyage to the King of Danemark his Master; who being dissatisfied at his deportment, thrusted the said Captain from him with his Cane, whereupon he took his leave, and went home, but with such a resentment of the disgrace, that some few days after he put forward to another world.  
The like Scene we observe in Don Olivares the great Favourite of Spain, who soon rendered his life to the conquest of grief he took or the disgrace of being deposed of all his Offices and Dignities.  
Fates not much differing from this befell also Cardinal Woolsey, and many other Grandees, upon the like occasions.  
In fine, it's a common observation among the Spanish Politicians, that the surest Stratagem, to be quite rid of a Statesman, that stands in the way, and besides to avoid popular clamours and censures, is to depose him of all his dignities, and imprison him, where without question the apprehension of his disgrace, or the pernicious air of a Prison, will soon set a period to the course of his days, or at least put him upon some revengeful attempt, whereby he may be rendered a riper object for a public Scene.  
This by the way, to illustrate to you the danger of a pain in the Soul, and the near sympathy there is between her and the body.  
Touching the manner of causality, whereby grief effects such fierce symptoms, viz. a sudden Death, and a lingering Consumption, may be collected out of the preceding discourse upon an Amorous Consumption, to wit, the former is caused, through a full and sudden irruption (breaking in) of thick Melancholic blood into the Ventricles (narrow rooms) of the heart, thereby choking the vital spirits, and putting a stop to the heart's pulsation, which if intermitted but three or four Pulses, portends a certain death. The latter is achieved by a gradual suppression of the vital spirits, through heavy tartarous (dreggish) blood, which (namely the spirits) defecting, must necessarily cause an extinction of the innate heat and spirits, for whose nutrition they are designed, and so consequently a perfect Consumption must be the ultimate issue. Add hereto the restlessness and intermission from sleep grieved persons are molested with, whereby the blood is much dried, the spirits consumed, and melancholy increased.  
Moreover, as melancholic blood doth so much suppress the vital spirits, so it's very unapt for ministering matter for new spirits, or being converted into flesh, because of its grosseness and crudity. Neither doth that blood continue long so, as I said before, but acquires an acrimony, whereby it's much intended (heightened) in its devouring and consuming quality.   

CHAP. X. Of a Studious Consumption.  
MOderate labour of the body is universally experienced to conduce to the preservation of health, and curing many initial (beginning) Diseases; but on the contrary, the toil of the mind, to destroy health and generate Maladies, by attracting the spirits out of the entire body from their task of Concoction, Distribution, and Excretion, to the brain, whither they carry along with them clouds of vapours and excrementitious humours of the whole, thereby excessively annoying the brain and its faculties, impelling it into various Diseases, as Catarrhs, (defluxions of humours,) stupors, (numbness,) imminution (lessening) of the memory and imagination; impairs of the external senses, as dulness of hearing or seeing, imbecility (weakness) in stirring or walking, etc. Likewise the other parts of the body, being deprived of their spirits, sustain very considerable damages; as, the Stomach happeneth to be weakened in its Concoction, whence crudities and loss of appetit; the Spleen and Liver in their Offices of defecation, whence vicious, melancholic, dreggish, sulphurous blood, and obstructions of the Bowels and Vessels; the Heart in its distributing the blood to all the parts of the body, and strength of pulsation, whence an Atrophia, or want of nutriment in the parts, the immediate cause of a Studious Fastard Consumption. Add hereto a sedentary (sitting) life, appropriate to all Students, crushing the bowels, and for want of stirring the body, suffers the spirits to lie dormant and dull, whence costiveness, dispersing malign putrid fumes out of the Guts and Mesentery (a thick double skin that ties the Guts together) into all parts of the body, occasioning headache, flushing of the blood to the head, fevers, loss of appetit, and disturbance of Concoction.  
It is beyond imagination to conceive the sudden destructive effects of a Studious life; some eight or ten years since there died at Abington one Pendarves, an incomparable hard Student, and Minister of that Town, who being dissected, his Lungs were found to be withered and dried up into an exact resemblance of an ordinary Sponge in point of substance and bigness.  
The like Emblems we find frequently in Universities, where Scholars daily drop away of Consumptions.  
Neither is it an extraordinary observation, to see Consumptions in the Faces of hundreds of the late Preaching Divines; witness else their thin Jaws and number of Caps.   

CHAP. XI. Of an Apostematick Consumption.  
APostems, although internal, do rarely cause Consumptions before they break, unless seated amongst the Glandules in the Mesentery, where I have observed them to occasion a very discernible extenuation; which Symptom seems very strange in that case, since a Physician can scarce find any sensible cause of so visible an evil, the principal entrails giving no sign of the least distemper, and the appetit consisting as formerly. In such a case many would impute the foresaid Consumption to obstructions, no other cause, disease, or part appearing suspicious; for a deep latent Apostem in the Mesentery if of no great mole (bigness,) cannot be sensibly discovered, but by conjecture only; since the touch cannot penetrate so deep as to reach it, because of its deep situation, neither can the relation be expected from the Patient, because the part affected is inseusible.  
In the Hospital at Leiden some twelve or fourteen years ago, I observed the like accident in a boy, who perceiving his flesh to shrink every day more and more, although without the least sense of any disease that should cause it, applied himself to a Physician of the Town, where he than lived, who imputed the cause of his Consumption to obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, (a trodden Sanctuary for hidden diseases,) and prescribed him a Deoppilative (opening) and Purgative Apozem, not questioning his Cure. The youth finding no benefit, doubted his Doctor had mistaken the Disease; upon this resolves to go to the University to see what the Professors could make of it, who all cried out against Hypochondriack Obstructions, except Prof. Lindanus, who conjectured it might be some hidden abscess in the Mesentery, which breaking some few days after was discovered to be an Apostem of the Mesentery, by the evacuation of the matter by stool.  
How an Apostem in the Mesentery breaking, causes a Consumption of the parts, is apparent, viz. by immitting purulent fumes into the Arteries, and Veins, corrupting and affecting the blood with a malign quality, which proving very offensive to the parts, in subverting and poisoning their innate temperature, is rejected by 'em, whereby they are forced to whither for want of nutriment. The said purulent vapours crowding into the substances of the principal and sub-principal parts, viz. the Heart, Brain, Spleen, and Liver, do likewise so infect, poison, and destroy their Innate temperaments, that they immediately begin to languish in their offices, to the great prejudice of all the body. But it's not so manifest by what means an Apostem in the Mesentery should occasion a Consumption before its maturation, or breaking, since no purulent fumes can be supposed to be transmitted throughout the body before a maturation, nor after, unless the humour break, because the said fumes cannot transude (sweat) through the bag of an Imposthum.  
In my opinion the parts happen to be consumed for want of nourishment, that's intercepted from them through the Apostems tumid compression and coarctation of the Mesaraick and Lacteal (milky) veins, whereby the transmission of Chyle (a white juice all our Victuals is turned into in the Stomach) and blood is obstructed.   

CHAP. XI. Of a Scirrous Consumption.  
IT's requisite I should first tell you, what a Scirrus is, namely a hard tumour without pain, feeling to the touch like a stone, caused through a concretion of melancholic extravasate (shed out of the veins or arteries) Blood. Setting aside the enumeration of compound Scirrous tumours, viz. Scirrous and Oedematique, Scirrous and Phlegmonique, Scirrous and Erysipelous, I shall only insert the kinds of generation of a simple Scirrus; either it's primarly generated out of the effusion of melancholic blood, or secundarily out of the dregs and remainder of a Phlegmonous or Oedematick tumour. Either of these befalling the Liver, Spleen, Stomach, Mesentery, or any other important entrail, may cause an extenuation of the Flesh, by compressing the vital and nutritive Channals, and so intercepting the course of the blood and vital spirits in their afflux (flowing to) to the parts. 2. By vitiating (altering to worse) the substance and temperament of the said Entrails, whereby the blood is not justly prepared for nourishing of the parts.   

CHAP. XII. Of a Cancerous Consumption.  
CAncers invading any internal part of the body do in some space of time through an Arsenical Sulphur and Armoniac Salt (Ven. read unmasked, fol. 65. & 67.) their constituent causes, corrode the flesh, and soon after corrupt the Essential mixture, which done renders them absolutely incurable, unless extirpated (rooted out) by exection or amputation (cutting off;) which within the body takes no place.  
Hereupon the blood is soon vitiated with a malign quality, and its Course obstructed, which proves the immediate cause of an improper Consumption.   

CHAP. XIII. Of an Ulcerous Consumption.  
IT's needless to premit the description of an Ulcer, since it's generally known; I shall only observe their difference; some to be external, others internal; and some to depend upon the intemperament of the part Ulcerated, others upon the continual afflux of lacerative (taring) humours; and lastly, some to be irrigated (moistened) with a more malign pus (matter,) than others. Of these its certain both extern and intern do oft cause a gradual maceration (wasting) of the Flesh; but of externals only such, whose pus (matter) is virulent (venomous and malign, the steams whereof regurgitating (flowing back) into the Vessels, do sensibly infect the blood and the temperament of the chief intern members, where the parts happen to be extenuated in such manner, as we have once or twice illustrated to you already. 2. Extern Ulcers depending upon the transmission of vitiate (foul) humours out from within the body, do occasion an extenuation of the parts, by attracting and depriving them of their nutriment, as I once observed in a youth in the Charitè Hospital at Paris, who through the daily and copious efflux (evacuation) of matter through the Orifice (mouth) of a deep Ulcer in his Thigh, was reduced to a Skeleton, (skin and bones,) and so within a while after died of a perfect Consumption.  
Intern Ulcers impel the parts into Consumptions through their purulent fumes, thereby poisoning and infecting the blood that should nourish them.   

CHAP. XIV. Of a Dolorous Consumption.  
VIolent pains are only apt to cause inflammations and acute Fevers, which terminating to a good or evil Crisis, are not likely to occasion Consumptions; so that it's only lingering, soft, durable pains, do dispose patients to them, by oft attracting the spirits from other parts, and spending them; for nothing doth waste the spirits swifter than pains; so that pains for spending of the spirits of all other accidents comes nearest to the copious and swift loss of spirits by Phlebotomy (opening of a Vein:) Now how the diminution of spirits causes a Consumption we have set down before in the preceding Chapters.  
Add hereto the interception of sleep that pains occasion, which doth very much increase the dispersing and depopulating of the said spirits.  
Next to these lingering durable pains, short intermittent, or swift recurrent pains do precipitate patients into Consumptions; as lingering pains of the Stone, recurrent pains of the Stomach, Meagrims, and other sorts of recurrent headaches do frequently macerate (make lean) the parts, and render their looks Consumptive and pining.   

CHAP. XV. Of an Aguish Consumption.  
AGues if deeply radicated (rooted) do frequently impel (force) bodies into Consumptions, by vitiating (altering) the Liver and Spleen, and perverting their Offices.  
Among these, Quartans and Tertians of a long continuance do most menace (threaten) this Symptom; the former as depending upon a corrupt incinerated (burned) melancholy, and the latter upon an adust (burned) Stibial or Aeruginous Sulphur: both these being very active in devouring the fleshy parts, and entrenching upon the fundamental mixture.  
A true and simple Tertian, terminating according to the ordinary observation, in seven returns or Paroxysms, is now and then succeeded by an Hectic Fever, a fellow Symptom to a true Consumption, by reason of its swift termination, leaving some deep relics of its cause (viz. Stibial Sulphur) in some of the chief parts, where it lieth closely impacted (propped in) and is not easily extermined (removed.)  
Now, had the said Tertian been of a more slow and gradual pace, it would gradually have expelled those Relics; so that you may know how dangerous it proves, for an Ague to disappear without taking Physic for it.   

CHAP. XVI. Of a Febril Consumption.  
WE have oft observed, that malign continual peracute (very sharp and violent) Fevers do after most dangerous and doubtful attaques suddenly remit into a sensible abatement of the ardent (burning) heat, insufferable thirsts, immanous (raging) headaches and Frenzies; besides a change of their low quick inequal Pulles, into more ordinate ones, and a mutation of their red fiery Urinal into a thick milky colour and curdle settling; by all which appearances hundreds of young Physicians have been deceived, and thereupon confidently asserted their Patients free from all danger; but much to their shame; for these be certain signs of an Hectic Fever, and a true or perfect Consumption, as appears by their weak and languishing condition, without any sense of pain or heat, or perversion of their reason, which may continnue so with them for two or three weeks, and then they expire like a wasted candle.  
Moreover it's attested by many Physicians, that a Continent Fever, or a Synochos imputris doth sometimes migrate (change) into an Hectic Fever.   

CHAP. XVII. Of a Uerminous Consumption.  
PHysicians do ordinarily observe three sorts of Worms, engendered within the body of man, viz. ordinary Gut Worms (Lumbrici sive vermes teretes) of a long and slender shape like ordinary Earth Worms▪ being generated out of a slimy matter, colliquated from the Mesaraick Glandules and adhering to the intern tumicks (skins) of the thin Guts, which as soon as vivifyed (grown live) through a vital spirit enclosed within that slimy matter, as it were in a bag, and so shaped into Worms, loosen and slide off from the intern tunic (coat) of the Guts, and frequently creep into the Stomach for nutriment, being attracted thither by the sweet chyle (the white juice of the Stomach,) whence they are called Stomach or Maw-worms. These being most usually engendered in Children, do commonly cause them to look hollow-eyed with a lived (of a lead Colour) Circle about the under eyelids, sharp nosed, thin jawed, and incommoded with a slimy mattery Cough, stink of Breath, and an Erratic Fever; all Symptoms very near a kin to those of a True Consumption, and if not prevented in time render their Subjects incurable.  
The cause of the foresaid extenuation of body and hollow-look, is imputed to the defect of nutriment, arriving through the chyles (the white juice of the Stomach) being absorbed by the Worms, and the blood's vitiation (alteration) by malign putrid vapours, smoking throughout the Vessels out of a putrefyed slime of the Guts, and so consequently rendered unapt of being opposed (joined) to the parts.  
The said putrid vapours through exciting a Fever do colliquate the Phlegmatic humours of the body and brain, which transuding (sweeting through) or distilling to the Lungs, cause their mattery Cough.  
The stink of breath is caused through steams, rising from the corrupted chyle of the Stomach.  
There is a second sort of Worms, commonly resembled to a Woman's hair-lace or fillet, thence called Taenia or Tinea, generated likewise in the Guts. The shape of these Worms is flat, small, and round, like to Gourd Seeds, which being linked together to the breadth and length of an ordinary hair-lace, seem to be united into one entire Worm, which sometime is found to be of an incredible length, it may be of five or six yards, as Tulpius records in his observations. jacobus Oethaeus lib. Obseru. Med. attests to have seen three Worms evacuated by a Woman, the longest whereof did equal Eighteen yards. Alexander Camerarius recites one of twenty yards long. Platerus reports a view of several Worms, that were at least forty foot long. The breadth of this Vermin is sometime an inch, othertimes half an inch broad. It appears usually of an Ash colour, marked with black spots, or cross lines going a thwart, dividing it into thousands of small bodies like Gourds. Motion it hath none, so that it can scarce be termed a moving creature, neither doth it live, because it doth not increase internally like living creatures, but by apposition. So that it's called a Worm only from its external shape, and appearance, the head is small and long, and the tail short.  
Persons thus vermifyed (troubled with Worms) seldom go to stool without avoiding a great quantity of those verminous (wormy) seeds, and are oft incommoded with gnawing griping pains round about the Navel, oftimes extending to the Hip-bone; which gnawing pains are apt to increase upon the least emptiness of Stomach, so that the patiented is ever obliged to fill his Gut with an immoderate proportion of food, not only for to nourish his body, but also to appease that ravenous Vermin, which notwithstanding doth defraud the body of its nutriment, and infects the spirits with malign steams, which in some space of time must necessarily produce a very sensible extenuation of the parts.  
The material cause of this Worm is a vicious slimy chyle adured by a strong heat, that dries it up into such numerous bodies.  
Ascarides are a small sort of Worms like Maggots, bred in the intestinum rectum, or Gut of the Fundament, exciting an incommodious itching of the Fundament, with frequent desires of going to Stool. They are usually discovered by the excrements being perfused with them. This sort of vermin, immitting putrid fumes into the Vessels doth sometimes cause faints, and Convulsion Fits, as jessenus witnesses to have seen such accidents in several. They may also by the same malign smokes occasion a decay of the parts, though more rarely than Maw-worms or a Tinea.  
These Ascarides do now and then creep into the Thighs and other parts.  
Worms are likewise generated in most other parts of the body, though very infrequently. Bauhinus (if I mistake not) speaks of a Worm generated in one of the Ventricles of the Heart, the patiented dying of a Consumption. Hollerius reports a Worm discovered in a man's Brain. Duretus' remarks another generated in the Kidneys, and evacuated by Urin. Several make mention of Worms engendered in the Lungs, Liver, Spleen, etc. all perducing their subjects into Consumptions.   

CHAP. XVIII. Of a Pocky Consumption.  
THe ordinary back door the Pox goeth out at, when it commits its subject to the custody of its first Mother Earth, is a Pocky Consumption, occasioned through the dispersion of virulent steams out of the hearth of those Phagedenick Ulcers; by immanous (outrageous) arthritick (of the joints) pains, and continual vigilies (intermission from sleep.) But since I have discoursed of this in my Venereal discovery fol. 167. and 168. I shall insist no farther upon it.   

