THE aphorisms OF HIPPOCRATES PRINCE OF physicians.  
WITH A short COMMENT on Them, taken out of those larger Notes Of 

GALEN.  
HEURNIUS  
FUCHSIUS, &c.    
With an exact Table showing the substance of every aphorism.  
LONDON, Printed for Humphrey Moseley, at the Prince's Arms in St. Paul's Church yard. 1655.   

Hippocrates his life out of Soranus.  
HIppocrates was born in an Island in the Aegean sea, called Cos or Ccos. and was the son of Heraclides, and Praxithea the daughter of Phenaretes. He reckoned his Pedigree from Hercules and Esculapius, and counted himself nineteen generations or descents from the one, and twenty from the other. Of his Genealogy Erat●sthenes makes mention. and Pherecides and Apollod●rus and Arius Tarsensis. He was his Father Heraclides disciple, then to one Her●dicus, and as some relate, he heard Leontinus the Rhetorician, and Democritus the Philosopher of Abdera. He flourished in Pelops his time: and was born (as Isthomachus relates in his first book of Hippocrates Sect.) in the first year of the eightieth Olimpiad. But S●ranus a Coan, having searched the Library of Cos, goes further▪ and saith he was born during Abriada his Monarchy the seven and twentieth day of the month Agrian, at which time the Coans do to this day offer Sacrifices to Hippocrates. Another Author saith he lived in the times of Eliachim, Malachi, Pereno, and Socrates. He being exceeding skilful in physic, and the whole course of learning, after his parents died forsook his native Country (as one Andreas falsely imputes to him in a book which he hath written of the Origine of physic) for having fired the Cuidians Library. Others say he left his Country through a desire he had to see the effects and success of physic in several effects, Climates, and places. But Soranus saith the Lord appeared to him in a dream, and wished him go to live in Thessalia Howsoever he was famous all Greece over, and admired for his skill in physic so far that he was by ambassadors sent for to Perdi●cas King of Macedonia when he was thought to lie sick of a Consumption, and came to him, together with one Euryphon, who was elder than he; and by some signs and tokens, found that the King's disease was a trouble of the mind, for after the death of his Father Alexander, he fell in love with one of his Concubines called Phila: Which Hippocrates discovered by his pulse, in which he felt an alteration at her coming into the room, and acquainting Phila therewith, cured the King▪ He was also called to Abdera to recover Democritus from his madness, and expel the Plague out of the whole City. And the Plague being at a time gotten in amongst the Pahnonians and Illyrians, they sent Ambassadors for him, who having inquired of them what winds ordinarily blew there sent them away unsatisfied: and when by prudent Arguments he foresaw the Plague would prevail upon the Atticans dominions, he foretold it, and took great care both of those Cities and of his Disciples. And he so truly loved Greece, that the renown of his learning spreading itself as far as Persia, and Artaxerxes sending for him by means of Hystanides Governor of Hellespont, upon proffer of exceeding great rewards, preferring honesty, before lucre of money, he absolutely denied him; as by his letter written to him it plainly appears. He freed his own Country, when the Athenians intended to war against it, and had called the Thessalians to aid them, whereupon he had great honours decreed him by the Coans. Yea and by the Thessalians, Argives, and Athenians, who entered him into the Eleusinian Sacrifices or mysteries, next to Hercules, and admitted him into their franchize, and allowed both him and all his posterity maintenance of Corn out of their common Granaries. He taught all as were studious of this Art, freely and without envy.  
He died amongst the Larisseans about that time as Democritus also died, some say at ninety, some at eighty five, some at one hundred and four, some at a hundred and nine years of age. And was buried between Gyrtone and Larissa, where his Monument is to this day to be seen, in which for a long time there was a swarm of Bees, with whose honey the nurses coming to the Monument, would anoint the Ulcers of infant's mouths, and cure them. In many of his pictures and Images he is painted with his head covered (some say) with a hat, it being a sign of Nobility (for so was Ulysses painted) Some say his head was covered with his Cloak, which some affirm was for comeliness because he was bald, and some by reason of the weakness of his head. But some will have it done so by him significatively to show that it i● fitting to have the chief ●eat of the soul well guarded and covered. Others say it is the dress of one who loves travel: some again say it was to demonstrate the obscurity of his writings. And finally some that it was to testify, that we ought in our health time beware of such things as may be hurtful to us. Though some affirm it was because his cloak should not hinder him, hanging about his hands when he was about to give physic, and that therefore he wrapped it up and cast it behind his head.  
There is great controversy about his writings, so that the●e being several opinions, it is not easy to assert any thing certainly concerning them, for many causes which may obcure a man's judgement. As first his surname Secondly because it is not possible to observe his phrase: Thirdly, because that according to his age he altars it, besides many other reasons; I could (if I pleased) allege. He always contemned money, was pious, and a lover of the Greeks. Wonderful well-affected to his own Countrymen, so that he freed them all from the Pestilence, as I said before, whereby he was much honoured both by them and the Argives and Athenians. He left two sons after his decease, Thessalus and Draca, and a great number of Disciples; but his sons were the most famous.   

Hippocrates his Oath.  
I Swear by Apollo the Physician, Aesculapius, Hygiea, Panacea, and call all the Gods and Goddesses to witness, that I will observe and keep this underwritten oath to the uttermost of my power & judgement. I will reverence my Master who taught me this Art, equally with my Parents, will allow him things necessary for his life, and will esteem his children as brothers, and (do they desire it) will teach them this my Art without any salary or Covenant. I will participate all my instructions, and Lectures and whatsoever I know else, to all mine own and my Master's children, yea and to all my scholars, who shall in writing be bound to me, and tied by a Physical oath, and to none else.  
And as what concerns curing of the sick, I will to the uttermost of my power and judgement prescribe them their diet, and will secure them from all detriment and injury. I will not by any man's entreaties be moved to minister poison to any man, nor give any advice to do it. Neither will I give a woman any physic to make her miscarry of her birth: but will use mine Art and lead my life piously and chastely. I will cut none for the stone, but leave that to skilful chirurgeons. In what house soever I come, it shall be for the good of the sick, and will abstain from offering any voluntary injury, especially in any Veneral way to any such as I shall have to cure, men or women, bond or free  
Whatsoever I shall see or hear during my cure, yea though I were not called to give physic, but as it were being in a common conversation of life, if they be not things fitting to be revealed, I will conceal and keep them secret to myself. If I observe this oath faithfully, may I thrive and prosper in mine Art and Living, and grow famous to posterity. Or may the contrary happen to me upon breach of it.   

An exact Table showing every Aphorism pertaining to every disease.  
Note the first number stands for Aphorism, the second for Section.  

Of sickness of the head. REad Aph. 71. Sect. 4. 64. 5. 67. 5. 40. 2. 5. ●. 7. ● 10. 6. 22. 6. 51. 6. Lethargy, read ●0. 7. dead-sleep 1. 2. Overmuch waking 3. 2. Apoplexy 57 6. 42. 2. 43. 2 Melancholy 24. 6. 56. 6. 11. 6. 9 4. Madness 22. 6. 5. 7. D●ating 53. 6. Sleep 2. 2. Falling-sickness 46 2. 8. 5.  
Of the dispositions of the Sinews. palsy 18. 5. Cramp 57 4. 66. 4. 67. 4. 79. 4. 1. 5. 2. 5. 3: 5. 4. 5. 6. 5. 7. 5. 18. 5. 17. 5. 23. 5. 39 6. 9 7. 10. 7. 13. 7. 18. 7. 26. 7. Astonishment. 14. 7. Of the wry mouth, nose, or lips, 49. 4.  
Of the dispositions if the eyes. 12. 3. 13. 3. 14: 3: 18. 3: 17. 3. 22. 3, 49. 4. 52. 4. 17. 6. 31. 6. 52. 6. 47. 7.  
Of the dispositions of the Ears. 49; 4.  
Of the dispositions of the Nose. 2. 6. 40. 2. 23. 3: 14. 3, 15. 3: 32, 3. 36. 7. 25. 5. Flux of blood at the Nose. 37. 3. 27. 4. 60: 4▪ 75. 4. 32. 5, 10. 6. 9 7; sneezing 34. 5. 12. 6. 52. 7.  
Of the divers dispositions of the Mouth and Tongue. 25. 3. 32. 6. Dispositions of the Teeth. 26. 3. 53. 4. 26. 3. Of the effects of the Throat, 23: 3. 34. 4. 37. 4. 11. 5. 37. 6. 60. 7.  
Affects of the Breast and Lungs. 68 4. Asthma 46. 6. the voice, 6. 5. 51. 5. 47. 7. spitting of blood, 30. 3 67. 4. 47. 4. 14. 5. 10. 6: 15. 7. 37. 8. Pleurisy 12. 1. 6. 3. 24. 3. 9 5. 16. 5: 16. 6. 33. 6 Peripneumonia 34. 6. 12. 7. Enpiema or spitting of matter 27. 6. Pthisick 11. 3. 14 3. 23. 3, 30. 3. 8. 4. 10. 5. 15, 5. 13. 5. 16. 5, 64. 5. 16. 7.  
Affects of the Heart. 66. 4. Affects of the paps, 36. 5. 27. 5. 38. 5 39 5 50. 5 52 5, 54 5  
Affects of the stomach. 15. 1. 18. 1. 33. 2. Difficulty of swallowing, 35. 4. Pain of the stomach, 66. 4. 21. 2. Of thirst 27. 5 Vomiting, 2. 1. 7. 4. 22. 4. 10. 7. Of the Hicket 45. 13. 6. 15 6. 17. 7.  
Affects of the Liver. Pain of the Liver, 53 7. Aposthumes of the Liver, 60, 5. 18. 6. 46. 7. Dropsy 23. 3. 86. 22. 6. 11 4. 35 6. 43 6. 5. 7▪ 48. 7. 46. 7. Of the hypocondres 64. 4. 74. 4. 64. 5. 40. 6.  
Affects of the Gall and Spleen. jaundice, 64. 4. 63. 4. 71. 5. 42 6. Of the Spleen 23. 3. 43. 6. 48. 6  
Fluxes of all kinds. 14. 2. 21. 4: 22. 4: 23. 4. 24. 4. 26. 4. 28. 4 49. 5. 1. 6. 3. 6. 32. 6 43. 6. 48. 6. 5. 7: 24. 7. 30. 7. 31. 7 Pains of the intestines, 11. 4. 49. 4 ●. 6. 7. 6. Ilyake passion 44. 6. 10. 7  
Affects of the Fundament. 11: 6. 12. 6. Affects of the reins 6. 4. 80. 4. 7. 6 35. 7. 36. 7. 37. 7. 55. 7  
Affects of the Bladder. 17. 3. 23. 3. 27. 3. 32. 3. 70. 4. 71. 4 73. 4. 72. 4. 74. 4. 75. 4 70 4. 76. 4. 77. 4. 75. 4: 80. 4. 82. 4. 83.2. 84.4 58.5 19.6. 44.4. 32. 7. 34.7. 35.7. 39.7. 40.7. 49▪ 7.  
Affects of the members of Generation in men. 63. 5. 19 6.  
Of the affects of the members of Generation in women. 13.3. 1.4. 28.5. 29 5. 5 30. 5.31. 5 32.5. 33.5. 34 5. 35.5. 36.5: 37 5. 38.5. ●9. 6. 40.5. 41.5. 42.5. 43 5. 44.5. 45.5. 46.5. 47.5. 48.5 49.5. 50.5. 51.5 52.5. 53 5. 54.5. 55.5. 56.5. 57.5. 59.5. 60.5. 61.5. 62.5. 28.7.  
Of the Affects that do appear in the Exteame parts. 46.2. 20.4. 31.4. 33.4. 44.4. 25.5. 21.6. 22.6, 28.6. 29.6. 30 6. 34.6. 49.7. 49.6. 55 6. 59 6. 60.5.  
Aphorisms touching fevers. 12.1. 14.1. 23.2. 25.2. 26.2: 28.2. 30.2. 34.2. 7.3. 8.3. 10.3. 12.3. 22.3. 29.4. 31.4. 44.4. 43. 4. 46.4. 48.4. 45.4. 49.4. 50.4. 51.4 52.4. 53.4. 55.4. 56.4. 67. 4. 50.4. 60.4. 62.4. 63.4. 94.4. 66.4. 67.4 68.4. 69.4. 26.6. 54 6. 71.4.  
Of Diet to be observed in fevers. 4.1. 5.1. 6.1. 7.1. 8.1. 9.1. 10 1. 11.1. 13.1. 14.1. 15.1. 16.1. 17.1. 18.1. 19.1.    

The Aphorisms of Hippocrates Prince of Physicians.  

SECT. I.  
The Argument.  
This first Section doth for the most part handle the Dietary part of Physicck, prescribing not only the measure and observation in meats and drinks for sound bodies, but also for those that are sick and diseased, with a moderation of Labour and Exercise.  

APHORISM. 1.  
LIfe ●is short, the art is long, occasion sudden, experience dangerous, judgement difficult. Neither is it suffent that the Physician do his office, unless the Patient, and those which are attendants about him do their duty, and that outward things be as well ordered, as those that are given inwardly.  
This Aphorism is as it were an Introduction or proem to the whole Work.   

APH. 2.  
In distemperatures, loosnesses, Fluxes of the belly, and Vomitings which do come of their own accord if such things be purged as ought to be purged, they are easily endured, and are profitable, otherwise it falleth out contrary. In like sort if an emptying of vessels be done as it should be, it doth good as is easily suffered, otherwise it doth work contrary effects. Wherefore consideration is to be had both of the region and the time, and also of the age and the quality of the disease for which such things ought to be evacuated, or else not.  
For the Physician ought in all things to imitate and assist Nature.   

APH. 3.  
The full habit and state of the bodies of wrestlers, if it comes to the highest degree of fullness is dangerous; for it cannot continue and remain in the same state, and when it cannot so remain nor grow into a better habit, it remains, that it must needs decline into a worse. Wherefore that over full plight of body must speedily be dissolved, to the end it may take a beginning of new nourishment: Neither must we proceed so far that the vessels be quite empty, and void (for that is dangerous) but we must proceed so far as Nature will bear and tolerate. So extreme evacuations are perilous, and extreme repletitions are likewise dangerous.  
The former Aphorism was of the quality of humours to be evacuated now this and those which follow, treat of the quantity.   

