THE HISTORY OF Isuf Bassa CAPTAIN GENERAL OF THE Ottoman Army At the Invasion of CANDIA.  
LONDON: Printed for Robert Kettlewel, at the Hand and Sceptre over against St. Dunstan's Church in Fleetstreet. 1684.   

TO THE READER.  
THe Novels and Romances of these times by mixing real things with Fiction, have so corrupted History, that it is hard to distinguish Truth from Fable. Nor is it only the Greek and Roman Story which have been so served, but the Turkish too. For as we have had a Grand Cyrus and a Cleopatra, so there is an Illustrious Bassa; the Authors of all which have prostituted Truth, to give colour and probability to their Inventions. But in this Relation, Reader, I assure you there is not any thing of that kind. All here is matter of fact, taken either out of approved Histories, or authentic Letters and Memorials.  
Besides the Life of Isuf Bassa, which is full of surprising Events, you have here the beginning of the War of Candia, of which he was a great occasion. Nor have you only the Successes of that War, but the Causes of it, and the Motives upon which it was undertaken. A War as memorable certainly as hath been in any Age, whether you consider the duration of it, which was Four and twenty years; or the numbers of Men which perished in it, of which there is an account of above Nine hundred thousand only of the Turkish side, who were buried in the Fields and in the Seas of Candia; or the disparity of the Forces betwixt which that War was made; a great part of the power of Europe, Africa, and Asia, being engaged against the single State of Venice.   

ERRATA.  
PAge 19 line 5. for Ports read Posts. p. 20. l. 18. read and overcame. p. 47. l. 17. for Discovering read Disserving. p. 58. l. 20. for Officers read others. p. 60. l. 7. for Court read Covent, l. 10. read Alvisi. p. 78. l. 16. for Naris read Nani. p. 89. l. 16. read was. p. 118. l. 6. read Cernide. p. 151. l. 4. for so read to. p. 156. l. last deal out Herald p. 158 l. 16. read Selectar.   

THE HISTORY OF ISUF BASSA.  

IN the Province of Dalmatia, upon the Confines of the State of Venice, lived a young man called Isuf Vascovich, meanly born, and very poor; but having a great heart, and impatient of the misery of his Condition, he resolved to put himself into the World, and try what Fortune would do for him.  
He set out of his Father's House in so ill equipage, that before he had gone far, his feet were all cut with the stones: which moved an old woman, who was touched with pity to see a handsome Youth in that condition, to give him a pair of Shoes; a kindness which in due time he amply requited. Isuf (for by that name he was afterwards known) came first to Nadin in Croatia, where having some knowledge of the Turkish Tongue, he put himself in the service of Sinan Bey, one of the Governors of that Country, as a helper in the Stables: But being taken notice of for a youth of more than an ordinary Wit, he was persuaded by a Capigi, who was going to the Court, to get his Congé of Sinan Bey, and to accompany him to Constantinople, the place for men to seek for Fortunes. Coming to the Seraglio, the best Employment he could get, was, to cleave Wood for the Grand Seignior's Kitchen; from which in a little time he was advanced to carry Water into the Garden, and admitted there as an under-Gardner; a Post of all inferior ones the most advantageous, since the Emperor passeth much time amongst those people, and often calls his Councils of State and War into his Gardens; by which means those Gardeners come acquainted with all the Grandees of the Court, and are known to the Sultan himself; who having no Hereditary Nobility, advanceth many times the meanest of his Slaves to the most eminent Dignities of the Empire.  
It happened that Isuf came into this Employment much about the time that Sultan Amurat went for Babylon; who before he began his Journey, sent for his three Brothers, Orcan, Bajazet, and Ibrahim, one after another; and discoursing to them of the Expedition he was undertaking, did what he could to sound their inclinations: and finding that Orcan and Bajazet desired Arms and Horses, that they might wait upon his Majesty to the War, he thought it not safe to leave such young men behind him; and so commanded that they should both be strangled. But Ibrahim, who innocently, or rather, as it is thought, by the instruction of the Sultaness his Mother, asked nothing of him but a few Asper's to buy Cages to put his Birds in, was left alive; but out of all capacity to make any disturbance in the absence of his Brother, being put under a strict Guard in one of the Towers of the Seraglio, where he had no creature to serve him but a woman-Negro, a Mute. In this Tower there was a window which looked into the Garden where Isuf used to water the Flowers; from whence Ibrahim would often peep through a Grate upon him, and listen to him as he sung, seeming delighted with the Music of his Voice. Isuf perceiving he was taken notice of by Ibrahim, and having compassion for this miserable Prince, would at certain times when no body observed him approach the Tower, and tell Ibrahim all the news of the Court, regaling him with such Flowers and Fruits as were in the Garden. Ibrahim finding that Isuf was disposed to serve him, and thinking him discreet, desired him, if he wished him well, as he pretended, that he would talk no more at the Grate, since if it were discovered, it might be the loss of both their lives. But (said he) when you have any thing to impart to me, sing it in a tune as you pass under my window; which I shall understand as well as if you spoke. By which means Ibrahim came to know all that passed in the Seraglio, and whatever succeeded in the Army.  
Amurat was now upon his march to besiege Babylon, when advice was brought him that the King of Persia had taken the Field with one hundred and twenty thousand Horse, and was encamped some leagues from Babylon, in a vast and fertile plain, abounding with Forage and Provision; where he stayed to countenance the Besieged, and to be ready upon occasion to give them secure.  
Old Babylon was built by Queen Semiramis, upon both sides the Euphrates, which cuts it in two; and was the Metropolis of the Assyrian Empire, and one of the seven Miracles of the World: But out of its ruins is arisen another Babylon, called Bagdet by the Turks, which stands not upon Euphrates, but fifty miles off, upon the River Tigris, which runs into Euphrates. This City is very vast, divided by the Tigris, and encompassed with an ancient Wall with some Halfmoons about it. But it's chief strength consisted in three great Ditches, and in the number and resolution of the Defendants; of which were forty thousand Garison-Souldiers, and as many Inhabitants bearing Arms, besides Gunners and Enginiers, who came from several parts of Christendom to serve the Persian.  
Upon the news of Amurat's marching, the King of Persia commanded the Suburbs of the City to be leveled with the ground, and put the place into the best condition it was capable of to receive so formidable an Enemy. And that he might omit nothing to stop this Inundation which threatened to overwhelm Asia, he sent an Ambassador to Amurat with rich Presents, to sue for Peace. But the Tyrant commanded, if the Ambassador did not offer the restitution of Babylon, that they should cut off his Nose and Ears. This the Grand Visir dissuaded, as an indignity not to be done to the Minister of so great a Prince, and one of their own Religion. The Present was most magnificent which the Ambassador brought: Eight Mules laden, forty Dromedaries covered with cloth of Silk and Gold, eight Persian Horses with rich Horses, eighteen Carpets of Silk and Seven of Gold, two hundred and forty Vests of Brocado and Velvet, two hundred pieces of the finest Porcelain, forty Sable Skins, nine Persian Bows with Arrows of most exquisite workmanship, great quantities of Musk and Ambergris, and twenty five Bayls of Linen painted. Besides, the Ambassador presented the Emperor with divers delicious Drinks, as the most acceptable things to a man so debauched and vicious; and last of all, the Koran written upon Silken paper, which the Grand Signior in reverence kissed.  
Hardly had the Ambassador exposed his Presents, and delivered his Credentials, but he was surrounded with Guards, and carried Prisoner to his own House; contrary to the Faith given him, and to the Law of Nations. But Amurat gave him to understand, that he would carry him back into Persia himself; who to increase his Army, had made six thousand new Janissaries, though he had decreed a little before, that their number should not upon any pretence be augmented. And to sweeten their Order, which he had much exasperated, and to oblige them for the future, he dressed himself in the habit of a Janisary, and marched so all his Journey in the head of his Army. Nor was his care less of his other Militia's: for he appeared personally at the Musters of his Timars, to see that no man upon pain of death should decline the service. And because the General of the Ordnance seemed to make some difficulty of getting along four vast pieces of Cannon, by reason of the badness of the way, he immediately caused his head to be struck off. So that after that, no creature durst interpose the least obstacle or delay to the executing of Amurat's Commands. Seeing Conservatories of Snow, which were to refresh his Wine, he would not let them be filled; saying, he would have nothing of Luxury or Delicacy in his Camp, and that he went not to carry Ice but Fire into Persia. He commanded all the Takers of Tobacco who were in his Army to be fleyed alive, and to be left exposed upon the Highway for an example. His chief Physician, a man learned in the Persian and Arabian Tongues, making him a relation of the admirable effects of Opium, he forced him to take so great a quantity of it himself, that he died within a few hours.  
All the way that Amurat went, his Army augmented, upon the arrival of new Sangiaches, who all left their Governments to attend the Sultan; who though he met with many disasters in his march, endured all with an invincible patience. As he crossed the Euphrates, the Bridge over which he passed his Army broke, not able to bear the weight which was upon it: Baggage, Horses, Camels, and many Soldiers, being swallowed by the water, swollen with the rains which were lately fallen. Besides this, a mortality reigned in his Army, which carried away his Soldiers every day. But no misfortune could deject Amurat, or retard his progress. The difficulties he encountered did but whet his Courage: and, as if he were sure of conquering, he made a Vow that he would not change his clothes till he was in Babylon.  
But though his heart was so much set upon this enterprise, he often thought of the state of his Affairs at home; and fearing Changes in his absence, repent him of the humanity which he had showed his Brother Ibrahim; and therefore dispatched away one of his Bassa's to Constantinople, with orders to see him strangled. The Bassa could not come so secretly into the Seraglio, but it was discovered by some of the Sultana's; who suspecting the cause of his Journey, and having pity for Ibrahim, the only Prince left of the Ottoman Line, would not let the Bassa touch him; but drove him out of the Seraglio in such haste, that he hardly escaped to carry the news to his Master. Amurat, though his heart boiled with rage for this Affront, did not think it a time to revenge it; but suppressing his resentment till his return, continued his march with most indefatigable pains; and the Ninth of November, in the year 1638, sat down before Babylon.  
Just before his arrival there, he was met by the Bassa of Cairo with rich Presents, and four and twenty thousand Soldiers. And from Palestine and all the Neighbouring Countries came Recruits, which added considerably to the number of his formidable Army. About the same time came Tarpos King of Arabia, with his Mother, Wife, and Son, to lay themselves at Amurat's feet. He was courteously received by the chief Bassa's, and feasted after their manner. Thence he went to visit the Grand Signior; but whether he were doubtful of his safety, or repent him of his coming, it was observed that at his entering he grew very pale. But finding Amurat's Favourite there to receive him, he thought it a good Omen; and was presently out of apprehension, when he saw himself presented with a Vest of Cloth of Gold lined with Sables, and a good purse of Chequins, with thanks for the assistance he had brought the Emperor.  
All the Troops of that vast Army being joined, there was a Council called, not only of the chief Officers, but of the old Janissaries and spahis who had been in the Wars of Hungary, to have their opinions concerning the conducting of the Siege. After great debates, it was concluded that an assault should be made at one time in three places: the first at the white Gate, under the Command of the Grand Visir, with a Battery of twelve Cannon; the Second at the black Gate, by Mustapha Bassa, with a Battery of ten Cannon; and the third at the Persian Gate, by Chussain Bassa, Beglerbeg of the lesser Asia, with eight pieces. Amurat visited all the Ports himself, promising his Soldiers vast Donatives; and wrote to the Caimecan of Constantinople, that he should order Prayers to be made throughout the Empire for his Success, he being resolved to conquer or to die. He put on plain clothes, that he might not be distinguished from other men; and that he might be present where danger presented itself, without being observed. His horse stood always ready saddled at the door of his Pavillon, that he might not lose a moment's time where there was occasion for his presence.  
Upon the opening of the Trenches, and the raising of the Batteries, he gave fire with his own hand to the first Gun; which was followed with a furious tempest of Canonades. In the beginning, the besieged sallied out in gross Squadrons; but being repulsed with great slaughter, they grew more cautious. There was a bloody Contest one day to get a Halfmoon; and it was hard to say whether the Aggressors were less expert in attaquing, or the Besieged in defending. But the Turks vast numbers supplied their defect of Skill, overcame all difficulties: so that they brought their Works to the edge of the ditch. And though their Mines had no effect, the besieged began to abate of their Courage, being in despair of succour. The Siege was carried on more with Swords than Spades, since there being no Outworks, all was reduced to Assaults.  
Amurat was so transported with a desire of carrying the place, that he would have led his men to the Breach himself, but that he was stayed by his Captains, who represented to him the extremity of his danger; offering to precipitate themselves, and sacrifice their own lives, rather than he should adventure his.  
Having passed the first and second Ditch, they met with desperate resistance at the third; but with multitudes of men they filled that too, and lodged upon it; so that now there was no defence remaining but the Wall, which, after they had made a breach in it of fifty yards long, they furiously assaulted. And here appeared a theatre of death, not only in tempests of Shot, but showers of artificial Fire, Sulphur, and Bitumen. Both sides fought for Life; the besieged expecting no quarter if the place were taken, and the besiegers no mercy from Amurat if they did not take it. On Christmas-day the Turks made their last attempt, led on by Mustapha Bassa, whose men mounted the breach with greater bravery than it had been yet assaulted. The Persians with equal resolution met them: and here began a Fight which was to decide the quarrel. As some men fell, new ones still succeeded; the earth being died with blood, and covered with carcases. At last the besieged were forced to give ground, being quite tired; and the Turks still reinforced with fresh Recruits, climbed up the breach over heaps of bodies; and Mustapha being the first who entered, with his own hand planted the Royal Standard in the City.  
In this Siege, of diseases and wounds, there perished fifty thousand Turks, and above ten thousand were wounded. Of the Persians, all the bravest men fell; only some four and twenty thousand, who survived the slaughter, throwing down their Arms, were by Amurat's command received to mercy. But Mustapha offended at the clemency of Amurat, persuaded him to put them all to the sword: remembering him how at Revan in Persia, where he gave the Conquered Quarter, to requite his Mercy, as soon as his Army was gone, they risen upon his Garrison and cut them in pieces, and restored the City to the Persian. This made Amurat, notwithstanding his Faith passed, give order to his Janissaries to cut all their throats; and, that the execution might be more terrible, to do it in the night, by the light of lanterns and torches. Of all this number there were only seven and twenty escaped, who were reserved by Amurat to be carried to Constantinople to adorn his Triumph.  
As soon as this bloody execution was ended, the sacking of the City was given to the Soldiers; which continued three days, with all imaginable cruelty; their avarice not distinguishing Mahometans from Christians, nor Friends from Enemies.  
The loss of Babylon was a greater mischief to the Christians than to the Persian: for as long as this place stood, the Ottoman Forces were continually employed upon this frontier, and wasted with long marches through desert and uninhabited Countries; so that they did but now and then molest the Christians. But from the loss of Babylon, and the Peace with Persia, the Calamities of Christendom may take their date. From hence it is that Poland and Hungary have been of late invaded, and Candia lost. And since this time the Persian hath attempted nothing considerable; but hanged up his Scymeter against the wall, and let his Arms grow rusty for want of use.  
This hazardous enterprise of Babylon being brought to so happy a conclusion, Amurat would have pursued this Victory into Persia, but that he was stayed by some indisposition of health; and at the same time he received a Letter from the Favourite Sultana, being then upon the frontier attending his return; who invited him from the assaults of War, to those of Love. A woman of a most charming behaviour, and so bountiful, that she gave the Messenger who brought her the news of the taking of Babylon ten thousand Dollars.  
Amurat, who was unbounded in his Rewards as well as Punishments, to requite the Grand Visir, who was slain in the Siege, made his Son, though very young, Governor of Mesopotamia, one of the most esteemed Commands in the Empire: and Mustapha Bassa, who had been so great an instrument in the taking of Babylon, he advanced to the supreme Visirship. He sent his chief Ecuyer with a rich Present of Sables to the Queen his Mother, to acquaint her with his success; having ever born her a most filial reverence. To reward this grateful News, the Queen obtained of her Son the Bassaship of Bulgaria, and conferred it upon the Messeger.  
Amurat, at his departure from Babylon, left the Grand Visir behind him, with secret instructions not to reject any reasonable offers of Peace: and then he dismissed the Persian Ambassador, whom he had kept Prisoner with him all this while; and delivered him a Letter in answer to that which the Ambassador had brought him from his Master; the tenor of which was: I who am Lord of Lords, and command Arabia, Persia, and Greece, exalted by the aid of God to the Empire of the Universe, the invincible Possessor of the White and Black Sea, Lord of the Divine House of Mecca and Medina, as also of Jerusalem, Aleppo, Damascus, and of all those Holy and Venerable places, of Cairo and Babylon, of Ethiopia and the lesser Asia, of the Georgians and the Tartars, and in a word, supreme Lord of the seven Climates, Sultan Amurat Can, To the brave Soffi, to whom God give peace if he deserve it. As soon as this my Imperial Letter, which is fit to be obeyed, shall come to thee, be it known that the cause why I detained till now thy Ambassador whom thou hast sent to my happy Port to sue for Peace, was, that I might subdue Bagdat; which I have done, thanks to the edge of my Invincible Sword. If thou desirest to be quiet, deliver up those Provinces which were the Dominion of my unconquered Ancestors, putting them into the hands of my Beglerbegs, who will advance thither with my victorious and unresistible Army. Otherwise expect me in the Spring with my Troops, more numerous than the sands of the Sea, in the bowels of thy Kingdom. That shall succeed which is determined from eternity.   