CHAP. XIX. Of a Bewitched Consumption.  
I Shall not here undertake the task of discussing the possibility of fascinous (bewitched) Diseases farther, than refer your censures to such experimental instances as are produced for it. But whether those experimental remarks may be credited; and if so, whether to be imputed to Witchcraft, therein lies the point of controversy. Now these three Specific notes will easily resolve the query.  
1. The Symptoms of Witchcraft must transcend the dependence on natural causes, as Vomiting Pins, pieces of Nails, etc.  
2. There must be several credible witness, that assert the sight of those supernatural Symptoms.  
3. The said Symptoms, as they are supernatural, so they must be only curable by supernatural means, namely by Devout Prayers, or Diabolical imprecations (curse) and exorcisms, by the same or other Witches. Several there have been, that attested the sight of persons, that vomited Pins, Hair, Pieces of Nails, Feathers, etc. these certainly are supernatural Symptoms, if true; but those witnesses being such, as their testimonies might well be doubted of, infer no conclusion.  
3. it's certain some there have been that have vomited up the foresaid bodies, but they were such, as to get money from the Spectators, had swallowed up thick short blunt Pins, or Feathers, and vomited them up again voluntarily, as having a power to force themselves a vomiting at their pleasures by straining, or by other means in taking Vomitories privately.  
These two Symptoms are generally asserted fascinous. (bewitched) viz.  
1. A Lingering Consumption without a sensible internal or external cause, and yielding to no kind of Physical Cure.  
2. Effrayable and supervulgar Convulsion Fits, distorting the patient's Neck and Back in a manner, that it's a Thousand wonders they are not broken, or dislocated, turning their eyes even round within their heads, deluding their Fancies with strange frightful visions, speaking strange languages, etc. an emblem of the first we have in the relation of King james the 4. or 5. of Scotland, who falling away in his flesh more and more every day, without the precedence of any Procatarctick cause that should occasion it, as Melancholy, ill Diet, etc. and notwithstanding the helps of Physic against any intern cause or Disease, that might be rationally conjectured, at last was suddenly cured by decharming the Witchcraft, that that had long been suspected, and at length discovered in Danemark, which was an Image of Wax exactly resembling the said King, (whereby it was also known) and pierced through in several parts of the body with pins, and particularly in those parts, where the the King felt his pains, which as they were taken out of such parts, so his pains ceased likewise at the same instant in the same parts; and being all drawn out, felt himself entirely cured, and suddenly grew fat again. In reference to the decision of this instance; there can be only this objected, that had the King taken no Physic, his Disease might more probably have been suspected fascinous; but since he had made use of the best Medical helps the Art of man could afford, which continued for a long space do oft at last perform marvelous cures; the King's subitous recovery ought rather to be attributed to the Skill of his Physicians. Likewise Children are very apt to fall suddenly into a wasting of their flesh, which happening as the other instance without any visible cause, is frequently termed a Bewitched Disease; but questionless that Symptom must depend upon some obstruction of the Entrails, or Verminous disposition of body; and therefore a meet hallucination (error) of the Vulgar.  
The second particular is exemplifyed in Hysterick (troubled with Fits of the Mother) Women, especially Maids, the rarity of whose Symptoms doth oft strike such an atonement into Spectators, that they confidently report them possessed with the Devil. In the year 1661. there lived one Mary Wait of the Society of Free-willing Baptists, at Horly in the County of Oxon, who was frequently troubled with miserable gripes in her Guts, pinch at her heart, choking at her throat, suppression of her breath, blows on her head, ejaculations from her seat, and sometimes off of the Horses back whereon she rid, now and then was struck dumb, deaf, and blind, oft entertained with Angelic Visions, and reduced to a very low ebb of Strength, etc. all which extravagant Symptoms her Visiters were pleased to term Sufferings and Buffet of Satan, and accordingly, to the intent of turning this evil one out of possession, they spent near upon a Twelvemonth with her in Prayer, but to little purpose, until such time that one of her Visions revealed to her, that she should feed upon bread and water, boiled to a Panada, and drink nothing but Spring water; whereby she soon grew rid of her Devil, and entirely recovered. Now observe, to this day cannot that people be persuaded, but that the foresaid Mary was possessed with the Devil, and ascribe her deliverance to their implorations (prayers;) so that judging the nature of the Disease by the remedy (à juvantibus,) if we believe she was delivered from those Fits by Prayers of the Godly, we cannot deny the Disease to be Diabolical (of the Devil:) But since the case appears quite in another dress to the eye of a Physician, who can soon produce parallel Symptoms, if not worse, issuing from ordinary Diseases, we may justly doubt of the rise of this.  
It's not rare to see young Amorous Girls through the fury of an Hysterick (Fit of the Mother) Paroxysm cast into a Trance for an hour or two, and all that while under a resemblance to the features of death; and possibly diverted with some merry Fancies or rare Visions of their Sweethearts, or of Kings, Princes, etc. and it may be some a Courting or Embracing of them, which makes 'em now and then burst out into a strange Fit of laughing, to the amazement of their Visiters.  
Others again of a more zealous frame during their Trance seem to converse with nothing but Angels or Devils, as this foresaid Mary, who according to the Narrative seems to have had several interviews and discourses with Angels and Devils, the contents whereof she afterwards recited to her Brethren, who faithfully recorded them upon Parchment, as some new Revelations.  
But those of a more trist (sad) and melancholic composure, their Hysterick Trances proving Tragic perspectives to them, perhaps of beholding the murder or execution of some of their dearest Relations, or those they bear an affection to, are incident into sudden cries and howling tears.  
And lastly, the Fits of others seems most Energick in their tongues, in occasioning them to speak strange Languages, and Sentences like Oracles; to which latter some of this age have given an equal credit, with that of the Ancients to the Oracles of Delft.  
It's inserted in Histories that a Maid of Liege, whilst detained with one of her Uterin Passions, expressed herself very fluently in the Greek Tongue, although when released of her Fit, she was utterly ignorant of the said Language.  
Another Italian Lass Peter Messiah, 〈◊〉 Camerarius makes mention of in his Ho● Succ. who proving Frantic through the extremity of a Fever, spoke very good French, without ever having been known to be experienced in that Tongue. But to return to Mary, wherein I do willingly retard myself somewhat the longer, since a● entire tract has been published by her Brethren to delude the world with their miraculous casting out of a Devil; which all the while proved to be no other than an Hysterick Passion; and if that may be termed Devil, than many an Hysterick Woman has a Devil more in her than she had before.  
To render the point more clear; 〈◊〉 choking in her Throat, gripping, and pinching of the heart, (Cardiaca passio) he● trancing, imaginary beating of her head, (which is no other than a sudden Convulsion of the Dura mater) her being cast off her Seat or Horses back, an effect of a strong Convulsion violently and swiftly retracting all the Muscles of the body one way, which must needs be forcible enough to cast the body to a great distance; for a man voluntarily can cast his body a great way by leaping▪ through the natural impulse of some of his Muscles, much more when they are all violently moved one way by a strong Convulsive motion; her strange visions and imaginations, etc. are all genuine Symptoms of an Hysterick Passion, or Fit of the Mother, fuming up in malign and poisonous clouds to her Guts, and there causing a griping, thence to the mouth of the Stomach, and there occasions that seeming pinching at her heart; thence to her Heart, where it caused a Deliquium (fainting) and Syncope, (swooning) so up to the Lungs, whence her choking; and thence to the Brain, the occasion of all her depravate (false) visions; or sometimes those venomous fumes might directly have tended to the brain, and spring of the seven pair of Nerves; & thence down the back, where they may impel all the Nerves and Muscles into a Convulsion. Add hereto her cure by Panada, and drinking of Spring water, (argumentum à juvantibus) singularly conducing to the repelling of those uterin fumes, (smokes of the Mother) and coarctating (shrinking) the passages, whereby the said fumes must necessarily be intercepted, and in time absolutely cure her.  
However this one Symptom seems the strangest of all, that as she rid on Horseback she saw the Devil twice making to her in the shape of a black Angel. As to this I am very apt to believe her; and the manner thus: her Imagination being depraved with those black Hysterick smokes, and accustomed to receive an impression of a Devil, from those black clouds forming themselves into such a shape within the Cells of the Brain, possibly just at the termination of the Optic nerves, (the Sinews of the sight,) they might easily return to the same shape and impression; besides, those clouds so shaped might as well make an impression upon the roots of the Optic Nerves within, which continuated to the eye, especially if hebetated (rendered dull or dozed,) cause the same perception, as a wind within the head, when the brain is distempered by a cold, beating against the root of the auditory Nerve (the finew of the hearing) and protracted to the Tympanum (a little Skin within the Ear) causes the sensation of a noise, as if it were heard from without, though it is not; or in short, why should not the Eye be subject to be deceived by an object from within, as well as the Ear by an internal noise, or the Tongue by a taste from within? that it is so, is apparent in frantics, who do really imagine, they see that without, which their imagination is affected with within.   

CHAP. XX. Of a Consumption of the Back.  
A Consumption of the Back here implies little more than a sensible gradual diminution of the strength in the back, arriving through a counter-natural proflux (flowing) of Sperm (Seed.)  
Common experience is a suffrage (vote) to Galen's Dictate, that a natural and moderate evacuation of Sperm through Venereal Embraces, doth greatly conduce to the preservation of health; disposes a man to fetch his breath more freely, and renders the body light and sprightful; and that not only in men, but other Animals; a Cock hath no sooner pleased a Hen, but presently after he Crows; a tone that corresponds to singing, attesting his mirth & spritefulness: the reason is because Omne nimium est Naturae inimicum, whatever is overmuch is offensive to nature, as oppressing the spirits; which burden being diminished, or taken off from them, must needs render them more lively and lusty. Now the more noble and excellent that is, which is abounding, the greater damage it imports; and therefore blood when abounding, causes acute putrid Fevers, inflammations of the Bowels, that oft inevitably tend to the ruin of the whole: but of a far more dangerous importance is an over plenitude of the Spirits, as being of a more noble and excellent degree; whence it is, that a retention of the Seed proves of so calamitous a consequence, because of its turgency with spirits: in Women we see it effects such effrayable Hysterick Symptoms, (as appears in the Narrative of Mary Waite) as no other Disease can Parallel: in men it occasions inflammations of the Testicles or Cod, (commonly terminating into grangrenes, incurable Ulcers,) a continual melancholic dull heavy posture of body, difficulty of respiration, (breathing) palpitation (beating) of the heart, a durable tinning noise and pains in the head, and worse than all these a Spermatick (seedy) Fever, in malignity and putrefaction transcending all others. By the way, this sort of Fever is not mentioned by any Author, because it's comprehended under continual humoral Fevers, but certainly for want of observation, whose Urins if heedfully perspected, appear full of white filaments (threads) or Spermatick Hairs, which Physicians have hitherto erroneously judged adust (burned) hair's expelled from the Kidneys. Another most ridiculous (though not without great danger) Symptom the said Spermatick Plethory, or retention of Seed produces in Women, is a Madness of the Mother, (furor uterinus,) impelling them to all manner of Lascivious looks, Bawdy discourses, and enticing gestures, to such a degree, that they oft take up their Coats, and beg men to humour them, as if they begged for an Alms. Hereto corresponds a Madness of the Father, which we find so extravagant in some men, that they cannot forbear, but must bend all their discourses looks, and actions, to wantonness; neither can this or that in Women be sentenced vice, because occasioned by a Disease, which the Apostle himself could term no other than Burning, (whereby we see he compared it to the greatest pain in the world,) and therefore to prevent the growth of so dangerous an accident, he advised all rather to Marry than to Burn. However in these days that Symptom seldom arrives to that height of Madness in Men, since they can easily find the way to a Bawdy-house to prevent it; yet this doth not exclude but that it's as possible in them, as in Women, whose chastity worn into them by a strict education, rather than by the dictates of their seeble reason, diverts them from taking the same course of prevention. Neither is this all the mischief of a Spermatick Plethory, of times transmitting hot putrid steams of Sperm to the brain, (which is not strange, there being that Sympathy and intercourse between the brain and the natural parts, that the least Fancy of a pleasing object puts them into posture,) which insinuating into its substance, engender a Bedlam madness. And what makes so many hundreds of Women run Mad, but that which they call Love? by oft stirring of those inflamed and putrefyed Spermatick fumes, which not being vented through their natural passages, are preternaturally forced up into the pores of the brain, whereby its temperament is subverted, and a venene (venomous) quality subsequent to it, depraves the Fancy into a Madness. Now had these females not been interrupted with Wooers, those parts would have remained dormant, and consequently not attracted or generated such a quantity of Sperm, which otherwise abounding and being oft stirred with their love visions without evacuation, must necessarily putrefy. So that we may hence plainly collect, the first inconvenience Women fall into through rapture of Love, which had hitherto occasioned that plethory and commotion of Sperm, must be Fits of the Mother; because the Seed being augmented, moved, and not vented, must putrefy, and so cause those Fits. 2. The next inconvenience is a Bedlam madness (mania,) produced through a stronger passion of Love, occasioning a greater Plethory (abundance) of Sperm and a stronger commotion, which not being vented, because of the Woman's frustration in her Love, inflames and turns to a more malign venene putrefaction, whose fumes do easily intoxicate (poison) the Brain. Notwithstanding though all sorts of madness imply so difficult a cure, because of the deep latency of a venene cause in a noble part, yet this kind of madness that's occasioned by Love, in the commencement yields to the easiest cure, viz. by slackening the bridle of chastity, whereby vent is given to the putrefying Sperm, and the ascending malign Spermatick fumes revealed (drawn back:) And by that sort of cure I have heard of several Women reduced to their perfect wits; and of two or three Maniacks (Mad-mer,) who although impelled into that distemper through an adust malign Hypochondriack Melancholy, were set to rights again by the kindness of their Mistresses; for which cure there can no other reason be given, than that Venereal evacuations do potently revel (or draw) from the head, (whereby the said Melancholic fumes are retracted downward,) and refrigerate (cool) the adust humours that inflame the Brain; and lastly, abate that over plenitude of raging spirits. Moreover, we may observe that Italians, though extremely disposed to a Maniack Madness, through their adust Melancholic temperature and studious course of life, yet it's a very rare thing to hear of any Maniacks among them, and that certainly for no other reason, than their frequent use of Women, which the indulgence of their Religion has made Universal: on the contrary in those countries', where the severity of their Laws doth strictly enjoin chastity upon the Inhabitants, as in Holland, though the coldness of the Climate and their cold Diet doth oppositely resist Maniack Madness, yet there is not a Town so small, but is provided with a Bedlam, for to secure those numbers of Maniacks both Men and Women. Neither is the benefit of this sort of evacuation so particular, as to relate only to individuals, but that the public also partakes of it, as in Turkey, Italy, and Spain, and other Countries, where Polygamy (having many Wives) and Scortation (Whoring) are tolerated, they find it renders their Subjects both Men and Women more tractable, and obedient to Government, and seldom are known to rebel; questionless, by subtracting great quantities of spirits, which are so copious in the Sperm, the Plethory whereof would otherwise render them (viz. the Spirits) turbulent and furious.  
On the other side where that kind of liberty is restrained, their Subjects do oft fall into furies and rebellions against the Magistrate, as appears too often in these Septentrional (northern) climates: the reason is as before, because the said Plethory, and retention of Sperm renders the Spirits furious and mad.  
This premissory discourse doth not infer so great a damage from an over-repletion of Sperm, but that the detriment of an over-evacuation may be equal, or rather surmount it. Henricus ab Heer in his observations relates the Cure of one of his Patients, whom finding suddenly reduced to the lowest ebb of weakness, could suspect no other cause, but his over-pleasing his Wife; in which surmisal, the Patients Urinal replenished with whitish Spermatick Filaments, and his confession after he had recovered his Speech, confirmed him. This doubtful Cure gave a sufficient testimony of the danger, he was precipitated into through that Venereal Syncope.  
Neither is this the sole Disease those furious Goats arrive to, but are oft strucken with tremble of the joints, Palsies, Gouts, and other neuritick (Sinewy) Diseases. Two years ago, I had a Flemmen in Cure at London, his Disease was a Ptisick in a dangerous degree, or Asthma oft excurring to an Orthopnoea (a Ptisick in the worst degree;) the cause a Metastasis or translation of tartarous humours from his joints to his Lungs; for it seems his preceding Disease was the Gout, which was droven inwards through the unskilfulness of his Physician into his breast. Hereupon I inquired into the first occasion of this Arthritick (of the joints) malady, whether it was Hereditary, or acquired by ill Diet, or by what other external cause; to this he gave me a full satisfaction, ingeniously confessing, that when a young man and married to a lusty Frow he had so travailed himself off his Legs, in yielding to his Wife's insatiableness, that about a year after he fell into an Universal tremor (trembling) of all his joints, that when going his Legs trembled under him, and was no sooner recovered of that, but Arthritick pains succeeded, which afterwards exchanged into an incurable Ptisick. Several other evils this kind of excess produces, but most frequently a Consumption of the Back, which Hypocrates styles a Tabes Dorsalis, appropriating it most to youngmen, surfeiting themselves with the first tastes of their Nuptial (wedding) delights.  
The immediate cause of this Consumption is an insupportable loss of Animal spirits (those that move the joints), engendered by the Medulla Spinalis (or Marrow of the Back) and the Brain, which said loss of spirits must necessarily occasion a great weakness of the Back and Brain, and consequently of all those parts that depend on them, viz. the joints, as the Legs, Arms, etc. 2. The Brain and Back suffering so great a draught of Animal spirits, must necessarily draw a great proportion of Vital blood to recruit themselves, and furnish the other parts, that do so immoderately draw from them, whereby the fleshy and other parts being deprived of their nutriment, must consequently be extenuated, and if continued, reduced to a perfect Consumption.  
That an excessive evacuation of Sperm doth subtract such a large quantity of spirits i● plain to those, that conceive the generation and constitution of it; viz. it's constituted and generated out of a copious (plentiful) conflux (flowing) of Animal spirits, transmitted (sent) from the Brain and Marrow of the Back, through proper chanals, leading into the Testicles, (Cod) whose office is to abstract the purest part of them, and so to knit and unite them into a thick fluid body. Whence taking our Calculation from the essence of wine abstracted from its first body, it appears probable, that the Sperm being an essence abstracted from a great quantity of Animal spirits, (which again are essences abstracted from a large proportion of Vital blood) doth in the quantity of a dram contain as many Animal spirits, as are contained in an ounce within the Nerves, which ounce of spirits can be abstracted from no less than eight ounces of Vital blood; if so, you may easily apprehend what damage the body must suffer by a small loss of Sperm. That Sperm is ultimately abstracted from Animal spirits is evident, in regard the Brain and Back do so immediately partake of the Symptoms of an immoderate evacuation, viz. a great weakness and pain of the Back, a contracting pain of the Sinews in the Neck, and all the Muscles of the Body, and obtusion (dulness) of the senses, both internal and external, etc. I could insert many other arguments, clearly demonstrating that assertion, but that my compendious design will scarce permit.  
To conclude, I shall only add two ways of immoderate evacuation of Sperm, viz. by over-frequent converses with Women; and by a Running of the Reins.   

CHAP. XXI. Of a Consumption of the Kidneys.  
THe bare words of a Consumption of the Kidneys, do plainly declare their proper intendment, and therefore shall spare my pains of proposing a Description; that which falls most in consideration, is the causes thereof, which may be conceived to work that Symptom various ways, viz. by starving of the Kidneys; by colliquation; (melting) by devoration or corrosion (gnawing) of their substance; or by dissolving of their fundamental mixture. In reference to the first; they may be starved through obstruction of the Emulgent Vessels, that should transport their nutriment to them; or through a compression and coarctation (shrinking) of their substrance by reason of some compressing tumour within their flesh, as a Scirrus, Oedema, or an Apostem, or quantity of Gravel generated within their Parenchyma (substance,) or from a compressing cause from without, yet within their capacity or Pelvis, as a Stone, etc.  
2. The humours and Fat of the Kidneys are apt to be colliquated (melted) through a great heat from within, as an Ardent (burning) colliquative (melting) Fever, or an inflammation of their flesh; or through an excessive heat from without; as through over-riding, running, going, sitting with the back against a Fire, or against the hot Sun.  
3. Mordicant excrementitions Gall, and Armoniac tartar ablegated (scent) thither with the Urine, do inflame, corrode, and Ulcerate their flesh, whereby it's converted into matter: or Gravel and Stone, generated within their capacity do oft grind away their flesh, and effuse their blood, apparent in a Sanguine Emiction (making water.) 4. Sometimes a malign humour insinuates into their substance, causing an immediate dissolution of their Balsamic principles, which happens now and then in malign Fevers; and by taking of poisons, as Cantharideses, the Herb Dipsacus, etc. Through these kinds of Consumptions the Kidneys have been observed some to be eaten away by an Ulcer to the ambient (cirrounding) Skin, others to be dried into a friable (brittle) substance.  
Each sort of these Consumptions is detected by its proper Signs, viz. a colliquative Consumption by a great heat in the upper part of the Loins, a high coloured Urinal with a number of small streeks of fat, swimming a top in the form of a Cobweb. An Ulcer of the Kidneys is known by a grating pain in the Loins, and excretion of matter, descending to the bottom of the Urinal. The other sorts are likewise distinguished by particular signs.   

CHAP. XXII. Of a Consumption of the Lungs.  
A Consumption of the Lungs may import two significations; the one, a considerable wasting of the Lungs themselves; the other, their occasioning the entire body to consume without any great loss of their own substance. We shall relate our discourse to both.  
Reflecting upon the particular substance of the Lungs, their situation, and connexion, (fastening) we shall discover them to be very much exposed to extern and intern injuries, and no less capable of injuring the Noble parts, whereby the whole by reason of its absolute dependence on them must likewise receive a great prejudice. Anatomy exhibits the Lungs to be of a lax, porous, light, or spongy texture of substance, which wise Nature hath so form, for to answer her scope, in a continual motion of inspiring and expiring the Air, whereunto a weighty body would otherwise prove very disobedient, and unless porous and pervious (full of holes) like to a Sponge unfit to imbibe and transcolate (strain) the Air; for in effect the office of the Lungs is only to serve the heart in the capacity of Aereal strainers, to strain the air and separate it from gross, or other offensive inherents it may carry with it. Wherefore since the Lungs by reason of their office are obliged to a perpetual commerce with the Air, (which is subject to momentary alterations, now cold, hot, dry, or moist, then thick, thin, foggy, rymy, stinking, poisonous,) they must necessarily lie open to great yea irreparable damages, especially where their bodies are so unapt to resist or sustain them, because of their thin, and lacerable (easily to be tared) composure.  
To these inspirable hurts we may annumerate those they sustain from their expiration of all sort of noxious (offensive) and fuliginous (sooty) steams, and stinking putrid breaths, and besides all that being constantly employed in motion without acquiring a moment's rest. Their situation is within the breast, hung perpendicular under the Brain, and near to the heart, whose wings they represent, whereunto they are connected by the Arteria Venosa and Vena Arteriosa; by means of which situation they are exposed to receive all the droppings from the Brain, whence Coughs, Ptisicks, Ulcers; besides the ill humours the Vena Arteriosa conveys thither, which together with those distillations from the Brain, finding them a very fit Cistern, because of their Sponginess, do oft force them into such a swelling, as may justly be termed a Dropsy of the Lungs. Next considering their coherence with the heart, are thereby rendered more capable of doing the greatest mischiefs.  
By the precedence you may now observe, how facile it is to drop into a Consumption of the Lungs, a Disease that is so fatal to London's Inhabitants; and no wonder, but a greater wonder any can steal away into their Graves without a Consumption, considering the pernicious air of the City, the weaknesses of Lungs people inherit from their Parents, and their exposal to those injuries, we have just now instanced.   

CHAP. XXIII. Of the kinds of Pulmonique Consumptions.  
A Consumption of the Lungs is either without, or with an Ulceration. That without arrives through a Scirrosity, Apostem, Putrefaction of humours within its pores, or a Crude tubercle (a small hard swelling.) 1. The Lungs oft imbibing Phlegmatic and Melancholic humours, (that are distilled from the Brain, or conveyed thither through its pores and chanals,) are now and then deprehended Scirrous (of a stony hardness) by dissipation (dispersion) of the subtler parts, and lapidification (conversion into a stony substance) of the grosser that remain, or they may be left indurated (hardened) through the gross relics of a Peripneumonia, or inflammation of the Lungs. 2. By Disfection of expired Pulmonicks, (diseased in their Lungs) their Lungs have oft appeared full of small hard Imposthums. 3. Excrementitious humours, such as are expectorated by a Cough after a Cold, or in an Asthma (Ptisick) Peripneumonia, or Pleurisy, are very apt to putrefy and corrupt in the Lungs, (as appears by the stinking breath of such that are so indisposed,) whereby their accessary nutriment being vitiated, (rendered faulty) and rejected by the Lungs, they are occasioned to waste. 4. A Crude Tubercle obstructing the inspiration of fresh air, and expiration of the fuliginous steams of the heart, doth thereby extremely inflame and dry the Lungs, the continuation whereof doth at last reduce them to an absolute withering.  
How these kinds of Consumptions propagate their evil to the whole body, may easily be collected from the former discourse.   