APH. 4.  
A small and slender diet in long and lingering diseases is always dangerous, and in sharp diseases likewise, when it is not convenient, and again diet reduced to extreme slenderness, is as full of peril, as extreme repletion, and fullness in laborious and painful.  
In this Aphorism Hippocrat●● speaks, of the diet which sick men ought to use.   

APH. 5.  
The sick may offend in a slender diet, for thereby it happeneth that they grow worse, for every error in this case is more dangerous, then in a somewhat fuller diet. For the same cause, a very slender and too precise a diet, is somewhat dangerous to sound and healthful bodies, because they endure the errors thereof with more difficulty. Wherefore a thin and exact manner of diet, for the most part is more dangerous, then that which is a little more full and plentiful then should be.  
He saith for the most part; for Hippocrates meaning is not that a slender diet is absolutely hurtful.   

APH. 6.  
To extreme diseases, extreme and exquisite remedies are best.  
Extreme diseases are called those which are most sharp and acute.   

APH. 7.  
When therefore the disease is very sharp and hath presently most extreme passions and pains, we must use a most exceeding slender diet when it is so. But when it is not so, we may use a fuller diet, and as the disease declineth, we may by little increase the diet.  
By passions and pains he means symptoms, which in these very sharp diseases are seldom but ac●ompanied with hot fevers.   

APH. 8.  
When the force of the disease is greatest, than a most sparing diet is to be observed.  
This Aphorism enjoins that in general which the former doth give order to be done in some particular diseases.   

APH. 9  
But we must consider and conjecture by the sick man, whether he be able to hold out, and persist with the prescribed diet, even to the state and uttermost extremity of the disease, or may faint or fail and being too weak with such diet, may yield the victory to the disease, before it retire, and be overcome.  
For if the patient were able to endure without food, till the extre- or course: in the recourse of those fits, we must use abstinence.  
This Aphorism speaks of intermitting diseases, which leave men for a season, and then return again.   

APH. 12.  
The fits and kinds of the diseases, the seasons of the year, and the observation of the alteration of the times of the fits return, if they come again every other day, or after a longer interval of time, will show the sharp invasions or extremities of the diseases▪ Likewise signs and tokens are taken from those things which appear afterwards, as for example in a pleurisy, if the corrupt matter, avoided by spitting, appear presently in the beginning, it declares the disease will be but short; but if it be longer before it do appear, it declareth a longer continuance of it. Moreover Urines, excrements of the belly, and sweats declare whither the diseases will prove easy, or difficult, short or long.  
For if diseases come in summer, they will for the most part proceed from choler, and the fits come every third day, and last a short time, if in wiuter they will proceed chiefly from Phlegm, the fits come every day and last longer.   

APH. 13.  
Old men easily endure fasting, those who are in their declining age not so well, young men worse, and children worst of all, especially those who are of a more lively spirit.  
Old when they are above 50 until 70, for those who are decrepit ought to feed often, but a little at a time.   

APH. 14.  
Those bodies that grow, have much natural heat, therefore they require great store of food, or else the body consumeth. But old men have little heat in them, therefore they require but a little food: for much nourishment extinguisheth that heat. And this is the reason that old men have not very acute fevers, because their bodies are not so hot.  
This Aphorism shows the reasons of the precedent, namely why old men can endure fasting better than young men and children.   

APH, 15.  
The ventures by nature are most hot in winter, and in the Spring, and sleep most long. Wherefore in those seasons more abundant food ought to be allowed, because they have most natural heat; whereby it cometh to pass, tha● they need more abundant food. Of which thing the differences of ages, and wrestler's bodies, are sufficient proofs.  
ventures are the stomach and belly. And sleep increaseth the natural heat.   

APH. 16.  
Moist diet is good for all that are troubled with Agues, especially for children and others who are accustomed to such diet.  
Because Agues are dry, and because custom is a kind of an acquired nature.   

APH. 17.  
We must also consider whom it may be convenient to feed once or twice a day, more or less, and by little and little: we must attribute something also to custom, age, season, and region.  
Having before spoken of the quantity and quality of food which may be given, he now speaks how it ought to be given, wherein he saith custom, time, country, and age ought to be considered.   

APH. 18.  
Sick folk do most hardly brook store of meat in Summer, in Winter most easily, in the Spring time in a meaner manner.  
Here he expounds more particularly what he spoke generally in the former Aphorism, and saith that in Summer they brook no store of food, the reason is because then the native heat is weak and languisheth, and in Autumn the bodies are obstructed, but in Winter, the ventures (namely the stomach and those parts) are very hot, and their sleep is long, and in the Spring the natural heat evaporates more than in Wiuter.   

APH. 19  
Nothing must be given to them neither must they be constrained to take meat, which have fits returning at certain determined courses: but we ought to diminish food, before manifest tokens appear to judge of the disease.  
To the end that Nature may not be called away from its concoction and digestion.   

APH. 20.  
We ought not to move, alter, or change those things which are or justly have been justly determined by Nature, either with medicines or other procurements, but to let them alone.  
Because Nature by her determiation having shown she is of herself strong enough, needs no help of art.   

APH. 21  
Carry those things which are ●o be drawn out thither whether they shall seem to incline and bend, by such ways and places as are fittest for conveyance and expulsion.  
If Nature be not able of herself (as in the former Aphorism) to expel the cause of the disease, then let Art help, to do it that way as Nature inclines.   

APH. 22.  
We must move with Medicine those things which are concocted and digested, and not those which are raw and undigested. Neither in the beginning of diseases, unless they be provoked by their own force and violence, which very seldom cometh to pass.  
Nature after concoction doth segregate and expel humours; which if she be too languid to do, than it is good to help it with medicines.   

APH. 23.  
Things evacuated and purged are not to be estimated by the multitude, but advisedly to be considered if those things be avoided and sen●forth, which should and purged, which should be, it doth good, and the sick may easily suffer it, but if the contrary be evacuated, they do painfully endure it.  
Having in this latter part of this Section spoken of purges given by Physicians. He sets down this to put us again in mind of those purgations which come voluntarily from Nature. Having said the same thing of them in the second Aphorism.    

SECT. II.  
The Argument.  
This second Section, of which the universal and plenary intention cannot well be assigned and set down, hath many things appertaining to the Doctrine of Ages, signs, Nature, and Purgation.  

APH. 1.  
IF sleep bring labour and pain in the disease, it is a mortal sign: but if it bring ease and mitigation of pain, the sign is not deadly.  
Sleep may hurt in two kinds: the one is common, when sick men sleep in the beginning of their fits. The other is proper when they slelp at any other times. Here we must conceive he speaks of the last.   

APH. 2.  
When a Delirium or raving is appeased by sleep, it is a good sign.  
This is an example of the universal assertion in the preceding Aphorism, now the reason of it is because nothing causeth and nourisheth raving more than want of sleep; therefore if that cause it to cease, it is a sign death is approaching.   

APH. 3  
Sleep and watching, if they be immoderate, and shall exceed a mean, are evil.  
For all immoderate things are enemies and adverse to Nature, and too much sleep is a sign that the brain is too cool and moist, and too little argues that it is too dry.   

APH. 4.  
Neither satiety nor hunger, neither any other thing which shall exceed the measure of Nature, can be good or healthful.  
For health is defined to be a symmetry and just proportion, and besides too much fasting fills the ventricle with evil humours.   

APH. 5.  
Weariness and dulness proceeding of their own accord, signify diseases to come.  
Namely such a weariness as comes, without any immoderate exercise of the body.   

APH. 6.  
They which suffer pain of any part of the body, and do not in a manner feel it, have their understanding distempered and diseased.  
That is to say, have any disease or sore which causeth pain, and they feel it not.   

APH. 7.  
Bodies extenuated and wasted with long sickness, are to be restored and refreshed by little and little, but those which have been brought low quickly and in short time, are sooner to be restored.  
For in those who are wasted with long sickness, the flesh is wasted; in those who are quickly brought low, the spirits only, which may sooner be restored then the flesh.   

APH. 8.  
If any man eating meat after sickness, doth not recover strength it argues his body is burdened and oppressed with too much store of food. But if the same happen to one feeding meanly, we must understand that he hath need of evacuation.  
Because the body being oppressed with noxious humours, they hinder concoction, wherefore the said humours must first be evacuated.   

APH. 9  
How much the more thou shalt nourish and cherish impure bodies, by so much the more thou shalt harm and hurt them.  
This gives a reason of the former Aphorism. Namely, because the aliment which you give to such bodies increases the quantity of vicious humours.   

APH. 10.  
He who will purge bodies, must first make them fluxible.  
Which may be done two ways, either by opening the passages, or by cutting off and extennating the thick humours.   

APH. 11.  
It is more easy to be restored with drink then with meat.  
That is to say with a liquid aliment, for that is sooner altered and distributed then a solid, and if yet greater speed be required, they may be recreated with odours.   

APH. 12.  
Those things which are left behind after the crisis, are wont to bring forth relapses.  
Left because the matter was not fit to be expelled, or Nature was so weakened by sickness, that it was not able to expel all the noxious humours.   

APH. 13.  
The night which goeth before the fit or invasion is tedious, but the night following is commonly more easy.  
We feel the pains of diseases more by night, then by day, because in the day time, all the senses being awaked are employed about some other thing.   

APH. 14.  
The alteration of the excrements, not made to the worse part in fluxes of the belly is good.  
Because it is a sign that those noxious humours which by the excrements appeared to be in the body, are voided and gone.   

APH. 15.  
When the upper parts of the throat or gullet are sore or a breaking out of wheals doth arise in the body, it behooveth us to look upon the excrements, for if they be choleric, the body is also sick, but if they be like the excrements of sound persons, the body may be cherished without danger.  
For if the excrements make no show of any further inward diseases those wheals signify that Nature hath been strong enough of herself to drive out the evil humours into those external parts of the body.   

APH. 16.  
When hunger beareth sway, we must rest from much stirring or labour.  
For hunger and exercise together, would cast down strength, and dry up the body too much.   

APH. 17.  
When over much meat is received against Nature, it causeth sickness as the manner of curing diseases proceeding from repletion doth declare.  
Because it oppresses Nature now those diseases are cured by evacuation, which shows they were caused by repletion.   

APH. 18.  
Those thlngs which nourish speedily and plentifully, are quickly excreted and voided.  
For being speedily concocted and digested the excrements must also of necessity have a speedy passage.   

APH. 19  
Predictions of death or health in sharp diseases are not altogether certain.  
By reason of the sudden changes which happen in them, according to the Nature of the humours; which cause those sharp diseases: and because the molestant humour runs out of one part into another.   

APH. 20.  
They which in young age have a moist and loose belly, in old age have it dry. But those who have it dry in their young age, have it moist when they are old.  
This Aphorism is to be understood of those who continue in the same diet when they are old, which they used in their younger years, otherwise it would not be any way remarkable.   

APH. 21.  
Drinking of strong wine, putteth away hunger.  
By hunger here is meant a disease which is called Appetitus Caninus, or Appetentia Canina, and those who are diseased therewith can never be satisfied, though they eat never so much.   

APH. 22.  
Diseases which are bred of satiety and surfeiting are cured by evacuation and those which proceed from emptiness are cured by fullness, and so in the rest, contraries are the remedies of contraries.  
Neither must these contraries be used in an extreme degree, for neither too much repletion nor too much evacuation can conveniently be endured.   

APH. 23.  
Acute and sharp diseases are judged within fourteen days.  
Though some may be judged before, yet fourteen days is the uttermost day that can be expected for the judgement or crisis of such diseases.   

APH. 24  
The fourth day is the Index of the seventh, the eighth the beginning of the week following. Also the eleventh day is to be considered, for that is the fourth day of the second week And again the seventeenth day is to be considered, being the fourth from the fourteenth, and the seventh from the eleventh.  
He hath taught us that acute diseases run out to a crisis within fourteen days, which he here explains, and shows which are the Critical days for three weeks together.   

APH. 25.  
Summer Quartan fevers are for the most part short: but the Autumnal long, especially those which remain till Winter.  
Because in Summer the superfluous humours being driven into the outward parts of the body, are quickly expelled through the pores, but they last longer in Autumn, for they are some way peculiar to that season, because by the forerunning Summer the faculties of the body are weakened, and in Winter by reason that then the humours are thickened, and the pores shut up by the ambient cold. And this is but for the most part, for sometimes it may prove otherways.   

APH. 26.  
It is better that a fever should succeed a Convulsion, than Convulsion a fever.  
For if a Convulsion precede a fever, it proceeds from fullness, which is easily cured by evacuation, but if it succeeds it proceeds from emptiness, and is very dangerous for the Patient.   

APH. 27.  
We ought not to be too confident if a sharp disease slacken without any reason. Neither much fear those diseases which happen without any reason. For most of them are uncertain, and do not usually last long.  
For if it slacken without reason, it threatens a relapse, and if it come without reason, it is not much to be feared, for it will fall having no good foundation.   

APH. 28.  
If the body of those which have a sharp fever abide all at one stay, and is nothing abated, or else is melted and wasted away beyond reason, it is a very evil sign, for the first doth signify a continuance of the disease, and the latter a great imbecility of Nature.  
For the first is caused by a density or thickness of the skin, and thickness and gluttinousness of humours, and the latter by a thinness or tenuity of the skin, and extenuation of humours which commonly is followed by imbecility of Nature.   

APH. 29.  
In the beginning of diseases if there appears cause for moving of any thing; move it. But when they are in their state it is far better to let it alone.  
The reason of this Aphorism is laid down in the next.   

APH. 30.  
Abo●● the beginnings and ends of dis●●se● all things 〈…〉 calm and remis●▪ in 〈…〉 d state more vehement.  
This Aphorism is but the reason of the precedent, and explains the formers and its own meaning.   