The destruction of Camels and beasts of burden had been so great in this march, that there were scarce enough remaining to carry home the Baggage to Constantinople, whither Amurat was now hastening, to solace himself after his fatigues, and to refresh his Soldiers. The Sultana's and all the Ministers vied with one another who should get the richest Regalo's to present their Monarch; which, with those which were sent him by the Queen-Mother, were in all computed at above a Million of Gold.  
Upon the way, his Majesty was seized with so violent a Headache, that he could not stand: whereupon his Physicians were sent for. The next day he was taken with a trembling, which at first was looked upon as the effect of a Fever; but continuing, they apprehended it might turn to a Palsy or Apoplexy. With this he had so great a swelling in his legs, that he could hardly sit on horseback; the state of his health being utterly destroyed by his excesses of Wine and Women.  
The Sultana Favourite came before him into Constantinople with six Galleys; and the Queen-Mother, attended by all the Grandees, went out to meet him; and then he made his entry with a number of Coaches covered with cloth of Gold. At the end of the Cavalcade Amurat himself appeared, dressed in a Persian habit, with two and twenty Slaves of the chief men of that Nation, whom he had taken Prisoners at Babylon. His treasure carried by ten Galleys was landed at the Seraglio: and that which he brought home, was calculated to be more than what he took out when he began his Journey. Christian Princes grow rich by Peace, but the Turk by War; who repairs his expenses out of the Avanies which he lays upon his rich Subjects, and out of the Spoils of the Nations which he conquers.  
Being now returned home, the first thing he did was to show that rage which he had so long hidden, for the indignity which was done him in his absence in saving Ibrahim when he had commanded his death. And therefore he gave orders that those Sultana's and all their women who had a hand in that action should be strangled, leaving the unfortunate Ibrahim alive but till he had a Son born to inherit the Empire.  
And now Amurat elated with his Victories, seemed to be above Fortune, and to despise all things, even his own Law and his own Religion, and to care neither for man nor God. He put his Mufti to death; which the most tyrannical of his Predecessors had never attempted; laughed at all Devotion, & would not fast at the Ramasan: but abandoning himself to all kind of dissolution, one night he made so great a debauch, that they were fain to carry him to bed; though but a little before, he had made a Vow, being very sick, that he would never drink Wine more; and caused all the Cups and Glasses with which he had made his debauches to be broke, though some of them were of Crystal of the Rock, and others of Stones of great price. But this last debauch put an end to all his extravagancies: for being seized upon by an unintermitting Fever, his Physicians were in that fear, that they durst not direct any Remedies, lest if they failed to give him Life, they should procure their own Deaths. But being pressed by the Queen-Mother and the great Ministers to do something, they agreed to let him blood: which had an ill effect; for he died presently after, in the flower of his age, having lived thirty three years, and reigned fifteen.  
Amurat being dead, the chief Visir with all the Grandees of the Court repaired to the Prison where Ibrahim was kept, the only surviving Prince of the Royal Family. When they came to the door to salute him Emperor, he suspected it an artifice of his Brother to take away his life; and lifting his hands to Heaven, prayed to God to preserve the King his Brother, for the prosperity and glory of the Ottoman Empire. But they all confirming to him with protestations the death of Amurat, and the change of Ibrahims' Fortune, which translated him from the Grave to the Throne; after some resistance he let them into his Chamber, where they found him almost stifled with stench and putrefaction; the Negro-woman who attended him being dead in the Room, and no order taken to carry the Corpse away. But still being jealous that the news which they brought him was not true, he declared to the company, that if it were so as they told him, that God had taken to himself the Emperor his Brother, he would not stir out of his Chamber till he had seen his body. They seeing him resolute, to comply with his pleasure fetched the Corpse of Amurat to the prison, and laid it down before him. At the sight of which, Ibrahim had that horror, that he seemed to be afraid of the very carcase; and not trusting to his eyes, would feel with his hands if he were alive, who had kept him so many years in a kind of perpetual death. Nor yet satisfied with feeling the body cold and stiff, he kneeled down and put his mouth to the mouth of the Corpse, to try if he could perceive it breathe. At last, finding that great Monarch dead and unmovable, who had held in motion so long a great part of the world, he risen up, and said these words, becoming the Majesty of a free Prince: There lies the greatest King and the greatest Tyrant that ever was. And then walking out, they clothed him in purple, and proclaimed him Emperor with loud acclamations of the Soldiers and the People.  
And so he began his Reign auspiciously, and had made his Subjects happy, if he had continued as he began: for he confirmed the Peace with the State of Venice, entered into an alliance with France, and had a fair Correspondency with all the great Potentates of Europe. And to give the world an opinion of the clemency of his nature, he commanded the Grand Visir that he should put no man to death but for just and urgent reason.  
The Grand Visir thinking this mildness of Ibrahim to proceed from his simplicity, began to govern as despotically as if he had been Emperor himself. He removed from the Court all the great Ministers and Servants of Amurat, upon pretence of giving them Governments and Charges; and filled the Family of Ibrahim with his own Dependants. Only the Selectar Bassa he had not power to displace, nor to employ any where else, in regard of the nature of his Office, which kept him always about the person of the Emperor: Yet he prevailed so far with his arts and cunning, that he at last got his head, and so remained Arbiter of all affairs.  
During these changes in the Court, as Ibrahim one day was enjoying the pleasure of his Gardens, which till then he had not of a long time seen but out of a grate, one of the old Gardeners of the Seraglio came and cast himself at his feet: which he perceiving, stayed to speak with him, ask him what news there was in the Court, and what the World said of his person. The Gardener taking hold of the occasion, had the courage to tell him, that all good men were troubled to see his Majesty more a slave to his own slave, than he had lately been to the King his Brother. Ibrahim wondering at what he said, asked him who it was that he was a slave to? To the Grand Visir, replied the Gardener. See, Sir, said he, if in all thy Court there be the face of any Minister or Servant of the Emperor Amurat. No, said he, there is not one: All of them are banished by Mustapha; only the Selectar, who by reason of his Office could not be taken from thy person, hath lost his head, because he would not be an Instrument of his Tyranny. Look about thee, and thou wilt see thyself surrounded with his Dependants and Creatures; nor canst thou move one of thy eyes but he knows it. Thou art here shut up and lost amongst Women, whilst thy Visir commands all the Men of thy Empire. Awake, and think of thy Brother Amurat, who though for reasons of State he kept thee a Prisoner, was a great and wise Prince, and would not let his Slaves be his Masters. He loved his Subjects, and protected them from the oppression of his Ministers and Soldiers. He would know every thing; and as he was the chief man in his Empire for his quality and merit, he would be the chief in administering justice, and concerning himself for the safety of his people. Make thyself a worthy Successor of so great a Prince, who having with his arms subdued half the World, hath founded this mighty Empire upon the basis of Honour and Justice.  
The words of this old man made an incredible impression in the breast of Ibrahim, who being sensible that that was too true which the Gardener told him, resolved to free himself from the subjection he was in, and do some surprising thing, that the world might see he was master of himself, and knew how to command without the help of others. The Office of Selectar was now vacant by the arts of the Grand Visir, who had taken off the head of him who last possessed it; nor was it known upon whom Fortune would confer this important Charge, to which all the youth of the Seraglio aspired, as to the highest reward of Virtue. Nor did the Grand Visir care for having any Selectar at all, lest it should diminish his authority, and make one of those who were now at his command, his competitor in the Government. However, Ibrahim resolved to proceed to the election of this Officer, and commanded there should a great Feast be made, such as is usual at the creation of the Selectar.  
Upon the news of this, the Grand Visir was infinitely troubled; not so much for the danger of having a Rival in the Emperor's favour, as for finding in Ibrahim a Genius to command, and an assurance in doing business of that concernment without participating it to him. So that he durst not directly oppose the Grand Signors resolution, which would have been a capital offence, but artificially endeavoured to discredit the election, by telling him that his Highness needed not take care to make a Feast for the exaltation of one of his slaves, since Feasts were most proper for the Triumphs of Princes. Ibrahim heard him with much coldness, telling him that he would advance and depress whom he pleased; and for all his remonstrances, would celebrate a Feast for the Creation of the Selectar, according to the custom of his Progenitors. Mustapha was silent, as if he had been struck with thunder; and amazed at so sudden a change in the Sultan, found that he was mistaken in thinking Ibrahim an Idiot; and that that dulness and stolidity which had appeared in him, was rather an effect of his long imprisonment, and the continual apprehension he had been in of death, than want of natural parts and understanding.  
As soon as the Grand Visir was gone, Ibrahim commanded that they should look him out a poor Gardner called Isuf Vascovich, and conduct him immediately to his presence. Isuf understanding he was sent for by the Grand Signior, imagined that his last hour was come, and that he was fetched to be put to death for discovering the late Emperor Amurat, and betraying his secrets to Ibrahim, who might reasonably think he would do the like by him; since Princes, though they make use of Traitors, do always hate them. But he was quickly undeceived: for Ibrahim came out to meet him, and embracing him with open arms, and kissing him, told the company that this was he whom he would make Selectar Bassa; and that he thought it justice and gratitude to do it, since Isuf was the only person in the world who had obliged him, having with the utmost hazard of his life served him in his calamity, when none alive but he durst own him. An heroical piece of Gratitude, and fit to be recorded to succeeding Ages! If Ibrahim had not stained the lustre of this action by other odious and detestable vices, he had not gone out of the world as he did, with the opinion of a Monster and a madman, but been eternised by Fame amongst the most virtuous Princes.  
Isuf, who but the day before had nothing in the world that he could call his own, being now created Selectar, found himself in an instant, with what his Master gave him, and with the Presents which were made him by the Sultana's and the Grandees of the Court, worth a million of Gold. Some sending him Jewels, others Money, some Horses, others Slaves, others Furniture for his house. And that he might be as great as Fortune could make a Subject, Ibrahim declared him Bassa of the Sea, and gave him to Wife a Lady of the Ottoman house.  
But in all this greatness and prosperity, he was quickly weary of the Court: for finding that Ibrahim's nature was so corrupted by his Fortune, that of a hopeful Prince he was like to make a cruel Tyrant, being bloody, wilful, and uncapable of counsel; he resolved secretly with himself to retire from the Court, to a private life, and to pass the remainder of his days in quiet in his own Country. And because this could not be done by a man in his Post, without giving some suspicion, he bethought himself of this pretence. It is a custom in Turkey for men who are arrived to great riches, that they may lessen Envy, to employ part of them in pious works. And because none can found Mosques but the Grand Signior himself, or such Bassa's as have conquered Provinces or Kingdoms to the Ottoman Empire, he resolved to build and endow some houses in the Country as Inns for Pilgrims, that Travellers might be entertained there in their Journeys without expense; a thing of great convenience for strangers, in that desert and depopulated Empire. Communicating then to Sinan Bey his first Master his design of building an Inn for Pilgrims in his own Country, and in the Territory of Urana where he was born, he assigned Sinan money to begin the work, and sent down by him several Presents to his kindred, and five hundred Royals to the good old woman who had given him a pair of shoes when she met him barefoot on the way.  
Now there arising some dispute betwixt Sinan Bey and other Agents of Isuf concerning the covering of this new house, one thinking best to send into Hungary, others into Apulia for Tiles; he sent to them to hasten the work, bidding them not to trouble themselves about the covering, since he would be there time enough himself to give order in it. The preparations for this building, and these words of Isuf, that he would be there himself, coming to the knowledge of the Venetian Ministers at Constantinople, who watch with continual jealousy every thing that is done and said in that Court, made them suspect that there was some mischief brewing against the Republic. For they could not imagine that so great a man as the Selectar Bassa, chief favourite of the Grand Signior, and one who was thought to bear particular ill-will to the State of Venice, should leave the Court, and come down into Dalmatia, only to give orders about a building. And therefore concluding that this was but a pretence to cover some great design, they found a way by Presents to the Grand Visir, and other means, in which above all Nations there the Venetians are skilful, to stop the Selectar's Journey.  
It may easily be conceived what a disappointment this must be to the Selectar, who had set his heart upon retiring from the Court, that he might put his life and fortunes in safety; for the accomplishing of which, he could devise no other means but this. He could not but be troubled too, to be defeated of the satisfaction he had promised himself in seeing his native Country, and showing his Wealth and Greatness there, where not many years before he had been a miserable Peasant. Indeed this so increased the aversion he had to the Venetians, that it was not long before they felt most heavy effects of his resentment. Of so much moment sometimes, in the greatest affairs of State, are little disgusts given to the Ministers of Princes.  
About this time Ibrahim was meditating a War against Malta, in revenge of an injury which he had received from the Maltese upon this occasion: The Grand Sultana amongst her Attendants had a Georgian Lady, a most gentile and charming beauty, with whom Ibrahim took his pleasure, and had a Son by her. This so disturbed the Sultana who governed his affections, to see herself Rivalled by her own woman, who daily grew in the favour of the Sultan, that she caused a slow poison to be given her, which destroyed her health, and preyed upon her beauty; and had certainly carried her to her grave, but that Antidotes, joined with youth and a vigorous constitution, overcame it. However, the Georgian thought herself unsafe in the Court, having an implacable enemy of the Sultana; so that one day she cast herself at Ibrahims' feet, beseeching him to give her leave to perform a Vow she had made to their great Prophet; which was, to go in pilgrimage to Mecca, to carry her little Son there to be circumcised. But Ibrahim was so fond of her, that he would not hear of it, till she told him that it was not only the satisfaction of her Conscience, but the consideration of her Health, that obliged her to make this humble suit to him; since her Physicians had assured her she was in danger of death by her ill habit of body, and that they knew nothing so likely to restore her as the Baths of Rhodes, which were in her way to Mecca. This made Ibrahim at last, though with much reluctancy, consent to her Journey. But he had that concern for her, that he ordered the best ship he had to carry her; and appointed Gelis Aga, one of the greatest Aga's of the Court, who had been a Favourite to three Grand Signors, to attend and take care of her. And so in September 1644, this Georgian Lady with her little Son embarked for Rhodes, with forty Women and thirty Pages, and all other equipage suitable to the condition of a person who had the favour of so great a Monarch. They had not been many days at Sea, when six Galleys of Malta, who were cruzing towards the Isle of Rhodes, descried about break of day a great Gallion bearing Turkish Colours; and making up to her, began a bloody fight, which continued many hours; wherein Boisbodrant General of the Galleys was slain, and several other Knights of Malta, with one hundred and sixteen Officers, and two hundred and fifty six wounded. At last the old Aga being killed, they boarded the Gallion, taking the Lady with her Son and her retinue, and three hundred and fourscore other Turks, besides two rich Merchant-ships which were in company. The Gallion was so torn with the shot received in the fight, that she foundered in the Sea before they could get to Malta. And the Lady oppressed with grief for her misfortune, and the captivity of her Son, died in a little time after her arrival there. The Great Master gave the young child to the Dominican Friars to breed him up in the Christian Religion; which they did with that success, that when he came to years of understanding, he did not only make profession of the Christian Faith, but entered into a Religious life, and took upon him the habit of a Dominican, and the name of Father Dominique Ottoman. In this Habit I saw him at Paris in the Court of the Jacobins, in the year 1665, being carried thither by the Venetian Ambassador Signior Alvisi Sagredo, now Patriarch of Venice, to whom he gave a picture of himself, which I now have. The Dominicans had taught him so well, that he had the knowledge of most Sciences, and spoke five or six Languages. And though he seemed under the habit of a Friar to have the mien of a Prince, he conformed himself strictly to the Rules of his Order; nor could I see any distinction betwixt him and others of the Convent, but that he left the Ambassador at the stair foot, whilst the other Fathers attended him to his Coach.   