CHAP. XXIV. Of an Ulcerous Pulmonique Consumption  
HEre I must make my Reader familiar with the Traditional notions, young Students in Physic derive from their Hackney Authors, upon an Ulcerous Consumption of the Lungs. And to be more methodical, it's not unnecessary to digest their documents into several classes.  
1. Let's make a disquisition of what they make of it. Pulverinus, Godofred. Steeghius' fol. 447. and Sennert. 305. define it a Disease of a diminished bulk, (diminuta magnitudo.) Hollerius, Duretus, Forest. Nic. Piso, etc. state it a Disease of a discontinuated Unity, (Soluta Unitas,) because it sourceth from an Ulcer in the Lungs. Platerus passes it by, though Mercurial subtly spies three sorts of Diseases in it, viz. a diminished quantity, a discontinuated unity, and a hot distemper. But Capivao. comments it chief to be an hot distemper, there being a continual heat of the parts, and an inflammation of the Lungs, always conspicuous in that Disease. What to assert among these once great Rabbis seems at first sight difficult, but upon a little pausing upon the matter you'll find it a clear case. Those that infer a discontinuated Unity, namely the Ulcer in the Lungs for the Disease, mistake the Disease for its cause, the Ulcer being the chief cause of the Consumption. Neither can they be thought orthodox that fling in their verdicts for a diminuted magnitude, that rather appearing to be an effect, or symptom of the Ulcer in the Lungs, and so is the heat of the parts; so that none of 'em can hit one another in the teeth, that they are in the wrong. But should I insist longer upon these trifles, I am like to make myself a participant of their ridiculous discourses, and therefore shall step over to give you a brief of the causes, they allow to the foresaid Consumption; though indeed I ought to have touched, what part they generally conclude the place affected; which some will have the Lungs, others the heart, and many the whole body. The Author of that Treatise entitled De definite. Medic. brings in likewise the breast, (thorax,) throat, and aspera arteria (windpipe) being affected with a malign Ulcer, for seats of an Ulcerous Consumption.  
Touching the internal causes of this sort of Consumption, Dogmatists do universally state an Ulcer of the Lungs to be the immediate cause, which happens sometime in the Parenchyma or flesh of the Lobes of the Lungs; othertimes in their pipes, (bronchia.  
This Ulcer in the Lungs may be occasioned by several mediate causes, viz.  
1. Sharp bilious (choleric) corrosive (gnawing) humours, issuing out at the pores or lips of the veins, into the spongy substance of the Lungs, whose flesh they afterwards devour & corrupt, soon making a putrid hole or cavern, which is then termed an Ulcer of the Lungs.  
2. Hypocrates assigns a ferin (wild and taring) Catarrh falling into the Lungs, for another antecedent cause of a Pulmonique Ulcer: a ferin Catarrh is an hot, thin, and sharp distillation of Rheum, which streaming to the Lungs, gnaws their veins and flesh, and so effects an Ulcer.  
3. Gross Phlegm stagnating (lying still) in the Lungs, in process of time putrefies, and acquires a gnawing quality, thereby making prey of the substance of the Lungs.  
4. The rapture (breaking) of a vein in the Lungs, effusing blood into their pores, where it immediately putrefies and Ulcerates.  
The Ulcer these causes produce in the Lungs, Hypocrates calls a ferin (wild) Ulcer, because the Nails of those, whose Lungs are Ulcerated, are recurvated or turned back like the claws of wild beasts, that is, when they begin to draw near to their long home.  
Moreover this sort of Ulcer is ever cirrounded with an inflammation, which being digested into matter, renders the Ulcer so much the more sordid.  
To these we'll add two more, namely a Pleurisy, which by expectorating (spitting out humours by coughing) sharp putrid matter through the Lungs, may now and then occasion an Ulcer.  
Lastly, an Empyema or a collection of purulent matter in the capacity (hollow) of the breast, if not suddenly cured, doth undoubtedly impel the Patient into a Phthisical Consumption.  
Chemists impute the cause to a corrosive salt, that's divorced from the Sulphur and Mercury of the blood, and afterwards dissolved in those liquors, that distil into the Lungs.   

CHAP. XXV. Containing a disquisition upon the causes praecited.  
THe indexterity and worse success of the most famous of our Consumption Curers, do evidently demonstrate their dimness in beholding its causes; and upon that account we may justly pry into the mysteries they involve them in, and unravel what is so strongly knit in every Physician's pericranium▪ To this purpose we are to gaze each limb of that Doctrine by itself under the aspect of these ensuing Queries.  
1. What kind of Choler this is that prove● so ravenous upon the Lungs?  
So careless are Authors in this particular, that they imagine the cause of a Consumption sufficiently delared in their scripts, by imputing it to excrementitious choler; but whether they denote the ordinary yellow gall, (bilis flava) vitellin, green, red, or adust black choler, is left as a bone for every Readers discretion to knabble at: if we should commit the first of these, namely yellow, or vitellin choler to the test, common observation in yellow Jaundises, and other Diseases excuses them from such an Ulcerous acrimony (sharpness,) wherein though very copious and rampant, injure the body no other way than by deforming it with a citrinous (yellowish) discolouration.  
In the next place, yellow gall is so familiar with the substance of the Lungs, that they seem to thirst chief after the more yellowish or choleric part of the blood for their nutriture.  
Green gall the Institutists would persuade us, to be an effect of an overhot Stomach, produced out of the hotter proportion of the chyle, (the white juice of the Stomach,) which varies in deepness of colour, according to the intenseness of the heat of the Stomach, some being of a lighter green like Verdegrease, thence called Aeruginous gall (Bilis Aeruginosa,) other of a deeper stain, or of a dark brownish green, like boiled Calwort leaves, or woad, thence termed Bilis Glastea; another of a green, different from both like to a leek, therefore denominated Bilis Porracea, i. e. Leeky gall. Neither is't their judgement, that any of these greene's should be capacitated of damnifying the Lungs, because of the remoteness of their hearth; and was their Spring of a nearer situation, they cannot well tell how from a corrosive gall to derive the other Symptoms, that usually attend Pulmonique Consumptives, as moist Phlegmatic coughs, frequent spittings, drowsiness, and dulness of the senses; which rather declare their dependence on a cold Phlegmatic humour, than a sharp choleric one. Whence we may deduct a second and third Query. viz. 2. How chance such cold Symptoms in Consumptions to issue from an hot cause? 3. Upon surmisal that Aeruginous gall should gnaw Ulcers in the Lungs, is it transmitted to them from the brain (whether it may be supposed to be sublimed from the Stomach) by distillation, or through the Vena arteriosa? If either way, why should it pass through the principal parts, as the Heart, or the Brain, without annoying either, which seem of a more tender disposition than the Lungs, that are hardened with the weather, or extern air they inspire? 4. It's wonder Authors never summoned blue gall for the cause of Consumptions, which the expectorated (spit out by Cough) matter oft appears tincted with; and beyond that, the Lungs of expired Consumptives do not seldom appear full of those blue kind of Spots, which instance together with the eruption of blue spots (exant hemata livida) in malign Fever, are a certain attest of blue gall. This the Institutists have so little noted, that they never thought of putting it in their Institutes. However not questioning whether Green, Blue, or Black be the mischief, supposing it to be any of them, and situated near or about the Stomach, why should it prove more Anarrhopous, (flowing upwards) so as to attaque the Lungs, than Catarrhapous, (flowing downwards,) as it doth in a Dysentery (bloody flux) pains of the Haemorrhoids, inflammation of any of the lower parts, Diabetes (a continual pissing) or a hot Dysury (difficulty of making water.) 5. In what part of the body is the true spring, or source, where this corrosive choler is engendered? 6. Whether a Pulmonique Consumption never happeneth but upon spitting or coughing up blood? 7. By what power or quality doth fleam stagnating in the Lungs cause a Consumption? 8. Whether that consuming fleam is harboured in the Pipes, or substance of the Lungs within their Pores? 9 Whether the foreinstanced fleam distils from the head▪ or be imported through the Vessels? 10. Whether an Hectic Fever be a cause of a Consumption, or a symptom of the cause of a Consumption, or symptom of the Consumption itself? 11. Whether a Pulmonique Consumption cannot happen without the concomitance of an Hectic Fever? 12. Whether there be no other sort of true, perfect, or proper Consumptions, than a Pulmonique (of the Lungs) Consumption? These and many other problems being passed by, not only for stating of them, but resolving, do impeach Physicians of their sloth, and absolute insufficiency of curing Consumptions, which unless determined is a pregnant testimony, they manage their office in that Disease with as little Skill as Conscience. Neither is the reader to behave himself so strict and precise as to be contented with no less clear a solution than a demonstration, our notions in Physic being of that scantness, as seldom reach beyond a rational conjecture; which if I engaged to remonstrate here in this Chapter, should in order of discourse be obliged to make use of the terms and principles inserted in this and the preceding Chapter, and that with the same disadvantage other assertions have hitherto so obscurely been proved. Wherefore I shall refer you to the next ensuing Chapter, where I do expect a grain's or two allowance, which all men have granted them in attempting a solution of doubts by themselves stated.   

CHAP. XXVI. Of a more apparent cause of a Pulmonique Consumption.  
THe passage to this abstuse (hidden) speculation is like a Labyrinth (maze) divided into several stops, turn or wind, where at each division we must halt, to advise what way lies most direct whither we are designed; for the truth of causes steps so lightly through men's imaginations, that they must use great subtlety to tract its vestiges (footsteps,) which we find now adays so obliterated (blotted out) with their course searches, that it seems almost barricadoed from any intellectual approach. In pursuit of this precept we'll advert you of several stops or wind, being necessary positions, whose light will lead you to that so obscure cause of a Consumption of the Lungs.  

Thesis' 1.  
Symptoms impressed by corrosion point at corrosive bodies for their causes. In Pulmonique Consumptions the preternatural concomitants (attendants) viz. an universal heat of the body, an Hectic Fever, a torminous diarrhé, (gripping looseness) acre (sharp) and hot distillations, etc. have all a stamp of a Corrosive (gnawing) quality, and consequently are introduced by a corrosive humour.   

Thesis' 2.  
There are but two sorts of corrosive humours engendered within the body of man, namely, Choler and Melancholy; And between these the impute of a Consumptive cause will lie. Touching Fleam, and that they single for pure blood, neither can be imagined participant of acrimony, but rather demulcers, and qualifyers of it. Which of the two abovementioned corrosives is the chief actor here, the following positions will resolve you.   

Thesis' 3.  
Choler is the lightest, and most inflammable part of the blood. Whence namely from its inflammability it's resembled to, and called a Sulphur. This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall bitter, as their proverb more peremptorily implies, it's as bitter as Gall; whereas in effect, there's nothing gustable, sweeter; for what is most inflammable must be most unctuous, fat and oily, nothing being apt to take flame than Oil, Fat, Butter, and other unctuous bodies; and what is most oily and unctuous must needs partake of a sweet savour, namely, of a fat sweetness, which Physicians term Pingue dulce, or a fat sweet; and of that gust is the Gall or Choler, being the flower and butter of the Blood. This appears more evident in milk, which is nothing but blood turned white, by being diluted (watered) with a greater quantity of Serum or whey, (that is a certain waterish liquor floating in the Vessels) in the Glandules (Kernels) of the breast; now milk being charned in a Tub vomits up its butter, which is that light and inflammable part reduced to its native colour, and above termed Gall.   

Thesis' 4.  
Choler is in itself resistent of having any kind of bitterness extracted, or produced out of it; no, not by any kind of inflammation. If any force will impress such a bitterness, as is thought to be in choler, it must be by adustion (burning) or putting it into a flame, which is so far from admitting an Empyreume (burning,) or conceiving any bitter ashes, that consisting of a pure oily nature, when set in flame, it burns clear away without leaving any cinders or adust matter, to attest its latent (hidden) bitterness; as doth more plainly appear in Butter, Tallow, or Oil, burning away in a Lamp, without leaving any thing bitter behind them.   

Thesis' 5.  
What amaritude (bitterness) or acrimony (sharpness) is deprehended in Choler, it acquires from a commixture of Melancholy, or extern malign bodies imported with the air. This Thesis is a necessary consequence of the next preceding; for if gall cannot be rendered acrimonious (sharp) or bitter of itself, nor by inflammation; than necessarily whatever acrimony or amaritude at any time redounds in it, must be derived from the admixture of another sharp bitter substance, which among the humours can be no other than Melancholy; Phlegm and pure blood, being reputed allayers of acrimony, and upon that account Avicen countermands letting blood in choleric bodies, because he esteems the blood (which he chief here intends pure blood and Phlegm) a fraenum bilis, or a bridle of the Gall, obtunding (dulling) its acrimony and fierceness.   

Thesis' 6.  
Choler being set in fire, and acting upon Melancholy, or rather calcining it into small acuated (sharp pointed) minimal bodies, is by their incorporation with itself, rendered acrimonious and bitter; whence I conclude Choler accidentaly bitter and acrimonious, but not in itself.  
This bitterness and acrimony varies in intenseness and remissness, according to the degree of calcination of Melancholy, and proportion of Choler it is admixed to.   

Thesis' 7.  
Choler by the premises is evidenced of being capable only of flaming and kindling a Fever in the body; and consequently Melancholy calcined by the flames of Choler must remain the sole cause of acrimony, and corrosion, and inclusively of occasioning Ulcers both within and without the body.   