APH. 31.  
If the body thrive not with him who after a disease feedeth well it is an evil sign.  
For it signifies one of these two things, namely that he takes more food, than Nature (yet weakened by sickness) can digest. Or that there is yet such abundance of evil humours left in the ventricle and other parts of the body, that whatsoever is put into it presently corrupts with them.   

APH. 32.  
Those which in the beginning of sickness feed much, and do not thrive therewith, for the most part do at last fall into a loathing of meat. On the contrary, those who in the beginning do vehemently abhor food, and afterwards desire much meat, are more easily freed from their sickness.  
Because feeding hard whilst there be yet relics of evil humours remaining in the body, increases the quantity of those evil humours, and so hinders their convalescency. Whereas those who feed sparingly in the beginning oppress not the powers of Nature, which increasing do at last expel those remainders of evil humours.   

APH. 33.  
In any disease, if reason be not weakened nor hurt, but that it is willing to embrace such meats as are proffered it, it is good, but if it be otherwise it is evil.  
Because to have ones good understanding sound, signifies that the brain and all the nervous parts, with the Liver, Heart, and Ventricles are also well affected, whereas if the Reason be hurt, it signifies that both the Brain and Ventricle are out of frame.   

APH. 34.  
They are not so dangerously sick, to whose nature, age, habit, or season, the disease is familiar and agreeable; as they to whom the disease is not agreeable to any of those things.  
By Nature here is meant the temperament of the body, by habit: whether a body be composed of a soft and tender flesh, or of a thick and solid. Age, and season are easy to be known what they mean, howsoever for examples sake, acute fevers are not common to old age, the body being then cold, and likely are deadly in old men. And what diseases have most affinity with each season of the year, is shown in the third Section, the Aphorisms 20, 21, 22, 23.   

APH. 35.  
It is better in any disease that the parts adjoining to the Navel and nethermost belly be somewhat thick and gross: for the extenuation and consumption of them is evil, and then it is not safe to minister purgations working downward.  
Because the thickness and grosseness of those parts signify that the native heat is more valid, and the concoction better.   

APH. 36.  
Those which are endued with health of body, do quickly faint drinking a purging potion: and so do those which use bad and corrupt nourishment.  
For in healthful men, the purging potion finding no vicious nor redundant humour to draw out and evacuate, doth first dissipate the spirits, then dissolves those parts which are humid and moist, and finally corrupts those which are solid. And those which use bad food have sharp and biting humours, which being by the medicament driven through the sensible parts of the body do cause fainting:   

APH. 37.  
Those which are of sound and perfect health of body, do painfully and grievously endure purging medicines.  
This Aphorism is more general than the former, which expressed but one symptom which befalls sound men when they are purged. But this includes all the rest.   

APH. 38.  
Those meats and drinks which are worse, yet pleasant, are to be preferred before those which are better, but yet unpleasant and distasting.  
Because they please the Patient best, and because the Ventricle doth more greedily embrace, and speedilier concoct those meats and drinks which are pleasant.   

APH. 39  
For the most part old men are not so often sick as young are: But being once taken with long diseases they commonly die.  
Old men are presumed to be more discreet and temperate in their feeding which is the cause of this assertion for those which are not so, are more subject to sickness then young men, being weaker than they.   

APH. 40.  
Rheums descending down to the mouth, and falling down to the throat do not come to concoction in those which are very old.  
This is as it were an example of the latter assertion of the precedent Aphorism, namely that old men once taken with long disease commonly die.   

APH. 41.  
They die suddenly which do often, and vehemently swoon and faint without any manifest cause.  
Because it argueth an imbecility of the vital faculty.   

APH. 42.  
It is impossible to cure a vehement apoplexy and very hard to cure a weak one.  
For all Apoplexies are caused by a stopping of the animal Faculties from descending any lower into the body than the head.   

APH. 43.  
Strangled & suffocated folk, being not as yet dead, do not return to themselves, if there appear any foam about their mouth.  
Because it is a sign that the Lights are violently wronged.   

APH. 44.  
Those which are very gross by Nature, do enjoy shorter life than those which are lean.  
Because fat men's native heat is weaker than lean men's.   

APH. 45.  
Change and alteration of place, and diet, and especially of age, free children from the falling evil.  
For when they come to their youthful age they are cured by their hot and dry temperament.   

APH. 46.  
Of two pains at one time, not possessing the selfsame place, that which is the most vehement, doth dull the pain of the other.  
It doth neither cure nor expel the other, but only dull and obscure it.   

APH. 47.  
Whiles filthy and corrupt matter is digesting, pains and Agues do rather happen, than when it is come to maturation  
For when it is maturated the inflammation and burning ceaseth.   

APH. 48.  
In every exercise of the body, when it beginneth to be wearied, rest doth presently mitigate the weariness.  
For as he said in the two and twentieth Aphorism of this Section, one contrary is the cure of the other.   

APH. 49  
Thoke who are accustomed to daily labours, although they be weak or old men, do more easily endure accustomed exercises, than those who are not accustomed to them, although they be strong and young  
Because custom is a second nature   

APH. 50.  
Things accustomed a long time, although they be worse are wont to be less grievous, than those which are unaccustomed, wherefore also a change is not to be made to unaccustomed things.  
Because the bodies are subject to changes, therefore upon such changes we must also fall upon some unaccustomed diet.   

APH. 51.  
It is danderous at one time, much and suddenly, either to empty, fill, heat or cool, or by any other means to move or stir the body. For any thing passing the bounds of mediocrity is an enemy to Nature, and that is safe which is done by little and little, and especially when an alteration and change is to be made from one thing to another.  
Namely from accustomed to unaccustomed.   

APH. 52.  
He must not pass forthwith from one medicine to another, when all things fall not out so well as they should, to him; who doth proceed by good reason; so that remain still and continue which seemed to him to be so from the Beginning.  
For it is no point of wisdom lightly to recede from that which once you have approved of, though it doth not presently work as you would have it.   

APH. 53.  
Those which have a moist belly, pass their youthful age more easily than those which have the same dry: but they pass their old age more hardly and with more difficulty, for when they wax old, for the most part it is dried.  
This Aphorism is of itself plain enough, and compared with the 20 Aphorism of this Section, they expound one another.   

APH. 54.  
Greatness and tallness of body is comely to the state of young age: but to old age it is improfitable, and worse than a short stature.  
For it burdeneth old men, and makes them go stooping and crook-backed.    

SECT: III.  
The Argument.  
This third book is almost reduced to the discourse of ages or times, expressing unto us two common places, that is to say the strength and force of ages, and the diversity of diseases throughout those ages, and times.  

APHORISM. 1.  
ALteration and variableness of the seasons, do most especially bring forth diseases, and likewise great alterations of cold and heat in those seasons, and of other things answering to them in proportion.  
Because they alter the air which we draw in continually with our breaths.   

APH. 2.  
Some natures are well or ill affected in Summer, and some in Winter.  
By natures he means the temperatures: and of them the cold and moist temperatures fare best in Summer, and the hot and dry worst.   

APH. 3.  
Some diseases are well or ill affected, some more to one time, and some to another, and some ages more to some one time, place and kind of diet than they are to another.  
He now affirms that to be true in diseases and ages, which he had in the precedent Aphorism asserted in temperatures of the body.   

APH. 4.  
Autumnal diseases are to be expected in those seasons, when on the selfsame day it is sometimes hot, and sometimes cold.  
For not the names but the temperatures of the seasons, are the causes of diseases.   

APH. 5.  
The South wind dulleth the hearing, obscureth and darkneth the sight, offendeth the head with aches and rheums, procureth and causeth heaviness and faintness in the members. When therefore it is frequent and bloweth often, such things are incident to the weak and sickly. Contrariwise the North wind causeth coughs, exasperateth and excoriateth the jaws, hardens the belly, suppresseth Urine, stirs up cold shiverings and shakings, engendereth the pains of the sides and breast. Therefore when this wind bears sway those that are weak and feeble must, look for such accidents.  
The South wind by reason of its hot and moist Nature, and the north wind because of its cold and dryness do work these effects in weak bodies.   

APH. 6.  
When the Summer is like the Spring time, we must expect much sweating in Agues.  
Because by its temperate and moderate heat, it draws the humidities of the body to the skin, but cannot dissolve them into vapours.   

APH. 7.  
Sharp Agues are engendered by great drought and dryness, and if the year prove to be for the most part such; as the state of the season is, such kinds of diseases for the most part must be so expected.  
Sharp Agues are those which quickly end, but have heavy and troublesome symptoms.   

APH. 8.  
In certain & moderate times, observing their seasonableness, certain and seasonable diseases having a happy determination are engendered. But in uncertain and immoderate times, uncertain diseases are engendered; and evil to be judged.  
For diseases follow the nature of the efficient causes, and the efficient causes are likely such as the temperature of the year is.   

APH. 9  
In Autumn universally there are most sharp and deadly diseases: but the spring time is most wholesome, and free from deadly diseases.  
The reasons whereof are, first by reason of its ineqnality, the mornings and evenings being cold and the midday hot. Secondly, because the preceding Summer hath made the humours adust. Thirdly; because the said Summer hath weakened the forces. Fourthly, because the morning▪ and evenings ambient coldness drives the vicious humours into the body. And fiftly, because there is abundance of fruits eaten in that season, the eating of which breeds store of evil humours.   

APH. 10.  
Autumn is hurtful to such as are in a consumption.  
By reason of its dryness, coldness, and inequality.   

APH. 11.  
Amongst the parts of the year if the Winter be extraordinary dry, and the Spring very rainy, and subject to southerly winds. It must of necessity fall out that in Summer, sharp Agues, Rheums in the eyes and Bloody-fluxes do happen, especially to women and men who are of a moist nature.  
By reason of the abundance of humours which are subject to putrefaction.   

APH. 12.  
Contrarily if Winter be Southernly, full of rain and warm, and the Spring dry and northernly, women whose childbirth and deliverance happeneth near the Spring, do upon the least occasion suffer abortment and untimely birth: or if they be delivered at their due time, they bring forth such weak and diseased children, that either they die quickly, or live but weakly and sickly. To others there happen bloody-fluxes and hot inflammations of the eyes, and to old men rheums which shortly kill them.  
This Aphorisms meaning is plain enough now, the particular causes why these several diseases happen are set down at large in GalensComments to which we refer the Reader.   

APH. 13.  
Summer being dry and the wind northernly, Autumn full of rain and the wind southernly, vehement pains of the head are to be expected in the Winter following. Also coughs, hoarsnesses, & rheums, distilings at the nostrils, and to some pining Consumptions.  
Having in the preceding Aphorisms spoken of the Winter and Spring, he now speaks of the other two seasons, namely Summer and Autumn.   

APH. 14.  
A northernly and dry Autumn is profitable and good to men which are of a moist temperature, and also to women, to others it causeth hot inflammations in the eyes, and fevers partly sharp, and partly long, and some also are troubled with melancholy.  
This Aphorism ought to be annexed to the former as part of it.   

APH. 15.  
Of all the seasons throughout the whole year, dryness and droughts are more wholesome and less dangerous to man's life, then daily showers of rain and moisture  
This Aphorism by right should have been placed after the 17th of this Section, and the 17 after the 5, as Galen shows in his Comment upon this present Aphorism.   

APH. 16.  
When there is much rain these diseases for the most part are engendered, namely long contlnuing Agues, Fluxes of the belly, corruption of humours, Falling-sickness, Apoplexies, Squinancies But when there is much drought there happen Consumptions, rheums in the eyes, pains of the joints, difficulty in making Urine, and passions of the intestines or inward parts.  
This Aphorism is as it were an explication of the former, by which some ignorant men might infer that in a dry year, there would be no diseases at all engendered.   

APH. 17.  
Daily seasons of weather being northernly do close and strengthen the body and make it nimble, well coloured and quick of hearing. They dry and harden the belly, but bite and offend the eyes, and if any pain have possessed the breast, they make it more grievous▪ Contrariwise southernly seasons loose and moisten the body, and weakens it, dull the hearing, cause heaviness, and giddiness of the head, mistiness and dimness of the eyes, dulness and laziness of the body, and make the belly loose and laxative.  
For the northern wind is cold and dry: and the southern hot and moist.   

APH. 18.  
As touching seasons of the year in the Spring and beginning of Summer, children and those which are nearest to them in age, live in very good health; in Summer and some part of Autumn old men live best, but in the rest of Autumn and Winter they of a middle age.  
Summer is good for old men by reason of the frigidity of their nature, Winter for men in the strength of their age, because it abates and is contrary to their bilious temper.   

APH. 19  
Any diseases, are engendered in any times of the year, yet many are rather caused, and stirred, in some one more than in another.  
Intending in the following Aphorisms to set down what diseases are peculiar to several times of the year he promises this as a general one.   

APH. 20.  
In the Spring there happeneth madness, melancholy, falling-evil, fluxes of blood, the squinancy, rheums, distillations of humours, coughs, leprosies, dry scabs, morphues, and many ulcerous wheals, bushes, and pains of the joints.  
Which diseases for the most part being not dangerous, but rather conducing to health by driving out noxious humours out of the inward to the outward parts of the body; this Aphorism rather confirms than opposes the latter part of the ninth Aphorism.   

APH. 21  
In Summer there are some of those diseases before spoken of; in the Spring also continual fevers and burning Agues, and many Tertians, and Quartans, Vomitings, Fluxes of the belly, inflammations of the eyes, pains of the ears, ulcerations of the mouth, putrefactions of the genitals, and sweatings,  
Namely in the beginning of Summer are incident some of those diseases which were also towards the latter end of the Spring, for it being of the same temperature they must engender the same diseases.   

APH. 22.  
Also many Summer diseases are in Autumn, both Quartans and uncertain wandering Agues, swellings of the Spleen, hydropsy, Consumptions, Strangury Looseness & excoriations of the bowels, aches of huckle-bone, Squinancies, shortnesses of breath, straight pressings or drawing together of the bowels in some part of them; the Falling-sickness, madness, and melancholy.  
The beginning of Autumn, and end of Summer have the same affinity as the beginning of Summer and end of the Spring.   