Ibrahim hearing of the loss of his Ship and the captivity of his Mistress, fell into such a rage, that no man durst speak to him; vowing he would be revenged in the extirpation of the Maltese. And then commanded his Army to be drawn together, and a Fleet to be made ready to besiege Malta. But his great Ministers and Councillors, who understood the difficulty of this enterprise, took a time to dissuade him from it; representing to him that the voyage was very long, the season of the year spent, and that he had not Seamen ready to man so great a Fleet as was necessary for such an Expedition; and above all, they minded him of the strength of the place which he would besiege, which was not only admirably fortified both by Art and Nature, but defended by the most expert men of all Christendom, who having no employment but to fight, were bred Soldiers from their infancy, and with a few Galleys kept the whole Levant in awe.  
Upon which, Ibrahim, who would not be contradicted, as knowing no reason but his own will, grew into that fury, that he had like to have put them to death who made this remonstrance to him; so that for some time no man durst open his mouth to him any more upon this matter. At last, one of the Visirs who had more courage than the rest, said, None of us know what Malta is, having never been there; but it would be fit, before your Highness resolve upon so great an enterprise, that you had exact information from some one who hath been upon the place; and then told him that he knew an Aga lately come from thence, who had been a slave there four years, and could give a perfect account of all things, if it were his pleasure to command him. Upon which the Aga being called, Ibrahim bade him faithfully and freely relate to him the state of that Island. The Aga with profound obeisance assured him that the strength of Malta was considerable; that besides the advantage of the situation and double fortifications, which made it almost impregnable, it was defended by men of high resolution; that all the Campagne round the Town was nothing but a hard rock, without earth to work on, so that it was almost impossible to make any Approaches; that the Fleet which should bring an Army there, could not stay before the place, by reason of want of Ports, and the furious winds which reigned in those Channels; that Italy and Sicily were so near, that the place would continually receive succours; and last of all, that Malta was so far from Constantinople, that his Army could not arrive there time enough; it being necessary for whoever would besiege that place, to be there in June, since in three months' time they of necessity must retire, the tempests in those Seas were so violent about the beginning of September.  
These reasons, so contrary to the designs of Ibrahim, instead of satisfying him, did but inflame his anger. But however, that he might know all that the Aga could tell him, he asked him what People those Maltese were, who made the Conquest of Malta so difficult. The Aga answered, that they were a body of Nobility drawn from all parts of Christendom; and naming the Knight's Nation by Nation, told him that the major part of them were Frenchmen; that their Prince the great Master who commanded them was a Frenchman; and that to make the enterprise easy, it would be best for his Highness to try if he could prevail with the King of France to call home the Knights of that Nation; without which it would be almost impossible to take Malta.  
At these words Ibrahim was so incensed, that he stormed as if he had been mad; and hardly knowing what he said or did, commanded them immediately to bring him the French Ambassadour's head: which had certainly been done, but that the Chizlar Aga, a black Eunuch who was there, diverted him. This Aga being a grave man, and of great reputation for his Judgement, as well as Zeal for the Grand Signors Service, remonstrated to him, how that for above these threescore years, in which he had had the honour to serve five Emperors, he had seen many Wars, and great calamities had befallen the Monarchy; but in all the Consultations of his time, he had never known so much as mention made of cutting off an Ambassador's head: that such an indignity could not be done to so potent a Monarch as the King of France, but it would be revenged; and if the Galleys of Malta could give his Highness such disturbance, what might the King of France do with the mighty Forces of his Kingdom? That this action was contrary to all Reason of State and good Government, and would redound much to the prejudice of his Empire, which his Ancestors had maintained from time to time as well by prudence as by power.  
This discourse was heard with applause by all the Council: but Ibrahim, who measured the reason of all things by his own caprice, was so offended with him who made it, that in a rage he commanded the unfortunate Eunuch to be put to death. The Council, though they were sensible of the danger to which they exposed themselves, were so touched at the injustice of this sentence, and had that respect for the Chizlar Aga, that they interceded for him. But all they could obtain, was to have the Judgement of Death changed into Exile. And so the poor man was banished to Gallipoli, and in an instant despoiled of all which he had been getting in the service of threescore years.  
The enterprise of Malta being found not advisable, and Ibrahim still breathing hate and revenge against the Christians, proposed in Council to fall upon Sicily; which if they were once Masters of, Malta could not long resist, since from thence it had all its provisions. Some Sicilian Banditoes, who commonly are the most mortal enemies of their own Country, had suggested this to the Grand Visir, persuading him that they would put Syracuse into his hand; which he being once possessed of, might with little difficulty subdue the rest of that Kingdom. Others advised an expedition into the Kingdom of Naples. But both these Propositions being rejected, they fell into discourse of Candia; when Isuf Selectar Bassa, to whom Fortune now presented an occasion to be revenged of the Venetians, represented to them, that in his opinion that business was the most feasible of any thing that had yet been thought of: And that it was just too, since the Maltese, who took the Grand Signors Gallion, after this exploit landed first in Candia, and were courteously received there by the Inhabitants, who bought their Prizes of them.  
But for the present, this was secretly diverted by the Grand Visir, who was a friend to the Republic of Venice; and condemned by the Mufti as contrary to their Law, which will not allow a War to be made against Christians when they are in War amongst themselves, for fear they should unite together against Believers. Besides, the Mufti said that it would be unjust to invade any Prince before they had declared War against him. Upon which, there was nothing at that time concluded. But Ibrahim in his own mind determined now to turn his Arms upon Candia; which was a Secret he would deposit nowhere but in the bosom of the Selectar; and therefore kept it from the knowledge even of the Grand Visir, for fear he should discover his design to the Venetians, with whom he suspected that he kept intelligence.  
In a few days after this, the Ambassadors of France and Venice were sent for to Court, and given to understand that the Grand Signior desired to know of them who these people were who had taken his Gallion; and why they the Ambassadors had not advised him of it without being asked. To so impertinent a question their answer was, that they knew nothing of it, and that it was certain it was come to pass without the consent of their Princes, who desired to maintain a sincere correspondence with the Grand Signior. It was replied, that his Highness was amazed to understand that the King of France his ancient Confederate should send his Subjects to Malta to make war upon him under the Banners of others; that he had always held the King of France for his very good Friend, but that for the future he should look upon him as his mortal Enemy, if he did not call his Knights of Malta home, and make them restore all that they had taken upon his Gallion. To this the French Ambassador answered, that the French who lived at Malta were out of the Kingdom of France; that the King his Master had no authority over them, that Island being tributary to the King of Spain, who was then in war with France; and as for the restitution of the Goods which were taken by men who did not depend upon his King, there was no reason why they should speak to him of it.  
Then they began to reproach the Venetian Ambassador, that the Ministers of the Republic, contrary to the Peace sworn with the Grand Signior, had given free ingress to the Malta Galleys into the Ports of Candia; and that after the taking of his Gallion, they had there landed men and horses, and sold their Prizes: And therefore to prevent the like inconvenience for the future, his Highness demanded of them the Port of Suda, to secure his Fleet which he was sending to besiege Malta. The Ambassador answered, That Candia had never entertained the Galleys of Malta: That the Grand Signior was misinformed, and that he would acquaint the Senate with his demand; but that he did verily believe they would never grant it.  
In the mighty preparations which were now making for the invasion of Candia, Ibrahim and the Selectar with most profound dissimulation endeavoured to hid the design; and to take all umbrage from the Venetians of a War with them, they gave leave for two Druggermen and a Janisary to pass to Venice with a Safe-conduct to fetch Signior Dolfino, who was designed Bailo to Constantinople, as they were used to do in times of peace. And with Signior Soranzo the present Bailo at Constantinople they continued all demonstrations of courtesy and friendship, to make him believe that Ibrahim intended a sincere Correspondence with the Republic. But Soranzo, who was a man of an acute and penetrating understanding, discerned that all this was counterfeit; and that notwithstanding this appearance of goodwill, they were preparing to sheathe their swords in the bowels of the Venetians. But not being able to penetrate the certainty of their design, he solicited the Senate to provide for Candia. With this concurred the advice of Antonio Navagiero Proveditor of Canea, who had information from some Spies of his at Constantinople, that the preparations making were not for Malta. And at the same time Navagiero took some disguised like Fishermen sounding the depth of the Water about Canea, whom he kept Prisoners, and acquainted the Senate with it; taking occasion from thence to give them an account of the condition of the place, and what Soldiers and Provisions were necessary for the defence of it. Ragozzi likewise, Prince of Transylvania, who had constant intelligence from Constantinople, advised Cardinal Mazarine that the Turk had a design upon Candia: which the Cardinal presently imparted to Signior Battista Naris the Venetian Ambassador at Paris. But the knowledge of this came not to Venice till after the Venetian Bailo was arrested, and that the Turkish Fleet was under sail for Candia.  
The Senate of Venice being now alarmed, and fluctuating in their opinions what to do, betwixt the fear of neglecting their own defence on the one side, and of provoking the Ottoman power on the other, resolved on a middle way; which commonly proves fatal to those who use it. And therefore they would not send such a force to Candia as might make the Grand Signior think they designed a War with him, but only as much as was necessary to reinforce their Garrisons, and so be only upon the defensive, without giving occasion of coming to a rapture. So they fitted up two Galleazze, and elected thirty Gentlemen to command so many Galleys; giving order to Cornaro General of Candia to make ready the twenty Galleys of that Kingdom, and to keep them there to defend the Port of Suda. They likewise laded two ships with Ammunition and Victuals, which, as they were going for Candia, at the Cape of Mattopan were met with five Vessels of Biserta, which engaged them in a bloody fight that continued six hours. But at last the Venetians, notwithstanding the disadvantage of their number, opened their way with their Cannon, and came well to Candia. But Capello, who was sent with other ships which carried nine Companies of Foot, with divers Gunners and Enginiers, besides provisions of Victual and Powder, arrived at Suda without any ill encounter. Upon which General Cornaro sent the twenty Galleys of the Kingdom thither, with divers other Vessels, for the preservation of a place upon which it was thought the fate of Candia depended. But experience hath showed what a mistake that was, and that the preserving not of Suda, but of Canea, had been the saving of that Kingdom. For Canea being taken, which was upon the firm land of the Island, there was no force there sufficient to resist the impressions of the Turks; so that to lose that, was to lose all. Whereas the Fort of Suda was not of that consequence, being only a Rock in the Sea, and at a good distance from the main land of Candia.  
As soon as Ibrahim understood that his Fleet was ready, he declared Isuf Selectar Bassa Captain-General of the Expedition, giving him a Commission sealed up, with express command not to open it till he came to Navarino in the Morea; where he was to consult with his Captains what course to take for the better executing of his design. And then he went in person to see his Armada, where Isuf cast himself at his feet, with threescore and ten of his chief Officers. It is reported, that Ibrahim being told how the Aga of the Janissaries had said, that if the Army went for Candia, the Laurels which they brought thence would be watered with Turkish blood; cried out, that they would meet with no opposition, and that he had sent Isuf to take possession for him of that Kingdom. When Isuf took his leave, Ibrahim presented him with a rich Scymitar set with Diamonds; and prayed to Mahomet to give him a prosperous and successful voyage.  
The Venetian Bailo at Constantinople, who began now to get some light of the design, went, according to the custom of that Court, to compliment the Captain-General at his departure; who received him with unusual courtesy. And the Bailo with a dissimulation as deep as his, with his tongue wished him a happy Voyage, when in his heart he would have been glad that he and all his Army had been in the bottom of the Sea.  
This great Fleet sailing out of the Hellespont, filled all the Kingdoms of the Mediterranean with fear and terror, none yet knowing where the tempest would fall. But it is very strange that the Mufti before they went should declare in the Divan, that this War against the Christians was unjust, and against the Laws of Mahomet. And when they told him that all things were lawful to the Grand Signior, because he could do whatever he pleased, and none could call him to account for it; he replied, that the Ottoman Force was very great of itself, but unequal to all Christendom united together; and therefore it was rashness at this time to provoke the Christian Princes, who it was to be feared might now make a greater league together than they had done in the War of Cyprus. The Grand Visir reprimanded the Mufti for this liberty, telling him that he was more zealous for his Law, than well acquainted with Reason of State, the maxims of which have nothing to do with those of Religion.  
Ibrahim hearing what had passed in the Divan, and of the Remonstrances the Mufti had made there, deposed him from his dignity, to the great scandal of the People, who murmured loudly at this action; and said, that God would never bless the Ottoman House, as long as the chief Minister of his great Prophet was thus used: so well-affected are those people, though ignorant and unbelievers, to what they conceive to be according to Law and Justice.  
The Selectar now being under sail with his vast Fleet, arrived at Scio, the most delicious Island of the Archipelago, commanding all his Vessels to take in Water. Here he landed; and after public Prayers made in a Moschee for the success of his enterprise, he took a review of all his Forces, animating his Soldiers, and filling their minds with great expectations. And being curious to know the opinions of his general Officers and chief Captains concerning the War he was going to make, he called a Council; and concealing the Orders he had from the Grand Signior to invade Candia, shown them only a Commission which he had received to make War upon the Christians; and so desired their advice where to begin the War most for the advantage and glory of the Ottoman Empire. Assan Bassa, an Albanese of great reputation in the Army, began a discourse about the attacking of Malta; and when he had set forth the hazardousness of that enterprise, and the disastrous success of formerly attempting that place; he concluded, that he did not approve of it. Amurat Aga of the Janissaries concurred with him, adding, that there was no going to besiege any place in the Western Seas, without good harbours to retire to: intimating thereby, that to fall upon Candia would be more commodious. All the other Captains seemed to be of the same opinion. But the General of Barbary could not contain himself from falling soul upon the Venetians, remembering the defeat which the Barbary Galleys had received at the Vallona, and not considering the vast sum which the Republic had given to make up that breach. And to exasperate the Council, he at last assured them that the only remedy they had to repair past injuries, and to prevent future, was to despoil the Venetians of Candia, which was the Sanctuary of the Christian Pirates; and that this was very easy at this time to be effected, since the Inhabitants were desperately discontented, and the Island unprovided of all things necessary for a defence.  
The Selectar was much pleased to find the opinion of his Officers so well quadrate with his design; and presenting them with Herns feathers for their Turbans, as a mark of his esteem, he set sail for Negropont. As he passed by Tine, the last Island of the Republic in the Archipelago, to make the Venetians more secure, he sent a Frigate and two Saiches into the Harbour, to demand permission to take water there; giving out that the Fleet was bound for Malta. Staying here some days, and having received all sorts of refreshments from Signior Riva Proveditor of the Island, he came to Cape Colonna, from whence he dispatched away a Frigate to Ibrahim, to give him an account of his Voyage, and of the Courtesies he had received from the Venetians.   