Thesis' 8.  
The heart beating vigorously and strong, doth together with its Sulphurous flames expel the foresaid calcined melancholy to the circumference, especially if the said humour be but diluted (watered) with the serosity (waterish liquor) of the blood. Neither is this sole vital faculty sufficient to exterminate (turn out) noxious humours to the periphery or outward parts, unless the animal faculty be concurrent with it, to supply the Fibres with Animal Spirits, which do not only render them strong to expel, but sensible of feeling the least sting of any offensive humour, whence they are immediately pricked or spurred to contract themselves, and by means of that contraction to expel. If on the contrary the heart beats weak, and the animal faculty be found faintish, the foresaid acrimonious humour remains within and causes internal erosions.  
Moreover, notwithstanding the strength of both faculties, the humours expelled to the circumference, are apt now and then to regurgitate (flow back,) by reason of obstructions in the capillar (very small like hairs) veins, terminating in the extremities.  
Hitherto we have discoursed of the same causes, how they happen to engender several Diseases, though in the same bodies, but at different times.  
That which falls next in consideration, is an answer to the fourth Query of the Chapter preceding, viz. Why the same corrosive humour should sometimes prove Anarrhopous (flowing upwards,) and generate Diseases in the upper parts; and otherwhiles Catarrhopous (flowing downwards,) impressing maladies upon the lower.  
The occasion of the various diversion of the foresaid humour is situate partly in the disposition of the part Mandant; the strength and weakness of the vital and animal faculty; the parts transmitting, or giving passage; the disposition of the part recipient (receiving;) and the qualification of the humour transmitted.  
The part Mandant (sending or expelling) is here chief intended for the place, where this acrimonous humour is generated, and hearth or spring, whence it sourceth and crupts.  
The place is, where the acrimonious (nourishing) humours are primarly (first) concocted, or receive the form of humours, and where they are afterwards further wrought, purified and clarified. This assertion probably will accuse many parts more, than what ordinarily Physicians have their eye upon.  
The Stomach is a part that primarly digests, and converts Victuals transmitted thither, into a whitish or cineritious (like ashes) humour, called the Chyle, which if it be not exactly dissolved into an even through melted juice, must necessarily abound with thick and gross admixtures. Now, it's a current saying among us, that the fault of the first concoction or digesture is not amended in the second, (vitium primae coctionis non corrigitur in secunda;) wherefore the chyle being transmitted crude and gross into the Vessels, and arriving in the Spleen and Liver, sticks in the capillar veins, and keeps in the heat or hot steams that should arise out of their Parenchymae (or fleshy substance) to ferment attenuate, and defaecate (clarify) the blood. The heat of those entrails being thus enclosed and penned up, redoubles, and gradually after it hath extremely dried and scorched, burns and calcines them into a kind of fixed Salt, which according to the nature of the Victuals, (whence they received their constitution) and the intention of heat, proves a Nitrous, Vitriolat, or Armoniac Salt. The Spleen in this case is found to contain a Mine more frequently producing an Armoniac, and Vitriolat Salt, with a small admixture of a coagulated Sulphur.  
The Liver is the more fertile parturient of Nitrous▪ and sometimes of a Vitriolat and Armoniac tartar, but with so copious a commixture of coagulated (thickened) choler or Sulphur, that it ought rather to be named a Cinnabrin or Aeruginous Sulphur, from the greater proportion of Sulphur to a far smaller of Salt. The heart we conceive to be the sole mine of Arsenical Sulphur, whose pernicious steams insulting upon the Vital Spirits, produce malign and spotted Fevers.  
The Stomach is likewise oft stuffed between its tunicks (coats,) and in the smaller branches of Vessels, that are inserted into its body, with the dregs of obstructive crude chyle, whereout such Salts and Sulphurs are calcined and extracted, as in acrimony and corrosion prove no wise inferior to those engendered in the Spleen or Liver, since produced with so intense a heat as is required for the first solution of the hardest food; and probably a stronger heat, being raised to a higher pitch by obstructions, and the ebullition of some of those acrimonious bodies already engendered.  
That the Stomach is so common a spring of Consumptive sublimations and distillations, needs no other proof, than the sense of the Patient, attesting a great clog and oppression at his Stomach, oft crying out, if that were removed, he should be well; besides his nauseousness, vomiting, and difficulty of digesture, he finds his gullet all along very sore, rough, and stuffed with humours, subliming upwards, which sometimes may not reach so high as his brain, but are imbibed by the tonsils and other Glanduls about the Throat, where in like manner aforesaid, they are dissolved into an oil, and so distil between the Membranes of the Aspera arteria into the Lungs. To this the remedies (argumentum à juvantibus) add an unquestionable verdict; Vomitives being twice or thrice exhibited in the beginning or augment, do oft eradicate the mineral cause of a Consumption. Likewise Lohocks, and Syrups that are so usually prescribed, do immediately seem to abate and demulce the hoarseness and violence of a Cough, by mollifying the▪ ruggedness of the intern tunic of the Gullet, and thickening or rendering the matter of the Cough, that ascends upwards between the tunicks of the foresaid Oesophogus, more glib or slippery. So that we must not imagine, that Syrups or other expectoratives do ad-advantage in Coughs, by slipping down between the Epiglottis; for as I instanced before, that must necessarily occasion a greater Cough, and difficulty of respiration. Neither is't probable they circulate about to the heart and Vena arteriosa, to arrive to the Lungs; for before that time their sweetness whereby they are supposed to lenifye a Cough, and other virtues, would be obtused and altered into other qualities; or if we should admit that supposal, they could not be thought to auxiliate the Cough in so short a space as they do.  
Having now given you a divertisement in declaring the parts Mandant, we are to proceed in illustrating, whence the said salin and sulphurous productions receive their direction or first motion, that renders them Anarrhopous, not passing by to indigitate (point) at the parts Transmittent▪ we'll suppose the Spleen the chiefer of the two harths, or parts Mandant, and principally obstructed in its lower parts and Splenick branch, whence a potent heat breaking forth causes the Orgasmus (a swelling fermentation) to boil or tend upwards, or rather sublimes the forementioned calcined Salts through the Arteries up into the right Ventricle of the Heart, where having passed another reverberation are propelled into the Lungs through the Vena arteriosa.  
Moreover we must likewise allow a small commixture of Sulphur to the Salts, which doth not only contribute a force to the calcination, but a facility to the sublimation. This fixed Vitriolat or sometimes Armoniac Salt being impelled into the pores of the Spongy flesh of the Lungs, meets there with a serosity, or waterish kind of moisture, dissolving it immediately into an Oleum per Deliquium, (an oily liquor) like other calcined Salts are apt to do, when they arrive to any waterish moisture, as being put in a Cellar, or placed over warm water. The salt now turned into a corrosive liquor or oil, is rendered capable of penetrating (piercing) into the smallest and deepest pores of the Lungs, whose flesh it soon dilacerates (tares) and gnaws into an Ulcer; and not only so, but being endued with a quality, all other calcined Salts are (as you may experience by holding Allom or Salt-peter in your mouth) of attracting and raising fleam and moisture out of the Lungs and other parts adjacent, doth continually incite the Lungs, to avoid great quantities of spittle, sleam, and other sharp stinking matter by Cough.  
Lastly, the Stomach as it first sowed the Seeds of this evil, so it continues likewise to foment them, and act the part of another chief Mandant; and in some it's found to be sole and principal; which as I expressed before, being stuffed in its tunicks, obstructed in the inserted Vessels, and clogged round about with a weight of acrimonious humours, doth likewise glow with a strong heat, whereby the said salin accumulations (gatherings or heaps) are sublimed, according to the length and direction of the intern and extern membranes of the Oesophagus (or gullet▪) to the brain, by whose waterish moisture it's likewise dissolved into an oleum per Deliquium, (or liquor like oil,) which through its attractiing and raising of liquor, doth overwhelm the brain with sleam and moisture, whence because of its weight and pricking, it's continually precipitated into the Lungs, viz. according to the direction and longitude of the membranes, down into the aspera arteria (windpipe,) that is between its membranes, not through the epyglott is (the grisly cover of the windpipe,) for that would immediately set the patiented a Coughing. Thus a ferin Catarrh happens, which through its corrosive (gnawing) quality oft Ulcerates the Lungs; especially if seconded by those Salin sublimations from the Spleen.  
Neither is the Liver always excusable, now and then transmitting a cinabrin Sulphur, through the Vena cava to the Brain, or Heart, and thence to the Lungs, being likewise generated by a reduplicated heat, occasioned through the obstructions of its Capillars (small veins like hairs,) and branches that tend to the Gall Bladder. So that hereby the Spleen more frequently and principally, next the Stomach, than the Liver, do demonstratively appear to the parts Mandant; the Brain, Heart, Thymus, Glandules of the Gullet, and Tonsils the parts transmitting, or only giving passage to the humours forced up thither from other parts.  
Here you may take notice of a grand error among Practitioners, opinionating the Brain the chief part Mandant, when distempered with a cold humorous intemperament, and distilling into the Lungs: and of this finister sentiment are they so confidently possessed, that they bend all their prescripts and devises to dry up this fountain of Rheum, to which purpose Crato's Amber Pills, Fonseca's Decoction of Sanders, Erastus his Diet Drink of Guaiacum and Salsa, absorbing Emplasters to be applied to the head, Fontanels (Issues,) Ven●oses (Cupping-glasses,) Vesicatories (Emplasters to draw Blasters,) and Phlebotomy (opening a Vein) are all summoned in as Herculean auxiliaries (helps,) to dry the Brain, but rather the purse.  
Another opinion they are very fond of, is, that the internal part of the Aspera arteria (windpipe) is the part transmittent, an absurdity every drop that goes down the wrong way will confute. What other ridiculous tenants they foment touching Catarrhs, were a shame to recite to such as know better things.  
How the Vital and Animal faculties prove accidental occasions of this evil, through their faintness, whereby they are incapacitated of propelling those noxious (offensive) sublimates downwards, is apodictically expressed in the beginning of the eight Thesis, (position) and therefore we'll supersede the needless pains of a repetition, only we'll add the positive concurrence of the Animal and Vital Spirits in directing and derivating (drawing) the foresaid sublimates to the heart and brain; namely, encountering with each annoying and pernicious effumations (smokes,) are compelled to a retreat to their Spring head, whither they do likewise conduct those Salin steams along with them. The Recipient part is the Lungs, who are partly passive in being forced to receive, and partly active in attracting such corrosive Salts. Their situation and connexion obliges them to receive the precipitates from the Brain, Heart, and Stomach; their acts of expiration (breathing out) attract potently from the Veins, Arteries, and other parts, as appears in those fuliginous (sooty) smokes, and putrid steams they expire. What doth further dispose them to a necessity of receiving those salts, and other malign humours, a repeated Survey of Chap. 22. will abundantly satisfy you.  
The qualification requisite in the humour transmitted (viz. the destilled liquor) may easily be deduced from the premises; namely, a degree of acrimony wrought into a tartarous humour by calcination, reaching at least to the ascent of a Vitriolat, if not an Armoniac Salt.  
By the way take this for none of the least important remarks, that this liquor, that's produced out of the solution of a Vitriolat Salt sublimed to the Brain, if accidently it should penetrate into the concave of the Nerves, (as it would easily do, since consisting of a sharp salin thin insinuating substance, were it not diverted by being precipitated into distillations,) it ordinarily causes Convulsions and Epilepsies (the Falling Sickness.)  
The Second, Third, and Fifth Problems being all resolved in the contents of the solution of this fourth, we'll step over to the sixth; Whether a Pulmonique Consumption never happeneth but upon spitting or coughing up blood? Galen and his Cotemporaries did commonly observe Pulmonique Consumptions to follow a spitting of blood, whence many of his Sectators do still persist in the same tenant, not considering, that what was usual in Galen's time may be less common now; for Pulmonique Consumptions do as frequently appear among us here, that are molested only with an acrimonious moist kind of Cough, as those, that have fallen into that evil upon spitting of blood, happening upon a rapture, or corrosion of a vein in the Lungs.  
Besides my own sentiment, I'll insert the observations of Argenterius and Fernelius; The former in his Comment. 3. in Art. Medic. Gal. gives a relation of four women, that died all of exquisite Ulcerous Pulmonique Consumptions, none whereof coughed up blood. And Fernelius writes thus: Some upon the spitting only of a liquid and yellowish humour, being taken with a small Fever, have begun to consume, and a long time after did spit a little blood mixed with matter; but I have likewise observed a many that died Consumptive, in whom there was not not the least appearance of blood throughout their whole sickness.  
Moreover, observe there is an Ulcerous disposition of the Lungs, and an Ulcer of the Lungs; And both these may be appositely termed causes of a Pulmonique Consumption, or Consumption of the Lungs. By an Ulcerous disposition of the Lungs, I intent a perfusion of acrimonious salin liquors (such as I instanced before) throughout the body of the Lungs, insensibly drying, gnawing, and absorbing their flesh, and likewise insensibly dissipating it into vapours and exhalations through the pores of the Parenchyma, and ambient Membrane; which latter though Galen denies to be pervious with a number of small holes, is found to be so by Aristotle's and others experience.  
Thus the Lungs of many deceased Consumptives have been discovered quite consumed, nothing remaining but the ambient (cirrounding) Membrane (skin,) and a number of withered veins and filaments (threads,) without the precedence of spitting of blood or matter.  
Moreover as I observed in Chap. 23. a Consumption of the Lungs may also arrive upon a scirrosity, hard Apostems, (as At heroms, Steotoms, etc.) putrefaction of humours within its pores, and a crude tubercle, or drying scorching fuliginous steams continually fuming from the heart, without the least appearance of expectorated blood. In this particular I remember one of our elderly Oxford Physicians proved disappointed of his Prognostics, or rather Diagnosticks. A Scholar applying himself to him for information, whether he were in a Consumption, was answered with a question, whether he spitted blood? whereat the Scholar replied negatively; than said he, 'tis but a Ptisick Cough, and I'll warrant you from a Consumption, though three months after he left a Skeleton behind him, to witness what he died of.  
The Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Query you'll find solved by what is declared already.  
The Tenth is, Whether an Hectic Fever be a cause of a Consumption, or a symptom of the cause (Symptom causae) of a Consumption, or a Symptom of the Consumption itself, (symptom symptomatis?) Certainly it's a symptom of the cause, and a fellow symptom with the Consumption of the entire body.  
The Eleventh demand is, Whether a Pulmonique Consumption may not happen without the concomitance of an Hectic Fever? This I may safely conclude, there is many a Pulmonique Consumption without the evident signs of an Hectic Fever, viz. a sharp equal heat over the whole body, a glowing of the extremities an hour or two after meat, a quick low pulse, etc. without which I can attest, I have found several Consumptives, though for what I knew, there might very probably have been a latent (hidden) Hectic. However for the most part there is a sensible Hectic attend Consumptives. But out of this discourse there may be a very important question started, Whether that Hectic Fever be a Morbus in esse (a Disease already generated,) or a Morbus in fieri (a Disease in engendering? If we suppose it a Morbus in esse, than though the Ulcer were dried up and cured, the Hectic would remain, as being a Fire kindled out of the Innate heat and Radical moisture into an actual flame, and depending upon no fuel but its self, which would continue burning until the radical moisture were burned away. On the other hand, if we consider it as a Morbus in fieri, than it must have its dependence upon putulent steams dispersed from the heart together with the blood to the parts, where arriving they cause a kind of heat and glowing in the substantial principles, whereby they are set in fire, until the purulent acrimonious steams are dissipated. The symptoms make this appear very probable, viz. a glowing heat being a new fermentation two hours after victuals, excited through the appelling purulent corrosive steams, transported thither with the blood. 2. The Pulses confirm the same inference, changing quick, hot, and acre (biting to the touch) at the advent (coming) of the foresaid steams; and after a while when they are consumed and expelled by transpiration, they return to a more moderate motion, until the next flood of fermenting matter. 3. Were this assertion not admitted, that the foresaid Pulmonick Hectic is a Morbus in fleri, than necessarily an Hectic once kindled would impel the patiented into a Marcour, though the Ulcer in the Lungs were cicatrized; the contrary whereof hath been discovered in several; so that you may rest certain, that the Ulcer being cured, the Hectic vanishes with it. Hence you may extract, what I intent by an Hectic Fever, namely the Innate heat kindled into a destructive fire, violently absorbing the oily Radical moisture, through the appulse of salin steams, which through their contrariety to the Balsamic mixture excite a fervent fermentation in this latter, like oil of Vitriol, poured upon oil of tartar, or water upon lime.  
Lastly, we'll conclude Ulcers that succeed the bursting of a Vein in the Lungs, and some others induced by other causes, to depend for a considerable time, before they can attain to that height of exciting an Hectic Fever; for we cannot suppose the Heart to consist of so small a force, as not to be able to resist those purulent fumes for a while, and divert them from the other parts, into whose Penetrails (depth) to insinuate, some proportion of time must be allowed.  
The Twelfth and last Interrogatory is, Whether there be any other sort of true, perfect, exquisite, or proper (for those terms are reciprocately used by Authors) Consumptions, besides a Pulmonique Consumption? This Query implies rather a controversy about words, than the thing it▪ self; for if they resolve to term no other an exquisite or proper Consumption, but a Consumption of the Lungs, (words being to be understood, ex intentione imponent is, from the intention of him that imposes the word,) then the case needs no debate; but if the words are to be taken (ex apprehensione intelligent is) from the apprehension of those that understand, or whom they are spoken to, than the register of Consumptions will be much enlarged. Now so it is, that the common intendment states a proper Consumption, a dissolution or corruption of the Balsamic principles; and consequently if differencing perfect Consumptions by the variety of their causes, and seats of those said causes, we must infer many more, as an Hypochondriack, Amorous, Ulcerous, Cancerous, Renal, Dorsal, and many other sorts of Consumptions before commented upon.  
If probably I have not proposed resolves to these Queries, that are enough seasoned for every Readers palate, I must beg his excuse upon pretence, it's but the first rough draft, which upon a second attempt may be rendered better polished: However such as they be, they'll prove a more luminous and sovereign Directory for the Conservative, Preservative, and Curative part of a Consumption, than any hitherto offered to view.    

CHAP. XXVII. Of some less frequent and rarer causes of a Pulmonique and other sorts of Consumptions.  
TO decline confusion of causes we have reserved these▪ being of a more rare emergency, for a particular remark. This distinction of Consumptions is universally observed, that some are moist, others dry. A moist Consumption receives its nomenclature (name) from a moist sputation (spitting) or expectoration that attends it; a dry one is known by its dry Cough: This latter, besides the ordinary praecited causes, is sometimes occasioned by various accidents of the Heart, as Wounds, Ulcers, Bones, Stones, and Worms, that are bred in it, and particularly by a Marcour, or a Hectic of the Heart, which together with the Lungs, as Melangthon witnesses (lib. 1▪ de Anima) were found to be as dry as a Baked Pear, in the expired body of Casimir Marquéss of Brandenburg. Thus likewise Telesius reports the heart (and consequently the Lungs) of a noble Roman dried away by an immoderate heat, to nothing but the skin. Fernelius in his Pathol. lib. 5. cap. 12. tells us of one that died Consumptive, whose heart was afterwards discovered to be corroded into three large Ulcers, the steams of whose matter must needs have infected the Lungs. Bauhinus among his observations registers this following; that he dissected a Corpse, wherein he found the Lungs consumed; the capacity of the breast to be full of putrid and concreased blood, the Pericardium (a skin wherein the heart lies enclosed as in a bag) to contain above a quart of white matter (pus,) and the heart extremely extenuated and consumed about the surface. The symptoms that molested the party, were a Cough, a pain in his Breast, difficulty of respiration, and an Hectic Fever. The Pericardium is likewise summoned by Petr. Salius de our▪ Morb. c. 7. for an apparent cause of a Tabes or Marcour, if anywise affected, as suppose inflamed, or pustulated. This may seem strange, that an ignoble part should bring the whole body in danger; but then considering its near situation to the heart, the cause is obvious enough, whence to derive its Consumptive symptoms.  
Some might rather imagine, that the drying up of the waterish humours contained in the Pericardium, (supposed by most modern Anatomists to be distined for to moisten and cool the heart) may now and then impel a man into a Consumption, for want of which water, the heart dries away and shrinks, whereunto the other parts are obliged to sympathise. But in my opinion it's questionable, whether any such waterish liquor be floating in the Pericardium, whilst a man is yet living; for in Beasts, as Dogs or Cats, whose breast hath been pierced alive, to discover, whether the said Membrane the heart is wrapped up in, be moistened with that kind of serosity, no such thing was deprehended, in whom notwithstanding there appeared the same necessity for a cooler, as in men, whose languishing heart probably whilst a dying, may seem faintly to sweat such kind of moist drops into its bag. 2. There have been some, that were born destitute of a Pericardium, witness Columbus lib. 15. Anat. where he recites the Anatomy of a Scholar at Rome, whom he found wanting of a Pericardium; so Galen lib. 7. cap. 13. Administ. Anat. doth likewise instance a Boy, whose heart lay visible, because the breast bone was part cut out, and the Pericardium partly putrefyed.  
A dry Consumption may likewise chance upon a Vomica or a tumour of humours turned into matter and enclosed in a bag, (whereby Authors would have it differenced from an Apostem) in the Lungs, which before it breaks causes a stertour (or noise in the Throat) in breathing, and a very troublesome Asthma.  
A Pulmonique Consumption doth sometimes happen upon a Varix, or vein swelled in the Lungs, which in length of time doth burst, whence an effusion of blood, and soon after a congestion of purulent matter.  
Hypocrates in coac. praed. makes mention of a kind of suppuration, that survenes Lethargies, which doth commonly terminate into a Consumption. viz. quicunque vero servantur ex Lethargicis ut plurimum suppurati fiunt: those that recover of a Lethargy, for the most part become suppurated. But lib. 1. de Morb. he relates five kinds of Pectoral suppurations more, that tend to the same period, unless according to 15. Aphor. lib. 5. they expectorate the matter in 40. days. viz. First, there is a suppuration of fleam distilling from the head into the hallow of the breast. The second follows a Pleurisy not expectorated. The third happens upon the bursting of a vein in the breast. The fourth upon a Phlegmatic Pleurisy. The fifth succeeds a varix in the breast bursted, or sweeting out (per Diapedesin) blood.  
But those that are curious to be further satisfied touching the manner of Pectoral or Pulmonique suppurations, let them peruse Hipp. lib. 1. de Morb. where he doth most incomparably illustrate that subject. Here may be questioned, Whether Phleam according to Hypocrates his dictate is suppurable, or disposed to be converted into matter? Pure Phleam certainly is not, but being mixed with other humours is experienced to be suppurable.  
Hypocrates lib. de Glandul. describes a Sciatique Consumption (Tabes coxendica;) Alius morbus oritur ex desluxione capit is per venas in Spinalem Medullam, inde autem in Sacrum os impetum facit, & in coxendicum acetabula, sive juncturas deponit, & si tabem fecerit homo marceseit; atque hoc modo, contabescit & vivere non expetit. i e. Another Disease takes its beginning from a defluxion of the head through the Veins into the Marrow of the Back; thence forceth to the os sacrum, and expels (to wit the distilled humour) into the Hip joints.  
The Lungs do sometimes though very rarely grow fast to the Pleura (the skin that lines the breast within,) whence such as are detained with that accident are Lung-grown: The symptoms attending, are a heavy pain in the breast, a difficulty of respiration (breathing,) faintness, etc. which continuing do advance their subjects to a Consumption. This sort of Consumption might be annumerated to an Asthmatick Consumption, as Mercatus and others are pleased to term it, since the symptoms appear not different from those in an Asthma, saving there is only a Cough wanting to make up the train. The cause of this Lung-growth is imputed to a superficial sanious or ichorous exulceration, whose matter being somewhat glutinous, cleaves to the foresaid Pleura, and dries up to it, whereby it's fastened. The truth hereof is evidenced in the dissected bodies of those, that were Lung-grown, whose Lungs are ever found ichorous and mattery near the place of adhaesion, witness the dissected bodies of Ferdinand the Emperor, and Francis the French King, whose Lungs, according to the Testimonies of Gesner, and Holtzach, were not only deprehended fastened to the sides of the breast, but in a great part putrefied and sanious. But whether those filaments (threads,) that serve in lieu of ligaments to tie the Lungs to the Pleura, being shortened by a strain, or imbibition of humours, may not produce a Consumption, seems not improbable; an Asthma it's certain they do, and consequently may attract humours to the Lungs, and prove an accidental cause of overheating and overdrying the heart, for not expiring the fuliginous steams, that issue thence, and not inspiring fresh air sufficient to cool and moisten it. on the other hand, these said filaments being overmuch relaxed, or broken, do induce that accident which may be properly styled the Rising of the Lights. Some other infrequent (rare) Consumptions may happen, but such as scarce appear among ten thousand Consumptives, and therefore shall forbear their insertion, committing their narrow search to Physicians their proper industry.   