APH. 23.  
In Winter are engendered pleurisies, inflammations of Lungs lethargy, Rheums in the nostrils, hoarseness, coughs, pains of the breasts, sides, and loins, headaches, swimmings and giddinesses of the head (causing dimness to the eyes) and Apoplexies.  
This and the precedent Aphorisms concerning seasons, are to be understood when seasons do hold their own order and temperature.   

APH. 24  
But as concerning ages, these diseases do happen to little children and lately born; Ulcers in the mouth, Vomiting, Coughs, want of sleep, great fears, inflammations of the navel, moist runings at the ears.  
Having spoken of the seasons of diseases he now sets down in what ages such and such diseases use to happen, beginning with infants newly born.   

APH. 25.  
The time of Teeth-breeding coming, there happen itching of the gums, fevers, Convulsions, Fluxes of the belly, especially when they bring forth their dogteeth, and especially those children chiefly that are most fat, and have their belly bound.  
Which time of teeth breeding begins commonly at seven months of age, and sometimes at four: the dogteeth at a year or ten months.   

APH▪ 26.  
When children begin to be a little elder, they are subject to the inflammations of the Almonds of the mouth, dislocation of the turning joints in the nape of the neck inwardly, shortness of wind, breeding of the Stone, round-worms, gut-worms, long hanging warts, Satyrasms, Stranguries Scrophules in the neck and other risings, especially those before declared  
Now he sets down those diseases which children are subject to after they are past teeth-breeding, to twelve or fourteen years of age.   

APH. 27.  
Moreover to those which are greater and coming to ripe age, there happen many of those former diseases, but more long continuing Agues, and fluxes of blood at the nostrils.  
This Aphorism concerns children about twelve, thirteen, or fourteen years of age, and ripeness of age comes sooner or later according to the beat or coldness of constitutions.   

APH. 28.  
The diseases of children for the most part, some of them attain to the crisis or alteration within 40 days, some within seven months, some within seven years, others when they come to ripe age. But those which shall continue longer, and shall neither be dissolved, in men children when they come to be about fourteen years or fifteen or maiden children when their monthly terms do break forth, do use to last a long time.  
Or as Heurnius saith in his Comments, do last as long as they live.   

APH. 29.  
To young men there doth happen spitting of blood, Consumptions, sharp fevers, falling-sicknesses and other diseases, but especially▪ these we have now rehearsed.  
This age according to Heurniusis when their voice breaks and they begin to speak big. nostrils, dimness of sight, Glaucoma, and dullness of hearing.  
Here by old men he means those who have attained to their last age.    

SECT. IV.  
The Argument.  
This fourth Section is variable, but for the most part is reduced to evacuation and prognostic signs of future events.  

APHORISM. 1.  
THou shalt purge child-bearing women if it be needful, at the fourth month after conception, and so unto the seventh, but those more sparingly: but the conception being younger, or elder, thou shalt abstain.  
Because in those months the ligaments wherewith the conception is fastened to the womb, are strongest and thickest, and not cas●e to be broken by the commotions of purging medicines.   

APH. 2.  
Such things are to be drawn out of the body by the use of purging medicines, as they are, which issuing out of their own accord would do good to it. But those which issue out in a contrary manner are to be stopped.  
For it is good in artificial purges to imitate Nature.   

APH. 3  
If such things be purged as should be it is good, and the Patient doth easily endure it. But if you do otherwise, the patient doth endure it painfully.  
This Aphorism being the same with the 2 and 25 of the first Section, it needs no further explication, and some have in this place left it quite out.   

APH. 4.  
In Summer it is more convenient to purge the upper ventures, in Winter the inferior by stool.  
For in Summer choler is the predominant humour, and naturally by reason of the ambient heat all things are carried upwards, so it is best to purge by Vomit.   

APH. 5.  
Under the Canicular or Dog-star, and before it, purgations are painful and difficult.  
Because the ambient heat seeks to draw the humours outwards by sweat while the purgation forces them out by stool.   

APH. 6.  
Lean and slender men are easily provoked to Vomit, and therefore must be purged by vomit, unless it be in Winter.  
For slender men are for the most part choleric, which choler if they have a facility in vomiting should be purged upward, unless it be in Winter, for then the inferior ventures must be purged by stool.   

APH. 7.  
Purge those which do not vomit easily, and are in good plight, downwards by stool, so it be not Summer.  
For at any other time of the year you may securely do it.   

APH. 8.  
Do not purge them upwar●s which are subject to a Consumption or Phtysick.  
For fear of hurting the instrumental parts of respiration which are weak.   

APH. 9  
Thou shalt purge melancholy folk strongly by stool, in like manner beginning the contrary way of purging.  
For light matter bending upward, must be drawn out by the upper parts, but the heavier and grosser matter by the lower parts.   

APH. 10.  
We must purge in very sharp sicknesses, if the matter do move to the purging of it; and that the very same day wherein the sickness doth begin; for delay in such diseases is very hurtful and dangerous.  
Before the strength of body fail, or diminish, or the aguish heat increase, or the humours which wander up and down the body settle about some principal part.   

APH. 11.  
Those which have gripings and wringings in the belly, and horrible pain about the navel and the loins, and cannot be eased and dissolved by medicine or otherwise, they will fall into a dry dropsy.  
Which is called a tympany.   

APH. 12.  
Those are not to be purged in Winter by vomit, whose stomach and belly cannot retain meat until it be digested  
He means such purges as are general and purge the whole body; for in particular purges you may do otherwise. As if we would only ease the ventricle of phlegm, we may do it by vomit in Winter. And by the same reason, if yellow choler be in the intestines only, we may in Summer purge it out by stool.   

APH. 13.  
Their bodies are to be made moist before hand with plenty of food, and with ease and rest; who taking a potion of Hellebor do hardly and painfully vomit.  
Because if the nerves and other dry parts of the body be not moistened the Hellebor which is hot and dry in the third degree, and is very drawing, may cause deadly Convulsions   

APH. 14.  
Hellebor being drunk, the body ought rather to be moved, than yielded to sleep or rest: For the sailing in a ship doth manifest, that our bodies are provoked and st●irred by motion.  
And seeing that motion of itself provokes the body to vomit, much more will it do it, with the help of a medicine. And rest keeps the body in the same state, motion changes and altars it.   

APH. 15.  
If you will have Hellebore to work more forcibly move and stir the body, but when you will stay it, procure sleep and do not move.  
For since motion sets it more violently a working, rest must needs cause it to stay, seeing contrary operations work contrary effects.   

APH. 16.  
Hellebor is very dangerous to them which have a healthful body, for it engendereth Convulsions.  
For it is one of its chief qualities to cause distentions, so finding no excrements in the body it falls upon the solid parts, and especially the nerves.   

APH. 17.  
If he which hath not an Ague doth loath his meat, hath a gnawing of the mouth or the stomach, a darksome giddiness of the brain, and bitterness of the mouth, it signifieth that he had need to be purged upwards.  
For these are three symptoms by which the Physician may know the Patient hath need of being purged upward.   

APH. 18.  
Whosoever having need of hath pains above the Middriff, it is a sign he must be purged upwards, but the pains which are under the same, show a purging downwards to be needful.  
For which way the humour naturally desires to go, that way you must by the help of medicines send it.   

APH. 19  
Those which do not thirst while they are purged by a medicinal potion, shall not leave purging while they do thirst.  
Because the excrements being evacuated, the mouth of the ventricle is dried up which causeth thirst.   

APH. 20.  
If there be gripings about the Navel without a fever, and heaviness of the knees, and pain of the loins, they signify that there is need of purging downward.  
Because that all these symptoms show that the noxious humour's motion and violence is downward.   

APH. 21.  
Black excrements of the belly like unto black blood, coming forth of their own accord, both with a fever, or without, are most evil, and by how much the more the evil colours are, so much the worse, the excrements are. But such things to be expelled out by a medicine is far better, and that by how much the more colours there shall be.  
For if they come out of their own accord it shows there are many ill affected humours in the body, which driven out by physic the body remains sound.   

APH. 22.  
In the beginning of any disease if black choler come forth either above or beneath it is deadly.  
For it signifies that nature is ill affected, which never evacuates superfluous things till they be concocted, wherefore if black choler come forth in the beginning of a disease, it is evacuated by its proper malice and not by the law of Nature.   

APH. 23.  
Those which are pined or brought low by sharp or long diseases, or by wounds, or any other means, and do void black choler or as it were black blood, do die the next day following.  
Namely through the imbecility of faculty, and greatness of the disease.   

APH. 24.  
A Bloody flux if it proceed from black choler is mortal.  
Because it ulcerates the entrails with an ulcered cancer, which can hardly be cured in the outward parts, to which medi caments may be applied; therefore much less there where no such medicaments can be applied.   

APH. 25.  
For blood to be carried upward of what kind soever it be, is an evil sign, but if black blood be avoided downwards it is good.  
For if it be carried upwards, it shows there is some vessel opened, extended, or broken in the upper parts. And in this place by carrying upward is meant through the mouth, not through the nostrils, which for the most part is good.   

APH. 26.  
If any man being afflicted with a bloodyflux, void as it were little pieces of flesh, it is a mortal sign.  
For than the exulceration is so great that it can no way be healed.   

APH. 27.  
To those which have store of blood flowing from what part soever, in fevers, their bodies become come moist after they have been refreshed.  
Because the natural heat is weakened by store of blood flowing, and though here mention be made only of fevers, yet it holds in other diseases likewise.   

APH. 28.  
Those which avoid choleric excrements downward, if deafness come thereupon, they cease from avoiding them. And those which are affected with deafness are cured of it by avoiding of choleric excrements.  
He means not a permanent deafness, for that is not so cured, but of a transitory or supervening deafness caused by choleric humours molesting the brain, which must needs cease when they come down.   

APH. 29.  
If cold shakings happen, to them that are sick of an Ague, the sixt day they have a difficult Crysis, and we cannot well judge of the disease▪  
Because for the most part they presage either death or return of the disease.   

APH. 30.  
In them which are afflicted with fits of Agues, whensoever the Ague shall leave them, if it return the same hour the next day it is wont to have a difficult Crysis, and determination.  
That is to say it will not easily be dissolved.   

APH. 31.  
Imposthumes are caused near the joints, and especially near the jawbones, or mandibles to them which feel weariness or lassitude in fevers.  
Because the heat of the fever having drawn the humours up into the head, when they fall down again the jawbones being very weak cannot expel them to other parts of the body, but there they must rest. And the joints heated by motion attract the humours of the body.   

APH. 32.  
Those which recovering from a disease have a pain in some place shall have Imposthumes or botches in that place.  
He speaks of such as recover and yet have some relics of feverish matter remaining in their bodies.   

APH. 33.  
If any part be pained before the disease, there is the seat of the disease.  
Therefore if it be a principal part, we must endeavour to divert the humours from thence.   

APH. 34.  
If a suffocation of the breath do happen upon a sudden to one afflicted with a fever, no swelling appearing in the jaws or gullet, it is deadly.  
For it is a sign that Phlegm stoppeth his breath and respiration, without which he cannot live.   

APH. 35.  
If to one afflicted with a fever the neck be suddenly turned awry, and he can scarce swallow, and no swelling appear it is deadly  
For it shows there is an inflammation in the muscles lying before the throat, or in the throat itself.   

APH 36.  
Sweats are good to those who are sick of an Ague, if they issue forth the third, fifth, seventh, ninth eleventh, fourteenth, seventeenth, one and twentieth, thirty, and four and thirtieth days, for those sweats work the dissolution of the disease: those which happen otherwise signify pain and length of the disease, or a return of the same.  
For these are the only days of Critical sweats, in which we may be judge of the d●ssolution of the disease.   

APH. 37.  
Cold sweats with a sharp fever betoken death, but with a mild and gentle Ague, length of the disease.  
Because it shows that the patient's body doth so much abound in cold humours, that neither the natural, nor the sharp fever's heat is able to heat them.   

APH. 38▪  
In what part of the body the the sweat is, there is the disease.  
Because in that part, stick the redundant and noxious humours.   

APH. 39  
And in what part of the body there is heat or cold, there the the disease is settled.  
Namely in an excessive manner, and not proceeding from any external cause, for it shows a distemperature contrary to health.   

APH. 40.  
And when alterations do happen in the whole body, and it is sometimes cool, and sometimes hot, or one colour arises after another, it signifies continuance of the disease.  
Because Nature cannot in a short time concoct and subdue several defects or diseases.   

APH. 41.  
Much sweating caused through sleep without any manifest outward cause, signifies that the body is fed with store of food. But if this happen to one that feeds sparingly, it shows that the body wants evacuation.  
By reason of the evil humours and excrements which are the causes of that sweeting.   

APH. 42.  
When there is much sweat cold or hot always issuing forth, the cold signifies a longer, the hot a shorter disease.  
Because it shows the matter to be thin, which nature can easily concoct and shake off.   

APH. 43.  
Continual fevers which afflict every third day more vehemently, and do not cease are the more dangerous, but if they cease and pause in any manner, they signify that there is no present danger.  
For it showeth the Phlegm doth not trouble any noble part, and that no venomous force hath laid siege to any principal part. And natural strength doth recollect itself during the intermission of the fever.   

APH. 44.  
Swellings and pains about the joints are caused to them who are afflicted with long Agues.  
By the humours set●●ng in those places, unless they be carried away by a thick white urine making.   

APH. 45.  
Those which have swellings and pains of the joints after long Ague, feed over liberally.  
For the disease being gone, no other reason can be given for this redundancy of humours.   

APH. 46.  
If a cold shivering fit, the fever being without intermission, do assail the sick man being already weak, it is a deadly sign.  
For it shows nature to be so far spent, that it is able only to stir, but not to thrust out the excrement; or if it doth, the sick man fainteth therewith.   

APH. 47.  
Excrements avoided in fevers not intermittent, by vomit, or spitting, if they be of a leaden colour, bloody, stinking, or choleric, they are all evil: but if they come forth conveniently they are good  
Leaden colour because they signify a mortification of those parts from whence they come; bloody because they signify an opening of some vessels. Stinking because they signify putrefaction. Ch●lerick because they testify abundance of choler.   