The cruel Prince seeing he could no longer hid his design for Candia, on a sudden owned his treachery, and said, that the reason why he had so dissembled, was to secure his revenge; and that he had but broken faith with those, who had first broke it with him. And then he commanded to seize upon the Venetian Bailo in his own house, and to put a guard of Soldiers upon him: excusing this horrid violation of the Law of Nations to the Ambassadors of other Princes, by saying, he did this to prevent the Bailo from discovering his designs to the Republic.  
As soon as it was known at Venice that their Bailo at Constantinople was arrested, and a War begun, they sent to the great Potentates of Christendom to solicit succour. The Emperor excused himself upon his inability to help them, since he had occasion for his Troops himself. England was engaged in a miserable civil War, so that nothing could be expected thence. Holland would not meddle, out of consideration of the trade they had in Turkey; nor show them any further favour, than to sell them ships for their money; a Courtesy which they would not have denied their Enemies. But the Queen of France, for the credit of her Regency, gave them four Fireships, and a hundred thousand Crowns in money, with permission to raise what Officers and Soldiers they could in France. The Spaniard, who was nearer the danger by reason of his Kingdoms of Sicily and Naples, made magnificent promises, but furnished out only five Galleys. The Pope set out five more, and published a Jubilee, giving leave to the State of Venice to raise a hundred thousand Crowns in gold upon their own Clergy. The Grand Duke sent two Companies of Germans, which he drew out of his Garrisons; and five Galleys; which, with the Pope's and the Spanish Galleys, and six Galleys of Malta, made one and twenty Galleys; and were commanded as a distinct Fleet by Prince Lodovisio, as General of the Church. The Duke of Parma sent two thousand men; and the Genovese made mighty offers, but upon such conditions as were rejected. For they required to be treated with the same respect as the State of Venice, and to have their Arms set up in the Vatican-Hall at Rome, as the Venetians have, amongst the crowned heads: a demand, which the State of Venice chose rather to be without their Succours than consent to.  
At this time the miseries of Candia were foretold by several strange Presages, as great Earthquakes, and births of Monsters; and, which was most of all taken notice of, the front of St Mark's Church, and part of one of the Bastions called St. Mark, fell down to the ground of their own accord.  
The fame of the Ottoman Fleet in the Archipelago being come to Candia, and of their watering at Tine with so much civility, as likewise of several Turkish ships having been entertained and regaled at Cerigo by the Rector of that Island, to whom they brought respectful Letters from Coroaga Bassa of Rhodes, made the people hope that the apprehensions they had conceived were without ground, and that the Ottoman Fleet was designed for some other place than Candia: Fortune does so delight to delude Mortals with some momentary quiet, that the calamities which are to come may fall more heavy upon them.  
Of all the Islands of the Mediterranean, Candia is one of the most famous, and most considerable. No place hath afforded more matter for the invention of ancient Poets, who made it the Country of the Gods, the Kingdom where Saturn reigned, and where Jupiter was born. It lies at the entrance of the Archipelago, in almost an equal distance from Europe, Africa, and Asia. The form of it is long and narrow, being near two hundred and fifty miles in length, and not fifty in breadth; and the circumference about six hundred miles. For fertility of soil, few Countries in the world exceed it; and though it do not abound in Corn so much as some other places, it makes up that in Pasture, Oils, and generous Wines, in which it hath hardly any equal. By reason of the narrowness of the valleys, it hath no navigable Rivers; but is full of excellent Springs and Fountains, Caverns and Grottoes, where the Inhabitants repair in the furious heats of Summer, to refresh themselves. The hundred Cities for which it was so much celebrated by the Ancients, at this day seems a Fable, since there are now but four in being, viz. Candia, Sitia, Rhetimo, and Canea.  
At the time of the Invasion it had about two hundred thousand Souls, twenty Galleys, a considerable body of Horse maintained by those whom they call Feudataries, and who possess the Lands of the Country; and a Militia of Foot in the nature of Trainbands. It hath two principal Havens: Spina longa towards the East of the Island, and towards the West Suda, both of them defended with good Forts situated in Islands. So that till now it was thought so strong, that the Turks had never the courage to assault it; nor probably had they done it now, if some of the Inhabitants, Traitors to God and their Prince, had not invited and opened them a way to it. It was first governed by Kings, than an Aristocracy, after that made a Colony by the Romans; than it came to the Greek Emperors; and last of all, upon the taking of Constantinople by the Latins, and the dividing of the Empire betwixt the French and the Venetians, it came both by purchase and right of Conquest to the Venetians, under whose Dominions it continued till it was lately taken by the Turks.  
As the Candiots were comforting themselves with the thoughts of the danger they had escaped, believing the Turks gone for Malta; upon a sudden, by fires from the hills where they kept Watch, they understood with horror and amazement that the Fleet stood in for Candia. Navagiero Proveditor of Canea immediately sent away divers of the City to raise the Country, and warned in the Gentlemen Feudataries of that part of the Kingdom, conjuring them to unite themselves for the common defence: but there was not much fruit of that Message, since most of the Gentlemen were Bandited, and gone from home in contumacy to the Laws. But many of the Countrymen came running to Canea, demanding Arms and Ammunition, and showing great forwardness to oppose the landing of the Enemy.  
The next morning, being the thirteenth of June, in the year 1645, the Turkish Fleet appeared off of Cabo Spada; and sailing with a gentle gale with their Galleys in the Vanguard, came to an Anchor over against a place called the Gogna, where they road about two miles from shore. After they had refreshed themselves some hours, they approached land, and embarking their men in little boats, landed them without the least opposition. For such was the base cowardice of the Countrypeople who were drawn up in Companies to defend the shore, that at the very first sight of the Turkish Vessels they abandoned their Post, and ran away to the Mountains; choosing rather to meet death or slavery in an ignominious flight, than by bravely hazarding their lives endeavour to save their Country.  
The Forces which were landed marched with flying Colours towards Canea, whilst another part of them presented themselves before San Teodoro, where there were two Forts; the upper of which had been lately visited by the General of the Kingdom, and dismantled as unuseful. In the lower there were only forty soldiers in garrison, which were newly reinforced with twenty five more, upon the first advice of the Turks approaching. It was an easy thing for such a Force, after a battery of many hours, to take this place by assault; and yet it cost the Turks very dear. For the Captain who was in the Fort valuing his liberty above his life, as the Turks were entered gave fire to a Mine, and blew himself with his wife and children into the air, with above two thousand of his Enemies. The name of this Captain, whose memory certainly deserves to live, was Biagio Giuliani, a Subject of the State of Venice, and native of the City of Capo D'Istria.  
San Teodoro being taken, the Turks brought most of their Fleet into that Port, and there continued disembarking till they had landed the rest of their men, with their Machine's, Ammunition, and Artillery; in doing of which they had no disturbance either from Land or Sea. The Fleet consisted of fourscore Galleys, two galleons, two hundred Saiches and Caramussals, with a vast number of Barks and other Vessels. They landed, as the Turks themselves reported, sixty thousand fight men. With these were many French and Flemish Enginiers and Gunners, smith's, Carpenters, and other Artificers; and a stately Train of great and small Artillery, with abundance of all other warlike provision. Two days after their landing, appeared a Tartan and two Saiches, with ten Frigates of Barbary; which were esteemed the best Vessels of all the Fleet.  
At this time Antonio Navagiero was Proveditor of Canea, and Count Dominico Albano of Bergamo Governor. In the place, besides the Townsmen, were fourteen Companies of Foot, which made a body of about eight hundred men effective. There was a Troop of Stradiots also in the Town, which was all their Horse; and of the Country-Volonteers, not above one hundred men. Of the Militia of the Country, five hundred thirty five Soldiers; which, with a hundred thirty two Scholars of the Town, were then all the Defendants. Navagiero wrote to the several divisions of the Country with all speed to send their men into Canea: but their Leaders could not persuade them to come; only from Bicorno appeared five hundred men; but as soon as they came in sight of the Enemy's Camp, they fled; and, for all the diligence the Officers could use, they could not get above a hundred of them stay. Upon the first alarm of the approach of the Turkish Army, there came many women with their children running out of the Country into the Town: Upon which the Proveditor thought to choose some of the most serviceable of them, and to turn out the rest: but the Citizens seeming discontented at it, he consented they should stay; and it proved to good purpose, since he afterwards made great use of them in the Siege. These were all the Forces which were in Canea when the Turks landed: But before they began to attack it, there got in three hundred more of the Country-Militia, & a Band of a hundred Caloieres, which are a sort of Greek Friars or Religious men of the Order of St. Basil; who did excellent service, and were as forward to expose themselves as any of the Soldiers, in all the most desperate exigencies of the Siege.  
Though Canea had the reputation of a strong Town of War, it was not so indeed: For the Fortifications were irregular, it having five Bastions and four Curtains of unproportionable length. In the mouth of the Harbour the greatest part of the Parapets were wanting; nor had the Fossé either breadth or depth sufficient, being without any false Bray, and with the Counterscarp ruined. There was no covered way; and the natural situation of the place was extreme defective, not only by reason of several eminences of ground which commanded the Ramparts of the Town, but of certain Valleys by which a whole Army might march up to the very Fossé covered by the hills from any offence. So that when it was surveyed some years before, by skilful Captains and Enginiers, they concluded it indefensible against any great Army, without a circuit of strong Outworks, and at least a Garrison of four thousand men to defend it. Besides these inconveniencies, a great part of the Artillery was dismounted, and there were neither Beds nor Wheels to be found for the great Ordnance.  
In so great defect of all things, and with so small a number of Defendants, was Canea invested with a great Army abundantly provided with Artillery and all other instruments of death; with a vast number of Pioniers, by which means they incredibly advanced their Approaches; and adding Art to Power, made abundance of artificial Fires, to hid their men as they worked, from the sight of the Town. And at the same time they beat Drums and Kettledrums, and set up Tents in divers places where they had no Soldiers, to make the Garrison spend the shot of their Cannon and Muskets in the air, and shoot at places where there was no body to hurt.  
About three days after their landing, the Enemy began the first Battery with six pieces of Cannon; and in two days more, they had raised three other Batteries, with which they continually beat several parts of the City; which was more and more infested, as the Turks advanced their Approaches, with Musket-shot and Arrows. The Cannon indeed at first did no great effect more than frighten the people with battering down the Steeples and the Townhouse; which, by reason of their height, were most exposed. But on the other side, the Cannon of the Town did terrible execution upon the Enemy; so that they had not the courage to attempt an Escalade, though they had brought almost all the Oars of their Galleys on shore, to make Ladders of.  
It was now eight days since the beginning of the Siege, without any news of Succour, and many of the Defendants were already killed and wounded; which gave great apprehension to the people, when they considered how few Soldiers they had, and how those few were already diminished. In the midst of this perplexity, came Letters from General Cornaro, which assured them he was preparing to come in person to relieve them, and was now drawing together the Militia of the whole Kingdom for that purpose. But Fortune soon deluded the endeavours of the General, since the new Levyes, when he should have marched on for Canea, most cowardly abandoned him; so that he was forced to retire to Suda with his own followers.  
At this time, Signior Angeli making use of the silence and obscurity of the night, passed with three hundred men through the whole Turkish Army; and though they were saluted with showers of shot as they went got well into Canea. But this Succour was far inferior to the necessities of the place, which had already lost more than this Relief supplied; so that their number still diminishing, they could make no Sallies upon the Enemy, who were now with their Approaches come near the Fossé. But when Signior Angeli was got in, who by his authority, being Major of the Garrison, had composed several differences in the Town, it was proposed by the Officers to make a Salley, that they might see the Works of the Enemy. This was done with that vigour, that they penetrated into the Turk's Trenches, slew many, and put more of them to flight; and came back into the City with great spoils, and no loss. But desiring afterwards to try their fortune again, they found the Enemy better upon their guard, and returned with nothing but blows. So that considering the condition they were in, and what scarcity there was of Defendants, they did not only resolve to make no more Sallies, but to abandon the Half-Moon, and draw all their men into the Town, to defend the Walls. And now Canea began mightily to be straightened: for the Turks being come to the Fossé of the Bastion of St. Demetrius, fell on raising earth about the Counterscarp; which Wert, the chief Engienier in the Town, thinking to disturb them in, made two Mines below, but with no success.  
Whilst things went on thus by Land, the Turkish Fleet at St. Teodoro did send out most of their Galleys every morning towards Capo Spada, to make discoveries at Sea; so that from the other side any Vessels might have come from Suda to Canea with safety. And indeed, Navagiero every day wrote to Capello Commander of the great Ships which lay at Suda, Soliciting him for Succour. But Capello, whether it were that he had no mind to expose himself to an engagement with the Turks, as some accused him; or that really it was his opinion, as he pretended, that the preserving of Suda was of more importance than the succouring of Canea, he would never be prevailed with to stir. Though the Town was now much pressed, it was not so shut up, but that the besieged found ways, either with small Boats, or expert Swimmers, who knew all the Creeks upon the Coast, to advise General Cornaro of their danger, and of the wants they were in not only of Soldiers, but of Pioniers, and Gunners, and of Beds and Wheels for their Artillery; but above all, of Ammunition, of which there was a daily consumption. And because they had not Mortar-pieces for their Bombs, and that it would be too long to stay for them from Candia, they invented some of Wood, bound about with Hoops of Iron, which did great service, though they lasted but a little while. But as there was a penury of all necessaries in the Town, so was there a vast abundance in the Turkish Camp; and there was not a day that there did not arrive Vessels from some part or other of that vast Empire, either with Men, or Victuals, or Ammunition, for the service of the Leaguer. For Candia lies so in the Turkish Dominions, that from some place or other Vessels might come there with any wind. The difficulties and distresses of the Town more and more increasing, Navagiero sent Vincent Michele, a noble Venetian, and Chancellor of Candia, to inform General Cornaro of the condition Canea was in, and of the necessity there was of a considerable and present succour. Upon which Cornaro resolved to dispatch thither Count Fenarolo, one of his chief Officers, with three hundred paid Soldiers, and five hundred of the Bands of the Country, who are called there the Carnides; and twelve Cannoneers commanded by Benedict Canale a young Gentleman of Venice of great expectation, who carried with him three thousand Chequins for the Soldiers. As they came near the Enemy's Trenches, where they should have passed with all the silence that might be, the Country-Bands, who were but ill disciplined, made such a noise, that they awaked the Turks; who stood to their Arms, and presently invested them. Count Fenarolo, who led the Vanguard, bravely charged through, and with a few men with him got into the Town. But young Canale, whilst he was fight with his Sword in his hand, was most traitorously murdered by one of his own Servants, who stripped him of his Chequinss, and immediately ran over to the Enemy, where he met with that Justice which he fled from. For the Selectar Bassa being informed of the treachery of this Villain, had so great a detestation of him, that he commanded him to be put to death.  
Navagiero understanding that there were several Companies of Albanese in the Turkish Camp who had formerly served under the State of Venice, and not thinking themselves well dealt with at their Disbanding had taken Conditions under the Turk, thought to try if by Rewards he could gain them back. And meeting with one in his Garrison of their Countrymen who undertook to carry his Propositions to them, he offered to settle better pay upon them than they had under the Turk, if they would return to the Service of the Republic; and to encourage them to it, he obliged himself that every man should have over and above his pay Ten Crowns a piece for a gratuity. But the Albanese would not accept of this offer, for fear of ruining their Relations and Kindred who lived in the Turkish Territories.   