CHAP. XXVIII. Of the Procatarctick or external causes of Pulmonique Consumptions.  
THose Procatarcticks that required a larger comment, as love, grief, etc. we have discoursed of in particular Chapt. others that are limited in a narrower extent of speculation, and particularly such, as promote English Bodies beyond those of other Nations into Consumptions, we intent to treat of here.  
To begin with these latter, it's not improbable the causes must be inherent in those non naturals, whose quality, and our use of them differing from other Nations, transport our bodies beyond theirs into extenuations and Marcours.  
1. We differ extremely from all others in our diet. Flemings and Germans buy flesh meat by the pound, and eat it by ounces; we buy meat by whole joints, and eat it by pounds.  
2. They usually boil and roast their meat, until it falls almost off from the bones, but we love it half raw, with the blood trickling down from it, delicately terming it the Gravy, which in truth looks more like an ichorous or raw bloody matter. 3. Flesh once a week is a variety to their great ones, once a month a delicacy to their Burghers (Citizen's,) and once a year a feast to the rabble, and that at their Kermisses or Fairs only. But their thriving diet the hogs has taught 'em, viz. Cabbage, Turnips, Salates, Buttermilk, Whey, etc. Which renders them alike not only in fatness, but in manner of humour, witness their Brawny Necks, Fat Trype Guts, and grunting hoggish deportments. But here on the other hand great and small, rabble and all, must have their Bellies stuffed with flesh meat every day, and on Sundays cram their guts up to the crop with pudding.  
4. Neither is the difference only in the eating part, but drinking, they overwhelming their paunch daily with a kind of flat Scarbier, or Rotgut; we with a bitter dreggish small liquor, that savours of little else than hops and muddy water. The wine they so much debauch themselves with, is a kind of crude dull stumd Bordeaux; we with Canary. Thus we have paralleled the diets of two Nations, in order to a further examination of their different effects, rendering those of a squabbish lardy habit of body; us of a thinner though more fleshy appearance, and some who by their stronger natures, exercise, or labour, are equally matched to digest and subdue that mass of flesh they daily devour, acquire a double strength to what those Hermits receive from their Herbage.  
But since we experience that sort of feeding, doth scarce improve our carcases beyond a lean habit, and the contrary diet to stuff the hides of our Neighbours with a large proportion of Grease and Tallow, gives us argument, to impute to it a great part of the occasion, that inclines us so much to Consumptions. we'll insist a little further upon the matter; first, touching our so greedy devouring of flesh, especially Beef, and Mutton, whereof there is a greater quantity consumed in England, than in all Spain, France, Holland, Zealand, and Flanders, as I can demonstratively make appear to you by this sole instance: you'll grant there are more gloves worn here, then in all Holland, Zealand, and Flanders besides, for from the highest to the lowest they usually go with their hands in their Pockets in the Summer, and in the Winter hold'em to their Noses to blow'em warm. Next, we wear out more Shoes here by two thirds than all France, where it's universally known, the paysantry goes barefoot, and the middle sort throughout all that Kingdom makes use of Wooden Clogs. Now this considered, that notwithstanding the great number of gloves and shoes worn out here, besides millions of pairs that are transported hence to the Barbadoes, Virginia, and many other Plantations, we abound so much with Hides, Gloves, Sheep's and Neat's Leather, that we furnish the better part of all Christendom with them; which is a certain sign there must be an incredible number of Sheep and Oxen killed, whose flesh since we make no foreign Merchandise of, (saving only of their Skins and Hides,) must necessarily be all consumed among us. But to declare to you the great mischiefs (which is my chief business) this flesh greediness heaps upon us: a Plethory (fullness of blood) both ad vasa and vires, is the first and immediate effect; the next, a Plethora ad vasa (an over fullness of the Veins and Arteries with blood) doth easily upon a small commotion or heat of body, fall, or other accidents, burst a Vein in the Lungs, whereupon commonly follows an Ulcer, and soon after a Pulmonique Consumption.  
Moreover, note that a Plethory produced by immoderate eating of flesh is more impetuous and turgent, and therefore so much disposed to burst a Vein; whereas any other Plethory engendered of Fish, Milk, or Herbs, being less turgent, and diluted with waterish humours seldom swells to that height.  
The Plethora ad vires (a fullness of blood, that oppresses the strength) is the evident cause, that renders us universally lean, by suppressing our spirits and hebetating (dulling) their vigour, whereby they are not only incapacitated of digesting the alimonious humours into flesh, but of attracting blood to the parts to nourish them; which defect reduces the body to a leanness, and if continued to a Consumption.  
Lastly, know, that flesh meat being so nutritive, and likewise hard of digesture, doth abound with the most and worst dregs of any other kind of meat, especially if not totally digested, as seldom it is by those that glut down such immeasurable proportions of flesh. These dregs immediately perfuse the blood with melancholy, cause obstructions of the Spleen and Liver, and stick in the capillar insertions of the Stomach, being soon incinerated and calcined into such Salts as we premitted in the preceding Chapter: which after a short interlapse of time produce Coughs, Ptisicks, and at last a Pulmonique Consumption.  
For a further proof hereof we'll add a dictate or two of Hypocrates. lib. de veter. Med. he saith, that Meat eaten in greater quantity than what is convenient, tabefyes (consumes) the body. And lib. de loc. in homine; he speaks thus, If the body conquers the meat it eats, it flourishes; but if it be overcome, and yields, the body grows lean.  
Now let's pass to the other part of your Diet, that so much admired Mistress of your fond Palates, Canary, to whose debauchery a far greater number of Murders may be imputed, than to the fury of the Sword. What malignant Fevers, Dysenteries, pernicious Consumptions, doth it impel English bodies into? Sack drinkers that sometimes have over ballasted their paunch with that liquor, do by their beastly return of it present their Spectators with a view, what a most filthy corrosive greenish oil it's converted into, by the preternatural heat of their Stomach, which in length of time being congested in some considerable quantity, and floating in a violent stream through the Vessels, is the cause of so many malign Fevers, as generally reign here towards the latter end of the Summer. This is the the account of its acute (quick and violent) effects; it's Chronical (of a longer protraction) one's are, a vehement drying and inflammation of the bowels and humours, whereby great and obstinate obstructions are engendered, by drying away and absorbing the subtler and more waterish part of the humours, and leaving the grosser behind, which soon turns to an adust melancholy, the further effects whereof have been sufficiently declared already.  
Neither are the meaner sort of people destitute of their Ambrosia, who must needs every day after Sunset bestow three pence out of their groat, in Strong Beer, a liquor that attributes the better half of its ill qualities to the Hops, being an inland drug, conconsisting of an acrimonious fiery nature, setting the blood upon the least Cacochymy (vicious humours) into an Orgasmus (a violent working,) by an ill ferment it yields to the Stomach, Liver, and Spleen, which doth likewise render the humours fiery, adust, and melancholic. Small Beer, though it partakes less of the Hops, yet according to their proportion, corresponds in offensive and insalubrious (unwholesome) qualities; whence we may observe, that Patients in Fevers and many other distempers, receive a sensible prejudice from that rotgut, though the quantity of Hops be less; by the foresaid Orgasmus it excites. By this you may judge, since small Beer at the best proves so unwholesome a drink, what it doth at worst, perhaps being brewed with a thick muddy and clayish water, which the Brewers covet the rather, because of adding a body or substance to the drink, which the dead remainder and small quantity of Malt can in no wise contribute to it: now to give a strong taste to this dreggish liquor, they fling in an incredible deal of Broom, or Hops, whereby small beer is rendered equal in mischief to strong.  
The third Endemick cause, whence we derive our extenuating diseases, is the Air, which as I have expressed to you before in Chapt. o. obtains a more particular and immediate power from its continual commerce with our Lungs and Vital spirits, of committing violence upon them and the Vitals. There is none, who hath traversed the least tract of ground beyond his native Soil, but can attest the strange alterations the Air produces upon bodies, especially if diseased: The Air o'th' Alps subjects the Inhabitants there to distillations to their throat, which congested do in a short space swell into a huge mole; the Indian Air disposes Northern bodies to Dysenteries; the Spanish Air engenders the King's evil; that of Milan a blindness, where I remember I took notice of several blind folks, but whether the Air of that place had produced that accident in them, or whether they came from other places thither to be cured by stroking their eyelids over Saint Antonio di Padua's Tomb, by which means great numbers (as they told me) have been reduced to their perfect sights, I inquired not. The Air at Rome is likewise very pernicious, especially all the Summer, at which time, as I was informed there, no person will hazard to travel towards Naples; for fear of incurring that dangerous frenzy and burning Fever, which the change of Air unavoidably brings upon them, especially upon those that return from Naples to Rome, among whom scarce one in a hundred escapes, though they use the extremest remedies, as actual cauteries and scarifications for their recovery. What calamitous effects the Air of this City wrought upon us the last year, you may read in my Discourse of the Plague. In fine, there's no cause of questioning, but that the Air doth evidently concur to the production of several Diseases, and particularly of this English Endemick; but through what means or disposition, it's that I am about, to illustrate to you. The situation of this Island is such, as disposes it to a continual clowdiness, which in the Summer renders the Air cooler, and in the Winter warmer. The matter whereout those perennal clouds are raised, is the Sea that cirrounds us, which clouds so attracted, the westerly winds, blowing three fourth's of the year, do continually blow upon us; in lieu whereof, if eastern winds did perflate our clime more frequently, would not only blow away those misty clouds, but exceedingly clarify and refresh our Air. These clouds, as they are raised out of the Sea, so they still partake of the salin (saltish) bodies, they drew up with them thence, which descending upon us by degrees, and being perfused through the Air, do through their salin acrimony corrode our weak Lungs, and with their thick foggy substance obstruct the Bronchia Pulmonum, or Lung-pipes. This Pulmonique indisposition of the Air, is very much heightened in great Cities, especially where a great quantity of Sea-coal is burned, as here in London, where the number of Brew-houses, Cooks, and Smith's Shops, besides all other Private houses, Brick and Lime Kills about the City, makes smoke, that at a distance London appears in a morning as if it were drowned in a black cloud, and all the day after smothered with a smoky fog, the consequence whereo● proves very offensive to the Lungs in two respects. 1. By means of those Sulphurous coal smokes the Lungs are as it were stifled and extremely oppressed, whereby they are forced to inspire and expire the Air with difficulty, in comparison to the facility 〈◊〉 inspiring and expiring the Air in the Country, as people immediately perceive upon their change of Air; which difficulty, oppression, and stopping must needs at length waste the Lungs, and weaken them in the function. 2. Those fuliginous smokes partly consisting of salin corrosive steams, seem to partake of the nature of Salt armoniac, whereby they gnaw and in time Ulcerate the tender substance and small veins of the Lungs. That coal smoke is of so corrosive a quality is easily experienced by those, that are beset with smoke in a room, whose eyes it bites and gnaws that it forceth 'em to water, and by pricking their Throat and Lungs puts them into a dry Cough. These salin corrosive steams are very much intended by the addition of those, that exhale from Houses of Office, Pissing places, and other nasty stinks and fumes great Cities are ever pestered with.  
Another great cause of the frequency of Consumptions among us, and especially about the City, is a continuated descent of weak Pulmonique Children from Consumptive Parents, who propagate and transfuse their Pulmonique Seminaries to their whole subsequent generation; which occasions so many hundreds to drop hence every year to the Country for fresh air.  
Hitherto we have insisted upon those causes, that effect Consumptions Endemick to this Island; there remains a citation of such others, as indifferently may produce that malady in any other Country. Immoderate feeding upon Powdered Beef, Bacon, Salt Fish, Pickled Meats, Anchiovi, and debauching with Brandy, Sack, and other strong Wines and Spirits, do inflame and acuate the blood, whereby it's capacitated to corrode the tender veins of the Lungs, whereupon follows spitting and coughing up of blood. A fall, (and according to Hypocrates lib. 2. de Morb.) vehement exercise or labour, violent vomiting, a blow upon the breast, calling a loud, do oftimes occasion a vein to burst in the Lungs. Catching cold on the breast, by going cool in the morning or evening, (as many do by leaving their Doublets unbuttoned, or women by running up and down in their Smock sleeves, or lying naked with their breast in the night) doth impel the blood suddenly into the Lung-veins, whereby being overfilled, burst into an effusion of blood. Those that are naturally destitute, or have lost their Uuula, (palate) are likewise very incident into a rapture of a Lung vein, in admitting the cold air, without that previous alteration, the Columella (palate) contributed, by hindering the cold air to irrupt suddenly into the Lungs. The eating of a Sea hare is thought to corrode the Lungs by a Specific property. Pliny lib. 7. 2. writes, that there is a certain people in Aethiopia, whose sweat precipitates any into a Consumption whom it touches.  
Consumptions do frequently arrive upon a sudden suppression of the Haemorrhoids (piles,) witness Hypocrates 6. Aph. 12. If upon curing of Haemorrhoids that have ran long, you don't leave one, there is danger of a Dropsy, or Consumption; because nature was wont to evacuate its burden of vicious Melancholic and Choleric blood out at those veins, which passage being stopped, it's forced to regurgitate upwards to the Lungs; the like happens upon the stoppage of women's courses, which if not suddenly looked to, sets them undoubtedly into a Consumption, Dropsy, or some other dangerous Disease, as Hypocrates lib. 2, de Morb. also observes. viz. Si virgo ex suppressione mensium in tabem deveniat, etc. What constitution of the year is most like to engender Consumptions, Hip. tells us: First, for moist Consumptions that survene distillations of sharp putrid fleam, a moist and southerly Autumn upon a dry and Northern Summer, is apt to produce them. 3. Aphor. 13. Secondly dry Consumptions generally appear upon a long continuation of hot and dry weather. 2. Aphor. 16. per squalores vero tabes, etc. The season or time of year for Consumptions is the Autumn. 3. Aphor. Autumno invadunt Febres, Hydropes, tabes, etc.   

CHAP. XXIX. Of the Signs of a beginning or growing Consumption.  
THe surest cure for a Pulmonique Consumption, is to prevent it in those, that are naturally inclined to that evil, or have but lately conceived the Seeds of it, and are just a budding. But because the preventive part is frequently neglected, upon hopes of waring it out, or by changing the air, or for want of knowing the state they are in, (which to discern in the commencement is difficult even to Physicians themselves, who are not seldom mistaken in that point,) the impending danger where of requires a mature caution, I shall delineate such natural and adventitious dispositions, as appear suspicious. 1. To descend from Phthisical Parents, or such as were Pulmonique, that is, affected with any kind of trouble in their Lungs, be it a Cough, difficulty of breathing, Asthma, or a Pulmonique Consumption, is a great argument, since it's observed that Consumptions prove so hereditary, and that sometimes in a strange manner; viz. some deriving their extenuating Diseases from their Grandfather, though their immediate Parents did not seem troubled with the least kind of distemper in their Lungs. The reason is, because those hereditary seeds remained dormant in their Parents, and never were reduced in actum, which never the less were transfused into their Children, in whom they might be raised to growth. 2. Brothers or Sisters taking their passage through that Disease to their Graves, leave an ill omen to the remainder of their kin. 3. Whom nature hath shaped with a great head, long neck, narrow breast, and shoulders sticking out like wings, and a lean habit of body, seem very much inclined to a Consumption. 4. Such as are subject to thin sharp Coughs, itching of the Eyes, a tickling in their Throat, pains of their Sides, and do not thrive upon a good diet, are prepared for a Consumption. 5. To omit letting blood at certain seasons that the body is accustomed to, or to escape bleeding at the Nose, or avoiding blood by the Haemorrhoids if usual, or for women to be obstructed in their courses, argues danger. 6. Especially at the fall, and in persons aged from Eighteen to Thirty five years. 7. To be apt to spit blood oft, though it distils from the head, or is expressed out of the terminations of veins in the Throat, signifies a Phthisical inclination, & is dangerous; because it's a sign, the blood is sharp and thin, and may upon a small provocation vent its fury upon the Lung veins.  
8. And lastly, any of the Procatarcktick causes mentioned in the Chapter preceding, or the beginning of this Treatise, or any other Disease, producing a durable leanness and dryness of body, with a short, dry, or moist Cough, portends an ill consequence, as you may observe out of Hipp. 2. Aph. 3. in all Diseases its better for the belly to be thick; on the contrary, when the belly is very thin, and very much consumed it's dangerous.   

CHAP. XXX. Of Signs, Diagnostic and Prognostic, of the several kinds of spitting of Blood.  
SInce spitting of blood (haimoptysis) doth so frequently forerun Ulcers in the Lungs, it's requisite I should tell you what kind of spitting of blood forespeaks danger of a Consumption. Wherefore know, that blood evacuated at the mouth with the spittle, may either distil from the brain, or palate, or be expressed out of the Throat, or Gullet, or forced out of the Stomach, Breast, Mediastinum, Diaphragma, Lungs, or Windpipe. Among these, blood forced out of the Lungs gives the worst appearance, and doth seldom vanish without leaving an Ulcer behind it.  
Moreover there is a very considerable difference in respect of danger, in blood that issues out of the Lung veins, which are apt to shed their humours upon these four occasions.  
1. Upon a rapture or bursting, among the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
2. Upon the corrosion of a vein, that is, when it's eaten through by sharp gnawing blood, in Greek termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
3. A vein gaping or its lips being forced open by a Plethory, is apt to effuse a quantity of blood, in Greek called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
4. When the Tunicks of the veins are grown thin, and the blood is likewise rendered subtle and piercing, it's apt to sweat through, which is nominated a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
This latter is oft cured, and therefore of a more hopeful aspect; but the two former for the most part contemn all remedies. The bursting or corrosion of a Vein in the Pleura succeeds these former in a malicious Omen. Any of these bloody sputations being too suddenly cured, oft changes into a tragic Scene. The like happens upon external applications of restringent medicines to the breast, or in case internal restrictives be exhibited without dissolvents, to dissolve the crumbs of blood, that usually concrease out of the extravasated humours, which otherwise would occasion a suffocation. A bloody sputation, whether proceeding from the Lungs, or Stomach, intimates less danger in Women, whose obstructed courses were the cause of it; because these being carried down do seldom miss a cure of the former, as Hypocrates doth likewise aphoristically tell us; A Woman vomiting blood, her courses breaking forth puts a stop to her vomiting; but this is to be understood, in case a Vein gapes or is forced open by a Plethory, not if a Vein be bursted or corroded.  
The same reason holds good in men, surprised with a sanguine sputation upon a sudden cohibition of their Haemorrhoids, which being recalled do frequently stint the other Symptom; but if their Haemorrhoids have disappeared for a considerable time, than such a sputation survening upon it proves more perilous than otherwise.  
Spitting of blood is more curable in Plethoricks, and young folks, than in others of a thinner habit of body, and old people, because as Hypocrates implies in 2. Aph. 34. They are less endangered in Diseases, whose Disease suits with their nature, age, and habit of body, and time, than those whose Disease is in no part agreeable.  
In summa; any kind of spitting of blood imports a very discriminous state, unless it happens as I said before upon the gaping of a Vein, or being opened, (but not bursted or corroded) by a Plethory, in which case it's a great help to nature, being over burdened with blood; and it usually stops of itself. Thus I have known several women vomit up great quantities of blood, possibly a pint or two, without any prejudice. Some I have heard of, that have coughed up a quantity not much less, no kind of detriment following upon it. A Vein bursted or corroded in the Lungs, is looked upon to be for the most part incurable (though some do escape,) because of the continual motion and Coughing of the Lungs, taring the gap wider, and hindering the conglutination and cicatrisation of the vein; besides their remote distance from the Stomach, the virtues of Medicines, being quite spent before they can arrive thither. Spitting of blood being complicated with other chronical Diseases, as great obstructions of the Bowels, Asthma, etc. is rendered less capable of cure than otherwise. A varix or a swelled vein in the Lungs doth oft a good while after burst out into a sudden spitting of blood, the patiented not dreaming of the least Disease his body should be subjected to; for the Lungs being insensible within, cannot advert him of any tumour or swelling. This accident usually happens, when a man hath had a fall, or bruise upon his breast, whereby the grosser part of the blood was suddenly impelled into a Vein of the Lungs, where it causes that swelling, which possibly may burst a month or six weeks after, for want of taking something at the beginning to dissolve the impulsed blood.  
A broken Vein conglutinated, or a corroded one cicatrized, is very apt upon a small irritation, as a cough, vomit, fall, etc. to burst again, or return to an Ulcer, because the cicatrize, or agglutination is performed by a dissolvable, or sometime friable kind of humour, that's easily colliquated, or rend asunder by the continual motion of the Lungs, and especially if rendered violent by a Cough, or other accident. Wherefore persons that have been so indisposed, aught to refrain from taking Vomits, or moving their bodies violently; & timely to remedy any kind of Cough, or other Pulmonique Diseases.  
We have given you a large comment of the Prognostics of spitting blood; the remainder of this Chapter we'll employ in the Diagnosticks. Blood that's evacuated from the Lungs is forced up with a Cough without any pain, and if a Lung-vein be bursted, generally at the first gush a great quantity is coughed up, which afterwards comes up in smaller proportions.  
The blood that's evacuated at first, appears thin, pure, and florid, with a little yellowish froth upon it; that which is afterwards evacuated, shows paler, and watered, with a few bubbles on it; at last it's expectorated mixed with fleam. That which sweats through the veins, comes up diluted (pale and watered) in small quantities mixed with fleam, spittle, or some of the serum of the blood.  
If a Lung Vein be corroded, the blood at first comes up in a smaller quantity; afterwards in fuller streams. Physicians do vary much in the colour of Pulmonique blood that's evacuated, some will have it a purple, others a florid, yellow, or natural red. As to that, Lung-blood generally appears somewhat lighter than a natural red, because it's conceived to be rendered more aereous by the Lungs. Nevertheless it varies according to the constitution of bodies; for in some it may be purple, in others yellow, or red. Another dispute that's moved among Authors is, whether Lung-blood is always evacuated with a Scum or froth upon it, according to Hippoc. 5. Aph. 13. Those that spit out frothy blood with coughing, it comes from the Lungs. For to decide this controversy; you must note, there is a fourfold substance concurring to the constitution of the Lungs.  
1. The Grisly substance of the Lung-pipes.  
2. The tough substance of the Ligaments, that tie the great Vessels to the Lungs, and join the pipes together.  
3. The Parenchyma or flesh of the Lungs.  
4. That which the small veins and arteries consist of. This considered, observe that the blood that's evacuated out of the pores of the corroded Parenc. of the Lungs, is ever frothy, because it's forced through a number of small holes or pores in the Lungs, whereby it's rarefyed and rendered frothy. But the blood that's cast out of the greater Vessels is not always thoroughly frothy, but only a top, which is caused by its being mingled with the Air in the coughing it up; and for that reason blood that's vomited up, may also appear frothy, as Hypocrates lib. de Coacis, tells us, those that spit up (vomit up) frothy blood, and are troubled with their right side) they spit it from the Liver, and commonly die. Thus likewise we see that blood evacuated in a Dysentery is frothy a top. So Avicen doth witness, the blood to be frothy, that's propeled out of a Vein of the Breast; and Paulus writes the blood out of the Throat to be frothy. Last of all you must distinguish between pure blood, which usually is expectorated less frothy, than that which is mixed with windy fleam and melancholy, or only windiness.  
This simple bloody sputation of the Lungs is differenced from that, which concomitates a pleurisy, or a Peripneumonia (inflammation of the Lungs;) because these two latter are ever painful, to wit a pleurisy is attended with a stitch, the other with a heavy pain of the breast, besides other Diagnostic symptoms; whereas a simple blood spitting arrives without any pain or fever. Blood that's cast out of the throat or windpipe, is spit out with a hawking, or a small cough, and that in small quantities or streaks; that out of the Gums is spit out without hawking, coughing, or vomiting; that out of the breast is expelled with a difficult cough, and shows lived and full of crumbs; but blood that distils from the head, since it may be ejected by cough, vomit, hawking, or spiting, may easily delude both Patient and Physician, unless there be a narrow inspection made, for sometimes a small vein bursting in the head will trickle down (but with a tickling in the Throat) in great streams into the windpipe or stomach, whence it's returned by cough, or vomit; the usual way to find out the spring of this flood, is to cause the Patient to gargoyle twice or thrice a sharp Oxycrate, which will either stop the cough, or appear with a deep tincture.  
Another way for trial is, that the Patient is to hold his mouth full of water, and blow his Nose hard, by which means if there be a vein burst in the head, some blood will come forth at the Nostrils. Moreover the Physician is to inquire into the Procatarctick causes, whether the party be troubled with a Headache, or hath had a fall, or taken cold, and is enrheumed, or the face be high coloured.  
Blood that's ejected by vomit, no doubt but comes out of the Stomach-veins, but whether it be blood that's destined for its nourishment, or whether sent from the Spleen or Liver, & effused into the Stomach through the Splenick branch, or Gastrick vein, is also nicely searched into by Practic Authors.  
If the evacuated blood be florid its Stomach-blood, if black and in great quantity, it's Splenetic; if red and copious, it's Hepatick. Moreover, if the blood be Splenetic, signs appear of an affected Spleen; if Hepatick, of the Liver.   