APH. 48.  
In continual fevers, if the exterior parts be cold, and the inward burn, and the Patient be thirsty, it is a deadly sign.  
Because the ●eat of that inward part draws all the blood to it, whereby the heart is oppressed.   

APH. 49  
In continual fevers, if the lip, eye, brows, or nose be turned aawry, if the sick man do not see nor hear, which soever of these shall happen, the body being weak, death is near at hand.  
For all these are signs that the moving animal faculty suffereth.   

APH. 50.  
If there happeneth in a continual fever defficulty and hardniss of breathing, with delirium and doting, these signs are deadly.  
Because it signifies that both the brain, and the instruments of breathing do suffer.   

APH. 51.  
Aposthumes in fevers which are not dissolved in the first crisis or judgement signify length of the disease.  
Because they show that there is a multitude of noxious humours, which nature could not expel at one crisis.   

APH. 52.  
It is not absurd to weep and shed tears in fevers and other diseases voluntarily, but to weep against the will is very absurd and inconvenient.  
Because that weeping against the will shows a weakness and imbecility in the retentive faculty.   

APH. 53.  
They have fierce and vehement fevers, who have a tough, and clammy moisture about their teeth in those fevers.  
For those clammy moistures cannot grow there so abundantly without excessive heat which dries up the pituitous humour.   

APH. 54.  
Those who have long lasting dry coughs, in burning fevers, which do not provoke much, are not wont to be very thirsty.  
For by that motion which is made in coughing, there is some humidity drawn from those places which are adjoining to the rough artery.   

APH. 55.  
All fevers proceeding from tumours in the groin, and other adenous parts are evil, except diary fevers which last but one day.  
For those fevers come when those tumours are caused by some outward thing, as some blow or the like, and not by any inward inflammation.   

APH. 56.  
Sweat coming often upon one sick of an Ague not ceasing, is evil, for the disease is prolonged, and it signifieth that there is much moisture.  
Which abundance of moisture asketh nature much time to concoct and disperse.   

APH▪ 57  
If o●e have Convulsions, or Cramps, a fever coming dissolveth them:  
Because the fever doth heat, extenuate, and shake off those cold humours which filled up the nervous parts.   

APH▪ 58.  
If a cold shaking fit doth come upon him which hath a burning fever, it dissolveth it.  
For a burning fever being caused by choler putrifying in the veins, and a cold shaking, by the cholers being swiftly carried about the sensible parts of the body, it shows that the choler is come out of the veins, to the skin.   

APH. 59  
An exquisite and perfect Tertian fever cometh to his crisis or state, in seven circuits or fits, at the utmost.  
An exquisite Tertian is that which is caused by yellow choler carried up and down the sensible parts of the body, keeping its nature pure and sincere.   

APH. 60.  
Those that wax deaf and thick of hearing through fevers, are delivered from it, by flux of blood at the nose, or by the belly.  
It is no marvel if diseases cease, when the noxious humours are translated or carried away.   

APH. 61.  
Unless the fever leave the patient in the odd days, it is accustomed to return again.  
If this Aphorism should speak of all fevers it were false: if of acute and continual fevers it is true.   

APH. 62.  
Those which have the yellow jaundice upon Agues before the seventh day have an evil sign.  
Because the yellow jaundice proceeds from the inflammation of the Liver.   

APH. 63.  
Those fevers which have their shaking fits every day are every day dissolved.  
Yet there remains some fire whereby the paroxysm is renewed.   

APH. 64.  
It is a good thing for them which have the yellow-jaundice coming on them in fevers on the 7 day, ninth, eleventh, or fourteenth, unless the right Hypocondrium be hard, for than it is evil.  
For the Hypocondrium being hard signifies there is an inflammation of the Liver.   

APH. 65.  
In fevers a vehement heat about the Stomach, and a gnawing about the heart is bad.  
Because it signifies an ebullition of choler in the tunicles of the ventricle or stomach.   

APH. 66▪  
Convulsions and vehement pains about the bowels in sharp fevers are evil.  
For vehement fevers dry and stretch the nerves like fire, and by the same vehemence of heat and drought, the bowels are pained.   

APH▪ 67.  
In fevers great fears or Convulsions after sleep do prognosticate evil.  
For fears signify the repletion of the head with melancholy humours and Convulsions, abundance of phlegmatic humours.   

APH. 68  
The breath not keeping its due course, is evil: for it doth signify convulsion.  
Caused by the over-drying of the muscles and nerves which move the stomach   

APH. 69.  
Urines in a fever being thick, clotted, and little in quantity, do profit them that make them, if afterwards, thin urine, and much in quantity be avoided by them. But those urines most commonly become such, in which the hypostasis or sediment shall appear presently after they are made, or not long after.  
Because the gross humours causing the fever are expelled in the humour, which makes the urine which comes afterwards to be thin in respect of that.   

APH 70.  
Those who have their water troubled or unclean in Agues, such as are the waters of cattle, have or shall have headaches.  
Because the windy or flatuous spirit is easily drawn up into the head together with heat.   

APH. 71.  
Those which shall have their crisis or alteration of the disease the seventh day, have a little red cloud in the urine the fourth day, and other things thereunto belonging accordingly.  
These red clouds are seldom seen, though the white be frequent, and are both of them signs of concoction.   

APH. 72.  
Urines very clear and white are bad, especially in those who are afflicted with frenzies.  
Because such urines are signs of an extreme crudity. And Galen saith he never knew any one who was afflicted with a frenzy, and made such water, saved.   

APH. 73.  
Those which have an inflation of the Hypoco●dria, and a rumbling pain of the loins succeeding, have their bellies moistened & loosened except the wind break forth downwards, or store of urine do issue forth. And these things happen in fevers.  
Namely in essential, not symptomatical fevers, and such as are diseases of themselves.   

APH. 74.  
Those that have hope of Aposthumations to come about the joints, much urine thick and white doth deliver from the apostume, such as is wont to be avoided in painful fevers the fourth day: when also blood shall be voided out of the nostrils, there shall be a dissolution & deliverance speedily.  
For those urines purge out the humours which would cause the aposthumations, and especially if there be a bleeding at the nostrils joined, for then the causes issue out two ways.   

APH. 75.  
If any piss blood or filthy matter, it signifies an exulceration of the Kidneys or bladder.  
That is, if he do it for a continuance, for otherwise it may proceed from some other cause   

APH. 76.  
Those which have small pieces of flesh, or as it were hairs issuing forth together with thick urine, do avoid those excrements from the Kidneys.  
Those small pieces of flesh are part of the reins or kidneys, and are a manifest sign of their being ulcerated, but the hairs are only bred there, but are no part of them.   

APH. 77.  
Those which avoid thick urine with certain things like bran, have their bladder infected with scabbedness.  
If the defect be not in the veins for such stuff comes sometime from them.   

APH. 78.  
If any piss blood on a sudden, it is a sign there is some vein of the Kidneys broken.  
Namely mere and pure blood, and without any external cause.   

APH. 79.  
They in whose urine appeareth an hypostasis or sediment full of sand, have their bladder troubled with the stone.  
This Aphorism is mutilated and defective, for the sand may come as well from the kidneys as from the bladder.   

APH. 80.  
If any one piss blood or clots of blood, and make his water by drops having pain in that part of the belly (which is between the Navel and the secret parts) named hypogastrion: or at the seam line of the skin of the cod, called perinaeum, and at the place called pecten (where the hair about the privy members groweth) than the places about the bladder are diseased.  
Namely all the parts belonging to the bladder, and not the bladder only.   

APH. 81.  
If any one piss blood or filthy matter, or little scales, and there be also a stinking or strong smell, it betokens an exulceration of the bladder.  
The two first accidents may happen upon the exulceration of any of the instruments serving to make water, but the scales and stink are proper signs of the bladder being ill-affected.   

APH. 82.  
Those which have an apostume bred in the urinary passage, are delivered from it, the same being brought to suppuration and broken.  
Which suppuration and breaking, gives the urine free passage.   

APH. 83.  
Voiding of much urine in the night doth signify small evacuation of excrements by the Fundament.  
He makes particular mention of the night, because at that time by reason of the sleep Nature is most busy about her concoction and distribution.    

SECT: V.  
The Argument.  
This fift Book or Section is variable, yet it doth almost wholly entreat of the diseases of women, and of the good and bad dispositions of the womb.  

APHORISM. 1.  
A Convulsion after taking Hellebore is deadly.  
Namely after white Hellebore, and that for five causes. First by reason of the agreement which is ●etween the nerves and the mouth of the stomach. Secondly by reason of the biting humours which it draws to the mouth of the stomach. Thirdly by reason of the abundant evacuation the Hellebore causeth. Fourthly, by reason of the attractive faculty by which it draws the moistness from the nerves. And fiftly because it vehemently dries up the substance of the nerves.   

APH. 2.  
A Convulsion caused by a wound is deadly.  
Not always but for the most part.   

APH. 3.  
The Hicket, or a Convulsion after a copious flux of blood is evil.  
Because of the great emptiness caused by the copious flux of blood, and because the Hicket is caused by a depraved motion of the ventricle.   

APH. 4.  
After an immoderate purgation, a Convulsion or Hicket is evil.  
For the same reason that they are evil after taking of Hellebore. Aph. 1.   

APH. 5.  
If one that is drunk suddenly fall dumb, he shall die with a Convulsion unless he be taken with a fever, or presently recover his speech as soon as his surfeit is dissolved  
Obj. How can wine being hot cause a Convulsion which is a cold disease?  
A. Wine is hot moderately taken, over abundantly cold as a little oil poured upon a fire will increase it, but an over abonnding quantity thrown upon a little will put it out.   

APH. 6.  
Those who are taken with a Cramp or distention called Tetanus, die within four days, or if they overpass them they recover.  
Because it is a sign that nature hath overcome the disease.   

APH. 7.  
The falling sickness, which is before ripeness of years may be cured: but that which comes after five and twenty years of age for the most part accompanies us to death.  
By ripeness of years he means 25 years of age, yet they are not all curable before that age, unless they take a care in dieting themselves.   

APH. 8.  
Those which have a pleurisy, unless they be purged upwards within fourteen days, shall have their disease turned into an impostume  
Namely spitting and purging such matter upward.   

APH. 9  
A Consumption likely happeneth in that age which is from the 18 to the 35.  
Namely that Consumption which comes by an exulceration of the Lungs.   

APH. 10.  
Those who have the evil cause of the Squinancy and escape it, that evil passeth to the Lungs, and they die within seven days, but if they escape, the humour imposthumates.  
And if that imposthumated humour be not purged out it breeds a Consumption.   

APH. 11.  
If the spital which they void by coughing that are affected with a Consumption, do stink vehemently being cast upon the coals, and the hairs of the head do fall off, it is a deadly sign.  
For the more faculties are weakened in so much the worser case the Patient is.   

APH. 12.  
If a flux of the belly happen to them, which have their hair falling away by a Consumption; death is near at hand.  
Because it proceeding from weakness also, it shows a further weakening of the natural faculties.   

APH. 13.  
Those which cough forth frothy blood, do retch and draw the same out of the Lungs.  
And it is part of the very substance and flesh of the Lungs.   

APH. 14.  
If a flux of the belly happen to him which is in a Consumption it is deadly.  
This affirms what was said before Aph. 12 and moreover that a flux of the belly added to a Consumption, is alone sufficient to kill without falling away of the hair.   

APH. 15.  
Those which are infected with an impostume by a pleurisy, if they be purged from the corrupt matter within forty days after the breaking of the impostume are cured, or otherwise they pass into a Consumption.  
For the matter will otherwise be so putrified that it will perish the lungs   

APH. 16.  
Hot water too often used, bringeth these discommodities: tenderness of the flesh, distemperature of the sinews, heaviness, and stupefaction of the mind, fluxes of blood, faintings and swoonings; and to these things succeeds death  
Hippocrates here wisheth us to shun; the excessive use of any thing, though never so temperate.   

APH. 17.  
The use of cold water, bringeth Convulsions, distentions or Cramps, blackness, and cold Aguish shakings.  
This is also not of the use simply but of the immoderate use of cold water.   

APH. 18.  
Cold water is hurtful to the bones, teeth, sinews, brain, and marrow of the back. But that which is hot is good and profitable.  
All the parts here rehearsed are by nature the coldest.   

APH. 19  
We must heat those things which are over cold, except those which pour forth or are inclined to pour forth blood abundantly.  
For when there are more diseases than one coupled together, we must make haste to cure that first which is most urgent.   

APH. 20.  
Cold water biteth and nippeth Ulcers, hardeneth the skin, hindereth a soreness from maturation of the corrupt matter, causeth blackness, bringeth forth cold shivering fits of Agues, Convulsions, and distentions of the sinews.  
This Aphorism relates some other hurts which cold water doth.   

APH. 21.  
Notwithstanding there is some time when in the Cramp without an ulcer in a well fleshed young man in the midst of Summer, plentiful pouring out of cold water, doth call back the heat, and so the heat dissolves the Cramp.  
This is not done by any virtue of its, but accidentally by drawing the natural heat outward in such well fleshed young men.   

APH. 22.  
Hot water yieldeth unto us a great token of security and safety, when it causeth suppuration, yet not in all Ulcers. It softeneth and mollifieth the skin, and maketh it thin, it doth appease pain, it mitigateth and assawageth cold shakeings, Convulsions and distentions: It dissolveth the heaviness of the head: It profiteth broken bones very much; especially if they be bare without flesh, and principally in the head, if they be ulcerated: it profiteth those things which are mortified, and ulcerated through cold, eating Ulcers in the Fundament, privy members, womb, and bladder. To all those hot water is a friend, and of good judgement; but cold water is an enemy and destroyer.  
Not in all ulcers, because some will not be brought to supuration by heat   

APH. 23.  
We must use cold water to those sores from whence blood doth issue, or is about to issue, yet not to the same place, but near to it. And if any inflammation or burning of the parts, do incline to a red and bloody colour, with fresh clear blood, apply cold water to them, but if the inflammations be inveterate and old it maketh them black. It helpeth the inflammation called Erysipelas, if it be not ulcerated, for if it be it hurteth it.  
Now he relates what things cold water is good for.   