This attempt of putting in Succours by land having succeeded so unfortunately, there were Letters immediately sent to the General, to make known the deplorable condition of the Town, and to press him to send away the great Ships and Galleys which lay at Suda for their relief. To this the General answered, that it was against the opinion of Capello, who commanded the Ships, to adventure them for Canea, and leave Suda exposed; and that since the Feudataries and all the Militia of the Kingdom were not able to relieve the place, how should he alone do it? This Answer being come, the Proveditor and Governor called a Council of War, and communicated it to them; who all concurred to write once more to General Cornaro, to conjure him to send them secure; with a Protestation that they had done their duty, and that if the place were not presently relieved, it must fall. Upon this, Cornaro, being stimulated to it by Malipiero Proveditor of Suda, who was for adventuring all to save Canea, resolved to send another succour of five hundred men by Land, under the Command of the same Count Fenarolo, who in Turkish Habit conveyed himself through the Enemy's Guards, out of Canea to Suda, to hasten Relief, and to offer himself to conduct such men as should be ready. And at the same time Conaro intending to try what might be done at Sea, commanded three hundred men to be put upon three Galleys, with Ammunition, and such other things as the Town most wanted, with order to endeavour to pass through the Turkish Fleet, and land their Succours. Upon these three Galleys, as Commanders, and as Hostages of greater succours, were three of the chief Gentlemen of the State of Venice; young Cornaro the General's Son, Barbaro Badoaro, and George Morosini, who commanded the Squadron. Cornaro was of a Family which had brought a Kingdom to their Country, by the resignation of Katerina Cornaro Queen of Cyprus. Badoaro was of the House of Participatio, who had been Hereditary Dukes of Venice, before that Commonwealth was settled in that form of Government it now is. And Morosini was no less Illustrious than either of the other, as being of a House in which there have been several Princes of their Country, four Duchess' of Venice, three Cardinals, two Queens, five Patriarches whereof one of Constantinople, four and twenty Procurators of St. Mark, and eleven Captains-general.  
The seventeenth of July, Brocobard, a Captain of great name, with three hundred chosen men, Sallied out of the Town into the Trenches to meet the succour: and Proveditor Navagiero himself in person went to defend the Counterscarp. And at the same time, as had been concerted, Count Fenarolo appeared in sight of the walls with the succour which he had brought so far without any opposition. But the Turks who lay in some houses hard by, hearing a noise, stood to their Arms, and chargeing the Venetians, put them in some disorder. Count Fenarolo, who again led the Vanguard, advanced with some few, the greatest part of his men forsaking him, and many of them leaping into the Sea to avoid the Turkish Scymeters; amongst whom was lost one of the chief Enginiers in Candia; which was fatal to the Town, at a time that they had so much need of him for their Mines. Of all the Officers, only Captain Morat a Frenchman kept his Company together, and brought it entire into the Town. But with that, and all the rest of the Succour, there got in but two hundred and nine persons, part of which were wounded. The night after, the three Galleys which Cornaro had sent from Suda, came before Canea; and it is hard to say, whether with greater bravery or success passed over the Prowess of fourteen Turkish Galleys into the Port. But by reason of the straightness of their Galleys, all they brought with them was two hundred Pioners, some Chests of Fire-balls, Planks for their Artillery, and fifty thousand weight of Powder. If the Siege had been raised, there could not have been greater joy in the Town, than was at the arrival of this Succour; which was testified by loud shouts, and firing all their Guns: which the Selectar Bassa wondering at, asked what was the cause of that noise in the Town; and being told that there were three Venetian Galleys come in with Succours, he sent for those who were Captains of the Guards that night, and commanded their Heads to be struck off.  
These Galleys making their way so bravely into Canea in spite of the Turkish Fleet, made men see what might have been done if all the other Galleys and Ships which vainly wasted their time at Suda, had come with them. But the Venetians had not then tried the goodness of their own Vessels with the Turks, who were so cowed after two or three Battles lost at Sea, that in the progress of the War, they every where fled before the Venetians, and durst not stand them though they were double their number.  
These three Captains with their Galleys being got into the Port, drew their Ciurmes on shore, who did extraordinary service; the greatest part of them being afterwards consumed in the Siege. And that they might employ their times as usefully as they could, Cornaro undertook the defence of the Bastion of St. Demetrius, and Badoaro and Morosini each of them of another Bastion; standing there day and night, exposed to the greatest dangers.  
To hinder the Turks who were now advancing to the Bastion of St. Demetrius, the Engineer Wert made a Gallery in the Fossé, which as soon as he had finished, he found was unuseful, in regard there was no standing there to defend it. So that he was advised to set it on fire. But whilst the Officers were debating how to do it, the Turks charged them furiously, and made themselves Masters of the Gallery, with the slaughter of the greatest part of the Defendants. And so this Gallery became a double damage to them; not only as they were deprived of it themselves, but as it proved of use and service to the Enemy.  
By this time the Turks had made two Mines in the front of St. Demetrius Bastion; which the Defendants by their great diligence met with, and drove them thence, remaining Masters of the place. But they were not so fortunate in the countermining of a third Mine; for Wert finding the ground Sandy, and therefore thinking it impossible that the Enemy could make use of it, neglected the evacuating of it. But he quickly perceived the contrary by lamentable experience; for fire being given to the Mine, with a most terrible commotion it tumbled all the flank of the Bastion into the Fossé, making a breach wide enough to enter. Whereupon the Turks with many Ensigns suddenly marched to the assault, which was most resolutely and with much effusion of blood sustained by the Defendants, who forced them to pull up the Ensigns which they had planted upon the Works, and to retire with great loss and confusion into their Trenches. But this succeeded not without much harm to the Venetians, who lost Valentini a Corsican Captain & several others of their best Officers; the Proveditor Navagiero, who was in the thickest of the danger, being sorely hurt with a stone. In a word, the Churchmen and the women did wonders in this occasion. The Wall was not only ruined with this last Mine, but the Parapet fell down; so that the Bastion on that side was open for an Assault: whereupon Signior Broazzo, who had performed all the parts of a good Captain, to encourage his men to follow him, took a Spade in his hand, and began to throw up earth to make up the breach; which he filled up with Butts and Sacks of Earth and Wool. And because they found the Turks at work upon another Mine at the point of the Bastion, Wert thinking it impossible to countermine it, bethought himself of another way, which was, to make a Well above it, that it might evaporate without effect. But before this Well was half made, the earth about it fell in, and buried the Workmen; so that then they had no way but to throw in a vast quantity of water, which penetrating into the Powder, and moistening it, hindered the Mine from taking fire.  
The Enemies finding their Mines not so successful, betook themselves again to their Batteries; in order to which, they filled the Fossé with Bavins, and made the way even to the Town; and then gave another terrible Assault, but were stoutly repulsed by the Defendants.  
That evening an Arrow was shot into the Town, with a Letter in it, which seemed to come from the Selectar Bassa to the Governor, inviting him to deliver up the Town, and promising him good Conditions if he did: but declaring there should be no mercy, if he persisted to resist him. The Proveditor sent away the Letter to the General, and without making any Answer to the Enemy, continued to defend the place with his wont diligence. The Selectar Bassa enraged that he had no Answer, gave order to prepare against the next morning all his Forces both by Land and Sea to give a general Assault. Presently after break of day, threescore and ten Galleys, with a hundred and fifty Barks full of Soldiers, appeared before the Port, with design that whilst the Galleys were battering the Town, the Barks should with the Soldiers surprise the Mole, and at the same time the Land-Army should make an Assault in four several places. The Proveditor did all that man could to animate his Soldiers, though weak and languid with labour and watching: and it happening by the favour of Heaven, that the Sea-Forces could not land by reason of a strong wind which blew from shore, he turned the force of the whole Garrison to the defence of the Landside; in which the very Women had a part, who with mighty boldness mixed themselves amongst the Soldiers, to defend their Houses and their Altars. The Constancy of one of these women was most remarkable, since though she saw her Father fall dead before her, she never went back till they had quite repulsed the Enemy from the place where she fought. The Turks who came out of their Trenches with Scaling-ladders to assault the gate of Saboinera, were so plied with Musquet-shot, that they threw down their Ladders and ran back. They who assaulted the gate of Rettimiotta, bore all down before them, and entered with four Ensigns at the breach; but they were so ill treated with the shot of the Town, and of the Cannon which thundered upon them from the next Bastion, that they were forced to retreat in that haste, that they left three of their Ensigns behind them. They who assaulted the breach of St. Demetrius finding themselves exposed to the Cannon of the Bastion of St. Salvador, after great slaughter of their Men were also constrained to retire. But they who mounted by the fourth Breach, planted their Ensigns, and maintained their ground some hours; but were at last repulsed with shame and confusion. As the destruction of the Assailants was very great, so was the loss of the Defendants; many of their best men perishing in this encounter, and the Governor Albano, and the Captains Brocobard and Palma being dangerously wounded.  
About this time there was an expectation of Succour from General Molino, who sent from his Fleet which lay at the three Islands four great Ships filled with Soldiers and Ammunition, to relieve Canea. But such was the fate of Candia, that they who had the conducting of these Ships, either through Cowardice, or want of judgement, instead of taking the right way to Canea, sailed to the Southward, and came to Giropetra on the other side the Island, where they were at too great a distance to have any opportunity of doing service.  
The Turks now came to employ their Spades again, and to fall on working new Mines. Whereupon the Proveditor, having no hopes left of success, was thinking to set fire to the Arsenal, and to sink the Galleys and Ships which were in the Port, that they might not be of service to the enemy. But before he would do it, he wrote to General Cornaro to acquaint him with his resolution; who not believing the place to be in that desperate extremity, or not knowing what to do, returned him no answer. But Proveditor Navagiero, that he might omit nothing which care and prudence could do, finding that a Traverse which the Enemy had planted in the Fossé threatened instant ruin to the Town, made a Mine, to see if he could break it: which being filled with sixteen bags of Powder, succeeded so fortunately, that upon the firing it blew the Traverse all in pieces; which the next night was made up again by the vast multitude of the Turks, who had so many hands to employ, that nothing was difficult to them. The next day the Turks gave fire to a Mine within the breach near the Traverse, under a weak Rampart of Earth; which being carried into the Air by the violence of the fire, fell upon the Defendants who were there, and buried them all alive: at which the Soldiers upon the Guard were struck with that terror, that they abandoned the Post, and two thousand of the Enemy immediately rushed through the breach upon the Bastion, and there planting their Ensigns, made themselves Masters of all the retreats into the streets; so that now Canea seemed irreparably lost.  
But for all this, the besieged no way dismayed, marched to the Walls to give the last proof of their courage. On the one side came the Proveditor, with Signior Angeli and divers Captains; on the other came the Governor Albano, who, though grievously wounded, with a Pike in his hand charged the Enemy, being seconded by Michieli Rector of the City, and by Chancellor Michieli, and by Bon the chief Magistrate, all noble Venetians. To them came running George Morosini, and young Cornaro, who did actions surpassing his age, and carried back with him as a Trophy of his Valour a Musket-shot in his Face. And after all, came the Bishop of Canea himself, to animate the Combatants with his holy Exhortations, and to give them an example of Christian fortitude. Upon which the Defendants, so vigorously assisted on all hands, beat the Enemy with infinite slaughter from off the Bastion into the Fossé, with all the Ensigns that they had planted there. This bloody Conflict continued near seven hours; all the Garrison having fought there, and all the Ottoman Army. And so great was the slaughter of the Turks, that the ground was covered with heaps of their Carcases. On the other side, such was the loss of the Christians, that the greatest part of the Garrison perished in this Encounter. Albano, besides his former hurts, had a wound in his mouth; and one Musket-shot in his Arm, and another in his side. Bon was mortally hurt; Michieli, Brovazzo, and almost all the Officers in the Garrison wounded, as well as the Gentlemen, Citizens, Soldiers, and all Orders of men.  
This Assault being over with so great destruction to both sides, Wert, unable to walk by reason of his many wounds, was carried in a Chair into the Council-Chamber, where the Governor languishing too with his wounds, was already come; and there, in presence of the Bishop, the Proveditor, the Rectors, the Counsellors, and chief Magistrates of the City, and all the Officers of the Garrison that were considerable, he proposed, since the Breaches were open, and the Ramparts down, scarce any Captains or Officers left, their Militia almost consumed, no Powder, the Townsmen and Countrymen cowed; since there was neither hopes of Succour, nor any possibility of subsistence, That they would be pleased no longer to delay to make Conditions with the Enemy, and thereby prevent the slaughter of so many innocent People: telling them, that it was not only necessary, but that it would be Pious to do it; and that they might have justified it by the Laws of War, if they had done it much sooner. The Governor concurred with him in his opinion, which was approved by all the chief Captains. Only Proveditor Navagiero opposed it, saying, they had to do with an Enemy who kept not Faith; so that to render the place, would be to deliver themselves up to death. Wert replied, that if they by their obstinacy should stand out to no purpose, it would be a justification of any cruelty the Enemy should use to them; who if he did break his Faith, let the infamy of it fall upon him: That they ought to submit to what God Almighty pleased, when they had done all that discreet men could do for their preservation. But the Proveditor broke off the discourse, exhorting every man to return to his Post, and to do his duty. That night they sent again to General Cornaro, once more to acquaint him with the miserable state of the Town, which was without Officers, without Soldiers, without Enginiers, and reduced to the last desperation; and that after this time, they should never write to him more. All night long the Enemy continued their Batteries, to hinder the besieged from making up their Ramparts. In the morning Wert returned to renew the instances which he had made the evening before; and at the same time came Deputies from the Commonalty of the Town to Navagiero, to supplicate him, since it was the opinion of all the Captains that the Town could no longer be defended, their Men and Ammunition being spent, and the Enemy lodged upon their Ramparts, that he would be pleased to have commiseration of them, and not expose to the rage of a barbarous Enemy, a People who had so freely spent their Blood and Fortunes in the service of their Prince and Country. The Proveditor and all the Officers were touched with pity at this Address, and went away immediately to the Bastion where George Morosini commanded, to have his opinion of the business; who told them that he being sent thither with three Galleys to Succour the place, when he had done it, stayed to defend it; but that now they were deliberating about the rendition of it, he would have nothing to do with that, but leave them to resolve of what they thought best for the Public service, whilst he would consider what belonged to him to do for the preservation of his Galleys.  
The same morning the Captains came again to the Proveditor to press him to Treat, telling him that Malvezzi Master of the Fireworks, who had done such important service in the Siege, was newly dead of his wounds. Whereupon the Proveditor entreated the Bishop to Celebrate the Mass of the Holy Ghost, to implore the direction of God in this so great tribulation; and calling together all the chief men of the City, that they might have their part in what was treating by the Officers of War, desired to know if any man there could propose any way to prolong the defence of the place. But the Condition of it was so deplorable, that they all cried out it was no longer to be defended; and that there was a necessity of making suddenly some Composition, unless they were resolved to give their Wives and Children up to be slaughtered. Whereupon the Proveditor was fain to consent that there should be an Instrument in writing drawn up for the Rendition of the place; which was to be subscribed by the Proveditor, Governor, Bishop, and all the Military Officers. When this came to be signed, the Proveditor was so grieved in his Soul to see to what a pass he was reduced, that he would have put off the doing of it: thinking to set fire to the Arsenal, to sink the Ships and Galleys in the Port, and so break in pieces the Artillery. But perceving the Soldiers would not have obeyed him if he had given any such command, nor put a thing in practice which would have deprived them of all hopes of quarter; and considering that if through his occasion not only the Garrison but all the People in the Town should have been put to the Sword, it would have been no advantage, but rather a prejudice to his Prince and Country; and that the sacrificing of so many persons would not preserve the place; he forbore putting those thoughts in execution.   