CHAP. XXXI. Of the Diagnostic signs of a confirmed Consumptionof the Lungs.  
YOu must appeal to your memory to have read in the foregoing part of this Treatise the distinction of Proper and Improper Consumptions; this latter we have diffected into its several kinds, among which I am only to tell you, that an Improper Pulmonique Consumption is deciphered with nothing but a kind of a Pulmonique Disease, be it a Cough, Dyspnaea, Asthma, etc. and a discernible wasting of the flesh, protracted to some continuance, which doth certainly menace the sudden consequence of a Proper Ulcerous Pulmonique Consumption.  
As to the evidencing a confirmed Consumption of the Lungs, the signs are these.  
1. There is an old Cough, contracted possibly at the latter end of the fall, or in the winter, or the first approach of the Spring, and continuing for three, six, or nine months, without spitting blood the whole time.  
2. Observe that such a cough▪ that proves so durable, doth not always continue at the same stand, but is far more urgent sometimes than othersome, and somewhiles again returns to that remission, that it seems to be quite gone, until the patiented relapses of his own accord, without any provocation of an external cause or error, into the same or rather worse state than before.  
3. The matter expectorated is thick, tough, glewy, frothy, uneven, bubbly, graish; or thin, liquid, crude; or thin and mixed with thick, clotty, bluish, yellow, greenish or blackish fleam, or streaks only.  
4. A difficulty of breathing, with a kind of a whiesing noise.  
5. Violent stitches up and down the breast, and back, below the shoulders, which for a while are movable; afterwards fix either under the shoulders or paps, which then give a strong presumption of a confirmed Phthisis.  
6. The face looks deadish, and livid, with a dark bluish or brown circle about the under eyelids, the eyes appear hollow, flat, and shrunk, without their natural gloss.  
7. All this while the appetit is wanting, and is bend to nothing more than to a draught of stolen strong Beer, though that be as bad as rots-bane for 'em: and this is a very usual attendant.  
8. The body is sometimes lose, and sometimes bound; or in some its generally lose, and in others contrary.  
9 They sleep unquietly, and disturbed with fiery or melancholic dreams, and feel hot and glowing at their waking, being likewise much disposed to sweat about their breast, neck, and head. Their limbs do oft feel sore and weary. For the most part they are drowsy and lumpish all day. By this time an Hectic Fever gins to show itself, by a quick, soft, low, and unequal pulse; a small glowing of the palms of the hands and feet after meat, etc.  
This is the first degree of a confirmed Pulmonique Consumption, from which the second degree differs in the intention of the forementioned Symptoms; namely,  
1. The Cough sounds more hollow and deep; continues longer before any matter is brought up; and is more urgent in the night than the day.  
2. The humours or fleam that are expectorated, are turned into a thick matter (pus.)  
3. The body is consumed to nothing but skin and bones; the flesh of the Muscles being withered into dry tough strings, the skin feeling rough and dry like Leather: And the face changed into an Hippocratean visage, otherwise called a Mortiferous face, and deciphered 1. progn▪ 7. viz. a sharp Nose; hollow Eyes; the Temples fallen and retched; the Ears cold and contracted, and their fibres turned; the skin about the forehead hard, retched, and shrunk; the colour of the Face is Greenish or Blackish.  
4. At this degree the Legs and Belly usually swell, and sometimes burst out at the toes into a water.  
5. The appetit is quite lost.  
6. A sensible Hectic Fever, ever growing higher in the night then in the day, because the cold of the night stops the pores; it's known by a quick, hard, low, uneven in motion and fortitude, Acre or stinging Pulse, and a glowing heat of their body an hour or two after Victuals.  
7. It's ordinary for Consumptives in this degreeto entertain their visiters with strange rambling discourses, of their intent of going here and there, or doing this and that, as if they did in no wise expect to change their dwellings into a grave.  
8. They are extremely fretful and peevish; never well at rest, but always calling for this or that, or changing their seats or posture of lying or sitting.  
9 They are incident to Convulsions in their Necks, and Gripes in their Bellies.  
10. They are very subject to Nocturnal pollutions (or evacuations of the Sperm without Fancy,) the reason whereof Aristotle gives 5. Probl. 53. because sharp colliquations falling to the spermatick parts, excite the excretive faculty,  
11. Aristotle among his Problems doth likewise write, that Consumptives are very apt to breed Lice, which probably are engendered out of their clammy sweat, by a putredinal heat that attends them.  
12. Their Cheeks appear oft of a rosy red colour, especially after meat.  
13. At last they spit out pieces of their Lungs, it may be small grisly bits, that are eaten off from the Lung pipes, or small light uneven pieces of spongy flesh.  
14. If you desire a particular remark whereby to know which of the parts are most apt to consume first, that so you may be forewarned in time, I'll resolve you: A Consumption is not where so visible as at the finger's ends, whose flesh commonly shrinks before any other part of the body, and that for two reasons. 1. Because it's the finest, tenderest, and most delicate kind of flesh, consisting of a most exact temperature, whereby it's the better disposed for the touch, no part of the body feeling so exactly; which tender consistence renders it the more colliquable and consumptive.  
2. Because the heat of the body reflecting at the finger's ends, redoubles, and is more intense than in any other part, as doth more evidently appear in Fevers.  
The last and third degree foretell the nearness of their fate, which for the most part follows within three or four days upon the appearance of these signs, which Hypocrates doth orderly digest in 5 Aphor. 14. and 7. Aphor. 72. After the evacuating of blood upwards follow a Tabes, (an exquisite Consumption,) and evacuation of matter upwards; after a Tabes a defluxion from the head; after a defluxion a looseness and a stoppage of the expectoration; and after the stoppage, death. To be more particular. 1. There is a looseness, whereby the matter that should be evacuated upwards by Cough, is drawn downwards, or rather fixed in the Lungs; not only so, but the Spirits, that should actuate the Lungs in the expectoration, are consumed, dispersed, and drawn downwards, whereby the Lungs are rendered unable of Coughing up the purulent matter, which remaining causes a stoppage, that doth suddenly choke the heart. 2. A shedding of the hair is another fatal sign, happening only at last, when the body is quite dried up, and contains not so much excrementitious moisture, as to nourish the hair, read 5. Aphor. 12. Quibuscunque tabidis capilli fluunt, etc. 3. A stinking breath, a sign the purulent matter is affected with the worst degree of putrefaction, the immediate effect whereof is a faetor or stink. 4. The Nails of the Fingers and Toes bending, or turning crooked like the claws of a Beast. This arrives because the flesh underneath is consumed, whereupon they are dried into a crooked round shape like horns, that bend crooked by being over dried by lying in the Sun, or before the Fire. 4. Frequent sweats, especially on their breast. 5. Rhases lib. 4. Con. writes, that Consumptives, when they are near death, grow light headed. This sign holds true in some, but not in others, many dying with their perfect understanding and memory. Yet this is frequent, that their sight grows dim, and therefore can not see at that distance they could before, which makes them oft imagine they see strange things, which they don't. Their hearing is also grown very dull upon a sudden; for otherwise Consumptives in the first and second degree have a very sharp hearing. 6. their voice is very hoarse. 7. The spittle of Consumptives being poured upon burning coals, stinks very strong. 5. Aphor. 11. Cum tabi implicitis, quod tussiendo excluditur sputum, graviter oleat, dum carbonibus ardentibus infunditur, capillique defluant, funestum. 8. they fetch their breath at last very easily, yet not without the sense of a great clog at their Stomach; and a whiesing or whistling in their Windpipe. 9 Their Pulse is intermittent every sixth or eighth Pulsation, in others its caprizans, myurus, or formicans. 10. Their Feet and Legs die first; which commonly are cold and dead a quarter of an hour or more before the other parts.  
Thus we have delineated the whole History of a Consumption, that absolves its course without spitting of blood. There remains only an observation or two upon that, which is attended with a bloody sputation, which either happens at the beginning, whereupon necessarily follows the spitting of matter, according to that Aphorism, Post sanguinis sputum, pur is sputum, etc. Whether the matter expectorated be fleam, or pus (matter that's bred in an ulcer▪) is known by stirring it with a stick; if it be fleam, it will cleave and stick; if pus, it will divide and separate; or thus, being dropped into a Bazon of Salt-water, if it descends to the bottom in a grayish powder like flower, it's purulent matter; if it swims, its ' a fleam; if it partly swims and partly sinks, it's a mixed substance: If the Ulcer in the Lungs be deep in the Parenchyma, it's discovered by a hard Cough; and if almost reaching to the Ambient Membrane, then there is a sore kind of pain with a hard cough; but if the cough be painful and the matter comes up easy, it's a sign the Ulcer is in the windpipe, as the expectorated cartilaginous particles do further declare. The Patient having for a while coughed up purulent matter, is ever and anon upon a fit of coughing, fretting, or anger, or any other commotion of humours apt to expectorate small quantities of diluted blood with fleam.  
we'll put an Epilogue to this Chapter, inserting only the signs of matter expectorated through the Lungs from a suppuration of the breast. The proper signs of a suppuration are comprehensively mentioned by Hypocrates lib. de coac. praenot. 49. Those that are grown suppurated especially upon a Pleurisy, and Peripneumonia, (which is also to be supposed upon a squinsy, the suppuration whereof is more dangerous than any other) are troubled with small heats in the day, but violent in the night, and do spit nothing out, that is worth taking notice of; they sweat about the neck and shouldors, and their eyes grow hollow; and their cheeks are red; but the extremities of their fingers are worse hot and rough. Their Nails are turned crooked, and grow cold; and there arise tumors about their legs, and pustules about their bodies; they have an aversion from Victuals. Besides these, 1. there preceded a distillation of Rheum from their head, or a Pleurisy, squinsy, or Inflammation of the Lungs. 2. A Fever, according to 2. Aphor. 47. Whilst matter is engendering, pains and fevers arise, etc. 3. Beating or aching pains. 4. Great shiverings and difficulty of breathing, near the time of the tumour breaking; which being broke, the Fever and pains abate, and the matter (if not expectorated) is propelled into the capacity of the breast, where upon the Patients stirring or turning himself a-bed from one side to another, it makes a fluctuating kind of noise, like the ●umbling of water in a Cask. After a while it corrodes the ambient membrane of the Lungs, and is expectorated with a hard deep or hollow cough.   

CHAP. XXXII. Of the Prognostics of a Pulmoniqne Consumption.  
AS the kinds of Pulmonique Consumptions are various, so are their Prognostics, wherefore we must instance these latter in the connumeration of the former. First, touching the Sex, and Ages a Consumption is harboured in. Children caeteris paribus are more frequently cured than those of riper years; next Women, who as they are less disposed to the surprise of Consumptions, by reason of their courses carrying those acrimonious humours away, before they can attain to make any head; so for the same reason, their cure, when at any time illapsed into that Disease, is easier performed than in men; among whom old men that are Consumptive, are the least capable of help, because naturally they abound so much with salt fleam, that heightens and irritates the continent cause of their malady. Before we deviate from this particular of the Sex, take in this observation; that women whilst a breeding, are now and then alarumed at the second month with Consumptive symptoms, that are caused through the return of their courses (being intercepted) to their Lungs.  
Among these many die tabefyed before the full expiration of their time; others that have the good fortune of miscarrying, or being delivered, escape by means of their floods, revelling the humours from their Lungs. Some again through their straining, pressing, impatient cries, and commotion of their bodies, at the time of their labour, do sometimes break a vein in their Lungs or Breast, or cause a varix, or corrosion of a Vein, whereupon a Consumption following speaks a very hazardous case: or if a Consumption surprises a Childbed woman, that hath not been well laid, or hath not been well purged after delivery, foretells an equal danger.  
The procatarctick causes render the Disease more or less curable: a Consumption of grief, as it moves more slowly than others, so its malign effects are impressed with a more certain and irresistible force; wherefore unless prevented in the bud, takes an ineradicable root. Next hereunto for obstinacy of cure are an Hypochondriack, Amorous, and a Studious Consumption. As for a Cachectick and Aguish Consumption they admit usually of an easier cure than others. A Poisonous, Ulcerous, Renal, Dorsal, Verminous, Bewitched, Dolorous, Apostematick, and Pocky Consumptions are more or less curable, or incurable, according to the Age, Sex, Climate, Season of the year, Habit, Temperament, Part affected, Duration, and other ill symptoms attending the Disease.  
Having but cursorily proposed to you a declaration of the presages of Bastard Consumptions, we'll employ the more time and paper in relating the Prognostic signs of Pulmonique Consumptions, according to the several degrees observed in the preceding Chapter.  
A Consumption of the Lungs in the beginning is very curable, but herein differs from all other curable Diseases, that it's not to be worn away by change of diet, or moderate exercise of body, or a cheerful spirit, whereby many other maladies have been dislodged; but in stead of being demulced by counterpoising preservatives of the Patient, goes on its way, until it hath made an absolute conquest of the body; and notwithstanding though remedies be used at its first appearance, unless they are prescribed by a dexterous hand, so as to hit the humour of the Disease, and temperament of the Patient, like a Cancer is rather irritated and eats deeper into the parts. So that Consumptives, though their case appears not with so discriminous an aspect, ought not only to be solicitous for remedies against their evil, but to be assured of their skill that apply 'em; for a fault committed in the cure at first, admits of no appeal afterwards.  
The first degree of a Pulmonique Consumption implies a difficult and long cure; and may easily upon neglect of the patiented, or usage of improper Medicines be rendered incurable.  
The second degree is formidable; and but few of this rank recover, and many more are turned over into the Empirics pit. However we'll add some notes out of Hypocrates to discern the curables from the incurables. 1. Their spittle must be tried, if it stinks being poured upon the coals; or sinks as it's cast into a Basin of salt water; or being spit upon the ground, if it shows with round clear specks like glass spectacles, signifies a desperate and irrecoverable condition. The like presage read in a grey, blue, yellow, green, black, mixed, and uneven spittle. Take a survey of Aret. lib. de sig. & cause. Morb. diut. cap. 8. If on the other hand the spittle appears first sanious, afterwards mattery, white, smooth, even, and without stink, there's some hopes. 2. If the Patient be free from a putrid Fever, that increases in the night, is another hopeful sign. 3. They must be free from drought, which confirms the absense of a putrid Fever, otherways frequently affecting Consumptives in the beginning and first degree. 4. The flood of humours, that used to distil into the Lungs, must be diverted (or rather derivated) through the Nostrils. 5. It's also supposed, the party be not reduced to the greatest extenuation. 6. His ordure must be rather hard, than soft, for a looseness is generally very prejudicial. 7. It's required the Party should have a square, fleshy, and hairy breast, and not very bony, which signifies a competent strength of nature in the Patient. If the contrary signs appear, you must look for nothing but death. The case is the same with those who feel a great oppression upon their breast, speak hoarse, and seem to have a stiff neck, (or at least is not very flexible,) and the joints and knuckles of their Fingers show big, and their bones small: Add hereunto the symptoms of the third degree, which bring death along with them.  
You are also to make distinction of the part affected; for an Ulcer of the breast is of a less difficult cure than one in the windpipe, and that in the vessels of the Lungs worse than it; but an Ulcer in the substance of the Lungs is the most deplorable of any, which the University of Physicians declare absolutely incurable, though Hypocrates seems to assert some curable, namely in whom the seven forementioned conditions are deprehended. Which sentiment we find likewise confirmed by the experience of several reputed Authors; Cardan in his Treatise de Cur. Admirand. No. 2. 4. 5. 6. 7. 10. recites many Consumptives by his care and skill perfectly restored; among which number were several of the second and third degree; but I doubt he quacked a little sometimes: however Erastus exceeds him in asserting cures much more incredible. Saith he, in his Disp. Paracels. part. 1. pag. 210. I'll tell you some thing, that's hard to be believed: God hath restored some Consumptives, that made use of my help, who it was clearly apparent, scarce beheld the half of their Lungs. And in another place he vaunts to have cured many Consumptives in the beginning, and some that were absolutely desperate. Ingrassias in Consil. pro fist. pect. Franc. Arcaeus de febr. cap. 8. Valleriola lib. 2. Obseru. 3. lib. 3. Obs. 6. & lib. 5. Obs. 5. 6. Haelidaeus. lib. 3. Cons. 7. Beniven. de Abd. c. 44. Forest. lib. 16. Obs. 58. Crato Cons. 152. Poterius cent. 3. cap. 19, 20, 21. and among the Ancients Avicen. lib. 3. Sen. 10. Tract. 5. cap. 5. Races 4. cont. Valesc. de taranta lib. 3. cap. 2. Abynzoar. lib. 1. Theysir. tract. 11. cap. 2. Mesues cap. de Phthisi, besides many others, do bring in perfect cures of Consumptives of all degrees; but questionless performed with great difficulty, because of the continual motion and coughing of the Lungs, (thereby taring the Ulcer wider) and their remote distance; and at last the Ulcer is only covered with a limber callus, that easily falls off, upon any commotion of body, cough, or cold taken in the breast, and so forceth patients into an incurable state.  
An Hereditary Consumption, likewise one that's engendered by malign arsenical fumes under ground (whereunto those that dig in Mines and Coal pits are much subjected) are incapable of any sort of cure.  
A spitting of blood that happens upon the bursting of a Lung-Vein, unless it be stopped or conglutinated in three or four days at farthest, either occasions a Phlegmone or inflammation of the Lungs, which suppurating turns to an incurable Ulcer, and a Proper Consumption; or by evacuating an insupportable measure of blood kills the Patient by inducing a Syncope (Swoon;) or suffocates him by coagulating in the Lung-pipes.  
An Ulcer in the left lobes is more perilous than in the right, because it's nearer to the heart. The same reason makes a suppuration contained on the right side of the Mediastinum more dangerous than on the left.  
A Consumption ensuing upon a spitting of blood is of quicker termination, than one that's occasioned by an Ulcerous disposition of the Lungs, and fomented by salin distillations from the brain, which may be protracted to some years. Avicen and Erotian write of a Woman that was Consumptive three and twenty years together. jul. Alexandrinus and Mat. de Grad. cap. 54. come. in 9 lib. Rasis speak of another woman that lived Consumptive eight and twenty years. Forestus knew another woman that strove eight years with a Consumption. Neither is this case very rare in this City, there being many, I can attest of, that have been lingering for many years, though affected with a Chronical cough, difficulty of respiration, and an extreme lean habit of body. The reason of this prorogation is imputed to a certain absorbing salin distillation, which being imbibed by the Lungs, is not so corrosive as to gnaw Ulcers into the Lungs, but doth only absorb their nutriment, and insensibly diminish their Parenchyma, whereunto the whole body sympathising, is also insensibly emaciated. But that which is far rarer is, that Ulcerous Consumptions of the Lungs should extend to so long space, as Arculanus reports of two that spitted matter four years together.  
We have reserved this insertion touching the Prognostics of this Disease by the Urinal for the Epilogue of the Chapter, which usually is various throughout the whole course of the Disease: in the first degree its thick and turbid, with a pretty deal of settling; at the second it appears thin and obscure without any sediment, or very little, and of a pale straw colour, and a greenish circle a top; though in some I have observed it bloody and obscure, like water, where raw flesh hath been washed in; in others it's thin and blackish. At last it's evacuated clear like water, and in a small quantity; yet this is not Universal.   