APH. 24.  
Cold things, as Snow and Ice are hurtful to the breast, they procure coughs, they cause ruptures of the veins, and produce rheums.  
He hath spoken of the effects of cold water, now he speaks of the hurt which other cold things do.   

APH. 25.  
Cold water poured out abundantly, doth ease and diminish the tumours and pains of the joints, which are without ulceration. And also gouty swellings and pains, and Convulsions for the most part, and dissolveth the dolour, and diminisheth it. for a small benumbing hath the force of dissolving and putting away of pan.  
The end of this, phorism is a reason of the whole Aphorisms assertion. As if he should say a little benumbing puts away pain; cold water benumbeth, therefore, etc▪   

APH. 26.  
Water that is quickly made hot, and quickly cools, is most light.  
He means not by weight, but he speaks of that water which doth not long burden the belly, and quickly passeth through.   

APH. 27  
It is good for them who desire to drink in the night, to fall asleep when they are very thirsty.  
Because sleep concocts the food, which being concocted engenders blood, which nourishes and moistens the parts of the body.   

APH. 28.  
A Fumigation of odoriferous spices brings forth womens' terms: and would be also profitable for many other things, if it did not breed heaviness of the head.  
For it doth excite the expulsive faculty of the womb, and open the obstructions of the veins which touch the womb.   

APH. 29.  
Thou shalt pruge a woman with child if necessity require, the 4th. month after conception, until the 7th month, though those that come near the 7th, not so much: but the conception being younger or elder thou shalt abstain.  
This Aphorism is the same with the first of the fourth Section.   

APH. 30.  
A woman with child, a vein being opened aborteth, and so much the rather if the conception be of any bigness.  
Because it taketh away part of its food, namely the conceptions.   

APH. 31.  
It is pernicious and deadly if a woman great with child be taken with any sharp disease.  
For large feeding will kill the mother by increasing the disease, and little store of food will starve the conception.   

APH. 32.  
A woman is cured from vomiting blood, by her monthly terms issuing forth.  
By the Physicians drawing down the blood to the lower parts.   

APH. 33.  
A flux of blood at the nose is good for a woman whose monthly terms do fail contrary to the course of nature.  
For if this happen not contrary to the course of nature, such a failing is nothing.   

APH. 34.  
If the belly be very laxative and loose to a woman with child, there is danger fo abortment.  
Because the food is not distributed to the liver and other parts of the body, so that the food is taken away from the conception as when she is let blood.   

APH. 35.  
Sneesing happening to a woman grieved with suffocations of the womb, or that hath a difficult deliverance, is good.  
For by a vehement shaking of nature, it excites it, redintegrates the natural heat which was almost extinguished, and shakes off such noxious humours as hanged upon some part of the body.   

APH. 36.  
The monthly courses being discoloured, and not coming forth always in the same manner and time, declare a purgation to be necessary for the woman.  
To purge those humours which cause the discolouration, and the alteration of time.   

APH▪ 37.  
If the paps be suddenly extenuated and become lank, to a woman with child abortment doth follow  
This also happeneth, for want of food for the conceived child.   

APH. 38.  
If one of the dugs be extenuated and become lank to a woman conceived with child with twins, she bringeth forth one of them before the due time; and if the right dug become slender, she bringeth forth the male, if the left, the female.  
For likewise the male conceptions lie on the right side, the female on the left: as is set down Aph. 48.   

APH▪ 39  
If any woman, neither with child nor having been delivered of child have milk in her breasts, her monthly courses have failed her.  
The blood which should have turned to monthly terms, turning to milk in the breasts.   

APH. 40.  
Women in whose dugs there is blood heaped together, will be mad  
For that blood is very bilious, which striking up into the head, causeth madness.   

APH. 41.  
If you will know whether a woman have conceived or no, give her a potion of honey and water mixed together going to sleep, and if she feel gripings and wringings of the belly, she hath conceived, if she do not, she hath not conceived  
For such a potion is very windy, and the woman having conceived her womb doth press down, and keep together the entrails.   

APH. 42  
If a woman conceived with child, bear a male she is fresh and well-coloured, if she bare a female she is ill-colored.  
This Aphorism is one of those which for the most part are true, though not always.   

APH. 43.  
If the inflammation called Erysipelas be bred in the womb, if the woman be with child, it proves deadly.  
One reason is because the chief cure for an Erysipelas is letting of blood and that must not be done to a woman with child for fear of an abortment, Aph. 30.   

APH. 44.  
Those women which are very lean contrary to nature, and do bear children, do suffer untimely deliverance until they grow fatter  
Because that food which should be for the child in the womb, goes to the nourishing of the mother.   

APH. 45.  
Those women which being reasonable fat, and make abortion the second or third month without any manifest cause, have the ends of those vessels which come to the womb called acetabula or Cotylidons full of a pituitous or phlegmy humour, neither can they contain the conception coming to any weight, but they being broken it falleth down.  
whereby she must of necessity abort   

APH. 46.  
Those which are fatter than nature requires and cannot conceive have the orifice of the womb compressed and closed together by the fat Call of the guts, and cannot until they grow leaner.  
He means the inward orifice of the womb for it hath two.   

APH. 47.  
If the womb shall Aposthumate in that part where it lieth near the hip or hucklebone, it must be cured with tents dipped in a liquid medicine called in Greek Emmoton.  
It must be thus cured the sore being first broken either by art or nature.   

APH. 48.  
Men children for the most part lie on the right side of the womb and females on the left side.  
This is because the womb is warmer on the right side, by reason of its vicinity to the Liver.   

APH. 49.  
A medicine procuring sneezing put into the nostrils doth drive and force out the Secundine, so that you stop the nostrils and mouth, close with the hand.  
Which if it remained would putrify there, and with the stench offend the head.   

APH. 50.  
If a woman will stay her courses apply a very great cupping-glass under her breasts.  
For there be veins which come up thither from the inferior parts.   

APH. 51.  
Those women which are conceived with child, have the orifice of the womb shut and closed up.  
That the air may not get in and corrupt the seed, and that the heat of the womb may not get out.   

APH. 52.  
If milk flow plentifully out of the dugs of a woman bearing a child in her womb it signifieth that the child is weak: but if the paps be hard and stiff, they declare a stronger conception.  
Because it shows in the former part that the child is not able to draw it for his own nutriment. But when they are solid it shows it hath nutriment enough, and that which superabounds goes to the breasts, and is there turned into milk.   

APH 53.  
The dugs and paps become slender and lank to those women which shall abort: but contrarily if they become hard, pain shall molest the paps, hips, eyes, or knees, but they shall not suffer abortment.  
Because of the superfluous matter which is brought thither from the womb.   

APH. 54.  
Those women which have the mouth of the womb hard, must of necessity have it shut up.  
This Aphorism had been better placed immediately after the Aphorism 51.   

APH. 55.  
Child-bearing women which are taken with fevers, or are brought to a low state without any manifest cause, do bring forth their birth painfully, and with danger: or are in danger of life by an untimely deliverance.  
Because it shows a great weakness or imbecility in them.   

APH 56.  
If a Convulsion, or swooning happen to a woman, in her flux of monthly terms, it is an evil thing  
If they be vehement or last long, it may be deadly because the womb is exhausted and draws all the noble parts into a sympathy with it.   

APH. 57  
womens' terms flowing immoderately, diseases are engendered; and being suppressed or stopped, diseases happen from the womb.  
By their immoderate evacuation, the whole body is cooled, and its forces weakened, if they be stopped, in progress of time, excremental humours gather together in the womb.   

APH. 58.  
The strangury or dropping out of the urine doth happen by the inflammation of the straight gut, and likewise of the womb, or if the reins be ulcerated. But if the liver be inflamed, the Hicket succeeds.  
By reason of the vicinity of the bladder to the straigbt gut and the womb, and because of the purulent matter of the reins passing through the bladder: and the hicket is caused by a high inflammation of the liver because it swells the liver, and oppresses the ventricle, and the bilious humour falling from the liver comes into the ventricle.   

APH. 59  
If a woman do not conceive, and thou wouldest know if she shall conceive at all, let her be wrapped round about with clothes, & make a fume under the lower parts, and if the scent be perceived to pass through her body to her nostrils, and her mouth, know that she is not barren by any default in herself.  
Because then the body is clear of all vicious humours, and the womb itself is in a good temper.   

APH. 60.  
If the monthly purgations keep their course in a woman that is with child, it is impossible that the conception should be well.  
Because it wants its aliment and food, being fed by that menstruous blood all the while it is in the womb.   

APH. 61.  
If a woman's monthly courses stop, and she have neither shivering cold nor Ague coming upon her, and she loathe her meat, make account that she is conceived.  
For at the first conceiving of a woman, the child cannot make use of those courses for its food.   

APH. 62.  
Those women which have their womb cold and dry do not conceive, nor those which have it over moist, for the seed is extinguished and perished in them. Also those women cannot conceive which have those places over dry and hot, for the seed corrupts for want of nourishment. But those women which have obtained a moderate temperature of the places in respect of both the oppositions and contrarieties they are fruitful.  
This Aphorism by right should be placed next to the 59 Aph.   

APH. 63.  
The same consideration and reason is likewise to be respected in men men, for either through the spongy substance of the body, the spirits are dissipated and scattered abroad so that the seed cannot be cast forth; or else the humour doth not issue forth because of its grossness or thickness; or else because of coldness it doth not grow hot, to be collected in its proper place▪ or by the means of heat, the very self same thing may happen.  
This Aphorism is held to be spurious, and none of Hippocrates, both by Galen and others.   

APH. 64.  
It is not good to give milk to those who are troubled with the headache, or with Agues, nor to those who are troubled with flatus Hypocondriacus, nor to those who are troubled with thirst. It is also nought for them which avoid choleric excrements downwards, or to those which have sharp fevers, or have had some copious evacuation of blood. But it is good for those which are in a Consumption, so they be not troubled with any vehement fever. It is also good for long lingering and mild Agues, so there be none of the sore spoken of signs. And those who are brought low without any apperant reason or occasion,  
The particular reasons for these particular assertions may be seen at large in Galen, Fuchsius, and Heurnius Comments, which would be too long to rehearse here.   

APH. 65  
They are seldom troubled with Convulsions or madness, which have apparent tumours with their ulcers. But Convulsions and distentions happen to them to whom the tumours shall suddenly vanish away, if they happen on the hinder part of the body. But if they happen on the fore part, there happeneth madness, vehement pain of the side▪ suppuration or spitting of matter, and the bloodyflux.  
Because the humours reside there. And if they go away by degrees also there is no danger for it shows, that the noxious humours are shaken off and dissolved.   

APH. 66.  
If no tumour nor swelling appear in great and bad wounds, it is a great evil  
Because it signifies a passing of the noxious humours to the principal parts.   

APH. 67.  
Soft tumours are good, raw and indigested ones evil.  
Because the first signify there is a concoction, and in the second there is none.   

APH. 68  
To one who hath a pain in the hinder part of his head, the vena recta in the forehead being opened doth good.  
The vena recta is that which is over against that which is opposite to that vein which nourisheth the part which is evil affected, so the opening of it doth both evacuate and divert the noxious humours.   

APH. 69.  
Cold shakings and shiverings for the most part do begin to women from the loins, and through the back come to the head. But to men they do rather begin in the back part then in the forepart, as from the hinder part of the thighs and from the elbows; the rarity and thinness of the skin is a token thereof, which thing, the hair there growing, doth declare and manifest.  
For the thicker the skin is, the l●ss will hair grow upon it.   

APH. 70.  
Those which are taken with a Quartan Ague are not at all taken with Convulsions: but if before they have been taken, upon the coming of the quartan, they are delivered.  
He means here such Convulsions as come by repletion of the nervous parts, with thin and pituitous humours, which by a quartan are both expelled and concocted   

APH. 71.  
Those who have their skin acide, and dry, die without sweating, but those who have a loose and open skin, end their life with sweat.  
He speaks here of those who have a fever.   

APH. 72.  
Those that are diseased with the jaundice are not much molested, with windiness.  
By reason of the heat and strength of the parts belonging to the stomach, which causeth them to concoct the food fully and perfectly.    

SECT. VI.  
The Argument.  
This Section doth almost altogether concern that part of the Art which foretelleth good and evil things to happen in diseases.  

APHORISM. 1.  
IN a long lubricity and slipperiness of the guts, if a sowerish belching do happen, which was not before, it is a good sign.  
For it signifies, that now the food remains a while in the stomach, till such time at least as it begins to concoct.   

APH. 2.  
Those which have their nostrils more moist than others by nature, and their seed also do enjoy their health but badly; but those which have the contrary properties, are more healthful.  
By the nostrils he means the brains which purge that way, and by the humidity of the Seed, the humidity of the whole body, the seed coming from the blood.   

APH. 3.  
In long fluxes of the bowels, loathing of meat is evil, and with a fever it is worser.  
Because it signifies a mortification of the nourishing faculty.   

APH. 4.  
Ulcers which are every way smooth and bald.  
Because of an evil humour lying in the bottom, which eats up the roots of the hair, as salt earth doth the herbs roots which grow on it.   

APH. 5.  
In the pains of the sides, breast, and other parts, we must consider whether they increase or differ much, or keep at a stay.  
Whither they differ namely in their kind, or in their vehemency, whether they be pricking▪ stretching, or provoking.   

APH. 6.  
The diseases and infirmities of the Kidneys and Bladder are of hard and difficult curation in old men.  
●hich old age begins at fifty years which Hippocrates confirms in his sixt Book Epidemion where he saith he never saw or knew an ulcer of the reins or bladder cured after fifty years of age.   

APH. 7.  
Dolours and pains of the besly being aloft and in the upper part are more light & easy, those which are not aloft are more vehement.  
We must understand this word aloft not according to the length and height of the body, but according to its depth and thickness, so be those which are not aloft, he means those which are next to the back.   