After Dinner, the Deputies of the Town came again to press the Proveditor to Parley, conjuring him no longer to expose the honour of their Wives and Daughters to a licentious and incensed Enemy. The Proveditor received them with much courtesy, giving them hopes of what they desired; but would come to no resolution, till he had once more sent to General Cornaro: which he did that night, acquainting him with the desperate extremity they were in, and that yet he would expect till the next day before he Treated, to see if there could be any hopes of Succour sent him that night. But receiving no answer from Cornaro, and being summoned again next morning by the Enemy, who were preparing for another General Assault, and going to give fire to Nine several Mines, he was at last prevailed with to command a White Flag to be put out upon the Breach. Upon the sight of which, immediately the Cannon ceased, and they heard a voice saying, What would you have?  
Then Angeli and Bacchieli went out to Parley, telling the Aga, who asked them what they would have, that they desired a Cessation of Arms of the Captain Bassa, and that he would be pleased to send some one of Authority into the Town to Treat. Presently a Cessation of Arms was granted, and the Turks came out of their Trenches in vast numbers upon the Bastion of St. Demetrius, where they sat themselves down upon the ground with so profound a silence, that in such a multitude there was not one word to be heard: and a Turk who by chance shot off his Musket, had immediately his Head struck off. Some say that the Turks were resolved, if the Town had not Treated when it did, to have raised the Siege, their Army was so shattered, and their men so cowed with the resistance they had met with. But certain it is, that they much admired the bravery of the Defendants; and Assan Bassa was heard to say, That the great Amurat had never taken Babylon, if there had been such men in it as were in Canea.  
The Cessation of Arms being begun, the Aga immediately gave advice of it to the Selectar Bassa, whose Head. Quarters were at St. Constantin, where he was lodged in a stately Pavilion. Upon notice of the Cessation, the Selectar Bassa bid them tell them in the Town, that they should make ready Hostages to be Caution for the performance of the Treaty; and that for his own part, they should find him disposed to give them all reasonable satisfaction. Within a little time, Bacchieli and Captain Brocobard, men considerable amongst the Christians, passed out of the Town into the Camp for Hostages, and were received there with much courtesy At the same time came from the Camp to the Town, sent as Hostages by the Selectar Bassa, Zembis Zaccaia Nephew to the Selectar, and Ibrahim Maga. Zembis came armed after the Turkish fashion, attended by two Soldiers armed with Swords, Bucklers and Pistols: Upon his back he had a Vest of Crimson-Sattin which reached the ground, and upon it a rich Mantle embroidered with Gold. He and Ibrahim were not suffered to enter the City, but had a place prepared for them to sit in the Casemats along the walls. Where Zembis declaring that he was the Nephew of the Selectar Bassa, with great veneration he pulled out a Paper with the Imperial Seal, which he said was the Commission given by the Grand Signior to his Uncle, authorising him to make what Capitulations he pleased; and then told them that he was come from the Selectar Bassa to know what it was that they demanded. Angeli made answer, that they desired a Cessation of all Hostility for fifteen days; at the expiration of which time, if no Succour came, they would surrender the Town. Zembis replied, that the Venetian Fleet was so far from coming to secure them, that to his certain knowledge they were returned from Zant to Corfu. Angeli replying, that however they might stay fifteen days to see if they would come or no; Zembis swore a great Oath, that he was so sure that they would not come, that he would engage himself, if they did, to change his Religion, and turn Christian: and therefore if they had nothing else to propose, he would take his leave, and return from whence he came.  
Angeli and the rest hearing this, thought it best no longer to defer Capitulating, but immediately sent away a Draught of what Articles they desired, to the Electar Bassa; who required for Hostages Proveditor Navagiero himself, and young Cornaro the Generals Son. But Captain Brocobard by his dexterity overcoming this difficulty, it was concluded that he and Bachieli should remain Hostages as they were, and that there should be added to them Signior Premarini and Signior Barozzi, two noble Candiots and Gentlemen of Venice; as on the other side, there should be four Turks sent into the City.  
The next morning Zembis returned with the Capitulation, acquainting them that the Venetian Hostages had been brought into the presence of the Selectar Bassa. But I, said he, know not with whom I treat, and therefore I desire that I may see your Proveditor. But that the Turks might not discover the misery of the Town, Navagiero came to the place where the Turkish Hostages were kept, but attended with his Guards, and all the pomp he could appear in. Zembis saluting him with great Courtesy, took notice that Navagiero seemed to him much disturbed: but, said Zembis, You ought to submit to the will of God, and comfort yourself, since you have so bravely and so long defended Canea against the puissant Forces of the Grand Signior. Navagiero answered, That the reason why he was no better provided to defend the place, and that it was so soon taken, was the confidence he had, that the Grand Signior would not have broke the Peace which he had made with the Republic without any cause given him. Zembis not willing to enter into a discourse which tended to reproach his Master, said, Well, for all this, I doubt not but we shall yet be friends. And so they took leave for that time, one returning into the Town, and the other to the Camp. Now the Terms of the Capitulation were these.  
1. That Canea should be delivered up within six days.  
2. That all men of what rank soever, who desired to departed from Canea and the Territory thereof, should have liberty to carry all their Baggage and Personal Estates with them, without the least molestation; and to leave their real and unmoveable Estates to such of their Kindred as they pleased.  
3. That such as would stay in Canea, should enjoy their Houses and Lands in the same manner as they did under the Venetians, without being obliged to pay any other Tax than the ordinary Caraggio which the Subjects of Scio and other places pay, which is the tenth part of their Estates.  
4. That in matter of Judicature, the People should have power to choose them three Judges, by whom the Inhabitants should be Judged according to their own Laws: and in case of Appeal, there should be a Turkish Judge, who should be resident there for that purpose.  
5. That all Religious men, as well Greeks as Latins, should enjoy their Churches, Covents, and Revenues, in the same manner as they did under the Venetians; and that the Latin Christians should keep a Bishop after their Rites, and the Greeks another after theirs.  
6. That the Jews may live there as they were wont to do, without any Tax or Imposts but the ordinary Carraggio.  
These were the principal Articles which were granted to Canea by the Selectar Bassa; which, though they much pleased at present, were in process of time but ill kept.  
Now because the Selectar pretended that the Proveditor Navagiero should come in person to visit him and deliver him the Keys of the City, Navagiero being concerned to decline that Office, dispatched Antonio Zancarolo, a noble Venetian, and Commander of the Feudatory Horse, to the Turkish Camp with four Horses, whereof he ordered him to present the two best to the Selectar Bassa, and the other two to the two next General Officers. Zancarolo set out of Canea accompanied with an Aga belonging to Assan Bassa of the Land; and when he came near to the Pavilion of the Selectar Bassa, who was Generalissimo both by Sea and Land, and first Page of the Grand Signior, he sent word by a Portuguese Renegado to the Selectar, that he was there to wait upon him. The Renegado, after he had stayed about an hour, returned to Zancarolo, and told him he might come when he pleased: who thereupon walked up to a great Tent standing betwixt two lesser ones. These three Tents were surrounded by a deep and broad Ditch, and at the entrance were placed ten Sacres upon wooden Frames, with a pole behind every one of them like that of a Coach, to which they might set Horses to draw them with ease from place to place. The Ditch was set round with a thousand Archers, all with Turbans and glittering Scymitars; which seemed to be the flower of the Army. These Archers had made themselves Cabins of boughs of Trees neatly interlaced in one another, and placed them in that order, that they made a most delightful show. As Zancarolo approached, they drew from the Ditch, and made Lanes for him to pass through; every one having an Arrow in his Bow, as if he had been going to shoot.  
As he entered the Tent, he found the Selectar Bassa sitting Crosslegged upon the ground after the Turkish manner, and leaning upon a Cushion of Sky-coloured Velvet embroidered with Gold. He was clothed with a Sky-coloured Vest lined with Ermines, and had a Sword at his side set with Jewels, the floor being covered with Persian Carpets. He seemed to be about thirty years of age; his stature was ordinary, his complexion fallow, his eyes black, his beard thin, and he looked like a man who was naturally obstinate and cruel. He was encompassed with several Turks of a Venerable presence, and advanced in years, and most of them clothed in fine white Linen. Behind them stood eight beautiful Boys in Liveries of Green cloth, holding their hands on cross. Coming up to the Selectar Bassa, the Aga who was Zancarolo's Guide fell upon his Knees; and Zancarolo presenting himself to him, kissed his Vest: which compliment was received by the Selectar with very little courtesy. Then Zancarolo told him by an Interpreter, that he was come from the Proveditor of the City to kiss his hand; who would have been now in person to have done that Office, but that he was hindered by the Gout; and humbly beseeched him to accept of those two Horses which he had brought him; which though they were not such as his Greatness deserved, were the best that could be found in a besieged City. The Selectar's answer was, that he held himself obliged to the Proveditor for his good affection, and that he willingly accepted of his Present. At these words the Aga risen up; and going to the Boys who stood behind the Selectar, they took from under a Carpet a Vest of Cloth of Gold, and delivered it to the Aga, who gave it to Zancarolo to kiss, and then put it upon his back. After this, he fetched, three other Vests of less value, and presented them to three Gentlemen who accompanied Zancarolo. Then he lifted up a Carpet which was at his feet, and taking two handfuls of Dollars, he gave fifteen to the Gentleman of the Horse, and the rest amongst the Grooms who looked to the Horses.  
Zancarolo when he took his leave, desired a Pass, that he might safely departed from Canea. But the Selectar answered him, that God was one, and his word was one; and bid him go where he would without fear. But said the Selectar, Why will you go away? I will continue you in your charge of Spaghilar Aga, that is, Commander of the Horse, and will be glad of all occasions to see you. Zancarolo giving him thanks for the honour he offered him, told him that he was a Noble Venetian, and could not be wanting to the obligations of his birth. Raghem, said the Selectar; which is as much as to say, Very well: and so dismissed him.  
The Aga came out to guide Zancarolo further, and making the Turks stand off who flocked to see him, carried him on purpose through a Meadow where lay a number of Heads of Christians lately slain; and then led him down into the wind of the Approaches, and thence into the Trenches: A vast immense work, and full of inextricable Labyrinths, containing many subterraneous Rooms, Lodgings, and Alleys, through which their Soldiers could pass covered from the Cannon and Musket-shot of the City.  
Through this way the Aga conducted Zancarolo to Assan Bassa his Tent, who had about him a number of Janissaries; and in his company was the Aga of the Janissaries himself. This Assan was a little old man, of a ruddy complexion, of a cheerful and jovial countenance, and a very cunning politic man. He wore a Crimson Vest with straight sleeves, and a Turban of the same colour. When Zancarolo presented himself to him, the Aga fell upon his Knees as he had done to the Selectar Bassa, and Zancarolo kissed his Vest. But Assan received him in another manner than the Selectar had done: for rising from a Bench where he sat, and not upon the ground, as the Turks use to do, he kissed Zancarolo's forehead, and made him sit down by him; telling him, that he took most kindly the Horse which he had brought him, and thought himself much obliged to the Proveditor, esteeming more the affection of the giver, than the value of the gift; and that he desired some good occasion to requite his Excellence for this honour he had done him. Then he made them bring in two Silver Cups a most delicious Drink; and presenting one of them to Zancarolo, would have him drink first; which he with many Compliments refusing, at last Assan began; who fanned Zancarolo all the while he was pledging him, with the wing of a Vultor, expressing great satisfaction in seeing him. From thence Zancarolo went to the Spaghitar Aga, and presented him the fourth Horse. This Aga was a young man of no Civility, but in appearance proud, treacherous, and cruel.  