CHAP. XXXIII. The Therapeutic for Consumptions.  
IT's a double misery to be pursued by a lingering Disease, whose nature and cause are disguised under a cloud of various symptoms, which if otherwise appeared in a more visible dress, would itself betray what remedies were most likely to remove it: since therefore Consumptions assault us in that obscure manner, I have engaged my study and industry, to procure you in the preceding discourse a most ample Narrative of that malady, comprising the total of all observations thereunto relating, that so that intestine enemy being discovered might with more certainty be aggressed, according to the implicit meaning of that trite saying, a Disease once known is half cured. So that the greater pains I have taken in the speculative will very much alleviate me in describing the Practic or Therapeutic, whose office is distributed into three parts, viz. the Conservative, Preservative, and Curative. The Conservative part in this Treatise is chief concerned in preserving a healthful body in the same state against all external causes, that may dispose or force it into a Consumption; Such are the six non naturals, viz. a Consumptive Air, and emaciating Diet, Motion and Rest, the Excretions and Retentions, Sleep and Restlesseness, and the Passions of the mind.  
If you find yourself obliged to live in a Consumptive Air as this of London, make choice of the more open, high, dry, and gravelly part of it, where the houses are built East and West, shunning those close, low, nasty, dirty and stinking Allies, and Lanes near the Thames side, where the Air being damp, and replenished with putrid and stinking vapours, is penned up, and obstructed from being ventilated by the winds, or its one free motion. 2. Once a day at least take a walk in the Fields, to refresh yourself with the open Air, which inspired fresh doth exceedingly recreate the Lungs, Heart, and the Vital spirits, and through its tenuity opens the Lung-pipes, and purges them from all those thick sooty steams; Moreover, opens all the pores of the body, and gives vent to those excrementious evaporations. 3. Retreat some times into the Country for a day, three or four to feast your Lungs with that pure clear air, and to purge them from the smoke of London.  
Touching your diet observe these Rules: 1. Never tie yourself to a constant diet, as always to eat meats of easy digesture, as Veal, Pullet's, Sweatbreads, etc. refusing this because it's obstructive, as Beef, Venison, Bacon, etc. or that because hard of digesture as Pork, Geese, Ducks, hard Cheese, Biscuit, etc. or because its loosening, as Cabbage, spinach, etc. or raw and windy as Salats, Cherries, Apples, etc. for if every objection against this, or that sort of meat, will cause you to refrain, than you must resolve to live without Victuals, there being no meat in the world, but what may be excepted against, in saying this is windy, and that is stopping, etc.  
Neither would I have you to be too strict in the quantity of your meals; as always to leave off with an appetite, or to forbear eating Suppers upon the account, that it may hinder your rest.  
Neither is't overwholsome to feed constantly upon flesh, refusing fish, and other victuals, as pease, beans, etc. arguing as some simply do, that flesh breeds flesh.  
Likewise for drink; be not so scrupulous as to refuse a glass of Wine, upon pretence that its inflaming, neither estrange yourself from small Beer, as some Drunkards do, fearing it will bring 'em into a Dropsy. But on the contrary keep a lose diet, feed sometimes upon fish, pease, salats, spoon meat; other times upon flesh, eggs, roast, boiled or fried meats. Sometimes eat liberally, othertimes sparingly; drink sometimes small beer, sometimes strong, or wine. Sometimes eat Suppers, othertimes fast.  
However mistake me not, I tell you once more, that a lose and inconstant diet is the most wholesome to those that are healthful, according to that adage, Sanis omnia sana. The arguments for this assertion are these. 1. God Almighty having created that variety of creatures for man's food, we are no● to doubt but they are wholesome, because he hath created them for our sustentation; not our destruction. 2. We may observe in the new Testament, that Christ sometimes fed upon fish, othertimes upon flesh; sometimes drank water, sometimes wine; sometimes he prayed and fed sparingly, othertimes frequented feasts, where he met with varieties. And in the Old Testament the Patriarches fed promiscuously upon herbs, most sorts of flesh and fish, whom we cannot question but were most skilful in diets, as their long protracted ages attested. 4. If God had thought flesh meat only best for us, he would never have provided all these other creatures, as fish, and herbs, for man's food (all things being created for him,) unless necessary to be eaten with other Victuals; for flesh or fish single would otherwise have been sufficient; besides, God and Nature do nothing in vain. 5. The eagerness of the appetite is a sign of the proneness and readiness of the Spirits in and about the Stomach to digest; but the appetite being generally more eager after variety of meats, it's a sign the spirits are more prone and ready to digest them. On the other hand, one being tied to a single and constant dish, his Stomach doth not much long for Dinner or Supper; and as he eats without appetite, so he digests it heavily, which must necessarily contract crudities and ill humours. 6. The spirits of the Stomach growing familiar with the Victuals daily ingested, do not only digest them imperfectly, but are slug in their excretive faculty in evacuating the excrementitious humours; which is more apparent in this instance, a man that doth feed upon one dish at a Meal, shall nothing near evacuate (or in plain English, go to stool) so quick or readily as one that dines upon two or more; because there is generally a contrariety between several meats, which doth not only augment the fermentation in the Stomach, but excites and stirs the digesting spirits, & afterwards prompts them to a ready evacuation. Lastly, one that diets upon variety, hath this convenience, that what's deficient in one Meal is supplied by another, or what is faulty in one, is corrected by the other; if one day you have engendered obstructions by eating too much pudding, rice, bread, & c. eat the more Spoon meat next day, and so you are right again; or if you have drank too much small beer at dinner, and thereby oppressed your Stomach with crudities, drink wine at supper. Or if you have exceeded in quantity at one time, eat or drink less at another. In summa, accustom yourself to no kind of victuals or drink, neither to time or quantity; but follow these Rules. 1. Eat flesh meat four or five times a week; and fish twice or thrice, whereby you'll qualify the dryer and overstrong juice of flesh, by tempering it with the moister and weaker of the fish.  
2. Never make a meal of flesh alone, but have some other meat with it of less nutriture, as in the Summer, Pease, Beans, Artichokes, Salats, & c. in the Winter Buttered Wheat, Milk Pottage, Broths, or Souppes. 3. A small excess committed now and then is no wise hurtful, through means whereof the supervacaneous humours are stirred▪ and nature prompted to evacuate them by stool or vomit; but if neither follows (as in a clear body it may not) balance your excess next day with fasting, or a proportionable abstinence. This rule was very strictly observed by the Ancients, who thought it a great preventive to drink strong Wine once a month to that excess, as should force nature to return it both ways; whereby they found that the subtle heat of the Wine did colliquate their superfluous humours, and ●●serate obstructions, and its impetuous spirits evacuate the said humours with the Wine; whereupon usually followed a copious sweat, that procured a free transpiration; which rule is to this day still kept in use among the Germans. However I can in no wise approve of so dangerous a preservative, that doth so oft impel Drunkards into Fevers, bursting of a vein by vomiting, and inflammations of the Entrails.  
The next of the non naturals is Motion and Rest; in which particular I would advise you to walk moderately (ad Ruborem non sudorem) until you be through hot, but not force yourself into a sweat; above all you must be careful you come not in the Summer from the Country out of that thin air into our thick mist in a great sweat, and open pores, into which our thick air intruding, may stop the pores, and occasion great Fevers, which too many are precipitated into, by their unadvised posting to Town in a sweat; This I suppose may be the reason, why those that return from Naples to Rome in the Summer, do undoubtedly fall into a Fever.  
In reference to their excretions, they must be sure to exonerate at least once a day; and if the dryness of their Guts be an obstacle in some hot and dry constitutions, they may remedy that by drinking a good draught of fresh small beer, or whey in a in a morning, and feed upon laxative and moistening herbs, as boiled Spinnage, Lettuce, Endive, & c.  
What concerns their proportion of sleep, every one knows what his nature requires. But avoid sleeping after Dinner, or immediately after Supper; because it fills the head with fumes and vapours, and occasions Catarrhs.  
In relation to the passions of the mind, take this ancient rule; Been age, & laetare, i. e. Do well, and be cheerful. Avoid all occasions of anger, fretting, and peevishness, which disturb the blood, and enrage the corrosive humours. Thus much for the Non Naturals. we'll include one rule more; considering that it's impossible, but the healthfullest person living in such an air, and following the City mode in his Kitchen, must engender acrimonious humours, and obstructions, and be subject to a constipation of the pores, it will prove very advantageous to open a Vein every Spring in case he be Plethoric, and purge; or if only Cacochymick, to clarify his blood with a laxative; and drink whey for a month or three weeks, to qualify the heat and sharpness of his humours.   

CHAP. XXXIV. The Preservative for Consumptives.  
THe Preservative part relates to the preventing of a Consumption in those that are inclined, or have lately conceived the seminaries of a Consumption. Who they are that are thus inclined, or are just entering the threshold of a Consumption, the foregoing discourse of Chap. 29. will acquaint you. In the interim take notice, that the same means we intent to prescribe for a cure, are likewise excellent preservatives, requiring only a moderation, according to the age of the Disease, time of year, and other circumstances.  
The Indications taken from the Non naturals, which probably have made a great part of the first occasion of that Consumptive disposition, point at a mature change and rational correction of them.  
1. The air appearing so malicious in this Morbifique conspiracy, exacts a more particular regard. Wherefore it's of absolute necessity for Initiate Consumptives, to change that air how bad or good soever it may be reputed, wherein they have conceived or bred their consuming Seminaries; if bad, as thick, foggy misty, smoky, moist, putrid, cloudy, or salin and acrimonious, they must make choice of a serene, thin, dry, temperate, sweet, and pleasant air; thus Galen. lib. 5. Meth. Med. advised all tabefyed persons, and such as were only disposed to a Phihisis, to remove to Tabiae, a hilly place situated between Surrentum and Naples, whose temperature and dryness of air, produced by the Sulphureous smokes of the Mount Vesuvius that's hard by to it, concurred to cure many a desperate Consumptive.  
2. Though the air be generally experienced good, notwithstanding the Patient having contracted his evil there, possibly by reason of some hidden contrariety that air harbours against his temperament, is a sufficient indication for his changing the air, and that for a considerable time, it may be a year, or two. For a moist Consumption the middle of England, as Worcestershire, Gloucester, or Oxfordshire, seems to be enriched with an air propitious for their recovery; however I imagine that some places of Languedock one of the South Provinces of France, may for air excel that, or Galen's Tabiae. For dry Consumptions a moister air is more proper.  
Neither is't only the change of air, that proves so sovereign to Consumptives, but the change of Bread, Beer, Flesh, Company and other circumstances, do very much conduce thereunto.  
2. What advantage a lose diet imports to a healthful constitution, the same detriment it contributes to a declining or crazy one; wherefore since every small distemper assumes so easy a growth from the least disorder of diet, how much the more may a Consumptive disposition, the worst of distempers; which certainly is an argument of the necessity of a strict diet, now here prescribed to you in these rules.  
1. Abstain from all obstructive, melancholic, and dreggish Victuals; as Beef, Pork, Geese, Ducks, Cheese, Crusts of Breed, Pyecrust, Pudding, Salt fish, hard boiled or fried Eggs, or any kind of fried Meat. Likewise from hot Spices, as Pepper, Ginger, Cloves, etc. and pickled meats, as Anchiovy, Pickled Oysters, or Herrings, Pickled Cucumbers, etc.  
2. Feed only upon meats of easy digesture, and inclining somewhat to a moist temperature; as Veal, Chickens, Poulets, Mutton, Lamb, Sweetbreads, Potch'd Eggs, etc. and among the sorts of Fish, Sols, Whiting, Perch, etc. among Herbs, Lettuce, Endive, Succory, Sorrel, Porcelain, Chervil, etc. but note that they must be boiled.  
3. Neither are you to allow yourself flesh meat too liberally, because according to 2. Aphor. 11. impure bodies the more you feed them, the more you hurt them; and 1. Aphor. 17. When nourishment is taken beyond nature, it breeds a Disease; because nature being oppressed and distempered, cannot concoct the meats it assumes into that temperate juice it doth when it's in better temper; but rather converts them all into ill humours, which must necessarily give an addition to those Consumptive salin corpuscles; and beyond all others flesh meat, as I have intimated before.  
4. Diet most upon Spoon meats, as Veal or Cock Broths prepared with French Barley, Succory, Maiden hair, Agrimony, Grass roots, Sweet Fennil, and parsley roots, Raisins and Dates.  
Buttermilk affords a most Medicinal and Sovereign food in this disease. I remember I once knew a young Fellow at the Hague, who was fallen into an Ulcerous Consumption upon spitting of blood, and notwithstanding the danger of his Disease required the most potent Remedies, refused all help, and wholly devoted himself to Buttermilk, by which sole diet he recovered beyond the expectation of all that saw him: whence you may deduce of what consequence a strict diet is.  
5. Refrain from flesh meat at supper, in lieu whereof you may now and then entertain yourself with a Pippin roasted with Saffron, and sweetened with Sugar of Roses, and carui Confects.  
6. Drink no kind of strong Ale or Beer, or any liquor that contains Hops or Broom for its ingredients: but make use of small Ale brewed, out of an indifferent proportion of Malt, and a sufficient quantity of brown Suggar, in new river water, which excels that of the Thames. This makes the pleasantest and most delicate small liquor, proving very agreeable to the palate and Stomach, and preventing Diseases. Most wines seem noxious, yet Rhenish Wines (I mean those small Wines, Bachrach and Deal) doth accidentally impinguate by helping the digesture, removing obstructions, and rendering the blood fluid and digestible. This is verified by the corpulent and fat habits of body of the Inhabitants of the Rhine, whom I observed all a long, in descending that river from Bazil in Switzerland as far as Collen, to be universally very fleshy, fat, and healthful; and myself, though entering into Germany in a lean case, was so much improved, before I left the Rhine, that in respect of corpulency and fatness I differed little from any of them; which I could impute to nothing but their wine.  
For motion observe these rules. 1. Walk daily in a pleasant, airy, and umbragious Garden, Park, or Field. 2. Gentle travel in a Coach or on Horseback through a healthful and divertising country, doth oft conquer an initial Consumption. What concerns the Excretions and Retentions, and Passions of the mind, regulate yourself according to former instructions. These prescripts being thus observed, we are to reflect upon indications drawn from internal causes of growing extenuations; viz. the substraction of salin corrosive humours, engendered by the Spleen, and sublimed upwards by reason of its obstructions. In this case the opening of the left Median in Plethoricks; afterwards the application of Leeches to the Haemorrhoids; and hereupon a prescription of a laxative and deoppilative whey, will answer all indications; and for particular derivatives, issues, and senitive Glisters contribute great relief.   

CHAP. XXXV. The curative part for spitting of blood out of the Lungs.  
HEre you are to distinguish, whether the Lung-vein be burst; or corroded; or sweats out blood; or gapes. The first of these indicateth a sudden evacuation of blood by Phlebotomy, for depletion and revulsion; and afterwards requires conglutination. The second indicateth likewise a subtraction of blood in the beginning, for to revel and draw from the Lungs, and demulce the acrimony of the blood; and thereupon make use of conglutinating Medicines. The two latter indicate Phlebotomy for revulsion▪ restringents to stench, and incrassatives to thicken the blood.  
Wherefore at the first budding of this Symptom, especially if a vein be bursted, and the spitting of blood copious, immediately evacuate as large a quantity of blood out of the arm, as the Patient can bear without Swooning; for the greater and more sudden the evacuation is, the sooner the blood spitting stops; in which case expedition is very necessary, for otherwise the continual coughing would attract a greater stream of blood, and create a more difficult cure. So that Practic Authors advise ill, for subtracting blood in smaller proportions out of several veins at several times; which method, if the Patient cannot suffer the other, may notwithstanding be used, and seconded by Cupping-glasses applied from below the shoulders downwards; likewise glisters, rubbing and tying of the extremities. Purgatives during the violence of the symptom are to be refrained; but afterwards, for to prevent its return, may be prescribed, and those only senitives mixed with restringent purgatives, as Myrobalans, Rhubarb, etc. The other indications are to be answered out of these several classes.  
Classis 1. Of ordinary conglutinatives and emplastics, Cinquefoil, Tormentil, Millfoile, Cumpry, Willow weed, etc. Syrup of Cumphry of Fernelius. The emplastics are Bowl armene, Terra sigillata Sanguis Draconis, spodium, gum Arabic, Dragant, Amylum (or the finest kind of flower, where they make starch of) Mastic, frankincense, etc. Pyrola, Shepherd's purse, Sanicle, Golden Rod.  
Cl. 2. Of Restringents. Sumach, Plantain, Houseleek, Knotgrass, Mouse ear, Porcelain, young Oak Leaves, vervain, Horsetail, Lady's Bedstraw, Bramble bush Leaves, Speedwell, Acorn Caps, Pomgranat-shells, Red Roses, Wild Pomgranatflowers, White Poppy seeds, Henbane Seeds, Myrtle Berries, Sumach Seeds, Coral, Blood Stone, Crabs shells burned, Rhubarb toasted brown, Acacia, Hypocistis, Crocus Martis, burned milk, Syrups of Dry Roses, Quinces, Myrtles, Porcelain, Poppies, old conserve of Roses, etc. Out of these Physicians may form Electuaries, Trochisces, Sublingual Pills, Apozems, and distilled waters, according to their best thinking. To these we'll subnect such as are more specifically recommended by famous Authors.  
Trallianus lib. 7. cap. 1. doth beyond all others, and that justly extol these following specifiques. 1. The juices of Leeks and Nettles, with a small quantity of Vinegar, do most egregiously stop the blood of a bursted Vein. 2. He tells us, that the juice of Porcelain being drunk, is a most excellent and powerful remedy. 3. The decoction of Cumfry root is very much commended by him. 4. The juice of Knotgrass, doth singularly conduce to any kind of spitting of blood. The same virtue he attributes to the juice of young Mastic leaves; and particularly expresses an esteem for Sumach. And beyond these formentioned Specificks he attributes an incomparable quality of cohibiting the most desperate kind of bloody sputation, to a Bloodstone, grinded upon a Porphyr to an impalpable powder, and exhibited in a dose of Knotgrass juice.  
Galen 7. de Comp. Med. prefers white Henbane Seeds; but Amatus Lus. Cent 6. car. 4. speaks wonders of the juice of the greater sort of Nettles. Hollerius lib. 1. cap. 27. Sets a great esteem upon Knotgrass. Duretus writes a great praise of the Distilled water of those tails that hang upon Willow Trees. He puts likewise a great confidence in Trochisci è carabe. Valetius upon Hol. exerc. 27. recites a cure of one that spitted blood, who had tried all the famous Physicians he could hear of, and at last was cured by Scaliger, who prescribed him this powder.  
R. Spod, ros. rub. bol. arm. ter. sigil. haemat. anʒ v. coral. rub. carab. margarit. none perfor. anʒ ij ss. gum. Arab. tragac. ā. ʒ ij. Sem. papav. portul. sem. ros. rub. sem. Arnoglos. corn. cerv. ust. anʒ iij. Acac. suc. Barb. hirc. suc. glycyr. anʒ ij. amyl. torrefact. ℥ j M. f. Pulu. Does. ʒ iij. in aq. pluvial.  
The same prescription he found afterwards extant in Serap. cap. 25. ●r. 2. except that here is an addition of coral. ●ar. and Marg.  
Syr. è symphyt. fernel. and Syr. coral. Quercet. are likewise in great request. Platerus writes he cured a Woman with Trochis. Alkekengi cum opio taken in Goat's milk. Quercetan's Aq. add Haemoptysin is much commended. Chemists exhibit 9 or 10 drops of Oil of Vitriol in the juice of Knotgrass; they likewise make use of Tincture, and Salt of coral, crocus Mart is, ol. mart. tinct. Smaragd. ol. succin. etc. But beyond all these I prefer Cerus. Antimon. prepared with Spirits of Vitriol, especially where there is suspicion of coagulated extravasate blood, which may be conjectured by the Fever, faints, difficulty of respiration, and excretion of crumbs of blood; in which case the Physician must look to his business, or else loses his Patient.  
Galen prescribed oxycrate to dissolve the said coagulated blood. Others commend Pulu. carb. tiliae, coagul. hoedi, cervi, leporis, sanguis hoedi non concretus, rad. rub. tinct. camphora, sperm. caeti, mumi●, ocul. cancror. cicer. rub. pulv. & Aq. cherefol. Diaph. in peracut. Spir dulc. Merc. essent. Bellid. etc. But Mouse-dung taken from one Scruple to half a dram in chervil water excels them all.  
To return to the remainder of this Chapter; Those praecited Medicines proving defective in stenching that internal bleeding take your refuge to narcoticks, among which that of Haelidaeus is most famous, whereby he cured many in desperate cases, viz.  
R. Sem. Hyoseyam. papav. alb. anʒx. terr. Sigil. coral. rubr. anʒv. Sacchar. ros. vet. q. s. m. f. Elect. Does. ʒj. adʒj ss Mane & sero. This composition Crato 5. Epist. f. 377. asserts to be excerpted out of Rhases his Cont. Laudanum opiatum, pill. cynoglos. ' Diacod. Pil. è styrace, Philon. rom. may also be brought into use here. In cases of that importance, I would advise Physicians not to lose their time and opportunity in giving slight remedies, but ascend to those more effectual Medicines. The breast may be anointed with cool and mild restrictives, as Oil of Roses, Violets, Myrtles, etc. Camphor dissolved in Oxycrate wherein clouts or rags being steeped and applied about the Testicles, and sometimes about the waste, are very helpful. Issues in the Legs are most effective in revelling the corrosive humours.  
Galen supposing that sometimes a distillation of sharp humours might corrode an Ulcer into the Lungs, advised a Consumptive Woman to shave off her hair, and apply an Emplaster of Piggeons' dung, or Thapsia, to extract, absorb, and divert those humours in the Brain; (others make an issue on the head at the sutura coronalis for the same purpose,) which kind of practice must necessarily rather add to the Disease in attracting a greater quantity of humours out of the whole to the head, afterwards falling down upon the removal of the Emplaster in fuller streams to the Lungs than before; besides such a kind of rough Medicine being very dissonant to the dignity and temperature of a noble part, might infer irreparable damages. But since we have made it visible, that the brain is only a part transmittent, and that humours oft are precipitated to the Lungs, before they arrive to that height of the brain, there can no kind of benefit be expected from so irrational an application. On the other hand those subliming humours ought rather to be intercepted before they are mounted to the head, by sublingual Pills, Trochisces, adstringent and incrassating Syrups, Looches Electuaries, etc. To the same intent Celsus lib. 3. c. 23. approves of exulcerations made under the Chin, on the Shoulders, Breast, or Neck; Hildanus writes he cured several initial Consumptions chief by drawing a Seton through the Neck. When all is done, they do nothing, until they bend their design and force to the Part Mandant, and eradicate the root of the Disease; which done, there remains nothing more.  
The Patient is obliged to abstain from flesh; and diet upon Panada, Rice Milk, Boiled Porcelain, Lettuce, Potcht Eggs, etc. some commend Pork, upon the answer of the Oracle, that advised Dumninus the Philosopher to Hog's flesh, whereof as oft as he eated, his spitting of blood stopped; and leaving it off, returned; possibly because the juice of this sort of flesh is glutinous; for the same reason others approve of Eels, Muscles, Cockles, Crabs, Lobsters, etc. Damocrates the Physician cured a Roman Woman only with Goat's milk fed with Mastick-leaves. Trallianus relates, he cured several with Milk only.  
His drink ought to be a decoction of steel dust, burned Harts horn, red Sanders, or Knotgrass, and sweetened with Sugar of Roses, dissolving in it besides a convenient quantity of Sal Prunellae; or an Emulsion made of the four greater cold seeds, white Poppy seeds, and spirits of Vitriol. He must forbear much talk, walking, and all violent motions, and passions.  
I'll only add an observation of a very speedy cure; one Mr. S. D. a Merchant, who through a violent vomit broke a Lung-vein; I caused immediately a large quantity of blood to be drawn out of his right Arm; & thereupon gave him this following  
R. Dulced. Mart. Spec. Haemop. ā gr. 4. Opij Spag. praep. gr. ss Aq. urtic. Maj. ℥ ij. m. f. pot. capiat mane & sero.  
This he took thrice and was perfectly cured. The like effect it performed in one W. S. a Tailor.   