APH. 8.  
Ulcers or sores in the body of those which are diseased with the dropsy, are not easily cured.  
For an ulcer cannot be cured until it be exactly dried, which cannot easily be done in those who have the dropsy, by reason of their superabundant humidity.   

APH. 9  
Broad wheals are not very full of itching.  
For they are not bred by such hot humours as those which are narrow and high.   

APH. 10.  
Corrupt matter, water or blood issuing out, by the nostrils, mouth or ears, dissolveth and cureth a vehement and grievous headache.  
If that the pain proceed from inflammation, or abundance of crude humours gathered in the head, for if it proceed from other causes, there must be other cures.   

APH. 11▪  
The Haemorroides happening to those, which are troubled with melancholy and pain of the Kidneys are good.  
Both by reason of the evacuation, and because they evacuate such humours as ought to be evacuated.   

APH. 12.  
Unless in the cures of Haemorroides which have long continued there be one vein kept open, it is to be feared that a dropsy or Convulsion will shortly▪ follow.  
That nature may by that means purge out those evil humours which remain.   

APH. 13.  
The Hick●● troubling us is put away by sneezing.  
If the said Hicket was caused by fullness For by sneezing not only the brain: but the stomach also, by reason of the nerves derived unto it, is vehemently shaken, whereby the humours exciting the Hicket are evacuated.   

APH▪ 14.  
If in him who hath a dropsy if the water flow from the veins into the belly, the disease is dissolved.  
If Nature or physic make evacuation of it from thence.   

APH. 15.  
Vomiting coming by the mere benefit of nature dissolveth and riddeth away a long flux or looseness of the belly.  
By reason of the retraction and drawing back of the humours which 〈◊〉 downward.   

APH. 16.  
A looseness of the belly, to one afflicted with a pleurisy or inflammation of the Lungs is an evil thing.  
Because it signifies the liver to be so affected, by the consent of those parts which serve for respiration, that through weakness it is not able to draw the aliment to itself, and convert it into blood.   

APH. 17.  
It is good for him who hath a waterish dropping and running of the eyes, if he be taken with a flux and looseness of the belly.  
Whereby Hippocrates shows us a convenient way how to cure such eyes, namely by drawing the humours which cause the disease downwards   

APH. 18.  
It is a deadly thing when the bladder is wounded, or the brain, or the heart, the midriff, any small gut, the stomach or Liver.  
The Greek word for wounded is here {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} which signifies deep wounded; for otherwise some of those parts have been wounded and cured as Galen saith.   

APH. 19  
A bone perished or cut off, a cartilege, gristle, or sinew, or any little parcel of the eyelid, or of the foreskin, being diminished, do not grow or join together.  
Yet they may be knit together by some other kind of substance as we see in bones.   

APH. 20.  
If blood flow contrary to nature into any concavity it corrupteth and is putrified of necessity.  
That is, into any other concavity besides the veins and arteries.   

APH. 21.  
If the swellings of veins in the legs, called varices; or the Haemorroides, shall happen to them which are mad, their madness is dissolved.  
Because nature drives those humours which cause madness into the more ignoble parts.   

APH. 22.  
Breaches or fluxes of humours, which descend from the back to the elbow, are dissolved by opening of a vein.  
By reason that those humours are thereby evacuated.   

APH. 23.  
If fear and sadness continue long, it is a sign of melancholy.  
Namely without any outward cause, for those who are sad or fearful for any outward cause, their sadness and fear do not commonly last long; but if they do, they will turn to melancholy, if not to madness.   

APH. 24▪  
If any small or slender gut be pierced, it doth not grow together again.  
This was spoken Aphorism 18. wherefore Galen and Heurnius would have it expunged.   

APH. 25.  
If the choleric tumour Erysipulas being outward be returned inwards, it is evil; but if being inwards, it is turned outward, it is a good thing.  
By this example Hippocrates shows that it is good to have all sores and diseases of tbe body to come from the noble and inward parts to the ignoble and outward ones.   

APH. 26.  
Those burning fevers are dissolved with dotage or raving, in which are trembling shakings.  
They are indeed dissolved, but that dissolution at last brings a general dissolution of the body by death   

APH. 27  
If the corruption, matter, or water do flow out altogether at once from them which are burnt or cauterised, or cut by the chirurgeon for the cure of the inward aposthumation between▪ the lungs and the breast, or of the dropsy, than the diseased shall questionless die▪  
By these examples Hippocrates shows that all total evacuations made at once, are noxious and deadly.   

APH. 28.  
Eunuchs or gelded men, are neither troubled with the Gout, nor with baldness.  
Because in Hippocrates time they used a very good diet, and lived very temperately they were not troubled with the gout, though now adays they be, and their not being bald comes from their native moisture, which makes them have a very thick skin.   

APH. 29.  
A woman is not troubled with the Gout unless her monthly terms fail her.  
The same reasons may be alleged for women as were set down in the former, for Eunuchs. But if her terms fail her, than the superfluous humours being driven to the outward parts may cause it.   

APH. 30.  
A boy is not troubled with the Gout till he hath used Venery.  
unless it come through their seed, or if the parents have had the French pox.   

APH. 31.  
Drinking of strong wine, a ba●●, a fomentation, phlebotomy, or a purgation doth cure the pain of the eyes.  
According as the cause of the disease is, so must the manner of the taking of it away be various.   

APH. 32.  
Those which strammer are for the most part taken with a long flux of the belly.  
Because stammering shows an extraordinary humidity of the tongue, whereof the ventricle of necessity participates.   

APH. 33.  
Those which have sour belchings are not much subject to a pleurisy.  
Because sour belching is a sign of much phlegm, and the pleurisy for the most part invades those who are troubled with much choler.   

APH. 34.  
Great swelling veins in the legs called varices, are not incident to them who lose their hair, and if they happen to have varices whose hair do fall, their hair will grow again.  
Because those vicious humours which before corrupted the hair, are now gone down into the legs.   

APH. 35.  
If a cough come upon those which are troubled with a dropsy it is an evil thing.  
For it signifies the watery humour to be so increased, that it hath seized upon the rough artery, and so causeth danger of suffocation.   

APH. 36.  
Phlebotomy cureth the difficulty of making urine, but we must open the inward veins.  
Namely that difficulty which proceeds from inflammation or fullness   

APH. 37.  
If a tumour appear in the neck to him that is troubled with a Squinancy or Quinzy, it is good.  
Because the humours are come from the inward parts to the outward.   

APH. 38.  
Those who have hidden or deep Cancers are not to be cured of them; for they which are healed die soon, and those which are not healed, live longer.  
For fear of provoking or irritating them.   

APH▪ 39  
A Convulsion is caused by repletion or evacuation. So is also the Hicket.  
Namely when the nerves are filled with some thick or clammy humour, or over dried. And the Hicket is said by Galen to be as it were a Convulsion of the stomach.   

APH. 40.  
They who have pain about the the hypocondrium without an inflammation are cured by a fever happening to them.  
Because the humours which caused it are dissolved by the heat of the fever.   

APH. 41.  
If a suppuration or corrupt matter, hidden in the body doth not show itself, it is by reason either of its own thickness, or of that part of the body's thickness where it lies hidden.  
Yet we may find that there is such corrupt matter hidden by two signs namely by the pain, and by a fever which it causeth.   

APH. 42.  
If the Liver wax hard to them which are affected with the yellow-jaundice, it is an evil sign.  
For it signifies there is either a hard tumour or an inflammation in the Liver   

APH. 43.  
The splenetic which are taken with a bloodyflux in the bowel, do die of the dropsy, or a slipperiness of the bowels, following a long flux.  
By splenetic he means those who have a tumour in the spleen, bred there, by a melancholy humour.   

APH. 44.  
They die within seven days, to whom the disease called Ileos' or pain in the small guts shall happen after a strangury: unless a fever supervening, store of urine issue forth.  
For the Fe●●●er with its heat concocts and ex●●●●ates the thick humours, so that they may go out through the passage of the urine.   

APH. 45.  
If ulcers continue a year or longer, the bone of necessity must grow foul, and the Cicatrices be hollow.  
Because the bone being perished under, the flesh cannot grow up again as was said Aph. 19 of this Section.   

APH. 46.  
Those which become crook-backed by shortness of wind, or a cough before they attain to ripeness of years, do die quickly.  
Because their breast or bulk doth not increase as their lungs and heart doth, they must in a short time to suffocated.   

APH. 47.  
Those are to be let blood or purged in the Spring time, to whom opening of a vein or purging may do good.  
For the Spring time being temperate is most fit for purging or letting blood.   

APH. 48.  
The difficulty of the intestines & guts, coming upon them which are diseased with the spleen is good.  
Because the thick and melancholy humours are thereby eva●uated as Aph. 4●   

APH. 49.  
Gouty diseases, the inflammation being assuaged, within forty days' decease.  
For the inflammation will be cured within forty days, if the physician prescribe right, and the patient be truly obedient.   

APH. 50.  
It must needs be, that a fever, and Vomiting of choler must come upon them, which have their brain wounded.  
A fever, because any principal members inflammation causeth a fever, and the vomiting of choler because of the consent and agreement which is between the brain and the stomach, to which some of the great nerves descend from the brain.   

APH. 51.  
Those which are in health being suddenly taken with the headache, and presently become dumb and snort, die within seven days, unless a fever come upon them in the mean while.  
Because the fever heats, attenuates and resolves the windy spirit and the pituitous humours which cause these symptoms.   

APH. 52.  
We must consider in their sleeps if any part of the eyes appear; for if any of the white of them appears, the eye lids not being fast closed, if it do not happen by a Flux of the belly, or by the taking of some medicinal potion, it is an evil and very deadly sign.  
If it happen not through some external cause, for it signifies an imbecility of the faculty which moves the eye lids.   

APH. 53.  
That doting which is done with aughter is not so dangerous, as that which is done with earnest sadness.  
For it does not proceed from so adust a Choler, as that which is done with earnest sadness.   

APH. 54.  
Painful breathings in sharp diseases with a fever, as it were of such as sigh, and mourn, are evil.  
For it signifies either a hardness of the nerves or muscles, or a weakeness of natural strength, or some affect that causeth pain, or is convulsory.   

APH. 55.  
Pain of the Gout do most commonly afflict, and are provoked in the Spring and Autumn.  
In Spring because the humours gathered together in the winter are expelled from the stronger parts to the weaker; and in Autumn by reason of its inequality, and because the evil humours gathered together by eating of fruits in Summer▪ settle in those we akest parts.   

APH. 56.  
The falling down of humours are very dangerous in melancholy diseases at those seasons. And declare an apoplexy, or a convulsion, or maddness or blindness.  
If they fall down to the ventricles of the brain, they cause an apoplexy if to the nerves a convulsion, if to the substance of the brain madness, if to the eyes blindness.   

APH 57,  
Apoplexies are caused most especially from the fortieth to the sixtieth year.  
He means those Apoplexies which proceed from melancholy, which in those times abound in our bodies.   

APH. 58▪  
If the Call hang forth of the body, it must of necessity putrefy.    

SECT: VII.  
The Argument.  
This seventh Section is altogether prognostical and foretelling things to come, and herein he intreateth of presages of health and death.  

APHORISM. 1.  
COldness of the extreme parts in sharp diseases is evil.  
Because is shows there is a mighty ●nflamation in some of the inward parts, which like a cupping glass draws all the blood to it, and so leaves the extreme parts cold.   

APH. 2.  
Flesh black and blue because of a foul diseased bone, is an evil thing,  
For it shows there is a great putrefaction of the bone, and extinction of the natural heat.   

APH, 3.  
The hicket and redness of the eyes after vomiting are evil  
For these two together show there is a great inflammation, either in the ventricle or the brain.   

APH. 4▪  
After sweat, cold shiverings and shakings are not good.  
For it is a sign that nature is weak, and that the sweat hath not had power to drive out all the noxious humours.   

APH. 5.  
After madness, a bloody Flux, the dropsy, or an extansy or trane is good.  
For it signifieth that the noxious humours are gone from the head to the lower parts   

APH. 6.  
Abhorring of meat in a long disease, and the excrements avoided down without mixture of humours, are evil.  
Because, it shows the inbecility of the concocting faculty, and that all natural humidity is dried up by the seaverish heat.   

APH. 7.  
Cold shakings, and fond dotings, after much drinking of wine are evil▪  
The first by reason, it is a sign that the native heat is extinguished by the much drinking of wine. And the doting proceeds from the heads being full of fervent blood and vapour.   

APH. 8.  
After the breaking of an impostume inwardly faintness; vomiting and swooning.  
He speaks here of the breaking of imposthumes which break in the stomach, for the symptom of vomiting follows none else.   

APH. 9  
After a Flux of blood, a Delirium or raving, or a convulsion are evil.  
For it shows a great drought of the body, and weakness of the brains forces.   

APH. 10▪  
After the iliac passion, or colic the hicket, raving, or convulsion are evil.  
Which are caused by the foulness of the stomach and consent which is between the brain and the stomach.   

APH. 11.  
After a pleurisy, an inflammation of the lungs is evil.  
Because it signifies that part of the noxious humours is gone from the jess noble part of the ribs, to the more noble viz. the lungs.   

APH. 12.  
A frenzy after an inflammation of the lungs is evil.  
The inflammation of the lungs, sending up vapours into the head, and they possessing the brain cause a frenzy.   

APH. 13.  
A Convulsion, or the Cramp, after hot burnings, are evil,  
Because it signifies a great dryness of the nerves or sinews.   

APH. 14.  
Astonishment and raving through some blow of the head is an evil sign.  
Because it signifies that the wound hath penetrated to the ●raine▪   

APH. 15.  
The spitting out of corrupt matter, after the spitting of blood is evil.  
Because it signifies that the lungs are exulcerated.   

APH. 16.  
A consumption▪ and a Flux of the hair or of the belly, coming after the spitting of corrupt matter are evilsignes, for when the spitting is stopped, the diseased do die.  
The first part of this aphorism is averred, Aphorism. 11. and 12. of the 5 Section, to which we refer you. The reason of the second part is because if the spitting be stopped, the lungs are so oppressed with the abundance of phlegm lying on them, that the patient is suffocated and strangled, for want of breath.   