In the Articles of the Capitulation, it was agreed, for the convenience of those who would go away, that the Turkish Fleet should retire to San Teodoro, and the Land-Army withdraw farther off the Town. But this was not executed; and when the Captain Bassa was moved to do it, he answered, that he did not mean to draw off his Armies both by Land and Sea for six days together, thereby to make way for the Venetians from Suda and other places to clap Succour into the Town; but that they in the Town should make ready to march out at the same time both by Land and Sea, and give him notice of it; and then to make way for their more convenient passing, he would draw off his Armies on all sides.  
Hereupon they began to embark the Arms and Ammunition, and sick and wounded people, with their Fireworks, and all that the straightness of the time would permit them to carry away. And order was given the tenth of August to such as were sound and able to walk, to prepare themselves to march out under the Conduct of Signior Angeli by Land: of which at the same time they advised the Captain Bassa, desiring him to withdraw his Army and his Fleet as he had promised; to which he returned answer, that it should be done. But the next morning the Garrison, when they expected the Armies should have been drawn off, and the Coasts clear, perceived upon the seaside the guards of the Galleys and ships doubled, and upon the Landside the Army drawn up in Battle about the City in the form of a Half-Moon with the points drawing together, as if they intended to enclose the Garrison, as they marched out. This sudden alteration, with the Message which was sent them by the Captain Bassa to march out, for he would march in, gave them a reasonable jealousy that the Turks would break their Faith, and either put them all to the Sword, or make them Slaves. Hereupon Morosini ran to his Galleys, intending to get out to Sea, or to die in the attempt. And Navagiero and Albano intended to leave a memory behind them to posterity, and with their Swords in their hands to sell their Lives as dear as they could. But the retiring of the Turkish Fleet and Army presently dissipated this umbrage: whereupon the three Galleys sailed away for Suda; and at the same time that the Galleys put to Sea, Signior Angeli marched out by Land with the remains of the Garrison, which did not amount to five hundred.  
It was a spectacle of astonishment to the Turks, when they saw that they who had resisted them were but such a handful of men, as it was of glory to Angeli and his Soldiers to find themselves so admired by their Enemies. For the Selectar Bassa saluted Angeli with great courtesy, and did him much respect as he passed, applauding his valour, and giving him two old Aga's for his Guard, and commanding them to be careful of him, and not to leave him and his Soldiers till they were out of danger. And thus ended the Siege of unfortunate Canea; which would have sent the Ottoman Army home with disgrace, if either the numbers of her men had been equal to their Courage, or that she had been as well succoured as she was defended.  
The Selectar Bassa in the mean time had the less satisfaction in his Victory, because it had cost him so much blood; and that he apprehended in his absence his Competitors at Court might represent things to his disadvantage, and possess Ibrahim that he had been too prodigal of his men. Therefore as soon as he had taken order for the repairing of the ruins of the Siege, and putting the place in defence, he picked out several of the finest Boys and most beautiful Girls that were in the Town, and adorning them with rich Vests and the best  that could be got, sent them of a Present to Ibrahim. The best of those which were left, he retained for his own service, making them so fine, that they were envied by their Neighbours; as if good  could cover the miseries of Servitude, or that Chains were less heavy for being guilded. Two Churches he turned into Mosques, and filled them with most magnificent adornments. He gave the Christians Liberty of Conscience, and behaved himself at the beginning with such humanity and mildness to them, that they were in no fear of him at all. Insomuch, that few of the Inhabitants would go away, but resolved to settle themselves in Canea under their new Masters. But this gentle Government did not continue long: for in a little time he returned to his nature, and shown himself a Turk. So that when Gentlemen came to visit him, as they were fain to do who lived under his power, he would put them to do very mean Offices; saying, that the necessity which there was of present fortifying the Town, would not permit him to make any distinction of persons.  
And having it in his thoughts to make himself Master of Suda, without which Canea was not secure, he commanded Premarino a Gentleman of the Venetian Colony to go thither from him, and to let the Governors of it know that they would do well to deliver it up voluntarily; which if they did, they might be sure to be well used and respected as prudent Commanders, who knew how to comply with the times, and with the fortune of the Conqueror; but if they did not, they must expect to feel the cruel effects of his indignation. Premarino would have excused himself from so unworthy an Embassy; but the Selectar telling him that it was his duty as well as his interest to obey his new Prince, and threatening him if he did not, the poor Gentleman, for fear of death, at last undertook so dishonourable an employment. Embarking then upon a Galley he went for Suda, and shown the Commission he had received from the Selectar to Signior Malipiero Proveditor of that place. Malipiero with great gravity told him, that he being entrusted by his Prince with the defence of Suda, would never part with it as long as his Soul was in his Body. And then with a fierce and incensed Countenance he reproached Premarino with his unpardonable Treason in coming upon such a Message; telling him, that he was unworthy the name of a Christian, much more of a Noble Venetian, which was an Order of men so devoted to their Country. This Answer he accompanied with a Canonshot, which broke the stem of Premarino's Galley, and put him into great confusion. But at his return to Canea, the Selectar Bassa gave him a Scymitar, and two rich Vests, and other Regalo's, as marks of his favour.  
The Selectar having now settled all things at Canea, and seeing no appearance at present of any trouble from the Christians, prepared to return in Triumph to the Court; first taking a general review of his Army of which he found wanting some seventeen thousand men.  
When he came to Scio he met Orders from the Grand Signior which commanded him to hasten to Constantinople, that he might be present at the solemnity of the Bairan. Upon which he quitted the Army, and embarking upon a fleet Galley, arrived there eight or nine days before it.  
Never man made his entry with more universal applause, or was received with higher demonstrations of respect by all people, even by the Grand Signior himself, who risen from his Throne, and ran to meet him, extolling him to Heaven, and loading him with Praises and Promises that he would never forget his Services, or ever have any Favourite that should be so dear to him as he. But see the instability of Humane things! In the revolution of a few days, this Favourite, this Conqueror, and Darling of Fortune, by the instigation of some of the women, & the cruelty and ingratitude of Ibrahim, fell into the last disgrace.  
The first thing these Enemies of his insinuated to Ibrahim, was, that this great Bassa of whom his Majesty made such account, and whose name was so cried up by the People, did not take Canea by his own valour and conduct, but by the bravery of the Barbary Pirates, without whose assistance he had been repulsed with shame. When by this invention they had undermined the esteem which the Grand Signior had for him, they began to talk of the vast riches Isuf had gotten, how Canea was full of Silver and Gold; and that of so mighty a prize as he had met with, he kept all to himself, and had not presented the least part of it to the Sultan his Master; so that it would be thought weakness in his Highness if he did not call him to account.  
It was not hard, with such discourses as these, to work upon the jealous and mutable nature of Ibrahim, especially where there was any concern of profit, he being the most avaricious creature in nature. And now being angry with Isuf, and inclined to quarrel, the first thing he took occasion to reproach him with, was, that he had kept his Faith with the Christians at Canea, who all deserved to be hanged for their presumption in resisting his Arms. To which Isuf answered, that the Town being rendered upon Articles of War, he thought it necessary to make them good, not only to avoid the infamy of breaking Faith, but to invite other places to submit to the Ottoman Government; which if they saw Conditions were not kept, would ●●'d out to despair, and never yield. But Ibrahim being brutal, and ignorant, and understanding no Reason but his own will, was not capable of such arguments; but every time he saw him, would cavil at some thing or other; and at last told him plainly, that he must find him some money; which if he did not do suddenly, he should pay for his disobedience with his Head. To this Isuf made no reply, but withdrew himself from his fury. Some days after he sent for Isuf, and with Outrages and Threats commanded him to bring forth his treasure, declaring that if he did not, he would have him strangled. At this language the Bassa was so disturbed, that losing at once both his patience and respect, he made Ibrahim this Answer: All the Treasure I have, is the glory of my Actions. As for your menaces, they so little move me, that I see nothing in the world which can make me desire to live. But I am not surprised at this usage, when I consider that I have served a Prince who is a Fool. Scarce was the words out of his mouth, but the Grand Signior inflamed with rage and indignation commanded he should be strangled. Being carried away into another room, the new Grand Visir, who was Isufs creature, came to him, and entreated him to beg Ibrahim's pardon, which he was confident would be granted him if he implored it. But Isuf would by no persuasion be prevailed with to do it, nor to ask any thing but three hours' time to settle his Affairs; at the end of which he was strangled, devoutly invoking the Name of God as he was dying.  
To this sad Catastrophe came Isuf Bassa, having lived thirty five years. He was a man of extraordinary great sense, valiant, courteous, discrcet, just, and adorned with such qualities as made him worthy of a happier end, and of a better Master. In a few years he was come to that greatness, that he commanded all the Ottoman Empire, and had been one of the greatest Subjects it ever had, if it had been his fortune to meet with a worthy Prince. As he was on a sudden exalted from nothing to the highest honours, he was as suddenly depressed, and that with the compassion of all who knew him, even of him who commanded his death. For Ibrahim when his rage was over had a mind to see him, and made his Body be brought before him with the Bowstring about his neck. And when he found him warm, hoping he had been alive, he rubbed his feet and his hands, and commanded him to rise. But when he perceived for certain that he was dead, he fell into ridiculous lamentations, and throwing himself upon his Body, kissed him, and called him his Child, tormenting himself, and saying he was deprived of the only person who was fit to govern his Empire.  
But it was not long before vengeance fell upon Ibrahim, whose mind was so mutable and full of contradiction, that it was impossible to please him; ravenously covetous, and senselessly prodigal; so that no Treasure could suffice his Expense, nor no Rapine his Avarice: so capriciously cruel, that he was equally terrible to those he loved and those he hated. Nor was he only odious to the People and Soldiers, but even to his own Ministers and Servants. But that which most contributed to his ruin, was the discontent of the Janissaries, who mutining that they were not paid, exclaimed against the Emperor, imputing their sufferings to his folly in entering into an unjust War with the Venetians, in which they said he had not only wasted the Treasure of the Empire, but the blood of his best Soldiers, who perished every day in the Ditches of Candia.  
At this time the Janissaries were very numerous in Constantinople, there being no less than fifteen thousand of them there, which made them the more insolent. And it happened that the Spahyes were as discontented as they; so that they easily agreed to remove the cause of their grievance, and to depose Ibrahim. The first step they made to this, was to demand one of his Favourites; which with rage and menaces he refused to deliver them. But finding that would not do, he at last gave him up, who was instantly torn in pieces. But that was not a Sacrifice sufficient to appease their fury, which like an enraged Sea grew higher and higher; some reviling Ibrahim, others crying up Mahomet the now regnant Emperor of the Turks, who was then but six years old. The Child in that noise and confusion was so affrighted, that he fell a crying, and ran towards another room, and Ibrahim after him, with an intention to kill him, that the Janissaries might not set him up. But he was prevented by the women, who conveyed the little Prince from his fury, and put him into the hands of the Janissaries, who immediately placed him upon the Throne; and girding a Sable to his side, the chief Ensign of Majesty in that Government, proclaimed him Emperor.  
Ibrahim being thus dethroned, the Authors of it could not at first agree what to do with his Person. Some, out of reverence to the Ottoman blood, would not lay hands upon him, but rather have him end his days in prison. But others, who thought they could not be safe till he was dead, not knowing what revolutions might happen, let lose some of the Soldiers upon him, who first pulled him down upon the ground, and then strangled him. To this disastrous end came Sultan Ibrahim, not having so much as the comfort of being pitied, but dying abhorred of all men, as an abortive of Nature, and the reproach of Fortune.   
FINIS.   