CHAP. XXXVI. The Cure of a Pulmonique Consumption.  
THe Indications in the first degree point at suitable preparatives, to prepare those corrosive salin humours, and remove the forementioned obstructions of the Spleen, Stomach and Liver; which is to be performed by Agrimony, fumitory, Succory, Scabious, borage, Buglos, Endive, Maidenhair, Harts-tongue, Spleenwort, Cuscuta, Burnet, Grass roots, ditch Dock roots, the five opening Roots, the four greater cold Seeds, Syr. e 5 rad. bizant. de cichor. cum Rh. Some of these or all you may make use of in Whey, whereby having prepared those adust humours, it's necessary they should be purged by gentle purgatives and laxatives; as Polypod. sem cartham. Manna, cassia, tamar. Syr. ros. sol. de Cichor. cum Rh. ros. sol. cum Agar. de pom mag. de Epithym. Senna, Rhab. agar. crem. tart. Tart. vitriol etc. out of these you may compose Apozems, to prepare the humours and at the same time purge them; but by degrees (per Epicrasin;) after this if there was a small quantity of blood evacuated at the Haemorrhoids by Leeches would be very advantageous. The cough in the mean while must be remedied with Syrups, and Looches, sublingual Pills and Trochisces to expectorate the humours out of the Lung-pipes. If the matter be tough thick and cleaving, it must be cut, attenuated and deterged; if thin, it must be thickened by incrassatives, as Syr. Nymph. jujub. looch è Papau. portul. etc. This kind of short cough in the first degree is that which Physicians call a Tussis Vulpina, a Foxcough. Touching the curative of the second degree, where we meet either with an Ulcer in Lungs, or an Ulcerous disposition; the former, namely the Ulcer, must be cleansed or deterged, and afterwards cicatrized or consolidated. The first is performed by hot and dry Medicines; the latter by cold and dry. Moreover, there must be a particular respect had to the urgent symptoms of this degree, viz. the Hectic Fever and Consumption of the parts. Having first subtracted a part of the vicious humours, by a laxative as Manna, cassia, Syr. ros. sol. etc. it's generally agreed upon by the most famous▪ ancient and modern▪ Physicians, that milk is the only Medicine and food, that will answer all indications; for by its wheyish part it cleanses and deterges; by its cheesy it conglutinates; by its buttery part it restores and nourishes the consumed parts; And by its unctuosity promotes expectoration. But since there are several sorts of milk, you are to make distinction of them. Woman's milk is most nourishing, but less detergent; Asses milk is more cleansing, and less restorative; but Goat's milk is between both; that is, it's more nourishing and less cleansing than Asaph's milk, and more cleansing and less nourishing than Woman's milk. But because the cleansing faculty is most requisite, Ass' milk is universally preferred; and to render it the more effectual, it's advisable to seed the Ass with restringent and detergent herbs, as Yarrow, Plantain, Vine leaves, Knotgrass, Bramble-bush leaves, etc. Platerus records several cured by Woman's milk sucked warm out of the Breast; and among the rest there was one, that throve so well with his Wife's milk, that he purposely got her with child again to prevent his want of milk for the future. Chamels' milk is a degree beyond Asses for cleansing. In stead of Woman's milk, Sheep's or Cow's milk may be used. Likewise Mairs milk alone, or Cow's milk being diluted with Whey, may be substituted in stead of Asses or Chamels. Touching the use of milk, you must observe the quantity, time, and correction of it; for the quantity, you must accustom yourself to it by degrees, beginning from a quarter of a pint, and ascending to a pint or a little more; according to the party's appetite, and strength of digesture. The time must be in the Mornings and Afternoons, taking your dose always five or six hours before and after meat, warm from the Cow or Ass, and besure to refrain sleeping upon it, for otherwise it would fume up to the head. Lastly, because milk is so apt to sour in a weak Stomach, you must sweeten it with Sugar of Roses, or clarified Honey. Some boil it with yolks of Eggs, to make it more nutritive; others quench steel in it to render it the more conglutinating.  
But after all these Encomia, know that a milk diet in many cases proves hurtful, particularly, 1. When the body is affected with a putrid slow erratic, (discernible, or sometimes latent) Fever, as generally it is. 2. Consumptives are very subject to evaporations and fumes flying to the Brain, obstructions of the Bowels, and disposition to engender hot Choleric and Salin humours; all which evils milk is very apt to increase, nothing being more vaporous than it, nothing more Feverish, nothing more obstructive, by reason of its cheesy parts, and nothing more convertible into hot choleric humours than it's buttery parts, as appears in Children, whom it doth so extremely fill with green and yellow gall, and fleam; and disposes them to Catarrhs, Consumptions, Fevers, Loosenesses, etc. 3. Most Physicians forbidden milk to those, that are troubled with weak Stomaches, sour Belchings, Grumble in their Guts (Borborygmi) Loosenesses, all which Consumptives are seldom free from. 4. Many passages of Hip. do also disuade 2. Aphor. 11. and 17. and lib. de vet. Med. Meat eaten in too great a quantity tabefies the body, and lib. de. loc. in hom. If the body doth not digest the meat it eats, it's rendered lean; besides several other places, which would prove too tedious to recite. Wherefore you must be very careful, you do not exceed in your milk diet; but the surest way is not to meddle with it without a Physicians advice. Moreover take away the root and cause of the Consumption, and the body will soon thrive upon it.  
For these reasons I do attribute much more to a Whey diet, which I have advised to many▪ with the greatest success imaginable, enjoining them to drink nothing but white Whey sweetened with Sugar or old Conserve of Roses; to Dine and Sup upon Buttermilk, boiled with French Barley beaten in a Mortar, or Oatmeal, and afterwards sweetened with Sugar of Roses, and coloured yellow with English Saffron. But lest they should be clyed with that, they may gratify their Palates with variety of Broths, and especially with Broth made of an old Cock, with the addition of aperitive and pulmonique herbs, which together with the use of some laxatives only, is in great vogue among the Italian Physicians for the cure of Consumptions. Some advise their Patients to diet upon Crabs, Lobsters, Oysters, Cockles, Muscles, Frogs, etc. but against reason, those meats being of too hard a digesture for weak Stomaches; nevertheless the juices expressed out of them, or liquors distilled from them, are experienced very proficuous. Others prescribe milk boiled with flower, thick ptisan, confections out of Capons, Partridge, and Tortises flesh, Crabs, Lobsters, Sweet Almonds, Pistaches, White poppy seeds, the four greater cold Seeds, etc. For their ordinary drink, they approve of Barley Water, Small Meetheglin, the decoction of Hartshorn, or the Small Ale described in Chap. 34. But beware of stolen Beer.  
The Air ought to be dry and temperate; witness the story of that old Woman, that was preserved many years by the dry Air of the Baker's Oven, where she was used to work. Aretaeus commends a Sea Air, and therefore the Ancient Physicians were wont to send their Patients to Alexandria, for to have the benefit of the Salt Air during the Voyage, which being of a drying nature, they conceived might conduce to the drying up of the Ulcer in the Lungs. But in my opinion the Sea Air being nauseous, moving one to Vomit, and stirring the humours of the body, should rather prove offensive. Pliny doth highly esteem the Air of Forests, where pitch is collected.  
The detersives for the Ulcer are composed out of Vulneraries, agglutinatives, and pectorals; viz. Burnet, Centaury, Betony, Agrimony, Vervain, Mouse-ear, Avens, Lady's Mantle, Arsmart, Periwinkle, Bugle, Lily of the Valley, Solomon's Seal, Serpentine, Snakeweed, Aristol. rot. Cicer. rubr. Isop, Water Germander, Colts-foot, Card. Benedict. Lung-wort, Maiden hair, Scabious, pennyroyal, Ground Ivy, Cudweed, Ros solis, Origan, Horehound, Oak of jerusalem, Calamint, St. johns-wort, Elicampaine, Squils, Orris, Myrrh, Terebinthin, Fox Lungs, Spec. diaireos, Diacalaminthe, Looch San. & expert. è pulm. vulp. Syr. nicot. ● ped. cat. etc. The agglutinatives we have set down in the Chapter preceding, and are to be made use of when the Ulcer is sufficiently cleansed. The experience of famous Practitioners recommends to us several Specifiques. 1. Ros solis is extolled above most other Pulmonicks by several. 2. Speedwell is likewise very frequently used against Ulcers in the Lungs, an Herb certainly without comparison. 3. Camerarius speaks much in the praise of Oak of jerusalem; which also makes the basis of Syr. Botryos, described in the Lond. disp. 4. The generality of Physicians attest Spotted Lungwort to be a most egregious Pulmonique, both for deterging and conglutinating an Ulcer in the Lungs. 5. An ingenious Physician at Milan told me this following for a great secret in an Ulcerous Consumption of the Lungs. Masterwortroot boiled in Metheglin, and afterward mixed with a third part of aq. Sperm ranar. 6. Langius and others make use of Ground Ivy, for the last and extreme remedy. You may take it either destilled, in the Juice, or Syrup; dissolving only in them some Conserve or Suggar of Roses. 7. Saffron is commonly-stiled the soul of the Lungs, which when they are ready to be stifled and choked with thick tough fleam and purulent matter, have been miraculously recovered by a dose of Saffron in wine; wherefore no prescription for Pulmoniques ought to pass without some grains of Saffron in it. 8. Millepedae or Palmers have for many Ages been reputed the greatest detersives and cleansers of the Lungs, a quantity of them being tied in a fine Linen rag, and steeped in Metheglin or Whey, and so used; or being burned to ashes in an oven and mixed with old Conserve of Roses. 9 Avicen. lib. 3. Fen. 10. Tract. 5. cap. 5. mesues. cap. de Phthisi. Valleriola lib. 5. Obs. 5. Forest. libr. 16. Obs. 58. Montan. in Cons. 152. do all bring in unquestionable Testimonies of several, by them particularly mentioned, desperate Consumptives, perfectly cured of deep and sordid Ulcers in the Lungs, by the sole means of Suggar of Roses; but of at least a year old, & devoured in great quantities several times in a day, and so continued for some weeks. 10. Fonseca consult. 58. tom. 1. sets a great value upon the Decoction of yellow Sanders. 11. Arcaeus lib. de Febr. Erastus lib. 3. Cons. 8. Fracast. lib. 3. the morb. contag. cap 8. Ingrassias in consult. pro fist. pect. Stabelius in Disput▪ and several others, recite a great number of Phthisical cures, and those desperate ones, performed by a Decoction of Guaiacum wood. 12. Trallianus lib▪ 7. c. 1. speaks wonders of the use of Bloodstone. Cardan writeth no less of the Decoction of Crabs Legs and Tails; Fern. of the Syrup of Cumphry, others of the Syrup of St. johnswort flowers, and Syrup of Tobacco. 12. For Compositions, this following powder of Haly Abbas is by Valescus, Forestus, Rondeletius, and all others received for a singular Medicine, whereby the three former cured some Consumptives, beyond their own expectation. R. Sem. pap. alb. ʒ x. gum. arab. amyl. anʒiij sem portul. malu. al●h anʒ v. sem cucurb. cucum. citrul. cydon. anʒ seven. Spod. glycyr. gum. tragac. anʒ iij. m. f. Pulu. 13. This of Trallianus I esteem equal with the best composition that ever was prescribed by any. R. Suc. s●mpervivi. passi cretici, mel. attic. ā. cyath. 2. sem. urtic. cucum. sativ. cups. ā ℥ j ●oq. ad Consump. med. part. Colat. add pic. liq. cyath. & coq. ad consist. mellis; huic admisce nard. syriac. ʒ j thurisʒ iij. Croci▪ pip. alb anʒ ij. m. f. Elect.  
Here I have registered to you the most efficacious Medicines of this and the former ages, which unless applied by a dexterous hand, may sooner kill than cure. Moreover note these detersives may be mixed with the restringents, consolidatives, & incrassatives of the preceding Chapter, according as the Patient's condition shall require.  
For external means, drying suffumiges or smokes are oft prescribed with good success. They are usually composed out of Frankincense, Myrrh, Pitch, Olibanum, Benzoin, Styrax. Gum. hederae, Amber, Rose leaves, Coltsfoot dried, Sanders, lign. Aloes, etc. but the fume of Sandaracha is particularly commended. Emollient & temperate Oils & Liniments seem to facilitate respiration, which the Physician must always have an eye to, and therefore it's necessary he should ever mix some lenient pectorals with his other Medicines: Issues in the lower parts do also divert.  
Hermetical Physicians go another way to work; they begin with a galliard vomit, and so proceed to detersives and agglutinatives; viz. Flowers of Brimstone, Balsam and milk of Sulphur, Elixir proprietat is, crystal mart. Extract. Aristol. rot. spir. salis dulc. Ol. vitriol. ol. mercur. dulce, spir. sulphuris per camp▪ ol. succin. magist. ocul. cancror. magist. perlar. tinct. sal. & magist. coral. rub sacchar. saturn. Mynsighti. antimon. diaphor.  
To Dogmatists this Chemical practice seems suspicious; in regard that vomits do violently conquassate the Lungs, and tore the Ulcer wider. Moreover Hip. 4. Aph. 8. doth very much condemn vomits in such, as are only disposed to a Phthisis, much more in those that are already tabefyed. Hereunto may be replied, that vomits though they infer some small detriment to the Lungs, yet they import a far greater benefit by working immediately upon the parts mandant; and Hip. himself lib. 2. de Morb. did frequently exhibit Hellebor to Consumptives, which is experienced to be a very churlish Medicine.  
On the other hand Chemist's quarrel with Dogmatists for letting blood in Consumptions, where nature is already so much defrauded of its Genius, and consequently rather hungers for a greater supply of nutriture: this objection they easily answer, in asserting that in many Consumptives there is a Plethora ad vires, (though in no wise ad vasa) a great acrimony in their blood, and an impetuous afflux of humours to their Lungs, which do very urgently indicate Phlebotomy; whereby Hipp. 5. Epid. 6. recovered a Consumptive, whose disease contemned all other remedies; and Galen 6. Epid. cured a Woman of a Phthisis by the same means. Several other Authors likewise observe many rescued from imminent Consumptions by detracting small proportions of blood. No doubt but Phlebotomy and Vomits have their use in this malady; but the Temperament, Age, Sex, and Idiosyncrasia of the Patient, degree of the Disease, and other urgent or contraindicating symptoms must be tightly observed.  
It's time I should take leave of my Reader, which the urgency of my affairs doth now prompt me to; However for his last farewell we'll entertain him with some few observations of mixed cures, namely partly spagyrical, and partly dogmatical.  
Obs. 1. One G. T. a Merchant's Apprentice, upon a continuated debauch, was surprised with a tedious Cough, oft expectorating small quantities of blood, whereupon he soon dropped into a proper Consumption, but was in a short time recovered by these means; I advised him to the Country, where by my appointment a proportion of blood was extracted twice out of the Haemorrhoids by Leeches. Before and afterwards was several times purged with this bol●. R. extract. rec. cass. ℥ ss pulp. tamarind. man. calabr. anʒij. crystal tart. ℈ j Rhab e●. pulv. agar. rec. troch. ā ℈ ss spic. nard. gr. 4. cum sacchar.  
M. F. Bol. for sixteen days he took this Elect. mornings and evenings, drinking upon it a draught of Decoct. of red Sanders sweetened with Sugar of Roses, and acuated with a drop or two of Spir. Sulphur. per camp. R. Magist. stypt. Specif. Hect. croc. angl. ā gr. 4. Conserv. ros. vet. ʒ j  
M. F. Bol. His ordinary drink was white Whey; his diet broths altered with herbs, and oftimes Buttermilk.  
Obs. 2. A young woman aged 24, spitting blood and matter upon the stoppage of her courses, was let blood out of the foot, and oft purged with Diaprunum lenit. ℥ ss Merc. dulc. gr. 15. crem. tart. ℈ j She drank a decoct. of Sarsa with Veron. agrimon. heder. ter. Dates, Corrents, and Liquorish for 21 days, at the expiration of which term she was cured of her Cough, and there appeared a show of her flowers. I advised her also to Looch. Papap. and è Pulm. vulp. ana. and to make an Issue in her left Leg.  
Obs. 3. A Child aged 3. deformed with the Rickets, & consumed to skin and bones, was cured in a month by the Tincture of tartar, taking two drops twice or thrice a day in Whey.  
Obs. 4. I have seen many thousands of Diseased in the Hospitals of France, Germany, Italy, Holland, Flanders, and other parts, but never observed so many great Diseases complicated in one body, as not long since in one of my Patients; the party had been seized of a latent venereal malady two or three years together, and newly again surprised with a Green virulent Conorrhe, a constant excretion of purulent matter; an immitigable Cough, a confirmed Dropsy, a most forbidden Ulcer in the Kidneys, evacuatting constantly a great quantity of blood and Pus (matter) with his Urinal, a perfect Consumption, great obstructions of his Bowels, and many other most urgent Symptoms. Whence I could observe the strange force of nature, though in a body naturally weak, to support such a number of great Diseases; and that which to me appeared more strange, was an intermission of at least two pulsations in nine or ten, continuing that type for several hours, I am confident, if not days.  
Obs. 5. A Smith that had expectorated putrid, thick, ugly matter for at least two months, I cured out of charity; I gave him two doses of Antimon. resuscit. the preparation whereof I have divulged to you in Venus Unmasked; and advised him to drink twice a day a small draught of Spring water being rendered bitter with soot burned out of wood, and sweetened again with brown Sugar, which in a month perfectly cured him. I thought to have presented you with several other remarks; but that the Bulk of this Treatise being already swelled beyond my purpose, obliges me to come to an   
END.  

The Table of Contents.  
CHAP. I. 
OF the Original, Contagion, and frequency of Consumptions. p. 2.  CHAP. II. 
Of the various acceptions of Consumptions. p. 6.  CHAP. III. 
Of the Fundamental Principles, or Balsamic mixture. p. 14.  CHAP. IU. 
Of the nature of a Consumption in general. p. 21.  CHAP. V. 
Of the nature of a Proper and True Consumption. p. 24.  CHAP. VI 
Of the nature and kinds of Bastard Consumptions. p. 30.  CHAP. VII. 
Of an Hypochondriack Consumption. p. 32.  CHAP. VIII. 
Of a Scorbutic Consumption. p. 37.  CHAP. IX. 


Of an Amorous Consumption. p. 39  
Of a Consumption of Grief. p. 56.    CHAP. X. 
Of a Studious Consumption. p. 61.  CHAP. XI. 


Of an Apostematick Consumption. p. 63.  
Of a Scirrous Consumption. p. 67.    CHAP. XII. 
Of a Cancerous Consumption. p. 68  CHAP. XIII. 
Of an Ulcerous Consumption. p. 69.  CHAP. XIV. 
Of a Dolorous Consumption. p. 71.  CHAP. XV. 
Of an Aguish Consumption. p. 72.  CHAP. XVI. 
Of a Febril Consumption. p. 74.  CHAP. XVII. 
Of a Uerminous Consumption. p. 75.  CHAP. XVIII. 
Of a Pocky Consumption. p. 80.  CHAP. XIX. 
Of a Bewitched Consumption. p. 81.  CHAP. XX. 
Of a Consumption of the Back. p. 91.  CHAP. XXI. 
Of a Consumption of the Kidneys. p. 103.  CHAP. XXII. 
Of a Consumption of the Lungs. p. 106.  CHAP. XXIII. 
Of the kinds of Pulmonique Consumptions. p. 109.  CHAP. XXIV. 
Of an Ulcerous Pulmonique Consumption. p. 111.  CHAP. XXV. 
Containing a disquisition upon the causes praecited. p. 115.  CHAP. XXVI. 
Of a more apparent cause of a Pulmonique Consumption. p. 121.  CHAP. XXVII. 
Of some less frequent and rarer causes of a Pulmonique and other sorts of Consumptions. p. 147.  CHAP. XXVIII. 
Of the Procatarctick or external causes of Pulmonique Consumptions. p. 155.  CHAP. XXIX. 
Of the Signs of a beginning or growing Consumption. p. 170.  CHAP. XXX. 
Of Signs, Diagnostic and Pragnostick, of the several kinds of spitting of Blood. p. 173.  CHAP. XXXI. 
Of the Diagnostic signs of a confirmed Consumption of the Lungs. p. 184.  CHAP. XXXII. 
Of the Prognostics of a Pulmonique Consumption. p. 195.  CHAP. XXXIII. 
The Therapentick for Consumptions. p. 206.  CHAP. XXXIV. 
The Preservative for Consumptives. p. 216.  CHAP. XXXV. 
The curative part for spitting of blood out of the Lungs. p. 223.  CHAP. XXXVI. 
The Cure of a Pulmonique Consumption. p. 233.   
FINIS.