APH. 17.  
The hicket coming through an inflammation of the liver is evil.  
For it shows the greatness of the inflammation, of which the stomach also participates, and being bitten by store of choler swimming in it, it causes the hicket,   

APH. 18.  
A convulsion or raving caused through watching is an evil thing▪  
For watching doth extremely evacuate and exiccate the body; which causeth both the raving and convulsion.   

APH. 19  
After the laying bare of a bone, the inflammation and hot tumour Erisipelas is evil.  
For it showeth a confluction thither of hot blood and choler, which corrode, and consume the adjacent flesh.   

APH. 20.  
Putrefaction or impostumation after, from the inflammation Erisipelas is evil,  
For it shows the malignity of the said Erisipelas, which doth not only exulcerate the upper parts of the body, but feeds deeper in, and creeps on to the sound parts   

APH. 21.  
A Flux of blood, after a strong pulse in ulcers is evil.  
First because it shows an extreme inflammation to be joined to the ulcer; secondly because this eruption or Flux cannot be, unless the month of the artery be opened: which is very difficult to be stopped.   

APH. 22.  
After a long pain of the parts belonging to the belly, an imposthumation is evil.  
Which it must needs come to at last▪ unless death of the patient prevent it   

APH. 23.  
After avoiding of unmixed excrements downwards, a bloody Flux is evil  
For such humours will erode and perish some parts of the intestines.   

APH. 24.  
Raving or Delirium ensues after the wound of a bone, if it penetrate into the hollow or void space.  
He speaks here of the bones of the head only, as appears by the 14. Aph.   

APH. 25.  
A convulsion after the taking of a purging potion bringeth death.  
Because is signifies an incurable drought.   

APH. 26.  
A great cold of the uttermost parts, through vehement pain of the parts belonging to the belly is evil.  
The reason whereof is set down in the comment of the 1. Aphorism of this Sect.   

APH. 27.  
If the disease called Tenesmus shall happen to a woman with child, it is the cause of abortment.  
This Tenesmus is a great provocation or desire to go to stool, and when they come thither can do nothing.   

APH. 28.  
If either a bone, cartilege or sinew, shall be cut in the body, it doth neither increase nor grow together again.  
This was spoken afore in the 19 Aphorism Sect 6.   

APH. 29.  
If a strong Flux of the belly shall come upon him that is diseased, with a dropsy called Leacophlegmatia, it dissolveth and cureth the disease.  
Because it evacuates the efficient cause of the disease, which is abundance of white phlegm, from whence also comes the diseases name.   

APH. 30.  
They have a falling down of phlegmatic humours from the head, which do a vid frothy excrements out of the belly.  
For phlegmatic humours being windy, it is no marvel if they be frothy.   

APH. 31.  
Sediments in urines, made in the time of agues like unto course wheat-meal do signify that the sickness shall continue long.  
For it shows a kind of gross thick humour, which cannot be disolved or voided in a short space.   

APH. 32.  
Choleric sediments in urins, which at the first were thin, do signify a sharp disease.  
For choler always causeth sharp diseases. And urines are always faithful messengers of the affections of the veins.   

APH. 33.  
Those which makes diverse urines, have a vehement disturbance in their body.  
For when the urines are so, it shows a manifoldness of humours to be viciously diseased   

APH. 34.  
The urins in which bubbles do swim aloft, signify a disease of the reins, and that the disease will endure long.  
For those bubbles proceding from humidity which is extended about by a flatuous spirit, do cause a cold disease which cold diseases are long.   

APH. 35.  
Those to whom a fattness swims upon their urine together & on a sudden, it is a sign the disease is in the reins, and asharp one too.  
For if the disease were in the whole body, it would come forth by little and little, and it is a sharp one, for the head of it melts the fat of the reins.   

APH. 36.  
If also pains be caused to those which are diseased with the grief of the kidneys about the muscles of the back bone, and have the signs abovesaid, if they be felt towards the outward parts, look and expect that the impostume shall be also outwardly. But if the pains bend and decline rather to the inward parts, we must then expect the impostume will be inwards  
Namely if the pain hath been long and great.   

APH. 37.  
Vomiting of blood is wholesome to them which do it without a fever: but if it be with a fever it is an evil thing, and the cure and remedy of the same, is to be performed with things that have a cooling and binding ●ualitie.  
All vomits of blood are bad, Sect. 4. Aphorism. 25, therefore this must be here understood comparatively, namely that it is more tolerable without, then with a fever.   

APH. 38.  
Distillations upon the upper belly come to suppuration and ripeness within twenty days.  
By the upper belly, he means the stomach, whose heat causeth the suppuration to be made so soon.   

APH 39  
If any one piss blood, or clots of blood, and be diseased with the Strangury, the pain falling into the Perinaeum, Hypogastrium, and Pectinem, the places and part about the bladder are diseased.  
Perinaeum is the part between the privy Members and the Fundament. Hypogastrium the bottom of the belly: And Pecten that part under the belly where the hair grows.   

APH. 40  
If a man's tongue suddenly become feeble, or any part of the body benumbed without feeling, it is a sign of melancholy.  
For they proceeded from a thick juice which is partly melancholy partly phlegmatic.   

APH. 41.  
If the hicket happen to old men, purged above measure it is not good.  
Because such a hicket is bad in all, especially in old men, because in them all diseases are greater, and more to he doubted by reason of the imbecility of that age.   

APH. 42.  
If the fever be not caused by choler, much warm water poured upon the head doth dissolve it.  
under the name of choler ●e doth here comprehend all other humours, as phlegm, blood and black choler.   

APH. 43.  
A woman hath not the use of both hands alike,  
By reason of the imbecility of woman's nature.   

APH. 44.  
If a clear and white matter do issue out from them which are affected with corrupt matter, when they suffer cauterizing or incision, they do escape: but if bloody, stinking, and filthy matter do issue forth, they die.  
By being affected with corrupt matter he means all which have any corrupt tumour, but especially such as have it gathered between the lungs and the breast,   

APH. 45.  
If clear and white matter do issue from them whose liver is corrupted, and is burnt, they recover health: for the corrupt matter is contained in the coat, but if that which cometh forth be like the lees of oil they die.  
The reason of the Aphorism is set down in it, when he saith, the matter is contained in the coat, for if it penetrate into the flesh or substance of the liver they die.   

APH. 46.  
Cure and heal pains of the eyes, which proceed from drinking of strong wine▪ and bathing in hot water, by opening of a vein.  
This aphorism is by Galen and Heurnius held to be spurious and not worthy of Hypocrates; alludes to the 31. Aphorism of the 6 Section, yet it much differs from it.   

APH. 47.  
If a cough come upon one diseased with the dropsy, he is irrecoverable  
This and the 35 aphorism of the 6 Section are all one.   

APH. 48  
Drinking of neat strong wine, and the opening of a vein dissolves the strangury and dysury, but the inward veins must be opened.  
He speaks not of all Stranguries and Dysuries, but only of that strangury or dropping of urine, which is caused by coldness, and of that dysury, or the urines painful coming out, which proceeds from a viscous and flatuous humour.   

APH. 49.  
A swelling and redness arising on the breast of him who have a squiancy is good, for the disease inclineth outwards.  
This differs nothing from the 37 of the sixt Section, but only in the place of the rednesses arising, so that in both, Hippocrates scope is to show that in this disease it is good to have thè humours tend outward.   

APH. 50.  
They die within three days, whose brain begins to corrupt, but if they overpass them, they shall recover their health.  
Because the brain is a principal and most noble part: But if they scape three days it may be hoped, the disease may remit and that the natural forces will overcome it.   

APH. 51.  
Sneezing is provoked out of the head, the brain being much heated, or the void space of the head being much moistened: For the air enclosed within, doth break forth; and it makes a noise because it passeth through a narrow place.  
He speaks in this aphorism only of that sneezing which is caused by the motion if nature desires to drive out flatuous spirit out of the head.   

APH. 52.  
Those who are grieved with vehement pain of the Liver, are delivered from it, if an Ague come upon them.  
Which vehement pain cometh by windiness which the fever disperses   

APH. 53.  
Those which have occasion to have blood taken from them, must be let blood in the Spring.  
This is part of the Aph. 47. Sect. 6 look upon that's Comment.   

APH. 54.  
Those which have phlegm enclosed between the ventricle and the middriff, which is painful to them, having no passage into either of the bellies, are delivered from the disease, the phlegm being turned through the veins into the body.  
Matter may come out of the veins into any place of the body, and being extenuated return into them again.   

APH. 55.  
Those have their belly filled with water and die, whose Liver replenished with water, makes an eruption of it in the upper part of the belly where the Caul is.  
This Aphorism speaks what is for the most part, for by the help of nature and medicaments such may be cured.   

APH. 56.  
Wine being drunk with an equal proportion of water, puts away sorrow, yawning, and cold shaking  
For wine by its moderate heat expels most of those matters which cause these symptoms and tempereth the rest.   

APH. 57  
Those which have a little swelling in the urinary passage, they are delivered from it, the same being brought to suppuration and broken.  
This Aphorism is the same as the 82 of the fourth Secton where it was explained.   

APH. 58.  
They must of necessity become dumb presently, which have their brain vehemently shaken & troubled by some outward occasion.  
In the word dumbness he here comprehends all other voluntary motions.   

APH. 59  
Hunger and fasting is to be endured by bodies consisting of moist flesh. For fasting drieth the body.  
He means so much fasting as will serve to correct the humidity of the flesh.   

APH. 60.  
Where there is alteration in the whole body, and it becometh cold and hot again, or changeth from one colour to another, it signisies length of the disease.  
This Aphorism is repeated from that which is Sect. 4. Aph. 40.   

APH. 61.  
Much sweat hot and dry frequently issuing forth, declares abundance of moistness, which in a strong body is to be vacuated upwards, in a weak one downwards.  
This Aphorism is thought by Galen to be spurious, and also the three following, yet Heurnius saith no such thing. But saith this Aphorism means that sweat which proceeds from superabundance of moisture, and not from plenty of food.   

APH. 62.  
If Agues become more fierce and vehement every third day without intermission they are dangerous. But in what manner soever they shall cease it signifieth they are void of danger.   

APH. 63.  
Those which are afflicted with long fevers have little swellings or aches in the joints.   

APH. 64.  
Those which have long swellings or pains in the joints after a fever, do use too plentiful a diet.  
These three last Aphorisms are the same with the 43, 44, and 45 of the fourth Section, where they have been already explained.   

APH. 65.  
If any give the meat to one sick of a fever, which he giveth to a healthful person, he shall strengthen the healthful person, and increase the malady of the sick.  
This Aphorism also is falsely imputed to Hippocrates.   

APH. 66.  
We must look upon those things which pass through the bladder, whether they be such as issue forth in prosperous health. For those which are unlike them, are unhealthful signs, but those which are like them, are healthful signs.  
This Aphorism speaks that which Hippocrates in a manner speaks elsewhere: yet because it hath neither the form nor phrase of Hippocrates, Galen rejects it.   

APH. 67.  
Also when the sediments, if thou shalt suffer them to rest, and shalt not move them, do sink down into the bottom like shavings of guts or such like matter, if they be few, they signify the disease is but little; but if they be many, that it is great than it is necessary to evacuate the belly downwards; otherwise if thou shalt give broth and nourishments, without purging the belly, the more thou givest, the more thou shalt offend.  
This Aphorism Galen holds to be foisted in by some sophister and lover of obscurity and to be none of Hippocrates.   

APH. 68  
Crude, raw and undigested excrements voided downwards, do proceed from black choler. If they be many, they proceed from a more copious quantity, if they be few, from a lesser.  
This Aphorism participates of the former's obscurity, and by some is joined to it and made the latter part of the other.   

APH. 69.  
Spittings, in fevers not intermitting, ash-coloured bloodyish, choleric, stinking, are all evil. But if they come forth conveniently and easily they are good, whether they issue out by the belly or bladder. And if any thing stays unpurged which should have come forth, it is evil.  
This Aphorism is in a manner the same with the 47 of the fourth Section   

APH. 70.  
When any one goeth about to purge unclean bodies, he must make them soluble and fluxible.  
This Aphorism hath also been explained in the tenth Aph. of the second Section.   

APH. 71.  
Sleep and watchfulness, if they exceed a measure, are a disease.  
This is also the same Aphorism in substance with the third of the second Section,   

APH. 72.  
In fevers not intermitting, if the exterior parts be cold, and the inward burning and the patient have a fever.  
This Aphorism was better set down Sect. 4. Aph. 48. for why should he add at the end of this, if the patient have a fever when he had already said in the beginning, In fevers not intermitting.   

APH. 73.  
In a fever not intermitting, if a lip, nose, eye, or eyebrow be perverted and turned awry, if the sick man do not see nor hear, whatsoever of these things shall happen to a weak sick man, death is near at hand.  
This Aphorism is the same with the 49 of Sect. 4.   

APH. 74.  
After white phlegm comes a dropsy.  
Namely when the body and its vessels, are abundantly filled with it   

APH. 75.  
From a looseness of the belly, proceeds a bloodyflux.  
Not from all loosnesses, but only such as are long lasting, and bilious as Aph 23.   

APH. 76.  
After a bloodyflux comes a Lienteria.  
Which is a flux of undigested meat. See Sect. 6. Aph. 43.   

APH. 77.  
After the corruption of the bone comes the impost humation of it called in Greek Sphacelismos.  
It may be also taken for a Gangrening of the flesh about it.   

APH▪ 78.  
After vomiting of blood, a Consumption, and an evacuation of filthy purulent matter doth ensue.  
This Aphorism is set down several ways, but I have followed Galen's exposition.   

APH. 79.  
We ought to behold what things they be which pass out by urines or by the belly, and what things issue out through the flesh. And we must also consider and behold whether the body do decline in any other thing from nature. For if little be a voided the disease is little, if much, the disease is great, and if very much it is deadly.  
To the end that the Physician may know the disease, he must take special notice of the excrements, and examine them in substance, quantity, quality, and the time and manner of getting them out. For the excrements represent the Idea of those parts from whence they proceed.  
FINIS.