The INDEX.  

ADvice given by a Gardener to Sultan Ibrahim, Page 41.  
Amurat Emperor of the Turks puts his two Brothers Orcan and Bajazet to death, p. 4, & 5. Besiegeth Babylon, p. 16. Takes it, p. 23. Makes his Entry in Triumph into Constantinople, 32, & 33. Dies of a debauch of drinking, p. 35.  
Amurat Aga of the Janissaries, p. 88  
Ambassador of France in danger, 66, & 67.  
Ambassador of Persia imprisoned, p. 11.  
Angeli passeth with 300 men through all the Turkish Camp into Canea, p. 112.  
Assan Bassa, p. 87. his great Courteousness, p. 172.   

BAbylon described, p. 8. Taken, p. 23. The Garrison put to the Sword after Quarter given, p. 24. Consequences of the loss of it, p. 25.  
Biagio Giuliani Governor of San Teodoro, blows up himself, with 2000 of the Enemy, p. 102.  
Boisbodrant General of the Galleys of Malta slain, p. 58.   

CApello General of the Ships refuseth to succour Canea. p. 115.  
Canale a Gentleman of Venice slain and pillaged by one of his Servants, p. 119.  
Candia situated betwixt Europe, Africa, and Asia, p. 96. Its Qualities and Forces, p. 97, 98.  
Candiots surprised at the appearance of the Turks Armada, p. 99  
Canea Besieged, 109. Surrendered upon Articles, 161.  
Cornaro General of Candia, raises the Militia of the Kingdom, to relieve Canea, p. 111.   

DOlfino fetched to Constantinople by a Janisary and two Druggermen, p. 76.  
Dominique Ottoman, Son of Ibrahim, p. 59 & 60.   

GEneral of Barbary adviseth to fall upon Candia, p. 88  
Georgio Morosini with three Galleys makes his way through the Turkish Fleet into Canea, p. 126.  
Gelis Aga as he was sailing for Rhodes, set upon by the Galleys of Malta and slain, p. 59  
Genoveses offer assistance to the Venetians, so they may be treated with the same respect as the Venetians, but rejected, p. 94.  
Georgian Lady taken at Sea and carried to Malta, p. 59  
Grand Visier suspected to be a friend to the Venetians, p. 72.   

IBrahim imprisoned in a Tower of the Seraglio, p. 5. Ordered to be strangled. p. 15. Saved by the Women of the Seraglio, p. 16. Saluted Emperor, p. 36. Gins his Reign with great Reputation, p. 39 Informed by one of the Gardiner's of the State of his Affairs, p. 41. Grows bloody and uncounsellable, p. 50. Designs a War against Malta, p. 55. Is diverted from it by his Ministers, p. 61. Thinks of Invading Sicily, p. 69. But resolves to turn his Arms upon Candia, p. 72. Hides his design with deep dissimulation, p. 76. Makes Isuf Bassa General of the Expedition, p. 82. Deposeth the Mufti for being against the War, p. 86. Owns his breach of Faith, and justifies it, p. 90.  
Isuf goes barefoot to seek his fortune, p. 2. Made an under-Gardiner in the Seraglio. Gives Intelligence to Ibrahim, p. 6, Sent for by the Grand Signior Expects to be put to death, p. 47. Is declared Selectar Bassa, p. 48. Made Bassa of the Sea, p. 49. Is weary of the Court and thinks to retire, p. 50. Incensed against the Venetians, p. 54. Persuades the War of Candia, p. 70. Is made Captain General of the Expedition, p. 82. Arrives with his Fleet at Scio, where he hath public prayers made for his success, p. 86. Comes to an Anchor before Canea, and lands his Army without opposition, p. 101. Besiegeth Canea, 109. Draws together all his Forces both by Land and Sea to give a general assault, p. 134. After many repulses hath the Town delivered him upon Articles, p. 161. Takes the most beautiful Boys and Girls in the Town to present to Ibrahim, p. 179. sends to demand Suda, 181. Returns in triumph to Constantinople. p. 18. Received with joy by Ibrahim, who riseth from his Throne to meet him, p. 18. Falls into disgrace, ibid. Will not ask his life, and is strangled, p. 190.   

LIberality of the Sultana to him who brought her news of the taking of Babylon, p. 27.   

MAlipiero Proveditor of Suda, p. 122, 182.  
Mufty declares the War unjust, p. 84. Is reproved by the Grand Visier, p. 85. And deposed, p. 86.   

NAvagiero Proveditor of Canea, takes Turks in disguise sounding the depth of the Sea before Canea, p. 77. His great resolution, p. 146, 151, 152.   

OMinous Presages of the War of Candia, p. 94.   

POpe sends the Venetians five Galleys, and publisheth a Jubilee, p. 93.   

QVeen Regent of France sends four Fireships and 100000 Crowns to assist the State of Venice, p. 92.   

RIva Proveditor of Tine, receives the Turkish Fleet as friends, and furnisheth them with all sorts of refreshments, p. 90.   

SOranzo Ambassador at Constantinople, discovers that the preparations pretended for Malta were designed against the State of Venice, p. 77. Dissembles with the Captain-General of the Turks, p. 83. Is arrested and made a Prisoner, p. 91.  
Suda demanded by the Selectar Bassa, p. 181.  
Sultana's, who saved Ibrahim from being strangled are strangled themselves by the command of Amurat, p. 34.   

TArpos King of Arabia waits upon Amurat as he goes for Babylon, p. 17.  
Trenches of the Turk before Canea, p. 171.   

VEnetians fearing to come to a Rupture with the Turk, are remiss in Arming, p. 79. Solicit Succours, p. 92.   

ZAncarolo sent from Navagiero with a Present to the Selectar Bassa, p. 164.  
Zembis, Nephew of the Selectar Bassa sent for a Hostage from the Turkish Camp, p. 156. His generous deportment to Navagiero, p. 160.    

Books lately Printed for Robert Kettlewel at the Hand and Sceptre in Fleetstreet.  

1. THe Measures of Christian Obedience: Or, A Discourse showing what Obedience is indispensably necessary to a Regenerate State, and what Defects are consistent with it, for the Promotion of Piety, and the Peace of Troubled Consciences. By John Kettlewel, Vicar of Coles-hill in , the second Edition with large Additions. In Quarto, price bound 8 s.  
2. A Journey into Greece by Sir George Wheeler, in company of Dr. Spon of Lions, in six Books. Containing, 1. A Voyage from Venice to Constantinople. 2. An Account of Constantinople, and the adjacent Places. 3. A Voyage through the Lesser Asia. 4. A Voyage from Zant through several parts of Greece, to Athens. 5. An Account of Athens. 6. Several Journeys from Athens into Attica, Corinth, Boeotia, etc. With Variety of Sculptures. In Folio, price bound 15 s.  
3. A Vindication of the Primitive Christians, in Point of Obedience to their Prince, against the Calumnies of a Book, entitled, The Life of Julian, written by Ecebolius the Sophist. As also, The Doctrine of Passive Obedience cleared, in Defence of Dr. Hicks; Together with an Appendix, being a more full and distinct Answer to Mr. Thomas Hunt's Preface and Postscript. Unto all which is added, The Life of Julian, enlarged. In Octavo, price bound 2 s. 6 d.  
4. A Sermon Preached at the Worcester-Feast, by George Walls Master of Arts, and Student of Christ-Church, Oxon. Quarto, price stitched 6 d.  
5. The Treasures of the Sea, a Sermon preached to the Mariners, by William Thompson. In Quarto, price stitched 6 d.  
6. An Help and Exhortation to Worthy Communicating: Or, a Treatise describing the Meaning, Worthy Reception, Duty and Benefits of the Holy Sacrament, and answering the Doubts of Conscience, and other Reasons, which most generally detain Men from it; together with Suitable Devotions added. By John Kettlewel, Vicar of Coleshill in . In Twelves, price bound 3 s.  
7. Two hundred Queries Moderately propounded, concerning the Doctrine of the Revolution of Humane Souls, and its Conformity to the Truth of Christianity. In Octavo, price bound 1 s. 6. d.  
8. A Sermon Preached at the Church of St. Bridget, on Easter-Tuesday, being the first of April 1684. Before the Right Honourable Sir Henry Tulse Mayor of London. By George Hicks D. D. Dean of Worcester, and Chaplain in ordinary to his Majesty. In Quarto, price stitched 6 d.  
9 A Spelling Book for Children. In twenty fours, price bound 6 d.  
10. A Good Subject: Or, the right Test of Religion and Loyalty. In a Sermon, Preached July the 17th at the last Summer-Assizes held at Buckingham, for the County of Buckingham. Before the Lord Chief Baron Montague, and Sir Richard Holloway, Knight, John Culling Esquire, High Sheriff. By Lewis Atterbury, D. D.